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Handbook of
Labor Statistics
U.S. Department of Labor
Raymond J. Donovan, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Janet L. Norwood, Commissioner
December 1983
Bulletin 2175
For s a lo by tlie Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402
Preface
This publication makes available in one volume the major series produced by
the Bureau of Labor Statistics. In general, each table begins with the earliest reli
able data and ends with 1982. Because of space limitations, some intervening
years have been omitted from most tables. These data can be found in the 1978
edition of the Handbook (Bulletin 2000) or by contacting the bls Office of Pub
lications. Data in this publication may differ from data previously published. Bl S
data are revised periodically to adjust to more recent benchmarks and tc incor
porate more complete data from survey respondents. See the technical notes pre
ceding each major section for more information on data changes and for explana
tions of the series.
This volume was compiled in the Office of Publications by Rosalind Spring
steen and Rosalie Epstein with the cooperation of the program offices of the
Bureau of Labor Statistics. Material in this publication is in the public domain
and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission.
iii
Contents
Labor Force, Employment, and Unemployment
Data from the monthly Current Population Survey
Technical notes........................................................................................................................................
Page
1
Tables:
Labor force and employment status:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Employment status of the noninstitutional population 16 years and over by sex, 1950-82..........
Civilian noninstitutional population by
sex, race, and age, 1948-82..................................
Civilian labor force by sex, race,
and age, 1948-82................................................................
Civilian labor force participation
rates
bysex, race, and age,
1948-82........................
Civilian labor force participation
rates
bymarital status, sex,
and age, 1959-82 ........
Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, 1963-82..............................
Employment status of the black and Hispanic-origin civilian noninstitutional population by sex
and age, 1975-82.............................................................................................................................
Employment status of civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age,
1980-82................................................................................................
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in metropolitan and nonmetro
politan areas by sex, age, and race,1980-82...................................................................................
Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in poverty and nonpoverty areas
by race, 1980-82 .............................................................................................................................
Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and Hispanic
origin, 1980-82....
Persons not in the labor force by sex, race, and age, 1948-82........................................................
Job desire of persons not in the labor force and reasons for not seeking work by sex and race,
1970-82............................................................................................................................................
6
8
12
16
20
23
25
26
27
28
29
31
34
Employment:
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
Employed civilians by sex, race, and age, 1948-82..........................................................................
Civilian employment-population ratios by sex, race, and age,1948-82...........................................
Employed civilians by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation,1958-82...................................
Employed civilians by detailed occupation, 1975-82.......................................................................
Employed civilians by industry and occupation, 1976-82...............................................................
Nonagricultural workers on full-time or voluntary part-time schedules by selected characteris
tics, 1969-82....................................................................................................................................
Persons on part-time schedules for economic reasons by type of industry, sex, and age,
1957-82 ............................................................................................................................................
Nonagricultural workers on part-time schedules for economic reasons by usual full- or parttime status and selectedcharacteristics, 1969-82...........................................................................
Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason for not working, 1957-82..................
Employed nonagricultural wage and salary workers with a job but not at work by reason not
working, pay status, and sex,1967-82............................................................................................
v
36
40
44
49
54
56
58
59
61
62
Contents—Continued
Tables:
Unemployment:
Page
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
Major unemployment indicators, 1948-82.........................................................................................
Unemployed persons by sex, race, and age, 1948-82.......................................................................
Unemployment rates by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age, 1948-82...........................................
Unemployment rates by sex and marital status, 1955-82.................................................................
Unemployment rates and percent distribution of the unemployed by occupation, 1958-82........
Unemployment rates and percent distribution of the unemployed by industry, 1948-82.............
Unemployed persons and percent distribution of the unemployed by duration, 1948-82............
Unemployed persons and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and reason for unemploy
ment, 1967-82..................................................................................................................................
32. Long-term unemployment compared with total unemployment by sex, age, and race, 1969-82.
33. Long-term unemployment by industry and occupation, 1969-82...................................................
34. Unemployed jobseekers by the job search methods used, sex, age, and race, 1972-82................
63
64
68
73
74
75
77
79
81
83
84
Family relationships and earnings data:
35. Unemployment in families by type of family, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed
family members, 1980-82................................................................................................................ 89
36. Unemployed persons by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of employed
family members, 1980-82................................................................................................................ 90
37. Employed persons by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of additional
employed family members, 1980-82 .............................................................................................. 93
38. Median weekly earnings of families by type of family, number of earners, race, and Hispanic
origin, 1979-82...................................................................................................................................
95
39. Families with unemployed members and wage and salary workers by type of family and
median weekly earnings, 1979-82..................................................................................................... 97
40. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics,
1979-82...............................................................................................................................................
98
41. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics,
1979-82...............................................................................................................................................
99
State and area data:
42. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by State, 1980-82........................
43. Unemployment rates for regions and States by sex, age, and race, 1981-82.................................
44. Unemployment rates for Hispanic-origin workers, selected States, 1980-82.................................
100
101
103
Special Labor Force Data
Annual supplementary data from the Current Population Survey
Work experience:
45. Persons with work experience during the year by sex and extent of employment, 1950-81....... 104
46. Extent of unemployment during the year by sex, 1957-81.............................................................. 106
47. Persons with work experience during the year by industry and class of worker in the job held
the longest, 1955-81 .......................................................................................................................... 110
48. Percent of persons with work experience during the year who worked year round at full-time
jobs by industry and class of worker in the job held the longest, 1950-81 ............................... 112
vi
Contents—Continued
Tables:
Multiple jobholders:
Page
49. Persons with two or more jobs by industry and class of worker of primary and secondary job,
May, selected years, 1956-80..........................................................................................................
114
Marital and family characteristics:
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55.
56.
57.
58.
Employment status of the population by marital status and sex, March, 1947-82........................ 116
Employment status of widowed, divorced, or separated persons by sex, March, 1970-82.......... 119
Labor force participation rates by marital status, sex, and age, March, 1947-82.......................... 120
Labor force participation rates of widowed, divorced, or separated persons by sex and age,
March, 1970-82............................................................................................................................... 122
Labor force and labor force participation rates of married women, spouse present by presence
and age of own children, March, 1948-82.................................................................................... 123
Number of own children under 18 years of age by type of family and labor force status of
mother, March, 1970-82................................................................................................................. 124
Employment status of women who maintain families, March, 1960-82......................................... 125
Employment status of husbands by employment status of other family members, March,
1959-82............................................................................................................................................ 126
Number of earners in families by relationship, type of families, and median family income,
1967-81 ............................................................................................................................................ 128
Work schedules and absences from work:
59. Workweek of full-time nonfarm wage and salary workers by usual number of days and hours
worked, May, 1973-80...................................................................................................................
60. Number and percent of full-time nonfarm wage and salary workers by shifts, sex, and race,
May, 1973-80..................................................................................................................................
61. Percent of full-time wage and salary workers who worked long hours and received premium
pay by occupation and industry, May, 1973-80...........................................................................
62. Absence rates for full-time nonagricultural wage and salary workers by reason for absence,
May, 1973-80..................................................................................................................................
132
133
135
136
School enrollment and educational attainment:
63. Employment status of the population 14 to 24 years old by school enrollment, sex, and age,
October, 1947-82............................................................................................................................
64. Employment status of recent high school graduates not enrolled in college and of school
dropouts 16 to 24 years old by selected characteristics, October, 1960-82...............................
65. Educational attainment of the civilian labor force by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, March,
selected years, 1959-82....................................................................................................................
66. Unemployment rates by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, March, select
ed years, 1959-82............................................................................................................................
137
146
151
155
Employees on Nonagricultural Payrolls
Data from the monthly survey of business establishments
Technical notes ......................................................................................................................................................
157
Tables:
Employment by industry:
67. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, selected years, 1919-82................. 159
68. Employees on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group, selected years, 1939-82.......... 160
69. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry divi
sion, selected years, 1939-82........................................................................................................... 162
VII
Contents—Continued
Tables:
Employment by industry—Continued
Page
70. Production workers on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group, selected years,
1929-82............................................................................................................................................
71. Nonproduction workers employment and ratios of nonproduction worker employment to
total employment by major manufacturing industry group, 1939-82.........................................
72. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, 1959-82...........................
73. Women employees on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group, 1959-82 ......................
163
165
169
170
Employment by region and State:
74. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by region and State, selected, years, 1939-82................
75. Employees on manufacturing payrolls by region and State, selected years, 1939-82...................
76. Employees on government payrolls by region and State, selected years, 1939-82.......................
171
174
177
Labor turnover:
77. Labor turnover rates of employees on manufacturing payrolls, selected years, 1930-81.............
78. Labor turnover rates of employees on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group,
1958-81 ............................................................................................................................................
180
181
Hours by industry:
79. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry division, selected years, 1932-82.................................................................
80. Average weekly hours of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by major industry
group, selected years, 1947-82 .......................................................................................................
81. Average weekly overtime hours of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by major
industry group, selected years, 1956-82 ........................................................................................
82. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private non
agricultural payrolls by industry division, selected years, 1947-82 ............................................
83. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by
major industry group, 1947-82.......................................................................................................
186
187
188
189
190
Hours by State:
84. Average weekly hours of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State, selected
years, 1948-82................................................................................................................................. 192
Earnings by industry:
85. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry division, selected years, 1932-82.................................................................
86. Hourly Earnings Index for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry division, 1964-82...........................................................................................
87. Average hourly earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by major industry
group, selected years, 1947-82.....................................................................................................
88. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime of production workers on manufacturing pay
rolls by major industry group, selected years, 1941-82...............................................................
89. Average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry division, selected years, 1922-82.................................................................
90. Average weekly earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by major industry
group, selected years, 1947-82......................................................................................................
91. Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, selected years, 1947-82.........................
viii
195
196
197
199
201
202
204
Contents—Continued
Tables:
Earnings by State:
page
92. Average hourly earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State, selected
years, 1948-82............................................
93. Average weekly earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State, selected
years, 1948-82.................................................................................................................................
207
210
Occupational Employment Statistics
Technical notes ......................................................................................................................................................
213
Tables:
94. Employment in manufacturing industries by major occupational group, 1980............................. 214
95. Employment in transportation, communications, utilities, and wholesale and retail trade by
major occupational group, 1979..................................................................................................... 215
Productivity Data
Technical notes ..................................................................................................................................................... 216
Tables:
96. Indexes of output per hour and related data, business sector, 1947-82..........................................
97. Indexes of output per hour, hourly compensation, and unit labor cost in the business sector,
and underlying data, 1947-82.........................................................................................................
98. Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected industries,
selected years, 1947-81....................................................................................................................
99. Functional and summary indexes of output per employee year for the measured portion of the
Federal civilian government, fiscal years, 1971-81 ......................................................................
218
219
223
253
Compensation Studies
Technical notes ..................................................................................................................................................... 254
Tables:
Occupational pay:
100. Average earnings for selected plant occupations in metropolitan areas by sex, industry divi
sion, and region, 1967-81................................................................................................................
101. Average earnings for selected office occupations in metropolitan areas by sex, industry divi
sion, and region, 1967-81...............................................................................................................
102. Percent increases in average straight-time hourly earnings, selected occupational groups in
metropolitan areas,1977-82.............................................................................................................
103. Interarea pay comparisons—relative pay levels by industry division, selected periods, 1961-80.
104. Average annual salaries for selected professional, administrative, and technical occupations,
1961-82............................................................................................................................................
105. Indexes of average straight-time hourly earnings of production workers in selected occupa
tions in nonelectrical machinery manufacturing, selected metropolitan areas, selected years,
1945-81 ............................................................................................................................................
256
264
272
279
297
301
General wage and benefit changes:
106. Median negotiated wage adjustments in major collective bargaining units, 1954-82................... 303
107. Mean negotiated wage adjustments in major collective bargaining units, 1968-82...................... 305
108. Percent changes
in wages and benefits in collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000
■%
workers or more,1965-82 ............................................................................................................... 306
IX
Contents—Continued
Tables:
Employment cost index:
Page
109. Employment cost index.......................................................................................................................
307
Prices and Living Conditions
Technical notes ........................................................................................................................................................
317
Tables:
Consumer prices:
110. Consumer Price Indexes, selected groups, and purchasing power of the consumer dollar,
1913-82......................................................................................................................................... ;..
111. Consumer Price Indexes, and major groups, 1935-82......................................................................
112. The Consumer Price Indexes, commodity, service, and special groups, 1935-82.........................
113. Relative importance of major components of the Consumer Price Index, U.S. city average, at
dates of major weight revisions......................................................................................................
114. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, selected areas, all-items index, selected
years, 1950-82.................................................................................................................................
322
323
324
327
328
Producer prices:
115.
116.
117.
118.
Producer Price
Producer Price
Producer Price
Industry-sector
Indexes by stage of processing, selected years, 1947-82.....................................
Indexes by commodity group, selected years, 1926-82 ......................................
Indexes by durability of product, selected years, 1947-82.................................
price indexes for the output of selected industries, 1959-82................................
329
330
339
340
Import and export prices:
119. U.S. import price indexes, 1975-82.................................................................................................... 351
120. U.S. export price indexes for selected categories of goods, 1975-82 ............................................. 363
Consumer expenditures:
121. Selected characteristics and weekly expenditures of urban consumer units classified by quin
tiles of income beforetaxes, Diary Survey, 1980-81 ......................................................................
122. Selected characteristics and weekly expenditures of urban consumer units classified by income
before taxes, Diary Survey, 1980-81 .............................................................................................
123. Selected characteristics and weekly expenditures of urban consumer units classified by age of
householder, Diary Survey, 1980-81.............................................................................................
124. Selected characteristics and weekly expenditures of urban consumer units classified by size of
consumer unit, Diary Survey, 1980-81..........................................................................................
125. Selected characteristics and weekly expenditures of urban consumer units classified by region
of residence, Diary Survey, 1980-81 .............................................................................................
126. Selected characteristics and weekly expenditures of urban consumer units classified by
number of earners in consumer unit, Diary Survey, 1980-81 .....................................................
372
373
374
375
376
377
Unions and Industrial Relations
Technical notes ......................................................................................................................................................
378
Tables:
Work stoppages:
127. Work stoppages involving 1,000 workers or more, 1947-82........................................................... 379
128. Work stoppages involving six workers or more, 1930-81 ............................................................... 380
x
Contents—Continued
Tables:
Work stoppages—Continued
129.
130.
131.
132.
133.
Page
Work stoppages involving sixworkers or more by size of stoppage, 1969-81 ............................
Duration of work stoppages involving six workers or more ending in 1969-81...........................
Work stoppages involving sixworkers or more by major issues, 1969-81....................................
Work stoppages involving sixworkers or more by industry group, 1969-81 ...............................
Work stoppages involving sixworkers or more by State, 1969-81........
381
383
385
398
405
Occupational Injuries and Illnesses
Technical notes ......................................................................................................................................................
412
Tables:
134. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates by industry, United States, 1972-81.................
413
Foreign Labor Statistics
Technical notes ...................................................................................................................................................... 416
Tables:
135.
136.
137.
138.
139.
140.
141.
142.
143.
144.
145.
146.
147.
Labor force, employment, and unemployment, selected countries, 1959-82.................................
Labor force participation rates by sex, selected countries, 1960-82...............................................
Employment by economic sector, selected countries, 1960-82.......................................................
Indexes of output per hour, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and related measures for
manufacturing, selected countries, 1950-82...................................................................................
Indexes of trade-weighted relative trends in output per hour, hourly compensation, and unit
labor costs in manufacturing, selected countries, 1960-81...........................................................
Average weekly hours of production workers in manufacturing, selected countries and years,
1955-82............................................................................................................................................
Hourly compensation costs for production workers in manufacturing, selected countries,
1975-82............................................................................................................................................
Hourly compensation costs and direct pay of production workers in manufacturing, selected
countries and years, 1960-82..........................................................................................................
Structure of compensation for production workers in manufacturing, selected countries and
years, 1965-79.................................................................................................................................
Indexes of real hourly and weekly compensation in manufacturing, selected countries,
1950-82............................................................................................................................................
Indexes of consumer prices, selected countries and years, 1950-82...............................................
Indexes of wholesale or producer prices, selected countries and years,1955-82 ...........................
Work stoppages and time lost due to industrial disputes, selected countries, 1955-82.................
XI
418
421
423
426
431
434
435
437
438
439
440
442
444
Technical Notes
Current Population Survey
(C o v e r s tables 1-6 6 )
day of the month; this is known as the survey week.
Actual field interviews are conducted during the fol
lowing week. The primary purpose of these questions
is to classify the sample population into three basic
groups—the employed, the unemployed, and those
not in the labor force.
Inmates of institutions and persons under 14 years
of age are not covered in the regular monthly enu
merations and are excluded from the population and
labor force statistics. Data on members of the Armed
Forces stationed in the United States are obtained
from the Department of Defense and are included as
part of the categories “noninstitutional population,”
“labor force,” and “total employment.”
Collection and coverage
Statistics on the labor force, employment, unem
ployment, and persons not in the labor force, classi
fied by a variety of demographic, social, and econom
ic characteristics are derived from the Current Popu
lation Survey ( c p s ) , which is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statis
tics. A detailed description of this survey appears in
Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force Statistics
Derived From the Current Population Survey, B L S
Report 463.
These monthly surveys of the population are con
ducted using a scientifically selected sample of 60,000
households designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. In addition to providing monthly
statistics on the employment status of the population,
the ( c p s ) , through special inquiries repeated annually
in the same month, provides detailed supplementary
information from particular segments, or for particu
lar characteristics of the population. These inquiries
include the extent of work experience of the popula
tion during the year, the marital and family status of
workers, the annual earnings and income of individ
uals and families, and the employment status of such
groups as working mothers with children, high school
graduates and dropouts, and recent college graduates.
Special surveys are also conducted periodically on
such subjects as job mobility and job tenure. Data on
the extent of overtime work at premium pay, work
schedules, shift work, absences, and the prevalence of
multiple jobholding were collected in May. As a
result of budget cutbacks, the sample size of the May
1981 supplement was reduced by three-fourths, and
the supplement was discontinued altogether in May
1982. Weekly and hourly earnings information was
collected in May until 1979; for 1979 forward, quar
terly and annual averages are available.
Respondents are interviewed to obtain information
about the employment status of each member of the
household 16 years of age and over. (Separate month
ly statistics are also collected for 14- and 15-year
olds.) The interviewer asks a series of standard ques
tions on activity or status during the calendar week,
Sunday through Saturday, which includes the 12th
Concepts and definitions
The criteria used in classifying persons on the basis
of their labor force activity have been modified but
not substantially altered since the inception of the c p s
in 1940. These criteria are as follows:
Employed persons are (1) all civilians who, during
the survey week, did any work at all as paid employ
ees in their own business or profession or on their
own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as
unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a family
member; and (2) all those who were not working but
who had jobs or businesses from which they were
temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, va
cation, labor-management disputes, or various person
al reasons, whether or not they received pay for the
time off or were seeking other jobs. Members of the
Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also
included in the employed total.
Included in the total are employed citizens of for
eign countries who are temporarily in the United
States but not living on the premises of an embassy.
Excluded are persons whose only activity consisted of
work around their own home (such as household
chores, painting, repairing, etc.) or volunteer work for
religious, charitable, and similar organizations.
Unemployed persons are all civilians who had no em
ployment during the survey week, were available for
work, and (1) had made specific efforts to find em
ployment sometime during the prior 4 weeks, or (2)
1
the ratio of the civilian labor force to the civilian non
institutional population.
Employment-population ratios represent the percent
age of the noninstitutional population that is em
ployed. The total employment population ratio is total
employment, including the resident Armed Forces, as
a percent of the noninstitutional population. The civil
ian employment-population ratio is the percentage of all
employed civilians in the civilian noninstitutional pop
ulation.
Not in labor force includes all civilians 16 years and
over who are not classified as employed or unem
ployed. These persons are classified as “keeping
house.” “in school,” or "unable to work" because of
long-term physical or mental illness, “retired,” and
“other.” The “other” group includes the voluntarily
idle, seasonal workers for whom the survey week fell in
an “o ff’ season and who were not reported as looking
for work, those reported as too old to work, and per
sons who did not look for work because they believed
that no jobs were available because of the prevailing
economic situation or because of various personal fac
tors—age, lack of education or training, etc. Persons
doing only incidental, unpaid family work (less than
15 hours during the survey week) are also classified as
not in the labor force. For persons not in the labor
force, detailed information is obtained on their previ
ous work experience, intentions to seek work, desire
for a job at the time of interview, and reasons for not
seeking work.
Occupation, industry, and class of worker for the em
ployed pertain to the job held in the survey week.
Persons with two or more jobs are classified in the
occupation at which they worked the greatest number
of hours during the survey week. The unemployed in
these categories are classified according to their last
full-time job lasting 2 or more weeks. The occupation
and industry groups used in the CPS through Decem
ber 1982 are defined as in the 1970 census. Beginning
in January 1983, they are defined as in the 1980
census.
Hours o f work statistics relate to the actual number
of hours worked during the survey week. For exam
ple, persons who usually work 40 hours a week but
were off on the Columbus Day holiday would be re
ported as working 32 hours even though they were
paid for the holiday. For persons working in more
than one job, the data relate to the number of hours
worked in all jobs during the week, and all the hours
are credited to the major job.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more during the
survey week are designated as working full time. Cor
respondingly, those who worked between 1 and 34
hours are designated as working part time. Part-time
workers are classified by their usual status at their
present job (either full or part time) and by their
reason for working part time during the survey week
were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they
had been laid off, or (3) were waiting to report to a
new job within 30 days.
Duration of unemployment represents the length of
time (through the current survey week) during which
persons classified as unemployed had been continu
ously looking for work. For persons on layoff, dura
tion represents the number of full weeks since the ter
mination of their most recent employment. A period
of 2 or more weeks during which a person was em
ployed or ceased looking for work breaks the con
tinuity of the present period of jobsearching. Meas
urements of mean and median duration are computed
from a distribution of single weeks of unemployment.
Unemployment is also categorized according to the
status of individuals at the time they began to look for
work. These “reasons for unemployment” are divided
into four major groups: (1) Job losers are persons
whose employment ended involuntarily and who im
mediately began looking for work and persons on
either temporary or indefinite layoff. (2) Job leavers
are persons who quit or otherwise terminated their
employment voluntarily and immediately began look
ing for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previ
ously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 or more
weeks but who were out of the labor force prior to
beginning to look for work. (4) New entrants are per
sons who never worked at a full-time job lasting 2 or
more weeks.
The civilian labor force equals the sum of all civilians
classified as employed and unemployed in accordance
with the criteria described above. The labor force also
includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in
the United States.
The full-time labor force consists of all civilians
working on full-time schedules, persons involuntarily
working part time for economic reasons, and unem
ployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The part-time
labor force consists of persons working part-time vol
untarily and unemployed persons seeking part-time
jobs. Persons with a job but not at work during the
survey week are classified according to whether they
usually work full or part time.
The overall unemployment rate represents the
number unemployed as a percent of the labor force,
including members of the Armed Forces stationed in
the United States.
The unemployment rate for all civilian workers is the
percentage of unemployed persons in the civilian
labor force. This measure can be computed for groups
within the labor force, such as age, sex, race, ethnic
origin, marital status, etc.
Participation rates represent the percentage of the
population that is in the labor force. The labor force
participation rate is the ratio of the labor force, includ
ing the resident Armed Forces, to the noninstitutional
population; the civilian labor force participation rate is
2
(economic or other reasons). Economic reasons in
clude slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant
or equipment, start or termination of a job during the
week, and inability to find full time work. Other rea
sons include labor-management disputes, bad weather,
own illness, vacations, demands of home housework,
school, no desire for full-time work, and full-time
worker only during peak season. Persons on full-time
schedules include, in addition to those working 35
hours or more, those who worked from 1 to 34 hours
for noneconomic reasons but usually work full time.
Race of workers is described by the terms white,
black, and other. Included in the “other” group are
American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and
Pacific Islanders. The term black is used in this
volume when the relevant data are provided exclu
sively for the black population. Because of their rela
tively small sample size, data for “other” races are not
published. In the enumeration process, race is deter
mined by the household respondent.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified
themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican,
Puerto Rican living on the mainland, Cuban, Central
or South American, or other Hispanic origin or de
scent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race;
thus, they are included in both the white and black
population groups.
Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the
Armed Forces of the United States between August
5, 1964, and May 7, 1975. Data are limited to men in
the civilian noninstitutional populaton; i.e., veterans in
institutions and women are excluded. Nonveterans are
men who never served in the Armed Forces.
The poverty areas classification consists of all census
geographic divisions in which 20 percent or more of
the residents were poor according to the 1970 decen
nial census. Persons were classified as poor or not
poor by using income thresholds adopted by a Feder
al interagency committee in 1969. These thresholds
vary by family size, composition, and residence (farmnonfarm). While poverty areas have a substantial con
centration of low income residents, many poor per
sons live outside these areas, and, conversely, the
areas include many people who are not poor.
The metropolitan areas classification consists of the
total of all areas encompassed by Standard Metropoli
tan Statistical Areas ( s m s a ’s ) . The metropolitan area
total is based on the number of s m s a ’s as defined in
the 1970 decennial census and does not include any
subsequent additions or changes. Nonmetropolitan
areas refer to the total of all areas outside s m s a ’s . The
nonmetropolitan total is disaggregated into farm and
nonfarm components.
Usual weekly earnings data are provided from re
sponses to the question “How much does . . . USU
ALLY earn per week at this job before deductions?”
Included are any overtime pay, commissions, or tips
usually received. The term “usual” is as perceived by
the respondent. If the respondent asks for a definition
of usual, interviewers are instructed to define the term
as more than half the weeks during the past 4 or 5
months. Data refer to wage and salary workers and
the incorporated self-employed, who usually work full
time on their sole or primary job.
Single, never married; married, spouse present; and
other marital status are terms used to define the mari
tal status of individuals at the time of interview. Mar
ried, spouse present, applies to husband and wife if
both were reported as members of the same house
hold even though one may be temporarily absent on
business, vacation, on a visit, in a hospital, etc. Other
marital status applies to persons who are married,
spouse absent; widowed; or divorced. Married, spouse
absent, includes persons who are separated because of
marital discord, as well as persons who are living
apart because either the husband or the wife was em
ployed and living away from home, serving in the
Armed Forces, or had a different place of residence
for any reason.
A household consists of all persons—related family
members and all unrelated persons—who occupy a
housing unit. A house, an apartment, a group of
rooms, or a single room is regarded as a housing unit
when occupied or intended for occupancy as separate
living quarters.
A householder is the person (or one of the persons)
in whose name the housing unit is owned or rented.
The term is never applied to either husbands or wives
in married-couple families but relates only to persons
in families maintained by either men or women with
out a spouse.
Family refers to a group of two or more persons re
siding together who are related by blood, marriage,
or adoption; all such persons are considered as mem
bers of one family even though they may include a
subfamily, that is, a married couple or a parent-child
group related by blood or marriage to the housholder
and sharing the living quarters. The count of families
used in this publication includes primary families
which include lodgers, guests, or resident employees
living in a household but not related to the house
holder. Families are classified either as married-couple
families or as families maintained by women or men
without spouses. A family maintained by a woman or
a man is one in which the householder is either single,
widowed, divorced, or married, spouse absent. Data
on the earnings of families exclude all those in which
there is no wage or salary earner or in which the hus
band, wife, or other person maintaining the family is
either self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
3
those of the black-and-other population—but had little
effect on 16-and-over totals. Additional information
on the adjustment procedure appears in “CPS Popula
tion Controls Derived from Inflation-Deflation
Method of Estimation” in the February 1974 issue of
Employment and Earnings. (7) Effective July 1975, as
a result of the immigration of Vietnamese refugees
into the United States, the total and black-and-other
independent population controls for persons 16 years
and over were adjusted upward by 76,000—30,000
men and 46,000 women. The addition of the refugees
increased the black-and-other population by less than
1 percent in any age-sex group, and all of the changes
were in the “other” population. (8) Beginning in 1978,
the introduction of an expansion in the sample and re
visions in the estimation procedures resulted in an in
crease of about 250,000 in the civilian labor force and
employment totals; unemployment levels and rates
were essentially unchanged. An explanation of the
procedural changes and an indication of the differ
ences appear in “Revisions in the Current Population
Survey in January 1978” in the February 1978 issue
of Employment and Earnings. (9) Beginning in January
1979, the first-stage ratio estimation method was
changed in the CPS estimation procedure. Differences
between the old and new procedure exist only for
metropolitan and nonmetropolitan area estimates, not
for the total United States. The reasoning behind the
change and an indication of the differences appear in
“Change in the Estimation Procedure for the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1979” in the
February 1979 issue of Employment and Earnings. (10)
Beginning in January 1982, the second-stage ratio ad
justment methodology was changed in the estimation
procedure. The purpose of the change and an indica
tion of its effect on national estimates of labor force
characteristics appear in “Revisions in the Current
Population Survey Beginning in January 1982” in the
February 1982 issue of Employment and Earnings. In
addition, current popluation estimates used in the
second-stage estimation procedure are derived from
information obtained from the 1980 census, rather
than the 1970 census. This change caused substantial
increases in total population and estimates of persons
in all labor force categories. Rates for labor force
characteristics, however, remained virtually un
changed. Some 30,000 labor force series were adjust
ed back to 1970 to avoid major breaks in series. The
adjustment procedure used is also described in the
February 1982 article referred to above. The revisions
did not, however, smooth out the breaks in series oc
curring between 1972 and 1979 that are described
above, and data users should make allowances for
them in making certain data comparisons. Due to the
absence of 1980 census population estimates, data con
tained in tables 49 and 59 through 62 have not been
adjusted.
Historical comparability
Change in lower age limit. The lower age limit for offi
cial statistics on the labor force and employment and
unemployment was raised from 14 to 16 years of age
in January 1967. Insofar as possible, historical series
have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the population 16 years and over. For a de
tailed discussion of this and other definitional changes
introduced at that time, including estimates of their
effect on the various series, see “New Definitions for
Employment and Unemployment,” Employment and
Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force, Feb
ruary 1967.
Other changes affecting labor force levels. In addition to
the changes introduced in 1967, there are several
other periods of noncomparability in the labor force
data: (1) Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing
data from the 1950 census into the estimating proce
dures, population levels were raised by about 600,000;
civilian labor force, employment, and agricultural em
ployment were increased by about 350,000, primarily
affecting the figures for totals and males; other cate
gories were relatively unaffected. (2) Beginning in
1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in
an increase of about 500,000 in the population and
about 300,000 in the civilian labor force—four-fifths
of this increase was in nonagricultural employment;
other labor force categories were not appreciably af
fected. (3) Beginning in 1962, the introduction of data
from the 1960 census reduced the population by about
50,000 and civilian labor force and employment by
about 200,000; unemployment totals were virtually
unchanged. (4) Beginning in 1972, information from
the 1970 census was introduced into the estimation
procedures, increasing the population by about
800,000; civilian labor force and employment totals
were raised by a little more than 300,000; and unem
ployment levels and rates were essentially unchanged.
(5) A subsequent population adjustment based on the
1970 census was introduced in March 1973. This ad
justment affected the white and black-and-other
groups but had little effect on totals. The adjustment
resulted in the reduction of nearly 300,000 in the
white population and an increase of the same magni
tude in the black-and-other population. Civilian labor
force and employment figures were affected to a
lesser degree; the white labor force was reduced by
150,000, and the black-and-other labor force rose by
about 210,000. Unemployment levels and rates were
not significantly affected. (6) Beginning in 1974, the
methodology used to prepare independent estimates
of the civilian noninstitutional population was modi
fied to an inflation-deflation approach. This change in
the derivation of the estimates had its greatest impact
on estimates of 20- to 24-year-old males—particularly
4
were possible to take a complete census, even if the
same questionnaires and procedures were used. The
standard error is the measure of sampling variation—
the variation that occurs by chance because a sample
rather than the entire population is surveyed. The nu
merical value of a standard error depends upon the
size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such
that the chances are 68 out of 100 that an estimate
from the survey differs from a figure that would be
obtained through a complete census by less than the
standard error. The chances are 90 out of 100 that an
estimate based on the sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 times the standard error. At the 90-percent
level of confidence—the confidence limits used by
BLS in analysis of labor force data—the error for the
monthly change in civilian employment is on the
order of plus or minus 335,000; for total unemploy
ment, it is 240,000; and for the unemployment rate it
is 0.21 percentage point. Sampling errors for monthly
surveys are reduced when the data are cumulated for
several months, such as quarterly or annually. Tables
B through K in the Explanatory Notes of Employment
and Earnings provide approximations of the standard
errors for unemployment and other labor force esti
mates derived from the c p s .
Beginning in January 1983, the first-stage ratio ad
justment methodology was updated to account for re
sults obtained from the 1980 census. The purpose of
the change and an indication of its effect on national
estimates of labor force characteristics appear in “Re
visions in the Current Population Survey Beginning in
January 1983“ in the February 1983 issue of Employ
ment and Earnings. There are only slight differences
between the old and new procedures in estimates of
levels for the various labor force characteristics and
virtually no differences in estimates of participation
rates.
Changes in the occupational and industrial classification
system. Beginning in 1971, the comparability of occu
pational employment data was affected as a result of
changes in the occupational classification system for
the 1970 census that were introduced into the c p s .
Comparability was further affected in December 1971,
when a question relating to major activity or duties
was added to the monthly c p s questionnaire in order
to determine more precisely the occupational classifi
cation of individuals. As a result of these changes,
meaningful comparisons of occupational employment
levels could not be made between 1971-72 and prior
years nor between those 2 years. Unemployment rates
were not significantly affected. For a futher explana
tion of the changes in the occupational classification
system, see “Revisions in Occupational Classification
for 1971” and “Revisions in the Current Population
Survey” in the February 1971 and February 1972
issues, respectively, of Employment and Earnings.
Beginning in January 1983, the occupational and in
dustrial classification systems used in the 1980 census
were introduced into the c p s . These systems differ
from those developed for the 1970 census which were
used in the c p s from January 1971 through December
1982. While this conversion had little effect on indus
try-related data, the new occupational categories are
so radically different that their implementation repre
sents a break in historical data series.
Additional information on the 1980 census occupa
tional and industrial classification systems appears in
“Revisions in the Current Population Survey Begin
ning in January 1983” in the February 1983 issue of
Employment and Earnings.
Labor Force, Employment, and
Unemployment in States and Areas
(C o v e r s tables 4 2 -4 4 )
Data on the labor force, employment, and unem
ployment in State and sub-State areas are available
from two major sources—the Current Population
Survey ( c p s ) and the Federal-State Cooperative Pro
gram. This publication presents data from the c p s for
regions and States. It provides annual averages for the
employed and the unemployed by selected demo
graphic characteristics based on population counts
projected from the 1980 decennial census.
The official Bureau of Labor Statistics estimates for
States, metropolitan areas, and central cities, which
are the basis for determining the eligibility of an area
for benefits under Federal economic assistance pro
grams, result from the Federal-State Cooperative Pro
gram. BLS is responsible for establishing the estimat
ing procedures; the State employment security agen
cies are responsible for developing the estimates. For
all States, and the District of Columbia, the official
annual average estimates are obtained directly from
the c p s .
Sampling variability
Statistics derived from the c p s are subject to sam
pling error; that is, the estimates of employment, un
employment, and other labor force measures may
differ from the figures that would be obtained if it
5
Table 1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, 1950-82
[Numbers in thousands]
Year and sex
Noninstitu
tional
population
Labor force
3$ 1
Number
P^rc&nt
of
popula
tion
Employed
Total
Unemployed
Civilian
Percent
of
popula
tion
Resident
Armed
Forces
Total
Agricul
ture
Nonagricultural
industries
Num
ber
Percent
of labor
force
Not in
labor
force
TO TA L
1950..............................
1951 ..............................
1952..............................
1 9 5 3 '............................
1954..............................
106,164
106,764
107,617
109,287
110,463
63,377
64,160
64,524
65,246
65,785
59.7
60.1
60.0
59.7
59.6
60,087
62,104
62,636
63,410
62,251
56.6
58.2
58.2
58.0
56.4
1,169
2,143
2,386
2,231
2,142
58,918
59,961
60,250
61,179
60,109
7,160
6,726
6,500
6,260
6,205
51,758
53,235
53,749
54,919
53,904
3,288
2,055
1,883
1,834
3,532
5.2
3.2
2.9
2.8
5.4
42,787
42,604
43,093
44,041
44,678
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
111,747
112,919
114,213
115,574
117,117
67,087
68,517
68,877
69,486
70,157
60.0
60.7
60.3
60.1
59.9
64,234
65,764
66,019
64,883
66,418
57.5
58.2
57.8
56.1
56.7
2,064
1,965
1,948
1,847
1,788
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630
6,450
6,283
5,947
5,586
5,565
55,722
57,514
58,123
57,450
59,065
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740
4.3
4.0
4.2
6.6
5.3
44,660
44,402
45,336
46,088
46,960
I 9 6 0 '............................
1961 ..............................
1962 1............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
119,106
120,671
122,214
124,422
126,503
71,489
72,359
72,675
73,839
75,109
60.0
60.0
59.5
59.3
59.4
67,639
67,646
68,763
69,768
71,323
56.8
56.1
56.3
56.1
56.4
1,861
1,900
2,061
2,006
2,018
65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
5,458
5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
5.4
6.5
5.4
5.5
5.0
47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
128,459
130,180
132,092
134,281
136,573
76,401
77,892
79,565
80,990
82,972
59.5
59.8
60.2
60.3
60.8
73,034
75,017
76,590
78,173
80,140
56.9
57.6
58.0
58.2
58.7
1,946
2,122
2,218
2,253
2,238
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832
4.4
3.7
3.7
3.5
3.4
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972 1............................
19731............................
1974..............................
139,203
142,189
145,939
148,870
151,841
84,889
86,355
88,847
91,203
93,670
61.0
60.7
60.9
61.3
61.7
80,796
81,340
83,966
86,838
88,515
58.0
57.2
57.5
58.3
58.3
2,118
1,973
1,813
1,774
1,721
78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
3,463
3,394
3,484
3,470
3,515
75,215
75,972
78,669
81,594
83,279
4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
4.8
5.8
5.5
4.8
5.5
54,315
55,834
57,091
57,667
58,171
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1............................
1979..............................
154,831
157,818
160,689
163,541
166,460
95,453
97,826
100,665
103,882
106,559
61.6
62.0
62.6
63.5
64.0
87,524
90,420
93,673
97,679
100,421
56.5
57.3
58.3
59.7
60.3
1,678
1,668
1,656
1,631
1,597
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824
3,408
3,331
3,283
3,387
3,347
82,438
85,421
88,734
92,661
95,477
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137
8.3
7.6
6.9
6.0
5.8
59,377
59,991
60,025
59,659
59,900
1980..............................
1981 ..............................
1982..............................
169,349
171,775
173,939
108,544
110,315
111,872
64.1
64.2
64.3
100,907
102,042
101,194
59.6
59.4
58.2
1,604
1,645
1,668
99,303
100,397
99,526
3,364
3,368
3,401
95,938
97,030
96,125
7,637
8,273
10,678
7.0
7.5
9.5
60,806
61,460
62,067
1950..............................
1951 ..............................
1952..............................
1953 1............................
1954..............................
51,875
51,839
52,048
52,945
53,503
44,969
45,113
45,217
45,828
46,073
86.7
87.0
86.9
86.6
86.1
42,728
43,892
44,030
44,625
43,727
82.4
84.7
84.6
84.3
81.7
1,150
2,112
2,348
2,195
2,108
41,578
41,780
41,682
42,430
41,619
6,002
5,534
5,390
5,253
5,200
35,576
36,246
36,293
37,177
36,418
2,239
1,221
1,185
1,202
2,344
5.0
2.7
2.6
2.6
5.1
6,906
6,725
6,832
7,117
7,431
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
54,142
54,659
55,236
55,853
56,554
46,508
47,027
47,118
47,341
47,647
85.9
86.0
85.3
84.8
84.3
44,654
45,315
45,278
44,243
45,227
82.5
82.9
82.0
79.2
80.0
2,033
1,936
1,921
1,820
1,761
42,621
43,379
43,357
42,423
43,466
5,265
5,040
4,824
4,596
4,532
37,356
38,339
38,532
37,827
38,934
1,854
1,711
1,841
3,098
2,420
4.0
3.6
3.9
6.5
5.1
7,634
7,633
8,118
8,514
8,907
1960 1............................
1961 ..............................
1962 1............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
57,495
58,158
58,862
59,900
60,838
48,221
48,525
48,631
49,108
49,670
83.9
83.4
82.6
82.0
81.6
45,737
45,528
46,208
46,636
47,465
79.5
78.3
78.5
77.9
78.0
1,833
1,872
2,031
1,979
1,991
43,904
43,656
44,177
44,657
45,474
4,472
4,298
4,069
3,809
3,691
39,431
39,359
40,108
40,849
41,782
2,486
2,997
2,423
2,472
2,205
5.2
6.2
5.0
5.0
4.4
9,274
9,633
10,231
10,792
11,169
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
61,702
62,355
63,091
64,066
65,102
50,175
50,564
51,173
51,752
52,425
81.3
81.1
81.1
80.8
80.5
48,260
49,012
49,665
50,333
51,022
78.2
78.6
78.7
78.6
78.4
1,920
2,093
2,186
2,219
2,204
46,340
46,919
47,479
48,114
48,818
3,547
3,243
3,164
3,157
2,963
42,792
43,675
44,315
44,957
45,855
1,914
1,551
1,508
1,419
1,403
3.8
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.7
11,527
11,792
11,919
12,315
12,677
Men
See footnote at end of table.
6
Table 1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, 1950-82—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Labor force
Unemployed
Employed
Year and sex
Noninstitu
tional
population
Number
Percent
of
popula
tion
Total
Civilian
Percent
of
popula
tion
Resident
Armed
Forces
Total
Agricul
ture
Nonagricultural
industries
Num
ber
Percent
of labor
force
Not in
labor
force
M en— C ontinued
1970..............................
1971..............................
19721............................
1973 1............................
1974..............................
66,385
67,875
69,607
71,017
72,466
53,309
54,113
55,327
56,349
57,397
80.3
79.7
79.5
79.3
79.2
51,071
51,323
52,668
54,074
54,682
76.9
75.6
75.7
76.1
75.5
2,081
1,933
1,772
1,725
1,658
48,990
49,390
50,896
52,349
53,024
2,862
2,795
2,849
2,847
2,919
46,128
46,595
48,047
49,502
50,105
2,238
2,789
2,659
2,275
2,714
4.2
5.2
4.8
4.0
4.7
13,076
13,762
14,280
14,667
15,069
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1............................
1979..............................
73,891
75,341
76,756
78,107
79,509
57,899
58,756
59,959
61,151
62,215
78.4
78.0
78.1
78.3
78.2
53,457
54,720
56,291
58,010
59,096
72.3
72.6
73.3
74.3
74.3
1,600
1,582
1,563
1,531
1,489
51,857
53,138
54,728
56,479
57,607
2,824
2,744
2,671
2,718
2,686
49,032
50,394
52,057
53,761
54,921
4,442
4,036
3,667
3,142
3,120
7.7
6.9
6.1
5.1
5.0
15,993
16,585
16,797
16,956
17,293
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
80,877
82,023
83,052
62,932
63,486
63,979
77.8
77.4
77.0
58,665
58,909
57,800
72.5
71.8
69.6
1,479
1,512
1,529
57,186
57,397
56,271
2,709
2,700
2,736
54,477
54,697
53,534
4,267
4,577
6,179
6.8
7.2
9.7
17,945
18,537
19,073
1950..............................
1951..............................
1952..............................
1953 1...........................
1954..............................
54,289
54,926
55,567
56,341
56,958
18,408
19,047
19,307
19,418
19,711
33.9
34.7
34.7
34.5
34.6
17,359
18,212
18,606
18,785
18,523
32.0
33.2
33.5
33.3
32.5
19
31
38
36
33
17,340
18,181
18,568
18,749
18,490
1,159
1,193
1,111
1,006
1,006
16,181
16,988
17,458
17,743
17,486
1,049
834
698
632
1,188
5.7
4.4
3.6
3.3
6.0
35,881
35,879
36,261
36,924
37,247
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
57,605
58,256
58,978
59,717
60,561
20,579
21,489
21,759
22,145
22,510
35.7
36.9
36.9
37.1
37.2
19,582
20,447
20,741
20,640
21,191
34.0
35.1
35.2
34.6
35.0
31
28
27
27
27
19,551
20,419
20,714
20,613
21,164
1,184
1,244
1,123
990
1,033
18,366
19,175
19,591
19,623
20,131
998
1,039
1,018
1,504
1,320
4.8
4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9
37,026
36,769
37,218
37,574
38,053
1960 1 ...........................
1961..............................
1962 1 ...........................
1963..............................
1964..............................
61,610
62,513
63,350
64,521
65,664
23,268
23,835
24,043
24,731
25,439
37.8
38.1
38.0
38.3
38.7
21,902
22,119
22,554
23,132
23,858
35.5
35.4
35.6
35.9
36.3
28
29
29
27
27
21,874
22,090
22,525
23,105
23,831
986
902
875
878
832
20,887
21,187
21,651
22,227
23,000
1,366
1,717
1,488
1,598
1,581
5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
38,343
38,679
39,308
39,791
40,225
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
66,758
67,825
69,000
70,213
71,470
26,227
27,329
28,392
29,238
30,547
39.3
40.3
41.1
41.6
42.7
24,775
26,006
26,925
27,841
29,118
37.1
38.3
39.0
39.7
40.7
27
30
32
34
34
24,748
25,976
26,893
27,807
29,084
814
736
680
660
643
23,934
25,240
26,212
27,147
28,441
1,452
1,324
1,468
1,397
1,429
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7
40,531
40,496
49,608
40,976
40,924
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972 1 ...........................
1973 1...........................
1974..............................
72,819
74,313
76,331
77,853
79,375
31,580
32,241
33,520
34,853
36,274
43.4
43.4
43.9
44.8
45.7
29,725
30,015
31,298
32,764
33,832
40.8
40.4
41.0
42.1
42.6
37
39
41
49
63
29,688
29,976
31,257
32,715
33,769
601
599
635
622
596
29,087
29,377
30,622
32,093
33,173
1,855
2,227
2,222
2,089
2,441
5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
41,239
42,072
42,811
43,000
43,101
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1 ...........................
1979..............................
80,938
82,476
83,932
85,434
86,951
37,553
39,069
40,705
42,731
44,343
46.4
47.4
48.5
50.0
51.0
34,067
35,701
37,381
39,669
41,325
42.1
43.3
44.5
46.4
47.5
78
86
92
100
108
33,989
35,615
37,289
39,569
41,217
584
588
612
669
661
33,404
35,027
36,677
38,900
40,556
3,486
3,369
3,324
3,061
3,018
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8
43,386
43,406
43,227
42,703
42,608
1980..............................
1981.............................
1982..............................
88,472
89,751
90,887
45,611
46,829
47,894
51.6
52.2
52.7
42,241
43,133
43,395
47.7
48.1
47.7
124
133
139
42,117
43,000
43,256
656
667
665
41,461
42,333
42,591
3,370
3,696
4,499
7.4
7.9
9.4
42,861
42,922
42,993
W om en
1 Not strictly comparable with data for prior years. For a further explana
tion, see the Technical Note on the Current Population Survey.
7
Table 2. Civilian noninstitutional population by sex, race, and age, 1948-82
[In thousands]
Year, sex, and race
mm
arp over
16 to 19 years
Total
20 years and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
TO TA L
1948..............................
1949..............................
103,068
103,994
8,449
8,215
4,265
4,139
4,185
4,079
94,618
95,778
11,530
11,312
22,610
22,822
20,097
20,401
16,771
17,002
12,885
13,201
10,720
11,035
1950..............................
1951..............................
1952..............................
1953 1............................
1954..............................
104,995
104,621
105,231
107,056
108,321
8,143
7,865
7,922
8,014
8,224
4,076
4,096
4,234
4,241
4,336
4,068
3,771
3,689
3,773
3,889
96,851
96,755
97,305
99,041
100,095
11,080
10,167
9,389
8,960
8,885
23,013
22,843
23,044
23,266
23,304
20,681
20,863
21,137
21,922
22,135
17,240
17,464
17,716
17,991
18,305
13,469
13,692
13,889
13,830
14,085
11,363
11,724
12,126
13,075
13,375
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
109,683
110,954
112,265
113,727
115,329
8,364
8,434
8,612
8,986
9,618
4,440
4,482
4,587
4,872
5,337
3,925
3,953
4,026
4,114
4,282
101,318
102,518
103,653
104,737
105,711
9,036
9,271
9,486
9,733
9,975
23,249
23,072
22,849
22,563
22,201
22,348
22,567
22,786
23,025
23,207
18,643
19,012
19,424
19,832
20,203
14,309
14,516
14,727
14,923
15,134
13,728
14,075
14,376
14,657
14,985
I9 6 0 1............................
1961..............................
1962 1............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
117,245
118,771
120,153
122,416
124,485
10,187
10,513
10,652
11,370
12,111
5,573
5,462
5,503
6,301
6,974
4,615
5,052
5,150
5,070
5,139
107,056
108,255
109,500
111,045
112,372
10,273
10,583
10,852
11,464
12,017
21,998
21,829
21,503
21,400
21,367
23,437
23,585
23,797
23,948
23,940
20,601
20,893
20,916
21,144
21,452
15,409
15,675
15,874
16,138
16,442
15,336
15,685
16,554
16,945
17,150
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
126,513
128,058
129,874
132,028
134,335
12,930
13,592
13,480
13,698
14,095
6,936
6,914
7,003
7,200
7,422
5,995
6,679
6,480
6,499
6,673
113,582
114,463
116,391
118,328
120,238
12,442
12,638
13,421
13,891
14,488
21,417
21,543
22,057
22,912
23,645
23,832
23,579
23,313
23,036
22,709
21,728
21,977
22,256
22,534
22,806
16,727
17,007
17,310
17,614
17,930
17,432
17,715
18,029
18,338
18,657
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972 1............................
1973 1............................
1974..............................
137,085
140,216
144,126
147,096
150,120
14,519
15,022
15,510
15,840
16,180
7,643
7,849
8,076
8,227
8,373
6,876
7,173
7,435
7,613
7,809
122,566
125,193
128,614
131,253
133,938
15,323
16,345
17,143
17,692
17,994
24,435
25,337
26,740
28,172
29,439
22,489
22,274
22,358
22,287
22,461
23,059
23,244
23,338
23,431
23,578
18,250
18,581
19,007
19,281
19,517
19,007
19,406
20,023
20,389
20,945
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1............................
1979..............................
153,153
156,150
159,033
161,910
164,863
16,418
16,614
16,688
16,695
16,657
8,419
8,442
8,482
8,484
8,389
7,999
8,171
8,206
8,211
8,268
136,733
139,536
142,345
145,216
148,205
18,595
19,109
19,582
20,007
20,353
30,710
31,953
33,117
34,091
35,261
22,526
22,796
23,296
24,099
24,861
23,535
23,409
23,197
22,977
22,752
19,844
20,185
20,557
20,875
21,210
21,525
22,083
22,597
23,166
23,767
1980..............................
1981 ..............................
1982..............................
167,745
170,130
172,271
16,543
16,214
15,763
8,279
8,068
7,714
8,264
8,145
8,049
151,202
153,916
156,508
20,635
20,820
20,845
36,558
37,777
38,492
25,578
26,291
27,611
22,563
22,422
22,264
21,520
21,756
21,909
24,350
24,850
25,387
1948..............................
1949..............................
49,996
50,321
4,078
3,946
2,128
2,062
1,951
,1,884
45,918
46,378
5,527
5,405
10,767
10,871
9,798
9,926
8,290
8,379
6,441
6,568
5,093
5,226
1950..............................
1951 ..............................
1952..............................
1953 1...........................
1954..............................
50,725
49,727
49,700
50,750
51,395
3,962
3,725
3,767
3,823
3,953
2,043
2,039
2,121
2,122
2,174
1,920
1,687
1,647
1,701
1,780
46,763
46,001
45,932
46,927
47,441
5,270
4,451
3,788
3,482
3,509
10,963
10,709
10,855
11,020
11,067
10,034
10,049
10,164
10,632
10,718
8,472
8,551
8,655
8,878
9,018
6,664
6,737
6,798
6,798
6,885
5,357
5,503
5,670
6,119
6,241
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
52,109
52,723
53,315
54,033
54,793
4,022
4,020
4,083
4,293
4,652
2,225
2,238
2,284
2,435
2,681
1,798
1,783
1,800
1,858
1,971
48,086
43,704
49,231
49.740
50,140
3,708
3,970
4,166
4,339
4,488
11,068
10,983
10,889
10,787
10,625
10,804
10,889
10,965
11,076
11,149
9,164
9,322
9,499
9,675
9,832
6,960
7,032
7,109
7,179
7,259
6,380
6,505
6,602
6,683
6,785
1960 1 ...........................
1961..............................
1962 1 ...........................
1963..............................
1964..............................
55,662
56,286
56,831
57,921
58,847
4,963
5,112
5,150
5,496
5,866
2,805
2,742
2,764
3,162
3,503
2,159
2,371
2,386
2,334
2,364
50,698
51,173
51,681
52,425
52,981
4,679
4,844
4,925
5,240
5,520
10,514
10,440
10,207
10,165
10,144
11,230
11.286
11,389
11,476
11,466
10,000
10,112
10,162
10,274
10,402
7,373
7,483
7,610
7,740
7,873
6,901
7,006
7,386
7,526
7,574
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
59,782
60,262
60,905
61,847
62,898
6,318
6,658
6,537
6,683
6,928
3,488
3,478
3,528
3,634
3,741
2,831
3,180
3,010
3,049
3,187
53,463
53,603
54,367
55,165
55,969
5,701
5,663
5,977
6,127
6,379
10,182
10,224
10,495
10,944
11,309
11,427
11,294
11,161
11,040
10,890
10,512
10,598
10,705
10,819 !
10,935
7,990
8,099
8,218
8,336
8,464
7,649
7,723
7,809
7,897
7,990
Men
See footnote at end of table.
8
Table 2. Civilian noninstitutional population by sex, race, and age, 1948-82—Continued
[In thousands]
Year, sex, and race
16 years
and over
16 to 19 years
Total
20 years and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
Men— Continued
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972 1 ...........................
1973 1 ...........................
1974..............................
64,304
65,942
67,835
69,292
70,808
7,145
7,430
7,705
7,855
8,012
3,848
3,954
4,081
4,152
4,231
3,299
3,477
3,624
3,703
3,781
57,157
58,511
60,130
61,436
62,796
6,861
7,511
8,061
8,429
8,600
11,750
12,227
12,911
13,641
14,262
10,810
10,721
10,762
10,746
10,834
11,052
11,129
11,167
11,202
11,315
8,590
8,711
8,895
8,990
9,140
8,093
8,208
8,330
8,426
8,641
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1 ...........................
1979..............................
72,291
73,759
75,193
76,576
78,020
8,134
8,244
8,288
8,309
8,310
4,252
4,266
4,290
4,295
4,251
3,882
3,978
4,000
4,014
4,060
64,158
65,515
66,904
68,268
69,709
8,950
9,237
9,477
9,693
9,873
14,899
15,528
16,108
16,598
17,193
10,874
11,010
11,260
11,665
12,046
11,298
11,243
11,144
11,045
10,944
9,286
9,444
9,616
9,758
9,907
8,852
9,053
9,297
9,509
9,746
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
79,398
80,511
81,523
8,260
8,092
7,879
4,195
4,087
3,911
4,064
4,005
3,968
71,138
72,419
73,644
10,023
10,116
10,136
17,833
18,427
18,787
12,400
12,758
13,410
10,861
10,797
10,726
10,042
10,151
10,215
9,979
10,170
10,371
1948..............................
1949..............................
53,071
53,670
4,371
4,269
2,137
2,077
2,234
2,195
48,700
49,400
6,003
5,907
11,843
11,951
10,299
10,475
8,481
8,623
6,444
6,633
5,627
5,809
1950..............................
1951..............................
1952..............................
1953 1............................
1954..............................
54,270
54,895
55,529
56,305
56,925
4,181
4,140
4,155
4,191
4,271
2,033
2,057
2,113
2,119
2,162
2,148
2,084
2,042
2,072
2,109
50,088
50,754
51,373
52,114
52,654
5,810
5,716
5,601
5,478
5,376
12,050
12,134
12,189
12,246
12,237
10,647
10,814
10,973
11,290
11,417
8,768
8,913
9,061
9,113
9,287
6,805
6,955
7,091
7,032
7,200
6,006
6,221
6,456
6,956
7,134
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
57,574
58,228
58,951
59,690
60,534
4,342
4,414
4,529
4,693
4,966
2,215
2,244
2,303
2,437
2,656
2,127
2,170
2,226
2,256
2,311
53,232
53,814
54,421
54,997
55,570
5,328
5,301
5,320
5,394
5,487
12,181
12,089
11,960
11,776
11,576
11,544
11,678
11,821
11,949
12,058
9,479
9,690
9,925
10,157
10,371
7,349
7,484
7,618
7,744
7,875
7,348
7,570
7,774
7,974
8,200
I9 6 0 1............................
1961..............................
1962 1............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
61,582
62,484
63,321
64,494
65,637
5,224
5,401
5,502
5,874
6,245
2,768
2,720
2,739
3,139
3,471
2,456
2,681
2,764
2,736
2,775
56,358
57,082
57,819
58,620
59,391
5,594
5,739
5,927
6,224
6,497
11,484
11,389
11,296
11,235
11,223
12,207
12,299
12,408
12,472
12,474
10,601
10,781
10,754
10,870
11,050
8,036
8,192
8,264
8,398
8,569
8,435
8,679
9,168
9,419
9,576
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
66,731
67,795
68,968
70,179
71,436
6,612
6,934
6,943
7,015
7,167
3,448
3,436
3,475
3,566
3,681
3,164
3,499
3,470
3,450
3,486
60,119
60,860
62,026
63,164
64,269
6,741
6,975
7,445
7,764
8,109
11,235
11,319
11,562
11,968
12,336
12,405
12,285
12,152
11,996
11,819
11,216
11,379
11,551
11,715
11,871
8,737
8,908
9,092
9,278
9,466
9,783
9,992
10,220
10,441
10,667
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972 1............................
1973*............................
1974..............................
72,782
74,274
76,290
77,804
79,312
7,373
7,591
7,805
7,985
8,168
3,796
3,895
3,994
4,076
4,142
3,578
3,697
3,811
3,909
4,028
65,408
66,682
68,484
69,819
71,144
8,462
8,834
9,082
9,263
9,393
12,684
13,110
13,829
14,531
15,177
11,679
11,553
11,597
11,541
11,627
12,008
12,115
12,171
12,229
12,263
9,659
9,870
10,113
10,290
10,377
10,914
11,198
11,693
11,963
12,304
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978*............................
1979..............................
80,860
82,390
83,840
85,334
86,843
8,285
8,370
8,400
8,386
8,347
4,168
4,176
4,193
4,189
4,139
4,117
4,194
4,206
4,197
4,208
72,576
74,020
75,441
76,948
78,496
9,645
9,872
10,103
10,315
10,480
15,811
16,425
17,008
17,493
18,070
11,652
11,786
12,036
12,435
12,815
12,237
12,166
12,053
11,932
11,808
10,558
10,742
10,940
11,118
11,303
12,673
13,030
13,300
13,658
14,021
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
88,348
89,618
90,748
8,283
8,121
7,884
4,083
3,981
3,804
4,200
4,140
4,081
80,065
81,497
82,864
10,612
10,705
10,709
18,725
19,350
19,705
13,177
13,533
14,201
11,701
11,625
11,538
11,478
11,605
11,694
14,372
14,680
15,017
1954..............................
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
97,705
98,880
99,976
101,119
102,392
103,803
7,180
7,292
7,346
7,505
7,843
8,430
3,786
3,874
3,908
4,007
4,271
4,707
3,394
3,419
3,438
3,498
3,573
3,725
90,524
91,586
92,629
93,612
94,547
95,370
7,794
7,912
8,106
8,293
8,498
8,697
20,818
20,742
20,564
20,342
20,063
19,715
19,915
20,110
20,314
20,514
20,734
20,893
16,569
16,869
17,198
17,562
17,924
18,257
12,993
13,169
13,341
13,518
13,681
13,858
12,438
12,785
13,105
13,383
13,645
13,951
1960 1 ...........................
1961 ..............................
1962 1 ...........................
1963..............................
1964..............................
105,282
106,604
107,715
109,705
111,534
8,924
9,211
9,343
9,978
10,616
4,909
4,785
4,818
5,549
6,137
4,016
4,427
4,526
4,430
4,481
96,355
97,390
98,371
99,725
100,916
8,927
9,203
9,484
10,069
10,568
19,470
19,289
18,974
18,867
18,838
21,049
21,169
21,293
21,398
21,375
18,578
18,845
18,872
19,082
19,360
14,070
14,304
14,450
14,681
14,957
14,260
14,581
15,297
15,629
15,816
W om en
W H ITE
See footnote at end of table.
9
Table 2. Civilian noninstitutional population by sex, race, and age, 1948-82—Continued
[In thousands]
Year, sex, and race
16 years
and over
16 to 19 years
Total
20 years and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
W H ITE -C ontinued
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
113,284
114,566
116,100
117,948
119,913
11,319
11,862
11,682
11,840
12,179
6,049
5,993
6,051
6,225
6,418
5,271
5,870
5,632
5,616
5,761
101,963
102,702
104,396
106,107
107,733
10,935
11,094
11,797
12,184
12,677
18,882
18,989
19,464
20,245
20,892
21,258
21,005
20,745
20,474
20,156
19,604
19,822
20,067
20,310
20,546
15,215
15,469
15,745
16,018
16,305
16,070
16,322
16,602
16,875
17,156
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972 1 ...........................
1973 1 ...........................
1974..............................
122,174
124,758
127,906
130,097
132,417
12,521
12,937
13,301
13,533
13,784
6,591
6,750
6,910
7,021
7,114
5,931
6,189
6,392
6,512
c 671
109,652
111,821
114,603
116,563
118,632
13,359
14,208
14,897
15,264
15,502
21,546
22,295
23,555
24,685
25,711
19,929
19,694
19,673
19,532
19,628
20,760
20,907
20,950
20,991
21,061
16,591
16,884
17,250
17,484
17,645
17,469
17,833
18,278
18,607
19,085
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1 ...........................
1979..............................
134,790
137,106
139,380
141,612
143,894
13,941
14,055
14,095
14,060
13,994
7,132
7,125
7,150
7,132
7,029
6,808
6,930
6,944
6,928
6,964
120,849
123,050
125,285
127,552
129,900
15,980
16,368
16,728
17,038
17,284
26,746
27,757
28,703
29,453
30,371
19,641
19,827
20,231
20,932
21,579
20,981
20,816
20,575
20,322
20,058
17,918
18,220
18,540
18,799
19,071
19,587
20,064
20,508
21,007
21,538
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
146,122
147,908
149,441
13,854
13,516
13,076
6,912
6,704
6,383
6,943
6,813
6,693
132,268
134,392
136,366
17,484
17,609
18,579
31,407
32,367
32,863
22,174
22,778
23,910
19,837
19,666
19,478
19,316
19,485
19,591
22,050
22,487
22,945
1954..............................
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
46,462
47,076
47,602
48,119
48,745
49,408
3,455
3,507
3,500
3,556
3,747
4,079
1,902
1,345
1,955
2,000
2,140
2,370
1,553
1,563
1,546
1,557
1,607
1,710
43,007
43,569
44,102
44,563
44,998
45,329
3,074
3,241
3,464
3,638
3,783
3,903
9,948
9,936
9,851
9,758
9,656
9,499
9,688
9,768
9,848
9,917
10,018
10,081
8,172
8,303
8,446
8,605
8,765
8,909
6,341
6,398
6,455
6,518
6,574
6,639
5,787
5,923
6,038
6,127
6,203
6,298
1960 1 ...........................
1961..............................
1962 1 ...........................
1963..............................
1964..............................
50,065
50,608
51,054
52,031
52,869
4,349
4,479
4,520
4,827
5,148
2,476
2,407
2,426
2,792
3,090
1,874
2,073
2,094
2,036
2,059
45,716
46,129
46,534
47,204
47,721
4,054
4,204
4,306
4,610
4,862
9,373
9,290
9,080
9,039
9,024
10,131
10,178
10,239
10,309
10,301
9,042
9,148
9,191
9,297
9,417
6,721
6,819
6,917
7,031
7,153
6,395
6,490
6,801
6,919
6,963
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
53,681
54,061
54,608
55,434
56,348
5,541
5,820
5,671
5,787
6,005
3,050
3,023
3,058
3,153
3,246
2,492
2,798
2,613
2,635
2,759
48,140
48,241
48,937
49,647
50,343
5,017
4,974
5,257
5,376
5,589
9,056
9,085
9,339
9,752
10,074
10,262
10,136
10,013
9,902
9,760
9,516
9,592
9,688
9,790
9,895
7,261
7,362
7,474
7,585
7,705
7,028
7,092
7,167
7,242
7,320
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972 1 ...........................
1973 1 ...........................
1974..............................
57,516
58,900
60,473
61,577
62,791
6,179
6,420
6,627
6,737
6,851
3,329
3,412
3,503
3,555
3,604
2,851
3,008
3,125
3,182
3,247
51,336
52,481
53,845
54,842
55,942
5,988
6,546
7,042
7,312
7,476
10,441
10,841
11,495
12,075
12,599
9,678
9,578
9,568
9,514
9,564
9,999
10,066
10,078
10,099
10,165
7,822
7,933
8,089
8,178
8,288
7,409
7,517
7,573
7,664
7,849
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1...........................
1979..............................
63,981
65,132
66,301
67,401
68,547
6,929
6,993
7,024
7,022
7,007
3,609
3,609
3,625
3,619
3,568
3,320
3,384
3,399
3,404
3,439
57,052
58,138
59,278
60,378
61,540
7,766
7,987
8,175
8,335
8,470
13,131
13,655
14,139
14,528
15,008
9,578
9,674
9,880
10,236
10,563
10,134
10,063
9,957
9,845
9,730
8,413
8,556
8,708
8,826
8,949
8,031
8,203
8,420
8,608
8,820
1980..............................
1981 ..............................
1982..............................
69,634
70,480
71,211
6,941
6,764
6,556
3,508
3,401
3,249
3,433
3,363
3,307
62,694
63,715
64,655
8,581
8,644
8,621
15,529
16,005
16,260
10,863
11,171
11,756
9,636
9,560
9,463
9,059
9,139
9,188
9,027
9,195
9,367
1954..............................
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
51,242
51,802
52,373
52,998
53,645
54,392
3,725
3,785
3,846
3,949
4,096
4,351
1,884
1,929
1,953
2,007
2,131
2,337
1,841
1,856
1,892
1,941
1,966
2,015
47,517
48,017
48,527
49,049
49,549
50,041
4,720
4,671
4,642
4,655
4,715
4,794
10,870
10,806
10,713
10,584
10,407
10,216
10,227
10,342
10,466
10,597
10,716
10,812
8,397
8,566
8,752
8,957
9,159
9,348
6,652
6,771
6,886
7,000
7,107
7,219
6,651
6,862
7,067
7,256
7,442
7,653
1960 1 ...........................
1961..............................
1962 1 ...........................
1963..............................
1964..............................
55,214
55,993
56,660
57,672
58,663
4,575
4,732
4,823
5,151
5,468
2,433
2,378
2,392
2,757
3,047
2,142
2,354
2,432
2,394
2,422
50,639
51,261
51,837
52,521
53,195
4,873
4,999
5,178
5,459
5,706
10,097
9,999
9,894
9,828
9,814
10,918
10,991
11,054
11,089
11,074
9,536
9,697
9,681
9,785
9,943
7,349
7,485
7,533
7,650
7,804
7,865
8,091
8,496
8,710
8,853
Men
W om en
See footnote at end of table.
10
Table 2. Civilian noninstitutional population by sex, race, and age, 1948-82—Continued
[In thousands]
Year, sex, and race
16 years
and over
16 to 19 years
Total
20 years and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
W om en— C ontinued
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
59,601
60,503
61,470
62,512
63,563
5,778
6,042
6,011
6,053
6,174
2,999
2,970
2,993
3,072
3,172
2,779
3,072
3,019
2,981
3,002
53,823
54,461
55,459
56,460
57,390
5,918
6,120
6,540
6,809
7,089
9,826
9,904
10,125
10,493
10,818
10,996
10,869
10,732
10,572
10,396
10,088
10,230
10,379
10,520
10,651
7,954
8,107
8,271
8,433
8,600
9,042
9,230
9,435
9,633
9,836
1970..............................
1971..............................
1 9 7 2 '............................
1973*............................
1974..............................
64,656
65,857
67,431
68,517
69,623
6,342
6,518
6,673
6,796
6,933
3,262
3,338
3,407
3,466
3,510
3,080
3,180
3,267
3,331
3,424
58,315
59,340
60,758
61,721
62,690
7,370
7,662
7,855
7,951
8,026
11,105
11,454
12,060
12,610
13,112
10,251
10,117
10,105
10,018
10,064
10,761
10,841
10,872
10,891
10,896
8,769
8,951
9,161
9,306
9,356
10,060
10,315
10,705
10,943
11,236
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1............................
1979..............................
70,810
71,974
73,077
74,213
75,347
7,011
7,062
7,071
7,038
6,987
3,523
3,516
3,525
3,513
3,460
3,488
3,546
3,545
3,524
3,527
63,798
64,912
66,007
67,174
68,360
8,214
8,381
8,553
8,704
8,815
13,615
14,102
14,564
14,926
15,363
10,063
10,153
10,351
10,696
11,017
10,847
10,752
10,618
10,476
10,327
9,505
9,664
9,832
9,974
10,122
11,556
11,860
12,088
12,399
12,717
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
76,489
77,428
78,230
6,914
6,752
6,519
3,403
3,303
3,134
3,511
3,449
3,385
69,575
70,677
71,711
8,904
8,965
8,959
15,878
16,362
16,603
11,313
11,606
12,154
10,201
10,106
10,015
10,256
10,346
10,402
13,022
13,292
13,579
1972..............................
1973 1............................
1974..............................
14,526
14,917
15,336
2,018
2,095
2,137
1,061
1,095
1,122
956
1,000
1,014
12,508
12,823
13,199
2,027
2,132
2,137
2,809
2,957
3,103
2,329
2,333
2,382
2,139
2,156
2,202
1,601
1,616
1,679
1,605
1,628
1,689
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1............................
1979..............................
15,751
16,196
16,605
16,970
17,397
2,191
2,264
2,273
2,270
2,276
1,146
1,165
1,175
1,169
1,167
1,046
1,098
1,097
1,101
1,109
13,560
13,932
14,332
14,701
15,121
2,228
2,303
2,400
2,483
2,556
3,258
3,412
3,566
3,717
3,899
2,395
2,435
2,493
2,547
2,615
2,211
2,220
2,225
2,226
2,240
1,717
1,736
1,765
1,794
1,831
1,755
1,826
1,883
1,932
1,980
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
17,824
18,219
18,585
2,289
2,288
2,252
1,171
1,161
1,119
1,119
1,127
1,134
15,535
15,931
16,332
2,606
2,642
2,697
4,095
4,290
4,438
2,687
2,758
2,887
2,249
2,260
2,263
1,870
1,913
1,935
2,030
2,069
2,113
1972..............................
1973 1............................
1974..............................
6,538
6,704
6,875
978
1,007
1,027
525
539
554
453
468
471
5,559
5,697
5,848
921
979
956
1,251
1,327
1,381
1,026
1,027
1,055
963
962
997
720
718
753
679
684
707
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1............................
1979..............................
7,060
7,265
7,431
7,577
7,761
1,051
1,099
1,102
1,093
1,100
565
579
586
579
581
486
518
516
514
519
6,009
6,167
6,329
6,484
6,661
1,002
1,036
1,080
1,120
1,151
1,452
1,521
1,589
1,657
1,738
1,060
1,077
1,102
1,128
1,159
997
999
998
995
998
769
774
786
794
809
730
756
774
789
804
1980..............................
1981 ..............................
1982..............................
7,944
8,117
8,284
1,110
1,110
1,098
583
577
556
526
534
542
6,834
7,007
7,186
1,171
1,189
1,224
1,828
1,914
1,983
1,191
1,224
1,282
999
1,003
1,003
825
844
848
822
835
846
1972..............................
19731............................
1974..............................
7,988
8,214
8,462
1,040
1,088
1,110
536
556
567
503
532
542
6,948
7,126
7,352
1,106
1,153
1,181
1,558
1,631
1,723
1,302
1,306
1,327
1,176
1,194
1,206
881
898
926
925
944
981
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1............................
1979..............................
8,691
8,931
9,174
9,394
9,636
1,141
1,165
1,171
1,177
1,176
581
585
590
589
586
560
580
581
588
589
7,550
7,765
8,003
8,217
8,460
1,226
1,266
1,320
1,363
1,405
1,806
1,890
1,978
2,061
2,160
1,334
1,357
1,390
1,419
1,455
1,213
1,220
1,228
1,231
1,242
948
962
979
999
1,022
1,025
1,070
1,108
1,143
1,176
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
9,880
10,102
10,300
1,180
1,178
1,155
587
584
563
593
593
592
8,700
8,924
9,146
1,435
1,453
1,472
2,267
2,376
2,455
1,496
1,534
1,605
1,250
1,257
1,260
1,045
1,069
1,087
1,208
1,234
1,267
BLACK
Men
W om en
1 See footnote 1, table 1.
11
Table 3. Civilian labor force by sex, race, and age, 1948-82
[In thousands]
Year, sex, and race
j'X
to years
andtover
16 to 19 years
Total
20 years and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
TO TA L
1948..............................
1949..............................
60,621
61,286
4,435
4,288
1,780
1,704
2,654
2,583
56,187
57,000
7,392
7,340
14,258
14,415
13,397
13,711
10,914
11,107
7,329
7,426
2,897
3,010
1950..............................
1951..............................
1952..............................
1953 1 ...........................
1954..............................
62,208
62,017
62,138
63,015
63,643
4,216
4,103
4,064
4,027
3,976
1,659
1,743
1,806
1,727
1,643
2,557
2,360
2,257
2,299
2,300
57,994
57,914
58,075
58,989
59,666
7,307
6,594
5,840
5,481
5,475
14,619
14,668
14,904
14,893
14,983
13,954
14,100
14,383
15,099
15,221
11,444
11,739
11,961
12,249
12,524
7,633
7,796
7,980
8,024
8,269
3,036
3,020
3,005
3,236
3,192
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
65,023
66,552
66,929
67,639
68,369
4,092
4,296
4,275
4,260
4,492
1,711
1,878
1,843
1,818
1,971
2,382
2,418
2,433
2,442
2,522
60,931
62,257
62,653
63,377
63,876
5,666
5,940
6,071
6,272
6,413
15,058
14,961
14,826
14,668
14,435
15,400
15,694
15,847
16,028
16,127
12,992
13,407
13,768
14,179
14,518
8,513
8,830
8,853
9,031
9,227
3,305
3,423
3,290
3,199
3,158
1960 1 ...........................
1961..............................
1962 1 ...........................
1963..............................
1964..............................
69,628
70,459
70,614
71,833
73,091
4,841
4,936
4,916
5,139
5,388
2,095
1,984
1,919
2,171
2,449
2,747
2,951
2,997
2,966
2,940
64,788
65,524
65,699
66,695
67,702
6,702
6,950
7,082
7,473
7,963
14,382
14,319
14,023
14,050
14,056
16,269
16,402
16,589
16,788
16,771
14,852
15,071
15,096
15,338
15,637
9,385
9,636
9,757
10,006
10,182
3,195
3,146
3,1*>4
3,041
3,090
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734
5,910
6,558
6,521
6,619
6,970
2,486
2,664
2,734
2,817
3,009
3,425
3,893
3,786
3,803
3,959
68,543
69,219
70,825
72,118
73,763
8,259
8,410
9,010
9,305
9,879
14,233
14,458
15,055
15,708
16,336
16,840
16,738
16,703
16,591
16,458
15,756
15,984
16,172
16,397
16,730
10,350
10,575
10,792
10,964
11,135
3,108
3,053
3,097
3,153
3,227
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972 1...........................
1973 1 ...........................
1974..............................
82,771
84,382
87,034
89,429
91,949
7,249
7,470
8,054
8,507
8,871
3,135
3,192
3,420
3,665
3,810
4,115
4,278
4,636
4,839
5,059
75,521
76,913
78,980
80,924
83,080
10,597
11,331
12,130
12,846
13,314
17,036
17,714
18,960
20,376
21,654
16,437
16,305
16,398
16,492
16,763
16,949
17,024
16,967
16,983
17,131
11,283
11,390
11,412
11,256
11,284
3,222
3,149
3,114
2,974
2,934
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
93,775
96,158
99,009
102,251
104,962
8,870
9,056
9,351
9,652
9,638
3,740
3,767
3,919
4,127
4,079
5,131
5,288
5,431
5,526
5,559
84,904
87,103
89,658
92,598
95,325
13,750
14,284
14,825
15,370
15,769
22,864
24,203
25,500
26,703
27,938
16,903
17,317
17,943
18,821
19,685
17,084
16,982
16,878
16,891
16,897
11,346
11,422
11,577
11,744
11,931
2,956
2,895
2,934
3,070
3,104
1980 .............................
1981 ..............................
1982..............................
106,940
108,670
110,204
9,378
8,988
8,526
3,883
3,647
3,336
5,496
5,340
5,189
97,561
99,682
101,679
15,922
16,099
16,082
29,227
30,392
31,186
20,463
21,211
22,431
16,910
16,970
16,889
11,985
11,969
12,062
3,054
3,042
3,030
1948..............................
1949..............................
43,286
43,498
2,600
2,477
1,109
1,056
1,490
1,420
40,687
41,022
4,673
4,682
10,327
10,418
9,596
9,722
7,943
8,008
5,764
5,748
2,384
2,454
1950..............................
1951 ..............................
1952..............................
19531............................
1954..............................
43,819
43,001
42,869
43,633
43,965
2,504
2,347
2,312
2,320
2,295
1,048
1,081
1,101
1,070
1,023
1,456
1,266
1,210
1,249
1,272
41,316
40,655
40,558
41,315
41,669
4,632
3,935
3,338
3,053
3,051
10,527
10,375
10,585
10,736
10,771
9,793
9,799
9,945
10,437
10,513
8,117
8,205
8,326
8,570
8,702
5,794
5,873
5,949
5,975
6,105
2,453
2,469
2,416
2,543
2,526
1955..............................
1956
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
44,475
45,091
45,197
45,521
45,886
2,369
2,433
2,415
2,428
2,596
1,070
1,142
1,127
1,133
1,206
1,299
1,291
1,289
1,295
1,390
42,106
42,658
42,780
43,092
43,289
3,221
3,485
3,629
3,771
3,940
10,806
10,685
10,571
10,475
10,346
10,595
10,663
10,731
10,843
10,899
8,838
9,002
9,153
9,320
9,438
6,122
6,220
6,222
6,304
6,345
2,526
2,602
2,477
2,378
2,322
I9 6 0 1............................
1961 ..............................
1962 1............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
46,388
46,653
46,600
47,129
47,679
2,787
2,794
2,770
2,907
3,074
1,290
1,210
1,178
1,321
1,499
1,496
1,583
1,592
1,586
1,575
43,603
43,860
43,831
44,222
44,604
4,123
4,253
4,279
4,514
4,754
10,251
10,176
9,920
9,876
9,876
10,967
11,012
11,115
11,187
11,156
9,574
9,668
9,715
9,836
9,956
6,399
6,530
6,560
6,675
6,741
2,287
2,220
2,241
2,135
2,124
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
48,255
48,471
48,987
3,397
3,685
3,634
1,532
1,609
1,658
1,866
2,075
1,976
44,857
44,788
45,354
4,894
4,820
5,043
9,903
9,948
10,207
11,120
10,983
10,859
10,045
10,100
10,189
6,763
6,847
6,937
2,132
2,089
2,118
Men
S e e footnote at end of table.
12
Table 3. Civilian labor force by sex, race, and age, 1948-82—Continued
[In thousands]
Year, sex, and race
16 years
and over
16 to 19 years
Total
20 years and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
M en— C ontinued
1968..............................
1969..............................
49,533
50,221
3,681
3,870
1,687
1,770
1,995
2,100
45,852
46,351
5,070
5,282
10,610
10,941
10,725
10,556
10,267
10,344
7,025
7,058
2,154
2,170
1970..............................
1971..............................
1 9 7 2 '............................
1973 1............................
1974..............................
51,228
52,180
53,555
54,624
55,739
4,008
4,172
4,476
4,693
4,861
1,810
1,856
1,955
2,073
2,138
2,199
2,315
2,522
2,618
2,721
47,220
48,009
49,079
49,932
50,879
5,717
6,233
6,766
7,183
7,387
11,327
11,731
12,350
13,056
13,665
10,469
10,347
10,372
10,338
10,401
10,417
10,451
10,412
10,416
10,431
7,126
7,155
7,155
7,028
7,063
2,165
2,090
2,026
1,913
1,932
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1 9 7 8 '............................
1979..............................
56,299
57,174
58,396
59,620
60,726
4,805
4,886
5,048
5,149
5,111
2,065
2,069
2,155
2,227
2,192
2,740
2,817
2,893
2,923
2,919
51,494
52,288
53,348
54,471
55,615
7,565
7,866
8,109
8,327
8,535
14,192
14,784
15,353
15,814
16,387
10,398
10,500
10,771
11,159
11,531
10,401
10,293
10,158
10,083
10,008
7,023
7,020
7,100
7,151
7,212
1,914
1,826
1,857
1,936
1,943
1980..............................
1981 ..............................
1982..............................
61,453
61,974
62,450
4,999
4,777
4,470
2,102
1,957
1,776
2,897
2,820
2,694
56,455
57,197
57,980
8,607
8,648
8,604
16,971
17,479
17,793
11,836
12,166
12,781
9,905
9,868
9,784
7,242
7,170
7,174
1,893
1,866
1,845
1948..............................
1949..............................
17,335
17,788
1,835
1,811
671
648
1,164
1,163
15,500
15,978
2,719
2,658
3,931
3,997
3,801
3,989
2,971
3,099
1,565
1,678
513
556
1950..............................
1951..............................
1952..............................
1953 1 ...........................
1954..............................
18,389
19,016
19,269
19,382
19,678
1,712
1,756
1,752
1,707
1,681
611
662
705
657
620
1,101
1,094
1,047
1,050
1,028
16,678
17,259
17,517
17,674
17,997
2,675
2,659
2,502
2,428
2,424
4,092
4,293
4,319
4,162
4,212
4,161
4,301
4,438
4,662
4,708
3,327
3,534
3,635
3,679
3,822
1,839
1,923
2,032
2,048
2,164
583
551
589
693
666
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
20,548
21,461
21,732
22,118
22,483
1,723
1,863
1,860
1,832
1,896
641
736
716
685
765
1,083
1,127
1,144
1,147
1,132
18,825
19,599
19,873
20,285
20,587
2,445
2,455
2,442
2,501
2,473
4,252
4,276
4,255
4,193
4,089
4,805
5,031
5,116
5,185
5,228
4,154
4,405
4,615
4,859
5,080
2,391
2,610
2,631
2,727
2,883
779
821
813
821
836
1960 1 ...........................
1961..............................
1962 1 ...........................
1963..............................
1964..............................
23,240
23,806
24,014
24,704
25,412
2,054
2,142
2,146
2,232
2,314
805
774
741
850
950
1,251
1,368
1,405
1,380
1,365
21,185
21,664
21,868
22,473
23,098
2,579
2,697
2,803
2,959
3,209
4,131
4,143
4,103
4,174
4,180
5,302
5,390
5,474
5,601
5,615
5,278
5,403
5,381
5,502
5,681
2,986
3,105
3,198
3,332
3,447
908
926
913
906
966
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
26,200
27,299
28,360
29,204
30,513
2,513
2,873
2,887
2,938
3,100
954
1,055
1,076
1,130
1,239
1,559
1,818
1,810
1,808
1,859
23,686
24,431
25,475
26,266
27,413
3,365
3,590
3,966
4,235
4,597
4,330
4,510
4,848
5,098
5,395
5,720
5,755
5,844
5,866
5,902
5,711
5,884
5,983
6,130
6,386
3,587
3,727
3,855
3,938
4,077
976
964
979
999
1,057
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
31,543
32,202
33,479
34,804
36,211
3,241
3,298
3,578
3,814
4,010
1,325
1,336
1,464
1,592
1,672
1,916
1,963
2,114
2,221
2,338
28,301
28,904
29,901
30,991
32,201
4,880
5,098
5,364
5,663
5,926
5,708
5,983
6,610
7,320
7,989
5,968
5,957
6,027
6,154
6,362
6,532
6,573
6,555
6,567
6,699
4,157
4,234
4,257
4,228
4,221
1,056
1,059
1,089
1,061
1,002
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
37,475
38,983
40,613
42,631
44,235
4,065
4,170
4,303
4,503
4,527
1,674
1,698
1,765
1,900
1,887
2,391
2,470
2,538
2,603
2,639
33,410
34,814
36,310
38,128
39,708
6,185
6,418
6,717
7,043
7,234
8,673
9,419
10,149
10,888
11,551
6,505
6,817
7,171
7,662
8,154
6,683
6,689
6,720
6,807
6,889
4,323
4,402
4,477
4,593
4,719
1,042
1,069
1,078
1,134
1,161
1980..............................
1981 ..............................
1982..............................
45,487
46,696
47,755
4,381
4,211
4,056
1,781
1,691
1,561
2,599
2,520
2,495
41,106
42,485
43,699
7,315
7,451
7,477
12,257
12,912
13,393
8,627
9,045
9,651
7,004
7,101
7,105
4,742
4,799
4,888
1,161
1,176
1,185
1954..............................
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
56,816
58,085
59,428
59,754
60,293
60,952
3,501
3,598
3,771
3,775
3,757
4,000
1,448
1,511
1,656
1,637
1,615
1,775
2,054
2,087
2,113
2,135
2,144
2,225
53,515
54,487
55,657
55,979
56,536
56,952
4,752
4,941
5,194
5,283
5,449
5,544
13,226
13,267
13,154
13,044
12,884
12,670
13,540
13,729
14,000
14,117
14,257
14,355
11,258
11,680
12,061
12,382
12,727
13,048
7,591
7,810
8,080
8,091
8,254
8,411
2,946
3,062
3,166
3,049
2,964
2,925
1960 1 ...........................
1961 ..............................
1962 1...........................
1963..............................
1964..............................
61,915
62,656
62,750
63,830
64,921
4,275
4,362
4,354
4,559
4,784
1,871
1,767
1,709
1,950
2,211
2,405
2,594
2,645
2,608
2,572
57,640
58,294
58,396
59,271
60,137
5,787
6,026
6,164
6,537
6,952
12,594
12,503
12,218
12,229
12,235
14,450
14,557
14,695
14,859
14,852
13,322
13,517
13,551
13,789
14,043
8,522
8,773
8,856
9,067
9,239
2,964
2,917
2,912
2,790
2,817
W om en
W H ITE
See footnote at end of table.
13
Table 3. Civilian labor force by sex, race, and age, 1948-82—Continued
[In thousands]
Year, sex, and race
16 years
and over
16 to 19 years
Total
20 years and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
W H ITE — C ontinued
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
66,137
67,276
68,699
69,976
71,788
5,267
5,827
5,749
5,839
6,168
2,221
2,367
2,432
2,519
2,698
3,044
3,460
3,318
3,320
3,470
60,870
61,449
62,950
64,137
65,611
7,189
7,324
7,886
8,109
8,614
12,391
12,591
13,123
13,740
14,289
14,900
14,785
14,765
14,683
14,564
14,162
14,370
14,545
14,756
15,057
9,392
9,583
9,817
9,968
10,132
2,839
2,793
2,821
2,884
2,954
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972 1 ...........................
1973 1 ...........................
1974..............................
73,556
74,963
77,275
79,151
81,281
6,442
6,681
7,193
7,579
7,899
2,824
2,894
3,096
3,320
3,441
3,617
3,787
4,098
4,260
4,459
67,113
68,282
70,082
71,572
73,381
9,238
9,889
10,605
11,182
11,600
14,896
15,445
16,584
17,764
18,862
14,525
14,374
14,399
14,440
14,644
15,269
15,343
15,283
15,256
15,375
10,255
10,351
10,402
10,240
10,241
2,930
2,880
2,809
2,687
2,656
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
82,831
84,767
87,141
89,634
91,923
7,899
8,088
8,352
8,555
8,548
3,375
3,410
3,562
3,715
3,668
4,525
4,679
4,790
4,839
4,881
74,932
76,678
78,789
81,079
83,375
12,019
12,444
12,892
13,309
13,632
19,897
20,990
22,099
23,067
24,101
14,753
15,088
15,604
16,353
17,123
15,308
15,187
15,053
15,004
14,965
10,287
10,371
10,495
10,602
10,767
2,668
2,599
2,647
2,745
2,787
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
93,600
95,052
96,143
8,312
7,962
7,518
3,485
3,274
3,001
4,827
4,688
4,518
85,286
87,089
88,625
13,769
13,926
13,866
25,181
26,208
26,814
17,811
18,445
19,491
14,956
14,993
14,879
10,812
10,764
10,832
2,759
2,753
2,742
1954..............................
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
39,759
40,197
40,734
40,826
41,080
41,397
1,989
2,056
2,114
2,108
2,116
2,279
896
935
1,002
992
1,001
1,077
1,095
1,121
1,110
1,114
1,116
1,202
37,770
38,141
38,620
38,718
38,964
39,118
2,654
2,803
3,036
3,152
3,278
3,409
9,695
9,721
9,595
9,483
9,386
9,261
9,516
9,597
9,661
9,719
9,822
9,876
7,913
8,025
8,175
8,317
8,465
8,581
5,643
5,654
5,736
5,735
5,800
5,833
2,339
2,343
2,417
2,307
2,213
2,158
I9 6 0 1............................
1961 ..............................
1962 1............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
41,743
41,986
41,931
42,404
42,894
2,433
2,439
2,432
2,563
2,716
1,140
1,067
1,041
1,183
1,345
1,293
1,372
1,391
1,380
1,371
39,310
39,547
39,499
39,841
40,178
3,559
3,681
3,726
3,955
4,166
9,153
9,072
8,846
8,805
8,800
9,919
9,961
10,029
10,079
10,055
8,689
8,776
8,820
8,944
9,053
5,861
5,988
5,995
6,090
6,161
2,129
2,068
2,082
1,967
1,942
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
43,400
43,572
44,041
44,553
45,185
2,999
3,253
3,191
3,236
3,413
1,359
1,423
1,464
1,504
1,583
1,639
1,830
1,727
1,732
1,830
40,401
40,319
40,851
41,318
41,772
4,279
4,200
4,416
4,432
4,615
8,824
8,859
9,102
9,477
9,773
10,023
9,895
9,785
9,662
9,509
9,130
9,189
9,260
9,340
9,413
6,188
6,250
6,348
6,427
6,467
1,959
1,928
1,944
1,981
1,996
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972*............................
1973 1............................
1974..............................
46,035
46,904
48,118
48,920
49,843
3,551
3,719
3,980
4,174
4,312
1,629
1,681
1,758
1,875
1,922
1,922
2,039
2,223
2,300
2,391
42,483
43,185
44,138
44,747
45,532
4,988
5,448
5,937
6,274
6,470
10,099
10,444
11,039
11,621
12,135
9,414
9,294
9,278
9,212
9,246
9,487
9,528
9,473
9,445
9,455
6,517
6,550
6,562
6,452
6,464
1,978
1,922
1,846
1,740
1,759
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1............................
1979..............................
50,324
51,033
52,033
52,955
53,856
4,290
4,357
4,496
4,565
4,537
1,871
1,869
1,949
2,002
1,974
2,418
2,489
2,548
2,563
2,563
46,034
46,675
47,537
48,390
49,320
6,642
6,890
7,097
7,274
7,421
12,579
13,092
13,575
13,039
14,415
9,231
9,289
9,509
9,858
10,183
9,415
9,310
9,175
9,068
8,968
6,425
6,437
6,492
6,508
6,571
1,742
1,657
1,688
1,744
1,761
1980..............................
1981 ..............................
1982..............................
54,473
54,895
55,133
4,424
4,224
3,933
1,881
1,751
1,602
2,543
2,473
2,331
50,049
50,671
51,200
7,479
7,521
7,438
14,893
15,340
15,549
10,455
10,740
11,289
8,877
8,836
8,727
6,618
6,530
6,520
1,727
1,704
1,677
1954..............................
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
17,057
17,888
18,694
18.928
19,213
19,555
1,512
1,542
1,657
1,667
1,641
1,742
552
576
654
645
614
698
959
966
1,003
1,021
1,028
1,023
15,545
16,346
17,037
17,261
17,572
17,834
2,098
2,138
2,158
2,131
2,171
2,135
3,531
3,546
3,559
3,561
3,498
3,409
4,024
4,132
4,339
4,398
4,435
4,479
3,345
3,655
3,886
4,065
4,262
4,467
1,938
2,156
2,344
2,356
2,454
2,578
607
719
749
742
751
767
1960 1............................
1961 ..............................
1962 1............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
20,172
20,670
20,819
21,426
22,027
1,842
1,923
1,922
1,996
2,068
731
700
668
767
866
1,112
1,222
1,254
1,228
1,201
18,330
18,747
18,897
19,430
19,959
2,228
2,345
2,438
2,582
2,786
3,441
3,431
3,372
3,424
3,435
4,531
4,596
4,666
4,780
4,797
4,633
4,741
4,731
4,845
4,990
2,661
2,785
2,861
2,977
3,078
835
849
830
823
875
Men
W om en
See footnote at end of table.
14
Table 3. Civilian labor force by sex, race, and age, 1948-82—Continued
[In thousands]
20 years and over
16 to 19 years
Year, sex, and race
16 years
and over
Total
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
W om en— C ontinued
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
22,737
23,704
24,658
25,423
26,593
2,268
2,574
2,558
2,603
2,755
862
944
968
1,015
1,115
1,405
1,630
1,591
1,588
1,640
20,469
21,130
22,100
22,821
23,839
2,910
3,124
3,471
3,677
3,999
3,567
3,732
4,021
4,263
4,516
4,877
4,893
4,980
5,021
5,055
5,032
5,181
5,285
5,416
5,644
3,204
3,333
3,469
3,541
3,665
880
865
877
903
958
1970..............................
1971..............................
19721............................
1973 1............................
1974..............................
27,521
28,060
29,157
30,231
31,437
2,891
2,962
3,213
3,405
3,588
1,195
1,213
1,338
1,445
1,520
1,695
1,748
1,875
1,960
2,068
24,630
25,097
25,945
26,825
27,850
4,250
4,441
4,668
4,908
5,131
4,797
5,001
5,544
6,143
6,727
5,111
5,080
5,121
5,228
5,399
5,781
5,816
5,810
5,811
5,920
3,738
3,801
3,839
3,788
3,777
952
958
963
947
897
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
32,508
33,735
35,108
36,679
38,067
3,610
3,731
3,856
3,990
4,011
1,504
1,541
1,614
1,713
1,694
2,107
2,189
2,243
2,276
2,318
28,898
30,004
31,253
32,689
34,056
5,378
5,554
5,795
6,035
6,211
7,318
7,898
8,523
9,128
8,687
5,522
5,799
6,095
6,495
6,940
5,892
5,877
5,877
5,936
5,997
3,862
3,935
4,003
4,094
4,196
926
940
959
1,001
1,024
1980..............................
1981 ..............................
1982..............................
39,127
40,157
41,010
3,888
3,739
3,585
1,605
1,523
1,399
2,284
2,216
2,186
35,239
36,418
37,425
6,290
6,406
6,428
10,289
10,868
11,264 „
7,356
7,704
8,202
6,079
6,157
6,152
4,194
4,235
4,313
1,032
1,049
1,065
1972..............................
19731............................
1974..............................
8,707
8,976
9,167
788
833
851
293
307
317
496
525
534
7,919
8,143
8,317
1,393
1,489
1,492
2,107
2,242
2,358
1,735
1,741
1,777
1,496
1,513
1,517
909
901
917
281
258
253
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
9.263
9,565
9,932
10,432
10,678
838
841
861
930
912
312
304
304
341
340
524
532
557
589
572
8,426
8,724
9,072
9,501
9,766
1,477
1,544
1,641
1,739
1,793
2,466
2,646
2,798
2,961
3,094
1,775
1,824
1,894
1,975
2,039
1,519
1,518
1,530
1,560
1,584
929
925
943
978
974
258
268
267
289
281
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
10,865
11,086
11,331
891
862
824
326
308
268
565
554
556
9,975
10,224
10,507
1,802
1,828
1,849
3,259
3,365
3,492
2,081
2,164
2,303
1,596
1,608
1,610
978
1,009
1,012
257
249
243
1972..............................
1973 1............................
1974..............................
4,816
4,924
5,020
453
460
480
180
175
189
272
286
291
4,364
4,464
4,540
761
819
798
1,158
1,217
1,279
935
935
953
824
842
838
522
499
519
165
153
152
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
5,016
5,105
5,263
5,435
5,559
447
458
476
491
480
168
168
178
186
179
279
285
299
306
301
4,569
4,648
4,787
4,943
5,079
790
820
856
883
928
1,328
1,383
1,441
1,504
1,577
948
969
1,003
1,022
1,049
833
824
818
829
844
520
504
515
540
524
150
149
154
166
156
1980 1............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
5,612
5,685
5,804
479
462
436
181
169
137
298
293
300
5,134
5,223
5,368
935
940
964
1,659
1,702
1,769
1,061
1,093
1,152
830
829
824
509
524
525
138
134
135
1972..............................
19731............................
1974..............................
3,890
4,052
4,148
335
373
371
113
133
128
224
240
243
3,555
3,678
3,777
632
670
694
949
1,026
1,079
800
806
824
672
670
679
387
402
398
116
105
100
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
4,247
4,460
4,670
4,997
5,119
391
384
385
439
432
144
136
127
155
161
245
247
258
283
271
3,857
4,076
4,286
4,558
4,687
687
723
785
856
865
1,138
1,264
1,357
1,456
1,517
827
855
891
953
990
686
694
712
731
740
409
421
429
439
451
108
119
113
124
124
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
5,253
5,401
5,527
412
400
387
144
139
131
267
261
256
4,841
5,001
5,140
867
888
885
1,600
1,663
1,723
1,020
1,071
1,151
767
779
786
469
485
487
119
115
108
BLACK
Men
W om en
1 See footnote 1, table 1.
15
Table 4. Civilian labor force participation rates1 by sex, race, and age, 1948-82
Year, sex, and race
16 years
and over
16 to 19 years
Total
20 years and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
TO TA L
1948
1949
............
............
58.8
58.9
52.5
52.2
41.7
41.2
63.4
63.3
59.4
59.5
64.1
64.9
63.1
63.2
66.7
67.2
65.1
65.3
56.9
56.2
27.0
27.3
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
............
............
............
............
............
59.2
59.2
59.0
58.9
58.8
51.8
52.2
51.3
50.2
48.3
40.7
42.6
42.7
40.7
37.9
62.9
62.6
61.2
60.9
59.1
59.9
59.8
59.7
59.6
59.6
65.9
64.8
62.2
61.2
61.6
63.5
64.2
64.7
64.0
64.3
67.5
67.6
68.0
68.9
68.8
66.4
67.2
67.5
68.1
68.4
56.7
56.9
57.5
58.0
58.7
26.7
25.8
24.8
24.8
23.9
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
............
............
............
............
............
59.3
60.0
59.6
59.5
59.3
48.9
50.9
49.6
47.4
46.7
38.5
41.9
40.2
37.3
36.9
60.7
61.2
60.4
59.4
58.9
60.1
60.7
60.4
60.5
60.4
62.7
64.1
64.0
64.4
64.3
64.8
64.8
64.9
65.0
65.0
68.9
69.5
69.5
69.6
69.5
69.7
70.5
70.9
71.5
71.9
59.5
60.8
60.1
60.5
61.0
24.1
24.3
22.9
21.8
21.1
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
............
............
............
............
............
59.4
59.3
58.8
58.7
58.7
47.5
46.9
46.1
45.2
44.5
37.6
36.3
34.9
34.5
35.1
59.5
58.4
58.2
58.5
57.2
60.5
60.5
60.0
60.1
60.2
65.2
65.7
65.3
65.1
66.3
65.4
65.6
65.2
65.6
65.8
69.4
69.5
69.7
70.1
70.0
72.2
72.1
72.2
72.5
72.9
60.9
61.5
61.5
62.0
61.9
20.8
20.1
19.1
17.9
18.0
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
............
............
............
............
............
58.9
59.2
59.6
59.6
60.1
45.7
48.2
48.4
48.3
49.4
35.8
38.5
39.0
39.1
40.5
57.1
58.3
58.4
58.5
59.3
60.3
60.5
60.9
60.9
61.3
66.4
66.5
67.1
67.0
68.2
66.4
67.1
68.2
68.6
69.1
70.7
71.0
71.6
72.0
72.5
72.5
72.7
72.7
72.8
73.4
61.9
62.2
62.3
62.2
62.1
17.8
17.2
17.2
17.2
17.3
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
............
............
............
............
............
60.4
60.2
60.4
60.8
61.3
49.9
49.7
51.9
53.7
54.8
41.0
40.7
42.3
44.5
45.5
59.8
59.6
62.4
63.6
64.8
61.6
61.4
61.4
61.7
62.0
69.2
69.3
70.8
72.6
74.0
69.7
69.9
70.9
72.3
73.6
73.1
73.2
73.3
74.0
74.6
73.5
73.2
72.7
72.5
72.7
61.8
61.3
60.0
58.4
57.8
17.0
16.2
15.6
14.6
14.0
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
............
............
............
............
............
61.2
61.6
62.3
63.2
63.7
54.0
54.5
56.0
57.8
57.9
44.4
44.6
46.2
48.6
48.6
64.1
64.7
66.2
67.3
67.2
62.1
62.4
63.0
63.8
64.3
73.9
74.7
75.7
76.8
77.5
74.4
75.7
77.0
78.3
79.2
75.0
76.0
77.0
78.1
79.2
72.6
72.5
72.8
73.5
74.3
57.2
56.6
56.3
56.3
56.2
13.7
13.1
13.0
13.3
13.1
1980
1981
1982
............
...........
...........
63.8
63.9
64.0
56.7
55.4
54.1
46.9
45.2
43.2
66.5
65.6
64.5
64.5
64.8
65.0
77.2
77.3
77.1
79.9
80.5
81.0
80.0
80.7
81.2
74.9
75.7
75.9
55.7
55.0
55.1
12.5
12.2
11.9
1948
1949
.........
.........
86.6
86.4
63.7
62.8
52.1
51.2
76.4
75.4
88.6
88.5
84.6
86.6
95.9
95.8
97.9
97.9
95.8
95.6
89.5
87.5
46.8
47.0
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
.........
.........
.........
.........
.........
86.4
86.5
86.3
86.0
85.5
63.2
63.0
61.3
60.7
58.0
51.3
53.0
51.9
50.4
47.1
75.9
75.0
73.5
73.4
71.5
88.4
88.2
88.3
88.0
87.8
87.9
88.4
88.1
87.7
87.0
96.0
96.9
97.5
97.4
97.3
97.6
97.5
97.8
98.2
98.1
95.8
95.9
96.2
96.5
96.5
86.9
87.2
87.5
87.9
88.7
45.8
44.9
42.6
41.6
40.5
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
.........
.........
.........
.........
.........
85.3
85.5
84.8
84.2
83.7
58.9
60.5
59.1
56.6
55.8
48.1
51.0
49.3
46.5
45.0
72.2
72.5
71.7
69.7
70.6
87.6
87.6
86.9
86.6
86.3
86.8
87.8
87.0
86.9
88.8
97.6
97.3
97.1
97.1
97.4
98.1
97.9
97.9
97.9
98.8
96.5
96.5
96.3
96.3
96.0
87.9
88.5
87.5
87.8
87.4
39.6
40.0
37.5
35.6
34.2
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
.........
.........
.........
.........
.........
83.3
82.9
82.0
81.4
81.0
56.1
54.6
53.8
52.9
52.4
46.0
44.1
42.6
41.8
42.8
69.3
66.8
66.7
68.0
66.7
86.0
85.7
84.8
84.4
84.2
88.1
87.8
86.9
86.1
86.1
97.5
97.5
97.2
97.1
97.3
97.7
97.6
97.6
97.5
97.3
95.7
95.6
95.6
95.7
95.7
86.8
87.3
86.2
86.2
85.6
33.1
31.7
30.3
28.4
28.0
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
.........
.........
.........
.........
.........
80.7
80.4
80.4
80.1
79.8
53.8
55.3
55.6
55.1
55.9
43.9
46.3
47.0
46.4
47.3
65.9
65.2
65.6
65.4
65.9
83.9
83.6
83.4
83.1
82.8
85.8
85.1
84.4
82.8
82.8
97.3
97.3
97.2
96.9
96.7
97.3
97.2
97.3
97.1
96.9
95.6
95.3
95.2
94.9
94.6
84.6
84.5
84.4
84.3
83.4
27.9
27.5
27.1
27.3
27.2
Men
See footnote at end of table.
16
Table 4. Civilian labor force participation rates1 by sex, race, and age, 1948-82—Continued
16 to 19 years
Year, sex, and race
16 years
and over
Total
20 years and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
M en— Continued
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
79.7
79.1
79.0
78.8
78.7
56.1
56.1
58.1
59.7
60.7
47.0
46.9
47.9
500
50.6
66.7
66.6
69.6
70.8
72.1
82.6
82.1
81.6
81.3
81.0
83.3
83.0
83.9
85.3
86.0
96.4
96.0
95.7
95.7
95.9
96.9
96.5
96.4
96.2
96.0
94.2
93.9
93.2
93.0
92.2
83.0
82.2
80.5
78.3
77.4
26.8
25.5
24.4
22.8
22.4
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
77.9
77.5
77.7
77.9
77.9
59.1
59.3
60.9
62.0
61.5
48.6
48.5
50.3
51.9
51.6
70.7
71.0
72.5
73.0
72.1
80.3
79.8
79.7
79.8
79.8
84.6
85.2
85.7
86.0
86.6
95.3
95.3
95.4
95.4
95.4
95.7
95.4
95.7
95.7
95.8
92.1
91.6
91.2
91.3
91.4
75.8
74.5
74.0
73.5
73.0
21.7
20.3
20.1
20.5
20.0
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
77.4
77.0
76.6
60.5
59.0
56.7
50.1
47.9
45.4
71.3
70.4
67.9
79.4
79.0
78.7
85.9
85.5
84.9
95.2
94.9
94.7
95.5
95.4
95.3
91.2
91.4
91.2
72.1
70.6
70.2
19.0
18.4
17.8
1948..............................
1949..............................
32.7
33.1
42.0
42.4
31.4
31.2
52.1
53.0
31.8
32.3
45.3
45.0
33.2
33.4
36.9
38.1
35.0
35.9
24.3
25.3
9.1
9.6
1950..............................
1951..............................
1952..............................
1953..............................
1954..............................
33.9
34.6
34.7
34.4
34.6
41.0
42.4
42.2
40.7
39.4
30.1
32.2
33.4
31.0
28.7
51.3
52.5
51.2
50.7
50.4
33.3
34.0
34.1
33.9
34.2
46.0
46.5
44.7
44.3
45.1
34.0
35.4
35.4
34.0
34.4
39.1
39.8
40.4
41.3
41.2
37.9
39.6
40.1
40.4
41.1
27.0
27.6
28.7
29.1
30.1
9.7
8.9
9.1
10.0
9.3
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
35.7
36.9
36.9
37.1
37.1
39.7
42.2
41.1
39.0
38.2
28.9
32.8
31.1
28.1
28.8
50.9
51.9
51.4
50.8
48.9
35.4
36.4
36.5
36.9
37.1
45.9
46.3
45.9
46.3
45.1
34.9
35.4
35.6
35.6
35.3
41.6
43.1
43.3
43.4
43.3
43.8
45.5
46.5
47.8
49.0
32.5
34.9
34.5
35.2
36.6
10.6
10.8
10.5
10.3
10.2
1960..............................
1961 ..............................
1962..............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
37.7
38.1
37.9
38.3
38.7
39.3
39.7
39.0
38.0
37.0
29.1
28.5
27.1
27.1
27.4
50.9
51.0
50.8
50.5
49.2
37.6
38.0
37.8
38.3
38.9
46.1
47.0
47.3
47.5
49.4
36.0
36.4
36.3
37.1
37.2
43.4
43.8
44.1
44.9
45.0
49.8
50.1
50.0
50.6
51.4
37.2
37.9
38.7
39.7
40.2
10.8
10.7
9.9
9.6
10.1
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
39.3
40.3
41.1
41.6
42.7
38.0
41.4
41.6
41.9
43.2
27.7
30.7
31.0
31.7
33.7
49.3
52.0
52.2
52.4
53.4
39.4
40.1
41.1
41.6
42.7
49.9
51.4
53.3
54.5
56.7
38.5
39.8
41.9
42.6
43.7
46.1
46.9
48.1
48.9
49.9
50.9
51.7
51.8
52.3
53.8
41.1
41.8
42.0
42.4
43.1
10.0
9.6
9.6
9.6
9.9
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
43.3
43.3
43.9
44.7
45.6
44.0
43.4
45.8
47.8
49.1
34.9
34.3
36.6
39.1
40.4
53.6
53.1
55.5
56.9
58.1
43.3
43.3
43.7
44.4
45.3
57.7
57.7
59.0
61.1
63.0
45.0
45.5
47.6
50.1
52.4
51.1
51.6
52.0
53.3
54.7
54.4
54.3
53.9
53.7
54.6
43.0
42.9
42.1
41.1
40.7
9.7
9.5
9.3
8.9
8.2
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
46.3
47.3
48.4
50.0
51.0
49.1
49.8
51.2
53.7
54.2
40.2
40.7
42.2
45.5
45.8
58.1
59.0
60.5
62.1
62.9
46.0
47.0
48.1
49.6
50.6
64.1
65.0
66.5
68.3
69.1
54.6
57.1
59.5
62.1
63.8
55.8
57.8
59.6
61.6
63.6
54.6
55.0
55.8
57.1
58.4
41.0
41.1
41.0
41.4
41.9
8.3
8.2
8.1
8.4
8.3
1980..............................
1981 ..............................
1982..............................
51.5
52.1
52.6
52.9
51.8
51.4
43.6
42.5
41.0
61.9
60.9
61.2
51.3
52.1
52.7
68.9
69.6
69.8
65.5
66.7
68.0
65.5
66.8
68.0
59.9
61.1
61.6
41.3
41.4
41.8
8.1
8.0
7.9
58.2
58.7
59.4
59.1
58.9
58.7
48.8
49.3
51.3
50.3
47.9
47.4
38.2
39.0
42.4
40.9
37.8
37.7
60.5
61.0
61.5
61.0
60.0
59.7
58.9
59.5
60.1
59.8
59.8
59.7
61.0
62.4
64.1
63.7
64.1
63.7
63.5
64.0
64.0
64.1
64.2
64.3
68.0
68.3
68.9
68.8
68.8
68.7
67.9
69.2
70.1
70.5
71.0
71.5
58.4
59.3
60.6
59.9
60.3
60.7
23.7
23.9
24.2
22.8
21.7
21.0
W om en
W HITE
1954..............................
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
See footnote at end of table.
17
Table 4. Civilian labor force participation rates1 by sex, race, and age, 1948-82—Continued
Year, sex, and race
16 years
and over
16 to 19 years
Total
20 years and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
W H ITE — C ontinued
1960 .......................
1961 ...........................
1962 .......................
1963 .......................
1964 .......................
58.8
58.8
58.3
58.2
58.2
47.9
47.4
46.6
45.7
45.1
38.1
36.9
35.5
35.1
36.0
59.9
58.6
58.4
58.9
57.4
59.8
59.9
59.4
59.4
59.6
64.8
65.5
65.0
64.9
65.8
64.7
64.8
64.4
64.8
64.9
68.6
68.8
69.0
69.4
69.5
71.7
71.7
71.8
72.3
72.5
60.6
61.3
61.3
61.8
61.8
20.8
20.0
19.0
17.9
17.8
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
58.4
58.7
59.2
59.3
59.9
46.5
49.1
49.2
49.3
50.6
36.7
39.5
40.2
40.5
42.0
57.7
58.9
58.9
59.1
60.2
59.7
59.8
60.3
60.4
60.9
65.7
66.0
66.8
66.6
67.9
65.6
66.3
67.4
67.9
68.4
70.1
70.4
71.2
71.7
72.3
72.2
72.5
72.5
72.7
73.3
61.7
61.9
62.3
62.2
62.1
17.7
17.1
17.0
17.1
17.2
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
60.2
60.1
60.4
60.8
61.4
51.4
51.6
54.1
56.0
57.3
42.8
42.9
44.8
47.3
48.4
61.0
61.2
64.1
65.4
66.8
61.2
61.1
61.2
61.4
61.9
69.2
69.6
71.2
73.3
74.8
69.1
69.3
70.4
72.0
73.4
72.9
73.0
73.2
73.9
74.6
73.6
73.4
72.9
72.7
73.0
61.8
61.3
60.3
58.6
58.0
16.8
16.1
15.4
14.4
13.9
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
.......................
61.5
61.8
62.5
63.3
63.9
56.7
57.5
59.3
60.8
61.1
47.3
47.9
49.8
52.1
52.2
66.5
67.5
69.0
69.8
70.1
62.0
62.3
62.9
63.6
64.2
75.2
76.0
77.1
78.1
78.9
74.4
75.6
77.0
78.3
79.4
75.1
76.1
77.1
78.1
79.4
73.0
73.0
73.2
73.8
74.6
57.4
56.9
56.6
56.4
56.5
13.6
13.0
12.9
13.1
12.9
1980
1981
1982
.......................
.......................
.......................
64.1
64.3
64.3
60.0
58.9
57.5
50.4
48.8
47.0
69.5
68.8
67.5
64.5
64.8
65.0
78.7
79.1
78.9
80.2
81.0
81.6
80.3
81.0
81.5
75.4
76.2
76.4
56.0
55.2
55.3
12.5
12.2
12.0
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
.............
.............
............
.............
.............
.............
85.6
85.4
85.6
84.8
84.3
83.8
57.6
58.6
60.4
59.2
56.5
55.9
47.1
48.0
51.3
49.6
46.8
45.4
70.4
71.7
71.9
71.6
69.4
70.3
87.8
87.5
87.6
86.9
86.6
86.3
86.4
85.6
87.6
86.7
86.7
87.3
97.5
97.8
97.4
97.2
97.2
97.5
98.2
98.3
98.1
98.0
98.0
98.0
96.8
96.7
96.8
96.6
96.6
96.3
89.2
88.4
88.9
38.0
88.2
87.9
40.4
39.5
40.0
37.7
35.7
34.3
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
.............
.............
.............
............
............
83.4
83.0
82.1
81.5
81.1
55.9
54,5
53.8
53.1
52.7
46.0
44.3
42.9
42.4
43.5
69.0
66.2
66.4
67.8
66.6
86.0
85.7
84.9
84.4
84.2
87.6
87.6
86.5
85.8
85.7
97.7
97.7
97.4
97.4
97.5
97.9
97.9
97.9
97.8
97.6
96.1
95.9
96.0
96.2
96.1
87.2
87.8
86.7
86.6
86.1
33.3
31.9
30.6
28.4
27.9
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
............
............
............
............
............
80.8
80.6
80.7
80.4
80.2
54.1
55.9
56.3
55.9
56.8
44.6
47.1
47.9
47.7
48.8
65.8
65.4
66.1
65.7
66.3
83.9
83.6
83.5
83.2
83.0
85.3
84.4
84.0
82.4
82.6
97.4
97.5
97.5
97.2
97.0
97.7
97.6
97.7
97.6
97.4
95.9
95.8
95.6
95.4
95.1
85.2
84.9
84.9
84.7
83.9
27.9
27.2
27.1
27.3
27.3
1970 ............
1971 ................
1972 ............
1973 ............
1974 ............
80.0
79.6
79.6
79.5
79.4
57.5
57.9
60.1
62.0
62.9
48.9
49.2
50.2
52.7
53.3
67.4
67.8
71.1
72.3
73.6
82.8
82.3
82.0
81.6
81.4
83.3
83.2
84.3
85.8
86.5
96.7
96.3
96.0
96.3
96.3
97.3
97.0
97.0
96.8
96.7
94.9
94.7
94.0
93.5
93.0
83.3
82.6
81.2
79.0
78.1
26.7
25.6
24.4
22.8
22.5
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
............
............
............
............
............
78.7
78.4
78.5
78.6
78.6
61.9
62.3
64.0
65.0
64.8
51.8
51.8
53.8
55.3
55.3
72.8
73.5
74.9
75.3
74.5
80.7
80.3
80.2
80.1
80.1
85.5
86.2
86.8
87.2
87.6
95.8
95.9
96.0
96.0
96.1
96.4
96.0
96.2
96.3
96.4
92.9
92.5
92.2
92.1
92.2
76.5
75.4
74.7
73.9
73.6
21.8
20.3
20.2
20.4
20.1
1980 ............
1981 ................
1982 ............
78.2
77.9
77.4
63.7
62.4
60.0
53.6
51.5
49.3
74.1
73.5
70.5
79.8
79.5
79.2
87.2
87.0
86.3
95.9
95.8
95.6
96.2
96.1
96.0
92.1
92.4
92.2
73.1
71.5
71.0
19.1
18.5
17.9
33.3
34.5
35.7
35.7
35.8
36.0
40.6
40.7
43.1
42.2
40.1
39.6
29.3
29.9
33.5
32.1
28.8
29.9
52.1
52.0
53.0
52.6
52.3
50.8
32.7
34.0
35.1
35.2
35.5
35.6
44.4
45.8
46.5
45.8
46.1
44.5
32.5
32.8
33.2
33.6
33.6
33.4
39.4
39.9
41.5
41.5
41.4
41.4
39.8
42.7
44.4
45.4
46.5
47.8
29.1
31.8
34.0
33.7
34.5
35.7
9.1
10.5
10.6
10.2
10.1
10.2
Men
W om en
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
............
............
............
............
............
............
See footnote at end of table.
18
Table 4. Civilian labor force participation rates 1 by sex, race, and age, 1948-82—Continued
Year, sex, and race
16 years
and over
16 to 19 years
Total
20 years and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
W om en— C ontinued
1960..............................
1961..............................
1962..............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
36.5
36.9
36.7
37.2
37.5
40.3
40.6
39.8
38.7
37.8
30.0
29.4
27.9
27.9
28.5
51.9
51.9
51.6
51.3
49.6
36.2
36.6
36.5
37.0
37.5
45.7
46.9
47.1
47.3
48.8
34.1
34.3
34.1
34.8
35.0
41.5
41.8
42.2
43.1
43.3
48.6
48.9
48.9
49.5
50.2
36.2
37.2
38.0
38.9
39.4
10.6
10.5
9.8
9.4
9.9
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
38.1
39.2
40.1
40.7
41.8
39.2
42.6
42.5
43.0
44.6
28.7
31.8
32.3
33.0
35.2
50.6
53.1
52.7
53.3
54.6
38.0
38.8
39.8
40.4
41.5
49.2
51.0
53.1
54.0
56.4
36.3
37.7
39.7
40.6
41.7
44.3
45.0
46.4
47.5
48.6
49.9
50.6
50.9
51.5
53.0
40.3
41.1
41.9
42.0
42.6
9.7
9.4
9.3
9.4
9.7
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
42.6
42.6
43.2
44.1
45.2
45.6
45.4
48.1
50.1
51.7
36.6
36.4
39.3
41.7
43.3
55.0
55.0
57.4
58.9
60.4
42.2
42.3
42.7
43.5
44.4
57.7
57.9
59.4
61.6
63.8
43.2
43.6
45.8
48.5
51.1
49.9
50.2
50.7
52.2
53.7
53.7
53.7
53.4
53.4
54.3
42.6
42.5
42.0
40.8
40.4
9.5
9.3
9.0
8.7
8.0
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
45.9
46.9
48.1
49.5
50.6
51.5
52.8
54.5
56.7
57.4
42.7
43.8
45.8
48.9
49.1
60.4
61.8
63.3
64.6
65.8
45.3
46.2
47.3
48.7
49.8
65.4
66.2
67.7
69.3
70.5
53.5
55.8
58.3
61.0
62.9
54.9
57.1
58.9
60.7
63.0
54.3
54.7
55.4
56.7
58.1
40.7
40.8
40.8
41.2
41.6
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.1
0.1
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
51.2
51.9
52.4
56.2
55.4
55.0
47.2
46.1
44.6
65.1
64.2
64.6
50.6
51.5
52.2
70.6
71.5
71.8
64.8
66.4
67.8
65.0
66.4
67.5
59.6
60.9
61.4
40.9
40.9
41.5
7.9
7.9
7.8
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
59.9
60.2
59.8
39.0
39.8
39.8
27.6
28.0
28.3
51.9
52.5
52.7
63.3
63.5
63.0
68.7
69.8
69.8
75.0
75.8
76.0
74.5
74.6
74.6
69.9
70.2
68.9
56.8
55.8
54.6
17.5
15.8
15.0
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
58.8
59.0
59.8
61.5
61.4
38.2
37.0
37.9
41.0
40.1
27.2
26.1
25.9
29.2
29.1
50.1
48.5
50.8
53.5
51.6
62.1
62.6
63.3
64.6
64.6
66.3
67.0
68.4
70.0
70.1
75.7
77.5
78.5
79.7
79.4
74.1
74.9
76.0
77.5
78.0
68.7
68.4
68.8
70.1
70.7
74.1
53.3
53.4
54.5
53.2
14.7
14.7
14.2
15.0
14.2
1980..............................
1981 ..............................
1982..............................
61.0
60.8
61.0
38.9
37.7
36.6
27.8
26.5
23.9
50.5
49.2
49.0
64.2
64.2
64.3
69.1
69.2
68.6
79.6
78.5
78.7
77.4
78.4
79.8
71.0
71.2
71.1
52.3
52.8
52.3
12.7
12.0
11.5
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
73.7
73.5
73.0
46.3
45.7
46.7
34.3
32.5
34.1
60.0
61.1
61.7
78.5
78.4
77.6
82.6
83.7
83.5
92.6
91.8
92.7
91.0
91.0
90.3
85.6
87.5
84.1
72.5
69.5
68.9
24.3
22.4
21.5
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
71.0
70.2
70.8
71.7
71.6
42.6
41.3
43.2
44.9
43.6
29.7
29.0
30.4
32.1
30.8
57.4
55.0
57.9
59.6
57.9
76.0
75.4
75.6
76.2
76.3
78.8
79.1
79.3
78.8
80.6
91.5
90.9
90.7
90.8
90.7
89.3
89.9
90.9
90.6
90.4
83.5
82.4
82.0
83.3
84.6
67.6
65.1
65.5
67.9
64.8
20.5
19.7
19.9
21.0
19.4
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
70.6
70.0
70.1
43.2
41.6
39.7
31.0
29.2
24.6
56.7
55.0
55.3
75.1
74.5
74.7
79.8
79.2
78.7
90.8
88.9
89.2
89.1
89.3
89.8
83.1
82.7
82.2
61.7
62.1
61.9
16.8
16.0
15.9
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
48.7
49.3
49.0
32.2
34.2
33.4
21.1
23.9
22.6
44.5
45.1
44.8
51.2
51.6
51.4
57.1
58.1
58.8
60.9
62.9
62.6
61.4
61.7
62.1
57.1
56.1
56.3
43.9
44.8
43.0
12.5
11.1
10.2
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
48.9
49.9
50.9
53.2
53.1
34.2
32.9
32.9
37.3
36.8
24.8
23.2
21.5
26.3
27.5
43.8
42.6
44.4
48.1
46.0
51.1
52.5
53.6
55.5
55.4
56.0
57.1
59.5
62.8
61.6
63.0
66.9
68.6
70.6
70.2
62.0
63.0
64.1
67.2
68.0
56.6
56.9
58.0
59.4
59.6
43.1
43.8
43.8
43.9
44.1
10.5
11.1
10.2
10.8
10.5
1980..............................
1981 ..............................
1982..............................
53.2
53.5
53.7
34.9
34.0
33.5
24.5
23.9
23.3
45.0
44.0
43.3
55.6
56.0
56.2
60.4
61.1
60.1
70.6
70.0
70.2
68.2
69.8
71.7
61.4
62.0
62.4
44.9
45.4
44.8
9.9
9.3
8.5
BLACK
Men
W om en
1 Percent of the civilian noninstitutional population in the civilian labor force.
19
Table 5. Civilian labor force participation rates1 by marital status, sex, and age, 1959-82
Marital status, sex, and year
16 years and
over 2
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 64
years
65 years and
over
MEN
M arried, spouse present
1959............................................
1960............................................
1961............................................
1962............................................
1963............................................
1964............................................
89.6
89.2
89.0
88.2
87.8
87.5
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
97.2
96.7
96.7
94.1
92.5
96.2
96.4
97.1
97.1
96.2
96.3
96.8
98.7
98.8
98.9
98.7
98.7
98.6
98.7
98.6
98.6
98.7
98.5
98.3
93.9
93.7
93.8
93.3
93.4
93.0
33.2
36.6
35.3
33.8
31.8
31.4
1965............................................
1966............................................
1967............................................
1968............................................
1969............................................
87.4
87.1
87.0
86.8
86.8
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
92.9
94.1
96.2
95.5
93.7
96.4
96.7
95.9
95.2
95.2
98.5
98.6
98.5
98.4
98.3
98.4
98.4
98.3
98.2
98.1
92.6
92.4
92.2
92.0
91.5
31.0
30.2
30.1
30.2
29.9
1970............................................
1971............................................
1972............................................
1973............................................
1974............................................
86.1
85.5
85.0
84.4
83.9
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
82.1
94.7
93.7
96.1
94.9
96.2
94.7
94.6
95.0
95.4
96.2
98.0
97.7
97.6
97.6
97.8
98.1
97.8
97.7
97.6
97.5
91.2
90.7
89.8
88.6
87.7
29.9
27.8
26.4
24.8
24.2
1975............................................
1976............................................
1977............................................
1978............................................
1979............................................
83.0
82.4
82.1
81.8
81.6
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
95.6
95.8
96.7
96.6
96.3
95.3
95.6
96.5
96.5
97.0
97.4
97.4
97.5
97.6
97.6
97.1
96.9
97.2
97.1
97.2
86.8
86.1
85.5
85.1
84.8
23.3
21.9
21.8
22.4
21.8
1980............................................
1981............................................
1982............................................
81.0
80.5
80.0
(3)
(3)
(3)
94.5
95.0
94.4
96.9
96.5
96.3
97.5
97.4
97.3
97.2
97.0
96.8
84.3
83.5
83.2
20.5
19.9
19.0
1959............................................
1960............................................
1961............................................
1962............................................
1963............................................
1964............................................
60.6
60.2
57.9
56.3
55.8
55.6
34.3
33.9
31.7
30.5
30.6
31.7
68.3
67.1
64.0
64.2
66.1
64.5
79.9
80.3
79.9
78.6
77.4
76.6
91.0
91.5
90.1
89.6
89.2
90.7
88.9
88.6
88.3
87.4
87.9
87.3
82.3
80.1
79.4
79.9
78.9
79.2
30.0
31.2
28.5
28.4
25.1
24.9
1965............................................
1966............................................
1967............................................
1968............................................
1969............................................
55.5
64.6
65.2
64.6
64.9
32.3
46.1
46.8
46.2
47.2
63.8
62.8
63.3
63.2
63.6
75.7
73.5
73.6
71.9
72.4
90.0
89.6
90.1
89.0
87.8
87.5
87.5
87.3
86.6
86.5
78.1
75.7
77.0
77.8
75.9
23.2
20.4
22.1
24.2
24.8
1970............................................
1971............................................
1972............................................
1973............................................
1974............................................
65.5
65.4
66.9
68.2
69.2
46.8
46.7
47.7
49.7
50.2
64.4
64.4
67.5
68.8
70.2
73.8
73.7
75.8
77.6
78.7
87.9
87.4
86.4
86.9
86.9
86.2
84.0
84.1
83.0
82.9
75.7
74.7
71.6
70.9
70.8
25.2
25.1
23.5
20.8
20.2
1975............................................
1976............................................
1977............................................
1978............................................
1979............................................
68.6
69.5
70.9
72.2
72.6
48.4
48.3
50.1
51.8
51.4
68.9
69.3
71.1
71.7
70.9
77.9
79.1
79.7
81.0
81.8
86.7
87.6
88.2
88.8
89.2
83.2
82.2
82.2
84.0
82.5
69.9
68.8
67.8
67.9
67.3
21.0
20.7
19.6
16.8
18.2
1980............................................
1981............................................
1982............................................
72.6
72.3
72.1
50.0
47.7
45.3
70.4
69.3
66.8
81.3
80.9
80.4
89.2
88.7
89.1
82.2
83.7
84.7
66.9
64.6
64.1
16.8
15.4
17.6
62.8
63.1
62.4
59.9
60.0
60.3
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
95.7
96.9
95.0
92.0
92.2
92.0
94.9
95.2
96.6
94.4
94.4
94.5
94.5
94.4
93.6
92.9
93.2
93.3
90.3
83.2
83.0
82.1
82.1
82.0
23.3
22.7
21.2
20.2
19.4
18.7
Single
O th e r 4
1959............................................
1960............................................
1961............................................
1962............................................
1963............................................
1964............................................
See footnotes at end of table.
20
Table 5. Civilian labor force participation rates1 by marital status, sex, and age, 1959-82—Continued
Marital status, sex, and year
16 years and
over2
16 to 17
years
20 to 24
years
18 to 19
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 64
years
65 years and
over
O th er— Continued
1965............................................
1966............................................
1967............................................
1968............................................
1969............................................
60.4
59.7
58.9
59.4
59.8
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
96.6
93.2
91.4
90.8
92.5
95.1
94.6
94.7
94.4
94.7
93.0
91.6
92.9
92.1
90.3
80.8
80.7
79.8
79.0
79.3
18.7
17.7
18.3
17.7
18.0
1970............................................
1971............................................
1972............................................
1973............................................
1974.............................. .............
60.6
61.3
61.5
61.6
63.0
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
90.4
88.4
89.0
89.9
93.6
93.7
93.3
92.8
93.0
94.6
91.1
91.4
90.5
91.0
90.5
78.5
77.4
75.5
74.4
74.4
18.3
16.9
16.9
15.8
16.1
1975............................................
1976............................................
1977............................................
1978............................................
1979............................................
63.2
63.3
64.6
66.0
80.0
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
88.8
92.3
93.0
90.6
90.9
92.4
92.3
93.7
93.2
93.4
89.4
89.8
91.4
91.6
93.0
73.4
71.5
71.5
72.8
73.7
15.4
13.6
13.1
13.6
13.4
1980............................................
1981............................................
1982............................................
67.4
67.7
68.0
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
92.6
91.9
93.3
94.1
93.5
92.7
91.9
91.7
92.4
73.3
73.0
72.7
13.7
13.0
12.8
1959............................................
1960............................................
1961............................................
1962............................................
1963............................................
1964............................................
31.2
31.9
32.5
32.8
33.4
34.1
16.8
16.8
18.4
18.6
19.8
18.4
30.1
30.9
31.1
33.6
33.8
32.9
31.4
31.7
33.0
33.6
33.3
35.9
28.2
28.8
29.1
29.3
30.1
30.3
36.9
37.2
37.8
38.5
39.0
39.7
35.0
36.0
36.9
37.4
38.2
39.2
6.3
6.7
6.8
6.3
6.3
6.4
1965............................................
1966............................................
1967............................................
1968............................................
1969............................................
34.9
35.9
37.3
38.2
39.5
18.6
20.6
21.8
23.4
22.0
34.1
37.3
38.6
40.8
41.7
37.1
38.9
41.5
42.8
46.4
31.5
33.1
35.5
36.3
37.3
40.5
41.4
42.7
44.1
45.5
39.5
40.3
41.3
42.0
43.2
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.9
7.1
1970............................................
1971............................................
1972............................................
1973............................................
1974............................................
40.5
40.6
41.2
42.3
43.3
27.0
23.5
30.5
31.3
29.0
40.3
41.7
44.2
46.6
48.2
47.9
48.4
50.1
52.7
55.3
38.8
39.2
41.1
44.0
46.0
46.8
47.3
47.8
49.3
50.8
44.0
43.7
43.4
42.9
43.3
7.3
7.2
7.4
7.2
6.8
1975............................................
1976............................................
1977............................................
1978............................................
44.3
45.3
46.4
47.9
32.7
31.1
30.1
36.5
49.5
50.3
50.7
50.9
57.0
57.3
58.6
60.4
48.4
50.5
52.8
55.5
52.0
53.9
55.7
57.8
43.8
44.3
44.6
45.4
7.0
7.0
7.1
7.1
1979............................................
1980............................................
1981............................................
1982............................................
49.1
49.9
50.5
51.1
39.3
35.9
33.3
38.3
54.7
52.1
50.2
53.5
60.8
61.4
62.1
62.2
57.1
58.8
60.2
61.5
60.0
61.8
62.8
64.1
46.2
46.9
47.4
47.8
7.5
7.3
7.1
7.1
1959............................................
1960............................................
1961............................................
1962............................................
1963............................................
1964............................................
47.4
48.0
46.5
44.8
44.2
44.2
21.0
20.9
20.2
19.3
19.0
19.8
57.1
58.6
58.4
57.4
56.6
54.9
75.5
77.2
75.9
74.1
73.7
74.0
82.9
83.4
84.1
82.3
81.9
84.2
82.3
82.9
81.7
80.8
80.6
79.6
77.8
79.8
76.7
76.6
76.8
76.7
22.3
24.3
23.0
18.5
19.3
21.7
1965............................................
1966............................................
1967............................................
1968............................................
1969............................................
44.4
55.6
55.3
55.6
56.7
19.9
31.1
31.5
32.1
34.2
54.4
56.3
56.0
55.5
56.4
72.9
73.8
72.1
73.1
72.5
82.9
82.2
82.2
81.8
82.4
81.8
80.7
80.0
79.2
80.5
76.1
76.5
74.2
74.6
75.2
22.4
18.8
19.4
19.1
20.2
1970............................................
1971............................................
1972............................................
1973............................................
1974............................................
56.8
56.3
57.5
58.6
59.5
35.3
34.9
37.0
39.6
40.9
57.3
56.3
58.6
60.0
61.3
73.0
72.3
72.6
72.9
73.1
81.4
81.5
82.5
80.8
81.3
78.6
78.1
74.8
76.2
77.2
73.0
72.6
70.6
69.1
69.2
19.7
17.8
17.2
16.5
13.3
W OMEN
M arried, spouse present
Single
See footnotes at end of table.
21
Table 5. Civilian labor force participation rates1 by marital status, sex, and age, 1959-82—Continued
Marital status, sex, and year
16 years and
over2
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 64
years
65 years and
over
S ingle-C ontinued
1975............................................
1976............................................
1977............................................
1978............................................
1979............................................
59.7
61.0
62.1
63.8
64.6
40.6
41.2
42.7
45.9
46.0
60.6
61.3
62.8
64.4
64.4
72.5
73.8
74.6
75.3
76.1
80.8
82.5
82.3
81.9
83.0
78.6
77.6
76.4
76.2
76.9
68.3
69.6
67.6
65.8
65.8
15.8
15.6
14.4
14.1
13.5
1980............................................
1981............................................
1982............................................
64.4
64.5
65.1
44.1
52.3
41.1
64.0
62.7
62.5
75.2
75.4
75.7
83.3
83.1
83.8
76.9
80.1
79.9
65.6
64.3
64.8
13.3
11.9
13.0
51.6
47.9
46.6
45.0
47.3
43.1
55.2
58.0
57.5
57.1
55.3
56.6
62.7
63.1
62.1
60.3
62.3
61.5
71.5
70.0
69.4
67.3
69.3
67.8
60.0
60.0
60.7
60.8
61.2
61.7
10.9
11.4
11.6
11.2
10.5
10.9
44.1
54.4
50.0
50.9
51.6
59.2
61.1
62.5
59.3
62.1
64.1
63.2
64.3
63.6
64.8
69.3
70.4
71.7
69.7
68.8
61.6
62.5
61.8
61.8
62.6
10.5
10.4
10.1
10.9
10.5
52.1
47.1
49.5
50.0
48.1
60.3
59.2
59.7
63.0
65.6
64.6
62.8
64.1
65.9
69.1
68.8
69.3
69.3
69.5
68.9
61.9
62.2
60.6
60.3
59.9
10.0
9.9
9.7
9.0
8.5
51.1
52.8
55.4
60.9
60.0
65.3
64.4
66.0
69.9
60.0
68.6
71.0
73.6
75.3
76.4
69.2
71.3
72.7
74.3
75.6
59.0
58.2
58.5
59.6
60.2
8.3
8.3
8.2
8.5
8.3
51.3
54.8
55.6
68.4
69.9
67.7
76.5
76.8
76.9
77.1
78.6
78.8
60.2
60.1
60.5
8.2
8.2
7.9
O th e r 4
1959............................................
1960............................................
1961............................................
1962............................................
1963............................................
1964............................................
41.6
41.6
41.7
40.6
40.9
40.6
1965............................................
1966............................................
1967............................................
1968............................................
1969............................................
40.7
41.3
41.0
40.4
40.7
1970............................................
1971............................................
1972............................................
1973............................................
1974............................................
40.3
40.3
40.0
39.7
40.2
1975............................................
1976............................................
1977............................................
1978............................................
1979............................................
40.1
40.5
41.5
42.9
43.2
1980............................................
1981............................................
1982............................................
43.7
44.6
44.8
( 3)
n
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
27.8
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
3por years prior to 1967, data not shown where base is less than 50,000;
for 1967 forward, data not shown where base is less than 35,000.
4 Refers to widowed, divorced, and married, spouse absent.
1See footnote 1, table 4.
2 Data for 1966 forward refer to persons 16 years and over; 14 years and
over for prior years.
22
Table 6. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, 1963-82
[Numbers in thousands]
Part time
Full time
Year, sex, and age
Civilian
labor force
Employed
Unem
ployed,
looking for
full-time
work
Unemploy
ment rate
Civilian
labor force
Employed
(voluntary
part time)
Unem
ployed,
looking for
part-time
work
Unemploy
ment rate
TOTAL
1963.........................................................
1964.........................................................
64,012
64,823
60,507
61,645
3,505
3,178
5.5
4.9
7,822
8,257
7,254
7,661
568
596
7.3
7.2
1965.........................................................
1966.........................................................
1967.........................................................
1968........................................................
1969........................................................
65,929
66,685
67,465
68,332
69,700
63,138
64,370
65,173
66,195
67,558
2,791
2,315
2,293
2,138
2,142
4.2
3.5
3.4
3.1
3.1
8,527
9,067
9,882
10,405
11,032
7,952
8,507
8,199
9,726
10,343
575
560
683
679
689
6.7
6.2
6.9
6.5
6.2
1970........................................................
1971........................................................
1972 1.....................................................
19731 .....................................................
1974........................................................
71,069
72,314
74,475
76,492
78,630
67,862
68,346
70,671
73,148
74,620
3,206
3,968
3,806
3,344
4,010
4.5
5.5
5.1
4.4
5.1
11,703
12,067
12,574
12,940
13,320
10,814
11,020
11,497
11,917
12,173
889
1,047
1,077
1,023
1,147
7.6
8.7
8.6
7.9
8.6
1975........................................................
1976........................................................
1977........................................................
1978 1.....................................................
1979........................................................
80,117
82,046
84,361
87,137
89,543
73,595
76,072
78,812
82,298
84,756
6,523
5,974
5,548
4,838
4,787
8.1
7.3
6.6
5.6
5.3
13,659
14,111
14,647
15,114
15,418
12,251
12,680
13,204
13,750
14,068
1,408
1,432
1,443
1,364
1,351
10.3
10.1
9.9
9.0
8.8
1980........................................................
1981........................................................
1982........................................................
91,295
92,921
94,293
85,027
86,126
85,287
6,269
6,795
9,006
6.9
7.3
9.6
15,644
15,749
15,912
14,275
14,271
14,239
1,369
1,477
1,672
8.8
9.4
10.5
1963........................................................
1964........................................................
42,608
42,925
40,748
41,316
1,860
1,609
4.4
3.7
1,616
1,679
1,503
1,570
112
109
6.9
6.5
1965........................................................
1966........................................................
1967........................................................
1968........................................................
1969........................................................
43,243
43,145
43,514
43,893
44,248
41,892
42,106
42,543
42,997
43,386
1,351
1,039
971
896
862
3.1
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.9
1,616
1,641
1,840
1,959
2,103
1,530
1,561
1,752
1,863
2,002
86
79
89
96
101
5.3
4.8
4.8
4.9
4.8
1970........................................................
1971........................................................
1972 1.....................................................
1973 1.....................................................
1974........................................................
44,962
45,665
46,633
47,474
48,370
43,460
43,733
44,860
46,000
46,584
1,502
1,932
1,777
1,474
1,786
3.3
4.2
3.8
3.1
3.7
2,259
2,344
2,441
2,460
2,509
2,122
2,179
2,270
2,310
2,337
137
165
171
150
172
6.1
7.0
7.0
6.1
6.8
1975........................................................
1976........................................................
1977........................................................
1978........................................................
1979.........................................................
48,895
49,676
50,587
51,693
53,839
45,640
46,804
48,016
49,557
50,708
3,255
2,870
2,571
2,136
2,129
6.7
5.8
5.1
4.1
4.0
2,601
2,614
2,761
2,779
2,778
2,378
2,386
2,538
2,586
2,599
223
228
223
192
179
8.6
8.7
8.1
6.9
6.4
1980........................................................
1981.........................................................
1982........................................................
53,571
54,312
54,953
50,405
50,918
50,124
3,167
3,394
4,829
5.9
6.2
8.8
2,883
2,885
3,028
2,697
2,665
2,767
186
220
260
6.5
7.6
8.6
1963.........................................................
1964.........................................................
18,141
18,637
17,110
17,643
1,031
994
5.7
5.3
4,336
4,461
4,145
4,261
186
200
4.3
4.5
1965.........................................................
1966........................................................
1967.........................................................
1968........................................................
1969........................................................
19,138
19,648
20,293
20,778
21,674
18,260
18,908
19,453
20,014
20,874
878
740
840
765
801
4.6
3.8
4.1
3.7
3.7
4,550
4,778
5,181
5,488
5,738
4,371
4,599
4,944
5,268
5,524
179
179
238
220
214
3.9
3.7
4.6
4.0
3.7
Men, 20 years and over
W om en, 20 years and over
See footnotes at end of table.
23
Table 6. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, 1963-82—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Full time
Year, sex, and age
Civilian
labor force
Employed
Part time
Unem
ployed,
looking for
full-time
work
Unemploy
ment rate
Civilian
labor force
Employed
(voluntary
part time)
Unem
ployed,
looking for
part-time
work
Unemploy
ment rate
W om en, 20 years and o v e r—
Continued
1970.........................................................
1971.........................................................
1972 1......................................................
1973 1......................................................
1974.........................................................
22,226
22,690
23,479
24,285
25,278
21,149
21,370
22,168
23,101
23,873
1,077
1,320
1,294
1,184
1,405
4.8
5.8
5.5
4.9
5.6
6,074
6,214
6,442
6,707
6,923
5,803
5,876
6,110
6,383
6,551
271
338
332
324
372
4.5
5.4
5.2
4.8
5.4
1975.........................................................
1976.........................................................
1977.........................................................
1978 1......................................................
1979.........................................................
26,359
27,446
28,659
30,181
31,484
24,148
25,342
26,614
28,350
29,688
2,210
2,104
2,045
1,830
1,796
8.4
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.7
7,052
7,368
7,651
7,946
8,225
6,578
6,884
7,162
7,485
7,746
474
485
491
462
479
6.7
6.6
6.4
5.8
5.8
1980.........................................................
1981........................................................
1982.........................................................
32,722
33,875
34,921
30,588
31,481
31,897
2,135
2,394
3,024
6.5
7.1
8.7
8,383
8,610
8,777
7,904
8,108
8,189
480
502
588
5.7
5.8
6.7
1963.........................................................
1964........................................................
3,262
3,260
2,648
2,686
614
574
18.8
17.6
1,876
2,117
1,606
1,830
270
287
14.4
13.6
1965.........................................................
1966........................................................
1967........................................................
1968........................................................
1969........................................................
3,549
3,891
3,659
3,661
3,778
2,986
3,356
3,177
3,184
3,300
563
535
482
476
479
15.9
13.7
13.2
13.0
12.7
2,361
2,648
2,861
2,958
3,191
2,050
2,347
2,505
2,595
2,817
311
301
356
362
374
13.2
11.4
12.4
12.3
11.7
1970.........................................................
1971........................................................
1972 1......................................................
1973 1......................................................
1974........................................................
3,881
3,959
4,363
4,733
4,982
3,254
3,243
3,628
4,047
4,163
626
716
735
686
819
16.1
18.1
16.8
14.5
16.4
3,370
3,509
3,691
3,774
3,888
2,889
2,965
3,117
3,225
3,285
480
544
574
549
603
14.3
15.5
15.5
14.5
15.5
1975........................................................
1976........................................................
1977.........................................................
1978 1......................................................
1979........................................................
4,864
4,925
5,115
5,264
5,222
3,807
3,926
4,183
4,392
4,359
1,057
999
933
873
862
21.7
20.3
18.2
16.6
16.5
4,005
4,130
4,236
4,388
4,416
3,295
3,410
3,506
3,678
3,724
709
720
730
709
692
17.7
17.4
17.2
16.2
15.7
1980........................................................
1981........................................................
1982........................................................
5,001
4,734
4,419
4,035
3,727
3,266
966
1,007
1,153
19.3
21.3
26.1
4,377
4,254
4,107
3,676
3,498
3,283
701
755
824
16.0
17.8
20.1
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
1 See footnote 1, table 1.
Persons on part-time schedules for economic reasons are included
in the full-time employed category; unemployed persons are allocated by
whether seeking full- or part-time work.
No t e :
24
Table 7. Employment status of the black and Hispanic-orgin civilian noninstitutional population by
sex and age, 1975-82
[Numbers in thousands]
Hispanic origin
Black
and age
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
TO TA L
Civilian noninstitutional pop
ulation ..........................
Civilian labor force..............
Percent of population..
Employed........................
Agriculture...................
Nonagricultural indus
tries ..........................
Unemployed....................
Unemployment ra te ....
Not in labor force................
15,751 16,196 16,605 16,970 17,397 17,824 18,219 18,584 6,862 6,910 7,362 7,912 8,207 8,901 9,310 9,400
9,263 9,565 9,932 10,432 10,678 10,865 11,086 11,331 4,171 4,205 4,536 4,979 5,219 5,700 5,972 5,983
61.4
61.0 60.8 60.9 61.6 62.9 63.6 64.0 64.1 63.6
58.8
59.1
59.8
61.5
61.0
60.8
7,894 8,231 8,540 9,102 9,359 9,313 9,355 9,189 3,663 3,720 4,079 4,527 4,785 5,126 5,348 5,158
246
197
222
229
230
251
253
217
247
184
200
243
230
249
208
188
7,650
1,369
14.8
6,488
7,997
1,334
14.0
6,631
8,323
1,393
14.0
6,673
8,852
1,330
12.8
6,538
9,112
1,319
12.3
6,719
9,106
1,553
14.3
6,959
9,171
1,731
15.6
7,134
9,001 3,463 3,523 3,857 4,298 4,555 4,881 5,097 4,905
434
624
825
452
575
485
456
2,142
508
10.4 13.8
9.1
8.3 10.1
18.9 12.2 11.5 10.1
7,254 2,691 2,705 2,826 2,933 2,988 3,200 3,338 3,417
6,009
4,569
76.0
3,998
180
6,167
4,648
75.4
4,120
175
6,329
4,787
75.6
4,273
161
6,484
4,943
76.2
4,483
200
6,661
5,079
76.2
4,606
191
6,834
5,134
75.1
4,498
162
7,007
5,223
74.5
4,520
148
7,186 2,741 2,764 2,982 3,228 3,362 3,671 3,914 3,894
5,368 2,343 2,326 2,530 2,742 2,869 3,127 3,321 3,297
74.7 85.5 84.2 84.8 84.9 85.3 85.2 84.8 84.7
4,414 2,117 2,109 2,335 2,568 2,701 2,868 3,028 2,901
141
174
184
189
195
158
178
150
155
3,818
571
12.5
1,440
3,944
528
11.4
1,519
4,113
512
10.7
1,542
4,282
462
9.3
1,541
4,416
473
9.3
1,582
4,336
636
12.4
1,701
4,372
703
13.5
1,785
4,264 1,963 1,969 2,178 2,394 2,524 2,684 2,840 2,706
168
258
293
395
954
275
217
195
175
8.8 12.0
9.4
7.7
6.4
5.8
8.3
17.8
9.6
597
544
593
1,819
397
437
453
486
493
7,550
3,857
51.1
3,388
31
7,765
4,076
52.5
3,599
30
8,003
4,286
53.6
3,758
34
8,217
4,558
55.5
4,047
29
8,460
4,687
55.4
4,174
35
8,700
4,841
55.6
4,267
26
8,924
5,001
56.0
4,329
19
9,146 3,161 3,263 3,377 3,608 3,751 4,038 4,220 4,325
5,140 1,384 1,454 1,523 1,704 1,800 1,973 2,106 2,157
56.2 43.8 44.6 45.1 47.2 48.0 48.9 49.9 49.9
4,347 1,224 1,288 1,364 1,537 1,638 1,792 1,906 1,886
32
35
33
30
30
35
33
21
20
3,358
469
12.2
3,693
3,569
477
11.7
3,689
3,724
528
12.3
3,717
4,019
510
11.2
3,659
4,138
513
10.9
3,773
4,241
574
11.6
3,859
4,310
671
13.4
3,923
4,326 1,206 1,240 1,329 1,505 1,610 1,760 1,871 1,853
271
200
168
160
181
153
160
166
793
9.2
9.5 12.6
9.8
8.9
15.4 11.5 11.4 10.1
4,006 1,777 1,762 1,842 1,904 1,952 2,065 2,114 2,168
2,264
841
37.1
508
25
2,273
861
37.9
508
22
2,270
930
41.0
571
21
2,276
912
40.1
579
20
2,289
891
38.9
547
19
2,288
862
37.7
505
17
2,252
824
36.6
428
16
962
444
46.2
322
27
953 1,024 1,076 1,095 1,192 1,176 1,182
530
551
601
545
447
493
533
46.9 48.2 49.6 50.3 50.4 46.3 44.8
414
371
465
423
445
341
381
28
25
24
24
30
27
31
483
330
39.2
1,423
486
354
41.1
1,412
551
360
38.7
1,340
558
333
36.5
1,364
528
343
38.5
1,400
489
357
41.4
1,426
412
396
48.0
1,429
296
123
27.7
518
314
106
23.8
506
Men, 20 y e ars and over
Civilian noninstitutional pop
ulation .............
Civilian labor force..............
Percent of population..
Employed........................
Agriculture...................
Nonagricultural indus
tries ..........................
Unemployed....................
Unemployment rate.....
Not in labor force...............
W om en, 20 years and
over
Civilian noninstitutional pop
ulation ..........................
Civilian labor force..............
Percent of population..
Employed........................
Agriculture...................
Nonagricultural indus
tries ..........................
Unemployed....................
Unemployment ra te ....
Not in labor force................
Both sexes, 16 to 19
years
Civilian noninstitutional pop
ulation........................... 2,191
Civilian labor force..............
838
Percent of population.. 38.2
Employed........................
507
Agriculture...................
33
Nonagricultural indus
tries ..........................
475
Unemployed....................
330
Unemployment rate.....
39.5
Not in labor force................ 1,353
25
350
113
22.9
532
399
110
20.7
543
422
106
19.2
545
436
135
22.5
591
386
131
24.0
631
346
159
29.9
652
Table 8. Employment status of civilians of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age,
1980-82
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status, sex, and age
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force................................
Percent of population.............
Employed.......................................
Agriculture..............................
Nonagricutural industries.......
Unemployed...................................
Unemployment rate................
Not in labor force..................................
-
Total Hispanic origin 1
Mexican origin
Cuban origin
Puerto Rican origin
1980
1981
1982
1980
1981
1982
1980
1981
1982
1980
1981
1982
8,901
5,700
64.0
5,126
246
4,881
575
10.1
3,200
9,310
5,972
64.1
5,348
251
5,097
624
10.4
3,338
9,400
5,983
63.6
5,158
253
4,905
825
13.8
3,417
5,327
3,537
66.4
3,174
223
2,951
364
10.3
1,791
5,642
3,757
66.6
3,364
230
3,134
393
10.5
1,886
5,679
3,745
65.9
3,222
232.
2,990
522
13.9
1,934
1,142
589
51.6
509
5
503
80
13.6
552
1,165
583
50.0
504
5
499
79
13.6
582
1,215
622
51.2
513
5
508
110
17.6
593
669
441
66.0
405
2
403
37
8.4
228
750
483
64.4
439
2
437
44
9.0
267
749
474
63.3
421
3
418
53
11.2
275
3,671
3,127
85.2
2,868
184
2,684
258
8.3
544
3,914
3,321
84.8
3,028
189
2,840
293
8.8
593
3,894
3,297
84.7
2,901
195
2,706
395
12.0
597
2,290
1,995
87.1
1,832
167
1,665
164
8.2
296
2,457
2,141
87.1
1,957
173
1,784
184
8.6
316
2,422
2,103
86.8
1,847
178
1,669
256
12.2
319
410
330
80.5
296
4
292
35
10.6
79
431
333
77.3
293
3
290
40
12.0
98
451
352
78.0
299
4
295
54
15.3
98
281
235
83.4
217
2
215
19
8.1
47
328
264
80.5
243
2
241
22
8.2
63
319
250
78.4
227
3
224
24
9.4
69
4,038
1,973
48.9
1,792
32
1,760
181
9.2
2,065
4,220
2,106
49.9
1,906
35
1,871
200
9.5
2,114
4,325
2,157
49.9
1,886
33
1,853
271
12.6
2,168
2,291
1,126
49.1
1,017
27
991
108
9.6
1,166
2,441
1,223
50.1
1,102
30
1,073
120
9.8
1,218
2,498
1,267
50.7
1,109
31
1,078
158
12.5
1,231
557
207
37.2
181
1
179
26
12.6
351
563
208
36.9
186
1
185
21
10.2
356
590
217
36.8
183
1
182
34
15.8
373
315
170
53.8
160
345
186
53.9
172
366
193
52.7
172
—
—
160
11
6.5
145
172
15
8.0
158
172
21
10.9
173
1,192
601
50.4
465
30
436
135
22.5
591
1,176
545
46.3
414
28
386
131
24.0
631
1,182
530
44.8
371
25
346
159
29.9
652
745
417
55.9
325
29
297
92
22.1
330
744
393
52.8
304
27
277
89
22.6
351
759
374
49.3
266
23
243
108
28.8
385
175
54
30.8
34
171
43
25.1
25
175
53
30.3
32
72
36
50.0
30
77
32
41.6
25
64
31
48.4
22
Men, 20 years and o v er
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force................................
Percent of population.............
Employed.......................................
Agriculture..............................
Nonagricultural industries......
Unemployed...................................
Unemployment rate................
Not in labor force..................................
W om en, 20 years and o v er
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force................................
Percent of population.............
Employed.......................................
Agriculture..............................
Nonagricultural industries......
Unemployed...................................
Unemployment rate................
Not in labor force..................................
—
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force................................
Percent of population.............
Employed.......................................
Agriculture..............................
Nonagricultural industries......
Unemployed...................................
Unemployment rate................
Not in labor force..................................
1 Includes persons of Central or South American origin and of other His
panic origin, nut shown separately.
26
—
34
20
37.1
122
—
25
18
42.5
128
—
32
22
40.7
121
2 Data not shown where base is less than 35,000.
—
30
5
13.9
35
—
—
25
7
(’)
45
22
8
(*)
33
Table 9. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in metropolitan and
nonmetropolitan areas by sex, age, and race, 1980-82
[Numbers in thousands]
Nonmetropolitan areas
Metropolitan areas
Employment status, sex, race
Total
1980
1981
Central cities
1982
1980
1981
1982
Nonfarm
Farm
Total
Suburbs
1980
1981
1982
1980
1981
1982
1980
1981
1982
1980
1981
1982
66,672
44,141
66.2
41,417
2,724
6.2
22,530
68,148
45,271
66.4
42,304
2,966
6.6
22,878
69,366
46,189
66.6
42,269
3,921
8.5
23,177
53,658
33,027
61.6
30,613
2,415
7.3
20,631
54,425
33,620
61.8
30,963
2,657
7.9
20,805
54,727
33,740
61.7
30,335
3,405
10.1
20,988
4,575
2,912
63.7
2,820
94
3.2
1,662
4,389
2,817
64.2
2,719
98
3.5
1,571
4,192
2,725
65.0
2,603
122
4.5
1,467
49,083
30,124
61.4
27,794
2,321
7.7
18,968
50,036
30,803
61.6
28,244
2,559
8.3
19,234
50,535
31,015
61.4
27,732
3,283
10.6
19,521
TO TAL
Civilian noninstitutional population...... 114,088 115,705 117,544 47,417 47,557 48,178
Civilian labor fo rce............................. 73,911 75,048 76,465 29,769 29,777 30,276
Percent of population.................
64.8
64.9
65.1
62.8
62.6
62.8
Employed......................................... 68,688 69,433 69,192 27,271 27,129 26,923
2,498
Unemployed....................................
5,223
5,615
7,273
2,649 3,352
Unemployment rate....................
7.1
9.5
8.4
8.9
11.1
7.5
Not in labor force............................... 40,177 40,657 41,079 17,648 17,779 17,902
M en , 20 y e a rs an d o v e r
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force.............................
Percent of population.................
Employed.........................................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate....................
Not in labor force...............................
48,270
38,811
80.4
36,519
2,292
5.9
9,458
49,206
39,365
80.0
36,898
2,467
6.3
9,841
50,175 19,698 19,906 20,227 28,572 29,300 29,948 22,866 23,212 23,469 2,085 2,006 1,923 20,782 21,206 21,546
40,025 15,279 15,335 15,620 23,532 24,030 24,405 17,644 17,832 17,955 1,704 1,638 1,588 15,940 16,194 16,367
76.4
76.0
76.7
79.8
77.6
77.0
77.2
82.4
82.0
77.2
76.8
76.5 81.7 81.7 82.6
81.5
36,551 14,158 14,150 13,982 22,361 22,748 22,569 16,582 16,684 16,340 1,670 1,603 1,532 14,912 15,081 14,808
57 1,026 1,112 1,558
3,473 1,122 1,185 1,638 1,170 1,282 1,835 1,059 1,147 1,615
33
35
6.4
6.9
9.5
8.7
6.4
3.6
7.3
7.7
10.5
5.0
5.3
7.5
6.0
9.0
1.9
2.1
381
368
335 4,845 5,013 5,179
10,151 4,415 4,570 4,607 5,043 5,271 5,544 5,225 5,381 5,514
54,702
28,799
52.6
27,023
1,778
6.2
25,091
55,642
29,677
53.3
27,723
1,955
6.6
25,964
56,724
30,662
54.1
28,200
2,461
8.0
26,062
23,310
12,163
52.2
11,309
855
7.0
11,147
23,465
12,330
52.5
11,388
942
7.6
11,134
23,858
12,638
53.0
11,499
1,138
9.0
11,220
31,392
16,636
53.0
15,715
922
5.5
14,754
32,177
17,347
53.9
16,335
1,013
5.8
14,830
32,866
18,024
54.8
16,701
1,323
7.3
14,842
25,363
12,306
48.5
11,468
836
6.8
13,058
25,855
12,807
49.5
11,867
939
7.3
13,049
1,115
6,298
56.7
5,148
1,151
18.3
4,817
10,857
6,005
55.3
4,813
1,192
19.9
4,851
10,644
5,778
54.3
4,440
1,338
23.2
4,866
4,411
2,324
52.7
1,802
520
22.4
2,087
4,186
2,112
50.5
1,590
520
24.6
2,074
4,092
2,017
49.3
1,441
576
28.6
2,076
6,705
3,975
59.3
3,346
631
15.9
2,730
6,671
3,893
58.4
3,233
672
17.3
2,777
6,552
3,761
57.4
2,999
762
20.3
2,790
5,428
3,078
56.7
2,561
518
16.8
2,350
5,357
2,981
55.7
2,412
570
19.1
2,376
5,119
2,747
53.7
2,109
638
23.2
2,371
527
310
58.8
282
28
60.1
9 .0
97,292
63,373
65.1
59,517
3,856
6.1
33,918
98,475
64,339
65.3
60,227
4,112
6.4
34,136
99,824
65,364
65.5
59,980
5,384
8.2
34,460
35,812
22,733
63.5
21,238
1,496
6.6
13,077
35,714
22,707
63.6
21,151
1,556
6.9
13,007
36,074
23,019
63.8
21,018
2,001
8.7
13,054
61,479
40,640
66.1
38,279
2,360
5.8
20,841
62,761
41,632
66.3
39,076
2,556
6.1
21,129
63,750
42,345
66.4
38,962
3,383
8.0
21,406
48,831
30,225
61.9
28,197
2,028
6.7
18,606
49,433
30,711
62.1
28,481
2,230
7.3
18,722
13,749
8,514
61.9
7,290
1,225
14.4
14,036
8,654
61.7
7,289
1,365
15.8
5,382
14,305 10,055 10,219 10,360
8,879 6,025 6,061 6,148
62.1
59.9
59.3
59.3
7,206 5,097 5,039 4,913
1,673
929 1,023 1,234
18.8
15.4
16.9
20.1
5 ,426
4,029 4,158 4,211
3,694
2,489
67.4
2,193
296
11.9
1,205
3,817
2,593
67.9
2,250
342
13.2
1,224
3,945
2,731
69.2
2,293
439
16.1
1,215
4,075
2,352
57.7
2,023
328
13.9
1,726
4,183
2,432
58.1
2,066
366
15.1
1,752
W o m e n , 20 y e a rs and o v e r
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor fo rce.............................
Percent of population................
Employed.........................................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate....................
Not in labor force...............................
26,140 1,963 1,911 1,837 23,399 23,944 24,303
896
13,037
899
882 11,407 11,911 12,155
49.7
50.0
49.9 45.8 46.9 48.0
48.7
866
858
846 10,603 11,009 11,040
11,886
803
901 1,115
1,151
33
38
36
7.6
9.2
3.7
4.1
7.0
8.8
4.2
955 11,993 12,034 12,148
13,103 1,065 1,015
B o t h s e x e s , 1 6 t o 19 y e a r s
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor fo rce.............................
Percent of population................
Employed.........................................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate....................
Not in labor force...............................
4,901
2,768
56.5
25
431
254
58.8
225
28
490
4,885
2,697
55.2
2,153
545
8 .8
1 1 .2
217
188
178
17.7
2,133
2,188
4,688
2,493
53.2
1,884
610
24.5
2,193
49,617
30,779
62.0
27,922
2,857
9.3
18,838
4,293
2,764
64.4
2,684
79
2.9
1,531
4,128
2,680
64.9
2,596
83
3.1
1,449
4,002
2,625
65.6
2,518
107
4.1
1,377
44,538
27,462
61.7
25,513
1,949
7.1
17,076
45,305
28,031
61.9
25,885
2,147
7.7
17,273
45,615
28,154
61.7
25,404
2,750
9.8
17,461
4,280
2,452
57.3
1,983
469
19.1
1,828
204
105
51.5
95
194
100
51.6
88
142
72
50.7
61
3,871
2,247
58.0
1,928
319
14.2
1,626
3,989
2,332
58.5
1,978
354
15.2
1,658
4,138
2,380
57.5
1,922
458
19.2
1,758
472
284
259
2 ,2 7 9
2 0 .2
W h it e
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force.............................
Percent of population.................
Employed.........................................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate....................
Not in labor force...............................
B la c k
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor fo rce.............................
Percent of population................
Employed.........................................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate....................
Not in labor force...............................
5,234
27
9
12
11
8.6
100
12.0
94
15.5
70
Table 10. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population in poverty and nonpoverty
areas by race, 1980-82
[Numbers in thousands]
Metropolitan areas
Total United States
Employment status and race
Poverty areas
1980
1981
30,246
16,973
56.1
15,280
1,692
10.0
8.2
9.1
24.3
13,273
30,304
17,100
56.4
15,268
1,831
10.7
9.0
9.8
25.9
13,204
1982
Nonpoverty areas
1980
1981
1982
Poverty areas
1980
1981
1982
Nonmetropolitan areas
Nonpoverty areas
1980
1981
1982
Poverty areas
1980
1981
1982
Nonpoverty areas
1980
1981
1982
TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population....
Civilian labor force............................
Percent of population...............
Em ployed.......................................
Unemployed...................................
Unemployment rate...................
Men 20 years and over.......
Women 20 years and over..
Both sexes, 16-19 years.....
Not in labor force..............................
30,124 137,499 139,826 142,147 11,451 11,472 11,322 102,637 104,233 106,222 18,795 18,832 18,803 34,862 35,592
16,996 89,965 91,568 93,209 6,201 6,251 6,186 67,710 68,797 70,279 10,771 10,848 10,810 22,255 22,772
56.4
65.4
64.0
65.5
65.6
54.2
54.5
54.6
66.0
66.0
66.2
57.3
57.6
57.5
63.8
14,756 84,021 85,128 84,770 5,356 5,352 5,123 63,333 64,082 64,069 9,923 9,916 9,633 20,690 21,047
2,240
5,943
6,440
8,439
845
900 1,063
4,377
4,715
6,210
848
932 1,177 1,565 1,725
14.4
13.2
6.6
7.0
9.1
13.6
6.5
6.9
8.8
7.9
8.6
10.9
7.0
7.6
17.2
6.2
11.8
5.5
5.8
8.2
11.4
12.8
16.2
5.4
5.7
8.0
6.4
6.8
9.4
5.8
11.3
5.9
6.3
7.7
11.7
12.3
13.9
5.7
6.1
7.5
7.4
8.2
9.7
6.5
6.9
18.4
34.9
16.7
18.1
31.6
16.5
21.6
34.4
41.0
18.5
21.6
18.2
21.2
26.5
16.1
13,129 47,534 48,257 48,938 5,249 5,220 5,136 34,926 35,437 35,943 8,024 7,984 7,993 12,607 12,821
35,924
22,930
63.8
20,701
2,228
9.7
8.8
8.4
21.7
12,995
W h it e
Civilian noninstitutional population.... 21,392 21,366 21,202 124,732 126,543 128,239
Civilian labor force............................ 12,293 12,371 12,274 81,305 82,679 83,869
57.9
57.9
65.2
65.3
65.4
Em ployed....................................... 11,366 11,383 11,041 76,350 77,325 76,861
927
Unemployed...................................
988 1,233
4,956
5,354
7,008
Unemployment rate...................
8.4
8.0
7.5
10.0
6.1
6.5
Men, 20 years and over......
6.3
6.8
9.0
5.4
5.1
7.6
Women, 20 years and
o v er.....................................
5.7
6.8
7.0
8.4
5.4
7.1
Both sexes, 16-19 years.....
18.1
20.1
24.6
15.1
16.8
19.8
Not in labor force.............................. 9,098 8,995 8,928 43,425 43,863 44,370
5,785
3,239
56.0
2,912
328
10.1
8.7
5,837
3,324
57.0
2,991
333
10.0
9.4
5,749 91,507 92,638 94,075 15,608 15,529 15,453 33,223 33,904 34,164
3,275 60,135 61,015 62,089 9,054 9,047 8,999 21,170 21,664 21,780
63.7
63.9
63.8
57.0 Percent
65.7of population...............
65.9
66.0
58.057.5 58.3
58.2
2,866 56,606 57,236 57,114 8,454 8,392 8,175 19,742 20,089 19,747
409
3,528
3,778
654
824 1,427 1,575 2,033
4,975
599
6.7
9.3
12.5
5.9
6.2
8.0
6.6
7.2
9.2
7.3
4.9
11.8
5.6
6.0
8.5
5.2
7.3
5.5
5.8
8.0
8.8
25.0
2,545
7.9
24.6
2,513
10.0
30.4
2,473
5.1
15.1
31,372
5.4
16.6
31,623
6.8
19.4
31,986
6.1
15.8
6,553
6.6
18.6
6,482
8.0
7.9
6.2
6.6
17.4
20.9
22.7
15.3
6,454 12,053 12,240 12,384
B la c k
Civilian noninstitutional population....
Civilian labor force............................
Percent of population..............
Em ployed.......................................
Unemployed...................................
Unemployment rate...................
Men, 20 years and over......
Women, 20 years and
o v e r.....................................
Both sexes, 16-19 years.....
Not in labor force..............................
8,244
4,342
52.7
3,621
720
16.6
14.0
8,301
4,382
52.8
3,584
798
18.2
15.8
8,285
4,364
52.7
3,414
950
21.8
20.5
9,580
6,524
68.1
5,691
831
12.7
11.3
9,918
6,703
67.6
5,770
933
13.9
11.9
10,299
6,967
67.6
5,775
1,192
17.1
16.1
5,381
2,800
52.0
2,300
498
17.8
15.4
5,350
2,776
51.9
2,225
550
19.8
17.9
5,279
2,742
51.9
2,110
631
23.0
22.8
8,367
5,715
68.3
4,989
727
12.7
11.4
8,686
5,878
67.7
5,064
815
13.9
11.9
9,026
6,137
68.0
5,096
1,042
17.0
16.2
2,862
1,541
53.8
1,321
222
14.4
11.7
2,951
1,606
54.4
1,359
248
15.4
12.3
3,006
1,622
54.0
1,304
319
19.6
16.8
1,213
807
66.5
703
105
13.0
10.7
1,232
825
67.0
707
118
14.3
12.2
1,274
829
65.1
679
150
18.1
15.0
14.1
41.4
3,902
16.1
41.4
3,919
17.9
50.9
3,921
10.4
36.3
3,056
11.7
41.4
3,215
13.9
45.9
3,333
14.5
45.7
2,581
16.7
44.3
2,574
18.0
52.8
2,537
10.3
36.3
2,652
11.7
42.1
2,808
13.6
46.2
2,888
13.6
32.8
1,321
14.9
35.8
1,345
17.7
47.7
1,383
11.0
37.1
406
12.1
37.6
407
16.6
44.1
444
using income thresholds adopted by a Federal interagency committee in
1969. These thresholds vary by family size, composition, and residence
(farm or nonfarm).
N o t e : Poverty areas classification consists of all census geographical di
visions in which 20 percent or more of the residents were poor according to
the 1970 decennial census. Persons were classified as poor or nonpoor by
28
Table 11. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and
Hispanic origin, 1980-82
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and age
Black
White
Hispanic origin
1982
1980
1981
1982
7,272
6,996
96.2
6,578
418
6.0
276
7,315
7,036
96.2
6,602
434
6.2
279
7,073
6,775
95.8
6,152
423
9.2
298
6,514
6,293
96.6
5,958
335
5.3
221
6,536
6,324
96.8
5,963
361
5.7
212
6,293
6,068
96.4
5,564
504
8.3
225
653
605
92.6
528
74
12.2
48
672
613
91.2
544
67
10.9
59
689
622
90.3
512
108
17.4
67
269
252
93.7
236
16
6.3
17
276
261
94.6
241
20
7.7
15
278
266
95.7
238
28
10.5
12
1,713
1,612
94.1
1,452
160
9.9
101
1,486
1,386
93.3
1,250
136
9.8
100
1,200
1,116
93.0
945
171
15.3
84
1,480
1,397
94.4
1,276
121
8.7
83
1,281
1,208
94.3
1,100
108
8.9
73
1,018
960
94.3
830
130
13.5
58
208
191
91.8
155
35
18.3
17
185
160
86.5
134
26
16.3
25
167
143
85.6
104
38
26.6
24
87
79
90.8
73
6
7.6
8
80
75
93.8
70
5
6.7
5
46
45
97.8
40
5
11.1
1
3,574
3,460
96.8
3,285
176
5.1
114
3,325
3,217
96.8
3,033
184
5.7
108
2,909
2,786
95.8
2,541
245
8.8
123
3,242
3,152
97.2
3,005
147
4.7
92
2,991
2,909
97.3
2,753
156
5.4
83
2,586
2,492
96.4
2,291
201
8.1
94
285
266
93.3
239
26
9.8
19
286
264
92.3
237
26
9.8
22
286
259
90.6
219
40
15.4
27
120
115
95.8
109
6
5.2
5
111
107
96.4
98
9
8.4
4
125
119
95.2
104
15
12.6
6
1,985
1,924
96.9
1,841
83
4.3
61
2,504
2,433
97.2
2,319
114
4.7
71
2,964
2,873
96.9
2,666
207
7.2
91
1,791
1,743
97.3
1,676
67
3.8
48
2,264
2,207
97.5
2,110
97
4.4
57
2,689
2,616
97.3
2,443
173
6.6
73
160
148
87.5
134
13
8.8
12
201
189
94.0
173
15
7.9
12
236
220
93.2
189
30
13.6
16
62
58
93.5
54
4
6.9
4
85
79
92.9
73
6
7.6
6
107
102
95.3
94
8
7.8
5
16,321
15,489
94.9
14,555
935
6.0
832
17,215
16,297
94.7
15,265
1,032
6.3
918
18,287
17,333
94.8
15,751
1,582
9.1
954
14,027
13,445
95.8
12,735
710
5.3
582
14,814
14,185
95.8
13,400
785
5.5
629
15,757
15,086
95.7
13,876
1,210
8.0
671
1,744
1,561
89.5
1,371
190
12.2
183
1,816
1,605
88.4
1,386
221
13.8
209
1,885
1,683
89.3
1,368
316
18.8
202
1,232
1,155
93.8
1,061
94
8.1
77
1,342
1,255
93.5
1,148
107
8.5
87
1,390
1,303
93.7
1,149
154
11.8
87
7,534
7,114
94.4
6,582
532
7.5
420
7,858
7,402
94.2
6,843
559
7.6
456
8,188
7,720
94.3
6,877
843
10.9
468
6,556
6,250
95.3
5,833
417
6.7
306
6,828
6,510
95.3
6,077
433
6.7
318
7,115
6,783
95.3
6,127
656
9.7
332
769
691
89.9
592
99
14.3
78
802
706
88.0
593
113
16.0
96
824
734
89.1
573
162
22.1
90
540
503
93.1
458
45
8.9
37
593
555
93.6
506
49
8.8
38
600
562
93.7
488
74
13.2
38
1981
1980
1982
1981
1980
1982
1981
1980
VETERANS
25 to 39 years
Civilian noninstitutional population........
Civilian labor force.............................
Percent of population.................
Employed.........................................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.....................
Not in labor force...............................
25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population........
Civilian labor force.............................
Percent of population.................
Employed.........................................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate....................
Not in labor force...............................
30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population........
Civilian labor force.............................
Percent of population..................
Employed.........................................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate....................
Not in labor force...............................
35 to 39 years
Civilian noninstitutional population........
Civilian labor force.............................
Percent of population.................
Employed.........................................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.....................
Not in labor force...............................
N O N VETER A N S
25 to 39 years
Civilian noninstitutional population........
Civilian labor force.............................
Percent of population.................
Employed.........................................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate....................
Not in labor force...............................
25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population........
Civilian labor force.............................
Percent of population.................
Employed.........................................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate....................
Not in labor force...............................
See footnote at end of table.
29
Table 11. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, race, and
Hispanic origin, 1980-82—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and age
Black
White
Hispanic origin
1980
1981
1982
1980
1981
1982
4,837
4,619
95.5
4,368
250
5.4
218
5,472
5,209
95.2
4,904
305
5.9
263
5,999
5,719
95.3
5,260
459
8.0
280
4,109
3,960
96.4
3,778
182
4.6
149
4,677
4,500
96.2
4,274
226
5.0
177
5,151
4,954
96.2
4,609
345
7.0
197
534
482
90.3
427
55
11.4
50
587
524
89.3
454
71
13.5
62
614
551
89.7
456
95
17.2
63
395
371
93.9
341
30
8.1
24
434
409
94.2
371
38
9.3
25
450
427
94.9
378
49
11.5
23
3,950
3,757
95.1
3,605
152
4.1
193
3,885
3,686
94.9
3,518
168
4.6
199
4,100
3,894
95.0
3,614
280
7.2
116
3,363
3,235
96.2
3,123
112
3.5
128
3,309
3,175
96.0
3,049
126
4.0
134
3,491
3,349
95.9
3,140
209
6.2.
142
441
388
88.0
352
36
9.3
51
427
375
87.8
339
37
9.9
51
447
398
89.0
339
59
14.8
49
298
282
94.6
263
19
6.7
16
315
291
92.4
271
20
6.9
24
340
314
92.4
283
31
9.9
26
1980
1981
1982
1980
1981
1982
30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population........
Civilian labor force.............................
Percent of population..................
Employed.........................................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate....................
Not in labor force...............................
35 to 39 years
Civilian noninstitutional population........
Civilian labor force.............................
Percent of population..................
Employed.........................................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate....................
Not in labor force...............................
became effective October 17, 1980, requires publication of labor market
data for veterans who actually served in the Vietnam theater of operations,
these data are not presently collected. Because of the widespread interest
in statistics for all Vietnam-era veterans, the BLS is continuing publication
of annual data for this group since these data are currently available.
N o t e : Male Vietnam-era veterans are those who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964, and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men
who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to
those 25 to 39 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the
bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population. Although Public Law 96-466
(the Veterans Rehabilitation and Education Amendments of 1980), which
30
Table 12. Persons not in the labor force by sex, race, and age, 1948-82
[In thousands]
Sex, year, and race
16 years
and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
Men
1948..............................
1949..............................
6,710
6,825
1,019
1,006
460
463
854
725
441
462
202
205
348
372
678
821
2,710
2,773
1950..............................
1951..............................
1952..............................
1953 * ...........................
1954..............................
6,906
6,725
6,832
7,117
7,431
996
958
1,020
1,052
1,151
463
421
437
452
507
639
517
451
428
458
437
334
270
282
295
242
251
220
196
206
356
347
330
308
316
871
864
849
823
780
2,904
3,034
3,255
3,576
3,716
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
7,634
7,633
8,118
8,514
8,907
1,155
1,096
1,157
1,302
1,475
499
491
510
562
581
488
486
540
568
548
263
299
318
311
280
209
226
235
233
251
326
321
347
355
394
840
812
887
875
915
3,856
3,902
4,125
4,305
4,463
1960 1...........................
1961..............................
19621 ............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
9,274
9,633
10,231
10,792
11,169
1,515
1,531
1,587
1,642
2,005
663
788
794
748
788
556
589
646
727
766
262
265
288
290
270
263
274
274
289
312
427
445
447
439
446
973
953
1,050
1,066
1,133
4,615
4,786
5,145
5,391
5,451
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
11,527
11,792
11,919
12,315
12,677
1,956
1,868
1,871
1,948
1,972
965
1,106
1,034
1,054
1,087
807
844
934
1,057
1,097
280
276
290
334
369
306
312
303
315
334
467
499
517
552
592
1,227
1,253
1,281
1,312
1,406
5,518
5,635
5,692
5,743
5,821
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972 1 ...........................
1973 1 ...........................
1974..............................
13,076
13,762
14,280
14,667
15,069
2,038
2,099
2,127
2,078
2,093
1,100
1,162
1,103
1,086
1,060
1,144
1,278
1,296
1,246
1,213
423
497
562
587
597
340
374
391
408
434
636
678
755
787
884
1,465
1,557
1,741
1,963
2,078
5,928
6,118
6,305
6,513
6,710
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1 ...........................
1979......................... .
15,993
16,585
16,797
16,956
17,293
2,186
2,197
2,135
2,068
2,060
1,142
1,160
1,107
1,092
1,139
1,385
1,373
1,369
1,366
1,339
708
743
756
783
805
476
510
489
506
514
896
950
986
962
936
2,262
2,424
2,516
2,607
2,694
6,937
7,228
7,440
7,572
7,803
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
17,945
18,537
19,073
2,095
2,130
2,135
1,167
1,185
1,274
1,416
1,468
1,531
863
948
994
564
593
630
955
928
942
2,800
2,981
3,041
7,186
8,303
8,526
1948..............................
1949..............................
35,737
35,883
1,466
1,426
1,071
1,032
3,285
3,249
7,912
7,955
6,500
6,486
5,511
5,524
4,879
4,957
5,114
5,253
1950..............................
1951 ..............................
1952..............................
1953 1 ...........................
1954..............................
35,881
35,879
36,261
36,924
37,247
1,422
1,395
1,408
1,462
1,542
1,048
989
996
1,022
1,048
3,136
3,058
3,100
3,050
2,953
7,958
7,842
7,870
8,084
8,024
6,486
6,513
6,535
6,627
6,708
5,442
5,379
5,426
5,434
5,465
4,966
5,033
5,060
4,982
5,037
5,423
5,671
5,867
6,262
6,469
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
37,026
36,769
37,218
37,574
38,053
1,574
1,508
1,587
1,752
1,891
1,044
1,043
1,083
1,110
1,180
2,884
2,847
2,879
2,895
3,014
7,930
7,814
7,705
7,583
7,488
6,740
6,648
6,705
6,765
6,831
5,326
5,285
5,311
5,298
5,291
4,959
4,874
4,987
5,018
4,993
6,569
6,751
6,961
7,154
7,365
1960 1 ...........................
1961..............................
1962 1 ...........................
1963..............................
1964..............................
38,343
38,679
39,308
39,791
40,225
1,963
1,946
1,998
2,289
2,522
1,205
1,314
1,359
1,355
1,410
3,014
3,042
3,125
3,265
3,287
7,354
7,247
7,194
7,062
7,044
6,905
6,911
6,935
6,872
6,859
5,323
5,379
5,374
5,368
5,370
5,051
5,087
5,067
5,067
5,122
7,528
7,753
8,256
8,514
8,610
W om en
See footnote at end of table.
31
Table 12. Persons not In the labor force by sex, race, and age, 1948-82—Continued
[In thousands]
Sex, year, and race
16 years
and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
W om en— C ontinued
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
40,531
40,496
40,608
40,976
40,924
2,494
2,382
2,399
2,436
2,442
1,605
1,680
1,659
1,642
1,626
3,376
3,387
3,478
3,529
3,512
6,906
6,811
6,716
6,871
6,942
6,685
6,530
6,309
6,131
5,918
5,505
5,496
5,568
5,585
5,485
5,151
5,181
5,238
5,340
5,389
8,808
9,029
9,243
9,442
9,611
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972 1 ...........................
1973 1 ...........................
1974..............................
41,239
42,072
42,811
43,000
43,101
2,472
2,559
2,530
2,484
2,470
1,660
1,735
1,691
1,689
1,690
3,582
3,736
3,717
3,601
3,467
6,977
7,127
7,220
7,212
7,188
5,711
5,596
5,570
5,387
5,266
5,476
5,542
5,617
5,663
5,565
5,502
5,637
5,856
6,063
6,156
9,859
10,139
10,604
10,903
11,300
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1 ...........................
1979..............................
43,386
43,406
43,227
42,703
42,608
2,495
2,478
2,429
2,289
2,251
1,726
1,723
1,667
1,595
1,569
3,461
3,454
3,387
3,272
3,246
7,138
7,006
6,860
6,605
6,519
5,147
4,970
4,865
4,772
4,662
5,555
5,478
5,332
5,124
4,918
6,235
6,339
6,464
6,524
6,586
11,631
11,960
12,222
12,523
12,859
1980..............................
1981 ..............................
1982..............................
42,861
42,922
42,993
2,302
2,291
2,243
1,601
1,619
1,585
3,297
3,254
3,232
6,468
6,437
6,312
4,551
4,488
4,550
4,697
4,524
4,433
6,736
6,806
6,807
13,210
13,504
13,831
1954 ..............................
1955 ..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
6,702
6,881
6,870
7,301
7,667
8,013
1,007
1,011
952
1,008
1,139,
1,293
459
442
435
442
491
508
418
439
430
485
505
495
253
216
257
274
270
238
172
170
186
198
196
205
258
276
271
289
300
328
687
745
719
783
774
806
3,449
3,581
3,621
3,822
3,990
4,140
1960 1 ...........................
1961 ..............................
1962 1 ...........................
1963..............................
1964..............................
8,325
8,624
9,124
9,629
9,976
1,336
1,340
1,385
1,609
1,746
580
701
703
656
688
495
523
580
655
696
220
218
234
234
223
212
217
210
230
246
353
372
371
353
363
860
831
922
941
992
4,266
4,422
4,719
4,952
5,021
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
10,283
10,491
10,566
10,881
11,164
1,691
1,600
1,594
1,649
1,663
852
967
886
903
929
738
774
842
944
974
234
225
238
275
300
240
243
229
240
251
387
404
429
450
483
1,073
1,112
1,126
1,158
1,238
5,070
5,164
5,224
5,262
5,325
1970..............................
1971 ..............................
1972 1...........................
1973 1...........................
1974..............................
11,482
11,997
12,356
12,660
12,949
1,700
1,731
1,746
1,681
1,682
929
969
903
883
857
1,000
1,098
1,104
1,039
1,005
342
397
456
453
464
263
283
290
301
318
512
538
605
654
708
1,305
1,384
1,527
1,725
1,824
5,432
5,596
5,727
5,923
6,090
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1 ...........................
1979..............................
13,658
14,099
14,269
14,446
14,690
1,738
1,740
1,676
1,617
1,594
903
896
852
841
876
1,124
1,097
1,079
1,061
1,048
552
563
564
590
593
348
385
371
377
380
718
754
781
778
762
1,988
2,119
2,216
2,318
2,378
6,288
6,545
6,731
6,863
7,059
1980..............................
1981 ..............................
1982..............................
15,162
15,585
16,078
1,627
1,650
1,647
890
891
976
1,102
1,124
1,182
635
665
711
407
431
467
759
724
736
2,442
2,609
2,669
7,299
7,491
7,689
34,186
33,917
33,679
34,077
34,432
34,837
1,332
1,353
1,299
1,363
1,517
1,639
881
890
889
920
938
992
2,622
2,534
2,484
2,523
2,543
2.659
7,338
7,260
7,154
7,023
6,909
6,807
6,202
6,211
6,126
6,199
6,281
6,333
5,051
4,912
4,866
4,893
4,897
4,881
4,715
4,615
4,542
4,642
4,653
4,642
6,044
6,142
6,319
6,515
6,691
6,886
W HITE
Men
W om en
1954..............................
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957 ..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
See footnote at end of table.
32
Table 12. Persons not in the labor force by sex, race, and age, 1948-82—Continued
[In thousands]
Sex, year, and race
16 years
and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
W om en— C on tin ued
1960 1...........................
1961..............................
1962 1 ...........................
1963..............................
1964..............................
35,044
35,326
35,841
36,246
36,637
1,702
1,678
1,724
1,990
2,180
1,030
1,132
1,178
1,166
1,221
2,645
2,654
2,740
2,877
2,921
6,656
6,568
6,522
6,404
6,379
6,387
6,395
6,388
6,309
6,277
4,903
4,956
4,950
4,940
4,953
4,688
4,700
4,672
4,673
4,727
7,030
7,242
7,666
7,887
7,979
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
36,865
36,801
36,835
37,089
36,970
2,137
2,026
2,026
2,057
2,057
1,374
1,442
1,428
1,393
1,362
3,008
2,997
3,070
3,132
3,089
6,258
6,172
6,104
6,230
6,301
6,119
5,976
5,752
5,551
5,341
5,056
5,049
5,094
5,104
5,006
4,751
4,774
4,803
4,892
4,935
8,163
8,365
8,558
8,730
8,878
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972 1 ...........................
1973 1 ...........................
1974..............................
37,138
37,798
38,275
38,289
38,186
2,067
2,124
2,069
2,022
1,991
1,386
1,432
1,392
1,371
1,355
3,120
3,221
3,187
3,043
2,895
6,308
6,453
6,517
6,467
6,385
5,140
5,037
4,984
4,790
4,666
4,979
5,024
5,062
5,081
4,976
5,031
5,149
5,321
5,518
5,579
9,107
9,357
9,742
9,995
10,339
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1 ...........................
1979..............................
38,301
38,239
37,969
37,533
37,279
2,020
1,976
1,912
1,800
1,767
1,381
1,356
1,303
1,248
1,208
2,836
2,826
2,758
2,669
2,602
6,296
6,203
6,042
5,798
5,676
4,540
4,354
4,256
4,201
4,076
4,955
4,875
4,741
4,539
4,331
5,643
5,729
5,828
5,879
5,925
10,630
10,920
11,129
11,397
11,691
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
37,361
37,272
37,220
1,799
1,780
1,735
1,227
1,234
1,199
2,614
2,559
2,531
5,590
5,494
5,338
3,956
3,902
3,952
4,122
3,949
3,863
6,062
6,111
6,090
11,991
12,243
12,513
1972..............................
1973 1 ...........................
1974..............................
1,722
1,780
1,855
345
364
365
181
182
180
160
160
158
93
110
102
91
92
102
139
120
159
198
219
234
514
531
555
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1 ...........................
1979..............................
2,044
2,164
2,168
2,143
2,201
397
411
408
393
402
207
233
217
208
218
212
216
224
237
223
124
138
148
153
161
112
108
99
106
110
164
175
180
166
154
249
270
271
254
285
580
607
620
623
648
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
2,333
2,433
2,480
402
408
419
228
240
242
236
248
260
169
212
214
130
131
130
169
174
179
316
320
323
684
701
712
1972..............................
1973 1 ...........................
1974..............................
4,098
4,162
4,308
423
423
439
279
292
299
474
483
487
609
605
644
502
500
503
504
524
527
494
496
528
809
839
881
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1 ...........................
1979..............................
4,444
4,471
4,504
4,396
4,517
437
449
463
434
425
315
333
323
305
318
539
543
535
507
540
668
626
621
605
643
507
502
499
466
465
527
526
516
500
502
539
541
550
560
571
917
951
995
1,019
1,052
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
4,627
4,701
4,773
443
445
432
326
333
336
568
566
588
667
713
732
476
463
453
483
478
475
576
584
600
1,089
1,120
1,159
BLACK
Men
W om en
1 See footnote 1, table 1.
33
Table 13. Job desire of persons not in the labor force and reasons for not seeking work by sex and
race, 1970-82
[In thousands]
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
55,834
51,407
57,091
52,597
57,667
53,154
58,171
53,656
59,377
54,102
59,991
54,756
60,025
54,238
59,659
54,212
59,900
54,472
60,806
55,131
61,460
55,623
62,067
55,508
6,397
4,086
32,280
6,187
2,458
4,427
6,345
4,333
32,525
6,742
2,654
4,493
6,178
4,595
32,351
7,238
2,792
4,510
6,077
4,830
32,213
7,474
3,062
4,514
6,393
4,834
31,666
7,970
3,239
5,271
6,507
4,767
31,159
8,736
3,587
5,233
6,344
4,610
30,689
9,130
3,466
5,775
6,303
4,601
30,039
9,552
3,716
5,446
6,144
4,610
29,581
10,143
3,994
5,427
6,350
4,460
29,278
10,963
4,080
5,675
6,430
4,271
28,780
11,821
4,321
5,835
6,427
4,034
28,409
12,326
4,312
6,559
1,248
558
1,003
778
539
236
838
1,210
635
1,080
771
544
227
797
1,242
625
1,030
689
496
188
924
1,213
656
1,030
695
471
226
920
1,462
680
1,125
1,093
863
230
909
1,471
657
1,190
925
653
271
990
1,567
764
1,275
1,026
705
320
1,143
1,412
733
1,251
863
583
281
1,187
1,470
757
1,268
771
515
257
1,161
1,511
755
1,267
993
664
329
1,148
1,558
769
1,280
1,103
808
296
1,125
1,732
769
1,391
1,568
1,181
386
1,099
13,076
11,871
13,762
12,404
14,280
12,920
14,667
13,249
15,069
13,679
15,993
14,321
16,585
14,956
16,797
15,013
16,956
15,225
17,293
15,559
17,945
16,118
18,537
16,620
19,073
16,862
3,057
2,046
201
5,218
1,347
1,203
3,257
2,138
220
5,420
1,366
1,355
3,240
2,257
189
5,732
1,499
1,358
3,151
2,407
206
5,970
1,514
1,413
3,034
2,570
213
6,184
1,677
1,389
3,249
2,571
221
6,499
1,780
1,671
3,277
2,608
224
6,901
1,945
1,630
3,158
2,544
267
7,174
1,870
1,783
3,163
2,476
274
7,359
1,954
1,731
3,079
2,483
289
7,604
2,103
1,732
3,173
2,387
302
8,055
2,201
1,827
3,194
2,269
282
8,519
2,356
1,916
3,230
2,187
309
8,824
2,312
2,212
564
207
639
256
617
271
656
276
626
275
751
302
739
284
788
327
716
331
743
338
757
331
780
360
923
325
221
208
239
218
241
227
226
253
230
258
364
254
326
281
323
346
311
372
286
365
359
380
399
377
587
377
Total not in labor force........ 41,239
Do not want a job now.... 38,558
Current activity:
2,998
Going to school.........
Ill, disabled.................
1,825
Keeping house.......... 31,976
Retired.......................
704
Other.........................
1,051
Want a job now................
2,678
Reason not looking:
School attendance....
511
Ill health, disability....
280
Home responsibil907
ities.......................
Think cannot get
job.........................
416
560
Other reasons..........
42,072
39,003
42,811
39,677
43,000
39,904
43,101
39,977
43,386
39,781
43,406
39,800
43,227
39,226
42,703
38,986
42,608
38,913
42,861
39,014
42,922
39,003
42,993
38,646
3,138
1,947
32,059
765
1,092
3,069
3,104
2,074
32,334
1,009
1,153
3,135
3,027
2,188
32,145
1,267
1,277
3,096
3,043
2,260
32,000
1,290
3,125
3,143
2,262
31,444
1,470
1,459
3,599
3,230
2,159
30,935
1,836
1,641
3,603
3,186
2,066
30,422
1,956
1,596
3,992
3,140
2,125
29,765
2,193
1,763
3,715
3,065
2,126
29,292
2,539
1,891
3,695
3,177
2,073
28,976
2,908
1,879
3,847
3,236
2,002
28,498
3,302
1,965
3,919
3,197
1,847
28,100
3,502
2,000
4,347
607
301
592
363
585
348
587
382
713
378
731
373
779
437
696
401
727
419
754
424
778
409
809
444
1,003
1,080
1,030
1,030
1,125
1,190
1,275
1,251
1,268
1,267
1,280
1,391
538
618
528
570
461
671
465
662
729
655
599
710
703
798
552
815
485
796
634
768
704
748
981
722
48,638
45,522
49,802
46,356
49,802
46,324
49,011
45,540
51,137
47,643
51,959
47,932
52,338
48,358
52,238
47,878
51,979
47,883
51,970
47,876
52,523
48,305
52,856
48,599
53,298
48,602
5,183
3,181
29,610
5,497
2,051
3,116
5,442
3,287
29,788
5,733
2,097
3,446
5,299
3,447
29,954
6,188
2,286
3,478
4,994
5,115
3,918
3,751
29,586 29,307
6,842
6,668
2,579
2,355
3,471 | 3,494
5,189
3,900
28,794
7,325
2,718
4,027
5,232
3,822
28,356
7,983
2,964
3,981
5,054
3,739
27,875
8,340
2,871
4,359
5,056
3,755
27,294
8,718
3,059
4,094
4,874
3,713
26,797
9,208
3,284
4,091
4,997
3,575
26,475
9,952
3,305
4,218
5,022
3,435
25,958
10,684
3,500
4,258
5,072
3,275
25,608
11,131
3,516
4,697
Job desire, sex, and race
1970
TO TA L
Total not in labor force........ 54,315
Do not want a job now.... 50,429
Current activity:
Going to school.........
6,056
Ill, disabled.................
3,872
Keeping house.......... 32,178
5,924
Retired.......................
Other.........................
2,399
Want a job now................
3,886
Reason not looking:
School attendance .... 1,076
Ill health, disability ....
489
Home responsibilities
907
Think cannot get job
639
Job-market factors
437
Personal factors ....
201
Other reasons1
770
Men
Total not in labor force........
Do not want a job now....
Current activity:
Going to school.........
Ill, disabled.................
Keeping house..........
Retired.......................
Other.........................
Want a job now................
Reason not looking:
School attendance....
Ill health, disability....
Think cannot get
job..........................
Other reasons 1.........
W om en
1 ,3 8 4
W HITE
Total not in labor force.......
Do not want a job now....
Current activity:
Going to school........
Ill, disabled................
Keeping house.........
Retired......................
Other........................
Want a job now..............
See footnotes at end of table.
34
Table 13. Job desire of persons not in the labor force and reasons for not seeking work by sex and
race, 1970-82—Continued
[In thousands]
Job desire, sex, and race
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
W H ITE — C ontinued
Reason not looking:
School attendance....
Ill health, disability....
Home responsibil
ities ........................
Think cannot get
job..........................
Other reasons 1.........
874
360
975
405
955
453
955
450
931
487
1,116
492
1,095
461
1,153
572
1,026
527
1,062
533
1,087
537
1,087
542
1,219
532
719
770
822
819
815
886
924
981
960
977
991
955
1,025
500
659
590
704
579
667
502
742
527
734
781
752
689
811
723
930
597
984
551
968
673
930
751
923
1,042
879
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
5,819
4,867
5,941
4,994
6,169
5,234
6,487
5,389
6,635
5,515
6,672
5,429
6,539
5,307
6,718
5,544
6,959
5,678
7,134
5,740
7,254
5,595
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
923
818
2,311
496
318
952
919
828
2,360
513
374
947
917
881
2,479
555
402
926
1,012
879
2,462
597
440
1,099
1,067
879
2,374
666
529
1,121
1,034
815
2,353
720
506
1,245
990
786
2,260
739
533
1,232
996
832
2,310
825
583
1,175
1,046
805
2,297
902
630
1,282
1,053
763
2,245
1,002
677
1,393
984
694
2,210
1,039
668
1,658
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
233
1,554
256
169
254
154
303
167
318
173
373
186
346
209
366
199
350
204
394
212
434
222
(2)
(2)
249
226
216
232
235
252
258
258
274
290
329
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
191
124
170
128
174
128
282
115
244
149
253
181
254
165
197
155
275
178
323
174
482
191
BLACK
Total not in labor force........
Do not want a job now....
Current activity:
Going to school.........
Ill, disabled................
Keeping house..........
Retired.......................
Other.........................
Want a job now...............
Reason not looking:
School attendance....
Ill health, disability....
Home responsibil
ities ........................
Think cannot get
job..........................
Other reasons 1.........
1 Includes a small number of men not looking for work because of “home
responsibilities.”
2 Not available.
N o t e : Detail may not add to not-in-labor-force totals because of differences in the weighting patterns used in aggregating these data.
35
Table 14. Employed civilians by sex, race, and age, 1948-82
[In thousands]
Sex, year, and race
16 years
and over
16 to 19 years
Total
20 years and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
TOTAL
1948..............................
1949..............................
58,343
57,651
4,026
3,712
1,600
1,466
2,426
2,246
54,318
53,940
6,937
6,660
13,801
13,639
13,050
13,108
10,624
10,636
7,103
7,042
2,804
2,864
1950..............................
1951 ..............................
1952..............................
1953..............................
1954..............................
58,918
59,961
60,250
61,179
60,109
3,703
3,767
3,719
3,720
3,475
1,433
1,575
1,626
1,577
1,422
2,270
2,192
2,092
2,142
2,053
55,218
56,196
56,536
57,460
56,634
6,746
6,321
5,572
5,225
4,971
13,917
14,233
14,515
14,519
14,190
13,424
13,746
14,058
14,774
14,541
10,966
11,421
11,687
11,969
11,976
7,265
7,558
7,785
7,806
7,895
2,899
2,917
2,919
3,166
3,060
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957 ..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630
3,642
3,818
3,778
3,582
3,838
1,500
1,647
1,613
1,519
1,670
2,143
2,171
2,167
2,063
2,168
58,528
59,983
60,291
59,454
60,791
5,270
5,545
5,641
5,571
5,870
14,481
14,407
14,253
13,675
13,709
14,879
15,218
15,348
15,157
15,454
12,556
12,978
13,320
13,448
13,915
8,158
8,519
8,553
8,559
8,822
3,185
3,314
3,179
3,045
3,023
I 9 6 0 '............................
1961 ..............................
1 9 6 2 '............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
4,129
4,108
4,195
4,255
4,516
1,770
1,621
1,607
1,751
2,013
2,360
2,486
2,588
2,504
2,503
61,648
61,638
62,508
63,508
64,789
6,119
6,227
6,446
6,815
7,303
13,630
13,429
13,311
13,318
13,449
15,598
15,552
15,901
16,114
16,166
14,238
14,320
14,491
14,749
15,094
8,989
9,120
9,346
9,596
9,804
3,073
2,987
3,013
2,915
2,973
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902
5,036
5,721
5,682
5,781
6,117
2,075
2,269
2,334
2,403
2,573
2,962
3,452
3,348
3,377
3,543
66,052
67,178
68,690
70,141
71,785
7,702
7,964
8,499
8,762
9,319
13,704
14,017
14,575
15,265
15,883
16,294
16,312
16,281
16,220
16,100
15,320
15,615
15,789
16,083
16,410
10,028
10,310
10,536
10,745
10,919
3,005
2,961
3,011
3,065
3,155
1970 ..............................
1971..............................
1972 1 ...........................
1973 1 ...........................
1974..............................
78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
6,144
6,208
6,746
7,271
7,448
2,598
2,596
2,787
3,032
3,111
3,546
3,613
3,959
4,239
4,338
72,534
73,158
75,407
77,793
79,347
9,731
10,201
10,999
11,839
12,101
16,318
16,781
18,082
19,509
20,610
15,922
15,675
15,822
16,041
16,203
16,473
16,451
16,457
16,553
16,633
10,974
11,009
11,044
10,966
10,964
3,118
3,040
3,003
2,886
2,835
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1 ...........................
1979..............................
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824
7,104
7,336
7,688
8,070
8,083
2,941
2,972
3,138
3,330
3,340
4,162
4,363
4,550
4,739
4,743
78,744
81,416
84,329
87,979
90,741
11,885
12,570
13,196
13,887
14,327
21,087
22,493
23,850
25,281
26,492
15,953
16,468
17,157
18,128
18,981
16,190
16,224
16,212
16,338
16,357
10,827
10,912
11,126
11,400
11,585
2,801
2,747
2,787
2,946
2,999
1980..............................
1981 ..............................
1982..............................
99,303
100,397
99,526
7,710
7,225
6,549
3,106
2,866
2,505
4,605
4,359
4,044
91,593
93,172
92,978
14,087
14,122
13,690
27,204
28,180
28,149
19,523
20,145
20,879
16,234
16,255
15,923
11,586
11,525
11,414
2,960
2,945
2,923
Men
1948..............................
1949..............................
41,725
40,925
2,344
2,124
996
911
1,348
1,213
39,382
38,803
4,349
4,197
10,038
9,879
9,363
9,308
7,742
7,661
5,587
5,438
2,303
2,329
1950..............................
1951..............................
1952..............................
1953..............................
1954..............................
41,578
41,780
41,682
42,430
41,619
2,186
2,156
2,107
2,136
1,985
909
979
985
976
881
1,277
1,177
1,121
1,159
1,104
39,394
39,626
39,578
40,296
39,634
4,255
3,780
3,183
2,901
2,724
10,060
10,134
10,352
10,500
10,254
9,445
9,607
9,753
10,229
10,082
7,790
8,012
8,144
8,374
8,330
5,508
5,711
5,804
5,808
5,830
2,336
2,382
2,343
2,483
2,414
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958 ..............................
1959..............................
42,621
43,379
43,357
42,423
43,466
2,095
2,164
2,115
2,012
2,198
936
1,008
987
948
1,015
1,159
1,156
1,130
1,064
1,183
40,526
41,216
41,239
40,411
41,267
2,973
3,245
3,346
3,293
3,597
10,453
10,337
10,222
9,790
9,862
10,267
10,385
10,427
10,291
10,492
8,553
8,732
8,851
8,828
9,048
5,857
6,004
6,002
5,955
6,058
2,424
2,512
2,394
2,254
2,210
1960 1............................
1961 ..............................
1962 1............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
43,904
43,656
44,177
44,657
45,474
2,361
2,315
2,362
2,406
2,587
1,090
989
990
1,073
1,242
1,271
1,325
1,372
1,333
1,345
41,543
41,342
41,815
42,251
42,886
3,754
3,795
3,898
4,118
4,370
9,759
9,591
9,475
9,431
9,531
10,551
10,505
10,711
10,801
10,832
9,182
9,195
9,333
9,478
9,637
6,105
6,155
6,260
6,385
6,478
2,191
2,098
2,138
2,038
2,039
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
46,340
46,919
47,479
48,114
48,818
2,918
3,253
3,186
3,255
3,430
1,285
1,389
1,417
1,453
1,526
1,634
1,862
1,769
1,802
1,904
43,422
43,668
44,294
44,859
45,338
4,583
4,599
4,809
4,812
5,012
9,611
9,709
9,988
10,405
10,736
10,837
10,765
10,676
10,554
10,401
9,792
9,904
9,990
10,102
10,187
6,542
6,668
6,774
6,893
6,931
2,057
2,024
2,058
2,093
2,122
See footnote at end of table.
36
Table 14. Employed civilians by sex, race, and age, 1948-82—Continued
[In thousands]
Sex, year, and race
16 years
and over
16 to 19 years
Total
20 years and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
M en— C ontinued
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972 1............................
1973 ..............................
1974..............................
48,990
49,390
50,896
52,349
53,024
3,409
3,478
3,765
4,039
4,103
1,504
1,510
1,598
1,721
1,744
1,905
1,968
2,167
2,318
2,359
45,581
45,912
47,130
48,310
48,922
5,237
5,593
6,138
6,655
6,739
10,936
11,218
11,884
12,617
13,119
10,216
10,028
10,088
10,126
10,135
10,170
10,139
10,139
10,197
10,181
6,928
6,916
6,929
6,857
6,880
2,094
2,019
1,953
1,856
1,869
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1 ...........................
1979..............................
51,857
53,138
54,728
56,479
57,607
3,839
3,947
4,174
4,336
4,300
1,621
1,626
1,733
1,800
1,799
2,219
2,321
2,441
2,535
2,501
48,018
49,190
50,555
52,143
53,308
6,484
6,915
7,282
7,559
7,791
13,205
13,869
14,483
15,124
15,688
9,891
10,069
10,399
10,845
11,202
9,902
9,881
9,832
9,806
9,735
6,722
6,724
6,848
6,954
7,015
1,811
1,732
1,761
1,855
1,876
1980..............................
1981 ..............................
1982..............................
57,186
57,397
56,271
4,085
3,815
3,379
1,672
1,526
1,307
2,412
2,289
2,072
53,101
53,582
52,891
7,532
7,504
7,197
15,832
16,266
16,002
11,355
11,613
11,902
9,548
9,478
9,234
6,999
6,909
6,781
1,835
1,812
1,776
1948..............................
1949..............................
16,617
16,723
1,682
1,588
604
555
1,078
1,033
14,936
15,137
2,588
2,463
3,763
3,760
3,687
3,800
2,882
2,975
1,516
1,604
501
535
1950..............................
1951..............................
1952..............................
1953..............................
1954..............................
17,340
18,181
18,568
18,749
18,490
1,517
1,611
1,612
1,584
1,490
524
596
641
601
541
993
1,015
971
983
949
15,824
16,570
16,958
17,164
17,000
2,491
2,541
2,389
2,324
2,247
3,857
4,099
4,163
4,019
3,936
3,979
4,139
4,305
4,545
4,459
3,176
3,409
3,543
3,595
3,646
1,757
1,847
1,981
1,998
2,065
563
535
576
683
646
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
19,551
20,419
20,714
20,613
21,164
1,547
1,654
1,663
1,570
1,640
564
639
626
571
655
984
1,015
1,037
999
985
18,002
18,767
19,052
19,043
19,524
2,297
2,300
2,295
2,278
2,273
4,028
4,070
4,031
3,885
4,847
4,612
4,833
4,921
4,866
4,962
4,003
4,246
4,469
4,620
4,867
2,301
2,515
2,551
2,604
2,764
761
802
785
791
813
I9601............................
1961..............................
1 9 6 2 '............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
21,874
22,090
22,525
23,105
23,831
1,768
1,793
1,833
1,849
1,929
680
632
617
678
771
1,089
1,161
1,216
1,170
1,158
20,105
20,296
20,693
21,257
21,903
2,365
2,432
2,548
2,697
2,933
3,871
3,838
3,836
3,887
3,918
5,046
5,047
5,190
5,313
5,334
5,056
5,125
5,158
5,271
5,457
2,884
2,965
3,086
3,211
3,326
882
889
875
877
934
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
24,748
25,976
26,893
27,807
29,084
2,118
2,468
2,496
2,526
2,687
790
880
917
950
1,047
1,328
1,589
1,579
1,575
1,639
22,630
23,510
24,397
25,281
26,397
3,119
3.365
3,690
3,950
4,307
4,093
4,308
4,587
4,860
5,147
5,457
5,548
5,607
5,666
5,699
5,528
5,711
5,799
5,981
6,223
3,486
3,642
3,762
3,852
3,988
948
937
953
972
1,033
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972 1 ...........................
29,688
29,976
31,257
2,735
2,730
2,980
1,094
1,086
1,188
1,641
1,645
1,792
26,952
27,246
28,276
4,494
4,609
4,861
5,332
5,563
6,197
5,706
5,647
5,734
6,303
6,313
6,318
4,046
4,093
4,115
1,023
1,021
1,051
1 9 7 3 1 ..................................
3 2 ,7 1 5
3,231
1 ,3 1 0
1 ,9 2 0
2 9 ,4 8 4
5 ,1 8 4
6 ,8 9 3
5 ,9 1 5
6 ,3 5 6
4 ,1 0 9
1 ,0 2 9
1974..............................
33,769
3,345
1,367
1,978
30,424
5,363
7,492
6,068
6,451
4,084
966
989
1,017
1,027
1,091
1,124
W om en
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1 ...........................
1979..............................
33,989
35,615
37,289
39,569
41,217
3,263
3,389
3,514
3,734
3,783
1,320
1,346
1,403
1,530
1,541
1,943
2,043
2,110
2,204
2,242
30,726
32,226
33,775
35,836
37,434
5,401
5,655
5,965
6,328
6,538
7,882
8,624
9,367
10,157
10,802
6,061
6,400
6,758
7,282
7,779
6,288
6,343
6,380
6,532
6,622
4,105
4,188
4,279
4,446
4,569
1980..............................
1981 ..............................
1982..............................
42,117
43,000
43,256
3,625
3,411
3,170
1,433
1,340
1,198
2,192
2,070
1,972
38,492
39,590
40,086
6,555
6,618
6,492
11,370
11,914
12,147
8,168
8,532
8,977
6,686
6,777
6,689
4,587
4,616
4,634
1,125
1,133
1,147
1954..............................
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
53,957
55,833
57,269
57,465
56,613
58,006
3,078
3,225
3,389
3,374
3,216
3,475
1,257
1,330
1,465
1,442
1,370
1,520
1,822
1,896
1,922
1,931
1,847
1,955
50,879
52,608
53,880
54,091
53,397
54,531
4,358
4,637
4,897
4,952
4,908
5,138
12,616
12,855
12,748
12,619
12,128
12,144
13,000
13,327
13,637
13,716
13,571
13,830
10,811
11,322
11,706
12,009
12,113
12,552
7,262
7,510
7,822
7,829
7,849
8,063
2,831
2,957
3,068
2,951
2,828
2,805
I9601............................
1961..............................
19621............................
1963..............................
58,850
58,913
59,698
60,622
3,700
3,693
3,774
3,851
1,598
1,472
1,447
1,600
2,103
2,220
2,327
2,250
55,150
55,220
55,924
56,771
5,331
5,460
5,676
6,036
12,021
11,835
11,703
11,689
13,930
13,905
14,173
14,341
12 820
12’9C6
13,066
13,304
8,192
8,335
8,511
8,718
2,855
2,778
2,795
2,683
W HITE
See footnote at end of table.
37
Table 14. Employed civilians by sex, race, and age, 1948-82—Continued
[In thousands]
Sex, year, and race
16 years
and over
16 to 19 years
Total
20 years and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
W H ITE — C ontinued
1964..............................
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
61,922
63,446
65,021
66,361
67,750
69,518
4,076
4,562
5,176
5,114
5,195
5,508
1,846
1,892
2,052
2,121
2,193
2,347
2,230
2,670
3,124
2,993
3,002
3,161
57,846
58,884
59,845
61,247
62,555
64,010
6,444
6,752
6,986
7,493
7,687
8,182
11,794
11,992
12,268
12,763
13,410
13,935
14,380
14,473
14,449
14,429
14,386
14,270
13,596
13,804
14,072
14,224
14,487
14,788
8,916
9,116
9,356
9,596
9,781
9,947
2,717
2,748
2,713
2,746
2,804
2,888
1970..............................
1971..............................
19721 ............................
19731 ............................
1974..............................
70,217
70,878
73,370
75,708
77,184
5,571
5,670
6,173
6,623
6,796
2,386
2,404
2,581
2,806
2,881
3,185
3,266
3,592
3,816
3,916
64,645
65,208
67,197
69,086
70,388
8,559
9,000
9,718
10,424
10,676
14,326
14,713
15,904
17,099
18,040
14,092
13,858
13,940
14,083
14,196
14,854
14,843
14,845
14,886
14,948
9,979
10,014
10,077
9,983
9,958
2,835
2,780
2,714
2,610
2,568
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978*............................
1979..............................
76,411
78,853
81,700
84,936
87,259
6,487
6,724
7,068
7,367
7,356
2,721
2,762
2,926
3,085
3,079
3,770
3,962
4,142
4,282
4,278
69,924
72,129
74,632
77,569
79,904
10,546
11,119
11,696
12,251
12,594
18,485
19,662
20,844
22,008
23,033
13,979
14,407
14,984
15,809
16,578
14,555
14,549
14,483
14,550
14,522
9,827
9,923
10,107
10,311
10,477
2,533
2,470
2,518
2,642
2,699
1980..............................
1981 ..............................
1982..............................
87,715
88,709
87,903
7,021
6,588
5,984
2,861
2,654
2,317
4,161
3,943
3,667
80,694
82,121
81,918
12,405
12,477
12,097
23,653
24,551
24,531
17,071
17,617
18,268
14,405
14,414
14,083
10,475
10,386
10,283
2,684
2,676
2,656
1954..............................
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
37,846
38,719
39,368
39,349
38,591
39,494
1,723
1,824
1,893
1,865
1,783
1,961
771
821
890
874
852
915
953
1,004
1,002
990
932
1,046
36,123
36,895
37,475
37,484
36,808
37,533
2,394
2,607
2,850
2,930
2,896
3,153
9,287
9,461
9,330
9,226
8,861
8,911
9,175
9,351
9,449
9,480
9,386
9,560
7,614
7,792
7,950
8,067
8,061
8,261
5,412
5,431
5,559
5,442
5,501
5,588
2,241
2,254
2,336
2,234
2,103
2,060
I960*............................
1961..............................
1962-............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
39,755
39,588
40,016
40,428
41,115
2,092
2,055
2,098
2,156
2,316
973
891
883
972
1,128
1,119
1,164
1,215
1,184
1,188
37,663
37,533
37,918
38,292
38,799
3,264
3,311
3,426
3,646
3,856
8,777
8,630
8,514
8,463
8,538
9,589
9,566
9,718
9,782
9,800
8,372
8,394
8,512
8,650
8,787
5,618
5,670
5,749
5,844
5,945
2,043
1,961
1,998
1,887
1,872
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
41,844
42,331
42,833
43,411
44,048
2,612
2,913
2,849
2,908
3,070
1,159
1,245
1,278
1,319
1,385
1,453
1,668
1,571
1,589
1,685
39,232
39,418
39,985
40,503
40,978
4,025
4,028
4,231
4,226
4,401
8,598
8,674
8,931
9,315
9,608
9,795
9,719
9,632
9,522
9,379
8,924
9,029
9,093
9,198
9,279
5,998
6,096
6,208
6,316
6,359
1,892
1,871
1,892
1,926
1,953
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972 1 ...........................
1973 1 ...........................
1974..............................
44,178
44,595
45,944
47,085
47,674
3,066
3,157
3,416
3,660
3,728
1,374
1,393
1,470
1,590
1,611
1,692
1,764
1,947
2,071
2,117
41,112
41,438
42,528
43,424
43,946
4,601
4,935
5,431
5,863
5,965
9,784
10,026
10,664
11,268
11,701
9,202
9,026
9,047
9,046
9,027
9,271
9,256
9,236
9,257
9,242
6,340
6,339
6,363
6,299
6,304
1,914
1,856
1,786
1,689
1,706
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1 ...........................
1979..............................
46,697
47,775
49,150
50,544
51,452
3,505
3,604
3,824
3,950
3,904
1,502
1,501
1,607
1,664
1,654
2,002
2,103
2,217
2,286
2,250
43,192
44,171
45,326
46,594
47,546
5,770
6,140
6,437
6,717
6,868
11,783
12,362
12,893
13,413
13,888
8,818
8,944
9,212
9,608
9,930
9,005
8,968
8,898
8,840
8,748
6,160
6,176
6,279
6,339
6,406
1,656
1,579
1,605
1,677
1,707
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
51,127
51,315
50,287
3,708
3,469
3,079
1,534
1,402
1,214
2,174
2,066
1,865
47,419
47,846
47,209
6,652
6,652
6,372
14,009
14,398
14,164
10,077
10,307
10,593
8,586
8,518
8,267
6,412
6,309
6,188
1,684
1,662
1,624
1954..............................
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
16,111
17,114
17,901
18,116
18,022
18,512
1,355
1,401
1,496
1,509
1,433
1,514
486
509
575
568
518
605
869
892
920
941
915
909
14,756
15,713
16,405
16,607
16,589
16,998
1,964
2,030
2,047
2,022
2,012
1,985
3,329
3,394
3,418
3,393
3,267
3,233
3,825
3,976
4,188
4,236
4,185
4,270
3,197
3,530
3,756
3,942
4,052
4,291
1,850
2,079
2,263
2,287
2,348
2,475
590
703
732
717
725
745
I9601............................
1961..............................
19,095
19,325
1,608
1,638
625
581
984
1,056
17,487
17,687
2,067
2,149
3,244
3,205
4,341
4,339
4,448
4,512
2,574
2,665
812
817
Men
W om en
See footnote at end of table.
38
Table 14. Employed civilians by sex, race, and age, 1948-82—Continued
[In thousands]
16 to 19 years
Sex, year, and race
16 years
and over
Total
20 years and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
W o m en — C o n tin u ed
1962*............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
19,682
20,194
20,807
21,602
22,690
23,528
24,339
25,470
1,676
1,695
1,760
1,950
2,263
2,265
2,287
2,438
564
628
718
733
807
843
874
962
1,112
1,066
1,042
1,217
1,456
1,422
1,413
1,476
18,006
18,499
19,047
19,652
20,427
21,263
22,052
23,032
2,250
2,390
2,588
2,727
2,958
3,262
3,461
3,781
3,189
3,226
3,256
3,394
3,594
3,832
4,095
4,327
4,455
4,559
4,580
4,678
4,730
4,797
4,864
4,891
4,554
4,654
4,809
4,880
5,043
5,131
5,289
5,509
2,762
2,874
2,971
3,118
3,260
3,388
3,465
3,588
797
796
845
856
842
854
878
935
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972 1 ...........................
1973 1 ...........................
1974..............................
26,039
26,283
27,426
28,623
29,511
2,505
2,513
2,755
2,962
3,069
1,012
1,011
1,111
1,217
1,269
1,493
1,502
1,645
1,746
1,799
23,534
23,770
24,669
25,661
26,442
3,959
4,065
4,286
4,562
4,711
4,542
4,687
5,240
5,831
6,340
4,890
4,831
4,893
5,036
5,169
5,582
5,588
5,608
5,628
5,706
3,640
3,675
3,714
3,684
3,654
921
924
928
920
862
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
29,714
31,078
32,550
34,392
35,807
2,983
3,120
3,244
3,416
3,451
1,215
1,260
1,319
1,420
1,423
1,767
1,860
1,923
1,996
2,027
26,731
27,958
29,306
30,975
32,357
4,775
4,978
5,259
5,535
5,726
6,701
7,300
7,950
8,595
9,145
5,161
5,462
5,772
6,201
6,648
5,550
5,580
5,585
5,710
5,773
3,667
3,746
3,829
3,972
4,071
877
891
912
964
993
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
36,587
37,394
37,614
3,314
3,119
2,905
1,327
1,242
1,103
1,986
1,877
1,802
33,275
34,275
34,710
5,753
5,826
5,724
9,644
10,153
10,367
6,994
7,311
7,675
5,818
5,896
5,816
4,064
4,077
4,095
1,001
1,013
1,032
1972..............................
1973 1 ...........................
1974..............................
7,802
8,128
8,203
509
570
554
180
194
190
329
378
364
7,292
7,559
7,649
1,166
1,258
1,231
1,924
2,062
2,157
1,629
1,659
1,682
1,434
1,460
1,452
872
872
884
269
249
243
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1 ...........................
1979..............................
7,894
8,231
8,540
9,102
9,359
507
508
508
571
579
183
170
169
191
204
325
338
339
380
376
7,386
7,719
8,031
8,531
8,780
1,115
1,193
1,244
1,359
1,424
2,145
2,309
2,443
2,641
2,759
1,617
1,679
1,754
1,848
1,902
1,393
1,416
1,448
1,479
1,502
874
870
892
932
927
241
252
251
273
266
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
9,313
9,355
9,189
547
505
428
192
170
138
356
335
290
8,765
8,849
8,761
1,376
1,346
1,283
2,827
2,872
2,830
1,910
1,957
2,025
1,487
1,489
1,469
925
954
928
239
231
225
1972..............................
19731 ...........................
1974..............................
4,368
4,527
4,527
309
330
322
114
112
114
195
220
209
4,058
4,197
4,204
648
711
668
1,074
1,142
1,176
890
898
912
793
816
803
499
483
500
156
148
145
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1 ...........................
1979..............................
4,275
4,408
4,565
4,796
4,923
276
283
291
312
316
98
100
105
106
111
179
184
186
206
205
3,998
4,120
4,273
4,483
4,606
595
635
659
697
754
1,159
1,217
1,271
1,357
1,425
865
897
940
969
983
755
763
777
788
801
487
472
484
516
498
137
137
143
155
147
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
4,798
4,794
4,637
299
273
223
109
95
65
191
178
158
4,498
4,520
4,414
713
693
660
1,438
1,457
1,414
975
991
997
770
764
750
478
492
471
126
123
122
1972..............................
1973 1 ...........................
1974..............................
3,433
3,601
3,677
200
239
232
65
81
77
134
158
155
3,233
3,362
3,445
519
546
562
850
920
981
739
761
770
641
644
649
373
389
383
113
101
98
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978 1 ...........................
1979..............................
3,618
3,823
3,975
4,307
4,436
231
224
217
260
263
85
70
64
85
92
146
154
153
175
171
3,388
3,599
3,758
4,047
4,174
520
558
585
662
670
985
1,092
1,172
1,283
1,333
752
782
814
879
919
638
653
671
691
702
387
398
408
416
428
104
115
109
118
119
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
4,515
4,561
4,552
248
232
205
82
75
73
165
157
132
4,267
4,329
4,347
663
653
623
1,389
1,415
1,416
936
966
1,028
717
725
719
448
462
457
113
108
103
BLACK
Men
W om en
1 See footnote 1, table 1.
39
Table 15. Civilian employment-population ratios1 by sex, race, and age, 1948-82
Sex, year, and race
16 years
and over
16 to 19 years
Total
20 years and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
TOTAL
1948..............................
1949..............................
56.6
55.4
47.7
45.2
37.5
35.4
58.0
55.1
57.4
56.3
60.2
58.9
61.0
59.8
64.9
64.3
63.3
62.6
55.1
53.3
26.2
26.0
1950..............................
1951..............................
1952..............................
1953..............................
1954..............................
56.1
57.3
57.3
57.1
55.5
45.5
47.9
46.9
46.4
42.3
35.2
38.5
38.4
37.2
32.8
55.8
58.1
56.7
56.8
52.8
57.0
58.1
58.1
58.0
56.6
60.9
62.2
59.3
58.3
55.9
60.5
62.3
63.0
62.4
60.9
64.9
65.9
66.5
67.4
65.7
63.6
65.4
66.0
66.5
65.4
53.9
55.2
56.1
56.4
56.1
25.5
24.9
24.1
24.2
22.9
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
56.7
57.5
57.1
55.4
56.0
43.5
45.3
43.9
39.9
39.9
33.8
36.7
35.2
31.2
31.3
54.6
54.9
53.8
50.1
50.6
57.8
58.5
58.2
56.8
57.5
58.3
59.8
59.5
57.2
58.8
62.3
62.4
62.4
60.6
61.7
66.6
67.4
67.4
65.8
66.6
67.3
68.3
68.6
67.8
68.9
57.0
58.7
58.1
57.4
58.3
23.2
23.5
22.1
20.8
20.2
1960..............................
1961..............................
1962..............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
56.1
55.4
55.5
55.4
55.7
40.5
39.1
39.4
37.4
37.3
31.8
29.7
29.2
27.8
28.9
51.1
49.2
50.3
49.4
48.7
57.6
56.9
57.1
57.2
57.7
59.6
58.8
59.4
59.4
60.8
62.0
61.5
61.9
62.2
62.9
66.6
65.9
66.8
67.3
67.5
69.1
68.5
69.3
69.8
70.4
58.3
58.2
58.9
59.5
59.6
20.0
19.0
18.2
17.2
17.3
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
56.2
56.9
57.3
57.5
58.0
38.9
42.1
42.2
42.2
43.4
29.9
32.8
33.3
33.4
34.7
49.4
51.7
51.7
52.0
53.1
58.2
58.7
59.0
59.3
59.7
61.9
63.0
63.3
63.1
64.3
64.0
65.1
66.1
66.6
67.2
68.4
69.2
69.8
70.4
70.9
70.5
71.1
70.9
71.4
72.0
60.0
60.6
60.9
61.0
60.9
17.2
16.7
16.7
16.7
16.9
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
57.4
56.6
57.0
57.8
57.8
42.3
41.3
43.5
45.9
46.0
34.0
33.1
34.5
36.9
37.2
51.6
50.4
53.2
55.7
55.6
59.2
58.4
58.6
59.3
59.2
63.5
62.4
64.2
66.9
67.3
66.8
66.2
67.6
69.2
70.0
70.8
70.4
70.8
72.0
72.1
71.4
70.8
70.5
70.6
70.5
60.1
59.2
58.1
56.9
56.2
16.4
15.7
15.0
14.2
13.5
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
56.1
56.8
57.9
59.3
59.9
43.3
44.2
46.1
48.3
48.5
34.9
35.2
37.0
39.3
39.8
52.0
53.4
55.4
57.7
57.4
57.6
58.3
59.2
60.6
61.2
63.9
65.8
67.4
69.4
70.4
68.7
70.4
72.0
74.2
75.1
70.8
72.2
73.6
75.2
76.3
68.8
69.3
69.9
71.1
71.9
54.6
54.1
54.1
54.6
54.6
13.0
12.4
12.3
12.7
12.6
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
59.2
59.0
57.8
46.6
44.6
41.5
37.5
35.5
32.5
55.7
53.5
50.2
60.6
60.5
59.4
68.3
67.8
65.7
74.4
74.6
73.1
76.3
76.6
75.6
71.9
72.5
71.5
53.8
53.0
52.1
12.2
11.9
11.5
Men
1948..............................
1949..............................
83.5
81.3
57.5
53.8
46.8
44.2
69.1
64.4
85.8
83.7
78.7
77.7
93.2
90.9
95.6
93.8
93.4
91.4
86.7
82.8
45.2
44.6
1950..............................
1951..............................
1952..............................
1953..............................
1954..............................
82.0
84.0
83.9
83.6
81.0
55.2
57.9
55.9
55.9
50.2
44.5
48.0
46.4
46.0
40.5
66.5
69.8
68.1
68.1
62.0
84.2
86.1
86.2
85.9
83.5
80.7
84.9
84.0
83.3
77.6
91.8
94.6
95.4
95.3
92.7
94.1
95.6
96.0
96.2
94.1
91.9
93.7
94.1
94.3
92.4
82.7
84.8
85.4
85.4
84.7
43.6
43.3
41.3
40.6
38.7
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
81.8
82.3
81.3
78.5
79.3
52.1
53.8
51.8
46.9
47.2
42.1
45.0
43.2
38.9
37.9
64.5
64.8
62.8
57.3
60.0
84.3
84.6
83.8
81.2
82.3
80.2
81.7
80.3
75.9
80.1
94.4
94.1
93.9
90.8
92.8
95.0
95.4
95.1
92.9
94.1
93.3
93.7
93.2
91.2
92.0
84.2
85.4
84.4
83.0
83.5
38.0
38.6
36.3
33.7
32.6
1960..............................
1961..............................
1962..............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
78.9
77.6
77.7
77.1
77.3
47.6
45.3
45.9
43.8
44.1
38.9
36.1
35.8
33.9
35.5
58.9
55.9
57.5
57.2
56.9
81.9
80.8
80.9
80.6
80.9
80.2
78.3
79.1
78.6
79.2
92.8
91.9
92.8
92.8
94.0
94.0
93.1
94.0
94.1
94.5
91.8
90.9
91.8
92.3
92.6
82.8
82.3
82.3
82.5
82.3
31.7
29.9
28.9
27.1
26.9
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
77.5
77.9
78.0
77.8
77.6
46.2
48.9
48.7
48.7
49.5
36.8
39.9
40.2
40.0
40.8
57.7
58.6
58.8
59.1
59.7
81.2
81.5
81.5
81.3
81.1
80.4
81.2
80.5
78.5
78.6
94.4
95.0
95.2
95.1
94.9
94.8
95.3
95.6
95.6
95.5
93.2
93.5
93.3
93.4
93.2
81.9
82.3
82.4
82.7
81.9
26.9
26.2
26.4
26.5
26.6
See footnote at end of table.
40
Table 15. Civilian employment-population ratios1 by sex, race, and age, 1948-82—Continued
Sex, year, and race
16 years
and over
20 years and over
16 to 19 years
Total
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
M en— C ontinued
76.2
74.9
75.0
75.5
74.9
47.7
46.8
48.9
51.4
51.2
39.1
38.2
39.2
41.4
41.2
57.7
56.6
59.8
62.6
62.4
79.7
78.5
78.4
78.6
77.9
76.3
74.5
76.1
79.0
78.4
93.1
91.7
92.0
92.5
92.0
94.5
93.5
93.7
94.2
93.5
92.0
91.1
90.8
91.0
90.0
80.7
79.4
77.9
76.3
75.3
25.9
24.6
23.4
22.0
21.6
1975.
1976.
1977.
1978.
1979.
71.7
72.0
72.8
73.8
73.8
47.2
47.9
50.4
52.2
51.7
38.1
38.1
40.4
41.9
42.3
57.2
58.3
61.0
63.2
61.6
74.8
75.1
75.6
76.4
76.5
72.4
74.9
76.3
78.0
78.9
88.6
89.3
89.9
91.1
91.2
91.0
91.5
92.4
93.0
93.0
87.6
87.9
88.2
88.8
89.0
72.4
71.2
71.2
71.3
70.8
20.5
19.1
18.9
19.5
19.2
1980.
1981 .
1982.
72.0
71.3
69.0
49.5
47.1
42.9
39.9
37.3
33.4
59.4
57.2
52.2
74.6
74.0
71.8
75.1
74.2
71.0
88.8
88.3
85.2
91.6
91.0
88.8
87.9
87.8
86.1
69.7
68.1
66.4
18.4
17.8
17.1
1948.
1949.
31.3
31.2
38.5
37.2
28.3
26.7
48.3
47.1
30.7
30.6
43.1
41.7
31.8
31.5
35.8
36.3
34.0
34.5
23.5
24.2
8.9
9.2
1950.
1951 .
1952.
1953.
1954.
32.0
33.1
33.4
33.3
32.5
36.3
38.9
38.8
37.8
34.9
25.8
29.0
30.3
28.4
25.0
46.2
48.7
47.6
47.4
45.0
31.6
32.6
33.0
32.9
32.3
42.9
44.5
42.7
42.4
41.8
32.0
33.8
34.2
32.8
32.2
37.4
38.3
39.2
40.3
39.1
36.2
38.2
39.1
39.4
39.3
25.8
26.6
27.9
28.4
28.7
9.4
8.6
8.9
9.8
9.1
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.
1959.
34.0
35.1
35.1
34.5
35.0
35.6
37.5
36.7
33.5
33.0
25.5
28.5
27.2
23.4
24.7
46.3
46.8
46.6
44.3
42.6
33.8
34.9
35.0
34.6
35.1
43.1
43.4
43.1
42.2
41.4
33.1
33.7
33.7
33.0
33.2
40.0
41.4
41.6
40.7
41.2
42.2
43.8
45.0
45.5
46.9
31.3
33.6
33.5
33.6
35.1
10.4
10.6
10.1
9.9
9.9
1960.
1961 .
1962.
1963.
1964.
35.5
35.4
35.6
35.8
36.3
33.8
33.2
33.3
31.5
30.9
24.6
23.2
22.5
21.6
22.2
44.3
43.3
44.0
42.8
41.7
35.7
35.6
35.8
36.3
36.9
42.3
42.4
43.0
43.3
45.1
33.7
33.7
34.0
34.6
34.9
41.3
41.0
41.8
42.6
42.8
47.7
47.5
48.0
48.5
49.4
35.9
36.2
37.3
38.2
38.8
10.5
10.2
9.5
9.3
9.8
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.
37.1
38.3
39.0
39.6
40.7
32.0
35.6
35.9
36.0
37.5
22.9
25.6
26.4
26.6
28.4
42.0
45.4
45.5
45.7
47.0
37.6
38.6
39.3
40.0
41.1
46.3
48.2
49.6
50.9
53.1
36.4
38.1
39.7
40.6
41.7
44.0
45.2
46.1
47.2
48.2
49.3
50.2
50.2
51.1
52.4
39.9
40.9
41.4
41.5
42.1
9.7
9.4
9.3
9.3
9.7
1970.
1971 .
1972.
1973.
1974.
40.8
40.4
41.0
42.0
42.6
37.1
36.0
38.2
40.5
41.0
28.8
27.9
29.7
32.1
33.0
45.9
44.5
47.0
49.1
49.1
41.2
40.9
41.3
42.2
42.8
53.1
52.2
53.5
56.0
57.1
42.4
42.4
44.8
47.4
49.4
48.9
48.9
49.4
51.3
52.2
52.5
52.1
51.9
52.0
52.6
41.9
41.5
40.7
39.9
39.4
9.4
9.1
9.0
8.6
7.9
1975.
1976.
1977.
1978.
1979.
42.0
43.2
44.5
46.4
47.5
39.4
40.5
41.8
44.5
45.3
31.7
32.2
33.5
36.5
37.2
47.2
48.7
50.2
52.5
53.3
42.3
43.5
44.8
46.6
47.7
56.0
57.3
59.0
61.3
62.4
49.9
52.5
55.1
58.1
59.8
52.0
54.3
56.1
58.6
60.7
51.4
52.1
52.9
54.7
56.1
38.9
39.0
39.1
40.0
40.4
7.8
7.8
7.7
8.0
8.0
1980.
1981 .
1982.
47.7
48.0
47.7
43.8
42.0
40.2
35.1
33.7
31.5
52.2
50.0
48.3
48.1
48.6
48.4
61.8
61.8
60.6
60.7
61.6
61.6
62.0
63.0
63.2
57.1
58.3
58.0
40.0
39.8
39.6
7.8
7.7
7.6
1954.
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.
1959.
55.2
56.5
57.3
56.8
55.3
55.9
42.9
44.2
46.1
45.0
41.0
41.2
33.2
34.3
37.5
36.0
32.1
32.3
53.7
55.5
55.9
55.2
51.7
52.5
56.2
57.4
58.2
57.8
56.5
57.2
55.9
58.6
60.4
59.7
57.8
59.1
60.6
62.0
62.0
62.0
60.4
61.6
65.3
66.3
67.1
66.9
65.5
66.2
65.2
67.1
68.1
68.4
67.6
68.8
55.9
57.0
58.6
57.9
57.4
58.2
22.8
23.1
23.4
22.1
20.7
20.1
1960.
1961 .
1962.
1963.
1964.
55.9
55.3
55.4
55.3
55.5
41.5
40.1
40.4
38.6
38.4
32.6
30.8
30.0
28.8
30.1
52.4
50.1
51.4
50.8
49.8
57.2
56.7
56.9
56.9
57.3
59.7
59.3
59.8
59.9
61.0
61.7
61.4
61.7
62.0
62.6
66.2
65.7
66.6
67.0
67.3
69.0
68.5
69.2
69.7
70.2
58.2
58.3
58.9
59.4
59.6
20.0
19.1
18.3
17.2
17.2
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
...............
...............
...............
...............
...............
W om en
W HITE
See footnote at end of table.
41
Table 15. Civilian employment-population ratios1 by sex, race, and age, 1948-82—Continued
Sex, year, and race
16 years
and over
16 to 19 years
Total
20 years and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
W H ITE — C ontinued
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
56.0
56.8
57.2
57.4
58.0
40.3
43.6
43.8
43.9
45.2
31.3
34.2
35.1
35.2
36.6
50.7
53.2
53.1
53.5
54.9
57.8
58.3
58.7
59.0
59.4
61.7
63.0
63.5
63.1
64.5
63.5
64.6
65.6
66.2
66.7
68.1
68.8
69.6
70.3
70.8
70.4
71.0
70.9
71.3
72.0
59.9
60.5
60.9
61.1
61.0
17.1
16.6
16.5
16.6
16.8
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
57.5
56.8
57.4
58.2
58.3
44.5
43.8
46.4
48.9
49.3
36.2
35.6
37.4
40.0
40.5
53.7
52.8
56.2
58.6
58.7
59.0
58.3
58.6
59.3
59.3
64.1
63.3
65.2
68.3
68.9
66.5
66.0
67.5
69.3
70.2
70.7
70.4
70.9
72.1
72.3
71.6
71.0
70.9
70.9
71.0
60.1
59.3
58.4
57.1
56.4
16.2
15.6
14.8
14.0
13.5
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
56.7
57.5
58.6
60.0
60.6
46.5
47.8
50.1
52.4
52.6
38.2
38.8
40.9
43.3
43.8
55.4
57.2
59.6
61.8
61.4
57.9
58.6
59.6
60.8
61.5
66.0
67.9
69.9
71.9
72.9
69.1
70.8
72.6
74.7
75.8
71.2
72.7
74.1
75.5
76.8
69.4
69.9
70.4
71.6
72.4
54.8
54.5
54.5
54.8
54.9
12.9
12.3
12.3
12.6
12.5
1980..............................
1981 ..............................
1982..............................
60.0
60.0
58.8
50.7
48.7
45.8
41.4
39.5
36.3
59.9
57.9
54.8
61.0
61.1
60.1
71.0
70.9
68.8
75.3
75.9
74.6
77.0
77.3
76.4
72.6
73.3
72.3
54.2
53.3
52.5
12.2
11.9
11.6
1954..............................
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958 ..............................
1959..............................
81.5
82.2
82.7
81.8
79.2
79.9
49.9
52.0
54.1
52.4
47.6
48.1
40.5
42.2
45.5
43.7
39.8
38.6
61.4
64.2
64.8
63.6
58.0
61.2
84.0
84.7
85.0
84.1
81.8
82.8
77.9
80.4
82.3
80.5
76.6
80.8
93.4
95.2
94.7
94.5
91.8
93.8
94.7
95.7
95.9
95.6
93.7
94.8
93.2
93.8
94.1
93.7
92.0
92.7
85.3
84.9
86.1
85.0
83.7
84.2
38.7
38.1
38.7
36.5
33.9
32.7
1960..............................
1961 ..............................
1962..............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
79.4
78.2
78.4
77.7
77.8
48.1
45.9
46.4
44.7
45.0
39.3
37.0
36.4
34.8
36.5
59.7
56.2
58.0
58.2
57.7
82.4
81.4
81.5
81.1
81.3
80.5
78.8
79.6
79.1
79.3
93.6
92.9
93.8
93.6
94.6
94.7
94.0
94.9
94.9
95.1
92.6
91.8
92.6
93.0
93.3
83.6
83.2
83.1
83.1
83.1
31.9
30.2
29.4
27.3
26.9
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
77.9
78.3
78.4
78.3
78.2
47.1
50.1
50.2
50.3
51.1
38.0
41.2
41.8
41.8
42.7
58.3
59.6
60.1
60.3
61.1
81.5
81.7
81.7
81.6
81.4
80.2
81.0
80.5
78.6
78.7
94.9
95.5
95.6
95.5
95.4
95.4
95.9
96.2
96.2
96.1
93.8
94.1
93.9
94.0
93.8
82.6
82.8
83.1
83.3
82.5
26.9
26.4
26.4
26.6
26.7
1970..............................
1971 ..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
76.8
75.7
76.0
76.5
75.9
49.6
49.2
51.5
54.3
54.4
41.3
40.8
42.0
44.7
44.7
59.3
58.6
62.3
65.1
65.2
80.1
79.0
79.0
79.2
78.6
76.8
75.4
77.1
80.2
79.8
93.7
92.5
92.8
93.3
92.9
95.1
94.2
94.6
95.1
94.4
92.7
92.0
91.6
91.7
90.9
81.1
79.9
78.7
77.0
76.1
25.8
24.7
23.6
22.0
21.7
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
73.0
73.4
74.1
75.0
75.1
50.6
51.5
54.4
56.3
55.7
41.6
41.6
44.3
46.0
46.4
60.3
62.1
65.2
67.2
65.4
75.7
76.0
76.5
77.2
77.3
74.3
76.9
78.7
80.6
81.1
89.7
90.5
91.2
92.3
92.5
92.1
92.5
93.2
93.9
94.0
88.9
89.1
89.4
89.8
89.9
73.2
72.2
72.1
71.8
71.6
20.6
19.2
19.1
19.5
19.4
1980..............................
1981 ..............................
1982..............................
73.4
72.8
70.6
53.4
51.3
47.0
43.7
41.2
37.4
63.3
61.4
56.4
75.6
75.1
73.0
77.5
77.0
73.9
90.2
90.0
87.1
92.8
92.3
90.1
89.1
89.1
87.4
70.8
69.0
67.3
18.7
18.1
17.3
1954..............................
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957 ..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
31.4
33.0
34.2
34.2
33.6
34.0
36.4
37.0
38.9
38.2
35.0
34.8
25.8
26.4
29.4
28.3
24.3
25.9
47.2
48.1
48.6
48.5
46.5
45.1
31.1
32.7
33.8
33.9
33.5
34.0
41.6
43.5
44.1
43.4
42.7
41.4
30.6
31.4
31.9
32.1
31.4
31.6
37.4
38.4
40.0
40.0
39.1
39.5
38.1
41.2
42.9
44.0
44.2
45.9
27.8
30.7
32.9
32.7
33.0
34.3
8.9
10.2
10.4
9.9
9.7
9.7
1960..............................
1961..............................
1962..............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
34.6
34.5
34.7
35.0
35.5
35.1
34.6
34.8
32.9
32.2
25.7
24.4
23.6
22.8
23.6
45.9
44.9
45.7
44.5
43.0
34.5
34.5
34.7
35.2
35.8
42.4
43.0
43.5
43.8
45.4
32.1
32.1
32.2
32.8
33.2
39.8
39.5
40.3
41.1
41.4
46.6
46.5
47.0
47.6
48.4
35.0
35.6
36.7
37.6
38.1
10.3
10.1
9.4
9.1
9.5
Men
W om en
See footnote at end of table.
42
Table 15. Civilian employment-population ratios1 by sex, race, and age, 1948-82—Continued
Sex, year, and race
16 years
and over
20 years and over
16 to 19 years
Total
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
W om en— C ontinued
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
36.2
37.5
38.3
38.9
40.1
33.7
37.5
37.7
37.8
39.5
24.4
27.2
28.2
28.5
30.3
43.8
47.4
47.1
47.4
49.2
36.5
37.5
38.3
39.1
40.1
46.1
48.3
49.9
50.8
53.3
34.5
36.3
37.8
39.0
40.0
42.5
43.5
44.7
46.0
47.0
48.4
49.3
49.4
50.3
51.7
39.2
40.2
41.0
41.1
41.7
9.5
9.1
9.1
9.1
9.5
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
40.3
39.9
40.7
41.8
42.4
39.5
38.6
41.3
43.6
44.3
31.0
30.3
32.6
35.1
36.2
48.5
47.2
50.4
52.4
52.5
40.4
40.1
40.6
41.6
42.2
53.7
53.1
54.6
57.4
58.7
40.9
40.9
43.4
46.2
48.4
47.7
47.8
48.4
50.3
51.4
51.9
51.5
51.6
51.7
52.4
41.5
41.1
40.5
39.6
39.1
9.2
9.0
8.7
8.4
7.7
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
42.0
43.2
44.5
46.3
47.5
42.5
44.2
45.9
48.5
49.4
34.5
35.8
37.4
40.4
41.1
50.7
52.5
54.2
56.6
57.5
41.9
43.1
44.4
46.1
47.3
58.1
59.4
61.5
63.6
65.0
49.2
51.8
54.6
57.6
59.5
51.3
53.8
55.8
58.0
60.3
51.2
51.9
52.6
54.5
55.9
38.6
38.8
38.9
39.8
40.2
7.6
7.5
7.5
7.8
7.8
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
47.8
48.3
48.1
47.9
46.2
44.6
39.0
37.6
35.2
56.6
54.4
53.2
47.8
48.5
48.4
64.6
65.0
63.9
60.7
62.1
62.4
61.8
63.0
63.1
57.0
58.3
58.1
39.6
39.4
39.4
7.7
7.6
7.6
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
53.7
54.5
53.5
25.2
27.2
25.9
17.0
17.7
16.9
34.4
37.8
35.9
58.3
58.9
58.0
57.5
59.0
57.6
68.5
69.7
69.5
69.9
71.1
70.6
67.0
67.7
65.9
54.5
54.0
52.7
16.8
15.3
14.4
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
50.1
50.8
51.4
53.6
53.8
23.1
22.4
22.3
25.2
25.4
16.0
14.6
14.4
16.3
17.5
31.1
30.8
30.9
34.5
33.9
54.5
55.4
56.0
58.0
58.1
50.0
51.8
51.8
54.7
55.7
65.8
67.7
68.5
71.1
70.8
67.5
69.0
70.4
72.6
72.7
63.0
63.8
65.1
66.4
67.1
50.9
50.1
50.5
52.0
50.6
13.7
13.8
13.3
14.1
13.4
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
52.2
51.3
49.4
23.9
22.1
19.0
16.4
14.6
12.3
31.8
29.7
25.6
56.4
55.5
53.6
52.8
50.9
47.6
69.0
66.9
63.8
71.1
71.0
70.1
66.1
65.9
64.9
49.5
49.9
48.0
11.8
11.2
10.6
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
66.8
67.5
65.8
31.6
32.8
31.4
21.7
20.8
20.5
43.0
47.0
44.3
73.0
73.7
71.9
70.4
72.6
69.9
85.9
86.1
85.2
86.7
87.4
86.4
82.3
84.8
80.6
69.3
67.3
66.4
22.9
21.6
20.5
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
60.6
60.6
61.4
63.3
63.4
26.3
25.8
26.4
28.5
28.7
17.3
17.2
17.9
18.3
19.1
36.8
35.5
36.0
40.2
39.4
66.5
66.8
67.5
69.1
69.1
59.4
61.2
61.0
62.2
65.5
79.8
80.0
80.0
81.9
81.9
81.5
83.2
85.2
85.9
84.7
75.7
76.3
77.9
79.2
80.3
63.3
61.0
61.6
64.9
61.6
18.8
18.1
18.5
19.6
18.3
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
60.4
59.1
56.0
26.9
24.6
20.3
18.7
16.5
11.7
36.3
33.3
29.2
65.8
64.5
61.4
60.9
58.3
53.9
78.7
76.1
71.3
81.9
81.0
77.8
77.1
76.2
74.8
57.9
58.3
55.5
15.3
14.7
14.4
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
43.0
43.8
43.5
19.2
22.0
20.9
12.1
14.6
13.6
26.6
29.7
28.6
46.5
47.2
46.9
46.9
47.4
47.6
54.6
56.4
56.9
56.8
58.3
58.0
54.5
53.9
53.8
42.3
43.3
41.4
12.2
10.7
10.0
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
41.6
42.8
43.3
45.8
46.0
20.2
19.2
18.5
22.1
22.4
14.6
12.0
10.8
14.4
15.7
26.1
26.6
26.3
29.8
29.0
44.9
46.3
47.0
49.3
49.3
42.4
44.1
44.3
48.6
47.7
54.5
57.8
59.3
62.3
61.7
56.4
57.6
58.6
61.9
63.2
52.6
53.5
54.6
56.1
56.5
40.8
41.4
41.7
41.6
41.9
10.1
10.7
9.8
10.3
10.1
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
45.7
45.1
44.2
21.0
19.7
17.7
14.0
12.8
13.0
27.8
26.5
22.3
49.0
48.5
47.5
46.2
44.9
42.3
61.3
59.6
57.7
62.6
63.0
64.0
57.4
57.7
57.1
42.9
43.2
42.0
9.4
8.8
8.1
BLACK
Men
W om en
1 Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional population.
43
Table 16. Employed civilians by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1958-82
[Numbers in thousands]
White-collar workers
Total
em
ployed
Total
Blue-collar workers
Man
Profes agers
and Sales Cleri
sional admin
cal
and
work work
techni istra
ers
tors,
ers
cal
except
farm
Total
Service workers
Farm workers
Operatives
Farm Farm
Pri
Craft
Non
and
ers labor
vate Other
kin
Ex Trans farm Total house serv
ers
and
ice
Total
farm and
port labor
dred Total cept
hold work
man super
work
work ers
trans equip ers
port ment
agers visors
ers
ers
Total
1958.................. 63,036 26,837
1959.................. 64,630 27,593
6,952
7,140
6,785 3,985 9,115 23,348 8,463 11,402
6,936 4,210 9,307 23,993 8,554 11,816
P)
p>
P) 3,483 7,487
P) 3,623 7,697
1,969 5,518 5,361 3,079 2,282
1,948 5,749 5,344 3,013 2,331
1960..................
1961..................
1962.................
1963..................
1964..................
65,777
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
28,516
28,888
29,634
29,949
30,861
7,474
7,698
8,030
8,258
8,542
7,067
7,120
7,408
7,293
7,449
4,216
4,232
4,117
4,151
4,236
9,759
9,838
10,079
10,250
10,634
24,067
23,683
24,052
24,775
25,339
8,560
8,617
8,668
8,915
8,979
11,950
11,719
11,994
12,464
12,880
P)
P)
P)
P)
P)
P)
P)
0)
P)
3,557
3,347
3,390
3,396
(l) 3,480
8,031
8,261
8,383
8,671
8,893
1,980
2,035
2,023
2,029
2,041
6,051
6,226
6,360
6,642
6,852
5,163
4,913
4,632
4,364
4,212
2,781
2,706
2,587
2,388
2,313
2,383
2,207
2,045
1,976
1,899
1965..................
1966..................
1967..................
1968..................
1969..................
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902
31,852
33,068
34,232
35,551
36,884
8,872
9,310
9,879
10,325
10,769
7,340
7,405
7,495
7,776
7,987
4,499
4,541
4,525
4,647
4,692
11,141
11,812
12,333
12,803
13,397
26,247
26,950
27,261
27,525
28,237
9,216
9,589
9,845
10,015
10,193
13,345
13,829
13,884
13,955
14,372
P)
P)
P)
p>
p>
P) 3,686 8,936
p> 3,532 9,212
P) 3,533 9,325
1,956
1,904
1,769
1,725
1,631
6,980
7,308
7,556
7,656
7,897
4,053
3,666
3,554
3,464
3,292
2,238
2,091
1,970
1,926
1,844
1,815
1,575
1,584
1,538
1,443
1970..................
1971..................
1972..................
1973.................
1974..................
78,678
79,367
82,153
85,064
86,794
38,024
38,382
39,330
40,732
42,192
11,149
11,114
11,538
11,891
12,488
8,295
8,702
8,081
8,715
9,034
4,857
5,082
5,383
5,457
5,472
13,723
13,489
14,329
14,667
15,199
27,807
27,263
28,721
30,079
30,051
10,164
10,210
10,867
11,371
11,586
13,916
c)
P) 3,728
13,017
P)
p> 4,036
13,611 10,388 3,223 4,242
14,360 11,042 3,317 4,348
14,038 10,719 3,319 4,427
9,719
10,709
11,026
11,215
11,487
1,559
1,489
1,442
1,360
1,237
8,160
9,220
9,584
9,855
10,250
3,127
3,012
3,077
3,039
3,064
1,753
1,667
1,690
1,667
1,647
1,374
1,346
1,386
1,372
1,417
1975.................
1976..................
1977..................
1978.................
1979..................
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824
42,788
44,369
45,964
48,090
50,334
12,934 9,006 5,528
13,550 9,452 5,578
13,949 9,821 5,823
14,538 10,286 6,059
15,378 10,719 6,284
15,321
15,788
16,372
17,207
17,953
28,303
29,364
30,683
32,068
32,669
11,107
11,439
12,068
12,599
13,119
13,003
13,532
14,034
14,648
14,782
11,798
12,174
12,588
13,062
13,084
1,183
1,139
1,174
1,180
1,109
10,617
11,035
11,414
11.882
11,976
2,955
2,845
2,783
2,829
2,737
1,597
1,519
1,465
1,487
1,454
1,358
1,327
1,317
1,342
1,284
1980.................. 99,303 51,882
1981................. 100,397 52,949
1982................. 99,526 53,470
9,751
10,221
10,512
11,055
11,111
(■) 3,555 9,381
3,672 9,528
o
3,252
3,310
3,522
3,593
3,671
4,192
4,394
4,581
4,821
4,768
15,968 11,138 6,303 18,473 31,452 12,787 14,096 10,565 3,531 4,567 13,228
16,420 11,540 6,425 18,564 31,261 12,662 14,016 10,540 3,476 4,583 13,438
16,951 11,493 6,580 18,446 29,597 12,272 12,806 9,429 3,377 4,518 13,736
1,063 12,165 2,741 1,493 1,247
1,047 12,391 2,749 1,485 1,264
1,042 12,694 2,723 1,452 1,271
Percent distribution
1958.
1959.
100.0
100.0
42.6
42.7
11.0
11.0
10.8
10.7
6.3
6.5
14.5
14.4
37.0
37.1
13.4
13.2
18.1
18.3
P)
P)
P)
P)
5.5
5.6
11.9
11.9
3.2
3.0
8.8
8.9
8.5
8.3
4.9
4.7
3.4
6.6
1960.
1961.
1962.
1963.
1964.
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
43.4
43.9
44.4
44.2
44.5
11.4
11.7
12.0
12.2
12.3
10.7
10.8
11.1
10.8
10.7
6.4
6.4
6.2
6.1
6.1
14.8
15.0
15.1
15.1
15.3
36.6
36.0
36.1
36.6
36.6
13.0
13.1
13.0
13.2
13.0
18.2
17.8
18.0
18.4
18.6
P)
P)
P)
P)
P)
(1)
P)
P)
P)
P)
5.4
5.1
5.1
5.0
5.0
12.2
12.6
12.6
12.8
12.8
3.0
3.1
3.0
3.0
2.9
9.2
9.5
9.5
9.8
9.9
7.8
7.5
6.9
6.4
6.1
4.2
4.1
3.9
3.5
3.3
3.6
3.9
3.4
2.3
2.6
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.8
45.4
46.0
46.8
47.3
12.5
12.8
13.3
13.6
13.8
10.3
10.2
10.1
10.2
10.2
6.3
6.2
6.1
6.1
6.0
15.7
16.2
16.6
16.9
17.2
36.9
37.0
36.7
36.3
36.2
13.0
13.2
13.2
13.2
13.1
18.8
19.0
18.7
18.4
18.4
P)
p>
P)
p>
P)
P)
P)
P)
P)
P)
5.2
4.8
4.8
4.7
4.7
12.6
12.6
12.5
12.4
12.2
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.3
2.1
9.8
10.0
10.2
10.1
10.1
6.7
5.0
4.8
4.6
4.2
3.1
2.9
2.6
2.5
2.4
2.1
2.0
2.4
2.3
1.5
1970.
1971.
1972.
1973.
1974.
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.3
48.3
47.8
47.8
48.6
14.2
14.0
14.0
14.0
14.4
10.5
11.0
9.8
10.2
10.4
6.2
6.4
6.6
6.4
6.3
17.4
17.0
17.4
17.2
17.5
35.3
34.4
35.0
34.4
34.6
12.9
12.9
13.2
13.4
13.4
17.7
16.4
16.6
16.9
16.2
P)
0)
12.7
13.0
12.4
P)
P)
3.9
3.9
3.8
4.7
5.1
5.2
5.1
5.1
12.4
13.5
13.4
13.2
13.2
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.4
10.4
11.6
11.7
11.6
11.8
4.0
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
2.2
2.1
2.1
2.0
1.9
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1975.
1976.
1977.
1978.
1979.
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
49.8
50.0
49.9
50.0
50.9
15.0
15.2
15.1
15.1
15.5
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.7
10.8
6.4
6.3
6.3
6.3
6.4
17.8
17.8
17.8
17.9
18.2
33.0
33.1
33.4
33.4
33.1
12.9
12.9
13.1
13.1
13.3
15.2
15.3
15.3
15.3
15.0
11.4
11.5
11.4
11.5
11.3
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.7
4.9
4.9
5.0
5.0
4.8
13.7
13.7
13.7
13.6
13.2
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.1
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.1
3.5
3.2
3.0
3.0
2.8
1.9
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.3
1980.
1981.
1982.
100.0
100.0
100.0
52.2
52.7
53.7
16.1
16.4
17.0
11.2
11.5
11.5
6.3
6.4
6.6
18.6
18.5
18.5
31.7
31.1
29.7
12.9
12.6
12.3
14.2
14.0
12.9
10.6
10.5
9.5
3.6
3.5
3.4
4.6
4.6
4.5
13.3
13.4
13.8
1.1
1.0
1.0
12.3
12.3
12.8
2.8
2.7
2.7
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.3
See footnotes at end of table.
44
Table 16. Employed civilians by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1958-82—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
White-collar workers
Total
em
ployed
Total
Service workers
Blue-collar workers
Man
Profes agers
and Sales Cleri
sional admin
cal
and
work work
istra
techni
ers
ers
tors,
cal
except
farm
Farm workers
Operatives
Total
Farm
Pri
Craft
ers
vate Other
Non
and
serv
and
kin
Ex Trans farm Total house ice
hold work Total farm
port labor
dred Total cept
man
work ers
work
trans equip ers
agers
ers
ers
port ment
Farm
labor
ers
and
super
visors
Men
1958.................. 42,423 15,485
1959.................. 43,466 15,974
3,381 2,711
3,523 2,732
37 2,674 4,392 2,957 1,435
33 2,699 4,335 2,894 1,441
3,478
3,270
3,304
3,307
3,392
2,851
2,906
2,980
3,095
3,199
33
44
46
44
46
2,818
2,862
2,934
3,051
3,153
4,206
4,061
3,817
3,547
3,434
2,670
2,578
2,456
2,257
2,181
1,536
1,483
1,361
1,290
1,253
3,579
3,424
3,417
3,429
3,520
3,194
3,319
3,334
3,308
3,257
40
43
33
35
39
3,154
3,276
3,301
3,273
3,218
3,295
2,990
2,936
2,878
2,723
2,107
1,968
1,872
1,844
1,764
1,188
1,022
1,066
1,034
959
3,591
9,610
0)
( *)
3,784
9,038
<*>
( *)
9,468 6,380 3,088 3,972
9,848 6,695 3,153 4,044
9,670 6,520 3,151 4,068
3,288
4,048
4,154
4,158
4,267
40
37
34
23
27
3,247
4,007
4,112
4,123
4,224
2,602
2,498
2,533
2,523
2,577
1,673
929
917
1,581
943
1,590
960
1,563
1,548 1,030
4,461
4,695
4,799
4,900
4,931
31
31
36
28
27
4,412
4,642
4,737
4,843
4,871
2,492
2,385
2,305
2,315
2,245
1,496
1,427
1,372
1,355
1,313
998
956
934
960
932
27 4,973 2,250 1,335
38 5,059 2,260 1,317
33 5,202 2,246 1,280
914
943
966
4,416
4,582
5,751 2,409 2,909 19,833 8,237 8,215
5,858 2,549 2,985 20,422 8,341 8,558
H
(*)
(')
(*>
1960..................
1961..................
1962..................
1963..................
1964..................
43,904
43,656
44,177
44,657
45,474
16,409
16,617
17,008
17,059
17,480
4,768
4,952
5,170
5,309
5,435
5,967
6,002
6,275
6,180
6,341
2,535
2,553
2,435
2,453
2,506
3,139
3,110
3,128
3,117
3,198
20,438
20,072
20,372
20,956
21,360
8,338
8,401
8,445
8,675
8,731
8,662
8,401
8,623
8,974
9,237
1965..................
1966..................
1967..................
1968..................
1969..................
46,340
46,919
47,479
48,114
48,818
17,746
18,094
18,527
19,117
19,574
5,596
5,836
6,183
6,449
6,751
6,230
6,238
6,318
6,535
6,726
2,641
2,672
2,622
2,724
2,675
3,279
3,348
3,406
3,409
3,422
22,107
22,514
22,683
22,812
23,263
8,947
9,334
9,560
9,696
9,854
9,581
9,756
9,706
9,687
9,883
1970..................
1971..................
1972..................
1973..................
1974..................
48,990
49,390
50,896
52,349
53,024
20,067
20,201
20,291
20,872
21,374
6,847
6,763
7,004
7,134
7,436
6,972
7,200
6,655
7,103
7,355
2,765
2,920
3,143
3,198
3,183
3,483
3,318
3,488
3,436
3,401
23,033
22,643
23,918
24,796
24,806
9,832
9,821
10,478
10,904
11,068
1975..................
1976..................
1977..................
1978..................
1979..................
51,857
53,138
54,728
56,479
57,607
21,405
21,875
22,384
23,061
23,786
7,592
7,858
8,010
8,338
8,727
7,241
7,467
7,621
7,869
8,071
3,175
3,185
3,303
3,345
3,451
3,398
3,364
3,451
3,510
3,537
23,498
24,184
25,241
26,203
26,646
10,599
10,884
11,457
11,889
12,367
1980.................. 57,186 24,260
1981.................. 57,397 24,608
1982.................. 56,271 24,727
8,904
9,100
9,302
8,219 3,450 3,687 25,642 12,018 9,581 6,334 3,248 4,040 5,036
8,372 3,509 3,626 25,433 11,859 9,517 6,350 3,167 4,059 5,097
8,273 3,595 3,556 24,063 11,408 8,665 5,590 3,075 3,990 5,234
9,070
9,315
9,633
9,994
10,049
( ')
(*>
(* )
(*)
(')
(M
(* )
H
( ')
n
(')
H
(* )
(•)
n
H
(*>
o
(* )
(*)
6,003
6,217
6,353
6,663
6,678
3,067
3,098
3,280
3,332
3,372
3,829
3,984
4,151
4,320
4,229
Percent distribution
H
8.0
8.1
6.4
6.3
0.1
.1
6.3
6.2
10.3
10.0
7.0
6.7
3.4
3.3
n
(*)
(l)
(*)
(l)
c )
(‘)
7.9
7.5
7.5
7.4
7.5
6.5
6.7
6.7
6.9
7.0
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
6.4
6.6
6.6
6.8
6.9
9.6
9.3
8.6
7.9
7.6
6.1
5.9
5.6
5.1
4.8
3.5
3.8
3.9
2.6
2.1
(*)
(*)
(>)
(')
(>)
7.7
7.3
7.2
7.1
7.2
6.9
7.1
7.0
6.9
6.7
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
6.8
7.0
7.0
6.8
6.6
7.1
6.4
6.2
6.0
5.6
4.5
4.2
3.9
3.8
3.6
2.7
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.0
(‘)
6.1
6.0
6.0
7.3
7.7
7.8
7.7
7.7
6.7
8.2
8.2
7.9
8.0
.1
.1
.1
.1
6.6
8.1
8.1
7.9
8.0
5.3
5.1
5.0
4.8
4.9
3.4
3.2
3.1
3.0
2.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.9
11.6
11.7
11.6
11.8
11.6
5.9
5.8
6.0
5.9
5.9
7.4
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.3
8.6
8.8
8.8
8.7
8.5
.1
.1
.1
(2)
(2)
8.5
8.8
8.7
8.6
8.5
4.8
4.5
4.2
4.1
3.9
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.4
2.3
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.6
11.1
11.1
9.9
5.7
5.5
5.5
7.0
7.1
7.1
8.8
8.9
9.3
(2)
.1
.1
8.7
8.8
9.2
4.0
3.9
4.0
2.4
2.3
2.3
1.6
1.6
1.7
1958..................
1959..................
100.0
100.0
36.5
36.7
10.4
10.5
13.6
13.5
5.7
5.8
6.8
6.8
46.8
47.0
19.4
19.2
19.3
19.7
(*)
(*)
1960..................
1961.................
1962.................
1963..................
1964.................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
37.4
38.1
38.5
38.2
38.4
10.9
11.3
11.7
11.9
12.0
13.6
13.7
14.2
13.8
13.9
5.8
5.8
5.5
5.5
5.5
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.0
7.0
46.6
46.0
46.1
46.9
47.0
19.0
19.2
19.1
19.4
19.2
19.6
19.2
19.5
20.1
20.3
n
1965..................
1966.................
1967..................
1968..................
1969.................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
38.3
38.6
39.0
39.7
40.1
12.1
12.4
13.0
13.4
13.8
13.4
13.3
13.3
13.6
13.8
5.7
5.7
5.5
5.7
5.5
7.1
7.1
7.2
7.1
7.0
47.7
48.0
47.8
47.4
47.7
19.3
19.9
20.1
20.2
20.2
20.7
20.8
20.4
20.1
20.2
1970..................
1971..................
1972..................
1973.................
1974.................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
41.0
40.9
39.9
39.8
40.3
14.0
13.7
13.7
13.6
14.0
14.2
14.6
13.1
13.6
13.9
5.6
5.9
6.2
6.1
6.0
7.1
6.7
6.9
6.6
6.4
47.0
45.9
47.0
47.4
46.8
20.1
19.9
20.6
20.8
20.9
19.6
18.3
18.6
18.8
18.3
(*)
12.5
12.8
12.3
1975.................
1976.................
1977.................
1978.................
1979.................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
41.3
41.1
40.9
40.8
41.2
14.6
14.7
14.6
14.7
15.1
14.0
14.1
13.9
14.0
14.0
6.1
6.0
6.0
5.9
6.0
6.5
6.3
6.3
6.2
6.1
45.3
45.5
46.2
46.4
46.3
20.4
20.5
20.9
21.1
21.5
17.5
17.6
17.6
17.7
17.5
1980.................
1981..................
1982..................
100.0
100.0
100.0
42.4
42.9
43.9
15.5
15.9
16.5
14.4
14.6
14.7
6.0
6.1
6.4
6.4
6.3
6.3
44.8
-■4.3
42.8
21.0
20.7
20.3
16.8
16.6
15.4
See footnotes at end of table.
45
(*>
H
(* )
(i)
H
(*)
n
(')
(* )
(2)
Table 16. Employed civilians by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1958-82—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
White-collar workers
Year
Total
em
ployed
Total
Service workers
Blue-collar workers
Man
Profes agers
and Sales Cleri
sional admin
cal
and
work work
techni istra
ers
tors,
ers
cal
except
farm
Total
Farm workers
Operatives
Farm Farm
Pri
Ci aft
ers labor
Non
vate Other
and
serv
and
ers
kin
Ex Trans farm Total house ice
Total
farm
and
hold
port labor
dred
cept
super
work work
man
work Total trans equip ers
ers
agers visors
ers
port ment
ers
Women
1958................. 20,613 11,352
1959.................. 21,164 11,619
2,536
2,558
1,034 1,576 6,206
1,078 1,661 6,322
3,515
3,571
226 3,187
213 3,258
(*)
D
H
(>)
1960..................
1961..................
1962..................
1963..................
1964..................
21,874
22,090
22,525
23,105
23,831
12,106
12,272
12,626
12,890
13,381
2,706
2,746
2,860
2,946
3,107
1,099
1,118
1,133
1,113
1,108
1,681
1,680
1,682
1,698
1,730
6,620
6,728
6,951
7,133
7,436
3,629
3,612
3,680
3,819
3,982
222
216
223
240
250
3,328
3,318
3,371
3,490
3,643
(‘)
H
H
(’)
(l)
H
(>)
(‘)
(*)
(x)
79
77
86
89
88
1965..................
1966..................
1967..................
1968..................
1969..................
24,748
25,976
26,893
27,807
29,084
14,106
14,974
15,705
16,435
17,271
3,276
3,474
3,697
3,877
4,018
1,110
1,167
1,177
1,241
1,261
1,858
1,869
1,904
1,923
2,017
7,862
8,464
8,928
9,394
9,975
4,140
4,436
4,580
4,712
4,974
269
255
286
319
339
3,764
4,073
4,178
4,267
4,489
(')
(')
(>)
H
n
(l)
(x)
(l)
H
(x)
1970..................
1971..................
1972..................
1973..................
1974..................
29,688
29,976
31,257
32,715
33,769
17,957
18,181
19,038
19,860
20,817
4,302
4,351
4,534
4,757
5,052
1,323
1,501
1,425
1,612
1,679
2,092
2,162
2,239
2,259
2,289
10,240
10,167
10,840
11,232
11,797
4,774
4,620
4,803
5,283
5,246
332
389
390
468
518
4,305
3,979
(*>
4,143 4,008
4,512 4,347
4,370 4,201
(')
1975..................
1976..................
1977..................
1978..................
1979..................
33,989
35,615
37,289
39,569
41,217
21,382
22,493
23,580
25,029
26,549
5,341
5,692
5,939
6,200
6,651
1,764
1,984
2,200
2,417
2,649
2,353
2,393
2,520
2,714
2,833
11,923
12,423
12,922
13,699
14,416
4,805
5,181
5,442
5,865
6,022
509
555
611
710
752
3,933
4,215
4,400
4,654
4,732
1980.................. 42,117 27,621
1981.................. 43,000 28,341
1982.................. 43,256 28,744
7,063
7,319
7,650
2,920 2,853 14,787
3,168 2,916 14,938
3,219 2,985 14,890
5,810
5,828
5,533
102 4,776
100 4,965
1,932 2,844
969
1,915 3,050 1,009
122
119
847
890
5,180
5,355
5,405
5,576
5,694
1,947
1,991
1,977
1,985
1,995
3,233
3,364
3,426
3,591
3,699
958
852
815
817
778
111
128
131
131
132
847
724
684
686
646
107
108
117
126
146
5,742
5,893
5,992
6,072
6,271
1,916
1,861
1,737
1,689
1,592
3,826
4,032
4,255
4,383
4,679
758
676
618
587
569
131
123
98
82
79
627
553
520
505
489
n
(>)
135
165
169
136
252
270
303
359
6,432
6,661
6,872
7,058
7,221
1,519
1,452
1,408
1,337
1,210
4,912
5,208
5,464
5,721
6,011
525
515
544
516
486
80
86
100
103
98
445
429
444
413
387
3,748
4,004
4,159
4,392
4,433
185
211
242
261
299
363
410
431
501
538
7,339
7,479
7,789
8,162
8,154
1,152
1,108
1,139
1,153
1,081
6,185
6,372
6,651
7,009
7,072
463
461
477
514
492
103
92
94
132
140
361
370
385
381
353
769 4,514 4,231
802 4,499 4,190
864 4,140 3,838
283
309
302
528 8,193
527 8,342
528 8,502
1,036 7,157
1,010 7,332
1,010 7,492
492
490
477
159
168
172
334
322
306
Percent distribution
1958..................
1959..................
100.0
100.0
55.1
54.9
12.3
12.1
5.0
5.1
7.7
7.9
30.1
29.9
17.1
16.9
1.1
1.0
15.4
15.4
(>)
(x)
(>)
(x)
0.5
.5
23.3
23.5
9.5
9.1
13.8
14.4
4.6
4.7
0.6
.6
4.9
4.2
1960..................
1961..................
1962.................
1963..................
1964..................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
55.3
55.6
56.1
55.8
56.1
12.4
12.4
12.7
12.8
13.0
5.0
5.1
5.0
4.8
4.6
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.3
7.3
16.6
30.5
30.9
30.9
31.2
15.2
16.4
16.3
16.5
16.7
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
15.2
15.0
15.0
15.1
15.3
n
(*)
(J>
(')
H
(x)
(x)
(l)
(1)
.4
.3
.4
.4
.4
23.7
24.2
24.0
24.1
23.9
8.9
9.0
8.8
8.6
8.4
14.8
15.2
15.2
15.5
15.5
4.4
3.9
3.6
3.5
3.3
.5
.6
.6
.6
.6
3.9
3.3
3.0
3.0
2.7
1965..................
1966..................
1967..................
1968..................
1969..................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
57.0
57.6
58.4
59.1
59.4
13.2
13.4
13.7
13.9
13.8
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.3
7.5
7.2
7.1
6.9
6.9
31.8
32.6
33.2
33.8
34.3
16.7
17.1
17.0
16.9
17.1
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.2
15.2
15.7
15.5
15.3
15.4
(*)
(‘)
(l)
(!)
n
(l)
(x)
(x)
(‘)
(l)
.4
.4
.4
.5
.5
23.2
22.7
22.3
21.8
21.6
7.7
7.2
6.5
6.1
5.5
15.5
15.5
15.8
15.8
16.1
3.1
2.6
2.3
2.1
2.0
.5
.5
.4
.3
.3
2.5
2.1
1.9
1.8
1.7
1970.................
1971.................
1972.................
1973.................
1974.................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
60.5
60.6
60.9
60.7
61.6
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.5
14.9
4.5
5.0
4.5
4.9
4.9
7.0
7.2
7.2
6.9
6.8
34.5
33.9
34.7
34.3
34.9
16.1
15.4
15.3
16.2
15.5
1.1
1.3
1.2
1.4
1.5
14.5
13.3
13.3
13.8
13.0
(!)
(!)
12.8
13.3
12.5
(»)
j 1)
.4
.5
.5
.5
.8
.9
.9
1.1
21.7
22.2
22.0
21.6
21.4
5.1
4.9
4.5
4.1
3.6
16.5
17.4
17.5
17.5
17.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.4
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.2
1975.................
1976.................
1977.................
1978.................
1979.................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
62.9
63.1
63.2
63.2
64.4
15.7
16.0
15.9
15.6
16.1
5.2
5.5
5.9
6.1
6.4
6.9
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.9
35.1
34.9
34.7
34.6
35.0
14.1
14.5
14.6
14.8
14.6
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.8
1.8
11.6
11.8
11.8
11.8
11.5
11.0
11.3
11.2
11.1
10.8
.5
.6
.6
.7
.7
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.3
21.6
21.0
20.9
20.7
19.8
3.4
3.1
3.1
2.9
2.6
18.2
17.9
17.9
17.7
17.2
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
1.1
1.0
1.0
1.0
.9
1980.................
1981.................
1982.................
100.0
100.0
100.0
65.6
65.9
66.5
16.8
17.0
17.7
6.9
7.4
7.4
6.8
6.8
6.9
35.1
34.7
34.4
13.8
13.6
12.8
1.8
1.9
2.0
10.7
10.5
9.6
10.0
9.7
8.9
.7
.7
.7
1.2
12
1.2
19.5
19 4
19.7
25
23
2.3
17 0
17 1
17.3
12
11
1.1
.4
4
.4
.8
.7
.7
See footnotes at end of table.
46
Table 16. Employed civilians by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1958-82—-Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
White-collar workers
Year
Total
em
ployed
Total
Man
Profes agers
and Sales Cleri
sional admin
cal
and
work work
techni istra
ers
ers
tors,
cal
except
farm
Total
Farm workers
Service workers
i
Blue-collar workers
Operatives
Farm
Pri
Craft
ers
vate Other
Non
and
serv
and
kin
Ex Trans farm Total house ice
Total
farm
hold
dred
cept
port labor
man
work work
work Total trans equip ers
ers
agers
ers
port ment
ers
Farm
labor
ers
and
super
visors
White
1958................. 56,614 25,953
1959................. 58,005 26,639
6,690
6,836
6,631 3,907 8,725 20,734 8,085 10,109
6,773 4,127 8,903 21,265 8,165 10,495
1960..................
1961.................
1962.................
1963.................
1964.................
58,850
58,912
59,698
60,622
61,922
27,409
27,771
28,459
28,681
29,477
7,138
7,380
7,658
7,821
8,043
6,889
6,946
7,219
7,101
7,257
4,123
4,135
4,012
4,029
4,111
9,259
9,310
9,570
9,730
10,066
21,277
20,989
21,260
21,922
22,344
8,139
8,191
8,240
8,446
8,465
10,536
10,326
10,586
10,996
11,365
1965.................
1966.................
1967.................
1968.................
1969.................
63,445
65,019
66,361
67,751
69,518
30,359
31,424
32,395
33,561
34,647
8,348
8,759
9,287
9,685
10,074
7,136
7,198
7,287
7,551
7,733
4,364
4,403
4,387
4,489
4,527
10,511
11,064
11,435
11,836
12,314
23,114
23,650
23,863
24,063
24,647
8,695
8,989
9,229
9,359
9,484
11,699
12,047
12,002
12,023
12,368
1970.................
1971.................
1972.................
1973.................
1974.................
70,216
70,878
73,370
75,708
77,185
35,659
35,896
36,679
37,780
39,069
10,379
10,340
10,685
10,945
11,459
7,996
8,353
7,747
8,322
8,630
4,677
4,888
5,184
5,240
5,247
12,607
12,292
13,062
13,272
13,734
24,241
23,883
25,232
26,282
26,211
1975.................
1976.................
1977.................
1978.................
1979.................
76,411
78,853
81,700
84,936
87,259
39,507
40,874
42,252
43,988
45,876
11,823 8,578
12,358 8,997
12,691 9,311
13,189 9,730
13,912 10,094
5,272
5,330
5,547
5,737
5,957
13,835
14,191
14,703
15,333
15,913
24,794
25,665
26,836
27,966
28,462
1980................ 87,715 47,267
1981.................. 88,709 48,147
1982................. 87,902 48,630
(')
(‘ )
( *>
(')
(')
(>)
(*)
(')
2,540 5,365
2,605 5,585
983 4,382 4,557 2,839 1,718
975 4,613 4,514 2,781 1,733
2,602
2,472
2,443
2,480
2,523
5,827
6,020
6,088
6,327
6,512
991
1,046
1,001
1,011
1,043
4,836
4,974
5,087
5,316
5,469
4,335
4,133
3,879
3,689
3,591
2,557
2,504
2,392
2,221
2,168
1,778
1,629
1,487
1,468
1,423
2,720
2,614
2,635
2,681
2,795
6,517
6,740
6,971
7,065
7,289
993
976
934
947
917
5,524
5,764
6,037
6,118
6,372
3,454
3,206
3,130
3,062
2,935
2,100
1,963
1,862
1,828
1,759
1,354
1,243
1,268
1,234
1,176
9,471
9,539
10,104
10,542
10,685
11,933
2,861
H
(’ )
11,297
3,163
(‘ )
(*)
11,744 9,000 2,744 3,383
12,292 9,463 2,829 3,452
11,949 9,125 2,824 3,578
7,518
8,373
8,650
8,863
9,101
906
873
856
836
760
6,612
7,500
7,794
8,026
8,341
2,798
2,726
2,811
2,779
2,803
1,665
1,604
1,635
1,604
1,581
1,132
1,122
1,176
1,176
1,221
10,279
10,573
11,142
11,621
12,038
11,128
11,511
11,597
12,392
12,505
9,398
9,698
10,051
10,423
10,439
734
715
752
789
739
8,663
8,984
9,299
9,634
9,701
2,712
2,615
2,560
2,559
2,481
1,541
1,472
1,426
1,434
1,413
1,171
1,145
1,134
1,125
1,068
(')
n
(')
C )
(*)
C )
(')
C )
(')
(*)
(')
C )
(*)
(*)
(*)
C)
8,336
8,679
8,957
9,340
9,374
2,792
2,832
3,000
3,052
3,131
3,387
3,581
3,737
3,954
3,918
14,444 10,512 5,963 16,350 27,327 11,683 11,864 8,884 2,984 3,776 10,593
14,794 10,867 6,075 16,410 27,191 11,590 11,744 8,836 2,938 3,826 10,814
15,308 10,834 6,217 16,271 25,710 11,238 10,743 7,861 2,882 3,730 11,036
706 9,888 2,527 1,453 1,074
709 10,105 2,558 1,450 1,108
730 10,306 2,527 1,421 1,106
Percent distribution
1958.................
1959..................
100.0
100.0
45.8
45.9
11.8
11.8
11.7
11.7
6.9
7.1
15.4
15.3
36.6
36.7
14.3
14.1
17.9
18.1
1960..................
1961.................
1962.................
1963.................
1964.................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
46.6
47.1
47.7
47.3
47.6
12.1
12.5
12.8
12.9
13.0
11.7
11.8
12.1
11.7
11.7
7.0
7.0
6.7
6.6
6.6
15.7
15.8
16.0
16.1
16.3
36.2
35.6
35.6
36.2
36.1
13.8
13.9
13.8
13.9
13.7
17.9
17.5
17.7
18.1
18.4
1965.................
1966.................
1967..................
1968.................
1969.................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
47.9
48.3
48.8
49.5
49.8
13.2
13.5
14.0
14.3
14.5
11.2
11.1
11.0
11.1
11.1
6.9
6.8
6.6
6.6
6.5
16.6
17.0
17.2
17.5
17.7
36.4
36.4
36.0
35.5
35.5
13.7
13.8
13.9
13.8
13.6
18.4
18.5
18.1
17.7
17.8
( >)
(*)
(*)
(l)
(')
(l)
1970.................
1971.................
1972.................
1973.................
1974.................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
50.8
50.6
50.0
49.9
50.6
14.8
14.6
14.6
14.4
14.8
11.4
11.8
10.6
11.0
11.2
6.7
6.9
7.1
6.9
6.8
18.0
17:4
17.8
17.5
17.8
34.5
33.7
34.4
34.7
34.0
13.5
13.5
13.8
13.9
13.8
17.0
15.8
16.0
16.3
15.5
1975.................
1976.................
1977.................
1978.................
1979.................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
51.7
51.8
51.7
51.8
52.5
15.5
15.7
13.5
15.5
15.9
11.2
11.4
11.4
11.4
11.6
6.9
6.7
6.8
6.7
6.8
18.1
18.0
18.0
18.0
18.2
32.4
32.6
32.9
32.9
32.6
13.4
13.4
13.6
13.7
13.8
1980.................
1981.................
1982..................
100.0
100.0
100.0
53.9
54.3
55.3
16.5
16.7
17.4
12.0
12.3
12.3
6.8
6.8
7.1
18.6
18.5
18.5
31.1
30.7
29.2
13.3
13.1
12.8
See footnotes at end of table.
47
4.5
4.5
9.5
9.6
1.7
1.7
7.7
8.0
8.0
7.8
5.0
4.8
3.0
3.0
4.4
4.2
4.1
4.1
4.1
9.9
10.2
10.2
10.4
10.5
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
8.2
8.4
8.5
8.8
8.8
7.4
7.0
6.5
6.1
5.8
4.3
4.3
4.0
3.7
3.5
3.0
2.0
2.8
2.5
2.4
(*)
(>)
(*)
(*)
4.3
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.0
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.4
10.5
1.6
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.3
8.7
8.9
9.1
9.0
9.2
5.4
4.9
4.7
4.5
4.2
3.3
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.5
2.3
2.1
1.9
1.9
1.8
(l)
(l)
12.3
12.5
11.8
(')
(')
3.7
3.7
3.7
4.1
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.6
10.7
11.8
11.8
11.7
11.8
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.0
9.4
10.6
10.6
10.6
10.8
4.0
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.6
2.4
2.3
2.2
2.1
2.1
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.6
1.6
14.6
14.6
14.7
14.6
14.4
10.9
11.0
11.0
11.0
10.8
3.7
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.6
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.5
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.0
1.0
.9
.9
.9
.8
11.3
11.4
11.4
11.4
11.1
3.6
3.3
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
13.5
13.3
12.2
10.1
10.0
8.9
3.4
3.3
3.3
4.3
4.3
4.2
12.1
12.2
12.6
.8
.8
.8
11.3
11.4
11.7
2.9
2.9
2.9
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.2
1.2
1.3
(*)
(l)
<‘ >
(')
n
(')
(*)
C)
(')
(*)
( *>
( *>
(')
(’)
Table 16. Employed civilians by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1958-82—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
White-collar workers
Year
Total
em
ployed
Total
Service workers
Blue-collar workers
Man
Profes agers
and Sales Cleri
sional admin
cal
work work
and
istra
techni
ers
ers
tors,
cal
except
farm
Farm workers
Operatives
Total
Farm Farm
Pri
Craft
vate Other
ers labor
Non
and
serv
and
ers
house
kin
Ex Trans farm Total
ice
Total farm
and
hold work
port labor
dred Total cept
man super
work ers
work
trans equip ers
agers visors
ers
port ment
ers
Black
1973..................
1974.................
8,128
8,203
2,328
2,381
692
720
282
280
170 1,185
162 1,220
3,435
3,444
718 1,891 1,421
775 1,898 1,436
470
462
827 2,147
770 2,152
512 1,635
462 1,691
220
227
51
51
169
176
1975..................
1976..................
1977..................
1978.................
1979.................
7,894
8,231
8,540
9,102
9,359
2,440
2,608
2,782
3,057
3,296
740
811
865
911
985
290
313
348
378
429
184
178
205
231
232
1,224
1,306
1,364
1,536
1,651
3,097
3,233
3,359
3,543
3,584
701
730
771
802
889
1,247
1,333
1,335
1,460
1,446
427
445
489
500
493
722
725
765
780
757
435
409
405
377
354
1,714
1,781
1,809
1,914
1,923
210
196
184
210
200
46
37
34
36
26
164
159
150
175
174
1980..................
1981..................
1982..................
9,313
9,355
9,189
3,409
3,529
3,524
1,016
1,085
1,088
418
459
445
252 1,724
251 1,744
253 1,738
3,471
3,414
3,221
904 1,875 1,368
865 1,893 1,395
823 1,714 1,270
507
498
444
691 2,271
656 2,266
684 2,293
340 1,931
323 1,943
294 1,999
162
136
149
22
18
17
141
118
132
1,674
1,778
1,824
1,960
1,939
2,149
2,189
2,215
2,292
2,277
Percent distribution
1973..................
1974..................
100.0
100.0
28.6
29.0
8.5
8.8
3.5
3.4
2.1
2.0
14.6
14.9
42.3
42.0
8.8
9.4
23.3
23.1
17.5
17.5
5.8
5.6
10.2
9.4
26.4
26.2
6.3
5.6
20.1
20.6
2.7
2.8
.6
.6
2.1
2.1
1975.................
1976.................
1977..................
1978.................
1979.................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
30.9
31.7
32.6
33.6
35.2
9.4
9.8
10.1
10.0
10.5
3.7
3.8
4.1
4.1
4.6
2.3
2.2
2.4
2.5
2.5
15.5
15.9
16.0
16.9
17.6
39.2
39.3
39.3
39.0
38.2
8.9
8.9
9.0
8.9
9.5
21.2
21.6
21.3
21.5
20.7
15.8
16.2
15.6
16.0
15.4
5.4
5.4
5.7
5.4
5.3
9.1
8.8
8.9
8.7
8.1
27.2
26.6
26.0
25.2
24.3
5.5
5.0
4.7
4.1
3.8
21.7
21.6
21.2
21.0
20.5
2.7
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.1
.6
.4
.4
.4
.3
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.9
1.8
1980.................
1981.................
1982.................
100.0
100.0
100.0
36.6
37.8
38.4
10.9
11.6
11.8
4.5
4.9
4.8
2.7
2.7
2.8
18.5
18.6
18.9
37.3
36.5
35.1
9.7
9.2
9.0
20.1
20.2
18.7
14.7
14.9
13.8
5.4
5.3
4.8
7.4
7.0
7.4
24.4
24.2
25.0
3.7
3.5
3.2
20.7
20.8
21.8
1.7
1.4
1.6
.2
.2
.2
1.5
1.3
1.4
Hispanic origin
1973..................
1974.................
3,396
3,687
983
1,137
220
255
186
204
126
143
450
535
1,686
1,759
441
474
975
989
822
835
153
154
270
296
536
571
61
52
475
519
191
218
8
9
182
209
1975..................
1976..................
1977..................
1978.................
3,663
3,720
4,079
4,527
1,193
1,210
1,303
1,470
288
292
304
340
205
204
232
267
139
137
153
177
562
577
614
686
1,700
1,706
1,901
2,110
472
951
921
493
560 1,018
607 1,137
786
766
849
953
165
155
169
184
277
291
323
365
604
639
695
761
65
67
74
70
539
571
621
691
166
164
180
185
12
6
8
8
154
157
171
178
1979.................
1980.................
1981..................
1982..................
4,785
5,126
5,348
5,158
1,568
1,758
1,869
1,885
365
407
435
440
290
328
354
337
189
203
207
218
724
820
873
890
2,257
2,331
2,397
2,214
667
704
708
680
1,215 1,022
1,265 1,063
1,298 1,074
1,162
943
193
202
224
219
375
362
391
372
779
840
880
867
73
86
78
85
706
754
802
782
180
196
203
192
12
13
10
8
169
183
193
184
1973..................
1974.................
100.0
100.0
28.9
30.9
6.5
6.9
5.5
5.5
3.7
3.9
13.3
14.5
49.7
47.7
13.0
12.9
28.7
26.8
24.2
22.7
4.5
4.2
8.0
8.0
15.8
15.5
1.8
1.4
14.0
14.1
5.6
5.9
0.2
.2
5.4
5.7
1975..................
1976..................
1977..................
1978.................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
32.6
32.5
32.0
32.5
7.9
7.8
7.5
7.5
5.6
5.5
5.7
5.9
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.9
15.3
15.5
15.1
15.2
46.4
45.9
46.6
46.6
12.9
13.3
13.7
13.4
25.9
24.8
25.0
25.1
21.5
20.6
20.8
21.1
4.5
4.2
4.1
4.1
7.6
7.8
7.9
8.1
16.5
17.2
17.0
16.8
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.5
14.7
15.3
15.2
15.3
4.5
4.4
4.4
4.1
.3
.2
.2
.2
4.2
4.2
4.2
3.9
1979.................
1980................
1981................
1982.................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
32.8
34.3
34.9
36.5
7.6
7.9
8.1
8.5
6.1
6.4
6.6
6.5
4.0
4.0
3.9
4.2
15.1
16.0
16.3
17.3
47.2
45.5
44.8
42.9
13.9
13.7
13.2
13.2
25.4
24.7
24.3
22.5
21.4
20.7
20.1
18.3
4.0
3.9
4.2
4.2
7.8
7.1
7.3
7.2
16.3
16.4
16.5
16.8
1.5
1.7
1.5
1.6
14.8
14.7
15.0
15.2
3.8
3.8
3.8
3.7
.3
.3
.2
.2
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.6
Percent distribution
1 Not available.
2 Less than 0.05 percent.
N o t e : Beginning in 1971, occupational data are not strictly comparable
with statistics for earlier years, as a result of changes in the occupational
classification system for the 1970 Census of Population that were intro-
duced into the Current Population Survey (CPS) in January 1971. Moreover,
data from 1972 forward are not completely comparable with those for 1971,
because of the addition of a question to the CPS in December 1971 relating
to major activities and duties. For further explanation, see the Technical
Note on the Current Population Survey.
48
Table 17. Employed civilians by detailed occupation, 1975-82
[In thousands]
Total employed
Occupation
T o ta l.......................................................................................................
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
85,846
88,752
92,017
96,048
98,824
99,303
100,397
99,526
53,470
16,951
1,193
94
751
434
242
1,574
71
199
404
260
240
White-collar workers..................................................................................
Professional and technical................................................................
Accountants................................................................................
Architects....................................................................................
Computer specialists..................................................................
Computer programmers......................................................
Computer systems analysts...............................................
Engineers....................................................................................
Aeronautical and astronautical engineers........................
Civil engineers.....................................................................
Electrical and electronic engineers...................................
Industrial engineers............................................................
Mechanical engineers........................................................
42,788
12,934
797
71
370
228
124
1,170
52
164
295
190
203
44,369
13,550
884
64
396
235
139
1,214
52
159
306
205
203
45,964
13,949
889
59
381
228
132
1,295
55
176
331
218
219
48,090
14,538
999
71
439
255
155
1,297
61
166
337
211
220
50,334
15,378
1,072
86
547
330
181
1,421
66
168
365
250
242
57,882
15,968
1,076
92
598
351
205
1,472
75
187
367
251
242
52,949
16,420
1,126
93
627
367
213
1,537
84
190
380
237
252
Foresters and conservationists.................................................
Lawyers and judges...................................................................
Lawyers................................................................................
Librarians, archivists, and curators...........................................
Librarians.............................................................................
Life and physical scientists.......................................................
Biological scientists............................................................
Chemists..............................................................................
Operations and systems researchers and analysts................
Personnel and labor relations workers.....................................
41
398
379
191
181
281
55
133
126
331
38
420
402
193
183
287
52
125
132
340
56
470
448
209
194
281
56
127
124
376
60
508
487
204
188
279
60
121
131
412
59
509
487
203
189
287
57
129
159
421
67
558
532
201
183
309
66
132
173
461
59
581
558
192
177
311
59
138
199
441
61
630
606
207
193
320
63
133
246
423
Physicians, dentists, and related practitioners........................
Dentists................................................................................
Pharmacists.........................................................................
Physicians, medical and osteopathic................................
Nurses, dietitians, and therapists..............................................
Registered nurses..............................................................
Therapists............................................................................
Health technologists and technicians.......................................
Clinical laboratory technologists and technicians............
Radiological technologists and technicians.....................
661
112
122
363
1,143
948
161
406
181
80
687
109
126
379
1,224
999
163
446
197
81
743
107
142
416
1,309
1,081
183
474
200
86
778
119
140
438
1,378
1,133
195
512
214
99
811
134
140
447
1,519
1,246
213
549
224
106
803
143
125
444
1,607
1,327
220
588
242
102
828
130
152
454
1,654
1,339
251
643
276
104
869
121
168
486
1,736
1,415
252
657
266
108
Religious workers.......................................................................
Clergy...................................................................................
Social scientists..........................................................................
Economists..........................................................................
Psychologists......................................................................
Social and recreation workers...................................................
Social workers....................................................................
Recreation workers............................................................
Teachers, college and university...............................................
307
253
193
99
62
407
300
108
549
332
264
205
106
71
453
332
120
544
351
293
229
108
93
451
330
120
570
330
266
261
120
108
513
391
123
572
344
287
244
122
93
486
367
118
556
321
270
285
141
108
509
390
118
564
337
282
314
160
117
511
390
121
585
347
285
345
200
120
496
384
113
601
Teachers, except college and university..................................
Adult education teachers....................................................
Elementary school teachers...............................................
Prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers.....................
Secondary school teachers................................................
Teachers, except college and university, n.e.c................
Engineering and science technicians.......................................
Chemical technicians.........................................................
Drafters................................................................................
Electrical and electronic engineering technicians............
Surveyors.............................................................................
Technicians, except health, engineering, and science............
Airplane pilots.....................................................................
Radio operators..................................................................
Vocational and educational counselors...................................
3,049
57
1,344
217
1,193
236
913
77
307
181
72
157
61
43
145
3,131
57
1,397
232
1,199
247
917
78
299
202
71
186
65
61
174
3,061
77
1,329
235
1,170
249
915
79
291
200
71
190
65
67
176
3,035
82
1,322
304
1,168
227
985
78
305
233
85
177
70
55
173
3,166
77
1,395
239
1,229
224
1,069
86
315
258
89
202
73
60
169
3,209
73
1,405
249
1,261
220
1,127
93
346
268
93
212
77
62
183
3,197
76
1,412
245
1,231
233
1,141
103
343
275
92
219
81
63
188
3,266
79
1,434
271
1,231
250
1,114
93
304
314
68
214
83
65
164
Writers, artists, and entertainers...............................................
Athletes and kindred workers............................................
Designers.............................................................................
Editors and reporters.........................................................
Musicians and composers.................................................
Painters and sculptors.......................................................
1,070
108
128
179
141
148
1,117
98
145
185
152
155
1,162
108
150
187
156
180
1,217
104
165
186
151
189
1,270
109
184
204
148
193
1,313
117
198
197
146
199
1,388
135
218
205
145
211
1,399
136
221
204
149
208
See footnote at end of table.
49
Table 17. Employed civilians by detailed occupation, 1975-82—Continued
[In thousands]
Total employed
Occupation
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
White-collar workers—Continued
Writers, artists, and entertainers—Continued
Photographers.....................................................................
Public relations specialists and publicity writers...............
Research workers, not specified...............................................
All other professional and technical workers..........................
77
116
98
61
88
116
99
65
82
121
115
60
95
133
126
56
109
132
164
66
113
128
180
62
101
123
193
55
96
134
191
53
Managers and administrators, except farm.....................................
Bank officials and financial managers......................................
Buyers and purchasing agents..................................................
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade....................................
Credit and collection managers.................................................
Health administrators.................................................................
Inspectors, except construction and public administration.....
Managers and superintendents, building.................................
Office managers, n.e.c..............................................................
Officials and administrators; public administration, n.e.c........
Officials of lodges, societies, and unions.................................
Restaurant, cafeteria, and bar m anagers................................
Sales managers and department heads, retail trade..............
Sales managers, except retail trade.........................................
School administrators, college..................................................
School administrators, elementary and secondary..................
All other managers and administrators....................................
9,006
526
374
148
58
154
113
150
307
365
103
511
320
309
104
264
5,350
9,452
556
381
159
54
164
115
151
333
371
127
505
327
309
116
283
5,647
9,821
554
378
165
55
177
104
153
350
406
119
562
351
326
127
266
5,891
10,286
586
376
173
51
186
98
159
378
426
122
605
350
336
110
277
6,225
10,719
634
458
204
57
188
106
155
425
420
114
650
347
353
118
301
6,393
11,138
659
460
194
69
213
111
157
462
433
108
692
362
359
135
300
6,621
11,540
696
476
195
68
219
110
161
504
476
117
727
346
374
139
291
6,836
11,493
731
474
195
64
228
107
183
507
430
126
768
353
372
130
293
6,727
Sales workers.....................................................................................
Advertising agents and sales workers......................................
Demonstrators............................................................................
Hucksters and peddlers............................................................
Insurance agents, brokers, and underwriters..........................
Newspaper carriers and vendors..............................................
Real estate agents and brokers................................................
Stock and bond sales agents....................................................
Sales workers and sales clerks, n.e.c......................................
Sales representatives, manufacturing industries..............
Sales representatives, wholesale trade............................
Sales clerks, retail trade.....................................................
Sales workers, except clerks, retail trade........................
Sales workers, services and construction........................
5,528
79
93
181
510
82
422
106
4,050
369
771
2,333
448
128
5,578
89
93
178
496
99
461
93
4,065
351
820
2,308
453
132
5,823
82
93
200
508
111
513
98
4,207
340
864
2,352
494
157
6,059
98
97
205
557
95
568
111
4,323
391
856
2,379
522
172
6,284
97
89
196
544
98
630
125
4,495
403
922
2,408
559
201
6,303
112
92
181
543
112
598
137
4,520
434
935
2,393
530
226
6,425
128
106
170
595
113
562
159
4,585
416
971
2,431
525
241
6,580
130
116
197
645
116
534
197
4,639
383
1,020
2,447
522
268
Clerical workers..................................................................................
Bank tellers.................................................................................
Billing clerks................................................................................
Bookkeepers...............................................................................
Cashiers.......................................................................................
Clerical supervisors, n.e.c.........................................................
Collectors, bill and account......................................................
Counter clerks, except food......................................................
Dispatchers and starters, vehicle..............................................
Enumerators and interviewers...................................................
Estimators and investigators, n.e.c...........................................
15,321
356
145
1,709
1,200
228
73
331
93
44
389
15,788
378
140
1,712
1,280
239
66
359
89
49
423
16,372
416
157
1,754
1,354
229
73
349
99
55
459
17,207
458
170
1,861
1,434
207
80
383
99
54
460
17,953
503
164
1,945
1,512
241
77
369
109
61
506
18,473
542
165
1,942
1,592
245
81
358
105
87
545
18,564
569
153
1,961
1,660
250
93
360
115
58
540
18,446
561
154
1,968
1,683
270
87
373
110
53
570
Expediters and production controllers......................................
File clerks....................................................................................
Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators..................
Library attendants and assistants.............................................
Mail carriers, post office............................................................
Mail handlers, except post office..............................................
Messengers and office helpers.................................................
Office machine operators..........................................................
Bookkeeping and billing machine operators....................
Computer and peripheral equipment operators................
Keypunch operators...........................................................
Payroll and timekeeping clerks..................................................
Postal clerks...............................................................................
214
268
153
146
254
145
78
725
60
302
253
202
293
210
274
159
143
244
140
83
739
49
295
279
211
291
219
280
172
144
244
149
95
774
53
311
284
231
271
228
279
173
174
258
164
89
844
47
403
277
245
272
244
312
178
168
256
170
95
923
59
465
279
241
264
238
332
179
155
247
168
98
959
52
535
271
237
291
254
315
191
152
242
175
97
966
49
564
248
231
269
257
278
200
150
264
182
115
1,107
42
588
364
224
271
Receptionists..............................................................................
Secretaries..................................................................................
Secretaries, legal................................................................
Secretaries, medical...........................................................
Secretaries, n.e.c................................................................
Shipping and receiving clerks...................................................
Statistical clerks........................................................................
Stenographers...........................................................................
468
3,281
136
79
3,067
433
331
101
511
3,428
143
87
3,196
446
342
101
542
3,470
157
91
3,221
474
363
84
600
3,646
166
85
3,396
469
384
96
614
3,792
158
87
3,548
493
408
78
644
3,944
191
86
3,666
515
396
66
675
3,917
184
83
3,650
525
370
74
672
3,847
175
85
3,587
499
365
66
See footnote at end of table.
50
Table 17. Employed civilians by detailed occupation, 1975-82—Continued
[In thousands]
Total employed
Occupation
1975
White collar workers—Continued
Clerical workers—Continued
Stock clerks and storekeepers..................................................
Teacher aides, except school monitors...................................
Telephone operators.................................................................
Ticket, station, and express agents..........................................
Typists.........................................................................................
All other clerical workers............................................................
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
479
292
348
138
1,035
1,375
499
325
343
126
995
1,444
505
326
347
132
1,020
1,587
516
348
317
131
1,060
1,705
539
357
333
148
1,038
1,818
544
391
323
144
1,043
1,899
528
381
308
148
1,031
1,956
497
373
283
154
942
1,871
Blue-collar workers....................................................................................
Craft and kindred workers................................................................
Carpenters...................................................................................
Brickmasons and stonemasons................................................
Cement and concrete finishers.................................................
Electricians..................................................................................
Excavating, grading, and road machinery operators...............
Painters, construction and maintenance..................................
Plumbers and pipefitters............................................................
Structural metal craft workers...................................................
Roofers and slaters...................................................................
Blue-collar worker supervisors, n.e.c........................................
Machinists and job setters.........................................................
Job and die setters, metal..................................................
Machinists............................................................................
Metal craft workers, excluding mechanics, machinists, and
job setters...............................................................................
Millwrights............................................................................
Molders, metal....................................................................
Sheet-metal workers and tinsmiths...................................
Tool-and-diemakers.............................................................
28,303
11,107
988
161
83
543
402
425
391
76
82
1,406
563
97
466
29,364
11,439
1,040
178
72
582
423
419
406
72
91
1,459
577
93
484
30,683
12,068
1,193
178
73
600
412
468
436
69
103
1,572
584
98
485
32,068
12,599
1,278
206
84
604
432
492
436
80
117
1,692
600
99
501
32,669
13,119
1,304
207
83
655
452
492
459
88
152
1,762
652
91
561
31,452
12,787
1,215
170
72
665
465
479
488
76
143
1,754
669
92
577
31,261
12,662
1,122
152
64
684
422
471
472
82
139
1,816
668
94
574
29,597
12,272
1,082
145
55
628
399
473
482
81
133
1,688
589
74
515
597
79
52
146
173
633
96
55
147
187
657
97
53
157
192
627
95
54
156
181
654
112
57
162
183
644
108
55
165
175
626
102
52
157
175
579
89
42
146
162
Mechanics, automobiles.............................................................
Automobile body repairers.................................................
Automobile mechanics........................................................
Mechanics, except automobiles................................................
Air-conditioning, heating, and refrigeration mechanics....
Aircraft mechanics..............................................................
Data processing machine repairers..................................
Farm implement mechanics...............................................
Heavy equipment mechanics, including diesel.................
Household appliance and accessory installers and me
chanics.............................................................................
Office machine repairers....................................................
Radio and television repairers...........................................
Railroad and carshop mechanics......................................
1,118
167
951
1,820
174
122
59
60
767
1,143
177
966
1,883
181
112
52
67
846
1,184
183
981
2,054
198
121
52
67
925
1,235
188
1,047
2,165
214
135
65
62
967
1,301
197
1,106
2,222
229
128
94
66
973
1,228
184
1,039
2,171
212
125
86
57
983
1,249
204
1,045
2,159
212
123
100
46
1,007
1,236
197
1,039
2,122
217
130
84
56
946
142
59
125
54
145
59
115
52
150
70
135
54
147
65
133
50
158
71
133
58
143
82
122
61
132
75
109
60
150
78
111
45
Printing craft workers.................................................................
Compositors and typesetters.............................................
Printing press operators.....................................................
Bakers..........................................................................................
Cabinetmakers............................................................................
Carpet installers.........................................................................
Crane, derrick, and hoist operators..........................................
Decorators and window dressers..............................................
Electric powerline and cable installers and repairers..............
Inspectors, n.e.c..........................................................................
Locomotive engineers...............................................................
Stationary engineers..................................................................
Tailors..........................................................................................
Telephone installers and repairers...........................................
Telephone line installers and repairers....................................
Upholsterers................................................................................
All other craft workers...............................................................
378
156
147
125
78
62
170
97
117
135
57
192
52
318
61
64
533
384
154
150
139
79
71
168
111
111
152
48
196
54
287
66
71
523
393
168
154
108
86
73
170
126
108
153
48
186
44
285
69
71
563
422
183
171
130
80
70
158
127
113
141
55
182
46
303
79
61
587
460
189
194
143
78
80
166
132
116
139
56
196
36
309
84
58
585
415
177
171
136
83
79
150
117
119
150
55
186
27
317
73
69
575
402
174
166
135
75
85
143
126
117
143
47
182
22
326
79
72
582
454
192
183
157
80
85
120
123
110
136
37
193
23
304
104
61
593
Operatives, except transport............................................................
Assemblers.................................................................................
Bottling and canning operatives................................................
Checkers, examiners, and inspectors; manufacturing............
Clothing ironers and pressers....................................................
Cutting operatives, n.e.c............................................................
Dressmakers, except factory.....................................................
Drillers, earth..............................................................................
Dry wall installers and lathers...................................................
Filers, polishers, sanders, and buffers.....................................
9,751
1,026
42
659
143
203
123
51
61
115
10,221
1,101
50
663
137
240
127
55
66
117
10,512
1,152
55
694
134
256
121
63
79
121
11,055
1,182
58
747
128
267
118
53
107
131
11,111
1,309
47
759
119
268
112
53
114
137
10,565
1,178
51
750
117
272
110
57
94
117
10,540
1,167
54
800
118
276
117
61
82
116
9,429
1,087
43
729
118
209
112
53
87
113
See footnote at end of table.
51
Table 17. Employed civilians by detailed occupation, 1975-82—Continued
[In thousands]
Total employed
Occupation
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
Blue-collar workers—Continued
Operatives, except transport—Continued
Furnace tenders, smelters, and pourers; metal......................
Garage workers and gas station attendants...........................
Laundry and dry cleaning operatives, n.e.c.............................
Meatcutters and butchers, except manufacturing...................
Meatcutters and butchers, manufacturing................................
Mine operatives, n.e.c................................................................
Mixing operatives.......................................................................
Packers and wrappers, excluding meat and produce.............
Painters, manufactured articles.................................................
Photographic process workers..................................................
Precision machine operatives....................................................
Drill press operatives..........................................................
Grinding machine operatives.............................................
Lathe and milling machine operatives..............................
Punch and stamping press operatives.....................................
Sawyers.......................................................................................
Sewers and stitchers.................................................................
Shoemaking machine operatives..............................................
Furnance tenders and stokers, except metal..........................
Textile operatives.......................................................................
Spinners, twisters, and winders.........................................
Welders and flame cutters.........................................................
Winding operatives, n.e.c...........................................................
All other operatives, except transport......................................
62
455
195
210
101
188
92
597
131
79
362
62
132
119
131
110
817
68
73
308
114
664
61
2,631
73
453
169
218
88
193
88
597
139
76
355
66
133
107
156
131
828
74
74
384
154
671
58
2,841
76
433
169
191
89
207
89
617
155
84
375
63
126
122
153
132
839
78
73
397
171
652
59
2,970
61
423
178
208
116
185
86
683
185
98
389
65
129
126
157
140
836
79
72
383
154
694
69
3,222
62
377
190
224
91
194
81
635
189
91
409
68
143
124
159
138
834
76
69
350
137
730
67
3,232
62
346
208
186
99
225
90
610
185
90
379
62
134
115
128
109
814
72
69
334
123
711
53
3,051
62
349
194
178
98
270
78
589
166
87
352
57
134
102
107
124
807
74
79
300
102
728
56
3,051
51
320
188
183
93
222
78
582
139
89
275
41
102
83
96
112
735
72
67
270
97
602
50
2,654
Transport equipment operatives.......................................................
Busdrivers...................................................................................
Delivery and route workers........................................................
Forklift and tow motor operatives.............................................
Railroad switch operators..........................................................
Taxicab drivers and chauffeurs.................................................
Truckdrivers..........................................................
All other transport equipment operatives.................................
3,252
313
590
317
54
163
1,712
105
3,310
335
530
360
53
166
1,762
106
3,522
343
526
395
52
169
1,923
115
3,593
341
590
368
53
174
1,951
116
3,671
363
593
391
47
167
1,997
114
3,531
361
598
372
46
165
1,878
112
3,476
360
563
369
39
164
1878
103
3,377
354
574
326
31
152
1,841
99
Nonfarm laborers........................................................................
Animal caretakers.............................................................
Construction laborers including carpenters’ helpers...............
Freight and material handlers....................................................
Garbage collectors.....................................................................
Gardeners and grounds keepers, except farm.......................
Timber cutting and logging workers..........................................
Stockhandlers............................................................
Vehicle washers and equipment cleaners...............................
Warehouse laborers, n.e.c.........................................................
All other nonfarm laborers........................................................
4,192
102
776
730
89
588
80
827
164
208
628
4,394
94
803
758
79
626
97
843
189
228
677
4,581
91
885
796
75
610
99
873
195
241
716
4,821
85
971
812
81
628
92
934
203
268
746
4,768
99
950
796
68
631
98
941
192
265
729
4,567
98
872
740
72
619
98
964
163
280
662
4,583
95
825
753
75
666
101
992
170
277
629
4,518
101
786
696
73
722
91
972
183
278
616
Service workers............................................................
Private households............................................................................
Child care workers.....................................................................
Cleaners and servants...............................................................
Housekeepers.............................................................................
11,798
1,183
439
605
89
12,174
1,139
434
560
111
12,588
1,174
449
582
108
13,062
1,180
492
539
120
13,084
1,109
481
495
97
13,228
1,063
439
502
92
13,438
1,047
451
468
101
13,736
1,042
469
439
110
Service workers, except private households...................................
Cleaning workers........................................................................
Lodging quarters cleaners..................................................
Building interior cleaners, n.e.c..........................................
Janitors and sextons..........................................................
Food service workers................................................................
Bartenders...........................................................................
Waiters’ assistants.............................................................
Cooks...................................................................................
Dishwashers........................................................................
Food counter and fountain workers..................................
Waiters.................................................................................
Food service workers, n.e.c...............................................
10,617
2,233
194
760
1,280
3,695
250
168
1,018
226
376
1,201
457
11,035
2,312
184
797
1,331
3,984
265
195
1,085
255
425
1,280
478
11,414
2,395
182
842
1,372
4,171
276
197
1,129
262
459
1,335
513
11,882
2,467
183
877
1,407
4,369
287
221
1,213
246
469
1,411
523
11,976
2,491
183
916
1,394
4,396
301
191
1,281
247
450
1,395
529
12,165
2,499
169
951
1,380
4,540
305
211
1,363
241
433
1,450
536
12,391
2,489
180
955
1,354
4,682
315
224
1,393
256
467
1,477
549
12,694
2,515
184
926
1,406
4,760
342
231
1,396
272
463
1,496
560
Health service workers..............................................................
Dental assistants................................................................
Health aides, excluding nursing.........................................
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants..........................
Practical nurses..................................................................
1,734
128
222
1,009
374
1,764
124
243
1,011
386
1,770
126
249
1,019
377
1,872
133
280
1,049
408
1,847
138
286
1,038
383
1,929
142
295
1,108
383
1,995
143
317
1,131
403
2,022
151
333
1,136
400
See footnote at end of table.
52
Table 17. Employed civilians by detailed occupation, 1975-82—Continued
[In thousands]
Total employed
uccupaxion
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
Service workers—Continued
Service workers, except private households—Continued
Personal service workers..........................................................
Attendants...........................................................................
Barbers................................................................................
Child care workers.............................................................
Hairdressers and cosmetologists......................................
Housekeepers, excluding private household...................
Welfare service aides.........................................................
Protective service workers........................................................
Firefighters...........................................................................
Guards.................................................................................
Police and detectives.........................................................
Sheriffs and bailiffs.............................................................
1,648
283
125
427
511
107
63
1305
223
499
478
52
1,655
295
125
386
542
123
60
1320
214
506
492
58
1,733
303
119
448
535
129
78
1345
228
500
504
61
1,792
315
122
432
552
137
98
1382
224
559
482
62
1,808
296
110
449
587
142
105
1433
240
582
492
70
1,772
310
109
441
578
136
89
1425
231
562
521
63
1,766
323
107
426
577
136
88
1459
214
607
512
71
1,850
335
100
472
573
182
90
1,546
218
685
505
77
Farm workers.............................................................................................
Farmers and farm managers............................................................
Farmers (owners and tenants)..................................................
Farm laborers and supervisors.........................................................
Farm laborers, wage workers...................................................
Farm laborers, unpaid family workers......................................
2,955
1,597
1,564
1,358
949
367
2,845
1,519
1,493
1,327
959
326
2,783
1,465
1,432
1,317
956
323
2,829
1,487
1,451
1,341
995
299
2,737
1,454
1,411
1,283
955
286
2,741
1,493
1,454
1,247
922
284
2,749
1,485
1,447
1,264
969
254
2,723
1,452
1,415
1,271
987
244
N o t e : N.E.C. is an abbreviation for “not elsewhere classified” and desig
nates broad categories of occupations which connot be more specifically
identified.
53
Table 18. Employed civilians by industry and occupation, 1976-82
[Percent distribution]
Year and industry
16
years
and
over
Profes
sional
and
techni
cal
workers
Manag
ers and
adminis
trators,
except
farm
Sales
work
ers
Cleri
cal
work
ers
Craft
and
kin
dred
work
ers
Opera
tives,
except
trans
port
Trans
port
equip
ment
opera
tives
Non
farm
labor
ers
Private
house
hold
work
ers
Service
work
ers,
except
private
house
holds
Farm
work
ers
1976
Agriculture..................................................
Mining.........................................................
Construction...............................................
Manufacturing............................................
Durable goods....................................
Nondurable goods.............................
Transportation and public utilities............
Wholesale and retail trade.......................
Wholesale trade.................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real e sta te ........
Private households....................................
Services, except private households.......
Educational services.........................
All other services...............................
Public administration.................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.9
12.2
3.4
10.0
11.0
8.6
8.1
2.0
3.6
1.6
5.4
.7
38.3
56.6
29.7
18.4
0.9
8.3
11.9
6.7
6.5
7.1
9.3
19.2
20.0
19.0
19.8
.1
7.3
6.6
7.7
12.4
0.2
.4
.3
2.2
1.3
3.5
.7
21.2
23.2
20.7
21.5
—
.6
.1
.8
.1
2.1
9.5
7.3
12.1
11.4
13.0
22.9
17.0
21.3
16.0
44.3
.9
18.5
17.7
18.9
36.7
1.3
29.1
55.2
19.4
21.7
15.9
22.4
7.7
8.6
7.5
2.0
.4
5.3
1.9
6.9
5.9
0.3
31.0
4.0
38.6
37.6
40.0
2.7
5.8
5.3
5.9
.1
.1
2.8
.4
3.9
.9
1.1
6.1
3.3
3.8
3.1
4.8
23.4
3.9
9.9
2.4
.2
.2
.8
.3
1.0
1.0
6.5
2.3
14.2
5.2
5.4
5.0
7.6
6.1
7.3
5.9
1.5
11.6
1.6
.8
2.0
3.3
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—'
—
81.3
—
—
—
—
0.2
1.2
.4
2.1
2.0
2.2
2.9
17.1
.8
21.0
5.2
4.6
24.8
15.6
29.2
21.2
85.6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1977
Agriculture..................................................
Mining.........................................................
Construction...............................................
Manufacturing............................................
Durable goods....................................
Nondurable goods.............................
Transportation and public utilities............
Wholesale and retail trade.......................
Wholesale trade.................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real e state ........
Private households....................................
Services, except private households.......
Educational services.........................
All other services...............................
Public administration.................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.0
12.5
3.1
10.0
1.0
11.0
8.0
1.9
3.1
1.6
4.8
1.0
38.2
55.9
30.1
18.3
1.1
8.8
11.1
6.7
6.4
7.1
9.5
19.3
21.0
18.9
19.3
—
7.3
6.5
7.7
12.7
.2
.4
.3
2.1
1.2
3.4
.7
19.3
23.5
20.7
21.9
—
.6
.1
.9
.1
2.2
9.7
6.7
11.7
11.2
12.5
22.5
17.1
20.9
16.2
45.4
.9
18.6
17.9
19.0
36.0
1.4
27.4
55.9
19.8
22.2
16.2
21.6
7.7
8.6
7.5
2.1
.4
5.5
1.9
7.1
6.1
.5
32.3
4.3
38.7
37.6
40.3
2.8
5.2
4.6
5.3
.2
.1
2.7
.5
3.8
.9
.9
5.7
3.3
3.9
3.2
5.0
24.0
3.9
10.5
2.3
.2
.4
.8
.3
1.1
1.0
6.4
2.0
14.7
5.2
5.4
4.9
8.0
6.1
7.0
5.9
1.3
10.9
1.6
.8
2.0
3.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
82.4
—
—
.2
1.2
.6
1.9
1.8
2.1
2.9
17.5
.9
21.5
4.9
4.0
24.5
16.2
28.3
21.4
85.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1978
Agriculture..................................................
Mining.........................................................
C o n s tr u c tio n ...............................................
Manufacturing............................................
Durable goods....................................
Nondurable goods.............................
Transportation and public utilities............
Wholesale and retail trade.......................
Wholesale trade.................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real e sta te ........
Private households....................................
Services, except private households.......
Educational services.........................
All other services...............................
Public administration.................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.0
13.5
2.8
10.0
11.1
8.4
8.4
1.9
3.4
1.6
5.1
.9
37.8
55.0
30.5
19.1
1.0
9.0
11.8
7.0
6.8
7.2
9.3
19.1
21.0
18.6
19.3
—
7.3
6.3
.3
.8
.4
2.2
1.4
3.4
.7
20.8
22.9
20.3
22.4
—
12.7
.1
.9
—
2.3
11.2
6.7
11.7
11.2
12.3
22.4
17.3
20.4
16.6
45.0
.6
19.1
18.8
19.2
36.1
1.4
26.5
55.3
19.3
21.2
16.4
21.8
7.6
8.8
7.4
1.9
.4
5.5
2.1
7.0
6.2
.6
28.8
4.6
39.0
38.3
40.1
2.6
5.2
5.2
5.3
.1
.1
2.8
.5
3.9
1.0
1.4
6.0
3.2
3.7
3.1
4.7
23.7
3.8
10.1
2.3
.1
.4
.8
.2
1.0
1.1
7.1
3.0
14.8
5.1
5.1
5.2
8.0
6.2
7.3
5.9
1.3
10.2
1.6
.8
2.0
3.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
83.2
—
—
—
—
.2
1.0
.5
2.0
1.8
2.2
3.0
18.1
.9
22.0
4.7
4.1
24.3
16.2
27.8
20.9
83.7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1979
Agriculture..................................................
Mining.........................................................
Construction...............................................
Manufacturing............................................
Durable goods....................................
Nondurable goods.............................
Transportation and public utilities............
Wholesale and retail trade.......................
Wholesale trade.................................
Retail trade.........................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.2
14.8
3.0
10.7
12.0
8.8
8.9
2.0
3.9
1.6
1.0
7.9
11.7
7.1
6.8
7.5
9.8
19.1
20.3
18.8
.2
.6
.5
2.3
1.4
3.7
.9
20.9
23.7
20.2
2.5
11.4
7.0
12.0
11.5
12.6
22.6
17.5
20.5
16.8
1.7
26.7
55.5
19.6
21.3
17.0
21.5
7.8
9.0
7.6
.6
28.7
4.9
38.0
37.4
38.9
2.4
5.0
5.0
5.0
1.4
5.9
3.1
3.6
2.9
4.7
23.6
3.7
9.8
2.3
8.0
2.8
13.9
4.8
4.9
4.7
7.4
6.0
6.8
5.8
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
.3
1.3
.5
2.0
1.8
2.2
2.9
17.9
1.0
21.9
82.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
7.7
.7
54
—
—
Table 18. Employed civilians by industry and occupation, 1976-82—Continued
[Percent distribution]
16
years
and
over
Profes
sional
and
techni
cal
workers
Manag
ers and
adminis
trators,
except
farm
Sales
work
ers
Cleri
cal
work
ers
Craft
and
kin
dred
work
ers
Opera
tives,
except
trans
port
Trans
port
equip
ment
opera
tives
Non
farm
labor
ers
Private
house
hold
work
ers
Service
work
ers,
except
private
house
holds
Farm
work
ers
1979—Continued
Finance, insurance, and real e sta te ........
Private households....................................
Services, except private households.......
Educational services.........................
All other services...............................
Public administration.................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
5.5
.9
38.3
55.0
31.1
19.6
19.2
.1
7.6
6.8
7.9
12.8
22.1
—
.7
.1
.9
.1
45.1
.9
19.3
18.8
19.5
35.4
2.0
.5
5.4
2.2
6.9
5.8
.2
.2
2.8
.4
3.8
.8
.2
.4
.8
.2
1.0
1.0
1.3
9.8
1.6
.9
1.9
3.1
—
83.5
—
—
—
—
4.5
3.8
23.6
15.6
27.0
21.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
1980
Agriculture..................................................
Mining.........................................................
Construction...............................................
Manufacturing............................................
Durable goods....................................
Nondurable goods.............................
Transportation and public utilities............
Wholesale and retail trade.......................
Wholesale trade.................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real e sta te ........
Private households....................................
Services, except private households.......
Educational services.........................
All other services...............................
Public administration.................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.4
13.5
3.1
11.4
12.9
9.0
9.5
2.0
3.9
1.6
5.6
1.1
38.5
55.2
31.6
20.1
1.1
8.6
12.9
7.8
7.4
8.4
10.3
19.3
20.3
19.1
19.2
.1
7.7
6.9
8.1
12.8
.2
.5
.5
2.5
1.6
4.0
1.1
20.6
23.6
19.9
21.3
—
.7
.1
.5
.1
2.4
12.6
7.5
12.5
12.2
12.8
23.3
17.8
20.7
17.1
46.0
.8
19.2
18.9
19.4
36.1
1.8
25.4
54.8
19.5
21.5
16.4
21.2
7.5
9.1
7.1
1.9
.5
5.5
2.0
6.9
5.3
.5
30.3
4.6
36.5
35.4
38.3
2.5
4.7
4.9
4.6
.2
.2
2.7
.4
3.7
1.0
1.2
5.0
3.1
3.5
2.7
4.6
22.5
3.7
9.8
2.2
.2
.3
.8
.4
1.0
.9
8.2
2.8
13.1
4.5
4.5
4.4
7.1
6.1
6.8
5.9
1.1
9.0
1.5
.9
1.8
3.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
84.7
—
—
—
—
.4
1.1
.5
1.9
1.8
2.1
2.6
18.3
.9
22.5
4.4
3.3
23.4
15.0
27.0
20.7
81.7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1981
Agriculture.................................................
Mining........................................................
Construction...............................................
Manufacturing............................................
Durable goods....................................
Nondurable goods.............................
Transportation and public utilities............
Wholesale and retail trade.......................
Wholesale trade.................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real e state ........
Private households....................................
Services, except private households.......
Educational services.........................
All other services...............................
Public administration.................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.6
14.4
3.5
11.7
13.5
8.9
9.5
2.2
4.2
1.7
6.2
1.3
38.6
55.9
31.7
20.1
1.1
9.6
13.2
7.8
7.5
8.3
10.8
19.5
21.0
19.2
19.4
.3
.6
.6
2.5
1.5
4.1
1.3
20.6
23.9
19.8
21.5
.7
.1
.9
.1
1.8
23.3
54.1
19.4
21.5
16.2
21.0
7.0
8.5
6.6
1.6
.8
5.7
2.2
7.2
5.4
.4
31.9
4.4
36.4
35.0
38.6
2.6
4.5
5.0
4.4
.2
.3
2.8
.5
3.7
.9
.8
5.1
2.7
3.5
2.7
4.6
22.0
3.6
9.3
2.2
.1
.2
.7
.3
.9
1.0
8.4
2.3
13.2
4.5
4.4
4.7
6.7
6.1
7.0
5.9
1.1
11.4
1.5
.9
1.8
2.8
—
—
—
.5
1.1
.5
1.9
1.8
2.0
2.8
18.8
1.0
23.1
4.0
3.0
23.0
14.8
26.3
21.1
81.6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
8.0
7.0
8.4
13.8
2.5
11.8
7.9
12.4
12.2
12.6
23.3
17.8
19.9
17.2
45.8
.9
18.9
18.4
19.1
34.8
1982
Agriculture..................................................
Mining........................................................
Construction...............................................
Manufacturing............................................
Durable goods....................................
Nondurable goods.............................
Transportation and public utilities............
Wholesale and retail trade.......................
Wholesale trade.................................
Retail trade.........................................
Finance, insurance, and real e sta te ........
Private households....................................
Services, except private households.......
Educational services.........................
All other services...............................
Public administration.................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.6
17.2
3.5
12.9
15.0
10.0
10.4
2.3
4.3
1.9
6.7
.9
38.8
56.2
32.0
19.6
1.1
11.7
12.9
8.3
8.2
8.3
11.0
19.3
21.4
18.8
19.6
—
7.9
6.7
8.4
12.8
.3
.6
.6
2.5
1.5
4.0
1.4
20.8
24.5
19.9
22.0
—
.8
.1
1.1
.1
2.4
12.5
7.8
12.8
12.6
12.9
22.3
17.7
20.5
17.1
43.9
1.0
18.8
18.3
19.0
35.0
2.0
22.7
55.0
19.3
21.0
16.7
21.0
7.0
8.5
6.7
2.1
.5
5.6
2.2
7.0
5.6
.4
28.1
4.3
34.6
33.1
36.7
2.2
4.2
4.7
4.1
.1
.3
2.7
.4
3.5
1.1
1.1
4.3
2.8
3.4
2.6
4.5
21.9
3.5
9.0
2.2
.2
.5
.7
.2
.9
1.0
9.7
1.8
12.5
4.3
4.2
4.6
6.9
6.1
6.5
6.0
1.4
11.6
1.6
.9
1.9
2.8
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
82.0
—
—
—
—
.4
1.3
.6
2.0
1.8
2.2
3.0
18.9
.8
23.4
4.1
3.2
23.0
14.9
26.1
21.9
80.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Year and industry
55
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—•
—
82.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
Table 19. Nonagricultural workers on full-time or voluntary part-time schedules by selected
characteristics, 1969-82
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
On full-time schedules1
Total:
Number...................................................... 59,181 59,141 59 393 61 665 64 065 64 746
Percent...................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
72 245
100.0
6 3 1 4 5 6 5 7 6 7 6 8 3 9 8 71 8 3 5 7 4 0 9 7 7 3 5 9 0 7 4 3 3 9
SEX AND AGE
Men...................................................................
16 to 17 years..........................................
18 to 24 years..........................................
25 to 44 years..........................................
45 to 64 years..........................................
65 years and over....................................
66.8
.6
8.7
31.7
24.2
1.7
66.8
.5
8.8
31.6
24.2
1.6
67.0
.5
9.3
31.5
24.1
1.5
66.7
.5
9.9
31.6
23.3
1.4
66.4
.6
10.6
31.4
22.5
1.2
65.8
.6
10.5
31.4
22.1
1.2
65.2
.5
9.9
31.7
22.0
1.2
64.8
.5
10.1
31.7
21.4
1.1
64.3
.5
10.2
31.7
20.8
1.0
63.6
.5
10.4
31.6
20.0
1.0
63.1
.5
10.3
31.7
19.4
1.0
62.2
.4
9.7
32.0
19.1
1.0
61.9
.4
9.4
32.8
18.4
1.0
61.4
.2
8.7
33.1
18.3
1.0
Women.............................................................
16 to 17 years..........................................
18 to 24 years..........................................
25 to 44 years..........................................
45 to 64 years..........................................
65 years and over....................................
33.2
.3
7.4
12.6
12.1
.8
33.2
.3
7.4
12.7
12.1
.8
33.0
.3
7.3
12.6
12.1
12.7
33.3
.3
7.5
13.1
11.7
.7
33.6
.3
7.7
13.6
11.2
.7
34.2
.4
7.9
14.2
11.1
.6
34.8
.3
7.8
15.0
11.1
.6
35.2
.3
7.8
15.7
10.9
.6
35.7
.3
7.9
16.3
10.7
.5
36.4
.3
8.0
17.1
10.5
.5
36.9
.3
8.0
17.7
10.4
.5
37.8
.3
7.9
18.7
10.5
.5
38.1
.2
7.6
19.4
10.3
.5
38.6
.2
7.2
20.3
10.4
.6
White................................................................
Men............................................................
Women......................................................
89.5
60.4
29.1
89.5
60.4
29.1
89.5
60.6
28.9
89.5
60.4
29.2
89.2
59.9
29.3
89.2
59.5
29.7
89.4
59.1
30.3
89.1
58.6
30.5
89.0
58.1
30.9
88.7
57.3
31.4
88.6
56.7
31.9
88.6
56.0
32.6
88.1
55.4
32.7
88.0
54.9
33.1
Black.................................................................
Men............................................................
Women......................................................
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
9.4
5.7
3.7
9.6
5.7
3.9
9.4
5.5
3.9
9.1
5.3
3.8
9.3
5.2
4.0
9.4
5.3
4.1
9.5
5.3
4.2
9.6
5.3
4.3
9.3
5.1
4.3
9.5
5.1
4.4
9.4
5.0
4.4
Men:
Single.........................................................
Married, spouse present.........................
Widowed, divorced, or separated...........
8.6
54.8
3.4
8.7
54.6
3.4
8.9
54.6
3.5
9.4
53.6
3.7
10.1
52.5
3.8
10.2
51.5
4.1
10.0 • 10.5
51.1
49.9
4.1
4.3
11.2
48.5
4.6
11.9
46.8
4.9
12.1
46.0
4.9
12.0
45.0
5.2
12.2
44.3
5.5
11.9
44.1
5.4
Women:
Single.........................................................
Married, spouse present.........................
Widowed, divorced, or separated...........
7.3
19.1
6.8
7.2
19.3
6.8
7.0
19.2
6.8
7.2
19.3
6.9
7.3
19.6
6.8
7.4
19.8
7.0
7.6
20.1
7.1
7.9
20.1
7.2
8.2
20.1
7.4
8.6
20.2
7.7
8.9
20.3
7.8
9.0
20.7
8.1
9.0
20.6
8.4
9.2
20.9
8.6
92.6
6.0
31.6
19.2
12.4
7.4
14.9
25.2
7.5
7.4
92 8
5.9
30.5
18 3
12.2
7.4
15.4
26.1
7.6
7.2
92 7
6.2
28.7
17 1
11.6
7.3
16.3
26.9
7.2
7.3
93 0
93 1
93 1
93 1
93 3
93 1
93 1
93 0
93.0
93 1
93.0
6.3
28.4
16 8
11.6
7.3
16.3
27.4
7.2
7.0
6.3
28.9
17 5
11.4
7.1
16.1
27.4
7.1
6.9
6.0
28.3
17 3
11.0
7.3
16.3
28.0
7.3
6.9
5.5
26.5
16 0
10.5
7.3
16.7
29.3
7.8
5.5
26.9
16 4
10.5
7.1
16.6
29.5
7.6
6.7
5.7
26.7
16 1
10.5
7.1
16.7
29.5
7.4
6.9
5.9
26.6
16.2
10.4
7.1
16.4
29.7
7.3
6.9
6.0
26.6
5.7
25.9
15 9
10.0
7.2
16.1
30.6
7.5
7.0
5.5
25.6
15 8
9.8
7.2
16.2
31.1
7.5
6.9
5.2
23.8
14 4
9.4
7.2
16.7
32.4
7.6
7.0
RACE A ND SEX
SEX A N D M A R IT A L STATUS
IN D U STR Y
Wage and salary workers...............................
Construction..............................................
Manufacturing...........................................
Durable goods...................................
Nondurable goods............................
Transportation and public utilities...........
Wholesale and retail trade......................
Finance and services...............................
Other industries 3 .....................................
Self-employed and unpaid family workers.....
See footnotes at end of table.
56
6.9
16 5
10.1
7.2
16.2
29.8
7.2
7.0
Table 19. Nonagricultural workers on full-time or voluntary part-time schedules by selected
characteristics, 1969-82—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
t982
On voluntary part time4
Total:
Number......................................................
Percent......................................................
9,027
100.0
9,392
100.0
9,529
100.0
9,985 10,381 10,582 10,694 11,077 11,596 12,113 12,406 12,555 12,539 12,455
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Men...................................................................
16 to 17 years..........................................
18 to 24 years..........................................
25 to 44 years..........................................
45 to 64 years..........................................
65 years and over....................................
32.8
9.5
11.3
3.0
3.3
5.7
32.2
9.2
11.0
3.0
3.3
5.8
32.3
9.1
11.2
3.2
3.3
5.5
32.5
8.9
11.5
3.3
3.5
5.4
31.6
8.9
10.6
3.4
3.5
5.2
31.4
8.9
10.1
3.4
3.6
5.4
31.3
8.7
10.3
3.5
3.5
5.3
30.9
8.4
10.9
3.4
3.4
4.8
31.3
8.6
10.8
3.7
3.3
5.0
30.7
8.5
10.2
3.7
3.2
5.2
30.2
8.4
9.8
3.7
3.2
5.2
30.5
8.0
10.2
3.8
3.4
5.0
29.7
7.2
10.4
3.9
3.2
5.0
29.3
6.4
10.7
4.2
3.3
4.8
Women.............................................................
16 to 17 years..........................................
18 to 24 years..........................................
25 to 44 years..........................................
45 to 64 years..........................................
65 years and over....................................
67.2
8.0
11.6
23.4
19.6
4.7
67.8
8.2
12.2
23.9
19.1
4.4
67.7
8.2
12.6
23.5
18.8
4.6
67.5
8.3
13.1
23.6
18.2
4.4
68.4
8.8
13.3
23.9
18.2
4.3
68.6
8.8
13.3
24.4
17.9
4.2
68.7
8.7
13.6
24.4
17.8
4.2
69.1
8.6
14.0
24.9
17.2
4.4
68.7
8.4
14.0
25.3
16.5
4.4
69.3
8.7
14.1
25.5
16.5
4.4
69.8
8.6
14.2
25.9
16.6
4.4
69.5
8.1
14.3
26.7
16.0
4.4
70.3
7.7
14.6
27.3
16.4
4.4
70.7
7.0
15.0
28.1
16.3
4.4
White................................................................
Men...........................................................
Women......................................................
90.0
30.0
60.1
90.4
29.4
61.1
90.9
29.7
61.2
90.7
29.7
61.0
90.8
28.8
62.1
90.7
28.3
62.3
90.7
28.2
62.4
91.4
28.1
63.3
91.3
28.4
62.9
91.0
27.8
63.2
91.1
27.2
63.9
91.2
27.5
63.6
91.3
26.8
64.5
91.7
26.6
65.1
Black.................................................................
Men...........................................................
Women......................................................
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
8.3
2.4
5.9
8.0
2.3
5.7
8.0
2.4
5.5
7.8
2.4
5.4
7.1
2.2
4.9
7.1
2.3
4.8
7.4
2.4
5.0
7.2
2.3
4.9
7.1
2.4
4.8
6.7
2.2
4.5
6.2
2.0
4.3
Men:
Single........................................................
Married, spouse present.........................
Widowed, divorced, or separated...........
20.6
10.5
1.6
20.0
10.6
1.5
20.1
10.7
1.6
20.4
10.4
1.7
19.7
10.3
1.6
19.5
10.3
1.6
19.5
10.1
1.7
19.8
9.5
1.6
20.0
9.8
1.6
19.7
9.5
1.6
19.3
9.4
1.6
19.4
9.5
1.6
18.8
9.3
1.7
18.6
9.1
1.7
Women:
Single.........................................................
Married, spouse present.........................
Widowed, divorced, or separated...........
17.5
40.5
9.3
18.0
41.5
8.6
18.2
40.8
8.7
18.7
40.2
8.6
19.2
40.4
8.8
19.5
40.4
8.7
19.8
40.5
8.5
20.4
40.4
8.4
20.3
40.0
8.4
20.8
40.0
8.5
20.9
40.7
8.2
20.7
40.4
8.3
20.6
41.3
8.4
20.7
41.9
8.2
Wage and salary workers...............................
Construction..............................................
Manufacturing...........................................
Durable goods...................................
Nondurable goods............................
Transportation and public utilities...........
Wholesale and retail trade......................
Finance and service................................
Other industries3......................................
90.2
1.8
6.4
2.5
3.9
3.1
31.0
45.2
2.6
90.3
1.7
5.9
2.4
3.5
3.0
31.4
45.7
2.6
90.0
1.7
5.4
2.0
3.4
2.9
32.0
45.6
2.4
90.2
1.8
5.5
2.2
3.4
2.9
32.6
45.0
2.5
90.4
1.9
5.9
2.5
3.5
3.1
33.0
44.1
2.3
90.4
1.8
5.9
2.5
3.4
3.0
33.5
43.7
2.5
90.2
1.6
5.0
1.9
3.1
2.8
33.4
45.0
2.4
90.4
1.6
5.2
2.0
3.1
2.7
33.7
44.8
2.4
90.3
1.8
5.3
2.2
3.2
2.8
33.6
44.5
2.3
90.5
1.9
5.4
2.2
3.2
3.0
34.1
44.0
2.1
90.2
2.0
5.5
2.3
3.2
3.0
33.9
43.6
2.2
90.0
1.8
5.2
2.1
3.1
2.8
34.0
43.7
2.4
89.9
1.6
5.0
2.1
2.9
3.0
34.5
43.6
2.3
89.3
1.5
4.7
1.9
2.9
2.8
33.2
44.7
2.4
Self-employed and unpaid family workers.....
9.8
9.7
10.0
9.8
9.6
9.6
9.8
9.6
9.7
9.5
9.8
10.0
10.1
10.7
SEX A ND AGE
RACE A N D SEX
SEX A ND M A R ITA L STATUS
INDUSTRY
1 Includes persons who worked 35 hours or more during the survey week
and those who usually work full time but worked part time because of ill
ness, bad weather, holidays, personal business, or other temporary non
economic reasons.
2Not available.
5 Includes mining and public administration.
4 Includes persons who wanted only part-time work.
57
Table 20. Persons on part-time schedules for economic reasons 1 by type of industry, sex, and age,
1957-82
[In thousands]
Nonagricultural industries
Year
Total
Agricul
ture
Men
Total
Total
Women
16 to
17
years
18 to
24
years
25 to
44
years
45 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
Total
16 to
17
years
18 to
24
years
25 to
44
years
45 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
2,469
3,280
2,640
300
327
304
2,169
2,953
2,336
1,263
1,793
1,320
99
114
115
181
257
223
488
727
494
418
607
419
76
88
67
906
1,161
1,016
58
57
62
117
166
140
383
482
405
315
413
367
32
42
41
1960..............................
1961..............................
1962..............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
2,860
3,142
2,661
2,620
2,455
300
329
325
332
318
2,560
2,813
2,337
2,291
2,137
1,476
1,625
1,308
1,263
1,154
114
127
113
106
106
251
305
243
255
235
552
598
476
436
398
489
527
422
407
368
70
66
55
59
49
1,083
1,188
1,029
1,025
982
75
65
65
65
60
167
178
171
183
177
420
460
386
384
350
385
443
372
355
359
36
40
34
38
37
1965..............................
19662............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
2,209
1,894
2,163
1,970
2,056
281
230
250
255
246
1,928
1,664
1,913
1,715
1,810
1,005
863
987
830
888
108
75
81
90
98
226
195
214
194
210
322
277
331
250
284
310
273
310
250
252
40
43
51
47
45
923
801
925
886
921
55
47
52
55
64
205
164
199
201
212
308
286
312
286
311
325
279
331
314
308
30
27
33
30
27
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
2,446
2,688
2,648
2,554
2,988
247
237
218
211
238
2,198
2,451
2,430
2,343
2,751
1,106
1,209
1,180
1,118
1,332
98
104
136
126
129
285
338
370
355
405
374
404
364
358
458
303
317
268
241
295
46
46
42
38
46
1,091
1,241
1,249
1,224
1,419
70
79
94
96
103
269
322
340
361
402
355
410
412
397
472
362
391
361
331
405
35
40
41
38
41
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
3,804
3,607
3,608
3,516
3,577
262
273
239
219
204
3,542
3,334
3,369
3,298
3,373
1,763
1,616
1,574
1,473
1,494
135
129
140
143
134
537
548
545
520
503
635
555
540
516
523
410
343
302
246
278
48
44
47
49
53
1,778
1,717
1,794
1,824
1,879
112
112
114
127
113
540
540
577
561
582
613
597
641
660
714
477
432
421
428
428
37
35
41
49
47
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
4,321
4,768
6,170
258
268
318
4,064
4,499
5,852
1,909
2,079
2,779
132
133
133
606
678
857
754
809
1,155
364
407
573
51
51
61
2,155
2,421
3,073
122
122
124
669
723
892
821
976
1,311
496
551
686
48
49
61
1 Includes persons who worked less than 35 hours during the survey
week because of slack work, job changing during the week, material short
ages, inability to find full-time work, etc.
58
2
Data for 1966 forward refer to persons 16 years and over; 14 years and
over for prior years.
Table 21. Nonagricultural workers on part-time schedules for economic reasons by usual full- or
part-time status and selected characteristics, 1969-82
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
Usually work full time1
Total:
Number.
Percent.
955 1,202 1,189 1,091 1,088 1,327 1,650 1,345 1,289 1,286 1,366 1,714 1,738 2,169
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
SEX A ND AGE
Men....................................................
16 to 17 years..........................
18 to 24 years..........................
25 to 44 years..........................
45 to 64 years..........................
65 years and over.....................
56.1
2.3
12.6
22.3
17.2
1.8
58.4
1.6
13.6
23.8
17.7
1.7
57.8
1.5
13.5
23.1
18.1
1.5
58.6
2.0
15.6
23.0
16.5
1.4
56.9
2.6
16.5
21.9
14.4
1.5
57.6
2.3
15.1
23.7
15.0
1.5
61.0
1.5
14.3
25.8
18.5
.9
59.8
1.5
16.6
24.5
16.2
.9
58.3
2.0
16.0
24.9
14.3
1.1
56.8
2.4
18.2
23.5
11.4
1.3
57.2
1.8
17.1
24.5
12.5
1.1
59.5
1.6
14.9
28.5
13.4
1.1
59.8
1.0
15.1
28.6
14.3
.8
61.2
.8
12.4
30.7
16.4
1.0
Women..............................................
16 to 17 years..........................
18 to 24 years..........................
25 to 44 years..........................
45 to 64 years..........................
65 years and over....................
43.6
1.3
9.9
17.4
14.6
.7
41.6
1.1
9.7
15.4
14.5
1.0
42.2
.8
9.7
16.3
14.5
.8
41.4
.9
9.8
16.1
13.5
1.1
43.1
1.2
12.2
16.7
11.9
1.0
42.4
1.4
10.9
16.2
13.3
.7
39.0
.9
9.9
15.7
12.0
.6
40.2
.9
11.0
15.5
12.2
.5
41.8
1.4
12.1
16.9
11.0
.6
43.2
1.3
12.5
18.0
10.7
.7
42.9
1.0
12.3
18.6
10.0
.8
40.5
.9
11.2
17.6
10.3
.6
40.2
.8
10.2
18.2
10.2
.7
38.8
.6
9.1
18.7
9.6
.8
White............................................................
Men........................................................
Women..................................................
83.4
46.1
37.2
83.2
48.4
34.8
83.3
48.1
35.2
84.5
49.6
34.9
84.0
47.6
36.4
84.5
48.9
35.6
84.5
51.8
32.7
83.5
50.0
33.5
84.0
49.3
34.7
84.1
47.9
36.2
85.2
49.4
35.8
86.0
51.9
34.1
84.6
51.8
32.8
85.6
53.7
31.9
Black.............................................................
Men...................................................
Women..................................................
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
16.5
10.2
6.3
15.7
9.9
5.9
15.4
9.3
6.1
15.4
9.7
5.8
15.9
9.8
6.1
15.9
9.2
6.7
15.8
9.3
6.5
14.0
7.8
6.0
13.1
7.3
5.8
14.0
7.5
6.5
12.9
6.8
6.1
Men:
Single...................................................
Married, spouse present....................
Widowed, divorced, or separated......
14.0
37.2
4.8
13.4
40.5
4.5
13.4
40.0
4.5
16.4
36.9
5.2
18.2
34.0
4.7
15.5
37.2
5.0
15.1
40.9
5.0
16.1
38.3
5.4
17.1
35.3
5.8
20.2
30.6
6.1
19.1
31.8
6.3
17.4
35.8
6.4
18.0
35.4
6.4
16.2
38.2
6.7
Women:
Single....................................................
Married, spouse present.....................
Widowed, divorced, or separated......
7.8
27.3
8.9
7.6
25.4
8.7
7.6
26.1
8.5
8.4
24.4
8.6
9.2
25.0
8.7
9.0
24.9
8.4
8.0
23.5
7.6
9.4
22.9
8.0
9.7
23.2
8.9
10.5
23.8
9.0
10.4
23.8
8.5
10.4
22.3
7.8
10.0
21.6
8.5
9.1
21.4
8.3
Wage and salary workers..........................
89.0
90.3
89.5
88.5
89.1
88.6
88.0
87.6
87.6
88.2
86.6
84.5
82.9
83.9
Construction.........................................
Manufacturing......................................
Durable goods.............................
Nondurable goods.......................
Transportation and public utilities......
Wholesale and retail trade.................
Finance and services.........................
Other industries3 ................................
12.9
37.8
14.8
23.0
6.0
13.3
16.5
2.5
13.2
42.2
18.3
23.9
5.2
12.3
15.0
2.3
13.5
39.0
16.0
23.0
5.3
14.0
16.1
1.5
15.0
33.2
12.8
20.5
6.1
15.8
16.6
1.8
15.1
32.1
12.4
19.7
5.7
16.6
17.6
2.1
14.1
36.1
15.0
21.0
5.3
15.1
16.4
1.6
14.1
36.6
16.7
19.9
5.7
14.8
15.1
1.7
15.3
30.5
12.1
18.3
5.2
16.7
17.9
2.1
13.9
29.9
11.5
18.4
4.8
17.3
20.0
1.8
13.4
29.3
10.9
18.3
5.4
18.2
20.0
2.0
13.6
28.3
11.2
17.1
5.3
16.7
20.1
2.4
13.0
29.6
13.8
15.7
5.1
16.5
17.7
2.6
13.9
27.7
11.5
16.1
5.2
16.0
18.2
2.0
11.6
32.3
16.1
16.2
4.9
15.6
17.2
2.4
Self-employed and unpaid family workers.
11.0
9.7
10.5
11.5
10.9
11.4
11.9
12.5
12.4
11.8
13.5
15.5
17.1
16.1
RACE AND SEX
SEX AND M A R ITA L STATUS
INDUSTRY
See footnotes at end of table.
59
Table 21. Nonagricultural workers on part-time schedules for economic reasons by usual full- or
part-time status and selected characteristics, 1969-82—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
Usually work part time4
Total:
Number...................................................................... 855
996 1,263 1,339 1,255 1,424 1,891 1,989 2,079 2,012 2,006 2,350 2,761 3,683
Percent...................................................................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10C.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
SEX AN D AGE
Men.................................................................................... 41.2
16 to 17 years old..................................................... 8.9
18 to 24 years old..................................................... 10.5
25 to 44 years old..................................................... 8.3
45 to 64 years old..................................................... 10.3
65 years old and over..............................................
3.3
40.5
7.9
12.2
8.8
9.1
2.6
41.3
6.8
14.0
10.1
8.1
2.2
40.4
8.5
14.8
8.2
6.8
2.0
39.6
7.8
13.8
9.2
6.9
1.8
39.6
7.0
14.1
9.7
7.0
1.9
39.9
5.9
15.8
10.7
5.8
1.8
40.7
5.5
16.0
10.9
6.5
1.6
39.4
5.5
16.1
10.2
5.9
1.6
36.6
5.6
14.0
10.2
5.1
1.7
35.1
5.5
13.2
8.8
5.6
1.9
37.5
4.5
14.7
10.9
6.0
1.4
37.6
4.2
15.0
11.4
5.7
1.3
39.4
3.1
16.0
13.3
5.9
1.1
Women.............................................................................. 58.8
6.1
16 to 17 years..........................................................
18 to 24 years.......................................................... 13.7
25 to 44 years.......................................................... 16.9
45 to 64 years.......................................................... 19.7
65 years and over..................................................... 2.3
59.5
5.7
15.4
17.1
18.9
2.3
58.7
5.5
16.3
17.1
17.4
2.4
59.6
6.3
17.4
17.7
16.1
2.2
60.4
6.6
18.3
17.2
16.2
2.2
60.4
5.9
18.1
17.9
16.2
2.3
60.1
5.2
20.0
18.7
14.8
1.5
59.3
5.0
19.7
19.5
13.6
1.4
60.6
4.6
20.4
20.4
13.6
1.7
63.4
5.5
20.0
21.4
14.6
2.0
64.9
4.9
20.8
23.0
14.5
1.8
62.5
4.5
20.4
22.2
13.7
1.7
62.4
3.9
19.7
23.9
13.5
1.3
60.6
3.0
18.8
24.6
12.9
1.2
RACE AND SEX
White.................................................................................
Men............................................................................
Women......................................................................
73.1
31.5
41.6
74.1
31.8
42.3
78.4
33.4
45.0
79.0
33.1
45.9
80.3
32.0
48.3
78.9
31.4
47.5
81.2
33.3
47.9
81.0
32.9
48.0
82.2
32.5
49.7
80.5
29.5
51.0
80.8
28.0
52.8
81.9
30.7
51.2
81.8
30.7
51.1
81.9
31.8
50.1
Black..................................................................................
Men............................................................................
Women......................................................................
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
21.9
8.3
13.6
20.0
8.0
11.9
21.4
8.8
12.6
19.1
7.3
11.8
19.0
8.2
10.8
17.1
6.7
10.4
18.3
6.9
11.4
18.0
6.7
11.3
16.8
6.6
10.1
17.0
6.6
10.3
16.3
7.2
9.1
Men:
Single.........................................................................
Married, spouse present..........................................
Widowed, divorced, or separated...........................
21.8
15.7
3.9
21.7
15.6
3.3
22.9
13.1
3.3
24.9
12.7
2.8
23.1
13.0
3.4
22.3
13.7
3.6
22.6
13.8
3.5
23.3
13.8
3.6
23.5
12.3
3.7
22.3
11.0
3.3
20.9
10.7
3.5
22.1
11.9
3.5
21.9
12.0
3.8
21.9
13.5
4.1
Women:
Single.........................................................................
Married, spouse present..........................................
Widowed, divorced, or separated...........................
17.3
26.5
14.9
18.6
25.7
15.1
18.9
26.5
13.2
20.8
25.6
13.2
21.3
26.0
13.2
20.6
26.9
12.9
21.1
26.8
12.1
21.4
26.3
11.7
21.5
27.1
12.1
23.4
27.9
12.2
23.2
29.4
12.4
22.1
28.3
12.1
22.1
27.2
13.1
21.0
27.6
12.0
Wage and salary workers...............................................
90.8
91.9
91.6
92.2
92.0
91.1
91.6
91.7
92.3
91.9
90.8
91.3
91.1
90.9
Construction.............................................................
Manufacturing..........................................................
Durable.............................................................
Nondurable goods............................................
Transportation and public utilities..........................
Wholesale and retail trade......................................
Finance and service................................................
Other industries3 ....................................................
5.6
8.5
2.5
6.1
3.4
26.2
44.5
2.6
6.2
9.6
3.1
6.5
3.9
26.5
43.4
2.2
6.1
8.6
3.2
5.4
3.6
30.0
41.4
2.0
5.0
6.8
1.8
5.0
3.4
32.4
42.3
2.3
4.9
8.3
2.8
5.5
3.5
31.9
41.3
2.1
5.1
8.1
2.7
5.4
3.5
31.3
41.0
2.2
5.3
8.4
3.2
5.3
3.7
32.0
39.5
2.6
5.1
7.2
2.7
4.6
3.7
33.7
39.7
2.4
5.2
6.8
2.4
4.4
3.7
34.2
40.0
2.4
4.7
6.6
2.0
4.6
3.9
33.0
41.1
2.6
4.3
6.4
2.1
4.2
3.9
35.2
38.4
2.5
4.7
7.7
2.7
5.0
3.7
35.1
37.5
2.7
4.8
6.7
2.4
4.3
3.7
36.1
37.7
2.2
4.4
8.2
3.3
5.0
3.5
35.9
36.4
2.4
Self-employed and unpaid family workers....................
9.2
8.5
8.4
7.8
8.0
9.0
8.5
8.2
7.7
8.1
9.2
8.7
8.9
9.1
SEX AND M A R ITA L STATUS
INDUSTRY
2 Not available.
3 Includes mining and public administration.
4 Mainly persons who could find only part-time work.
1 Mainly persons who worked less than 35 hours during the survey week
because of slack work, job changing during the week, material shortages,
etc.
60
Table 22. Employed civilians with a job but not at work by reason for not working, 1957-82
[In thousands]
Reason for not working, all industries
Year
All industries
Agriculture
Nonagricultural
industries
Bad weather
Industrial
dispute
Vacation
All other
Illness
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
3,017
3,076
3,161
196
199
186
2,821
2,877
2,974
139
182
115
45
59
160
1,447
1,479
1,494
962
882
907
425
474
484
1960..............................
1961..............................
1962..............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
3,231
3,146
3,281
3,501
3,494
190
200
178
174
169
3,042
2,946
3,103
3,327
3,326
168
143
160
106
108
40
56
33
41
51
1,576
1,492
1,533
1,655
1,635
942
898
940
1,000
994
505
556
615
698
707
1965..............................
1966 1 ...........................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
3,525
3,595
3,831
4,206
4,408
157
131
130
147
130
3,368
3,463
3,701
4,059
4,277
79
91
92
158
123
48
66
107
109
111
1,738
1,753
1,974
2,180
2,298
1,039
1,039
1,102
1,208
1,258
621
646
557
550
618
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
4,616
4,728
4,724
4,957
5,364
133
131
135
152
162
4,483
4,597
4,589
4,805
5,202
127
123
141
192
144
156
145
78
75
149
2,325
2,456
2,513
2,626
2,909
1,318
1,277
1,334
1,369
1,386
690
726
657
695
776
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
5,221
5,367
5,520
5,573
5,747
165
145
144
158
146
5,056
5,222
5,376
5,415
5,601
139
100
237
238
198
95
116
120
100
123
2,815
2,930
2,950
2,985
3,191
1,343
1,400
1,426
1,436
1,420
829
820
786
815
816
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
5,882
5,790
5,712
153
137
139
5,729
5,653
5,573
155
112
202
105
64
36
3,320
3,247
3,153
1,425
1,413
1,331
876
953
988
1 Data for 1966 forward refer to persons 16 years and over; 14 years and
over for prior years.
61
Table 23. Employed nonagricultural wage and salary workers 1 with a job but not at work by reason
for not working, pay status, and sex, 1967-82
[In thousands]
Reason for not working, total
Pay status and year
Total
Men
Women
Bad weather
Industrial
dispute
Vacation
All other
Illness
ALL WORKERS
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
3,332
3,676
3,899
1,930
2,105
2,243
1,402
1,571
1,656
40
70
66
106
108
110
1,836
2,031
2,148
939
1,040
1,086
412
428
489
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
4,059
4,166
4,148
4,367
4,713
2,274
2,282
2,269
2,356
2,557
1,785
1,884
1,879
2,011
2,156
61
61
69
112
76
154
144
78
74
147
2,170
2,292
2,335
2,451
2,700
1,153
1,121
1,166
1,202
1,212
521
548
500
528
576
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
4,570
4,755
4,859
4,874
5,055
2,437
2,477
2,582
2,578
2,626
2,134
2,277
2,276
2,296
2,430
65
48
140
125
104
94
115
120
99
121
2,624
2,727
2,746
2,751
2,951
1,182
1,244
1,261
1,277
1,272
607
622
592
623
608
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
5,140
5,075
4,941
2,621
2,495
2,400
2,519
2,580
2,539
77
55
162
104
62
36
3,060
2,995
2,895
1,267
1,258
1,185
631
705
860
Workers paid
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1,878
2,047
2,180
1,224
1,293
1,401
654
753
779
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,409
1,566
1,650
367
378
398
102
103
132
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
2,173
2,263
2,299
2,363
2,603
1,366
1,387
1,423
1,457
1,602
808
875
876
907
1,002
_
—
—
—
—
_
1,618
1,724
1,723
1,754
1,957
436
428
461
472
510
119
113
115
137
135
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
2,538
2,598
2,687
2,691
2,813
1,534
1,562
1,626
1,595
1,617
1,005
1,037
1,062
1,095
1,196
_
—
_
1,890
1,919
1,965
1,961
2,086
506
534
551
554
551
142
145
171
176
176
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
2,906
2,934
2,870
1,639
1,625
1,575
2,498
1,309
1,294
_
_
—
—
—
—
2,185
2,137
2,088
536
582
565
186
216
217
Workers not paid
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1,454
1,629
1,719
706
811
842
748
817
878
_
—
—
—
427
465
498
572
662
688
455
502
533
553
568
612
697
744
718
694
705
729
701
616
640
533
577
665
734
809
780
791
865
676
709
710
723
721
622
640
681
671
656
875
858
807
731
676
620
627
607
643
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
_
—
—
—
1,887
1,904
1,850
2,003
2,110
908
893
848
899
956
978
1,009
1,002
1,103
1,153
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
2,032
2,158
2,171
2,183
2,243
901
915
956
981
1,008
1,129
1,241
1,215
1,202
1,234
_
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
2,233
2,141
2,071
981
870
825
1,252
1,272
1,245
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
—
—
—
—
for “all other reasons” by pay status may be biased because of high re
sponse variance and should be used with caution.
No t e :
—
—
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
1 Excludes private household workers.
Pay status is not available separately for bad weather and indus
trial dispute; these categories are included in “all other reasons.” Estimates
—
62
Table 24. Major unemployment indicators, 1948-82
[Unemployment rates]
Year
1948........................................
1949........................................
All
civil
ian
work
ers
Men,
20
years
and
over
Women,
20
years
and
over
Both
sexes,
16 to
19
years
3.8
5.9
3.2
5.4
3.6
5.3
9.2
13.4
White
Black
and
other
Both
sexes,
25
years
and
over
3.5
5.6
5.9
8.9
2.9
4.8
Labor
Unem
ployed 15 force
weeks
time
and over1 lost12
Full
time
work
ers
Parttime
work
ers
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
1.3
.5
.4
.3
1.3
1.1
.8
.8
2.1
1.5
4.8
5.1
5.3
8.1
6.6
1.4
2.2
1.6
1.5
1.3
6.7
8.0
6.7
6.4
5.8
Mar
ried
men
0.5
1.1
Black
His
panic
origin
—
—
—
_
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1950........................................
1951........................................
1952........................................
1953........................................
1954........................................
5.3
3.3
3.0
2.9
5.5
4.7
2.5
2.4
2.5
4.9
5.1
4.0
3.2
2.9
5.5
12.2
8.2
8.5
7.6
12.6
4.9
3.1
2.8
2.7
5.0
9.0
5.3
5.4
4.5
9.9
4.4
2.8
2.4
2.4
4.7
_
—
—
—
—
1955........................................
1956........................................
1957........................................
1958........................................
1959........................................
4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5
3.8
3.4
3.6
6.2
4.7
4.4
4.2
4.1
6.1
5.2
11.0
11.1
11.6
15.9
14.6
3.9
3.6
3.8
6.1
4.8
8.7
8.3
7.9
12.6
10.7
3.6
3.3
3.4
5.6
4.4
2.8
2.6
2.8
5.1
3.6
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1960........................................
1961........................................
1962........................................
1963........................................
1964........................................
5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.7
5.7
4.6
4.5
3.9
5.1
6.3
5.4
5.4
5.2
14.7
16.8
14.7
17.2
16.2
4.9
6.0
4.9
5.0
4.6
10.2
12.4
10.9
10.8
9.6
4.4
5.4
4.4
4.3
3.8
3.7
4.6
3.6
3.4
2.8
_
—
5.5
4.9
—
—
7.3
7.2
1965........................................
1966........................................
1967........................................
1968........................................
1969........................................
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.2
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.1
4.5
3.8
4.2
3.8
3.7
14.8
12.8
12.9
12.7
12.2
4.1
3.3
3.4
3.2
3.1
8.1
7.3
7.4
6.7
6.4
3.2
2.6
2.6
2.3
2.2
2.4
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.5
4.2
3.5
3.4
3.1
3.1
6.7
6.2
6.9
6.5
6.2
1.0
.7
.6
.5
.5
5.0
4.2
4.2
4.0
3.9
_
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1970........................................
1971........................................
1972........................................
1973........................................
1974........................................
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
3.5
4.4
4.0
3.3
3.8
4.8
5.7
5.4
4.9
5.5
15.2
16.9
16.2
14.5
16.0
4.5
5.4
5.1
4.3
5.0
8.2
9.9
10.0
9.0
9.9
3.3
4.0
3.6
3.1
3.6
2.6
3.2
2.8
2.3
2.7
4.5
5.5
5.1
4.4
5.1
7.6
8.7
8.6
7.9
8.6
.8
1.4
1.3
.9
1.0
5.3
6.4
6.0
5.2
6.1
_
10.4
9.4
10.5
_
—
—
7.5
8.1
1975........................................
1976........................................
1977........................................
1978........................................
1979........................................
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8
6.8
5.9
5.2
4.3
4.4
8.0
7.4
7.0
6.0
5.7
19.9
19.0
17.8
16.4
16.1
7.8
7.0
6.2
5.2
5.1
13.8
13.1
13.1
11.9
11.3
6.0
5.5
4.9
4.1
3.9
5.1
4.2
3.6
2.8
2.8
8.1
7.3
6.6
5.6
5.3
10.3
10.1
9.9
9.0
8.8
2.7
2.5
2.0
1.4
1.2
9.1
8.3
7.6
6.5
6.3
14.8
14.0
14.0
12.8
12.3
12.2
11.5
10.1
9.1
8.3
1980........................................
1981........................................
1982........................................
7.1
7.6
9.7
5.9
6.3
8.8
6.4
6.8
8.3
17.8
19.6
23.2
6.3
8.7
8.6
13.1
14.2
17.3
5.1
5.4
7.4
4.2
4.3
6.5
6.9
7.3
9.6
8.8
9.4
10.5
1.7
2.1
3.2
7.9
8.5
11.0
14.3
15.6
18.9
10.1
10.4
13.8
1Unemployment rate calculated as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
63
Table 25. Unemployed persons by sex, race, and age, 1948-82
[In thousands]
Year, sex, and race
16 years
and over
20 years and over
16 to 19 years
Total
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
TO TA L
1948..............................
1949..............................
2,276
3,637
409
576
178
238
228
337
1,869
3,060
455
680
457
776
347
603
290
471
226
384
93
146
1950..............................
1951 ..............................
1952..............................
1953..............................
1954..............................
3,288
2,055
1,883
1,834
3,532
513
336
345
307
501
226
168
180
150
221
287
168
165
157
247
2,776
1,718
1,539
1,529
3,032
561
273
268
256
504
702
435
389
379
793
530
354
325
325
680
478
318
274
280
548
368
238
195
218
374
137
103
86
70
132
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740
450
478
497
678
654
211
231
230
299
301
239
247
266
379
354
2,403
2,274
2,362
3,923
3,085
396
395
430
701
543
577
554
573
993
726
521
476
499
871
673
436
429
448
731
603
355
311
300
472
405
120
109
111
154
135
1960..............................
1961..............................
1962..............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
712
828
721
884
872
324
363
311
420
436
387
465
409
462
437
3,140
3,886
3,191
3,187
2,913
583
723
636
658
660
752
890
712
732
607
671
850
688
674
605
614
751
605
589
543
396
516
411
410
378
122
159
141
126
117
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832
874
837
839
838
853
411
395
401
413
436
463
441
438
426
416
2,491
2,041
2,138
1.978
1,979
557
446
511
543
560
529
441
480
443
453
546
426
422
371
358
636
369
383
314
320
322
265
256
219
216
103
92
86
88
72
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
1,106
1,262
1,308
1,235
1,422
537
596
633
634
699
569
665
676
600
722
2,987
3,755
3,573
3,130
3,733
866
1,130
1,132
1,008
1,212
718
933
878
866
1,044
515
630
576
451
559
476
573
510
430
498
309
381
368
290
321
104
109
111
88
99
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137
1,767
1,719
1,663
1,583
1,555
799
796
781
796
739
968
924
881
787
816
6,161
5,687
5,330
4,620
4,583
1,865
1,714
1,629
1,483
1,442
1,776
1,710
1,650
1,422
1,446
951
849
785
694
705
893
758
666
552
540
520
510
450
345
346
155
147
147
123
104
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
7,637
8,273
10.678
1,669
1,763
1,977
778
781
831
890
981
1,145
5,969
6,510
8,701
1,835
1,976
2,392
2,024
2,211
3,037
940
1,065
1,552
676
715
966
399
444
647
94
98
107
1948..............................
1949..............................
1,559
2,572
255
352
112
145
143
207
1,304
2,220
324
485
289
539
233
414
201
347
178
310
81
125
1950..............................
1951..............................
1952..............................
1953..............................
1954..............................
2,239
1,221
1,185
1,202
2,344
318
191
205
184
310
139
102
116
94
142
179
89
89
90
168
1,921
1,030
980
1,018
2,034
377
155
155
152
327
467
241
233
236
517
348
192
192
208
431
327
193
182
196
372
286
162
145
167
275
117
87
73
60
112
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
1,854
1,711
1,841
3,098
2,420
274
269
299
416
398
134
134
140
185
191
140
135
159
231
207
1,580
1,442
1,542
2,682
2,022
248
240
283
478
343
353
348
349
685
483
328
278
304
552
407
285
270
302
492
390
265
216
220
349
287
102
90
83
124
112
1960..............................
1961..............................
1962..............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
2,486
2,997
2,423
2,472
2,205
425
479
407
500
487
200
221
187
248
257
225
258
220
252
230
2,061
2,518
2,016
1,972
1,718
369
457
381
396
384
492
585
446
444
345
415
507
405
386
323
392
473
381
358
319
294
374
300
289
262
96
122
103
97
85
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1,914
1,551
1,508
1,419
1,403
479
432
448
427
441
247
220
241
234
244
232
212
207
193
197
1,435
1,119
1,060
992
962
311
221
235
258
270
293
238
219
205
205
284
219
185
171
155
253
197
199
165
157
221
180
164
132
127
75
65
60
61
48
Men
64
Table 25. Unemployed persons by sex, race, and age, 1948-82—Continued
[In thousands]
16 to 19 years
Year, sex. and race
16 years
and over
Total
20 years and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
M en— C ontinued
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
2,238
2,789
2,659
2,275
2,714
599
693
711
653
757
306
346
357
352
394
294
347
355
300
362
1,638
2,097
1,948
1,624
1,957
479
640
628
528
649
391
513
466
439
546
253
320
284
211
266
247
313
272
219
250
198
239
227
171
183
71
71
73
57
63
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
4,442
4,036
3,667
3,142
3,120
966
939
874
813
811
445
443
421
426
393
521
496
453
388
418
3,476
3,098
2,794
2,328
2,308
1,081
951
877
768
744
986
914
869
691
699
507
431
373
314
329
499
411
326
277
272
302
296
252
198
196
103
94
97
81
67
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
4,267
4,577
6,179
913
962
1,090
429
431
469
485
531
621
3,353
3,615
5,089
1.076
1,144
1,407
1,137
1,213
1,791
482
552
879
357
390
550
243
261
393
58
55
69
1948..............................
1949..............................
717
1,065
152
223
66
93
86
130
565
842
132
195
169
235
113
189
90
124
49
74
12
21
1950..............................
1951..............................
1952..............................
1953..............................
1954..............................
1,049
834
698
632
1,188
195
145
140
123
191
87
66
64
56
79
108
79
76
67
112
854
689
558
509
997
184
118
113
104
177
435
194
156
143
276
182
162
133
117
249
151
125
92
84
176
82
76
50
51
99
20
16
13
10
20
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
998
1,039
1,018
1,504
1,320
176
209
197
262
256
77
97
90
114
110
99
112
107
148
146
822
830
821
1,242
1,064
148
155
147
223
200
224
206
224
308
242
193
198
195
319
266
151
159
146
239
214
90
95
80
122
119
18
19
28
31
23
1960..............................
1961..............................
1962..............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
1,366
1,717
1,488
1,598
1,581
286
349
313
383
386
124
142
124
172
179
162
207
189
211
207
1,080
1,368
1,175
1,215
1,195
214
265
255
262
276
260
304
267
286
262
256
342
283
287
281
222
278
223
231
223
101
141
111
120
122
25
36
37
29
33
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1,452
1,324
1,468
1,397
1,428
395
404
391
412
412
164
175
160
179
192
231
229
231
233
220
1,057
920
1,077
985
1,016
246
224
277
285
290
236
201
261
238
247
263
207
237
199
203
183
173
185
149
163
101
86
93
87
89
27
27
26
27
24
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
1,855
2,227
2,222
2,089
2,441
506
568
598
583
665
231
250
276
282
305
275
318
322
301
360
1,349
1,658
1,625
1,507
1,777
387
489
503
480
564
327
420
413
427
497
262
310
293
240
294
229
260
237
212
248
111
142
141
119
137
33
38
38
31
36
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
3,486
3,369
3,324
3,061
3,018
802
780
789
769
743
355
352
361
370
346
447
429
428
399
396
2,684
2,588
2,535
2,292
2,276
783
763
752
714
697
791
795
782
731
748
444
417
412
381
375
395
346
340
275
268
219
214
198
148
150
52
53
50
43
38
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
3,370
3,696
4,499
755
800
886
349
350
362
407
450
524
2,615
2,895
3,613
760
833
985
886
998
1,246
459
513
673
318
325
416
155
184
254
36
43
38
1954..............................
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
2,859
2,252
2,159
2,289
3,680
2,946
423
373
382
401
541
525
191
181
191
195
245
255
232
191
191
204
297
270
2,436
1,879
1,777
1,888
3,139
2,421
394
304
297
331
541
406
610
412
406
425
756
526
540
402
363
401
686
525
447
358
355
373
614
496
329
300
258
262
405
348
115
105
98
98
136
120
1960..............................
1961..............................
1962..............................
3,065
3;743
3,052
575
669
580
273
295
262
302
374
318
2,490
3,074
2,472
456
566
488
573
668
515
520
652
522
502
611
485
330
438
345
109
139
117
W om en
W HITE
65
ployed persons by sex, race, and age, 1948-82—Continued
16 years
and over
16 to 19 years
Total
20 years and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
3,208
2,999
708
708
350
365
358
342
2,500
2,291
501
508
540
441
518
472
485
477
2,691
2,255
2,338
2,226
2,260
705
651
635
644
660
329
315
311
326
351
374
336
325
318
309
1,986
1,604
1,703
1,582
1,601
437
338
393
422
432
399
323
360
330
354
427
336
336
297
294
358
298
321
269
269
91
80
75
80
3,339
4,085
3,906
3,442
4,097
871
1,011
1,021
955
1,104
438
491
515
513
561
432
521
506
443
544
2,468
3,074
2,885
2,486
2,993
679
887
887
758
925
570
732
679
664
821
433
517
459
358
448
415
500
439
371
427
95
6,421
5,914
5,441
4,698
4,664
1,413
1,364
1,284
1,189
1,193
657
649
636
631
589
755
715
648
558
603
5,007
4,550
4,157
3,509
3,472
1,474
1,326
1,195
1,059
1,038
1,413
1,329
1,255
1,059
1,068
774
682
621
543
545
753
637
569
453
443
36
28
29
04
87
5,884
6,343
8,241
1,291
1,374
1,534
625
629
683
666
745
851
4,593
4,968
6,707
1,364
1,449
1,770
1,528
1,658
2,283
740
827
1,223
550
578
796
74
77
1,913
1,475
1,368
1,478
2,488
1,904
266
232
221
243
333
318
125
114
112
118
149
162
142
117
108
124
184
156
1,647
1,246
1,145
1,234
2,156
1,585
260
196
186
222
382
256
408
260
265
257
525
350
341
246
212
239
436
316
299
233
225
250
404
320
98
89
81
73
1,987
2,398
1,915
1,976
1,779
341
384
334
407
400
167
176
158
211
217
174
208
176
196
183
1,647
2,014
1,581
1,569
1,379
295
370
300
309
310
376
442
332
342
262
330
395
311
297
255
317
382
308
294
266
07
84
80
70
1,556
1,240
1,208
1,142
1,137
387
340
342
328
343
200
178
186
185
198
186
162
156
143
145
1,169
801
866
814
794
254
172
185
206
214
226
185
171
162
165
228
173
153
140
130
206
160
167
142
134
67
57
52
55
43
1,857
2,309
2,173
1,836
2,169
485
562
564
513
584
255
288
288
284
311
230
275
276
229
274
1,372
1,747
1,610
1,323
1,585
388
513
506
411
505
316
418
375
353
434
212
268
231
166
218
216
272
237
188
213
64
3,627
3,258
2,883
2,411
785
754
672
615
369
368
342
338
416
385
330
277
2,841
2,504
2,211
1,797
871
750
660
558
796
730
682
525
412
346
297
250
411
341
276
227
86
78
82
2,405
3,345
3,580
4,846
633
716
755
854
319
347
349
387
313
369
406
467
1,773
2,629
2,825
3,991
553
827
869
1,066
526
884
943
1,385
253
378
433
696
220
291
317
460
56
44
42
53
947
773
794
811
1,191
1,044
157
141
161
158
208
207
66
67
79
77
96
93
90
74
83
80
113
114
789
633
632
654
983
836
134
108
111
109
159
150
202
152
141
168
231
176
199
156
151
162
250
209
148
125
130
123
210
176
17
16
17
25
26
1,076
1,344
1,137
234
285
246
106
119
104
128
166
142
843
1,060
891
161
196
188
197
226
183
190
257
211
185
229
177
23
32
33
66
66
00
95
77
88
86
110
98
86
66
60
51
53
68
22
Table 25. Unemployed persons by sex, race, and age, 1948-82—Continued
[In thousands]
Year, sex, and race
16 years
and over
16 to 19 years
Total
20 years and over
16 to 17
years
18 to 19
years
Total
20 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
W om en— C ontinued
1963..............................
1964..............................
1,232
1,220
301
308
139
148
162
159
931
912
192
198
198
179
221
217
191
181
103
107
27
30
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1,135
1,013
1,130
1,084
318
311
293
316
129
137
125
141
188
174
169
175
817
703
837
768
183
166
209
216
173
138
189
168
199
163
183
157
152
138
154
127
86
73
81
76
24
23
23
25
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
1,124
1,482
1,777
1,733
1,606
1,927
317
386
449
457
442
579
153
183
203
227
228
250
164
202
246
230
214
270
806
1,096
1,328
1,275
1,164
1,408
218
291
376
381
347
420
189
254
314
304
311
387
164
221
249
227
192
230
135
199
228
202
183
214
77
98
126
125
104
122
23
31
34
35
26
35
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
2,794
2,656
2,558
2,287
2,260
628
611
612
574
560
288
280
294
292
270
340
330
318
281
290
2,166
2,045
1,946
1,713
1,699
602
577
536
500
485
617
598
573
533
542
362
336
323
294
293
342
296
293
226
223
195
188
175
122
125
49
49
47
37
32
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
2,540
2,762
3,395
576
620
680
278
281
296
298
339
384
1,964
2,143
2,715
537
580
704
645
715
898
362
394
527
259
261
337
129
158
217
31
36
33
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
906
846
965
279
262
297
113
114
127
167
148
170
627
584
666
226
231
261
183
181
201
106
82
95
62
53
65
37
29
33
12
9
10
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
1,369
1,334
1,393
1,330
1,319
330
330
354
360
333
130
134
135
150
137
200
195
218
210
197
1,040
1,005
1,040
972
986
362
350
397
379
369
321
338
355
320
335
157
145
140
127
137
126
101
81
82
54
54
51
47
48
17
16
16
17
15
1980..............................
1981 ..............................
1982..............................
1,553
1,731
2,142
343
357
396
134
138
130
210
219
266
1,209
1,374
1,747
426
483
565
433
493
662
171
207
278
109
119
141
53
55
84
18
17
17
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
448
395
494
143
128
159
66
62
75
77
66
305
267
336
113
108
129
84
75
103
45
37
41
31
27
35
23
16
19
9
5
8
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
741
698
698
641
636
170
170
187
180
164
71
69
73
80
68
100
103
114
101
97
571
528
512
462
473
195
185
197
185
174
169
166
170
148
152
83
73
63
53
66
78
60
40
40
44
33
32
31
24
27
13
13
12
11
10
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
815
891
1,167
179
188
213
72
73
72
108
115
141
636
703
954
222
248
304
222
245
355
88
102
154
60
65
74
32
32
54
12
10
12
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
458
451
470
136
134
139
47
51
51
90
82
87
332
317
331
113
123
132
99
105
98
61
45
55
31
26
30
14
13
14
3
4
2
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
629
637
695
690
683
160
160
167
179
169
60
66
63
70
69
100
93
104
110
100
469
477
528
510
513
167
165
200
194
195
153
172
185
173
183
75
73
77
74
71
48
41
41
41
38
22
23
21
23
21
4
3
4
6
7
1980..............................
1981 ..............................
1982..............................
738
840
975
164
169
182
62
65
58
102
104
124
574
671
793
204
235
261
211
248
307
83
105
123
49
54
67
21
23
29
7
5
BLACK
8ST
Men
P
W om en
67
6
Table 26. Unemployment rates by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age, 1948-82
[Civilian workers]
Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16
years
and
over
16 to 19 years
Total
16 to
17
years
20 years and over
18 to
19
years
Total
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
TO TA L
1948..............................................................
1949..............................................................
3.8
5.9
9.2
13.4
10.1
14.0
8.6
13.0
3.3
5.4
6.2
9.3
3.2
5.4
2.6
4.4
2.7
4.2
3.1
5.2
3.2
4.9
1950...............................................................
1951..............................................................
1952..............................................................
1953..............................................................
1954..............................................................
5.3
3.3
3.0
2.9
5.5
12.2
8.2
8.5
7.6
12.6
13.6
9.6
10.0
8.7
13.5
11.2
7.1
7.3
6.8
10.7
4.8
30
2.7
2.6
5.1
7.7
4.1
4.6
4.7
9.2
4.8
3.0
2.6
2.5
5.3
3.8
2.5
2.3
2.2
4.5
4.2
2.7
2.3
2.3
4.4
4.8
3.1
2.4
2.7
4.5
4.5
3.4
2.9
2.2
4.1
1955..............................................................
1956..............................................................
1957..............................................................
1958..............................................................
1959..............................................................
4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5
11.0
11.1
11.6
15.9
14.6
12.3
12.3
12.5
16.4
15.3
10.0
10.2
10.9
15.5
14.0
3.9
3.7
3.8
6.2
4.8
7.0
6.6
7.1
11.2
8.5
3.8
3.7
3.9
6.8
5.0
3.4
3.0
3.1
5.4
4.2
3.4
3.2
3.3
5.2
4.2
4.2
3.5
3.4
5.2
4.4
3.6
3.2
3.4
4.8
4.3
1960..............................................................
1961..............................................................
1962..............................................................
1963..............................................................
1964..............................................................
5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
14.7
16.8
14.7
17.2
16.2
15.5
18.3
16.3
19.3
17.8
14.1
15.8
13.6
15.6
14.9
4.8
5.9
4.9
4.8
4.3
8.7
10.4
9.0
8.8
8.3
5.2
6.2
5.1
5.2
4.3
4.1
5.2
4.1
4.0
3.6
4.1
5.0
4.0
3.8
3.5
4.2
5.4
4.2
4.1
3.7
3.8
5.1
4.5
4.1
3.8
1965..............................................................
1966..............................................................
1967..............................................................
1968..............................................................
1969..............................................................
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
14.8
12.8
12.9
12.7
12.2
16.5
14.8
14.6
14.7
14.5
13.5
11.3
11.6
11.2
10.5
3.6
2.9
3.0
2.7
2.7
6.7
5.3
5.7
5.8
5.7
3.7
3.1
3.2
2.8
2.8
3.2
2.5
2.5
2.2
2.2
2.8
2.3
2.4
1.9
1.9
3.1
2.5
2.4
2.0
1.9
3.3
3.0
2.8
2.8
2.2
1970..............................................................
1971..............................................................
1972..............................................................
1973..............................................................
1974..............................................................
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
15.3
16.9
16.2
14.5
16.0
17.1
18.7
18.5
17.3
18.3
13.8
15.5
14.6
12.4
14.2
4.0
4.9
4.5
3.9
4.5
8.2
10.0
9.3
7.8
9.0
4.2
5.3
4.6
4.2
4.8
3.1
3.9
3.5
2.7
3.3
2.8
3.4
3.0
2.5
2.9
2.7
3.3
3.2
2.6
2.8
3.2
3.5
3.6
3.0
3.4
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
8.5
7.7
7.0
6.0
5.8
19.9
19.0
17.8
16.4
16.1
21.4
21.1
19.9
19.3
18.1
18.9
17.4
16.2
14.2
14.6
7.3
6.5
5.9
5.0
4.8
13.6
12.0
10.9
9.5
9.0
7.8
7.1
6.4
5.3
5.1
5.6
4.9
4.4
3.7
3.6
5.2
4.5
4.0
3.3
3.2
4.6
4.5
3.9
2.9
2.9
5.3
5.1
5.1
4.0
3.4
1980..............................................................
1981 ..............................................................
1982..............................................................
7.1
7.6
9.7
17.8
19.6
23.2
20.0
21.4
24.9
16.2
18.4
22.1
6.1
6.5
8.6
11.5
12.3
14.9
6.9
7.3
9.7
4.6
5.0
6.9
4.0
4.2
5.7
3.3
3.7
5.4
3.1
3.2
3.5
1948..............................................................
1949..............................................................
3.6
5.9
9.8
14.3
10.1
13.7
9.6
14.6
3.2
5.4
6.9
10.4
2.8
5.2
2.4
4.3
2.5
4.3
3.1
5.4
3.4
5.1
1950..............................................................
1951..............................................................
1952..............................................................
1953..............................................................
1954...............................................................
5.1
2.8
2.8
2.8
5.3
12.7
8.1
8.9
7.9
13.5
13.3
9.4
10.5
8.8
13.9
12.3
7.0
7.4
7.2
13.2
4.7
2.5
2.4
2.5
4.9
8.1
3.9
4.6
5.0
10.7
4.4
2.3
2.2
2.2
4.8
3.6
2.0
1.9
2.0
4.1
4.0
2.4
2.2
2.3
4.3
4.9
2.8
2.4
2.8
4.5
4.8
3.5
3.0
2.4
4.4
1955...............................................................
1956...............................................................
1957...............................................................
1958..............................................................
1959..............................................................
4.2
3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2
11.6
11.1
12.4
17.1
15.3
12.5
11.7
12.4
16.3
15.8
10.8
10.4
12.3
17.8
14.9
3.8
3.4
3.6
6.2
4.7
7.7
6.9
7.8
12.7
8.7
3.3
3.3
3.3
6.5
4.7
3.1
2.6
2.8
5.1
3.7
3.2
3.0
3.3
5.3
4.1
4.3
3.5
3.5
5.5
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.4
5.2
4.8
1960..............................................................
1961..............................................................
1962..............................................................
1963..............................................................
1964..............................................................
5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
15.3
17.1
14.7
17.2
15.8
15.5
18.3
15.9
18.8
17.1
15.0
16.3
13.8
15.9
14.6
4.7
5.7
4.6
4.5
3.9
8.9
10.7
8.9
8.8
8.1
4.8
5.7
4.5
4.5
3.5
3.8
4.6
3.6
3.5
2.9
4.1
4.9
3.9
3.6
3.2
4.6
5.7
4.6
4.3
3.9
4.2
5.5
4.6
4.5
4.0
1965..............................................................
1966..............................................................
1967..............................................................
1968..............................................................
1969..............................................................
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8
14.1
11.7
12.3
11.6
11.4
16.1
13.7
14.5
13.9
13.8
12.4
10.2
10.5
9.7
9.4
3.2
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.1
6.3
4.6
4.7
5.1
5.1
3.0
2.4
2.1
1.9
1.9
2.6
2.0
1.7
1.6
1.5
2.5
2.0
1.9
1.6
1.5
3.3
2.6
2.4
1.9
1.8
3.5
3.1
2.8
2.9
2.2
Men
68
Table 26. Unemployment rates by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age, 1948-82—Continued
[Civilian workers]
Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16
years
and
over
20 years and over
16 to 19 years
Total
16 to
17
years
18 to
19
years
Total
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
M en— C ontinued
1970..............................................................
1971..............................................................
1972..............................................................
1973..............................................................
1974..............................................................
4.4
5.3
4.9
4.1
4.8
15.0
16.6
15.9
13.9
15.6
16.9
18.6
18.2
17.0
18.5
13.4
15.0
14.0
11.4
13.3
3.5
4.4
4.0
3.3
38
8.4
10.3
9.2
7.3
8.7
3.4
4.4
3.7
3.3
3.9
2.4
3.1
2.7
2.0
2.6
2.4
3.0
2.6
2.1
2.4
2.8
3.3
3.2
2.4
2.6
3.3
3.4
3.6
3.0
3.3
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
7.9
7.0
6.2
5.2
5.1
20.1
19.2
17.3
15.8
15.9
21.6
21.4
19.5
19.2
17.9
19.0
17.6
15.6
13.2
14.2
6.8
5.9
5.2
4.3
4.2
14.3
12.0
10.7
9.1
8.6
7.0
6.2
5.6
4.3
4.2
4.9
4.1
3.5
2.8
2.9
4.8
4.0
3.2
2.8
2.7
4.3
4.2
3.5
2.7
2.7
5.4
5.2
5.2
4.2
3.5
1980..............................................................
1981..............................................................
1982..............................................................
6.9
7.4
9.9
18.3
20.1
24.4
20.4
22.0
26.4
16.7
18.8
23.1
5.9
6.3
8.8
12.5
13.2
16.4
6.7
6.9
10.1
4.1
4.5
6.9
3.6
4.0
5.6
3.4
3.6
5.5
3.1
2.9
3.7
1948..............................................................
1949..............................................................
4.1
6.0
8.3
12.3
9.8
14.4
7.4
11.2
3.6
5.3
4.9
7.3
4.3
5.9
3.0
4.7
3.0
4.0
3.1
4.4
2.3
3.8
1950..............................................................
1951..............................................................
1952..............................................................
1953..............................................................
1954..............................................................
5.7
4.4
3.6
3.3
6.0
11.4
8.3
8.0
7.2
11.4
14.2
10.0
9.1
8.5
12.7
9.8
7.2
7.3
6.4
10.5
5.1
4.0
3.2
2.9
5.5
6.9
4.4
4.5
4.3
7.3
5.7
4.5
3.6
3.4
6.6
4.4
3.8
3.0
2.5
5.3
4.5
3.5
2.5
2.3
4.6
4.5
4.0
2.5
2.5
4.6
3.4
2.9
2.2
1.4
3.0
1955..............................................................
1956..............................................................
1957..............................................................
1958..............................................................
1959..............................................................
4.9
4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9
10.2
11.2
10.6
14.3
13.5
12.0
13.2
12.6
16.6
14.4
9.1
9.9
9.4
12.9
12.9
4.4
4.2
4.1
6.1
5.2
6.1
6.3
6.0
8.9
8.1
5.3
4.8
5.3
7.3
5.9
4.0
3.9
3.8
6.2
5.1
3.6
3.6
3.2
4.9
4.2
3.8
3.6
3.0
4.5
4.1
2.3
2.3
3.4
3.8
2.8
1960..............................................................
1961..............................................................
1962..............................................................
1963..............................................................
1964...............................................................
5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
13.9
16.3
14.6
17.2
16.6
15.4
18.3
16.8
20.3
18.8
13.0
15.1
13.5
15.2
15.1
5.1
6.3
5.4
5.4
5.2
8.3
9.8
9.1
8.9
8.6
6.3
7.3
6.5
6.9
6.3
4.8
6.3
5.2
5.1
5.0
4.2
5.1
4.1
4.2
3.9
3.4
4.5
3.5
3.6
3.5
2.8
3.9
4.1
3.2
3.4
1965...............................................................
1966...............................................................
1967..............................................................
1968..............................................................
1969..............................................................
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7
15.7
14.1
13.5
14.0
13.3
17.2
16.6
14.8
15.9
15.5
14.8
12.6
12.7
12.9
11.8
4.5
3.8
4.2
3.8
3.7
7.3
6.3
7.0
6.7
6.3
5.5
4.5
5.4
4.7
4.6
4.6
3.6
4.0
3.4
3.4
3.2
2.9
3.1
2.4
2.6
2.8
2.3
2.4
2.2
2.2
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.3
1970...............................................................
1971...............................................................
1972...............................................................
1973...............................................................
1974..............................................................
5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
15.6
17.2
16.7
15.3
16.6
17.4
18.7
18.8
17.7
18.2
14.4
16.2
15.2
13.5
15.4
4.8
5.7
5.4
4.9
5.5
7.9
9.6
9.3
8.4
9.5
5.7
7.0
6.2
5.8
6.2
4.4
5.2
4.9
3.9
4.6
3.5
4.0
3.6
3.2
3.7
2.7
3.3
3.3
2.8
3.3
3.1
3.6
3.5
2.9
3.7
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8
19.7
18.7
18.3
17.1
16.4
21.2
20.7
20.4
19.5
18.3
18.7
17.3
16.8
15.3
15.0
8.0
7.4
7.0
6.0
5.7
12.7
11.9
11.2
10.1
9.6
9.1
8.5
7.7
6.7
6.4
6.9
6.1
5.8
5.0
4.6
5.9
^ •2
5.1
4.0
3.9
5.1
4.9
4.5
3.2
3.2
5.1
5.0
4.7
3.8
3.3
1980..............................................................
1981..............................................................
1982..............................................................
7.4
7.9
9.4
17.2
19.0
21.9
19.6
20.7
23.2
15.6
17.9
21.0
6.4
6.8
8.3
10.4
11.2
13.2
7.2
7.7
9.3
5.3
5.7
7.0
4.5
4.6
5.9
3.3
3.8
5.2
3.1
3.6
3.2
5.0
3.9
3.6
3.8
6.1
4.8
12.1
10.4
10.1
10.6
14.4
13.1
13.2
12.0
11.5
11.9
15.2
14.4
11.3
9.2
9.0
9.6
13.9
12.1
4.6
3.4
3.2
3.4
5.6
4.3
8.3
6.2
5.7
6.3
9.9
7.3
4.6
3.1
3.1
3.3
5.9
4.2
4.0
2.9
2.6
2.8
4.8
3.7
4.0
3.1
2.9
3.0
4.8
3.8
4.3
3.8
3.2
3.2
4.9
4.1
3.9
3.4
3.1
3.2
4.6
4.1
W om en
W HITE
1954..............................................................
1955..............................................................
1956..............................................................
1957..............................................................
1958..............................................................
1959..............................................................
69
Table 26. Unemployment rates by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age, 1948-82—Continued
[Civilian workers]
Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16
years
and
over
16 to 19 years
Total
16 to
17
years
20 years and over
18 to
19
years
Total
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
W H IT E — C ontinued
1960...............................................................
1961..............................................................
1962..............................................................
1963...............................................................
1964..............................................................
5.0
6.0
4.9
5.0
4.6
13.5
15.3
13.3
15.5
14.8
14.6
16.7
15.3
17.9
16.5
12.6
14.4
12.0
13.7
13.3
4.3
5.3
4.2
4.2
38
7.9
9.4
7.9
7.7
7.3
4.5
5.3
4.2
4.4
3.6
3.6
4.5
3.6
3.5
3.2
3.8
4.5
3.6
3.5
3.2
3.9
5.0
3.9
3.8
3.5
3.7
4.8
4.0
3.8
3.5
1965..............................................................
1966..............................................................
1967..............................................................
1968..............................................................
1969..............................................................
4.1
3.4
3.4
3.2
3.1
13.4
11.2
11.0
11.0
10.7
14.8
13.3
12.8
12.9
13.0
12.3
9.7
9.8
9.6
8.9
3.3
2.6
2.7
2.5
2.4
6.1
4.6
5.0
5.2
5.0
3.2
2.6
2.7
2.4
2.5
2.9
2.3
2.3
2.0
2.0
2.5
2.1
2.2
1.8
1.8
2.9
2.4
2.3
1.9
1.8
3.2
2.9
2.7
2.8
2.2
1970..............................................................
1971..............................................................
1972..............................................................
1973..............................................................
1974..............................................................
4.5
5.4
5.1
4.3
5.0
13.5
15.1
14.2
12.6
14.0
15.5
17.0
16.6
15.4
16.3
11.9
13.8
12.3
10.4
12.2
3.7
4.5
4.1
3.5
4.1
7.3
9.0
8.4
6.8
8.0
3.8
4.7
4.1
3.7
4.4
3.0
3.6
3.2
2.5
3.1
2.7
3.3
2.9
2.4
2.8
2.7
3.3
3.1
2.5
2.8
3.2
3.5
3.4
2.9
3.3
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
7.8
7.0
6.2
5.2
5.1
17.9
16.9
15.4
13.9
14.0
19.5
19.0
17.9
17.0
16.1
16.7
15.3
13.5
11.5
12.4
6.7
5.9
5.3
4.3
4.2
12.3
10.7
9.3
8.0
7.6
7.1
6.3
5.7
4.6
4.4
5.2
4.5
4.0
3.3
3.2
4.9
4.2
3.8
3.0
3.0
4.5
4.3
3.7
2.7
2.7
5.1
4.9
4.9
3.8
3.1
1980..............................................................
1981..............................................................
1982..............................................................
6.3
6.7
8.6
15.5
17.3
20.4
17.9
19.2
22.8
13.8
15.9
18.8
5.4
5.7
7.6
9.9
10.4
12.8
6.1
6.3
8.5
4.2
4.5
6.3
3.7
3.9
5.4
3.1
3.5
5.1
2.7
2.8
3.1
1954..............................................................
1955..............................................................
1956..............................................................
1957...............................................................
1958..........................................................
1959..............................................................
4.8
3.7
3.4
3.6
6.1
4.6
13.4
11.3
10.5
11.5
15.7
14.0
14.0
12.2
11.2
11.9
14.9
15.0
13.0
10.4
9.7
11.2
16.5
13.0
4.4
3.3
3.0
3.2
5.5
4.1
9.8
7.0
6.1
7.1
11.7
7.5
4.2
2.7
2.8
2.7
5.6
3.8
3.6
2.6
2.2
2.5
4.4
3.2
3.8
2.9
2.8
3.0
4.8
3.7
4.3
3.9
3.1
3.4
5.2
4.2
4.2
3.8
3.4
8.2
5.0
4.5
1960..............................................................
1961..................................................
1962..............................................................
1963..........................................................
1964.........................................................
4.8
5.7
4.6
4.7
4.1
14.0
15.7
13.7
15.9
14.7
14.6
16.5
15.1
17.8
16.1
13.5
15.1
12.7
14.2
13.4
4.2
5.1
4.0
3.9
3.4
8.3
10.0
8.0
7.8
7.4
4.1
4.9
3.8
3.9
3.0
3.3
4.0
3.1
2.9
2.5
3.6
4.4
3.5
3.3
2.9
4.1
5.3
4.1
4.0
3.5
4.0
5.2
4.1
4.1
3.6
1965.............................................................
1966..............................................................
1967..............................................................
1968..............................................................
1969...............................................................
3.6
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
12.9
10.5
10.7
10.1
10.0
14.7
12.5
12.7
12.3
12.5
11.4
8.9
9.0
8.2
7.9
2.9
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.9
5.9
4.1
4.2
4.6
4.6
2.6
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.7
2.3
1.7
1.6
1.4
1.4
2.3
1.7
1.8
1.5
1.4
3.1
2.5
2.2
1.7
1.7
3.0
3.7
2.8
2.4
2.1
1970...............................................................
1971..............................................................
1972..............................................................
1973...............................................................
1974..............................................................
4.0
4.9
4.5
3.7
4.3
13.7
15.1
14.2
12.3
13.5
15.7
17.1
16.4
15.1
16.2
12.0
13.5
12.4
10.0
11.5
3.2
4.0
3.6
3.0
3.5
7.8
9.4
8.5
6.5
7.8
3.1
4.0
3.4
3.0
3.5
2.3
2.9
2.5
1.8
2.4
2.3
2.8
2.5
2.0
2.2
2.7
3.2
3.0
2.4
2.5
3.2
3.4
3.3
2.9
3.0
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
7.2
6.4
5.5
4.5
4.4
18.3
17.3
15.0
13.5
13.9
19.7
19.7
17.6
16.9
16.1
17.2
15.5
13.0
10.8
12.3
6.2
5.4
4.7
3.7
3.6
13.2
10.9
9.3
7.6
7.4
6.3
5.6
5.0
3.7
3.6
4.5
3.7
3.1
2.5
2.5
4.4
3.7
3.0
2.5
2.5
4.1
4.0
3.3
2.6
2.5
5.0
4.8
4.9
3.9
3.1
1980..............................................................
1981..............................................................
1982...............................................................
6.1
6.5
8.8
16.2
17.9
21.7
18.5
19.9
24.2
14.5
16.4
20.0
5.3
5.6
7.8
11.1
11.6
14.3
5.9
6.1
8.9
3.6
4.0
6.2
3.3
3.6
5.3
3.1
3.4
5.1
2.5
2.4
3.2
Men
70
Table 26. Unemployment rates by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age, 1948-82—Continued
[Civilian workers]
Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16
years
and
over
16 to 19 years
Total
16 to
17
years
20 years and over
18 to
19
years
Total
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
W om en
1954..............................................................
1955..............................................................
1956..............................................................
1957..............................................................
1958..............................................................
1959..............................................................
5.6
4.3
4.2
4.3
6.2
5.3
10.4
9.1
9.7
as
12.7
12.0
12.0
11.6
12.1
11.9
15.6
13.3
9.4
7.7
8.3
7.9
11.0
11.1
5.1
3.9
3.7
3.8
56
4.7
6.4
5.1
5.1
5.1
7.4
6.7
5.7
4.3
4.0
4.7
6.6
5.0
4.9
3.8
3.5
3.7
5.6
4.7
4.4
3.4
3.3
3.0
4.9
4.0
4.5
3.6
3.5
3.0
4.3
4.0
2.8
2.2
2.3
3.5
3.5
3.4
1960..............................................................
1961..............................................................
1962..............................................................
1963..............................................................
1964..............................................................
5.3
6.5
5.5
5.8
5.5
12.7
14.8
12.8
15.1
14.9
14.5
17.0
15.6
18.1
17.1
11.5
13.6
11.3
13.2
13.2
4.6
5.7
4.7
4.8
4.6
7.2
8.4
7.7
7.4
7.1
5.7
6.6
5.4
5.8
5.2
4.2
5.6
4.5
4.6
4.5
4.0
4.8
3.7
3.9
3.6
3.3
4.3
3.4
3.5
3.5
2.8
3.7
4.0
3.0
3.4
1965..............................................................
1966..............................................................
1967..............................................................
1968..............................................................
1969..............................................................
5.0
4.3
4.6
4.3
4.2
14.0
12.1
11.5
12.1
11.5
15.0
14.5
12.9
13.9
13.8
13.4
10.7
10.6
11.0
10.0
4.0
3.3
3.8
3.4
3.4
6.3
5.3
6.0
5.9
5.5
4.8
3.7
4.7
3.9
4.2
4.1
3.3
3.7
3.1
3.2
3.0
2.7
2.9
2.3
2.4
2.7
2.2
2.3
2.1
2.1
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.4
1970..............................................................
1971..............................................................
1972..............................................................
1973..............................................................
1974..............................................................
5.4
6.3
5.9
5.3
6.1
13.4
15.1
14.2
13.0
14.5
15.3
16.7
17.0
15.7
16.4
11.9
14.1
12.3
10.9
13.0
4.4
5.3
4.9
4.3
5.1
6.9
8.5
8.2
7.0
8.2
5.3
6.3
5.5
5.1
5.7
4.3
4.9
4.5
3.7
4.3
3.4
3.9
3.5
3.1
3.6
2.6
3.3
3.3
2.8
3.3
3.2
3.6
3.7
2.8
3.9
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
8.6
7.9
7.3
6.2
5.9
17.4
16.4
15.9
14.4
14.0
19.2
18.2
18.2
17.1
15.9
16.1
15.1
14.2
12.4
12.5
7.5
6.8
6.2
5.2
5.0
11.2
10.4
9.3
8.3
7.8
8.5
7.6
6.7
5.8
5.6
6.6
5.8
5.3
4.5
4.2
5.8
5.0
5.0
3.8
3.7
5.1
4.8
4.4
3.0
3.0
5.3
5.3
4.9
3.7
3.1
1980..............................................................
1981..............................................................
1982..............................................................
6.5
6.9
8.3
14.8
16.6
19.0
17.3
18.4
21.2
13.1
15.3
17.6
5.6
5.9
7.3
8.5
9.1
10.9
6.3
6.6
8.0
4.9
5.1
6.4
4.3
4.2
5.5
3.1
3.7
5.0
3.0
3.4
3.1
1972......................... .....................................
1973..............................................................
1974..............................................................
10.4
9.4
10.5
35.4
31.5
35.0
38.7
37.0
40.0
33.6
28.1
31.8
7.9
7.2
8.0
16.3
15.5
17.5
8.7
8.1
8.5
6.1
4.7
5.4
4.2
3.5
4.3
4.1
3.2
3.6
4.3
3.5
3.9
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
14.8
14.0
14.0
12.8
12.3
39.5
39.2
41.1
38.7
36.5
41.6
44.2
44.5
43.9
40.2
38.1
36.7
39.2
35.7
34.4
12.3
11.5
11.5
10.2
10.1
24.5
22.7
24.2
21.8
20.6
13.0
12.8
12.7
10.8
10.8
8.9
8.0
7.4
6.4
6.7
8.3
6.7
5.3
5.2
5.2
5.9
5.9
5.5
4.8
4.9
6.6
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.3
1980..............................................................
1981..............................................................
1982..............................................................
14.3
15.6
18.9
38.5
41.4
48.0
41.1
44.8
48.6
37.1
39.5
47.8
12.1
13.4
16.6
23.6
26.4
30.6
13.3
14.7
19.0
8.2
9.5
12.1
6.8
7.4
8.7
5.4
5.5
8.3
6.9
7.0
7.1
1972..............................................................
1973..............................................................
1974..............................................................
9.3
8.0
9.8
31.7
27.8
33.1
36.7
35.7
39.9
28.4
23.0
28.3
7.0
6.0
7.4
14.9
13.2
16.2
7.2
6.2
8.1
4.8
3.9
4.3
3.8
3.2
4.2
4.4
3.2
3.6
5.4
3.3
5.3
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
14.8
13.7
13.3
11.8
11.4
38.1
37.1
39.2
36.7
34.2
41.9
40.8
41.0
43.0
37.9
35.9
36.0
38.2
32.9
32.2
12.5
11.4
10.7
9.3
9.3
24.7
22.6
23.0
21.0
18.7
12.7
12.0
11.8
9.8
9.6
8.7
7.5
6.2
5.1
6.3
9.3
7.3
4.9
4.9
5.2
6.3
6.3
6.0
4.4
5.1
8.7
8.7
7.8
6.6
6.4
1980..............................................................
1981..............................................................
1982..............................................................
14.5
15.7
20.1
37.5
40.7
48.9
39.7
43.2
52.7
36.2
39.2
47.1
12.4
13.5
17.8
23.7
26.4
31.5
13.4
14.4
20.1
8.2
9.3
13.4
7.2
7.8
9.0
6.2
6.1
10.3
8.7
7.5
9.3
BLACK
Men
71
Table 26. Unemployment rates by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and age, 1948-82—Continued
[Civilian workers]
16 to 19 years
Year, sex, race, and Hispanic origin
16
years
and
over
Total
16 to
17
years
20 years and over
18 to
19
years
Total
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
W om en
1972..............................................................
1973..............................................................
1974..............................................................
11.8
11.1
11.3
40.5
36.1
37.4
42.0
38.6
40.2
40.1
34.2
36.0
9.0
8.6
8.8
17.9
18.4
19.0
10.5
10.3
9.0
7.6
5.6
6.6
4.6
3.9
4.4
3.7
3.3
3.6
2.6
3.8
2.0
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
14.8
14.3
14.9
13.8
13.3
41.0
41.6
43.4
40.8
39.1
41.2
48.4
49.5
45.0
42.7
40.6
37.6
40.4
38.7
36.9
12.2
11.7
12.3
11.2
10.9
24.3
22.8
25.5
22.7
22.6
13.4
13.6
13.6
11.9
12.1
9.0
8.5
8.7
7.8
7.2
7.0
5.9
5.8
5.6
5.2
5.3
5.4
4.8
5.2
4.7
3.7
3.4
3.5
4.8
4.0
1980..............................................................
1981..............................................................
1982..............................................................
14.0
15.6
17.6
39.8
42.2
47.1
42.9
46.5
44.2
38.2
39.8
48.6
11.9
13.4
15.4
23.5
26.4
29.6
13.2
14.9
17.8
8.2
9.8
10.7
6.4
6.9
8.5
4.5
4.7
6.1
5.0
6.0
4.5
1973..............................................................
1974..............................................................
7.5
8.1
19.8
19.8
23.4
23.5
17.3
17.2
6.0
6.6
8.5
9.8
5.7
6.3
5.6
5.9
4.7
4.6
5.5
6.1
3.9
6.3
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
12.2
11.5
10.1
9.1
8.3
27.7
23.8
22.9
20.7
19.2
30.0
29.2
27.0
28.3
26.0
26.5
19.2
19.6
15.1
14.9
10.3
10.1
8.6
7.7
7.0
16.7
15.9
12.0
10.9
10.4
9.9
9.1
8.6
8.0
6.7
8.6
8.2
6.1
6.5
6.2
8.1
8.4
7.3
5.8
5.2
7.7
8.8
8.2
5.0
6.0
9.9
12.6
9.2
7.5
5.7
1980..............................................................
1981 ..............................................................
1982..............................................................
10.1
10.4
13.8
22.5
24.0
29.9
27.5
28.0
37.9
19.5
21.6
25.8
8.6
9.1
12.2
12.1
14.0
17.7
9.1
8.9
12.4
7.7
7.5
10.7
5.7
6.4
8.5
5.9
7.3
10.1
6.2
5.8
6.6
1973..............................................................
1974..............................................................
6.7
7.3
19.0
19.0
20.9
22.0
17.7
17.1
5.4
6.0
8.2
9.9
5.0
5.5
4.2
5.0
4.5
4.3
5.4
5.4
5.5
5.3
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
11.4
10.8
9.0
7.7
7.0
27.6
23.3
20.9
19.7
17.5
29.3
28.7
25.9
27.5
23.5
26.5
19.7
18.2
13.9
13.8
9.6
9.4
7.7
6.4
5.8
16.3
16.0
11.7
9.4
9.2
9.6
8.1
7.9
6.6
5.3
7.9
7.0
4.9
4.8
5.1
7.0
7.4
5.4
4.8
4.4
6.8
8.7
7.4
4.4
5.0
11.0
12.1
9.7
7.8
5.5
1980..............................................................
1981..............................................................
1982..............................................................
9.7
10.2
13.6
21.6
24.3
31.2
26.1
30.7
40.0
19.1
20.3
26.4
8.3
8.8
12.0
12.3
14.2
18.3
8.2
9.0
12.5
7.2
6.5
9.8
6.1
5.9
7.5
6.2
6.6
10.0
8.1
7.2
7.4
1973..............................................................
1974..............................................................
9.0
9.4
20.7
20.8
26.8
25.3
16.7
17.4
7.3
7.7
9.0
9.7
6.9
7.7
8.3
7.5
5.1
5.3
5.6
7.5
9.5
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
13.5
12.7
11.9
11.3
10.3
27.9
22.2
24.4
21.8
21.2
31.0
30.3
28.5
29.9
30.0
26.4
18.7
21.9
16.6
15.8
11.5
11.4
10.1
9.8
8.9
17.2
15.8
12.1
13.0
12.1
10.5
10.8
9.8
10.3
8.9
9.9
10.0
8.2
9.2
7.7
10.0
9.8
10.6
7.4
7.1
9.3
9.0
11.0
7.2
7.9
6.5
14.7
7.1
5.7
6.0
1980..............................................................
1981..............................................................
1982..............................................................
10.7
10.8
14.1
23.4
23.5
28.2
30.4
23.5
34.8
19.7
23.5
25.0
9.2
9.5
12.6
11.9
13.6
17.0
10.5
8.8
12.2
8.5
8.9
12.1
5.2
7.2
9.9
6.3
8.6
10.5
2.0
4.7
HISPANIC O R IG IN
Men
W om en
72
—
___
Table 27. Unemployment rates by sex and marital status, 1955-82
Women
Men
Year
All civilian
workers
Total
Single
Married,
spouse
present
Widowed,
divorced, or
separated
Single
Total
Married,
spouse
present
Widowed,
divorced, or
separated
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5
4.2
3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2
8.6
7.7
9.2
13.3
11.6
2.6
2.3
2.8
5.1
3.6
7.1
6.2
6.8
11.2
8.6
4.9
4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9
5.0
5.3
5.6
7.4
7.1
3.7
3.6
4.3
6.5
5.2
5.0
5.0
4.7
6.7
6.2
1960..............................
1961..............................
1962..............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
11.7
13.1
11.2
12.4
11.5
3.7
4.6
3.6
3.4
2.8
8.4
10.3
9.9
9.6
8.9
5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
7.5
8.7
7.9
8.9
8.7
5.2
6.4
5.4
5.4
5.1
5.9
7.4
6.4
6.7
6.4
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8
10.1
8.6
8.3
8.0
8.0
2.4
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.5
7.2
5.5
4.9
4.2
4.0
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7
8.2
7.9
7.5
7.6
7.3
4.5
3.7
4.5
3.9
3.9
5.4
4.7
4.6
4.2
4.0
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
4.4
5.3
5.0
4.2
4.9
11.2
13.2
12.4
10.4
11.8
2.6
3.2
2.8
2.3
2.7
6.4
7.4
7.0
5.4
6.2
5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.0
10.5
10.1
9.4
10.5
4.9
5.7
5.4
4.7
5.3
5.2
6.3
6.1
5.8
6.3
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8
7.9
7.1
6.3
5.3
5.1
16.1
14.9
13.5
11.7
11.1
5.1
4.2
3.6
2.8
2.8
11.0
9.8
8.2
6.6
6.5
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8
13.0
12.1
12.1
10.9
10.4
7.9
7.1
6.5
5.5
5.1
8.9
8.7
7.9
6.9
6.7
1980..............................
1981..............................
1982..............................
7.1
7.6
9.7
6.9
7.4
9.9
13.6
14.6
17.7
4.2
4.3
6.5
8.6
9.1
12.4
7.4
7.9
9.4
10.9
11.9
13.6
5.8
6.0
7.4
7.2
8.1
9.5
73
Table 28. Unemployment rates and percent distribution of the unemployed by occupation, 1958-82
Experienced workers
Item
All
civil
ian
work
ers
White-collar workers
Total
Profes
sional
and
techni
cal
Managers
and
administra
tors, except
farm
Blue-collar workers
Sales
work
ers
Cleri
cal
work
ers
Total
Craft
and
kin
dred
work
ers
Farm
ers
and
farm
labor
ers
Per
sons
with
no
previ
ous
work
experi
ence1
—
Service workers
Total
Pri
vate
house
hold
work
ers
Other
serv
ice
work
ers
Operatives
Total
Ex
cept
trans
port
Trans
port
equip
ment
Non
farm
labor
ers
U nem ploym ent Rate
_
1 9 5 8 .............................
1 9 5 9 .............................
6.8
5.5
3.1
2.6
2.0
1.7
1.7
1.3
4.1
3.8
4.4
3.7
10.2
7.6
6.8
5.3
11.0
7.6
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
15.1
12.6
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.2
7.4
6.4
3.2
2.6
1 9 6 0 .............................
1961 .............................
1 9 6 2 .............................
1 9 6 3 .............................
1 9 6 4 ..............................
5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
2.7
3.3
2.8
2.9
2.6
1.7
2.0
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.4
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.4
3.8
4.9
4.3
4.3
3.5
3.8
4.6
4.0
4.0
3.7
7.8
9.2
7.4
7.3
6.3
5.3
6.3
5.1
4.8
4.1
8.0
9.6
7.5
7.5
6.6
(2)
(’)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
12.6
14.7
12.5
12.4
10.8
5.8
7.2
6.2
6.1
6.0
5.3
6.4
5.5
5.8
5.4
6.0
7.4
6.5
6.3
6.1
2.7
2.8
2.3
3.0
3.1
1 9 6 5 ..............................
1 9 6 6 ..............................
1 9 6 7 .............................
1 9 6 8 .............................
1 9 6 9 .............................
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
2.3
2.0
2.2
2.0
2.1
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.1
1.0
.9
1.0
.9
3.4
2.8
3.2
2.8
2.9
3.3
2.9
3.1
3.0
3.0
5.3
4.2
5.5
4.4
5.0
4.5
(2)
(2)
(’)
(2)
8.6
7.4
7.6
7.2
6.7
4.7
4.1
4.1
3.9
3.6
5.5
4.8
4.6
4.6
4.3
2.6
2.2
2.3
2.1
1.9
__
—
—
—
4.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
5.3
4.6
4.5
4.1
3.9
3.6
2.8
2.5
2.4
2.2
1 9 7 0 .............................
1971 .............................
1 9 7 2 .............................
1 9 7 3 .............................
1 9 7 4 .............................
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
2.8
3.5
3.4
2.9
3.3
2.0
2.9
2.4
2.2
2.3
1.3
1.6
1.8
1.4
1.9
3.9
4.3
4.3
3.7
4.2
4.1
4.8
4.7
4.2
4.6
6.2
7.4
6.5
5.4
6.7
3.8
4.8
4.3
3.7
4.4
7.1
8.3
7.0
5.7
7.5
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
4.7
4.1
5.1
5.3
6.3
6.3
5.8
6.3
4.2
7.6
6.2
8.2
9.5
10.8
10.3
8.5
10.1
5.5
6.6
6.7
5.9
__
—
—
—
6.6
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.6
2.6
1 9 7 5 .... .........................
1 9 7 6 .............................
1977 .............................
1 9 7 8 .............................
1 9 7 9 ..............................
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8
4.7
4.6
4.3
3.5
3.4
3.2
3.2
3.0
2.6
2.4
3.0
3.1
2.8
2.1
2.1
5.8
5.4
5.3
4.1
3.9
6.6
6.4
5.9
4.9
4.7
11.7
9.4
8.1
6.9
7.0
8.3
6.9
5.7
4.7
4.5
13.2
10.1
8.9
7.5
7.8
14.7
10.8
9.6
8.2
8.5
8.5
7.7
5.3
5.5
15.6
13.7
12.1
10.8
10.9
8.6
8.8
8.2
7.5
7.2
5.4
5.6
4.9
5.1
4.7
8.9
9.1
8.5
7.7
7.4
3.6
4.5
4.7
3.9
3.9
_
—
—
—
1 9 8 0 .............................
1981 .............................
1 9 8 2 .............................
7.1
7.6
9.8
3.7
4.0
4.9
2.5
2.8
3.3
2.4
2.7
3.5
4.4
4.6
5.6
5.3
5.7
7.0
10.0
10.3
14.2
6.6
7.5
10.2
11.4
11.4
16.2
12.2
12.2
17.7
8.8
8.7
11.7
14.6
14.7
18.5
7.9
8.9
10.6
4.6
4.9
6.2
8.2
9.2
10.9
4.6
5.3
6.5
—
—
—
4.4
(2)
(’)
n
(2)
6.6
4.4
4.2
4.4
4.0
4.4
4.3
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Percent Distribution
1 9 5 8 ............................. 100.0
1 9 5 9 .............................. 100.0
18.4
19.7
3.3
2.6
2.4
3.7
4.5
9.1
9.5
57.4
52.6
13.4
12.7
30.6
26.0
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
13.4
14.0
12.1
13.4
2.5
2.9
9.5
10.5
3.8
3.8
8.3
10.5
1 9 6 0 .............................
1 9 6 1 .............................
1 9 6 2 .............................
1 9 6 3 .............................
1 9 6 4 .............................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
20.2
21.0
21.7
21.7
21.6
3.4
3.4
3.6
3.8
3.9
2.5
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.7
4.3
4.6
4.7
4.6
4.1
10.0
10.1
10.6
10.6
10.8
52.8
51.1
49.2
47.7
45.3
12.3
12.4
11.8
11.2
10.3
27.1
26.5
24.9
24.7
23.9
(2)
(2)
(2)
(’ )
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
13.3
12.3
12.4
11.9
11.1
12.9
13.6
14.2
13.9
14.9
2.9
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.1
10.0
10.6
11.2
10.9
11.8
3.7
3.1
2.7
3.3
3.6
10.4
11.3
12.1
13.4
14.7
1 9 6 5 ............................. 100.0
1 9 6 6 ............................. 100.0
1 9 6 7 ............................. 100.0
1 9 6 8 ............................. 100.0
1 9 6 9 ............................. 100.0
22.3
23.6
25.3
25.7
27.6
4.0
4.3
4.5
4.5
5.1
2.5
2.6
2.3
2.7
2.7
4.8
4.6
5.1
4.7
4.9
11.1
12.1
13.4
13.9
14.8
43.4
41.5
42.6
41.7
40.8
10.2
9.7
8.4
8.7
8.0
22.9
21.9
24.5
23.2
23.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
10.3
9.9
9.7
9.8
9.4
14.9
15.5
14.8
15.5
14.8
2.9
2.9
2.5
2.5
2.2
12.0
12.7
12.3
13.0
12.7
3.3
2.8
2.9
2.6
2.2
16.1
16.6
14.5
14.5
14.6
1 9 7 0 ..............................
1 9 7 1 ..............................
1 9 7 2 .............................
1 9 7 3 ..............................
1 9 7 4 ..............................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
27.2
27.8
28.3
28.3
28.0
5.6
6.7
5.8
6.0
5.6
2.7
2.9
3.0
2.9
14.2
13.7
14.5
14.6
14.3
45.1
43.6
40.8
39.2
42.1
9.7
10.2
10.0
10.1
10.3
25.8
23.7
20.8
19.9
22.1
(2)
(2)
17.6
16.7
18.7
(2)
(2)
3.5
9.6
9.8
10.0
9.2
9.7
13.2
14.4
15.2
15.7
15.1
1.7
1.4
1.2
1.4
3.3
4.8
4.5
4.9
4.8
4.7
11.5
13.0
14.0
14.2
13.9
2.0
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.6
12.4
12.6
14.0
15.0
13.3
1 9 7 5 ..............................
1 9 7 6 ............................
1 9 7 7 ............................
1 9 7 8 ............................
1 9 7 9 .............................
100.0
100.0
100.0
5.4
6.0
6.2
6.3
6.3
3.5
4.1
4.0
3.5
3.8
4.3
4.3
4.6
4.2
4.2
13.6
14.6
14.6
14.3
14.3
47.4
41.3
38.7
38.4
39.9
12.7
11.4
10.3
10.0
10.1
25.0
20.5
19.4
19.1
20.2
21.2
16.7
15.9
15.9
16.8
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.2
3.5
9.8
9.4
9.0
9.4
9.5
13.9
15.8
16.1
17.0
16.4
.9
.9
.9
100.0
26.8
29.0
29.5
28.4
28.6
.9
13.1
14.9
15.2
16.0
15.5
1.4
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
10.4
12.1
13.7
14.4
13.4
1 9 8 0 ............................
1981 ............................
1 9 8 2 ............................
100.0
100.0
100.0
26.2
26.9
25.9
5.3
5.7
5.4
3.6
3.8
3.9
3.8
3.7
3.6
13.5
13.6
13.0
45.8
43.6
45.9
11.9
12.4
13.1
23.8
21.7
23.2
19.3
17.7
19.0
4.5
4.0
4.2
10.2
9.6
9.6
14.9
15.8
15.2
.7
.7
.6
14.2
15.1
14.6
1.7
1.8
1.8
11.4
11.9
100.0
3.0
1 Unemployed persons who never held a full-time civilian job.
2 Not available.
N o t e : Unemployment rates by occupational group were not considered
significantly affected by the changes in the occupational classification
system for the 1970 Census of Population that were introduced into the
3.3
3.3
1.1
1.0
11.1
Current Population Survey in January 1971 and the question that was
added to the survey in December 1971. However, the new classification
system did affect the comparability of the percent distribution of unemploy
ment. For further explanation, see the Technical Note on the Current Popu
lation Survey.
74
Table 29. Unemployment rates and percent distribution of the unemployed by industry, 1948-82
Experienced wage and salary workers
Wage and salary workers in private nonagricultural industries
Item
All
civil
ian
work
ers 1
Manufacturing
Total
Agri
culture
Total
Min
ing
Con
struction
Total
Dura
bles
Nondur
ables
Transportation
and
public
utilities
Whole
sale
and
retail
trade
Fi
nance,
insur
ance,
and
real
estate
Service
indus
tries
Govern
ment
U nem ploym ent R ate
1948.....................................
1949.....................................
3.8
5.9
4.3
6.8
5.5
7.1
4.5
7.3
3.0
8.9
8.7
13.9
4.2
8.0
4.0
8.1
4.4
7.8
3.5
5.9
4.7
6.2
1.8
2.1
4.8
6.7
2.2
3.1
1950.....................................
1951.....................................
1952.....................................
1953.....................................
1954.....................................
5.3
3.3
3.0
2.9
5.5
6.0
3.7
3.3
3.2
7.0
9.0
4.3
4.8
5.6
8.9
3.9
3.9
3.6
3.4
6.7
6.7
4.0
3.8
4.6
14.4
12.2
7.2
6.7
7.2
12.9
6.2
3.8
3.5
3.1
7.1
5.7
3.1
3.0
2.6
7.3
6.8
4.7
4.1
3.8
6.9
4.7
2.3
2.3
2.2
5.6
6.0
3.9
3.5
3.4
5.7
2.2
1.5
1.7
1.7
2.3
6.4
4.2
3.6
3.4
5.5
3.0
1.8
1.6
1.5
2.2
1955.....................................
1956.....................................
1957.....................................
1958.....................................
1959.....................................
4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5
4.8
4.4
4.6
7.3
5.7
7.2
7.3
6.9
10.3
9.0
5.1
4.7
4.9
7.9
6.1
9.0
6.8
5.8
10.9
9.7
10.9
10.0
10.9
15.3
13.4
4.7
4.7
5.1
9.3
6.1
4.4
4.4
4.9
10.6
6.2
5.2
5.2
5.3
7.7
6.0
4.0
3.0
3.3
6.1
4.4
4.7
4.5
4.5
6.8
5.8
2.3
1.7
1.8
2.8
2.5
5.2
4.6
4.2
5.7
5.3
2.0
1.7
1.9
2.5
2.2
1960.....................................
1961.....................................
1962.....................................
1963.....................................
1964.....................................
5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
5.7
6.8
5.6
5.6
5.0
8.3
9.6
7.5
9.2
9.7
6.2
7.5
6.1
6.1
5.4
9.5
11.1
7.7
7.3
6.7
13.5
15.7
13.5
13.3
11.2
6.2
7.8
5.8
5.7
5.0
6.4
8.5
5.7
5.5
4.7
6.1
6.8
6.0
6.0
5.4
4.6
5.3
4.1
4.2
3.5
5.9
7.3
6.3
6.2
5.7
2.4
3.3
3.0
2.7
2.6
5.1
6.2
5.5
5.7
5.3
2.4
2.5
2.1
2.2
2.1
1965.....................................
1966.....................................
1967.....................................
1968.....................................
1969.....................................
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
4.3
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.3
7.5
6.6
6.9
6.3
6.0
4.6
3.8
3.9
3.6
3.5
5.3
3.5
3.4
3.1
2.8
10.1
8.0
7.4
6.9
6.0
4.0
3.2
3.6
3.3
3.3
3.5
2.7
3.4
3.0
3.0
4.7
3.8
4.1
3.7
3.7
2.9
2.0
2.3
1.9
2.1
5.0
4.4
4.2
4.0
4.1
2.3
2.1
2.5
2.2
2.1
4.6
3.9
3.9
3.6
3.5
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.9
1970.....................................
1971.....................................
1972.....................................
1973.....................................
1974.....................................
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
4.8
5.7
5.3
4.5
5.3
7.5
7.9
7.7
7.0
7.5
5.2
6.2
5.7
4.9
5.7
3.1
4.0
3.2
2.9
3.0
9.7
10.4
10.3
8.9
10.7
5.6
6.8
5.6
4.4
5.8
5.7
7.0
5.5
3.9
5.4
5.4
6.5
5.8
5.0
6.3
3.2
3.8
3.5
3.0
3.3
5.3
6.4
6.4
5.7
6.5
2.8
3.3
3.4
2.7
3.1
4.7
5.6
5.3
4.8
5.2
2.2
2.9
3.0
2.7
3.0
1975.....................................
1976.....................................
1977.....................................
1978.....................................
1979.....................................
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8
8.2
7.3
6.6
5.6
5.5
10.4
11.8
11.2
8.9
9.3
9.1
7.9
7.1
5.9
5.8
4.1
4.6
3.8
4.2
4.9
18.0
15.5
12.7
10.6
10.2
10.9
7.9
6.7
5.5
5.6
11.3
7.7
6.2
5.0
5.0
10.4
8.2
7.4
6.3
6.5
5.6
5.0
4.7
3.7
3.7
8.7
8.6
8.0
6.9
6.5
4.9
4.3
3.8
3.1
3.0
7.1
7.2
6.6
5.7
5.5
4.1
4.4
4.2
3.9
3.7
1980.....................................
1981.....................................
1982.....................................
7.1
7.6
9.7
6.9
7.3
9.3
11.1
12.1
14.7
7.4
7.7
10.1
6.4
6.0
13.4
14.1
15.6
• 20.0
8.5
8.3
12.3
8.9
8.2
13.3
7.9
8.4
10.8
4.9
5.2
6.8
7.4
8.1
10.0
3.4
3.5
4.7
5.9
6.6
7.6
4.1
4.7
4.9
1948.....................................
1949.....................................
100.0
100.0
89.7
90.9
4.2
3.6
80.4
82.5
1.2
2.0
10.1
10.4
29.8
34.1
14.9
17.9
14.9
16.2
6.5
6.9
18.2
15.9
1.3
1.0
13.2
12.1
5.2
4.8
1950.....................................
1951.....................................
1952.....................................
1953.....................................
1954.....................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
90.7
90.1
90.3
90.7
91.3
4.9
3.4
3.8
4.4
3.7
80.4
81.3
81.1
80.9
83.3
1.8
1.7
1.9
2.5
3.0
10.6
10.6
11.6
12.3
10.9
29.8
30.9
30.4
29.2
34.9
14.2
13.1
14.1
13.7
20.4
15.6
17.8
16.3
15.4
14.5
5.7
4.6
5.0
4.9
6.5
17.6
18.2
17.3
17.1
15.5
1.2
1.3
1.7
1.8
1.3
13.7
14.0
13.3
13.1
11.2
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
4.2
1955.....................................
1956.....................................
1957.....................................
1958.....................................
1959.....................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
89.8
88.7
88.8
88.9
86.8
4.3
4.5
4.1
3.9
4.2
80.5
79.8
79.8
80.9
77.9
2.4
1.8
1.4
1.5
1.6
11.8
11.4
12.2
11.4
12.5
28.8
30.2
31.5
34.9
28.2
15.3
16.3
17.6
22.5
16.3
13.5
13.9
13.9
12.4
11.8
5.7
4.6
4.9
5.3
4.8
16.2
16.7
16.1
15.3
16.5
1.7
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.7
14.0
13.8
12.3
11.0
12.8
4.9
4.3
4.9
4.1
4.7
Percent D istribution
See footnote at end of table.
75
Table 29. Unemployment rates and percent distribution of the unemployed by industry,
1948-82—Continued
Experienced wage and salary workers
Item
All
civil
ian
work
ers 1
Wage and salary workers in private nonagricultural industries
Manufacturing
Total
Agri
culture
Total
Min
ing
Con
struction
Total
Dura
bles
Nondur
ables
Trans
portation
and
public
utilities
Whole
sale
and
retail
trade
Fi
nance,
insur
ance,
and
real
estate
Service
indus
tries
Govern
ment
Percent D istribution— C ontinued
1960.....................................
1961.....................................
1962.....................................
1963.....................................
1964.....................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
86.5
86.0
85.3
83.8
82.4
4.1
3.6
3.2
3.9
4.1
77.4
77.9
77.3
75.0
73.3
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.0
1.0
12.0
11.5
11.9
11.2
10.3
28.6
29.2
26.7
26.1
24.9
16.3
17.7
14.7
14.1
13.2
12.4
11.5
12.0
12.0
11.7
5.0
4.6
4.2
4.2
3.8
16.5
16.6
17.3
16.9
17.1
1.6
1.9
2.1
1.8
2.0
12.1
12.6
13.9
13.8
14.3
5.0
4.5
4.8
4.9
5.2
1965.....................................
1966.....................................
1967.....................................
1968.....................................
1969.....................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
81.0
80.8
83.6
83.7
83.8
3.4
3.1
3.2
3.1
2.7
72.0
71.0
73.5
72.8
73.0
.8
.7
.6
.6
0.5
10.8
9.9
9.1
9.2
8.3
23.0
22.6
26.2
24.7
25.0
11.3
11.3
14.2
13.2
13.6
11.7
11.3
12.0
11.5
11.5
3.5
3.1
3.6
3.4
3.8
17.3
18.3
17.6
18.3
18.9
2.0
2.1
2.8
2.7
2.6
14.4
14.3
14.5
15.1
14.8
5.7
6.7
7.1
7.7
8.1
1970.....................................
1971.....................................
1972.....................................
1973.....................................
1974.....................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
86.2
85.7
84.4
83.5
85.1
2.3
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.1
77.0
76.0
74.0
72.5
74.5
.4
.5
.4
.4
.4
9.3
8.5
9.2
9.3
9.4
29.2
28.0
23.7
21.5
24.4
17.6
16.8
13.4
11.5
13.7
11.6
11.2
10.3
10.1
10.8
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.1
17.9
18.9
20.4
20.5
20.5
2.5
2.6
2.8
2.7
2.7
14.0
14.1
14.1
14.7
13.9
9.6
7.7
8.3
8.8
8.6
1975.....................................
1976.....................................
1977.....................................
1978.....................................
1979.....................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
87.9
86.3
84.6
84.1
85.0
1.9
2.4
2.4
2.2
2.4
78.3
74.4
72.5
71.6
72.7
.4
.5
.5
.6
.7
10.2
9.4
8.5
8.5
8.8
29.5
23.0
21.1
20.1
21.3
18.1
13.4
11.5
10.7
11.5
11.4
9.7
9.6
9.4
9.8
3.5
3.3
3.5
3.2
3.4
18.8
20.6
21.1
20.9
20.4
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.7
13.1
14.9
15.2
15.7
15.5
7.8
9.4
9.7
10.3
9.9
1980.....................................
1981.....................................
1982.....................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
86.9
86.2
86.9
2.3
2.4
2.4
75.8
74.5
76.9
.8
.8
1.4
9.7
9.8
9.7
26.2
23.1
26.0
16.6
13.8
16.7
9.6
9.4
9.2
3.7
3.7
3.7
18.9
19.4
19.3
2.5
2.4
2.6
14.0
15.2
14.2
8.9
9.3
7.5
1 Also includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and those with
no previous work experience, not shown separately.
76
Table 30. Unemployed persons and percent distribution of the unemployed by duration, 1948-82
15 weeks and over
Item
Total
Less
than 5
weeks
5 and 6
weeks
7 to 10
weeks
11 to 14
weeks
Total
15 to 26
weeks
27
weeks
and
over
Average
(mean)
duration
Median
duration
NUMBER UNEMPLOYED (thousands)
1948..............................................................
1949..............................................................
2,276
3,637
1,300
1,756
208
309
297
555
164
331
309
684
193
428
116
256
8.6
10.0
C)
C)
1950..............................................................
1951..............................................................
1952..............................................................
1953..............................................................
1954..............................................................
3,288
2,055
1,883
1,834
3,532
1,450
1,177
1,135
1,142
1,605
275
169
168
149
306
479
252
223
209
504
301
153
126
124
305
782
303
232
210
812
425
166
148
132
495
357
137
84
79
317
12.1
9.7
8.4
8.0
11.8
(')
(’ )
(')
(‘ )
(*)
1955..............................................................
1956..............................................................
1957..............................................................
1958..............................................................
1959..............................................................
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740
1,335
1,412
1,408
1,753
1,585
230
234
258
363
304
368
360
392
596
474
217
211
240
438
335
702
533
560
1,452
1,040
366
301
321
785
469
336
232
239
667
571
13.0
11.3
10.5
13.9
14.4
(*>
(’ )
(*)
(*)
(*)
1960..............................................................
1961..............................................................
1962..............................................................
1963..............................................................
1964..............................................................
3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
1,719
1,806
1,663
1,751
1,697
324
377
334
358
314
499
587
478
519
483
353
411
323
354
319
957
1,532
1,119
1,088
973
502
728
534
535
491
454
804
585
553
482
12.8
15.6
14.7
14.0
13.3
(*)
(')
(')
(')
(*)
1965..............................................................
1966..............................................................
1967..............................................................
1968..............................................................
1969..............................................................
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832
1,628
1,573
1,634
1,594
1,629
286
242
278
247
263
422
335
397
367
364
276
201
218
197
200
755
526
448
412
375
404
287
271
256
242
351
239
177
156
133
11.8
10.4
8.7
8.4
7.8
(*)
(l )
2.3
4.5
4.4
1970..............................................................
1971..............................................................
1972..............................................................
1973..............................................................
1974..............................................................
4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
2,139
2,245
2,242
2,224
2,604
394
458
429
396
471
565
690
670
585
702
331
437
372
335
424
663
1,187
1,167
826
955
428
668
601
483
574
235
519
566
343
381
8.6
11.3
12.0
10.0
9.8
4.9
6.3
6.2
5.2
5.2
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137
2,940
2,844
2,919
2,865
2,950
664
606
590
552
558
1,097
956
950
862
879
722
634
593
511
510
2,505
2,366
1,942
1,414
1,214
1,303
1,018
913
766
706
1,203
1,348
1,028
648
535
14.2
15.8
14.3
11.9
10.8
8.4
8.2
7.0
5.9
5.4
1980..............................................................
1981..............................................................
1982..............................................................
7,637
8,273
10,678
3,295
3,449
3,883
696
711
847
1,089
1,141
1,465
686
687
999
1,871
2,285
3,485
1,052
1,122
1,708
820
1,162
1,776
11.9
13.7
15.6
6.5
6.9
8.7
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
1948..............................................................
1949..............................................................
100.0
100.0
57.2
48.3
9.1
8.5
13.0
15.3
7.2
9.1
13.6
18.8
8.5
11.8
5.1
7.0
—
—
1950..............................................................
1951..............................................................
1952..............................................................
1953..............................................................
1954..............................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.1
57.3
60.2
62.2
45.5
8.4
8.2
8.9
8.1
8.7
14.6
12.3
11.8
11.4
14.3
9.2
7.4
6.7
6.8
8.6
23.8
14.7
12.3
11.5
23.0
12.9
8.1
7.9
7.2
14.0
10.9
6.7
4.5
4.3
9.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
1955..............................................................
1956..............................................................
1957..............................................................
1958..............................................................
1959..............................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
46.8
51.3
49.3
38.1
42.4
8.1
8.5
9.0
7.9
8.1
12.9
12.1
13.7
13.0
12.7
7.6
7.7
8.4
9.5
9.0
24.6
19.4
19.6
31.6
27.8
12.9
10.9
11.2
17.1
12.5
11.8
8.4
8.4
14.5
15.3
—
—
1960..............................................................
1961..............................................................
1962..............................................................
1963..............................................................
1964..............................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.6
38.3
42.4
43.0
44.8
8.4
8.0
8.5
8.8
8.3
13.0
12.5
12.2
12.8
12.8
9.2
8.7
8.3
8.7
8.4
24.8
32.5
28.6
26.7
25.7
13.0
15.4
13.6
13.1
12.9
11.8
17.1
15.0
13.6
12.7
See footnote at end of table.
77
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Table 30. Unemployed persons and percent distribution of the unemployed by duration, 1948-82
—Continued
15 weeks and over
Item
Total
Less
than 5
weeks
5 and 6
weeks
7 to 10
weeks
11 to
14
weeks
Total
15 to
26
weeks
27
weeks
and
over
Average
(mean)
duration
Median
duration
PERCENT D ISTR IB U TIO N — C ontinued
1965..............................................................
1966..............................................................
1967..............................................................
1968..............................................................
1969..............................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.4
54.7
54.9
56.6
57.5
8.5
8.4
9.3
8.8
9.3
12.5
11.7
13.3
13.0
12.9
8.2
7.0
7.3
7.0
7.1
22.4
18.3
15.1
14.6
13.3
12.0
10.0
9.1
9.1
8.5
10.4
8.3
5.9
5.5
4.7
1970..............................................................
1971..............................................................
1972..............................................................
1973 ..............................................................
1974..............................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
52.3
44.7
45.9
51.0
50.6
9.6
9.1
8.8
9.1
9.1
13.9
13.8
13.7
13.4
13.6
8.1
8.7
7.6
7.7
8.2
16.2
23.7
23.9
18.8
18.5
10.4
13.3
12.3
11.0
11.1
5.7
10.4
11.6
7.8
7.4
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
37.0
38.3
41.7
46.2
48.1
8.4
8.2
8.4
8.9
9.1
13.8
12.9
13.6
13.9
14.3
9.1
8.6
8.5
8.3
8.3
31.7
32.1
27.9
22.8
20.2
16.5
13.8
13.1
12.3
11.5
15.2
18.3
14.8
10.5
8.7
1980...............................................................
1981..............................................................
1982..............................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
43.1
41.7
36.4
9.1
8.6
7.9
14.3
13.8
13.7
9.0
8.3
9.4
24.6
27.6
32.6
13.8
13.6
16.0
10.8
14.0
16.6
1Not available.
78
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
_
—
—
—
—
Table 31. Unemployed persons and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and reason for
unemployment, 1967-82
Unemployment rate
Number unemployed (thousands)
Entrants
Entrants
Item
Total
Job
losers
Job
leavers
Total
Reen
trants
New
workers
Total
Job
losers
Job
leavers
Total
Reen
trants
New
workers
TO TA L
1967..................................................
1968..................................................
1969..................................................
2,975
2,817
2,832
1,229
1,070
1,017
438
431
436
1,341
1,316
1,378
945
909
965
396
407
413
3.8
3.6
3.5
1.6
1.4
1.2
0.5
.5
.5
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.2
1.2
1.2
0.5
.5
.5
1970..................................................
1971..................................................
1972..................................................
1973..................................................
1974..................................................
4,093
5,016
4,882
4,365
5,156
1,811
2,323
2,108
1,694
2,242
550
590
641
683
768
1,732
2,102
2,133
1,989
2,144
1,228
1,472
1,456
1,340
1,463
504
630
677
649
681
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
2.2
2.8
2.4
1.9
2.4
.7
.7
.7
.8
.8
2.1
2.5
2.4
2.2
2.3
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.6
.6
.7
.8
.7
.7
1975..................................................
1976..................................................
1977..................................................
1978..................................................
1979..................................................
7,929
7,406
6,991
6,202
6,137
4,386
3,679
3,166
2,585
2,635
827
903
909
874
880
2,715
2,823
2,916
2,742
2,623
1,892
1,928
1,963
1,857
1,806
823
895
953
885
817
8.5
7.7
7.1
6.1
5.8
4.7
3.8
3.2
2.5
2.5
.9
.9
.9
.8
.8
2.9
2.9
3.0
2.7
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.8
1.7
.9
.9
1.0
.9
.8
1980..................................................
1981..................................................
1982..................................................
7,637
8,273
10,678
3,947
4,267
6,268
891
923
840
2,799
3,083
3,569
1,927
2,102
2,384
872
981
1,185
7.1
7.6
9.7
3.7
3.9
5.7
.8
.8
.8
2.6
2.8
3.3
1.8
1.9
2.2
.8
.9
1.1
1967..................................................
1968..................................................
1969..................................................
839
838
853
151
130
127
95
97
101
614
611
626
297
281
295
317
330
331
12.9
12.7
12.2
2.3
2.0
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.5
9.4
9.2
9.0
4.6
4.2
4.2
4.9
5.0
4.8
1970..................................................
1971..................................................
1972..................................................
1973..................................................
1974..................................................
1,106
1,262
1,308
1,235
1,422
200
233
248
212
280
126
117
129
146
173
779
911
931
877
969
378
410
395
364
436
401
501
536
513
533
15.3
16.9
16.2
14.5
16.0
2.8
3.1
3.1
2.4
3.1
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.7
2.0
10.7
12.2
11.5
10.3
10.9
5.2
5.5
4.9
4.3
4.9
5.5
6.7
6.6
6.0
6.0
1975..................................................
1976..................................................
1977..................................................
1978..................................................
1979..................................................
1,767
1,719
1,663
1,583
1,555
450
387
318
300
319
155
153
156
167
184
1,163
1,179
1,188
1,115
1,051
529
496
477
455
452
634
683
711
660
599
19.9
19.0
17.8
16.4
16.1
5.1
4.3
3.4
3.1
3.3
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.9
13.1
13.0
12.7
11.5
10.9
6.0
5.5
5.1
4.7
4.7
7.1
7.5
7.6
6.8
6.2
1980..................................................
1981..................................................
1982..................................................
1,669
1,763
1,977
388
385
460
156
162
134
1,124
915
1,383
481
487
509
643
428
874
17.8
19.6
23.2
4.1
4.3
5.4
1.7
1.8
1.6
12.0
13.5
16.2
5.1
5.4
6.0
6.9
8.1
10.2
1967..................................................
1968..................................................
1969..................................................
1,060
993
963
678
599
556
165
167
164
219
227
243
194
205
216
25
22
27
2.3
2.2
2.1
1.5
1.3
1.2
.4
.4
.4
.5
.5
.6
.4
.4
.5
.1
.1
.1
1970..................................................
1971..................................................
1972..................................................
1973..................................................
1974..................................................
1,638
2,097
1,948
1,624
1,957
1,066
1,391
1,219
959
1,276
209
239
248
258
276
362
468
480
406
404
318
411
420
350
356
44
57
60
56
48
3.5
4.4
4.0
3.3
3.8
2.2
2.9
2.5
1.9
2.5
.4
.5
.5
.5
.5
.8
1.0
1.0
.8
.8
.7
.9
.9
.7
.7
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
1975..................................................
1976..................................................
1977..................................................
1978..................................................
1979..................................................
3,476
3,098
2,794
2,328
2,308
2,598
2,167
1,816
1,433
1,464
298
323
335
337
325
582
604
643
557
519
506
521
540
471
446
76
86
103
86
73
6.8
5.9
5.2
4.3
4.2
5.0
4.1
3.4
2.6
2.5
.6
.6
.6
.6
.6
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.1
.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
.9
.8
.1
.2
.2
.2
.1
1980..................................................
1981..................................................
1982..................................................
3,353
3,615
5,089
2,389
2,565
3,965
359
356
327
606
694
797
516
592
678
90
102
119
5.9
6.3
8.8
4.2
4.5
6.8
.6
.6
.6
1.1
1.2
1.4
.9
1.0
1.2
.2
.2
.2
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Men, 20 years and over
See footnotes at end of table.
79
Table 31. Unemployed persons and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and reason for
unemployment, 1967-82—Continued
Number unemployed (thousands)
Item
Total
Job
losers
Unemployment rate 1
Entrants
Job
leavers
Total
Reen
trants
Entrants
New
workers
Total
Job
losers
Job
leavers
Total
Reen
trants
New
workers
W om en, 20 years and over
1967..................................................
1968..................................................
1969..................................................
1,078
985
1,015
401
341
335
179
167
171
508
477
510
454
422
455
54
55
55
4.2
3.8
3.7
1.6
1.3
1.2
0.7
.6
.6
2.0
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.7
0.2
.2
.2
1970..................................................
1971..................................................
1972..................................................
1973..................................................
1974..................................................
1,349
1,658
1,625
1,507
1,777
546
700
641
522
685
214
235
264
280
319
589
723
721
705
773
531
651
641
625
673
58
72
80
80
100
4.8
5.7
5.4
4.9
5.5
1.9
2.5
2.2
1.6
2.1
.8
.8
.9
.9
1.0
2.1
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.4
1.9
2.3
2.1
2.0
2.1
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
1975..................................................
1976..................................................
1977..................................................
1978..................................................
1979..................................................
2,684
2,588
2,535
2,292
2,276
1,339
1,124
1,031
852
851
375
427
419
371
370
972
1,038
1,085
1,068
1,053
858
912
945
930
908
114
126
140
138
145
8.0
7.4
7.0
6.0
5.7
4.0
3.2
2.8
2.3
2.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.0
.9
2.9
3.0
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.4
2.3
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
1980..................................................
1981..................................................
1982..................................................
2,615
2,895
3,613
1,170
1,317
1,844
376
404
379
1,069
1,174
1,389
930
1,023
1,197
139
151
192
6.4
6.8
8.3
2.8
3.1
4.2
.9
1.0
.9
2.6
2.8
3.1
2.3
2.4
2.7
.3
.4
.4
1967..................................................
1968..................................................
1969..................................................
2,338
2,226
2,260
987
849
816
347
346
357
1,033
1,031
1,088
740
718
767
293
313
321
3.4
3.2
3.1
1.4
1.2
1.1
.5
.5
.5
1.5
1.5
1.5
1.1
1.0
1.1
.4
.5
.4
1970...................................... ;..........
1971..................................................
1972..................................................
1973..................................................
1974..................................................
3,339
4,085
3,906
3,442
4,097
1,503
1,928
1,719
1,371
1,813
456
486
531
557
641
1,379
1,671
1,656
1,512
1,643
983
1,179
1,136
1,032
1,145
396
492
520
480
498
4.5
5.4
5.1
4.3
5.0
1.1
2.1
2.5
2.3
1.7
.5
.6
.6
.7
.7
1.5
1.8
2.2
2.1
1.9
1.1
1.3
1.6
1.5
1.3
.4
.5
.7
.7
.6
1975..................................................
1976..................................................
1977..................................................
1978..................................................
1979..................................................
6,421
5,914
5,441
4,698
4,664
3,593
2,999
2,529
2,008
2,033
706
766
771
723
730
2,123
2,148
2,142
1,967
1,900
1,508
1,484
1,467
1,369
1,338
615
664
675
598
562
7.8
7.0
6.2
5.2
5.1
4.3
3.6
2.9
2.3
2.2
.8
.9
.9
.8
.8
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.2
2.1
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.5
.7
.8
.8
.7
.6
1980..................................................
1981..................................................
1982..................................................
5,884
6,343
8,241
3,100
3,335
4,949
733
758
698
2,050
2,249
2,594
1,447
1,565
1,785
603
684
809
6.3
6.7
8.6
3.3
3.5
5.2
.8
.8
.7
2.1
2.3
2.7
1.5
1.6
1.9
.6
.7
.8
1972..................................................
1973..................................................
1974..................................................
906
846
965
452
401
495
5
4
6
449
440
463
299
287
295
150
153
168
10.4
9.4
10.5
5.2
4.5
5.4
.1
(2)
.1
5.2
4.9
5.0
3.4
3.2
3.2
1.7
1.7
1.8
1975..................................................
1976..................................................
1977..................................................
1978..................................................
1979..................................................
1,369
1,334
1,393
1,330
1,319
824
717
690
632
659
5
10
7
9
6
540
607
698
690
655
353
401
447
433
427
187
206
251
257
228
14.8
14.0
14.0
12.8
12.3
8.9
7.5
6.9
6.1
6.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
5.8
6.3
7.0
6.6
6.1
3.8
4.2
4.5
4.2
4.0
2.0
2.2
2.5
2.5
2.1
1980..................................................
1981..................................................
1982..................................................
1,553
1,731
2,142
879
972
1,279
11
12
63
747
852
424
479
524
239
268
328
14.3
15.6
18.9
8.1
8.8
11.3
.1
.1
.1
6.1
6.7
7.5
3.9
4.3
4.6
2.2
2.4
2.9
W HITE
BLACK
I____ I__ 1
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Less than 0.05 percent.
80
Table 32. Long-term unemployment compared with total unemployment by sex, age, and race,
1969-82
[Numbers in thousands]
Item
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1982
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
8,273 10,678
100.0 100.0
Total unemployed
Total:
Number.........................................
Percent.........................................
2,831
100.0
4,093
100.0
5,016
100.0
4,882
100.0
4,365
100.0
5,156
100.0
7,929
100.0
7,406
100.0
6,991
100.0
6,202
100.0
6,137
100.0
7,637
100.0
Men......................................................
16 to 19 years.............................
16 to 17 years......................
18 to 19 years......................
20 to 24 years.............................
25 to 44 years.............................
45 to 64 years.............................
65 years and over.......................
49.6
15.6
8.6
7.0
9.5
12.7
10.0
1.7
54.7
14./’
7.5
7.2
11.7
15.7
10.9
1.7
55.6
13.8
6.9
6.9
12.7
16.6
11.1
1.4
54.5
14.6
7.3
7.3
12.8
15.2
10.3
1.5
52.0
15.0
8.1
6.9
11.9
14.7
9.0
1.3
52.6
14.8
7.7
7.1
12.4
15.6
8.6
1.2
56.0
12.2
5.6
6.6
13.5
18.7
10.2
1.3
54.4
12.7
6.0
6.7
12.7
18.0
9.7
1.3
52.3
12.6
6.0
6.5
12.3
17.6
8.4
1.4
50.4
13.2
6.9
6.3
12.1
15.9
7.9
1.3
50.6
13.3
6.4
6.9
11.8
16.5
7.9
11.2
55.8
12.0
5.6
6.4
13.9
21.1
8.1
.8
55.3
11.6
5.2
6.4
13.8
21.3
7.9
.7
57.9
10.2
4.4
5.8
13.2
25.0
8.8
.6
Women.................................................
16 to 19 years.............................
16 to 17 years.....................
18 to 19 years.....................
20 to 24 years.............................
25 to 44 years.............................
45 to 64 years.............................
65 years and over.......................
50.4
14.6
6.8
7.8
10.2
15.9
8.9
.8
45.3
12.4
5.7
6.7
9.4
14.4
8.3
.8
44.4
11.3
5.0
6.4
9.7
14.5
8.0
.8
45.5
12.3
5.7
6.6
10.3
14.4
7.8
.8
48.0
13.4
6.5
7.0
10.9
15.2
7.6
.7
47.4
13.0
5.9
7.1
10.9
15.3
7.5
.7
44.0
10.2
4.5
5.7
9.8
15.6
7.8
.7
45.6
10.6
4.8
5.8
10.2
16.4
7.6
.7
47.7
11.4
5.2
6.2
10.7
17.1
7.8
.7
49.5
12.6
6.0
6.6
11.4
17.9
6.9
.7
49.4
12.3
5.7
6.6
11.3
18.3
6.9
6.4
44.2
10.0
4.6
5.4
9.8
17.6
6.3
.5
44.7
9.7
4.2
5.4
10.1
18.3
6.7
.5
42.1
8.3
3.4
4.9
9.2
18.0
6.3
.4
White...................................................
Men...............................................
Women.........................................
79.9
40.2
39.7
81.6
45.4
36.2
81.6
46.1
35.5
80.2
44.6
35.6
79.2
42.2
37.0
79.9
42.3
37.6
81.4
45.9
35.4
80.3
44.2
36.1
78.4
41.5
36.9
76.4
39.1
37.3
76.8
39.5
37.3
77.7
44.2
33.6
76.7
43.3
33.4
77.2
45.4
31.8
Black....................................................
Men...............................................
Women.........................................
(l )
(*)
(*)
18.5
9.1
9.3
19.3
9.0
10.3
18.6
9.5
9.0
17.1
9.3
7.9
17.9
9.3
8.5
19.8
9.9
9.9
21.3
10.2
11.1
21.3
10.2
11.1
19.6
10.3
9.3
20.9
10.8
10.2
20.1
10.9
9.1
SEX AN D AGE
RACE A ND SEX
(M
(>)
(*>
(‘ )
n
(*)
Unemployed 15 weeks and over
Total:
Number.........................................
Percent.........................................
375
100.0
663
100.0
1,187
100.0
1,167
100.0
826
100.0
955
100.0
2,505
100.0
2,366
100.0
1,942
100.0
1,414
100.0
1,241
100.0
1,871
100.0
2,285
100.0
3,485
100.0
Men......................................................
16 to 19 years.............................
16 to 17 years.....................
18 to 19 years.....................
20 to 24 years.............................
25 to 44 years.............................
45 to 64 years.............................
65 years and over.......................
54.0
9.1
4.8
4.3
7.5
15.2
18.4
3.7
60.1
9.2
4.5
4.7
10.0
18.9
17.8
4.2
62.1
9.3
4.1
5.2
12.1
21.2
16.8
2.7
61.7
9.1
4.0
5.1
12.6
20.5
16.6
2.9
59.2
9.0
4.2
4.8
11.9
20.9
14.9
2.5
60.4
11.0
4.5
6.5
12.2
20.0
14.7
2.6
61.5
7.7
2.7
5.0
14.9
23.1
13.6
2.1
60.5
7.4
2.6
4.8
13.3
22.6
15.2
2.0
58.8
7.6
2.9
4.7
12.8
22.8
11.8
2.1
58.0
8.2
3.1
5.1
12.7
21.5
13.3
2.4
57.8
8.2
3.1
5.2
11.5
22.7
13.6
1.9
63.8
7.7
3.1
4.6
14.6
28.7
11.9
.8
62.8
8.0
2.7
5.3
15.4
27.5
11.1
.8
64.4
6.9
2.2
4.6
13.9
31.1
11.8
.7
Women.................................................
16 to 19 years.............................
16 to 17 years......................
18 to 19 years......................
20 to 24 years.............................
25 to 44 years.............................
45 to 64 years.............................
65 years and over.......................
46.0
8.6
3.2
5.3
7.2
15.8
12.8
1.6
39.9
7.1
3.2
3.9
6.9
14.0
10.6
1.2
37.9
5.8
1.9
3.8
7.1
14.2
9.8
1.0
38.4
6.6
2.5
4.1
6.8
13.4
10.3
1.4
40.8
7.8
3.0
4.8
8.0
13.8
10.2
1.0
39.6
7.4
3.0
4.4
8.2
12.9
10.0
1.2
38.5
5.1
2.0
3.1
7.7
15.4
9.2
1.0
39.5
5.4
1.9
3.5
7.8
15.5
9.7
1.2
41.2
5.8
2.3
3.6
8.3
16.3
9.8
1.2
42.0
6.7
2.5
4.1
8.8
16.8
8.7
.9
42.3
6.1
2.2
3.9
9.4
18.0
8.2
.6
36.2
4.6
1.6
3.0
7.1
16.8
7.1
.5
37.2
5.2
1.8
3.3
7.3
17.3
7.1
.4
35.6
4.5
1.3
3.3
7.2
16.7
6.8
.4
White....................................................
Men...............................................
Women.........................................
78.9
44.5
34.4
81.3
50.0
31.3
80.9
51.1
30.0
80.6
50.5
30.1
77.1
46.9
30.2
77.6
46.9
30.7
80.3
49.7
30.7
80.2
48.6
31.6
77.4
45.3
32.1
72.2
42.1
30.0
72.9
42.9
30.0
75.5
49.2
26.2
73.2
47.3
25.9
74.9
49.3
25.6
Black....................................................
Men...............................................
Women.........................................
C)
(')
(>>
(‘ )
(*)
(>)
17.9
10.0
7.7
21.9
11.7
10.1
21.2
12.7
8.5
18.1
11.0
7.1
18.2
10.9
7.2
21.0
12.5
8.6
25.5
14.4
11.0
25.4
13.9
11.5
22.1
13.0
9.1
24.3
14.0
10.4
22.8
13.6
9.2
SEX AND AGE
RACE A ND SEX
(*)
C)
(l >
See footnote at end of table.
81
Table 32. Long-term unemployment compared with total unemployment by sex, age, and race,
1969-82—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Item
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
Unemployed 27 weeks and over
Total:
Number.........................................
Percent.........................................
133
100.0
235
100.0
519
100.0
566
100.0
343
100.0
381
100.0
1,203
100.0
1,348
100.0
1,028
100.0
648
100.0
535
100.0
820
100.0
1,162
100.0
1,176
100.0
Men......................................................
16 to 19 years.............................
16 to 17 years.....................
18 to 19 years.....................
20 to 24 years.............................
25 to 44 years.............................
45 to 64 years.............................
65 years and over.......................
56.1
5.3
2.3
3.0
6.1
16.7
22.7
5.3
62.4
5.5
3.4
2.1
9.3
20.3
21.5
5.9
62.3
7.2
2.7
4.4
1.0
21.3
19.3
3.5
62.3
6.9
3.0
3.9
10.9
21.9
18.9
3.7
61.4
7.2
3.0
4.2
10.9
21.9
18.9
3.3
63.0
8.0
2.9
5.1
10.2
23.1
18.0
3.5
62.9
5.5
1.6
3.9
13.8
24.6
16.3
2.7
61.5
5.1
1.7
3.4
12.6
24.2
17.7
1.9
60.9
5.9
2.1
3.9
12.2
23.9
15.9
2.9
59.4
6.2
2.4
3.9
11.1
22.3
16.6
3.5
59.7
7.1
2.5
4.8
9.1
24.7
16.4
2.3
64.8
5.2
2.1
3.1
14.3
30.0
14.1
1.1
66.3
6.5
2.1
4.5
15.1
30.6
13.0
.9
66.6
5.8
1.7
4.1
13.2
33.2
13.8
.7
Women.................................................
16 and 19 years..........................
16 to 17 years.....................
18 to 19 years.....................
20 to 24 years.............................
25 to 44 years.............................
45 to 64 years.............................
65 years and over.......................
43.9
8.3
2.3
6.1
6.1
15.2
12.9
1.5
37.6
4.2
1.3
3.0
5.9
13.9
11.8
1.7
37.9
5.0
1.5
3.5
6.0
14.1
11.4
1.4
37.7
4.3
1.3
2.5
6.0
14.1
11.7
1.6
38.6
6.6
1.8
4.8
6.9
12.3
11.7
1.2
37.0
5.4
2.1
3.2
7.0
11.3
11.8
1.3
37.1
3.7
1.5
2.2
6.6
14.8
10.6
1.5
38.5
4.0
1.3
2.8
7.0
15.1
11.1
1.3
39.0
4.4
1.7
2.8
7.2
15.8
10.3
1.5
40.6
5.5
1.7
3.9
7.7
16.7
9.3
1.1
40.3
5.0
1.7
3.3
8.7
16.4
10.0
.6
35.0
3.9
1.2
2.6
6.9
15.8
7.9
.6
33.8
3.8
1.1
2.7
6.1
15.9
7.5
.5
33.4
3.2
.7
2.4
6.5
16.2
7.1
.3
78.2
45.9
32.3
80.0
52.3
27.7
81.4
51.8
29.8
81.5
51.3
30.1
77.2
49.1
28.1
77.2
49.3
27.9
80.3
50.5
29.8
79.6
49.1
30.4
76.7
47.1
29.7
69.8
42.2
27.6-
69.3
42.1
27.2
73.1
48.6
24.3
71.0
48.0
23.0
72.7
49.2
23.5
( ')
( ')
(*)
(*)
(l )
17.1
10.1
6.9
22.0
11.9
10.1
22.0
13.1
8.8
18.4
11.7
6.7
18.9
11.5
7.4
21.9
13.0
9.0
28.0
15.6
12.2
29.2
16.6
12.4
24.5
14.6
9.8
26.6
16.4
10.1
38.1
24.1
13.9
SEX AN D AGE
RACE AND SEX
White....................................................
Men...............................................
Women.........................................
Black....................................................
Men...............................................
Women.........................................
(M
(>)
(*)
(M
1Not available.
82
Table 33. Long-term unemployment by industry and occupation, 1969-82
[Numbers in thousands]
Industry and occupation
1969
1970
19711 19721 1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
—
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
Unemployed 15 weeks and over
Total:
Number.................................................................
Percent..................................................................
375
663
100.0 100.0
1,187
100.0
1,167
826
955 2,505 2,366 1,942 1,414 1,241 1,871 2,285 3,485
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
INDUSTRY
3.2
87.0
85.1
.8
9.0
28.6
16.4
12.2
4.0
18.0
21.5
3.2
1.9
9.8
2.1
88.4
87.0
.3
10.6
34.9
22.4
12.6
3.8
15.7
18.9
2.7
1.4
9.5
1.3
90.1
88.3
.6
8.1
36.4
24.9
11.5
3.7
18.2
18.7
2.6
1.8
8.6
1.3
89.0
87.6
.5
10.0
31.8
20.1
11.7
4.4
18.0
20.3
2.3
1.4
9.7
1.8
86.8
85.2
.5
10.7
25.2
14.2
11.1
4.6
19.1
22.3
2.8
1.6
11.3
1.7
87.2
86.1
.3
10.5
26.3
14.7
11.5
4.3
20.4
20.9
3.5
1.1
11.1
1.3
92.3
90.9
.2
11.8
36.1
23.7
12.4
4.4
17.5
18.2
2.7
1.4
6.4
1.8
90.9
89.6
.6
10.9
29.1
18.5
10.6
4.5
19.5
20.7
3.5
1.3
7.4
1.9
88.1
86.8
.4
10.0
24.6
14.4
10.2
4.4
20.4
23.4
3.6
1.3
10.0
1.6
87.4
85.7
.6
8.8
24.5
14.4
10.1
4.4
19.4
24.0
4.1
1.7
10.9
1.5
88.6
86.6
.9
9.2
25.1
14.4
10.7
4.8
18.3
23.9
4.2
2.0
10.0
1.5
91.0
89.5
.9
10.9
34.0
23.1
10.8
5.0
16.7
18.4
3.7
1.5
7.5
1.6
89.6
87.7
.9
10.9
28.8
18.6
10.2
4.8
17.1
20.7
4.1
1.9
8.8
1.8
90.4
88.6
1.5
10.8
31.4
21.8
9.6
4.7
17.4
19.9
3.0
1.8
7.8
Professional and technical workers.............................
5.6
Managers and administrators, except farm................
4.0
Sales workers................................................................
5.3
Clerical workers............................................................. 13.3
Craft and kindred workers............................................. 8.8
Operatives...................................................................... 27.7
—
Operatives, except transport.................................
—
Transport equipment operatives...........................
Nonfarm laborers..........................................................
8.3
Private household workers............................................
1.9
Service workers, excluding private household........... 12.8
Farmers and farm managers........................................
.3
Farm laborers and supervisors.....................................
2.1
Persons with no previous work experience................
9.9
7.0
3.6
4.1
13.5
12.0
27.7
8.5
3.8
4.2
13.4
12.1
27.8
6.7
4.4
4.7
14.6
12.2
24.7
20.8
3.9
9.8
.8
11.6
—
.9
9.7
7.4
4.2
4.9
13.3
11.7
22.0
18.1
3.9
9.5
1.0
13.3
.1
1.2
11.3
6.5
4.9
4.6
14.5
11.2
22.4
18.1
4.3
9.9
.7
13.0
—
1.1
11.1
5.4
4.5
4.1
13.6
14.5
28.7
24.4
4.3
10.5
.5
11.1
—
.6
6.4
6.6
5.6
3.9
14.8
13.8
23.3
19.0
4.3
9.9
.5
13.1
6.9
5.8
4.7
14.9
11.9
20.8
16.7
4.1
9.5
.5
13.6
.1
1.4
10.0
7.4
5.3
4.1
14.1
11.6
21.2
17.3
3.9
9.3
.7
14.0
7.3
5.7
4.0
13.5
11.2
22.2
18.1
4.2
10.1
.7
14.4
.1
.9
10.0
5.2
4.4
3.6
11.5
13.6
29.1
23.6
5.6
11.5
.4
12.1
—
1.0
7.5
5.4
4.3
3.3
12.9
13.9
25.8
20.8
5.0
11.0
.4
13.4
—
1.2
8.8
5.3
4.3
3.5
11.6
14.5
27.3
22.0
5.3
11.0
.5
12.9
.3
1.1
7.8
Agriculture......................................................................
Nonagricultural industries..............................................
Wage and salary workers......................................
Mining..............................................................
Construction....................................................
Manufacturing..................................................
Durable goods.........................................
Nondurable goods...................................
Transportation and public utilities.................
Wholesale and retail trade............................
Finance and services.....................................
Public administration......................................
Self-employed and unpaid family workers..........
Persons with no previous work experience................
O CCUPATIO N
—
—
9.5
.9
11.6
.2
1.8
9.5
—
—
9.0
.7
11.1
—
.8
8.6
—
1.1
7.4
—
1.2
10.9
Unemployed 27 weeks and over
Total:
Number................................................................... 133
235
Percent.................................................................... 100.0 100.0
519
100.0
820 1,162 1,776
566
343
381 1,203 1,348 1,028
648
535
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
INDUSTRY
Agriculture......................................................................
Nonagricultural industries..............................................
Wage and salary workers......................................
Mining..............................................................
Construction...................................................
Manufacturing..................................................
Durable goods.........................................
Nondurable goods...................................
Transportation and public utilities.................
Wholesale and retail trad e............................
Finance and services.....................................
Public administration......................................
Self-employed and unpaid family workers...........
Persons with no previous work experience................
1.5
88.7
85.7
.8
6.8
28.6
15.8
12.8
5.3
19.5
21.1
3.8
3.0
9.8
1.7
90.3
88.2
.4
7.2
37.6
24.1
13.5
5.1
14.3
21.1
3.0
1.7
8.0
1.0
90.7
88.2
.6
6.4
38.1
27.1
11.0
3.7
17.2
19.0
3.3
2.5
8.3
1.2
89.7
88.3
.7
7.1
34.2
23.1
11.0
5.3
17.4
21.4
2.1
1.6
8.9
1.2
86.9
84.8
.6
8.9
26.2
15.8
10.7
4.8
19.0
22.0
3.3
2.1
11.9
1.6
86.9
85.8
.3
8.0
27.3
15.8
11.5
4.8
19.6
20.9
4.8
1.1
11.5
1.0
93.3
91.5
.3
11.7
37.0
24.9
12.1
4.9
17.4
17.6
2.8
1.8
5.7
1.3
92.3
91.1
.5
10.9
32.1
21.4
10.7
4.8
18.3
20.1
3.4
1.3
6.4
1.6
88.6
87.4
.3
10.0
24.4
14.4
10.0
4.9
19.9
24.3
3.5
1.2
9.8
1.1
88.1
85.6
.5
7.9
24.6
14.8
9.8
4.4
18.8
25.3
4.1
2.5
10.9
0.8
88.6
85.9
.8
7.5
25.5
14.9
10.8
5.6
16.6
25.5
4.6
2.7
10.6
1.1
91.4
89.8
.7
10.2
34.8
23.8
11.0
4.7
17.5
18.3
3.5
1.6
7.5
1.2
90.6
88.6
.8
9.6
33.5
22.6
10.9
5.3
15.4
19.6
4.3
2.0
8.3
1.5
91.2
89.5
1.5
10.3
32.9
23.2
9.6
4.8
16.4
20.2
3.4
1.7
7.3
Professional and technical workers.............................
5.3
Managers and administrators except farm.................
4.5
Sales workers................................................................
6.1
Clerical workers............................................................. 15.2
Craft and kindred workers.............................................
7.6
Operatives...................................................................... 26.5
—
Operatives, except transport.................................
—
Transport equipment operatives...........................
Nonfarm laborers..........................................................
7.6
Private household workers............................................
1.5
Service workers, excluding private household............ 15.2
—
Farmers and farm managers........................................
Farm laborers and supervisors.....................................
.8
Persons with no previous work experience................
9.8
9.3
5.5
4.2
12.7
11.8
27.0
9.1
4.4
3.9
13.5
12.8
27.5
7.5
4.6
4.8
14 8
11.4
25.1
21.2
3.9
9.3
.9
11.9
—
.7
8.9
8.3
4.2
5.1
12.8
11.6
22.9
18.8
4.2
8.0
.9
13.7
—
.6
11.9
7.5
5.1
5.3
15.5
10.2
22.5
17.6
4.8
8.3
.5
12.6
—
1.1
11.5
5.4
5.4
3.8
14.2
14.6
29.0
24.7
4.3
10.3
.5
10.8
—
.3
5.7
6.4
5.5
3.7
15.1
14.1
25.2
20.5
4.7
9.7
.4
12.5
—
.8
6.4
7.5
6.4
4.7
14.2
11.9
20.7
16.7
4.0
9.5
.5
13.8
—
1.1
9.8
8.5
6.8
3.6
13.0
11.4
21.6
17.9
3.8
8.5
.6
14.1
—
.8
10.9
8.1
6.8
3.3
13.3
11.2
21.6
17.4
4.2
8.9
.8
15.1
—
.6
10.6
5.0
5.4
3.9
10.3
13.3
28.9
23.8
5.1
12.3
.5
12.1
—
.7
7.5
5.1
4.2
2.7
11.0
13.9
29.6
24.1
5.5
11.9
.3
12.2
—
.8
8.3
5.1
4.6
3.1
11.0
14.6
28.3
22.5
5.9
11.5
.5
13.1
.1
.9
7.3
O CCUPATIO N
—
—
8.4
.8
11.4
.4
1.3
8.0
—
—
8.3
.6
11.0
—
.6
8.3
1 See note on table 28 regarding comparability of occupational unemploy
ment data for 1971 and 1972 with earlier years.
83
Table 34. Unemployed job seekers by the job search methods used, sex, age, and race, 1972-82
Year, sex, age, and race
Total
jobseek
ers
(thou
sands)
Percent using method
Public
employ
ment
agency
Private
employ
ment
agency
Employer
directly
Friends
or
relatives
Placed or
answered
ads
Other
Average
number
of
methods
used
1972
Total...........:..............................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
4,167
1,220
1,000
713
457
393
384
28.4
18.4
32.6
33.9
35.2
31.8
27.7
8.8
5.3
10.0
10.8
12.1
10.7
7.1
71.9
78.5
72.0
70.7
67.7
66.9
62.6
13.8
13.4
12.4
15.5
13.7
13.5
16.8
26.0
20.7
28.8
27.7
29.4
28.7
25.4
6.3
3.7
4.6
6.1
7.0
10.7
13.6
1.55
1.40
1.60
1.65
1.65
1.62
1.53
Men.....................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
2,222
658
546
358
217
203
240
31.2
18.5
35.9
40.2
41.3
34.5
30.1
8.9
4.6
10.2
11.6
14.9
11.3
6.3
72.6
80.9
73.5
71.8
67.5
64.5
61.1
15.8
15.8
14.0
18.5
15.8
13.8
16.7
24.1
18.6
27.7
27.3
27.0
26.1
22.2
8.1
3.1
5.4
8.2
11.2
17.8
17.6
1.61
1.41
1.67
1.78
1.78
1.68
1.54
Women......................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
1,945
563
454
355
240
190
144
25.2
18.2
28.6
27.3
29.6
28.4
23.8
8.7
6.2
9.8
10.0
9.6
10.0
8.4
71.0
75.7
70.0
69.9
68.0
69.4
65.0
11.6
10.5
10.3
12.1
11.7
13.2
16.8
28.1
23.4
30.1
28.3
31.2
31.5
30.1
4.1
4.5
3.6
4.3
3.3
3.2
7.7
1.49
1.39
1.52
1.52
1.53
1.56
1.52
White.................................................................................
Men....................................................................................
Women............................ ..................................................
Black..........................................................................................
Men....................................................................................
Women...............................................................................
3,278
1,789
1,490
827
400
427
26.5
29.8
22.4
35.5
37.1
34.1
9.3
9.4
9.4
6.6
7.1
6.4
72.5
73.0
72.0
69.5
71.6
67.5
13.7
15.6
11.5
14.0
15.7
12.1
27.7
25.7
30.2
19.2
17.0
21.1
6.3
8.3
3.8
5.9
6.9
5.0
1.56
1.62
1.49
1.51
1.55
1.46
Total...........................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
3,764
1,159
896
709
367
335
298
26.0
17.1
30.1
32.1
31.6
28.9
23.6
7.5
4.5
8.0
11.2
8.5
9.0
7.1
71.7
79.0
72.4
69.8
66.5
65.4
59.1
14.1
14.0
14.2
13.6
12.8
14.9
15.9
26.2
22.1
28.9
28.2
27.1
27.0
25.3
6.6
3.8
4.4
6.6
8.3
11.4
16.2
1.52
1.41
1.58
1.61
1.56
1.57
1.48
Men......................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
1,917
607
458
338
167
166
180
28.5
16.6
34.6
37.2
38.7
32.9
23.5
7.4
4.0
7.6
11.9
9.7
8.4
7.3
72.8
81.5
73.6
71.1
65.5
63.4
59.8
15.8
15.3
16.8
16.2
14.7
16.2
15.1
24.6
21.0
26.7
28.6
26.7
23.9
22.3
8.7
3.8
5.0
8.8
12.7
18.6
21.8
1.58
1.42
1.64
1.74
1.68
1.63
1.49
Women......................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
1,847
552
438
371
200
169
119
23.3
17.7
25.4
27.4
25.5
25.0
23.9
7.7
4.9
8.4
10.2
8.0
8.9
6.8
70.6
76.0
70.8
68.6
67.6
67.2
59.8
12.4
12.6
11.4
11.1
11.1
14.3
17.9
27.7
23.1
31.1
27.8
29.4
30.3
29.9
4.3
3.8
3.7
4.4
4.5
3.6
8.5
1.46
1.38
1.51
1.49
1.46
1.49
1.45
White..........................................................................................
Men....................................................................................
Women...............................................................................
Black..........................................................................................
Men....................................................................................
Women...............................................................................
2,906
1,520
1,386
791
360
431
24.0
26.8
21.0
32.6
35.0
30.5
7.8
7.6
8.1
6.2
6.6
6.1
72.3
72.9
71.7
69.7
72.6
67.1
14.1
15.9
12.2
14.3
15.7
13.2
28.2
26.4
30.3
18.6
17.4
19.4
6.8
9.3
4.1
5.5
6.0
5.2
1.53
1.59
1.47
1.47
1.53
1.42
4,272
1,318
1,019
811
429
369
326
26.4
19.0
30.5
31.0
28.9
28.1
26.0
7.8
4.7
8.9
10.5
9.2
9.2
7.1
71.9
79.0
72.1
69.5
67.7
66.4
60.1
14.4
13.2
14.5
14.6
14.5
15.2
17.6
27.0
22.9
28.8
29.5
27.9
28.1
29.1
6.7
4.3
5.3
7.0
8.7
11.1
12.7
1.54
1.43
1.60
1.62
1.57
1.58
1.53
1973
1974
Total..........................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
See footnote at end of table.
84
Table 34. Unemployed job seekers by the job search methods used, sex, age, and race, 1972-82
—Continued
Year, sex, age, and race
Total
jobseek
ers
(thou
sands)
Percent using method
Public
employ
ment
agency
Private
employ
ment
agency
Employer
directly
Friends
or
relatives
Placed or
answered
ads
Other
Average
number
of
methods
used
1974— C ontinued
Men...........................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
2,189
694
529
399
192
178
196
29.5
19.7
34.5
38.1
36.4
30.1
25.6
7.8
3.9
8.5
11.8
11.1
10.0
6.7
72.3
80.3
71.7
70.1
66.7
66.4
60.0
16.9
14.3
18.1
18.9
18.6
17.3
16.9
24.8
20.6
27.9
29.2
23.9
23.4
24.6
9.3
4.7
7.2
10.2
13.7
17.4
17.4
1.61
1.43
1.68
1.78
1.71
1.65
1.51
Women.....................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
2,083
624
489
411
237
191
131
23.1
18.2
26.2
24.2
22.8
26.3
26.4
7.8
5.6
9.3
9.2
7.1
8.4
7.8
71.6
77.6
72.7
69.0
68.8
66.3
60.5
11.7
12.0
10.7
10.4
10.7
13.2
18.6
29.3
25.5
29.9
29.7
31.1
32.5
36.4
4.0
3.9
3.4
3.8
4.2
4.7
6.2
1.47
1.43
1.52
1.46
1.45
1.51
1.53
White.........................................................................................
Men...................................................................................
Women..............................................................................
Black.........................................................................................
Men...................................................................................
Women...............................................................................
3,333
1,716
1,618
858
431
428
24.5
27.7
21.1
33.5
36.0
31.1
8.0
8.0
7.9
7.2
7.1
6.9
72.6
72.9
72.1
69.7
70.0
69.4
14.3
16.6
11.8
14.7
18.1
11.2
28.4
26.0
31.0
22.0
20.2
23.7
6.9
9.9
3.9
5.6
6.9
4.3
1.55
1.61
1.48
1.53
1.58
1.47
Total..........................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
6,094
1,602
1,461
1,278
662
596
495
29.0
19.0
33.5
34.2
31.5
33.8
25.3
6.8
3.6
7.1
8.9
8.8
8.2
6.7
71.3
78.4
71.2
68.7
68.9
66.6
64.4
15.0
14.0
14.6
14.8
15.5
15.3
18.3
29.4
24.0
32.9
32.4
30.6
29.8
18.5
6.5
3.8
4.8
7.0
8.4
10.2
11.4
1.58
1.43
1.64
1.64
1.64
1.64
1.45
Men...........................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
3,273
859
800
657
332
328
297
31.7
20.3
36.4
39.2
37.1
36.1
24.4
6.9
2.8
6.5
9.9
10.4
9.1
6.8
72.0
79.2
72.7
69.0
69.8
66.8
64.4
17.2
16.2
17.0
18.0
18.4
16.4
19.3
27.8
22.6
31.9
31.2
28.7
26.7
24.1
8.4
3.7
5.4
9.4
12.5
15.8
15.3
1.64
1.45
1.70
1.77
1.77
1.71
1.54
Women.............................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
2,821
743
660
621
330
268
199
25.8
17.5
29.8
29.1
25.8
31.4
26.4
6.8
4.6
7.8
7.7
7.2
7.1
6.6
70.5
77.5
69.6
68.4
67.9
66.3
63.5
12.3
11.5
11.7
11.6
12.6
14.2
16.8
31.3
25.6
34.2
33.5
32.6
33.6
29.9
4.1
4.0
4.0
4.3
4.2
3.4
5.6
1.51
1.41
1.57
1.55
1.50
1.56
1.49
White...............................................................................
M en..........................................................................
Women.......................................................................
Black..........................................................................................
Men............................................................................
Women...............................................................................
4,854
2,632
2,222
1,126
584
542
27.2
30.3
23.6
36.3
37.7
34.7
6.9
7.1
6.7
6.5
6.0
6.8
72.2
72.5
71.7
68.4
70.4
66.2
14.8
17.1
12.1
15.2
17.7
12.5
30.9
29.2
33.1
23.0
21.4
24.7
6.5
8.7
3.9
5.9
6.8
4.9
1.59
1.65
1.51
1.55
1.60
1.50
Total..........................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
6,217
1.590
1,469
1,381
671
581
524
28.1
17.6
32.0
32.9
33.0
30.7
27.0
6.4
3.8
6.8
8.1
8.1
7.4
5.2
72.0
79.1
72.0
70.3
68.4
65.4
67.8
15.0
13.4
14.8
15.3
15.5
16.7
17.0
30.4
25.5
33.9
32.6
31.3
31.4
27.4
6.3
4.4
4.8
7.0
7.4
9.5
9.1
1.58
1.44
1.64
1.66
1.64
1.61
1.54
Men...........................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
3,272
858
783
691
328
305
318
30.5
17.4
34.3
38.4
39.5
32.3
28.8
6.5
3.0
6.2
8.6
10.9
8.8
4.6
73.1
80.8
73.7
70.5
69.1
66.0
67.6
17.5
15.6
17.6
18.3
16.8
20.0
18.6
28.3
24.1
31.4
32.0
27.9
29.4
23.2
8.2
4.4
5.8
9.7
11.8
14.4
11.8
1.64
1.46
1.69
1.78
1.76
1.71
1.55
1975
1976
See footnote at end of table.
85
Table 34. Unemployed job seekers by the job search methods used, sex, age, and race, 1972-82
—Continued
Year, sex, age, and race
Total
jobseek
ers
(thou
sands)
Percent using method
Public
employ
ment
agency
Private
employ
ment
agency
Employer
directly
Friends
or
relatives
Placed or
answered
ads
Other
Average
number
of
methods
used
1976— C ontinued
W omen......................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
2,945
733
688
689
343
276
217
25.4
18.0
29.3
27.3
26.9
29.1
24.3
6.2
4.7
7.4
7.4
5.2
5.8
6.1
70.8
76.9
70.0
70.1
67.7
64.7
67.8
12.2
10.8
11.4
12.4
14.2
13.1
15.0
32.7
27.0
36.7
33.3
34.6
33.3
33.2
4.1
4.4
3.6
4.3
3.2
4.3
5.1
1.51
1.42
1.59
1.55
1.52
1.51
1.52
White........................................................................................
Men....................................................................................
Women............................................................................... ,
Black..........................................................................................
M en....................................................................................
Women...............................................................................
4,888
2,598
2,289
1,190
604
585
26.2
28.9
23.1
35.5
37.8
33.3
6.4
6.5
6.3
6.0
6.5
5.4
73.0
73.9
72.0
68.3
70.1
66.7
14.8
17.3
12.0
15.0
17.5
12.5
32.1
29.9
34.7
23.8
22.1
25.6
6.4
8.5
3.9
5.1
6.0
4.2
1.59
1,65
1.52
1.54
1.60
1.48
Total...........................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
5,987
1,554
1,417
1,374
635
525
482
27.5
18.7
31.6
32.7
31.6
27.3
23.9
6.5
3.4
7.3
8.2
7.7
8.0
6.3
72.6
79.4
74.4
70.7
67.5
63.8
66.6
14.2
12.7
14.1
14.4
14.8
14.9
16.8
30.1
23.7
32.0
33.8
31.7
33.1
29.4
6.7
5.0
5.2
6.4
8.3
10.9
10.5
1.58
1.43
1.65
1.66
1.62
1.58
1.54
Men...........................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
3,049
809
734
689
287
250
280
30.6
20.3
35.2
38.7
37.3
27.4
24.1
6.8
3.2
7.2
9.8
9.7
8.7
5.0
72.8
80.2
75.3
70.2
65.9
62.1
67.6
16.4
14.8
16.3
16.7
17.9
18.4
17.3
27.9
21.3
30.6
32.4
29.2
28.3
27.0
8.7
5.3
6.1
8.3
13.5
17.2
13.3
1.63
1.45
1.71
1.76
1.73
1.62
1.54
Women........................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over.............................................................
2,939
745
683
684
349
275
202
24.3
16.9
27.7
26.6
27.0
27.0
23.6
6.1
3.7
7.5
6.5
6.0
7.2
8.0
72.3
78.5
73.5
71.3
68.6
64.9
64.8
11.9
10.5
11.7
12.0
12.8
11.7
16.6
32.3
26.2
33.4
35.3
33.7
37.4
32.7
4.6
4.8
4.4
4.4
4.0
4.7
6.0
1.52
1.41
1.58
1.56
1.52
1.53
1.52
White.....................................................................................
Men....................................................................................
Women...............................................................................
Black..........................................................................................
Men..................................................................................
Women..............................................................................
4,570
2,349
2,222
1,275
625
650
25.2
28.1
22.1
35.5
39.3
31.9
6.4
6.8
5.9
7.0
7.1
7.0
73.7
73.5
73.9
70.0
71.6
67.8
13.8
16.0
11.5
14.8
17.0
12.6
31.6
29.3
34.0
25.3
23.3
27.2
6.8
9.3
4.1
5.7
5.9
5.5
1.57
1.63
1.52
1.58
1.64
1.52
Total..........................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
5,339
1,484
1,287
1,177
564
447
379
26.4
17.1
30.3
31.6
31.4
27.6
24.4
5.9
3.1
6.7
7.5
7.2
7.3
5.9
71.6
78.0
72.5
68.9
68.2
65.5
63.5
13.9
12.0
13.9
15.2
14.2
15.6
14.7
29.1
24.4
31.4
33.3
29.4
29.5
26.5
6.3
5.0
5.2
6.3
7.0
8.7
11.0
1.53
1.40
1.60
1.63
1.57
1.54
1.46
Men...........................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
2,629
758
645
540
240
219
226
28.5
17.4
33.0
36.8
38.7
28.4
22.9
5.9
2.5
7.1
7.8
8.2
7.2
5.4
72.3
78 9
72.8
69.9
66.8
67.4
65.9
16.3
14.5
16.3
18.3
16.0
18.6
14.8
26.7
22.0
29.6
31.0
27.4
26.2
22.9
8.1
5.5
6.3
8.1
11.5
12.7
13.9
1.58
1.41
1.65
1.72
1.69
1.61
1.46
Women......................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
2,711
727
643
637
324
228
154
24.3
17.0
27.6
27.2
26.0
27.0
26.7
5.9
3.8
6.3
7.0
6.4
7.4
6.7
70.9
77.3
72.2
68.0
69.2
63.7
60.0
11.6
9.3
11.4
12.6
12.7
12.4
15.3
31.6
26.8
33.1
35.4
30.7
32.6
32.0
4.6
4.5
4.0
4.6
3.7
4.8
7.3
1.49
1.39
1.55
1.55
1.49
1.48
1.48
1977
1978
See footnote at end of table.
86
Table 34. Unemployed job seekers by the job search methods used, sex, age, and race, 1972-82
—Continued
Year, sex, age, and race
Total
jobseek
ers
(thou
sands)
Percent using method
Public
employ
ment
agency
Private
employ
ment
agency
Employer
directly
Friends
or
relatives
Placed or
answered
ads
Other
Average
number
of
methods
used
1978— Continued
White..........................................................................................
Men....................................................................................
Women...............................................................................
Black.........................................................................................
Men....................................................................................
Women...............................................................................
3,962
1,977
1,986
1,222
575
647
24.0
26.0
22.0
34.0
37.3
31.2
5.8
5.7
6.0
6.2
6.5
5.9
72.7
73.3
72.1
68.8
70.3
67.7
13.7
15.8
11.7
13.6
16.6
11.0
30.4
27.4
33.3
25.3
23.5
26.9
6.3
8.3
4.3
6.0
7.2
4.9
1.53
1.57
1.49
1.54
1.61
1.48
Total...........................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
5,171
1,446
1,219
1,167
562
420
359
26.6
19.2
29.7
30.8
30.8
28.2
23.6
6.4
3.2
7.3
8.2
8.5
6.6
6.0
71.3
77.4
72.4
69.0
67.9
66.4
60.4
13.7
13.1
12.9
14.1
14.2
15.0
15.9
30.0
23.7
31.6
35.0
31.4
30.4
30.1
6.4
5.1
5.2
6.3
7.6
9.3
11.4
1.54
1.42
1.59
1.63
1.60
1.56
1.47
Men...........................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
2,531
744
601
520
251
206
209
28.6
19.9
31.7
35.2
35.6
32.1
23.3
6.5
3.1
6.7
9.3
9.9
7.2
5.8
72.3
78.4
73.7
69.8
68.9
68.2
60.7
16.3
15.1
15.0
18.0
17.4
17.8
17.0
27.8
22.0
29.4
34.3
28.7
26.4
28.2
7.9
5.0
6.2
7.9
10.3
13.5
14.6
1.59
1.43
1.63
1.74
1.71
1.65
1.50
Women......................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
2,641
703
618
647
311
214
148
24.6
18.4
27.7
27.2
27.1
24.1
25.0
6.2
3.5
7.7
7.4
7.3
6.1
6.3
70.2
76.4
71.2
68.4
67.0
64.1
59.7
11.3
11.0
10.8
11.0
11.5
11.8
14.6
32.1
25.7
33.9
35.6
33.6
34.2
34.0
5.1
5.2
4.4
5.0
5.5
5.6
6.9
1.49
1.40
1.56
1.54
1.52
1.46
1.47
White.........................................................................................
Men...................................................................................
Women...............................................................................
Black..........................................................................................
Men....................................................................................
Women...............................................................................
3,855
1,911
1,944
1,182
551
631
23.9
26.4
21.4
34.9
35.9
34.2
6.2
6.3
6.0
6.9
6.6
6.9
72.6
73.4
71.8
67.3
69.1
65.7
14.0
16.5
11.7
11.9
14.2
9.7
31.5
29.2
33.8
25.4
23.1
27.4
6.4
8.1
4.7
6.5
6.8
6.2
1.55
1.60
1.49
1.53
1.56
1.50
1979
1980
16
20
25
35
45
55
to 19 years...................................................................
to 24 years...................................................................
to 34 years...................................................................
to 44 years...................................................................
to 54 years...................................................................
years and over.............................................................
6,022
1,543
1,469
1,506
675
473
355
27.8
18.9
31.6
31.9
31.0
29.7
23.7
6.1
3.4
6.7
7.5
7.1
7.3
6.2
73.3
79.5
73.6
70.8
70.4
68.1
65.9
13.9
12.9
13.9
14.1
14.3
14.3
14.9
30.8
24.3
32.5
35.3
32.7
32.4
25.6
5.8
4.5
4.6
6.2
6.1
9.3
8.7
1.58
1.44
1.63
1.66
1.62
1.61
1.45
16
20
25
35
45
55
to 19 years...................................................................
to 24 years...................................................................
to 34 years...................................................................
to 44 years...................................................................
to 54 years...................................................................
years and over............................................................
3,195
836
813
771
322
238
215
30.3
17.9
35.1
37.1
37.1
32.4
23.3
6.1
3.1
6.2
8.2
7.1
8.7
5.6
74.2
80.3
75.1
72.0
71.0
68.7
65.6
16.4
15.5
16.8
17.0
16.7
16.7
15.3
28.7
23.1
30.7
33.7
29.6
27.9
24.7
7.1
4.4
4.9
7.9
9.6
13.4
12.1
1.63
1.44
1.69
1.76
1.71
1.68
1.47
Women......................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over.............................................................
2,827
708
656
735
352
235
140
24.9
20.2
27.4
26.6
25.3
27.4
23.6
6.1
3.8
7.4
6.7
7.1
5.9
7.1
72.2
78.7
71.7
69.8
70.0
67.7
66.4
11.1
10.0
10.3
11.0
12.2
11.6
15.0
33.0
25.6
34.9
37.0
35.6
37.1
27.9
4.2
4.6
4.1
4.4
2.8
5.1
3.6
1.52
1.43
1.56
1.55
1.53
1.55
1.44
White.......................................................................................
Men....................................................................................
Women...............................................................................
Black..........................................................................................
M en....................................................................................
Women...............................................................................
4,526
2,437
2,090
1,328
670
656
25.8
28.6
22.7
33.9
36.0
31.8
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.0
5.9
6.2
74.2
75.2
72.9
70.8
71.3
70.6
14.0
16.5
11.1
12.8
15.4
10.3
32.7
30.4
35.4
24.1
22.8
25.4
5.6
7.2
3.9
6.2
7.1
5.2
1.59
1.64
1.52
1.54
1.59
1 50
See footnote at end of table.
87
Table 34. Unemployed job seekers by the job search methods used, sex, age, and race, 1972-82
—Continued
Year, sex, age, and race
Total
jobseek
ers
(thou
sands)
Percent using method
Public
employ
ment
agency
Private
employ
ment
agency
Employer
directly
Friends
or
relatives
Placed or
answered
ads
Other
Average
number
of
methods
used
1981
Total...........................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
6,730
1,650
1,653
1,703
802
526
401
26.8
17.9
31.6
30.1
29.4
28.7
22.7
6.1
3.1
5.9
7.4
8.5
8.3
6.2
74.0
80.3
75.2
71.9
70.9
68.8
65.1
14.5
12.9
14.3
14.7
15.7
14.4
17.7
32.1
25.8
33.2
36.3
33.8
34.2
27.7
5.3
3.9
3.9
5.6
6.9
7.7
10.2
1.59
1.44
1.64
1.66
1.65
1.62
1.50
Men............................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over.............................................................
3,561
890
919
871
383
265
233
29.0
18.3
33.9
34.4
32.6
30.2
22.7
6.0
2.9
5.9
7.8
8.1
7.9
6.4
75.0
81.3
75.3
73.0
72.6
71.7
63.5
16.5
14.7
17.1
16.9
17.5
17.4
17.6
29.7
24.0
32.2
34.2
30.5
27.9
25.8
6.7
3.7
4.7
7.3
9.4
11.3
14.2
1.63
1.45
1.69
1.74
1.71
1.66
1.50
Women......................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over.............................................................
3,170
761
734
832
420
255
168
24.4
17.5
28.7
25.6
26.4
26.7
22.0
6.1
3.4
5.9
6.9
8.8
8.2
6.0
72.9
79.0
75.1
70.8
69.3
65.9
66.7
12.1
10.8
10.9
12.6
14.0
11.4
17.3
34.7
27.7
34.3
38.6
36.4
40.8
34.5
3.8
4.1
3.0
3.8
4.5
3.9
4.8
1.54
1.42
1.58
1.58
1.60
1.57
1.45
White..........................................................................................
M en....................................................................................
Women...............................................................................
Black..........................................................................................
M en....................................................................................
Women...............................................................................
5.035
2,710
2,325
1,520
760
760
24.6
26.8
22.0
33.9
36.6
31.2
6.3
6.2
6.3
5.5
5.4
5.7
75.0
75.8
74.1
71.6
72.8
70.4
14.4
16.5
12.0
14.3
16.6
12.1
33.9
31.5
36.7
26.1
23.7
28.6
5.3
6.8
3.5
5.2
5.7
4.7
1.59
1.64
1.55
1.57
1.61
1.53
Total...........................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
8,429
1,849
1,954
2,263
1,137
689
538
24.2
15.5
26.7
27.7
27.8
26.0
20.3
5.8
3.1
5.8
7.0
6.9
7.3
5.9
77.8
82.5
79.1
76.0
75.8
75.3
71.6
16.3
14.3
15.5
17.5
17.1
17.1
17.7
34.7
27.1
35.5
38.8
37.1
35.7
33.6
4.7
3.2
3.6
4.7
5.9
6.7
9.3
1.63
1.46
1.66
1.72
1.71
1.68
1.58
Men............................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
4,635
1,000
1,106
1,234
596
374
325
26.9
17.0
29.7
31.0
31.9
28.9
20.3
5.8
3.1
5.8
6.8
7.4
7.8
5.5
78.8
83.2
80.0
77.1
76.5
77.5
73.5
18.3
16.2
17.6
19.9
20.0
17.9
18.5
32.6
26.1
33.1
37.4
33.9
33.2
29.2
5.8
2.9
3.9
5.8
8.2
10.2
12.3
1.68
1.48
1.70
1.78
1.78
1.75
1.59
Women......................................................................................
16 to 19 years...................................................................
20 to 24 years...................................................................
25 to 34 years...................................................................
35 to 44 years...................................................................
45 to 54 years...................................................................
55 years and over............................................................
3,793
847
848
1,029
541
315
213
20.9
13.7
22.6
23.6
23.3
22.5
20.2
5.8
3.2
6.0
7.2
6.5
6.3
6.6
76.5
81.7
77.9
74.7
74.9
72.7
68.5
13.8
12.2
12.7
14.6
14.0
16.5
16.9
37.3
28.3
38.6
40.5
40.9
39.0
40.4
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.3
3.1
2.9
5.2
1.58
1.43
1.61
1.64
1.63
1.60
1.58
White..........................................................................................
Men....................................................................................
Women...............................................................................
Black..........................................................................................
M en....................................................................................
Women...............................................................................
6,339
3,526
2,813
1,839
972
867
22.4
25.4
18.8
29.9
32.2
27.5
5.9
5.9
5.8
5.8
5.8
5.8
78.1
79.1
76.8
77.5
78.5
76.4
16.5
18.4
14.0
15.2
17.8
12.2
37.0
34.7
39.8
27.1
25.1
29.3
4.7
6.1
3.0
4.4
4.4
4.3
1.65
1.70
1.58
1.60
1.64
1.56
1982
Note: The total for jobseekers is less than the total unemployed, shown
elsewhere in this bulletin because it does not include persons on layoff or
waiting to begin a new wage and salary job within 30 days, groups for
whom jobseeking information is not collected. It should also be noted that
the sum of the percentages exceeds 100 percent because some jobseek
ers use more than one method.
88
Table 35. Unemployment in families by type of family, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of
employed family members, 1980-82
[Numbers in thousands]
1980
Families with unemployment
Total
fami
lies
Total
Families with unemployment
Families with unemployment
Percent with:
Type of family, race, and
Hispanic origin
1982
1981
Percent with:
Percent with:
At
At
ieast
least
one
No
em
person
one
em
em
ployed
person ployed ployed
person
full
time
Total
fami
lies
Total
At
least
At
No
least
one
em
one
person
em
em
ployed
person ployed ployed
full
person
time
Total
fami
lies
At
At
least
least
one
No
Total
em
one
person
em
em
ployed
person ployed ployed
person
full
time
TO TA L
60,439 5,958
27.9
72.1
63.9 61,023 6,354
28.0
72.0
63.5 61,614 7,956
30.2
69.8
59.5
With children under 18..... 31,047 3,747
Married-couple families........ 49,132 4,433
With children under 18..... 24,773 2,826
Families maintained by
women..............................
8,962 1,227
With children under 18.....
5,464
802
Families maintained by
m en...................................
2,346
298
With children under 18.....
117
809
28.8
21.0
20.2
71.2
79.0
79.8
63.2 31,172 3,964
71.2 49,319 4,634
71.9 24,656 2,941
29.4
20.4
19.9
70.6
79.6
80.1
62.0 31,159 4,864
71.5 49,648 5,939
71.9 24,523 3,732
32.2
23.3
23.7
67.8
76.7
76.3
57.3
66.5
65.5
50.2
56.5
49.8
43.5
39.8
34.5
9,296 1,404
5,687
912
50.6
58.3
49.4
41.7
39.1
32.1
9,554 1,623
994
5,801
52.8
61.7
47.2
38.3
36.5
28.8
40.2
45.4
59.8
54.6
53.8
51.3
2,408
830
317
110
38.6
45.9
61.4
54.1
53.6
47.7
2,412
835
394
138
41.9
51.8
58.1
48.2
49.0
41.7
52,752 4,685
25.5
74.5
66.5 53,160 4,942
25.3
74.7
66.2 53,573 6,246
27.9
72.1
61.7
With children under 18..... 26,316 2,899
Married-couple families........ 44,626 3,769
With children under 18..... 22,125 2,380
Families maintained by
women................... ..........
6,225
700
With children under 18.....
3,543
429
Families maintained by
m en...................................
1,902
214
With children under 18.....
649
90
25.8
20.9
20.1
74.2
79.1
79.9
66.2 26,355 3,030
71.3 44,803 3,907
71.8 21,973 2,447
25.9
20.1
19.7
74.1
79.9
80.3
65.3 26,244 3,763
71.8 44,982 4,993
71.8 21,763 3,104
29.3
23.1
23.5
70.7
76.9
76.5
59.8
66.6
65.4
46.3
53.2
53.7
46.8
44.3
37.7
6,405
3,707
803
497
46.7
53.5
53.3
46.5
42.3
35.8
6,628
3,797
958
552
49.1
57.8
50.9
42.2
39.7
31.0
38.0
43.8
62.0
56.2
55.4
53.9
1,953
675
232
86
37.5
42.5
62.5
57.5
55.6
50.6
1,962
684
295
107
40.3
49.1
59.7
50.9
50.2
45.3
Total families............................
W hite
Total families............................
Black
Total families............................
6,461
1,137
37.9
62.1
53.3
6,578 1,268
38.2
61.8
53.1
6,686 1,501
39.6
60.4
50.6
With children under 18.....
Married-couple families........
With children under 18.....
Families maintained by
women..............................
With children under 18.....
Families maintained by
m en...................................
With children under 18.....
3,967
3,534
2,017
753
563
376
39.7
20.9
19.8
60.3
79.1
80.2
51.8
71.1
73.0
3,996
3,505
2,014
836
619
420
41.7
21.5
20.5
58.3
78.5
79.5
50.5
70.3
72.6
4,062
3,580
2,050
963
778
512
43.6
13.5
23.5
56.4
76.5
76.5
47.8
66.5
67.1
2,561
1,812
502
353
55.9
60.3
44.1
39.7
33.5
29.6
2,698
1,854
574
395
55.7
63.5
44.3
36.5
35.1
28.1
2,731
1,883
633
422
58.5
66.9
41.5
33.1
31.9
25.5
366
137
72
25
45.9
(*)
54.1
51.4
C)
375
128
75
22
42.9
(*)
57.1
(’ )
48.1
( ')
375
f 1)
130
90
29
47.3
(*)
52.7
(’ )
45.1
C)
Total families............................
3,241
454
31.4
68.6
61.5
3,394
484
31.1
68.9
60.7
3,384
618
33.4
66.6
56.1
With children under 18.....
Married-couple families.......
With children under 18.....
Families maintained by
women........:.....................
With children under 18.....
Families maintained by
m en...................................
With children under 18.....
2,221
2,400
1,662
326
347
258
32.6
25.4
25.6
67.4
74.6
74.4
60.3
67.3
67.1
2,321
2,487
1,725
345
344
260
33.4
25.0
25.1
66.6
75.0
74.9
59.3
67.4
68.0
2,301
2,488
1,718
435
463
344
36.6
27.9
30.2
63.4
72.1
69.8
54.0
62.2
60.8
658
494
78
53
61.0
67.9
39.0
32.1
33.8
26.4
715
528
107
75
49.5
60.8
50.5
39.2
38.3
31.1
723
525
123
81
53.7
63.8
46.3
36.2
32.5
26.3
183
65
28
13
(')
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
192
67
32
9
( ')
(l )
C)
C)
(U
(')
174
57
32
11
(*)
(*)
(*)
(’ )
C)
Hispanic origin
Data not shown where base is less than 35,000.
89
( ')
(*)
Table 36. Unemployed persons by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of
employed family members, 1980-82
[Numbers in thousands]
1980
1981
Percent of unemployed with:
Family relationship,
race, and Hispanic
origin
At least
one
employed
person in
family
At least
one
person in
family
employed
full time
59.9
52.6 10,678
42.3
57.7
49.1
30.0
44.6
70.0
55.4
61.5
41.8
9,158
2,492
32.7
45.0
67.3
55.0
57.2
39.6
37.3 1,079
77.2 1,445
47.8
17.2
52.2
82.8
37.5
77.4
1,635
1,830
49.0
21.7
51.0
78.3
34.2
70.9
86.2
80.9
919
15.1
84.9
79.3
1,186
20.0
80.0
72.7
9.4
90.6
85.7 2,004
8.7
91.3
85.9
2,488
11.0
89.0
82.7
81.0
19.0
12.2
579
81.8
18.2
10.5
675
83.3
16.7
9.5
87.3
12.7
7.0
481
87.7
12.3
5.9
559
89.5
10.5
4.8
34.9
65.1
53.7 1,024
32.8
67.2
55.6
1,218
35.8
64.2
51.4
71.9
28.1
21.5
133
65.7
34.3
20.1
179
70.1
29.9
19.5
85.5
14.5
9.1
55
84.6
15.4
9.4
75
84.9
15.1
6.8
24.8
—
75.2
69.9
220
1,201
25.4
* 74.6
—
67.2
—
277
1,520
28.1
—
71.9
—
62.6
38.2
61.8
55.0 6,343
38.2
61.8
54.6
8,241
40.5
59.5
50.7
5,040
1,364
27.8
45.8
72.2
54.2
64.2 5,402
40.7 1,394
27.4
44.8
72.6
55.2
64.1
40.8
7,048
2,098
30.5
45.2
69.5
54.8
59.2
38.8
871
1,168
49.6
15.7
50.4
84.3
35.6
886
78.7 1,217
48.4
16.5
51.6
83.5
35.8
78.2
1,353
1,531
49.4
20.2
50.6
79.8
32.8
72.5
716
12.9
87.1
82.1
755
14.2
85.8
80.3
973
18.2
81.8
74.6
1,521
8.9
91.1
86.5 1,658
8.0
92.0
87.1
2,013
10.5
89.5
83.4
272
78.2
21.8
14.4
317
77.3
22.7
12.9
385
78.6
21.4
11.9
217
86.1
13.9
7.9
253
85.1
14.9
6.8
306
86.6
13.4
5.6
482
31.4
68.6
58.6
558
30.7
69.3
58.0
693
33.7
66.3
53.7
84
72.6
27.4
20.2
97
64.9
35.1
27.3
132
71.3
28.7
18.7
39
82.9
17.1
9.8
41
81.7
18.3
11.2
56
85.5
14.5
7.4
149
845
22.8
77.2
—
70.5
—
161
941
25.7
—
74.3
67.6
197
1,193
24.1
—
75.9
66.7
—
40.3
6,537
1,610
At least
one
person in
family
employed
full time
Total
No
employed
person in
family
At least
one
employed
person in
family
59.7
52.7 8,273
40.1
30.2
45.4
69.8
54.6
61.6 7,072
41.6 1,667
1,040
1,374
48.7
16.7
51.3
83.3
861
13.8
1,842
White
Total unemployed........ 5,884
Women who
maintain
families..............
With children
under 18...
Relatives in
families
maintained by
females..............
Men who
maintain
families..............
With children
under 18...
Relatives in
families
maintained by
m en...................
Not in families1........
Percent of unemployed with:
No
employed
person in
family
At least
one
employed
person in
family
Women who
maintain
families.............. 483
With children
under 18... 403
Relatives in
families
maintained by
women............... 901
Men who
maintain
families.............. 121
With children
under 18...
54
Relatives in
families
maintained by
m en................... 206
Not in families 1........ 1,099
In families..................
Husbands..............
With children
under 18........
Wives....................
With children
under 18........
Relatives in
married-couple
families..............
Percent of unemployed with:
Total
No
employed
person in
family
Total
TOTAL
Total unemployed........ 7,637
In families..................
Husbands..............
With children
under 18........
Wives....................
With children
under 18........
Relatives in
married-couple
families..............
1982
—
—
—
—
See footnotes at end of table.
90
—
At least
one
person in
family
employed
full time
—
—
—
Table 36. Unemployed persons by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of
employed family members, 1980-82—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
1980
Percent of unemployed with:
Family relationship,
race, and Hispanic
origin
1982
1981
Percent of unemployed with:
Percent of unemployed with:
Total
No
employed
person in
family
At least
one
employed
person in
family
At least
one
person in
family
employed
full time
45.5
2,142
48.7
51.3
43.1
61.1
56.8
52.4
48.5
1,858
319
40.9
43.4
59.1
56.6
49.7
44.8
44.5
21.4
55.5
78.6
47.6
71.9
225
240
45.5
29.5
54.5
70.5
42.7
62.2
138
19.3
80.7
73.9
173
28.4
71.6
63.5
81.5
299
11.4
88.6
80.2
403
12.2
87.8
80.1
14.1
8.1
247
87.4
12.6
7.6
279
90.1
9.9
6.3
89.7
10.3
5.1
215
90.6
9.4
4.9
245
93.1
6.9
3.9
403
39.1
60.9
47.8
452
35.2
64.8
53.0
503
38.3
61.7
48.4
32
(2)
(2)
(2)
30
(2)
(2)
(2)
41
69.0
31.0
20.2
12
(2)
(2)
(2)
12
(2)
(2)
(2)
16
(2)
(2)
(2)
51
224
30.8
—
69.2
—
65.4
—
53
229
24.0
—
76.0
-
66.1
—
72
284
39.5
—
60.5
—
54.1
—
Total unemployed........
575
39.3
60.7
54.6
624
41.2
58.8
51.3
825
43.6
56.4
46.8
In families.................
Husbands..............
With children
under 18........
Wives....................
With children
under 18........
Relatives in
married-couple
families..............
517
143
32.4
51.0
67.6
49.0
60.9
38.6
545
143
32.6
51.4
67.4
48.6
58.7
37.7
730
205
36.3
53.5
63.7
46.5
52.9
35.8
112
95
53.6
16.7
46.4
83.3
37.3
77.1
114
99
53.2
17.1
46.8
82.9
36.0
76.9
163
144
57.3
20.5
42.7
79.5
32.7
69.1
71
15.3
84.7
77.8
73
15.8
84.2
79.1
107
20.6
79.4
69.3
154
9.1
90.9
85.7
143
9.2
90.8
84.1
198
15.1
84.9
75.9
34
(2)
(2)
(2)
42
75.2
24.8
14.1
50
79.3
20.7
14.0
29
(2)
(2)
(2)
35
83.6
16.4
10.3
41
86.8
13.2
7.8
56
47.3
52.7
45.5
79
33.9
66.1
53.3
95
44.2
55.8
39.5
9
(2)
(2)
(2)
18
(2)
(2)
(2)
16
(2)
(2)
(2)
5
(2)
(2)
(2)
6
(2)
(2)
(2)
6
(2)
(2)
(2)
At least
one
person in
family
employed
full time
Total
No
employed
person in
family
At least
one
employed
person in
family
At least
one
person in
family
employed
full time
52.2
44.5 1,731
47.0
53.0
39.1
41.5
60.9
58.5
52.0 1,502
47.8
232
38.9
43.2
42.6
21.7
57.4
78.3
47.5
71.7
164
189
18.5
81.5
75.6
12.0
88.0
198
85.9
175
Total
No
employed
person in
family
At least
one
employed
person in
family
Total unemployed........ 1,553
47.8
In families.................. 1,329
Husbands.............. 203
With children
under 18........ 141
Wives.................... 166
With children
under 18........ 119
Relatives in
married-couple
families.............. 276
Black
Women who
maintain
families..............
With children
under 18...
Relatives in
families
maintained by
women...............
Men who
maintain
families..............
With children
under 18...
Relatives in
families
maintained by
men...................
Not in families1........
Hispanic origin
Women who
maintain
families..............
With children
under 18...
Relatives in
families
maintained by
women...............
Men who
maintain
families..............
With children
under 18...
See footnotes at end of table.
91
Table 36. Unemployed persons by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of
employed family members, 1980-82—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
1980
Percent of unemployed with:
Family relationship,
race, and Hispanic
origin
1982
1981
Percent of unemployed with:
Percent of unemployed with:
Total
No
employed
person in
family
At least
one
employed
person in
family
At least
one
person in
family
employed
full time
24
59
(2)
—
(2)
—
(2)
—
Total
No
employed
person in
family
At least
one
employed
person in
family
At least
one
person in
family
employed
full time
21
79
(2)
(2)
(2)
Total
No
employed
person in
family
At least
one
employed
person in
family
At least
one
person in
family
employed
full time
(2)
(2)
(2)
Hisapanic origin—
C ontinued
Relatives in
families
maintained by
m en...................
Not in families 1........
2Data not shown where base is less than 35,000.
1The majority of these persons are living alone or with nonrelatives. Also ineluded are persons in married-couple families where the husband is in the
Armed Forces, persons in secondary families, and some whose status is
unknown.
23
95
92
Table 37. Employed civilians by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of additional
employed family members, 1980-82
[Numbers in thousands]
1980
Family relationship, race, and Hispanic origin
Total
TOTAL
Total employed............................................................... 99,303
1982
1981
Percent of unemployed
with:
Percent of unemployed
with:
Percent ot unemployed
with:
An
other
No
An
other
other person
em
in
em
ployed ployed family
person person
em
in
in
ployed
family family
full
time
An
An
No
other
other
other person
em
em
in
ployed ployed family
person person
em
in
in
ployed
family family
full
time
An
other
An
No
other person
em
in
em
ployed ployed
person person family
em
in
ployed
in
family family
full
time
Total
Total
37.7
62.3
52.9 100,397
37.9
62.1
52.7 99,526
38.4
61.6
51.4
In families................................................................
Husbands.........................................................
With children under 18............................
Wives................................................................
With children under 18............................
Relatives in married-couple families..............
84,271
38,179
22,660
23,203
12,492
11,627
26.6
37.7
40.1
9.4
5.4
5.6
73.4
62.3
59.9
90.6
94.6
94.4
62.4
45.3
39.9
85.8
90.8
90.7
84,854
38,008
22,505
23,590
12,698
11,709
26.5
36.9
39.5
9.6
5.7
5.7
73.5
63.1
60.5
90.4
94.3
94.3
62.3
45.6
40.1
85.5
90.4
90.2
83,918
37,219
21,810
23,726
12,712
11,371
26.9
36.8
39.6
11.0
7.5
6.8
73.1
63.2
60.4
89.0
92.5
93.2
61.0
44.8
39.2
83.1
87.3
88.3
Women who maintain families.......................
With children under 18............................
Relatives in families maintained by women ...
4,780
3,209
3,606
65.4
76.9
27.3
34.6
23.1
72.7
23.5
12.3
61.7
4,998
3,357
3,607
66.6
79.0
27.5
33.4
21.0
72.5
22.1
10.7
61.4
5,098
3,372
3,637
66.4
78.9
26.7
33.6
21.1
73.3
21.5
10.1
61.6
Men who maintain families.............................
With children under 18............................
Relatives in families maintained by m en.......
1,680
681
1,198
56.4
69.6
15.4
43.6
30.4
84.6
33.3
18.0
77.6
1,696
697
1,247
56.8
71.1
17.3
43.2
28.9
82.7
32.1
15.5
75.9
1,651
676
1,217
57.3
73.6
17.9
42.7
26.4
82.1
31.7
14.8
73.0
Not in families1 ....................................................... 15,031
—
—
— 15,543
—
—
— 15,608
—
—
—
White
Total employed............................................................... 87,715
37.3
62.7
53.1 88,709
37.3
62.7
53.0 87,903
37.9
62.1
51.6
In families.................................................................
Husbands..........................................................
With children under 18............................
Wives................................................................
With children under 18............................
Relatives in married-couple families...............
74,606
34,804
20,405
20,725
10,930
10,528
26.2
38.2
40.9
8.9
4.9
5.4
73.8
61.8
59.1
91.1
95.1
94.6
62.5
44.2
38.2
86.3
91.4
91.0
75,157
34,663
20,251
21,135
11,142
10,616
26.0
37.4
40.2
9.2
5.1
5.6
74.0
62.6
59.8
90.8
94.9
94.4
62.5
44.6
38.4
86.1
91.1
90.6
74,232
33,868
19,573
21,207
11,116
10,273
26.4
37.2
40.2
10.6
6.9
6.7
73.6
62.8
59.8
89.4
93.1
93.3
61.1
43.8
37.5
83.6
88.1
88.6
Women who maintain families.......................
With children under 18............................
Relatives in families maintained by women...
3,479
2,269
2,697
63.3
75.5
27.6
36.7
24.5
72.4
24.5
12.2
61.9
3,618
2,390
2,707
64.6
77.6
27.7
35.4
22.4
72.3
23.1
10.7
61.4
3,719
2,416
2,797
63.8
76.9
26.8
36.2
23.1
73.2
22.9
10.5
61.8
Men who maintain families.............................
With children under 18............................
Relatives in families maintained by m en.......
1,391
560
981
55.6
68.1
15.0
44.4
31.9
85.0
33.3
18.0
78.1
1,405
583
1,013
69.4
56.3
16.6
30.6
43.7
83.4
15.9
31.9
76.8
1,383
571
984
57.1
72.6
17.4
42.9
27.4
82.6
31.1
15.1
73.7
Not in families 1........................................................ 13,109
—
—
— 13,552
—
—
— 13,671
—
—
—
Black
Total employed...............................................................
9,313
43.2
56.8
49.4
9,355
44.3
55.7
48.2
9,189
44.5
55.5
47.6
In families................................................................
Husbands.........................................................
With children under 18............................
Wives................................................................
With children under 18............................
Relatives in married-couple families...............
7,720
2,597
1,711
1,901
1,187
791
31.5
31.8
31.8
14.6
10.3
7.6
68.5
68.2
68.2
85.4
89.7
92.4
59.6
56.3
56.2
80.1
85.1
86.4
7,704
2,540
1,677
1,869
1,175
779
32.4
31.9
32.1
15.2
11.2
8.1
67.6
68.1
67.9
84.8
88.8
91.9
58.5
56.4
56.3
78.8
83.2
85.2
7,623
2,521
1,644
1,912
1,197
763
33.0
32.1
32.4
16.6
13.3
8.1
67.0
67.9
67.6
83.4
86.7
91.9
57.3
55.6
55.3
76.4
80.1
84.6
Women who maintain families.......................
With children under 18............................
Relatives in families maintained by women...
1,201
882
827
72.3
80.6
27.4
27.8
19.4
72.6
19.8
12.3
60.0
1,276
901
818
73.0
82.7
27.6
27.0
17.3
72.4
18.9
10.4
60.2
1,269
886
753
74.9
84.6
27.2
25.1
15.4
72.8
16.7
8.6
60.1
Men who maintain families.............................
With children under 18............................
Relatives in families maintained by m en.......
233
104
170
61.8
76.7
19.4
38.2
23.3
80.6
31.3
17.5
74.1
23.9
96
182
59.6
80.1
21.7
40.4
19.9
78.3
32.8
12.8
69.9
220
89
184
60.1
79.8
22.1
39.9
20.2
77.9
33.3
13.4
67.7
Not in families 1........................................................
See footnote at end of table.
1,593
—
—
—
1,651
—
—
—
1,566
—
—
—
93
Table 37. Employed civilians by family relationship, race, Hispanic origin, and presence of additional
employed family members, 1980-82—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
1980
Family relationship, race, and Hispanic origin
Total
1981
1982
Percent of unemployed
with:
Percent of unemployed
with:
Percent of unemployed
with:
An
An
No
other
other
other person
em
em
in
ployed ployed family
person person
em
in
in
ployed
family family
full
time
An
An
other
No
other
other person
em
em
in
ployed ployed family
person person
em
in
in
ployed
family family
full
time
An
other
An
No
person
other
em
in
em
ployed ployed
family
person person
em
in
in
ployed
family family
full
time
Total
Total
Hispanic origin
Total employed..............................................
5,126
39.1
60.9
53.1
5,348
38.8
61.2
53.5
5,158
39.3
60.7
51.4
In families.....................................................
Husbands.........................................................
With children under 18............................
Wives................................................................
With children under 18............................
Relatives in married-couple families..............
4,432
1,935
1,443
1,025
692
690
29.6
43.5
46.3
8.8
7.2
6.1
70.4
56.5
53.7
91.2
92.8
93.9
61.4
44.1
40.6
86.0
87.7
88.0
4.644
2,025
1,499
1,097
753
700
29.5
42.4
45.3
8.8
7.6
6.9
70.5
57.6
54.7
91.2
92.4
93.1
61.6
45.7
42.1
85.9
87.9
88.0
4,482
1,963
1,449
1,080
734
646
30.1
43.1
46.3
10.4
9.1
7.6
69.9
56.9
53.7
89.6
90.9
92.4
59.1
42.9
39.3
82.8
84.9
84.4
Women who maintain families.......................
With children under 18............................
Relatives in families maintained by women ...
280
207
196
71.4
81.2
24.5
28.6
18.8
75.5
21.4
12.1
63.8
302
216
237
70.1
80.9
28.3
29.9
19.1
71.7
21.7
11.0
60.8
298
209
246
67.5
79.1
27.2
32.5
20.9
72.8
21.7
11.2
60.2
Men who maintain families.............................
With children under 18............................
149
54
48.0
67.3
52.0
32.7
42.6
27.3
144
54
49.6
74.3
50.4
25.7
39.2
15.5
128
43
47.4
69.8
52.6
30.2
43.0
19.5
Relatives in families maintained by m en.......
Not in families 1........................................................
139
694
7.1
—
92.9
—
87.9
—
139
704
12.3
—
87.7
—
79.5
—
123
676
10.5
—
89.5
—
82.4
—
'T he majority of these persons are living alone or with nonrelatives. Also ineluded are persons in married-couple families where the husband is in the
Armed Forces, persons in secondary families, and some whose status is
unknown.
94
Table 38. Median weekly earnings of families by type of family, number of earners, race, and
Hispanic origin, 1979-82
I
jNumber of families (in thousands)
Type of family, number of earners, race, and Hispanic origin
1980
1979
1981
1982
Median weekly earnings
Percent change
1981 to 1982
1979
1980
1981
1982
$376
$405
$434
$452
4.2
-1 .7
436
312
344
160
167
539
496
343
396
194
192
619
627
624
391
400
5.0
3.4
6.0
7.8
4.8
5.8
6.4
3.9
5.4
7.3
-1 .0
-2 .5
.0
1.7
-1 .1
- .2
.4
-2 .0
- .6
1.2
Current
dollars
Constant
dollars
TO TA L
Total families with earners 1.................................................................... 41,342 41,162 41,360 40,844
Married-couple families.....................................................................
One-earner..................................................................................
Husband...............................................................................
Wife......................................................................................
Other family member.........................................................
Two or more earners.................................................................
Husband and wife...............................................................
Husband and other family member(s)..............................
Wife and other family member(s)......................................
Other family members only................................................
34,306
15,005
12,606
1,819
580
19,301
16,168
2,617
375
141
33,825
14,797
12,127
2,059
611
19,028
16,094
2,369
426
139
33,807
14,566
11,782
2,156
628
19,241
16,319
2,338
439
145
33,225
14,592
11,426
2,465
700
18,633
15,841
2,167
475
151
406
297
322
151
162
493
(2 )
(2 )
517
324
319
557
351
364
473
332
373
180
183
585
590
601
371
373
Families maintained by women........................................................
One earner..................................................................................
Householder........................................................................
Other family member.........................................................
Two or more earners.................................................................
5,485
3,824
2,952
872
1,661
5,690
4,022
3,104
918
1,668
5,875
4,225
3,292
933
1,649
5,933
4,253
3,363
891
1,680
209
170
173
158
337
227
188
191
174
373
240
198
204
177
397
253
211
217
187
420
5.5
6.2
6.1
5.8
5.8
- .5
.2
.1
- .2
-.1
Families maintained by men.............................................................
One earner..................................................................................
Two or more earners.................................................................
1,552
943
608
1,647
1,016
631
1,678
1,068
610
1,686
1,077
609
338
265
469
365
289
500
382
311
532
403
331
558
5.5
6.5
4.9
- .4
.5
-1 .0
Total families with earners 1 .................................................................... 36,007 35,786 35,891
35,413
387
416
446
468
4.8
-1.1
29,723
13,164
10,429
2,101
16,559
14,034
411
305
328
151
498
441
320
350
162
545
(2 )
(2 )
480
342
382
180
592
595
504
355
405
195
626
634
4.9
3.7
5.9
8.3
5.8
6.5
-1 .0
-2 .2
-.1
2.2
-.1
.5
W hite
Married-couple families.....................................................................
One earner..................................................................................
Husband...............................................................................
Wife......................................................................................
Two or more earners.................................................................
Husband and wife...............................................................
30,732
13,609
11,546
1,548
17,123
30,316
13,437
11,152
1,740
16,878
(2 )
(2 )
30,285
13,152
10,778
1,820
17,133
14,501
Families maintained by women......................................................... 4,003
4,140
4,246
4,325
221
236
248
267
7.6
1.6
Families maintained by men.............................................................
1,272
1,331
1,361
1,366
350
377
397
418
5.2
- .7
Total families with earners 1 ....................................................................
4,463
4,503
4,567
4,479
279
302
320
329
2.9
-2 .9
Married-couple families.....................................................................
One earner..................................................................................
Husband...............................................................................
Wife......................................................................................
Two or more earners.................................................................
Husband and wife...............................................................
2,852
1,120
836
233
1,733
2,802
1,105
769
279
1,700
369
214
245
149
472
(2 )
2,729
1,101
742
309
1,628
1,425
343
211
234
154
440
(2 )
2,787
1,115
770
289
1,671
1,446
(2 )
(2 )
392
237
269
175
508
519
410
241
271
189
540
553
4.5
1.6
1.0
7.9
6.2
6.5
-1 .4
- 4 .2
-4 .7
1.8
.2
.5
Families maintained by women.........................................................
1,371
1,438
1,513
1,485
177
195
216
220
1.6
-4 .2
Families maintained by men.............................................................
240
263
267
266
282
313
309
334
8.3
2.2
Black
See footnotes at end of table.
95
Table 38. Median weekly earnings of families by type of family, number of earners, race, and
Hispanic origin, 1979-82—Continued
N um ber
of families (in thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Type of family, number of earners, race, and Hispanic origin
1980
1981
1982
Percent change
1981 to 1982
1979
1980
1981
1982
1979
Total families with earners 1....................................................................
2,259
2,391
2,528
2,429
300
324
351
359
2.5
- 3 .3
Married-couple families.....................................................................
One earner..................................................................................
Husband...............................................................................
Wife......................................................................................
Two or more earners.................................................................
Husband and wife...............................................................
1,873
913
790
88
959
(2 )
1,898
924
797
94
974
(2 )
1,995
946
802
99
1,049
826
1,925
929
782
103
996
799
319
224
235
135
420
(2 )
346
234
248
145
459
(2 )
385
248
273
168
491
501
393
265
287
178
517
527
2.1
7.0
5.4
6.1
5.2
5.1
-3 .7
1.0
- .5
.1
- .8
- .8
Families maintained by women.........................................................
272
335
379
373
180
213
212
224
5.8
- .2
Families maintained by men.............................................................
114
158
154
131
269
327
290
338
16.5
9.9
Current
dollars
Constant
dollars
Hispanic origin
N o t e . The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate the earnings data presented in tables
38 through 41.
1 Data exclude families in which there is no wage or salary earner or in
which the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is either
self-employed or in the Armed Forces.
2 Not available.
96
Table 39. Families with unemployed members and wage and salary workers by type of family and
median weekly earnings, 1979-82
Median weekly earnings
Number of families (in thousands)
Type of family and relationship of unemployed members
to wage and salary earners
1979
1980
1981
1982
1979
1980
1981
1982
Percent change
1981 to 1982
Current
dollars
Constant
dollars
Married-couple families 1..........................................................................
Husband unemployed........................................................................
Wife only earner.........................................................................
Wife and other earner(s)...........................................................
Other earner(s) only...................................................................
2,592
544
411
74
59
3,101
840
652
101
87
3,340
897
702
106
90
4,107
1,300
1,013
153
134
$318
170
156
322
165
$320
172
162
337
137
$339
189
180
349
145
$347
200
189
371
161
2.1
5.8
4.9
6.3
11.0
-3 .7
- .2
-1 .0
.3
4.7
Wife unemployed...............................................................................
Husband only earner.................................................................
Husband and other earner(s)....................................................
Other earner(s) only...................................................................
961
830
120
11
1,046
888
139
20
1,105
949
137
19
1,301
1,114
167
20
299
280
481
(2)
317
302
474
(2)
328
309
537
(2)
348
330
584
(2)
6.3
6.9
8.9
(2)
.3
.9
2.7
(2)
Other member(s) unemployed.........................................................
Husband or wife earner.............................................................
Both husband and wife earners................................................
Other combinations of earners..................................................
1,087
521
537
29
1,215
576
597
42
1,337
624
666
47
1,506
660
799
48
452
350
550
(2)
477
388
578
(2)
515
409
626
(2)
537
424
646
(2)
4.3
3.6
3.1
(2)
-1 .6
-2 .3
-2 .7
(2)
Families maintained by women 1.............................................................
Householder unemployed.................................................................
Other member(s) unemployed..........................................................
498
73
426
577
79
498
683
90
594
750
102
647
191
136
203
213
150
223
219
146
228
227
152
241
3.5
4.2
5.7
-2 .4
-1 .7
- .3
Families maintained by men 1..................................................................
143
185
203
232
307
293
290
299
2.9
-3 .0
1
Data exclude families in which there is no wage or salary earner or in
which the husband, wife, or other person maintaining the family is either
97
self-employed or in the Armed Forces,
2 Data not shown where base is less than 50,000.
Table 40. Median weekly earnings of full-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics,
1979-82
Number of workers (in thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Characteristic
1979
Total, 16 years and over.......................................................................... 72,366 71,968 72,491 70,546
$244
$266
$289
$309
7.1
1.0
Men, 16 years and over.................................................................... 44,674 43,781 43,888 42,279
16 to 24 years............................................................................ 8,557 7,916 7,672 6,870
25 years and over...................................................................... 36,117 35,866 36,216 35,409
298
201
322
322
214
346
347
225
378
371
231
403
6.9
3.0
6.6
.8
-2 .9
.6
Women, 16 years and over.............................................................. 27,692 28,187 28,603 28,267
16 to 24 years............................................................................ 6,442 6,242 6,030 5,507
25 years and over...................................................................... 21,250 21,945 22,573 22,760
186
154
197
204
171
217
224
184
237
241
194
257
7.6
5.3
8.3
1.5
- .7
2.2
Husbands............................................................................................ 31,081 30,229 30,087 28,962
Wives.................................................................................................. 14,407 14,614 14,762 14,553
Others in married-couple families..................................................... 6,858 6,563 6,634 6,137
324
190
169
348
208
184
382
229
196
407
246
207
6.3
7.5
5.5
.3
1.4
- .5
Women who maintain families.......................................................... 3,704
Others in such families...................................................................... 2,447
3,796
2,428
3,916
2,383
4,006
2,313
190
176
210
193
228
202
243
216
6.9
6.8
.9
.7
Men who maintain families................................................................ 1,271
Others in such families......................................................................
820
1,348
865
1,346
860
1,341
825
300
184
313
198
342
211
365
228
6.8
8.0
.8
1.9
All other men 1...................................................................................
All other women 1..............................................................................
6,469
5,657
6,717
5,787
6,598
5,811
273
202
298
222
323
246
345
270
6.9
9.9
.9
3.7
White................................................................................................... 63,154 62,813 63,241 61,463
Men.............................................................................................. 39,576 38,806 38,874 37,435
Women........................................................................................ 23,578 24,007 24,367 24,029
249
305
187
273
329
206
296
356
226
317
382
244
7.2
7.2
7.8
1.2
1.1
1.7
Black.................................................................................................... 7,582
Men.............................................................................................. 4,184
Women........................................................................................ 3,399
7,459
4,021
3,438
7,499
4,023
3,477
7,281
3,836
3,445
203
232
174
218
247
189
238
271
210
247
281
223
3.9
3.9
6.1
-1 .9
-2 .0
.1
Hispanic origin.................................................................................... 3,873
Men.............................................................................................. 2,504
Women........................................................................................ 1,369
4,124
2,643
1,481
4,284
2,759
1,525
4,056
2,573
1,483
197
226
156
214
237
177
229
252
192
242
272
207
5.8
7.8
7.6
- .2
1.7
1.5
1980
1981
1980
1981
1982
Percent change
1981 to 1982
1982
1979
Current
dollars
Constant
dollars
SEX AN D AGE
FAM ILY R ELA TIO N SH IP
6,334
5,443
RACE AND HISPA N IC O R IG IN
1 The majority of these persons are living alone or with nonrelatives. Also
included are persons in married-couple families where the husband is in the
Armed Forces, persons in secondary families, and some whose family
status is unknown.
98
Table 41. Median weekly earnings of part-time wage and salary workers by selected characteristics,
1979-82
Number of workers (in thousands)
Median weekly earnings
Characteristic
1979
Total, 16 years and over.......................................................................... 15,163 15,675 16,025 16,822
$67
$74
$81
$83
29.8
-2 8 .4
5,312
3,153
2,160
64
59
83
71
63
90
78
68
101
80
68
104
33.8
13.5
23.0
-2 4 .6
-4 3 .8
-3 4 .9
Women, 16 years and over.............................................................. 10,437 10,757 11,069 11,510
16 to 24 years............................................................................ 3,701 3,749 3,782 3,919
25 years and over...................................................................... 6,731
7,008 7,287 7,591
68
57
77
75
62
83
82
67
93
85
67
100
33.1
11.0
74.3
-2 5 .2
-46.1
13.6
1980
1981
1980
1981
1982
Percent change
1981 to 1982
1982
1979
Current
dollars
Constant
dollars
SEX A N D AGE
Men, 16 years and over....................................................................
16 to 24 years............................................................................
25 years and over......................................................................
4,726
2,996
1,730
4,919
3,112
1,806
4,956
3,079
1,877
FA M ILY R E LA TIO NSH IP
Husbands............................................................................................ 1,226
Wives.................................................................................................. 5,516
Others in married-couple families..................................................... 4,525
1,284
5,638
4,575
1,301
5,847
4,591
1,474
6,031
4,674
83
79
55
91
86
60
101
94
64
104
101
65
30.3
66.3
3.4
-2 7 .9
6.0
-5 3 .3
Women who maintain families..........................................................
Others in such families......................................................................
718
935
769
1,025
828
1,047
851
1,144
74
57
80
62
91
67
94
69
27.5
24.4
-3 0 .6
-3 3 .5
Men who maintain families................................................................
Others in such families......................................................................
81
240
85
266
80
283
93
296
77
61
83
73
85
71
103
75
207.5
46.8
139.3
-1 2 .4
All other men 1...................................................................................
All other women 1..............................................................................
649
1,272
701
1,333
699
1,350
805
1,454
83
69
93
76
101
84
100
91
-7 .0
84.4
-63.1
23.2
White.................................................................................................. 13,417 13,889 14,252 14,949
Men.............................................................................................. 4,095 4,287 4,344 4,627
Women........................................................................................ 9,322 9,608 9,908 10,322
67
64
69
74
70
75
81
77
82
83
80
85
34.3
44.8
41.9
-2 4 .2
-1 4 .3
-1 7 .0
Black...................................................................................................
Men.............................................................................................
Women........................................................................................
1,391
466
925
1,455
500
955
1,468
499
969
1,500
521
979
62
62
61
71
75
69
80
81
80
80
81
79
-6 .3
-1 .0
-13.1
-6 2 .4
-5 7 .5
-6 8 .9
Hispanic origin....................................................................................
Men..............................................................................................
Women........................................................................................
587
225
363
661
263
398
718
267
451
735
277
458
68
64
70
79
81
79
83
81
84
84
83
85
15.4
29.2
13.3
-4 2 .0
-2 9 .0
-4 4 .0
RACE AN D H ISPA N IC O R IG IN
1 The majority of these persons are living alone or with nonrelatives. Also
included are persons in married-couple families where the husband is in the
99
Armed Forces, persons in secondary families, and some whose family
status is unknown.
Table 42. Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by State, 1980-82
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
State
Employed
Unemployment rate
Unemployed
1980
1981
1982
1980
1981
1982
Alabama........................
Alaska...........................
Arizona..........................
Arkansas.......................
California.......................
1,675
187
1,238
999
11,583
1,669
194
1,265
1,029
11,811
1,713
207
1,324
1,018
12,189
1,527
169
1,155
923
10,793
1,491
176
1,187
936
10,937
1,466
187
1,192
919
10,978
147
18
83
76
790
178
18
78
94
874
247
21
131
99
1,211
8.8
9.7
6.7
7.6
6.8
10.7
9.3
6.1
9.1
7.4
14.4
9.9
9.9
9.8
9.9
Colorado.......................
Connecticut...................
Delaware.......................
District of Columbia......
Florida...........................
1,501
1,594
284
329
4,267
1,535
1,591
288
312
4,504
1,577
1,608
299
315
4,728
1,413
1,500
262
305
4,017
1,451
1493
265
284
4,197
1,455
1,497
273
282
4,342
88
94
22
24
251
84
98
23
28
307
122
111
25
33
386
5.9
5.9
7.7
7.3
5.9
5.5
6.2
7.9
9.0
6.8
7.7
6.9
8.5
10.6
8.2
Georgia.........................
Hawaii............................
Idaho.............................
Illinois............................
Indiana..........................
2,542
439
429
5,540
2,633
2,596
450
428
5,578
2,627
2,658
458
439
5,587
2,594
2,379
417
395
5,082
2,380
2,430
426
395
5,103
2,363
2,451
428
396
4,954
2,284
163
21
34
458
252
165
24
32
474
264
207
31
43
632
310
6.4
4.9
7.9
8.3
9.6
6.4
5.4
7.6
8.5
10.1
7.8
6.7
9.8
11.3
11.9
Iowa...............................
Kansas..........................
Kentucky.......................
Louisiana.......................
Maine............................
1,433
1,185
1,662
1,788
507
1,427
1,191
1,665
1,854
509
1,418
1,185
1,675
1,855
515
1,351
1,132
1,530
1,667
468
1,328
1,141
1,525
1,697
472
1,297
1,111
1,497
1,664
470
82
53
133
121
39
99
50
140
156
37
121
74
178
192
44
5.8
4.5
8.0
6.7
7.8
6.9
4.2
8.4
8.4
7.2
8.5
6.3
10.6
10.3
8.6
Maryland.......................
Massachusetts..............
Michigan........................
Minnesota.....................
Mississippi....................
2,155
2,875
4,293
2,109
1,060
2,163
2,963
4,309
2,153
1,055
2,161
3,016
4,276
2,166
1.058
2,015
2,713
3,759
1,984
981
2,005
2,775
3,780
2,034
967
1,978
2,778
3,615
1,997
941
140
162
534
125
79
157
188
529
119
88
183
239
661
169
117
6.5
5.6
12.4
5.9
7.5
7.3
6.4
12.3
5.5
8.3
8.4
7.9
15.5
7.8
11.0
Missouri.........................
Montana........................
Nebraska......................
Nevada..........................
New Hampshire............
2,309
369
762
430
472
2,319
383
774
464
482
2,311
391
787
485
487
2,142
347
731
403
450
2,141
357
743
431
457
2,097
358
739
436
452
167
23
31
27
22
179
27
32
33
24
214
34
48
49
36
7.2
6.1
4.1
6.2
4.7
7.7
6.9
4.1
7.1
5.0
9.2
8.6
6.1
10.1
7.4
New Jersey....................
New Mexico..................
New York......................
North Carolina...............
North Dakota.................
3,582
561
7,972
2,859
303
3,587
578
8,023
2,919
311
3,624
592
8,026
2,944
315
3,323
519
7,375
2,671
288
3,325
536
7,411
2,731
295
3,299
538
7,339
2,678
297
259
42
597
187
15
262
42
613
188
16
325
54
687
266
18
7.2
7.5
7.5
6.6
5.0
7.3
7.3
7.6
6.4
5.0
9.0
9.2
8.6
9.0
5.9
Ohio...............................
Oklahoma.....................
Oregon..........................
Pennsylvania................
Rhode Island.................
5,087
1,370
1,297
5,433
473
5,099
1,446
1,337
5,482
479
5,122
1,468
1,315
5,482
482
4,660
1,303
1,190
5,008
439
4,607
1,395
1,205
5,024
443
4,481
1,384
1,164
4,883
433
426
66
108
425
34
492
52
132
458
36
640
83
152
599
49
8.4
4.8
8.3
7.8
7.2
9.6
3.6
9.9
8.4
7.6
12.5
5.7
11.5
10.9
10.2
South Carolina..............
South Dakota................
Tennessee....................
Texas.............................
Utah...............................
1,389
334
2,083
6,742
635
1,421
335
2,118
7,071
646
1,486
328
2,131
7,353
668
1,293
318
1,931
6,390
595
1,301
318
1,926
6,698
603
1,325
310
1,879
6,848
616
96
16
152
352
40
119
17
193
373
43
161
18
252
505
52
6.9
4.9
7.3
5.2
6.3
8.4
5.1
9.1
5.3
6.7
10.8
5.5
11.8
6.9
7.8
Vermont........................
Virginia..........................
Washington...................
West Virginia.................
Wisconsin.....................
Wyoming.......................
252
2,560
1,984
789
2,340
235
260
2,601
1,990
785
2,373
250
265
2,650
2,012
769
2,450
253
236
2,432
1,828
714
2,172
225
245
2,443
1,800
701
2,188
239
247
2,447
1,768
662
2,189
238
16
128
157
74
167
9
15
158
189
84
185
10
18
204
244
107
261
15
6.4
5.0
7.9
9.4
7.2
4.0
5.7
6.1
9.5
10.7
7.8
4.1
6.9
7.7
12.1
13.9
10.7
5.8
1980
1981
1982
1 These estimates are based on the Current Population Survey (CPS) and are subject to revised population controls.
100
1980
1981
1982
Table 43. Unemployment rates for regions and States by sex, age, and race, 1981-82
All civilian workers
Region and State
1981
1982
Women
Men
Error range
1982 1
1981
1982
Error rang
1982 1
1981
1982
Error range
1982 1
United States.............
7.6
9.7
9.6-9.8
7.4
9.9
9.7-10.0
7.9
9.4
9.3-9.6
Northeast .........................................
New England............................
Connecticut.......................
Maine.................................
Massachusetts..................
New Hampshire.................
Rhode Island....................
Vermont.............................
7.4
6.3
6.2
7.2
6.4
5.0
7.6
5.7
9.0
7.8
6.9
8.6
7.9
7.4
10.2
6.9
8.7-9.3
7.3-8.3
6.2-7.6
77-9.5
7.4-8.4
6.6-8.2
9.3-11.1
6.1-7.7
7.2
6.0
5.3
6.7
6.4
4.8
6.7
4.9
9.3
8.0
7.1
8.6
8.3
7.2
9.8
6.9
89-9.7
74-8.6
6.1-8.0
7.4-9.9
7.6-9.0
6.1-8.2
8.6-11.0
5.9-7.9
7.6
6.8
7.4
7.9
6.3
5.3
8.7
6.8
8.6
7.6
6.7
8.5
7.4
7.6
10.7
6.8
8.1-9.0
69-8.2
Middle Atlantic.........................
New Jersey.......................
New York..........................
Pennsylvania.....................
7.8
7.3
7.6
8.4
9.4
9.0
8.6
10.9
9.0-9.8
8.4-9.6
8.2-9.0
10.4-11.4
7.7
6.7
7.4
8.8
9.7
8.6
8.5
12.3
9.3-10.2
7.9-9.4
8.0-9.0
11.6-13.0
7.9
8.1
7.9
7.8
8.9
9.4
8.7
9.1
8.4-9.5
8.5-10.3
8.0-9.3
8.3-9.8
South.................................................
South Atlantic...........................
Delaware...........................
District of Columbia..........
Florida................................
Georgia..............................
Maryland............................
North Carolina..................
South Carolina..................
Virginia...............................
West Virginia.....................
7.0
7.0
7.9
9.0
6.8
6.4
7.3
6.4
8.4
6.1
10.7
8.9
8.7
8.5
10.6
8.2
7.8
8.4
9.0
10.8
7.7
13.9
8.7-9.1
8.4-9.0
7.6-9.4
9.6-11.6
7.6-8.8
7.0-8.6
7.7-9.1
8.1-9.9
9.8-11.8
6.7-87
12.8-15.0
6.4
6.4
7.1
9.6
6.6
5.4
7.1
5.5
7.3
4.9
11.8
8.7
8.5
9.2
12.0
8.1
7.3
8.6
8.0
10.8
7.1
15.5
8.4-9.0
8.1-9.0
8.1-10.4
10.5-13.4
7.3-8.8
6.3-8.3
7.6-9.5
6.9-9.2
9.5-12.1
5.8-8.4
14.1-16.9
7.9
7.7
9.0
8.4
7.1
7.5
7.5
7.7
9.8
7.6
8.9
9.2
9.0
7.6
9.2
8.3
8.4
8.3
10.2
10.9
8.4
11.5
C.9-9.6
8.5-9.5
6.4-8.8
8.0-10.5
7.4-9.1
7.2-9.5
7.3-9.3
8.9-11.6
9.5-12.3
6.8-9.9
9.9-13.1
East South Central...................
Alabama............................
Kentucky...........................
Mississippi.........................
T ennessee........................
9.2
10.7
8.4
8.3
9.1
12.1
14.4
10.6
11.0
11.8
11.5-12.7
13.3-15.5
9.5-11.7
10.0-12.0
10.8-12.8
8.5
9.6
7.9
7.2
8.7
11.8
14.0
11.0
10.7
11.1
11.0-12.6
12.5-15.5
9.5-12.4
9.4-12.1
9.8-12.4
10.1
12.0
9.0
9.8
9.6
12.4
14.9
10.1
11.4
12.7
11.5-13.3
13.2-16.6
8.5-11.7
9.9-12.9
11.2-14.3
West South Central..................
Arkansas...........................
Louisiana...........................
Oklahoma..........................
Texas.................................
5.9
9.1
8.4
3.6
5.3
7.5
9.8
10.3
5.7
6.9
7.1-7.9
8.8-10.8
9.4-11.2
5.0-6.4
6.8-8.8
5.2
8.3
7.5
3.5
4.4
7.3
8.5
9.8
6.3
6.7
6.8-7.8
7.3-9.8
8.7-10.9
5.4-7.3
6.1-7.3
7.0
10.1
9.8
3.6
6.4
7.8
11.3
11.1
4.8
7.1
7.2-8.4
9.7-12.8
9.7-12.5
3.8-5.8
6.4-7.9
North Central...................................
East North Central....................
Illinois.................................
Indiana...............................
Michigan............................
Ohio...................................
Wisconsin..........................
8.6
9.7
8.5
10.1
12.3
9.6
7.8
11.1
12.5
11.3
11.9
15.5
12.5
10.7
10.8-11.4
12.1-12.9
10.7-11.9
11.1-12.7
14.8-16.2
11.9-13.1
9.7-11.7
8.7
9.8
8.5
9.7
12.1
10.1
8.0
11.7
13.1
11.8
12.5
15.7
13.4
11.7
11.3-12.1
12.6-13.6
11.1-12.6
11.4-13.5
14.7-16.7
12.6-14.2
10.3-13.1
8.6
9.6
8.5
10.6
12.6
9.0
7.6
10.3
11.7
10.6
11.3
15.1
11.3
9.3
9.9-10.7
11.1-12.2
9.8-11.5
10.1-12.5
14.0-16.2
10.5-12.2
7.9-10.7
West North Central..................
Iowa...................................
Kansas...............................
Minnesota.........................
Missouri.............................
Nebraska...........................
North Dakota....................
South Dakota....................
6.0
6.9
4.2
5.5
7.7
4.1
5.0
5.1
7.8
8.5
6.3
7.8
9.2
6.1
5.9
5.5
7.4-8.2
7.6-9.4
5.5-7.1
7.0-8.6
8.4-10.0
5.3-6.9
5.0-6.8
4.7-6.3
6.0
7.0
4.2
5.8
7.4
3.8
5.1
5.1
8.3
10.0
7.0
8.3
9.3
6.5
5.9
5.2
7.7-8.9
8.6-11.3
5.8-8.1
7.1-9.4
8.3-10.4
5.4-7.6
4.8-7.0
4.1-6.3
6.0
6.8
4.3
5.2
8.1
4.4
4.9
5.1
7.1
6.6
5.4
7.3
9.1
5.6
5.8
5.9
6.5-77
5.3-7.8
4.2-6.5
6.1-8.5
7.9-10.3
4.4-6.7
4.5-7.2
4.6-7.2
West..................................................
Mountain...................................
Arizona..............................
Colorado............................
Idaho..................................
Montana............................
Nevada..............................
New Mexico......................
Utah...................................
Wyoming...........................
7.4
6.3
6.1
5.5
7.6
6.9
7.1
7.3
6.7
4.1
9.9
8.7
9.9
7.7
9.8
8.6
10.1
9.2
7.8
5.8
9.6-10.2
8.3-9.1
9.0-10.8
6.9-8.5
8.8-10.8
76-9.6
9.1-11.1
8.2-10.2
6.8-8.8
5.0-6.6
7.5
6.0
5.7
5.4
7.7
6.5
7.1
7.1
5.8
3.9
10.1
9.0
10.1
8.2
10.1
9.4
10.6
8.6
7.9
6.4
9.7-10.5
8.4-9.6
8.9-11.4
7.1-9.3
8.7-11.5
8.1-10.8
9.2-11.9
7.4-9.8
6.6-9.2
5.3-7.5
7.0
6.7
6.7
5.7
7.4
7.6
7.1
7.5
7.9
4.5
9.5
8.4
9.7
7.1
9.5
7.4
9.6
9.9
7.6
5.0
9.0-9.9
7.7-9.0
8.3-11.0
5.9-8.3
7.9-11.1
6.0-8.9
8.1-11.0
8.4-11.5
6.1-9.2
3.8-6.1
Pacific........................................
Alaska................................
California...........................
Hawaii................................
Oregon ..............................
Washington.......................
7.8
9.3
7.4
5.4
9.9
9.5
10.2
9.9
9.9
6.7
11.5
12.1
9.8-10.6
8.8-11.0
9.6-10.2
6.0-7.4
10.5-12.5
11.0-13.2
8.0
10.4
7.5
5.8
10.4
9.7
10.6
11.0
10.2
7.3
11.6
12.7
10.1-11.1
9.5-12.4
9.7-10.7
6.3-8.4
10.3-12.9
11.2-14.1
7.7
7.7
7.3
4.9
9.2
9.3
9.9
8.5
9.6
5.9
11.5
11.4
9.3-10.4
7.0-10.0
9.1-10.1
4.9-7.0
9.9-13.0
9.8-13.0
See footnotes at end of table.
101
57-7.8
7.1-9.9
6.6-8.1
6.4-88
9.4-12.1
57-7.9
Table 43. Unemployment rates for regions and States by sex, age, and race, 1981-82—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Region and State
1981
1982
Error range
1982 1
White
1981
1982
Black
Error range
1982 1
1981
1982
Error range
1982 1
United S tates.............
Northeast..........................................
New England............................
Connecticut.......................
Maine.................................
Massachusetts..................
New Hampshire.................
Rhode Island....................
Vermont.............................
19.6
20.1
16.6
17.2
18.1
15.9
15.4
19.4
13.1
23.2
22.1
20.7
18.3
22.8
21.4
16.2
27.0
17.4
22.7-23.7
20.7-23.5
18.5-23.0
14.6-21.9
18.5-27.2
18.9-23.9
12.5-19.9
22.9-31.0
13.6-21.2
6.7
6.6
6.0
5.4
7.2
6.1
5.1
7.3
5.7
8.6
8.3
7.6
6.2
8.6
7.8
7.3
10.0
6.9
8.5-8.7
8.0-8.5
7.1-8.0
5.5-6.9
7.6-9.5
7.2-8.3
6.5-8.1
9.1-10.9
6.1-7.6
15.6
15.5
14.6
17.7
(2)
11.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
18.9
16.7
14.4
16.7
(2)
11.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
18.5-19.4
15.4-18.0
11.0-17.9
12.9-20.6
(2)
8.0-14.6
(2)
(2)
(2)
Middle Atlantic.........................
New Jersey.......................
New York..........................
Pennsylvania.....................
21.7
23.2
21.9
20.3
22.7
22.5
22.3
23.3
21.0-24.4
19.7-25.4
20.2-24.5
20.9-25.7
6.9
6.5
6.6
7.5
8.5
7.9
7.8
9.9
8.2-8.9
7.3-8.5
74-8.2
9.4-10.5
15.6
14.4
14.7
18.7
17.0
18.8
13.8
22.8
15.6-18.4
16.4-21.2
12.5-15.2
20.4-25.3
South.................................................
South Atlantic...........................
Delaware...........................
District of Columbia..........
Florida................................
Georgia..............................
Maryland............................
North Carolina..................
South Carolina..................
Virginia...............................
West Virginia......................
19.8
19.6
18.1
34.8
19.4
18.3
18.6
17.2
20.9
20.4
30.3
24.4
23.8
24.9
36.9
22.6
21.2
23.6
23.6
24.4
25.8
32.0
23.3-25.5
22.2-25.5
20.8-29.0
31.4-42.5
19.8-25.5
17.2-25.1
20.2-26.9
18.9-28.3
19.9-28.9
20.0-31.6
27.2-36.7
5.6
5.6
6.5
4.7
5.8
5.0
5.5
4.9
5.5
4.9
10.6
7.2
7.0
6.9
4.0
6.6
6.1
7.1
6.8
8.0
6.2
13.9
7.0-7.5
6.7-7.4
6.1-7.8
2.9-5.1
6.1-7.2
5.4-6.9
6.4-7.8
5.9-7.6
7.0-9.0
5.2-7.2
12.8-15.0
14.0
12.7
15.8
11.1
11.8
12.1
14.5
12.8
15.1
11.5
(2)
17.2
15.7
17.4
13.8
16.0
13.3
14.8
19.3
17.2
14.7
(2)
16.4-17.9
14.8-16.7
14.5-20.2
12.4-15.1
14.2-17.9
11.4-15.3
12.7-16.8
16.5-22.2
15.1-19.3
11.5-17.9
(2)
East South Central...................
Alabama............................
Kentucky...........................
Mississippi..........................
T ennessee........................
26.3
27.0
22.5
25.1
29.4
31.3
31.6
27.6
31.1
34.3
28.8-33.9
26.7-36.5
22.4-32.8
26.0-36.1
29.6-38.9
7.2
7.5
8.0
4.8
7.4
9.6
10.9
10.1
6.9
9.3
9.0-10.2
9.8-12.1
9.0-11.3
5.9-7.9
8.3-10.3
18.2
21.3
14.5
16.9
17.2
23.7
26.9
17.9
21.2
24.1
22.0-25.4
24.0-29.8
12.5-23.3
18.8-23.6
21.0-27.1
West South Central..................
Arkansas...........................
Louisiana...........................
Oklahoma..........................
Texas.................................
16.6
21.8
21.0
11.9
15.6
21.4
29.1
27.6
13.1
20.4
19.4-23.3
24.4-33.8
23.2-31.9
9.7-16.6
17.8-23.0
4.8
7.2
5.9
3.1
4.5
6.3
8.2
7.3
5.1
6.0
5.9-6.6
7.2-9.2
6.4-8.2
4.4-5.7
5.5-6.5
13.7
21.1
15.8
9.2
11.5
15.4
19.5
19.0
12.1
12.7
14.0-16.7
15.9-23.0
16.8-21.1
7.4-16.8
10.8-14.6
North Central...................................
East North Central...................
Illinois.................................
Indiana...............................
Michigan............................
Ohio...................................
Wisconsin..........................
19.5
22.0
20.5
20.6
25.5
23.1
17.9
22.7
25.6
23.3
24.8
28.7
27.5
21.6
21.5-24.0
24.0-27.1
20.8-25.9
21.1-28.4
25.9-31.4
24.9-30.2
17.4-25.9
7.6
8.5
7.1
9.1
10.6
8.6
7.4
9.7
10.9
9.2
11.0
13.3
11.2
10.1
9.4-10.0
10.6-11.3
8.7-9.8
10.2-11.8
12.6-14.1
10.6-11.7
9.1-11.1
20.8
21.8
19.1
23.4
26.8
20.4
(2)
26.9
27.3
26.2
23.7
33.3
25.0
(2)
25.5-28.3
25.8-28.9
24.1-28.4
20.0-27.4
30.5-36.0
22.6-27.4
(2)
West North Central..................
Iowa...................................
Kansas...............................
Minnesota.........................
Missouri.............................
Nebraska...........................
North Dakota....................
South Dakota....................
See footnotes at end of table.
14.1
16.3
10.4
13.7
17.1
9.9
9.9
12.6
16.3
17.4
11.6
14.3
21.7
16.2
13.1
12.0
14.5-18.2
13.3-21.5
7.8-15.3
10.8-17.8
17.8-25.7
12.2-20.3
9.0-17.2
8.1-15.9
5.6
6.6
3.9
5.4
6.9
3.6
4.7
4.2
7.1
8.2
5.5
7.3
8.0
5.6
5.4
4.9
6.7-7.5
7.2-9.1
4.7-6.3
6.5-8.1
7.2-8.8
4.8-6.4
4.6-6.3
A.1-5 8
15.5
(2)
10.5
(2)
16.3
15.9
(2)
24.0
(2)
21.3
(2)
22.6
23.3
(2)
(2)
20.7-27.3
(2)
14.5-28.1
(2)
18.8-26.3
14.5-32.2
(2)
(2)
102
'1)
Table 43. Unemployment rates for regions and States by sex, age, and race, 1981 >82—Continued
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Region and State
1981
West..................................................
Mountain...................................
Arizona..............................
Colorado............................
Idaho..................................
Montana............................
Nevada..............................
New Mexico......................
Utah...................................
Wyoming...........................
Pacific........................................
Alaska................................
California...........................
Hawaii................................
Oregon ..............................
Washington.......................
18.9
17.1
14.5
18.7
18.2
19.2
16.5
21.9
15.4
11.8
19.7
15.7
18.7
16.9
22.8
24.0
1982
22.9
21.0
25.2
18.6
18.4
19.8
22.8
24.2
19.0
13.0
23.7
17.5
23.4
22.3
25.6
25.1
Black
White
Error range
1982 1
1981
21.5-24.3
19.0-23.0
21.0-29.3
14.5-22.7
14.0-22.8
14.5-25.0
17.8-27.8
19.7-28.8
14.5-23.5
8.6-17.4
21.9-25.5
12.6-22.3
21.7-25.2
17.7-26.9
20.6-30.5
20.2-29.9
7.0
6.0
6.1
5.3
7.6
6.1
6.5
6.2
6.6
4.0
7.4
7.3
6.9
6.5
9.2
9.1
1 Error ranges are shown for 1982 unemployment rates at the 90-percent
confidence interval, which means that, if repeated samples were drawn
from the same population and an error range constructed around each
sample estimate, in 9 out of 10 cases the true value based on a complete
1982
Error range
1982 1
9.4
8.3
9.5
7.7
9.8
7.7
9.2
7.9
7.7
5.6
9.8
8.5
9.4
7.7
11.0
11.4
1981
9.1-9.7
7.9-8.7
8.5-10.4
6.8-8.5
8.7-10.8
6.8-8.7
8.2-10.3
6.9-8.8
6.7-8.7
4.8-6.4
9.4-10.2
7.4-9.6
9.1-9.8
6.2-9.1
10.0-12.0
10.3-12.6
14.6
12.3
(2)
8.6
(2)
(2)
16.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
14.9
12.7
14.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
1982
16.7
15.2
(2)
8.4
(2)
(2)
21.6
(2)
(2)
(2)
16.9
15.8
16.4
(2)
(2)
O
Error range
1982 1
15.1-18.4
11.9-18.5
(2)
3.3-13.6
(2)
(2)
16.3-27.0
(2)
(2)
(2)
15.1-18.8
8.7-22.9
14.8-18.0
(2)
(2)
(2)
census of the population would be contained within these error ranges.
2 Unemployment rates are not shown when they do not meet BLS stand
ards of publication for the State, based on the sample in that State.
Table 44. Unemployment rates for Hispanic-origin workers, selected States, 1980-82
Unemployment rate
State
1980
Error range 1 1982
1982
1981
United S tates..............................................................
10.1
10.4
13.8
13.3-14.3
Arizona...................................................................................
10.2
10.6
17.2
14.1-20.2
California.................................................................................
10.0
11.3
15.3
14.3-16.3
Colorado..................................................................................
11.3
13.4
15.6
11.8-19.3
Florida......................................................................................
7.1
8.2
11.6
9.5-13.7
Illinois.......................................................................................
14.6
12.7
18.5
15.1-21.8
New Mexico............................................................................
11.3
9.7
13.2
11.1-15.3
New York................................................................................
10.9
11.1
13.2
11.5-15.0
Texas.......................................................................................
8.5
7.8
10.4
9.1-11.7
1 State error ranges for the Hispanic-origin population were not available
at the time of publication. The State error ranges provided are computed
from the sampling error tables for black and other workers and serve as an
approximation of the sampling errors for Hispanic workers. Error ranges are
shown at the 90-percent confidence interval, which means that, if repeated
103
samples were drawn from the same population and an error range con
structed around each sample estimate, in 9 out of 10 cases, the true value
based on a complete census of the population would be contained within
these error ranges.
Table 45. Persons with work experience during the year by sex and extent of employment, 1950-81
Percent distribution
Number who worked during year (thousands)1
Sex and
year
Full time2
Total
Part time3
Total
50 to 27 to 1 to 26
52
49
Total
weeks weeks weeks
Part time3
Full time2
27
to
50 to
to 26 Total
49 1weeks
52
weeks weeks
Total
50 to 27 to 1 to 26
Total
52
49
weeks weeks weeks
50 to 27 to 1 to 26
52
49
weeks weeks weeks
TO TA L
1950...........
1951...........
1952...........
1953...........
1954...........
68,876
69,962
70,512
70,682
71,797
58,181
59,544
60,294
60,532
60,059
38,375
40,142
40,486
41,601
40,080
11,795
12,018
12,374
12,003
12,025
8,013
7,384
7,434
6,928
7,954
10,695
10,418
10,218
10,150
11,738
3,322
3,144
3,092
3,270
3,701
2,214
2,240
2,294
2,333
2,663
5,162
5,034
4,832
4,547
5,374
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
84.5
85.1
85.5
85.6
83.7
55.7
57.4
57.4
58.9
55.8
17.1
17.2
17.5
17.0
16.7
11.6
10.6
10.5
9.8
11.1
15.5
14.9
14.5
14.4
16.3
4.8
4.5
4.4
4.6
5.2
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.7
7.5
7.2
6.9
6.4
7.5
1955...........
1956...........
1957...........
1958...........
1959...........
75,353
75,852
77,664
77,117
78,162
62,581
62,437
62,874
61,676
63,004
42,624
42,778
42,818
41,329
42,030
11,952
11,791
11,981
11,546
12,515
8,005
7,868
8,075
8,799
8,459
12,772
13,415
14,790
15,441
15,158
4,773
4,760
4,989
5,402
5,173
2,573
2,693
2,872
3,025
3,104
5,426
5,962
6,929
7,014
6,881
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
83.1
82.3
81.0
80.0
80.6
56.6
56.4
55.1
53.6
53.8
15.9
15.5
15.4
15.0
16.0
10.6
10.4
10.4
11.4
10.8
16.9
17.7
19.0
20.0
19.4
6.3
6.3
6.4
7.0
6.6
3.4
3.6
3.7
3.9
4.0
7.2
7.9
8.9
9.1
8.8
1960...........
1961...........
1962...........
1963...........
1964...........
80,618
80,287
82,057
83,227
85,124
64,153
64,218
65,327
66,167
67,825
43,265
43,006
44,079
45,449
46,846
12,132
12,042
12,102
11,565
11,691
8,756
9,170
9,146
9,153
9,288
16,465
16,069
16,730
17,060
17,299
5,307
5,191
5,130
5,229
5,268
3,290
3,068
3,368
3,353
3,374
7,868
7,810
8,232
8,478
8,657
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
79.6
80.0
79.6
79.5
79.6
53.7
53.6
53.7
54.6
55.0
15.0
15.0
14.7
13.9
13.7
10.9
11.4
11.1
11.0
10.9
20.4
20.0
20.4
20.5
20.3
6.6
6.5
6.3
6.3
6.2
4.1
3.8
4.1
4.0
4.0
9.8
9.7
10.0
10.2
10.2
1965...........
19664.........
1967...........
1968...........
1969...........
86,186
86,266
88,179
90,230
92,477
68,697
70,140
71,909
73,266
74,153
48,392
50,049
51,705
52,285
52,796
11,171
10,647
10,702
11,111
11,381
9,134
9,444
9,502
9,866
9,976
17,489
16,126
16,270
16,964
18,324
5,418
5,407
5,641
5,769
6,282
3,268
3,380
3,430
3,720
4,112
8,803
7,339
7,199
7,475
7,930
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
79.7
81.3
81.5
81.2
80.2
56.1
58.0
58.6
57.9
57.1
13.0
12.3
12.1
12.3
12.3
10.6
10.9
10.8
10.9
10.8
20.3
18.7
18.5
18.8
19.8
6.3
6.3
6.4
6.4
6.8
3.8
3.9
3.9
4.1
4.4
10.2
8.5
8.2
8.3
8.6
1970........... 93,850 74.520
1971........... 95,481 75,767
1972........... 97,654 78,157
1973........... 101,112 80,198
1974........... 102,608 80,710
52,143
53,536
55,708
57,648
55,756
12,157
11,702
11,694
11,900
13,622
10,220
10,529
10,756
10,651
11,336
19,330
19,714
19,496
20,913
21,897
6,323
6,827
6,562
7,029
7,133
4.367
4,456
4,334
4,837
5,562
8,640
8,431
8,601
9,047
9,201
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
79.4
79.4
80.0
79.3
78.7
55.6
56.1
57.0
57.0
54.3
13.0
12.3
12.0
11.8
13.3
10.9
11.0
11.0
10.5
11.0
20.6
20.6
20.0
20.7
21.3
6.7
7.2
6.7
7.0
7.0
4.7
4.7
4.4
4.8
5.4
9.2
8.8
8.8
8.9
8.9
1975...........
1976...........
1977...........
1978...........
1979...........
55,690
57,346
59,725
63,174
64,706
13,226
13,639
14,155
14,044
14,905
11,990
12,036
11,727
11,626
11,179
21,697
22,788
23,307
23,492
24,204
7,686
7,611
7,773
7,890
8,190
5,391
5,679
5,846
6,112
6,291
8,618
9,495
9,688
9,489
9,722
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
78.9
78.5
78.6
79.1
79.0
54.3
54.2
54.8
56.2
56.3
12.9
12.9
13.1
12.5
13.0
11.7
11.4
10.8
10.3
9.7
21.1
21.5
21.4
20.9
21.0
7.5
7.2
7.1
7.0
7.1
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.5
8.4
9.0
8.9
8.4
8.5
1980........... 115,752 90,920 64,936 14,466 11,517 24,832
1981........... 116,794 90,670 65,292 14,436 10,942 26,124
8,937
9,133
6,028 9,867
6,596 10,395
100.0
100.0
78.5
77.6
56.1
55.9
12.5
12.4
9.9
9.4
21.5
22.4
7.7
7.8
5.2
5.6
8.5
8.9
102,603
105,809
108,914
112,335
114,993
80,906
83,021
85,605
88,843
90,789
Men
1950...........
1951...........
1952...........
1953...........
1954...........
45,526
45,364
45,704
46,146
46,318
41,042
41,338
41,816
42,059
41,404
29,783
30,894
30,878
31,902
30,389
7,624
7,518
7,922
7,317
7,567
3,636
2,£26
3,016
2,840
3,448
4,484
4,026
3,888
4,087
4,914
1,406
1,310
1,178
1,341
1,552
1,004
918
896
1,055
1,227
2,074
1,798
1,814
1,691
2,135
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
90.2
91.1
91.5
91.1
89.4
65.4
68.1
67.6
69.1
65.6
16.7
16.6
17.3
15.9
16.3
8.0
6.4
6.6
6.2
7.4
9.8
8.9
8.5
8.9
10.6
3.1
2.9
2.6
2.9
3.4
2.2
2.0
2.0
2.3
2.6
4.6
4.0
4.0
3.7
4.6
1955...........
1956...........
1957...........
1958...........
1959..........
47,624
47,904
48,709
48,380
48,973
42,814
42,704
42,886
42,052
42,997
32,127
32,342
32,089
30,727
31,502
7,356
7,218
7,350
7,233
7,830
3,331
3,144
3,447
4,091
3,665
4,810
5,200
5,823
6,328
5,976
1,930
1,920
2,135
2,348
2,211
1,066
1,074
1,115
1,259
1,224
1,814
2,206
2,573
2,721
2,541
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
89.9
89.1
88.0
86.9
87.8
67.5
67.5
65.9
63.5
64.3
15.5
15.1
15.1
15.0
16.0
7.0
6.6
7.1
8.5
7.5
10.1
10.9
12.0
13.1
12.2
4.1
4.0
4.4
4.9
4.5
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.6
2.5
3.8
4.6
5.3
5.6
5.2
1960..........
1961..........
1962..........
1963..........
1964..........
50,033
49,854
50,639
51,039
51,978
43,476
43,467
43,987
44,294
45,313
31,966
31,769
32,513
33,587
34,428
7,653
7,434
7,185
6,686
6,723
3,857
4,264
4,289
4,021
4,162
6,557
6,387
6,652
6,745
6,665
2,247
2,240
2,114
2,098
2,164
1,267
1,163
1,305
1,274
1,220
3,043
2,984
3,233
3,373
3,281
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
86.9
87.2
86.9
86.8
87.1
63.9
63.7
64.2
65.8
66.2
15.3
14.9
14.2
13.1
12.9
7.7
8.6
8.5
7.9
8.0
13.1
12.8
13.1
13.2
12.8
4.5
4.5
4.2
4.1
4.2
2.5
2.3
2.6
2.5
2.3
6.1
6.0
6.4
6.6
6.3
1965..........
19664........
1967..........
1968..........
1969..........
52,419
51,708
52,392
53,312
54,390
45,552
45,909
46,658
47,313
47,750
35,300
36,191
36,621
37,014
37,160
6,306
5,802
6,051
6,111
6,383
3,946
3,916
3,986
4,188
4,207
6,867
5,799
5,734
5,999
6,640
2,326
2,091
2,096
2,237
2,366
1,197
1,162
1,202
1,227
1,449
3,344
2,546
2,436
2,535
2,825
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
86.9
88.8
89.1
88.7
87.8
67.3
70.0
69.9
69.4
68.3
12.0
11.2
11.5
11.5
11.7
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.9
7.7
13.1
11.2
10.9
11.3
12.2
4.4
4.0
4.0
4.2
4.4
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.7
6.4
4.9
4.6
4.8
5.2
48 143 36 361
49,056 37,138
50,326 38,596
51,422 39 956
51,826 38^310
end of table.
7 176
6,942
6,808
6 736
8’056
4 647
4,975
4^922
4 729
5'460
6 858
7^202
7,095
7 437
2 441
1 455
2 962
3'089
3^160
3 266
3J42
100 0
100 0
100.0
100 0
100.0
87 5
87 2
87.6
87 4
87.3
66 1
66 0
67.2
67 9
64.5
13 0
12.3
11.9
11 4
13.6
84
8.8
8.6
80
9.2
12 5
12.8
12.4
12 6
12.7
44
4.5
4.2
43
4.3
2.6
2.8
2.7
28
3.2
5.4
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.3
1970.......... 55,041
1971.......... 56,257
1972.......... 57,420
1973.......... 58,858
1974.......... 59^389
See footnotes at
2,535 i,577
2,403 1^532
2532 1 639
7,565 2,545 T877
104
Table 45. Persons with work experience during the year by sex and extent of employment,
1950- 81—Continued
Percent distribution
Number who worked during year (thousands)1
Sex and
year
Full time2
Total
Part time3
Total
50 to 27 to 1 to 26
49
52
Total
weeks weeks weeks
51,706
52,791
53,922
55,353
56,078
Part time3
Full time2
50 to 27 to 1 to 26 Total
49
52
weeks weeks weeks
Total
50 to 27 to 1 to 26
49
52
Total
weeks weeks weeks
50 to 27 to 1 to 26
49
52
weeks weeks weeks
M en— C o n
tin u e d
1975...........
1976...........
1977...........
1978...........
1979...........
59,091
60,361
61,693
63,015
64,063
37,693
38,669
39,835
41,656
42,464
7,908
8,014
8,239
8,005
8,259
6,104
6,107
5,847
5,689
5,355
7,386
7,571
7,772
7,664
7,986
2,578
2,541
2,525
2,544
2,699
1,772
1,796
1,910
1,913
1,999
3,035
3,234
3,337
3,206
3,288
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
87.5
87.5
87.4
87.8
87.5
63.8
64.1
64.6
66.1
66.3
13.4
13.3
13.4
12.7
12.9
10.3
10.1
9.5
9.0
8.4
12.5
12.5
12.6
12.2
12.5
4.4
4.2
4.1
4.0
4.2
3.0
3.0
3.1
3.0
3.1
5.1
5.3
5.4
5.1
5.1
1980...........
1981...........
64,260 56,031 41,915
64,769 55,808 41,806
8,284
8,338
5,831
5,665
8,229
8,961
2,814
2,946
1,901
2,085
3,515
3,930
100.0
100.0
87.2
86.2
65.2
64.5
12.9
12.9
9.1
8.7
12.8
13.8
4.4
4.5
3.0
3.2
5.5
6.1
1950...........
1951...........
1952...........
1953...........
1954...........
23,350
24,598
24,808
24,536
25,479
17,139
18,206
18,478
18,473
18,655
8,592
9,248
9,608
9,699
9,691
4,171
4,500
4,452
4,686
4,458
4,377
4,458
4,418
4,088
4,506
6,211
6,392
6,330
6,063
6,824
1,916
1,834
1,914
1,929
2,149
1,210
1,322
1,398
1,278
1,436
3,088
3,236
3,018
2,856
3,239
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
73.4
74.0
74.5
75.3
73.2
36.8
37.6
38.7
39.5
38.0
17.9
18.3
17.9
19.1
17.5
18.7
18.1
17.8
16.7
17.7
26.6
26.0
25.5
24.7
26.8
8.2
7.5
7.7
7.9
8.4
5.1
5.4
5.6
5.2
5.6
13.2
13.2
12.2
11.6
12.7
1955...........
1956...........
1957...........
1958...........
1959...........
27,729
27,948
28,955
28,736
29,189
19,767
19,733
19,988
19,623
20,007
10,497
10,436
10,729
10,602
10,528
4,596
4,573
4,631
4,313
4,685
4,674
4,724
4,628
4,708
4,794
7,962
8,215
8,967
9,113
9,182
2,843
2,840
2,854
3,054
2,962
1,507
1,619
1,757
1,766
1,880
3,612
3,756
4,356
4,293
4,340
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
71.3
70.6
69.0
68.3
68.5
37.9
37.3
37.0
36.9
36.1
16.5
16.4
16.0
15.0
16.1
16.9
16.9
16.0
16.4
16.4
28.7
29.4
31.0
31.7
31.5
10.3
10.2
9.9
10.6
10.1
5.4
5.8
6.1
6.1
6.4
13.0
13.4
15.0
14.9
14.9
1960...........
1961...........
1962...........
1963...........
1964...........
30,585
30,433
31,418
32,188
33,146
20,677
20,751
21,340
21,873
22,512
11,299
11,237
11,566
11,862
12,418
4,479
4,608
4,917
4,879
4,968
4,899 9,908
4,906 9,682
4,857 10,078
5,132 10,315
5,126 10,634
3,060
2,951
3,016
3,131
3,104
2,023
1,905
2,063
2,079
2,154
4,825
4,826
4,999
5,105
5,376
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
67.6
68.2
67.9
68.0
68.0
36.9
36.9
36.8
36.9
37.5
14.6
15.1
15.6
15.2
15.0
16.0
16.1
15.5
15.9
15.5
32.4
31.8
32.1
32.0
32.1
10.0
9.7
9.6
9.7
9.4
6.6
6.3
6.6
6.5
6.5
15.8
15.9
15.9
15.9
16.2
1965...........
19664.........
1967...........
1968...........
1969...........
33,767
34,558
35,787
36,918
38,087
23,145
24,231
25,251
25,953
26,403
13,092
13,858
15,084
15,271
15,636
4,865
4,845
4,651
5,004
4,998
5,188
5,528
5,516
5,678
5,769
10,622
10,327
10,536
10,965
11,684
3,092
3,316
3,545
3,532
3,916
2,071
2,218
2,228
2,493
2,663
5,459
4,793
4,763
4,940
5,105
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
68.5
70.1
70.6
70.3
69.3
38.8
40.1
42.1
41.4
41.1
14.4
14.0
13.0
13.6
13.1
15.4
16.0
15.4
15.4
15.1
31.5
29.9
29.4
29.7
30.7
9.2
9.6
9.9
9.6
10.3
6.1
6.4
6.2
6.8
7.0
16.2
13.9
13.3
13.4
13.4
1970...........
1971...........
1972...........
1973...........
1974...........
38,809
39,224
40,233
42,253
43,218
26,337
26,712
27,831
28,776
28,885
15,782
16,398
17,112
17,691
17,445
4,982
4,760
4,886
5,163
5,566
5,574
5,553
5,834
5,922
5,876
12,472
12,512
12,402
13,477
14,333
3,882
4,293
4,159
4,497
4,589
2,911
2,879
2,802
3,199
3,685
5,679
5,341
5,441
5,781
6,060
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
67.9
68.1
69.2
68.1
66.8
40.7
41.8
42.5
41.9
40.4
12.8
12.1
12.1
12.2
12.9
14.4
14.2
14.5
14.0
13.6
32.1
31.9
30.8
31.9
33.2
10.0
10.9
10.3
10.6
10.6
7.5
7.3
7.0
7.6
8.6
14.6
13.6
13.5
13.7
14.0
1975...........
1976...........
1977...........
1978...........
1979...........
43,511
45,447
47,219
49,318
50.929
29,201
30,232
31,683
33,491
34,711
17,997
18,676
19,889
21,517
22,242
5,317
5,627
5,914
6,038
6,645
5,886
5,930
5,881
5,935
5,824
14,310
15,215
15,536
15,828
16,218
5,109
5,071
5,247
5,346
5,491
3,619
3,884
3,937
4,201
4,293
5,583
6,262
6,352
6,282
6,434
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
67.1
66.5
67.1
67.9
68.2
41.4
41.1
42.1
43.6
43.7
12.2
12.4
12.5
12.2
13.0
13.5
13.0
12.5
12.0
11.4
32.9
33.5
32.9
32.1
31.8
11.7
11.2
11.1
10.8
10.8
8.3
8.5
8.3
8.5
8.4
12.8
13.8
13.5
12.7
12.6
1980...........
1981...........
51,492 34,889 23,021
52,025 34,862 23,486
6,182
6,098
5,686 16,603
5,277 17,164
6,124
6,187
4,127
4,512
6,352
6,465
100.0
100.0
67.8
67.0
44.7
45.1
12.0
11.7
11.0
10.1
32.2
33.0
11.9
11.9
8.0
8.7
12.3
12.4
W om en
1 Time worked includes paid vacation and paid sick leave.
2 Usually worked 35 hours or more a week.
3 Usually worked 1 to 34 hours a week.
t
4 Data for 1966 forward refer to persons 16 years and over; 14 years and
over for prior years.
105
Table 46. Extent of unemployment during the year by sex, 1957-81
[Numbers in thousands]
Sex and extent of unemployment
1957
1958
78,585
14.7
11,568
78,787
17.9
14,120
921
10,647
1959 1
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
79,494
15.3
12,195
82,204
17.2
14,151
81,963
18.4
15,096
83,944
18.2
15,256
85,038
16.7
14,211
86,837
16.2
14,052
87,591
14.1
12,334
87,540
13.0
11.387
89,432
12.9
11,564
1,670
12,449
1,332
10,863
1,586
12,565
1,676
13,420
1,887
13,369
1,811
12,400
1,713
12,339
1,405
10,929
1,274
10,113
1,253
10,311
1,119
1,180
840
1,062
1,036
1,129
1,239
1,121
1,207
1,269
1,381
9,528
2,443
2,339
1,394
1,898
1,454
11,269
2,387
2,367
1,479
2,556
2,482
10,023
2,569
2,348
1,403
2,070
1,633
11,503
2,834
2,704
1,517
2,466
1,982
12,384
3,098
2,559
1,669
2,849
2,209
12,240
2,993
2,759
1,700
2,768
2,020
11,161
2,708
2,407
1,595
2,622
1,840
11,218
3,060
2,550
1,514
2,444
1,650
9,722
3,151
2,208
1,286
1,995
1,082
8,844
3,348
2,038
1,047
1,567
844
8,930
3,357
2,073
1,177
1,520
803
4,377
(s)
(5)
5,117
(s)
(5)
4,228
1,813
2,415
4,602
2,034
2,568
4,963
2,299
2,664
5,219
2,524
2,695
4,635
2,246
2,389
4,755
2,342
2,413
3,942
1,765
2,177
3,411
1,465
1,946
3,357
1,503
1,854
49,444
15.7
7,758
49,158
19.6
9,645
49,523
16.5
8,162
50,686
18.4
9,318
50,610
19.4
9,846
51,412
18.8
9,686
51,817
17.2
8,923
52,645
16.3
8,563
52,958
14.0
7,428
52,103
12.5
6,503
52,788
12.6
6,655
735
7,023
778
8,867
550
7,613
653
8,665
756
9,090
773
8,913
778
8,145
667
7,896
539
6,889
395
6,108
396
6,259
447
863
657
779
791
817
934
815
886
923
1,002
6,576
1,475
1,646
1,030
1,385
1,039
8,004
1,435
1,692
1,094
1,950
1,835
6,956
1,472
1,688
1,031
1,564
1,201
7,886
1,651
1,907
1,123
1,821
1,384
8,299
1,709
1,878
1,217
2,027
1,468
8,096
1,668
1,891
1,194
1,960
1,383
7,211
1,521
1,609
1,122
1,802
1,157
7,081
1,675
1,706
1,038
1,605
1,057
6,003
1,694
1,391
872
1,347
699
5,185
1,727
1,286
707
972
493
5,257
1,743
1,310
759
979
466
3,171
(5)
(5)
3,850
(5)
(5)
3,173
1,293
1,880
3,430
1,453
1,977
3,618
1,603
2,015
3,805
1,788
2,017
3,269
1,526
1,743
3,314
1,576
1,738
2,769
1,147
1,622
2,295
900
1,395
2,228
908
1,320
29,141
13.1
3,810
29,628
15.1
4,474
29,971
13.5
4,032
31,518
15.3
4,833
31,353
16.7
5,250
32,532
17.1
5,570
33,221
15.9
5,288
34,192
16.1
5,489
34,633
14.2
4,906
35,437
13.8
4,884
36,644
13.4
4,909
186
3,624
892
3,582
782
3,250
993
3,900
920
4,330
1,114
4,456
1,033
4,255
1,046
4,443
866
4,040
879
4,005
857
4,052
672
317
184
283
245
312
305
306
321
346
379
2,952
968
693
363
513
415
3,265
952
675
385
606
647
3,067
1,097
660
372
506
432
3,617
1,183
797
394
645
598
4,085
1,389
681
452
822
741
4,144
1,325
868
506
808
637
3,950
1,187
798
473
809
683
4,137
1,385
844
476
839
593
3,719
1,457
817
414
640
383
3,659
1,621
752
340
595
351
3,673
1,614
763
418
541
337
1,206
(5)
(5)
1,267
(5)
(5)
1,055
520
535
1,172
581
591
1,345
696
649
1,414
736
678
1,366
720
646
1,441
766
675
1,173
618
555
1,116
565
551
1,129
595
534
1966 2
1967
TO TA L
Total who worked or looked for
work...............................................
Percent with unemployment....
Number with unemployment....
Did not work but looked for
work.......................................
Worked during year..................
Year-round workers3 with 1 or 2
weeks of unemployment..............
Part-year workers4 with unemployment.......................................
1 to 4 w eeks............................
5 to 10 weeks..........................
11 to 14 weeks........................
15 to 26 weeks........................
27 weeks or more....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment..............................
2 spells......................................
3 or more spells.......................
Men
Total who worked or looked for
work...............................................
Percent with unemployment....
Number with unemployment....
Did not work but looked for
work.......................................
Worked during year..................
Year-round workers3 with 1 or 2
weeks of unemployment..............
Part-year workers4 with unemployment.......................................
1 to 4 w eeks............................
5 to 10 w eeks..........................
11 to 14 weeks........................
15 to 26 weeks........................
27 weeks or more....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment..............................
2 spells......................................
3 or more spells.......................
W om en
Total who worked or looked for
work...............................................
Percent with unemployment....
Number with unemployment....
Did not work but looked for
work.......................................
Worked during year..................
Year-round workers3 with 1 or 2
weeks of unemployment..............
Part-year workers4 with unemployment.......................................
1 to 4 w eeks............................
5 to 10 w eeks..........................
11 to 14 weeks........................
15 to 26 weeks........................
27 weeks or more....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment..............................
2 spells......................................
3 or more spells.......................
See footnotes at end of table.
106
Table 46. Extent of unemployment during the year by sex, 1957-81—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Sex and extent of unemployment
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
TO TA L
Total who worked or looked for
work............................................... 91,480 93,640 95,576 97,652 99,730 102,747 104,769 105,843 108,783 111,531 114,464 116,983 118,348 119,658
Percent with unemployment....
12.4
15.8
19.5
12.5
15.5
14.3
17.9
20.2
17.9
15.9
18.1
15.3
16.3
19.1
Number with unemployment.... 11,332 11,744 14,615 15.950 15.436 14,697 18,785 21,402 20,795 19,910 18,185 18,468 21,410 23,382
Did not work but looked for
work....................................... 1,250
1,163 1,725 2,171
2,076 1,635 2,161
3,240 2,973 2,618 2,129 1,990 2,597 2,863
Worked during year................. 10,082 10,581 12,889 13,780 13,360 13,061 16,625 18,163 17,821 17,290 16,056 16,478 18,813 20,518
Year-round workers3 with 1 or 2
weeks of unemployment..............
Part-year workers4 with unemployment.......................................
1 to 4 w eeks............................
5 to 10 weeks..........................
11 to 14 weeks........................
15 to 26 weeks........................
27 weeks or more....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment..............................
2 spells......................................
3 or more spells.......................
1,181
3,122
1,471
1,651
3,417
1,603
1,814
4,243
2,047
2,196
898
5,988
3,166
2,872
860
5,691
3,038
2,653
752
925
9,185 11,709 12,670 12,201 11,852 15,727 17,303 17,071 16,628 15,367 15,622 17,888 19,348
4,264 3,908 3,991
3,614 3,313 3,154 3,436 3,767 4,542 3,848 3,930 4,278 4,161
2,177 2,738 2,726 2,634 2,672 3,790 3,423 3,554 3,666 3,490 3,542 3,781
4,040
1,557 1,881
1,057 1,675 1,703 1,531
2,263 2,307 2,183 2,234 2,335 2,452 2,815
1,542 2,477 2,963 2,725 2,417 3,429 4,342 4,048 3,775 3,323 3,378 4,404 4,940
795 1,506 2,124 1,874 1,438 2,083 3,426 3,232 2,723 2,157 2,102 3,343 3,562
4,358
2,122
2,231
1,209
856
8,797
3,632
1,989
1,036
1,406
734
4,481
2,220
2,261
1,159
689
1,396
4,325
2,096
2,229
1,110
663
1,285
5,838
3,024
2,815
5,647
2,975
2,672
5,225
2,735
2,490
5,314
2,804
2,510
5,969
3,159
2,810
1,170
6,986
3,750
3,237
Men
Total who worked or looked for
work............................................... 53,677 54,755 55,714 57,091 58,170 59,355 60,114 60,413 61,556 62,674 63,804 64,739 65,277 65,950
15.4
15.5
18.5
20.0
Percent with unemployment....
11.7
16.4
15.3
13.5
17.3
20.0
18.8
17.5
12.3
15.5
8,032 10,421 12,101 11,587 10,949 9,822 10,042 12,072 13,175
Number with unemployment.... 6,263 6,709 8,642 9,372 8,881
Did not work but looked for
work.......................................
675
1,018 1,181
365
365
834
750
496
724
1,321
1,196
980
788
673
Worked during year................. 5,898 6,344 7,969 8,538 8,131
7,536 9,697 10,779 10,391
9,970 9,034 9,367 11,054 11,994
Year-round workers3 with 1 or 2
weeks of unemployment..............
Part-year workers4 with unemployment.......................................
1 to 4 w eeks............................
5 to 10 w eeks..........................
11 to 14 weeks........................
15 to 26 weeks........................
27 weeks or more....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment..............................
2 spells......................................
3 or more spells.......................
900
963
835
770
831
863
4,998
1,875
1,215
647
870
391
5,381
1,861
1,386
700
980
454
7,134
1,748
1,764
1,094
1,590
938
7,768
1,712
1,744
1,089
1,931
1,292
7,300
1,761
1,690
1,006
1,729
1,113
2,015
901
1,114
2,262
1,003
1,259
2,923
1,384
1,539
3,009
1,455
1,555
2,842
1,337
1,504
733
495
430
453
6,673
1,793
1,595
950
1,530
804
9,085 10,187
2,244 1,839
2,289 2,008
1,156 1,402
2,879
2,141
1,256 2,062
9,896
1,901
2,091
1,338
2,508
2,059
9,539
2,046
2,143
1,366
2,424
1,561
8,581
1,886
2,042
1,361
2,007
1,286
8,766 10,383 11,260
1,988 1,837 1,985
2,096 2,224 2,296
1,403
1,499 1,667
2,028 2,776 3,057
1,252 2,047 2,256
2,687
1,196
1,491
3,936
1,973
1,962
3,799
1,915
1,885
3,607
1,864
1,742
3,166
1,602
1,564
3,347
1,698
1,649
3,665
1,871
1,795
601
671
591
612
3,817
1,949
1,868
4,478
2,329
2,149
W om en
Total who worked or looked for
work............................................... 37,803 38,885 39,862 40,561 41,559 43,392 44,655 45,430 47,225 48,858 50,660 52,244 53,071 53,708
17.6
19.0
Percent with unemployment....
13.4
18.3
16.5
16.1
12.9
15.0
16.2
15.8
15.4
18.7
20.5
19.5
Number with unemployment.... 5,069 5,035 5,973 6,579 6,555 6,665 8,364 9,302 9,208 8,960 8,363 8,426 9,338 10,207
Did not work but looked for
work.......................................
885
798 1,053
1,337 1,326 1,139 1,437 1,918
1,778 1,638
1,342 1,315
1,579 1,682
Worked during year................. 4,184 4,237 4,920 5,242 5,229 5,526 6,927 7,383 7,431
7,759 8,525
7,322 7,022 7,111
Year-round workers3 with 1 or 2
weeks of unemployment..............
Part-year workers4 with unemployment.......................................
1 to 4 w eeks............................
5 to 10 w eeks..........................
11 to 14 weeks........................
15 to 26 weeks........................
27 weeks or more....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment..............................
2 spells......................................
3 or more spells.......................
385
433
345
339
328
346
285
267
254
232
235
254
255
437
3,799
1,757
774
389
536
343
3,804
1,753
791
357
562
341
4,575
1,565
974
581
887
568
4,902
1,441
982
614
1,032
833
4,901
1,675
944
525
996
761
5,179
1,973
1,077
606
888
635
6,643
2,298
1,502
727
1,289
828
7,117
2,010
1,415
862
1,463
1,366
7,176
2,028
1,464
968
1,541
1,174
7,090
2,233
1,522
816
1,354
1,163
6,786
2,274
1,449
873
1,318
873
6,857
2,276
1,446
932
1,351
851
7,504
2,071
1,557
953
1,629
1,296
8,088
2,006
1,744
1,148
1,884
1,306
1,107
570
537
1,155
600
555
1,402
712
689
1,472
766
706
1,511
784
727
1,556
851
706
2,053
1,143
910
2,025
1,167
857
2,039
1,110
929
2,040
1,110
930
2,059
1,133
927
1,967
1,106
861
2,152
1,210
942
2,508
1,421
1,087
See footnotes at end of table.
107
Table 46. Extent of unemployment during the year by sex, 1957-81—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Sex and extent of unemployment
1957
1958
1959 1
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966 2
1967
Percent distribution of unemployed persons with work experience during the year
TOTAL
Total who worked during the year..
Year-round workers3 with 1 or 2
weeks unemployment..................
Part-year workers4 with unemployment.......................................
1 to 4 w eeks............................
5 to 10 w eeks..........................
11 to 14 weeks........................
15 to 26 weeks........................
27 weeks or more....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment..............................
2 spells......................................
3 or more spells.......................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
10.5
9.5
7.7
8.5
7.7
8.4
10.0
9.1
11.0
12.4
13.4
89.5
22.9
22.0
13.1
17.8
13.7
90.5
12.9
19.0
11.9
20.5
19.9
92.3
23.6
21.6
12.9
19.1
15.0
91.5
22.6
21.5
12.1
19.6
15.8
92.3
23.1
19.1
12.4
21.2
16.5
91.6
22.4
20.6
12.7
20.7
15.1
90.0
21.8
19.4
12.9
21.1
14.8
90.9
24.8
20.7
12.3
19.8
13.4
89.0
28.8
20.2
11.8
18.3
9.9
87.5
33.1
20.2
10.4
15.5
8.3
86.6
32.6
20.1
11.4
14.7
7.8
41.1
(5)
(5)
41.1
(5)
(5)
39.8
16.7
22.2
36.6
16.2
20.4
37.0
17.1
19.8
39.0
18.9
20.2
37.4
18.1
19.3
38.5
19.0
19.6
36.1
16.1
19.9
33.7
14.5
19.2
32.6
14.6
18.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
6.4
9.7
8.6
9.0
8.7
9.2
11.5
10.3
12.9
15.1
16.0
93.6
21.0
23.4
14.7
19.7
14.8
90.3
16.2
19.1
12.3
22.0
20.7
91.4
19.3
22.2
13.5
20.5
15.8
91.0
19.1
22.0
13.0
21.0
16.0
91.3
18.8
20.7
13.4
22.3
16.1
90.8
18.7
21.2
13.4
22.0
15.5
88.5
18.7
19.8
13.8
22.1
14.2
89.7
21.2
21.6
13.1
20.3
13.4
87.1
24.6
20.2
12.7
19.6
10.1
84.9
28.3
21.1
11.6
15.9
8.1
84.0
27.8
20.9
12.1
15.6
7.4
45.2
(5)
(5)
43.4
(5)
(s)
41.7
17.0
24.7
39.6
16.8
22.8
39.8
17.6
22.2
42.7
20.1
22.6
40.1
18.7
21.4
42.0
20.0
22.0
40.2
16.6
23.5
37.6
14.7
22.8
35.6
14.5
21.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
18.5
8.8
5.7
7.3
5.7
7.0
7.2
6.9
7.9
8.6
9.4
81.5
26.7
91.1
10.0
14.2
11.5
91.2
26.6
18.8
10.7
16.9
18.1
94.4
33.8
20.3
11.4
15.6
13.3
92.7
30.3
20.4
10.1
16.5
15.3
94.3
32.1
15.7
10.4
19.0
17.1
93.0
29.7
19.5
11.4
18.1
14.3
92.8
27.9
18.8
11.1
19.0
16.1
93.1
31.2
19.0
10.7
18.9
13.3
92.1
36.1
20.2
10.2
16.0
9.5
91.4
40.5
18.8
8.5
14.9
8.8
90.6
39.8
18.8
10.3
13.4
8.3
33.3
(5)
(5)
35.4
(5)
(5)
32.5
16.0
16.5
30.1
14.9
15.2
31.1
16.1
15.0
31.7
16.5
15.2
32.1
16.9
15.2
32.4
17.2
15.2
29.0
15.3
13.7
27.9
14.1
13.8
27.9
14.7
33.2
Men
Total who worked during the year..
Year-round workers2 with 1 or 2
weeks of unemployment..............
Part-year workers4 with unemployment.......................................
1 to 4 w eeks............................
5 to 10 weeks..........................
11 to 14 weeks........................
15 to 26 weeks........................
27 weeks or more....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment..............................
2 spells......................................
3 or more spells.......................
W om en
Total who worked during the year..
Year-round workers3 with 1 or 2
weeks of unemployment..............
Part-year workers4 with unemployment.......................................
1 to 4 w eeks............................
5 to 10 w eeks..........................
11 to 14 weeks........................
15 to 26 weeks........................
27 weeks or more....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment..............................
2 spells......................................
3 or more spells.......................
See footnotes at end of table.
108
Table 46. Extent of unemployment during the year by sex, 1957-81—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Sex and extent of unemployment
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
Percent distribution of unemployed persons with work experience during the year
TO TA L
Total who worked during year........
Year-round workers3 with 1 or 2
weeks unemployment..................
Part-year workers* with unemployment.......................................
1 to 4 w eeks............................
5 to 10 weeks..........................
11 to 14 weeks........................
15 to 26 weeks........................
27 weeks or more....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment..............................
2 spells......................................
3 or more spells.......................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
12.7
13.2
9.2
8.1
8.7
9.3
5.4
4.7
4.2
3.8
4.3
5.2
4.9
5.7
87.3
36.0
19.7
10.3
13.9
7.3
86.8
34.2
20.6
10.0
14.6
7.5
90.8
25.7
21.2
13.0
19.2
11.7
91.9
22.9
19.8
12.3
21.5
15.4
91.3
25.7
19.7
11.4
20.4
14.0
90.7
28.9
20.5
11.9
18.5
11.0
94.6
27.4
22.8
11.3
20.6
12.6
95.3
21.2
18.8
12.4
24.0
19.0
95.8
22.1
19.9
12.9
22.8
18.3
96.2
24.8
21.2
12.6
21.9
15.9
95.7
26.0
21.8
13.9
20.7
13.5
94.8
25.9
21.5
14.2
20.5
12.8
95.1
20.8
20.1
13.0
23.4
17.8
94.3
19.5
19.7
13.7
24.1
17.4
31.0
14.6
16.4
32.3
15.1
17.1
33.6
16.3
17.3
32.5
16.1
16.4
32.5
15.8
16.7
32.5
15.6
16.8
36.0
18.7
17.3
31.3
16.7
14.6
32.7
16.9
15.8
32.6
17.2
15.4
32.5
17.0
15.5
32.2
17.0
15.2
31.7
16.8
14.9
34.0
18.3
15.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
15.3
15.2
10.5
9.0
10.3
11.5
6.3
5.5
4.7
4.3
5.0
6.4
6.1
6.1
84.7
31.8
20.6
11.0
14.8
6.6
84.8
29.3
21.8
11.0
15.4
7.2
89.5
21.9
22.1
13.7
20.0
11.8
91.0
20.0
20.4
12.7
22.6
15.1
89.7
21.6
20.8
12.3
21.3
13.7
88.5
23.8
21.2
12.6
20.3
10.6
93.7
23.2
23.6
12.0
22.0
13.0
94.5
17.0
18.6
13.1
26.7
19.3
95.3
18.2
20.1
12.9
24.1
20.0
95.7
20.5
21.5
13.7
24.3
15.8
95.0
20.8
22.7
15.1
22.2
14.3
93.6
21.2
22.4
15.0
21.6
13.4
93.9
16.6
20.1
13.6
25.1
18.5
93.9
16.6
19.1
13.9
25.5
18.8
34.2
15.3
18.9
35.7
15.8
19.8
36.7
17.4
19.3
35.2
17.0
18.2
34.9
16.4
18.5
35.6
15.8
19.8
40.6
20.4
20.3
34.0
17.3
16.6
36.6
18.4
18.2
36.2
18.7
17.5
35.0
17.7
17.3
35.7
18.1
17.6
34.5
17.6
16.9
37.3
19.4
17.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
9.2
10.2
7.0
6.5
6.3
6.3
4.1
3.7
3.5
3.2
3.4
3.6
3.3
5.1
90.8
42.0
18.5
9.3
12.8
8.2
89.8
41.4
18.7
8.4
13.3
8.0
93.0
31.8
19.8
11.8
18.0
11.5
93.5
27.5
18.7
11.7
19.7
15.9
93.6
32.0
18.0
10.0
19.0
14.6
93.7
35.7
19.5
11.0
16.0
11.5
95.9
33.2
21.6
10.5
18.6
12.0
96.3
27.1
19.1
11.7
19.8
18.7
96.5
27.2
19.6
13.0
20.8
15.9
96.8
30.4
20.7
11.1
18.5
16.0
96.6
32.4
20.6
12.4
18.7
12.5
96.4
32.0
20.3
13.1
19.0
12.0
96.7
26.7
20.1
12.3
21.0
16.7
94.9
23.5
20.5
13.5
22.1
15.3
26.5
13.6
12.8
27.3
14.2
13.1
28.5
14.5
14.0
28.0
14.6
13.5
28.9
15.0
13.9
28.1
15.4
12.8
29.7
16.6
13.1
27.5
15.9
11.6
27.5
15.0
12.5
27.9
15.2
12.7
29.4
16.2
13.2
27.7
15.6
12.1
27.7
15.6
12.1
29.4
16.7
12.8
Men
Total who worked during the year..
Year-round workers3 with 1 or 2
weeks of unemployment..............
Part-year workers* with unemployment.......................................
1 to 4 w eeks............................
5 to 10 weeks..........................
11 to 14 weeks........................
15 to 26 weeks........................
27 weeks or more....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment..............................
2 spells......................................
3 or more spells.......................
W om en
Total who worked during year........
Year-round workers3 with 1 or 2
weeks of unemployment..............
Part-year workers* with unemployment.......................................
1 to 4 w eeks............................
5 to 10 w eeks..........................
11 to 14 weeks........................
15 to 26 weeks........................
27 weeks or more.....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
u n e m p lo y m e n t.....................................
2 spells......................................
3 or more spells.......................
1Date include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1959 and are, therefore, not
strictly comparable with earlier years. This inclusion resulted in an increase
of about 50,000 in the total with unemployment in 1959.
4 Worked less than 50 weeks.
5 Not available.
Note: Each continuous period of unemployment of at least 1 week’s du
ration is considered one spell of unemployment. The number of weeks of
unemployment during the year represents the total number of weeks accu
mulated in all spells of unemployment during which a person looked for
work and did not work at all.
2 Data for 1966 forward refer to persons 16 years and over; 14 years and
over for prior years.
3 Worked 50 weeks or more.
109
Table 47. Persons with work experience during the year by industry and class of worker in the job
held the longest, 1955-81
[In thousands]
Industry and class of worker
1955
All industry groups..................... 75,353
Agriculture............................
Wage and salary workers.........
Self-employed workers..............
Unpaid family workers...............
9,261
2,476
3,921
2,864
1956
1957
1958
75,852 77,664 77,117
8,560
2,428
3,594
2,538
8,355
2,469
3,358
2,528
8,291
2,771
3,141
2,379
1959
1960
1961 j 1962
78,162
80,618
80,287 82,057
7,924
2,752
2,992
2,180
7,902
2,667
3,012
2,223
7,502
2,780
2,836
1,886
7,179
2,794
2,601
1,784
1963
1964
1965
3,732
4,022
4,277
4,099
4,042
4,096
4,235
1967
1968
86,266
88,179
90,230
6,348
2,622
2,442
1,284
5,021
2,079
2,098
344
5,184
2,150
2,083
951
4,936
2,034
2,036
6,796
2,725
2,396
1,675
7,051
2,695
2,496
1,860
4,216
4,501
866
81,245 82,995 85,294
75,038 76,629 78,737
560
548
602
4,556
4,538
Manufacturing........................ 18,503 19,304 19,409 17,864 18,941 18,815 18,255 19,533 20,076 20,364 21,297
Durable goods................... 10,495 11,099 11,112 10,034 10,522 10,532 10,043 10,934 11,285 11,475 11,928
Lumber and wood
—
—
—
614
products......................
658
574
613
636
608
536
550
—
—
—
Furniture and fixtures.....
394
427
460
528
383
389
458
470
Stone, clay, and glass
—
—
—
products......................
505
508
596
531
576
562
632
720
Primary metal indus—
—
— 1,123
1,294
1,334
1,260
1,098
1,168
1,308
1,385
trie s............................
Fabricated metal prod—
—
—
ucts..............................
1,527
1,195
1,185
1,189
1,409
1,635
1,533
1,455
—
—
— 1,575
Machinery.......................
1,719
2,014
1,661
1,765
1,840
1,775
1,973
—
—
— 1,278
Electrical equipment.......
1,509
1,524
1,588
1,814
1,670
1,917
1,799
Transportation equip—
—
— 2,364
ment............................
2,424
2,280
2,303
1,759
1,960 2,077
2,139
—
—
— 1,033
Automobiles................
1,050
1,018
881
928
949
1,005
1,085
Other transportation
—
—
— 1,331
equipment................
1,374
1,284
1,128
1,134
1,195
878
1,032
—
—
—
Other durable goods......
942
908
976
1,000 1,017 1,046 1,098 1,015
Nondurable goods.............. 8,008 8,205 8,297
7,830 8,419
8,283
8,212 8,599 8,791 8,889 9,369
Food and kindred prod—
—
— 1,697
2,134
ucts..............................
1,892
1,909
2,028
2,093
2,133 2,117
—
—
— 1,088
Textile mill products.......
1,135
1,064
911
959
1,082
1,109
1,169
Apparel and related
—
—
— 1,288
products......................
1,625
1,414
1,378
1,327
1,487
1,466
1,558
—
—
— 1,238
Printing and publishing...
1,387
1,258
1,458
1,307
1,289
1,332
1,256
Chemicals and allied
—
—
—
products......................
1,014
964
964
882
984
949
1,004
1,063
Other nondurable
goods..........................
1,735
1,808
1,969
1,758
1,743
1,673
1,739
—
—
— 1,555
22,248
12,788
Transportation and public
utilities................................
Railroads and railway express service.................
Other transportation...........
Communications...............
Other public utilities...........
3,779
1
83,227 85,124 86,186
Nonagricultural industries.. 66,092 67,292 69,308 68,826 70,238 72,716 72,785 74,878 76,431 78,073 79,838
Wage and salary workers......... 58,839 60,191 61,767 61,077 62,439 64,549 64,534 67,006 68,444 70,331 72,492
Mining.....................................
‘ 868 ‘830 ■795
684
650
626
587
673
639
569
573
Construction...........................
1966
4,519
4,675
22,532 22,819
13,086 13,258
651
492
639
454
637
472
710
689
720
1,409
1,329
1,403
1,648
2,223
2,142
1,751
2,358
2,261
1,768
2,352
2,197
2,412
1,133
2,482
1,070
2,647
1,186
1,279
1,412
1,123
9,446
1,461
1,062
9,561
1,158
2,162
1,165
2,134
2,224
1,639
1,318
1,517
1,226
1,523
1,236
1,213
1,223
1,201
2,010
2,153
2,243
1,101
9,460
2,122
4,896
4,874
4,887
4,657
4,865
4,768
4,518
4,711
4,916
4,843
4,856
4,993
5,327
5,312
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,118
1,692
844
1,003
1,042
1,788
919
1,116
975
1,764
944
1,084
925
1,590
912
1,091
932
1,810
860
1,109
910
1,920
922
1,164
896
1,916
913
1,118
812
1,894
1,016
1,134
849
1,914
811
2,193
1,136
1,187
700
2,240
1,205
1,167
Wholesale and retail trade.... 12,351 12,251 12,407 12,638
Wholesale trade...............
—
—
— 2,381
Retail trade.......................
—
—
— 10,257
12,525
2,394
10,131
13,040
2,482
10,558
13,033
2,458
10,575
13,462
2,337
11,125
13,462
2,260
11,098
14,012
2,388
11,624
14,293
2,586
11,707
15,027
2,551
12,476
15,307 15,319
2,672
2,623
12,635 21,696
Finance and services........... 15,387 16,091 16,929 17,648 17,912 19,586 20,233 20,508 21,266 21,988 22,893
Finance, insurance, and
—
—
— 2,568
real e state .....................
2,797
3,171
3,476
3,081
3.052 3,264
3,331
Business and repair serv—
—
— 1,359
ices.................................
1,390
1,468
1,471
1,647
1,667
1,746
1,646
Private households........... 3,222
3,064 3,370 3,507
3,522
3,692
3,964
3,916 3,772
3,849 3,847
Personal services, exeluding private house—
—
— 1,913
holds..............................
1,794
2,058
2,146
2,145
1,895 2,018
2,173
Entertainment and recreation services.................
807
792
701
759
852
795
848
768
Medical and other health
services.........................
2,445 2,686 2,878
3,287
3,393
3,608
2,915 3,092
Welfare and religious
_
_
services.........................
754
717
609
729
736
783
790
825
Educational services.........
3,443
5,318
3,432
3,781
4,101
4,325 4,556 4,808
Other professional serv_
ices.................................
1,077
865
964
861
883
969
1,058
797
—
—■
—
114
Forestry and fisheries.......
118
105
85
107
121
116
115
4,024
Public administration............. 3,055
3,671
4,043 4,036
3,109 3,318 3,343
3,413
3,726
3,918
7,170 6,782
6,790
6,614
Self-employed workers............. 6,289
6,192
6,587
6,672
6,748
6,971
6,640
Unpaid family workers..............
1,197
964
954
1,077
1,196
1,081
1,090
1,128
706
909
1,051
See footnote at end of table.
23,242
23,875
25,076
3,606
3,605
3,687
1,783
2,949
1,944
2,756
2,057
2,755
2,093
2,226
2,281
875
932
915
3,958
3,985
4,517
814
5,952
806
6,349
915
6,656
1,112
100
1,172
1,210
4,388
5,590
617
4,509
5,333
1,033
83
4,988
5,533
1,024
110
1,101
1,129
100
Table 47. Persons with work experience during the year by industry and class of worker in the job
held the longest, 1955-81—Continued
[In thousands]
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
All industry groups.................... 92,477 93,850 95.481
97,654
101,112
102,608
102,603
105,809
108,914
112,335
114,993
115,752
116,794
2,001
4,743
1,955
676
4,251
1,951
1,792
508
4,188
2,078
1,634
474
4,319
2,019
863
4,753
1,994
2,037
723
4,206
2,083
1,559
564
3,806
1,872
1,521
414
3,923
1,978
1,617
328
3,792
1,923
1,504
365
3,915
2,054
1,551
310
89,076 90,598 92,911
82,555 84,026 87,303
575
623
722
4,985 5,472 5,325
22,580 22,033 22,501
13,130 12,523 12,923
96,359
89,788
685
5,759
23,270
13,495
98,357
92,069
759
5,632
23,514
13,805
Industry and class of worker
1969
1970
Nonagricultural indus
tries—Continued
A g ricu ltu re................................
Wage and salary workers.........
Self-employed workers..............
Unpaid family workers...............
4,722
1,907
2,051
764
Nonagricultural in d u s trie s .. 87,755
Wage and salary workers......... 81,322
Mining.....................................
544
Construction........................... 4,949
Manufacturing........................ 23,640
Durable goods.................... 13,955
Lumber and wood
products......................
635
Furniture arid fixtures.....
534
Stone, clay, and glass
758
products......................
Primary metal industries............................. 1,483
Fabricated metal products.............................. 1,900
Machinery....................... 2,584
Electrical equipment....... 2,311
Transportation equipment............................ 2,666
Automobiles................ 1,206
Other transportation
equipment............... 1,460
Other durable goods...... 1,084
Nondurable qoods.............. 9,685
Food and kindred products.............................. 2,130
Textile mill products....... 1,333
Apparel and related
products...................... 1,585
Printing and publishing... 1,246
Chemicals and allied
products...................... 2,294
Other nondurable
goods.......................... 2,297
4,774
1,907
2,028
839
4,883
2,112
2,112
1,652
555
98,415 101,490 104,707 108,529 111,070 111,959 112,880
92,016 94,511
97,329 101,165 103,402 104,419 104,902
897
1,054
831
932
1,206
768
771
6,107
6,114
5,669
6,117
6,376
5,253
5,419
24,359 23,788
22,334 22,879
23,142 24,379 24,563
14,081
14,634
14,709
14,566
13,172
13,097
13,482
656
532
715
496
. 674
593
721
591
787
614
740
561
689
612
746
608
789
694
738
604
679
607
740
542
746
717
708
704
766
713
694
701
747
740
726
657
1,369
1,395
1,463
1,469
1,475
1,477
1,454
1,320
1,292
1,435
1,279
1,158
1,514
2,381
2,275
1,435
2,145
2,103
1,558
2,208
2,199
1,649
2,354
2,379
1,682
2,492
2,281
1,602
2,513
2,168
1,490
2,408
2,150
1,557
2,543
2,323
1,626
2,823
2,555
1,649
2,964
2,617
1,651
3,129
2,663
1,704
3,011
2,618
2,427
1,111
2,179
1,074
2,194
1,095
2,256
1,134
2,243
1,123
2,054
991
2,221
1,119
2,250
1,189
2,580
1,403
2,447
1,314
2,311
1,213
2,228
1,079
1,316
1,230
9,450
1,105
1,339
9,510
1,099
1,328
9,577
1,122
1,120
1,374
9,774
1,469
9,709
1,062
1,343
9,164
1,091
1,380
9,783
1,061
1,435
9,660
1,177
1,531
9,745
1,133
1,516
9,854
1,098
1,520
9,794
1,149
1,423
9,706
1,921
1,040
2,186
1,073
2,202
2,085
1,148
2,161
973
1,982
996
2,126
1,158
2,064
1,071
1,012
2,076
894
2,081
854
2,095
824
2,069
838
1,675
1,372
1,633
1,333
1,552
1,391
1,663
1,346
1,646
1,406
1,573
1,331
1,554
1,440
1,638
1,487
1,595
1,609
1,513
1,665
1,492
1,726
1,460
1,814
1,263
1,178
1,169
1,251
1,325
1,252
1,327
1,267
1,331
1,421
1,449
1,282
2,180
2,107
2,194
2,283
2,202
2,030
2,179
2,194
2,242
2,321
2,206
2,244
5,402
5,651
5,832
5,614
5,925
5,878
6,011
5,973
6,282
6,429
6,619
6,744
6,708
712
2,297
1,191
758
2,313
1,360
1,221
714
2,555
1,292
1,270
595
2,489
1,232
1,300
616
2,655
1,366
1,289
651
2,718
1,300
1,212
633
2,746
1,264
1,367
637
2,736
1,249
1,352
596
2,976
1,312
1,401
606
3,031
1,417
1,377
641
3,096
1,454
1,429
573
3,151
1,531
1,490
518
3,112
1,636
1,442
Wholesale and retail trade.... 15,813
Wholesale trade...............
2,629
Retail trade........................ 13,184
16,837
3,060
13,776
17,431
3,066
14,365
18,349
3,453
14,895
19,104
3,342
15,762
19,871
3,515
16,356
20,092
3,539
16,553
20,793
3,688
17,105
21,407
3,761
17,646
21,952
3,761
18,190
22,377
3,912
18,465
22,441
4,084
18,537
23,121
4,590
18,531
Finance and service............. 25,952 27,134 27,907 28,822
Finance, insurance, and
real estate...................... 4,044 4,158 4,377 4,522
Business and repair services.................................. 2,192 2,234 2,368 2,610
Private households............ 2,572 2,493 2,356 2,068
Personal services, ex
cluding private households............................... 2,254 2,200 2,069 2,076
Entertainment and recreation services.................
885
948
895
1,015
Medical and other health
services.......................... 4,701
5,001
5,328 5,587
Welfare and religious
services..........................
909
1,126
1,129
1,222
Educational services.......... 7,042 7,414 7,675 8,015
Other professional sen/ices.................................. 1,228
1,441
1,617
1,595
Forestry and fisheries.......
125
119
92
110
30,023
31,170
31,918
33,081
34,241
35,560
36,512
37,500
38,061
4,853
4,961
4,819
5,012
5,332
5,743
5,890
6,188
6,238
2,703
2,064
2,754
1,896
2,733
1,891
3,069
1,862
3,278
1,823
3,490
1,736
3,603
1,463
3,953
1,614
4,110
1,701
2,135
2,193
2,130
2,162
2,255
2,278
2,219
2,300
2,254
1,090
1,082
1,205
1,235
1,299
1,264
1,254
1,377
1,330
6,026
6,383
6,689
6,775
7,112
7,319
7,998
8,204
8,377
1,285
1,376
8,623
1,479
8,833
1,603
9,010
1,688
9,032
1,910
9,220
1,889
9,649
1,909
9,245
1,815
9,277
1,805
97
2,025
114
2,163
187
2,260
162
2,401
196
2,384
163
2,562
148
2,774
186
5,639
5,795
605
5,595
6,077
902
5,755
6,496
880
5,797
6,603
761
6,057
7,068
599
6,206
7,009
532
5,911
7,378
599
Transportation and public
utilities.................................
Railroads and railway express service..................
Other transportation...........
Communications................
Other public utilities...........
1,202
Public administration..............
5,022
4,794
Self-employed workers..............
Unpaid family workers...............
5,454
979
5,577
944
4,729
5,577
945
8,100
1,664
101
4,971
5,022
5,246
5,722
885
5,661
909
5,660
628
1Data for 1966 forward refer to persons 16 years and over; 14 years and over for prior years.
111
Table 48. Percent of persons with work experience during the year who worked year round at full
time jobs by industry and class of worker in the job held the longest, 1950-81
Industry and class of worker
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
All industry groups..................................
55.7
57.4
57.4
58.9
55.8
56.6
56.4
55.1
53.6
53.8
53.7
53.6
53.7
54.6
55.0
56.1
A g ric u ltu re ...............................................
47.0
32.3
75.9
13.4
45.7
29.5
76.4
12.7
45.3
28.1
75.5
10.9
45.2
34.9
74.9
7.3
45.4
28.3
77.2
46.6
31.5
81.5
43.4
25.5
77.3
39.4
20.9
74.9
14.3
39.6
21.9
74.8
13.7
38.9
22.9
71.1
14.4
40.9
23.8
74.8
15.3
37.9
37.6
22.5
72.7
37.7
10.8 12.0 12.6
41.5
23.0
77.1
12.3
40.4
23.0
72.4
15.1
Nonagricultural in d u s trie s ................ 57.1
Wage and salary workers...................... 56.4
Mining................................................... 39.9
Construction.........................................
—
59.2
58.5
61.8
47.8
59.1
58.4
51.0
47.7
60.7
59.9
55.9
46.8
57.3
55.9
46.7
41.6
58.0
57.1
57.5
46.3
58.0
57.3
63.4
47.8
56.8
56.1
64.7
45.7
55.3
54.6
53.2
40.6
55.4
54.7
58.7
43.6
55.3
54.8
65.2
41.8
54.9
54.6
64.8
41.5
55.2
54.9
67.6
43.2
56.1
55.8
68.2
68.8
45.8
56.6
56.3
67.5
48.8
Manufacturing...................................... 61.9
Durable goods................................. 64.7
Lumber and wood products........
Furniture and fixtures...................
Stone, clay, and glass products..
Primary metal industries..............
Fabricated metal products..........
Machinery.....................................
Electrical equipment....................
Transportation equipment...........
Automobiles..............................
Other transportation equipm ent......................................
Other durable goods....................
Nondurable goods........................... 59.0
Food and kindred products.........
63.6
68.5
63.3
66.9
67.5
70.2
61.9
66.5
64.5
67.7
64.0
65.8
63.3
66.4
62.3
62.4
49.5
52.8
63.4
65.4
69.3
66.5
62.5
62.9
55.3
65.0
64.3
63.7
65.9
46.9
63.5
64.0
67.8
64.8
67.6
50.3
64.8
62.0
69.1
71.0
73.3
70.1
70.1
67.8
67.1
70.7
50.1
65.7
72.4
73.9
71.1
76.3
70.5
75.2
70.8
67.7
70.7
52.8
67.0
72.9
80.1
70.4
76.7
73.5
67.7
58.1
69.2
72.4
52.9
70.8
72.8
77.3
72.5
77.9
70.7
72.3
69.8
78.8
61.9
62.4
63.2
64 2
45.4
52.2
76.6
74.6
76.3
60.7
63.8
64.0
65 7
47.1
54.3
79.3
74.3
74.6
70.3
65.0
64.9
69 4
50.2
55.0
78.5
75.4
Wage and salary workers......................
Self-employed workers...........................
Unpaid family workers............................
59.2
64.0
55.9
60.4
61.6
59.2
Apparel and related products.....
Printing and publishing.................
Chemicals and allied products....
Other nondurable goods.............
Transportation and public utilities......
Railroads and railway express
73.6
73.9
74.8
74.4
71.2
71.6
74.3
72.2
Other transportation........................
Other public utilities........................
-
-
-
-
-
-
Wholesale and retail trade.................. 52.8
—
Wholesale trade..............................
Retail trade.......................................
—
53.7
53.2
53.8
51.1
50.1
Finance, and services........................
Finance, insurance, and real
estate............................................
46.9
—
—
Private households..........................
Personal services, excluding private households..........................
Entertainment and reaction services................................................
Medical, other health services........
Welfare and religious services.......
Educational services.......................
_
_
—
—
—
49.5
—
—
72.5
13.5
11.8
22.0
73.6
12.3
57.4
57.2
51.5
58.6
39.0
47.8
68.4
72.4
69.1
61.5
44.9
48.3
58.7
63.4
63.5
71.6
73.0
69.6
65.4
54.6
73.9
57.9
62.0
60.5
58 4
43.9
59.5
79.1
72.6
74.2
56.2
62.0
61.0
P3 2
44.5
57.7
74.6
72.4
74.0
59.6
62.1
61.4
02.5
38.6
60.1
82.2
72.6
69.7
58.8
61.1
58.4
44.8
54.5
79.4
72.7
72.2
55.7
61.3
61.3
59 0
44.0
51.4
77.1
76.3
72.0
71.4
71.7
73.2
72.2
72.8
75.4
75.8
7a 3
63.4
77 3
64.1
78 fi
78.0
85.3
89 S
65.9
78.0
85.4
46.8
70.8
41.8
47.8
72.3
42.4
68.2
58.1
66.0
21.2
66.0
68.6
73.7
71.3
61.0
52.3
59 2
75 1
60.0
77 1
84.5
74 1
64.1
71 1
80.6
73 5
62.8
74 5
81.9
77 0
62.8
76 1
82.5
77 7
79 fl
81.4
82.7
49.2
47.0
42.5
48.4
70.1
43.3
47.5
67.1
43.4
46.5
45.2
48.3
64.1
44.5
44.5
45.3
44.2
43.9
44.3
44.5
45.2
68.2
53 7
13.5
69.7
54 6
14.9
66.8
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
50.0
—
—
47.9
48.8
48.5
46.7
47.5
47.4
46.0
44.7
—
—
—
—
—
—
67.8
_
23.6
23.0
20.7
21.6
17.4
17.5
68.8
55 3
16.6
66.1
53 7
17.5
66.0
53 8
16.6
67.3
55 8
15.4
68.6
53 7
13.8
43.3
41.8
43.6
42.7
41.2
41.8
37.4
43.8
28.3
53.4
54.1
42.5
59.6
30.9
55.1
48.6
40.5
58 5
41.9
29.1
55.1
55.0
43.0
59 1
(*)
28.6
53.9
59.5
42.4
60 7
29.0
26.8
55.1
56.4
40.3
56 9
45.5
26.6
54.2
51.8
41.8
58 8
32.2
24.6
55.5
53.1
43.2
61 2
44.0
25.3
54.9
51.7
41.9
57 4
33.3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
66.6
Forestry and fisheries.....................
66.2
68.1
42.2
Public administration...........................
75.8
76.0
80.2
80.4
78.5
79.0
78.2
77.8
78.5
77.7
75.0
77.8
78.3
78.8
79.8
77.6
Self-employed workers...........................
Unpaid family workers............................
See footnotes at end of table.
67.3
25.5
69.2
21.2
68.9
22.5
71.6
26.0
71.6
37.3
70.7
27.8
70.1
27.3
67.2
25.8
66.9
24.3
66.4
24.0
65.4
23.6
61.9
25.1
63.1
25.8
65.1
23.6
65.0
27.0
62.0
30.2
112
Table 48. Percent of persons with work experience during the year who worked year round at full
time jobs by industry and class of worker in the job held the longest, 1950-81—Continued
Industry and class of worker
1966
2
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
All industry groups...............................
58.0
58.6
57.9
57.1
55.6
56.1
57.1
57.1
54.4
54.4
54.3
54.9
56.4
56.3
56.1
55.9
A g ric u ltu re ............................................
47.4
30.8
75.3
18.7
46.4
30.0
75.8
18.9
46.1
28.4
75.3
18.8
45.8
29.6
70.2
21.1
43.9
27.9
69.7
17.5
43.7
30.2
67.6
18.9
48.6
33.2
70.9
22.5
46.8
32.9
69.8
20.0
47.3
29.5
71.8
28.1
46.4
29.4
73.1
28.0
46.1
32.0
70.8
25.2
46.2
30.9
72.4
28.6
49.6
33.7
73.5
31.4
49.3
34.8
71.0
29.5
50.8
35.5
74.4
34.0
48.5
33.0
72.7
29.7
Wage and salary workers...................
Mining................................................
58.7
58.5
73.6
59.4
59.5
70.5
58.6
58.7
70.8
57.7
57.8
65.4
56.2
56.2
69.3
56.8
56.8
61.2
57.5
57.6
70.9
57.6
57.6
72.8
54.7
54.6
61.1
54.7
54.7
65.7
54.6
54.8
66.9
55.3
55.5
58.8
56.6
56.7
57.8
56.5
56.6
67.8
56.3
56.4
68.8
56.2
56.4
62.9
Construction......................................
53.9
55.6
55.2
54.1
50.9
50.2
52.8
51.1
47.0
43.5
44.4
46.8
47.8
49.0
47.4
46.3
Manufacturing...................................
Durable goods..............................
Lumber and wood products.....
Furniture and fixtures................
Stone, clay, and glass prod
ucts.........................................
Primary metal industries...........
Fabricated metal products........
Machinery..................................
Electrical equipment..................
Transportation equipment.........
Automobiles...........................
Other transportation equip
ment....................................
Other durable goods.................
Nondurable goods........................
Food and kindred products......
Textile mill products.................
Apparel and related products ...
Printing and publishing..............
Chemicals and allied products..
Other nondurable goods...........
69.6
72.4
59.6
70.5
69.7
71.8
55.7
68.5
69.5
72.3
61.5
69.7
68.2
70.6
57.2
71.5
65.6
67.5
53.2
61.8
67.0
69.9
59.2
66.7
67.5
69.5
58.2
55.0
68.9
71.5
57.8
65.5
64 7
67.5
53.0
63.9
63 7
66.3
50.5
55.2
65 8
69.2
54.0
57.5
67 7
70.7
57.1
61.4
68 6 68 5 66 9 66 8
71.2 71.2 68.8 69.2
73.8
76.5
72.9
77.8
67.7
74.1
72.0
77.8
72.9
75.8
69.8
72.0
64.5
71.2
71.8
71.9
76.2
72.7
75.2
71.7
74.4
75.3
70.5
74.7
67.8
70.6
65.2
71.1
74.4
64.9
71.9
68.5
64.4
52.6
68.1
67.3
75.2
70.5
78.4
70.9
74.9
72.0
74.1
75.3
66.0
69.5
67.8
64.8
71.9
70.4
74.2
66.7
75.7
69.7
69.0
70.4
68.1
77.6
68.4
73.4
64.6
66.3
52.9
66.9
79.9
71.8
75.1
65.4
64.7
62.4
74.4
65.8
64.8
69.9
49.2
61.1
79.9
72.6
78.1
65.3
65.6
63.4
66.4
55.4
62.1
76.9
70.0
68.7
63.7
60.6
59.4
54.7
44.9
61.4
75.1
58.7
71.0
63.7
59.9
61.3
48.0
42.1
59.3
77.8
67.6
Wage and salary workers...................
Self-employed workers........................
Unpaid family workers.........................
Nonagricultural in dus tries..............
68.8
78.9
66.8
70.6
66.9
72.1
71.6
73.5
73.7
66.0
73.5
70.3
73.7
76.0
71.4
51.3
62.4
78.7
68.7
62.8
59.4
63.7
48.5
63.1
79.2
66.8
63.3
59.2
63.4
48.5
62.8
80.1
69.9
64.8
65.0
64.3
51.2
63.0
78.9
67.9
72.8
63.9
65.4
63.2
65.2
49.0
66.4
81.5
69.9
66.6
66.6 68.0 66.1
75.4
65.7
72.8
68.7
65.4
62.1
68.6
66.5
61.7
55.3
61.5
57.1
67.9
57.0
56.7
48.3
58.8
68.5
75.4
67.0
75.7
71.9
72.7
76.4
66.6
79.0
70.7
75.9
72.6
73.2
74.0
69.2
75.7
70.3
75.4
71.9
71.2
67.9
65.2
69.5
65.1
70.3
69.4
73.4
73.6
67.6
68.6
61.3
60.6
57.4
47.6
56.9
79.4
65.7
67.8
63.5
61.4
64.6
48.0
59.0
80.0
70.0
72.3
65.4
64.7
61.1
64.9
51.6
61.5
84.9
67.4
75.1
67.3
64.5
61.9
63.4
49.0
60.9
80.4
70.0
79.2
71.0
64.1
62.3
59.2
52.6
62.0
76.9
68.7
66.6
66.6
68.1
73.6
69.6
67.9
57.7
68.2
61.7
74.4
69.4
63.2
63.1
60.8
48.8
59.9
80.2
Transportation and public utilities ....
Railroads and railway express
service........................................
Other transportation.....................
Communications...........................
Other public utilities......................
75.7
75.5
73.2
72.2
71.5
71.4
72.7
73.0
71.1
71.6
70.7
70.0
72.3
70.4
71.2
72.2
83.6
67.6
74.0
85.1
80.8
69.1
74.5
84.8
80.9
68.7
67.4
83.5
80.3
72.0
79.3
78.6
62.5
72.2
83.5
75.3
63.7
73.6
82.4
80.9
64.3
75.9
82.1
78.6
65.8
77.9
80.1
79.3
60.0
81.4
80.6
80.5
60.9
81.2
80.1
78.3
58.6
82.6
80.7
80.0
58.9
81.8
78.0
78.7
62.6
81.5
81.3
76.8
59.0
82.3
80.2
76.6
59.3
83.6
81.3
75.6
61.1
84.0
81.4
Wholesale and retail trade...............
Wholesale trade...........................
Retail trade....................................
47.1
70.6
42.3
47.9
70.5
43.1
47.5
70.9
42.6
45.2
69.9
40.3
43.8
68.3
38.3
44.7
68.9
39.5
45.1
71.4
38.9
44.4
70.4
38.9
42.5
67.9
37.0
43.3
69.3
37.8
43.2
67.2
38.0
43.2
69.7
37.6
43.9
70.8
38.4
43.8
70.6
38.1
44.1
71.2
38.0
43.9
70.2
37.4
Finance, and services......................
Finance, insurance, and real
estate.........................................
Business and repair services.......
Private households.......................
Personal services, excluding pri
vate households.......................
Entertainment and
reaction
services......................................
Medicai, other health services.....
Welfare and religious services.....
Educational services....................
Other professional services.........
Forestry and fisheries..................
48.6
50.9
49.4
50.0
50.3
51.1
52.4
52.2
49.8
50.7
49.8
50.7
52.3
49.4
49.6
50.3
68.8
70.0
57.6
17.7
67.7
57.7
18.6
66.8
56.8
17.1
67.7
50.5
15.3
66.1 68.0
53.1
15.3
50.1
17.8
64.8
51.9
17.8
65.9
48.6
11.6
68.3
50.2
12.9
66.1
54.8
15.2
49.0
10.4
66.4
49.5
11.6
66.3
49.5
11.9
66.9
52.3
13.0
69.0
51.6
12.8
68.9
52.7
13.9
43.1
43.6
41.6
41.0
38.8
38.6
36.3
36.3
35.1
36.8
34.3
38.4
39.7
38.1
38.9
41.7
31.2
52.9
52.3
48.5
60.8
53.0
31.2
56.5
52.2
52.1
61.4
52.0
28.5
52.6
52.2
50.4
59.6
50.6
30.2
51.1
54.2
54.0
61.5
41.6
27.3
52.5
56.3
54.0
61.8
41.5
25.2
54.8
56.9
54.8
56.8
52.7
28.6
57.0
55.8
55.4
59.4
38.0
27.4
56.3
58.3
55.3
60.3
48.5
25.0
53.6
52.1
51.3
58.5
44.7
25.1
54.6
53.9
51.3
57.1
43.4
25.1
55.0
52.2
49.7
59.5
44.6
26.9
55.9
52.7
49.8
59.7
43.0
26.4
58.0
56.1
51.3
62.6
38.5
27.8
56.5
55.2
49.1
62.7
39.4
27.3
57.0
52.8
50.7
62.1
34.2
28.0
58.4
50.3
50.3
62.3
50.8
66.0
Public administration........................
76.3
76.7
76.7
76.1
74.4
76.7
76.0
74.5
72.2
73.0
73.7
72.7
74.3
72.8
72.6
74.8
Self-employed workers........................
Unpaid family workers.........................
64.3
32.3
65.0
25.7
64.6
24.1
62.0
23.5
61.6
29.1
61.0
29.0
60.8
28.8
61.1
36.9
57.9
43.4
56.3
39.1
55.6
30.4
55.9
28.3
57.9
29.0
57.8
32.8
55.8
33.7
54.4
31.1
1Percent not shown where base is less than 100,000.
2Data for 1966 forward refer to persons 16 years and over;
14 years and
over for prior years.
113
Table 49. Persons with two or more jobs by industry and class of worker of primary and secondary
job, May,1 selected years, 1956-80 2
Agriculture
Status of job and year
Total
with
two or
more
jobs
Total
Wage
and
salary
work
ers
Nonagricultural industries
Selfem
ployed
work
ers
Unpaid
family
work
ers
Total
Wage
and
salary
work
ers
Selfem
ployed
work
ers
Unpaid
family
work
ers
Number employed (thousands)
PR IM A R Y JOB
866
1956...........................................................................................................
1957...........................................................................................................
1958...........................................................................................................
1959...........................................................................................................
3,653
3,570
3,099
2,966
858
629
321
1960...........................................................................................................
1962...........................................................................................................
1963...........................................................................................................
1964...........................................................................................................
3,012
3,342
3,921
3,726
332
364
386
405
1965...........................................................................................................
1966...........................................................................................................
1969s..........................................................................................................
3,756
3,636
4,008
1970...........................................................................................................
1971...........................................................................................................
1972...........................................................................................................
1973...........................................................................................................
1974...........................................................................................................
295
285
264
104
97
402
385
264
199
208
200
18
2,787
2,712
2,470
2,645
2,569
2,447
2,257
2,451
237
198
182
27
52
45
36
2,680
2,978
3,535
3,321
2,489
2,764
3,361
3,135
184
194
169
175
3,340
3,301
3,735
3,131
3,110
3,568
200
169
188
101
18
28
15
12
7
102
210
146
139
195
230
416
335
273
133
218
75
167
65
47
31
4,048
4,035
3,770
4,262
3,889
276
217
89
65
54
81
84
154
129
134
123
107
33
23
33
19
27
2,772
3,818
3,549
4,039
3,671
3,570
3,641
3,348
3,863
3,486
194
167
191
158
180
18
5
1975...........................................................................................................
1976...........................................................................................................
1977...........................................................................................................
1978...........................................................................................................
1979...........................................................................................................
1980...........................................................................................................
3,918
3,948
4,558
4,493
4,724
4,759
253
199
225
204
203
180
83
64
135
113
129
106
108
94
35
3,665
3,749
4,333
4,289
4,521
4,578
3,422
3,541
4,084
4,066
4,307
4,328
225
204
233
18
5
16
1956........................................................................................................
1957..........................................................................................
1958..........................................................................................................
1959..........................................................................................................
5.5
5.3
4.8
4.5
11.2
11.0
13.4
12.1
10.9
10.7
9.3
6.7
13.2
7.7
8.1
10.0
6.9
2.5
4.9
4.7
4.4
4.6
3.3
3.7
3.1
7.2
4.7
4.6
4.2
4.3
1960..........................................................................................
1962..........................................................................................................
1963................................................................................................
1964.........................................................................................
4.6
4.9
5.7
5.2
6.7
6.7
7.5
6.7
7.6
7.5
7.5
9.3
3.6
5.2
4.8
3.7
4.4
4.7
5.5
5.0
4.6
5.0
5.9
5.3
1965...........................................................................................................
1966...........................................................................................................
1969s................................................
5.2
4.9
5?
8.1
6.5
4.8
5.0
4.8
51
5.2
5.0
5.3
1970...........................................................................................................
1971...........................................................................................................
1972...........................................................................................................
1973...........................................................................................................
1974...........................................................................................................
5.2
5.1
4.6
5.1
4.5
5.5
4.2
5.9
4.3
5.8
5.1
5.1
4.6
5.0
4.5
5.2
5.3
4.7
5.2
4.6
3.1
1.0
1975...........................................................................................................
1976...........................................................................................................
1977...........................................................................................................
1978...........................................................................................................
1979...........................................................................................................
1980...........................................................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
4.7
4.5
5.0
4.8
4.9
4.9
6.5
5.2
4.6
4.5
5.0
4.7
4.9
4.9
4.6
4.6
5.1
4.9
5.0
5.0
3.9
3.4
3.7
3.1
3.0
3.4
3.3
221
223
218
88
66
70
78
67
200
22
30
28
16
20
177
162
202
206
236
20
5
11
9
14
5
8
10
10
21
8
14
Percent of total employed
114
8.1
6.2
8.8
8.8
8.4
8.6
5.8
8.9
8.5
7.4
5.2
4.5
6.5
7.1
7.6
6.9
7.8
70
6.6
7.4
6.0
6.3
6.4
6.0
7.0
5.8
6.1
6.0
6.1
5.2
8.0
6.2
6.0
6.4
4.9
4.8
4.9
5.4
4.6
7.6
6.7
7.1
6.5
7.1
5.6
9.4
6.6
6.0
8.6
5.0
6.1
2.8
2.7
3.9
2.2
2.0
2.8
1.1
3.0
2.7
2.7
2.9
.9
1.9
3.0
1.5
2.5
g
2.8
31
3.7
3.1
3.5
2.8
1.6
1.9
1.6
3.1
1.0
2.8
3.8
1.5
3.0
Table 49. Persons with two or more jobs by industry and class of worker of primary and secondary
job, May,1 selected years, 1956-80 2—Continued
Nonagricultural industries
Agriculture
Status of job and year
Total
with
two or
more
jobs
Total
Wage
and
salary
work
ers
Selfem
ployed
work
ers
Unpaid
family
work
ers
Total
Wage
and
salary
work
ers
Selfem
ployed
work
ers
Unpaid
family
work
ers
Number employed (thousands)
SEC O N D A R Y JOB
1,111
1956...........................................................................................................
1957...........................................................................................................
1958..:........................................................................................................
1959...........................................................................................................
3,653
3,570
3,099
2,966
1,035
850
649
1960...........................................................................................................
1962...........................................................................................................
1963...........................................................................................................
1964...........................................................................................................
1965...........................................................................................................
1966...........................................................................................................
1969*..........................................................................................................
3,012
3,342
3,921
3,726
3,756
3,636
4,008
587
645
825
801
786
721
723
1970...........................................................................................................
1971...........................................................................................................
1972...........................
1973...........................................................................................................
1974...........................................................................................................
4,048
4,035
3 770
4762
3,889
1975...........................................................................................................
1976...........................................................................................................
1977...........................................................................................................
1978...........................................................................................................
1979...........................................................................................................
1980...........................................................................................................
3,918
3,948
4,558
4,493
4,724
4,759
1Data for the years 1956-58 and 1959-60 were collected in July and De
cember respectively.
2Surveys on dual jobholders were not conducted in 1961, 1967, and
1968.
3 Data for 1969 forward refer to persons 16 years and over; 14 years and
over for prior years. Due to the absence of 1980 census population con
485
506
362
130
626
529
488
519
135
176
188
185
167
139
452
469
637
616
619
582
602
738
700
670
833
697
122
616
604
562
718
591
705
674
755
752
752
723
133
121
96
108
115
106
100
111
118
145
173
572
574
644
634
580
549
2,202
—
—
—
—
2,542
2,535
2,249
2,317
2,187
1,905
1,907
340
348
344
410
—
—
—
—
___
2,425
2,697
3,096
2,925
2,970
2,915
3,285
2,025
2,176
2,481
2,367
2,389
2,335
2,698
400
521
615
558
581
580
587
_
—
—
—
3,310
3,335
3 100
3^429
3,192
2,748
2,607
2 424
2731
2,500
562
728
676
698
692
3,213
3,273
3,803
3,741
3,999
4,036
2,549
2,535
2,923
2,878
3,993
3,024
664
738
880
863
1,006
—
—
—
—
—
—
___
—
_
—
___
—
—
—
—
—
1,012
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
trols, data on dual jobholders were not adjusted back to 1970. 1980 is the
last year for which these data are available.
Note: Persons whose only extra job is as an unpaid family worker are
not counted as dual jobholders.
115
Table 50. Employment status of the population by marital status and sex, March,1 1947-82
[Numbers in thousands]
Men
Women
Labor force
Marital status and year
Total
Popula
tion2
Labor force
Unemployed
Number
Percent
of
popula
tion
Em
ployed
Number
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Popula
tion2
Unemployed
Number
Percent
of
popula
tion
12,078
11,623
11,174
6,181
5,943
5,682
51.2
51.1
50.9
Em
ployed
Number
Percent
of labor
force
5,991
5,697
5,395
190
246
287
3.1
4.1
5.1
349
6.2
168
130
317
3.7
3.0
2.5
5.9
SINGLE
1947................................
1948................................
1949................................
14,760
14,734
13,952
9,375
9,440
8,957
63.5
64.1
64.2
8,500
8,699
8,048
849
(’)
863
1950................................
1951................................
1952................................
1953................................
1954................................
14,212
12,984
13,000
13,004
8,898
8,036
7,836
7,825
7,924
62.6
61.9
60.9
60.2
60.9
7,638
7,550
7,254
7,347
7,099
1,188
427
444
390
697
13.4
5.3
5.7
5.0
8.8
11,126
10,946
11,068
10,774
11,043
5,621
5,430
5,532
5,223
5,412
50.5
49.6
50.0
48.5
49.0
5,272
5,228
5,360
5,089
5,095
1955................................
1956................................
1957................................
1958................................
1959................................
13,522
13,516
13,754
14,331
14,768
8,276
8,086
7,958
8,174
8,416
61.2
59.8
57.9
57.0
57.0
7,495
7,400
7,166
6,959
7,263
653
625
716
7.9
7.7
9.0
13.7
12.9
10,962
11,126
11,487
11,822
11,884
5,087
5,167
5,378
5,365
5,162
46.4
46.4
46.8
45.4
43.4
4,865
4,919
5,139
5,078
4,832
248
239
287
330
1960................................
1961................................
1962................................
1983................................
1964................................
15,274
15,886
15,708
16,361
16,968
8,473
8,837
7,327
7,533
7,134
7,059
7,428
1,067
1,246
922
1,124
1,085
12.6
8,267
8,617
55.5
55.6
51.7
50.5
50.8
12,252
12,764
13,134
13,692
14,132
5,401
5,663
5,481
5,614
5,781
44.1
44.4
41.7
41.0
40.9
5,079
5,235
5,096
5,218
5,3S6
322
428
385
396
415
1965................................
1966................................
1967................................
1968................................
1969................................
17,338
17,684
13,987
14,596
14,890
8,719
8,781
8,350
8,695
8,797
50.3
49.7
59.7
59.6
59.1
7,765
7,914
7,553
7,816
10.3
9.1
7.8
8,000
898
799
654
707
675
14,607
14,981
11,664
12,381
12,689
5,912
6,106
5,915
6,357
6,501
40.5
40.8
50.7
51.3
51.2
5,491
5,729
5,566
5,944
6,093
421
377
349
413
408
1970................................
1971................................
1972................................
1973................................
1974................................
15,722
16,614
16,707
16,993
17,770
9,545
10,009
10,784
11,239
11,919
60.7
60.2
64.5
8,552
8,540
9,131
9,903
10,476
869
1,324
1,504
1,247
1,337
9.1
13.2
13.9
11.1
11.2
13,141
13,678
13,702
14,017
14,573
6,965
7,220
7,543
7,838
8,362
53.0
52.8
55.0
55.9
57.4
6,473
6,514
6,793
7,119
7,586
492
706
751
719
777
10.0
1975................................
1976................................
1977................................
1978................................
1979................................
18,597
19,224
20,023
20,825
21,710
12,474
12,826
13,606
14.424
15,416
67.1
66.7
2,064
1,968
2,093
1,903
1,912
16.5
15.3
15.4
13.2
12.5
15,085
15,684
16,399
17,258
17,977
8,599
9,282
9,702
10,487
11,304
57.0
59.2
59.2
60.7
62.9
7,514
8,182
8,521
9,303
10,178
1,085
12.6
1,182
1,185
1,127
12.2
69.3
71.0
10,288
10,772
11,410
12,439
13,392
10.0
1980................................
1981................................
1982................................
22,191
22,490
23,063
15,705
15,916
16,278
70.8
70.8
70.6
13,540
13,302
13,133
2,049
2,477
3,028
13.1
15.7
18.7
18,273
18,674
18,980
11,242
11,628
11,801
61.5
62.3
62.2
10,087
10,291
10,325
1,156
1,337
1,476
10.3
11.5
12.5
1947................................
1948................................
1949................................
33,389
34,289
35,323
30,927
31,713
32,559
92.6
92.5
92.2
29,865
30,563
31,101
837
(s)
1,115
2.7
6,676
7,553
7,959
20.0
22.0
22.5
6,502
7,369
7,637
174
184
322
2.6
3.4
33,458
34,289
35,323
1950................................
1951................................
1952................................
1953................................
1954................................
35,925
35,998
36,510
37,106
37,346
32,912
32,998
33,482
33,950
34,153
91.6
91.7
91.7
91.5
91.5
30,938
31,968
32,222
32,540
32,139
1,503
480
464
564
1,328
4.6
1.5
1.4
1.7
3.9
35,925
35,998
36,510
37,106
37,346
8,550
9,086
9,222
9,763
9,923
23.8
25.2
25.3
26.3
26.6
8,038
8,750
8,946
9,525
9,388
512
336
266
236
535
6.0
1955................................
37,570
1956................................
38,306
1957................................
38,940
1958................................
39,182
1959................................
39,529
See footnotes at end of table.
34,064
34,855
35,280
35,327
35,437
90.7
91.0
90.6
90.2
89.6
32,207
33,046
33,536
32,283
32,928
1,171
1,016
1,024
2,267
1,583
3.4
2.9
2.9
6.4
4.5
37,570
38,306
38,940
39,182
39,529
10,423
11,126
11,529
11,826
12,205
27.7
29.0
29.6
30.2
30.9
10,021
402
450
493
833
689
3.9
4.0
4.3
7.0
5.6
12,868
8,121
66.1
67.1
68.0
1,122
1,083
9.1
—
9.6
14.1
11.4
13.6
12.6
8.1
7.7
202
222
1,100
4.4
4.8
4.4
5.3
6.4
6.0
7.6
7.0
7.1
7.2
7.1
6.2
5.9
6.5
6.3
7.1
9.8
9.2
9.3
11.9
11.3
M ARRIED, SPOUSE
PRESENT
116
—
10,676
11,036
10,993
11,516
2.4
4.0
3.7
2.9
2.4
5.4
Table 50. Employment status of the population by marital status and sex, March,1 1947-82
—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Men
Women
Labor force
Marital status and year
Popula
tion 2
Total
Number
Labor force
Unemployed
Percent
of
popula
tion
Em
ployed
Number
Percent
of labor
force
1,564
2,137
1,605
1,567
1,310
4.4
5.9
4.4
4.3
3.6
1,088
2.9
2.4
Popula
tion2
Unemployed
Total
Number
Percent
of
popula
tion
Em
ployed
40,205
40,524
41,218
41,705
42,045
12,253
13,266
13,485
14,061
14,461
30.5
32.7
32.7
33.7
34.4
11,587
12,337
12,716
13,303
13,626
666
929
769
758
835
5.4
7.0
5.7
5.4
5.8
42,367
42,826
43,225
43,947
44,440
14,708
15,178
15,908
16,821
17,595
34.7
35.4
36.8
38.3
39.6
13,959
14,623
15,189
16,199
16,947
749
555
719
622
648
5.1
3.7
4.5
3.7
3.7
45,055
45,538
46,590
47,224
47,704
18,377
18,573
19,336
19,951
20,541
40.8
40.8
41.5
42.2
43.1
17,497
17,484
18,295
19,025
19,562
880
1,089
1,041
926
979
4.8
5.9
5.4
4.6
4.8
Number
Percent
of labor
force
M ARRIED, SPOUSE
PRESENT— C ontinued
1960................................
1961................................
1962................................
1963................................
1964................................
40,205
40,524
41,218
41,705
42,045
35,757
36,201
36,396
36,740
36,898
88.9
89.3
88.3
87.8
33,179
33,080
33,883
34,305
34,667
1965................................
1966................................
1967................................
1968................................
1969................................
42,367
42,826
43,225
43,947
44,440
37,140
37,346
37,588
38,225
38,623
87.7
87.2
87.0
87.0
86.9
35,185
35,685
35,963
36,552
37,065
1970................................
1971................................
1972................................
1973................................
1974................................
45,055
45,538
46,590
47,224
47,704
39,138
39,130
39,798
39,997
40,005
86.9
85.9
85.4
84.7
83.9
37,103
36,686
37,443
38,020
37,945
1,020
2.6
1,444
1,331
1,118
1,135
3.7
3.3
1975................................
1976................................
1977................................
1978................................
1979................................
48,124
48,434
48,666
48,679
49,109
39,968
39,875
39,994
39,811
40,065
83.0
82.3
82.2
81.8
81.6
36,639
37,132
37,450
37,647
38,109
2,390
1,955
1,735
1,409
1,266
6.0
4.9
4.3
3.5
3.2
48,098
48,421
48,648
48,665
49,093
21,360
21,814
22,681
23,136
24,223
44.4
45.1
46.6
47.5
49.3
19,538
20,258
21,128
21,927
22,972
1,823
1,556
1,554
1,252
8.5
7.1
6.9
5.2
5.2
1980................................
1981................................
1982................................
49,714
49,896
50,293
40,358
40,293
40,164
81.2
80.8
79.9
38,038
37,739
36,986
1,610
1,936
2,516
4.1
4.9
6.4
49,699
49,883
50,281
24,900
25,460
25,756
50.1
51.0
51.2
23,590
23,995
23,928
1,311
1,465
1,828
5.3
5.8
7.1
1947................................
1948................................
1949................................
4,201
4,204
4,174
2,760
2,689
2,545
65.7
64.0
61.0
2,546
2,539
2,314
211
7.6
3,466
3,659
3,526
37.4
38.7
37.1
3,309
3,463
3,324
157
196
8.9
9,270
9,452
9,505
202
4.5
5.4
5.7
1950................................
1951................................
1952................................
1953................................
1954................................
4,149
4,438
4,186
4,678
4,947
2,616
2,754
2,602
3,060
3,081
63.1
62.1
62.2
65.4
62.3
2,301
2,616
2,422
2,870
2,755
140
150
318
11.9
4.4
5.4
4.9
10.3
9,584
10,410
10,456
11,060
11,153
3,624
4,086
4,058
4,319
4,391
37.8
39.2
38.8
39.0
39.4
3,364
3,910
3,928
4,205
4,120
260
176
130
7.2
4.3
3.2
1955................................
1956................................
1957................................
1958................................
1959................................
4,902
4,922
4,776
4,949
4,961
2,976
3,001
2,795
2,903
2,967
60.7
61.0
58.5
58.7
59.8
2,699
2,737
2,571
2,524
2,651
269
246
9.0
211
8.2
12.2
4,643
4,549
4,617
4,810
5,009
39.6
39.4
40.4
40.8
41.2
4,398
4,300
4,417
4,474
4,637
245
249
200
354
305
11,718
11,543
11,436
11,780
12,148
1960................................
1961................................
1962................................
1963................................
1964................................
4,794
4,828
5,203
5,174
5,205
2,845
2,829
2,989
2,932
2,933
59.3
58.6
57.4
56.7
56.3
2,542
2,490
2,629
2,598
2,635
279
326
355
322
286
9.8
11.5
11.9
9.8
12,150
12,559
12,814
12,995
13,326
4,861
5,270
5,012
5,000
5,157
40.0
42.0
39.1
38.5
38.7
4,553
4,841
4,681
4,665
4,794
308
429
331
335
363
5,438
5,278
5,512
5,278
5,501
See footnotes at enc of table.
3,032
2,959
3,025
2,816
2,977
55.8
56.1
54.9
53.4
54.1
2,724
2,794
2,817
2,682
2,842
297
160
190
124
124
9.8
5.4
6.3
4.4
4.2
13,717
14,021
14,521
14,351
14,791
5,332
5,536
5,722
5,600
5,802
38.9
39.5
39.4
39.0
39.2
5,044
5,278
5,471
5,325
5,573
288
258
251
275
229
88.1
888
790
787
662
2.1
2.1
1.7
2.8
2.8
1,210
W ID O W ED , D IVO RCED,
OR S EPARATED
1965................................
1966................................
1967................................
1968................................
1969................................
(’)
227
311
121
117
—
7.5
10.3
11.0
112
269
336
372
2.6
6.1
5.3
5.5
4.3
7.0
7.4
6.3
8.1
6.6
6.7
7.0
5.4
4.7
4.4
4.9
3.9
Table 50. Employment status of the population by marital status and sex, March,1 1947-82
—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Men
Women
Labor force
Marital status and year
Total
Popula
tion2
Labor force
Unemployed
Number
Percent
of
popula
tion
Em
ployed
Number
Unemployed
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Popula
tion 2
Em
ployed
Number
Percent
of
popula
tion
15,065
15,553
15,593
16,177
16,611
5,891
5,985
6,254
6,406
6,805
39.1
38.5
40.1
39.6
41.0
5,611
5,601
5,876
6,033
6,388
280
384
378
372
417
7,022
7,304
7,670
8,124
8,318
40.8
40.9
41.8
42.8
43.1
6,398
6,675
6,976
7,543
7,759
625
629
695
580
558
8,792
9,327
9,538
44.0
45.1
45.0
8,225
8,600
8,642
567
727
896
Number
Percent
of labor
force
W ID O W E D , D IVO RCED,
OR S EPARATED—
C ontinued
1970................................
1971................................
1972................................
1973................................
1974................................
5,416
5,695
5,312
5,640
5,968
2,938
3,129
3,322
3,514
3,915
54.2
54.9
62.5
62.3
65.6
2,724
2,847
3,017
3,256
3,635
192
260
279
218
239
6.5
8.3
8.4
1975................................
1976................................
1977................................
1978................................
1979................................
6,198
6,614
7,032
7,534
7,593
4,036
4,163
65.1
62.9
65.0
66.9
65.9
3,436
3,589
3,990
4,537
4,588
564
514
510
440
366
14.0
12.3
11.2
8.7
7.3
17,218
17,863
18,335
18,963
19,319
1 9 8 0 ....................................
7,999
8,624
8,745
5,340
5,913
6,094
66.8
68.6
4,835
5,307
5,196
442
545
809
8.4
9.3
13.5
19,967
20,702
21,174
1981................................
1982................................
4,568
5,040
5,004
69.7
6.2
6.1
4.8
6.4
6.0
5.8
6.1
8.9
8.6
9.1
7.1
6.7
6.4
7.8
9.4
*1 Data for the years 1947-49 and 1951-55 were collected in April.
Armed Forces living off post or with their families on post are included in
Data relate to the civilian population (including institutional) 14 years
the male population and labor force figures,
and over until 1967, 16 and over beginning 1967; beginning 1^72, data
3 Not available,
relate to the civilian noninstitutional population. Male members of the
2
118
Table 51. Employment status of widowed, divorced, or separated persons by sex, March, 1970-82
[Numbers in thousands]
Women
Men
Labor force
Labor force
Marital status and year
Total
Popu
lation 1
Unemployed
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
popu
lation
Em
ployed
Unemployed
Total
Popu
lation 1
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
labor
force
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
popu
lation
Em
ployed
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
labor
force
W ID O W ED
1970...............................................................................
1971...............................................................................
1972...............................................................................
1973...............................................................................
1974...............................................................................
2,110
1,996
1,835
1,926
1,856
673
572
595
603
637
31.9
28.7
32.4
31.3
34.3
624
551
567
582
613
48
21
27
20
24
7.1
3.7
4.5
3.3
3.8
9,640
9,816
9,657
9,938
9,926
2,542
2,522
2,582
2,503
2,459
26.4
25.7
26.7
25.2
24.8
2,463
2,429
2,501
2,413
2,344
79
93
82
90
115
3.1
3.7
3.2
3.6
4.7
1975...............................................................................
1976...............................................................................
1977...............................................................................
1978...............................................................................
1979...............................................................................
1,789
1,796
1,891
1,865
1,950
601
531
562
559
558
33.6
29.6
29.7
30.0
28.6
543
481
518
524
535
57
50
45
32
23
9.5
9.4
8.0
5.7
4.1
10,126
10,187
10,219
10,370
10,701
2,416
2,270
2,294
2,319
2,414
23.9
22.3
22.4
22.4
22.6
2,285
2,135
2,152
2,209
2,292
131
136
142
109
122
5.4
6.0
6.2
4.7
5.1
1980...............................................................................
1981...............................................................................
1982...............................................................................
1,977
1,949
1,861
554
544
519
28.0
27.9
27.9
530
510
457
22
33
61
4.0
6.1
11.9
10,758
10,845
10,796
2,421
2,416
2,287
22.5
22.3
21.2
2,328
2,276
2,152
93
139
135
3.8
5.8
5.9
1970...............................................................................
1971...............................................................................
1972...............................................................................
1973...............................................................................
1974...............................................................................
1,577
1,835
1,792
1,980
2,357
1,200
1,318
1,419
1,541
1,873
76.1
71.8
79.2
77.8
79.5
1,117
1,194
1,281
1,423
1,734
74
117
126
108
128
6.2
8.9
8.9
7.0
6.8
2,695
2,842
3,081
3,315
3,681
1,927
2,002
2,162
2,367
2,685
71.5
70.4
70.2
71.4
72.9
1,823
1,861
2,039
2,242
2,556
104
141
123
125
130
5.4
7.0
5.7
5.3
4.8
1975...............................................................................
1976...............................................................................
1977...............................................................................
1978...............................................................................
1979...............................................................................
2,569
2,816
3,211
3,428
3,522
1,973
2,163
2,528
2,745
2,821
76.8
76.8
78.7
80.1
80.1
1,683
1,880
2,226
2,492
2,591
275
269
277
227
207
13.9
12.4
11.0
8.3
7.3
4,061
4,486
4,954
5,361
5,476
2,929
3,204
3,628
3,965
4,053
72.1
71.4
73.2
74.0
74.0
2,679
2,964
3,319
3,695
3,801
251
241
310
271
252
8.6
7.5
8.5
6.8
6.2
1980...............................................................................
1981...............................................................................
1982...............................................................................
3,928
4,393
4,605
3,125
3,561
3,761
79.6
81.1
81.7
2,811
3,187
3,247
286
345
471
9.2
9.8
12.7
5,966
6,445
6,899
4,443
4,835
5,164
74.5
75.0
74.9
4,160
4,508
4,705
283
328
459
6.4
6.8
8.9
1970...............................................................................
1971...............................................................................
1972...............................................................................
1973...............................................................................
1974...............................................................................
1,729
1,865
1,685
1,735
1,755
1,065
1,239
1,307
1,371
1,406
61.6
66.4
77.6
79.0
80.1
983
1,102
1,168
1,251
1,288
70
122
127
90
88
6.6
9.8
9.7
6.6
6.3
2,730
2,895
2,855
2,924
3,005
1,422
1,461
1,509
1,536
1,661
52.1
50.5
52.9
52.5
55.3
1,325
1,311
1,336
1,379
1,489
97
150
174
158
173
6.8
10.2
11.5
10.3
10.4
1975...............................................................................
1976...............................................................................
1977...............................................................................
1978...............................................................................
1979...............................................................................
1,841
2,002
1,931
2,241
2,122
1,459
1,469
1,477
1,740
1,628
79.2
73.4
76.5
77.6
76.7
1,208
1,228
1,246
1,522
1,462
233
195
190
181
137
16.0
13.3
13.9
10.4
8.4
3,031
3,189
3,162
3,232
3,142
1,677
1,829
1,748
1,840
1,850
55.3
57.4
55.3
56.9
58.9
1,435
1,576
1,504
1,640
1,666
243
252
243
200
185
14.5
13.8
13.9
10.9
10.0
1980...............................................................................
1981...............................................................................
1982...............................................................................
2,094
2,282
2,279
1,662
1,809
1,815
79.4
79.3
79.6
1,494
1,610
1,491
134
167
277
8.1
9.2
15.7
3,243
3,412
3,479
1,928
2,076
2,087
59.4
60.8
60.0
1,737
1,816
1,785
191
260
302
9.9
12.5
14.5
DIVO R C ED
SEPARATED
1Data relate to the civilian population (including institutional) 16 years and
over for 1970-71; beginning 1972, data relate to the civilian noninstitutional
population. Male members of the Armed Forces living off post or with their
families on post are included in the male population and labor force figures.
119
Table 52. Labor force participation rates1 by marital status, sex, and aae. March,2 1947-82
Women
Men
45 to 64 years
Marital status and year
16
years 1619to 2024to 2534to 3544to
and
over years years years years Total
45
to
54
55
to
64
45 to
65
16
35 to
years years 1619to 2024to 2534to 44
and and
over over years years years years Total
64 years
45
to
54
55
to
64
65
years
and
over
SINGLE
1947............................................................ 63.5
1948............................................................ 64.1
1949........................................................... 64.2
(3)
(3) 85.0
(3)
(3)
(3)
45.3
77.1
86.6
85.1
75.1
1950............................................................
1951...........................................................
1952...........................................................
1953............................................................
1954...........................................................
62.6
61.9
60.9
60.2
60.9
42.1
42.7
40.7
41.7
40.8
78.7
77.1
79.2
75.5
78.6
84.1
84.3
86.8
86.1
89.2
83.6
83.0
83.7
81.0
83.2
74.1
(3)
(3)
78.5
(3)
(3)
76.6 85.0 66.2
74.8 78.1 70.8
81.8 84.1 78.6
1955...........................................................
1956...........................................................
1957...........................................................
1958...........................................................
1959...........................................................
61.2
59.8
57.9
57.0
57.0
39.4
39.2
38.9
36.0
36.5
76.5
75.9
73.2
73.9
75.3
89.1
89.7
86.5
87.5
88.2
82.2
85.4
82.9
82.8
85.1
86.7
76.3
77.0
78.1
75.3
88.8
82.0
83.1
83.7
79.7
1960...........................................................
1961...........................................................
1962...........................................................
1963...........................................................
1964...........................................................
55.5
55.6
51.7
50.5
50.8
34.4
34.3
32.4
31.7
33.0
76.6
76.3
73.9
74.1
70.6
85.3
87.5
87.0
85.5
83.6
85.3
88.2
80.3
81.0
82.8
74.4
77.5
73.4
72.6
73.9
1965...........................................................
1966...........................................................
1967...........................................................
1968...........................................................
1969...........................................................
50.3
49.7
59.7
59.6
59.1
32.0
34.5
46.6
46.7
46.9
72.3
69.0
69.8
67.7
67.5
85.3
85.1
85.7
85.2
84.0
84.6
84.8
84.6
80.8
79.2
1970...........................................................
1971...........................................................
1972...........................................................
1973...........................................................
1974...........................................................
60.7 49.0 69.0
6 . .2 47.1 68.5
64.5 51.3 73.2
66.1 52.9 75.4
67.1 54.5 75.4
86.2
84.2
87.2
87.3
86.8
1975...........................................................
1976...........................................................
1977...........................................................
1978...........................................................
1979...........................................................
67.1
66.7
68.0
69.3
71.0
53.2
52.7
54.3
55.9
57.1
76.5
75.2
77.5
78.2
79.0
1980...........................................................
1981...........................................................
1982...........................................................
70.8
70.8
70.6
56.8 79.6
54.9 80.1
51.6 79.2
41.0
36.8
28.2
30.2
28.9
50.5
49.6
50.0
48.5
49.0
26.3
28.4
28.0
27.4
27.5
74.9 84.6
75.6 82.0
75.9 83.0
76.2 81.3
77.2 88.7
83.6
81.7
78.4
77.3
77.0
70.6
(3) 23.8
(3)
65.0
(3)
(3) 18.9
71.9 78.5 63.1 16.4
68.3 72.9 62.7 23.2
70.8 76.9 61.1 17.3
83.6
67.9
68.9
72.1
69.6
31.6
25.9
26.8
28.9
25.3
46.4
46.4
46.8
45.4
43.4
24.6
24.7
26.8
24.7
24.0
69.6
72.2
74.6
72.9
72.7
80.9
85.5
79.5
80.1
76.4
81.2
78.5
81.9
79.1
81.8
74.8
70.1
72.9
72.4
71.1
79.4
74.7
78.0
77.3
74.4
69.1
63.8
66.7
66.1
66.1
26.0
24.3
24.5
26.7
20.3
77.5
82.6
76.0
75.7
81.4
69.7
69.0
70.0
69.0
64.5
24.3 44.1
23.0 44.4
24.8 41.7
18.2 41.0
20.3 40.9
25.3
26.1
25.0
23.6
23.5
73.4
76.5
70.9
71.9
74.0
79.9
79.9
79.8
81.4
87.2
79.7
77.5
77.3
82.5
83.0
75.1
76.0
71.0
73.7
71.3
80.6
81.8
74.1
79.2
75.0
67.0
68.6
67.2
67.6
67.0
21.6
20.8
17.3
16.9
19.2
72.0
67.6
69.3
67.9
69.2
78.5
71.6
76.6
74.8
76.6
65.1
63.0
61.8
57.3
57.8
18.1 40.5
15.7 40.8
16.2 50.7
15.4 51.3
18.7 51.2
23.6
25.5
37.2
37.4
37.1
72.3
72.6
70.3
68.7
69.4
83.4
80.9
80.9
79.8
80.9
77.0
75.4
74.5
77.2
72.3
71.8
69.7
67.8
70.0
67.9
75.7
73.6
72.2
74.9
72.8
68.1
65.6
63.2
64.8
62.8
21.3
18.0
17.3
18.2
18.4
82.3
79.1
85.7
88.7
86.8
66.6
69.3
71.0
72.3
72.9
71.5
76.5
80.6
77.4
78.3
60.2
57.6
58.0
66.0
66.1
21.0
21.4
24.6
19.6
15.4
53.0
52.8
55.0
55.9
57.4
39.5
39.6
42.0
43.7
45.7
71.1
69.1
70.0
70.7
71.7
80.7
77.6
84.7
81.7
81.8
73.3
72.7
71.4
73.6
72.3
67.8
69.4
70.9
69.9
70.6
72.3
74.1
73.0
73.8
77.6
63.7
65.2
69.1
66.4
64.2
17.6
17.4
19.1
17.2
14.7
87.4
86.0
88.1
86.5
87.9
86.5
84.1
80.6
82.4
83.0
68.7
68.6
65.5
68.0
70.1
76.5
73.9
69.7
76.4
77.3
59.3
62.4
60.9
55.5
59.6
20.5
19.1
20.4
20.1
21.4
57.0
59.2
59.2
60.7
62.9
45.5
46.3
47.4
48.7
51.0
69.5
72.8
71.2
72.5
75.0
80.4
84.5
83.6
82.3
83.2
77.8
76.1
72.8
77.3
76.6
68.4
70.6
69.4
67.6
67.4
76.4
76.6
74.6
73.8
73.8
60.1
64.4
64.3
61.2
60.9
16.2
16.9
16.0
17.2
15.2
87.3
88.4
88.8
79.9 65.2 74.5 53.5
82.7 60.9 70.2 50.9
85.8 62.1 71.2 51.1
20.0
13.6
17.8
61.5
62.3
62.2
49.0
48.8
46.4
72.2
73.1
73.5
84.2
82.6
83.1
78.5 62.8 70.5 54.5
79.1 66.0 74.3 56.5
81.0 64.9 73.8 56.1
12.0
13.6
12.3
(3)
(3)
(3) 40.2
(3)
(3) 22.7
23.2
24.3
(3)
(3) 78.2
29.3 78.8 81.8
28.8 75.8 81.0
(3)
(3)
(3)
79.4 66.3
78.1 61.6
80.4 66.8
51.2
51.1
50.9
85.5 79.1
(3)
(3) 42.1
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
M ARRIED, SPOUSE PRESENT
(3)
(3)
(3)
4.1
6.1
5.2
28.5
30.5
31.7
33.6
33.1
21.8
(3)
(3)
23.7
(3)
(3)
24.1 29.0 16.9
25.7 30.8 17.6
26.9 31.0 20.7
6.4
6.5
5.9
6.0
5.4
26.0
26.3
27.1
27.4
28.5
33.7
34.3
35.7
36.7
36.9
29.0
31.5
32.2
32.6
33.9
33.9
36.5
37.2
38.2
40.3
21.3
23.5
24.6
23.8
24.0
7.5
7.8
6.3
6.7
6.4
30.0
32.4
31.6
33.2
36.6
27.7
29.2
29.4
30.0
30.6
36.2
38.4
39.0
39.8
39.4
34.2
37.3
37.2
38.9
39.5
40.5
42.4
42.5
44.4
44.8
24.3
29.3
29.0
30.4
31.3
5.9
7.3
7.6
6.4
7.6
35.6
38.1
41.1
42.7
47.9
32.1
32.5
35.0
36.6
36.9
40.6
41.3
42.7
43.9
45.4
39.0
39.5
40.4
42.2
43.1
44.0
44.9
44.9
46.9
48.2
31.4
31.3
33.5
35.1
35.4
7.6
6.8
6.6
6.5
7.6
1947...........................................................
1948...........................................................
1949...........................................................
92.6
92.5
92.2
1950...........................................................
1951...........................................................
1952...........................................................
1953............................................................
1954...........................................................
91.6 92.6
91.7 96.7
91.7 97.0
91.5 100.0
91.5 91.6
94.5 97.0
95.6 98.2
97.9 99.0
96.1 98.7
98.0 98.9
98.8
98.4
98.8
98.8
99.0
92.8
(3)
(3)
93.5
(3)
(3)
93.8 97.1 89.3
94.9 97.6 91.0
94.9 97.8 90.9
53.4
50.9
47.8
46.2
47.1
23.8
25.2
25.3
26.3
26.6
24.0
17.6
21.9
20.8
20.9
28.5
29.1
25.8
28.2
25.6
23.8
25.6
25.4
25.2
26.3
1955............................................................
1956...........................................................
1957...........................................................
1958...........................................................
1959..........................................................
90.7
91.0
90.6
90.2
89.6
98.8
95.5
97.9
95.5
95.7
94.5
95.5
95.9
96.6
95.6
98.8
98.7
98.7
98.7
98.6
98.8
99.2
98.7
98.7
98.9
93.8
94.6
94.4
94.0
94.0
97.4
97.8
97.6
97.2
97.3
88.8
90.1
90.1
89.4
89.3
44.2
44.8
42.4
40.6
38.2
27.7
29.0
29.6
30.2
30.9
19.8
27.6
24.0
25.9
28.1
29.4
30.9
30.2
30.7
30.6
1960...........................................................
1961...........................................................
1962...........................................................
1963...........................................................
1964...........................................................
88.9 96.0
89.3 98.3
88.3 95.2
88.1 97.8
87.8 95.3
97.5
97.4
96.0
96.5
96.7
98.6
99.0
98.7
98.6
98.5
98.4
98.6
98.6
98.9
98.4
93.0
93.7
93.6
93.6
93.2
96.6
97.0
97.1
97.3
97.4
87.9
89.1
88.8
88.4
87.4
37.1
37.6
35.0
32.3
31.0
30.5
32.7
32.7
33.7
34.4
25.3
27.8
27.5
29.8
31.1
1965...........................................................
1966...........................................................
1967...........................................................
1968...........................................................
1969...........................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
87.7
87.2
87.0
87.0
86.9
96.6
96.9
96.6
95.3
95.0
98.5
98.6
98.5
98.5
98.3
98.2
98.1
98.2
98.4
98.2
92.8
92.5
92.1
92.2
91.6
96.8
96.6
96.6
96.3
95.9
87.1
86.7
86.0
86.8
86.0
31.1 34.7 27.0
29.8 35.4 34.3
28.8 36.8 31.5
29.6 38.3 36.3
30.9 39.6 35.4
(3)
(3) 97.7 98.8 95.0
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3) 94.9 97.7 98.7 94.3
94.3
91.5
93.8
94.7
95.6
(3)
(3)
(3)
120
(3) 54.5 20.0
(3)
(3) 22.0
(3) 51.9 22.5
(3)
(3) 19.3
21.2 24.9 22.2
18.6 24.5 22.7
25.8 18.4
27.3 19.4
28.5 20.6
(3)
(3)
(3)
Table 52. Labor force participation rates1 by marital status, sex, and age, March,2 1947-82
—Continued
Women
Men
Marital status and year
45 to 64 years
16
years 1619to 2024to 2534to 3544to
and
over years years years years Total
45
to
54
55
to
64
45 to
65
16
20 to 25 to 35 to
years years 1619to 24
34
44
and and
over over years years years years Total
64 years
45
to
54
55
to
64
65
years
and
over
M ARRIED, SPOUSE PRESENT—
Continued
1970............................................................
1971...........................................................
1972............................................................
1973............................................................
1974...........................................................
86.9
85.9
85.4
84.7
83.9
95.5
90.9
93.4
96.3
93.3
95.0
94.8
95.2
95.1
95.4
98.2
97.8
98.0
97.4
97.6
98.1
97.9
97.9
97.5
97.6
91.6
91.2
90.6
89.0
88.5
96.1
96.0
95.3
94.8
94.2
85.7
85.1
84.5
81.5
81.1
30.2
27.8
26.6
26.0
24.1
40.8
40.8
41.5
42.2
43.1
36.0
37.0
39.0
42.3
44.4
47.4
47.0
48.6
53.0
54.1
39.3
39.9
41.3
44.1
46.1
47.2
47.6
48.6
49.3
50.1
44.1
44.0
44.1
42.8
43.4
49.5
48.9
50.5
48.1
49.5
35.8
36.7
35.4
35.2
34.8
7.9
7.3
7.3
6.5
6.7
1975...........................................................
1976...........................................................
1977...........................................................
1978...........................................................
1979...........................................................
83.0
82.3
82.2
81.8
81.6
92.3
94.9
95.2
98.1
98.3
95.1
95.1
96.2
96.1
96.5
97.3
97.6
97.2
97.6
97.5
97.0
96.7
97.3
97.1
97.2
87.0
85.7
85.3
84.7
84.6
93.8
93.2
93.1
93.2
93.5
78.8
76.8
76.3
75.0
75.0
23.7
22.4
20.9
21.0
21.5
44.4
45.1
46.6
47.5
49.3
46.0
44.9
49.8
45.2
51.4
57.3
55.5
60.0
58.9
61.5
48.3
49.8
52.2
55.2
57.0
51.9
54.2
55.9
57.5
60.2
43.9
44.1
44.8
45.4
46.5
50.1
50.0
51.7
52.6
54.3
35.6
36.3
36.0
36.2
37.2
7.2
7.2
7.0
6.5
7.9
1980...........................................................
1981...........................................................
1982...........................................................
81.2
80.8
79.9
97.3
94.5
94.3
96.8
96.8
96.6
97.5
97.5
97.4
97.0 84.8 93.4 75.4
97.2 84.3 93.3 74.6
96.8 83.0 92.7 73.1
20.4
19.9
18.9
50.1
51.0
51.2
47.7
45.9
49.6
60.5
61.6
62.1
59.3
61.6
61.8
62.5 46.9 55.7 36.7
62.5 47.8 58.0 36.5
64.1 47.5 57.6 36.6
7.2
7.3
7.1
67.6 45.4
67.9 48.9
68.4 46.7
(3)
(3)
(3)
7.6
8.5
8.6
W ID O W ED , DIVORCED, OR
SEPARATED
1947...........................................................
1948...........................................................
1949...........................................................
65.7
64.0
61.0
(3)
(3) 85.2 89.6 78.8
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(4) 69.9 78.0 87.1 74.9
1950...........................................................
1951...........................................................
1952...........................................................
1953...........................................................
1954...........................................................
63.1
62.1
62.2
65.4
62.3
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
75.0
81.7
78.2
(6)
82.2
83.8
81.8
81.1
82.9
76.3
83.4
87.4
88.2
92.1
90.6
83.1
(3)
(3)
77.8
(3)
(3)
79.0 79.1 78.9
84.2 89.6 79.9
78.8 83.7 74.4
30.2
27.6
27.3
29.2
22.7
37.8
39.2
38.8
39.0
39.4
(3)
39.1
41.0
47.8
48.6
45.5
45.3
59.0
52.9
47.6
62.3
58.7
63.0
61.2
62.7
65.4
69.0
68.7
67.2
69.3
50.2
(3)
(3)
51.5
(3)
(3)
49.6 61.5 39.5
52.4 64.7 42.6
52.0 61.8 44.6
8.8
9.2
8.2
9.1
9.8
1955...........................................................
1956...........................................................
1957...........................................................
1958...........................................................
1959...........................................................
60.7
61.0
58.5
58.7
59.8
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(6)
82.8
85.8
77.2
69.2
80.9
79.7
81.2
79.0
89.0
83.5
86.5
86.8
87.1
87.1
78.6
78.0
76.3
77.3
77.2
85.6
80.5
82.8
80.5
82.8
72.7
75.3
69.7
74.5
72.4
26.4
27.2
24.5
23.0
20.8
39.6
39.4
40.4
40.8
41.2
37.3
35.3
35.5
31.8
34.5
55.1
49.5
53.1
59.6
57.6
60.5
60.6
62.1
62.6
61.4
64.6
66.8
69.4
69.9
65.7
53.3
55.8
56.0
58.3
60.3
64.1
63.0
66.4
68.2
68.6
45.1
50.6
47.8
50.9
53.9
10.7
10.2
12.3
11.2
11.0
1960...........................................................
1961...........................................................
1962...........................................................
1963...........................................................
1964...........................................................
59.3
58.6
57.4
56.7
56.3
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
88.6
81.0
70.7
71.8
79.7
82.3
81.3
80.8
79.0
82.9
84.1
81.6
85.0
82.4
81.5
78.1
78.2
77.4
77.2
77.3
84.3
83.1
82.6
83.4
82.6
72.6
73.1
71.7
70.6
71.8
18.2
21.2
16.7
16.3
17.1
40.0
42.0
39.1
38.5
38.7
37.3
42.3
34.0
36.6
28.7
54.6
58.5
54.7
58.1
50.3
55.5
61.5
57.5
56.5
60.3
67.4
72.2
63.3
66.8
63.7
58.3
59.7
60.2
59.1
60.4
68.2
69.9
71.0
67.8
70.2
50.7
51.5
52.0
52.5
53.1
11.0
12.0
11.2
9.8
10.3
1965............................................................
1966............................................................
1967...........................................................
1968............................................................
1969...........................................................
55.8
56.1
54.9
53.4
54.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
65.0
85.6
78.4
68.4
72.9
79.0
82.4
81.0
81.9
80.7
82.1
84.6
82.6
85.4
82.5
77.2
75.3
74.6
72.4
73.6
81.6
80.5
81.4
80.7
85.1
72.6
70.9
68.0
64.0
60.1
18.8 38.9
14.8 39.5
15.2 39.4
14.0 39.0
14.9 39.2
35.2
45.0
41.1
51.1
51.8
58.6
55.3
60.9
62.0
62.9
62.8
58.5
62.4
61.1
63.5
65.0
67.2
68.9
68.8
66.4
59.8
61.3
60.2
60.4
60.8
67.9
69.0
69.1
69.2
68.5
53.3
55.4
53.5
54.1
55.0
10.0
10.7
9.6
9.4
10.2
1970...........................................................
1971............................................................
1972...........................................................
1973...........................................................
1974...........................................................
54.2
54.9
62.5
62.3
65.6
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
73.2
84.6
88.4
90.2
92.0
74.5
83.8
91.4
90.4
93.3
80.6
80.5
90.8
90.6
91.6
75.9
70.8
73.6
75.8
74.2
83.6
77.6
83.2
85.7
83.5
67.8
63.6
64.2
66.1
65.2
16.5 39.1
13.0 38.5
16.9 40.1
14.0 39.6
15.3 41.0
46.5
44.1
44.7
38.2
47.0
59.7
59.9
57.7
57.7
66.3
65.1
60.9
62.1
64.0
68.2
67.9
67.9
71.7
70.7
69.0
60.7
60.2
61.0
59.9
61.0
69.1
68.4
69.1
70.0
69.6
54.6
53.9
54.8
52.3
54.4
9.9
8.9
9.8
9.1
8.5
1975...........................................................
1976...........................................................
1977...........................................................
1978...........................................................
1979...........................................................
65.1
62.9
65.0
66.9
65.9
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
84.7
93.1
93.6
88.0
86.8
92.4
89.6
92.7
92.6
91.6
89.3
88.6
89.7
91.2
93.3
69.4
68.7
72.8
72.6
71.7
80.2
76.3
80.4
82.7
82.4
59.2
60.7
64.8
61.5
60.0
18.0 40.8
13.4 40.9
12.1 41.8
13.8 42.8
13.1 43.1
41.9
55.3
50.0
48.8
60.9
68.1
64.8
62.8
69.0
73.7
67.5
72.1
75.7
75.5
75.0
69.4
71.1
72.5
75.2
73.3
60.4
58.0
57.5
58.2
60.0
69.4
67.1
68.8
68.0
70.3
53.2
51.0
48.9
50.9
52.3
8.1
8.4
8.6
8.7
8.5
1980...........................................................
1981...........................................................
1982...........................................................
66.8
68.6
69.7
(4) 92.9
(4) 90.5
68.3 92.3
93.8
93.4
91.5
91.1 69.9 80.5 58.5
90.2 71.4 84.0 59.0
92.3 73.4 85.0 60.0
13.0 44.0
14.2 45.1
13.9 45.0
51.0
50.4
45.6
68.5
69.2
67.1
77.1
76.2
77.1
76.4 59.5 71.4 50.7
78.4 61.1 72.0 53.0
77.2 61.9 73.1 53.2
8.6
8.9
7.8
1 Percent of population in the labor force. See footnote 2, table 50.
2 See footnote 1, table 50.
3 Not available.
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3) 32.8 37.4
(3)
(3) 38.7
(3) 32.2 37.1
(3)
(3) 63.8
41.0 57.9 64.7
39.7 47.6 59.2
(3)
(3)
(3)
4 For years prior to 1967, data not shown where base is less than
100,000; for 1967 forward, data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
121
Table 53. Labor force participation rates 1 of widowed, divorced, or separated persons by sex and
age, March, 1970-82
Men
Marital status and year
16 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
(1
2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Women
45 to 64 years
45 to 64 years
Total
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
16 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
85.2
83.6
83.7
80.9
82.8
70.2
69.3
66.9
68.7
66.3
13.6
10.9
15.4
12.8
14.2
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
45.1
52.7
43.5
53.4
65
years
and
over
Total
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
60.3
60.1
66.0
59.9
50.5
56.7
56.9
56.8
55.3
55.7
65.9
67.6
65.1
65.7
64.3
52.4
52.0
52.8
50.7
51.8
9.5
8.5
9.2
8.3
8.2
W ID O W ED
1970................................................
1971................................................
1972................................................
1973................................................
1974................................................
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
75.5
74.3
72.5
72.0
71.6
1975................................................
1976................................................
1977................................................
1978................................................
1979................................................
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
87.8
(2)
65.6
63.7
69.1
67.0
65.7
74.1
75.5
82.1
86.2
82.9
61.7
57.8
61.2
56.1
55.5
16.2
13.4
11.7
13.4
11.5
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
48.5
51.0
59.9
66.6
54.4
57.0
64.1
68.9
68.8
52.9
54.5
51.0
50.4
51.1
54.2
62.5
61.8
62.9
62.1
66.0
50.2
46.3
45.3
46.4
49.0
7.7
7.7
8.0
8.0
7.8
1980................................................
1981................................................
1982................................................
(2)
<2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
61.2
57.6
61.8
77.4
79.5
80.0
54.4
49.3
53.3
10.9
11.7
11.5
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
66.4
64.6
61.5
60.8
65.6
62.4
52.0
52.5
52.4
65.9
67.6
65.2
46.7
46.8
47.4
7.9
7.9
7.0
1970................................................
1971................................................
1972................................................
1973................................................
1974................................................
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
94.0
86.0
92.7
89.9
81.5
88.3
92.5
91.8
94.1
86.8
83.1
92.7
92.3
91.5
81.8
71.0
73.8
75.0
75.0
88.0
85.1
86.0
84.9
72.0
60.7
60.1
59.3
61.5
26.9
22.3
28.8
18.6
20.2
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
66.0
74.3
66.7
66.2
79.5
81.0
76.4
73.5
77.4
77.6
79.5
79.9
82.3
82.5
81.7
73.5
73.2
74.2
74.4
76.4
82.1
76.8
80.7
81.3
81.4
62.1
67.5
63.7
62.9
67.8
20.1
21.3
20.3
18.8
17.2
1975................................................
1976................................................
1977................................................
1978................................................
1979................................................
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
87.6
94.4
91.9
92.8
86.7
92.7
91.5
95.3
93.7
93.2
90.0
89.0
91.4
92.6
94.5
70.4
73.4
75.2
74.2
76.4
82.7
81.9
81.9
84.8
84.7
54.4
62.5
66.6
61.6
64.8
24.9
13.1
11.5
20.0
17.5
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
80.3
72.3
72.5
76.7
85.8
76.8
78.2
82.3
81.7
81.7
80.5
78.8
81.2
82.6
82.7
74.8
73.3
72.7
73.4
72.9
79.9
76.9
79.3
78.2
78.8
67.1
67.8
62.5
66.9
64.9
15.2
19.2
17.9
20.4
17.1
1980................................................
1981................................................
1982................................................
(2)
(2)
(2)
91.9
91.6
93.2
93.7
94.3
91.2
92.6
91.6
92.8
72.6
74.2
75.5
81.4
85.0
85.4
59.7
60.3
59.9
16.2
18.6
17.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
76.3
78.1
74.0
84.1
82.1
82.2
83.6
84.5
84.2
73.3
74.9
76.0
80.6
77.9
81.0
62.8
70.9
69.1
15.2
20.5
16.8
1970................................................
1971................................................
1972................................................
1973................................................
1974................................................
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
66.0
79.3
89.7
88.2
93.7
68.0
78.4
90.3
88.8
92.0
73.0
76.9
90.0
90.4
93.4
69.3
67.5
75.4
82.2
77.8
76.8
74.3
81.6
88.9
84.1
59.9
59.5
67.1
72.9
70.7
21.7
17.1
18.9
19.0
19.4
43.6
44.7
41.4
37.5
42.9
57.3
53.0
54.3
54.4
59.1
52.7
48.6
52.9
54.4
59.7
57.4
57.2
61.5
61.5
61.7
57.3
54.7
58.1
56.0
57.1
60.3
58.6
59.5
60.4
60.3
53.1
48.4
55.9
50.0
52.1
9.1
7.1
12.6
20.0
4.1
1975................................................
1976................................................
1977................................................
1978................................................
1979................................................
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
82.0
92.2
94.8
83.8
87.3
92.8
87.5
89.8
91.4
89.9
91.6
89.7
88.8
92.2
93.4
70.3
68.5
76.0
78.2
73.9
82.7
71.6
81.6
82.9
83.9
65.6
64.2
69.0
71.5
61.5
23.4
15.3
17.2
11.6
19.2
38.2
55.1
47.7
44.2
54.1
61.2
59.4
55.9
63.1
64.3
58.0
65.6
67.3
65.3
65.5
59.4
62.1
57.9
64.0
63.2
60.1
56.6
53.3
54.2
57.2
65.7
59.6
58.1
59.5
62.1
50.5
52.1
46.5
46.0
48.3
8.7
13.0
11.3
10.1
16.0
1980................................................
1981................................................
1982................................................
(2)
(2)
(2)
94.1
89.8
91.6
94.1
92.9
92.5
88.7
88.6
91.0
72.7
77.2
78.1
80.5
83.9
86.3
62.4
69.3
68.1
21.6
21.8
21.4
48.9
52.0
43.2
62.3
61.3
60.9
66.3
66.9
68.8
68.3
70.9
67.7
55.8
58.4
58.0
60.0
65.4
66.4
49.6
48.9
46.2
17.5
12.3
11.5
(2)
(2)
DIVO R C ED
77.7
SEPARATED
1 Percent of population in the labor force. See footnote 1, table 51.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
122
Table 54. Labor force and labor force participation rates 1 of married women, spouse present, by
presence and age of own children, March,1 1948-82
Item
Total
No
chil
dren
under
18
years
Chil
dren
6 to
17
years
only
Total
chil
dren
under
6
years
Item
NUMBER IN LABOR FORCE
Total
No
chil
dren
under
18
years
Chil
dren
6 to
17
years
only
Total
chil
dren
under
6
years
LABOR FORCE P A R T IC IP A TIO N
RATE2
(thousands)
1948
1949
7,553
7,959
4,400
4,544
1,927
2,130
1,226
1,285
1948 .............................................................
1949..............................................................
22.0
22.5
28.4
28.7
26.0
27.3
10.8
11.0
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
8,550
9,086
9,222
9,763
9,923
4,946
5,016
5,042
5,130
5,096
2,205
2,400
2,492
2,749
3,019
1,399
1,670
1,688
1,884
1,808
1950............„...............................................
1951.............................................................
1952..............................................................
1953..............................................................
1954..............................................................
23.8
25.2
25.3
26.3
26.6
30.3
31.0
30.9
31.2
31.6
28.3
30.3
31.1
32.2
33.2
11.9
14.0
13.9
15.5
14.9
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
10,423
11,126
11,529
11,826
12,205
5,227
5,694
5,805
5,713
5,679
3,183
3,384
3,517
3,714
4,055
2,012
2,048
2,208
2,399
2,471
1955..............................................................
1956..............................................................
1957..............................................................
1958..............................................................
1959..............................................................
27.7
29.0
29.6
30.2
30.9
32.7
35.3
35.6
35.4
35.2
34.7
36.4
36.6
37.6
39.8
16.2
15.9
17.0
18.2
18.7
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
12,253
13,266
13,485
14,061
14,461
5,692
6,186
6,156
6,366
6,545
4,087
4,419
4,445
4,689
4,866
2,474
2,661
2,884
3,006
3,050
1960..............................................................
1961.............................................................
1962..............................................................
1963..............................................................
1964.............................................................
30.5
32.7
32.7
33.7
34.4
34.7
37.3
36.1
37.4
37.8
39.0
41.7
41.8
41.5
43.0
18.6
20.0
21.3
22.5
22.7
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
14,708
15,178
15,908
16,821
17,595
6,755
7,043
7,158
7,564
7,853
4,836
4,949
5,269
5,693
6,146
3,117
3,186
3,480
3,564
3,596
1965..............................................................
1966..............................................................
1967..............................................................
1968..............................................................
1969..............................................................
34.7
38.3
35.4
36.8
38.3
42.7
43.7
39.6
38.4
38.9
40.1
41.0
45.0
46.9
48.6
23.3
24.2
26.5
27.6
28.5
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
18,377
18,573
19,336
19,951
20,541
8,174
8,455
8,842
9,175
9,456
6,289
6,429
6,715
6,672
6,811
3,914
3,690
3,778
4,104
4,274
1970..............................................................
1971..............................................................
1972..............................................................
1973..............................................................
1974..............................................................
40.8
40.8
41.5
42.2
43.1
42.2
42.1
42.7
42.8
43.0
49.4
50.2
50.1
51.2
30.3
29.6
30.1
32.7
34.4
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
21,360 9,832
21,814 9,996
22,681 10,427
23,136 10,502
24,223 11,178
7,012
7,298
7,707
7,867
8,106
4,518
4,520
4,547
4,768
4,939
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
44.4
45.1
46.6
47.5
49.3
43.8
43.7
44.8
44.6
46.6
52.2
53.6
55.5
57.1
59.0
36.7
37.5
39.4
41.7
43.3
1980
1981
1982
24,900 11,246
25,460 11,426
25,756 11,789
8,428
8,432
8,277
5,227
5,603
5,690
1980..............................................................
1981..............................................................
1982..............................................................
50.1
51.0
51.2
46.0
61.7
62.5
63.2
45.1
47.8
48.7
1 See footnote 1, table 50.
2 Percent of civilian noninstitutional population in the civilian labor force.
123
46.3
46.2
49.2
Table 55. Number of own children under 18 years of age by type of family and labor force status of
mother, March, 1970-82
['n thousands]
Married-couple families
Total
ber of
own
chil
dren 1
Mother
in labor
force
Mother
not in
labor
force
Total
Mother
in labor
force
Mother
not in
labor
force
1970.................................................................................................
1971.................................................................................................
1972.................................................................................................
1973.................................................................................................
1974.................................................................................................
65,755
65,740
65,576
64,785
64,185
25,544
25,538
25,935
26,449
27,114
39,550
39,549
38,930
38,329
37,060
58,399
57,429
56,890
55,636
54,684
21,982
21,523
21,861
22,079
22,443
36,417
35,905
35,030
33,557
32,242
1975.................................................................................................
1976.................................................................................................
1977.................................................................................................
1978.................................................................................................
1979.................................................................................................
63,574
62,661
61,709
60,961
59,983
28,083
28,679
29,498
30,434
30,884
34,690
33,257
31,386
29,630
28,147
53,476
52,382
51,207
49,831
48,979
22,984
23,284
23,827
24,217
24,688
1980.................................................................................................
1981.................................................................................................
1982.................................................................................................
59,714
59,148
58,312
31,529
31,785
32,008
27,208
26,269
25,254
48,155
47,542
46,293
1970.................................................................................................
1971.................................................................................................
1972.................................................................................................
1973.................................................................................................
1974.................................................................................................
46,149
46,436
46,240
45,488
45,477
19,954
20,082
20,281
20,426
20,934
25,627
25,785
25,954
25,055
24,533
1975.................................................................................................
1976.................................................................................................
1977.................................................................................................
1978.................................................................................................
1979.................................................................................................
45,186
44,718
44,237
43,582
42,456
21,453
22,098
22,903
23,371
23,507
1980.................................................................................................
1981.................................................................................................
1982.................................................................................................
41,788
40,842
39,820
1970.................................................................................................
1971.................................................................................................
1972.................................................................................................
1973.................................................................................................
1974.................................................................................................
Families maintained by
women 2
Fami
lies
main
tained
by
men 2
Moth
er in
labor
force
Moth
er not
in
labor
force
6,695
7,658
7,975
8,421
8,750
3,562
4,014
4,074
4,370
4,672
3,133
3,643
3,900
4,051
4,078
661
654
711
729
751
30,493
29,098
27,381
25,615
24,294
9,296
9,554
9,678
10,233
10,052
5,099
5,394
5,671
6,217
6,198
4,196
4,159
4,004
4,015
3,853
802
726
826
898
953
24,912
25,178
25,130
23,244
22,364
21,163
10,582
10,513
10,968
6,617
6,607
6,878
3,964
3,906
4,090
978
1,094
1,050
40,779
40,085
39,628
38,598
38,204
17,035
16,834
16,983
16,922
17,189
23,444
23,251
22,646
21,676
21,015
5,102
5,781
5,986
6,253
6,619
2,919
3,248
3,298
3,504
3,744
2,183
2,534
2,687
2,749
2,875
568
569
626
637
653
23,023
21,976
20,616
19,451
18,250
37,522
36,784
36,116
34,999
34,141
17,453
17,784
18,275
18,369
18,605
20,070
19,000
17,841
16,628
15,536
6,953
7,289
7,401
7,822
7,616
3,999
4,314
4,627
5,000
4,901
2,954
2,976
2,775
2,823
2,714
711
644
718
759
789
23,826
23,569
23,534
17,168
16,398
15,466
33,032
32,111
30,908
18,525
18,307
18,130
14,507
13,804
12,778
7,961
7,857
8,093
5,300
5,262
5,405
2,661
2,595
2,688
794
875
819
19,606
19,304
19,337
19,298
18,709
5,590
5,456
5,654
6,023
6,180
13,923
13,764
13,682
13,274
12,527
17,920
,17,343
17,262
17,038
16,481
4,947
4,689
4,878
5,157
5,253
12,973
12,654
12,384
11,881
11,228
1,593
1,876
1,989
2,167
2,130
643
767
776
866
927
950
1,110
1,213
1,302
1,203
93
84
86
92
98
1975.................................................................................................
1976.................................................................................................
1977.................................................................................................
1978.................................................................................................
1979.................................................................................................
18,389
17,944
17,473
17,380
17,439
6,630
6,581
6,596
7,063
7,378
11,667
11,281
10,770
10,179
9,896
15,954
15,598
15,091
14,833
14,839
5,531
5,500
5,551
5,846
6,082
10,424
10,098
9,540
8,987
8,758
2,343
2,264
2,276
2,409
2,435
1,099
1,081
1,045
1,217
1,296
1,243
1,183
1,231
1,193
1,139
92
82
107
138
165
1980.................................................................................................
1981.................................................................................................
1982.................................................................................................
17,927
18,306
18,492
7,703
8,216
8,473
10,040
9,871
9,787
15,123
15,431
15,385
6,386
6,871
7,000
8,737
8,560
8,385
2,620
2,656
2,876
1,317
1,345
1,473
1,303
1,311
1,402
184
219
232
Age of children and year
Total
W ITH CH ILD R EN UNDER 18 YEARS OF AGE
W ITH CHILD R EN 6 T O 17 YEARS OF AGE
W ITH C H ILD R EN UNDER 6 YEARS OF AGE
1 Refers to “own” children of the husband, wife, or householder and in
cludes sons and daughters, step children, and adopted children. Excluded
are other related children such as grandchildren, nieces, nephews, cousins,
124
and unrelated children.
2 Families maintained by widowed, divorced, separated, or single per
sons.
Table 56. Employment status of women who maintain families: March, 1960-82
[Number in thousands]
Civilian labor force
Civilian
noninstitutional
population
Number
1960......................................................
1961 ......................................................
1962.....................................................
1963 .....................................................
1964.....................................................
4,494
4,609
4,643
4,741
4,882
1965.....................................................
1966.....................................................
1967.....................................................
1968 .....................................................
1969.....................................................
Year
Unemployed
Percent of
population
Employed
2,243
2,387
2,359
2,465
2,427
49.9
51.8
50.8
52.0
49.7
5,006
4,992
5,166
5,329
5,438
2,548
2,572
2,717
2,734
2,804
1970......................................................
1971 ......................................................
1972......................................................
1973......................................................
1974......................................................
5,573
5,968
6,219
6,653
6,868
1975......................................................
1976.....................................................
1977.....................................................
1978......................................................
1979......................................................
1980......................................................
1981 ......................................................
1982......................................................
Percent of
labor force
2,107
2,216
2,212
2,298
2,276
136
171
147
167
151
6.1
7.2
6.2
6.8
6.2
2,251
2,222
2,284
2,276
2,455
50.9
51.5
52.6
51.3
51.6
2,417
2,444
2,596
2,568
2,691
131
128
121
136
113
5.1
5.0
4.5
5.0
4.0
2,458
2,420
2,449
2,595
2,634
2,950
3,229
3,309
3,542
3,722
52.9
54.1
53.2
53.2
54.2
2,785
2,998
3,079
3,300
3,478
165
231
230
242
244
5.6
7.2
7.0
6.8
6.6
2,623
2,739
2,910
3,110
3,146
7,326
7,587
7,836
8,371
8,616
3,987
4,233
4,380
4,938
5,129
54.4
55.8
55.9
59.0
59.5
3,584
3,811
3,921
4,484
4,686
403
423
460
455
444
10.1
10.0
10.5
9.2
8.7
3,339
3,354
3,456
3,433
3,486
9,009
9,415
9,712
5,377
5,742
5,896
59.7
61.0
60.7
4,892
5,174
5,242
486
568
654
9.0
9.9
11.1
3,632
3,673
3,816
N o t e : Data refer to widowed, divorced, separated, or single women.
Not in labor
force
Number
125
Table 57. Employment status of husbands by employment status of other family members,1 March,
1959-82
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status of husband and
other family members
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
34,625
100.0
35,041
100.0
35,453
100.0
35,713
100.0
36,079
100.0
36,286
100.0
36,545
100.0
36,763
100.0
37,060
100.0
37,668
100.0
38,144
100.0
38,639
100.0
43.3
26.1
6.1
11.2
40.1
43.0
25.8
6.2
11.1
40.1
45.0
27.6
6.6
10.8
41.2
45.0
28.1
6.5
10.4
42.0
46.5
28.7
6.9
10.8
43.3
47.6
28.8
7.6
11.1
44.3
47.4
29.6
7.3
10.5
44.6
48.7
29.8
8.2
10.7
46.2
50.4
30.7
8.8
10.9
47.9
50.7
32.6
8.3
9.8
48.5
51.8
33.4
8.9
9.4
49.8
53.1
34.5
9.3
9.3
50.7
3.2
2.9
3.8
3.0
3.2
3.3
2.9
2.4
2.5
2.1
1.9
2.5
56.7
57.0
55.0
55.0
53.5
1 2.4
52.6
51.3
49.6
49.3
48.2
46.9
33,149
100.0
33,579
100.0
33,428
100.0
34,185
100.0
34,595
100.0
35,052
100.0
35,512
100.0
35,918
100.0
36,305
100.0
36,945
100.0
37,523
100.0
37,667
100.0
43.1
25.8
6.0
11.3
40.1
42.7
25.5
6.1
11.2
40.0
44.6
27.3
6.6
10.8
41.2
44.7
27.8
6.4
10.5
41.9
46.2
28.6
6.9
10.8
43.2
47.3
28.6
7.6
11.2
44.3
47.2
29.4
7.3
10.5
44.5
48.6
29.7
8.1
10.8
46.3
50.3
30.5
8.8
10.9
47.9
50.6
32.5
8.3
9.8
48.6
51.8
33.4
8.9
9.5
49.9
53.1
34.3
9.3
9.4
50.7
2.9
2.7
3.5
2.8
3.0
3.1
2.7
2.3
2.4
2.0
1.9
2.4
56.9
57.3
55.4
55.3
53.8
52.7
52.8
51.4
49.7
49.4
48.2
46.9
1,477
1,462
2,025
1,528
1,484
1,234
1,033
847
755
723
621
972
4.3
100.0
4.2
100.0
5.7
100.0
4.3
100.0
4.1
100.0
3.4
100.0
2.8
100.0
2.3
100.0
2.0
100.0
1.9
100.0
1.6
100.0
2.5
100.0
49.0
32:6
7.1
9.3
40.8
49.7
32.1
8.0
9.6
41.7
51.4
34.1
6.5
10.8
41.5
50.9
34.1
8.6
8.3
42.6
53.2
32.3
9.0
11.9
45.7
54.4
36.6
7.7
10.1
44.4
54.6
36.7
7.8
10.3
47.5
50.1
31.9
10.4
7.8
42.9
56.3
36.7
9.1
10.5
48.2
51.7
36.9
7.3
7.5
43.9
51.7
36.2
8.3
7.2
45.4
56.1
41.8
7.6
6.7
50.8
8.2
7.9
9.9
8.3
7.5
10.0
7.2
7.2
8.1
7.7
6.2
5.4
51.0
50.3
48.6
49.0
46.8
45.6
45.4
49.9
43.7
48.3
48.3
43.9
H U SBAND IN LABOR FO RCE 2
Total:
Number.....
Percent.....
Wife or other member in labor force.....
Wife only...
Wife and other member..................
Other member only.........................
Wife or other member employed 3..
Wife or other member unemployed (none employed).....................
Neither wife nor other member in labor force...............................................
HUSBAND EMPLOYED 2
Total:
Number....
Percent....
Wife or other member in labor force.....
Wife only..
Wife and other member..................
Other member only.........................
Wife or other member employed 3..
Wife or other member unemployed (none employed)..............
Neither wife nor other member in labor force.................................................
HUSBAND U NEM PLOYED
Total:
Number.............................................
As percent of husbands in labor
force.....
Percent....
Wife or other member in labor force.....
Wife only..
Wife and other member..................
Other member only.........................
Wife or other member employed 3..
Wife or other member unemployed (none employed)..............
Neither wife nor other member in labor force...............................................
See footnotes at end of table.
126
Table 57. Employment status of husbands by employment status of other family members,1 March,
1959-82—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status of husband and
other family members
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
38,567
100.0
39,258
100.0
39,510
100.0
39,595
100.0
39,527
100.0
39,451
100.0
39,589
100.0
39,390
100.0
39,607
100.0
39,907
100.0
39,826
100.0
39,643
100.0
53.5
34.7
9.9
9.6
50.3
54.6
35.1
9.9
9.6
51.6
55.7
36.0
9.8
9.9
53.0
57.2
37.4
9.9
9.8
54.3
58.2
39.1
9.9
9.2
53.2
58.9
39.3
10.7
8.9
54.8
61.1
40.9
11.1
9.1
56.8
62.3
41.7
11.7
8.8
58.9
64.0
43.7
11.8
8.5
60.7
65.0
44.8
12.2
8.1
61.6
66.3
45.9
12.2
8.1
62.2
66.7
46.9
12.2
7.6
61.6
3.2
3.0
2.7
2.9
5.1
4.1
4.3
3.4
3.4
3.4
4.1
5.1
46.5
45.4
44.3
42.8
41.8
41.1
38.9
37.7
35.9
35.0
33.7
33.3
37,215
100.0
37,992
100.0
38,453
100.0
38,527
100.0
37,235
100.0
37,553
100.0
37,905
100.0
38,034
100.0
38,389
100.0
38,367
100.0
37,966
100.0
37,221
100.0
53.4
34.5
9.1
9.8
50.4
54.5
34.9
9.9
9.7
51.7
55.7
35.9
9.9
9.9
53.1
57.2
37.4
9.9
9.9
54.5
58.0
38.8
10.0
9.2
53.5
58.9
39.1
10.8
9.0
55.0
61.2
40.8
11.2
9.2
57.2
62.3
41.6
11.9
8.8
59.1
64.2
43.7
11.9
8.6
60.9
65.1
44.8
12.2
8.2
62.0
66.2
45.8
12.3
8.2
62.4
66.5
46.6
12.3
7.6
62.0
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.7
4.5
3.8
4.0
3.2
3.2
3.2
3.8
4.5
46.6
45.5
44.3
42.8
42.0
41.1
38.8
37.7
35.8
34.9
33.8
33.5
1,352
1,265
1,058
1,069
2,293
1,898
1,684
1,358
1,219
1,540
1,860
2,422
3.5
100.0
3.2
100.0
2.7
100.0
2.7
100.0
5.8
100.0
4.8
100.0
4.3
100.0
3.5
100.0
3.1
100.0
3.9
100.0
4.7
100.0
6.1
100.0
57.2
41.2
10.5
5.5
49.1
56.4
40.6
7.5
8.3
47.7
55.6
40.6
7.8
7.1
48.7
56.7
39.3
8.5
8.9
48.5
61.2
44.6
8.6
8.1
47.5
60.6
44.6
9.1
6.9
50.8
58.7
41.9
9.4
7.3
49.3
62.2
45.8
8.6
7.8
53.4
60.3
44.2
10.5
5.8
51.6
62.6
45.2
11.1
6.2
53.2
66.7
49.4
10.5
6.9
56.7
69.2
51.7
10.6
6.8
54.3
8.1
8.7
6.8
8.2
13.7
9.8
9.4
8.8
8.6
9.4
10.1
14.7
42.8
43.6
44.4
43.3
38.8
39.3
41.3
37.8
39.7
37.4
33.2
30.8
HUSBAND IN LABOR FO RCE 2
Total:
Number.............................................
Percent.............................................
Wife or other member in labor force.....
Wife only..........................................
Wife and other member..................
Other member only.........................
Wife or other member employed 3..
Wife or other member unemployed (none employed)....................
Neither wife nor other member in
labor force...........................................
HUSBAND EM PLOYED 2
Total:
Number.............................................
Percent.............................................
Wife or other member in labor force.....
Wife only..........................................
Wife and other member..................
Other member only.........................
Wife or other member employed 3..
Wife or other member unemployed (none employed)......
Neither wife nor other member in
labor force............................................
H U SBAND U NEM PLOYED
Total:
Number.............................................
As percent of husbands in labor
force..............................................
Percent.............................................
Wife or other member in labor force.....
Wife only..........................................
Wife and other member.................
Other member only.........................
Wife or other member employed 3..
Wife or other member unemployed (none employed)...................
Neither wife nor other member in
labor force...........................................
1 The number of men in husband-wife families shown here is smaller than
the number shown as married with spouse present in other tables because
it excludes married couples living in households where a relative is the
householder.
2 Includes members of the Armed Forces living off post or with their fami
lies on post.
3 This category may also include a wife or other member who is unem
ployed.
127
Table 58. Number of earners in families by relationship, type of families, and median family income,
1967-81
Number of earners and relationship
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
Number of families (in thousands)
M A R R IED -C O U PLE FA M ILIES
Total..................................................................................
43,292
43,842
44,436
44,832
45,939
46,594
47,185
No earners................................................................
One earner...............................................................
Husband............................................................
Wife....................................................................
Other family member........................................
2,943
16,490
15,429
716
345
2,888
16,375
15,310
730
335
3,022
16,268
15,133
797
339
3,252
16,117
14,931
867
320
3,471
16,847
15,502
1,004
340
3,632
16,787
15,387
1,003
398
4,027
16,080
14,547
1,110
423
Two earners.............................................................
Husband and wife.............................................
Husband and other family member................
Husband is not earner......................................
17,419
13,893
3,268
258
18,022
14,677
3,116
228
18,267
15,007
3,043
218
18,592
15,265
3,085
242
18,805
15,467
3,108
231
19,413
16,206
2,969
238
20,051
16,776
2,998
277
Three or more earners.............................................
Husband and wife.............................................
\ |Husband an earner, not wife...........................
Husband is not an earner................................
6,439
4,994
1,371
74
6,557
5,066
1,406
86
6,878
5,320
1,474
84
6,872
5,245
1,537
90
6,816
5,174
1,543
100
6,762
5,073
1,584
105
7,027
5,376
1,537
115
Maintained by women 1............................................
No earners........................................................
One earner........................................................
Householder...............................................
Other family member................................
5,333
1,074
2,304
1,476
828
5,439
1,130
2,441
1,605
836
5,580
1,195
2,471
1,698
773
5,968
1,326
2,648
1,919
729
6,226
1,511
2,707
1,917
790
6,660
1,649
3,002
2,149
853
6,874
1,701
3,074
2,254
821
Two or more earners........................................
Householder and other family member(s) .....................................................
Householder is not an earner..................
1,424
1,869
1,913
1,993
2,008
2,008
2,098
1,200
225
1,612
256
1,635
278
1,714
278
1,747
261
1,710
298
1,823
276
Maintained by men 1................................................
No earners........................................................
One earner........................................................
Householder...............................................
Other family member................................
1,210
129
512
395
117
1,229
128
494
378
117
1,221
119
512
390
122
1,261
132
530
414
115
1,358
156
635
482
153
1,461
159
624
494
130
1,449
128
619
476
143
Two or more earners........................................
Householder and other family member(s) ....................................................
Householder is not an earner..................
See footnotes at end of table.
568
607
589
600
567
677
701
535
33
575
32
555
34
555
45
515
52
631
46
658
4?
OTHER FA M ILIES
128
Table 58. Number of earners in families by relationship, type of families, and median family income,
1967-81—Continued
Number of earners and relationship
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
Median family income (in dollars)
M A R R IED -C O U PLE FA M ILIES
Total..................................................................................
$8,441
$9,143
$10,001
$10,508
$10,975
$11,879
$12,998
No earners................................................................
One earner...............................................................
Husband............................................................
Wife....................................................................
Other family member........................................
2,648
7,431
7,579
4,555
6,160
3,127
7,902
8,058
5,179
7,189
3,369
8,637
8,805
5,694
7,341
3,611
8,937
9,151
5,858
7,456
4,070
9,437
9,632
6,451
7,941
4,445
10,303
10,581
6,861
8,943
4,840
11,211
11,493
7,574
10,370
Two earners.............................................................
Husband and wife.............................................
Husband and other family member.................
Husband is not an earner................................
9,229
9,083
10,033
7,238
9,960
9,861
10,623
7,841
10,831
10,662
11,986
8,680
11,440
11,260
12,651
9,610
12,026
11,856
13,257
9,148
13,022
12,839
14,282
10,409
14,110
13,926
15,751
11,309
Three or more earners.............................................
Husband and wife.............................................
Husband an earner, not wife...........................
Husband is not an earner................................
12,056
12,113
12,054
(2)
13,090
13,142
13,172
9,083
14,396
14,366
14,638
11,954
15,529
15,458
16,186
10,974
16,423
16,550
16,313
12,450
18,369
18,435
18,432
13,701
19,643
19,693
19,768
14,044
Maintained by women 1............................................
No earners.........................................................
One earner.........................................................
Householder...............................................
Other family member................................
4,294
2,025
4,086
3,819
4,667
4,477
2,191
4,350
4,001
5,005
4,821
2,352
4,631
4,310
5,594
5,088
2,586
4,958
4,725
5,632
5,102
2,601
5,153
4,954
5,731
5,325
2,847
5,357
5,095
6,226
5,774
3,176
5,740
5,407
6,655
Two or more earners........................................
Householder and other family memb e r(s)...................................................
Householder is not an earner...................
6,617
7,187
7,840
8,334
8,412
9,444
9,739
6,533
7,313
7,210
7,025
7,764
8,727
8,276
8,987
8,436
8,175
9,377
9,906
9,885
8,710
Maintained by men 1.................................................
No earners.........................................................
One earner.........................................................
Householder...............................................
Other family member................................
6,813
1,980
6,159
6,317
5,600
7,321
2,376
6,821
6,891
6,489
8,340
2,595
7,675
7,959
7,146
9,004
2,991
8,202
8,336
7,883
8,709
3,455
8,166
8,550
7,070
10,285
3,490
9,367
9,581
8,477
10,714
3,718
9,357
9,974
7,265
Two or more earners........................................
Householder and other family memb e r(s)....................................................
Householder is not an earner..................
See footnotes at end of table.
8,894
9,284
10,718
10,771
10,872
12,315
12,583
9,165
(")
9,321
(2)
10,671
V
10,757
n
10,883
(2)
12,335
(2)
12,593
(2)
OTHER FA M ILIES
129
)
Table 58. Number of earners in families by relationship, type of families, and median family income,
1967-81 —Continued
Number of earners and relationship
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
Number of families (in thousands)
M A R RIED-CO UPLE FA M ILIES
Total................................................................................
47,438
47,878
48,150
48,131
48,532
49,132
49,316
49,669
No earners................................................................
One earner...............................................................
Husband............................................................
Wife....................................................................
Other family member........................................
4,325
15,795
14,122
1,216
457
4,943
16,217
14,343
1,394
481
4,962
15,630
13,690
1,424
516
5,177
15,119
13,153
1,456
512
5,226
14,456
12,434
1,509
513
5,559
13,912
11,934
1,499
480
5,903
13,900
11,621
1,707
573
6,213
13,832
11,524
1,680
628
Two earners.............................................................
Husband and wife.............................................
Husband and other family member................
Husband is not an earner................................
20,108
16,915
2,889
306
20,239
17,204
2,652
383
20,854
17,758
2,623
473
20,999
17,950
2,641
407
21,946
19,063
2,434
450
22,359
19,645
2,287
428
22,446
19,742
2,285
419
22,613
19,960
2,141
512
Three or more earners.............................................
Husband and wife.............................................
Husband an earner, not wife...........................
Husband is not an earner................................
7,211
5,536
1,553
123
6,478
5,134
1,209
137
6,705
5,346
1,206
154
6,836
5,524
1,171
141
6,904
5,592
1,175
138
7,301
5,950
1,189
163
7,067
5,815
1,095
157
7,011
5,769
1,071
172
Maintained by women 1...........................................
No earners........................................................
One earner........................................................
Householder...............................................
Other family member................................
7,330
1,788
3,361
2,500
861
7,587
2,007
3,597
2,713
883
7,836
2,097
3,584
2,731
852
8,376
2,129
3,950
3,064
886
8,616
2,003
4,205
3,266
939
9,009
2,084
4,391
3,455
936
9,416
2,216
4,612
3,620
992
9,712
2,385
4,680
3,644
1,036
Two or more earners........................................
Householder and other family member(s) ...................................................
Householder is not an earner..................
2,182
1,984
2,155
2,297
2,408
2,534
2,589
2,648
1,898
284
1,732
250
1,885
270
2,016
281
2,138
270
2,246
288
2,269
320
2,386
262
Maintained by men 1................................................
No earners........................................................
One earner........................................................
Householder...............................................
Other family member................................
1,513
163
641
510
132
1,460
176
696
522
174
1,519
208
696
549
147
1,616
202
715
575
141
1,679
194
755
600
155
1,769
225
788
634
154
1,969
244
891
726
165
2,009
258
906
730
170
Two or more earners........................................
Householder and other family member(s) ...................................................
Householder is not an earner..................
See footnotes at end of table.
708
588
613
698
728
755
835
845
677
31
550
582
31
664
685
710
792
801
34
44
45
43
44
O THER FAM ILIES
38
130
Table 58. Number of earners in families by relationship, type of families, and median family income,
1967-81—Continued
Number of earners and relationship
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
Median family income (in dollars)
M A R R IED -C O U PLE FA M ILIES
Total..................................................................................
$13,809
$14,819
$16,297
$17,659
$19,342
$21,545
$23,263
$25,065
No earners................................................................
One earner...............................................................
Husband............................................................
Wife....................................................................
Other family member........................................
5,530
11,943
12,346
8,238
11,859
5,921
12,689
13,117
8,752
11,317
6,585
13,816
14,409
9,312
12,153
6,953
15,012
15,777
10,467
12,193
7,870
16,581
17,431
11,168
13,221
8,855
18,073
18,850
12,527
17,072
10,187
19,368
20,472
13,612
16,148
11,295
20,641
21,702
15,245
18,851
Two earners.............................................................
Husband and wife.............................................
Husband and other family member................
Husband is not an earner................................
15,095
14,859
17,323
11,651
16,583
16,596
18,428
14,591
17,919
17,702
20,616
13,351
19,373
19,111
22,203
15,416
21,179
20,928
24,021
18,002
23,474
23,308
26,361
18,957
25,684
25,466
28,462
21,142
28,095
27,969
30,936
21,157
Three of more earners.............................................
Husband and wife.............................................
Husband an earner, not wife...........................
Husband is not an earner................................
20,962
21,030
20,980
15,044
22,563
22,544
23,504
15,229
24,527
24,515
25,445
20,102
27,097
26,914
28,589
20,166
30,055
29,946
31,067
26,894
32,958
32,811
34,725
24,964
36,152
36,147
37,734
27,951
39,333
39,345
41,378
27,073
Maintained by women 1...........................................
No earners........................................................
One earner........................................................
Householder...............................................
Other family member................................
6,386
3,355
6,299
5,929
7,692
6,812
3,575
7,061
6,797
8,054
7,173
3,779
7,475
7,238
8,458
7,722
3,892
7,934
7,671
8,786
8,488
4,065
8,287
8,022
9,392
9,719
4,245
9,513
9,181
11,157
10,233
4,494
10,350
10,117
11,586
10,802
4,757
10,988
10,766
11,867
Two or more earners........................................
Householder and other family member(s) ...................................................
Householder is not an earner..................
10,460
12,196
12,371
13,672
15,622
16,937
18,673
19,884
10,479
10,381
12,169
12,306
12,260
13,638
13,615
14,353
15,611
15,721
16,889
17,316
18,712
18,270
19,703
23,040
Maintained by men 1................................................
No earners........................................................
One earner........................................................
Householder...............................................
Other family member................................
11,702
3,989
10,762
10,902
9,917
12,955
4,876
11,967
12,460
10,109
12,813
5,720
11,888
12,241
10,581
14,484
5,583
13,054
13,770
9,798
15,960
6,149
13,704
13,935
13,018
16,533
7,241
14,347
14,436
14,089
17,743
7,790
15,577
16,066
13,822
19,771
8,737
18,729
19,910
14,584
Two or more earners........................................
Householder and other family memb e r(s)...................................................
Householder is not an earner..................
15,007
16,517
16,669
18,614
21,952
22,936
23,785
25,283
14,996
(12 )
16,717
(2 )
16,704
(2 )
18,541
(2 )
22,136
(2 )
23,001
(2 )
23,928
<2 )
25,349
(2 )
OTHER FA M ILIES
1 Families maintained by widowed, divorced, separated, or single persons.
2 Data not shown where base is less than 75,000.
N o t e : Data on number and type of families are collected in March of the
subsequent year. Income and earner status refer to the preceding calendar
year.
131
Table 59. Workweek of full-time nonfarm wage and salary workers by usual number of days and
hours worked, May, 1973-80
(In thousands)
Days and hours worked
1973 1
1974 1
1975 1
1976 1
1977 1
1978
1979
1980
Total, 16 years and over.......................
58,484
59,187
57,507
59,392
61,596
63,726
67,513
66,954
Fewer than 5 days.........................
35-39 hours............................
40 hours...................................
41-48 hours............................
49-59 hours............................
60 hours or more....................
974
280
422
128
80
65
1,096
334
466
126
95
76
1,234
396
546
129
97
67
1,242
377
563
128
88
87
1,382
406
619
144
113
99
1,383
439
605
178
75
85
1,490
405
693
169
127
97
1,809
453
981
193
93
89
5 days..............................................
35-39 hours............................
40 hours...................................
41-48 hours............................
49-59 hours............................
60 hours or more.....................
47,579
4,592
37,016
3,294
2,205
472
48,807
4,430
38,263
3,282
2,343
490
48,277
4,707
37,708
3,119
2,190
553
49,646
4,865
38,706
3,251
2,333
491
51,070
4,935
39,571
3,573
2,389
602
52,891
4,887
40,939
3,689
2,710
665
56,393
5,155
43,611
4,062
2,875
690
57,031
5,326
44,362
3,955
2,728
660
5 1/2 days.......................................
35-39 hours............................
40 hours...................................
41-48 hours............................
49-59 hours............................
60 hours or more.....................
2,757
64
357
1,183
923
231
2,548
68
327
1,145
793
215
2,265
57
339
923
746
200
2,300
75
327
1,021
689
188
2,292
60
350
927
748
206
2,470
63
374
964
860
208
2,371
53
424
892
799
203
2,082
41
432
733
692
183
6 days..............................................
35-39 hours............................
40 hours...................................
41-48 hours............................
49-59 hours............................
60 hours or more.....................
6,141
264
752
2,407
1,462
1,256
5,703
230
701
2,136
1,435
1,201
4,760
249
700
1,545
1,128
1,138
5,191
276
661
1,836
1,340
1,079
5,707
294
740
1,997
1,541
1,135
5,767
334
805
1,950
1,406
1,272
5,995
276
885
1,895
1,582
1,357
4,903
245
887
1,430
1,276
1,066
7 days..............................................
35-39 hours............................
40 hours...................................
41-48 hours............................
49-59 hours............................
60 hours or more.....................
1,033
36
113
94
272
518
1,033
28
112
68
328
499
971
33
129
82
273
454
1,013
36
146
99
288
444
1,146
36
169
90
345
505
1,215
38
173
80
296
628
1,265
31
187
94
340
613
1,130
33
151
70
293
583
1 Excludes private household workers for the years 1973-77.
Note: Due to the absence of 1980 census population controls, data in
tables 59 through 62 have not been adjusted back to 1973.
132
Table 60. Number and percent of full-time nonfarm wage and salary workers by shift, sex, and race,
May, 1973-80
Percent distribution
Number (thousands)
Sex, race, and year
Shift workers
Total
Day
Shift workers
Total
Total
Eve
ning
Night
Miscel
laneous
Day
Total
Eve
ning
Night
Miscel
laneous
TO TA L
1973.........................................................................
1974.........................................................................
55,842
55,995
46,566
47,245
9,276
8,750
4,167
4,516
1,782
1,875
3,327
2,359
100.0
100.0
83.4
84.4
16.6
15.6
7.5
8.1
3.2
3.3
6.0
4.2
1975.........................................................................
1976.........................................................................
1977.........................................................................
1978.........................................................................
1979.........................................................................
1980.........................................................................
54,568
56,432
58,975
60,550
64,010
63,914
46,030 8,537
47,496 8,937
49,382 9,592
50,740 9,810
53,746 10,264
54,170 9,744
4,307
4,569
4,871
4,918
5,168
4,954
1,761
1,833
2,021
2,086
2,200
2,026
2,469
2,535
2,700
2,806
2,896
2,764
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
84.4
84.2
83.7
83.8
84.0
84.8
15.6
15.8
16.3
16.1
16.0
15.2
7.9
8.1
8.3
8.1
8.1
7.8
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.2
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.6
4.5
4.3
1973.........................................................................
1974.........................................................................
36,432
36,435
29,631
30,042
6,801
6,393
2,935
3,152
1,343
1,401
2,523
1,840
65.2
65.1
53.1
53.6
12.2
11.4
5.3
5.6
2.4
2.5
4.5
3.3
1975.........................................................................
1976.........................................................................
1977.........................................................................
1978.........................................................................
1979.........................................................................
1980.........................................................................
35,257
35,992
37,388
38,273
40,096
39,153
29,084
29,521
30,536
31,266
32,817
32,466
6,172
6,470
6,852
7,006
7,279
6,687
3,018
3,197
3,270
3,352
3,585
3,245
1,300
1,365
1,507
1,519
1,577
1,417
1,854
1,908
2,075
2,135
2,117
2,025
64.6
63.8
63.4
63.2
62.6
61.3
53.3
52.3
51.8
51.6
51.3
50.8
11.3
11.5
11.6
11.5
11.4
10.5
5.5
5.7
5.5
5.5
5.6
5.1
2.4
2.4
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.2
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.2
19,409
19,560
16,935
17,204
2,474
2,356
1,231
1,363
439
474
804
519
34.8
34.9
30.3
30.7
4.4
4.1
2.2
2.4
.8
.8
1.4
.7
1975......................................................................... 19,311
1976......................................................................... 20,440
1977......................................................................... 21,587
1978......................................................................... 22,277
1979......................................................................... 23,911
1980......................................................................... 24,760
16,946
17,975
18,846
19,474
20,929
21,704
2,365
2,465
2,741
2,804
2,982
3,056
1,288
1,371
1,601
1,566
1,582
1,709
462
468
515
567
622
609
615
626
625
671
778
738
35.4
36.2
36.6
36.8
37.4
38.7
31.1
31.9
32.0
32.2
32.7
34.0
4.3
4.3
4.7
4.6
4.7
4.8
2.4
2.4
2.7
2.6
2.5
2.7
.8
.8
.9
.9
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
Men
W om en
1973.........................................................................
1974.........................................................................
W HITE
1973.........................................................................
1974.........................................................................
49,731
49,678
41,713
42,163
8,018
7,515
3,540
3,785
1,491
1,590
2,987
2,140
100.0
100.0
83.9
84.9
16.1
15.1
7.1
7.6
3.0
3.2
6.0
4.3
1975.........................................................................
1976.........................................................................
1977.........................................................................
1978.........................................................................
1979.........................................................................
1980.........................................................................
48,612
50,133
52,310
53,555
56,328
56,376
41,254
42,488
44,051
45,140
47,509
48,036
7,358
7,644
8,260
8,416
8,819
8,340
3,610
3,790
4,101
4,113
4,331
4,115
1,500
1,528
1,671
1,762
1,849
1,713
2,248
2,326
2,488
2,541
2,639
2,512
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
84.9
84.8
84.2
84.3
84.3
85.2
15.1
15.2
15.8
15.7
15.7
14.8
7.4
7.6
7.8
7.7
7.7
7.3
3.1
3.0
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.0
4.6
4.6
4.8
4.7
4.7
4.5
1973.........................................................................
1974.........................................................................
32,827
32,735
26,840
27,151
5,987
5,583
2,529
2,675
1,157
1,209
2,301
1,699
66.0
65.9
54.0
54.7
12.0
11.2
5.1
5.4
2.3
2.4
4.6
3.4
1975.........................................................................
1976.........................................................................
1977.........................................................................
1978.........................................................................
1979.........................................................................
1980.........................................................................
31,818
32,387
33,674
34,380
35,844
35,155
26,415
26,755
27,648
28,221
29,467
29,277
5,403
5,631
6,026
6,159
6,377
5,878
2,554
2,687
2,819
2,870
3,077
2,772
1,131
1,169
1,285
1,324
1,357
1,238
1,718
1,775
1,922
1,965
1,943
1,868
65.5
64.6
64.4
64.2
63.6
62.4
54.3
53.4
52.9
52.7
52.3
51.9
11.1
11.2
11.6
11.6
11.3
10.4
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.5
4.9
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.2
3.5
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.4
3.3
1973.........................................................................
1974.........................................................................
16,904
16,943
14,873
15,012
2,031
1,932
1,011
1,110
334
381
686
441
34.0
34.1
29.9
30.2
4.1
3.9
2.0
2.2
.7
.8
1.4
.9
1975.........................................................................
1976.........................................................................
1977.........................................................................
1978.........................................................................
1979.........................................................................
1980.........................................................................
16,795
17,746
18,636
19,175
20,484
21,219
14,839
15,733
16,403
16,919
18,042
18,759
1,955
2,013
2,233
2,257
2,442
2,460
1,056
1,103
1,282
1,243
1,254
1,342
369
359
385
438
492
474
530
551
566
576
696
644
34.5
35.4
35.6
35.8
36.4
37.6
30.5
31.4
31.4
31.6
32.0
33.3
4.1
4.0
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.4
2.2
2.2
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.4
.8
.7
.7
.8
.9
.8
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.1
Men
W om en
1 33
Table 60. Number and percent of full-time nonfarm wage and salary workers by shift, sex, and race,
May, 1973-80—Continued
Percent distribution
Number (thousands)
Sex, race, and year
Shift workers
Total
Day
Shift workers
Total
Total
Eve
ning
Night
Miscel
laneous
Day
Total
Eve
ning
Night
Miscel
laneous
BLACK 1
1973.........................................................................
1974................................................
5,410
5,550
4,259
4,449
1,150
1,102
576
638
273
271
301
193
100.0
100.0
78.7
80.2
21.3
19.9
10.7
11.5
5.0
4.9
5.6
3.5
1975.........................................................................
1976.........................................................................
1977.........................................................................
1978.........................................................................
1979.........................................................................
1980.........................................................................
5,170
5,400
5,741
5,983
6,525
6,369
4,131
4,262
4,561
4,766
5,250
5,171
1,038
1,137
1,181
1,217
1,275
1,198
622
678
669
701
743
720
250
272
327
296
321
269
166
187
185
220
211
209
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
79.9
78.9
79.4
79.7
80.5
81.2
20.0
21.1
20.6
20.3
19.5
18.8
12.0
12.6
11.7
11.7
11.4
11.3
4.8
5.0
5.7
4.9
4.9
4.2
3.2
3.5
3.2
3.7
3.2
3.3
1973........................................................................
1974.........................................................................
3,192
3,231
2,455
2,515
737
716
365
415
177
181
195
120
59.0
58.2
45.4
45.3
13.6
13.0
6.7
7.5
3.3
3.3
3.6
2.2
1975.........................................................................
1976.........................................................................
1977.........................................................................
1978.........................................................................
1979.........................................................................
1980.........................................................................
2,969
3,067
3,181
3,317
3,622
3,377
2,285
2,331
2,436
2,573
2,813
2,675
684
736
745
745
809
702
423
442
398
427
461
413
161
179
214
183
204
160
100
115
133
135
144
129
57.4
56.8
55.4
55.4
55.5
53.0
44.2
43.2
42.4
43.0
43.1
42.0
13.2
13.6
12.9
12.5
12.4
11.0
8.2
8.2
6.9
7.1
7.1
6.5
3.1
3.3
3.7
3.1
3.1
2.5
1.9
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.2
2.0
1973.........................................................................
1974.........................................................................
2,218
2,319
1,804
1,934
415
385
212
222
97
90
106
73
41.0
41.8
33.3
34.9
7.7
6.9
3.9
4.0
1.8
1.6
2.0
1.3
1975.........................................................................
1976.........................................................................
1977.........................................................................
1978.........................................................................
1979.........................................................................
1980.........................................................................
2,201
2,333
2,561
2,665
2,902
2,991
1,846
1,932
2,125
2,193
2,436
2,496
354
401
436
473
466
495
199
236
271
274
282
307
89
93
113
113
117
109
66
72
52
86
67
79
42.6
43.2
44.6
44.6
44.5
47.0
35.7
35.8
37.0
36.7
37.3
39.2
6.8
7.4
7.6
7.9
7.1
7.8
3.8
4.4
4.7
4.6
4.3
4.8
1.7
1.7
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.3
1.3
.9
1.4
1.0
1.2
Men
W om en
1 Data refer to black workers only.
134
Table 61. Percent of full-time wage and salary workers who worked long hours and received
premium pay by occupation and industry, May, 1973-80
Received premium pay
Worked 41 hours or more
Occupation and industry
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
White-collar workers...............................
Professional and technical..............
Managers and administrators, except farm......................................
Sales workers..................................
Clerical workers...............................
28.6
29.7
27.9
29.8
26.4
27.0
25.9
26.0
27.5
28.1
28.0
29.2
26.5
26.8
24.2
24.0
21.9
16.6
23.2
18.9
20.8
16.7
21.2
16.4
23.0
18.8
24.4
20.2
23.9
21.0
23.6
21.4
47.7
40.0
13.2
46.1
35.3
13.2
45.2
36.9
11.5
44.8
35.1
12.0
45.5
37.1
13.2
44.9
36.6
14.2
44.3
34.5
12.6
41.4
31.6
11.8
12.8
13.2
59.0
12.7
14.7
60.1
11.6
14.5
57.5
11.3
15.3
56.9
12.1
14.7
60.3
12.9
15.8
60.8
12.0
15.0
62.6
12.7
13.5
58.5
Blue-collar workers.................................
Craft and kindred workers...............
Operatives, except transport..........
Transport equipment operatives....
Nonfarm laborers............................
30.2
32.4
26.2
42.4
25.1
27.4
30.4
22.6
41.5
21.4
23.0
24.7
18.2
36.0
20.0
26.3
27.2
22.7
41.3
20.8
28.1
29.5
24.2
40.0
24.0
27.8
30.6
23.7
40.5
20.0
27.5
30.4
22.6
40.8
20.8
22.5
25.1
18.0
33.0
17.3
70.8
65.5
85.9
54.5
67.4
69.0
65.4
82.9
54.4
64.1
64.2
61.7
77.9
48.9
63.2
68.0
62.5
84.3
53.0
64.0
70.7
65.7
83.5
57.4
72.8
70.1
65.2
85.1
52.8
73.3
70.7
66.7
84.5
55.9
71.8
69.3
65.8
84.4
52.9
69.3
Service workers.......................................
23.8
21.9
20.9
20.0
20.3
19.1
18.6
16.8
25.7
30.5
31.0
30.0
36.2
41.4
37.0
40.7
Farm workers..........................................
59.3
61.8
59.8
61.9
58.1
50.8
57.6
47.8
5.1
8.4
8.6
10.1
8.5
7.6
6.9
10.9
Goods-producing industries....................
Agriculture........................................
Mining...............................................
Construction.....................................
Manufacturing..................................
30.0
54.6
38.4
23.0
30.1
27.7
54.7
41.7
21.8
27.3
23.4
55.9
36.6
20.9
21.5
26.6
56.8
34.1
21.4
25.7
28.6
53.1
34.5
23.9
28.0
28.0
47.4
40.9
22.3
27.7
27.5
53.2
34.8
21.4
27.1
23.5
46.4
37.5
20.6
22.3
63.9
7.9
65.8
56.6
69.9
60.5
10.4
64.8
53.1
66.7
53.7
11.6
57.5
52.2
59.9
60.4
13.4
57.4
52.6
67.3
62.0
10.9
64.5
55.9
68.4
61.1
14.0
65.6
55.1
66.7
61.4
12.2
65.0
54.5
67.9
56.2
13.9
63.0
51.0
61.9
Service-producing industries..................
Transportation and public utilities...
Wholesale and retail trade..............
Finance, insurance, and real estate ................................................
Services............................................
Public administration.......................
Federal 1...................................
State..........................................
Local..........................................
28.5
27.1
39.3
27.4
26.2
37.1
26.0
23.3
35.9
25.4
24.1
35.7
26.6
26.1
36.6
26.9
28.7
35.8
25.8
29.1
34.6
22.9
23.6
31.4
27.3
53.6
27.5
28.9
53.2
30.0
26.9
48.4
28.3
26.6
44.1
28.5
29.6
51.1
31.0
31.3
49.8
32.0
30.4
49.7
32.0
30.9
52.5
31.3
21.7
26.2
17.1
15.0
15.8
21.4
20.4
25.9
17.0
13.5
14.7
23.9
21.6
24.0
15.5
11.4
14.3
21.7
20.5
22.7
15.5
13.4
11.4
20.3
22.2
23.7
16.6
14.8
11.1
21.6
21.8
24.3
16.7
15.2
12.1
21.1
20.9
22.9
15.7
14.6
9.7
20.3
18.2
20.5
15.5
15.2
10.3
18.5
16.2
18.8
36.9
58.1
24.0
18.1
21.2
19.9
34.8
57.3
16.5
19.5
19.8
18.8
35.9
53.1
11.2
30.3
18.4
19.0
37.5
58.8
17.9
23.2
19.3
22.0
36.2
53.0
18.9
24.5
21.3
24.0
43.4
58.7
31.0
32.7
20.4
21.6
40.7
52.3
41.5
29.8
20.2
23.4
40.7
51.7
30.1
31.7
OC C U PA TIO N
INDUSTRY
1 Includes postal service.
135
Table 62. Absence rates for full-time nonagricultural wage and salary workers by reason for
absence, May, 1973-80
[Numbers in thousands]
Measure
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
A B SEN T W O R K ER S
Total working...........................................................................
55,283
56,248
54,700
56,414
58,422
60,153
64,810
64,043
Total absent.....................................................................
Total incidence rate 1......................................................
Illnesses or injuries...................................................
Miscellaneous reasons............................................
3,614
6.5
4.1
2.4
3,499
6.2
3.7
2.5
3,332
6.1
3.7
2.4
3,630
6.4
4.0
2.5
3,802
6.5
3.9
2.6
3,966
6.6
4.1
2.5
4,336
6.7
3.9
2.8
3,926
6.1
3.6
2.6
Weekly hours usually worked.................................................
2,344,970
2,382,300
2,303,410
2,374,910
2,473,740
2,549,220
2,745,060
2,693,930
Weekly hours lost.............................................................
Total inactivity rate 2........................................................
Illnesses or injuries...................................................
Miscellaneous reasons............................................
81,549
3.5
2.4
1.1
79,706
3.3
2.2
1.1
78,873
3.4
2.3
1.1
82,222
3.5
2.3
1.1
87,487
3.5
2.3
1.2
89,888
3.5
2.3
1.2
94,641
3.4
2.2
1.2
89,823
3.3
2.1
1.2
HOURS LOST
1 Number of workers ab se n ts total employed = 100.
2 Number of hours a b se n ts number of hours usually worked=100.
Note: The universe for May 1979 and 1980 is not strictly comparable to
that of previous years. Changes in the placement of questions on the ques
tionnaire resulted in an increase in the response rate for usual hours. In ad
dition, the remaining nonresponses were allocated in accordance with
standard Bureau of the Census procedures. For further information, see
“Computer Method to Process Missing Income and Work Experience Infor
mation in the Current Population Survey” by Emmett F. Spiers and Joseph
J. Knott, American Statistical Association,
ticsSection, 1969.
136
Proceedings of theSocial Statis
Table 63. Employment status of the population 14 to 24 years old by school enrollment, sex, and
age, October 1947-82
Men
School enrollment and year
Total,
14 to
24
years
Total,
14 to
24
years
Women
14 to 17 years
14 to
16 to
15 Total17
years years
18 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
Total,
14 to
24
years
14 to 17 years
Total
14 to
15
years
16 to
17
years
18 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
420
452
435
236
206
215
268
244
274
346
322
Civilian noninstitutional population (thousands)
ENRO LLED
587
682
593
947
898
827
4,029
4,046
3,981
3,373
3,388
3,331
1,630
1,770
680
534
612
642
730
733
602
630
636
677
4,207
4,286
4,406
4,579
4,642
3,420
3,602
3,682
3,695
3,782
(*)
( ')
2,145
2,145
1,550
1,637
519
440
450
538
538
2,285
2,482
2,729
2,751
2,716
1,811
1,794
1,917
2,103
2,323
752
809
780
898
918
686
830
897
915
892
4,677
5,098
5,489
5,651
5,870
3,873
4,138
4,421
4,591
4,796
2,231
2,404
2,599
2,664
2,603
1,642
1,734
1,822
1,927
2,193
480
598
629
667
683
324
362
439
393
391
5,248
5,705
6,032
6,402
6,658
2,878
3,394
3,576
3,466
3,479
2,370
2,311
2,456
2,936
3,179
1,063
1,170
1,212
1,180
1,238
936
988
1,177
1,365
1,332
6,162
6,719
7,188
7,645
8,030
4,994
5,458
5,708
6,115
6,356
2,763
3,227
3,422
3,347
3,353
2,231
2,231
2,286
2,768
3,003
754
782
932
881
958
414
479
548
649
716
9,861
10,278
10,471
10,957
11,332
6,613
6,770
6,973
7,200
7,375
3,546
3,640
3,738
3,837
3,923
3,067
3,130
3,235
3,363
3,452
1,689
1,841
1,636
1,891
1,886
1,559
1,667
1,862
1,866
2,071
8,462
8,738
9,192
9,465
9,852
6,420
6,523
6,663
6,919
7,078
3,434
3,526
3,635
3,727
3,819
2,986
2,997
3,028
3,192
3,259
1,241
1,335
1,390
1,424
1,465
801
880
1,139
1,122
1,309
21,479
22,350
22,505
22,422
22,893
11,414
11,899
11,944
11,815
11,935
7,531
7,732
7,821
7,881
7,956
3,994
4,084
4,129
4,156
4,207
3,537
3,647
3,692
3,724
3,749
1,822
1,942
1,862
1,791
1,742
2,061
2,226
2,261
2,143
2,237
10,065
10,451
10,561
10,607
10,958
7,267
7,439
7,499
7,550
7,675
3,878
3,967
3,985
3,986
4,063
3,389
3,472
3,514
3,564
3,612
1,502
1,617
1,601
1,499
1,645
1,296
1,395
1,461
1,558
1,637
23,797
24,051
23,978
2f 642
23,337
12,436
12,423
12,422
12,198
11,999
8,105
8,089
8,022
7,914
7,793
4,251
4,239
4,173
4,091
3,959
3,853
3,851
3,849
3,824
3,834
1,954
1,924
1,939
1,925
1,899
2,377
2,410
2,461
2,359
2,307
11,361
11,628
11,556
11,444
11,338
7,721
7,710
7,683
7,644
7,405
4,088
4,055
4,010
3,943
3,712
3,632
3,656
3,673
3,701
3,603
1,827
1,863
1.847
1,801
1,822
1,814
2,054
2,027
1,999
2,111
1980.............................................................. 23,071
1981.............................................................. 23,051
1982.............................................................. 22,662
11,739
11,794
11,579
7,446
7,309
7,108
3,742
3,644
3,588
3,705
3,665
3,520
1,907
2,018
1,937
2,385
2,467
2,534
11,332
11,257
11,082
7,216
7,065
6,820
3,616
3,498
3,449
3,600
3,567
3,371
1,914
1,958
1,899
2,202
2,234
2,363
(‘ )
(*)
1,282
1,306
1,286
4,626
4,542
4,558
8,521
8,299
8,208
855
760
797
(')
(*)
(*)
(*)
(>)
(*)
1,848
1,770
1,748
5,818
5,770
5,664
4,408
3,598
3,102
2,795
2,861
7,868
7,694
7,534
7,289
7,260
735
628
652
652
644
(*>
n
(*)
o
75
103
<*>
(*)
577
541
1,613
1,626
1,590
1,542
1,580
5,520
5,440
5,292
5,094
5,035
1947..............................................................
1948..............................................................
1949..............................................................
8,927
9,061
8,846
4,898
5,015
4,866
3,364
3,436
3,447
1950.............................................................
1951.............................................................
1952.............................................................
1953.............................................................
1954.............................................................
9,189
9,036
9,406
9,700
10,052
4,982
4,750
5,000
5,122
5,410
3,568
3,614
3,758
3,844
4,002
2,214
2,232
1955.............................................................
1956.............................................................
1957.............................................................
1958.............................................................
1959.............................................................
10,212
11,013
11,812
12,317
12,719
5,534
5,915
6,323
6,667
6,849
4,096
4,276
4,646
4,854
5,039
1960.............................................................
1961.............................................................
1962.............................................................
1963.............................................................
1964.............................................................
13,409
14,582
15,609
16,592
17,258
7,247
7,863
8,421
8,947
9,228
1965.............................................................
1966.............................................................
1967.............................................................
1968.............................................................
1969.............................................................
18,323
19,016
19,663
20,422
21,184
1970.............................................................
1971.............................................................
1972.............................................................
1973.............................................................
1974.............................................................
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
n
(l )
(‘ )
<‘ >
(*)
(*)
C)
(')
(*)
(*)
C)
(*)
( ')
(*>
(*>
C)
(l )
(*)
(*)
(*)
(>)
C)
N O T ENRO LLED
1947..............................................................
1948..............................................................
1949..............................................................
15,330
14,906
14,782
6,808
6,606
6,574
900
759
729
(*)
(')
(‘ )
1950.............................................................
1951..............................................................
1952..............................................................
1953.............................................................
1954.............................................................
14,159
13,034
12,310
11,731
11,696
6,291
5,340
4,776
4,442
4,436
659
628
642
585
508
(')
(*)
83
90
502
418
1,224
1,114
1,032
1,063
1,067
1955.............................................................
1956.............................................................
1957.............................................................
1958.............................................................
1959.............................................................
11,980
11,833
11,917
12,208
12,613
4,655
4,706
4,794
4,935
5,240
526
524
455
495
479
103
74
57
89
61
423
450
398
406
418
1,018
984
1,021
994
1,097
3,111
3,198
3,318
3,446
3,664
7,326
7,127
7,123
7,273
7,373
674
602
612
651
594
90
80
102
86
80
584
522
510
565
514
1,655
1,587
1,611
1,599
1,655
4,997
4,938
4,900
5,023
5,124
1960.............................................................
1961.............................................................
1962.............................................................
1963.............................................................
1964.............................................................
12,995
13,465
13,304
13,572
14,163
5,428
5,638
5,409
5,495
5,857
496
485
409
395
397
61
67
45
46
34
435
418
364
349
363
1,158
1,237
1,254
1,135
1,196
3,774
3,916
3,846
3,965
4,264
7,567
7,827
7,895
8,077
8,306
603
570
611
563
567
66
93
95
67
62
537
477
516
496
505
1,758
1,950
1,831
1,847
1,884
5,206
5,307
5,453
5,667
5,855
(*)
See footnotes at end of table.
137
(*)
(’ )
(*>
(*)
Table 63. Employment status of the population 14 to 24 years old by school enrollment, sex, and
age, October 1947-82—Continued
Men
School enrollment and year
Total,
14 to
24
years
Total,
14 to
24
years
Women
14 to 17 years
14 to
16 to
15 Total17
years years
18 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
Total,
14 to
24
years
14 to 17 years
Total
14 to
15
years
16 to
17
years
18 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
Civilian noninstitutional population (thousands)—Continued
N O T EN RO LLED — C ontinued
1965..............................................................
1966..............................................................
1967..............................................................
1968..............................................................
1969..............................................................
14,435
14,688
14,904
15,125
15,550
5,887
5,781
5,889
5,870
6,084
455
398
389
376
390
35
47
66
71
75
420
351
323
305
315
1,351
1,346
1,272
1,242
1,288
4,081
4,037
4,228
4,252
4,406
8,548
8,907
9,015
9,255
9,466
496
500
532
489
527
44
56
67
83
72
452
444
465
406
455
2,048
2,202
2,061
2,031
2,040
6,004
6,205
6,422
6,735
6,899
1970..............................................................
1971..............................................................
1972..............................................................
1973..............................................................
1974..............................................................
16,793
17,451
18,636
19,653
19,903
6,912
7,350
8,169
8,833
9,078
410
381
497
529
569
72
52
96
88
87
338
329
401
442
483
1,527
1,567
1,779
1,945
2,062
4,975
5,402
5,893
6,359
6,447
9,881
10,101
10,467
10,820
10,825
512
504
598
644
621
77
62
100
119
87
435
442
498
525
534
2,107
2,112
2,235
2,434
2,402
7,262
7,485
7,634
7,742
7,802
1975..............................................................
1976.............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978.............................................................
1979..............................................................
19,874
20,192
20,660
21,218
21,566
9,073
9,402
9,607
9,962
10,208
464
466
488
516
455
69
60
56
65
65
396
405
431
450
390
1,965
2,066
2,061
2,095
2,174
6,644
6,870
7,058
7,351
7,579
10,801
10,790
11,053
11,256
11,358
614
603
583
531
592
83
91
69
62
82
531
512
514
469
510
2,315
2,339
2,356
2,392
2,385
7,872
7,848
8,114
8,333
8,381
1980.............................................................. 21,522
1981.............................................................. 21,184
1982.............................................................. 20,934
10,293
10,083
9,996
503
441
384
48
66
49
455
375
335
2,141
1,978
2,024
7,649
7,664
7,588
11,229
11,101
10,939
538
455
438
84
82
58
454
373
380
2,272
2,161
2,163
8,419
8,485
8,338
89
65
106
(‘ )
48
72
Civilian labor force (thousands)
ENRO LLED
1947.............................................................
1948.............................................................
1949.............................................................
(*)
1,855
1,877
(*)
1,265
1,197
744
833
775
(*>
(*)
(*)
(*)
(‘ )
(l )
149
190
163
241
258
(*)
590
680
393
478
502
(*)
( ')
(*)
(*)
(M
(M
1950..............................................................
1951..............................................................
1952..............................................................
1953..............................................................
1954.............................................................
2,421
2,290
1,980
1,888
2,332
1,575
1,428
1,310
1,226
1,496
1,066
1,012
946
855
1,031
(l )
382
462
(l )
(*)
(*)
473
569
245
172
192
206
200
264
244
172
165
265
846
862
670
662
836
614
656
512
474
592
(*)
(*)
(*)
197
203
(‘ )
(l )
277
389
144
126
76
96
126
87
80
82
92
118
1955.............................................................
1956..............................................................
1957..............................................................
1958..............................................................
1959.............................................................
2,706
3,007
3,161
3,116
3,373
1,801
1,894
1,990
2,037
2,128
1,185
1,193
1,276
1,276
1,353
510
547
582
514
574
675
646
694
762
779
330
319
299
309
330
286
382
415
452
445
905
1,113
1,171
1,079
1,245
634
774
795
717
872
282
310
310
285
357
352
464
485
432
515
135
162
167
211
196
136
177
209
151
177
1960.............................................................
1961..............................................................
1962.............................................................
1963..............................................................
1964.............................................................
3,390
3,551
3,872
4,220
4,315
2,171
2,223
2,481
2,711
2,732
1,386
1,352
1,437
1,597
1,646
580
617
651
608
612
806
735
786
989
1,034
371
382
423
433
446
414
489
621
681
640
1,219
1,328
1,391
1,509
1,583
841
900
940
1,007
1,071
336
439
413
348
388
505
461
527
659
683
210
235
203
253
241
163
198
248
249
271
1965..............................................................
1966..............................................................
1967..............................................................
1968..............................................................
1969..............................................................
5,075
5,284
5,842
6,167
6,750
3,213
3,276
3,544
3,808
3,966
1,838
1,808
1,967
2,042
2,074
698
604
643
717
664
1,140
1,204
1,324
1,325
1,410
611
690
656
811
821
764
778
921
955
1,071
1,862
2,008
2,298
2,359
2,784
1,185
1,218
1,367
1,417
1,606
410
407
525
508
516
775
811
842
909
1,090
360
447
433
453
537
317
348
493
489
641
1970..............................................................
1971..............................................................
1972..............................................................
1973..............................................................
1974..............................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
6,815
7,235
7,410
7,864
8,151
3,885
4,310
4,285
4,477
4,475
2,079
2,307
2,237
2,491
2,461
704
841
755
846
833
1,375
1,466
1,482
1,645
1,628
750
836
844
813
773
1,056
1,168
1,204
1,172
1,241
2,930
2,925
3,124
3,387
3,676
1,710
1,665
1,802
2,032
2,107
576
578
625
679
694
1,134
1,087
1,177
1,353
1,413
566
598
592
571
650
654
662
730
784
919
n
(M
138
(M
(M
Table 63. Employment status of the population 14 to 24 years old by school enrollment, sex, and
age, October 1947-82—Continued
Men
School enrollment and year
Total,
14 to
24
years
Total,
14 to
24
years
Women
14 to 17 years
16 to
14 to
15 Total17
years years
18 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
Total,
14 to
24
years
14 to 17 years
Total
14 to
15
years
16 to
17
years
18 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
Civilian labor force (thousands)—Continued
E N RO LLED — C ontinued
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
8,183
8,500
8,955
9,069
8,887
4,400
4,586
4,839
4,783
4,661
2,363
2,382
2,609
2,553
2,532
756
734
854
772
775
1,608
1,647
1,755
1,781
1,757
818
862
899
925
800
1,219
1,342
1,331
1,306
1,329
3,774
3,915
4,116
4,286
4,227
2,024
1,991
2,134
2,298
2,192
613
631
702
699
633
1,411
1,360
1,432
1,599
1,559
750
816
842
822
836
999
1,109
1,140
1,166
1,199
1980..............................................................
1981..............................................................
1982..............................................................
8,572
8,405
8,234
4,418
4,343
4,171
2,228
2,088
1,907
594
540
543
1,634
1,548
1,364
869
900
847
1,320
1,355
1,417
4,154
4,062
4,062
1,992
1,857
1,785
525
513
496
1,467
1,344
1,289
865
914
898
1,297
1,291
1,379
1947..............................................................
1948.............................................................
1949.............................................................
(*)
10,421
10,306
(M
6,304
6,181
808
680
625
(*)
(*)
<l )
(>)
(*)
1,199
1,248
1,214
(l )
4,376
4,342
(*)
4,117
4,125
464
422
399
(*)
(l )
(*)
(‘ )
(‘ )
1,128
1,040
1,062
(l )
2,655
2,664
1950.............................................................
1951.............................................................
1952.............................................................
1953.............................................................
1954.............................................................
10,049
8,920
8,194
7,823
7,691
5,958
5,064
4,438
4,204
4,044
578
512
566
500
407
<l >
(>)
(*)
65
52
(*)
(*)
<*)
434
355
1,172
1,058
960
1,019
955
4,209
3,494
2,912
2,685
2,682
4,091
3,856
3,756
3,620
3,647
380
296
350
311
257
(*)
(*)
(‘ )
23
29
(*)
(*)
<‘ )
288
228
979
984
960
959
957
2,732
2,576
2,446
2,350
2,433
1955.............................................................
1956.............................................................
1957.............................................................
1958.............................................................
1959.............................................................
8,155
8,073
7,975
8,296
8,530
4,400
4,390
4,507
4,643
4,931
428
422
362
399
366
54
40
31
56
31
374
382
331
343
335
965
892
947
924
1,019
3,007
3,076
3,198
3,320
3,546
3,755
3,683
3,467
3,653
3,599
299
282
240
284
250
23
23
16
26
20
276
259
225
258
230
1,025
959
993
949
951
2,431
2,442
2,234
2,420
2,398
1960.............................................................
1961..............................................................
1962..............................................................
1963..............................................................
1964.............................................................
8,913
9,230
9,149
9,314
9,892
5,124
5,228
5,071
5,158
5,490
383
353
304
293
273
27
32
26
20
10
356
321
278
273
263
1,075
1,115
1,065
1,061
1,100
3,666
3,760
3,702
3,804
4,117
3,789
4,002
4,078
4,156
4,402
297
263
235
227
233
24
20
12
10
18
273
243
223
217
215
1,060
1,173
1,130
1,133
1,135
2,432
2,566
2,713
2,796
3,034
1965.............................................................. 10,131
1966.............................................................. 10,333
1967.............................................................. 10,534
1968.............................................................. 10,637
1969............................................................. 11,207
5,518
5,414
5,454
5,336
5,597
356
276
264
240
264
14
18
20
23
17
342
258
244
217
247
1,232
1,192
1,118
1,091
1,136
3,930
3,946
4,072
4,005
4,197
4,613
4,919
5,080
5,301
5,610
205
208
208
175
218
11
12
14
17
12
194
196
200
158
206
1,297
1,385
1,311
1,278
1,346
3,111
3,326
3,555
3,848
4,046
1970..............................................................
1971..............................................................
1972..............................................................
1973..............................................................
1974.............................................................
12,208
12,779
14,020
15,026
15,508
6,317
6,731
7,514
8,131
8,402
285
263
328
374
409
29
21
25
32
32
256
242
303
342
377
1,324
1,388
1,597
1,750
1,851
4,708
5,079
5,589
6,007
6,142
5,891
6,048
6,506
6,895
7,106
189
206
249
279
307
10
10
16
24
22
179
196
233
255
285
1,342
1,293
1,465
1,615
1,661
4,360
4,549
4,792
5,000
5,138
1975..............................................................
1976.............................................................
1977.............................................................
1978.............................................................
1979.............................................................
15,382
15,888
16,546
17,236
17,482
8,314
8,617
8,917
9,229
9,397
316
314
344
343
297
17
16
17
19
19
299
298
327
324
278
1,792
1,838
1,888
1,932
1,954
6,206
6,465
6,685
6,954
7,146
7,068
7,271
7,629
8,007
8,085
264
261
301
291
288
12
27
19
17
17
252
234
282
274
271
1,549
1,639
1,652
1,709
1,759
5,255
5,371
5,676
6,008
6,038
1980.............................................................
1981.............................................................
1982.............................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
17,501
17,269
16,900
9,418
9,208
9,065
338
288
258
14
23
8
324
265
250
1,906
1,754
1,721
7,175
7,166
7,086
8,083
8,061
7,836
254
192
193
24
15
10
230
177
183
1,664
1,580
1,556
6,165
6,289
6,087
N O T ENRO LLED
(M
139
n
Table 63. Employment status of the population 14 to 24 years old by school enrollment, sex, and
age, October 1947-82—Continued
Men
School enrollment and year
Total,
14 to
24
years
Total,
14 to
24
years
Women
14 to 17 years
Total
14 to
15
years
16 to
17
years
18 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
Total,
14 to
24
years
14 to 17 years
Total
18 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
(*)
C)
(*)
21.2
14.4
24.4
23.3
33.5
(')
(')
32.5
32.8
29.9
26.6
36.6
14 to
15
years
16 to
17
years
(')
Labor force participation rate 2
ENRO LLED
1947..............................................................
1948..............................................................
1949..............................................................
20.5
21.2
(')
25.2
24.6
22.1
24.2
22.5
1950..............................................................
1951..............................................................
1952..............................................................
1953..............................................................
1954..............................................................
26.3
25.3
21.0
19.5
23.2
31.6
30.0
26.2
23.9
27.7
29.9
28.0
25.2
22.2
25.8
1955..............................................................
1956..............................................................
1957..............................................................
1958..............................................................
1959..............................................................
26.5
27.3
26.8
25.3
26.5
32.5
32.0
31.5
30.6
31.1
1960..............................................................
1961..............................................................
1962..............................................................
1963..............................................................
1964.............................................................
25.3
24.4
24.8
25.4
25.0
1965..............................................................
1966..............................................................
1967..............................................................
1968.............................................................
1969.............................................................
25.4
27.9
27.5
(’)
26.8
31.2
(*)
14.6
17.1
11.7
14.1
15.1
(‘ )
(*)
C)
(*)
(')
(')
(')
17.3
20.7
(’ )
(*)
(')
29.0
31.2
36.0
32.2
31.4
32.1
27.4
36.0
40.5
27.3
25.9
39.1
20.1
20.1
13.9
14.5
18.0
18.0
18.2
13.9
12.8
15.7
(*)
(‘ )
(*)
9.2
9.5
17.9
23.8
27.7
28.6
16.9
17.8
23.4
28.9
27.9
27.5
26.3
26.9
22.3
22.0
21.3
18.7
21.1
37.3
36.0
36.2
36.2
33.5
43.9
39.4
38.3
34.4
35.9
41.7
46.0
46.3
49.4
49.9
19.4
21.8
21.3
19.1
21.2
16.4
18.7
18.0
15.6
18.2
12.6
12.9
11.9
10.7
13.7
21.4
26.8
26.6
22.4
23.5
28.1
27.1
26.6
31.6
28.7
42.0
48.9
47.6
38.4
45.3
30.0
28.3
29.5
30.3
29.6
26.4
23.7
23.8
24.9
24.7
20.2
18.2
18.2
17.5
17.6
34.0
31.8
32.0
33.7
32.5
34.9
32.6
34.9
36.7
36.0
44.2
49.5
52.8
49.9
48.0
19.8
19.8
19.4
19.7
19.7
16.8
16.5
16.5
16.5
16.8
12.2
13.6
12.1
10.4
11.6
22.6
20.7
23.1
23.8
22.7
27.9
30.1
21.8
28.7
25.2
40.6
40.3
45.3
38.4
37.8
27.7
27.8
29.7
30.2
31.9
32.6
31.9
33.8
34.8
35.0
27.8
26.7
28.2
28.4
28.1
19.7
16.6
17.2
18.7
16.9
37.2
38.5
40.9
39.4
40.8
36.2
37.5
40.1
42.9
43.5
49.0
46.7
49.5
51.2
51.7
22.0
23.0
25.0
24.9
28.3
18.5
18.7
20.5
20.5
22.7
11.9
11.5
14.4
13.6
13.5
26.0
27.1
27.8
28.5
33.4
29.0
33.5
31.2
31.8
36.7
39.6
39.0
43.7
43.6
49.0
1970.............................................................
1971..............................................................
1972..............................................................
1973..............................................................
1974.............................................................
31.7 32.4
32.9
35.0
35.6
34.0
36.2
35.9
37.9
37.5
27.6
29.8
28.6
31.7
31.0
17.6
20.6
18.3
20.3
19.8
38.9
40.2
40.1
44.2
43.4
41.2
43.1
45.3
45.4
44.4
51.2
52.5
53.2
54.7
55.5
29.1
28.0
29.6
31.9
33.5
23.5
22.4
24.0
26.9
27.4
14.9
14.6
15.7
17.0
17.1
33.5
31.3
33.5
38.0
29.2
37.7
37.0
37.0
38.1
39.5
50.5
47.4
49.9
50.3
56.2
1975.............................................................
1976.............................................................
1977.............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
34.3
35.4
37.4
38.4
38.2
35.3
37.0
39.0
39.3
38.9
29.2
29.5
32.6
32.3
32.6
17.7
17.4
20.6
19.0
19.7
41.7
42.8
45.6
46.6
45.8
41.9
44.8
46.4
48.1
42.1
51.2
55.7
54.0
55.3
57.7
33.2
33.6
35.6
37.5
37.3
26.2
25.9
27.9
30.2
29.7
15.0
15.5
17.5
17.7
16.6
38.9
37.2
39.0
43.3
43.4
41.1
43.8
45.6
45.7
45.9
55.1
53.9
56.2
58.3
56.8
1980.............................................................
1981..............................................................
1982.............................................................
37.2
36.5
36.3
37.6
36.8
36.0
30.0
28,6
26.8
15.9
14.8
15.1
44.1
42.2
38.8
45.6
44.6
43.7
55.3
54.9
55.9
36.7
36.1
36.7
27.7
26.3
26.1
14.5
14.6
14.4
40.9
37.7
38.2
45.2
46.7
47.3
58.9
57.8
58.4
C)
C)
93.5
95.6
94.4
(l )
96.3
95.3
C)
49.6
50.2
54.3
55.5
50.1
(*)
(')
(')
(‘ )
(')
(*)
61.0
58.8
60.8
46.0
47.0
95.5
97.1
93.9
96.1
93.7
52.0
50.1
49.9
49.7
50.2
51.7
47.1
53.7
47.7
39.9
(* )
(‘ )
(* )
(3 )
(‘ )
(’ )
C)
49.9
42.1
60.7
60.5
60.4
62.2
60.6
49.5
47.4
46.2
46.1
48.3
96.7
96.2
96.4
96.3
96.8
51.3
51.7
48.7
50.2
48.8
44.4
46.8
39.2
43.6
42.1
47.3
49.6
44.1
45.7
44.7
61.9
60.4
61.6
59.3
57.5
48.6
49.5
45.6
48.2
46.8
0)
(*>
(*)
C)
C)
(l )
(*)
NOT ENRO LLED
1947..............................................................
1948..............................................................
1949..............................................................
0)
(')
69.9
96.7
95.4
94.0
89.8
89.6
85.7
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
1950..............................................................
1951..............................................................
1952..............................................................
1953..............................................................
1954..............................................................
71.0
68.4
66.6
66.7
65.8
94.7
94.8
92.9
94.6
91.2
87.7
81.5
88.2
85.5
80.1
(M
(* )
(* )
(M
(‘ )
(* )
(3)
86.5
84.9
95.8
95.0
93.0
95.9
89.5
1955..............................................................
1956.............................................................
1957..............................................................
1958.............................................................
1959..............................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
68.1
68.2
66.9
68.0
67.6
94.5
93.3
94.0
94.1
94.1
81.4
80.5
79.6
80.6
76.4
88.4
84.9
83.2
84.5
80.1
94.8
90.7
92.8
93.0
92.9
(3 )
52.4
(2 )
(3)
(3)
(3)
140
28.2
(3)
(3 )
15.7
(3 )
(3)
(*)
Table 63. Employment status of the population 14 to 24 years old by school enrollment, sex, and
age, October 1947-82—Continued
Women
Men
School enrollment and year
Total,
14 to
24
years
Total,
14 to
24
years
14 to 17 years
Total
14 to
15
years
16 to
17
years
18 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
Total,
14 to
24
years
14 to 17 years
Total
18 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
50.8
50.9
43.2
43.8
42.6
60.3
60.2
61.7
61.3
60.2
46.7
48.4
49.8
49.3
51.8
42.9
44.1
43.0
38.9
45.3
63.3
62.9
63.6
62.9
66.0
51.8
53.6
55.4
57.1
58.6
13.0
41.1
(3 )
44.4
16.0
20.2
25.3
46.8
48.7
53.4
63.7
61.2
65.5
66.4
69.2
60.0
60.7
62.7
64.5
65.8
14.5
29.7
47.4
45.6
54.9
58.5
53.2
66.9
70.0
70.1
71.4
73.8
66.6
(s )
50.6
47.5
48.2
73.3
73.1
71.9
73.2
74.1
73.0
(l )
(l )
< M
( M
(l )
(*)
84
61
105
45
46
67
86
76
82
87
116
14 to
15
years
16 to
17
years
Labor force participation rate2—Continued
N O T EN RO LLED — C on tin ued
1960..............................................................
1961..............................................................
1962..............................................................
1963..............................................................
1964..............................................................
68.6
68.5
68.8
68.6
69.8
94.4
92.7
93.8
93.9
93.7
77.2
72.8
74.3
74.2
68.8
81.8
76.8
76.4
78.2
72.5
92.8
90.1
92.3
93.5
92.0
97.1
96.0
96.3
95.9
96.6
50.1
51.1
51.7
51.5
53.0
49.3
46.1
38.5
40.3
41.1
1965.............................................................
1966.............................................................
1967.............................................................
1968.............................................................
1969.............................................................
70.2
70.3
70.7
70.3
72.1
93.7
93.7
92.6
90.9
92.0
78.2
69.3
67.9
63.8
67.7
22.7
81.4
73.5
75.5
71.1
78.4
91.2
88.6
87.9
87.8
88.2
96.3
97.7
96.3
94.2
95.3
54.0
55.2
56.4
57.3
59.3
41.3
41.6
40.2
35.8
41.4
1970..............................................................
1971..............................................................
1972.............................................................
1973.............................................................
1974.............................................................
72.7
73.2
75.2
76.4
77.9
91.4
91.6
92.0
92.1
92.6
69.5
69.0
66.0
70.7
72.0
(3 )
75.7
73.5
75.5
77.5
78.2
86.7
88.6
89.7
90.0
89.8
94.6
94.0
94.9
94.5
95.4
59.6
59.8
62.1
63.7
65.6
36.9
41.0
41.7
43.3
49.4
1975.............................................................
1976.............................................................
1977.............................................................
1978.............................................................
1979.............................................................
77.3
78.6
80.1
81.2
81.1
91.7
91.6
92.8
92.6
92.0
68.1
67.5
70.6
75.6
73.7
76.0
72.1
71.4
91.2
88.9
91.6
92.2
89.9
93.5
94.1
94.7
94.6
94.3
65.4
67.2
68.9
71.0
71.1
43.0
43.3
51.8
55.0
48.7
66.6
(3 )
65.3
(3 )
1980.............................................................
1981.............................................................
1982.............................................................
81.3
81.5
80.7
91.4
91.3
90.7
67.3
65.3
67.2
(3 )
71.4
70.7
74.6
89.0
88.7
85.0
93.8
93.5
93.4
71.9
72.6
71.6
47.2
42.2
44.1
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
<3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
26.0
36.4
36.8
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
20.5
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
20.7
28.6
18.3
68.3
69.9
72.1
72.0
Employed (thousands)
ENRO LLED
141
182
156
225
223
234
510
575
648
381
468
477
262
236
170
163
245
809
838
648
643
810
585
638
492
467
573
(*)
(*)
440
523
232
166
186
201
187
197
199
270
374
139
124
74
89
121
491
530
556
475
549
633
601
646
696
701
297
299
275
281
299
279
362
392
414
422
856
1,064
1,114
1,020
1,174
598
733
750
677
818
263
306
298
280
347
335
427
452
397
471
124
158
161
198
185
134
173
203
145
171
1,278
1,211
1,317
1,446
1,501
561
571
617
580
571
717
640
700
866
930
332
343
382
393
408
396
471
583
646
599
1,144
1,230
1,280
1,356
1,425
783
831
870
904
961
326
423
392
320
379
457
408
478
584
582
197
216
181
223
215
164
183
229
229
249
2,920
3,044
3,150
3,457
3,583
1,657
1,657
1,692
1,808
1,846
656
564
556
641
618
1,001
1,093
1,136
1,167
1,228
536
634
582
737
739
727
753
876
912
998
1,732
1,870
2,094
2,159
2,466
1,111
1,134
1,251
1,293
1,399
403
395
500
485
469
708
739
751
808
930
326
404
383
404
466
295
332
460
462
601
3,371
3,749
3,771
3,961
3,924
1,775
1,946
1,911
2,147
2,102
627
754
658
740
728
1,148
1,192
1,253
1,407
1,374
635
736
749
722
689
961
1,068
2,596
2,563
2,731
3,023
3,174
1,488
1,440
1,549
1,766
1,768
534
524
566
631
611
954
916
983
1,135
1,157
488
517
505
511
557
620
607
676
746
850
1947.............................................................
1948.............................................................
1949..............................................................
1,600
1,794
1,761
1,090
1,219
1,113
724
814
724
1950..............................................................
1951..............................................................
1952..............................................................
1953..............................................................
1954..............................................................
2,331
2,208
1,914
1,822
2,206
1,522
1,370
1,266
1,179
1,396
1,028
968
910
815
964
(•)
(l )
375
441
1955..............................................................
1956..............................................................
1957..............................................................
1958..............................................................
1959..............................................................
2,556
2,856
2,983
2,886
3,145
1,700
1,792
1,869
1,866
1,971
1,124
1,131
1,202
1,171
1,250
1960..............................................................
1961..............................................................
1962..............................................................
1963.............................................................
1964..............................................................
3,150
3,255
3,562
3,841
3,933
2,006
2,025
2,282
2,485
2,508
1965..............................................................
1966..............................................................
1967.............................................................
1968..............................................................
1969..............................................................
4,652
4,914
5,244
5,616
6,049
1970.............................................................
1971.............................................................
1972..............................................................
1973.............................................................
1974..............................................................
5,967
6,313
6,501
6,984
7,099
(*)
(* )
<*>
( M
(l )
(* )
(*)
(*)
n
(*)
See footnotes at end of table.
141
1,111
1,092
1,133
( M
(*)
<l )
(*)
Table 63. Employment status of the population 14 to 24 years old by school enrollment, sex, and
age, October 1947-82~Continued
Men
School enrollment and year
Total,
14 to
24
years
Total,
14 to
24
years
Women
14 to 17 years
Total
14 to
15
years
16 to
17
years
18 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
Total,
14 to
24
years
14 to 17 years
Total
14 to
15
years
16 to
17
years
18 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
Employed (thousands) —Continued
E N RO LLED — C ontinued
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
6,978
7,333
7,723
7,901
7,724
3,764
3,924
4,180
4,141
4,047
1,988
1,968
2,170
2,121
2,158
660
640
688
641
675
1,328
1,328
1,482
1,480
1,483
703
737
778
798
689
1,073
1,219
1,232
1,222
1,191
3,214
3,409
3,544
3,760
3,676
1,676
1,680
1,783
1,962
1,831
535
552
603
615
540
1,141
1,128
1,180
1,347
1,291
633
704
710
715
735
906
1,024
1,050
1,083
1,111
1980..............................................................
1981..............................................................
1982..............................................................
7,382
7,189
6,859
3,745
3,728
3,387
1,797
1,731
1,460
485
466
432
1,312
1,265
1,028
733
760
690
1,214
1,237
1,237
3,638
3,461
3,472
1,678
1,518
1,458
458
431
433
1,220
1,087
1,025
768
742
740
1,191
1,201
1,274
1947..............................................................
1948..............................................................
1949..............................................................
10,161
9,903
9,221
6,009
5,969
5,466
719
627
521
C)
C)
(*)
(*>
(‘ )
( ')
1,110
1,154
1,068
4,180
4,187
3,878
4,152
3,934
3,754
422
392
349
(')
(*)
( ')
(*)
( ')
(’ )
1,074
993
948
2,656
2,548
2,457
1950..............................................................
1951..............................................................
1952..............................................................
1953..............................................................
1954..............................................................
9,527
8,532
7,800
7,499
7,070
5,679
4,864
4,230
4,033
3,702
515
474
506
442
343
( ')
(*)
63
44
( ')
(‘ )
(*)
379
299
1,100
1,010
924
971
892
4,064
3,380
2,800
2,620
2,467
3,848
3,668
3,570
3,466
3,368
342
264
316
278
206
(*)
(*)
( ')
21
25
(*)
( ')
( ')
258
181
904
924
894
909
862
2,601
2,480
2,360
2,279
2,300
1955..............................................................
1956..............................................................
1957..............................................................
1958..............................................................
1959.............................................................
7,651
7,593
7,399
7,368
7,702
4,141
4,135
4,135
4,073
4,445
357
360
304
303
277
52
31
24
48
28
305
329
280
255
249
908
845
844
771
865
2,876
2,930
2,987
2,999
3,303
3,510
3,458
3,264
3,295
3,257
270
255
209
222
212
21
18
16
22
17
249
237
193
200
195
951
893
933
845
826
2,289
2,310
2,122
2,228
2,219
1960.............................................................
1961.............................................................
1962.............................................................
1963.............................................................
1964.............................................................
8,017
8,199
8,275
8,292
8,930
4,604
4,660
4,616
4,677
5,006
312
276
258
234
234
21
24
22
17
10
291
252
236
217
224
898
945
927
904
954
3,394
3,439
3,431
3,539
3,818
3,413
3,539
3,659
3,615
3,924
237
213
193
152
174
16
19
12
10
15
221
194
181
142
159
922
1,003
991
964
961
2,254
2,323
2,475
2,499
2,789
1965..............................................................
1966..............................................................
1967.............................................................
1968.............................................................
1969.............................................................
9,359
9,585
9,661
9,835
10,383
5,169
5,131
5,117
5,012
5,257
300
225
208
201
223
14
17
14
17
14
286
208
194
184
209
1,104
1,092
998
987
1,035
3,765
3,814
3,911
3,824
3,999
4,190
4,454
4,544
4,823
5,126
159
153
166
133
160
11
10
10
16
9
148
143
156
117
151
1,119
1,210
1,100
1,113
1,198
2,912
3,091
3,278
3,577
3,768
1970.............................................................
1971.............................................................
1972.............................................................
1973.............................................................
1974.............................................................
10,875
11,374
12,532
13,779
13,823
5,613
6,011
6,795
7,550
7,544
209
199
256
295
320
26
17
23
24
25
183
182
232
271
295
1,137
1,186
1,407
1,576
1,567
4,267
4,627
5,132
5,679
5,658
5,262
5,363
5,737
6,229
6,278
136
143
189
224
233
9
6
15
19
20
127
137
174
205
213
1,122
1,077
1,241
1,392
1,380
4,004
4,143
4,307
4,633
4,665
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
13,087
13,670
14,569
15,488
15,581
7,086
7,488
7,964
8,366
8,493
205
223
253
243
239
12
10
14
17
14
193
213
239
226
226
1,458
1,517
1,621
1,707
1,686
5,423
5,748
6,090
6,416
6,568
6,001
6,182
6,606
7,122
7,088
168
169
232
216
207
11
21
16
14
15
157
148
216
202
192
1,254
1,336
1,352
1,440
1,445
4,579
4,677
5,022
5,466
5,436
1980..............................................................
1981..............................................................
1982..............................................................
15,053
14,684
13,766
8,008
7,804
7,319
247
205
142
11
14
5
236
191
137
1,545
1,395
1,291
6,215
6,204
5,886
7,045
6,880
6,447
183
125
136
20
13
9
163
112
127
1,370
1,230
1,144
5,492
5,525
5,167
N O T ENRO LLED
C)
See footnotes at end of table.
142
Table 63. Employment status of the population 14 to 24 years old by school enrollment, sex, and
age, October 1947-82—Continued
Men
School enrollment and year
Total,
14 to
24
years
Total,
14 to
24
years
Women
r ■
14 to 17 years
Total
14 to
15
years
16 to
17
years
18 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
Total,
14 to
24
years
14 to 17 years
Total
14 to
15
years
■H 18 to
16 to
19
years
17
years
20 to
24
years
Unemployed (thousands)
ENRO LLED
1947..............................................................
1948..............................................................
1949.............................................................
(')
61
116
(')
46
84
20
19
51
(*)
(')
(')
(')
(’)
(')
8
9
8
(')
19
25
(')
15
32
12
10
25
(')
(')
(')
(')
(')
(')
5
3
2
(')
6
5
1950..............................................................
1951.............................................................
1952.............................................................
1953.............................................................
1954.............................................................
89
82
66
66
126
53
58
44
47
100
38
44
36
40
67
(')
(')
(')
7
21
(')
2
8
2
2
20
36
24
22
18
26
29
18
20
7
19
(')
(')
33
46
13
6
6
5
13
4
(')
(')
(')
7
15
6
2
2
7
5-
1955.............................................................
1956.............................................................
1957.............................................................
1958 .........................................................
1959.............................................................
150
151
178
230
228
101
102
121
171
157
61
62
74
105
103
19
17
26
39
25
42
45
48
66
78
33
20
24
28
31
7
20
23
38
23
49
49
57
59
71
36
41
45
40
54
19
4
12
5
10
17
37
33
35
44
11
4
6
13
11
2
4
—
2
2
4
6
6
2
6
1960.............................................................
1961.............................................................
1962.............................................................
1963.............................................................
1964.............................................................
240
296
310
379
382
165
198
199
226
224
108
141
120
151
145
19
46
34
28
41
89
95
86
123
104
39
39
41
40
38
18
18
38
35
41
75
98
111
153
158
56
69
70
103
110
10
16
21
28
9
48
53
49
75
101
13
19
22
30
26
4
10
19
20
22
1965.............................................................
1966.............................................................
1967.............................................................
1968.............................................................
1969.............................................................
423
370
598
551
701
293
232
394
351
383
181
151
275
234
228
42
40
87
76
46
139
111
188
158
182
75
56
74
74
82
37
25
45
43
73
130
138
204
200
318
74
84
116
124
207
7
12
25
23
47
67
72
91
101
160
34
43
50
49
71
22
11
38
27
40
1970.............................................................
1971.............................................................
1972.............................................................
1973.............................................................
1974.............................................................
848
922
909
880
1,060
514
561
515
516
555
304
361
326
344
360
77
87
96
105
106
227
274
230
239
254
115
100
96
91
85
95
100
93
81
109
334
362
394
365
505
222
225
353
266
340
42
54
58
48
83
180
171
194
218
257
78
81
88
61
94
34
55
54
38
71
1975.............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978.............................................................
1979.............................................................
1,196
1,171
1,226
1,167
1,161
635
664
658
642
613
374
414
438
430
373
94
93
165
129
99
280
321
273
301
274
115
127
120
129
112
145
124
101
83
128
562
506
568
524
548
351
309
350
335
359
79
78
98
83
91
272
231
252
252
269
119
112
131
106
101
92
85
87
83
87
1980.............................................................
1981..............................................................
1982.............................................................
1,195
1,217
1,375
674
616
785
430
357
447
108
73
111
322
284
336
137
141
157
107
118
181
520
601
590
315
340
326
66
82
62
249
258
264
99
172
159
107
89
105
519
1,085
(')
335
714
89
53
104
(')
(')
(')
89
94
146
(')
189
464
(")
184
371
42
29
50
(*)
(')
(')
(’)
(')
54
48
114
(')
107
207
522
388
394
324
621
279
200
208
171
342
63
38
60
58
68
(')
(*)
(’)
56
56
72
48
36
48
63
144
114
112
66
215
243
188
186
152
279
38
32
34
32
51
(’)
(*)
74
60
66
50
95
131
96
86
71
133
C)
C)
(’)
N O T ENRO LLED
1947..............................................................
1948..............................................................
1949..............................................................
1950..............................................................
1951.............................................................
1952.............................................................
1953.............................................................
1954.............................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
C)
C)
(’)
(')
(*)
(’)
C)
2
8
143
C)
2
4
C)
C)
(')
(')
30
47
Table 63. Employment status of the population 14 to 24 years old by school enrollment, sex, and
age, October 1947-82—Continued
--------------------------- (----------------------------Men
Total,
School enrollment and year
Women
14 to 17 years
—
—----------i 18 to
14 to
16 to
19
17
Total
15
years
years years
24~
'
—
20 to
24
years
14 to 17 years
Total
14 to
15
years
16 to
17
years
18 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
Unemployed (thousands)—Continued
N O T EN RO LLED — C ontinued
1955..............................................................
1956..............................................................
1957..............................................................
1958 .............................................................
1959..............................................................
504
480
576
928
828
259
255
372
570
486
71
62
58
96
89
2
9
7
8
3
69
53
51
88
86
57
47
103
153
154
131
146
211
321
243
245
225
203
358
342
29
27
31
62
38
2
5
—
4
3
27
22
32
58
35
74
66
60
104
125
142
132
112
192
179
1960..............................................................
1961.............................................................
1962.............................................................
1963.............................................................
1964..............................................................
896
1,031
874
1,022
962
520
568
455
481
484
71
77
46
59
39
6
8
4
3
—
65
69
42
56
39
177
170
138
157
146
272
321
271
265
299
376
463
419
541
478
60
50
42
75
59
8
1
52
49
42
75
56
138
170
139
169
174
178
243
238
297
245
1965.............................................................
1966..............................................................
1967..............................................................
1968..............................................................
1969.............................................................
772
748
873
802
824
349
283
337
324
340
56
51
56
30
41
—
1
6
6
3
56
50
50
33
38
128
100
120
104
101
165
132
161
181
198
423
465
536
478
484
46
55
48
42
58
2
4
1
3
46
53
44
41
55
178
175
211
165
148
199
235
277
271
278
1970.............................................................
1971.............................................................
1972..............................................................
1973.............................................................
1974.............................................................
1,333
1,405
1,490
1,249
1,688
704
719
720
581
858
76
64
73
79
89
3
4
2
8
6
73
60
71
71
83
187
202
190
174
284
441
453
457
328
485
629
686
770
668
830
53
63
61
56
74
1
4
1
5
2
52
59
59
51
72
220
216
224
224
282
356
406
486
388
474
1975.............................................................
1976.............................................................
1977.............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979.............................................................
2,299
2,220
1,983
1,751
1,911
1,229
1,128
954
862
906
112
92
93
103
59
5
8
5
5
7
106
85
88
98
52
333
319
266
223
268
784
717
595
536
579
1,070
1,092
1,029
889
1,005
97
93
72
76
84
2
7
4
4
4
95
86
68
72
81
294
304
300
270
316
678
696
657
543
604
1980.............................................................
1981.............................................................
1982.............................................................
2,451
2,591
3,134
1,410
1,405
1,744
92
83
115
4
9
2
88
74
113
359
359
430
959
963
1,199
1,041
1,186
1,388
72
68
57
5
3
2
67
65
55
295
351
411
675
767
920
(')
(J)
C)
(')
(*)
5.6
(3)
1.9
(>)
(3)
(3)
4.2
1.6
(3)
(3)
4.0
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
1.7
—
—
3
—
Unemployment rate
ENRO LLED
1947.............................................................
1948..............................................................
1949..............................................................
(')
3.3
6.2
(')
3.6
7.0
2.7
2.3
6.6
(*)
(')
(')
(*)
0)
(')
5.4
4.7
4.9
C)
7.9
9.7
(*>
2.5
4.7
3.1
2.1
5.0
1950.............................................................
1951.............................................................
1952.............................................................
1953.............................................................
1954.............................................................
3.7
3.6
3.3
3.5
5.4
3.4
4.1
3.4
3.8
6.7
3.6
4.3
3.8
4.7
6.5
(*)
(')
(*)
1.8
4.5
C)
(')
(')
7.0
8.1
5.3
3.5
3.1
2.4
6.5
.8
3.3
1.2
1.2
7.5
4.3
3.0
3.4
2.7
3.1
4.7
2.7
3.9
1.5
3.2
2.0
n
C)
(*>
2.5
3.9
1955..............................................................
1956.............................................................
1957.............................................................
1958..............................................................
1959..............................................................
5.5
5.0
5.6
7.4
6.8
5.6
5.4
6.1
8.4
7.4
5.1
5.2
5.8
8.2
7.6
3.7
3.1
4.5
7.6
4.4
6.2
7.0
6.9
8.7
10.0
10.0
6.3
8.0
9.1
9.4
2.4
5.2
5.5
8.4
5.2
5.4
4.4
4.9
5.5
5.7
5.7
5.3
5.7
5.6
6.2
6.7
1.3
3.9
1.8
2.8
4.8
8.0
6.8
8.1
8.5
8.1
2.5
3.6
6.2
5.6
1.5
2.3
2.9
4.0
3.4
1960..............................................................
1961.............................................................
1962.............................................................
1963.............................................................
1964.............................................................
7.1
8.3
8.0
9.0
8.9
7.6
8.9
8.0
8.3
8.2
7.8
10.4
84
9.5
8.8
3.3
7.5
5.2
4.6
6.7
11.0
12.9
10.9
12.4
10.1
10.5
10.2
9.7
9.2
8.5
4.3
3.7
6.1
5.1
6.4
6.2
7.4
8.0
10.1
10.0
6.9
7.7
7.4
10.2
10.3
3.0
3.6
5.1
8.0
2.3
9.5
11.5
9.3
11.4
14.8
6.2
8.1
10.8
11.9
10.8
2.4
5.2
7.7
8.0
8.1
1965.............................................................
1966.............................................................
1967.............................................................
1968.............................................................
1969.............................................................
8.3
7.5
10.2
8.9
10.4
9.1
7.6
11.1
9.2
9.7
9.8
8.4
14.0
11.5
11.0
6.0
6.6
13.5
10.6
6.9
12.2
9.2
14.2
11.9
12.9
12.3
8.1
11.3
9.1
10.0
4.8
3.2
4.9
4.5
6.8
7.0
7.4
8.9
8.5
11.4
6.2
6.9
8.5
8.8
12.9
1.7
2.9
4.8
4.5
9.1
8.6
8.9
10.8
11.1
14.7
9.4
9.6
11.5
10.8
13.2
6.9
3.2
7.6
5.5
6.2
See footnotes at end of table.
144
n
n
n
o
—
Table 63. Employment status of the population 14 to 24 years old by school enrollment, sex, and
age, October 1947-82—Continued
Women
Men
School enrollment and year
Total,
14 to
24
years
Total,
14 to
24
years
14 to 17 years
Total
14 to
15
years
16 to
17
years
18 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
Total,
14 to
24
years
14 to 17 years
Total
14 to
15
years
16 to
17
years
18 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
Unemployment rate--Continued
EN RO LLED — C ontinued
1970..............................................................
1971..............................................................
1972..............................................................
1973..............................................................
1974.............................................................
12.4
12.7
12.3
11.2
13.0
13.2
13.0
12.0
11.5
12.4
14.6
15.6
14.6
13.8
14.7
10.9
10.4
12.6
12.4
12.7
16.5
18.7
15.5
14.5
15.6
15.3
12.0
11.4
11.2
11.0
9.0
8.6
7.7
6.9
8.8
11.4
12.3
12.6
10.8
13.8
13.0
13.5
14.0
13.0
16.1
7.3
9.4
9.3
7.0
12.0
15.9
15.7
16.5
16.1
18.1
13.8
13.5
14.8
10.6
14.4
5.2
8.3
7.3
4.8
7.7
1975.............................................................
1976.............................................................
1977.............................................................
1978.............................................................
1979.............................................................
14.6
13.8
13.7
12.8
13.0
14.5
14.5
13.6
13.4
13.1
15.9
17.4
16.7
16.8
14.7
12.4
12.6
19.3
16.7
12.7
17.4
19.5
15.5
16.9
15.5
14.1
14.7
13.3
13.9
14.0
12.1
9.2
7.5
6.3
9.7
14.9
12.9
13.8
12.2
13.0
17.2
15.5
16.4
14.6
16.4
12.9
12.4
14.0
11.9
14.4
19.2
17.0
17.6
15.7
17.2
15.8
13.7
15.5
12.9
12.1
9.1
7.7
7.6
7.1
7.3
1980.............................................................
1981..............................................................
1982.............................................................
13.9
14.5
16.7
15.3
14.2
18.8
19.4
17.1
23.4
18.1
13.5
20.4
19.8
18.3
24.6
15.8
15.7
18.5
8.1
8.7
12.8
12.5
14.8
14.5
14.7
18.3
18.3
12.5
16.0
2.5
16.9
19.2
20.5
11.4
18.8
17.7
8.2
6.9
7.6
(*)
7.4
7.5
12.0
(')
4.3
10.7
(’)
4.5
9.0
9.1
6.9
12.5
(*)
(')
n
(’)
(')
(')
5.0
4.6
10.7
4.0
7.8
(')
(')
n
12.9
15.8
6.1
4.5
3.8
4.7
6.6
3.4
3.3
3.8
2.5
8.0
5.9
4.5
4.3
4.2
7.7
10.0
10.8
9.7
10.3
19.8
(')
(*)
(')
(3)
(3)
(')
(’)
(*)
10.4
20.6
7.6
6.1
6.9
5.2
9.9
3.7
18.4
13.9
15.4
25.7
25.7
5.9
5.3
10.9
16.6
15.1
4.4
4.7
6.6
9.7
6.9
6.5
6.1
5.9
9.8
9.5
9.7
9.6
12.9
21.8
15.2
9.8
8.5
14.2
22.5
15.2
7.2
6.9
6.0
11.0
13.1
5.8
5.4
5.0
7.9
7.5
18.3
21.5
15.1
20.5
14.8
16.5
15.2
13.0
14.8
13.3
7.4
8.5
7.3
7.0
7.3
9.9
11.6
10.3
13.0
10.9
20.2
19.0
17.9
33.0
25.3
19.0
20.2
18.8
34.6
26.0
13.0
14.5
12.3
14.9
15.3
7.3
9.5
8.8
10.6
8.1
16.4
19.4
20.5
15.2
15.4
10.4
8.4
10.7
9.5
8.9
4.2
3.3
4.0
4.5
4.7
9.2
10.4
10.6
9.0
8.6
22.4
26.4
22.4
24.0
26.6
23.7
27.0
22.0
25.9
26.7
13.7
12.6
16.1
12.9
11.0
6.4
7.1
7.8
7.0
6.9
(3 )
28.5
24.9
23.3
20.6
22.0
14.1
14.6
11.9
9.9
15.3
9.4
8.9
8.1
5.3
7.8
10.7
11.3
11.8
9.6
11.6
28.0
30.7
24.3
20.0
24.1
(3 )
29.0
30.1
25.4
19.7
25.1
16.4
16.7
15.2
13.8
16.9
8.2
8.9
10.1
7.7
9.2
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
35.7
28.3
26.8
30.3
18.5
18.6
17.3
14.1
11.5
13.7
12.6
11.0
8.8
7.5
7.9
15.1
15.0
13.5
11.0
12.4
36.9
35.6
23.9
26.2
29.4
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
37.6
36.9
24.1
26.4
29.7
19.0
18.5
18.1
15.7
17.9
12.9
12.9
11.5
8.9
9.9
26.9
27.9
45.2
18.8
20.5
25.0
13.4
13.4
16.9
12.8
14.7
17.7
28.2
35.4
29.5
(3 )
29.0
36.7
30.0
17.6
22.2
26.4
10.9
12.2
15.1
NOT ENRO LLED
1947..............................................................
1948.............................................................
1949.............................................................
5.0
10.5
(')
5.3
11.6
11.0
7.8
16.6
(')
(*)
(')
1950..............................................................
1951.............................................................
1952.............................................................
1953.............................................................
1954.............................................................
5.2
4.3
4.8
4.1
8.1
4.7
3.8
4.9
4.1
8.5
10.9
7.4
10.6
11.6
15.7
(')
1955.............................................................
1956.............................................................
1957.............................................................
1958.............................................................
1959.............................................................
6.2
5.9
7.2
11.2
9.7
5.9
5.8
8.3
12.3
9.9
16.6
14.7
16.0
24.1
24.3
(3)
(3)
1960............................... ' ............................
1961..............................................................
1962..............................................................
1963..............................................................
1964..............................................................
10.1
11.2
9.6
11.0
9.7
10.1
10.9
9.0
9.3
8.8
18.5
21.8
15.1
20.1
14.3
1965..............................................................
1966.............................................................
1967.............................................................
1968.............................................................
1969..............................................................
7.6
7.8
8.3
7.5
7.4
6.3
5.5
6.2
6.1
6.1
15.7
18.5
21.2
16.2
15.5
1970..............................................................
1971.............................................................
1972..............................................................
1973..............................................................
1974..............................................................
10.9
11.0
10.6
8.2
10.8
11.1
10.7
9.5
7.1
10.2
26.7
24.4
22.2
21.1
21.8
1975.............................................................
1976.............................................................
1977.............................................................
1978.............................................................
1979.............................................................
14.9
14.0
11.9
10.0
10.8
14.8
13.1
10.6
9.2
9.5
35.5
29.4
26.9
30.1
19.6
1980.............................................................
1981.............................................................
1982.............................................................
14.0
15.0
18.5
15.0
15.3
19.2
27.1
28.8
44.6
C)
C)
(')
(3)
(3)
(3 )
(3 )
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
1 Not available.
of the civilian noninstitutional population in the civilian labor
force.
3 For years prior to 1967, percent not shown where base is less than
C)
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
(3 )
C)
4.8
3.5
3.0
5.5
100,000; for 1967 forward, percent not shown where base is less than
75,000.
Note: Because the number of 14- to 15-year-olds who are not enrolled in
school is very small, the sampling variability for this group is relatively high.
2Percent
C)
145
Table 64. Employment status of recent high school graduates not enrolled in college and of school
dropouts 16 to 24 years old by selected characteristics, October 1960-82
[Numbers in thousands]
High school graduates
School dropouts
Civilian labor force
Total
Year and characteristic
Civilian
noninstitutional
popula
tion
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
civil
ian
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Civilian
noninstitutional
popula
tion
599
262
337
308
107
46
61
51
15.2
14.9
15.3
14.2
215
40
175
114
10
85
22
13.0
( ')
29
568
31
730
297
433
392
79.7
86.1
75.8
81.3
599
242
357
326
89
814
102
41
651
79
C)
80.0
77.4
938
392
546
469
746
356
390
352
79.5
90.8
71.4
75.1
77
820
118
38
657
89
957
379
578
489
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
popu
lation
Em
ployed
921
348
573
473
706
308
398
359
76.7
88.5
69.5
75.9
100
848
73
39
653
53
39.0
77.0
916
345
571
482
Total
Unemployed
Per
cent
of
civil
ian
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
18.2
19.0
130
39
91
39
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
popu
lation
Em
ployed
344
165
179
110
214
126
88
71
62.2
76.4
49.2
64.5
175
102
73
60
39
24
15
11
69
273
71
17
163
51
59.7
(* )
61
195
20
C)
13
133
42
4
30
9
131
55
76
66
17.9
18.5
17.6
16.8
186
48
138
90
354
179
175
119
239
150
89
75
67.5
83.8
50.9
63.0
175
108
67
55
64
42
22
20
31
545
54
10
106
25
16.3
56
283
71
14
189
50
66.8
12
134
41
2
55
9
29.1
<*>
48
163
23
641
305
336
309
105
51
54
43
14.1
14.3
13.8
12.2
192
36
156
117
285
126
159
83
161
107
54
43
115
78
37
28
46
29
17
15
28.6
27.1
C)
80.1
75.4
27
568
73
11
89
16
0)
13.5
76
210
75
11
113
48
0)
53.8
2
30
16
26.5
<*)
39
163
29
755
340
415
368
78.9
89.7
71.8
75.3
619
275
344
311
136
65
71
57
18.0
19.1
17.1
15.5
202
39
163
121
273
132
141
79
180
110
70
50
65.9
83.3
49.6
89
879
78
47
690
65
78.5
(*)
33
580
39
14
110
26
15.9
(')
42
189
13
62
217
56
20
151
29
1,108
427
681
574
863
388
475
432
77.9
90.9
69.8
75.3
702
338
364
334
161
50
111
98
18.7
12.9
23.4
22.7
245
39
206
142
606
273
333
192
107
997
111
43
773
90
40.2
77.5
81.1
30
644
58
13
129
32
(*>
16.8
H
64
224
21
1,305
536
769
645
1,071
488
583
508
82.1
91.0
75.8
78.8
938
452
486
425
133
36
97
83
12.4
7.4
16.6
16.3
124
1,168
137
75
963
108
60.5
82.4
78.8
61
859
79
14
104
29
(')
10.8
26.9
Num
ber
1960
Total.................................
M en.........................................
Women....................................
Single...................................
Married, widowed, divorced, separated...........
White.......................................
Black and other.....................
C)
0 )
(*)
(*)
( ’)
18.4
(')
52
110
20
1961
Total.................................
M en.........................................
Women....................................
Single...................................
Married, widowed, divorced, separated...........
White.......................................
Black and other.....................
C)
(*)
(*)
26.8
28.0
C)
(*)
(*>
(*)
115
29
86
44
42
94
21
1962
Total.................................
Men.........................................
Women....................................
Single...................................
Married, widowed, divorced, separated...........
White.......................................
Black and other.....................
(*)
56.5
84.9
34.0
C)
C)
9
83 .
42
0 )
(*)
(*)
124
19
105
40
65
97
27
1963
Total.................................
M en.........................................
Women....................................
Single...................................
Married, widowed, divorced, separated...........
White.......................................
Black and other.....................
(*)
C)
31.7
22.7
123
85
38
25
57
25
32
25
69.6
(*>
13
101
22
7
50
7
335
209
126
92
55.3
76.6
37.8
47.9
252
172
80
57
83
37
46
35
141
464
142
34
245
90
24.1
52.8
63.4
23
182
70
11
63
20
25.7
234
48
186
137
682
361
321
175
416
299
117
86
61.0
82.8
36.4
49.1
327
241
86
65
89
58
31
21
21.4
19.4
26.5
(‘)
266
62
204
89
49
205
29
146
541
141
31
327
89
21.2
60.4
63.1
21
253
74
10
74
15
(*)
22.6
115
214
52
(*>
H
C)
(')
C)
33.1
C)
93
22
71
29
42
66
27
1964
Total.................................
Men.........................................
Women....................................
Single...................................
Married, widowed, divorced, separated...........
White.......................................
Black and other.....................
24.8
17.7
36.5
C)
C)
C)
271
64
207
100
107
219
52
1965
Total.................................
M en........................................
Women....................................
Single...................................
Married, widowed, divorced, separated...........
White.......................................
Black and other.....................
See footnotes at end of table.
146
(*)
Table 64. Employment status of recent high school graduates not enrolled in college and of school
dropouts 16 to 24 years old by selected characteristics, October 1960-82—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
High school graduates
School dropouts
Civilian labor force
Year and selected
characteristic
Civilian
noninstitutional
popula
tion
Total
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
civil
ian
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Civilian
noninstitutional
popula
tion
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
popu
lation
Em
ployed
1,303
498
805
668
986
435
551
485
75.7
87.3
68.4
72.6
846
397
449
399
140
38
102
86
14.2
8.7
18.5
17.7
317
63
254
183
137
1,160
143
66
893
93
48.2
77.2
65.0
50
778
68
16
115
25
(*)
12.9
H
1,215
484
731
631
956
419
537
486
78.7
86.6
73.6
77.0
801
379
422
384
155
40
115
102
100
1,065
150
51
847
109
51.0
79.6
72.7
38
728
73
1,162
436
726
591
904
384
520
449
77.8
88.1
71.6
76.0
135
999
163
71
775
129
1,326
540
786
647
Total
Unemployed
Per
cent
of
civil
ian
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
popu
lation
Em
ployed
589
294
295
175
367
236
131
95
62.3
80.3
44.4
54.3
303
204
99
69
64
32
32
26
17.4
13.6
24.4
(*>
222
58
164
80
71
267
50
120
454
135
36
290
77
30.0
63.9
57.0
30
243
60
6
47
17
(l)
16.2
(l)
84
164
58
16.2
9.5
21.4
21.0
259
65
194
145
614
320
294
173
391
257
134
84
63.7
80.3
45.6
48.6
309
208
101
62
82
49
33
22
21.0
19.1
24.6
26.2
223
63
160
89
13
119
36
(*)
14.0
33.0
49
218
41
121
476
138
50
301
90
41.3
63.3
65.2
39
242
67
11
59
23
(')
19.6
25.6
71
175
48
782
345
437
380
122
39
83
69
13.5
10.2
16.0
15.4
258
52
206
142
610
310
300
170
390
249
141
98
63.9
80.3
47.0
57.6
305
203
102
71
85
46
39
27
21.8
18.5
27.7
27.6
220
61
159
72
52.6
77.4
79.1
57
684
98
14
91
31
(*)
11.7
24.0
64
224
34
130
462
148
43
305
85
33.1
66.0
57.4
31
245
60
12
60
25
(*)
19.7
29.4
87
157
63
1,049
486
563
494
79.1
90.0
71.6
76.4
929
449
480
425
120
37
83
69
11.4
7.6
14.7
14.0
277
54
223
153
661
341
320
185
405
279
126
89
61.3
81.8
39.4
48.1
337
238
99
70
68
41
27
19
16.8
14.7
21.4
21.3
256
62
194
96
139
1,136
190
69
911
138
49.6
80.2
72.6
55
834
95
14
76
43
(‘)
8.5
31.2
70
232
45
135
519
142
37
316
89
27.4
60.9
62.7
29
267
70
8
49
19
n
15.5
21.3
98
203
53
1,330
602
728
582
1,027
526
501
441
77.2
87.4
68.8
75.8
841
458
383
334
186
68
118
107
18.1
12.9
23.6
24.3
303
76
227
141
712
370
342
222
427
292
135
109
60.0
78.9
39.5
49.1
318
209
109
89
109
83
26
20
25.5
28.4
19.3
18.3
285
78
207
113
146
1,177
153
60
922
105
41.1
78.3
68.6
49
772
69
11
150
36
n
16.3
34.3
86
255
48
120
545
167
26
339
88
21.7
62.2
52.7
20
264
54
6
75
34
n
22.1
38.6
94
206
79
1,337
582
755
612
1,052
524
528
454
78.7
90.0
69.9
74.2
871
451
420
355
181
73
108
99
17.2
14.0
20.5
21.8
285
58
227
158
657
354
303
182
416
287
130
96
63.4
81.0
42.9
53.7
306
210
96
74
110
76
34
22
26.5
26.6
26.4
22.9
241
67
174
85
143
1,190
147
74
944
108
51.7
79.3
73.5
65
801
69
9
143
38
(l )
15.1
35.5
69
246
39
121
541
115
33
354
62
27.3
65.4
53.9
21
267
39
12
87
23
(M
24.6
(*)
88
187
53
Num
ber
1966
Total........................
Men................................
Women...........................
Single..........................
Married, widowed, di
vorced, separated...
White..............................
Black and other.............
1967
Total.......................
Men...............................
Women..........................
Single.........................
Married, widowed, di
vorced, separated..
White.............................
Black and other............
1968
Total........................
Men................................
Women...........................
Single..........................
Married, widowed, di
vorced, separated...
White..............................
Black and other.............
1969
Total........................
Men................................
Women...........................
Single..........................
Married, widowed, di
vorced, separated...
White..............................
Black and other.............
1970
Total........................
Men................................
Women...........................
Single..........................
Married, widowed, di
vorced, separated...
White..............................
Black and other.............
1971
Total....................
Men...............................
Women..........................
Single.........................
Married, widowed, di
vorced, separated..
White.............................
Black and other............
See footnotes at end of table.
147
Table 64. Employment status of recent high school graduates not enrolled in college and of school
dropouts 16 to 24 years old by selected characteristics, October 1960-82—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
High school graduates
School dropouts
Civilian labor force
Year and selected
characteristic
Civilian
noninstitutional
popula
tion
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Total
Total
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
civil
ian
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Civilian
noninstitutional
popula
tion
1,056
538
518
449
182
75
107
87
14.7
12.3
17.1
16.2
267
59
208
139
56.4
83.1
76.5
69
964
92
20
134
49
22.5
12.2
35.0
1,320
659
661
562
80.6
90.2
72.8
76.7
1,157
597
561
479
163
63
100
83
174
1,406
231
98
1,158
161
56.4
82.3
69.7
81
1,042
115
1,631
758
873
698
1,358
681
677
573
83.2
89.8
77.5
82.0
174
1,449
183
103
1,223
134
1,576
721
855
686
Unemployed
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
civil
ian
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
338
235
103
76
122
71
50
36
26.4
23.3
32.7
32.1
274
66
208
92
26.6
62.0
65.1
28
272
65
14
84
38
(‘ )
23.6
36.9
116
218
55
523
360
163
121
66.2
81.1
47.1
52.6
407
273
134
97
116
87
30
25
22.1
24.2
18.4
20.7
267
84
183
108
116
610
177
42
424
98
36.2
69.4
55.4
37
334
72
5
90
26
<‘ )
21.2
26.5
75
187
80
273
77
196
125
813
444
369
245
545
366
180
128
67.1
82.5
48.8
52.3
391
276
115
82
154
90
65
46
28.2
24.5
36.1
35.9
268
78
190
117
27.2
14.6
38.8
71
226
49
125
620
187
52
438
103
41.6
70.5
55.2
33
323
63
19
114
40
(*>
26.1
38.8
73
183
84
255
126
129
104
19.9
19.1
20.8
19.8
295
61
234
164
737
364
373
234
462
300
162
110
62.6
82.5
43.4
47.0
305
197
108
71
157
103
54
39
34.0
34.3
33.3
35.5
275
64
211
123
72
944
80
25
195
60
25.8
17.1
42.7
70
240
58
139
583
153
51
372
89
36.7
63.7
58.2
36
269
34
15
103
55
(‘)
27.8
61.9
88
211
64
84.1
91.3
76.7
80.9
1,057
584
473
401
233
118
115
97
18.0
16.9
19.5
19.6
245
67
178
118
749
420
329
217
471
326
145
103
62.9
77.7
44.0
47.5
326
234
92
65
145
92
53
38
30.7
28.3
36.6
36.9
278
94
184
115
90
1,158
131
59.9
85.8
70.5
73
983
73
17
174
59
18.9
15.0
45.0
60
192
55
112
607
138
42
408
61
37.5
67.2
44.2
28
296
27
14
112
34
(‘)
273
(*)
70
199
77
1,559
714
843
707
1,330
648
682
591
85.4
90.8
80.9
83.6
1,121
555
566
484
209
93
116
107
15.6
14.4
16.9
18.2
227
66
161
116
832
443
389
276
570
359
210
154
68.6
81.0
54.0
55.8
418
270
148
103
152
89
62
51
26.7
24.8
29.5
33.0
262
84
178
122
137
1,365
169
92
1,184
126
67.1
86.8
74.6
83
1,029
73
9
154
53
9.9
13.0
42.1
45
181
43
113
661
157
57
472
91
50.4
71.5
58.1
45
361
52
12
112
39
(*)
23.7
42.9
56
188
66
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
popu
lation
Em
ployed
1,506
672
834
675
1,239
613
625
536
82.2
91.2
75.0
79.4
158
1,323
183
89
1,098
140
1,637
730
907
732
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
popu
lation
Em
ployed
734
372
362
204
460
306
153
112
62.6
82.3
42.3
55.0
69
225
43
158
575
158
42
356
103
12.3
9.6
15.2
14.7
317
71
246
170
790
444
346
230
17
117
46
17.3
10.1
28.6
76
248
71
1,127
576
551
475
231
105
126
98
17.0
15.3
18.6
17.0
59.3
84.4
73.2
75
1,045
82
28
179
52
1,281
660
621
522
81.2
91.5
72.6
76.0
1,026
534
492
418
167
1,379
199
97
1,138
141
58.2
82.5
70.9
1,535
769
766
616
1,290
702
588
498
150
1,349
186
1972
Total.............................
M en.........................................
Women....................................
Single...................................
Married, widowed, di
vorced, separated...........
White.......................................
Black and other.....................
1973
Total.............................
M en.........................................
Women....................................
Single...................................
Married, widowed, di
vorced, separated...........
White........
Black and other.....................
1974
Total.............................
M en.........................................
Women....................................
Single...................................
Married, widowed, di
vorced, separated...........
White.......................................
Black and other.....................
1975
Total.............................
M en.........................................
Women....................................
Single...................................
Married, widowed, di
vorced, separated...........
White.......................................
Black and other.....................
1976
Total.............................
Men.........................................
Women....................................
Single...................................
Married, widowed, di
vorced, separated...........
White.......................................
Black and other......................
1977
Total.............................
M en.........................................
Women....................................
Single...................................
Married, widowed, di
vorced, separated...........
White.......................................
Black *.....................................
See footnote at end of table.
148
Table 64. Employment status of recent high school graduates not enrolled in college and of school
dropouts 16 to 24 years of age by selected characteristics, October 1960-82—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
High school graduates
School dropouts
Civilian labor force
Year and selected
characteristic
Civilian
noninstitutional
popula
tion
Total
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
civil
ian
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Civilian
noninstitutional
popula
tion
1,173
597
575
501
193
75
118
99
14.0
11.2
17.0
16.6
219
60
159
109
64.3
87.7
75.9
74
1,077
87
18
125
58
19.6
10.4
40.0
1,396
679
718
629
86.8
92.0
82.2
84.2
1,166
584
582
512
231
95
136
117
126
1,400
177
88
1,236
128
69.8
88.2
72.3
70
1,064
77
1,575
806
769
648
1,339
723
616
525
85.1
89.7
80.1
80.9
120
1,343
210
90
1,173
149
1,407
674
733
616
Unemployed
Total
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
civil
ian
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
417
292
125
83
159
92
66
55
27.6
24.0
34.4
39.6
263
95
168
99
43.4
72.0
59.1
42
337
69
11
128
35
(12)
27.4
33.7
68
181
71
536
316
220
155
66.0
79.0
53.4
52.7
396
256
140
89
139
60
80
66
25.8
19.0
36.4
42.6
277
84
193
139
116
629
158
62
432
84
53.4
68.6
53.2
49
333
46
13
99
38
(‘)
22.8
45.2
54
198
74
236
83
153
123
759
428
331
229
485
311
173
128
63.8
72.8
52.3
55.8
332
217
115
80
153
95
58
48
31.5
30.5
33.5
37.5
274
117
157
102
14.4
14.8
51.7
30
170
61
102
588
151
46
398
76
45.1
67.7
50.4
36
291
33
10
107
43
(*)
26.9
56.6
56
190
75
253
114
139
126
21.4
19.5
23.4
24.1
227
88
139
94
713
363
350
275
453
269
184
146
63.5
74.1
52.6
53.1
289
191
98
78
164
78
86
68
36.2
29.0
46.7
46.6
260
94
166
129
59
854
66
12
176
76
(2)
17.1
53.5
45
162
63
75
532
168
38
365
78
50.7
68.6
46.4
20
259
21
18
106
57
(*)
29.0
73.1
37
167
90
82.0
85.8
78.2
79.7
926
499
427
374
331
161
170
149
26.3
24.4
28.5
28.5
275
109
166
133
668
355
313
216
421
272
149
109
63.0
76.6
47.6
50.5
246
154
92
67
175
118
57
42
41.6
43.4
38.3
38.5
247
83
164
107
69.7
84.6
69.3
54
843
71
22
230
98
28.9
21.4
58.0
33
195
75
96
513
135
40
344
70
41.7
67.1
51.9
25
220
20
15
124
50
(*)
36.0
(')
56
169
65
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
popu
lation
Em
ployed
1,585
733
852
709
1,366
673
693
600
86.3
91.8
81.3
84.6
143
1,372
191
92
1,203
145
1,610
738
872
746
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
popu
lation
Em
ployed
839
479
360
237
576
384
192
139
68.8
80.2
53.4
58.6
51
169
46
122
647
176
53
465
104
16.4
13.9
18.9
18.6
214
59
155
117
812
400
412
294
18
172
50
20.5
13.9
39.1
38
164
49
1,085
585
500
423
254
138
116
102
19.0
19.1
18.8
19.4
75.1
87.3
71.0
77
999
73
13
174
77
1,180
586
594
522
83.9
86.9
81.0
84.7
927
472
455
396
116
1,192
205
71
1,030
142
61.2
86.4
69.3
1,532
769
763
656
1,257
660
597
523
109
1,268
244
76
1,073
169
1978
Total.............................
Men.........................................
Women....................................
Single...................................
Married, widowed, divorced, separated...........
White.......................................
Black 2.....................................
1979
Total.............................
Men.........................................
Women....................................
Single...................................
Married, widowed, divorced, separated...........
White.......................................
Black 2.....................................
1980
Total.............................
Men.........................................
Women....................................
Single...................................
Married, widowed, divorced, separated...........
White.......................................
Black 2.....................................
1981
Total.............................
Men.........................................
Women....................................
Single......................................
Married, widowed, divorced, separated...........
White.......................................
Black 2.....................................
1982
Total.............................
M en.........................................
Women....................................
Single...................................
Married, widowed, divorced, separated...........
White.......................................
Black 2.....................................
1 See footnote 3, table 63.
2 Beginning with 1977, data refer to black workers only.
N o t e : For the years 1960-63, data on school dropouts cover a 9-month
149
period; for 1964 forward, a 12-month calendar year. Data on graduates
refer to October of the year of graduation.
Table 65. Educational attainment of the civilian labor force by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, March,
selected years, 1959-82
Percent distribution
Sex, race, Hispanic origin, and year
Total 1
(thou
sands)
Elementary
Total
Less
than 5
years 2
High school
5 to 8
years
1 to 3
years
4 years
4 years
or
more
Median
school
years
com
pleted
College
1 to 3
years
TO TA L
1959............................................................................................................ 65,842
1962............................................................................................................ 67,988
1964............................................................................................................ 69,926
100.0
100.0
100.0
5.3
4.6
3.7
25.2
22.4
20.9
19.8
19.3
19.2
30.7
32.1
34.5
9.3
10.7
10.6
9.6
11.0
11.2
12.0
12.1
12.2
1965............................................................................................................
1966............................................................................................................
1967............................................................................................................
1968............................................................................................................
1969...........................................................................................................
71,122
71,958
73,218
75,101
76,753
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.7
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.7
19.6
18.9
17.9
16.8
15.9
19.2
19.0
18.7
18.2
17.8
35.5
36.3
36.6
37.5
38.4
10.5
10.8
11.8
12.2
12.6
11.6
11.8
12.0
12.4
12.6
12.2
12.2
12.3
12.3
12.4
1970............................................................................................................
1971............................................................................................................
1972...........................................................................................................
1973............................................................................................................
1974............................................................................................................
78,955
80,128
85,832
87,958
90,477
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.4
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.8
15.1
14.1
12.9
11.6
10.9
17.3
16.7
19.2
18.6
18.1
39.0
39.4
38.7
39.4
39.2
13.3
13.9
13.6
14.2
15.1
12.9
13.6
13.6
14.1
15.0
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.5
12.5
1975............................................................................................................
1976............................................................................................................
1977...........................................................................................................
1978............................................................................................................
1979............................................................................................................
92,328
94,329
97,243
100,125
103,478
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.7
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.4
10.0
9.1
8.6
8.2
7.5
17.6
17.2
17.2
16.8
16.0
39.6
39.7
39.4
39.5
39.9
15.5
16.1
16.4
17.1
17.6
15.7
16.5
16.9
16.9
17.6
12.5
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
1980........................................................................................................... 105,449
1981............................................................................................................ 107,721
1982............................................................................................................ 108,762
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.2
1.2
1.1
7.1
6.7
6.2
15.5
14.9
14.3
40.1
40.9
41.0
17.9
17.9
18.0
18.2
18.3
19.3
12.7
12.7
12.7
Men
1959...........................................................................................................
1962...........................................................................................................
1964...........................................................................................................
44,286
45,011
45,600
100.0
100.0
100.0
6.1
5.4
4.4
26.9
24.2
22.5
20.2
19.6
19.4
27.2
28.7
31.1
9.1
10.4
10.6
10.4
11.7
12.1
11.5
12.0
12.1
1965...........................................................................................................
1966...........................................................................................................
1967...........................................................................................................
1968...........................................................................................................
1969...........................................................................................................
46,258
46,356
46,571
47,255
47,862
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
4.4
3.9
3.7
3.4
3.2
21.3
20.6
19.7
18.6
17.6
19.4
19.3
18.8
18.6
18.1
32.0
32.6
32.9
33.8
34.4
10.5
10.7
11.7
12.2
12.6
12.4
12.8
13.2
13.6
13.9
12.2
12.2
12.2
12.3
12.3
1970...........................................................................................................
1971...........................................................................................................
1972...........................................................................................................
1973...........................................................................................................
1974...........................................................................................................
48,891
49,553
52,705
53,761
54,767
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.4
2.3
16.9
15.8
14.5
13.1
12.4
17.5
16.9
19.2
18.6
18.0
35.1
35.7
35.0
35.8
36.0
13.5
14.0
13.8
14.5
14.9
14.2
14.9
15.0
15.6
16.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.5
1975...........................................................................................................
1976...........................................................................................................
1977...........................................................................................................
1978...........................................................................................................
1979...........................................................................................................
55,346
55,929
57,189
58,376
59,632
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.2
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.6
11.1
10.2
9.8
9.4
8.7
17.6
17.2
17.3
17.0
16.1
36.2
36.4
35.9
35.9
36.6
15.6
16.1
16.5
17.1
17.5
17.3
18.2
18.7
18.8
19.6
12.5
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
1980...........................................................................................................
1981...........................................................................................................
1982...........................................................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
60,514
61,306
61,666
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.5
1.5
1.4
8.3
7.9
7.3
16.0
15.4
14.8
36.5
37.5
37.9
17.7
17.4
17.3
•20.0
20.3
21.3
12.7
12.7
12.7
150
Table 65. Educational attainment of the civilian labor force by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, March,
selected years, 1959-82—Continued
Percent distribution
Sex, race, Hispanic origin, and year
Total 1
(thou
sands)
Elementary
Total
High school
College
Less
than 5
years 2
5 to 8
years
1 to 3
years
4 years
1 to 3
years
4 years
or
more
Median
school
years
com
pleted
W om en
1959............................................................................................................ 21,556
1962............................................................................................................ 22,977
1964............................................................................................................ 24,326
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.5
3.0
2.4
21.5
18.8
17.8
19.1
18.8
18.8
38.1
38.7
40.9
9.7
11.2
10.6
8.1
9.5
9.5
12.2
12.2
12.3
1965...........................................................................................................
1966...........................................................................................................
1967...........................................................................................................
1968...........................................................................................................
1969...........................................................................................................
24,871
25,602
26,647
27,846
28,891
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.4
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.8
16.6
15.7
14.8
14.1
13.1
18.7
18.4
18.5
17.6
17.3
41.9
43.0
42.9
43.7
45.0
10.4
11.0
11.8
12.3
12.4
10.0
9.9
9.9
10.5
10.4
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.4
12.4
1970...........................................................................................................
1971...........................................................................................................
1972...........................................................................................................
1973...........................................................................................................
1974...........................................................................................................
30,064
30,575
33,127
34,196
35,709
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.1
12.2
11.5
10.2
9.2
8.6
16.9
16.4
19.2
18.6
18.1
45.5
45.4
44.7
45.2
44.2
13.2
13.9
13.2
13.8
15.2
10.7
11.4
11.4
12.0
12.8
12.4
12.5
12.4
12.5
12.5
1975...........................................................................................................
1976...........................................................................................................
1977...........................................................................................................
1978...........................................................................................................
1979...........................................................................................................
36,982
38,400
40,054
41,748
43,845
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.0
1.0
.9
.9
1.0
8.1
7.4
6.9
6.5
5.8
17.6
17.2
17.1
16.6
16.0
44.7
44.5
44.5
44.5
44.5
15.4
16.0
16.4
17.2
17.9
13.3
14.1
14.5
14.4
15.0
12.5
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
1980...........................................................................................................
1981...........................................................................................................
1982...........................................................................................................
44,934
46,414
47,095
100.0
100.0
100.0
.7
.8
.8
5.5
5.1
4.8
14.9
14.2
13.7
45.0
45.5
45.2
18.1
18.6
18.9
15.9
15.7
16.6
12.6
12.7
12.7
1959...........................................................................................................
1962...........................................................................................................
1964...........................................................................................................
58,726
60,451
62,213
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.8
3.3
2.7
23.9
21.4
19.8
19.6
18.8
18.5
32.5
33.5
36.0
9.8
11.3
11.1
10.3
11.8
11.9
12.1
12.2
12.2
1965...........................................................................................................
1966...........................................................................................................
1967...........................................................................................................
1968...........................................................................................................
1969...........................................................................................................
63,261
63,958
65,076
66,721
68,300
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.7
2.3
2.2
1.9
2.0
18.9
17.8
16.9
16.1
15.1
18.4
18.3
19.1
17.4
16.9
36.8
37.7
37.7
38.6
39.7
11.0
11.2
12.3
12.8
13.0
12.2
12.5
12.8
13.2
13.4
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.4
12.4
1970............................................................................................................
1971............................................................................................................
1972............................................................................................................
1973............................................................................................................
1974...........................................................................................................
70,186
71,182
76,302
77,903
80,083
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.4
14.4
13.5
12.2
11.0
10.3
16.4
15.8
18.4
17.8
17.4
40.0
40.2
39.5
40.2
39.8
13.9
14.5
14.1
14.6
15.4
13.6
14.4
14.3
14.8
15.7
12.4
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
1975............................................................................................................
1976............................................................................................................
1977............................................................................................................
1978...........................................................................................................
1979............................................................................................................
81,789
83,351
85,820
87,947
90,858
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
9.5
8.6
8.0
7.7
7.1
16.8
16.4
16.3
15.9
15.2
40.2
40.2
40.0
40.1
40.4
15.9
16.5
16.8
17.4
17.8
16.3
17.2
17.6
17.7
18.4
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.7
1980...........................................................................................................
1981...........................................................................................................
1982...........................................................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
92,693
94,303
95,107
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
6.8
6.4
5.8
14.7
14.1
13.7
40.4
41.3
41.5
18.0
18.0
18.0
19.1
19.1
20.0
12.7
12.7
12.7
W H ITE
151
Table 65. Educational attainment of the civilian labor force by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, March,
selected years, 1959-82—Continued
Percent distribution
Sex, race, Hispanic origin, and year
Total 1
(thou
sands)
Elementary
Total
Less
than 5
years 2
High school
5 to 8
years
1 to 3
years
4 years
College
1 to 3
years
4 years
or
more
Median
school
years
com
pleted
Men
1959............................................................................................................
1962............................................................................................................
1964............................. ..............................................................................
39,956
40,503
41,028
100.0
100.0
100.0
4.4
3.8
3.2
26.1
23.4
21.7
20.2
19.3
18.8
28.6
29.9
32.4
9.6
11.0
11.1
11.2
12.6
12.7
11.8
12.1
12.2
1965............................................................................................................
1966............................................................................................................
1967............................................................................................................
1968............................................................................................................
1969...........................................................................................................
41,652
41,706
41,911
42,483
43,111
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.2
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.4
20.7
19.8
18.8
17.9
16.9
18.8
18.7
18.3
17.9
17.4
33.2
33.8
33.9
34.7
35.4
11.0
11.1
12.3
12.7
13.1
13.1
13.7
14.1
14.4
14.7
12.2
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.4
1970............................................................................................................
1971............................................................................................................
1972............................................................................................................
1973............................................................................................................
1974............................................................................................................
43,962
44,541
47,413
48,224
49,008
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.1
2.0
1.9
2.0
1.7
16.2
15.2
13.8
12.5
11.8
16.7
16.1
18.5
17.8
17.3
35.8
36.4
35.7
36.4
36.5
14.1
14.5
14.4
15.0
15.4
15.0
15.8
15.8
16.4
17.2
12.4
12.5
12.4
12.5
12.5
1975............................................................................................................
1976............................................................................................................
1977............................................................................................................
1978............................................................................................................
1979............................................................................................................
49,646
50,154
51,062
52,001
53,051
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.7
1.5
1.6
1.5
1.4
10.7
9.7
9.2
8.9
8.2
16.8
16.4
16.5
16.2
15.3
36.7
36.7
36.3
36.3
36.7
15.9
16.5
16.7
17.2
17.7
18.1
19.0
19.6
19.8
20.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.7
1980............................................................................................................ 53,883
1981............................................................................................................ 54,328
1982............................................................................................................ 54,552
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.3
1.3
1.3
8.0
7.7
6.9
15.2
14.6
14.2
36.6
37.7
38.1
17.8
17.5
17.3
21.0
21.3
22.3
12.7
12.7
12.7
1959............................................................................................................ 18,770
1962........................................................................................................... 19,948
1964........................................................................................................... 21,185
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.2
2.1
1.8
19.5
17.4
16.2
18.5
17.9
17.8
40.7
40.8
43.0
10.4
11.9
11.0
8.6
10.0
10.1
12.2
12.3
12.3
1965...........................................................................................................
1966...........................................................................................................
1967...........................................................................................................
1968...........................................................................................................
1969...........................................................................................................
21,609
22,252
23,165
24,238
25,189
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.7
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
15.3
14.4
13.5
12.8
11.9
17.7
17.5
17.6
16.7
16.2
43.9
45.1
44.7
45.4
46.9
11.0
11.4
12.4
12.9
12.8
10.3
10.3
10.4
10.9
10.9
12.3
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
1970............................................................................................................
1971............................................................................................................
1972............................................................................................................
1973...........................................................................................................
1974...........................................................................................................
26,224
26,641
28,890
29,679
31,075
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
.8
11.3
10.6
9.4
8.5
7.8
15.8
15.3
18.3
17.7
17.4
47.1
46.6
45.9
46.4
45.2
13.6
14.4
13.6
14.0
15.5
11.1
11.9
11.8
12.3
13.3
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
1975...........................................................................................................
1976...........................................................................................................
1977...........................................................................................................
1978...........................................................................................................
1979...........................................................................................................
32,144
33,197
34,758
35,945
37,807
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.7
.8
.7
.7
.8
7.5
6.8
6.2
6.1
5.3
16.9
16.4
16.2
15.7
15.2
45.7
45.3
45.5
45.6
45.5
15.6
16.3
16.6
17.3
17.8
13.6
14.5
14.7
14.7
15.4
12.5
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
1980...........................................................................................................
1981...........................................................................................................
1982...........................................................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
38,810
39,975
40,554
100.0
100.0
100.0
.6
.6
.6
5.0
4.7
4.3
14.0
13.5
13.0
45.8
46.3
46.1
18.2
18.7
18.9
16.3
16.1
17.0
12.7
12.7
12.7
W om en
152
Table 65. Educational attainment of the civilian labor force by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, March,
selected years, 1959-82—Continued
Percent distribution
Sex, race, Hispanic origin, and year
Total1
(thou
sands)
Elementary
Total
Less
than 5
years 2
High school
5 to 8
years
College
1 to 3
years
4 years
1 to 3
years
4 years
or
more
Median
school
years
com
pleted
B LACK A N D OTHER
1959............................................................................................................
1962............................................................................................................
1964...........................................................................................................
7,116
7,537
7,713
100.0
100.0
100.0
17.8
15.4
11.6
35.5
29.8
29.2
21.1
23.2
24.7
16.5
21.0
22.2
4.9
5.7
6.6
4.1
4.8
5.7
9.6
10.1
1965............................................................................................................
1966............................................................................................................
1967............................................................................................................
1968...........................................................................................................
1969...........................................................................................................
7,868
8,000
8,142
8,380
8,453
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
11.8
11.1
10.4
9.5
8.6
25.7
26.7
25.5
23.5
22.6
24.9
24.3
23.6
24.3
24.7
24.4
24.8
27.5
28.3
28.4
6.1
7.1
7.2
7.7
9.0
7.0
5.8
5.8
6.7
6.7
10.5
10.5
10.7
11.8
11.1
1970............................................................................................................
1971............................................................................................................
1972............................................................................................................
1973...........................................................................................................
1974...........................................................................................................
8,769
8,912
9,462
9,953
10,258
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
7.4
6.5
6.0
5.0
5.2
20.6
19.5
18.6
16.4
15.6
24.7
24.4
25.6
24.9
28.7
31.0
32.7
32.4
33.6
34.1
9.0
9.5
9.4
11.0
12.1
7.4
7.4
8.0
9.0
9.3
11.7
11.9
12.0
12.1
12.2
1975...........................................................................................................
1976...........................................................................................................
1977 3 .........................................................................................................
1978............................................................................................................
1979...........................................................................................................
10,369
10,773
9,596
10,124
10,386
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
4.9
4.1
3.7
3.7
3.3
14.0
13.1
13.9
11.8
11.4
23.1
22.6
24.5
24.9
23.2
34.8
36.1
35.6
35.9
37.6
12.4
12.8
13.4
14.9
15.0
10.8
11.3
8.9
8.9
9.0
12.2
12.3
12.2
12.3
12.3
1980...........................................................................................................
1981...........................................................................................................
1982............................................................................................................
10,472
10,894
11,067
100,0
100.0
100.0
2.7
2.3
2.0
9.7
9.5
9.5
23.1
22.4
20.9
39.3
39.6
39.4
16.1
16.9
18.0
9.1
9.3
10.2
12.4
12.4
12.4
1959...........................................................................................................
1962...........................................................................................................
1964...........................................................................................................
4,330
4,508
4,572
100.0
100.0
100.0
22.5
19.3
14.8
35.5
31.2
29.9
20.4
22.2
24.5
13.8
18.3
19.1
4.0
5.4
5.7
3.8
3.6
6.1
8.1
9.0
9.7
1965...........................................................................................................
1966...........................................................................................................
1967...........................................................................................................
1968...........................................................................................................
1969...........................................................................................................
4,606
4,650
4,660
4,772
4,751
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
15.4
14.1
13.2
12.2
10.9
26.4
28.0
27.3
24.0
24.2
24.4
24.3
23.4
25.0
24.7
21.4
21.9
24.4
25.3
25.6
6.0
6.6
6.7
7.6
8.1
6.4
5.1
5.3
6.0
6.5
10.0
10.0
10.2
10.7
10.8
1970............................................................................................................
1971...........................................................................................................
1972...........................................................................................................
1973...........................................................................................................
1974...........................................................................................................
4,929
4,993
5,254
5,480
5,683
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
9.7
9.2
7.9
6.1
6.6
22.7
21.2
20.7
18.9
17.5
24.6
24.5
25.6
25.4
24.0
28.3
29.2
29.2
31.1
31.5
8.0
9.0
8.6
9.9
10.8
6.8
7.0
7.9
8.5
9.5
11.1
11.4
11.5
11.9
12.1
1975...........................................................................................................
1976...........................................................................................................
1977 s .........................................................................................................
1978............................................................................................................
1979............................................................................................................
5,606
5,661
5,100
5,250
5,346
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
6.6
5.7
5.3
5.2
4.4
15.2
15.2
15.7
13.7
13.0
23.8
22.8
24.9
25.3
23.8
31.7
33.4
33.1
33.2
36.5
11.8
12.1
13.5
14.6
13.9
10.8
10.7
7.4
8.0
8.1
12.1
12.2
12.1
12.2
12.2
1980............................................................................................................
1981...........................................................................................................
1982...........................................................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
5,360
5,549
5,666
100.0
100.0
100.0
4.1
3.3
2.8
10.8
10.9
10.7
24.1
24.1
21.9
37.5
37.6
38.2
15.8
15.9
16.9
7.6
8.2
9.5
12.3
12.3
12.4
8.6
Men
1 53
Table 65. Educational attainment of the civilian labor force by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, March,
selected years, 1959-82—Continued
Percent distribution
Sex, race, Hispanic origin, and year
Total 1
(thou
sands)
Elementary
Total
Less
than 5
years 2
High school
5 to 8
years
1 to 3
years
4 years
College
1 to 3
years
4 years
or
more
Median
school
years
com
pleted
W om en
1959............................................................................................................
1962............................................................................................................
1964...........................................................................................................
2,786
3,029
3,141
100.0
100.0
100.0
12.3
9.8
7.0
35.1
27.8
28.2
22.7
24.8
25.1
20.3
24.9
26.6
5.1
6.0
7.8
4.6
6.7
5.3
9.4
10.5
10.8
1965...........................................................................................................
1966...........................................................................................................
1967...........................................................................................................
1968...........................................................................................................
1969...........................................................................................................
3,262
3,350
3,482
3,608
3,702
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
6.7
7.0
6.9
5.9
5.6
24.9
24.9
23.1
22.7
20.7
25.7
24.4
24.2
23.4
24.7
28.6
28.9
31.6
32.3
31.9
6.3
7.9
7.9
7.9
10.1
7.8
6.9
6.4
7.8
7.0
11.1
11.2
11.5
11.7
11.9
1970............................................................................................................
1971............................................................................................................
1972............................................................................................................
1973............................................................................................................
1974............................................................................................................
3,840
3,919
4,208
4,472
4,574
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
4.5
3.1
3.6
3.6
3.3
17.8
17.4
16.0
13.4
13.4
24.8
24.2
25.6
24.2
23.1
34.5
37.1
36.4
36.8
37.4
10.3
10.1
10.3
12.4
13.6
8.1
8.0
8.1
9.5
9.2
12.1
12.1
12.1
12.2
12.3
1975............................................................................................................
1976............................................................................................................
1977 3 .........................................................................................................
1978...........................................................................................................
1979............................................................................................................
4,763
5,113
4,497
4,874
5,041
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.8
2.4
1.8
2.0
2.0
12.7
11.0
11.9
10.2
10.0
22.4
22.2
24.0
24.4
22.3
38.4
38.9
38.3
38.7
38.7
13.1
13.6
13.4
15.1
17.3
10.8
12.1
10.6
9.7
9.8
12.8
12.4
12.3
12.4
12.4
1980............................................................................................................
1981 ............................................................................................................
1982............................................................................................................
5,112
5,346
5,401
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.1
1.3
1.1
8.5
8.0
8.3
22.1
20.6
19.9
41.2
41.6
40.7
16.4
17.9
19.2
10.7
10.5
10.9
12.4
12.5
12.5
1974............................................................................................................
1975............................................................................................................
1976............................................................................................................
1977............................................................................................................
1978............................................................................................................
1979............................................................................................................
3,823
4,038
3,959
4,185
4,683
4,829
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
11.8
10.8
10.5
9.9
9.5
10.1
23.0
22.9
21.3
20.1
21.4
20.7
20.6
20.0
19.8
21.3
20.0
19.0
28.4
28.4
30.8
29.4
29.5
31.0
10.6
11.1
10.9
12.7
13.0
12.6
5.7
6.8
6.6
6.6
6.6
6.4
11.2
11.5
11.8
11.9
11.9
12.0
1980............................................................................................................
1981............................................................................................................
1982............................................................................................................
5,348
5,616
5,916
100.0
100.0
100.0
9.2
8.6
8.5
19.7
20.4
19.9
19.1
19.3
18.1
31.5
30.6
32.0
13.1
13.4
13.6
7.4
7.6
7.9
12.1
12.1
12.1
1974............................................................................................................
1975............................................................................................................
1976...........................................................................................................
1977...........................................................................................................
1978...........................................................................................................
1979...........................................................................................................
2,392
2,521
2,395
2,525
2,819
2,899
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.7
126
11.9
11.9
11.1
12.0
23.5
24.1
22.6
20.8
22.8
22.6
21.2
20.3
20.6
21.9
20.7
19.8
25.4
25.0
26.9
26.2
26.2
26.8
10.4
10.8
10.5
12.2
12.7
12.5
5.8
7.1
7.5
6.9
6.6
6.3
10.8
11.0
11.3
11.4
11.3
11.3
1980...........................................................................................................
1981...........................................................................................................
1982...........................................................................................................
3,259
3,429
3,562
100.0
100.0
100.0
11.0
10.3
10.0
21.3
22.0
21.6
19.7
20.7
18.6
27.8
26.7
28.7
12.8
12.3
13.2
7.4
8.0
7.8
11.7
11.6
12.0
1974...........................................................................................................
1975............................................................................................................
1976...........................................................................................................
1977...........................................................................................................
1978...........................................................................................................
1979...........................................................................................................
1,432
1,518
1,563
1,659
1,864
1,930
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
8.6
7.6
8.1
6.7
7.1
7.3
22.1
20.8
19.3
19.1
19.1
17.9
19.9
19.3
18.6
20.3
19.0
17.9
33.3
34.0
37.0
34.3
34.7
37!4
10.8
11.9
11.7
13.6
13.6
13.0
5.4
6.2
5.1
5.8
6.5
6.5
11.9
12.1
12.1
12.1
12.1
12.2
1980...........................................................................................................
1981...........................................................................................................
1982...........................................................................................................
2,089
2,187
2,354
100.0
100.0
100.0
6.3
6.0
6.2
17.2
18.0
17.3
18.1
17.1
17.4
37.4
36.9
36.8
13.7
15.1
14.2
7.3
7.0
8.0
12.2
12.2
12.2
H ISPA N IC O R IG IN
Men
W om en
1 Data for 1972 forward refer to persons 16 years and over; 18 years and
over for prior years.
2 Includes persons reporting no school years completed.
154
3 Beginning with 1977, data refer to black workers only.
Note: Surveys of educational attainment were not conducted in 1960,
1961, and 1963.
Table 66. Unemployment rates by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, March,
selected years, 1959-82
Elementary
Sex, race,
Hispanic
origin, and
year
Total 1
Less
to 8
than 5 5years
years 2
High school
1 to 3
years
4
years
Col cgc
1 to 3
years
Elementary
Sex, race,
Hispanic
origin, and
year
4
years
or
more
6.2
6.0
5.5
9.5
10.3
8.2
8.1
7.6
7.4
8.5
8.3
7.2
4.8
5.1
4.8
3.5
3.7
4.3
1.4
1.4
1.5
1965.................
1966................
1967
1968
1969
4.7
3.7
36
3.4
3.1
7.1
5.4
5.1
5.2
2.9
5.6
4.8
4.6
4.2
3.8
7.4
5.3
5.5
5.4
4.9
4.1
3.1
3.2
3.1
2.9
3.3
3.0
2.7
2.6
2.5
1.4
1.1
.9
1.0
.9
1970................
1971
197?
197?
1Q74
4.2
58
61
6?
5.3
5.5
65
61
44
4.8
4.8
69
70
64
6.2
6.3
87
10 1
89
9.6
3.9
55
56
46
4.8
3.9
5.6
49
40
4.2
1.5
2.3
25
21
2.0
1975.................
1976
1977................
1978................
1979................
9.2
81
7.9
6.6
6.1
12.9
85
9.4
7.7
7.7
11.6
10 0
10.3
8.5
7.7
15.2
13 6
13.8
12.4
12.2
9.1
82
7.5
6.2
5.8
6.9
63
6.0
4.6
4.3
2.9
2R
3.3
2.5
2.3
1980................
1981................
1982................
6.8
7.9
9.7
9.0
10.5
16.9
9.9
11.9
13.6
13.0
15.3
18.0
6.7
8.1
10.3
5.0
5.1
6.9
2.1
2.4
3.2
1959................
1962................
1964................
6.3
6.0
5.2
9.3
11.0
8.7
8.3
7.9
7.3
8.1
7.8
6.6
4.9
4.8
4.1
3.3
4.0
3.8
1.9
1.4
1.5
1965................
1966................
1967................
1968................
1969.................
4.4
3.4
3.1
3.0
2.6
6.4
5.5
5.0
4.9
2.7
5.7
4.8
4.3
3.7
3.5
6.7
4.9
4.6
4.8
4.2
3.4
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.0
3.1
2.8
2.2
2.3
2.2
1.4
1.0
.7
.7
.9
1970.................
1971.................
1972.................
1973.................
1974.................
3.7
5.5
5.9
4.7
4.8
5.8
6.6
6.1
3.7
4.9
4.2
6.7
6.8
6.2
5.7
5.6
8.0
9.7
8.4
8.9
3.4
5.0
5.4
4.0
4.3
3.8
5.6
4.8
3.9
3.8
1.3
2.0
2.2
1.8
1.8
1975.................
1976.................
1977.................
1978................
1979.................
9.0
7.8
7.5
6.3
5.8
13.5
8.6
9.2
7.4
7.0
11.7
9.7
9.7
8.4
7.1
14.7
13.5
13.4
12.1
11.9
9.1
8.0
7.2
5.9
5.5
6.6
6.3
5.5
4.3
4.3
2.5
2.4
2.8
2.2
1.9
6.8
8.8
1980.................
8.1
11.0
1981.................
See footnotes at end of table.
9.8
11.5
12.8
15.6
6.9
8.8
5.0
5.2
1.8
2.1
MEN
155
Less
to 8
than 5 5years
years 2
1 to 3
years
4
years
College
1 to 3
years
4
years
or
more
10.3
16.7
13.2
19.4
11.3
7.5
3.2
1959.................
1962.................
1964.................
6.0
6.0
6.1
10.4
7.9
6.6
7.8
6.9
7.7
9.3
9.2
8.5
4.7
5.7
5.6
3.8
3.2
5.2
1.3
1.5
1.6
1965.................
1966.................
1967.................
1968................
1969................
5.3
4.1
4.5
4.2
4.0
9.4
4.8
5.5
6.1
3.7
5.4
4.8
5.4
5.5
4.6
8.6
6.1
7.0
6.6
6.2
5.0
3.8
4.1
3.8
3.9
3.6
3.3
3.6
3.0
3.0
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.1
1970.................
1971.................
1972.................
1973.................
1974.................
4.9
6.4
6.5
5.8
6.0
4.5
6.6
6.1
6.1
4.7
6.2
7.3
7.4
6.6
7.2
7.4
9.8
10.7
9.7
10.6
4.6
6.0
5.8
5.3
5.4
4.0
5.7
5.0
4.3
4.7
2.0
2.9
3.1
2.7
• 2.3
1975.................
1976.................
1977.................
1978.................
1979.................
9.5
8.5
8.5
7.0
6.6
10.8
8.2
9.9
8.3
9.6
11.6
10.8
11.4
8.6
9.2
15.9
13.7
14.3
12.9
12.7
9.1
8.4
7.8
6.6
6.1
7.4
6.5
6.8
5.1
4.3
3.6
3.5
4.2
3.0
3.0
1980.................
1981.................
1982.................
6.7
7.6
8.9
9.6
9.1
17.4
10.2
12.7
14.6
13.3
15.0
16.0
6.4
7.4
9.2
4.9
5.0
6.1
2.5
3.0
3.3
5.2
50
43
8.0
93
74
(3)
7.2
4.6
1968
1969
3.3
32
?n
2.8
6.1
44
54
3.2
45
42
4*0
3.6
4*6
4*6
44
?R
29
27
2.6
2.3
1970.................
1971
1972
1973
1974
3.9
55
56
47
48
5.3
7?
59
47
54
4.7
66
65
61
57
5.7
81
92
80
8.7
3.6
51
51
41
4.3
3.7
54
45
36
3.9
1975.................
1976..
1977
1978................
1979................
8.5
7.4
72
5.8
5.4
15.2
8.6
87
76
7.5
10.9
10.0
9.9
8.3
7.4
14.0
12.6
12.7
10 7
10.9
8.4
7.5
68
55
5.0
6.6
5.7
55
41
3.8
2.8
28
1980................
1981................
1982................
6.0
7.0
8.6
8.7
10.0
15.2
9.8
11.7
13.2
11.6
13.5
17.0
5.9
7.2
9.1
4.4
4.4
5.8
1.9
2.3
2.9
1982...............
TO TA L
1959.................
1962.................
1964................
Total 1
High school
W OM EN
W HITE
1962................
1 Qfi4
196^
1966
1967
\f3\I
(3)
\/3 \)
(3 \
(3 \
?6
26
26
(3)
f3\
(3
\
1.0
&
1*0
.9
1.5
? ?
2.5
21
1.8
12
23
2.1
Table 66. Unemployment rates by educational attainment, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, March,
selected years, 1959-82—Continued
Elementary
Sex, race,
Hispanic
origin, and
year
Total 1
Less
than 5 5 to 8
years 2 years
High school
1 to 3
years
4
years
College
1 to 3
years
Sex, race,
Hispanic
origin, and
year
4
years
or
more
BLACK AND
O THER
1 to 3
years
4
years
1 to 3
years
4
years
or
more
8.2
9.1
8.9
10.3
21.6
19.6
12.7
12.6
10.4
8.8
4.7
4.2
1980
1981.................
1982.................
13.4
15.9
18.9
8.5
11.7
23.4
11.6
13.2
16.1
20.5
24.7
24.1
13.1
16.4
20.7
10.8
11.8
15.8
4.4
4.0
8.3
1973.................
1974................
8.1
6.6
6.5
6.7
9.0
10.2
12.2
6.0
7.1
5.7
5.0
5.0
4.8
12 ft
11.4
16.5
9.4
10.9
10.5
8.2
14.2
12.3
11.9
10.0
7.0
18.4
15.5
17.2
14.0
14.6
10.5
11.6
10.0
7.4
8.2
7.9
8.2
8.2
7.3
6.5
3.6
4.4
5.0
7.3
3.6
9.2
11.1
16 2
12.8
14.4
15 4
14.3
17.0
21.8
7.1
9.7
11.4
5.9
6.3
7.1
3.7
2.8
4.9
12.6
7.8
(3)
(3)
15.3
12.5
12.4
10.1
(3 )
(3 )
(3)
(3)
1965.................
1966.................
1967.................
1968.................
1969.................
8.5
7.0
7.3
6.5
5.7
7.8
5.5
6.3
4.9
2.7
(3 )
6.6
6.9
5.7
5.0
13.5
9.7
10.6
9.8
7.6
8.2
7.0
6.5
6.7
6.4
(3)
6.3
5.8
3.9
4.8
(3)
1.9
1.9
1.6
1.2
1970.................
1971.................
1972.................
1973.................
1974.................
6.7
8.8
10.4
8.9
9.3
5.7
5.2
6.6
3.6
3.9
5.3
8.4
9.4
7.5
8.5
9.5
11.8
15.5
13.6
14.7
7.2
8.8
1.4
3.3
2.8
2.3
3.4
197^
1976................
8.8
8.9
6.1
9.0
9.7
8..
6.9
1975.................
1976.................
1977 4..............
14.7
13.1
8.6
8.2
12.2
15.8
10.4
12.0
22.0
19.0
20.0
15.2
14.3
14.4
10.1
12.5
12.5
3.9
3.0
5.0
1980
1981.................
1982................
HISPANIC
O R IG IN
1Q7ft
197Q
1 Data for 1972 forward refer to persons 16 years and over, 18 years and
over for period years.
2 Includes persons reporting no school years completed.
3 Not available.
Less
than 5 5 to 8
years 2 years
College
13.2
12.6
12.1
10.0
14.7
Total 1
High school
1978.................
1979................
1962.................
1964.................
9.6
Elementary
9 5
aj
92
11.2
13.4
4 Beginning with 1977, data refer to black workers only.
Note: Surveys of educational attainment were not conducted in 1960,
1961, and 1963.
1 56
Technical Notes
Employees on Nonagricultural Payrolls
(C o v e r s tables 6 7 -9 3 )
farm workers, and domestic workers in households
are excluded. Government employment covers civil
ian employees only.
Hours and earnings data are derived from reports of
payrolls and hours for production and related workers
in manufacturing and mining; construction workers in
construction; and nonsupervisory employees in the re
maining nonfarm components.
The payroll figures relate to full- and part-time pro
duction, construction, or nonsupervisory workers
who receive pay for any part of the reference period.
They are reported before deduction of any kind; e.g.,
for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insur
ance, withholding tax, bonds, or union dues. Pay for
overtime, holidays, vacations, and sick leave is also
included.
Hours cover hours paid for during the pay period
of reference for production, construction or nonsu
pervisory workers. The hours include hours paid for
holidays and vacations, and for sick leave.
Overtime hours cover premium overtime hours of
production and related workers during the pay
period. Overtime hours are those for which premiums
are paid because the hours were in excess of the
number of hours of the straight-time workday or
workweek.
Indexes o f aggregate weekly hours are prepared by
dividing the current month’s aggregate by the month
ly average for the 1977 period and multiplying that
quotient by 100. The hours aggregates are the prod
uct of average weekly hours and production-worker
employment.
Average hourly earnings are derived by dividing pay
rolls by hours. These averages are on a “gross” basis,
reflecting not only changes in basic hourly and incen
tive wage rates, but also such variable factors as pre
mium pay for overtime and late-shift work, and
changes in output of workers paid on an incentive
plan. The earnings series do not measure the level of
total labor costs on the part of the employer since the
following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive
items, payment of various welfare benefits, payroll
taxes paid by employers, and earnings for those em
ployees not covered under the production worker,
Data from payroll records, submitted voluntarily by
189,000 employers, provide current information on
wage and salary employment, hours, and earnings in
nonagricultural establishments by industry and geo
graphic location. This statistical program is conducted
by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.
The labor turnover program, which collected data
from manufacturing establishments, was discontinued
in March 1982 with data for 1981.
For complete historical data, see Employment and
Earnings, United States, 1909-78, Bulletin 1312-11,
and Employment and Earnings, States and Areas, 193978, Bulletin 1370-13, and their supplements.
Collection
Form BLS 790 (Report on Employment, Payroll,
and Hours) is the name of the data collection sched
ule. It is of the “shuttle” type, with spaces for each
month of the calendar year. The cooperating State
agencies mail the reporting forms to the participating
establishments each month, use the information to
prepare State and area estimates, and then send the
data to BLS in Washington for use in preparing na
tional series.
Form BLS 790 provides for reporting of data on
the number of full- and part-time workers for the pay
period which includes the 12th of the month. For the
same period in most industries, it also provides for re
porting data on payroll and hours of production and
related workers, or nonsupervisory workers.
Concepts and definitions
Industrial classification of all data on employment,
hours, and earnings for the Nation and for States and
areas are in accordance with the 1972 Standard Indus
trial Classification Manual, Office of Management and
Budget.
Employment data refer to persons on establishment
payrolls who receive pay for any part of the refer
ence pay period, and include workers on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm),
on paid holiday or paid vacation, and those who
work during a part of the pay period and are unem
ployed or on strike during the rest of the period. Pro
prietors, the self-employed, unpaid family workers,
1 57
construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee
definition.
The Hourly Earnings Index is calculated from the
average hourly earnings series. It adjusts these data to
exclude the effects of two types of change unrelated
to underlying wage-rate movements: Fluctuations in
overtime in manufacturing (the only sector for which
overtime data are available) and interindustry employ
ment shifts.
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime in manu
facturing are computed by dividing the total produc
tion-worker payroll for the industry group by the sum
of total production-worker hours and one-half of total
overtime hours, which is equivalent to payrolls divid
ed by straight-time hours. This method assumes that
overtime earnings are paid at one and one-half times
the straight-time rates; no adjustment is made for
other types of premium payments.
Average weekly earnings are obtained by multiplying
average weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in
gross average hourly earnings, but also by changes in
the length of the workweek, part-time work, stop
pages for varying causes, labor turnover, and absen
teeism.
Spendable average earnings in current dollars were
obtained by deducting estimated Federal social secu
rity and income taxes from gross weekly earnings.
The amount of tax liability depended on the depend
ents supported by the worker and his marital status,
as well as on the level of his gross income. The com
putation and publication of the spendable earnings
series was discontinued in March 1982 with 1981 data.
Real earnings are calculated from earning averages
for the current month using a deflator derived from
the Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners
and Clerical Workers. The base period is 1977.
Benchmark adjustments
Periodically, the industry employment series are ad
justed to recent benchmarks (comprehensive counts of
employment) to improve their accuracy. These adjust
ments may also affect the hours and earnings series
since employment levels are used as weights. Industry
data for all national series in this edition of the Hand
book have been adjusted to March 1982 benchmarks.
Consequently, data from April 1982 forward are sub
ject to revision at the time of the next benchmark ad
justment. Data shown for the individual States are
also subject to revision at the time the cooperating
State agencies adjust their series to later benchmarks.
Comparability with other series
Total employment in nonagricultural establishments
from the payroll survey is not directly comparable
with the Bureau’s estimates of nonagricultural em
ployment obtained from the monthly household
survey (Current Population Survey). The household
survey, a count of persons, includes the self-em
ployed, unpaid family workers, and private household
workers. The payroll series, in contrast, is a count of
jobs and workers. Thus, the multiple jobholder,
counted only once in the household survey, would be
counted once for each job by the payroll survey. Em
ployment estimates developed by quinquennial cen
suses may differ from payroll estimates due, primarily,
to the reporting practices of multiproduct establish
ments, and administrative handling of central offices
and auxiliary units.
For a more detailed description of this program, see
chapter 2, “Employment, Hours, and Earnings from
the Establishment Survey,” of the BLS Handbook of
Methods, BLS Bulletin 2134-1.
158
Table 67. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, selected years, 1919-82
[In thousands]
Service-producing
Goods-producing
Manufacturing
Year
Total
Total
Min
ing
Con
struction
Total
Dura
ble
goods
1919....
1920....
1925....
1930....
27,078
27,340
28,766
29,409
12,828
12,760
12,489
11,958
1,133
1,239
1,089
1,009
1935....
1940....
1945....
1950....
1955....
27,039
32,361
40,374
45,197
50,641
10,893
13,221
17,507
18,506
20,513
897
925
836
901
792
927
1,311
1,147
2,364
2,839
9,069
10,985
15,524
15,241
16,882
_
5,363
9,074
8,094
9,541
1960....
1961....
1962....
1963....
1964....
54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
712
672
650
635
634
2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
1965....
1966....
1967....
1968....
1969....
60,765
63,901
65,803
67,897
70,384
21,926
23,158
23,308
23,737
24,361
632
627
613
606
619
3,232
3,317
3,248
3,350
3,575
1970....
1971....
1972....
1973....
1974....
70,880
71,214
73,675
76,790
78,265
23,578
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
623
609
628
642
697
1975....
1976....
1977....
1978....
1979....
76,945
79,382
82,471
86,697
89,823
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,585
26,461
752
779
813
851
958
1980.... 90,406 25,658 1,027
1981.... 91,156 25,497 1,139
1982.... 89,596 23,907 1,143
Total
Total
2,676
2,603
2,800
3,148
526
2,622
_
1,835
1,949
2,635
2,926
_
4,914
5,365
6,751
7,610
1,320
1,485
1,481
1,888
2,298
3,128
3,665
4,222
5,357
6,240
3,481
753
4,202
996
5,944 2,808
6,026 1,928
6,914 2,187
2,728
3,206
3,137
4,098
4,727
11,391
11,337
11,566
11,778
12,160
3,143
3,133
3,198
3,248
3,337
8,248
8,204
8,368
8,530
8,823
2,629
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
7,378
7,620
7,982
8,277
8,660
8,353
8,594
8,890
9,225
9,596
2,270
2,279
2,340
2,358
2,348
6,083
6,315
6,550
6,868
7,248
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442
12,716
13,245
13,606
14,099
14,705
3,466 9,250
3,597 0,648
3,689 9,917
3,779 10,320
3,907 10,798
2,977 9,036 10,074 2,378
3,058 9,498 10,784 2,564
3,185 10,045 11,391 2,719
3,337 10,567 11,839 2,737
3,512 11,169 12,195 2,758
7,696
8,220
8,672
9,102
9,437
47,302
48,278
50,007
51,897
53,471
4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
15,040
15,352
15,949
16,607
16,987
3,993
4,001
4,113
4,277
4,433
11,047
11,351
11,836
12,329
12,554
3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
12,554
12,881
13,334
13,732
14,170
2,731
2,696
2,684
2,663
2,724
9,823
10,185
10,649
11,068
11,446
54,345
56,030
58,125
61,113
63,363
4,542
4,582
4,713
4,923
5,136
17,060
17,755
18,516
19,542
20,192
4,415
4,546
4,708
4,969
5,204
12,645
13,209
13,808
14,573
14,989
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,724
4,975
13,892
14,551
15,303
16,252
17,112
14,686
14,871
15,127
15,672
15,947
2,748
2,733
2,727
2,753
2,773
11,937
12,138
12,399
12,919
13,174
7,337
7,256
7,373
7,380
7,458
33,755
34,142
35,098
36,013
37,278
4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
18,062
19,214
19,447
19,781
20,167
10,405
11,282
11,439
11,626
11,895
7,656
7,930
8,007
8,155
8,272
38,839
40,743
42,495
44,160
46,023
3,588
3,704
3,889
4,097
4,020
19,367
18,623
19,151
20,154
20,077
11,208
10,636
11,049
11,891
11,925
8,158
7,987
8,102
8,262
8,152
3,525
3,576
3,851
4,229
4,463
18,323
18,997
19,682
20,505
21,040
10,688
11,077
11,597
12,274
12,760
7,635
7,920
8,086
8,231
8,280
4,346 20,285 12,187
4,188 20,170 12,109
3,911 18,853 11,100
1959.
___
State
and
local
2,253
2,352
2,857
3,361
9,459
9,070
9,480
9,616
9,816
—
Fed
eral
1,096
1,160
1,218
1,460
2,786 5,431
3,038 6,750
3,906 7,314
4,034 9,386
4,141 10,535
—
Total
—
—
16,175
17,304
20,920
26,690
30,128
—
Serv
ices
—
5,622
6,450
7,147
7,341
—
—
Retail
—
3,711
3,998
3,826
3,685
—
Whole
sale
Government
Fi
nance,
insur
ance,
and
real
estate
—
14,275
14,605
16,304
17,481
1,036 10,659
863 10,658
1,461 9,939
1,387 9,562
N o t e : Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in
data are not available.
Non
durable
goods
Transportation
and
public
utilities
Wholesale and retail
trade
8,098 64,748
8,061 65,659
7,753 65,689
Dash indicates
159
4,514
4,467
5,576
5,797
5,146 20,310
5,165 20,547
5,081 20,401
—
5,275 15,035
5,358 15,189
5,280 15,122
—
—
—
—
5,160 17,890 16,241 2,866 13,375
5,298 18,619 16,031 2,772 13,259
5,340 19,064 15,803 2,739 13,064
Table 68. Employees on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group, selected years, 1939-82
[In thousands]
Durable goods
Year
Total
Lumber
and
wood
products
1939..................
1940..................
1945..................
1950..................
1955..................
4,715
5,363
9,074
8,094
9,541
837
771.1
1960..................
1961..................
1962..................
1963..................
1964.................
9,459
9,070
9,480
9,616
9,816
1965..................
1966.................
1967.................
1968..................
1969..................
Furniture
and
fixtures
Stone,
clay, and
glass
industries
Primary
metal
indus
tries
Fabricat
ed metal
products
Machinery
except
electrical
Electric
and
electron
ic
equip
ment
Transporta
tion
equipment
435
487
967
967
1,226.8
644
833
2,544
1,266
1,893.8
283
381.8
400
396.2
Instruments
and related
products
Miscella
neous
manufactur
ing industries
_
346
346.5
370
387
407
547
588.4
1,194
1,266.9
1,043
1,221.2
588
701
1,307
1,210
1,448.5
659.9
614.4
624.0
631.0
647.1
364.9
350.0
366.8
371.3
386.5
604.0
582.0
592.3
600.8
613.8
1,184.8
1,100.1
1,120.9
1,127.3
1,187.8
1,230.4
1,181.3
1,237.9
1,263.9
1,295.3
1,479.0
1,418.6
1,493.2
1,529.3
1,609.6
1,442.3
1,443.4
1,531.2
1,515.0
1,503.7
1,685.7
1,590.9
1,700.5
1,766.9
1,751.3
418.7
410.9
423.7
423.4
424.3
389.9
378.2
389.6
386.8
397.6
10,405
11,282
11,439
11,626
11,895
654.0
665.5
649.1
661.3
677.7
410.2
439.6
434.1
449.5
461.3
628.3
644.2
628.3
635.5
656.4
1,252.8
1,296.5
1,267.0
1,261.0
1,305.0
1,372.3
1,489.2
1,556.6
1,609.6
1,665.6
1,735.3
1,910.0
1,969.6
1,965.9
2,032.6
1,615.2
1,856.2
1,907.2
1,924.5
1,966.0
1,872.6
2,052.3
2,080.0
2,155.3
2,142.3
445.2
495.2
518.8
529.6
547.3
419.5
433.7
428.4
433.4
441.0
1970..................
1971..................
1972..................
1973..................
1974..................
11,208
10,636
11,049
11,891
11,925
645.5
668.9
725.6
759.2
712.3
439.9
443.6
483.3
506.8
489.3
643.8
644.7
678.1
715.7
707.7
1,260.4
1,171.0
1,173.3
1,259.1
1,288.8
1,560.0
1,480.1
1,546.7
1,651.1
1,638.5
1,983.6
1,815.2
1,889.0
2,089.0
2,208.1
1,870.5
1,744.3
1,813.4
1,969.5
1,967.9
1,853.3
1,761.3
1,790.3
1,929.3
1,868.3
526.8
494.9
516.0
557.3
592.2
425.7
411.7
433.3
454.4
452.0
1975..................
1976..................
1977..................
1978..................
1979..................
10,688
11,077
11,597
12,274
12,760
614.7
679.6
721.9
754.7
766.9
416.9
444.3
464.3
494.1
497.8
629.0
644.4
668.7
698.2
708.7
1,139.0
1,154.9
1,181.6
1,214.9
1,253.9
1,458.3
1,510.9
1,582.8
1,672.6
1,717.7
2,056.8
2,065.2
2,174.7
2,325.5
2,484.8
1,701.6
1,774.3
1,878.0
2,006.1
2,116.9
1,715.0
1,798.7
1,871.5
2,002.8
2,077.2
550.1
575.3
615.1
653.1
691.2
406.8
429.1
438.4
451.5
444.8
1980..................
1981..................
1982..................
12,187
12,109
11,100
690.5
666.2
603.4
465.8
464.3
433.4
662.1
637.9
577.8
1,142.2
1,122.4
922.2
1,613.1
1,590.0
1,434.9
2,494.0
2,498.3
2,266.7
2,090.6
2,093.7
2,015.5
1,899.7
1,897.9
1,744.3
711.3
730.1
715.8
418.0
408.3
385.7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
See footnote at end of table.
160
—
—
—
—
Table 68. Employees on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group, selected years, 1939-82
Continued
[In thousands]
Nondurable goods
Year
Total
Food and
kindred
products
Tobacco
manufac
tures
Textile
mill
products
Apparel
and other
textile
products
Paper
and allied
products
924
929
1,060
1,202
1,219.2
320
333
391
485
550.0
Leather
and
leather
products
Chemicals
and allied
products
Petro
leum and
coal
products
Rubber and
miscellaneous
plastics
products
569
570
577
748
834.7
371
399
668
640
773.1
139
146
186
218
237.1
163
176
284
311
363.3
386
374
358
395
385.9
Printing
and
publish
ing
1939..................
1940.................
1945..................
1950.................
1955.................
5,564
5,622
6,450
7,147
7,341
1,393
1,414
1,691
1,790
1,824.7
103
102.5
1,193
1,176
1,139
1,256
1,050.2
I960.................
1961.................
1962.................
1963.................
1964..................
7,337
7,256
7,373
7,380
7,458
1 790.0
1775.2
1,763.0
1,752.0
1,750.4
94.0
90.7
90.5
88.6
90.2
924.4
893.4
902.3
885.4
892.0
1,233.2
1,214.5
1,263.7
1,282.8
1,302.5
601.1
601.3
614.4
618.5
625.5
911.3
917.3
926.4
930.6
951.5
828.2
828.2
848.5
865.3
878.6
211.9
201.9
195.3
188.7
183.9
379.0
375.3
408.4
418.5
436.0
363.4
358.2
360.7
349.2
347.6
1965.................
1966.................
1967.................
1968.................
1969.................
7,656
7,930
8,007
8,155
8,272
1,756.7
1,777.2
1,786.3
T.781.5
1,790.8
86.8
84.3
86.5
84.6
83.0
925.6
963.5
958.5
993.9
1,002.5
1,354.2
1,401.9
1,397.5
1,405.8
1,409.1
639.1
666.9
679.1
691.2
711.1
979.4
1,016.9
1,047.8
1,065.1
1,093.6
907.8
961.4
1,001.4
1,029.9
1,059.9
182.9
184.2
183.2
186.8
182.3
470.8
510.7
516.4
561.3
596.3
352.9
363.6
350.9
355.2
343.2
1970..................
1971..................
1972.................
1973..................
1974..................
8,158
7,987
8,102
8,262
8,152
1,786.2
1,765.6
1,745.2
1,714.8
1,706.7
82.9
77.1
74.9
77.5
77.1
974.8
954.7
985.7
1,009.8
965.0
1,363.8
1,342.6
1,382.7
1,438.1
1,362.6
705.5
681.9
688.9
704.6
706.1
1,104.3
1,080.5
1,094.0
1,110.7
1,111.3
1,049.3
1,010.7
1,009.2
1,037.6
1,060.5
191.2
194.2
195.4
192.9
197.0
580.1
580.5
630.1
692.2
694.7
319.5
299.1
296.0
284.0
271.1
1975..................
1976.................
1977.................
1978.................
1979.................
7,635
7,920
8,086
8,231
8,280
1,657.5
1,688.9
1,711.0
T724.1
1,732.5
75.5
76.6
70.7
70.6
70.0
867.9
918.8
910.2
899.1
885.1
1,243.3
1,318.1
1,316.3
1,332.3
1,304.3
642.0
675.5
691.6
698.7
706.8
1,083.4
1,099.2
1,141.4
1,192.0
1,235.1
1,014.7
1,042.5
1,073.7
1,095.5
1,109.3
194.4
198.5
202.3
207.7
209.8
608.1
639.5
713.5
754.5
781.6
248.2
262.7
254.8
256.8
245.7
1980..................
1981..................
1982..................
8,098
8,061
7,753
1,708.0
1,671.1
1,638.3
68.9
70.4
67.6
847.7
823.0
750.1
1,263.5
1,244.4
1,163.7
692.8
688.5
662.0
1,252.1
1,266.3
1,268.9
1,107.4
1,109.0
1,079.0
197.9
214.0
201.1
726.8
736.6
700.8
232.9
237.7
221.4
—
—
N o t e : Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. Dash indicates
data are not available.
/
161
Table 69. Production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
division, selected years, 1939-82
[In thousands]
Manufacturing
Year
Total
private
Mining
—
—
—
—
—
Construc
tion
Total
Transportation and
public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance,
insur
ance,
and real
estate 2
Services
Durable
goods
Nondura
ble goods
3,895
4,477
7,541
6,705
7,548
4,423
4,463
5,468
5,817
5,740
—
—
—
—
—
—
8,742
9,675
—
—
2,382
2,574
—
—
6,375
7,117
—
—
1,565
1,889
—
—
Total
Whole
sale
Retail
1939.................
1940..................
1945..................
1950.................
1955..................
—
34,349
37,500
816
680
2,101
2,477
8,318
8,940
13,009
12,523
13,288
1960..................
1961.................
1962..................
1963.................
1964.................
38,516
37,989
38,979
39,553
40,560
570
532
512
498
497
2,497
2,426
2,500
2,562
2,637
12,586
12,083
12,488
12,555
12,781
7,028
6,618
6,935
7,027
7,213
5,558
5,465
5,553
5,527
5,569
_
—
—
—
3,490
10,315
10,234
10,400
10,560
10,869
2,705
2,684
2,726
2,758
2,823
7,627
7,567
7,691
7,820
8,046
2,145
2,189
2,237
2,291
2,347
—
—
—
7,939
1965..................
1966.................
1967..................
1968..................
1969.................
42,278
44,249
45,137
46,473
48,208
494
487
469
461
472
2,749
2,818
2,741
2,822
3,012
13,434
14,296
14,308
14,514
14,767
7,715
8,369
8,364
8,457
8,651
5,719
5,926
5,944
6,056
6,116
3,561
3,638
3,718
3,757
3,863
11,358
11,820
12,121
12,542
13,094
2,922
3,023
3,085
3,153
3,260
8,436
8,797
9,037
9,389
9,834
2,388
2,442
2,534
2,651
2,797
8,295
8,749
9,246
9,727
10,205
1970..................
1971..................
1972.................
1973.................
1974.................
48,156
48,148
49,937
52,201
52,809
473
455
475
486
530
2,990
3,071
3,257
3,405
3,294
14,044
13,544
14,045
14,834
14,638
8,055
7,664
8,051
8,728
8,662
5,989
5,880
5,993
6,107
5,976
3,914
3,872
3,943
4,034
4,079
13,375
13,615
14,135
14,715
14,999
3,329
3,315
3,405
3,547
3,670
10,046
10,300
10,729
11,168
11,329
2,879
2,937
3,024
3,121
3,169
10,481
10,655
11,059
11,606
12,100
1975..................
1976.................
1977..................
1978..................
1979..................
50,991
52,897
55,179
58,156
60,367
571
592
618
638
719
2,808
2,814
3,021
3,354
3,565
13,043
13,638
14,135
14,734
15,068
7,557
7,914
8,307
8,805
9,110
5,485
5,724
5,828
5,929
5,958
3,894
3,918
4,008
4,142
4,299
15,023
15,649
16,316
17,219
17,748
3,637
3,746
3,878
4,094
4,274
11,387
11,904
12,438
13,125
13,474
3,173
3,243
3,397
3,593
3,776
12,479
13,043
13,683
14,476
15,193
1980.................
1981.................
1982.................
60,331
60,927
59,566
762
841
831
3,421
3,261
3,004
14,214
14,020
12,790
8,442
8,294
7,350
5,772
5,727
5,440
4,293
4,283
4,194
17,812
17,958
17,827
4,312
4,360
4,268
13,500
13,598
13,559
3,907
3,999
3,994
15,921
16,565
16,926
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; con
struction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transporta
tion and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and
real estate; and services.
—
—
_
2 Excludes nonoffice salespersons.
Note: Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. Dash indicates
data are not available.
162
Table 70. Production workers on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group, selected years,
1929-82
[In thousands]
Durable goods
Year
Total
Lumber
and
wood
products
Furniture
and
fixtures
Stone,
clay, and
glass
products
—
—
353
301
Fabricat
ed metal
products
Machinery,
except
electrical
Electric
and
electron
ic
equip
ment
Transporta
tion
equipment
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Primary
metal
indus
tries
Instruments
and related
products
Miscella
neous
manufactur
ing industries
1929..................
1930..................
—
1935.................
1940.................
1945..................
1950..................
1955..................
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
—
770
698.4
—
—
302
292.6
251
329
353
473
495.6
_
4,477
7,541
6,705
7,548
—
—
1,031
1,069.4
—
—
862
974.5
550
1,042
929
1,069.2
366
733
752
912.9
_
718
2,079
1,027
1,433.0
_
—
—
216
271.7
_
—
—
344
330.4
1960..................
1961..................
1962.................
1963.’.................
1964.................
7,028
6,618
6,935
7,027
7,213
587.9
543.8
554.7
557.7
566.6
303.5
289.5
304.5
308.7
320.9
491.8
469.4
477.7
483.9
493.8
956.9
880.8
901.5
911.7
967.1
944.1
897.3
945.6
966.1
993.0
1,035.9
976.4
1,037.8
1,059.2
1,120.4
975.1
956.0
1,023.3
1,006.4
1,008.9
1,146.6
1,040.0
1,108.0
1,154.9
1,156.8
271.8
261.3
268.8
268.4
267.5
314.3
303.5
313.2
310.4
317.9
1965.................
1966.................
1967.................
1968.................
1969.................
7,715
8,369
8,364
8,457
8,651
570.7
578.1
561.1
571.1
584.2
340.3
364.4
357.6
371.5
382.9
504.6
517.3
499.9
508.9
526.4
1,022.7
1,055.5
1,015.7
1,002.6
1,042.2
1,060.2
1,159.6
1,205.7
1,244.4
1,284.6
1,214.8
1,343.6
1,368.8
1,342.5
1,382.2
1,110.3
1,288.6
1,286.1
1,284.6
1,310.8
1,272.5
1,399.9
1,405.6
1,465.2
1,458.4
283.3
316.4
325.1
326.1
336.1
335.5
346.1
338.3
340.4
344.6
1970..................
1971.................
1972..................
1973.................
1974..................
8,055
7,664
8,051
8,728
8,662
553.9
579.3
627.2
654.9
608.1
362.4
364.5
400.4
420.0
401.9
512.1
512.7
544.4
576.4
569.3
999.7
923.3
932.9
1,010.5
1,029.5
1,189.6
1,129.0
1,190.1
1,277.7
1,257.0
1,322.9
1,182.3
1,245.1
1,401.7
1,481.3
1,233.5
1,152.6
1,219.8
1,344.3
1,321.3
1,235.5
1,208.6
1,238.6
1,338.0
1,269.5
317.1
294.2
312.9
347.6
370.3
328.7
317.6
339.9
356.4
353.8
1975..................
1976..................
1977..................
1978..................
1979..................
7,557
7,914
8,307
8,805
9,110
516.9
576.3
616.3
646.6
653.6
337.3
364.0
381.8
406.3
405.9
499.2
513.5
532.9
554.3
558.7
886.6
904.4
922.1
954.3
986.4
1,090.4
1,139.0
1,198.2
1,270.0
1,298.9
1,339.3
1,339.9
1,422.0
1,526.4
1,634.3
1,091.2
1,159.9
1,233.2
1,317.9
1,388.1
1,153.7
1,235.3
1,290.4
1,383.9
1,423.3
332.2
352.7
375.5
400.3
421.6
310.6
328.7
334.2
344.5
338.8
1980..................
1981.................
1982..................
8,442
8,294
7,350
577.7
553.1
493.8
375.8
373.8
342.8
513.1
490.7
437.3
877.6
861.9
683.6
1,195.1
1,171.2
1,033.6
1,602.3
1,580.5
1,368.0
1,328.4
1,311.0
1,216.6
1,233.1
1,219.5
1,085.3
425.5
430.1
410.2
313.1
302.1
279.0
See footnote at end of table.
1 63
Table 70. Production workers on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group, selected years,
1929-82—Continued
[In thousands]
Nondurable goods
Year
Food and
kindred
products
Total
Tobacco
manufac
tures
Textile
mill
products
Apparel
and other
textile
products
Paper
and allied
products
1,145
991
643
594
235
224
—
Printing
and
publish
ing
Chemicals
and allied
products
Rubber and
miscellaneous
plastics
products
Leather
and
leather
products
—
—
335
310
Petro
leum and
coal
products
1929..................
1930..................
—
1935..................
1940..................
1945.................
1950..................
1955.................
902
1,003
1,380
1,331
1,291.7
680
819
973
1,080
1,086.4
231
279
345
416
453.5
_
_
—
—
95
94.4
1,089
1,090
1,074
1,169
961.6
_
4,463
5,468
5,817
5,740
321
381
494
539.0
274
518
461
518.1
105
148
165
163.2
_
142
235
252
288.3
327
337
325
355
344.0
1960..................
1961..................
1962.................
1963.................
1964.................
5,558
5,465
5,553
5,527
5,569
1,211.8
1,191.1
1,178.4
1,167.1
1,157.3
83.3
79.6
78.7
76.6
78.4
835.1
805.0
812.1
793.4
798.2
1,098.2
1,079.6
1,122.9
1,138.0
1,158.3
479.7
478.0
486.0
486.4
488.8
588.9
591.7
594.5
590.3
602.1
509.9
505.0
519.3
525.3
529.4
137.9
129.9
125.5
119.9
114.2
292.8
288.3
316.5
322.7
336.3
320.9
316.4
318.9
307.8
305.5
1965..................
1966..................
1967..................
1968.................
1969..................
5,719
5,926
5,944
6,056
6,116
1,159.1
1,180.0
1,187.3
1,191.6
1,201.8
74.8
71.8
73.9
71.9
69.6
826.7
858.8
850.2
880.7
884.0
1,205.6
1,245.7
1,237.2
1,240.1
1,237.9
497.7
518.2
526.3
536.2
550.6
620.6
646.4
661.6
667.0
681.7
546.1
574.3
592.3
609.9
621.9
112.9
114.7
114.7
118.0
112.2
365.9
397.8
397.0
434.5
461.7
310.0
318.5
303.7
306.3
294.4
1970..................
1971..................
1972..................
1973..................
1974..................
5,989
5,880
5,993
6,107
5,976
1,206.9
1,203.2
1,191.8
1,166.8
1,163.6
69.0
63.4
62.2
64.8
63.8
855.0
837.2
866.6
886.2
842.6
1,196.4
1,177.5
1,208.0
1,249.7
1,174.9
543.2
521.8
531.6
543.1
544.3
679.0
658.0
664.2
669.6
660.4
604.0
587.8
592.8
610.5
623.0
118.2
124.1
125.1
123.9
126.1
444.0
450.0
494.6
547.1
544.7
273.4
257.1
256.4
245.0
232.3
1975..................
1976.................
1977.................
1978..................
1979..................
5,485
5,724
5,828
5,929
5,958
1,120.3
1,145.1
1,161.0
1,173.9
1,190.8
62.4
63.6
57.0
56.2
55.5
752.4
800.4
792.3
783.1
770.9
1,066.6
1,134.3
1,129.4
1,144.6
1,116.8
479.7
508.3
518.2
524.7
535.6
624.0
624.7
646.5
671.9
697.2
579.6
600.1
616.0
627.6
633.3
123.0
127.8
131.3
135.5
137.1
464.7
492.9
558.1
591.2
611.8
212.6
227.0
218.4
220.4
209.1
1980..................
1981..................
1982.................
5,772
5,727
5,440
1,174.6
1,149.5
1,126.9
53.6
54.7
52.6
736.9
712.5
642 6
1,079.4
1,059.5
983.8
522.7
518.4
493.4
698.9
699.3
698.1
625.8
628.3
601.0
124.7
133.9
120.1
559.4
569.2
536.5
196.6
201.1
185.1
—
835
811
—
_
N o t e : Data Include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. Dash indicates
data are not available.
164
—
Table 71. Nonproduction worker employment and ratios of nonproduction worker employment to
total employment by major manufacturing industry group, 1939-82
Durable goods
Manufac
turing 1
Total
1939................................................
1940................................................
1941................................................
1942................................................
1943................................................
1944................................................
1,960
2,045
2,176
2,284
2,455
2,588
820
886
1,021
1,234
1,536
1,659
1945................................................
1946................................................
1947................................................
1948................................................
1949................................................
2,515
2,429
2,555
2,672
2,651
1950................................................
1951................................................
1952................................................
1953................................................
1954................................................
Category and year
Lum
ber
and
wood
prod
ucts
Furni
ture
and
fixtures
Stone,
clay,
and
glass
products
Primary
metal
indus
tries
—
—
—
—
59
58
60
54
48
50
—
—
Instru
ments
and
related
prod
ucts
Miscel
laneous
manu
facturing
indus
tries
Fabri
cated
metal
prod
ucts
Ma
chinery,
except
electri
cal
Electric
and
elec
tronic
equip
ment
Trans
portation
equip
ment
—
138
151
179
213
247
249
115
121
140
155
179
215
99
115
164
302
548
637
—
—
—
—
265
283
288
298
282
234
219
218
223
217
465
248
237
243
235
—
—
62
65
66
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
54
57
58
N O N P RO DU C TIO N W ORKERS
(In thousands)
—
—
1,533
1,330
1,357
1,401
1,367
—
—
—
—
—
66
65
65
—
—
—
—
—
38
39
40
2,718
3,025
3,273
3,494
3,497
1,389
1,609
1,799
1,956
1,935
67
73.2
75.3
75.9
72.6
1955................................................
1956................................................
1957................................................
1958................................................
1959................................................
3,594
3,807
3,985
3,948
4,072
1,993
2,164
2,305
2,250
2,340
1960................................................
1961................................................
1962................................................
1963................................................
1964................................................
4,210
4,243
4,365
4,440
4,493
1965................................................
1966................................................
1967................................................
1968................................................
1969................................................
—
—
—
—
—
—
54
62
66
70
71
—
—
—
—
—
157
162
159
—
—
—
—
—
172
180
176
44
47.5
48.8
51.3
51.4
74
79.9
84.2
87.7
88.3
163
180.8
188.7
201.2
192.5
181
210.0
229.5
248.9
242.4
281
326.9
353.5
371.5
371.5
215
241.6
272.9
301.7
303.6
239
308.2
391.7
451.3
443.2
67
81.1
92.9
102.8
106.5
56
59.9
61.2
64.2
64.1
72.7
74.8
73.2
71.3
72.8
53.9
57.1
58.3
59.0
60.8
92.8
98.3
102.6
104.5
107.8
197.5
213.8
227.0
215.7
219.0
246.7
262.5
277.9
277.3
279.0
379.3
413.1
442.8
416.9
424.9
313.9
344.5
382.3
390.6
425.6
460.8
510.3
538.9
511.0
536.3
110.1
120.2
130.1
130.8
138.9
65.8
69.9
71.9
73.5
74.8
2,431
2,452
2,545
2,589
2,603
72.0
70.6
69.3
73.3
80.5
61.4
60.5
62.3
62.6
65.6
112.2
112.6
114.6
116.9
120.0
227.9
219.3
219.4
215.6
220.7
286.3
284.0
292.3
297.8
302.3
443.1
442.2
455.4
470.1
489.2
467.2
487.4
507.9
508.6
494.8
539.1
550.9
592.5
612.0
594.5
146.9
149.6
154.9
155.0
156.8
75.6
74.7
76.4
76.4
79.7
4,628
4,918
5,139
5,267
5,400
2,690
2,913
3,075
3,169
3,244
83.3
87.4
88.0
90.2
93.5
69.9
75.2
76.5
78.0
78.4
123.7
126.9
128.4
126.6
130.0
230.1
241.0
251.3
258.4
262.8
312.1
329.6
350.9
365.2
381.0
520.5
566.4
600.8
623.4
650.4
504.9
567.6
621.1
639.9
655.2
600.1
652.4
674.4
690.1
683.9
161.9
178.8
193.7
203.5
211.2
84.0
87.6
90.1
93.0
96.4
1970................................................
1971................................................
1972................................................
1973................................................
1974................................................
5,323
5,079
5,106
5,320
5,439
3,153
2,972
2,998
3,163
3,263
91.6
89.6
98.4
104.3
104.2
77.5
79.1
82.9
86.8
87.4
131.7
132.0
133.7
139.3
138.4
260.7
247.7
240.4
248.6
259.3
370.4
351.1
356.6
373.4
381.5
660.7
632.9
643.9
687.3
726.8
637.0
591.7
593.6
625.2
646.6
617.8
552.7
551.7
591.3
598.8
209.7
200.7
203.1
209.7
221.9
97.0
94.1
93.4
98.0
98.2
1975................................................
1976................................................
1977................................................
1978................................................
1979................................................
5,280
5,359
5,547
5,771
5,972
3,131
3,163
3,290
3,469
3,650
97.8
103.3
105.6
108.1
113.3
79.6
80.3
82.5
87.8
91.9
129.8
130.9
135.8
143.9
150.0
252.4
250.5
259.5
260.6
267.5
367.9
371.9
384.6
402.6
418.8
717.5
725.3
752.7
799.1
850.5
610.4
614.4
644.8
688.2
728.8
561.3
563.4
581.1
618.9
653.9
217.9
222.6
239.6
252.8
269.6
96.2
100.4
104.2
107.0
106.0
1980................................................
1981................................................
1982................................................
6,071
6,150
6,063
3,745
3,815
3,750
112.8
113.1
109.6
90.0
90.5
90.6
149.0
147.2
140.5
264.6
260.5
238.6
418.0
418.8
401.3
891.7
917.8
898.7
762.2
782.7
798.9
666.6
678.4
659.0
285.8
300.0
305.6
104.9
106.2
106.7
See footnotes at end of table.
165
Table 71. Nonproduction worker employment and ratios of nonproduction worker employment to
total employment by major manufacturing industry group, 1939-82—Continued
Durable goods
Category and year
Manufac
turing 2
Total
Lum
ber
and
wood
prod
ucts
Furni
ture
and
fixtures
Stone,
clay,
and
glass
products
Primary
metal
indus
tries
Fabri
cated
metal
prod
ucts
—
—
—
—
Ma
chinery,
except
electri
cal
Electric
and
elec
tronic
equip
ment
Transportation
equip
ment
23.5
21.5
18.7
16.8
16.5
17.0
26.4
24.8
21.6
19.9
17.9
20.0
15.4
13.8
12.7
13.4
15.0
17.3
Instru
ments
and
related
prod
ucts
Miscel
laneous
manu
facturing
indus
tries
N O N P RO DU C TIO N W ORKERS
AS PER C EN T OF TO TA L EM
P LO YM EN T
1939.................................................
1940.................................................
1941.................................................
1942.................................................
1943.................................................
1944.................................................
19.1
18.6
16.5
14.9
13.9
14.9
17.4
16.5
14.7
14.0
13.9
15.3
1945.................................................
1946.................................................
1947.................................................
1948.................................................
1949.................................................
16.2
16.5
16.4
17.1
18.4
1950.................................................
1951.................................................
1952.................................................
1953.................................................
1954.................................................
—
—
—
—
16.9
17.2
16.2
16.8
18.3
—
—
—
—
7.6
7.7
8.5
—
—
—
—
—
11.9
11.9
13.3
17.8
18.5
19.7
19.9
21.4
17.2
17.7
19.2
19.3
21.2
8.0
8.4
9.2
9.4
9.8
1955.................................................
1956.................................................
1957.................................................
1958.................................................
1959.................................................
21.3
22.1
23.2
24.8
24.4
20.9
22.0
23.4
25.5
25.0
1960.................................................
1961.................................................
1962.................................................
1963.................................................
1964.................................................
25.1
26.0
25.9
26.1
26.0
1965.................................................
1966.................................................
1967.................................................
1968.................................................
1969.................................................
15.9
15.0
13.2
11.7
10.8
12.1
13.3
12.4
12.3
12.8
13.8
—
—
—
—
—
12.8
13.1
14.6
—
—
—
—
—
16.4
17.3
18.8
20.3
22.5
20.9
21.7
23.9
24.2
24.1
21.6
23.1
25.8
12.7
14.0
14.4
14.6
15.8
13.5
13.6
14.9
15.1
16.0
13.7
13.8
15.4
15.2
16.5
17.4
18.1
19.6
19.4
20.7
23.2
22.4
23.3
23.9
26.2
9.4
9.8
10.7
11.0
10.5
15.6
16.0
16.4
17.2
16.6
15.8
16.2
17.2
18.6
17.8
15.6
16.5
17.5
19.5
19.3
20.2
21.2
21.9
23.7
22.9
25.7
27.0
26.8
26.9
26.5
10.9
11.5
11.1
11.6
12.4
16.8
17.3
17.0
16.9
17.0
18.6
19.3
19.3
19.5
19.6
19.2
19.9
19.6
19.1
18.6
25.6
25.6
26.4
26.6
26.8
25.9
25.8
26.9
27.3
27.3
12.7
13.1
13.6
13.6
13.8
17.0
17.1
17.6
17.4
17.0
19.7
19.7
20.4
19.9
19.8
1970.................................................
1971.................................................
1972.................................................
1973.................................................
1974.................................................
27.5
27.3
26.7
26.4
27.1
28.1
27.9
27.1
26.6
27.4
14.2
13.4
13.6
13.7
14.6
17.6
17.8
17.2
17.1
17.9
1975.................................................
1976.................................................
1977.................................................
1978.................................................
1979.................................................
28.8
28.2
28.2
28.1
28.4
29.3
28.6
28.4
28.3
28.6
15.9
15.2
14.6
14.3
14.8
1980.................................................
1981.................................................
1982.................................................
29.9
30.5
32.2
30.7
31.5
33.8
16.3
17.0
18.2
—
—
—
18.3
19.9
18.6
19.1
19.4
—
—
—
—
—
20.5
22.0
24.5
—
—
—
—
—
12.8
13.5
15.1
22.2
22.1
23.2
22.7
25.7
18.9
20.1
22.3
22.1
24.6
23.7
23.9
24.7
24.9
27.8
14.0
14.8
15.5
15.3
16.4
26.2
26.3
27.9
30.6
29.3
25.6
26.4
28.8
31.7
30.9
24.3
27.0
27.7
30.9
31.0
28.8
30.2
32.2
34.4
34.1
16.6
17.3
18.6
19.7
19.3
23.3
24.0
23.6
23.6
23.3
30.0
31.2
30.5
30.7
30.4
32.4
33.8
33.2
33.6
32.9
32.0
34.6
34.8
34.6
33.9
35.1
36.4
36.6
36.6
37.0
19.4
19.8
19.6
19.8
20.0
18.4
18.6
19.8
20.5
20.1
22.7
22.1
22.5
22.7
22.9
30.0
29.7
30.5
31.7
32.0
31.3
30.6
32.6
33.3
33.3
32.0
31.8
32.4
32.0
31.9
36.4
36.1
37.3
38.4
38.6
20.0
20.2
21.0
21.5
21.9
20.5
20.5
19.7
19.5
19.6
20.7
21.2
20.5
19.7
20.1
23.7
23.7
23.1
22.6
23.3
33.3
34.9
34.1
32.9
32.9
34.1
33.9
32.7
31.7
32.9
33.3
31.4
30.8
30.6
32.1
39.8
40.6
39.4
37.6
37.5
22.8
22.9
21.6
21.6
21.7
19.1
18.1
17.8
17.8
18.5
20.6
20.3
20.3
20.6
21.2
22.2
21.7
22.0
21.5
21.3
25.2
24.6
24.3
24.1
24.4
34.9
35.1
34.6
34.4
34.2
35.9
34.6
34.3
34.3
34.4
32.7
31.3
31.0
30.9
31.5
39.6
38.7
39.0
38.7
39.0
23.6
23.4
23.8
23.7
23.8
19.3
19.5
20.9
22.5
23.1
24.3
23.2
23.2
25.9
25.9
26.3
28.0
35.8
36.7
39.6
36.5
37.4
39.6
35.1
35.7
37.8
40.2
41.1
42.7
25.1
26.0
27.7
See footnotes at end of table.
—
—
166
Table 71. Nonproduction worker employment and ratios of nonproduction worker employment to
total employment by major manufacturing industry group, 1939-82—Continued
Nondurable goods
Category and year
Total
Food
and
kin
dred
prod
ucts
Printing
and
pub
lishing
Chemi
cals
and
allied
prod
ucts
Petro
leum
and
coal
prod
ucts
Rubber
and
miscel
laneous
plastics
prod
ucts
Leath
er and
leather
prod
ucts
54
54
54
49
43
43
249
249
241
215
188
187
119
125
134
136
129
138
39
41
41
36
30
32
31
34
35
36
39
44
37
37
37
34
30
31
87
99
107
117
120
46
54
58
65
65
196
224
234
245
252
150
151
161
170
169
38
47
51
53
52
49
57
59
58
57
33
36
38
43
41
Textile
mill
prod
ucts
Apparel
and
other
textile
products
85
86
85
77
67
64
110
110
113
101
85
84
8
7
8
65
74
78
84
84
Tobac
co
manu
factures
Paper
and
allied
prod
ucts
NONPRODUCTION WORKERS
(in thousands)
1939......................................................................
1940......................................................................
1941......................................................................
1942......................................................................
1943......................................................................
1944......................................................................
1,141
1,159
1,155
1,051
919
929
404
411
403
357
302
298
1945......................................................................
1946......................................................................
1947......................................................................
1948......................................................................
1949......................................................................
982
1,100
1,197
1,270
1,284
311
352
403
428
437
1950......................................................................
1951......................................................................
1952......................................................................
1953......................................................................
1954......................................................................
1,330
1,416
1,474
1,537
1,562
459
484.8
496.9
509.2
521.7
8
8.1
8.4
7.9
8.1
87
91.5
90.2
90.9
89.1
122
125.9
129.2
133.2
130.2
69
76.1
81.8
87.5
90.3
254
263.1
270.2
280.8
289.0
179
204.5
224.0
245.3
249.7
53
58.8
65.7
68.2
71.2
59
63.9
68.4
73:2
71.7
40
39.2
39.8
40.5
40.5
1955......................................................................
1956......................................................................
1957......................................................................
1958......................................................................
1959......................................................................
533.0
539.8
542.2
550.8
567.5
8.1
9.5
11.7
10.4
10.6
88.6
87.7
87.8
86.3
88.3
132.8
135.3
138.1
132.3
134.5
96.5
103.3
107.2
110.0
115.4
295.7
302.4
306.3
309.4
313.4
255.0
270.8
290.3
300.4
303.6
73.9
74.3
75.6
76.9
75.6
75.0
78.5
81.8
79.9
82.9
41.9
41.8
41.7
41.0
41.1
1960......................................................................
1961......................................................................
1962......................................................................
1963......................................................................
1964......................................................................
1,601
1,644
1,683
1,697
1,733
1,779
1,791
1,820
1,853
1,889
578.2
584.1
584.6
584.9
593.1
10.7
11.1
11.8
12.0
11.8
89.3
88.4
90.2
92.0
93.8
135.0
134.9
140.8
144.8
144.2
121.4
123.3
128.4
132.1
136.7
322.4
325.6
331.9
340.3
349.4
318.3
323.2
329.2
340.0
349.2
74.0
72.0
69.8
68.8
69.7
86.2
87.0
91.9
95.8
99.7
42.5
41.8
41.8
41.4
42.1
1965......................................................................
1966......................................................................
1967......................................................................
1968......................................................................
1969......................................................................
1,937
2,004
2,063
2,099
2,156
597.6
597.2
599.0
589.9
589.0
12.0
12.5
12.6
12.7
13.4
98.9
104.7
108.3
113.2
118.5
148.6
156.2
160.3
165.7
171.2
141.4
148.7
152.8
155.0
160.5
358.8
370.5
386.2
398.1
411.9
361.7
387.1
409.1
420.0
438.0
70.0
69.5
68.5
68.8
70.1
104.9
112.9
119.4
126.8
134.6
42.9
45.1
47.2
48.9
48.8
1970......................................................................
1971......................................................................
1972......................................................................
1973......................................................................
1974......................................................................
1975......................................................................
1976......................................................................
1977......................................................................
1978......................................................................
1979......................................................................
2,169
2,107
2,109
2,155
2,176
2,150
2,196
2,258
2,302
2,322
2,326
2,334
2,313
579.3
562.4
553.4
548.0
543.1
537.2
543.8
550.0
550.2
541.7
533.4
521.6
511.4
13.9
13.7
12.7
12.7
13.3
13.1
13.0
13.7
14.4
14.5
15.3
15.7
15.0
119.8
117.5
119.1
123.6
122.4
115.5
118.4
117 9
116.0
114.2
110.8
110.5
107.5
167.4
165.1
174.7
188.4
187.7
176.7
183.8
186 9
187.7
187.5
184.1
184.9
179.9
162.3
160.1
157.3
161.5
161.8
162.3
167.2
173 4
174.0
171.2
170.1
170.1
168.6
425.3
422.5
429.8
441.1
450.9
459.4
474.5
494.9
520.1
537.9
445.3
422.9
416.4
427.1
437.5
435.1
442.4
457.7
467.9
476.0
481.6
480.7
478.0
73.0
70.1
70.3
69.0
70.9
71.4
70.7
71.0
72.2
72.7
136.1
130.5
135.5
145.1
150.0
143.4
146.6
155.4
163.3
169.8
167.4
167.4
164.3
46.1
42.0
39.6
39.0
38.8
35.6
35.7
36.4
36.4
36.6
1980......................................................................
1981......................................................................
1982......................................................................
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
See footnotes at end of table.
167
553.2
567.0
570.8
73.2
80.1
81.0
36.3
36.6
36.3
Table 71. Nonproduction worker employment and ratios of nonproduction worker employment to
total employment by major manufacturing industry group, 1939-82—Continued
Nondurable goods
Category and year
Total
Food
and
kin
dred
prod
ucts
Tobac
co
manu
factures
Printinq
and
pub
lishing
Chemi
cals
and
allied
prod
ucts
Petro
leum
and
coal
prod
ucts
Rubber
and
miscel
laneous
plastics
prod
ucts
Leath
er and
leather
prod
ucts
16.9
16.2
14.5
13.0
11.1
11.1
43.8
43.7
41.6
38.1
33.8
33.5
32.1
31.3
27.7
23.8
21.2
21.2
28.1
28.1
26.5
22.5
18.8
18.4
19.0
19.3
16.4
16.4
14.6
15.4
9.6
9.9
8.9
8.2
7.9
8.6
8.2
8.6
9.3
9.8
10.2
11.8
12.1
12.5
13.7
14.3
34.0
33.5
32.5
33.2
34.1
22.5
23.9
24.8
26.0
27.3
20.4
22.6
23.1
23.2
23.5
17.3
18.0
18.3
18.6
20.1
9.2
8.8
9.2
10.4
10.5
Textile
mill
prod
ucts
Apparel
and
other
textile
products
7.1
7.3
6.4
5.7
5.2
5.3
11.9
11.8
10.8
9.3
7.7
7.8
Paper
and
allied
prod
ucts
NONPRODUCTION WORKERS AS
PERCENT OF TOTAL EMPLOYMENT
1939......................................................................
1940...................................................................
1941......................................................................
1942......................................................................
1943..................................................................
1944......................................................................
20.5
20.6
18.6
16.3
14.1
14.4
29.0
29.1
26.6
22.1
18.3
17.7
1945......................................................................
1946......................................................................
1947......................................................................
1948......................................................................
1949.....................................................................
15.2
15.8
16.7
17.5
18.5
18.4
19.9
22.4
23.8
24.6
6.8
6.1
7.3
5.7
5.9
6.0
6.3
7.1
1950......................................................................
1951......................................................................
1952......................................................................
1953......................................................................
1954......................................................................
18.6
19.4
20.2
20.7
21.7
25.6
26.6
27.2
27.7
28.7
7.8
7.8
8.0
7.6
7.8
6.9
7.4
7.8
7.9
8.5
10.1
10.4
10.6
10.7
11.0
14.2
14.9
16.2
16.5
17.0
34.0
34.3
34.6
35.0
35.5
28.0
28.9
30.7
31.9
33.2
24.3
25.4
28.0
28.3
29.9
19.0
19.1
20.2
20.3
21.8
10.1
10.3
10.4
10.4
10.9
1955......................................................................
1956......................................................................
1957......................................................................
1958......................................................................
1959......................................................................
21.8
22.2
23.0
23.8
23.7
29.2
29.3
30.0
31.1
31.7
7.9
9.5
12.1
11.0
11.2
8.4
8.5
8.9
9.4
9.3
10.9
11.1
11.4
11.3
11.0
17.5
18.2
18.8
19.5
19.7
35.4
35.1
35.2
35.5
35.3
33.0
34.0
35.8
37.8
37.5
31.2
31.5
32.6
34.4
35.1
20.6
21.3
22.0
23.2
22.2
10.9
10.9
11.2
11.4
11.0
1960......................................................................
1961......................................................................
1962......................................................................
1963......................................................................
1964......................................................................
24.2
24.7
24.7
25.1
25.3
32.3
32.9
33.2
33.4
33.9
11.4
12.2
13.0
13.5
13.1
9.7
9.9
10.0
10.4
10.5
10.9
11.1
11.1
11.3
11.1
20.2
20.5
20.9
21.4
21.9
35.4
35.5
35.8
36.6
36.7
38.4
39.0
38.8
39.3
39.7
34.9
35.7
35.7
36.5
37.9
22.7
23.2
22.5
22.9
22.9
11.7
11.7
11.6
11.9
12.1
1965......................................................................
1966......................................................................
1967......................................................................
1968...................................................................
1969......................................................................
25.3
25.3
25.8
25.7
26.1
34.0
33.6
33.5
33.1
32.9
13.8
14.8
14.6
15.0
16.1
10.7
10.9
11.3
11.4
11.8
11.0
11.1
11.5
11.8
12.1
22.1
22.3
22.5
22.4
22.6
36.6
36.4
36.9
37.4
37.7
39.8
40.3
40.9
40.8
41.3
38.3
37.7
37.4
36.8
38.5
22.3
22.1
23.1
22.6
22.6
12.2
12.4
13.5
13.8
14.2
1970......................................................................
1971......................................................................
1972......................................................................
1973......................................................................
1974......................................................................
26.6
26.4
26.0
26.1
26.7
32.4
31.9
31.7
32.0
31.8
16.8
17.8
17.0
16.4
17.3
12.3
12.3
12.1
12.2
12.7
12.3
12.3
12.6
13.1
13.8
23.0
23.5
22.8
22.9
22.9
38.5
39.1
39.3
39.7
40.6
42.4
41.8
41.3
41.2
41.3
38.2
36.1
36.0
35.8
36.0
23.5
22.5
21.5
21.0
21.6
14.4
14.0
13.4
13.7
14.3
1975......................................................................
1976......................................................................
1977......................................................................
1978......................................................................
1979......................................................................
28.2
27.7
27.9
28.0
28.0
32.4
32.2
32.1
31.9
31.3
17.4
17.0
19.4
20.4
20.7
13.3
12.9
13.0
12.9
12.9
14.2
13.9
14.2
14.1
14.4
25.3
24.8
25.1
24.9
24.2
42.4
43.2
43.4
43.6
43.6
42.9
42.4
42.6
42.7
42.9
36.7
35.6
35.1
34.8
34.7
23.6
22.9
21.8
21.6
21.7
14.3
13.6
14.3
14.2
14.9
1980......................................................................
1981......................................................................
1982......................................................................
28.7
29.0
29.8
31.2
31.2
31.2
22.2
22.3
22.2
13.1
13.4
14.3
14.6
14.9
15.5
24.6
24.7
25.5
44.2
44.8
45.0
43.5
43.3
44.3
37.0
37.4
40.3
23.0
22.7
23.4
15.6
15.4
16.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1 Prior data are as follows: 1919-2,042; 1920-2,006; 1921-1,635; 19221,793; 1923-1,912; 1924-1,882; 1925-1,878; 1926-1,942; 1927-1,964;
1928-1,896; 1929-2,135; 1930-2,098; 1931-1,869; 1932-1,580; 19331,473; 1934-1,592; 1935-1,695; 1936-1,813; 1937-2,003; 1938-1,962.
2 Prior data are as follows: 1919-19.2; 1920-18.8; 1921-19.8; 1922-19.7;
1923-18.6; 1924-19.5; 1925-18.9; 1926-19.1; 1927-19.6; 1928-19.1;
1929-19.9; 1930-21.9; 1931-22.9; 1932-22.8; 1933-19.9; 1934-18.7;
1935-18.7; 1936-18.4; 1937-18.6; 1938-20.8.
N o t e : Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. Dash indicates
data are not available.
168
Table 72. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, 1959-82
[In thousands]
Manufacturing
Year
Total
Min
ing
Con
struction
Total
Dura
ble
goods
Non
durable
goods
1,671
1,681
1,642
1,749
1,746
1,756
2,688
2,691
2,651
2,725
2,736
2,782
Transportation
and
public
utilities
Wholesale and retail
trade
Total
Whole
sale
Retail
—
—
723
4,295
4,267
4,355
4,428
4,618
713
699
708
716
736
3,583
3,568
3,647
3,712
3,882
1,337
1,363
1,392
1,423
1,464
1959....................
—
1960....................
—
1961....................
—
1962....................
—
1963....................
1964.................... 19,662
36
35
35
35
34
—
—
—
152
4,358
4,371
4,292
4,474
4,482
4,537
1965....................
1966....................
1967....................
1968....................
1969....................
20,660
22,168
23,272
24,395
25,595
34
34
35
36
37
152
156
158
164
174
4,768
5,213
5,353
5,490
5,667
1,889
2,182
2,277
2,338
2,446
2,879
3,032
3,076
3,152
3,221
748
786
835
860
911
4,881
5,124
5,297
5,526
5,841
763
804
827
852
898
4,118
4,320
4,470
4,674
4,942
1970....................
1971....................
1972....................
1973....................
1974....................
26,132
26,466
27,541
28,988
30,124
37
37
40
43
49
186
199
219
241
262
5,448
5,229
5,470
5,865
5,849
2,284
2,128
2,285
2,573
2,624
3,165
3,101
3,185
3,292
3,225
957
955
953
987
1,018
6,007
6,128
6,350
6,682
6,978
918
911
933
989
1,043
1975....................
1976....................
1977....................
1978....................
1979....................
30,178
31,570
33,252
35,349
37,096
55
60
65
76
91
256
281
304
331
355
5,257
5,607
5,880
6,237
6,466
2,276
2,449
2,651
2,900
3,092
2,981
3,158
3,229
3,337
3,374
996
1,010
1,051
1,133
1,237
7,051
7,400
7,764
8,280
8,697
1980.................... 38,186
1981.................... 39,037
1982.................... 38,992
105
129
136
372
380
377
6,317
6,341
6,006
3,009
3,034
2,838
3,308
3,306
3,169
1,292
1,340
1,336
8,851
8,989
9,039
—
—
—
N o t e : Dash indicates data are not available.
Fi
nance,
insur
ance,
and
real
estate
169
Government
Serv
ices
—
Total
—
Feder
al
—
State
and
local
—
—
—
4,415
—
—
—
3,718
—
—
530
—
—
—
3,188
1,496
1,549
1,624
1,709
1,819
4,611
4,931
5,267
5,632
5,994
3,970
4,375
4,703
4,979
5,153
542
610
674
710
723
3,427
3,766
4,030
4,269
4,430
5,089
5,217
5,417
5,692
5^935
1,907
1,979
2,032
2,138
2^245
6,224
6,438
6,718
7,023
7^454
5,365
5,502
5,759
6,010
6,270
723
715
747
780
798
4,643
4,787
5,011
5,230
5,472
1,046
1,092
1,145
1,235
1,319
6,005
6,308
6,619
7,044
7,378
2,287
2,371
2,511
2,708
2,882
7,822
8,256
8,771
9,368
9,919
6,454
6,586
6,907
7,216
7,450
805
808
856
866
860
5,649
5,778
6,051
6,350
6,590
1,362
1,395
1,395
7,489
7,595
7,644
3,039
3,158
3,198
10,452
10’971
11,329
7,759
7,730
7,571
908
878
883
6,851
6,852
6,688
—
—
Table 73. Women employees on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group, 1959-82
[In thousands]
Durable goods
Year
Total
Lumber
and
wood
products
Furniture
and
fixtures
Stone,
clay, and
glass
indus
tries
Primary
metal
indus
tries
Fabricat
ed metal
products
Machin
ery,
except
electrical
Electric and
electronic
equipment
Transportation
equipment
Instruments
and related
products
Miscella
neous
manufactur
ing industries
1959..................
1960..................
1961..................
1962..................
1963..................
1964.................
1,671.
1,681
1,642
1,749
1,746
1,756
48.3
46.8
45.4
46.7
46.2
47.5
63.8
62.3
60.7
64.1
65.0
68.6
92.0
91.9
88.3
91.2
91.5
93.4
71.5
71.6
67.4
69.4
68.6
69.1
202.5
198.4
190.1
202.3
207.2
211.7
192.4
195.3
189.2
198.6
199.9
204.5
499.3
518.5
519.4
569.7
560.8
558.8
207.4
199.2
190.7
200.7
200.8
189.9
138.8
141.5
138.7
146.8
146.4
146.1
154.7
155.4
152.0
159.1
159.3
166.2
1965..................
1966..................
1967..................
1968.................
1969..................
1,889
2,182
2,277
2,338
2,446
50.1
57.6
62.3
67.3
72.7
74.3
88.6
93.9
102.4
111.9
95.3
100.8
99.6
100.8
107.4
73.8
81.3
84.7
86.3
92.0
223.8
253.1
279.8
305.9
327.1
222.1
257.0
279.1
286.3
304.3
620.6
748.2
755.7
754.7
786.0
192.9
225.2
246.3
248.5
242.5
155.6
179.2
187.8
192.6
204.2
180.6
190.5
187.8
192.9
197.6
1970..................
1971..................
1972..................
1973..................
1974.................
2,284
2,128
2,285
2,573
2,624
69.1
69.9
79.6
91.4
88.8
106.9
109.2
121.7
134.6
135.1
107.1
104.6
112.5
122.0
122.9
90.8
88.0
90.3
101.1
105.2
293.7
269.7
286.3
312.9
310.4
297.4
269.3
286.3
335.2
371.6
728.0
667.6
720.0
816.6
811.1
208.8
187.8
195.9
227.4
228.7
194.9
181.8
198.7
226.1
243.2
187.7
180.3
193.9
205.2
206.5
1975..................
1976..................
1977..................
1978..................
1979..................
2,276
2,449
2,651
2,900
3,092
75.4
86.0
96.8
107.5
114.7
114.0
122.7
130.7
143.7
146.7
109.5
116.9
123.7
130.7
133.7
93.4
101.4
110.1
121.1
134.2
268.3
291.0
315.9
342.2
358.2
339.3
349.8
383.9
430.8
475.4
659.2
714.1
773.3
839.2
900.2
213.2
232.9
258.8
295.1
322.9
219.1
235.6
254.1
275.8
294.7
185.0
198.5
203.3
213.4
210.7
1980..................
1981..................
1982..................
3,009
3,034
2,838
103.2
101.2
90.7
137.9
139.9
130.3
126.3
125.2
114.7
124.8
124.1
103.8
336.0
335.3
302.2
494.1
506.9
479.4
890.5
893.1
850.8
297.4
307.8
287.1
303.3
310.4
302.6
195.8
190.5
176.2
Chemicals
and allied
products
Petro
leum and
coal
products
Rubber and
miscellaneous
plastics
products
Nondurable goods
Total
Food and
kindred
products
Tobacco
manufac
tures
Textile
mill
products
Apparel
and other
textile
products
Paper
and allied
products
Printing
and
publish
ing
Leather
and
leather
products
1959..................
1960..................
1961.................
1962.................
1963.................
1964.................
2,688
2,691
2,651
2,725
2,736
2,782
426.2
426.8
423.1
419.9
421.2
421.3
48.7
47.1
43.9
42.8
41.2
43.8
414.5
401.5
388.6
394.0
383.6
388.3
951.1
962.2
944.8
990.9
1,010.0
1,031.0
128.1
130.4
129.1
130.8
130.0
130.5
250.2
256.8
258.6
264.4
267.4
276.2
150.6
152.9
152.7
157.5
161.5
164.8
17.5
17.2
16.6
16.3
15.9
16.1
106.4
107.0
106.9
120.0
122.0
126.4
194.5
188.6
186.2
189.0
183.4
183.2
1965.................
1966..................
1967..................
1968.................
1969..................
2,879
3,032
3,076
3,152
3,221
423.5
443.2
451.3
452.9
462.4
41.3
38.8
39.2
38.3
38.2
406.9
427.5
428.7
452.2
460.5
1,074.5
1,118.0
1,116.1
1,123.5
1,134.0
132.9
141.0
145.3
148.6
152.0
285.2
305.0
323.0
332.8
349.5
172.0
185.6
197.9
209.2
219.8
16.1
16.5
16.4
16.9
16.9
138.6
156.1
162.0
177.2
191.5
188.0
200.2
196.0
200.6
196.2
1970..................
1971..................
1972.................
1973..................
1974..................
3,165
3,101
3,185
3,292
3,225
464.0
460.7
464.7
463.4
464.5
37.7
33.4
30.6
31.7
30.9
448.0
438.3
452.8
468.5
448.3
1,102.6
1,087.8
1,118.4
1,158.9
1,103.0
149.6
141.1
140.8
146.4
146.8
359.8
357.0
369.8
383.3
392.7
216.1
207.4
210.5
221.3
228.0
17.8
17.8
18.2
18.2
18.7
184.5
182.6
202.7
227.8
226.9
184.5
174.9
176.6
172.8
165.1
1975..................
1976..................
1977..................
1978..................
1979..................
2,981
3,158
3,229
3,337
3,374
448.1
466.0
478.5
495.6
511.1
29.5
28.7
25.9
25.9
25.4
397.3
423.7
424.6
423.7
418.1
1,005.5
1,067.9
1,065.0
1,081.2
1,057.3
132.3
143.9
151.1
157.9
161.6
388.7
402.5
424.6
453.1
480.0
218.0
229.3
245.2
258.2
270.7
19.6
20.7
23.4
24.6
26.3
191.6
216.0
237.4
261.1
274.4
149.9
158.9
153.1
155.7
149.1
1980..................
1981.................
1982.................
3,308
3,306
3,169
508.5
501.1
495.9
24.7
25.6
23.9
401.4
391.1
357.3
1,022.0
1,004.7
938.1
159.2
160.3
152.7
496.7
507.0
513.9
277.3
285.0
280.7
27.0
30.9
31.1
251.0
258.5
242.6
140.0
142.1
132.3
170
Table 74. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by region and State, selected years, 1939-82
[In thousands]
Region and State
1939
1945
1950
1955
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
Region I...................................................................................
Maine...............................................................................
New Hampshire..............................................................
Vermont...........................................................................
Massachusetts................................................................
Rhode Island...................................................................
Connecticut.....................................................................
2,609.0
212.4
147.8
74.8
1,371.5
243.8
558.7
3,112.8
258.3
149.0
90.6
1,647.1
279.1
688.7
3,346.8
253.9
170.3
96.9
1,761.0
298.6
766.1
3,548.9
275.1
183.5
102.1
1,818.4
295.0
874.8
3,697.9
277.5
200.7
107.9
1,904.7
291.7
915.4
3,715.4
277.1
201.9
107.3
1,914.9
291.6
922.6
3,792.4
279.5
207.9
110.5
1,946.4
298.3
949.8
3,814.2
279.6
208.8
111.5
1,946.9
298.1
969.3
3,868.5
285.1
212.8
113.7
1,961.8
303.9
991.2
Region II..................................................................................
New York.........................................................................
New Jersey......................................................................
5,377.9
4,130.9
1,247.0
6,634.2
5,061.3
1,572.9
7,233.1
5,576.0
1,657.1
7,782.4
5,917.1
1,865.3
8,199.0
6,181.9
2,017.1
8,191.3
6,157.7
2,033.6
8,357.1
6,261.3
2,095.8
8,403.1
6,273.7
2,129.4
8,539.4
6,370.7
2,168.7
Region III.................................................................................
Pennsylvania.................................. ................................
Delaware..........................................................................
Maryland..........................................................................
District of Columbia........................................................
Virginia.............................................................................
West Virginia...................................................................
4,514.4
2,701.5
75.9
490.1
333.5
539.9
373.5
5,760.0
3,335.3
97.8
650.5
487.2
728.3
460.9
6,307.6
3,644.4
121.0
715.2
497.3
805.4
524.3
6,622.8
3,749.6
143.7
834.3
502.7
912.0
480.5
6,743.2
3,715.4
153.9
894.7
1501.6
1,017.6
460.0
6,689.0
3,634.1
151.9
908.7
511.4
1,034.8
448.1
6,857.0
3,694.9
156.4
949.2
527.2
1,081.8
447.5
6,953.2
3,694.8
163.6
978.6
542.5
1,123.8
449.9
7,133.0
3,777.1
170.8
1,009.7
551.5
1,163.0
460.9
Region IV.................................................................................
North Carolina.................................................................
South Carolina................................................................
Georgia............................................................................
Florida..............................................................................
Kentucky..........................................................................
Tennessee.......................................................................
Alabama...........................................................................
Mississippi.......................................................................
3,316.1
622.7
310.1
526.7
390.5
382.5
475.3
405.3
203.0
4,438.4
759.2
396.0
725.4
562.2
466.4
682.0
579.1
268.1
5,138.5
927.8
461.4
806.6
704.4
547.8
759.3
619.6
311.6
6,062.5
1,059.4
533.0
959.5
965.9
620.2
867.6
702.9
354.0
6,909.1
1,195.5
582.5
1,051.1
1,320.6
653.6
925.4
776.4
404.0
6,946.0
1,209.1
587.0
1,050.7
1,333.9
648.0
934.0
774.6
408.7
7,209.4
1,258.5
609.8
1,092.7
1,387.8
673.7
969.4
791.8
425.7
7,477.9
1,298.6
630.6
1,139.7
1,447.4
702.9
1,002.5
812.5
443.7
7,789.5
1,353.7
651.4
1,186.7
1,526.5
721.7
1,045.5
843.8
460.2
Region V..................................................................................
Ohio..................................................................................
Indiana.............................................................................
Illinois...............................................................................
Michigan..........................................................................
Wisconsin........................................................................
Minnesota........................................................................
7,454.4
1,783.8
817.4
2,294.9
1,348.1
666.8
543.4
9,745.6
2,417.9
1,100.6
2,854.4
1,797.9
896.6
678.2
11,185.9
2,760.0
1,272.4
33,175.2
2,153.9
1,022.1
3802.3
12,401.5
3,128.9
1,377.4
3,426.8
2,479.2
1,108.1
881.1
12,618.0
3,147.3
21,431.4
3,537.9
2,350.7
1,191.9
958.8
12,338.6
3,044.3
1,408.4
3,502.5
2,246.9
1,179.9
956.6
12,661.7
3,099.2
1,461.3
3,572.5
2,337.0
1,207.2
984.5
12,905.9
3,145.2
1,498.7
3,614.4
2,412.4
1,233.5
1,001.7
13,291.2
3,216.3
1,545.7
3,712.2
2,518.1
1,270.9
1,028.0
Region VI................................................................................
Arkansas..........................................................................
Louisiana..........................................................................
Oklahoma........................................................................
T exas...............................................................................
New Mexico.....................................................................
2,089.5
198.0
410.1
326.2
1,075.7
79.5
2,922.8
273.1
540.6
424.0
1,579.2
105.9
3,484.4
298.3
636.2
476.9
1,921.4
151.6
4,071.5
321.0
725.5
550.9
2,291.2
182.9
4,503.5
367.6
783.0
577.1
2,539.5
236.3
4,519.8
378.0
774.0
582.1
2,549.5
236.2
4,660.3
399.7
790.1
596.7
2,631.2
242.6
4,788.6
416.3
810.5
606.7
2,706.5
248.6
4,964.2
431.8
849.4
619.3
2,808.0
255.7
Region VII...............................................................................
Iowa..................................................................................
Missouri............................................................................
Nebraska.........................................................................
Kansas.............................................................................
1,787.7
429.6
838.6
223,6
295.9
2,276.2
508.2
1,058.7
287.4
421.9
2,585.3
608.6
1,190.1
322.3
464.3
2,827.9
632.6
1,292.1
358.2
545.0
2,974.8
680.1
1,350.1
384.4
560.2
2,963.9
678.5
1,332.5
390.5
562.4
3,012.3
685.2
1,357.2
396.4
573.5
3,059.4
699.8
1,383.5
401.9
574.2
3,132.7
718.3
1,418.3
408.9
587.2
Region VIII..............................................................................
North Dakota...................................................................
South Dakota..................................................................
Montana...........................................................................
Wyoming..........................................................................
Colorado..........................................................................
Utah..................................................................................
663.7
72.1
85.9
108.1
54.3
233.4
109.9
820.9
81.1
94.9
115.3
64.9
295.9
168.8
1,007.0
109.2
120.0
147.2
80.2
361.3
189.1
1,152.3
116.3
129.7
160.2
85.4
436.8
223.9
1,315.0
126.8
142.7
165.0
96.5
520.9
263.1
1,351.4
127.0
148.0
165.2
96.3
542.8
272.1
1,394.0
131.3
153.9
169.7
95.5
557.5
286.1
1,423.5
136.7
152.6
172.6
96.2
571.7
293.7
1,442.6
142.6
152.2
174.2
97.2
583.2
293.2
Region IX.................................................................................
Arizona.............................................................................
Nevada.............................................................................
California..........................................................................
Hawaii..............................................................................
1,942.3
95.5
34.8
1,812.0
—
3,146.1
136.5
48.3
2,961.3
—
3,424.8
161.6
53.8
3,209.4
—
4,393.4 4 5,522.0
226.0
333.8
103.4
84.5
4,082.9
4,896.0
188.8
—
5,646.6
347.1
109.6
4,996.1
193.8
5,904.6
364.8
126.9
5,217.7
195.2
6,131.9
377.2
142.8
5,412.3
199.6
6,352.7
389.1
149.3
5,606.5
207.8
Region X..................................................................................
Idaho................................................................................
Washington......................................................................
Oregon............................................................................
Alaska..............................................................................
774.0
84.4
431.0
258.6
—
1,194.1
102.8
706.5
384.8
—
1,253.3
131.6
683.8
437.9
—
1,382.5
138.5
768.0
476.0
—
1,544.6
159.1
818.5
509.9
57.1
1,609.3
164.6
856.8
529.0
58.9
1,626.9
164.7
850.6
549.5
62.1
1,662.6
168.6
854.7
573.9
65.4
See footnotes at end of table.
171
*1,534.2
155.2
812.7
509.7
56.6
Table 74. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by region and State, selected years, 1939-82
—Continued
[In thousands]
Region and State
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
Region I...................................................................................
Maine...............................................................................
New Hampshire..............................................................
Vermont...........................................................................
Massachusetts................................................................
Rhode Island...................................................................
Connecticut.....................................................................
Region II..................................................................................
New York.........................................................................
New Jersey......................................................................
4,004.3
295.4
220.8
121.3
2,017.2
316.7
1,032.9
8,777.7
6,518.7
2,259.0
4,202.7
309.2
235.2
130.8
2,102.1
330.0
1,095.4
4,327.8
316.9
244.0
136.3
2,162.2
338.3
1,130.1
4,424.5
323.2
251.8
140.3
2,208.2
343.0
1,158.0
4,543.9
330.0
259.2
145.5
2,268.7
346.4
1,194.1
4,541.9
332.2
258.5
147.9
2,261.7
344.1
1,197.5
9,068.6
6,709.5
2,359.1
9,279.8
6,858.3
2,421.5
9,486.9
7,001.7
2,485.2
7,769.7
4,077.1
193.2
1,132.0
587.0
1,285.3
495.1
7,975.8
4,171.3
197.4
1,178.6
594.7
1,330.2
503.6
8,166.6
4,263.5
202.9
1,223.9
582.8
1,385.1
508.4
9,751.6
7,182.0
2,569.6
8,382.9
4,374.9
211.9
1,272.4
575.0
1,436.4
512.3
8,779.2
1,534.2
734.9
1,337.9
1,726.8
803.8
1,184.4
935.6
521.6
9,108.6
1,600.9
754.4
1,394.7
1,816.4
836.5
1,218.8
951.8
535.1
9,503.9
1,678.5
782.9
1,455.6
1,932.3
868.6
1,264.0
970.1
551.9
14,773.9
3,537.3
1,737.2
4,095.3
2,861.7
1,394.1
1,148.3
5,504.1
489.8
957.9
676.0
3,108.7
271.7
3,426.3
803.8
1,554.1
434.1
634.3
1,538.8
148.3
160.1
184.6
97.2
631.2
317.4
15,140.6
3,619.8
1,777.0
4,209.7
2,903.8
1,430.5
1,199.8
6,974.1
434.8
162.0
6,145.2
232.1
1,886.7
184.8
988.4
640.4
73.1
Region III................................................................................. 7,427.2
Pennsylvania................................................................... 3,917.5
Delaware..........................................................................
184.1
Maryland.......................................................................... 1,057.6
District of Columbia........................................................
572.5
Virginia............................................................................. 1,218.9
West Virginia...................................................................
576.6
Region IV................................................................................ 8,233.9
North Carolina................................................................. 1,431.2
South Carolina................................................................
686.0
Georgia......................................... ................................... 1,257.1
Florida.............................................................................. 1,619.1
z Kentucky..........................................................................
758.9
Tennessee....................................................................... 1,108.5
Alabama...........................................................................
886.5
Mississippi.......................................................................
486.6
Region V.................................................................................. 13,975.5
Ohio.................................................................................. 3,364.3
Indiana............................................................................. 1,631.1
Illinois............................................................................... 3,880.4
Michigan.......................................................................... 2,687.4
Wisconsin........................................................................ 1,331.7
Minnesota........................................................................ 1,080.6
Region VI................................................................................. 5,194.3
Arkansas..........................................................................
458.8
Louisiana..........................................................................
898.1
Oklahoma........................................................................
642.5
T exas............................................................................... 2,932.4
New Mexico.....................................................................
262.5
Region VII............................................................................... 3,249.6
Iowa..................................................................................
752.2
Missouri............................................................................ 1,478.3
Nebraska.........................................................................
418.7
Kansas.............................................................................
600.4
Region VIII.............................................................................. 1,476.1
North Dakota..................................... .•>............................
146.1
South Dakota..................................................................
155.5
Montana...........................................................................
179.2
Wyoming..........................................................................
96.6
Colorado..........................................................................
598.9
Utah..................................................................................
299.8
Region IX................................................................................. 6,580.8
Arizona.............................................................................
403.7
Nevada.............................................................................
157.4
California.......................................................................... 5,800.3
Hawaii..............................................................................
219.4
Region X.................................................................................. 1,752.9
Idaho................................................................................
177.6
Washington......................................................................
896.4
Oregon.............................................................................
608.4
70.5
Alaska..............................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
172
1972
1973
4,471.6
332.3
259.9
148.1
2,224.2
342.8
1,164.3
4,576.0
343.7
278.5
153.6
*2,251.7
358.1
1,190.4
4,752.0
354.8
297.8
161.3
2,333.5
365.9
1,238.7
9,762.6
7,156.4
2,606.2
9,619.0
7,011.4
2,607.6
9,711.0
7,038.5
2,672.5
9,891.9
7,132.2
2,759.7
8,541.5
4,291.3
224.9
1,371.5
566.6
1,567.2
520.0
10,468.4
1,813.8
862.6
1,602.9
2,276.4
931.8
1,356.8
1,021.9
602.2
8,815.1
4,400.0
232.4
1,415.0
572.0
1,655.2
540.5
9,106.1
4,506.5
239.4
1,471.5
573.7
1,753.4
561.6
9,946.6
1,747.0
819.8
1,531.7
2,069.9
895.2
1,309.8
1,000.2
573.0
8,519.7
4,351.6
216.8
81,349.2
566.7
01,518.9
516.5
10,166.4
1,782.7
842.0
1,557.5
2,152.1
910.1
1,327.6
1,010.5
583.9
11,200.5
1911.9
920.3
1,695.2
2,513.1
988.3
1,450.1
1,072.3
649.3
11,981.6
2,018.1
984.0
1,802.5
2,778.6
1,038.6
1,531.1
1,135.5
693.2
15,532.0
3,750.8
1,817.4
4,284.9
2,963.3
1,472.1
1,243.5
5,956.4
514.6
1,020.5
720.4
3,424.3
276.6
3,614.3
852.1
1,631.3
458.8
672.1
16,053.7
3,887.3
1,880.3
4,376.1
3,085.1
1,525.1
1,299.8
15,925.8
3,880.6
1,849.0
4,345.6
3,004.9
1,530.4
1,315.3
15,8098 16,231.8
3,839.5
3,938.3
1,841.1
1,921.9
4,296.4
4,314.8
2,997.2 *3,118.9
1,525.4
1,580.8
1,357.1
1,310.2
16,992.3
4,112.9
2,028.1
4,470.4
3,284.3
1,660.5
1,436.1
6,199.6
533.8
1,032.9
748.3
3,597.1
287.5
3,706.3
873.4
1,672.1
474.4
686.4
6,249.9
536.2
1,033.6
762.6
3,624.9
292.6
3,708.0
876.9
1,668.0
484.3
678.8
6,370.5
551.0
1,055.9
774.4
3,683.5
305.7
3,712.1
882.7
1,660.8
490.8
677.8
1,640.5
155.6
167.8
192.5
102.9
686.6
335.1
1,702.0
157.8
172.9
195.5
106.9
720.7
348.2
1,753.6
163.6
175.4
199.1
108.3
750.2
357.0
7,221.0
445.6
166.1
6,367.6
241.7
7,548.1
473.4
177.3
6,642.1
255.3
7,918.1
517.2
193.5
6,931.5
275.9
1,962.0
187.7
1,045.3
652.1
76.9
2,051.4
192.9
1,099.4
679.2
79.9
2,116.8
201.4
1,120.1
708.5
86.8
5,730.0
501.0
997.3
699.7
3,259.4
272.6
3,530.4
832.8
1,595.5
449.3
652.8
1,584.8
151.5
163.9
188.0
99.0
655.8
326.6
1,818.1
167.0
179.0
204.8
111.0
787.0
369.3
6,733.9
581.5
1,128.6
811.9
3,884.4
327.5
3,846.9
912.3
1,700.1
517.0
717.5
1,961.0
176.1
189.9
215.3
117.3
869.4
393.0
7,130.2
614.5
1,176.1
851.9
4,141.7
346.0
4036.5
961.3
1,770.6
541.3
763.3
2,084.4
183.9
199.1
224.5
126.1
936.0
414.8
7,990.6
547.4
203.3
6,946.2
293.7
8,010.4
581.4
210.5
6,917.0
301.5
8,392.3
646.3
223.4
7,209.9
312.7
8,908.5
714.5
244.6
7,621.9
327.5
2,090.8
207.8
1,079.4
710.5
93.1
2,108.5
217.1
1,064.5
729.1
97.8
2,214.2
236.5
1,100.1
774.3
103.3
2,330.2
251.7
1,152.3
816.2
110.0
Table 74. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by region and State, selected years, 1939-82
—Continued
[In thousands]
Region and State
Region I.......................................................
Maine...................................................
New Hampshire..................................
Vermont...............................................
Massachusetts....................................
Rhode Island.......................................
Connecticut.........................................
Region II......................................................
New York.............................................
New Jersey..........................................
Region III.....................................................
Pennsylvania.......................................
Delaware..............................................
Maryland..............................................
District of Columbia............................
Virginia.................................................
West Virginia.......................................
Region IV.....................................................
North Carolina.....................................
South Carolina....................................
Georgia................................................
Florida..................................................
Kentucky..............................................
Tennessee...........................................
Alabama...............................................
Mississippi...........................................
Region V......................................................
Ohio......................................................
Indiana.................................................
Illinois...................................................
Michigan..............................................
Wisconsin............................................
Minnesota............................................
Region VI....................................................
Arkansas..............................................
Louisiana..............................................
Oklahoma............................................
T exas...................................................
New Mexico.........................................
Region VII...................................................
Iowa......................................................
Missouri................................................
Nebraska.............................................
Kansas.................................................
Region VIII..................................................
North Dakota.......................................
South Dakota......................................
Montana...............................................
Wyoming..............................................
Colorado..............................................
Utah......................................................
Region IX.....................................................
Arizona.................................................
Nevada.................................................
California..............................................
Hawaii..................................................
Region X......................................................
Idaho....................................................
Washington..........................................
Oregon.................................................
Alaska..................................................
1974
.......................... 4,809.3
..........................
361.5
..........................
300.3
..........................
162.8
.......................... 2,353.7
..........................
367.0
.......................... 1,264.0
.......................... 9,861.0
.......................... 7,078.0
.......................... 2,783.0
.......................... 9,198.1
.......................... 4,514.6
..........................
233.1
.......................... 1,493.6
580.1
..........................
.......................... 1,804.3
..........................
572.4
.......................... 12,260.0
.......................... 2,048.2
.......................... 1,015.8
.......................... 1,827.5
.......................... 2,863.8
.......................... 1,065.9
.......................... 1,558.2
.......................... 1,169.8
..........................
710.8
.......................... 17,208.5
.......................... 4,169.4
.......................... 2,031.4
.......................... 4,545.7
.......................... 3,277.6
.......................... 1,703.4
.......................... 1,481.0
.......................... 7,468.8
..........................
640.7
.......................... 1,220.8
..........................
886.9
.......................... 4,360.2
..........................
360.2
.......................... 4,140.6
..........................
999.0
.......................... 1,789.5
..........................
562.1
..........................
790.0
.......................... 2,164.7
..........................
193.8
..........................
206.6
..........................
234.0
..........................
136.5
..........................
959.7
..........................
434.1
.......................... 9,172.3
..........................
746.0
..........................
256.1
.......................... 7,834.3
..........................
335.9
.......................... 2,431.5
..........................
266.8
.......................... 1,198.9
..........................
837.9
..........................
127.9
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
1982
4,657.5
356.9
292.8
162.1
2,273.1
349.2
1,223.4
9,529.8
6,829.9
2,699.9
9,074.9
4,435.8
229.9
1,479.3
576.5
1,778.7
574.7
11,875.6
1,979.9
982.6
1,755.7
2,746.4
1,057.6
1,505.7
1,155.4
692.3
16,664.4
4,016.2
1,941.7
4,418.9
3,136.6
1,676.8
1,474.2
7,606.1
623.8
1,249.5
899.7
4,462.9
370.2
4,098.3
998.7
1,740.6
557.8
801.2
2,200.8
203.6
209.3
238.1
146.0
963.5
440.3
9,182.2
729.1
263.1
7,847.2
342.8
2,497.9
273.0
1,225.7
837.4
161.8
4,787.0
375.3
313.4
168.4
2,323.5
366.7
1,239.7
9.543.2
6,789.5
2,753.7
9,268.0
4,512.8
236.7
1,498.3
575.8
1,848.1
596.3
12,357.2
2,082.7
1,038.1
1,839.1
2,784.3
1,103.1
1,575.4
1,207.0
727.5
17,213.7
4.094.5
2,023.8
4,565.7
3,283.0
1,725.9
1,520.8
7,979.2
660.0
1,314.4
931.1
4,683.7
390.0
4,241.6
1,036.9
1,797.8
572.1
834.8
2,307.4
215.0
218.6
251.1
156.5
1,003.4
462.8
9,541.9
758.7
279.8
8,154.2
349.2
2.624.3
291.0
1,283.1
878.5
171.7
4,983.3
387.8
337.1
178.4
2,416.0
381.7
1,282.3
9,694.5
6,857.6
2,836.9
9,470.3
4,565.2
238.8
1,545.6
578.7
1,930.4
611.6
12,943.2
2,170.4
1,081.7
1,926.4
2,933.2
1,148.3
1,648.1
1,269.2
765.9
17,838.1
4,230.1
2,114.0
4,655.5
3,442.3
1,798.9
1,597.3
8,353.9
695.6
1,364.6
971.5
4,906.8
415.4
4,405.7
1,079.2
1,861.8
593.7
871.0
2,429.8
221.1
226.6
264.8
170.5
1,058.1
488.7
10,076.6
809.3
308.2
8,599.7
359.4
2,774.6
307.4
1,367.0
936.9
163.3
5,224.0
405.6
359.6
190.6
2,526.3
395.8
1,346.1
10,006.4
7,044.5
2,961.9
9,852.7
4,716.2
247.8
1,625.8
596.3
2,033.5
633.1
13.742.7
2,277.4
1,137.5
2,050.1
3,180.6
1,209.9
1,737.0
1,336.5
813.7
18,574.4
4,394.6
2,205.5
4,788.8
3,609.4
1,887.0
1,688.9
8,947.6
732.7
1,463.5
1,035.5
5,271.6
444.3
4,594.7
1,119.2
1,953.1
609.9
912.5
2,613.8
234.0
236.6
280.4
187.4
1,150.0
525.4
10,822.8
895.4
350.3
9,199.8
377.3
2,989.8
331.3
1,485.6
1,009.4
163.5
5,393.5
415.9
378.5
197.9
2,603.5
400.0
1,397.7
10,206.6
7,179.4
3,027.2
10,140.2
4,806.1
256.7
1,691.3
612.5
2,115.0
658.6
14,280.5
2,373.0
1,176.0
2,127.5
3,381.2
1,245.4
1,777.3
1,362.0
838.1
18,968.6
4,484.7
2,236.3
4,883.3
3,637.1
1,960.2
1,767.0
9,416.9
749.4
1,517.4
1,087.3
5,601.8
461.0
4,720.8
1,131.7
2,011.1
631.2
946.8
2,736.5
244.2
241.4
283.8
200.7
1,218.0
548.4
11,422.3
979.9
383.7
9,664.6
394.1
3,142.3
338.0
1,581.2
1,056.2
166.9
5.481.5
418.3
385.4
200.1
2,652.2
398.3
1,426.8
10,267.5
7,207.1
3.060.4
10,143.3
4,753.1
259.2
1,711.8
616.1
2,157.2
645.9
14,447.0
2,380.0
1,188.8
2,159.4
3,576.2
1,210.0
1,747.2
1,356.1
829.3
18,515.9
4,367.4
2,129.5
4,867.1
3,442.8
1,938.1
1,771.0
9,775.5
742.3
1,578.9
1,137.7
5,851.2
465.4
4,652.0
1,109.9
1,969.8
627.6
944.7
2,775.7
245.2
238.0
280.4
210.2
1,251.1
550.8
11,671.1
1,014.0
400.0
9,852.4
404.7
3.152.3
330.0
1,608.3
1,044.6
169.4
5,512.3
419.2
394.6
204.3
2,654.1
401.4
1,438.7
10,385.4
7,287.3
3,098.1
10,104.2
4,728.9
259.2
1,715.8
611.0
2,160.8
628.5
14,643.0
2,391.6
1,196.1
2,198.6
3,736.9
1,196.0
1,757.1
1,347.6
819.1
18,231.5
4,317.6
2,114.4
4,752.5
3,364.4
1,919.9
1,762.7
10,227.4
740.1
1,630.5
1,201.5
6,179.8
475.5
4,617.8
1,088.6
1,956.3
623.2
949.7
2,843.9
249.4
236.0
281.8
223.5
1,295.2
558.0
11,853.1
1,040.8
411.2
9,996.3
404.8
3,135.5
327.8
1,612.0
1,018.4
177.3
2,822.1
410.6
393.1
202.3
—
390.6
1,425.5
10,319.3
7,234.1
3,085.2
9,823.6
4,561.3
258.6
1,669.7
595.8
1,129.6
608.6
14,424.9
2,338.4
1,162.0
2,201.5
3,762.0
1,164.4
1,688.3
1,315.0
793.3
12,914.2
4,138.7
2,010.3
—
3,189.3
1,867.2
1,708.7
10,313.2
719.3
1,614.0
1,232.2
6,273.8
473.9
4,469.5
1,030.6
1,916.2
603.5
919.2
2,841.7
250.5
230.1
271.9
217.2
1,311.7
560.3
11,661.5
1,029.3
405.7
9,825.4
401.1
2,724.4
1,569.2
1,569.2
960.8
194.4
‘ Beginning in 1956, Federal employment in the Maryland and Virginia
sectors of the Washington, D.C., SMSA is not included in the data for the
District of Columbia.
2 Data not strictly comparable with prior years.
3Beginning with this year, data are based on the 1972
ClassificationManual.
StandardIndustrial
4 Beginning in 1960, data include Hawaii.
173
5Beginning in 1960, data include Alaska.
6Prior to 1970, Federal employment in the Maryland and Virginia sectors
of the Washington, D.C., SMSA is not included in the data for Maryland and
Virginia.
N o t e : Dash indicates data are not available. Data are based on the 1972
SIC Manual unless otherwise noted.
Table 75. Employees on manufacturing payrolls by region and State, selected years, 1939-82
[In thousands]
Region and State
1939
1945
1950
1955
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
Region I..................................................................................
Maine...............................................................................
New Hampshire..............................................................
Vermont..........................................................................
Massachusetts................................................................
Rhode Island...................................................................
Connecticut.....................................................................
Region II..................................................................................
New York.........................................................................
New Jersey......................................................................
Region III.................................................................................
Pennsylvania...................................................................
Delaware..........................................................................
Maryland..........................................................................
District of Columbia........................................................
Virginia.............................................................................
West Virginia...................................................................
Region IV................................................................................
North Carolina.................................................................
South Carolina................................................................
Georgia............................................................................
Florida..............................................................................
Kentucky..........................................................................
Tennessee.......................................................................
Alabama...........................................................................
Mississippi.......................................................................
Region V..................................................................................
Ohio..................................................................................
Indiana.............................................................................
Illinois...............................................................................
Michigan..........................................................................
Wisconsin........................................................................
Minnesota........................................................................
Region VI.................................................................................
Arkansas..........................................................................
Louisiana..........................................................................
Oklahoma........................................................................
T exas...............................................................................
New Mexico.....................................................................
1,178.8
95.1
69.2
28.0
574.4
128.9
283.2
1,503.4
113.2
74.5
41.2
734.0
142.3
398.2
1,468.6
109.0
79.1
36.9
715.7
148.0
379.9
1,484.1
108.3
83.1
37.1
700.7
131.7
423.2
1,451.7
104.5
87.0
35.3
698.0
119.7
407.2
1,428.2
103.2
85.9
33.8
684.9
116.8
403.6
1,423.4
102.8
85.9
34.9
663.5
115.5
420.8
1,411.2
104.0
85.6
34.7
649.9
116.0
421.0
1,941.0
1,356.3
584.7
2,672.2
1,915.8
756.4
2,817.9
2,006.8
811.1
2,687.5
1,878.7
808.8
2,614.5
1,823.0
791.5
2,613.5
1,804.1
809.4
2,601.5
1,794.8
806.7
1,547.1
1,061.4
29.8
172.4
15.4
172.6
95.5
2,804.3
1,989.8
814.5
2,180.2
1,485.4
47.0
271.4
16.7
225.3
134.4
1,453.3
104.3
88.6
35.6
687.6
118.9
418.3
2,650.7
1,837.9
812.8
2,151.1
1,485.5
51.8
232.9
20.0
229.5
131.4
2,183.9
1,444.5
58.9
259.9
21.0
275.0
124.6
2,111.8
1,383.0
55.4
256.7
20.6
276.0
120.1
2,154.2
1,403.9
56.1
258.6
20.6
292.4
122.6
2,162.8
1,401.0
59.1
260.4
20.6
297.5
124.2
2,210.4
1,434.8
61.9
258.2
20.7
308.6
126.2
1,177.4
318.1
145.2
190.3
71.9
87.2
162.4
142.9
59.4
1,637.7
370.9
175.0
279.1
110.8
132.6
256.6
225.0
87.7
1,708.5
414.4
210.2
287.1
102.9
140.5
249.2
217.5
86.7
2,245.8
1,515.0
59.5
266.2
19.7
254.9
130.5
1,979.0
456.1
231.2
335.6
147.6
169.7
295.9
238.0
104.9
2,145.3
504.5
244.6
341.6
207.5
173.2
315.0
238.7
120.2
2,128.8
504.3
246.5
333.9
211.8
167.4
313.1
232.8
119.0
2,237.5
525.6
260.1
350.5
223.1
176.4
331.6
242.2
128.0
2,406.7
557.1
277.7
378.9
237.9
194.0
361.5
259.2
140.4
2,924.0
769.8
352.5
804.3
626.4
258.8
112.2
4,540.6
1,218.2
539.0
1,182.8
960.9
430.0
209.7
4,710.7
1,220.0
580.1
l 1,212.6
1,063.2
434.5
1200.3
5,127.6
1,370.6
628.6
1,290.2
1,164.2
458.0
216.0
4,741.3
1,264.8
593.9
1,225.4
976.6
460.4
229.2
4,672.7
1,218.2
601.8
1,214.0
943.7
455.9
239.1
379.5
47.0
103.2
42.4
183.0
3.9
698.4
69.5
164.0
89.2
369.3
6.4
660.2
75.7
145.0
65.6
363.6
10.3
802.6
85.7
154.8
88.5
461.1
12.5
839.3
103.0
144.9
86.6
487.7
17.1
4,478.0
1,183.2
568.2
1,179.3
879.4
439.0
228.9
831.8
105.6
138.7
86.5
484.4
16.6
2,313.0
537.0
269.6
363.8
229.3
184.7
344.7
249.4
134.5
4,753.9
1,236.6
614.5
1,218.6
980.7
461.4
242.1
866.0
114.0
141.9
90.4
502.1
17.6
892.9
119.4
148.9
90.9
516.5
17.2
937.1
126.7
155.4
96.6
540.5
17.9
Region VII...............................................................................
Iowa..................................................................................
Missouri............................................................................
Nebraska.........................................................................
Kansas.............................................................................
Region VIII..............................................................................
North Dakota...................................................................
South Dakota..................................................................
Montana...........................................................................
Wyoming..........................................................................
Colorado..........................................................................
Utah..................................................................................
410.2
92.1
239.5
29.8
48.8
82.1
4.3
7.4
12.2
4.4
36.1
17.7
693.3
145.3
372.1
58.3
117.6
660.4
154.9
356.5
51.8
97.2
757.6
177.1
395.6
66.5
118.4
759.9
179.0
396.8
66.2
117.9
779.5
183.5
405.7
67.2
123.1
135.3
6.1
11.6
17.9
6.4
63.6
29.7
186.3
6.5
13.0
20.3
8.4
90.6
47.5
733.6
171.6
378.5
66.3
117.2
194.0
6.3
13.7
20.3
8.4
94.8
50.5
753.1
174.8
390.3
67.6
120.4
119.5
5.7
10.2
14.4
5.8
59.2
24.2
755.7
171.4
391.6
61.2
131.5
153.0
6.6
11.9
20.3
6.9
71.7
35.6
200.8
7.0
14.0
21.9
7.5
96.1
54.3
204.0
7.8
14.8
22.3
7.2
96.4
55.5
196.8
8.4
13.3
21.4
7.7
93.5
52.5
Region IX.................................................................................
Arizona.............................................................................
Nevada.............................................................................
California..........................................................................
Hawaii..............................................................................
394.3
8.5
1.4
384.4
—
217.9
13.9
120.1
83.9
—
884.1
20.1
3.2
860.8
—
406.4
17.9
236.1
152.4
—
780.2
17.0
3.5
759.7
—
339.0
22.4
178.6
138.0
—
1,159.8
32.7
6.0
1,121.1
—
379.5
25.8
207.5
146.2
—
21,397.6
49.3
5.4
1,317.2
25.7
1,400.4
51.0
5.7
1,318.0
25.7
1,468.7
55.2
6.0
1,382.5
25.0
1,484.1
58.0
6.8
1,394.3
25.0
1,481.0
59.5
6.9
1,389.4
25.2
3395.6
28.8
216.6
144.4
5.8
391.7
29.9
217.5
139.1
5.2
412.0
30.5
232.6
143.4
5.5
405.2
30.4
224.0
145.1
5.7
408.4
31.8
219.3
151.7
5.6
Region X..................................................................................
Idaho................................................................................
Washington......................................................................
Oregon.............................................................................
Alaska..............................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
174
4,885.1
1,259.1
630.9
1,253.3
1,025.8
469.6
246.4
Table 75. Employees on manufacturing payrolls by region and State, selected years, 1939-82
—Continued
[In thousands]
Region and State
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
Region I...................................................................................
Maine...............................................................................
New Hampshire..............................................................
Vermont...........................................................................
Massachusetts................................................................
Rhode Island...................................................................
Connecticut.....................................................................
Region II..................................................................................
New York.........................................................................
New Jersey......................................................................
1,459.6
108.0
89.8
38.6
665.8
121.3
436.1
1,549.4
115.0
96.0
43.4
696.0
127.6
471.4
1,564.7
116.3
97.6
44.2
699.7
127.4
479.5
1,553.2
118.0
99.7
43.7
690.1
127.4
474.3
1,539.2
115.7
97.9
43.4
682.6
127.9
471.7
1453.6
110.4
91.6
40.5
648.3
120.9
441.9
1,341.3
102.7
86.3
37.9
600.2
115.2
399.0
1,363.0
102.4
90.8
38.5
610.2
121.0
400.1
2,675.6
1,838.1
837.5
2,773.8
1,894.5
879.3
2,768.5
1,885.7
882.8
2,764.3
1,879.0
885.3
2,763.3
1,870.8
892.5
2,621.3
1,760.6
860.7
2,451.8
1,633.5
818.3
2,425.5
1,602.2
823.3
1,422.6
104.5
96.0
41.6
634.7
125.6
420.2
2,461.7
1,619.1
842.6
2,299.5
1,494.1
67.8
264.8
21.1
322.5
129.2
2,410.8
1,565.3
71.0
279.8
21.7
340.0
133.0
2,418.6
1,562.4
71.7
283.3
22.0
346.0
133.2
2,440.0
1,570.0
72.9
280.6
21.4
362.7
132.4
2,467.0
1,588.9
73.6
281.7
20.8
371.0
131.0
2,383.1
1,528.8
71.1
271.4
19.3
366.0
126.5
2,266.9
1,438.1
68.8
252.4
18.5
366.2
122.9
2,291.1
1,444.0
69.4
248.8
17.8
387.8
123.3
2,359.0
1,480.1
73.7
257.0
17.4
401.8
129.0
2,566.7
590.6
293.0
403.9
252.6
207.8
386.6
279.2
153.0
2,775.7
638.1
313.7
431.5
276.1
228.6
424.2
- 296.9
166.6
2,846.2
657.5
319.0
438.9
293.8
234.2
434.8
300.6
167.4
2,960.4
686.1
327.3
452.9
311.4
242.9
454.3
310.0
175.5
3,091.5
714.0
341.5
477.6
329.2
250.4
469.0
327.3
182.5
3,071.2
713.0
340.3
467.1
322.5
255.2
463.8
327.2
182.1
3,062.8
716.2
337.2
461.7
322.7
253.3
459.5
322.7
189.5
3,237.6
756.8
354.3
476.6
351.3
268.3
489.2
333.4
207.7
3,426.5
796.9
374.9
494.5
380.6
288.3
519.4
350.9
221.0
5,174.1
1,326.0
673.6
1,318.4
1,102.6
491.9
261.6
5,499.6
1,404.4
719.7
1,410.5
1,169.0
508.6
287.4
5,547.4
1,433.5
722.9
1,404.0
1,162.0
510.3
314.7
5,686.1
1,471.0
752.3
1,417.4
1,193.1
520.9
331.4
5,369.8
1,409.9
710.2
1,358.6
1,071.5
500.9
318.7
5,127.3
1,333.8
683.4
1,282.4
1,049.3
479.6
298.8
5,243.4
1,346.8
709.4
1,284.2
1,097.4
495.4
310.2
5,580.7
1,426.3
758.2
1,354.5
1,178.8
531.7
331.2
989.7
135.9
161.1
103.0
572.1
17.6
1,072.0
149.7
168.3
113.3
622.1
18.6
5,476.4
1,401.4
716.0
1,409.6
1,138.5
508.7
302.2
1,126.7
153.4
176.7
116.4
661.9
18.3
1,190.5
159.0
181.9
121.7
709.4
18.5
1,254.5
169.1
184.6
129.9
750.2
20.7
1,237.4
168.6
179.0
134.1
734.3
21.4
1,216.0
172.5
177.7
132.7
710.5
22.6
1,274.3
185.2
183.2
141.1
738.7
26.1
1,361.9
200.4
190.5
151.9
790.2
28.9
877.8
212.1
448.7
74.7
142.3
206.8
8.9
14.3
22.9
6.8
102.7
51.2
1,640.3
77.7
7.1
1,531.3
24.2
905.7
219.3
457.4
79.7
149.3
210.5
8.6
15.4
22.4
7.1
106.1
50.9
927.9
225.4
465.7
86.2
150.6
229.5
9.0
15.9
24.1
7.4
118.3
54.8
1,788.9
94.2
8.2
1,661.3
25.2
887.1
216.0
449.4
84.5
137.2
233.8
9.9
15.8
23.9
7.4
120.8
56.0
1,683.4
91.2
8.6
1,558.0
25.6
855.2
209.8
430.3
82.6
132.5
238.1
10.2
16.5
23.9
7.5
123.5
56.5
1,596.4
89.2
8.8
1,473.2
25.2
956.0
241.3
459.7
90.5
164.5
274.0
12.6
19.8
24.8
8.4
143.3
65.1
1,704.6
79.1
6.8
1,594.0
24.7
919.6
223.1
462.7
82.8
151.0
217.2
8.9
15.9
23.2
6.8
110.5
51.9
1,755.5
84.9
7.1
1,639.7
23.8
895.1
222.9
441.5
85.0
145.7
253.6
10.8
18.4
24.5
7.9
131.5
60.5
Region IX.................................................................................
Arizona.............................................................................
Nevada.............................................................................
California..........................................................................
Hawaii..............................................................................
806.4
192.9
420.1
68.7
124.7
194.0
8.7
13.5
22.1
7.1
92.6
50.0
1,507.7
64.9
7.1
1,411.2
24.5
1,669.4
98 7
9.8
1,536.0
24.9
1,799.3
110.2
11.8
1,653.5
23.8
Region X..................................................................................
Idaho................................................................................
Washington......................................................................
Oregon............................................................................
Alaska..............................................................................
424.8
33.3
227.0
158.2
6.3
474.6
35.6
265.2
167.2
6.6
484.4
35.3
277.1
165.4
6.6
505.4
37.9
286.9
173.7
6.9
506.2
39.9
278.5
180.5
7.3
460.7
40.3
239.5
172.3
8.6
438.0
41.2
214.7
174.3
7.8
459.8
43.6
224.1
184.0
8.1
497.5
46.9
244.2
196.9
9.5
Region III.................................................................................
Pennsylvania...................................................................
Delaware..........................................................................
Maryland..........................................................................
District of Columbia.........................................................
Virginia.............................................................................
West Virginia...................................................................
Region IV.................................................................................
North Carolina.................................................................
South Carolina................................................................
Georgia............................................................................
Florida..............................................................................
Kentucky.......................................................... ...............
Tennessee.......................................................................
Alabama...........................................................................
Mississippi.......................................................................
Region V..................................................................................
Ohio..................................................................................
Indiana.............................................................................
Illinois...............................................................................
Michigan..........................................................................
Wisconsin........................................................................
Minnesota........................................................................
Region VI................................................................................
Arkansas..........................................................................
Louisiana..........................................................................
Oklahoma........................................................................
T exas...............................................................................
New Mexico.....................................................................
Region VII...............................................................................
Iowa..................................................................................
Missouri............................................................................
Nebraska.........................................................................
Kansas.............................................................................
Region VIII..............................................................................
North Dakota...................................................................
South Dakota..................................................................
Montana...........................................................................
Wyoming..........................................................................
Colorado..........................................................................
Utah..................................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
175
Table 75. Employees on manufacturing payrolls by region and State, selected years, 1939-82
—Continued
[In thousands]
Region and State
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
Region I...................................................................................
Maine...............................................................................
New Hampshire..............................................................
Vermont...........................................................................
Massachusetts................................................................
Rhode Island...................................................................
Connecticut.....................................................................
1,438.3
105.1
94.2
42.8
639.3
126.0
430.9
1,301.2
96.3
85.1
39.5
577.8
112.7
389.8
1,351.5
102.5
94.5
41.0
593.6
122.9
397.0
1,407.2
105.9
101.4
43.4
621.0
128.8
406.7
1,474.9
111.3
109.8
47.7
652.1
134.4
419.6
1,522.9
114.6
116.5
50.8
672.1
132.6
436.3
1,524.6
113.2
116.6
50.9
674.9
128.2
440.8
1,514.9
113.5
116.6
51.3
666.8
127.7
439.0
801.9
107.4
112.1
49.1
Region II..................................................................................
New York.........................................................................
New Jersey........;.............................................................
2,400.5
1,574.6
825.9
2,169.8
1,421.9
747.9
1,195.1
1,438.9
756.2
2,226.9
1,459.6
767.3
2,268.0
1,481.2
786.8
2,292.0
1,492.8
799.2
2,226.1
1,455.1
781.0
2,204.0
1,433.3
770.7
2,089.5
1,361.8
727.7
Region III.................................................................................
Pennsylvania...................................................................
Delaware..........................................................................
Maryland..........................................................................
District of Columbia........................................................
Virginia.............................................................................
West Virginia...................................................................
2,340.8
1,464.5
70.8
254.5
17.0
401.9
132.1
2,138.6
1334.8
65.7
230.0
15.5
371.5
121.1
2,163.2
1,335.2
68.2
232.4
15.3
387.7
124.4
2,184.0
1,341.9
67.6
235.1
14.8
400.8
123.8
2,229.3
1,367.8
69.0
241.5
15.0
409.4
126.6
2,259.1
1,386.8
70.2
246.9
15.3
413.8
126.1
2,182.2
1,328.2
70.9
236.7
15.4
413.8
117.2
2,141.7
1,299.0
71.0
231.7
14.5
414.0
111.5
1,957.4
1,167.1
67.9
212.2
13.6
397.7
98.9
Region IV................................................................................
North Carolina.................................................................
South Carolina................................................................
Georgia............................................................................
Florida..............................................................................
Kentucky..........................................................................
Tennessee.......................................................................
Alabama...........................................................................
Mississippi.......................................................................
3,403.0
789.6
375.9
483.7
375.9
290.9
513.3
353.7
220.0
3,076.5
715.5
339.9
439.3
339.4
259.7
459.0
321.9
201.8
3,276.1
756.3
371.0
476.3
354.0
273.3
486.1
340.2
218.9
3,412.9
780.9
380.2
494.1
380.9
284.9
507.5
354.3
230.1
3,552.0
807.2
391.1
515.8
415.5
292.2
526.0
368.9
235.3
3,630.4
826.8
399.5
528.5
443.6
297.2
524.7
374.9
235.2
3,551.3
820.0
391.9
519.2
456.4
276.2
502.7
363.1
221.8
3,568.4
820.7
389.8
524.6
472.2
270.2
508.6
362.0
220.3
3,359.6
781.3
362.2
500.9
459.9
246.8
468.0
337.0
203.5
Region V..................................................................................
Ohio..................................................................................
Indiana.............................................................................
Illinois...............................................................................
Michigan..........................................................................
Wisconsin........................................................................
Minnesota........................................................................
5,499.7
1,416.6
737.2
1,345.1
1,114.0
546.1
340.7
4,918.1
1,267.5
647.2
1,199.8
983.7
507.0
312.9
5,098.3
1,295.3
685.1
1,215.2
1,061.7
519.4
321.6
5,306.7
1,344.1
713.2
1,241.3
1,128.4
540.4
339.3
5,504.4
1,377.2
741.5
1,276.0
1,179.6
569.7
360.4
5,520.2
1,382.3
733.2
1,271.6
1,160.2
591.3
381.6
5,057.6
1,264.3
657.0
1,208.2
998.9
558.0
371.2
4,906.2
1,232.6
652.6
1,134.9
979.0
543.1
364.0
3,403.6
1,103.6
583.3
Region VI.................................................................................
Arkansas..........................................................................
Louisiana..........................................................................
Oklahoma........................................................................
T exas...............................................................................
New Mexico.....................................................................
1,414.0
203.9
192.5
156.7
831.3
29.6
1,360.6
179.2
186.2
150.7
815.9
28.6
1,439.2
195.1
195.4
156.1
862.3
30.3
1,501.3
209.3
203.3
163.0
893.5
32.2
1,595.6
217.5
209.5
172.4
962.8
33.4
1,672.2
217.8
213.6
184.1
1,021.9
34.8
1,705.9
209.1
214.2
191.3
1,056.9
34.4
1,781.6
209.7
222.1
200.2
1,115.3
34.3
1,697.3
195.8
205.7
183.6
1,060.2
34.0
Region VII...............................................................................
Iowa..................................................................................
Missouri............................................................................
Nebraska.........................................................................
Kansas.............................................................................
964.1
249.9
451.6
93.4
169.2
885.3
230.4
405.3
85.4
164.2
913.4
234.0
424.9
87.9
166.6
948.7
245.6
439.6
90.6
172.9
989.3
252.5
456.8
94.1
185.9
1,022.7
259.8
464.4
99.6
198.9
968.7
244.8
437.0
96.4
190.5
947.5
236.5
427.5
94.9
188.6
867.7
207.7
407.3
86.5
166.2
Region VIII..............................................................................
North Dakota...................................................................
South Dakota..................................................................
Montana...........................................................................
Wyoming..........................................................................
Colorado..........................................................................
Utah..................................................................................
285.5
14.7
20.9
24.5
8.4
146.6
70.4
271.1
16.2
19.8
22.1
8.3
137.2
67.5
285.7
16.2
22.2
23.7
8.4
144.5
70.7
300.1
15.3
23.4
25.1
9.0
152.8
74.5
325.0
15.7
24.9
26.3
9.6
168.2
80.3
348.7
16.7
27.5
27.0
10.1
180.6
86.8
343.6
15.6
26.1
24.2
9.6
180.4
87.7
350.1
15.3
25.9
23.2
9.9
186.2
89.6
337.9
14.9
25.0
20.1
9.2
182.8
85.9
Region IX.................................................................................
Arizona.............................................................................
Nevada.............................................................................
California..........................................................................
Hawaii..............................................................................
1,842.0
112.9
12.3
1,694.1
22.7
1,722.6
99.8
12.2
1,586.9
23.7
1,792.9
105.6
13.0
1,650.9
23.4
1,880.5
113.9
15.1
1,728.3
23.2
2,043.6
126.9
17.8
1,875.2
23.7
2,190.2
144.1
19.4
2,002.7
24.0
2,205.4
154.4
19.2
2,007.8
24.0
2,226.4
160.6
20.1
2,022.7
23.0
2,121.9
152.2
18.8
1,928.4
22.5
Region X..................................................................................
Idaho................................................................................
Washington......................................................................
Oregon.............................................................................
Alaska..............................................................................
508.3
48.0
253.6
196.8
9.9
483.5
47.8
244.0
182.1
9.6
503.4
52.0
247.4
193.7
10.3
531.1
54.1
260.0
206.1
10.9
573.5
58.1
284.7
219.1
11.6
609.1
58.3
309.6
228.5
12.7
590.5
53.3
308.7
215.1
13.4
570.7
52.7
303.3
202.7
12.0
534.4
47.8
289.9
185.6
11.1
1982
—
117.1
416.2
—
874.1
496.3
346.3
_______________
1Beginning with this year, data are based on the 1972
ClassificationManual.
2 Beginning in 1960, data include Hawaii.
StandardIndustrial
3 Beginning in 1960, data include Alaska.
Note: Dash indicates data are not available. Data are based on the 1972
SIC Manual unless otherwise noted.
176
Table 76. Employees on government payrolls by region and State, selected years, 1939-82
[In thousands]
Region and State
Region I...................................................................................
Maine...............................................................................
New Hampshire..............................................................
Vermont...........................................................................
Massachusetts................................................................
Rhode Island...................................................................
Connecticut.....................................................................
Region II..................................................................................
New York.........................................................................
New Jersey......................................................................
Region III2...............................................................................
Pennsylvania...................................................................
Delaware..........................................................................
Maryland3........................................................................
District of Columbia4.......................................................
Virginia3...........................................................................
West Virginia...................................................................
Region IV................................................................................
North Carolina.................................................................
South Carolina................................................................
Georgia............................................................................
Florida..............................................................................
Kentucky..........................................................................
Tennessee.......................................................................
Alabama...........................................................................
Mississippi.......................................................................
Region V..................................................................................
Indiana.............................................................................
Illinois...............................................................................
Michigan..........................................................................
Wisconsin........................................................................
Minnesota........................................................................
Region VI.................................................................................
Arkansas..........................................................................
Louisiana..........................................................................
Oklahoma........................................................................
T exas...............................................................................
New Mexico.....................................................................
Region VII...............................................................................
Iowa..................................................................................
Missouri............................................................................
Nebraska.........................................................................
Kansas.............................................................................
Region VIII..............................................................................
North Dakota...................................................................
South Dakota..................................................................
Montana...........................................................................
Wyoming..........................................................................
Colorado..........................................................................
Utah..................................................................................
Region IX.................................................................................
Arizona.............................................................................
Nevada.............................................................................
California..........................................................................
Hawaii..............................................................................
Region X..................................................................................
Idaho................................................................................
Washington......................................................................
Oregon.............................................................................
Alaska..............................................................................
1939
1945
1955
1960
1963
1964
17.3
248.0
40.1
93.7
511.6
51.5
28.0
18.9
267.5
42.4
103.3
526.5
52.9
29.0
19.5
272.7
43.4
109.0
941.7
735.3
206.4
1,079.8
837.7
242.1
1,103.9
850.3
253.6
1,138.5
875.7
262.8
1,169.3
897.2
272.1
895.6
338.7
10.6
97.2
246.8
142.8
59.5
1,018.5
396.1
14.8
123.6
251.7
171.0
61.3
1,084.9
436.1
18.7
142.8
228.7
191.1
67.5
1,125.6
451.0
19.4
151.2
232.9
199.6
71.5
1,165.3
465.1
20.9
159.4
240.8
207.7
71.4
1,200.7
474.8
22.6
166.0
249.5
215.7
72.1
1,204.1
924.1
280.0
1,234.4
488.6
23.9
174.1
251.3
221.2
75.3
769.2
111.6
64.2
120.6
119.2
79.9
111.2
98.2
64.3
955.8
137.3
82.4
149.6
157.4
100.1
128.1
130.0
70.9
1,170.7
164.2
96.2
186.1
220.5
110.1
146.3
159.8
87.5
1,216.7
171.0
98.3
191.9
232.3
114.6
151.9
165.9
90.8
1,262.5
178.8
99.5
197.2
247.4
120.2
157.4
167.8
94.2
1,311.1
185.6
103.1
204.0
262.5
125.2
163.5
170.0
97.2
1,363.5
192.7
106.8
210.8
278.7
128.4
173.3
173.3
99.5
1,099.9
1,205.1
1,380.3
1,650.0
1,701.3
1,751.9
280.1 Ohio..................................................................................
294.8
344.1
399.2
424.2
412.5
126.7
138.0
157.6
188.5
194.0
201.3
*314.3
365.1
416.9
433.8
447.0
294.6
222.4
254.1
332.7
194.0
336.9
342.6
131.0
163.2
170.4
174.6
108.6
120.3
128.4
153.7
162.2
95.9
*115.3
149.5
890.4
559.7
568.9
834.6
701.6
860.0
51.5
72.9
76.1
55.1
57.9
70.2
154.4
97.4
102.0
122.8
145.2
150.3
93.0
91.7
124.7
127.0
131.0
116.8
285.7
357.7
461.2
290.2
431.0
444.5
28.5
46.4
67.7
33.5
63.5
65.3
1,813.5
431.7
209.7
459.3
359.3
181.7
171.8
1,877.0
440.3
219.2
475.0
372.8
190.4
179.3
918.8
74.6
158.3
134.9
480.7
70.3
540.7
129.5
202.9
87.7
120.6
948.6
76.5
163.4
136.9
500.0
71.8
559.0
133.1
210.6
89.1
126.2
472.9
48.2
843.0
661.3
181.7
618.9
286.8
8.3
57.1
143.8
81.8
41.1
978.4
390.6
9.8
88.6
270.2
166.4
52.8
480.4
69.0
43.6
69.3
59.5
62.2
66.5
60.9
49.4
768.2
104.2
81.7
131.7
125.5
70.6
93.0
101.5
60.0
346.8
40.9
70.1
62.7
153.3
19.8
1962
497.8
50.3
27.0
18.2
261.7
41.9
98.7
414.4
41.9
19.6
15.0
221.3
36.8
79.8
857.7
201.8
96.5
215.1
144.3
100.9
99.1
1961
486.8
49.5
26.4
17.8
255.5
41.2
96.4
378.9
37.2
21.9
13.7
208.1
31.9
66.1
822.7
651.7
171.0
296.9
29.7
21.9
9.5
159.9
24.1
51.8
575.7
453.1
122.6
389.3
48.4
20.5
13.3
212.4
39.6
55.1
125.6
306.4
75.0
113.0
54.4
64.0
380.4
86.9
141.4
67.7
84.4
395.1
100.5
151.4
63.3
79.9
441.2
103.4
168.6
74.2
95.0
502.4
117.2
190.3
80.8
114.1
515.0
122.3
192.7
83.6
116.4
527.7
125.4
198.0
85.4
118.9
141.3
18.1
25.6
25.0
11.1
41.2
20.3
275.7
19.0
6.4
250.3
199.1
20.8
27.3
25.3
13.0
59.5
53.2
208.4
24.5
28.4
28.3
15.7
67.4
44.1
247.1
26.4
31.8
30.9
18.1
86.2
53.7
318.4
32.3
40.2
40.0
22.5
118.3
65.1
358.2
38.8
44.4
44.7
24.6
132.0
73.7
578.7
34.6
10.8
533.3
739.8
45.0
13.6
681.2
1,063.5
72.6
20.2
920.3
50.4
332.1
33.9
42.2
41.1
22.8
123.5
68.6
1,113.7
77.7
22.0
962.8
51.2
346.4
36.4
43.0
43.0
23.8
128.6
71.6
578.0
32.9
11.4
533.7
1,160.3
81.6
24 2
1,001.6
52 9
1,209.6
85.3
26 4
1,043.5
54 4
131.9
18.2
72.5
41.2
233.5
25.2
157.3
51.0
222.4
24.9
133.7
63.8
256.9
26.4
155.6
74.9
303.6
31.5
38.9
38.5
21.3
111 1
62.3
61,010.3
68.0
18 8
874.0
49.5
7317.1
32.7
166.6
95.3
22.5
328.5
34.4
170.1
100.2
23.8
340.2
36.4
175 4
103.4
25.0
352.7
37.8
179 9
107.9
27.1
362.1
38.1
184 6
111 3
28.1
See footnotes at end of table.
1950
177
Table 76. Employees on government payrolls by region and State, selected years, 1939-82
—Continued
[In thousands!
Region and State
Region I...................................................................................
Maine...............................................................................
New Hampshire..............................................................
Vermont...........................................................................
Massachusetts................................................................
Rhode Island...................................................................
Connecticut.....................................................................
Region II..................................................................................
New York.........................................................................
New Jersey......................................................................
Region III2...............................................................................
Pennsylvania...................................................................
Delaware..........................................................................
Maryland3........................................................................
District of Columbia4......................................................
Virginia 3...........................................................................
West Virginia...................................................................
Region IV.................................................................................
North Carolina.................................................................
South Carolina................................................................
Georgia............................................................................
Florida..............................................................................
Kentucky..........................................................................
Tennessee.......................................................................
Alabama...........................................................................
Mississippi.......................................................................
Region V..................................................................................
Ohio.................................................................................
Indiana.............................................................................
Illinois...............................................................................
Michigan..........................................................................
Wisconsin........................................................................
Minnesota........................................................................
Region VI................................................................................
Arkansas..........................................................................
Louisiana..........................................................................
Oklahoma........................................................................
T exas...............................................................................
New Mexico.....................................................................
Region VII...............................................................................
Iowa..................................................................................
Missouri............................................................................
Nebraska.........................................................................
Kansas.............................................................................
Region VIII..............................................................................
North Dakota...................................................................
South Dakota..................................................................
Montana...........................................................................
Wyoming..........................................................................
Colorado..........................................................................
Utah..................................................................................
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
545.2
54.3
30.1
20.3
278.5
46.1
115.9
567.4
57.4
31.4
21.2
286.2
48.7
122.5
595.0
59.5
33.4
22.3
297.1
51.2
131.5
614.2
61.6
34.4
23.4
302.5
52.3
140.0
638.6
64.3
35.5
24.4
310.7
52.8
150.9
661.3
66.4
37.3
126.2
319.9
53.6
157.9
682.1
68.7
38.8
27.2
330.6
55.9
160.9
703.9
694
41.2
28.2
343.1
56.8
165.2
717.6
70.7
43,4
28.7
351.6
55.5
167.7
1,254.0
958.6
295.4
1,324.4
1,012.4
312.0
1,402.3
1,073.1
329.2
1,468.2
1,123.8
344.4
1,536.1
1,176.0
360.1
1,592.9
1,218.1
374.8
1,627.8
1,239.8
388.0
1,649.2
1,243.9
405.3
1,685.7
1,268.6
417.1
1,293.8
508.4
25.0
183.8
262.7
232.2
81.7
1,453.9
567.2
27.9
218.2
278.0
270.5
92.1
1,492.8
588.1
29.3
232.3
264.6
283.6
94.9
1,526.3
609.4
31.9
243.2
254.4
292.4
95.0
1,655.4
618.7
35.0
301.0
249.7
355.1
95.9
1,707.5
629.2
36.8
314.9
256.7
371.9
98.0
1,757.5
651.9
39.0
327.0
260.2
380.0
99.4
1,791.0
658.7
39.2
338.1
259.6
391.2
104.2
1,441.3
201.6
111.1
222.8
301.2
135.2
185.1
179.1
105.2
1,378.6
536.1
26.3
201.9
274.6
251.2
88.5
1,554.9
217.4
121.0
243.9
326.2
145.2
195.3
191.6
114.3
1,640.9
231.6
128.4
263.0
342.3
155.5
201.8
197.7
120.6
1,713.5
244.4
134.0
275.3
361.8
163.3
208.2
201.4
125.1
1,772.1
254.3
140.8
286.1
377.9
166.1
214.2
204.7
128.0
1,848.6
264.2
149.9
297.5
397.8
172.6
225.9
209.5
131.2
1,913.5
268.4
156.7
309.6
419.1
180.5
231.9
213.6
133.7
1,989.1
275.3
165.6
320.9
437.9
188.5
240.6
220.9
139.4
2,061.8
281.8
170.7
328.2
469.9
194.3
246.2
225.7
145.0
1,979.0
458.6
232.2
502.4
394.9
201.0
189.9
2,122.7
483.0
254.1
536.5
432.3
215.2
201.6
2,251.6
509.5
271.4
572.0
454.3
230.3
214.1
2,337.6
528.3
285.3
593.4
470.6
244.6
215.4
2,414.4
544.8
280.9
615.6
493.7
255.3
224.1
2,497.1
565.5
286.4
638.9
505.9
265.5
234.9
2,540.7
577.2
296.3
648.6
508.7
270.2
239.7
2,593.6
589.1
301.4
654.3
5 526.8
275.8
246.2
2,635.4
597.8
303.8
666.5
534.4
276.3
256.6
1,003.4
84.9
171.7
145.8
525.6
75.4
1,083.9
91.6
185.4
158.8
567.1
81.0
1,149.5
93.4
197.4
168.2
607.1
83.4
1,185.8
97.0
201.8
171.9
630.1
85.0
1,222.3
100.9
208.2
175.5
651.4
86.3
1,244.1
102.7
213.2
176.7
662.3
89.2
623.8
148.8
244.7
93.3
137.0
404.2
42.1
48.2
48.1
26.9
148.2
90.7
658.2
157.1
260.3
197.6
143.2
4296
44.4
49.3
51.8
28.4
157.7
98.0
676.3
163.8
269.1
97.4
146.0
440.1
47.2
50.3
53.3
28.1
162.4
98.8
698.3
171.7
276.1
100.9
149.6
448.1
48.4
53.0
52.1
28.1
166.9
99.6
718.1
176.0
284.1
104.7
153.3
460.7
49.3
53.1
52.6
28.4
177.2
100.1
473.5
49.3
52.6
54.3
29.4
184.7
103.2
1,332.1
108.5
227.9
184.9
714.8
96.0
754.8
180.2
297.5
114.3
162.8
487.2
51.3
53.7
55.4
30.5
190.8
105.5
1,380.3
110.1
233.2
192.2
745.3
99.5
586.9
138.8
225.4
‘ 92.5
130.2
375.5
40.3
46.6
45.9
25.6
137.7
79.4
1,276.4
104.9
216.0
179.0
684.2
92.3
735.4
178.3
292.9
109.1
155.1
Region IX.................................................................................
Arizona.............................................................................
Nevada.............................................................................
California..........................................................................
Hawaii..............................................................................
1,284.0
92.2
28.6
1,105.4
57.8
1,388.5
98.9
30.3
1,196.7
62.6
1,477.6
104.7
32.3
1,274.3
66.3
1,549.0
110.0
34.1
1,335.8
69.1
1,612.0
113.4
35.8
1,391.7
71.1
1,654.8
119.5
36.9
1,424.7
73.7
1,692.1
129.5
38.1
1,446.3
78.2
1,751.0
139.2
39.7
1,492.7
79.4
1,791.8
147.6
41.4
1,524.8
78.0
Region X..................................................................................
Idaho................................................................................
Washington......................................................................
Oregon............................................................................
Alaska..............................................................................
380.6
39.6
193.1
118.2
29.7
404.2
41.9
206.2
125.3
30.8
427.0
44.3
218.5
132.4
31.8
443.6
45.2
230.1
136.1
32.2
458.3
46.8
237.4
140.8
33.3
475.9
49.1
244.5
146.7
356
493.6
51.3
252.4
152.0
37.9
511.2
54.5
258.7
157.5
40.5
517.0
56.2
259.0
160.3
41.5
See footnotes at end of table.
178
773.1
182.8
306.9
116.9
166.5
495.6
52.2
53.8
55.4
31.3
197.2
105.7
Table 76. Employees on government payrolls by region and State, selected years, 1939-82
—Continued
[In thousands]
Region and State
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1980
1981
Region I...................................................................................
Maine...............................................................................
New Hampshire..............................................................
Vermont................................................................... .,.....
Massachusetts................................................................
Rhode Island...................................................................
Connecticut.....................................................................
Region II..................................................................................
New York.........................................................................
New Jersey......................................................................
Region III.................................................................................
Pennsylvania...................................................................
Delaware..........................................................................
Maryland..........................................................................
District of Columbia........................................................
Virginia.............................................................................
West Virginia...................................................................
Region IV................................................................................
North Carolina.................................................................
South Carolina................................................................
Georgia............................................................................
Florida..............................................................................
Kentucky..........................................................................
Tennessee.......................................................................
Alabama...........................................................................
Mississippi.......................................................................
Region V..................................................................................
Ohio..................................................................................
Indiana.............................................................................
Illinois...............................................................................
Michigan..........................................................................
Wisconsin........................................................................
Minnesota........................................................................
Region VI.................................................................................
Arkansas..........................................................................
Louisiana..........................................................................
Oklahoma........................................................................
T exas...............................................................................
New Mexico.....................................................................
728.2
72.9
45.6
29.3
354.3
55.1
171.0
1,741.8
1,301.9
439.9
1,847.8
682.0
39.1
349.1
265.3
405.9
106.4
2,176.8
303.2
182.2
340.5
510.5
198.5
256.4
235.1
150.4
2,705.2
613.1
308.0
680.9
562.5
276.9
263.8
1,434.7
115.6
241.6
199.0
776.0
102.5
753.7
74.8
48.0
30.5
365.1
56.6
178.7
1,798.9
1,328.7
470.2
1,928.4
721.4
40.3
366.1
269.7
422.8
108.1
2,309.5
328.2
199.8
354.8
546.0
208.3
271.3
247.5
153.5
2,804.1
626.4
323.3
714.5
583.1
285.4
271.4
1,496.5
120.9
248.7
206.3
815.8
104.8
763.9
75.2
49.9
30.9
375 8
57.0
175.1
1,754.1
1,273.6
480.5
1,956.9
722.1
40.6
372.1
275.9
436.6
109.6
2,365.3
347.9
203.3
366.1
542.8
213.0
283.1
252.9
156.2
2,841.0
632.2
332.5
717.2
594.5
288.6
276.0
1,540.3
125.3
253.0
207.0
847.0
108.0
807.5
77.7
53.8
34.3
407.9
58.2
175.6
1,774.8
1,270.8
504.0
1,970.6
710.9
41.4
378.1
275.6
453.6
111.0
2,464.4
367.6
213.7
384.0
565.7
212.0
291.2
266.3
163.9
2,872.2
642.3
342.0
717.8
596.7
287.1
286.3
1,584.9
128.6
257.4
212.4
875.5
111.0
839.1
81.5
54.3
35.1
429.2
59.8
179.2
1,838.1
1,315.1
523.0
2,050
720.7
42.8
401.9
281.6
482.7
120.3
2,613.5
386.4
223.8
407.9
601.8
220.3
305.6
285.9
181.8
2,947.0
667.5
349.1
728.0
611.4
298.2
292.8
1,674.9
135.9
280.3
218.4
923.7
116.6
830.8
82.6
55.1
35.8
416.7
59.3
181.3
1,829.1
1,311.3
517.8
2,091.9
720.7
44.4
418.7
284.5
493.5
130.1
2,673.3
397.2
228.8
418.7
600.5
230.4
313.9
291.6
192.2
2,991.5
674.0
347.6
743.2
621.0
310.1
295.6
1,726.5
139.1
289.7
224.0
953.2
120.5
832.3
83.3
57.3
37.0
410.3
59.2
185.2
1,844.1
1,314.4
529.7
2,129.8
723.3
45.2
434.8
282.2
511.2
133.1
2,734.3
409.9
236.4
429.2
618.8
230.9
317.2
297.4
194.5
3,052.3
689.9
346.6
766.3
627.8
321.1
300.6
1,773.5
141.1
300.8
228.5
978.1
125.0
802.9
82.6
56.7
36.2
386.5
58.5
182.4
1,829.3
1,300.3
529.0
2,073.8
703.4
44.5
415.9
273.2
506.6
130.2
2,701.1
403.7
233.0
431.1
620.1
224.3
311.7
291.3
185.9
2,999.3
676.0
339.7
767.2
598.4
319.0
299.0
1,804.2
138.1
303.8
235.7
1,000.8
125.8
Region VII...............................................................................
Iowa..................................................................................
Missouri............................................................................
Nebraska.........................................................................
Kansas.............................................................................
Region VIII..............................................................................
North Dakota...................................................................
South Dakota..................................................................
Montana...........................................................................
Wyoming..........................................................................
Colorado..........................................................................
Utah..................................................................................
Region IX.................................................................................
Arizona.............................................................................
Nevada.............................................................................
California..........................................................................
Hawaii..............................................................................
Region X..................................................................................
Idaho................................................................................
Washington......................................................................
Oregon.............................................................................
Alaska..............................................................................
785.0
186.7
312.9
121.4
164.0
511.0
53.3
54.9
58.2
32.4
204.0
108.2
1,868.8
161.0
43.0
1,586.0
78.8
541.3
59.7
269.3
168.5
43.8
801.4
192.0
316.0
124.7
168.7
536.5
54.5
55.7
64.9
34.5
216.6
110.3
1,967.9
169.7
45.6
1,670.6
82.0
567.6
62.3
280.5
177.1
47.7
809.4
197.0
316.5
124.3
171.6
545.6
56.2
55.9
65.7
36.1
219.5
112.2
2,004.5
177.3
46.8
1,695.6
84.8
579.1
64.5
284.8
181.6
48.2
830.1
202.5
321.5
129.2
176.9
559.0
57.5
56.5
70.0
38.0
221.1
115.8
2,057.5
181.9
49.2
1,740.7
85.7
599.1
67.3
294.9
186.3
50.1
854.1
208.2
335.6
130.3
180.0
583.9
60.0
58.1
71.7
39.1
234.0
121.0
2,087.2
194.8
52.2
1,753.1
87.1
626.5
69.8
308.0
197.1
51.6
856.9
204.5
338.5
130.6
183.3
591.8
60.6
58.3
70.1
40.8
238.8
123.2
2,072.4
196.2
54.7
1,735.0
86.5
640.2
69.6
315.5
200.7
54.4
864.8
207.4
339.2
130.8
187.4
601.3
60.9
58.6
70.2
43.0
243.6
125.0
2,111.7
201.8
57.0
1,763.9
89.0
659.5
70.5
330.8
203.2
55.0
845.3
203.1
326.6
129.7
185.9
598.9
60.5
57.8
69.3
44.5
241.7
125.1
2,102.2
199.5
57.1
1,756.6
89.0
655.4
69.2
326.4
202.6
57.2
1Data are not strictly comparable with prior years.
2For the years 1956-69, Federal employment in the Maryland and Virgin
ia sectors of the Washington, D.C., SMSA is not included in data for Mary
land, Virginia, or the District of Columbia.
3Prior to 1970, Federal employment in the Maryland and Virginia sectors
of the Washington, D.C., SMSA is not included in data for Maryland and
Virginia.
♦Beginning in 1956, Federal employment in the Maryland and Virginia
1982
410.7
81.9
55.8
35.7
—
57.8
179.5
1,815.5
1,289.7
525.8
2,006.1
680.4
43.9
393.3
261.0
501.3
126.2
2,676.9
398.5
229.0
434.9
627.4
221.0
295.3
290.9
179.9
2,174.7
658.6
328.9
—
579.3
319.1
288.8
1,829.7
136.6
306.9
237.8
1,023.0
125.4
841.5
202.0
324.4
128.7
186.4
593.2
60.7
56.6
67.1
44.2
238.3
126.3
2,082.7
201.1
58.1
1,733.2
90.3
643.6
67.5
319.2
195.7
61.2
sectors of the Washington, D.C., SMSA is not included in data for the Dis
trict of Columbia.
5Beginning with this year, data are based on the 1972
ClassificationManual.
StandardIndustrial
6Beginning in 1960, data include Hawaii.
’ Beginning in 1960, data include Alaska.
Note: Dash indicates data are not available. Data are based on the 1972
SIC Manual unless otherwise noted.
179
Table 77. Labor turnover rates of employees on manufacturing payrolls, selected years, 1930-81
[Per 100 employees]
180
Table 78. Labor turnover rates of employees on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group,
1958-81
[Per 100 employees]
Durable goods
Category and year
Total
Lumber
and
wood
prod
ucts
Furni
ture
and
fixtures
Stone,
clay,
and
glass
prod
ucts
Primary
metal
indus
tries
Fabri
cated
metal
prod
ucts
Machin
ery,
except
electrical
Electric
and
elec
tronic
equip
ment
Transportation
equipment
Instruments
and related
products
Miscella
neous
manufactur
ing
industries
ACCESSIONS
Total
1958........................................
1959 1 .....................................
3.5
4.2
5.3
6.1
3.8
4.5
3.6
4.0
2.8
3.1
3.8
4.7
2.8
3.6
3.3
4.0
4.2
4.8
2.0
2.9
4.6
5.5
1960........................................
1961........................................
1962........................................
1963........................................
1964........................................
3.5
3.9
3.8
3.6
3.7
5.3
5.8
6.1
6.2
5.8
3.9
4.1
4.5
4.4
4.8
3.4
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.8
2.4
3.4
2.8
3.0
3.0
3.9
4.4
4.1
4.0
4.2
2.9
3.1
3.0
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.6
3.6
3.1
3.3
4.4
4.7
4.7
4.0
4.1
2.4
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.8
5.3
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.7
1965........................................
1966........................................
1967........................................
1968........................................
1969........................................
4.1
4.8
4.1
4.3
4.4
6.6
7.4
7.2
7.2
6.9
5.5
6.6
5.6
6.3
6.4
4.0
4.5
4.5
4.8
5.0
2.9
3.7
3.1
3.6
4.0
4.6
5.3
4.9
5.2
5.3
3.3
3.9
3.1
3.2
3.6
3.9
4.7
3.6
3.7
4.0
4.7
5.3
4.3
4.4
4.2
3.2
3.8
3.1
3.1
3.3
6.3
6.9
5.9
6.1
6.4
1970........................................
1971........................................
1972........................................
1973........................................
1974........................................
3.5
3.5
4.1
4.5
3.8
5.8
6.2
6.7
7.1
5.9
4.9
5.3
6.3
6.9
5.6
4.3
4.0
4.7
5.1
4.3
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.5
2.9
4.2
3.9
4.4
4.9
4.3
2.6
2.4
3.2
3.6
3.2
3.1
2.9
3.6
4.2
3.2
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.7
3.8
2.6
2.6
3.3
3.6
3.1
5.6
5.5
6.4
6.4
5.7
1975........................................
1976........................................
1977........................................
1978........................................
1979........................................
3.3
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.6
5.8
6.1
6.3
6.1
5.5
5.0
5.4
5.6
5.8
5.1
3.8
4.0
4.5
4.1
4.1
2.7
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.6
3.7
3.8
4.0
4.1
4.0
2.2
2.6
2.9
3.0
2.9
2.7
3.2
3.3
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.4
2.2
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
5.1
5.4
5.3
5.8
5.4
1980........................................
1981........................................
3.1
2.9
4.9
4.4
3.9
3.7
3.6
3.4
3.0
2.6
3.6
3.2
2.4
2.3
2.7
2.6
3.3
2.8
2.5
2.2
4.5
4.4
1958........................................
1959 1 .....................................
1.5
2.5
3.2
4.7
2.2
3.4
1.7
2.6
0.6
1.7
1.7
2.7
1.1
2.3
1.5
2.6
1.4
1.8
1.2
2.3
2.3
3.5
1960........................................
1961........................................
1962........................................
1963........................................
1964........................................
1.9
1.9
2.3
2.1
2.4
3.8
3.7
4.4
4.7
4.6
2.8
2.8
3.5
3.5
3.9
2.0
1.8
2.2
2.3
2.4
.8
.9
1.1
1.2
1.8
2.1
2.1
2.4
2.5
2.9
1.7
1.6
2.0
1.9
2.2
2.0
2.1
2.4
1.9
2.1
1.7
1.6
2.1
1.9
2.2
1.7
1.7
2.0
1.9
1.9
3.4
3.6
3.8
3.4
3.8
1965........................................
1966........................................
1967........................................
1968........................................
1969........................................
3.0
3.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
5.3
6.4
5.9
6.2
6.0
4.6
5.9
4.7
5.6
5.7
2.7
3.5
3.3
3.7
4.1
2.0
2.7
2.0
2.5
3.0
3.5
4.3
3.7
4.2
4.4
2.6
3.3
2.4
2.4
2.9
2.9
3.8
2.5
2.7
3.1
2.8
3.4
2.7
2.8
2.7
2.6
3.4
2.7
2.6
2.8
4.5
5.5
4.5
4.8
5.1
1970........................................
1971........................................
1972........................................
1973........................................
1974........................................
2.3
2.2
3.0
3.7
2.9
4.7
5.0
5.8
6.2
4.9
3.9
4.4
5.6
6.3
4.8
3.1
2.8
3.6
4.3
3.4
1.9
1.5
1.9
2.8
2.2
3.1
2.6
3.3
4.2
3.4
1.7
1.4
2.4
3.1
2.7
2.0
1.6
2.6
3.4
2.4
1.8
1.8
2.2
2.6
2.1
1.9
1.8
2.6
3.1
2.6
4.0
4.0
5.0
5.3
4.6
1975........................................
1976........................................
1977........................ ............
1978........................................
1979........................................
1.6
2.3
2.6
2.8
2.7
3.8
4.9
5.2
5.1
4.5
3.1
4.2
4.6
5.2
4.3
2.0
2.5
2.9
3.1
3.0
.8
1.2
1.6
1.8
1.7
1.9
2.6
2.9
3.2
3.1
1.2
1.7
2.1
2.4
2.4
1.1
2.0
2.2
2.6
2.5
1.1
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.0
1.4
2.0
2.1
2.4
2.4
3.0
4.0
3.9
4.5
4.2
1980.......................................
1981........................................
1.8
1.7
2.9
2.7
2.8
2.7
1.9
1.8
.9
.9
2.0
1.9
1.6
1.5
1.7
1.6
1.3
1.2
2.0
1.8
2.9
2.8
N ew hires
r
See footnotes at end of table.
181
Table 78. Labor turnover rates of employees on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group,
1958-81—Continued
[Per 100 employees]
Durable goods
Category and year
Total
Lumber
and
wood
prod
ucts
Furni
ture
and
fixtures
Stone,
clay,
and
glass
prod
ucts
Primary
metal
indus
tries
Fabri
cated
metal
prod
ucts
Machin
ery,
except
electrical
Electric
and
elec
tronic
equip
ment
Transpor
tation
equipment
Instruments
and related
products
Miscella
neous
manufactur
ing
industries
S EPA R A TIO N S
Total
1958........................................
1959 1 .....................................
4.1
4.0
5.5
6.0
4.2
4.4
3.9
3.8
3.4
2.5
4.4
4.7
3.6
3.1
3.5
3.2
5.3
5.5
2.5
2.4
5.2
5.3
1960........................................
1961........................................
1962........................................
1963........................................
1964........................................
4.3
3.9
3.8
3.6
3.6
4.6
4.3
4.6
4.4
4.6
4.1
3.8
4.1
3.8
3.7
4.0
2.8
3.3
2.8
2.3
4.8
4.6
4.2
4.0
4.1
3.5
3.2
2.8
2.7
2.6
3.5
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.2
5.2
5.0
4.6
4.1
4.1
2.7
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.7
5.8
5.8
6.0
5.5
5.7
1965........................................
1966........................................
1967........................................
1968........................................
1969........................................
3.8
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.6
6.8
6.0
6.3
6.2
6.2
6.7
8.0
7.4
7.2
7.5
3.9
4.6
4.7
4.6
5.0
3.0
3.2
3.4
3.7
3.8
4.2
5.1
5.0
5.1
5.4
2.8
3.4
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.1
3.8
4.0
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.9
4.7
4.6
5.0
2.7
3.1
3.0
3.0
3.4
5.9
6.8
6.3
6.2
6.7
1970........................................
1971........................................
1972........................................
1973........................................
1974........................................
4.7
3.9
3.8
4.2
4.5
6.7
5.9
6.5
7.3
7.6
5.1
6.3
5.8
6.0
6.5
5.7
5.2
5.9
6.9
6.9
4.8
4.2
4.4
4.9
5.2
4.1
3.9
2.8
3.1
3.4
5.1
4.2
4.1
4.8
5.0
3.7
2.9
2.8
3.0
3.2
4.4
3.3
3.3
3.8
4.1
5.5
4.3
3.8
3.7
4.8
3.4
2.7
2.8
3.1
3.2
6.6
5.6
6.0
6.4
6.6
1975........................................
1976........................................
1977........................................
1978........................................
1979........................................
4.0
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.6
5.9
5.8
6.0
5.9
6.1
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.7
5.3
4.6
3.9
4.1
4.0
4.2
3.9
2.8
2.9
2.5
2.9
4.4
3.6
3.7
3.9
4.1
3.1
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.7
3.5
3.0
2.9
3.2
3.2
4.1
3.1
3.1
3.0
3.6
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.6
5.7
5.3
5.4
5.9
5.8
1980........................................
1981........................................
3.8
3.4
5.9
5.7
4.5
4.1
4.3
4.1
3.8
3.4
4.3
3.8
2.9
2.6
3.1
2.9
4.2
3.6
2.4
2.3
5.4
4.9
1.9
2.9
1.3
1.9
1.0
1.4
0.4
.8
.9
1.4
0.7
1.1
1.0
1.4
0.9
1.1
1.3
1.9
2.6
2.1
2.7
3.0
3.1
1.7
1.5
2.1
2.1
2.4
.6
.5
.6
.6
.9
1.1
1.0
1.3
1.3
1.5
.9
.8
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.2
.9
.8
1.0
.9
1.0
3.8
5.0
4.6
4.7
5.0
3.7
3.5
4.4
4.9
4.2
3.1
4.3
3.7
4.1
4.5
3.2
3.0
4.0
4.8
4.1
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.7
2.4
2.3
2.6
3.0
0.8
1.3
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.9
2.8
2.5
2.8
3.1
2.1
1.6
2.1
2.7
2.4
1.4
1.9
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.4
1.9
1.8
1.8
2.0
1.3
1.0
1.3
1.8
1.6
1.6
2.3
2.0
2.0
2.3
1.7
1.2
1.7
2.3
1.9
1.3
1.9
1.7
1.8
1.9
2.3
1.9
2.4
3.0
2.5
1.2
1.7
1.4
1.7
2.0
1.4
1.0
1.1
1.6
1.4
1.9
1.8
2.0
1.8
2.0
2.6
3.6
3.2
3.3
3.6
1970........................................
1971........................................
1972........................................
1973........................................
1974........................................
0.9
1.3
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.7
2.4
2.1
2.2
2.5
1.8
1.5
1.9
2.4
2.1
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.2
1.6
1.9
1.8
2.9
2.4
3.1
3.6
3.1
1975........................................
1976........................................
1977........................................
1978........................................
1979........................................
1.1
1.4
1.5
1.8
1.7
2.6
3.3
3.6
3.8
3.5
2.1
3.0
3.2
3.8
3.2
1.4
1.5
1.8
2.0
2.0
.6
.7
.8
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.5
1.7
2.1
2.0
.9
1.0
1.1
1.3
1.4
.9
1.2
1.3
1.6
1.7
.8
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.8
2.4
2.5
3.0
2.8
1980........................................
1981........................................
1.2
1.1
2.3
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.3
1.1
.6
.6
1.4
1.2
1.0
.9
1.2
1.0
.8
.8
1.3
1.1
2.0
1.7
Quits
1958........................................
1959 1.....................................
1960........................................
1961........................................
1962........................................
1963........................................
1964........................................
1965........................................
1966........................................
1967........................................
1968........................................
1969........................................
See footnote at end of table.
182
Table 78. Labor turnover rates of employees on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group,
1958-81 —Continued
[Per 100 employees]
Durable goods
Category and year
Total
Lumber
and
wood
prod
ucts
Furni
ture
and
fixtures
Stone,
clay,
and
glass
prod
ucts
Fabri
cated
metal
prod
ucts
Primary
metal
indus
tries
Machin
ery,
except
electrical
Electric
and
elec
tronic
equip
ment
Transpor
tation
equipment
Instruments
and related
products
Miscella
neous
manufactur
ing
industries
L a yoffs
1958........................................
1959 1.....................................
2.7
2.0
2.6
2.1
2.4
1.8
2.4
1.8
2.6
1.1
3.0
2.6
2.5
1.4
2.1
1.2
3.9
3.8
1.3
.6
3.4
2.7
1960........................................
1961........................................
1962........................................
1963........................................
1964........................................
2.5
2.2
1.9
1.7
1.5
3.1
2.8
2.4
2.0
1.9
2.1
2.1
1.8
1.6
1.3
2.4
2.2
2.2
1.9
1.7
2.9
1.7
2.1
1.5
.8
3.0
2.9
2.2
2.3
1.8
1.9
1.7
1.2
1.1
.8
1.6
1.4
1.1
1.4
1.2
3.6
3.6
2.8
2.4
2.3
1.1
.9
.7
.9
.9
3.2
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8
1965........................................
1966........................................
1967........................................
1968........................................
1969........................................
1.2
1.0
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.0
.8
1.1
.8
.7
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.1
1.0
1.0
.6
1.0
1.1
.6
1.4
1.2
1.5
1.3
1.2
.6
.5
.8
.8
.6
.8
.5
1.1
.8
.8
2.2
2.1
2.2
1.9
2.1
.6
.4
.5
.5
.5
2.3
2.1
2.1
1.9
2.0
1970........................................
1971........................................
1972........................................
1973........................................
1974........................................
2.0
1.6
1.0
.8
1.5
1.8
1.3
1.0
1.2
2.3
1.4
1.1
.7
.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.1
.9
1.7
1.6
2.0
.7
.4
.9
1.8
1.7
1.1
.9
1.6
1.6
1.2
.6
.4
.6
1.7
1.2
.7
.5
1.3
3.3
2.4
1.7
1.3
2.5
1.1
.8
.5
.4
.6
2.6
2.1
1.8
1.6
2.3
1975........................................
1976........................................
1977........................................
1978........................................
1979........................................
2.1
1.1
1.0
.7
1.0
2.4
1.4
1.1
.9
1.4
2.3
1.2
1.0
.7
.9
2.4
1.5
1.5
1.0
1.3
2.5
1.3
1.2
.6
1.0
2.4
1.3
1.1
.9
1.2
1.5
.8
.6
.4
.5
1.8
.9
.7
.6
.6
2.5
1.3
1.2
1.0
1.6
1.0
.5
.4
.3
.4
1980........................................
1981........................................
1.8
1.6
2.7
2.7
1.5
1.4
2.2
2.2
2.5
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.1
2.5
2.0
.5
.6
3.0
1.8
1.9
1.7
1.8
2.4
2.2
Nondurable goods
Total
Rubber and
miscella
neous
plastics
products
Apparel
and
other
textile
products
Paper
and
allied
products
Printing
and
publish
ing
Chemi
cals and
allied
products
Petro
leum
and
coal
products
2.4
2.8
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.8
3.2
4.0
3.7
4.1
4.3
2.5
3.0
3.0
2.9
3.0
2.9
3.1
3.2
3.8
3.6
3.6
3.8
1.8
2.2
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.4
2.9
2.6
2.8
2.7
0.9
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.6
1.8
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.6
3.4
3.6
3.1
3.9
3.8
3.6
3.9
4.4
5.5
5.0
5.3
5.7
4.2
4.8
4.8
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.4
6.3
5.9
6.2
6.3
4.9
5.1
6.1
6.8
5.4
5.2
5.7
5.4
5.7
5.5
5.3
5.5
5.8
6.1
5.6
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.3
5.9
6.4
5.7
3.2
2.8
3.2
3.5
3.1
2.2
1.9
2.1
2.4
2.3
2.3
1.9
1.9
2.3
2.3
4.7
4.2
5.2
5.8
4.9
5.8
5.8
6.8
7.7
7.0
4.5
4.7
5.7
5.7
2.9
2.8
3.2
2.8
3.2
3.3
3.1
2.4
3.0
1.9
1.9
1.7
2.0
4.3
4.7
6.8
6.6
Food
and
kindred
products
Tobacco
manufac
tures
Textile
mill
products
5.6
6.2
6.0
6.0
6.4
5.9
6.1
5.6
5.4
5.4
5.9
6.4
6.6
6.8
6.1
6.5
6.6
6.0
6.0
5.0
5.2
4.3
5.0
4.4
3.2
3.5
3.2
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.8
4.3
5.1
4.9
5.3
5.5
4.2
4.0
Leather
and
leather
products
A CCESSIO NS
To tal
1958........................................
1959 1 .....................................
1960........................................
1961........................................
1962........................................
1963........................................
1964........................................
1965........................................
1966........................................
1967........................................
1968........................................
1969........................................
3.8
4.3
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.6
5.2
4.9
5.1
5.2
1970........................................
1971........................................
1972........................................
1973........................................
1974........................................
4.6
4.3
4.9
5.4
4.7
6.1
6.9
6.7
7.0
7.2
6.7
6.1
6.9
7.3
6.8
1975.......................................
1976........................................
4.3
4.5
6.2
6.4
See footnotes at end of table.
183
Table 78. Labor turnover rates of employees on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group,
1958-81—Continued
[Per 100 employees]
Nondurable goods
Category and year
Total
Food
and
kindred
products
Tobacco
manufac
tures
Textile
mill
products
Apparel
and
other
textile
products
Paper
and
allied
products
Printing
and
publish
ing
Chemi
cals and
allied
products
Petro
leum
and
coal
products
Rubber and
miscella
neous
plastics
products
Leather
and
leather
products
A C C ES SIO N — C ontinued
To tal
1977........................................
1978........................................
1979........................................
4.5
4.6
4.5
6.5
6.7
6.7
3.2
3.8
4.0
4.4
4.7
4.6
5.7
5.6
5.5
2.8
2.9
2.8
3.2
3.5
3.6
1.8
1.8
1.8
2.1
2.1
2.4
4.6
5.0
4.8
6.9
7.3
6.9
1980........................................
1981........................................
4.0
3.8
6.1
5.6
4.0
3.9
3.6
3.2
5.3
5.1
2.5
2.3
3.1
3.1
1.6
1.6
2.3
2.0
4.1
3.6
6.3
5.6
1958........................................
1959 1 .....................................
2.0
2.8
2.7
3.6
2.0
2.9
1.6
2.4
2.5
3.6
1.5
2.1
1.8
2.4
1.0
1.6
0.6
.8
1.3
2.4
2.2
3.1
1960........................................
1961........................................
1962........................................
1963........................................
1964........................................
2.6
2.5
2.8
2.7
2.8
3.5
3.4
3.8
3.6
3.8
2.8
3.1
3.1
3.8
3.7
2.0
2.2
2.5
2.5
2.7
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.8
2.0
2.4
2.1
2.3
2.2
2.4
4.1
5.0
4.9
5.1
5.4
3.3
3.8
4.1
3.9
4.1
3.3
4.1
3.8
4.3
4.4
2.5
3.5
3.1
3.5
3.7
2.6
3.2
2.9
3.0
3.3
1.4
1.7
2.0
2.1
2.2
1.7
2.0
2.4
2.3
2.6
3.4
4.6
4.0
4.3
4.7
2.9
2.8
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.2
4.0
3.6
3.9
4.0
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.6
1.9
2.4
2.1
2.3
2.3
.8
.9
1.0
1.1
1.1
1965........................................
1966........................................
1967........................................
1968........................................
1969........................................
3.2
3.1
3.5
3.3.
3.3
3.7
4.2
3.7
3.8
3.8
1970........................................
1971........................................
1972........................................
1973........................................
1974........................................
3.4
3.0
3.7
4.3
3.6
4.8
4.1
4.8
5.5
5.0
3.5
3.2
2.8
3.5
2.8
3.7
3.9
5.0
5.7
4.3
3.5
3.5
4.3
4.8
4.0
2.6
2.0
2.5
3.0
2.5
2.6
2.1
2.6
2.8
2.6
1.7
1.3
1.6
2.0
1.8
2.0
1.5
1.5
2.0
2.0
3.4
3.0
4.2
5.0
3.9
1975........................................
1976........................................
1977........................................
1978........................................
2.7
3.1
3.2
3.4
2.5
1.8
1.5
1.8
3.0
3.6
3.6
3.8
3.4
3.8
3.8
3.9
1.4
2.0
2.0
2.2
1.8
2.3
2.6
3.0
2.2
3.5
3.6
4.0
3.4
1.6
3.8
2.1
3.0
1980........................................
1981........................................
2.7
2.5
3.8
3.3
1.6
1.5
3.6
2.7
2.4
1.1
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.7
1979........................................
4.1
4.3
4.5
4.7
4.7
3.3
3.3
1.5
1.5
2.5
2.5
1.2
1.2
2.0
1.8
1.6
3.8
2.4
2.4
4.1
4.0
5.0
6.0
5.2
4.4
4.6
4.9
5.3
4.8
5.8
6.1
6.0
6.0
6.3
6.0
6.0
6.1
6.8
6.7
6.8
7.2
6.1
5.0
5.7
5.7
6.6
6.3
@FedFRASER