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Handbook of
Labor Statistics
U.S. Department of Labor
Bureau of Labor Statistics
December 1980
Bulletin 2070
Handbook of
Labor Statistics
U.S. Department of Labor
Ray Marshall, Secretary
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Janet Norwood, Commissioner
December 1980
Bulletin 2070
For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office
Washington, D.C. 20402 - Price $9.50
Preface
This publication makes available in one volume the major series produced by
the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Some related series from other government agencies
and foreign countries are included. In general, each table begins with the earliest
reliable data and ends with 1979. Because of space limitations, some intervening
years have been omitted from most tables. These data can be found in the 1978
edition of the Handbook (Bulletin 2000) or by contacting the BLS Office of
Publications.
For this edition, tables have been regrouped so that data collected from the
same survey or source are placed together. Technical notes precede each major
group of tables.
This volume was compiled in the Office of Publications by Rosalind Spring
steen with the cooperation of the program offices of the Bureau of Labor Statistics
and other government agencies. Material in this publication is in the public domain
and may, with appropriate credit, be reproduced without permission.
iii
Contents
Labor Force, Employment, and Unemployment
Page
Data from the monthly Current Population Survey
Technical notes..............................................................................................................................................
1
Tables:
Labor force and employment status:
1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, 1947-79.........................................
2. Total labor force and labor force participation rates by sex and age, 1947-79.............................
3. Civilian labor force by sex, race, and age, 1947-79.........................................................................
4. Civilian labor force participation rates by sex, race, and age, 1947-79..........................................
5. Civilian labor force participation rates by marital status, age, and sex, 1959-79..........................
6. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, 1963-79..............................
7. Experienced civilian labor force by occupation and sex, 1958-79.................................... ..... ......
8. Employment status of persons 16 to 19 years old and adults by race, 1954-79............
9. Employment status of persons 16 to 21 years old by race and major activity, 1963-79 ..............
10. Employment status of persons 16 to 24 years old, 1947-79............................................................
11. Employment status of the black and Hispanic-origin population by sex and age, 1975-79.........
12. Employment status of persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age,
1978 and 1979..............................................
13. Employment status of the population in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas by sex, age,
and race, 1978 and 1979.................................................................................................................
14. Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race, 1978 and 1979....
15. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and non veterans by age, race, and Hispanic
origin, 1978 and 1979......................................................................................................................
16. Persons not in the labor force by sex, race, and age, 1947-79........................................................
17. Job desire of persons 16 years and over not in the labor force and reasons for not seeking
work by sex and race, 1970-79.......................................................................................................
5
7
10
13
16
19
21
23
25
26
28
29
30
31
32
34
37
Employment:
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
Employed persons by sex, race, and age, 1947-79.......
40
Employment-population ratios by sex, age, and race, 1948-79....................................................... 45
Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex, 1972-79.............................................................. 46
Employed persons by detailed occupation, 1974-79........................................................................ 49
Employed persons by industry and occupation, 1976-79................................................................ 53
Nonagricultural workers on full-time schedules or on voluntary part time by selected
characteristics, 1969-79.................................................................................................................. 54
Persons on part time for economic reasons by type of industry, sex, and age, 1957-79.............. 56
Nonagricultural workers on part time for economic reasons by usual full- or part-time status
and selected characteristics, 1969-79............................................................................................. 57
Employed persons not at work by reason for not working, 1957-79............................................. 59
Employed nonagricultural wage and salary workers not at work by reason for not working
and pay status, 1967-79.................................................................................................................. 60
v
Contents—Continued
Page
Tables:
Unemployment:
28.
29.
30.
31.
32i
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
Major unemployment indicators, 1948-79......................................................................................... 61
Unemployed persons 16 years and over and unemployment rates by sex and race,1947-79........ 62
Unemployed persons by sex and age, 1947-79.......................................................
63
Unemployed persons by race, sex, and age, 1954-79....................................................................... 65
Unemployment rates by sex, race, and age, 1947-79....................................................................... 67
Unemployment rates of black and Hispanic-origin workers by sex and age, 1975-79 ................. 71
Unemployment rates by sex and marital status, 1955-79................................................................. 72
Unemployment rates and percent
distribution of the
unemployed
byoccupation,1958-79. 73
Unemployment rates and percent
distribution of the
unemployed
bysex, occupation,and age,
1972-79............................................................................................................................................ 74
Unemployment rates and percent distribution of the unemployed by industry, 1948-79.............. 78
Unemployed persons and percent distribution of the unemployed by duration, 1947-79............ 80
Unemployed persons and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and reason, 1969-79............... 82
Long-term unemployment compared with total unemployment by sex, age, and race, 1969-79. 84
Long-term unemployment by industry and occupation, 1969-79................................................... 86
Unemployed jobseekers by the job search methods used, sex, and age, 1972-79......................... 87
Unemployed jobseekers by the job search methods used, race, and sex, 1972-79........................ 90
State and area data:
44.
45.
46.
47.
Total labor force, employment, and unemployment levels in States, annual averages, 1975-79..
Unemployment rates for regions and States by sex and age, annual averages, 1975-79.............
Unemployment rates for regions and States by race, annual averages, 1975-79..........................
Unemployment rates for Hispanic workers, selected States, annual averages, 1976-79...............
91
92
94
95
Special Labor Force Data
Annual supplementary data from the Current Population Survey
Work experience:
48. Persons with work experience during the year by sex and extent of employment, 1950-78...... 96
49. Extent of unemployment during the year by sex, 1957-78.............................................................. 98
50. Persons with work experience during the year by industry and class of worker of longest job,
1955-78........................................................................................................................................... 102
51. Percent of persons with work experience during the year who worked year round at full-time
jobs by industry and class of worker of longest job, 1950-78..................................... ............... 104
Multiple jobholders:
52. Persons with two or more jobs by industry and class of worker of primary and secondary job,
May, selected years, 1956-79.................................................................... ............................. ....... 106
Marital and family characteristics:
53.
54.
55.
56.
Employment status of the population by marital status and sex, March, 1947-79........................ lQg
Employment status of widowed, divorced, or separated persons by sex, March, 1970-79.......... 110
Labor force participation rates by marital status, sex, and age, March, 1947-79......................
I ll
Labor force participation rates of widowed, divorced, or separated persons by sex and age,
March, 1970-79.................... .............................................................................................................113
57. Labor force and labor force participation rates of married women, spouse present, by
presence and age of children, March, 1948-79............................................................................ 114
vi
Contents—Continued
Page
Tables:
58. Employment status of husbands by employment status of other family members, March,
1959-79............................................................................................................................................ 115
59. Number of own children under 18 years of age by type of family and labor force status of
mother, March, 1970-79................................................................................................................. 117
Earnings, work schedules, and absences from work:
60. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers by selected characteristics, May,
selected years, 1967-78................................................................................................................
61. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid at hourly rates by selected
characteristics, May, 1973-78.........................................................................................................
62. Workweek of full-time nonfarm wage and salary workers by usual number of days and hours
worked, May, 1973-79............................................................
63. Number and percent of full-time nonfarm wage and salary workers by shift, sex, and race,
May, 1973-78.....................................................
64. Percent of full-time wage and salary workers who worked long hours and received premium
pay by occupation and industry, May, 1973-79..........
65. Absence rates for full-time nonagricultural wage and salary workers by reason for absence,
May, 1973-78..................................................................................................................................
118
119
120
121
123
124
School enrollment and educational attainment:
66. Employment status of the population 14 to 24 years old by school enrollment, sex, and age,
October, 1947-78.............................................................................................................................
67. Employment status of high school graduates not enrolled in college and of school
dropouts 16 to 24 years old by selected characteristics, October, 1960-78...............................
68. Educational attainment of the civilian labor force by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, March,
selected years, 1959-79.............................................................................................
69. Median years of school completed by the civilian labor force by sex and age, March, selected
years, 1959-79..................................................................................................................................
70. Median years of school completed by the employed by sex, occupation, and race, March,
selected years, 1959-79.............................................................................................................
125
132
136
140
141
Projections of the labor force:
71. Civilian labor force by sex, age, and race; actual 1970 and 1977, projected 1985 and 1990...... 147
vii
Contents—Continued
Employees on Nonagricultural Payrolls
Page
Data from the monthly survey of business establishments
Technical notes..............................................................................................................................................
149
Tables:
Employment by industry:
72. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, selected years, 1919-79.................
73. Employees on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group, selected years, 1939-79..........
74. Production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
division, selected years, 1939-79....................................................................................................
75. Production workers on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group, selected years,
1929-79.....................................................................................................................................
76. Nonproduction worker employment and ratios of nonproduction worker employment to total
employment bymajor manufacturing industry group, 1939-79.................................................
77. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, 1959-79.............................
78. Women employees on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group, 1959-79......................
151
152
153
154
155
159
160
Employment by region and State:
79. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by region and State, selected years, 1939-79.................
80. Employees on manufacturing payrolls by region and State, selected years, 1939-79...................
81. Employees on government payrolls by region and State, selected years, 1939-79.......................
161
164
167
Labor turnover:
82. Labor turnover rates of employees on manufacturing payrolls, selected years, 1930-79.............
83. Labor turnover rates of employees on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group,
1958-79............................................................................................................................................
170
171
Hours by industry:
84. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry division, selected years, 1932-79.................................................................
85. Average weekly hours of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by major industry
group, selected years, 1947-79.......................................................................................................
86. Average weekly overtime hours of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by major
industry group, selected years, 1956-79........................................................................................
87. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, selected years, 1947-79......................................
88. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by
major industry group, selected years,1947-79...............................................................................
176
177
178
179
180
Hours by State:
89. Average weekly hours of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State, selected
years, 1947-79..................................................................................................................................
viii
181
Contents—Continued
Earnings by industry:
90. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry division, selected years, 1932-79.................................................................
91. Hourly Earnings Index for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry division, 1964-79...........................................................................................
92. Average hourly earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by major industry
group, selected years, 1947-79.......................................................................................................
93. Average hourly earnings, excluding overtime, of production workers on manufacturing
payrolls by major industry group, selected years, 1941-79.........................................................
94. Average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry division, selected years, 1922-79.................................................................
95. Average weekly earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by major industry
group, selected years, 1947-79.......................................................................................................
96. Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, selected years, 1947-79.........................
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
Earnings by State:
97. Average hourly earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State, 1948-79..
98. Average weekly earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State, 1948-79.
192
195
Other Employment Surveys
Technical notes .......................................................................................................................................................
198
Tables:
99.
100.
101.
102.
Farm employment and wage rates, selected years, 1910-79.........................................................
Government employment and payrolls by level of government, selected years, 1940-79...........
Employment in manufacturing industries by major occupational group, 1977.............................
Employment in selected nonmanufacturing industries by major occupational group, 1978 ........
200
201
202
202
Productivity Data
Technical notes .......................................................................................................................................................
203
Tables:
103. Indexes of output per hour and related data, private business sector, selected years, 1947-79.... 205
104. Indexes of output per hour, hourly compensation, and unit labor cost in the private business
sector, and underlying data, selected years, 1947-79................. .................................................. 206
105. Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected industries,
selected years, 1939-78.................................................................................................................... 209
106. Functional and summary indexes of output per employee year for the measured portion of the
Federal civilian government, fiscal years, 1968-78...................................................................... 230
IX
Contents—Continued
Compensation Studies
Technical notes .......................................................................................................................................................
Page
231
Tables:
Occupational pay and benefits:
107. Interarea pay comparisons—relative pay levels by occupational group and industry division,
selected periods, 1961-78................................................................................................................
108. Percent increases in average straight-time hourly earnings, selected occupational groups in
metropolitan areas, 1973-78............................................................................................................
109. Average earnings for selected plant occupations in metropolitan areas by sex, industry
division, and region, 1967-78..........................................................................................................
110. Average earnings for selected office occupations in metropolitan areas by sex, industry
division, and region, 1967-78..........................................................................................................
111. Scheduled weekly hours (day shift) and percent of plant and office workers by weekly work
schedule, all metropolitan areas, by industry division, 1959-76..................................................
112. Paid vacations, all metropolitan areas, 1959-76................................................................................
113. Paid vacations, all metropolitan areas, by industry division, 1965-76............................................
114. Paid holidays, all metropolitan areas, by industry division, 1959-76.............................................
115. Health, insurance, and pension plans, all metropolitan areas, by industry division, 1959-76.......
116. Labor-management agreement coverage, all metropolitan areas, by industry division and
region, 1960-76................................................................................................................................
117. Indexes of union hourly wage rates in selected industries and trades, selected years, 1910-78....
118. Indexes of union hourly wage rates in selected building trades, selected years, 1910-78............
119. Indexes of union hourly wage rates in selected printing trades, selected years, 1910-78 ............
120. Average union rates for selected trades by city, 1978.....................................................................
121. Average annual salaries for selected professional, administrative, and technical occupations,
1961-79.............................................................................................................................................
122. Average straight-time pay for selected occupations in 26 municipal governments, October
1977-September 1978....................................................................................................
123. Indexes of average straight-time hourly earnings of men in production occupations in
nonelectrical machinery manufacturing, selected metropolitan areas, selected years,
1945-78 ............................................................................................................................................
234
249
256
26 5
273
274
275
283
284
287
289
290
291
292
294
296
299
Salary trends:
124. Indexes of salaries of Federal employees in the United States covered by the General
Schedule, selected years, 1939-79................................................................
125. Indexes of annual maximum salary scales of firefighters and police in cities of 100,000 or
more, selected years, 1924-78.......................................................................................
126. Indexes of average annual salaries of urban public classroom teachers by size of city and
county, selected years, 1925-78......................................................................................................
127. Percent change in minimum and maximum annual salary scales of refuse collectors by city
size and region, 1973-78..................................................................................................................
x
301
301
302
302
Contents—Continued
Page
Tables:
General wage and benefit changes:
128. General wage changes in major collective bargaining units, 1954-79...........................................
129. Percent changes in wages and benefits in collective bargaining settlements covering 5,000
workers or more, 1965-79 .............................................................................................................
130. Production workers in manufacturing affected by wage decisions, and median changes,
1959-78.......................................................................
131. Production workers in manufacturing establishments where wage changes were effective, and
median changes, 1959-78................................................................................................................
303
305
306
^07
Employee compensation:
132. Employee compensation, private nonagricultural economy, selected years, 1966-77..................
133. Employee compensation, production and related workers, manufacturing industries, selected
years, 1959-77..................................................................................................................................
308
319
Prices and Living Conditions
Technical notes ......................................................................................................................................................
321
Tables:
Consumer prices:
134. Consumer Price Indexes, selected groups, and purchasing power of the consumer dollar,
1913-79............................................
135. Consumer Price Indexes, major groups, 1935-79.............................................................................
136. The Consumer Price Indexes, commodity, service, and special groups, 1935-79 ........................
137. Relative importance of major components of the Consumer Price Index, U.S. city average, at
dates of major weight revisions...............................................!.....................................................
138. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, selected areas, all-items index, selected
years, 1950-79..................................................................................................................................
326
327
328
331,
332
Producer prices:
139.
140.
141.
142.
Producer Price
Producer Price
Producer Price
Industry sector
Indexes by stage of processing, selected years, 1947-79.......................................
Indexes by commodity group, selected years, 1926-79......
Indexes by durability of product, selected years, 1947-79...................................
price indexes for the output of selected industries, 1959-79.................
333
334
339
340
Import and export prices:
143. U.S. import price indexes for selected categories of goods, 1967-79.............................................
144. U.S. export price indexes for selected categories of goods, 1967-79.............................................
XI
350
356
Contents—Continued
Page
Tables:
Consumer expenditures:
145. Selected family characteristics, annual expenditures, and sources of income classified by
family size, United States, 1972-73................................................................................................
146. Selected family characteristics, annual expenditures, and sources of income classified by
family income before taxes, United States, 1972-73.....................................................................
147. Selected family characteristics, annual expenditures, and sources of income classified by age
of family head, United States, 1972-73..........................................................................................
148. Selected family characteristics, annual expenditures, and sources of income classified by race
of head, United States, 1972-73.................................................
149. Selected family characteristics, annual expenditures, and sources of income classified by
region, United States, 1972-73 .......................................................................................................
365
368
375
379
382
Family budgets:
150.
151.
152.
153.
154.
155.
156.
157.
158.
159.
160.
161.
Annual costs of a lower budget for a 4-person family, autumn 1979............................................. 385
Annual costs of an intermediate budget for a 4-person family, autumn 1979................................. 387
Annual costs of a higher budget for a 4-person family, autumn 1979............................................ 388
Indexes of comparative costs based on a lower budget for a 4-person family, autumn 1979 ...... 390
Indexes of comparative costs based on an intermediate budget for a 4-person family, autumn
1979................................................................................................................................................... 391
Indexes of comparative costs based on a higher budget for a 4-person family, autumn 1979 ...... 392
Annual costs of a lower budget for a retired couple, autumn 1978 ............................................... 392
Annual costs of an intermediate budget for a retired couple, autumn1978 .................................... 395
Annual costs of a higher budget for a retired couple, autumn 1978 .............................................. 396
Indexes of comparative costs based on a lower budget for a retired couple, autumn 1978......... 397
Indexes of comparative costs based on an intermediate budget for a retired couple, autumn
1978................................................................................................................................................... 398
Indexes of comparative costs based on a higher budget for a retired couple, autumn 1978........ 399
Unions and Industrial Relations
Technical notes ................................................................................................................................................
400
Tables:
Union membership:
162. Distribution of national and international unions by industry and affiliation, selected years,
1956-78............................................................................................................................................. 402
163. Membership of national and international unions by geographic area and affiliation, selected
years, 1956-78.................................................................................................................................. 409
164. Membership of national and international labor unions, selected years, 1933-78 ......................... 411
165. Union membership as a proportion of the labor force, 1930-78..................................................... 412
166. Distribution of national unions and employee associations by State, selected years, 1970-78..... 413
xii
Contents—Continued
Page
Tables:
Work stoppages:
167.
168.
169.
170.
171.
172.
Work stoppages in the United States, 1930-79...............................................................................
Work stoppages by size of stoppage, 1969-78................................................................................
Duration of work stoppages ending in 1969-78.....................................................
Work stoppages by major issues, 1969-78 ......................................................................................
Work stoppages by industry group, 1969-78..................................................................................
Work stoppages by State, 1969-78 ..................................................................................................
415
416
417
418
429
433
Labor relations:
173. Intake and disposition of cases by the National Labor Relations Board, selected fiscal years,
1936-79............................................................................................................................................
174. Investigation findings under selected Federal laws, selected fiscal years, 1939-79......................
438
440
Occupational Injuries and Illnesses
Technical notes..............................................................................................................................................
442
Tables:
175. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates by industry, United States, 1973-78..................
176. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates by detailed industry, United States, 1977 and
1978..........................................................................................................................................
443
445
Foreign Labor Statistics
Technical notes .......................................................................................................................................................
458
Tables:
177. Population and labor force, selected countries and selected years, 1947-79.................................
178. Labor force and unemployment in selected industrial countries, 1960-79.....................................
179. Indexes of output per hour, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs in manufacturing,
selected countries, 1960-78.............................................................
180. Average weekly hours of production workers in manufacturing, selected countries and
selected years, 1955-79....................................................................................................................
181. Estimated compensation per hour worked of production workers in manufacturing, selected
countries and selected years, 1960-79............................................................................................
XIII
460
465
467
468
469
Contents—Continued
Page
Tables:
182. Indexes of average hourly earnings of production workers in manufacturing, selected
countries, 1960-78...........................................................................................................................
183. Indexes of average real hourly earnings of production workers in manufacturing, selected
countries, 1960-78...........................................................................................................................
184. Indexes of consumer prices, selected countries and selected years, 1960-79..................... ...........
185. Indexes of wholesale or producer prices, selected countries and selected years, 1960-79...........
186. Work stoppages and time lost due to industrial disputes, selected countries, 1955-79.................
470
471
472
474
476
General Economic Data
Technical notes .......................................................................................................................................................
479
Tables:
National income accounts:
187. Gross national product, selected years, 1929-79................................................. .............................
188. Gross national product in constant dollars, selected years, 1929-79..............................................
189. National income by type of income, selected years, 1929-79.........................................................
481
483
484
Social insurance:
190. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance benefits by type of beneficiary, 1970-79.................
486
Appendix
Sources of current data for tables in the Handbook o f Labor Statistics.........................................................
XIV
487
Technical Notes
Current Population Survey
(Covers tables 1-71)
Collection and coverage
into three basic groups—the employed, the unem
ployed, and those not in the labor force.
Inmates of institutions, members of the Armed
Forces, and persons under 14 years of age are not
covered in the regular monthly enumerations and are
excluded from the population and labor force statis
tics. Data on members of the Armed Forces are,
however, obtained monthly from the Department of
Defense and are included as part of the categories
“total noninstitutional population” and “total labor
force.”
Statistics on the labor force, employment, un
employment, and persons not in the labor force,
classified by a variety of demographic, social, and
economic characteristics are derived from the Current
Population Survey (CPS), which is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statis
tics. A detailed description of this survey appears in
Concepts and Methods Used in Labor Force Statistics
Derived From the Current Population Survey, BLS
Report 463.
These monthly surveys of the population are con
ducted using a scientifically selected sample of 56,000
households (65,000, beginning in 1980) designed to
represent the civilian noninstitutional population. In
addition to providing monthly statistics on the em
ployment status of the population, the CPS, through
special inquiries repeated annually in the same month,
provides detailed supplementary information from
particular segments, or for particular characteristics of
the population. These inquiries include the extent of
work experience of the population during the calen
dar year, the extent of overtime work at premium
pay, work schedules, and the prevalence of multiple
jobholding. They also include the marital and family
status of workers, the annual earnings and income of
individuals and families, and the employment status of
such groups as working mothers with children, high
school graduates and dropouts, and recent college
graduates. Special surveys are also conducted periodi
cally on such subjects as job mobility, job tenure, job
search activities of the unemployed, and the intensity
of their job search.
Respondents are interviewed to obtain information
about the employment status of each member of the
household 16 years of age and over. (Separate month
ly statistics are also collected and published for 14and 15-year-olds.) The interviewer asks a series of
standard questions on activity or status during the cal
endar week, Sunday through Saturday, which in
cludes the 12th day of the month; this is known as the
survey week. Actual field interviews are conducted
during the following week. The primary purpose of
these questions is to classify the sample population
Concepts and definitions
The criteria used in classifying persons on the basis
of their labor force activity have been modified but
not substantially altered since the inception of the
CPS in 1940. These criteria are as follows:
Employed persons are (1) all civilians who, during
the survey week, did any work at all as paid employ
ees in their own business or profession or on their
own farm, or who worked 15 hours or more as
unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a family
member; and (2) all those who were not working but
who had jobs or businesses from which they were
temporarily absent because of illness, bad weather, va
cation, labor-management disputes, or various person
al reasons, whether or not they received pay for the
time off or were seeking other jobs.
Included in the total are employed citizens of for
eign countries who are temporarily in the United
States but not living on the premises of an embassy.
Excluded are persons whose only activity consisted of
work around their own home (such as household
chores, painting, repairing, etc.) or volunteer work for
religious, charitable, and similar organizations.
Unemployed persons are all civilians who had no em
ployment during the survey week, were available for
work, and (1) had made specific efforts to find em
ployment sometime during the prior 4 weeks, or (2)
were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they
had been laid off, or (3) were waiting to report to a
job within 30 days.
Duration of unemployment represents the length of
time (through the current survey week) during which
1
cause of long-term physical or mental illness, “re
tired,” and other. The “other” group includes the vol
untary idle, seasonal workers for whom the survey
week fell in an “o ff’ season and who were not report
ed as looking for work, those reported as too old to
work, and persons who did not look for work because
they believed that no jobs were available because of
the prevailing economic situation or because of var
ious personal factors—age, lack of education or train
ing, etc. Persons doing only incidental, unpaid family
work (less than 15 hours during the survey week) are
also classified as not in the labor force. For persons
not in the labor force, detailed information is obtained
on their previous work experience, intentions to seek
work, desire for a job at the time of interview, and
reasons for not seeking work.
Occupation, industry, and class o f worker for the em
ployed pertain to the job held in the survey week.
Persons with two or more jobs are classified in the
occupation at which they worked the greatest number
of hours during the survey week. The unemployed in
these categories are classified according to their last
full-time civilian job lasting 2 or more weeks. The oc
cupation and industry groups used in the CPS are de
fined as in the 1970 Census of Population.
Hours o f work statistics relate to the actual number
of hours worked during the survey week. For exam
ple, persons who usually work 40 hours a week but
were off on the Columbus Day holiday would be re
ported as working 32 hours even though they were
paid for the holiday. For persons working in more
than one job, the data relate to the number of hours
worked in all jobs during the week, and all the hours
are credited to the major job.
Persons who worked 35 hours or more during the
survey week are designated as working full time. Cor
respondingly, those who worked between 1 and 34
hours are designated as working part time. Part-time
workers are classified by their usual status at their
present job (either full or part time) and by their
reason for working part time during the survey week
(economic or other reasons). Economic reasons in
clude slack work, material shortages, repairs to plant
or equipment, start or termination of a job during the
week, and inability to find full-time work. Other rea
sons include labor-management disputes, bad weather,
own illness, vacations, demands of home housework,
school, no desire for full-time work, and full-time
worker only during peak season. Persons on full-time
schedules include, in addition to those working 35
hours or more, those who worked from 1 to 34 hours
for noneconomic reasons but usually work full time.
Race of workers is described by the terms white
and black and other. The black-and-other category in
cludes all persons who identified themselves in the
enumeration process to be other than white. At the
time of the 1970 Census of Population, 89 percent of
persons classified as unemployed had been con
tinuously looking for work. For persons on layoff,
duration represents the number of full weeks since the
termination of their most recent employment. A
period of 2 or more weeks during which a person was
employed or ceased looking for work breaks the con
tinuity of the present period of jobsearching. Mea
surements of mean and median duration are computed
from a distribution of single weeks of unemployment.
Unemployment is also categorized according to the
status of individuals at the time they began to look for
work. These “reasons for unemployment” are divided
into four major groups: (1) Job losers are persons
whose employment ended involuntarily and who im
mediately began looking for work and persons on
either temporary or indefinite layoff. (2) Job leavers
are persons who quit or otherwise terminated their
employment voluntarily and immediately began look
ing for work. (3) Reentrants are persons who previ
ously worked at a full-time job lasting 2 or more
weeks but who were out of the labor force prior to
beginning to look for work. (4) New entrants are per
sons who never worked at a full-time job lasting 2 or
more weeks.
The civilian labor force equals the sum of all civilians
classified as employed and unemployed in accordance
with the criteria described above. The total labor force
includes members of the Armed Forces stationed
either in the United States or abroad.
The full-time labor force consists of all persons
working on full-time schedules, persons involuntarily
working part time for economic reasons, and unem
ployed persons seeking full-time jobs. The part-time
labor force consists of persons working part time vol
untarily and unemployed persons seeking part-time
jobs. Persons with a job but not at work during the
survey week are classified according to whether they
usually work full or part time.
The unemployment rate is the percentage of unem
ployed persons in the civilian labor force. This meas
ure can be computed for groups within the labor
force, such as age, sex, race, marital status, occupa
tion, industry, etc.
Participation rates represent the percentage of the
noninstitutional population that is in the labor force.
The total labor force participation rate is the ratio of
the total labor force and the total noninstitutional
population; the civilian labor force participation rate
is the ratio of the civilian labor force and the civilian
noninstitutional population.
Employment-population ratios represent the percent
age of the noninstitutional population that is em
ployed.
Not in labor force includes all civilians 16 years and
over who are not classified as employed, unemployed,
or in the Armed Forces. These persons are classified
as “keeping house,” “in school,” “unable to work” be
2
same magnitude in the black-and-other population. Ci
vilian labor force and total employment figures were
affected to a lesser degree; the white labor force was
reduced by 150,000, and the black-and-other labor
force rose by about 210,000. Unemployment levels
and rates were not significantly affected. (6) Begin
ning in 1974, the methodology used to prepare inde
pendent estimates of the civilian noninstitutional pop
ulation was modified to an inflation-deflation ap
proach. This change in the derivation of the estimates
had its greatest impact on estimates of 20- to 24-yearold males—particularly those of the black-and-other
population—but had little effect on 16-and-over totals.
Additional information on the adjustment procedure
appears in “CPS Population Controls Derived from
Inflation-Deflation Method of Estimation” in the Feb
ruary 1974 issue of Employment and Earnings. (7) Ef
fective July 1975, as a result of the immigration of
Vietnamese refugees into the United States, the total
and black-and-other independent population controls
for persons 16 years and over were adjusted upward
by 76,000—30,000 males and 46,000 females. The ad
dition of the refugees increased the black-and-other
population by less than 1 percent in any age-sex
group, and all of the changes were in the “other”
population. (8) Beginning in 1978, the introduction of
an expansion in the sample and revisions in the esti
mation procedures resulted in an increase of roughly a
quarter of a million in the overall civilian labor force
and employment totals; unemployment levels and
rates were essentially unchanged. An explanation of
the procedural changes and an indication of the differ
ences appear in “Revisions in the Current Population
Survey in January 1978” in the February 1978 issue
of Employment and Earnings. (9) Beginning in 1980,
the national CPS sample was expanded from 56,000 to
65,000 households in order to improve the reliability
of State estimates. This expansion had no significant
effect on the national estimates of employment and
other measures derived from the survey.
the black-and-other population was black; the remain
der were American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and
Asians and Pacific Islanders. The term black is used
in this volume when the relevant data are provided
exclusively for the black population.
Hispanic origin refers to persons who identified
themselves in the enumeration process as Mexican,
Puerto Rican living on the mainland, Cuban, Central
or South American, or other Hispanic origin or de
scent. At the time of the 1970 Census of Population,
approximately 96 percent of their population was
white.
Historical comparability
Change in lower age limit The lower age limit for offi
cial statistics on the labor force and employment and
unemployment, was raised from 14 to 16 years of age
in January 1967. Insofar as possible, historical series
have been revised to provide consistent information
based on the population 16 years and over. For a de
tailed discussion of this and other definitional changes
introduced at that time, including estimates of their
effect on the various series, see “New Definitions for
Employment and Unemployment,” Employment and
Earnings and Monthly Report on the Labor Force, Feb
ruary 1967.
Other changes affecting labor force levels. In addition to
the changes introduced in 1967, there are several
other periods of noncomparability in the labor force
data: (1) Beginning in 1953, as a result of introducing
data from the 1950 census into the estimating proce
dure, population levels were raised by about 600,000;
labor force, total employment, and agricultural em
ployment were increased by about 350,000, primarily
affecting the figures for totals and males; other cate
gories were relatively unaffected. (2) Beginning in
1960, the inclusion of Alaska and Hawaii resulted in
an increase of about 500,000 in the population and
about 300,000 in the labor force—four-fifths of this in
crease was in nonagricultural employment; other
labor force categories were not appreciably affected.
(3) In 1962, the introduction of data from the 1960
census reduced the population by about 50,000 and
labor force and employment by about 200,000; unem
ployment totals were virtually unchanged. (4) Begin
ning in 1972, information from the 1970 census was
introduced into the estimation procedures, increasing
the population by about 800,000; labor force and em
ployment totals were raised by a little more than
300,000; and unemployment levels and rates were es
sentially unchanged. (5) A subsequent population ad
justment based on the 1970 census was introduced in
March 1973. This adjustment affected the white and
black-and-other groups but had little effect on totals.
The adjustment resulted in the reduction of nearly
300,000 in the white population and an increase of the
Changes in the occupational classification system. Begin
ning in 1971, the comparability of occupational em
ployment data was affected as a result of changes in
the occupational classification for the 1970 census that
were introduced into the CPS. These changes, which
reflected recognition of new categories and a refine
ment of existing ones, resulted in a break in series for
many major occupational groups. Comparability was
further affected in December 1971, when a question
relating to major activity or duties was added to the
monthly CPS questionnaire in order to determine
more precisely the occupational classification of indi
viduals. This change resulted in several dramatic oc
cupational shifts. As a result of this double break in
series in 1971, meaningful comparisons of occupation
al employment levels cannot be made between 1971
3
185,000; and for the overall unemployment rate, it is
0.19 percentage point. Sampling errors for monthly
surveys are reduced when the data are cumulated for
several months, such as quarterly or annually. Tables
A through I in the Explanatory Notes of Employment
and Earnings provide approximations of the standard
errors for unemployment and other labor force esti
mates derived from the CPS.
and 1972 with prior years nor between these 2 years.
The revisions in the occupational classification system
as well as in the CPS questionnaire are believed to
have had a negligible effect on unemployment rates.
For a further explanation of the changes in the occu
pational classification system, see “Revisions in Occu
pational Classifications for 1971“ and “Revisions in
the Current Population Survey” in the February 1971
and February 1972 issues, respectively, of Employment
and Earnings.
Labor Force, Employment, and
Unemployment in States and Areas
Sampling variability
(Covers tables 44-47)
Statistics derived from the CPS are subject to sam
pling error; that is, the estimates of employment, un
employment, and other labor force measures may
differ from the figures that would be obtained if it
were possible to take a complete census, even if the
same questionnaires and procedures were used. The
standard error is the measure of sampling variation—
the variation that occurs by chance because a sample
rather than the entire population is surveyed. The nu
merical value of a standard error depends upon the
size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such
that the chances are 68 out of 100 that an estimate
from the survey differs from a figure that would be
obtained through a complete census by less than the
standard error. The chances are 90 out of 100 that an
estimate based on the sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 times the standard error. At the 90-percent
level of confidence—the confidence limits used by
BLS in analysis of labor force data—the error for the
monthly change in total employment is on the order
of plus or minus 293,000; for total unemployment, it is
Estimates of the labor force, employment, unem
ployment, and unemployment rates in the States and
the District of Columbia, except for the 23 smaller
States for which such data were not collected in 1975,
are based upon the Current Population Survey (CPS).
(See above for an explanation of the CPS.) The 1975
estimates for the 23 smaller States were produced pri
marily for agencies administering programs for Feder
al fund allocation and are based on administrative sta
tistics from State unemployment insurance programs
arid other sources such as the 1970 Census of Popula
tion. No demographic data are available for the 23
smaller States for 1975.
The CPS estimates shown in table 44 have been ad
justed to revised independent estimates of population,
and may differ from the levels published in Geograph
ic Profile o f Employment and Unemployment (BLS Re
ports 402, 421, 431, 452, 481, 504, 539, 571, and 619)
which were based on provisional population esti
mates. Unemployment rates are not affected by
changes in population estimates.
4
Table 1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, 1947-79
[Persons 16 years of age and over; numbers in thousands]
Civilian labor force
Total labor force
Sex and year
Total
noninstitutional
popula
tion
Unemployed
Employed
Number
Per
cent of
popula
tion
Total
Total
Agri
culture
Nonagricultural
industries
Num
ber
Per
cent of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
BOTH SE X E S
1947..............................................
1948..............................................
1949..............................................
103,418
104,527
105,611
60,941
62,080
62,903
58.9
59.4
59.6
59,350
60,621
61,286
57,038
58,343
57,651
7,890
7,629
7,658
49,148
50,714
49,993
2,311
2,276
3,637
3.9
3.8
5.9
42,477
42,447
42,708
1950..............................................
1951..............................................
1952..............................................
19531.............................................
1954..............................................
106,645
107,721
108,823
110,601
111,671
63,858
65,117
65,730
66,560
66,993
59.9
60.4
60.4
60.2
60.0
62,208
62,017
62,138
63,015
63,643
58,918
59,961
60,250
61,179
60,109
7,160
6,726
6,500
6,260
6,205
51,758
53,235
53,749
54,919
53,904
3,288
2,055
1,883
1,834
3,532
5.3
3.3
3.0
2.9
5.5
42,787
42,604
43,093
44,041
44,678
1955..............................................
1956..............................................
1957..............................................
1958..............................................
1959..............................................
112,732
113,811
115,065
116,363
117,881
68,072
69,409
69,729
70,275
70,921
60.4
61.0
60.6
60.4
60.2
65,023
66,552
66,929
67,639
68,369
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630
6,450
6,283
5,947
5,586
5,565
55,722
57,514
58,123
57,450
59,065
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740
4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5
44,660
44,402
45,336
46,088
46,960
I9 6 0 1........ .....................................
1961..............................................
19621.............................................
1963..............................................
1964..............................................
119,759
121,343
122,981
125,154
127,224
72,142
73,031
73,442
74,571
75,830
60.2
60.2
59.7
59.6
59.6
69,628
70.459
70,614
71,833
73,091
65,778
65,746
66,702
67,762
69,305
5,458
-5,200
4,944
4,687
4,523
60,318
60,546
61,759
63,076
64,782
3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
47,617
48,312
49,539
50,583
51,394
1965..............................................
1966..............................................
1 967..............................................
1968..............................................
1969..............................................
129,236
131,180
133,319
135,562
137,841
77,178
78,893
80,793
82,272
84,240
59.7
60.1
60.6
60.7
61.1
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902
4,361
3,979
3,844
3,817
3,606
66,726
68,915
70,527
72,103
74,296
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
52,058
52,288
52,527
53,291
53,602
1 970..............................................
1971..............................................
19721.............................................
19731...... .......................................
1974..............................................
140,182
142,596
145,775
148,263
150,827
85,903
86,929
88,991
91,040
93,240
61.3
61.0
61.0
61.4
61.8
82,715
84,113
86,542
88,714
91,011
78,627
79,120
81,702
84,409
85,935
3,462
3,387
3,472
3,452
3,492
75,165
75,732
78,230
80,957
82,443
4,088
4,993
4,840
4,304
5,076
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
54,280
55,666
56,785
57,222
57,587
1975.................... ..... ....................
197 6 ..............................................
197 7 ..............................................
19781.............................................
1979..............................................
153,449
156,048
158,559
161,058
163,620
94,793
96,917
99,534
102,537
104,996
61.8
62.1
62.8
63.7
64.2
92,613
94,773
97,401
100,420
102,908
84,783
87,485
90,546
94,373
96,945
3,380
3,297
3,244
3,342
3,297
81,403
84,188
87,302
91,031
93,648
7,830
7,288
6,855
6,047
5,963
8.5
7.7
7.0
6.0
5.8
58,655
59,130
59,025
58,521
58,623
1947..............................................
1948..............................................
1949..............................................
50,968
51,439
51,922
44,258
44,729
45,097
86.8
87.0
86.9
42,686
43,286
43,498
40,995
41,725
40,925
6,643
6,358
6,343
34,352
35,367
34,583
1,692
1,559
2,572
4.0
3.6
5.9
6,710
6,710
6,825
1950..............................................
1951..............................................
1952..............................................
19531................................... ..........
1954..............................................
52,352
52,788
53,248
54,248
54,706
45,446
46,063
46,416
47,131
47,275
86.8
87.3
87.2
86.9
86.4
43,819
43,001
42,869
43,633
43,965
41,578
41,780
41,682
42,430
41,619
6,002
5,534
5,390
5,253
5,200
35,576
36,246
36,293
37,177
36,418
2,239
1,221
1,185
1,202
2,344
5.1
2.8
2.8
2.8
5.3
6,906
6,725
6,832
7,117
7,431
1955................................. .............
1956..............................................
1957..............................................
1958..............................................
1959..............................................
55,122
55,547
56,082
56,640
57,312
47,488
47,914
47,964
48,126
48,405
86.2
86.3
85.5
85.0
84.5
44,475
45,091
45,197
45,521
45,886
42,621
43,379
43,357
42,423
43,466
5,265
5,040
4,824
4,596
4,532
37,356
38,339
38,532
37,827
38,934
1,854
1,711
1,841
3,098
2,420
4.2
3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2
7,634
7,633
8,118
8,514
8,907
I9 6 0 1.............................................
1961 ...............................................
19621.............................................
196 3 ..............................................
1964..............................................
See footnotes at end of table.
58,144
58,826
59,626
60,627
61,556
48,870
49,193
49,395
49,835
50,387
84.0
83.6
82.8
82.2
81.9
46,388
46,653
46,600
47,129
47,679
43,904
43,656
44,177
44,657
45,474
4,472
4,298
4,069
3,809
3,691
39,431
39,359
40,108
40,849
41,782
2,486
2,997
2,423
2,472
2,205
5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
9,274
9,633
10,231
10,792
11,169
Males
5
Table 1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population by sex, 1947-79'
Continued
[Persons 16 years of age and over; numbers in thousands]
Total labor force
Sex and year
Total
noninstitutional
popula
tion
Civilian labor force
Employed
Number
Per
cent of
popula
tion
Total
Total
Unemployed
Agri
culture
Nonagricultural
industries
Num
ber
Per
cent of
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Males— Continued
1965.............................................
196 6 ..............................................
1967..............................................
1968..............................................
1 969.................................. ............
62,473
63,351
64,316
65,345
66,365
50,946
51,560
52,398
53,030
53,688
81.5
81.4
81.5
81.2
80.9
48,255
48,471
48,987
49,533
50,221
46,340
46,919
47,479
48,114
48,818
3,547
3,243
3,164
3,157
2,963
42,792
43,675
44,315
44,957
45,855
1,914
1,551
1,508
1,419
1,403
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8
11,527
11,792
11,919
12,315
12,677
1970..............................................
1971..............................................
19721.............................................
19731.............................................
1974..............................................
67,409
68,512
69,864
71,020
72,253
54,343
54,797
55,671
56,479
57,349
80.6
80.0
79.7
79.5
79.4
51,195
52,021
53,265
54,203
55,186
48,960
49,245
50,630
51,963
52,519
2,861
2,790
2,839
2,833
2,900
46,099
46,455
47,791
49,130
49,618
2,235
2,776
2,635
2,240
2,668
4.4
5.3
4.9
4.1
4.8
13,066
13,715
14,193
14,541
14,904
197 5 ..............................................
197 6 ..............................................
1977..............................................
19781.............................................
1979..............................................
73,494
74,739
75,981
77,169
78,397
57,706
58,397
59,467
60,535
61,466
78.5
78.1
78.3
78.4
78.4
55,615
56,359
57,449
58,542
59,517
51,230
52,391
53,861
55,491
56,499
2,801
2,716
2,639
2,681
2,645
48,429
49,675
51,222
52,810
53,854
4,385
3,968
3,588
3,051
3,018
7.9
7.0
6.2
5.2
5.1
15,788
16,341
16,514
16,634
16,931
194 7 ..............................................
194 8 ..............................................
194 9 ..............................................
52,450
53,088
53,689
16,683
17,351
17,806
31.8
32.7
33.2
16,664
17,335
17,788
16,045
16,617
16,723
1,248
1,271
1,315
14,797
15,346
15,409
619
717
1,065
3.7
4.1
6.0
35,767
37,737
35,883
1 950..............................................
1 951..............................................
1 952..............................................
19531.............................................
195 4 ..............................................
54,293
54,933
55,575
56,353
56,965
18,412
19,054
19,314
19,429
19,718
33.9
34.7
34.8
34.5
34.6
18,389
19,016
19,269
19,382
19,678
17,340
18,181
18,568
18,749
18,490
1,159
1,193
1,111
1,006
1,006
16,181
16,988
17,458
17,743
17,486
1,049
834
698
632
1,188
5.7
4.4
3.6
3.3
6.0
35,881
35,879
36,261
36,924
37,247
1955..............................................
1956..............................................
1957..............................................
1958..............................................
1959..............................................
57,610
58,264
58,983
59,723
60,569
20,584
21,495
21,765
22,149
22,516
35.7
36.9
36.9
37.1
37.2
20,548
21,461
21,732
22,118
22,483
19,551
20,419
20,714
20,613
21,164
1,184
1,244
1,123
990
1,033
18,366
19,175
19,591
19,623
20,131
998
1,039
1,018
1,504
1,320
4.9
4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9
37,026
36,769
37,218
37,574
38,053
I9601.............................................
1961..............................................
19621.............................................
1963..............................................
1964..............................................
61,615
62,517
63,355
64,527
65,668
23,272
23,838
24,047
24,736
25,443
37.8
38.1
38.0
38.3
38.7
23,240
23,806
24,014
24,704
25,412
21,874
22,090
22,525
23,105
23,831
986
902
875
878
832
20,887
21,187
21,651
22,227
23,000
1,366
1,717
1,488
1,598
1,581
5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
38,343
38,679
39,308
39,791
40,225
1965..............................................
1966..............................................
1967..............................................
1968..............................................
1969..............................................
66,763
67,829
69,003
70,217
71,476
26,232
27,333
28,395
29,242
30,551
39.3
40.3
41.2
41.6
42.7
26,200
27,299
28,360
29,204
30,513
24,748
25,976
26,893
27,807
29,084
814
736
680
660
643
23,934
25,240
26,212
27,147
28,441
1,452
1,324
1,468
1,397
1,429
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7
40,531
40,496
40,608
40,976
40,924
1970..............................................
1971..............................................
19721.............................................
19731.............................................
1974..............................................
72,774
74,084
75,911
77,242
78,575
31,560
32,132
33,320
34,561
35,892
43.4
43.4
43.9
44.7
45.7
31,520
32,091
33,277
34,510
35,825
29,667
29,875
31,072
32,446
33,417
601
598
633
619
592
29,066
29,277
30,439
31,827
32,825
1,853
2,217
2,205
2,064
2,408
5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
41,214
41,952
42,591
42,681
42,683
197 5 ..............................................
197 6 ..............................................
197 7 ..............................................
19781.............................................
1 979..............................................
79,954
81,309
82,577
83,890
85,223
37,087
38,520
40,067
42,002
43,531
46.4
47.4
48.5
50.1
51.1
36,998
38,414
39,952
41,878
43,391
33,553
35,095
36,685
38,882
40,446
579
582
605
661
652
32,973
34,513
36,080
38,221
39,794
3,445
3,320
3,267
2,996
2,945
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8
42,868
42,789
42,510
41,887
41,692
Females
1 Not strictly comparable with data for prior years. For a further
explanation, see the Technical Note on the Current Population
Survey.
6
Table 2. Total labor force and labor force participation rates by sex and age, 1947-79
See footnotes at end of table.
7
Table 2. Total labor force and labor force participation rates by sex and age, 1947-79'
Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Sex and year
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
F E M A LE S — Continued
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
Total labor force — Continued 1
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
19722......................................................................
19732 ......................................................................
1974.:......................................................................
31,560
32,132
33,320
34,561
35,892
1,324
1,331
1,455
1,579
1,655
1,926
1,970
2,121
2,230
2,350
4,893
5,090
5,337
5,618
5,867
5,704
5,939
6,525
7,195
7,826
5,971
5,957
6,025
6,149
6,354
6,533
6,571
6,549
6,558
6,687
4,153
4,216
4,224
4,179
4,158
1,056
1,057
1,085
1,054
996
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977.......................................................................
19782......................................................................
1979........................................................................
37,087
38,520
40,067
42,002
43,531
1,652
1,673
1,735
1,866
1,849
2,407
2,486
2,551
2,616
2,655
6,116
6,339
6,619
6,926
7,100
8,473
9,183
9,877
10,580
11,208
6,496
6,804
7,156
7,645
8,134
6,667
6,670
6,698
6,782
6,861
4,244
4,308
4,367
4,469
4,579
1,033
1,058
1,065
1,120
1,145
Labor force participation ra te 3
M ALES
1947........................................................................
1948........................................................................
1949........................................................................
86:8
87.0
86.9
52.2
53.4
52.3
80.5
79.9
79.5
84.9
85.7
87.8
95.8
96.1
95.9
98.0
98.0
98.0
95.5
95.8
95.6
89.6
89.5
87.5
47.8
46.8
46.9
1950........................................................................
1951........................................................................
1952........................................................................
1953...... .................................................................
1954........................................................................
86.8
87.3
87.2
86.9
86.4
52.0
54.5
53.1
51.7
48.3
79.0
80.3
79.1
78.5
76.5
89.1
91.1
92.1
92.2
91.5
96.2
97.1
97.7
97.6
97.5
97.6
97.6
97.9
98.2
98.1
95.8
96.0
96.2
96.6
96.5
86.9
87.2
87.5
87.9
88.7
45.8
44.9
42.6
41.6
40.5
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
86.2
86.3
85.5
85.0
84.5
49.5
52.6
51.1
47.9
46.0
77.1
77.9
77.7
75.7
75.5
90.8
90.8
89.8
89.5
90.1
97.7
97.4
97.3
97.3
97.5
98.1
98.0
97.9
98.0
97.8
96.5
96.6
96.4
96.3
96.0
87.9
88.5
87.5
87.8
87.4
39.6
40.0
37.5
35.6
34.2
1960........................................................................
1961........................................................................
1962........................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
84.0
83.6
82.8
82.2
81.9
46.8
45.4
43.5
42.7
43.6
73.6
71.3
71.9
73.1
72.0
90.2
89.8
89.1
88.3
88.2
97.7
97.6
97.4
97.3
97.5
97.7
97.7
97.7
97.6
97.4
95.8
95.6
95.6
95.8
95.8
86.8
87.3
86.2
86.2
85.6
33.1
31.7
30.3
28.4
28.0
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
81.5
81.4
81.5
81.2
80.9
44.6
47.0
47.5
46.8
47.7
70.0
69.0
70.9
70.2
69.6
88.0
87.9
87.5
86.5
86.6
97.4
97.5
97.4
97.1
96.9
97.4
97.3
97.4
97.2
97.0
95.6
95.3
95.2
94.9
94.6
84.7
84.5
84.4
84.3
83.4
27.9
27.0
27.7
27.3
27.2
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
1972........................................................................
1973........................................................................
1974........................................................................
80.6
80.0
79.7
79.5
79.4
47.5
47.3
48.3
50.5
51.0
69.9
69.3
72.0
73.2
74.3
86.6
85.7
85.9
86.8
87.3
96.6
96.2
95.9
95.9
96.0
97.0
96.6
96.5
96.3
96.1
94.3
93.9
93.3
93.0
92.2
83.0
82.2
80.5
78.3
77.4
26.8
25.5
24.4
22.8
22.4
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
19781......................................................................
1979........................................................................
78.5
78.1
78.3
78.4
78.4
49.0
48.9
50.6
52.2
51.8
73.0
73.1
74.4
74.8
73.9
85.9
86.4
86.7
87.1
87.6
95.5
95.5
95.6
95.5
95.6
95.8
95.5
95.8
95.8
95.9
92.1
91.6
91.2
91.3
91.5
75.8
74.5
74.0
73.5
73.0
21.7
20.3
20.1
20.5
20.0
1947........................................................................
1948........................................................................
1949........................................................................
31.8
32.7
33.2
29.5
31.4
31.2
52.3
52.1
53.0
44.9
45.3
45.0
32.0
33.2
33.5
36.3
36.9
38.1
32.7
35.0
35.9
24.3
24.3
25.3
8.1
9.1
9.6
1950........................................................................
1951........................................................................
1952........................................................................
1953........................................................................
1954........................................................................
33.9
34.7
34.8
34.5
34.6
30.1
32.2
33.4
31.0
28.7
51.3
52.7
51.4
50.8
50.5
46.1
46.6
44.8
44.5
45.3
34.0
35.4
35.5
34.1
34.5
39.1
39.8
40.5
41.3
41.3
38.0
39.7
40.1
40.4
41.2
27.0
27.6
28.7
29.1
30.1
9.7
8.9
9.1
10.0
9.3
1955.................. :....................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
35.7
36.9
36.9
37.1
37.2
28.9
32.8
31.1
28.1
28.8
51.0
52.1
51.5
51.0
49.1
46.0
46.4
46.0
46.4
45.2
34.9
35.4
35.6
35.6
35.4
41.6
43.1
43.3
43.4
43.4
43.8
45.5
46.5
47.9
49.0
32.5
34.9
34.5
35.2
36.6 I
10.6
10.9
10.5
10.3
10.2
F E M A LE S
See footnotes at end of table.
8
Table 2. Total labor force and labor force participation rates by sex and age, 1947-79Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Sex and year
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 and
17
years
20 to
24
years
18 and
19
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
Labor force participation ra te 3
--Continued
F E M A LE S —-Continued
1960.......................................................................
1961.......................................................................
1962............................................................ ...........
1963.......................................................................
1964..................................... ..................................
37.8
38.1
38.0
38.3
38.7
29.1
28.5
27.1
27.1
27.4
51.1
51.1
50.9
50.6
49.3
46.2
47.1
47.4
47.6
49.5
36.0
36.4
36.4
37.2
37.3
43.5
43.8
44.1
44.9
45.0
49.8
50.1
50.0
50.6
51.4
37.2
37.9
38.7
39.7
40.2
10.8
10.7
9.9
9.6
10.1
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
39.3
40.3
41.2
41.6
42.7
27.7
30.7
31.0
31.7
33.7
49.4
52.1
52.3
52.5
53.5
50.0
51.5
53.4
54.6
56.8
38.6
39.9
41.9
42.6
43.8
46.1
46.9
48.1
48.9
49.9
50.9
51.7
51.8
52.3
53.8
41.1
41.8
42.4
42.4
43.1
10.0
9.6
9.6
9.6
9.9
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
1972....................................................................... ^
1973....................................................................... J
1974..............................:.........................................
43.4
43.4
43.9
44.7
45.7
34.9
34.3
36.6
39.1
40.4
53.7
53.2
55.6
57.0
58.3
57.8
57.8
59.1
61.2
63.2
45.0
45.5
47.6
50.2
52.4
51.1
51.6
52.0
53.3
54.7
54.4
54.3
53.9
53.7
54.6
43.0
42.9
42.1
41.1
40.7
9.7
9.5
9.3
8.9
8.2
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
1978........................................................................
1979........................................................................
46.4
47.4
48.5
50.1
51.1
40.2
40.7
42.2
45.5
45.8
58.3
59.2
60.6
62.3
63.1
64.3
65.2
66.7
68.5
69.3
54.6
57.2
59.5
62.2
63.9
55.8
57.8
59.6
61.6
63.6
54.6
55.0
55.8
57.1
58.4
41.0
41.1
41.0
41.4
41.9
8.3
8.2
8.1
8.4
8.3
1 Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed either in the
United States or abroad.
2 See footnote 1, table 1.
3 Percent of the total noninstitutional population in the total labor
force.
9
Table 3. Civilian labor force by sex, race, and age, 1947-791
[In thousands]
Sex, year, and race
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
M ALES
1947........................................................................
1948........................................................................
1949........................................................................
42,686
43,286
43,498
1,106
1,109
1,056
1,382
1,491
1,421
4,629
4,674
4,681
10,207
10,327
10,410
9,492
9,596
9,722
7,847
7,942
8,008
5,647
5,764
5,748
2,376
2,384
2,454
1950................................................................. .......
1951........................................................................
1952........................................................................
19532......................................................................
1954........................................................................
43,819
43,001
42,869
43,633
43,965
1,047
1,080
1,101
1,070
1,024
1,457
1,266
1,210
1,249
1,273
4,632
3,935
3,338
3,054
3,052
10,527
10,375
10,585
10,737
10,772
9,793
9,798
9,945
10,436
10,513
8,117
8,204
8,326
8,570
8,703
5,794
5,874
5,950
5,974
6,105
2,454
2,469
2,415
2,544
2,525
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
44,475
45,091
45,197
45,521
45,886
1,070
1,142
1,127
1,133
1,207
1,299
1,292
1,290
1,295
1,391
3,221
3,485
3,626
3,771
3,940
10,805
10,685
10,571
10,475
10,346
10,595
10,663
10,731
10,843
10,899
8,839
9,002
9,153
9,320
9,437
6,122
6,220
6,222
6,304
6,345
2,526
2,603
2,478
2,379
2,322
I9 6 0 2......................................................................
1961........................................................................
19622......................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
46,388
46,653
46,600
47,129
47,679
1,290
1,210
1,177
1,321
1,498
1,496
1,583
1,592
1,586
1,576
4,123
4,255
4,279
4,514
4,754
10,252
10,176
9,921
9,875
9,875
10,967
11,012
11,115
11,187
11,155
9,574
9,667
9,715
9,836
9,956
6,400
6,530
6,560
6,674
6,740
2,287
2,220
2,241
2,135
2,123
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
48,255
48,471
48,987
49,533
50,221
1,531
1,610
1,658
1,687
1,770
1,866
2,074
1,976
1,994
2,101
4,894
4,820
5,043
5,070
5,282
9,902
9,948
10,207
10,610
10,940
11,121
10,983
10,860
10,725
10,556
10,045
10,100
10,189
10,267
10,343
6,763
6,847
6,938
7,025
7,058
2,131
2,089
2,118
2,150
2,174
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
19722......................................................................
19732......................................................................
1974........................................................................
51,195
52,021
53,265
54,203
55,186
1,808
1,850
1,944
2,058
2,117
2,197
2,311
2,513
2,607
2,706
5,709
6,194
6,695
7,080
7,252
11,311
11,653
12,207
12,848
13,393
10,464
10,322
10,324
10,270
10,312
10,417
10,457
10,422
10,431
10,451
7,124
7,146
7,138
7,003
7,030
2,164
2,089
2,022
1,908
1,925
1975................... ....................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
19782......................................................................
1979........................................................................
55,615
56,359
57,449
58,542
59,517
2,039
2,037
2,118
2,185
2,145
2,721
2,795
2,867
2,893
2,886
7,398
7,666
7,877
8,063
8,239
13,854
14,383
14,887
15,284
15,792
10,288
10,369
10,619
10,986
11,337
10,426
10,322
10,192
10,122
10,051
6,982
6,971
7,043
7,087
7,140
1,906
1,816
1,845
1,923
1,928
FEM ALES
1947........................................................................
1948........................................................................
1949........................................................................
16,664
17,335
17,788
643
671
648
1,192
1,164
1,163
2,716
2,719
2,659
3,740
3,932
3,997
3,676
3,800
3,989
2,731
2,972
3,099
1,522
1,565
1,678
445
514
556
1950........................................................................
1951........................................................................
1952........................................................................
19532......................................................................
1954........................................................................
18,389
19,016
19,269
19,382
19,678
611
662
706
656
620
1,101
1,095
1,046
1,050
1,062
2,675
2,659
2,502
2,428
2,424
4,092
4,292
4,320
4,162
4,212
4,161
4,301
4,438
4,662
4,709
3,327
3,534
3,636
3,680
3,822
1,839
1,923
2,032
2,048
2,164
584
551
590
693
666
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
20,548
21,461
21,732
22,118
22,483
641
736
716
€85
765
1,083
1,127
1,144
1,147
1,131
2,445
2,455
2,442
2,500
2,473
4,251
4,276
4,255
4,193
4,089
4,805
5,031
5,116
5,185
5,227
4,154
4,405
4,615
4,859
5,081
2,391
2,610
2,631
2,727
2,883
780
821
813
822
836
I9 6 0 2......................................................................
1961........................................................................
19622.......................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
23,240
23,806
24,014
24,704
25,412
805
774
742
850
950
1,250
1,368
1,405
1,381
1,364
2,580
2,697
2,802
2,959
3,210
4,131
4,143
4,103
4,174
4,180
5,303
5,389
5,474
5,600
5,614
5,278
5,403
5,381
5,503
5,680
2,986
3,105
3,198
3,332
3,447
907
926
911
905
966
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969.................................... ....................................
26,200
27,299
28,360
29,204
30,513
954
1,054
1,076
1,130
1,240
1,559
1,819
1,811
1,808
1,860
3,364
3,589
3,967
4,235
4,597
4,329
4,508
4,848
5,098
5,395
5,720
5,756
5,844
5,865
5,901
5,712
5,883
5,984
6,131
6,386 I
3,587
3,727
3,855
3,938
4,077
976
963
978
999
1,056
See footnotes at end of table.
10
Table 3. Civilian labor force by sex, race, and age, 1947-791 Continued
—
[In thousands]
Sex, year, and race
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
F E M A LE S — Continued
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
19722......................................................................
19732......................................................................
1974........................................................................
31,520
32,091
33,277
34,510
35,825
1,324
1,331
1,454
1,578
1,654
1,917
1,961
2,112
2,219
2,335
4,874
5,071
5,315
5,592
5,832
5,698
5,933
6,518
7,186
7,814
5,967
5,954
6,022
6,146
6,351
6,531
6,569
6,548
6,556
6,686
4,153
4,215
4,224
4,179
4,157
1,056
1,057
1,085
1,054
996
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
19782......................................................................
1979........................................................................
36,998
38,414
39,952
41,878
43,391
1,652
1,672
1,734
1,865
1,848
2,387
2,466
2,533
2,597
2,633
6,069
6,280
6,556
6,860
7,029
8,456
9,160
9,848
10,546
11,167
6,493
6,800
7,152
7,641
8,130
6,665
6,669
6,697
6,781
6,860
4,244
4,308
4,367
4,468
4,579
1,033
1,058
1,065
1,120
1,145
39,760
40,196
40,734
40,821
41,080
41,397
895
934
1,003
992
1,001
1,077
1,094
1,121
1,111
1,115
1,116
1,202
2,656
2,802
3,034
3,153
3,278
3,408
9,695
9,720
9,594
9,483
9,386
9,261
9,516
9,598
9,662
9,719
9,822
9,876
7,914
8,027
8,175
8,317
8,465
8,581
5,654
5,653
5,736
5,735
5,800
5,833
2,338
2,342
2,417
2,308
2,213
2,158
I9 6 0 2....................................................................... 41,742
1961........................................................................ 41,986
19622...................................................................... 41,931
1963........................................................................ 42,404
1964........................................................................ 42,893
1,140
1,067
1,041
1,183
1,345
1,293
1,372
1,391
1,380
1,371
3,559
3,681
3,726
3,955
4,166
9,153
9,072
8,846
8,805
8,800
9,919
9,961
10,029
10,079
10,055
8,689
8,776
8,820
8,944
9,053
5,861
5,988
5,995
6,090
6,160
2,129
2,068
2,082
1,967
1,943
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
43,400
43,572
44,042
44,554
45,185
1,359
1,423
1,464
1,504
1,583
1,639
1,831
1,727
1,732
1,830
4,279
4,200
4,416
4,432
4,615
8,823
8,859
9,101
9,477
9,773
10,023
9,892
9,784
9,661
9,509
9,129
9,189
9,260
9,340
9,413
6,188
6,250
6,349
6,427
6,467
1,958
1,928
1,943
1,980
1,995
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
19722......................................................................
19732......................................................................
1974........................................................................
46,013
46,801
47,930
48,648
49,486
1,628
1,675
1,749
1,862
1,905
1,922
2,038
2,220
2,297
2,387
4,983
5,422
5,890
6,206
6,382
10,088
10,390
10,940
11,478
11,946
9,413
9,286
9,261
9,187
9,213
9,488
9,530
9,479
9,454
9,467
6,515
6,542
6,548
6,432
6,437
1,977
1,918
1,841
1,733
1,749
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
19782......................................................................
1979........................................................................
49,881
50,506
51,421
52,258
53,074
1,851
1,844
1,920
1,969
1,937
2,413
2,483
2,541
2,556
2,555
6,531
6,758
6,944
7,100
7,225
12,345
12,813
13,251
13,570
14,001
9,190
9,241
9,453
9,794
10,111
9,431
9,327
9,195
9,091
8,994
6,390
6,396
6,445
6,454
6,511
1,731
1,643
1,671
1,725
1,740
1954........................................................................
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1 9 5 7 ........... :............................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
17,057
17,886
18,693
18,920
19,213
19,556
552
576
654
645
614
698
960
966
1,003
1,022
1,028
1,023
2,098
2,137
2,158
2,131
2,172
2,135
3,532
3,546
3,559
3,561
3,498
3,409
4,025
4,131
4,340
4,397
4,435
4,479
3,346
3,654
3,866
4,065
4,262
4,467
1,937
2,156
2,344
2,357
2,454
2,577
607
720
748
743
751
767
I9 6 0 2.......................................................................
1961........................................................................
19622.......................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964..................................................... ...................
20,171
20,668
20,819
21,426
22,028
731
700
668
767
867
1,112
1,222
1,254
1,228
1,201
2,228
2,345
2,438
2,582
2,786
3,441
3,431
3,372
3,424
3,435
4,531
4,596
4,666
4,780
4,797
4,633
4,741
4,731
4,845
4,989
2,661
2,785
2,861
2,977
3,077
835
849
830
823
874
1965.................................... ....................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
22,736
23,702
24,657
25,424
26,594
862
944
967
1,015
1,115
1,405
1,630
1,591
1,588
1,640
2,910
3,123
3,470
3,677
3,999
3,568
3,732
4,021
4,263
4,516
4,876
4,894
4,980
5,021
5,055
5,032
5,181
5,285
5,416
5,645
3,203
3,333
3,468
3,541
3,665
879
865
877
903
958
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
19722................. .....................................................
19732.......................................................................
1974........................................................................
27,505
27,989
29,028
30,041
31,192
1,194
1,210
1,330
1,432
1,504
1,695
1,749
1,876
1,962
2,071
4,246
4,422
4,633
4,858
5,064
4,790
4,968
5,484
6,055
6,612
5,112
5,083
5,126
5,236
5,409
5,781
5,814
5,807
5,806
5,914
3,734
3,787
3,813
3,750
3,728
952
956
959
941
890
WHITE
Males
1954........................................................................
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
Fem ales
See footnotes at end of table.
11
Table 3. Civilian labor force by sex, race, and age, 1947-79x Continued
—
[In thousands]
Total,
16
years
and
over
20 to
24
years
65
years
and
over
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
32,203
33,371
34,686
36,198
37,528
1,484
1,518
1,587
1,683
1,660
2,110
2,193
2,247
2,281
2,323
5,296
5,457
5,682
5,906
6,067
7,176
7,729
8,326
8,904
9,436
5,535
5,814
6,113
6,515
6,963
5,884
5,868
5,867
5,925
5,984
3,800
3,861
3,918
3,997
4,087
917
929
946
986
1,008
1954........................................................................
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
4,203
4,279
4,359
4,376
4,442
4,490
127
135
140
135
133
130
178
178
181
175
180
188
396
419
450
473
493
532
1,075
1,085
1,090
1,088
1,089
1,085
997
998
1,002
1,012
1,021
1,023
790
813
827
836
855
849
451
468
484
487
505
512
187
183
185
170
166
163
I9 6 0 2......................................................................
1961........................................................................
19622......................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
4,645
4,666
4,668
4,725
4,785
150
142
136
138
154
203
210
201
206
205
564
575
553
558
588
1,099
1,103
1,074
1,070
1,074
1,049
1,050
1,087
1,109
1,101
884
891
895
891
903
538
542
564
584
580
158
151
159
168
181
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
4,855
4,899
4,945
4,979
5,036
172
187
194
183
187
226
244
249
262
271
614
620
628
639
667
1,079
1,089
1,106
1,133
1,167
1,098
1,090
1,076
1,064
1,048
916
912
929
927
931
575
597
590
598
592
173
162
175
174
175
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
19722......................................................................
19732......................................................................
1974......................................................................
5,182
5,220
5,335
5,555
5,700
180
175
195
196
213
275
272
293
310
319
725
772
804
874
817
1,223
1,263
1,267
1,370
1,447
1,052
1,037
1,063
1,083
1,099
929
927
943
977
984
609
604
590
571
592
188
179
185
176
170
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
19782......................................................................
1979........................................................................
5,734
5,853
6,028
6,284
6,443
189
193
198
216
208
307
311
326
337
331
867
908
934
963
1,013
1,509
1,570
1,635
1,714
1,791
1,098
1,128
1,167
1,192
1,226
995
995
996
1,031
1,057
592
575
598
632
628
176
172
174
198
188
1954........................................................................
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
2,621
2,663
2,768
2,812
2,905
2,928
68
65
82
71
71
66
101
117
124
122
120
107
326
307
297
311
328
338
680
706
717
694
695
680
684
673
692
719
750
748
476
499
519
550
597
614
226
235
266
274
274
304
59
60
72
70
72
69
I9 6 0 2..................... .................................................
1961........................................................................
19622......................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
3,069
3,136
3,195
3,279
3,384
74
74
73
82
83
139
146
151
153
164
352
353
364
377
424
690
712
730
749
744
771
793
809
821
818
645
662
650
656
690
324
320
336
354
370
73
77
82
84
92
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
3,464
3,597
3,704
3,780
3,918
92
110
110
115
125
154
188
219
220
219
454
466
497
558
598
761
777
827
835
878
844
863
864
845
846
680
702
699
715
741
383
394
387
397
412
96
99
102
96
99
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
19722......................................................................
19732.......................................................................
1974........................................................................
4,015
4,102
4,249
4,470
4,633
129
122
125
146
150
222
212
236
257
264
628
649
682
734
768
907
965
1,034
1,131
1,202
855
871
895
910
942
750
755
740
750
772
419
429
411
428
430
104
101
126
113
106
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
19782......................................................................
1979........................................................................
4,795
5,044
5,266
5,679
5,863
167
154
147
182
188
277
273
287
315
309
772
823
874
954
962
1,280
1,431
1,521
1,642
1,731
957
987
1,039
1,126
1,167
781
800
830
856
876
444
447
449
472
492
116
129
119
134
137
Sex, year, and race
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
W HITE— Continued
Fem ales— Continued
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
19782......................................................................
1979........................................................................
B L A C K AND OTHER
Males
Females
1 Absolute numbers by race are not available prior to 1954 because population controls by race were not introduced into the
Current Population Survey until that year,
2 See footnote 1, table 1.
12
Table 4. Civilian labor force participation rates1 by sex, race, and age, 1947-79
Sex, year, and race
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
M ALES
1947.......................................................................
1948.......................................................................
1949.......................................................................
86.4
86.6
86.4
50.9
52.1
51.2
75.1
76.4
75.4
83.6
84.6
86.6
95.6
95.9
95.8
98.0
97.9
97.9
95.5
95.8
95.6
89.6
89.5
87.5
47.8
46.8
47.0
1950.......................................................................
1951.................................................. .....................
1952.......................................................................
1953.......................................................................
1954............................................. .........................
86.4
86.5
86.3
86.0
85.5
51.3
53.0
51.9
50.4
47.1
75.9
75.0
73.5
73.4
71.5
87.9
88.4
88.1
87.7
87.0
96.0
96.9
97.5
97.4
97.3
97.6
97.5
97.8
98.2
98.1
95.8
95.9
96.2
96.5
96.5
86.9
87.2
87.5
87.9
88.7
45.8
44.9
42.6
41.6
40.5
1955.......................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957.......................................................................
1958.......................................................................
1959........................................................................
85.3
85.5
84.8
84.2
83.7
48.1
51.0
49.3
46.5
45.0
72.2
72.5
71.7
69.7
70.6
86.8
87.8
87.0
86.9
88.8
97.6
97.3
97.1
97.1
97.4
98.1
97.9
97.9
97.9
98.8
96.5
96.5
96.3
96.3
96.0
87.9
88.5
87.5
87.8
87.4
39.6
40.0
37.5
35.6
34.2
1960........................................................................
1961.................................................. ......................
1962........................................................................
1963................................................ ........................
1964........................................................................
83.3
82.9
82.0
81.4
81.0
46.0
44.1
42.6
41.8
42.8
69.3
66.8
66.7
68.0
66.7
88.1
87.8
86.9
86.1
86.1
97.5
97.5
97.2
97.1
97.3
97.7.
97.6
97.6
97.5
97.3
95.7
95.6
95.6
95.7
95.7
86.8
87.3
86.2
86.2
85.6
33.1
31.7
30.3
28.4
28.0
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968..................;.....................................................
1969........................................................................
80.7
80.4
80.4
80.1
79.8
43.9
46.3
47.0
46.4
47.3
65.9
65.2
65.6
65.4
65.9
85.8
85.1
84.4
82.8
82.8
97.3
97.3
97.2
96.9
96.7
97.3
97.2
97.3
97.1
96.9
95.6
95.3
95.2
94.9
94.6
84.6
84.5
84.4
84.3
83.4
27.9
27.5
27.1
27.3
27.2
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
1972........................................................................
1973........................................................................
1974........................................................................
79.7
79.1
79.0
78.8
78.7
47.0
46.9
47.9
50.0
50.6
66.7
66.6
69.6
70.8
72.1
83.3
83.0
83.9
85.3
86.0
96.4
96.0
95.7
95.7
95.9
96.9
96.5
96.4
96.2
96.0
94.2
93.9
93.2
93.0
92.2
83.0
82.2
80.5
78.3
77.4
26.8
25.5
24.4
22.8
22.4
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
1978........................................................................
1979........................................................................
77.9
77.5
77.7
77.9
77.9
48.6
48.5
50.3
51.9
51.6
70.7
71.0
72.5
73.0
72.1
84.6
85.2
85.7
86.0
86.6
95.3
95.3
95.4
95.4
95.4
95.7
95.4
95.7
95.7
95.8
92.1
91.6
91.2
91.3
91.4
75.8
74.5
74.0
73.5
73.0
21.7
20.3
20.1
20.5
20.0
1947........................................................................
1948....................................................................... .
1949............................................... '........................
31.8
32.7
33.1
29.4
31.4
31.2
52.2
52.1
53.0
44.8
45.3
45.0
31.9
33.2
33.4
36.3
36.9
38.1
32.7
35.0
35.9
24.3
24.3
25.3
8.1
9.1
9.6
1950..;......................................................................
1951........................................................................
1952................................................. .......................
1953........................................................................
1954........................................................................
33.9
34.6
34.7
34.4
34.6
30.1
32.2
33.4
31.0
28.7
51.3
52.5
51.2
50.7
50.4
46.0
46.5
44.7
44.3
45.1
34.0
35.4
35.4
34.0
34.4
39.1
39.8
40.4
41.3
41.2
37.9
39.6
40.1
40.4
41.1
27.0
27.6
28.7
29.1
30.1
9.7
8.9
9.1
10.0
9.3
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
35.7
36.9
36.9
37.1
37.1
28.9
32.8
31.1
28.1
28.8
50.9
51.9
51.4
50.8
48.9
45.9
46.3
45.9
46.3
45.1
34.9
35.4
35.6
35.6
35.3
41.6
43.1
43.3
43.4
43.3
43.8
45.5
46.5
47.8
49.0
32.5
34.9
34.5
35.2
36.6
10.6
10.8
10.5
10.3
10.2
1960........................................................................
1961........................................................................
1962........................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
37.7
38.1
37.9
38.3
38.7
29.1
28.5
27.1
27.1
27.4
50.9
51.0
50.8
50.5
49.2
46.1
47.0
47.3
47.5
49.4
36.0
36.4
36.3
37.1
37.2
43.4
43.8
44.1
44.9
45.0
49.8
50.1
50.0
50.6
51.4
37.2
37.9
38.7
39.7
40.2
10.8
10.7
9.9
9.6
10.1
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
39.3
40.3
41.1
41.6
42.7
27.7
30.7
31.0
31.7
33.7
49.3
52.0
52.2
52.4
53.4
49.9
51.4
53.3
54.5
56.7
38.5
39.8
41.9
42.6
43.7
46.1
46.9
48.1
48.9
49.9
50.9
51.7
51.8
52.3
53.8
41.1
41.8
42.0
42.4
43.1
10.0
9.6
9.6
9.6
9.9
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
1972........................................................................
1973.................................................. ......................
1974........................................................................
43.3
43.3
43.9
44.7
45.6
34.9
34.3
36.6
39.1
40.4
53.6
53.1
55.5
56.9
58.1
57.7
57.7
59.0
61.1
63.0
45.0
45.5
47.6
50.1
52.4
51.1
51.6
52.0
53.3
54.7
54.4
54.3
53.9
53.7
54.6
43.0
42.9
42.1
41.1
40.7
9.7
9.5
9.3
8.9
8.2
F E M A LE S
See footnote; at end of table.
13
Table 4. Civilian labor force participation rates1 by sex, race, and age, 1947-79Continued
Total,
16
years
and
over
25 to
34
years
65
years
and
over
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
46.3
47.3
48.4
50.0
51.0
40.2
40.7
42.2
45.5
45.8
58.1
59.0
60.5
62.1
62.9
64.1
65.0
66.5
68.3
69.1
54.6
57.1
59.5
62.1
63.8
55.8
57.8
59.6
61.6
63.6
54.6
55.0
55.8
57.1
58.4
41.0
41.1
41.0
41.4
41.9
8.3
8.2
8.1
8.4
8.3
1954.......................................................................
1955.......................................................................
1956.......................................................................
1957.......................................................................
1958.......................................................................
1959.......................................................................
85.6
85.4
85.6
84.8
84.3
83.8
47.1
48.0
51.3
49.6
46.8
45.4
70.4
71.7
71.9
71.6
69.4
70.3
86.4
85.6
87.6
86.7
86.7
87.3
97.5
97.8
97.4
97.2
97.2
97.5
98.2
98.3
98.1
98.0
98.0
98.0
96.8
96.7
96.8
96.6
96.6
96.3
89.2
88.4
88.9
88.0
88.2
87.9
40.4
39.5
40.0
37.7
35.7
34.3
1960.......................................................................
1961.......................................................................
1962.......................................................................
1963.......................................................................
1964.......................................................................
83.4
83.0
82.1
81.5
81.1
46.0
44.3
42.9
42.4
43.5
69.0
66.2
66.4
67.8
66.6
87.8
87.6
86.5
85.8
85.7
97.7
97.7
97.4
97.4
97.5
97.9
97.9
97.9
97.8
97.6
96.1
95.9
96.0
96.2
96.1
87.2
87.8
86.7
86.6
86.1
33.3
31.9
30.6
28.4
27.9
1965........................................................................
1966.......................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968.......................................................................
1969........................................................................
80.8
80.6
80.7
80.4
80.2
44.6
47.1
47.9
47.7
48.8
65.8
65.4
66.1
65.7
66.3
85.3
84.4
84.0
82.4
82.6
97.4
97.5
97.5
97.2
97.0
97.7
97.6
97.7
97.6
97.4
95.9
95.8
95.6
95.4
95.1
85.2
84.9
84.9
84.7
83.9
27.9
27.2
27.1
27.3
27.3
1970.......................................................................
1971........................................................................
1972........................................................................
1973.................................. ......................................
1974........................................................................
80.0
79.6
79.6
79.5
79.4
48.9
49.2
50.2
52.7
53.3
67.4
67.8
71.1
72.3
73.6
83.3
83.2
84.3
85.8
86.5
96.7
96.3
96.0
96.3
96.3
97.3
97.0
97.0
96.8
96.7
94.9
94.7
94.0
93.5
93.0
83.3
82.6
81.2
79.0
78.1
26.7
25.6
24.4
22.8
22.5
1975........................ ...............................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
1978........................................................................
1979........................................................................
78.7
78.4
78.5
78.6
78.6
51.8
51.8
53.8
55.3
55.3
72.8
73.5
74.9
75.3
74.5
85.5
86.2
86.8
87.2
87.6
95.8
95.9
96.0
96.0
96.1
96.4
96.0
96.2
96.3
96.4
92.9
92.5
92.2
92.1
92.2
76.5
75.4
74.7
73.9
73.6
21.8
20.3
20.2
20.4
20.1
1954........................................................................
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
33.3
34.5
35.7
35.7
35.8
36.0
29.3
29.9
33.5
32.1
28.8
29.9
52.1
52.0
53.0
52.6
52.3
50.8
44.4
45.8
46.5
45.8
46.1
44.5
32.5
32.8
33.2
33.6
33.6
33.4
39.4
39.9
41.5
41.5
41.4
41.4
39.8
42.7
44.4
45.4
46.5
47.8
29.1
31.8
34.0
33.7
34.5
35.7
9.1
10.5
10.6
10.2
10.1
10.2
1960........................................................................
1961........................................................................
1962........................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
36.5
36.9
36.7
37.2
37.5
30.0
29.4
27.9
27.9
28.5
51.9
51.9
51.6
51.3
49.6
45.7
46.9
47.1
47.3
48.8
34.1
34.3
34.1
34.8
35.0
41.5
41.8
42.2
43.1
43.3
48.6
48.9
48.9
49.5
50.2
36.2
37.2
38.0
38.9
39.4
10.6
10.5
9.8
9.4
9.9
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
38.1
39.2
40.1
40.7
41.8
28.7
31.8
32.3
33.0
35.2
50.6
53.1
52.7
53.3
54.6
49.2
51.0
53.1
54.0
56.4
36.3
37.7
39.7
40.6
41.7
44.3
45.0
46.4
47.5
48.6
49.9
50.6
50.9
51.5
53.0
40.3
41.1
41.9
42.0
42.6
9.7
9.4
9.3
9.4
9.7
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
1972........................................................................
1973........................................................................
1974........................................................................
42.6
42.6
43.2
44.1
45.2
36.6
36.4
39.3
41.7
43.3
55.0
55.0
57.4
58.9
60.4
57.7
57.9
59.4
61.6
63.8
43.2
43.6
45.8
48.5
51.1
49.9
50.2
50.7
52.2
53.7
53.7
53.7
53.4
53.4
54.3
42.6
42.5
42.0
40.8
40.4
9.5
9.3
9.0
8.7
8.0
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
1978........................................................................
1979........................................................................
45.9
46.9
48.1
49.5
50.6
42.7
43.8
45.8
48.9
49.1
60.4
61.8
63.3
64.6
65.8 |
65.4
66.2
67.7
69.3
70.5
53.5
55.8
58.3
61.0
62.9
54.9
57.1
58.9
60.7
63.0
54.3
54.7
55.4
56.7
58.1
40.7
40.8
40.8
41.2
41.6
8.0
8.0
8.0
8.1
8.1
Sex, year, and race
20 to
24
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
F E M A LE S— Continued
1975.......................................................................
1976.......................................................................
1977.......................................................................
1978.......................................................................
1979.......................................................................
WHITE
Males
Females
See footnote at end of table.
14
Table 4. Civilian labor force participation rates1 by sex, race, and age, 1947-79'
Continued
Sex, year, and race
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
B L A C K AND O TH ER
Males
1954.......................................................................
1955.......... .............................................................
1956.......................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
85.2
85.0
85.1
84.3
84.0
83.4
46.7
48.2
49.6
47.5
45.1
41.7
78.4
75.7
76.4
72.0
71.7
72.0
91.1
89.7
88.9
89.6
88.7
90.8
96.3
95.8
96.2
96.1
96.3
96.3
96.6
96.2
96.2
96.5
96.4
95.8
93.2
94.2
94.4
93.5
93.9
92.8
83.0
83.1
83.9
82.4
83.3
82.5
41.2
40.0
39.8
35.9
34.5
33.5
1960........................................................................
1961........................................................................
1962.......................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
83.0
82.2
80.8
80.2
80.0
45.6
42.5
40.2
37.2
37.3
71.2
70.5
68.8
69.1
67.2
90.4
89.7
89.3
88.6
89.4
96.2
95.9
95.3
94.9
95.9
95.5
94.8
94.5
94.9
94.4
92.3
92.3
92.2
91.1
91.6
82.5
81.6
81.5
82.5
80.6
31.2
29.4
27.2
27.6
29.6
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
79.6
79.0
78.5
77.6
76.9
39.3
41.1
41.2
37.9
37.7
66.7
63.7
62.7
63.3
63.2
89.8
89.9
87.2
85.0
84.4
95.7
95.5
95.5
95.0
94.4
94.2
94.1
93.6
93.4
92.7
92.0
90.7
91.3
90.1
89.5
78.8
81.1
79.3
79.6
77.9
27.9
25.6
27.2
26.6
26.1
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
1972........................................................................
1973........................................................................
1974........................................................................
76.5
74.9
73.7
73.8
73.3
34.8
32.4
34.1
33.4
34.6
61.8
58.9
60.1
61.4
62.4
83.5
81.5
81.5
81.8
82.1
93.7
92.9
92.7
91.7
92.3
93.2
92.0
91.4
91.3
90.9
88.2
86.9
86.1
88.0
84.7
79.2
77.8
73.6
70.7
70.2
27.4
24.5
23.6
22.6
21.7
1975........................................................ ...............
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
1978........................................................................
1979........................................................................
71.5
70.7
71.0
72.1
71.9
30.1
30.2
30.8
33.2
31.7
57.5
55.6
57.8
59.5
57.8
78.4
78.4
78.2
78.0
80.1
91.4
90.6
90.4
90.9
90.6
90.0
90.6
91.4
91.0
90.9
84.6
83.4
82.7
84.5
85.5
68.7
65.7
67.0
69.1
66.9
20.9
19.7
19.3
21.3
19.6
1954........................................................................
1955................................................ !......................
1956........................................................................
1957....................... .................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
46.1
46.1
47.3
47.2
48.0
47.7
24.5
22.7
28.3
24.1
23.2
20.7
37.7
43.2
44.6
42.8
41.2
36.1
49.6
46.7
44.9
46.6
48.3
48.8
49.7
51.3
52.1
50.4
50.8
50.0
57.5
56.0
57.0
58.7
60.8
60.0
53.4
54.8
55.3
56.8
59.8
60.0
41.2
40.7
44.5
44.3
42.8
46.4
12.2
12.1
14.5
13.6
13.3
12.6
1960........................................................................
1961........................................................................
1962........................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
48.2
48.3
48.0
48.1
48.5
22.1
21.6
21.0
21.5
19.5
44.3
44.6
45.5
44.9
46.5
48.8
47.7
48.6
49.2
53.6
49.7
51.2
52.0
53.3
52.8
59.8
60.5
59.7
59.4
58.4
60.5
61.1
60.5
60.6
62.3
47.3
45.2
46.1
47.3
48.4
12.8
13.1
12.2
11.8
12.7
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
48.6
49.3
49.5
49.3
49.8
20.5
23.6
22.8
23.3
24.4
40.0
44.0
48.7
46.9
45.4
55.2
54.5
54.9
58.4
58.6
54.0
54.9
57.5
56.6
57.8
59.9
60.9
60.8
59.3
59.5
60.2
61.0
59.6
59.8
60.8
48.9
49.1
47.1
47.0
47.5
12.9
13.0
13.0
11.9
11.9
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
1972........................................................................
1973........................................................................
1974........................................................................
49.5
49.2
48.7
49.1
49.1
24.3
21.9
21.4
24.3
24.2
44.7
41.4
43.9
45.1
44.6
57.7
56.0
56.7
57.5
58.2
57.6
59.2
60.1
61.0
60.8
59.9
61.0
60.7
60.7
61.5
60.2
59.4
57.3
56.4
56.9
47.1
47.1
43.9
44.7
43.5
12.2
11.5
12.8
11.1
10.0
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
1978........................................................................
1979........................................................................
49.2
50.2
50.9
53.3
53.5
26.5
23.9
22.6
27.7
28.7
45.1
43.3
44.8
48.6
47.3
56.2
57.9
59.4
62.8
61.6
-61.4
65.3
66.5
68.7
69.0
61.7
62.2
63.7
67.1
67.5
56.8
57.3
58.7
59.8
60.3
43.8
43.4
42.7
43.6
44.3
10.5
11.2
9.9
10.7
10.6
Females
1Percent of the civilian noninstitutional population in the civilian
labor force.
15
Table 5. Civilian labor force participation rates1 by marital status, age, and sex, 1959-79
Marital status and year
Total,
16
years
and
over2
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
M ALES
Married, spouse present
1959.......................................................................................
1960.......................................................................................
1961.......................................................................................
1962.......................................................................................
1963.............................,.........................................................
1964.......................................................................................
89.6
89.2
89.0
88.2
87.8
87.5
(3)
(3) •
(3)
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
97.2
96.7
96.7
94.1
92.5
96.2
96.4
97.1
97.1
96.2
96.3
96.8
98.7
98.8
98.9
98.7
98.7
98.6
98.7
98.6
98.6
98.7
98.5
98.3
93.9
93.7
93.8
93.3
93.4
93.0
38.2
36.6
35.3
33.8
31.8
31.4
1965.......................................................................................
1966....:..................................................................................
1967..................... .................................................................
1968.......................................................................................
1969.......................................................................................
87.4
87.1
87.0
86.8
86.8
(3)
(3)
(3
)
(3
)
(3)
92.9
94.1
96.2
95.5
93.7
96.4
96.7
95.9
95.2
95.2
98.5
98.6
98.5
98.4
98.3
98.4
98.4
98.3
98.2
98.1
92.6
92.4
92.2
92.0
91.5
31.0
30.2
30.1
30.2
29.9
1970.......................................................................................
1971.............................................. ........................................
1972.......................................................................................
1973.......................................................................................
1974.......................................................................................
86.1
85.5
85.0
84.4
83.9
(3)
(3)
(3
)
(3)
82.1
94.7
93.7
96.1
94.9
96.2
94.7
94.6
95.0
95.4
96.2
98.0
97.7
97.6
97.6
97.8
98.1
97.8
97.7
97.6
97.5
91.2
90.7
89.8
88.6
87.7
29.9
27.8
26.4
24.8
24.2
1975.......................................................................................
1976.......................................................................................
1977.......................................................................................
1978.......................................................................................
1979.......................................................................................
83.0
82.4
82.1
81.8
81.6
(3
)
(3)
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
95.6
95.8
96.7
96.6
96.3
95.3
95.6
96.5
96.5
97.0
97.4
97.4
97.5
97.6
97.6
97.1
96.9
97.2
97.1
97.2
86.8
86.1
85.5
85.1
84.8
23.3
21.9
21.8
22.4
21.8
1959.......................................................................................
1960.........................................:..................................... :......
1961.......................................................................................
1962.......................................................................................
1963.......................................................................................
1964.......................................................................................
60.6
60.2
57.9
56.3
55.8
55.6
34.3
33.9
31.7
30.5
30.6
31.7
68.3
67.1
64.0
64.2
66.1
64.5
79.9
80.3
79.9
78.6
77.4
76.6
91.0
91.5
90.1
89.6
89.2
90.7
88.9
88.6
88.3
87.4
87.9
87.3
82.3
80.1
79.4
79.9
78.9
79.2
30.0
31.2
28.5
28.4
25.1
24.9
1965...................................................................;...................
1966.......................................................................................
1967.......................................................................................
1968.......................................................................................
1969.......................................................................................
55.5
64.6
65.2
64.6
64.9
32.3
46.1
46.8
46.2
47.2
63.8
62.8
63.3
63.2
63.6
75.7
73.5
73.6
71.9
72.4
90.0
89.6
90.1
89.0
87.8
87.5
87.5
87.3
86.6
86.5
78.1
75.7
77.0
77.8
75.9
23.2
20.4
22.1
24.2
24.8
1970.......................................................................................
1971.......................................................................................
1972.......................................................................................
1973.......................................................................................
1974.......................................................................................
65.5
65 4
66.9
68.2
69.2
46.8
46.7
47.7
49.7
50.2
64.4
64.4
67.5
68.8
70.2
73.8
73.7
75.8
77.6
78.7
87.9
87.4
86.4
86.9
86.9
86.2
84.0
84.1
83.0
82.9
75.7
74.7
71.6
70.9
70.8
25.2
25.1
23.5
20.8
20.2
1975.......................................................................................
1976.......................................................................................
1977.......................................................................................
1978.......................................................................................
1979.......................................................................................
68.6
69.5
70.9
72.2
72.6
48.4
48.3
50.1
51.8
51.4
68.9
69.3
71.1
71.7
70.9
77.9
79.1
79.7
81.0
81.8
86.7
87.6
88.2
88.8
89.2
83.2
82.2
82.2
84.0
82.5
69.9
68.8
67.8
67.9
67.3
21.0
20.7
19.6
16.8
18.2
1959.......................................................................................
1960.......................................................................................
1961.......................................................................................
1962...................................................................................... .
1963.......................................................................................
1964.......................................................................................
62.8
63.1
62.4
59.9
60.0
60.3
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
(3
)
(3)
(3
)
95.7
96.9
95.0
92.0
92.2
92.0
94.9
95.2
96.6
94.4
94.4
94.5
94.5
94.4
93.6
92.9
93.2
93.3
90.3
83.2
83.0
82.1
82.1
82.0
23.3
22.7
21.2
20.2
19.4
18.7
1965.......................................................................................
1966.......................................................................................
1967.......................................................................................
1968.......................................................................................
1969.......................................................................................
60.4
59.7
58.9
59.4
59.8
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
96.6
93.2
91.4
90.8
92.5
95.1
94.6
94.7
94.4
94.7
93.0
91.6
92.9
92.1
90.3
80.8
80.7
79.8
79.0
79.3
18.7
17.7
18.3
17.7
18.0
1970.......................................................................................
1971.......................................................................................
1972.......................................................................................
1973.......................................................................................
1974.......................................................................................
60.6
61.3
61.5
61.6
63.0
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3
)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3
)
90.4
88.4
89.0
89.9
93.6
93.7
93.3
92.8
93.0
94.6
91.1
91.4
90.5
91.0
90.5
78.5
77.4
75.5
74.4
74.4
18.3
16.9
16.9
15.8
16.1
Single
O th e r4
See footnotes at end of table.
16
Table 5. Civilian labor force participation rates1 by marital status, age, and sex,
1959-79— Continued
Total,
16
years
and
over2
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
63.2
63.3
64.6
66.0
80.0
(3)
(3
)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
88.8
92.3
93.0
90.6
90.9
92.4
92.3
93.7
93.2
93.4
89.4
89.8
91.4
91.6
93.0
73.4
71.5
71.5
72.8
73.7
15.4
13.6
13.1
13.6
13.4
1959........................................................................................
1960........................................................................................
1961........................................................................................
1962........................................................................................
1963........................................................................................
1964..................................................................................... .
31.2
31.9
32.5
32.8
33.4
34.1
16.8
16.8
18.4
18.6
19.8
18.4
30.1
30.9
31.1
33.6
33.8
32.9
31.4
31.7
33.0
33.6
33.3
35.9
28.2
28.8
29.1
29.3
30.1
30.3
36.9
37.2
37.8
38.5
39.0
39.7
35.0
36.0
36.9
37.4
38.2
39.2
6.3
6.7
6.8
6.3
6.3
6.4
1965........................................................................................
1966........................................................................................
1967........................................................ ...............................
1968.......................................................................................
1969........................................................................................
34.9
35.9
37.3
38.2
39.5
18.6
20.6
21.8
23.4
22.0
34.1
37.3
38.6
40.8
41.7
37.1
38.9
41.5
42.8
46.4
31.5
33.1
35.5
36.3
37.3
40.5
41.4
42.7
44.1
45.5
39.5
40.3
41.3
42.0
43.2
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.9
7.1
1970........................................................................................
1971........................................................................................
1972........................................................................................
1973........................................................................................
1974........................................................................................
40.5
40.6
41.2
42.3
43.3
27.0
23.5
30.5
31.3
29.0
40.3
41.7
44.2
46.6
48.2
47.9
48.4
50.1
52.7
55.3
38.8
39.2
41.1
44.0
46.0
46.8
47.3
47.8
49.3
50.8
44.0
43.7
43.4
42.9
43.3
7.3
7.2
7.4
7.2
6.8
1975........................................................................................
1976........................................................... ............................
1977........................................................................................
1978........................................................................................
1979........................................................................................
44.3
45.3
46.4
47.9
49.1
32.7
31.1
30.1
36.5
39.3
49.5
50.3
50.7
50.9
54.7
57.0
57.3
58.6
60.4
60.8
48.4
50.5
52.8
55.5
57.1
52.0
53.9
55.7
57.8
60.0
43.8
44.3
44.6
45.4
46.2
7.0
7.0
7.1
7.1
7.5
1959........................................................................................
1960........................................................................................
1961........................................................................................
1962........................................................................................
1963........................................................................................
1964........................................................................................
47.4
48.0
46.5
44.8
44.2
44.2
21.0
20.9
20.2
19.3
19.0
19.8
57.1
58.6
58.4
57.4
56.6
54.9
75.5
77.2
75.9
74.1
73.7
74.0
82.9
83.4
84.1
82.3
81.9
84.2
82.3
82.9
81.7
80.8
80.6
79.6
77.8
79.8
76.7
76.6
76.8
76.7
22.3
24.3
23.0
18.5
19.3
21.7
1965........................................................................................
1966........................................................................................
1967........................................................................................
1968........................................................................................
1969........................................................................................
44.4
55.6
55.3
55.6
56.7
19.9
31.1
31.5
32.1
34.2
54.4
56.3
56.0
55.5
56.4
72.9
73.8
72.1
73.1
72.5
82.9
82.2
82.2
81.8
82.4
81.8
80.7
80.0
79.2
80.5
76.1
76.5
74.2
74.6
75.2
22.4
18.8
19.4
19.1
20.2
1970........................................................................................
1971........................................................................................
1972........................................................................................
1973........................................................................................
1974........................................................................................
56.8
56.3
57.5
58.6
59.5
35.3
34.9
37.0
39.6
40.9
57.3
56.3
58.6
60.0
61.3
73.0
72.3
72.6
72.9
73.1
81.4
81.5
82.5
80.8
81.3
78.6
78.1
74.8
76.2
77.2
73.0
72.6
70.6
69.1
69.2
19.7
17.8
17.2
16.5
13.3
1975........................................................................................
1976........................................................................................
1977........................................................................................
1978........................................................................................
1979........................................................................................
59.7
61.0
62.1
63.8
64.6
40.6
41.2
42.7
45.9
46.0
60.6
61.3
62.8
64.4
64.4
72.5
73.8
74.6
75.3
76.1
80.8
82.5
82.3
81.9
83.0
78.6
77.6
76.4
76.2
76.9
68.3
69.6
67.6
65.8
65.8
15.8
15.6
14.4
14.1
13.5
1959........................................................................................
1960........................................................................................
1961........................................................................................
1962........................................................................................
1963........................................................................................
1964........................................................................................
41.6
41.6
41.7
40.6
40.9
40.6
(3)
(3
)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
51.6
47.9
46.6
45.0
47.3
43.1
55.2
58.0
57.5
57.1
55.3
56.6
62.7
63.1
62.1
60.3
62.3
61.5
71.5
70.0
69.4
67.3
69.3
67.8
60.0
60.0
60.7
60.8
61.2
61.7
10.9
11.4
11.6
11.2
10.5
10.9
1965........................................................................................
1966........................................................................................
1967........................................................................................
1968........................................................................................
40.7
41.3
41.0
40.4
(3)
(3
)
(3)
(3
)
44.1
54.4
50.0
50.9
59.2
61.1
62.5
59.3
64.1
63.2
64.3
63.6
69.3
70.4
71.7
69.7
61.6
62.5
61.8
61.8
10.5
10.4
10.1
10.9
Marital status and year
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
O th e r 4— Continued
1975........................................................................................
1976.......................................................................................
1977........................................................................................
1978.......................................................................................
1979........................................................................................
F E M A LE S
Married, spouse present
Single
O th e r4
See footnotes at end of table.
17
Table 5. Civilian labor force participation rates1 by marital status, age, and sex,
1959- 79— Continued
Total,
16
years
and
over2
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
1969.......................................................................................
40.7
(3)
51.6
62.1
64.8
68.8
62.6
10.5
1970........................................................................................
1971........................................................................................
1972.......................................................................................
1973........................................................................................
1974........................................................................................
40.3
40.3
40.0
39.7
40.2
(3)
(3)
(3
)
27.8
(3)
52.1
47.1
49.5
50.0
48.1
60.3
59.2
59.7
63.0
65.6
64.6
62.8
64.1
65.9
69.1
68.8
69.3
69.3
69.5
68.9
61.9
62.2
60.6
60.3
59.9
10.0
9.9
9.7
9.0
8.5
1975.......................................................................................
1976.......................................................................................
1977.......................................................................................
1978.......................................................................................
1979.......................................................................................
40.1
40.5
41.5
42.9
43.2
(3)
(3
)
(3)
(3
)
(3
)
51.1
52.8
55.4
60.9
60.0
65.3
64.4
66.0
69.9
60.0
68.6
71.0
73.6
75.3
76.4
69.2
71.3
72.7
74.3
' 75.6
59.0
58.2
58.5
59.6
60.2
8.3
8.3
8.2
8.5
8.3
Marital status and year
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
O ther 4— C ontinued
than 50,000; for 1967 forward, percent not shown where base is
less than 35,000.
4 Refers to widowed, divorced, and married, spogse absent.
1See footnote 1, table 4.
2 Data for 1966 forward refer to persons 16 years and over; 14
years and over for prior years.
3 For years prior to 1967, percent not shown where base is less
18
Table 6. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, 1963-79
[Numbers in thousands]
Part time
Full time
Civilian
labor
force
Em
ployed
(volun
tary
part
time)
Unem
ployed,
looking
for
parttime
work
Unem
ployment
rate
Civilian
labor
force
Em
ployed
Unem
ployed,
looking
for full
time
work
1963..................................................................................
1964..................................................................................
64,012
64,823
60,507
61,645
3,505
3,178
5.5
4.9
7,822
8,257
7,254
7,661
568
596
7.3
7.2
1965..................................................................................
1966..................................................................................
1967..................................................................................
1968..................................................................................
1969..................................................................................
65,929
66,685
67,465
68,332
69,700
63,138
64,370
65,173
66,195
67,558
2,791
2,315
2,293
2,138
2,142
4.2
3.5
3.4
3.1
3.1
8,527
9,067
9,882
10,405
11,032
7,952
8,507
8,199
9,726
10,343
575
560
683
679
689
6.7
6.2
6.9
6.5
6.2
1970..................................................................................
1971..................................................................................
19721.................................................................................
19731.................................................................................
1974..................................................................................
71,019
72,078
74,028
75,862
77,807
67,819
68,130
70,259
72,571
73,866
3,201
3,949
3,769
3,291
3,941
4.5
5.5
5.1
4.3
5.1
11,696
12,034
12,513
12,852
13,204
10,808
10,990
11,443
11,839
12,070
887
1,044
1,071
1,013
1,134
7.6
8.7
8.6
7.9
8.6
1975..................................................................................
1976..................................................................................
1977..................................................................................
19781.................................................................................
197 9 ..................................................................................
79,096
80,831
82,950
85,530
87,741
72,659
74,957
77,517
80,824
83,102
6,437
5,874
5,432
4,706
4,639
8.1
7.3
6.5
5.5
5.3
13,517
13,942
14,451
14,890
15,167
12,124
12,528
13,028
13,549
13,843
1,393
1,414
1,423
1,341
1,325
10.3
10.1
9.8
9.0
8.7
1963..................................................................................
1964..................................................................................
42,608
42,925
40,748
41,316
1,860
1,609
4.4
3.7
1,616
1,679
1,503
1,570
112
109
6.9
6.5
1965..................................................................................
1966..................................................................................
196 7 ..................................................................................
1968..................................................................................
196 9 ..................................................................................
43,243
43,145
43,514
43,893
44,248
41,892
42,106
42,543
42,997
43,386
1,351
1,039
971
896
862
3.1
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.9
1,616
1,641
1,840
1,959
2,103
1,530
1,561
1,752
1,863
2,002
86
79
89
96
101
5.3
4.8
4.8
4.9
4.8
197 0 ..................................................................................
1971..................................................................................
19721..................................................................................
19731.................................................................................
1 974..................................................................................
44,932
45,526
46,382
47,103
47,886
43,433
43,604
44,624
45,658
46,136
1,500
1,922
1,758
1,446
1,750
3.3
4.2
3.8
3.1
3.7
2,257
2,334
2,425
2,436
2,477
2,120
2,171
2,255
2,288
2,309
137
164
170
148
169
6.1
7.0
7.0
6.1
6.8
1 975.................................................................................. 48,292
1 976.................................................................................. 48,959
1 977.................................................................................. 49,756
19781................................................................................. 50,746
1979................................................................................... 51,777
45,084
46,142
47,247
48,681
49,726
3,208
2,817
2,509
2,065
2,050
6.6
5.8
5.0
4.1
4.0
2,563
2,568
2,708
2,719
2,710
2,343
2,344
2,490
2,531
2,537
220
224
218
187
173
8.6
8.7
8.1
6.9
6.4
Year, sex, and age
Unem
ployment
rate
TO TAL
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over
1963..................................................................................
1 964...................................................................................
18,141
18,637
17,110
17,643
1,031
994
5.7
5.3
4,336
4,461
4,145
4,261
186
200
4.3
4.5
1 965..................................................................................
1966...................................................................................
1 967..................................................................................
1968............................................................................. .....
1969...................................................................................
19,138
19,648
20,293
20,778
21,674
18,260
18,908
19,453
20,014
20,874
878
740
840
765
801
4.6
3.8
4.1
3.7
3.7
4,550
4,778
5,181
5,488
5,738
4,371
4,599
4,944
5,268
5,524
179
179
238
220
214
3.9
3.7
4.6
4.0
3.7
1970...................................................................................
1971...................................................................................
19721..................................................................................
19731..................................................................................
1974.............................................. ,...................................
22,208
22,600
23,298
24,048
24,968
21,132
21,288
22,018
22,884
23,588
1,076
1,313
1,281
1,165
1,380
4.8
5.8
5.5
4.8
5.5
6,071
6,199
6,412
6,665
6,868
5,800
5,861
6,082
6,344
6,500
271
337
330
321
368
4.5
5.4
5.1
4.8
- 5.4
1975...................................................................................
1976...................................................................................
1977.................................................. ................................
19781..................................................................................
1979...................................................................................
25,975
26,989
28,128
29,577
30,806
23,795
24,921
26,125
27,794
29,064
2,180
2,068
2,003
1,782
1,742
8.4
7.7
7.1
6.0
5.7
6,984
7,287
7,557
7,839
8,105
6,515
6,809
7,074
7,385
7,634
469
479
484
454
471
6.7
6.6
6.4
5.8
5.8
See footnotes at end of table.
19
Table 6. Full- and part-time status of the civilian labor force by sex and age, 1963-79'
Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Full time
Part time
Em
ployed
Unem
ployed,
looking
for full
time
work
Unem
ployment
rate
Civilian
labor
force
Em
ployed
(volun
tary
part
time)
Unem
ployed,
looking
for
parttime
work
Unem
ployment
rate
3,262
3,260
2,648
2,686
614
574
18.8
17.6
1,876
2,117
1,606
1,830
270
287
14.4
13.6
1965..................................................................................
1966..................................................................................
1967..................................................................................
196 8 ..................................................................................
196 9..................................................................................
3,549
3,891
3,659
3,661
3,778
2,986
3,356
3,177
3,184
3,300
563
535
482
476
479
15.9
13.7
13.2
13.0
12.7
2,361
2,648
2,861
2,958
3,191
2,050
2,347
2,505
2,595
2,817
311
301
356
362
374
13.2
11.4
12.4
12.3
11.7
197 0 ..................................................................................
1971..................................................................................
1972*.................................................................................
19731..................................................................................
1974..................................................................................
3,879
3,952
4,348
4,710
4,954
3,253
3,237
3,617
4,030
4,142
625
714
731
681
812
16.1
18.1
16.8
14.5
16.4
3,367
3,501
3,676
3,751
3,859
2,888
2,958
3,105
3,207
3,261
480
543
571
545
598
14.2
15.5
15.5
14.5
15.5
1975..................................................................................
1976..................................................................................
1 9 7 7 ..................................................................................
19781.................................................................................
1 9 7 9 ..................................................................................
4,829
4,883
5,066
5,208
5,159
3,780
3,894
4,146
4,349
4,311
1,049
989
921
860
847
21.7
20.3
18.2
16.5
16.4
3,969
4,087
4,186
4,332
4,353
3,266
3,376
3,465
3,632
3,672
703
712
721
699
681
17.7
17.4
17.2
16.1
15.6
Year, sex, and age
Civilian
labor
force
1 963...................................................................................
1964...................................................................................
Both sexes, 16-19 years
1 See footnote 1, table 1.
are included in the full-time employed category; unemployed persons are a^
ocated by whether seeking full- or part-time work.
Note : Persons on part-time schedules for economic reasons
20
Table 7. Experienced civilian labor force1 by occupation and sex, 1958-79
[Percent distribution]
Sex and year
Number
(thou
sands)
Per
cent
Non
farm
labor
ers
Pri
vate
house
hold
work
ers
Serv
ice
work
ers,
except
private
house
hold
Farm
ers
and
farm
man
agers
Farm
laborers
and
supervi
sors
Operatives
All occupations
Profes
sional
and
techni
cal
workers
Manag
ers and
adminis
trators,
except
farm
Sales
work
ers
Cleri
cal
work
ers
Craft
and
kin
dred
work
ers
Total
Ex
cept
trans
port
Trans
port
equip
ment
BOTH S E X E S
1958...................
1959...................
68,213
68,952
100.0
100.0
10.4
10.5
10.1
10.2
6.4
6.6
14.0
14.0
13.3
13.1
18.8
18.6
_
—
—
—
6.2
6.2
3.4
3.3
8.9
9.1
4.5
4.4
3.9
3.9
1960...................
1961..................
1962...................
1963...................
1964...................
70,156
71,018
71,315
72,360
73,614
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
10.8
11.1
11.5
11.6
11.8
10.2
10.2
10.5
10.2
10.3
6.5
6.6
6.4
6.3
6.3
14.5
14.6
14.8
14.8
15.0
12.9
13.0
12.8
13.0
12.7
18.6
18.3
18.3
18.7
18.8
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
6.0
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.5
3.3
3.5
3.5
3.4
3.3
9.3
9.6
9.7
9.9
10.0
4.0
3.8
3.6
3.3
3.2
3.9
3.7
3.3
3.2
3.1
1965...................
19662..................
1967...................
1968...................
1969...................
75,024
75,299
76,919
78,329
80,319
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
12.0
12.5
13.0
13.3
13.6
9.9
9.9
9.8
10.0
10.0
6.5
6.2
6.1
6.1
6.0
15.4
16.1
16.6
16.8
17.2
12.7
13.1
13.1
13.1
13.0
18.9
19.2
19.0
18.6
18.7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
5.6
5.1
5.0
4.9
4.9
3.1
2.6
2.4
2.3
2.1
10.0
10.2
10.3
10.2
10.3
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.5
2.3
2.8
2.2
2.2
2.1
1.9
1970...................
1971...................
1972...................
1973..................
1974...................
82,210
83,483
85,866
88,069
90,335
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.8
13.7
13.7
13.7
14.0
10.2
10.6
9.5
10.0
10.1
6.1
6.3
6.5
6.4
6.3
17.4
16.9
17.4
17.2
17.5
12.8
12.8
13.2
13.3
13.3
18.2
17.0
17.0
17.2
16.7
_
—
13.0
13.3
12.8
_
—
3.9
3.9
3.8
5.0
5.4
5.5
5.3
5.4
2.0
1.9
1.7
1.6
1.4
10.5
11.8
11.9
11.8
12.0
2.1
2.0
2.0
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.6
1975...................
1976..................
1977..................
1978...................
1979...................
91,796
93,888
96,461
99,552
102,111
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
14.4
14.7
14.6
14.7
15.1
10.0
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
6.3
6.2
6.2
6.2
6.3
17.6
17.7
17.7
17.8
18.1
13.0
12.9
13.1
13.0
13.2
16.1
15.8
15.7
15.6
15.4
12.3
12.0
11.9
11.9
11.7
3.8
3.8
3.9
3.8
3.7
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.3
5.1
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.1
12.5
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.4
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.6
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.3
1958...................
1959..................
45,951
46,315
100.0
100.0
9.8
10.1
12.7
12.8
5.8
6.0
6.7
6.7
19.2
19.0
20.0
19.9
—
—
—
—
9.0
9.0
.1
.1
6.4
6.4
6.5
6.3
3.8
3.8
1960..................
1961..................
1962..................
1963..................
1964..................
46,765
47,065
47,098
47,539
48,096
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
10.4
10.7
11.2
11.4
11.5
12.9
13.0
13.5
13.2
13.4
5.9
6.0
5.8
5.7
5.8
7.0
6.9
6.9
6.8
6.9
18.8
19.1
18.9
19.2
19.0
19.9
19.6
19.7
20.2
20.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
8.7
8.4
8.4
8.3
8.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
6.5
6.7
6.8
7.0
7.1
5.7
5.5
5.2
4.8
4.6
3.9
3.8
3.4
3.3
3.2
1965...................
19662..................
1967...................
1968..................
1969...................
48,705
48,266
48,805
49,372
50,050
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
11.6
12.2
12.8
13.2
13.6
12.9
13.0
13.0
13.3
13.5
6.0
5.6
5.5
5.6)
5.4
6.9
7.1
7.1
7.1
7.0
19.0
19.9
20.1
20.1
20.1
20.7
21.0
20.6
20.3
20.4
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
8.4
7.7
7.6
7.5
7.5
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
7.0
7.1
7.0
6.9
6.7
4.4
4.1
3.8
3.7
3.5
2.9
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.0
1970...................
1971...................
1972...................
1973...................
1974...................
50,969
51,731
52,958
53,903
54,896
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.7
13.4
13.4
13.3
13.6
13.8
14.1
12.7
13.2
13.5
5.6
5.8
6.1
6.0
5.9
7.1
6.7
6.8
6.5
6.4
20.0
19.9
20.6
20.8
20.9
20.0
18.7
18.9
19.0
18.6
_
—
12.8
13.0
12.6
—
—
6.1
6.1
6.0
'7 .8
8.2
8.3
8.1
8.2
.1
.1
.1
(3)
.1
6.7
8.2
8.2
8.0
8.1
3.3
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.8
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
2.0
1975...................
1976...................
1977...................
1978...................
1979...................
55,242
55,939
57,014
58,157
59,175
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.9
14.2
14.1
14.3
14.7
13.3
13.5
13.5
13.5
13.6
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.8
5.9
6.4
6.3
6.3
6.2
6.1
20.6
20.6
20.9
21.1
21.5
18.3
18.0
18.0
18.1
17.8
12.3
12.1
11.9
12.1
11.9
6.0
5.9
6.1
5.9
5.9
8.1
8.1
8.1
8.2
7.8
(3)
.1
.1
.1
(3)
8.6
9.0
8.9
8.8
8.7
2.7
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.2
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.6
1958...................
1959...................
22,261
22,637
100.0
100.0
11.7
11.5
4.7
4.8
7.5
7.8
29.1
29.1
1.1
1.0
16.5
16.0
.5
.5
10.2
10.0
13.9
14.5
.6
.5
4.2
4.2
1960...................
1961...................
1962...................
1963...................
1964...................
23,391
23,953
24,219
24,821
25,517
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
11.8
11.7
12.0
12.1
12.4
4.8
4.8
4.8
4.6
4.4
7.6
7.6
7.4
7.3
7.2
29.5
29.5
30.0
30.0
30.4
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
15.9
15.8
15.4
15.8
15.8
.4
.4
.4
.4
.4
9.8
10.0
9.9
9.6
9.3
14.8
15.3
15.3
15.6
15.6
.5
.5
.5
.5
.5
3.9
3.4
3.1
3.1
2.8
1965...................
19662..................
26,319
27,033
100.0
100.0
12.7
13.1
4.3
4.4
7.5
7.2
31.0
32.3
1.1
1.0
15.6
16.1
.5
.5
8.7
7.2
15.5
15.7
.5
.5
2.6
2.1
Males
Females
See footnotes at end of table.
21
—
—
—
—
___
___
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
___
___
—
—
Table 7. Experienced civilian labor force1 by occupation and sex, 1958-79—Continued
[Percent distribution]
Operatives
All occupations
Sex and year
Number
(thou
sands)
Per
cent
Profes
sional
and
techni
cal
workers
Manag
ers and
adminis
trators,
except
farm
Sales
work
ers
Cleri
cal
work
ers
Craft
and
kin
dred
work
ers
Total
Ex
cept
trans
port
Trans
port
equip
ment
Non
farm
labor
ers
Pri
vate
house
hold
work
ers
Serv
ice
work
ers,
except
private
house
hold
Farm
ers
and
farm
man
agers
Farm
laborers
and
supervi
sors
0.5
.5
.5
6.4
6.1
5.5
15.9
15.9
16.2
0.4
.3
.3
1.9
1.8
1.7
5.1
4.8
4.4
4.1
3.5
16.7
17.6
17.8
17.7
18.0
.3
.3
.3
.3
.3
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.1
3.3
3.1
3.0
2.9
2.6
18.4
18.3
18.3
18.2
17.5
.3
.2
.2
.3
.3
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.0
.9
Fem ales—
Continued
1967...................
1968..................
1969...................
28,114
28,957
30,269
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.4
13.6
13.5
4.3
4.4
4.2
7.1
6.9
7.0
32.9
33.5
34.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
16.1
15.8
15.9
1970..................
1971...................
1972...................
1973...................
1974...................
31,240
31,752
32,908
34,166
35,440
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
14.1
14.1
14.1
14.2
14.5
4.3
4.8
4.4
4.8
4.8
7.1
7.2
7.2
6.9
6.8
34.2
33.6
34.5
34.1
34.7
1.1
1.3
1.2
1.4
1.5
15.2
14.1
13.8
14.2
13.6
13.4
13.7
13.1
.4
.5
.5
.5
.9
.9
1.0
1.1
1975..................
1976...................
1977...................
1978...................
1979...................
36,553
37,949
39,446
41,395
42,936
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
15.0
15.4
15.4
15.2
15.7
5.0
5.4
5.7
5.9
6.2
6.9
6.7
6.7
6.8
6.8
34.6
34.5
34.3
42.3
34.6
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.8
1.8
12.9
12.6
12.4
12.3
12.1
12.3
12.0
11.8
11.6
11.3
.5
.6
.6
.7
.7
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.4
1 Includes the employed, classified according to theircurrent job, and the
unemployed, classified according to their latest civilian job;excludes unemployed persons who never worked before.
2 See footnote 2, table 5.
3 Less than 0.05 percent.
Note : Beginning 1971, occupational data are not strictly comparable with
22
—
—
—
—
_
_
—
—
statistics for earlier years as a result of changes in the occupational classification system for the 1970 Census of Population that were introduced into
the Current Population Survey (CPS) in Jan. 1971. Moreover, 1972 data are
not completely comparable with 1971 because of the addition of a question
to the C P S in Dec. 1971 relating to major activities and duties. For a further
explanation, see the Technical Note on the Current Population Survey.
Table 8. Employment status of persons 16 to 19 years old and adults by race, 1954-79
[Numbers in thousands]
Black and other
White
Employment status and year
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 to
19
years,
both
sexes
20 years and
over
Males
Fe
males
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 to
19
years,
both
sexes
20 years and
over
Males
Fe
males
CIVILIAN LA B O R FO R C E
1954........................................................................................
1955........................................................................................
1956........................................................................................
1957........................................................................................
1958........................................................................................
1959............................................................. :.........................
56,817
58,082
59,427
59,741
60,293
60,953
3,501
3,597
3,771
3,774
3,759
4,000
37,770
38,143
38,620
38,714
38,964
39,118
15,543
16,346
17,035
17,253
17,572
17,834
6,824
6,942
7,127
7,188
7,347
7,418
474
495
527
503
504
491
3,898
3,966
4,038
4,066
4,130
1,171
2,453
. 2,480
2,563
2,619
2,713
2,755
I9 6 0 1......................................................................................
1961...... .................................................................................
19621......................................................................................
1963........................................................................................
1964........................................................................................
61,913
62,654
62,750
63,830
64,921
4,276
4,361
4,354
4,558
4,784
39,310
39,547
39,499
39,841
40,177
18,330
18,747
18,897
19,430
19,960
7,714
7,802
7,863
8,004
8,169
566
572
561
579
606
4,293
4,313
4,332
4,381
4,427
2,855
2,918
2,970
3,042
3,138
1965........................................................................................
1966....................................................................:...................
1967........................................................................................
1968........................................................................................
1969........................................................................................
66,136
67,274
68,699
69,977
71,779
5,265
5,828
5,748
5,839
6,168
40,401
40,318
40,851
41,318
41,772
20,468
21,128
22,100
22,821
23,839
8,319
8,496
8,648
8,760
8,954
644
729
771
779
801
4,456
4,468
4,502
4,535
4,579
3,218
3,299
3,375
3,446
3,574
1970................................................................................... ....
1971........................................................................................
19721......................................................................................
19731............................... .....................................................
1974........................................................................................
73,520
74,790
76,958
78,689
80,678
6,440
6,672
7,175
7,552
7,867
42,464
43,088
43,961
44,490
45,195
2 4 ,616'
25,030
25,822
28,647
27,616
9,198
9,322
9,584
10,025
10,334
808
781
849
909
946
4,726
4,773
4,847
5,049
5,168
3,664
3,769
3,888
4,066
4,220
1975........................................................................................
1976........................................................................................
1977........................................................................................
19781......................................................................................
1979........................................................................................
82,084
83,876
86,107
88,456
90,602
7,858
8,039
8,295
8,490
8,475
45,617
46,178
46,960
47,733
48,583
28,609
29,659
30,853
32,233
33,545
10,529
10,897
11,294
11,964
12,306
940
931
957
1,050
1,036
5,238
5,349
5,504
5,731
5,904
4,351
4,617
4,832
5,182
5,366
1954........................................................................................
1955........................................................................................
1956........................................................................................
1957........................................................................................
1 9 5 8 ............................................ :..........................................
1959........................ >
..............................................................
53,957
55,834
57,265
57,452
56,614
58,005
3,079
3,226
3,387
3,373
3,217
3,475
36,123
36,896
37,474
37,479
36,808
37,533
14,755
15,712
16,404
16,600
16,589
16,998
6,150
6,341
6,535
6,619
6,422
6,624
396
417
431
407
366
363
3,511
3,632
3,742
3,760
3,604
3,734
2,244
2,290
2,362
2,452
2,454
2,527
I9 6 0 1......................................................................................
1961........................................................................................
19621......................................................................................
1963......... ..............................................................................
1964........................................................................................
58,850
58,912
59,698
60,622
61,922
3,701
3,692
3,774
3,850
4,076
37,663
37,533
37,918
38,272
38,798
17,487
17,687
18,006
18,499
19,048
6,927
6,832
7,004
7,140
7,383
428
414
420
403
441
3,880
3,809
3,897
3,979
4,088
2,618
2,610
2,686
2,757
2,855
1965....................................... .................................................
1966........................................................................................
1967........................................................................................
1968........................................................................................
1969........................................................................................
63,445
65,019
66,361
67,751
69,518
4,562
5,176
5,113
5,195
5,508
39,232
39,417
39,985
40,503
40,978
19,652
20,426
21,263
22,052
23,032
7,643
7,875
8,011
8,169
8,384
475
544
569
585
609
4,190
4,249
4,309
4,356
4,410
2,979
3,082
3,134
3,229
3,365
1970........................................................................................
1971........................................................................................
19721......................................................................................
19731......................................................................................
1974........................................................................................
70,183
70,716
73,074
75,278
76,620
5,569
5,662
6,158
6,602
6,768
41,093
41,347
42,362
43,183
43,630
23,521
23,707
24,554
25,494
26,222
8,446
8,403
8,628
9,131
9,316
573
533
564
634
635
4,461
4,428
4,518
4,762
4,815
3,412
3,442
3,546
3,734
3,866
1975........................................................................................
1976........................................................................................
1977........................................................................................
19781......................................................................................
1979........................................................................................
75,713
78,021
80,734
83,836
86,025
6,452
6,683
7,020
7,312
7,295
42,801
43,704
44,784
45,977
46,854
26,459
27,634
28,930
30,547
31,876
9,070
9,464
9,812
10,537
10,920
594
586
590
669
689
4,626
4,782
4,953
5,236
5,409
3,851
4,096
4,268
4,632
4,822
2,860
2,248
2,162
2,289
3,679
2,947
422
371
384
401
542
525
1,647
1,247
1,146
1,236
2,156
1,585
788
634
631
657
983
836
674
601
592
569
925
794
78
78
96
96
138
128
387
334
296
306
526
437
209
190
201
165
259
228
EM PLO YED
U NEM PLOYED
1954........................................................................................
1955........................................................................................
1956........................................................................................
1957........................................................................................
1958........................................................................................
1959........................................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
23
Table 8. Employment status of persons 16 to 19 years old and adults by race, 1954-79'
Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Black and other
White
Employment status and year
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 to
19
years,
both
sexes
20 years and
over
Males
Fe
males
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 to
19
years,
both
sexes
20 years and
over
Males
Fe
males
UN EM PLO YED — Continued
1960........................................................................................
1961........................................................................................
1962........................................................................................
1963........................................................................................
1964........................................................................................
3,063
3,742
3,052
3,208
2,999
575
669
580
708
708
1,647
2,014
1,581
1,569
1,379
843
1,060
891
931
912
787
970
859
864
786
138
158
141
176
165
413
504
435
402
339
237
308
284
285
283
1965........................................................................................
1966........................................................................................
1967........................................................................................
1968........................................................................................
1969........................................................................................
2,691
2,253
2,338
2,226
2,261
703
651
635
644
660
1,169
901
866
814
794
817
703
837
768
806
676
621
638
590
570
169
185
204
195
193
267
219
193
179
168
239
217
241
217
209
1970........................................................................................
1971........................................................................................
1972........................................................................................
1973........................................................................................
1974........................................................................................
3,337
4,074
3,884
3,411
4,057
871
1,010
1,017
950
1,099
1,371
1,741
1,599
1,307
1,565
1,095
1,324
1,268
1,153
1,394
752
919
956
894
1,018
235
248
284
275
311
265
345
329
287
353
252
326
342
332
354
1975........................................................................................
1976........................................................................................
1977........................................................................................
1978........................................................................................
1979........................................................................................
6,371
5,855
5,373
4,620
4,577
1,406
1,356
1,275
1,178
1,181
2,816
2,474
2,176
1,757
1,728
2,149
2,025
1,922
1,686
1,669
1,459
1,433
1,482
1,427
1,386
347
345
367
381
347
612
566
551
495
495
500
521
564
550
544
1954........................................................................................
1955........................................................................................
1956........................................................................................
1957........................................................................................
1958........................................................................................
1959........................................................................................
5.0
3.9
3.6
3.8
6.1
4.8
12.1
10.3
10.2
10.6
14.4
13.1
4.4
3.3
3.0
3.2
5.5
4.1
5.1
3.9
3.7
3.8
5.6
4.7
9.9
8.7
8.3
7.9
12.6
10.7
16.5
15.8
18.2
19.1
27.4
26.1
9.9
8.4
7.3
7.5
12.7
10.5
8.5
7.7
7.8
6.3
9.5
8.3
1960........................................................................................
1961........................................................................................
1962........................................................................................
1963........................................................................................
1964........................................................................................
4.9
6.0
4.9
5.0
4.6
13.4
15.3
13.3
15.5
14.8
4.2
5.1
4.0
3.9
3.4
4.6
5.7
4.1
4.8
4.6
10.2
12.4
10.9
10.8
9.6
24.4
27.6
25.1
30.4
27.2
9.6
11.7
10.0
9.2
7.7
8.3
10.6
9.6
9.4
9.0
1965........................................................................................
1966........................................................................................
1967........................................................................................
1968........................................................................................
1969........................................................................................
4.1
3.3
3.4
3.2
3.1
13.4
11.2
11.0
11.0
10.7
2.9
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.9
4.0
3.3
3.8
3.4
3.4
8.1
7.3
7.4
6.7
6.4
26.2
25.4
26.5
25.0
24.0
6.0
4.9
4.3
3.9
3.7
7.4
6.6
7.1
6.3
5.8
1970........................................................................................
1971........................................................................................
1972........................................................................................
1973........................................................................................
1974........................................................................................
4.5
5.4
5.0
4.3
5.0
13.5
15.1
14.2
12.6
14.0
3.2
4.0
3.6
2.9
3.5
4.4
5.3
4.9
4.3
5.0
8.2
9.9
10.0
8.9
9.9
29.1
31.7
33.5
30.2
32.9
5.6
7.2
6.8
5.7
6.8
6.9
8.7
8.8
8.2
8.4
1975........................................................................................
1976........................................................................................
1977...................................................................................... .
1978........................................................................................
1979........................................................................................
7.8
7.0
6.2
5.2
5.1
17.9
16.9
15.4
13.9
13.9
6.2
5.4
4.6
3.7
3.6
7.5
6.8
6.2
5.2
5.0
13.9
13.1
13.1
11.9
11.3
36.9
37.1
38.3
36.3
33.5
11.7
10.6
10.0
8.6
8.4
11.5
11.3
11.7
10.6
10.1
UNEM PLOYM EN T R A T E
1 See footnote 1, table 1.
24
Table 9. Employment status of persons 16 to 21 years old by race and major activity,
1963-79
[Numbers in thousands]
Not in school
In school
Civilian
labor
force
Em
ployed
Unem
ployed
Unem
ployment
rate
Not in
the
labor
force
Civilian
labor
force
Em
ployed
Unem
ployed
Unem
ployment
rate
Not in
the
labor
force
WHITE
1963...................................................
1964...................................................
1,727
1,948
1,460
1,647
267
301
15.5
15.5
4,447
4,808
5,608
5,776
4,910
5,105
698
671
12.4
11.6
2,520
2,641
1965...................................................
1966...................................................
1967...................................................
1968...................................................
1969...................................................
2,169
2,341
2,517
2,656
2,703
1,862
2,057
2,263
2,382
2,416
307
284
254
274
286
14.2
12.1
10.1
10.3
10.6
5,091
5,097
5,199
5,338
5,299
5,921
6,132
6,415
6,586
6,815
5,306
5,604
5,823
5,989
6,233
615
528
593
597
582
10.4
8.6
9.2
9.1
8.5
2,573
2,562
2,488
2,603
2,537
1970...................................................
1971...................................................
19721.................................................
19731.................................................
1974...,...............................................
2,597
2,437
2,637
2,699
2,757
2,223
1,993
2,193
2,292
2,297
375
444
444
407
460
14.4
18.2
16.8
15.1
16.7
5,227
5,464
5,292
5,094
4,970
7,283
7,875
8,610
9,147
9,732
6,492
6,930
7,640
8,273
8,667
791
945
970
874
1,065
10.9
12.0
11.3
9.6
10.9
2,642
2,595
2,689
2,650
2,647
1975...................................................
1976...................................................
1977...................................................
19781..................... ...........................
1979...................................................
2,945
3,016
3,021
3,215
3,086
2,377
2,448
2,478
2,703
2,594
569
568
543
512
491
19.3
18,8
18.0
15.9
15.9
5,229
5,147
4,982
4,811
4,699
9,627
9,890
10,308
10,467
10,626
8,131
8,531
9,051
9,326
9,478
1,496
1,359
1,256
1,140
1,148
15.5
13.7
12.2
10.9
10.8
2,611
2,559
2,460
2,340
2,351
B L A C K A N D O TH ER
1963...................................................
1964...................................................
145
159
102
117
43
42
29.7
26.4
584
643
814
852
604
653
210
199
25.8
23.4
432
456
1965...................................................
1966...................................................
1967...................................................
1968...................................................
1969...................................................
193
232
242
234
243
137
179
176
171
185
56
53
67
63
58
29.0
22.8
27.7
26.9
24.0
720
758
812
840
883
876
905
987
1,052
1,076
703
718
783
853
876
173
187
205
199
200
19.7
20.7
20.8
18.9
18.6
454
445
447
482
495
1970...................................................
1971...................................................
19721.................................................
19731.................................................
1974...................................................
242
226
234
245
278
164
141
135
157
175
77
85
99
88
102
32.0
37.7
42.2
35.9
36.8
943
1,066
1,103
1,088
1,108
1,095
1,092
1,208
1,280
1,313
843
816
903
990
962
252
275
305
290
351
23.0
25.2
25.2
22.7
26.7
541
555
552
610
645
1975...................................................
1976...................................................
1977...................................................
19781.................................................
1979...................................................
282
285
331
370
342
174
165
193
214
212
108
120
139
156
130
38.2
42.0
41.8
42.1
38.0
1,203
1,280
1,307
1,239
1,226
1,303
1,342
1,334
1,433
1,454
895
942
911
1,018
1,064
408
400
423
415
390
31.3
29.8
31.7
29.0
26.8
675
673
666
647
696
Race and year
1See footnote 1, table 1.
25
Table 10. Employment status of persons 16 to 24 years old, 1947-79
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment
status and
year
Total, 16
to 24
years
16 to 19 years
Total
16 and
17 years
18 and
19 years
20 to 24
years
CIVILIAN LA B O R
Employment
status and
year
Total, 16
to 24
years
16 to 19 years
Total
16 and
17 years
18 and
19 years
20 to 24
years
EM PLO YED Continued
FO R C E
1947....................
1948....................
1949....................
11,668
11,828
11,629
4,323
4,435
4,289
1,750
1,780
1,704
2,573
2,655
2,585
7,345
7,393
7,340
1970..................
1971...................
19721..................
15,851
16,339
17,616
6,141
6,195
6,722
2,596
2,587
2,770
3,545
3,608
3,952
9,710
10,144
10,894
1950....................
1951....................
1952....................
19531...................
1954....................
11,523
10,699
9,903
9,509
9,452
4,216
4,105
4,063
4,026
3,976
1,659
1,743
1,807
1,726
1,643
2,557
2,362
2,256
2,300
2,333
7,307
6,594
5,840
5,483
5,476
1955.....................
1956.....................
1957.....................
1958.....................
1959.....................
9,759
10,236
10,344
10,531
10,905
4,093
4,296
4,276
4,260
4,492
1,711
1,877
1,843
1,818
1,971
2,382
2,419
2,433
2,442
2,521
5,666
5,940
6,068
6,271
6,413
19731.................
1974..................
1975.................
1976.................
1977..................
19781.................
1979.................
18,923
19,305
18,684
19,545
20,465
21,479
21,875
7,236
7,403
7,046
7,269
7,610
7,981
7,984
3,008
3,079
2,902
2,926
3,084
3,269
3,271
4,228
4,324
4,145
4,343
4,526
4,712
4,713
11,687
11,902
11,638
12,276
12,855
13,498
13,891
I9 6 0 1....................
1961.....................
19621....................
1963.....................
1964.....................
11,543
11,888
11,997
12,611
13,353
4,840
4,935
4,915
5,138
5,390
2,093
1,984
1,918
2,171
2,449
2,747
2,951
2,997
2,967
2,941
6,703
6,953
7,082
7,473
7,963
1947.................
1948.................
1949.................
930
863
1,255
414
407
575
177
178
238
237
229
337
516
456
680
14,168
14,966
15,529
15,923
16,849
2,485
2,664
2,734
2,817
3,009
3,425
3,893
3,786
3,802
3,960
8,258
8,409
9,010
9,305
9,879
1,074
609
613
563
1,005
513
336
345
307
501
226
168
180
150
221
287
168
165
157
280
561
273
268
256
504
1965.....................
1966.....................
1967.....................
1968.....................
1969.....................
5,910
6,557
6,519
6,618
6,970
1950.................
1951.................
1952.................
1953.................
1954.................
1955.................
1956.................
1957.................
1958.................
1959.................
846
873
925
1,379
1,197
450
478
496
678
654
211
231
230
299
301
239
247
266
379
353
396
395
429
701
543
1970.....................
1971.....................
19721....................
19731....................
1974.....................
17,829
18,718
20,034
21,132
21,898
7,246
7,453
8,024
8,461
8,813
3,132
3,181
3,398
3,636
3,772
4,114
4,272
4,626
4,825
5,041
10,583
11,265
12,010
12,671
13,085
1960.................
1961.................
1962.................
1963.................
1964.................
1,294
1,550
1,356
1,541
1,532
711
828
720
883
872
324
363
311
420
435
387
465
409
463
437
583
722
636
658
660
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
19781.....................
1979.......... ...........
22,266
22,916
23,685
24,463
24,780
8,799
8,970
9,252
9,540
9,512
3,691
3,709
3,852
4,050
3,993
5,108
5,261
5,400
5,490
5,519
13,467
13,946
14,433
14,923
15,268
1965.................
1966................
1967.................
1968.................
1969................
1,431
1,281
1,350
1,382
1,413
874
836
838
839
853
411
395
401
413
436
463
441
438
425
417
557
445
512
543
560
1947...................... 10,738
1948...................... 10,965
1949...................... 10,371
3,909
4,028
3,712
1,573
1,602
1,466
2,336
2,426
2,246
6,829
6,937
6,659
1950...................... 10,449
1951...................... 10,088
1952...................... 9,289
19531..................... 8,945
1954...................... 8,446
3,703
3,767
3,718
3,719
3,475
1,433
1,575
1,626
1,577
1,422
2,270
2,192
2,092
2,142
2,053
6,746
6,321
£.571
5,226
4,971
1970................
1971................
1972.................
1973................
1974................
1,969
2,378
2,418
2,210
2,592
1,105
1,257
1,302
1,225
1,410
536
594
628
628
692
569
663
674
597
717
864
1,121
1,116
985
1,182
3,643
3,818
3,780
3,582
3,838
1,500
1,647
1,613
1,519
1,670
2,143
2,171
2,167
2,063
2,168
5,271
5,546
5,638
5,570
5,870
3,580
3,371
3,220
2,984
2,905
1,752
1,701
1,642
1,559
1,528
789
784
768
781
722
1955......................
1956......................
1957......................
1958......................
1959......................
8,914
9,364
9,418
9,152
9,708
1975.................
1976.................
1977................
1978................
1979................
963
917
874
778
806
1,828
1,670
1,578
1,425
1,377
I9 6 0 1.....................
1961......................
19621.....................
1963......................
1964......................
10,249
10,338
10,641
11,070
11,820
4,129
4,107
4,195
4,255
4,516
1,769
1,621
1,607
1,751
2,013
2,360
2,486
2,588
2,504
2,503
6,120.
6,231
6,446
6,815
7,304
1947...............
1948...............
1949...............
8.0
7.3
10.8
9.6
9.2
13.4
10.1
10.0
14.0
9.2
8.6
13.0
7.0
6.2
9.3
1965...................... . 12,738
1966...................... . 13,684
1967...................... . 14,181
1968...................... . 14,542
1969...................... . 15,436
5,036
5,721
5,682
5,780
6,117
2,074
2,269
2,333
2,403
2,573
2,962
3,452
3,349
3,377
3,543
7,702
7,963
8,499
8,762
9,319
1950...............
1951...............
1952...............
1953...............
1954...............
9.3
5.7
6.2
5.9
10.6
12.2
8.2
8.5
7.6
12.6
13.6
9.6
10.0
8.7
13.5
11.2
7.1
7.3
6.8
12.0
7.7
4.1
4.6
4.7
9.2
1955...............
1956................
1957................
8.7
8.5
9.0
11.0
12.3
12.3
12.5
10.0
10.2
10.9
6.6
EM PLO YED
See footnotes at end of table.
26
UNEM PLOYED
UN EM PLO Y
MENT R A T E -
11.1
11.6
7.0
7.1
Table 10. Employment status of persons 16 to 24 years old, 1947-79—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment
status and
year
Total, 16
to 24
years
16 to 19 years
Total
16 and
17 years
18 and
19 years
20 to 24
years
UNEM PLOYM ENT R A T E —
Continued
Total. 16
to 24
years
16 to 19 years
Total
16 and
17 years
18 and
19 years
20 to 24
years
U N EM PLO Y
MENT R A T E Continued
1958 ..........................................
1959....................
196 0 ....................
1961....................
1962....................
1963.....................
1964.....................
13.1
11.0
11.2
13.0
11.3
12.2
11.5
15.9
14.6
14.7
16.8
14.6
17.2
16.2
16.4
15.3
15.5
18.3
16.2
19.3
17JB
15.5
14.0
14.1
15.8
13.6
15.6
14.9
11.2
8.5
8.7
10.4
9.0
8.8
8.3
1965.....................
1966.....................
1967.....................
1968.....................
10.1
8.6
8.7
8.7
14.8
12.7
12.9
12.7
16.5
14.8
14.7
14.7
13.5
11.3
11.6
11.2
6.7
5.3
5.7
5.8
See footnote 1, table 1.
Employment
status and
year
27
1969
1970
1971
1972
1£ .£
15.3
16.9
16.2
14.5
16.0
4A C
1 4 .0
1979
1974
84
11.0
12.7
12.1
10.5
11.8
17.1
18.7
18.5
17.3
18.4
m a
1u.o
13.8
15.5
14.6
12.4
14.2
1975......... ......
1976
1977
1978 .
1979................
16.1
14.7
13.6
12.2
11.7
19.9
19.0
17.7
16.3
16.1
21.4
21.1
19.9
19.3
18.1
18.9
17.4
16.2
14.2
14.6
C 7
f
O.
8.2
9.9
9.3
7.8
9.0
13.6
12.0
10.9
9.5
9.0
Table 11. Employment status of the black and Hispanic-origin population by sex and age, 1975-79
[Numbers in thousands]
Hispanic origin2
Black1
Employment status, sex, and age
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Civilian noninstitutional population........................................
15,541
15,945
16,314
16,640
17,026
6,689
6,704
7,122
7,639
7,901
Civilian labor fo rce..........................................................
Percent of population.......................................
Employed.................................................................
Agriculture.........................................................
Nonagricultural industries................................
Unem ployed................... ........................................
Unemployment rate..........................................
Not in labor force............................................................
9,123
58.7
7,782
240
7,541
1,341
14.7
6,418
9,393
58.9
8,093
226
7,867
1,301
13.8
6,552
9,738
59.7
8,384
212
8,172
1,355
13.9
6,576
10,211
61.4
8,925
245
8,680
1,286
12.6
6,430
10,430
61.3
9,160
241
8,919
1,269
12.2
6,596
4,058
60.7
3,561
195
3,366
497
12.2
2,632
4,070
60.7
3,598
191
3,407
472
11.6
2,634
4,379
61.5
3,938
215
3,723
441
10.1
2,743
4,801
62.8
4,366
221
4,145
435
9.1
2,838
5,019
63.5
4,604
221
4,384
415
8.3
2,883
Civilian noninstitutional population........................................
5,954
6,101
6,253
6,397
6,563
2,664
2,672
2,876
3,107
3,226
Civilian labor fo rce ..........................................................
Percent of population.......................................
Employed.................................................................
Agriculture.........................................................
Nonagricultural industries.................................
Unem ployed............................................................
Unemployment rate..........................................
Not in labor fo rce...........................................................
4,514
75.8
3,955
178
3,777
559
12.4
1,440
4,582
75.1
4,068
173
3,895
514
11.2
1,519
4,710
75.3
4,214
158
4,056
496
10.5
1,543
4,856
75.9
4,415
196
4,217
443
9.1
1,541
4,981
75.9
4,529
187
4,343
452
9.1
1,580
2,278
85.5
2,057
150
1,907
220
9.7
386
2,248
84.1
2,037
136
*1,902
211
9.4
424
2,439
84.8
2,252
152
2,100
‘ 187
7.7
437
2,639
84.9
2,473
167
2,306
166
6.3
468
2,753
85.3
2,595
170
2,425
158
5.7
473
Civilian noninstitutional population........................................
7,427
7,618
7,832
8,022
8,242
3,083
3,102
3,248
3,486
3,614
Civilian labor fo rc e ..........................................................
Percent of population.......................................
Employed.................................................................
Agriculture.........................................................
Nonagricultural industries.................................
Unemployed................................................... :........
Unemployment rate..........................................
Not in labor force...........................................................
3,786
51.0
3,328
30
3,299
458
12.1
3,641
3,992
52.4
3,528
29
3,499
464
11.6
3,626
4,188
53.5
3,675
33
3,642
513
12.2
3,644
4,447
55.4
3,953
28
3,926
493
11.1
3,575
4,562
55.4
4,068
34
4,033
494
10.8
3,681
1,345
43.6
1,189
19
1,171
156
11.6
1,738
1,386
44.7
1,228
29
1,199
158
11.4
1,716
1,460
45.0
1,315
34
1,281
145
9.9
1,788
1,643
47.1
1,481
31
1,450
162
9.8
1,843
1,731
47.9
1,576
28
1,549
154
8.9
1,883
2,160
2,227
2,230
2,221
2,221
943
930
998
1,046
1,061
820
36.8
497
24
473
323
39.3
1,407
841
37.7
495
21
474
346
41.1
1,389
907
40.8
557
20
537
351
38.6
1,314
886
39.9
563
19
543
323
36.5
1,335
435
46.1
315
26
289
121
27.7
508
436
46.9
333
26
306
104
23.8
494
481
48.2
371
30
341
110
22.8
518
519
49.6
412
23
389
107
20.6
527
535
50.4
433
23
410
102
19.1
527
TOTAL
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population........................................
Civilian labor fo rce ..........................................................
Percent of population.......................................
Employed.................................................................
Agriculture.........................................................
Nonagricultural industries................................
Unemployed............................................................
Unemployment rate..........................................
Not in labor force............................................................
823
38.1
498
33
465
324
39.4
1,338
1 Data refer to black workers only. According to the 1970 census, they
comprised about 89 percent of the “ black and other” population group.
2 Data on persons of Hispanic origin are tabulated separately, without
regard to race, which means that they are also included in the data for
white and black workers. At the time of the 1970 census, approximately 96
percent of their population was white.
Note : Data beginning with 1976 for total Hispanic origin are not strictly
comparable with those for prior years. These estimates incorporate the ex
panded sample and revised estimation procedures introduced in the nation
al sample in Jan. 1978.
Table 12. Employment status of persons of Mexican, Puerto Rican, and Cuban origin by sex and age,
1978 and 1979
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Hispanic 1
origin
Employment status, sex, and age
Mexican
origin
Puerto Rican
origin
Cuban
origin
1978
1979
1978
1979
1978
1979
Civilian noninstitutional population........................................................................................
7,639
7,901
4,471
4,721
1,085
1,065
569
592
Civilian labor force.........................................................................................................
Percent of population......................................................................................
Em ployed................................................................................................................
Agriculture........................................................................................................
Nonagricultural industries........... .....................................................................
Unemployed............................................................................................................
Unemployment rate..........................................................................................
Not in labor force...........................................................................................................
4,801
62.8
4,366
221
4,145
435
9.1
2,838
5,019
63.5
4,604
221
4,384
415
8.3
2,883
2,924
65.4
2,665
197
2,468
259
8.9
1,547
3,119
66.1
2,864
197
2,666
255
8.2
1,602
550
50.7
477
7
469
73
13.2
535
543
51.0
481
4
477
62
11.5
522
377
66.3
351
5
346
26
7.0
192
391
66.0
361
4
356
31
7.8
200
Civilian noninstitutional population........................................................................................
3,107
3,226
1,902
2,000
391
381
227
244
Civilian labor force..........................................................................................................
Percent of population......................................................... ............................
Em ployed................................................................................................................
Agriculture........................................................................................................
Nonagricultural industries...............................................................................
Unemployed............................................................................................................
Unemployment rate..........................................................................................
Not in labor force............................................................................................................
2,639
84.9
2,473
167
2,306
166
6.3
468
2,753
85.3
2,595
170
2,425
158
5.7
473
1,654
87.0
1,559
148
1,411
95
5.7
248
1,762
88.1
1,667
152
1,515
95
5.4
237
316
80.8
282
6
276
33
10.6
75
304
79.8
274
2
272
30
9.9
77
187
82.4
178
4
173
9
5.0
39
203
83.2
193
4
189
10
4.9
41
Civilian noninstitutional population........................................................................................
3,486
3,614
1,927
2,050
536
524
287
285
Civilian labor force..........................................................................................................
Percent of population......................................................................................
Em ployed................................................................................................................
Agriculture........................................................................................................
Nonagricultural industries.................................................................................
Unemployed............................................................................................................
Unemployment rate..........................................................................................
Not in labor force............................................................................................................
1,643
47.1
1,481
31
1,450
162
9.8
1,843
1,731
47.9
1,576
28
1,549
154
8.9
1,883
934
48.5
835
28
807
99
10.6
993
989
48.2
892
25
867
98
9.9
1,061
174
32.5
152
161
56.1
150
—
150
10
6.5
126
157
55.1
145
152
22
12.7
361
185
35.3
167
1
166
17
9.3
339
Civilian noninstitutional population........................................................................................
1,046
1,061
642
672
158
160
56
63
Civilian labor force..........................................................................................................
Percent of population......................................................................................
Em ployed................................ ...............................................................................
Agriculture........................................................................................................
Nonagricultural industries.................................................................................
Unemployed.............................................................................................................
Unemployment rate..........................................................................................
Not in labor force...........................................................................................................
519
49.6
412
23
389
107
20.6
527
535
50.4
433
23
410
102
19.1
527
336
52.3
271
21
250
65
19.4
306
367
54.6
305
20
285
62
16.9
304
59
37^3
42
1
41
17
29.2
99
55
34.4
40
1
39
15
27.8
106
29
51.8
23
31
49.2
23
—
23
8
(2)
32
1978
1979
TO TAL
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over
—
—
145
12
7.9
128
Both sexes, 16-19 years
1 Includes persons of Central or South American origin and other Hispanic
origin, not shown separately.
* percent not shown where base is less than 35,000.
29
—
22
7
(2)
27
Table 13. Employment status of the population in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas by sex.
age, and race, 1978 and 1979
[Numbers in thousands]
Metropolitan areas
Employment status, sex, age, and
race
Central cities
Total
Nonmetropolitan areas
Suburbs
Nonfarm
Farm
Total
1978
1979
1978
1979
1978
1979
1978
1979
1978
1979
1978
1979
107,391
68,738
64.0
64,529
4,210
6.1
38,653
109,969
71,192
64.7
67,029
4,163
5.8
38,777
45,323
28,108
62.0
26,029
2,079
7.4
17,215
46,014
28,803
62.6
26,759
2,044
7.1
17,211
62,068
40,630
65.5
38,499
2,131
5.2
21,437
63,955
42,390
66.3
40,269
2,120
5.0
21,566
51,550
31,682
61.5
29,844
1,837
5.8
19,869
51,563
31,716
61.5
29,916
1,800
5.7
19,847
4,827
3,032
62.8
2,952
79
2.6
1,795
4,594
2,926
63.7
2,859
68
2.3
1,668
46,723
28,650
61.3
26,892
1,758
6.1
18,073
46,969
28,790
61.3
27,057
1,732
6.0
18,179
45,158
36,459
80.7
34,880
1,579
4.3
8,699
46,304
37,417
80.8
35,848
1,569
4.2
8,886
18,660
14,484
77.6
13,658
825
5.7
4,176
18,963
14,776
77.9
13,957
821
5.6
4,187
26,499
21,975
82.9
21,223
753
3.4
4,523
27,341
22,640
82.8
21,892
749
3.3
4,700
21,848
17,005
77.8
16,332
673
4.0
4,842
21,990
17,069
77.6
16,415
654
3.8
4,921
2,180
1,807
82.9
1,781
26
1.4
372
2,099
1,741
83.0
1,716
26
1.5
358
19,668
15,198
77.3
14,551
647
4.3
4,470
19,891
15,328
77.1
14,699
628
4.1
4,563
51,219
25,897
50.6
24,360
1,537
5.9
25,322
52,610
27,336
52.0
25,792
1,544
5.6
25,274
22,267
11,268
50.6
10,511
757
6.7
10,999
22,637
11,668
51.5
10,914
754
6.5
10,969
28,953
14,629
50.5
13,849
781
5.3
14,323
29,972
15,668
52.3
14,878
790
5.0
14,305
24,269
11,518
47.5
10,820
699
6.1
12,751
24,250
11,574
47.7
10,905
669
5.8
12,676
2,064
880
42.7
849
31
3.5
1,184
1,948
862
44.2
840
22
2.6
1,087
22,205
10,638
47.9
9,971
668
6.3
11,567
22,302
10,712
48.0
10,065
647
6.0
11,589
11,014
6,382
57.9
5,289
1,093
17.1
4,632
11,056
6,439
58.2
5,388
1,051
16.3
4,617
4,397
2,356
53.6
1,860
496
21.1
2,039
4,413
2,358
53.4
1,889
469
19.9
2,055
6,617
4,026
60.8
3,428
597
14.8
2,591
6,642
4,081
61.4
3,499
581
14.2
2,562
5,433
3,158
58.1
2,692
466
14.7
2,275
5,323
3,073
57.7
2,595
477
15.5
2,250
583
344
59.0
321
22
6.5
239
546
323
59.1
303
19
6.0
224
4,850
2,814
58.0
2,371
444
15.8
2,036
4,777
2,750
57.6
2,292
458
16.7
2,026
92,782
59,566
64.2
56,464
3,102
5.2
33,216
94,587
61,489
65.0
58,423
3,066
5.0
33,097
34,856
21,732
62.3
20,491
1,241
5.7
13,124
35,200
22,218
63.1
21,003
1,215
5.5
12,982
57,926
37,834
65.3
35,973
1,861
4.9
20,091
59,387
39,272
66.1
37,421
1,851
4.7
20,115
46,798
28,890
61.7
27,372
1,518
5.3
17,908
47,027
29,113
61.9
27,602
1,511
5.2
17,914
4,509
2,859
63.4
2,796
63
2.2
1,650
4,340
2,791
64.3
2,734
57
2.0
1,549
42,289
26,031
61.6
24,576
1,455
5.6
16,258
42,687
26,322
61.7
24,868
1,454
5.5
16,365
14,609
9,172
62.8
8,065
1,108
12.1
5,437
15,383
9,703
63.1
8,606
1,097
11.3
5,680
10,467
6,376
60.9
5,538
839
13.2
4,091
10,814
6,585
60.9
5,757
828
12.6
4,230
4,142
2,796
67.5
2,527
269
9.6
1,346
4,568
3,118
68.3
2,849
269
8.6
1,450
4,752
2,792
58.7
2,472
319
11.4
1,961
4,535
2,603
57.4
2,314
289
11.1
1,932
318
172
54.3
156
17
9.7
145
254
135
53.1
124
10
7.7
119
4,434
2,620
59.1
2,316
302
11.5
1,816
4,281
2,468
57.7
2,190
279
11.3
1,813
TO TAL
Civilian noninstitutional population........
Civilian labor force..........................
Percent of population......
Em ployed.................................
Unemployed.............................
Unemployment ra te .........
Not in labor fo rc e ...........................
Males, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population........
Civilian labor force..........................
Percent of population.......
Em ployed................................
Unemployed.............................
Unemployment ra te .........
Not in labor fo rc e ...........................
Females, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population........
Civilian labor force..........................
Percent of population......
Em ployed................................
Unemployed....... .....................
Unemployment ra te .........
Not in labor fo rc e ...........................
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population........
Civilian labor force..........................
Percent of population.......
Em ployed................................
Unemployed.............................
Unemployment ra te .........
Not in labor fo rc e ...........................
White
Civilian noninstitutional population........
Civilian labor force..........................
Percent of population......
Em ployed................................
Unemployed.............................
Unemployment ra te .........
Not in labor fo rc e ...........................
Black and other
Civilian noninstitutional population........
Civilian labor force..........................
Percent of population.......
Em ployed.................................
Unemployed.............................
Unemployment ra te .........
Not in labor fo rc e ...........................
30
Table 14. Employment status of the population in poverty and nonpoverty areas by race, 1978 and
1979
[Numbers in thousands]
Poverty areas
Nonmetropolitan areas
Metropolitan areas
Total United States
Employment status and race
Nonpoverty areas
Poverty areas
Nonpoverty areas
Poverty areas
Nonpoverty areas
1978
1979
1978
1979
1978
1979
1978
1979
1978
1979
1978
1979
28,976
16,285
56.2
14,873
1,412
8.7
28,801
16,195
56.2
14,877
1,318
8.1
129,965
84,135
64.7
79,500
4,635
5.5
132,731
86,713
65.3
82,068
4,645
5.4
11,155
6,060
54.3
5,313
747
12.3
10,948
5,964
54.5
5,284
680
11.4
96,236
62,678
65.1
59,216
3,463
5.5
99,021
65,229
65.9
61,745
3,483
5.3
17,821
10,225
57.4
9,560
665
6.5
17,853
10,231
57.3
9,593
638
6.2
33,729
21,456
63.6
20,284
1,172
5.5
33,709
21,485
63.7
20,323
1,162
5.4
6.2
5.7
3.8
3.8
9.6
8.4
3.8
3.8
4.4
4.2
3.8
3.7
8.7
8.3
5.5
5.2
11.0
10.9
5.4
5.2
7.2
6.6
5.5
5.4
22.0
12,691
21.9
12,606
15.2
45,831
15.0
46,018
32.3
5,095
30.1
4,984
15.6
33,557
15.0
33,793
16.0
7,596
17.2
7,622
14.2
12,273
14.8
12,225
Civilian noninstitutional population.... 20,445
Civilian labor fo rc e ..................... 11,694
57.2
Percent of population....
Employed............................ 10,963
732
Unem ployed.......................
6.3
Unemployment rate.....
Males, 20 years
4.7
and o v e r............
Females, 20
6.5
years and over....
Both sexes, 1614.6
19 years.............
Not in labor fo rce....................... ‘ 8,751
20,389
11,695
57.4
10,999
697
6.0
119,135
76,762
64.4
72,873
3,888
5.1
121,224
78,907
65.1
75,026
3,881
4.9
5,795
3,210
55.4
2,930
279
8.7
5,543
3,076
55.5
2,828
248
8.1
86,987
56,357
64.8
53,534
2,824
5.0
89,004
58,413
65.6
55,594
2,818
4.8
14,650
8,485
57.9
8,032
453
5.3
14,847
8,619
58.1
8,170
449
5.2
32,148
20,405
63.5
19,340
1,066
5.2
32,181
20,494
63.7
19,432
1,062
5.2
4.3
3.5
3.4
6.8
6.3
3.5
3.4
3.9
3.6
3.6
3.6
6.2
5.0
4.8
8.4
8.2
4.9
4.7
5.8
5.5
5.4
5.1
15.2
8,694
13.8
42,373
13.8
42,318
21.4
2,586
18.6
2,466
14.0
30,631
13.6
30,631
12.3
6,166
14.0
6,228
13.2
11,742
14.2
11,687
8,531
4,591
53.8
3,911
680
14.8
8,411
4,500
53.5
3,878
621
13.8
10,830
7,373
68.1
6,626
747
10.1
11,507
7,806
67.8
7,042
765
9.8
5,360
2,850
53.2
2,383
468
16.4
5,405
2,887
53.4
2,455
432
15.0
9,249
6,322
68.4
5,682
640
10.1
9,978
6,816
68.3
6,151
665
9.8
3,171
1,741
54.9
1,528
213
12.2
3,007
1,612
53.6
1,423
189
11.7
1,582
1,051
66.4
944
107
10.1
1,529
991
64.8
891
100
10.1
10.8
9.8
7.3
7.6
13.2
H .2
7.3
7.8
7.1
7.4
6.8
6.1
13.4
12.7
9.0
8.7
13.6
13.2
9.1
8.5
13.2
11.9
8.4
10.4
39.3
3,940
37.5
3,912
33.8
3,458
30.4
3,700
42.9
2,510
40.7
2,518
34.1
2,927
31.0
3,162
33.4
1,430
31.8
1,394
32.6
531
27.5
538
TO TAL
Civilian noninstitutional population....
Civilian labor fo rc e ....................
Percent of population...
Employed............................
Unem ployed.......................
Unemployment rate.....
Males, 20 years
and o v e r...........
Females, 20
years and over....
Both sexes, 1619 years............
Not in labor fo rce......................
White
Black and other
Civilian noninstitutional population....
Civilian labor fo rc e .....................
Percent of population...,
Employed.............................
Unem ployed........................
Unemployment rate.....
Males, 20 years
and o v e r............
Females, 20
years and over...,
Both sexes, 1619 years.............
Not in labor fo rce .......................
Note : Poverty areas classification consists of all census geographical di
visions in which 20 percent or more of the residents were poor according to
the 1970 Decennial Census. Persons were classified as poor or nonpoor by
using income thresholds adopted by a Federal interagency committee in
1969. These thresholds vary by family size, composition, and residence
(farm or nonfarm).
31
Table 15. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age,
race, and Hispanic origin, 1978 and 1979
[Numbers in thousands]
Black and other
White
Total
Employment status and age
1978
1979
1978
1979
1978
1979
Hispanic origin 1
1978
1979
VETERANS2
20 to 24 years
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................
Civilian labor fo rc e ...................................................................
Percent of population................................................
Employed..........................................................................
Unemployed.....................................................................
Unemployment rate...................................................
Not in labor force.....................................................................
753
672
89.2
592
80
11.9
81
552
508
92.0
450
58
11.4
45
652
585
89.7
526
59
10.1
67
465
430
92.5
388
42
9.8
36
101
87
86.1
66
21
24.1
14
87
78
89.7
62
16
20.5
9
47
39
83.0
35
4
10.3
8
30
27
(3)
25
2
(3)
4
6,862
6,595
96.1
6,328
267
4.0
267
7,127
6,877
96.5
6,611
266
3.9
250
6,208
5,985
96.4
5,768
217
3.6
223
6,416
6,209
96.8
5,995
214
3.4
207
654
610
93.3
560
50
8.2
44
711
668
94.0
616
52
7.8
43
235
223
94.9
211
12
5.4
12
243
230
94.7
218
12
5.2
13
2,357
2,233
94.7
2,100
133
6.0
124
1,966
1,868
95.0
1,760
108
5.8
98
2,111
2,005
95.0
1,900
105
5.2
105
1,732
1,647
95.1
1,563
84
5.1
85
246
228
92.7
200
28
12.3
19
234
221
94.4
197
24
10.9
13
100
94
94.0
87
7
7.4
6
85
80
94.1
75
5
6.3
6
3,376
3,268
96.8
3,167
101
3.1
108
3,602
3,494
97.0
3,379
115
3.3
108
3,080
2,990
97.1
2,905
85
2.8
90
3,278
3,191
97.3
3,097
94
2.9
87
296
278
93.9
262
16
5.8
18
324
303
93.5
282
21
6.9
21
102
97
95.1
93
4
4.1
5
114
108
94.7
103
5
4.6
6
1,129
1,094
96.9
1,061
33
3.0
35
1,559
1,515
97.2
1,472
43
2.8
44
1,017
990
97.3
963
27
2.7
27
1,406
1,371
97.5
1,335
36
2.6
35
112
104
92.9
98
6
5.8
8
153
144
94.1
137
7
4.9
9
33
32
(3
)
31
1
(3
)
1
44
42
95.5
40
2
4.8
2
13,695
13,040
95.2
12,524
516
4.0
655
14,578
13,863
95.1
13,325
538
3.9
715
11,863
11,378
95.9
10,988
390
3.4
485
12,672
12,157
95.9
11,753
404
3.3
515
1,832
1,662
90.7
1,536
126
7.6
170
1,906
1,706
89.5
1,572
134
7.9
200
950
901
94.8
843
58
6.4
49
1,029
969
94.2
917
52
5.4
60
6,096
5,771
94.7
5,491
280
4.9
326
6,657
6,305
94.7
6,017
288
4.6
352
5,324
5,082
95.5
4,870
212
4.2
243
772
689
89.2
621
68
9.9
83
818
723
88.4
656
67
9.3
94
394
375
95.2
349
26
6.9
19
430
403
93.7
381
22
5.5
27
25 to 39 years
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................
Civilian labor fo rc e ...................................................................
Percent of population................................................
Employed..........................................................................
Unemployed.....................................................................
Unemployment rate...................................................
Not in labor fo rce....................................................................
25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................
Civilian labor fo rc e ...................................................................
Percent of population................................................
Employed..........................................................................
Unem ployed.....................................................................
Unemployment rate...................................................
Not in labor fo rce....................................................................
30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................
Civilian labor fo rc e ...................................................................
Percent of population................................................
Employed..........................................................................
Unemployed.....................................................................
Unemployment rate...................................................
Not in labor fo rce.....................................................................
35 to 39 years
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................
Civilian labor fo rc e ...................................................................
Percent of population................................................
Employed..........................................................................
Unem ployed.....................................................................
Unemployment rate...................................................
Not in labor fo rce....................................................................
N O N VETERAN S 4
25 to 39 years
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................
Civilian labor fo rc e ...................................................................
Percent of population................................................
Employed..........................................................................
Unem ployed.....................................................................
Unemployment rate...................................................
Not in labor fo rce.....................................................................
25 to 29 years
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................
Civilian labor fo rc e ...................................................................
Percent of population................................................
Employed..........................................................................
Unem ployed......................................................................
Unemployment rate...................................................
Not in labor fo rce.....................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
32
5,839
5,582
95.6
5,361
221
4.0
258 I
Table 15. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and non veterans by age,
race, and Hispanic origin, 1978 and 1979—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Black and other
White
Hispanic origin 1
Employment status and age
1978
1979
1978
1979
4,000
3,822
95.6
3,688
134
3.5
178
4,186
3,992
95.4
3,851
141
3.5
194
3,447
3,319
96.3
3,222
97
2.9
128
3,599
3,447
95.8
3,345
102
3.0
151
3,735
3,566
95.5
3,457
109
3.1
169
3,092
2,977
96.3
2,896
81
2.7
115
1978
1979
1978
1979
3,602
3,465
96.2
3,365
100
2.9
137
553
503
91.0
466
37
7.4
50
584
527
90.2
486
41
7.8
57
283
266
94.0
249
17
6.4
17
313
296
94.6
282
14
4.7
17
3,231
3,110
96.3
3,027
83
2.7
121
507
470
92.7
449
21
4.5
36
504
456
90.5
430
26
5.7
48
273
260
95.2
245
15
5.8
13
286
270
94.4
254
4 16
5.9
16
N O N V ETER A N S— Continued
30 to 34 years
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................
Civilian labor fo rc e .................................................................. *
Percent of population................................................
Employed..........................................................................
Unem ployed......................................................................
Unemployment rate...................................................
Not in labor fo rce.....................................................................
35 to 39 years
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................
Civilian labor fo rc e ...................................................................
Percent of population................................................
Employed..........................................................................
Unem ployed......................................................................
Unemployment rate...................................................
Not in labor fo rce.....................................................................
4 Nonveterans are males who have never served in the Armed
Forces. Published data are limited to those 25-39 years of age,
the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the Viet
nam-era veteran population.
1See footnote 2, table 11.
2 Vietnam-era veterans are those who served between Aug. 5,
1964, and May 7, 1975.
3 Percent not shown where base is less than 35,000.
33
Table 16. Persons not in the labor force by sex, race, and age, 1947-791
[In thousands]
Sex, year, and race
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
M ALES
1947........................................................................
1948........................................................................
1949........................................................................
6,710
6,710
6,825
1,069
1,019
1,006
458
460
463
907
854
725
468
441
462
191
202
205
369
348
372
658
678
821
2,590
2,710
2,773
1950.......................................................................
1951........................................................................
1952.......................................................................
19532......................................................................
1954..................................................................... .
6,906
6,725
6,832
7,117
7,431
996
958
1,020
1,052
1,151
463
421
437
452
507
639
517
451
428
458
437
334
270
282
295
242
251
220
196
206
356
347
330
308
316
871
864
849
823
780
2,904
3,034
3,255
3,576
3,716
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958.......................................................................
1959........................................................................
7,634
7,633
8,118
8,514
8,907
1,155
1,096
1,157
1,302
1,475
499
491
510
562
581
488
486
540
568
548
263
299
318
311
280
209
226
235
233
251
326
321
347
355
394
840
812
887
875
915
3,856
3,902
4,125
4,305
4,463
I9602.....................................................................
1961........................................................................
19622.....................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
9,274
9,633
10,231
10,792
11,169
1,515
1,531
1,587
1,842
2,005
663
788
794
748
788
556
589
646
727
766
262
265
288
290
270
263
274
274
289
312
427
445
447
439
446
973
953
1,050
1,066
1,133
4,615
4,786
5,145
5,391
5,451
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
11,527
11,792
11,919
12,315
12,677
1,956
1,868
1,871
1,948
1,972
965
1,106
1,034
1,054
1,087
807
844
934
1,057
1,097
280
276
290
334
369
306
312
303
315
334
467
499
517
552
592
1,227
1,253
1,281
1,312
1,406
5,518
5,635
5,692
5,743
5,821
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
19722 ......................................................................
19732......................................................................
1974........................................................................
13,066
13,715
14,193
14,541
14,904
2,037
2,092
2,115
2,061
2,070
1,099
1,159
1,097
1,077
1,048
1,142
1,270
1,281
1,224
1,184
422
491
551
571
576
340
372
388
403
427
636
678
756
788
886
1,464
1,550
1,728
1,945
2,054
5,925
6,103
6,278
6,473
6,658
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
19782......................................................................
1979....................................................................;....
15,788
16,341
16,514
16,634
16,931
2,158
2,164
2,096
2,024
2,010
1,128
1,143
1,087
1,069
1,114
1,349
1,330
1,319
1,309
1,275
682
714
720
743
760
468
500
478
493
500
898
952
989
965
940
2,232
2^389
2,475
2,560
2,642
6,873
FEM ALES
1947........................................................................
1948........................................................................
1949........................................................................
35,767
35,737
35,883
1,541
1,466
1,426
1,090
1,071
1,032
3,342
3,285
3,249
7,970
7,912
7,955
6,454
6,500
6,486
5,621
5,511
5,524
4,733
4,879
4,957
5,016
5,114
5,253
1950........................................................................
1951........................................................................
1952........................................................................
19532 ......................................................................
1954........................................................................
35,881
35,879
36,261
36,924
37,247
1,422
1,395
1,408
1,462
1,542
1,048
989
996
1,022
1,048
3,136
3,058
3,100
3,050
2,953
7,958
7,842
7,870
8,084
8,024
6,486
6,513
1 6,535
6,627
6,708
5,442
5,379
5,426
5,434
5,465
4,966
5,033
5,060
4,982
5,037
5,423
5,671
5,867
6,262
6,469
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
37,026
36,769
37,218
37,574
38,053
1,574
1,508
1,587
1,752
1,891
1,044
1,043
1,083
1,110
1,180
2,884
2,847
2,879
2,895
3,014
7,930
7,814
7,705
7,583
7,488
6,740
6,648
6,705
6,765
6,831
5,326
5,285
5,311
5,298
5,291
4,959
4,874
4,987
5,018
4,993
6,569
6,751
6,961
7,154
7,365
I9602......................................................................
1961........................................................................
19622......................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
38,343
38,679
39,308
39,791
40,225
1,963
1,946
1,998
2,289
2,522
1,205
1,314
1,359
1,355
1,410
3,014
3,042
3,125
3,265
3,287
7,354
7,247
7,194
7,062
7,044
6,905
6,911
6,935
6,872
6,859
5,323
5,379
5,374
5,368
5,370
5,051
5,087
5,067
5,067
5,122
7,528
7,753
8,256
8,514
8,610
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
40,531
40,496
40,608
40,976
40,924
2,494
2,382
2,399
2,436
2,442
1,605
1,680
1,659
1,642
1,626
3,376
3,387
3,478
3,529
3,512
6,906
6,811
6,716
6,871
6,942
6,685
6,530
6,309
6,131
5,918
5,505
5,496
5,568
5,585
5,485
5,151
5,181
5,238
5,340
5,389
8,808
9,029
9,243
9,442
9,611
1970.........................................................................
1971.........................................................................
19722.......................................................................
41,214
41,952
42,591
2,470
2,551
2,515
1,660
1,733
1,694
3,579
3,723
3,693
6,972
7,103
7,175
5,711
5,594
5,567
5,475
5,539
5,611
5,496
5,606
5,800
9,851
10,102
10,537
See footnotes at end of table.
34
7 t^5^
7,351
7,471
7,689
Table 16. Persons not in the labor force by sex, race, and age, 1947-791 Continued
—
[In thousands]
Sex, year, and race
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
F E M A LE S — Continued
19732......................................................................
1974........................................................................
42,681
42,683
2,462
2,441
1,684
1,683
3,565
3,420
7,146
7,103
5,384
5,261
5,654
5,553
5,982
6,049
10,806
11,173
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
19782......................................................................
1979........................................................................
42,868
42,789
42,510
41,887
41,692
2,459
2,435
2,380
2,233
2,188
1,718
1,713
1,656
1,582
1,555
3,403
3,385
3,307
3,181
3,144
7,032
6,880
6,714
6,439
6,332
5,140
4,962
4,856
4,762
4,650
5,541
5,460
5,312
5,101
4,892
6,103
6,182
6,281
6,316
6,352
11,473
11,772
12,004
12,275
12,580
1954........................................................................
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
6,702
6,881
6,870
7,301
7,667
8,013
1,007
1,011
952
1,008
1,139
1,293
459
442
435
442
491
508
418
439
430
485
505
495
253
216
257
274
270
238
172
170
186
198
196
205
258
276
271
289
300
328
687
745
719
783
774
806
3,449
3,581
3,621
3,822
3,990
4,140
I9602......................................................................
1961........................................................................
19622......................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
8,325
8,624
9,124
9,629
9,976
1,336
1,340
1,385
1,609
1,746
580
701
703
656
688
495
523
580
655
696
220
218
234
234
223
212
217
210
230
246
353
372
371
353
363
860
831
922
941
992
4,266
4,422
4,719
4,952
5,021
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969.........................................................................
10,283
10,491
10,566
10,881
11,164
1,691
1,600
1,594
1,649
1,663
852
967
886
903
929
738
774
842
944
974
234
225
238
275
300
240
243
229
240
251
387
404
429
450
483
1,073
i , i 12
1,126
1,158
1,238
5,070
5,164
5,224
5,262
5,325
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
19722......................................................................
19732 ......................................................................
1974........................................................................
11,475
11,961
12,291
12,565
12,825
1,699
1,727
1,738
1,670
1,667
929
969
902
882
856
999
1,095
1,098
1,030
993
341
394
451
446
455
263
283
289
300
317
512
538
605
654
708
1,304
1,378
1,516
1,709
1,803
5,428
5,578
5,693
5,874
6,026
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
1 9 7 8 2 .....................................................;................
1979........................................................................
13,504
13,916
14,057
14,204
14,419
1,720
1,718
1,651
1,588
1,562
901
894
850
839
873
1,110
1,080
1,059
1,038
1,023
541
550
548
572
573
346
383
369
375
377
717
753
780
777
761
1,962
2,088
2,180
2,277
2,332
6,208
6,450
6,621
6,738
6,918
1954........................................................................
1955.......................... ..............................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958................................. .......................................
1959........................................................................
34,186
33,917
33,679
34,077
34,432
34,837
1,332
1,353
1,299
1,363
1,517
1,639
881
890
889
920
938
992
2,622
2,534
2,484
2,523
2,543
2,659
7,338
7,260
7,154
7,023
6,909
6,807
6,202
6,211
6,126
6,199
6,281
6,333
5,051
4,912
4,866
4,893
4,897
4,881
4,715
4,615
4,542
4,642
4,653
4,642
6,044
6,142
6,319
6,515
6,691
6,886
I9602......................................................................
1961........................................................................
19622......................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
35,044
35,326
35,841
36,246
36,637
1,702
1,678
1,724
1,990
2,180
1,030
1,132
1,178
1,166
1,221
2,645
2,654
2,740
2,877
2,921
6,656
6,568
6,522
6,404
6,379
6,387
6,395
6,388
6,309
6,277
4,903
4,956
4,950
4,940
4,953
4,688
4,700
4,672
4,673
4,727
7,030
7,242
7,666
7,887
7,979
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
36,865
36,801
36,835
37,089
36,970
2,137
2,026
2,026
2,057
2,057
1,374
1,442
1,428
1,393
1,362
3,008
2,997
3,070
3,132
3,089
6,258
6,172
6,104
6,230
6,301
6,119
5,976
5,752
5,551
5,341
5,056
5,049
5,094
5,104
5,006
4,751
4,774
4,803
4,892
4,935
8,163
8,365
8,558
8,730
8,878
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
19722......................................................................
19733......................................................................
1974........................................................................
37,119
37,708
38,110
38,049
37,872
2,066
2,118
2,058
2,006
1,970
1,386
1,432
1,392
1,371
1,355
3,118
3,213
3,173
3,023
2,868
6,305
6,437
6,488
6,425
6,330
5,140
5,038
4,987
4,794
4,671
4,979
5,022
5,058
5,075
4,969
5,026
5,124
5,275
5,451
5,491
9,100
9,323
9,679
9,904
10,219
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
37,912
37,776
37,431
1,994
1,945
1,876
1,382
1,357
1,304
2,802
2,785
2,711
6,228
6,122
5,947
4,546
4,361
4,264
4,946
4,864
4,728
5,534
5,599
5,677
10,482
10,744
10,924
WHITE
Males
Females
See footnotes at end of table.
35
Table 16. Persons not in the labor force by sex, race, and age, 1947-791 Continued
—
[In thousands]
Total,
16
years
and
over
65
years
and
over
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
36,920
36,592
1,759
1,721
1,249
1,209
2,615
2,542
5,690
5,555
4,211
4,087
4,525
4,315
5,707
5,732
11,164
11,430
1954........................................................................
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
729
755
761
818
845
894
145
145
142
149
162
182
49
57
56
68
71
73
40
48
57
55
63
54
45
47
43
44
42
41
34
38
39
37
37
45
57
48
49
58
55
66
94
95
93
104
101
109
268
274
281
303
314
324
I9602......................................................................
1961........................................................................
19622....................................................... ..............
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
950
1,011
1,109
1,163
1,193
179
192
202
233
259
82
88
91
92
100
61
65
66
72
70
42
47
54
57
46
50
58
63
59
65
75
74
76
87
84
114
122
129
126
140
348
365
425
439
430
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
1,246
1,301
1,353
1,434
1,513
265
268
276
299
308
113
139
148
152
158
70
70
92
113
123
47
51
52
60
69
68
68
74
75
82
80
95
88
102
110
155
141
155
154
168
448
479
461
481
495
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
19722......................................................................
19732......................................................................
1974........................................................................
1,591
1,753
1,902
1,977
2,079
338
364
377
391
402
170
190
195
195
193
143
175
183
195
190
82
97
100
125
121
77
90
100
103
110
125
140
152
134
178
160
173
212
236
252
497
525
585
599
632
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
19782 ......................................................................
1979........................................................................
2,283
2,425
2,458
2,430
2,512
438
446
445
436
448
227
249
237
230
242
239
250
261
272
252
142
163
173
171
187
122
118
109
118
123
181
199
209
188
179
270
300
295
283
310
665
701
729
732
771
1954........................................................................
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
3,062
3,109
3,089
3,140
3,142
3,216
210
221
208
224
235
253
167
154
154
163
171
189
330
350
363
356
351
355
687
670
659
682
674
681
507
530
520
506
484
499
415
414
419
418
401
410
322
343
332
345
364
353
425
427
431
446
461
479
I9602......................................................................
1961........................................................................
19622......................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
3,300
3,353
3,468
3,544
3,588
261
268
274
300
342
175
181
181
188
189
370
386
385
389
367
697
679
673
658
664
519
517
*546
562
582
419
422
424
429
417
363
388
395
397
395
497
512
590
625
631
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
3,666
3,695
3,773
3,886
3,955
356
356
373
379
385
231
238
232
249
264
369
389
408
398
423
648
639
613
641
640
567
554
557
579
577
449
447
474
481
478
400
408
435
448
455
645
664
685
712
733
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
1972........................................................................
1973........................................................................
1974........................................................................
4,095
4,243
4,481
4,632
4,812
404
433
457
456
471
274
301
302
313
328
461
510
520
542
553
667
666
687
721
773
571
556
580
590
590
496
517
553
579
584
470
482
524
531
559
751
778
858
901
954
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
19782.......................................................................
1979........................................................................
4,956
5,013
5,079
4,967
5,100
465
490
503
474
468
336
357
352
333
345
601
600
596
566
601
804
759
767
749
777
593
601
592
551
563
595
596
584
575
577
569
583
604
609
620
992
1,028
1,080
1,111
1,150
Sex, year, and race
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
WHITE— Continued
Fem ales— Continued
19782......................................................................
1979........................................................................
B L A C K AND OTHER
Males
Females
1Absolute numbers by race are not available prior to 1954 because population controls by race were not introduced into the
Current Population Survey until that year,
2 See footnote 1, table 1.
36
Table 17. Job desire of persons 16 years and over not in labor force and reasons for not seeking
work by sex and race, 1970-79
[In thousands]
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Total not in labor fo rce ........................................................
54,280
55,666
56,785
57,222
57,587
58,655
59,130
59,025
58,521
58,623
Do not want a job now..................................................
Current activity:
Going to sc h o o l..............................................
Ill, disab led ......................................................
Keeping house................................................
R etired............................................................
O ther...............................................................
50,396
51,259
52,321
52,759
53,132
53,452
53,984
53,340
53,193
53,328
6,051
3,869
32,162
5,918
2,396
6,373
4,077
32,203
6,160
2,446
6,301
4,313
32,384
6,691
2,632
6,117
4,572
32,145
7,165
2,760
5,994
4,794
31,945
7,379
3,020
6,291
4,789
31,334
7,851
3,187
6,386
4,713
30,763
8,596
3,526
6,203
4,547
30,230
8,966
3,394
6,143
4,532
29,517
9,366
3,635
5,965
4,531
28,994
9,935
3,903
3,877
4,404
4,462
4,460
4,454
5,196
5,141
5,671
5,328
5,293
1,075
489
906
638
437
201
769
1,242
555
999
774
537
237
834
1,200
632
1,074
766
540
226
790
1,227
619
1,021
679
491
187
914
1,193
650
1,017
686
463
223
908
1,439
672
1,109
1,082
854
226
894
1,441
648
1,171
910
643
267
971
1,534
753
1,253
1,010
693
316
1,121
1,374
720
1,226
845
570
275
1,163
1,427
743
1,240
750
500
250
1,133
13,066
13,715
14,193
14,541
14,904
15,788
16,341
16,514
16,634
16,931
Do not want a job now........................ ..........................
Current activity:
Going to s c h o o l...............................................
Ill, d isab led .................................... ..................
Keeping house.................................................
R etired .............................................................
O th er................................................................
11,863
12,364
12,837
13,145
13,536
14,143
14,745
14,769
14,948
15,248
3,055
2,045
201
5,216
1,346
3,244
2,135
220
5,405
1,360
3,215
2,250
190
5,702
1,480
3,115
2,401
204
5,927
1,498
2,987
2,556
211
6,127
1,655
3,191
2,554
217
6,428
1,753
3,207
2,588
221
6,816
1,913
3,077
2,520
264
7,076
1,832
3,071
2,449
270
7,247
1,911
2,976
2,453
285
7,479
2,055
Want a job now............................................................. j
Reason not looking:
School attendance..........................................III health, disability............................................
Think cannot get jo b ....................................... Other reasons1.................................................
1,200
1,346
1,347
1,395
1,366
1,642
1,596
1,744
1,686
1,682
563
208
221
208
636
255
238
217
612
271
240
224
647
274
225
249
614
272
227
253
736
299
359
248
722
280
321
273
768
322
317
337
693
326
305
362
717
332
279
354
Total not in labor fo rc e .........................................................
41,214
41,952
42,591
42,681
42,683
42,868
42,789
42,510
41,887
41,692
Do not want a job now...................................................
Current activity:
Going to sc h o o l...............................................
Ill, d isab led......................................................
Keeping house.................................................
R etire d .............................................................
O th er................................................................
38,535
38,894
39,476
39,614
39,594
39,307
39,236
38,573
38,243
38,079
2,997
1,824
31,961
703
1,050
3,129
1,941
31,983
755
1,086
3,086
2,063
32,194
989
1,144
3,002
2,171
31,941
1,238
1,262
3,007
2,238
31,734
1,251
1,364
3,100
2,235
31,115
1,423
1,434
3,177
2,126
30,542
1,780
1,612
3,126
2,028
29,966
1,891
1,562
3,072
2,082
29,246
2,119
1,724
2,988
2,078
28,709
2,456
1,848
Want a job now ..............................................................
Reason not looking:
School attendance..........................................
Ill health, disability...........................................
Home responsibilities...................................... .
Think cannot get j o b .................................
Other reason s................................................
2,675
3,057
3,115
3,066
3,088
3,553
3,548
3,929
3,642
3,613
511
281
906
417
560
606
300
999
536
616
588
361
1,074
526
566
580
345
1,021
454
666
579
378
1,017
459
655
703
373
1,109
722
646
720
368
1,171
590
699
766
431
1,253
694
785
681
394
1,226
540
801
710
411
1,240
472
780
48,593
49,667
50,401
50,613
50,696
51,416
51,692
51,488
51,124
51,011
Do not want a job now...................................................
Current activity:
Going to s c h o o l...............................................
Ill, d isab le d......................................................
Keeping house.................................................
R etired .............................................................
O th er................................................................
45,497
46,229
46,959
47,164
47,233
47,425
47,754
47,178
47,085
46,981
5,181
3,179
29,597
5,491
2,049
5,431
3,278
29,727
5,704
2,089
5,279
3,431
29,843
6,134
2,272
5,086
3,728
29,425
6,590
2,335
4,956
3,888
29,096
6,739
2,553
5,142
3,863
28,532
7,198
2,685
5,175
3,778
28,044
7,832
2,925
4,988
3,687
27,513
8,164
2,826
4,981
3,696
26,882
8,518
3,008
4,791
3,647
26,334
8,983
3,226
Want a job now.............................................................
3,096
3,438
3,442
3,449
3,463
3,991
3,938
4,309
4,037
4,028
Job desire, sex, and race
TO TAL
Want a job now.............................................................
Reason not looking:
School attendance..........................................
Ill health, disability..........................................
Home responsibilities......................................
Think cannot get job.......................................
Job-market fa cto rs..................................
Personal factors.......................................
Other reasons1................................................
Males
Total not in labor fo rce ........................................................
Females
WHITE
Total not in labor fo rc e ........................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
37
Table 17. Job desire of persons 16 years and over not in labor force and reasons for not seeking
work by sex and race, 1970-79—Continued
[In thousands]
Job desire, sex, and race
1970
1972
1971
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
WHITE— Continued
Reason not looking:
School attendance..........................................
Ill health, disability...........................................
Home responsibilities.......................................
Think cannot get jo b ........................................
Other reason s1................................................
875
360
707
494
660
973
422
752
589
702
951
452
797
578
664
950
447
795
500
757
924
482
785
523
749
1,107
487
854
776
767
1,084
455
896
683
820
1,140
565
970
716
918
1,012
519
947
589
970
1,046
524
963
542
953
Total not in labor fo rce .........................................................
11,475
11,961
12,291
12,565
12,825
13,504
13,916
14,057
14,204
14,419
Do not want a job now...................................................
Current activity:
Going to s c h o o l...............................................
Ill, d isab le d ......................................................
Keeping house.................................................
R etired .................................................. ...........
O th er................................................................
10,502
10,887
11,206
11,461
11,743
12,233
12,699
12,718
12,952
13,136
2,639
1,716
170
4,848
1,129
2,783
1,730
194
5,029
1,151
2,706
1,825
159
5,240
1,276
2,606
1,982
170
5,457
1,247
2,476
2,095
184
5,603
1,384
2,617
2,092
175
5,895
1,454
2,619
2,094
192
6,231
1,563
2,477
2,076
221
6,452
1,492
2,506
2,034
221
6,625
1,566
2,393
2,023
233
6,808
1,679
Want a job now..............................................................
Reason not looking:
School attendance...........................................
Ill health, disability...........................................
Think cannot get jo b ........................................
Other reason s1................................................
972
1,074
1,085
1,103
1,082
1,271
1,217
1,339
1,251
1,283
469
160
169
174
506
203
180
185
498
214
187
186
507
209
176
211
483
209
172
218
571
230
258
212
554
207
232
224
582
250
232
275
516
236
203
296
527
251
203
302
Total not in labor fo rc e .........................................................
37,119
37,708
38,110
38,049
37,872
37,912
37,776
37,431
36,920
36,592
Do not want a job now...................................................
Current activity:
Going to s c h o o l...............................................
Ill, d isab led .......................................................
Keeping house.................................................
R etired .............................................................
O th er................................................................
34,995
35,342
35,753
35,703
35,490
35,192
35,055
34,460
34,133
33,845
2,542
1,463
29,427
643
920
2,648
1,548
29,533
675
938
2,573
1,606
29,684
894
996
2,480
1,746
29,255
1,133
1,088
2,480
1,793
28,912
1,136
1,169
2,529
1,771
28,357
1,303
1,231
2,556
1,684
27,852
1,601
1,362
2,511
1,611
27,292
1,712
1,334
2,475
1,662
26,661
1,893
1,442
2,398
1,624
26,101
2,175
1,547
Want a job now ..............................................................
Reason not looking:
School attendance..........................................
Ill health, disability............................................
Home responsibilities.......................................
Think cannot get jo b ........................................
Other reasons1................................................
2,124
2,364
2,357
2,346
2,381
2,720
2,721
2,970
2,786
2,745
406
200
707
325
486
467
219
752
409
517
453
238
797
391
478
443
238
795
324
546
441
273
785
351
531
536
257
854
518
555
530
248
896
451
596
558
315
970
484
643
496
283
947
386
674
519
273
963
339
651
Total not in labor fo rce .........................................................
5,681
5,986
6,382
6,607
6,889
7,232
7,433
7,537
7,397
7,612
Do not want a job now...................................................
Current activity:
Going to s c h o o l...............................................
Ill, d isab led .......................................................
Keeping house.................................................
R etire d .............................................................
O th er................................................................
4,898
5,029
5,363
5,594
5,902
6,028
6,230
6,160
6,107
6,344
869
691
2,566
424
348
942
798
2,476
456
357
1,022
882
2,541
558
360
1,031
843
2,719
575
425
1,038
907
2,850
640
466
1,145
926
2,802
653
503
1,209
937
2,719
764
600
1,213
861
2,717
802
567
1,163
835
2,634
849
626
1,174
884
2,658
951
677
Want a job now ..............................................................
Reason not looking:
School attendance...........................................
Ill health, disability............................................
Home responsibilities.......................................
Think cannot get jo b ........................................
Other reason s1................................................
783
957
1,019
1,013
987
1,204
1,203
1,363
1,290
1,267
201
128
199
145
110
268
133
247
177
137
249
180
276
188
126
278
172
226
179
158
269
167
232
162
157
331
185
255
306
127
358
192
275
227
151
395
187
283
294
204
361
201
280
255
193
380
218
278
209
182
Total not in labor fo rc e .........................................................
1,591
1,753
1,902
1,977
2,079
2,283
2,425
2,458
2,430
2,512
Do not want a job now...................................................
Current activity:
Going to s c h o o l...............................................
Ill, d isab le d .......................................................
Keeping house.................................................
1,357
1,477
1,638
1,681
1,796
1,912
2,047
2,050
1,997
2,112
415
329
31
461
405
26
509
425
30
509
418
33
511
461
28
574
462
44
588
494
29
599
445
43
567
415
49
584
431
51
Males
Females
B L A C K AND OTH ER
Males
See footnotes at end of table.
38
Table 17. Job desire of persons 16 years and over not in labor force and reasons for not seeking
work by sex and race, 1970-79—Continued
[In thousands]
Job desire, sex, and race
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
B L A C K AN D O TH ER — Continued
Males— Continued
R etired .............................................................
O th er................................................................
365
217
376
209
462
212
470
251
524
271
533
299
585
350
624
339
622
344
670
376
Want a job now..............................................................
Reason not looking:
School attendance...........................................
Ill health, disability............................................
Think cannot get jo b ........................................
Other reason s1................................................
231
265
262
294
282
371
378
405
433
398
95
48
53
35
130
52
50
33
114
57
53
38
141
65
49
39
131
62
55
34
165
69
101
36
168
73
89
48
187
71
85
62
176
90
101
66
189
80
76
53
Total not in labor fo rc e ..........................................................
4,095
4,243
4,481
4,632
4,812
4,956
5,013
5,079
4,967
5,100
Do not want a job now...................................................
Current activity:
Going to s c h o o l...............................................
Ill, d isab le d .......................................................
Keeping house.................................................
R etired .............................................................
O th er................................................................
3,541
3,552
3,725
3,913
4,106
4,116
4,183
4,110
4,110
4,232
454
362
2,535
59
131
481
393
2,450
80
148
513
457
2,511
96
148
522
425
2,686
105
174
527
446
2,822
116
195
571
464
2,758
120
204
621
443
2,690
179
250
614
416
2,674
178
228
596
420
2,585
227
282
590
453
2,607
281
301
Want a job now..............................................................
Reason not looking:
School attendance...........................................
Ill health, disability............................................
Home responsibilities.......................................
Think cannot get jo b ........................................
Other reason s..................................................
552
692
757
719
705
833
825
958
857
869
106
80
199
92
75
138
81
247
127
99
135
123
276
135
88
137
107
226
130
119
138
105
232
107
123
166
116
255
205
91
190
119
275
138
103
208
116
283
209
142
185
111
280
154
127
191
138
278
133
129
Fem ales
Note : Detail may not add to not-in-labor-force totals because of differences in the weighting patterns used in aggregating these data.
1 Includes small number of men not looking for work because of “ home
responsibilities.”
39
Table 18. Employed persons by sex, race, and age, 1947-79
[In thousands]
Sex, year, and race
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
BOTH S E X E S
1947........................................................................
1948........................................................................
1949........................................................................
57,038
58,343
57,651
1,573
1,600
1,466
2,336
2,426
2,246
6,827
6,937
6,660
13,464
13,801
13,639
12,819
13,050
13,108
10,303
10,624
10,636
6,969
7,103
7,042
2,745
2,804
2,864
1950........................................................................
1951........................................................................
1952........................................................................
1953........................................................................
1954........................................................................
58,918
59,961
60,250
61,179
60,109
1,433
1,575
1,626
1,577
1,422
2,270
2,192
2,092
2,142
2,053
6,746
6,321
5,572
5,225
4,971
13,917
14,233
14,515
14,519
14,190
13,424
13,746
14,058
14,774
14,541
10,966
11,421
11,687
11,969
11,976
7,265
7,558
7,785
7,806
7,895
2,899
2,917
2,919
3,166
3,060
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
62,170
63,799
64,071
63,036
64,630
1,500
1,647
1,613
1,519
1,670
2,143
2,171
2,167
2,063
2,168
5,270
5,545
5,641
5,571
5,870
14,481
14,407
14,253
13,675
13,709
14,879
15,218
15,348
15,157
15,454
12,556
12,978
13,320
13,448
13,915
8,158
8,519
8,553
8,559
8,822
3,185
3,314
3,179
3,045
3,023
I9 6 0 2....................................................................... 65,778
1961........................................................................ 65,746
19622...................................................................... 66,702
1963........................................................................ 67,762
1964........................................................................ 69,305
1,770
1,621
1,607
1,751
2,013
2,360
2,486
2,588
2,504
2,503
6,119
6,227
6,446
6,815
7,303
13,630
13,429
13,311
13,318
13,449
15,598
15,552
15,901
16,114
16,166
14,238
14,320
14,491
14,749
15,094
8,989
9,120
9,346
9,596
9,804
3,073
2,987
3,013
2,915
2,973
1965.....................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
71,088
72,895
74,372
75,920
77,902
2,075
2,269
2,334
2,403
2,573
2,962
3,452
3,348
3,377
3,543
7,702
7,964
8,499
8,762
9,319
13,704
14,017
14,575
15,265
15,883
16,294
16,312
16,281
16,220
16,100
15,320
15,615
15,789
16,083
16,410
10,028
10,310
10,536
10,745
10,919
3,005
2,961
3,011
3,065
3,155
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
19722......................................................................
1973........................................................................
1974........................................................................
78,627
79,120
81,702
84,409
85,935
2,596
2,587
2,770
3,007
3,080
3,545
3,609
3,952
4,228
4,323
9,719
10,144
10,895
11,686
11,903
16,293
16,662
17,864
19,194
20,196
15,916
15,647
15,771
15,967
16,106
16,473
16,453
16,460
16,557
16,638
10,968
10,982
10,995
10,895
10,870
3,117
3,036
2,996
2,875
2,821
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
19782.......................................................................
1979........................................................................
84,783
87,485
90,546
94,373
96,945
2,902
2,926
3,084
3,269
3,271
4,145
4,343
4,526
4,712
4,713
11,638
12,276
12,855
13,498
13,891
20,575
21,881
23,140
24,472
25,584
15,833
16,325
16,990
17,938
18,768
16,197
16,232
16,221
16,349
16,369
10,711
10,774
10,966
11,217
11,380
2,784
2,727
2,763
2,919
2,969
1947........................................................................ 40,995
1948........................................................................ 41,725
1949................... ..................................................... 40,925
992
997
911
1,226
1,348
1,213
4,238
4,350
4,196
9,858
10,039
9,870
9,242
9,363
9,308
7,644
7,742
7,661
5,485
5,586
5,438
2,309
2,303
2,329
1950........................................................................
1951........................................................................
1952........................................................................
1953........................................................................
1954........................................................................
41,578
41,780
41,682
42,430
41,619
909
979
985
976
881
1,277
1,177
1,121
1,159
1,104
4,255
3,780
3,182
2,902
2,724
10,060
10,134
10,352
10,500
10,254
9,445
9,607
9,753
10,229
10,082
7,790
8,012
8,144
8,374
8,330
5,508
5,711
5,804
5,808
5,830
2,336
2,382
2,343
2,483
2,414
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
42,621
43,379
43,357
42,423
43,466
936
1,008
987
948
1,015
1,159
1,156
1,130
1,064
1,183
2,974
3,246
3,343
3,293
3,597
10,453
10,337
10,222
9,790
9,863
10,267
10,385
10,427
10,291
10,492
8,553
8,732
8,851
8,828
9,048
5,857
6,004
6,002
5,954
6,058
2,424
2,512
2,394
2,254
2,210
I9 6 0 2.......................................................................
1961........................................................................
19622.......................................................................
1963.........................................................................
1964........................................................................
43,904
43,656
44,177
44,657
45,474
1,089
989
990
1,073
1,242
1,271
1,325
1,372
1,333
1,345
3,754
3,798
3,898
4,118
4,370
9,759
9,591
9,475
9,431
9,531
10,551
10,505
10,711
10,801
10,832
9,182
9,194
9,333
9,479
9,637
6,106
6,156
6,260
6,385
6,477
2,191
2,098
2,137
2,039
2,039
1965.........................................................................
1966.........................................................................
1967.........................................................................
1968.........................................................................
1969.........................................................................
46,340
46,919
47,479
48,114
48,818
1,284
1,390
1,417
1,453
1,526
1,634
1,862
1,769
1,802
1,904
4,583
4,599
4,809
4,812
5,012
9,611
9,709
9,989
10,405
10,736
10,837
10,765
10,676
10,554
10,401
9,792
9,904
9,990
10,102
10,186
6,542
6,667
6,775
6,893
6,931
2,057
2,024
2,058
2,093
2,122
1970.........................................................................
1971.........................................................................
19722.......................................................................
48,960
49,245
50,630
1,503
1,505
1,589
1,904
1,965
2,161
5,230
10,921
5,559
11,145
6,076 I 11,751
10,211
10,171
10,003
10,144
10,043 I 10,149
6,926
6,906
6,912
2,094
2,017
1,949
Males
See footnotes at end of table.
40
Table 18. Employed persons by sex, race, and age, 1947-79‘— Continued
[In thousands]
Sex, year, and race
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
Males— Continued
19732......................................................................
1974........................................................................
51,963
52,519
1,708
1,727
2,309
2,347
6,566
6,622
12,424
12,865
10,061
10,049
10,211
10,199
6,833
6,848
1,851
1,862
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
19782......................................................................
1979........................................................................
51,230
52,391
53,861
55,491
56,499
1,600
1,601
1,704
1,767
1,761
2,204
2,303
2,420
2,512
2,475
6,339
6,742
7,031
7,330
7,534
12,891
13,495
14,049
14,629
15,133
9,785
9,942
10,252
10,678
11,014
9,925
9,908
9,863
9,842
9,775
6,683
6,677
6,794
6,892
6,946
1,803
1,722
1,749
1,842
1,861
1947........................................................................
1948........................................................................
1949........................................................................
16,045
16,617
16,723
581
605
555
1,110
1,078
1,033
2,591
2,587
2,463
3,606
3,762
3,769
3,577
3,687
3,800
2,659
2,882
2,975
1,484
1,516
1,604
436
501
535
1950........................................................................
1951........................................................................
1952........................................................................
1953........................................................................
1954........................................................................
17,340
18,181
18,568
18,749
18,490
524
596
641
601
541
993
1,015
971
983
949
2,491
2,541
2,389
2,324
2,247
3,857
4,099
4,163
4,019
3,936
3,979
4,139
4,305
4,545
4,459
3,176
3,409
3,543
3,595
3,646
1,757
1,847
1,981
1,99Q
2,065
563
535
576
683
646
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
19,551
20,419
20,714
20,613
21,164
564
639
626
571
655
984
1,015
1,037
999
985
2,297
2,300
2,295
2,277
2,273
4,028
4,070
4,031
3,885
4,846
4,612
4,833
4,921
4,866
4,961
4,003
4,246
4,469
4,620
4,867
2,301
2,515
2,550
2,604
2,764
761
802
784
791
812
I9 6 0 2......................................................................
1961........................................................................
19622......................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........ ...............................................................
21,874
22,090
22,525
23,105
23,831
680
632
617
678
771
1,089
1,161
1,216
1,171
1,158
2,366
2,433
2,548
2,697
2,934
3,871
3,838
3,836
3,888
3,918
5,046
5,047
5,190
5,313
5,335
5,055
5,124
5,158
5,272
5,457
2,884
2,964
3,086
3,211
3,326
882
889
875
877
934
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968................................................. .......................
1969........................................................................
24,748
25,976
26,893
27,807
29,084
790
879
917
950
1,047
1,328
1,590
1,580
1,575
1,639
3,119
3,364
3,690
3,950
4,307
4,093
4,307
4,587
4,860
5,147
5,457
5,549
5,608
5,666
5,699
5,528
5,710
5,799
5,981
6,223
3,486
3,641
3,762
3,852
3,988
948
936
953
972
1,033
1970....................... :................................................ 29,667
1971........................................................................ 29,875
19722...................................................................... 31,072
19732...................................................................... 32,446
1974........................................................................ 33,417
1,093
1,082
1,181
1,299
1,353
1,641
1,643
1,791
1,919
1,976
4,489
4,585
4,818
5,121
5,281
5,372
5,517
6,113
6,770
7,331
5,705
5,644
5,728
5,906
6,057
6,302
6,309
6,311
6,346
6,438
4,042
4,075
4,083
4,062
4,022
1,023
1,019
1,047
1,024
959
33,553
35,095
36,685
38,882
40,446
1,302
1,325
1,379
1,502
1,510
1,941
2,040
2,107
2,200
2,238
5,299
5,534
5,824
6,168
6,358
7,683
8,386
9,091
9,843
10,450
6,047
• 6,383
6,739
7,260
7,754
6,272
6,324
6,358
6,507
6,594
4,028
4,097
4,173
4,325
4,434
980
1,006
1,015
1,077
1,108
1954........................................................................
1955............................................... .........................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
53,957
55,834
57,265
57,452
56,614
1,257
1,330
1,465
1,442
1,370
1,822
1,896
1,922
1,931
1,847
4,358
4,637
4,897
4,952
4,908
12,616
12,855
12,748
12,619
12,128
13,000
13,327
13,637
13,716
13,553
10,811
11,322
11,706
12,009
12,113
7,262
7,510
7,822
7,729
7,849
2,831
2,954
3,068
2,951
2,828
1959........................................................................
I9 6 0 2.......................................................................
1961........................................................................
19622......................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
58,005
58,850
58,912
59,698
60,622
61,922
1,520
1,598
1,472
1,447
1,600
1,846
1,955
2,103
2,220
2,327
2,250
2,230
5,138
5,331
5,460
5,676
6,036
6,444
12,144
12,021
11,835
11,703
11,689
11,794
13,830
13,930
13,905
14,173
14,341
14,380
12,552
12,820
12,906
13,066
13,304
13,596
8,063
8,192
8,335
8,511
8,718
8,916
2,805
2,855
2,778
2,795
2,683
2,717
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
63,445
65,019
66,362
67,751
69,518
1,892
2,052
2,121
2,193
2,347
2,670
3,124
2,993
3,002
3,161
6,752
6,986
7,493
7,687
8,182
11,992
12,268
12,763
13,410
13,935
14,473
14,449
14,429
14,386
14,270
13,804
14,072
14,224
14,487
14,788
9,116
9,356
9,596
9,781
9,947
2,748
2,713
2,746
2,804
2,888
1970........................................................................
70,182
2,384
3,185
8,551
14,309
14,091
14,854
9,975
2,834
Females
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
19782......................................................................
1979........................................................................
WHITE
See footnotes at end of table.
41
Table 18. Employed persons by sex, race, and age, 1947-79'— Continued
[In thousands]
Sex, year, and race
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
2 0 to
65
years
and
over
WHITE— Continued
1971........................................................................
19722......................................................................
19732......................................................................
1974........................................................................
70,716
73,074
75,278
76,621
2,396
2,567
2,787
2,854
3,266
3,591
3,816
3,914
8,960
9,644
10,318
10,536
14,631
15,754
16,881
17,754
13,851
13,928
14,064
14,173
14,845
14,847
14,890
14,954
9,992
10,038
9,926
9,883
2,775
2,705
2,597
2,551
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
19782......................................................................
1979........................................................................
75,713
78,021
80,734
83,836
86,025
2,685
2,723
2,881
3,033
3,021
3,767
3,960
4,139
4,279
4,274
10,372
10,912
11,456
11,977
12,287
18,130
19,239
20,353
21,449
22,406
13,950
14,373
14,944
15,764
16,527
14,562
14,557
14,493
14,561
14,534
9,734
9,812
9,979
10,165
10,313
2,512
2,445
2,489
2,609
2,663
1954........................................................................
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
37,847
38,721
39,366
39,343
38,592
39,493
771
821
890
874
852
915
953
1,004
990
932
1,046
2,394
2,607
2,850
2,930
2,896
3,153
9,287
9,461
9,330
9,226
8,861
8,911
9,175
9,351
9,449
9,480
9,368
9,560
7,614
7,792
7,950
8,067
8,061
8,261
5,412
5,431
5,559
5,442
5,501
5,588
2,241
2,254
2,336
2,234
2,103
2,060
I9 6 0 2......................................................................
1961........................................................................
19622......................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
39,755
39,588
40,016
40,428
41,114
973
891
883
972
1,128
1,119
1,164
1,215
1,184
1,188
3,264
3,311
3,426
3,646
3,856
8,777
8,630
8,514
8,463
8,538
9,589
9,566
9,718
9,782
9,800
8,372
8,394
8,512
8,650
8,787
5,618
5,670
5,749
5,844
5,945
2,043
1,961
1,998
1,887
1,872
1965........................................................................
1966.......................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
41,844
42,330
42,834
43,411
44,048
1,159
1,245
1,278
1,319
1,385
1,453
1,571
1,589
1,685
4,025
4,028
4,231
4,226
4,401
8,598
8,674
8,931
9,315
9,608
9,795
9,719
9,632
9,522
9,379
8,924
9,029
9,093
9,198
9,279
5,998
6,096
6,208
6,316
6,359
1,892
1,871
1,892
1,926
1,953
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
19722......................................................................
19732......................................................................
1974........................................................................
44,157
44,499
45,769
46,830
47,340
1,373
1,389
1,463
1,580
1,597
1,692
1,763
1,945
2,068
2,113
4,596
4,912
5,389
5,802
5,885
9,773
9,975
10,570
11,132
11,522
9,200
9,017
9,030
9,021
8,995
9,272
9,259
9,242
9,266
9,254
6,338
6,331
6,349
6,279
6,277
1,913
1,853
1,781
1,682
1,696
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
19782......................................................................
1979.......................................................................
46,284
47,282
48,578
49,893
50,721
1,485
1,481
1,583
1,637
1,624
1,997
2,098
5,671
6 ,0 2 2
11,562
12,098
12,587
13,064
13,497
8,778
8,896
9,156
9,545
9,859
9,019
8,985
8,918
8,862
8,773
6,127
6,137
6,233
6,287
6,348
1,644
1,565
1,589
1,658
1954........................................................................
1955.......................................................................
1956.......................................................................
1957.......................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959.......................................................................
16,110
17,113
17,899
18,109
18,022
18,512
486
509
575
568
518
605
869
892
920
941
915
909
1,964
2,030
2,047
1,985
3,329
3,394
3,418
3,393
3,267
3,233
3,825
3,976
4,188
4,236
4,185
4,270
3,197
3,530
3,756
3,942
4,052
4,291
1,850
2,079
2,263
2,287
2,348
2,475
590
703
732
717
725
745
I9 6 0 2.....................................................................
1961.......................................................................
19622.....................................................................
1963.......................................................................
1964.......................................................................
19,095
19,324
19,682
20,194
20,808
625
581
564
628
718
984
1,056
1 ,1 1 2
1,066
1,042
2,067
2,149
2,250
2,390
2,588
3,244
3*205
3,189
3,226
3,256
4,341
4,339
4,455
4,559
4,580
4,448
4,512
4,554
4,654
4,809
2,574
2,665
2,762
2,874
2,971
812
817
797
796
845
1965.......................................................................
1966.......................................................................
1967.......................................................................
1968.......................................................................
1969.......................................................................
21,601
22,689
23,528
24,340
25,470
733
807
843
874
962
1,217
1,456
1,422
1,413
1,476
2,727
2,958
3^262
3,461
3,781
3,394
3,594
3,832
4,095
4,327
4,678
4,730
4,797
4,864
4,891
4,880
5,043
5,131
5,289
5,509
3,118
3,260
3,388
3,465
3,588
856
842
854
878
935
1970.......................................................................
1971..................................................................:....
19722.....................................................................
19732.................................................................... .
1974...................................................................... .
26,025
26,217
27,305
28,448
29,281
1,011
1,007
1,104
1,207
1,257
1,493
1,503
1,646
1,748
1,801
3,955
4,048
4,255
4,516
4^651
4,536
4,656
5,184
5,749
6,232
4,891
4,834
4,898
5,043
5,178
5,582
5,586
5,605
5,624
5,700
3,637
3,661
3,689
3,647
3,606
921
922
924
915
855
1975.......................................................................
29,429
1 ,2 0 0
1,770
4,701
6,568
5,172
5,543
3,607
868
Males
1 ,0 0 2
1 ,6 6 8
2,211
2,279
2,242
6,300
6,560
6,692
1 ,6 8 6
Females
See footnotes at end of table.
42
2 ,0 2 2
2 ,0 1 2
Table 18. Employed persons by sex, race, and age, 1947-79
Continued
[In thousands]
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
30,739
32,156
33,943
35,304
1,242
1,298
1,396
1,396
1,863
1,927
1954........................................................................
1955........................................................................
1956.......... :.............................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
6,150
6,341
6,534
6,619
6,422
6,624
165
170
182
171
150
151
231
247
249
236
216
I9 6 0 2......................................................................
1961........................................................................
19622......................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
6,927
6,832
7,004
7,140
7,383
171
149
159
150
167
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969......................................:.................................
7,643
7,875
8 ,0 1 2
183
217
213
8,169
8,384
210
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
19722......................................................................
19732......................................................................
1974................................... .....................................
8,445
8,404
8,628
9,132
9,315
212
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
19782......................................................................
1979........................................................................
Sex, year, and race
2 0 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
WHITE— Continued
Fem ales— Continued
6 ,6 6 8
5,572
5,575
5,699
5,761
3,675
3,746
3,878
3,965
880
900
950
977
212
662
733
1,574
1,626
1,659
1,634
1,547
1,565
1,541
1,552
1,581
1,632
1,586
1,623
1,165
1,234
1,272
1,311
1,335
1,364
633
648
697
723
711
759
229
228
246
227
218
217
257
265
261
253
274
788
771
770
778
860
1,609
1,594
1,608
1,629
1,655
1 ,6 6 8
1,646
1,729
1,773
1,786
1,417
1,413
1,425
1,445
1,499
797
785
834
878
888
218
209
218
232
257
292
327
356
374
382
950
978
1,007
1,075
1,137
1,711
1,749
1,812
1,855
1,947
1,822
1,862
1,854
1,834
1,830
1,518
1,543
1,566
1,596
1,622
912
952
940
962
972
258
247
265
261
267
1,168
1,184
1,249
1,369
1,366
1,984
2,030
2,312
2,442
1,825
1,796
1,842
1,902
1,933
1,619
1,608
1,613
226
361
342
361
413
409
1,684
993
989
958
968
987
283
262
291
278
270
9,071
9,464
9,812
10,537
10,920
216
203
203
236
250
377
383
388
434
439
1,266
1,364
1,398
1,520
1,604
2,444
2,643
2,787
3,023
3,177
1,882
1,952
2,046
2,174
2,240
1,635
1,675
1,728
1,788
1,836
977
962
987
1,052
1,067
271
282
275
311
306
1954........................................................................
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
3,772
3,903
4,013
4,013
3,831
3,972
1 10
151
155
154
140
132
137
330
367
396
413
397
445
967
992
1,007
996
929
951
907
916
936
947
905
932
716
761
782
784
767
787
418
426
445
460
454
470
173
170
176
160
151
150
I9 6 0 2.......................................................................
1961........................................................................
19622.......................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
4,148
4,067
4,160
4,229
4,359
116
98
106
152
160
157
149
158
490
487
472
471
514
982
961
961
968
993
963
938
993
1,019
1,032
809
800
821
828
850
487
485
510
541
533
148
137
140
151
167
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969.........................................................................
4,496
4,588
4,646
4,702
4,770
126
145
139
134
141
181
194
199
1,013
1,035
1,057
1,090
1,127
1,043
1,044
1,043
1,032
219
558
571
578
586
611
869
875
898
904
908
543
571
566
576
572
165
153
166
167
169
1970.........................................................................
1971........................................................................
19722.......................................................................
19732.......................................................................
1974........................................................................
4,803
4,746
4,861
5,133
5,179
130
116
127
129
130
212
202
634
647
1,011
216
242
234
686
1,148
1,169
1,181
1,291
1,343
1 ,0 1 2
1,040
1,054
899
885
907
946
945
588
575
563
553
571
181
165
168
169
166
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977..............................:.........................................
19782.......................................................................
1979........................................................................
4,947
5,108
5,283
5,599
5,779
114
206
206
208
233
233
668
1,329
1,398
1,462
1,564
1,637
1,007
1,045
1,095
1,134
1,154
906
923
945
979
1,003
556
540
560
605
598
159
156
160
184
176
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
19782......................................................................
1979........................................................................
2 ,0 0 0
2,032
4,890
5,156
5,418
5,595
7,141
7,766
8,385
8,910
613
634
649
5,476
5,788
6,219
B L A C K AND OTH ER
227
191
204
222
686
2 ,1 1 0
1 ,6 6 8
Males
115
118
113
97
101
101
114
1 20
122
130
136
See footnotes at end of table.
43
212
764
736
720
731
770
841
1 ,0 2 2
986
Table 18. Employed persons by sex, race, and age, 1947-79'— Continued
[In thousands]
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
1954........................................................................
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
2,378
2,438
2,521
2,606
2,591
2,652
55
55
64
58
53
50
80
92
95
96
84
75
283
267
253
273
265
288
607
634
652
638
618
614
634
636
645
685
681
691
449
473
490
527
568
577
215
252
263
257
289
56
58
70
67
67
67
I9 6 0 2......................................................................
1961........................................................................
19622......................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
2,779
2,765
2,844
2,911
3,024
55
51
53
49
53
105
105
104
104
116
298
284
298
307
346
627
633
647
661
662
705
708
736
754
754
608
613
604
617
649
310
300
324
337
355
70
72
78
81
90
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
3,147
3,287
3,366
3,467
3,614
57
72
74
76
111
86
392
407
429
489
526
698
714
755
765
820
779
818
811
802
808
649
133
157
162
163
692
714
369
381
374
386
400
93
94
99
94
98
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
19722......................................................................
19732......................................................................
1974........................................................................
3,642
3,658
3,767
3,999
4,136
82
75
77
93
96
149
140
145
171
175
534
537
563
605
630
836
861
929
720
723
706
722
739
405
414
395
415
416
1 02
1,099
814
810
830
862
879
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
19782......................................................................
1979........................................................................
4,124
4,356
4,529
4,938
5,141
102
171
177
179
598
644
667
750
763
1,115
1,245
1,325
1,458
1,541
875
907
951
1,041
1,086
729
752
783
808
833
421
422
427
447
469
1 12
Sex, year, and race
2 0 to
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
B L A C K AND O T H E R — Continued
Females
83
81
106
114
1 See footnote 1 , table 3.
2 See footnote 1 , table 1 .
44
200
206
1,021
668
668
222
97
123
109
104
126
115
127
131
Table 19. Employment-population ratios1 by sex, age, and race, 1948-79
Total, 16
years and
over
Both
sexes, 16
to 19
years
Males, 20
years and
over
Females,
20 years
and over
White, 16
years and
over
Black
and
other, 16
years and
over
.........................................................................
.................................................................................
55.8
54.6
45.5
43.0
83.9
81.6
30.7
30.6
_
_
1950 ...............................................................................................
1951
.........................................................................
1952
.........................................................................
1 9 5 3 ................................................................................................
1954 ..............................................................................................
55.2
55.7
55.4
55.3
53.8
43.8
44.9
44.1
43.9
40.1
81.9
81.6
80.8
80.6
78.8
31.6
32.6
33.0
32.9
32.3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1955 ................................................ ...........................................
1956 ...............................................................................................
1 9 5 7 ................................................................................................
1 9 5 8 ............................................................................................
1959 ..............................................................................................
55.1
56.1
55.7
54.2
54.8
41.3
42.7
41.1
37.6
38.1
80.0
80.8
80.2
78.0
79.0
33.8
34.9
35.0
34.6
35.1
_
_
_
_
I960
............................................................. .............................
1961
............................................................................................
1962
.........................................................................
1 9 6 3 ...............................................................................................
1 9 6 4 ................................................................................................
54.9
54.2
54.2
54.1
54.5
39.0
37.5
37.6
35.8
35.8
78.7
77.6
77.4
77.3
77.7
35.7
35.5
35.8
36.2
36.9
_
54.0
54.3
_
_
55.2
56.0
1 9 6 5 ................................................................................................
1 9 6 6 ................................................................................................
1 9 6 7 ................................................................................................
1 9 6 8 ................................................................................................
1 9 6 9 ......... ......................................................................................
55.0
55.6
55.8
56.0
56.5
37.7
40.7
40.4
40.6
42.1
77.9
77.6
77.4
77.1
76.9
37.6
38.6
39.3
40.0
41.1
54.8
55.4
55.7
55.9
56.5
56.8
57.2
56.9
56.6
56.7
1 9 7 0 ................................................................................................
1 9 7 1 ................................................................................................
1972 .............................................................................................
1 97 3
.............................................................................................
1974 .............................................................. .............................
56.1
55.5
56.0
56.9
57.0
41.2
40.4
42.6
44.9
45.0
76.1
75.3
75.8
76.3
75.8
41.2
40.8
41.2
42.2
42.7
56.2
55.7
56.4
57.3
57.5
55.5
53.7
53.0
53.9
53.0
1975 .............................................................................................
1 9 7 6 ................................................................................................
1 9 7 7 ................................................................................................
1 9 7 8 ................................................................................................
1 9 7 9 .................................. .............................................................
55.3
56.1
57.1
58.6
59.3
42.3
43.3
45.2
47.6
47.9
72.9
73.2
73.7
74.6
74.7
42.3
43.5
44.7
46.5
47.7
55.9
56.8
57.9
59.3
60.0
50.0
50.6
51.1
53.3
53.6
Year
19 4 8
1949
1
tion.
Employment as a percent of the total noninstitutional popula
45
_
_
_
_
_
Table 20. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex, 1972-79
1972
Occupation
1974
1973
Black and
other
White
White
Black and
other
White
Black and
other
Males
Total, 16 years and over (thousands).....
Percent.........................................
Professional and technical workers...................
Medical and other h e a lth ...........................
Teachers, except co lleg e...........................
Other professional and te chn ical...............
Managers, and administrators, except farm .....
Salaried workers.........................................
Self-employed workers in retail trade........
Self-employed workers, except retail
trade.......................................................
Fe
males
Males
Fe
males
Males
Fe
males
Males
Fe
males
Males
Fe
males
Males
Fe
males
45,769
27,305
4,861
3,768
46,830
28,448
5,133
3,999
47,340
29,281
5,179
4,136
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 00 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 00 .0
11.2
14.2
1.4
1.7
14.9
3.8
6.5
4.6
8 .2
1.0
12.0
14.5
1.5
1.7
11.3
15.4
4.0
6.3
5.0
9.4
1.4
11.7
3.5
4.6
3.7
5.2
4.0
5.2
3.7
2 .6
.8
.6
5.3
4.2
.7
5.4
3.9
.8
14.8
11.9
1.4
.8
2.4
1.7
.5
14.3
1.5
1.7
14.9
3.9
8 .2
1.0
6 .6
11.1
4.5
1.3
5.8
14.0
4.8
3.7
4.8
3.5
2.3
11.1
1.4
.8
.8
.5
14.5
11.5
1.4
1.4
.4
.6
.2
1.5
.4
.7
.2
1.5
.4
.8
.2
1.8
1.0
.8
2 .8
6.5
2.4
4.1
7.5
6.3
2.1
1.2
2.5
2 .0
1.1
1.2
.9
.3
6.4
2.4
4.1
7.4
• 2.5
.3
2.7
2.4
.3
6.5
7.4
24.4
6.3
8 .0
7.3
16.4
.1
6 .2
36.4
13.5
7.4
.1
6.3
35.7
13.4
22.3
2 2 .8
7.2
1.5
14.9
1.1
21.4
1.5
0)
15.8
1.3
1.4
2.1
2.7
5.2
3.4
1.6
11.0
1.4
5.8
3.4
5.0
3.7
1.9
1.6
6.3
Sales workers....................................................
Retail trade.................................................
Other industries..........................................
6 .6
7.8
2.5
4.1
6 .6
1.2
Clerical workers.................................................
Stenographers, typists, and secretaries.....
Other clerical workers................................
6 .8
.2
6 .6
36.3
16.1
7.4
20.1
7.3
23.3
7.5
15.9
Craft and kindred workers.................................
Carpenters..................................................
Construction craftworkers, except car
penters....................................................
Mechanics and repairers............................
Metal craftworkers......................................
Blue-collar worker supervisors, n.e.c..........
All oth er......................................................
2 1 .2
2.1
1.3
0)
14.7
1.3
.9
21.5
0)
2 .2
()
1
1.2
4.4
5.6
0)
.1
—
0)
4.1
3.7
1.3
.1
.1
.1
4.5
5.8
2.3
.1
.1
.1
4.2
3.8
1.4
0)
.1
.1
1.6
2 .8
3.9
3.9
1.3
1.7
2.9
.1
.1
.1
.2
2 .6
.3
.7
4.1
.4
.9
1.8
.8
.1
.2
.6
4.6
5.7
2.3
2.7
4.1
3.3
.8
Operatives, except transport.............................
Durable goods manufacturing....................
Nondurable goods manufacturing..............
Other industries..........................................
12.1
12.5
4.2
6.5
1.9
16.5
8.5
4.3
3.6
15.0
3.8
7.8
3.4
12.3
16.4
4.7
8.3
3.4
11.8
6.1
2 .6
3.2
4.5
5.6
1.7
16.5
8.7
4.5
3.4
16.8
5.3
8.3
3.2
Transport equipment operatives.......................
Drivers, motor v eh icles...............................
All oth er......................................................
5.7
4.9
.4
.4
0)
9.5
7.6
1.9
5.6
4.8
.9
.5
.5
0)
9.1
7.3
1.8
.4
.4
0)
Nonfarm laborers..............................................
Construction...............................................
Manufacturing............................................
Other industries..........................................
6 .8
16.8
4.0
4.2
1.0
15.1
1.2
1.6
.9
(x)
.3
3.8
.6
8 .6
.4
.5
Private household workers.................................
.1
3.0
.2
Service workers, except private household......
Food service w orkers.................................
Protective service w orkers.........................
All o ther......................................................
7.3
16.2
7.3
15.6
3.4
.2
3.4
Farmers and farm m anagers.............................
Farm laborers and supervisors..........................
Paid w orkers..............................................
Unpaid family w o rkers................................
2 .2
2.7
.4.1
.3
.1
.1
.4
.9
—
6 .2
2 .8
12.9
4.8
6.3
3.3
1.8
17.4
8.9
4.8
3.6
.3
.3
0)
5.7
4.9
.5
.5
0)
9.1
7.2
1.9
.5
.4
.9
6 .8
.9
1.4
0)
1.6
.3
3.7
.6
16.3
3.7
4.3
8.3
1.2
0)
.5
.7
15.2
(x)
2.9
.1
16.4
7.3
15.3
3.7
.2
2 .2
8.7
26.8
7.6
.3
18.8
7.1
2 .2
10.0
3.2
9.0
3.4
.4
1.0
.1
3.2
1.7
1.4
.3
1.5
.4
3.4
3.3
1.1
.1
1.1
1.0
.1
1.7
1.4
.3
5.9
2 .8
3.4
.8
1.5
1.8
2.1
See footnote at end of table.
.1
2 .2
46
.8
1.8
2.1
.1
6.9
M.3
6.1
1.2
11.8
.9
.2
24.9
7.4
17.5
—
3.9
3.2
.4
.7
4.2
7.7
.5
.7
12.9
0)
2.5
.1
11.3
7.2
16.7
7.4
9.4
25.2
7.6
.3
17.4
3.2
9.0
15.2
3.8
2.5
8.9
26.1
7.6
.4
18.0
.3
1.1
.1
3.1
.3
1.2
0)
1.3
.4
.9
2 .8
1.2
1.0
.2
1.8
1.6
1.2
2 .8
.4
2.7
.3
.8
.2
1.1
.8
.2
2.7
.1
—
1.6
1.8
2 .2
.2
—
—
Table 20. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex, 1972-79— Continued
1975
White
Black and
other
Occupation
1977
1976
White
Black and
other
White
Black and
other
Males
Fe
males
Males
Fe
males
Males
Fe
males
Males
Fe
males
Males
Fe
males
Males
Fe
males
Total, 16 years and over (thousands).....
Percent.........................................
46,284
29,429
4,947
4,124
47,282
30,739
5,108
4,356
48,578
32,156
5,283
4,529
1 00 .0
1 00 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 0 .0
Professional and technical workers...................
Medical and other h e alth ...........................
Teachers, except co lleg e...........................
Other professional and techn ical...............
15.1
1.5
16.0
4.2
6.5
5.4
9.9
13.3
4.0
5.3
4.0
15.3
16.2
4.3
6.4
5.5
9.6
15.1
1.7
1.7
16.1
4.4
9.6
6 .0
1.2
1.2
7.2
14.2
4.0
5.5
4.7
11.8
5.8
7.2
14.3
4.2
5.1
5.0
5.5
4.4
14.8
2.4
.3
6.3
5.1
6.4
4.9
.8
5.8
4.3
.7
12.0
1.4
5.9
4.5
.7
2 .8
12.0
1.3
.8
.8
2.9
2.3
.4
.1
1.5
.4
.7
.2
7.3
5.8
2 .6
2 .6
2 .2
1.6
1.3
1.3
35.9
7.7
12.8
.2
23.1
7.5
Managers, and administrators, except farm ......
Salaried workers.........................................
Self-employed workers in retail trade........
Self-employed workers, except retail
trade........................................................
1.8
11.8
14.8
1.6
1.3
7.0
11.9
15.0
2 .6
2.1
12.2
5.9
4.8
0)
1.3
.8
1.2
1.1
1.5
.4
.7
3.0
6.4
2.5
2 .2
1.2
1.2
2.1
4.1
7.3
5.9
1.4
2.4
2 .6
.4
6.4
2.3
4.1
25.1
7.3
17.8
6 .2
.1
6 .0
36.2
13.2
22.9
7.6
7.4
26.0
7.6
18.5
6.1
.1
6 .0
1.3
0)
21.1
2 .0
1.6
15.3
1.1
15.5
1.0
—
21.5
2.3
1.7
P)
P)
1.0
.1
.1
.1
3.8
4.1
P)
4.4
7.1
4.4
4.8
1.2
.1
.2
.1
.8
.2
.1
.3
.5
2.7
3.8
.4
1.0
1.9
2.7
.4
.7
15.3
4.7
7.8
11.3
4.8
2.4
4.0
10.6
14.8
5.9
4.0
4.8
15.5
4.6
7.7
3.3
.7
.4
.3
P)
9.3
7.4
1.9
P)
1.5
.8
.6
0)
Sales workers....................................................
Retail trade.................................................
Other industries..........................................
6.5
2.3
4.2
7.5
6.1
2.4
1.4
.9
.5
Clerical workers.................................................
Stenographers, typists, and secretaries.....
Other clerical workers................................
6.4
Craft and kindred workers.................................
Carpenters..................................................
Construction craftworkers, except car
penters....................................................
Mechanics and repairers............................
Metal craftworkers......................................
Blue-collar worker supervisors, n.e.c..........
All o ther......................................................
2 1 .0
2 .0
1.3
1.6
1.8
36.5
13.6
22.9
7.9
1.5
15.0
P)
1.1
.1
3.7
3.8
1.4
1.5
3.4
0)
.1
.1
4.4
5.8
2.3
.4
.7
2 .6
.3
1.6
1.6
4.0
.1
.1
.4
.9
3.9
1.0
3.2
Operatives, except transport.............................
Durable goods manufacturing....................
Nondurable goods manufacturing..............
Other industries..........................................
4.2
5.8
2.4
2.9
10.5
3.5
5.1
1.7
15.1
7.6
4.0
3.6
14.9
4.3
7.4
3.1
11.3
5.6
2.4
3.3
10.7
4.0
5.0
15.9
Transport equipment operatives.......................
Drivers, motor veh icles...............................
All other......................................................
5.6
4.8
.6
.5
.5
.4
5.5
4.7
.6
.6
.8
P)
8.7
7.1
1.7
P)
.8
Nonfarm laborers..............................................
Construction...............................................
Manufacturing.............................................
Other industries..........................................
6 .6
1.2
1.1
1.5
3.9
p)
.7
14.9
3.2
4.0
7.7
1.7
0)
.4
.7
Private household workers.................................
P)
2.4
.1
1 0.6
7.7
16.2
3.8
2.7
9.7
.1
6.3
4.4
5.8
2.3
2 .6
P)
.2
7.6
1.6
.2
8 .2
4.1
3.6
.1
.1
2 .8
.4
.3
3.8
5.0
1.7
1.3
—
P>
P)
P)
5.7
4.8
.9
6 .8
1.2
1.1
14.3
1.4
6 .8
1.1
14.4
1.2
2 .6
P)
.3
.7
3.8
7.9
.5
.9
1.4
1.5
4.0
P)
2 .6
1.5
4.0
P)
.3
3.8
P)
.8
8 .0
.6
0)
2 .2
.2
9.4
P)
2 .2
.2
8.9
26.6
7.9
2 .2
16.8
7.6
.4
18.1
2.3
3.5
.2
16.6
4.1
2.5
2 .2
2 .2
16.7
7.6
.3
8.9
10.0
26.0
7.9
.3
7.8
7.9
8 .0
3.4
8 .8
16.3
4.0
2.7
9.6
26.0
7.8
.4
17.8
.9
P)
2.7
.3
.7
P)
2.5
2.4
.9
.7
.1
.2
.6
2.3
3.4
17.1
7.5
0)
9.4
Farmers and farm m anagers............... .............
3.1
.3
1.1
0)
2.9
.3
Farm laborers and supervisors..........................
Paid w orkers..............................................
Unpaid family w o rkers................................
1.8
1.1
2 .8
1.0
2.7
.8
1.6
1.1
.4
.7
2.7
.7
.3
1.7
1.5
1.1
1.5
.3
.4
.7
2 .6
.1
.7
1.4
.2
.2
.4
.7
0)
See footnote at end of table.
26.0
7.3
18.7
8 .8
6 .8
2 .0
Service workers, except private household.......
Food service w o rkers.................................
Protective service w orkers.........................
All o ther......................................................
2 .0
.4
47
.2
.5
Table 20. Employed persons by occupation, race, and sex, 1972-79— Continued
1979
1978
White
Black and
other
Occupation
Black and
other
White
Males
Fe
males
Males
Fe
males
Males
Fe
males
Males
Fe
males
Total, 16 years and over (thousands)................................................................
Percent...,.................................................................................................
49,893
33,943
5,599
4,938
50,721
35,304
5,779
5,141
1 00 .0
1 00 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 00 .0
1 00 .0
1 00 .0
100 .0
1 00 .0
Professional and technical workers...............................................................................
Medical and other health.......................................................................................
Teachers, except college.......................................................................................
Other professional and technical...........................................................................
15.3
1.7
9.8
1.3
16.4
4.6
5.5
10.5
1.3
11.9
6 .0
7.4
13.9
4.1
4.8
5.0
15.6
1.7
1.6
15.9
4.4
5.6
14.2
4.3
4.9
5.0
Managers, and administrators, except farm ............................................... ..................
Salaried workers.....................................................................................................
Self-employed workers in retail trade.................................................... ................
Self-employed workers, except retail trade............................................................
14.8
6.5
5.4
6.5
5.1
14.9
12.3
.8
.8
2.9
2.5
.3
1.5
.4
.7
.1
1.5
Sales workers.................................................................................................................
Retail tra d e.............................................................................................................
Other industries......................................................................................................
6.3
7.4
5.6
2 .6
1.1
3.1
2.3
6.4
2.2
4.1
1.8
1.4
Clerical w o rkers.......................................................................................... ..................
Stenographers, typists, and secretaries.................................................................
Other clerical w orkers............................................................................................
6 .0
.1
35.7
5.9
23.1
Craft and kindred w orkers................................... .........................................................
Carpenters..............................................................................................................
Construction craftworkers, except carpenters........................................................
Mechanics and repairers........................................................................................
Metal craftworkers..................................................................................................
Blue-collar worker supervisors, n.e.c.....................................................................
All other..................................................................................................................
21.7
2.4
4.5
12.1
1.2
1.1
1.6
12.2
6 .2
1.1
8.1
5.7
.7
.4
6.9
5.6
.7
.7
3.4
2.9
.4
7.4
5.4
2.5
1.3
3.1
2 .2
.8
4.2
2 .0
1.2
.9
7.8
.3
7.5
27.2
7.8
19.3
6 .0
.1
35.9
12.3
23.6
7.6
29.0
1.9
0)
15.4
2 2 .0
.1
.1
.1
3.9
4.3
1.4
1.9
2.7
1.3
H
n
.1
.1
.2
.8
6 .2
12.6
6.1
2 .2
2 .8
.5
3.7
1.0
Operatives, except transport.........................................................................................
Durable goods manufacturing...... .........................................................................
Nondurable goods manufacturing..........................................................................
Other industries......................................................................................................
11.4
5.7
2.5
3.2
10.5
4.1
4.9
Transport equipment operatives....................................................................................
Drivers, motor vehicles...........................................................................................
All other...................................... ............................................................................
56
4.7
.7
.8
Nonfarm laborers...........................................................................................................
Construction.......................................................... .................................................
Manufacturing................................................. .......................................................
Other industries......................................................................................................
7.0
1.4
1.5
4.0
Private household w orkers............................................................................................
Service workers, except private household...................... ...........................................
Food service workers.............................................................................................
Protective service workers......................................................................................
All other................................................... ...............................................................
2 .2
2.2
1.2
15.7
7.8
4.3
3.6
15.3
5.2
7.3
.6
8.9
7.2
.5
.5
0)
1.8
(')
1.2
.1
1.4
0)
.8
13.6
2.9
3.6
7.2
0)
2 .2
7.8
1.6
2.8
1.1
5.8
2.4
4.6
6 .8
.2
2 .2
.2
8.1
7.4
20.9
1.9
0)
16.6
1.2
1.1
4.4
4.5
0)
.1
.1
.1
.5
1.9
3.1
.3
15.4
7.6
4.0
3.7
14.7
5.5
6.7
2.4
2.3
2.9
3.7
1.1
11.2
10.2
5.6
2.4
3.2
4.2
4.5
1.5
5.6
4.7
.9
.8
1.6
{')
.1
.1
.6
.7
8.5
6.9
.1
1.6
1.3
.6
.8
6.7
1.4
1.4
3.9
1.6
.1
.6
.8
12.7
2.7
3.1
6.9
.1
7.7
e>
2 .0
.1
6 .8
15.8
3.9
25.8
7.5
7.7
16.1
.6
9.1
17.7
3.2
7.3
.3
8.5
15.7
3.9
2 .8
2 .2
2 .2
3.4
16.6
7.6
.3
8.7
9.2
24.6
7.1
.5
17.0
Farmers and farm managers.........................................................................................
2 .6
.4
.8
.1
2.5
.4
.6
.1
Farm laborers and supervisors......................................................................................
Paid w orkers...........................................................................................................
Unpaid family w orkers............................................................................................
1.5
1.4
1.0
3.0
3.0
.7
1.5
1.3
.6
.1
2 .8
.1
.7
.7
.2
.9
.4
.5
2.9
.4
1 Less than 0.05 percent.
48
.4
.6
.1
.2
.1
.4
2 .6
.6
.5
0)
.9
.1
Table 21. Employed persons by detailed occupation, 1974-79
[In thousands]
Total employed
Occupation
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Total, 16 years and over.................................................................................................
85,936
84,783
87,485
90,546
94,373
96,945
White-collar workers..................................................................................................................
41,738
42,227
43,700
45,187
47,205
49,342
Professional and technical..................................................................................................
Accountants................................................................................................................
A rchitects....................................................................................................................
Computer specialists...............................:...................................................................
Computer programers..........................................................................................
Computer systems analysts.................................................................................
Engineers....................................................................................................................
Aeronautical and astronautical............................................................................
Chemical engineers................................................. ............................................
Civil engineers........................................................................................ ..............
Electrical and electronic engineers......................................................................
Industrial engineers..............................................................................................
Mechanical engineers..........................................................................................
Lawyers and judges....................................................................................................
Librarians, archivists, and curators.............................................................................
Life and physical scientists.........................................................................................
Biological scientists..............................................................................................
Chem ists..............................................................................................................
Operations and systems researchers and analysts....................................................
Personnel and labor relations workers........ ...............................................................
Physicians, dentists, and related practitioners............................................................
Dentists..................................................................................... ..........................
Pharmacists..........................................................................................................
Physicians, medical and osteopathic...................................................................
Nurses, dietitians, and therapists................................................................................
Registered nu rse s................................................................................................
Therapists.............................................................................................................
Health technologists and technicians.........................................................................
Clinical lab technologists and technicians............................................................
Radiological technologists and technicians.........................................................
Religious w orkers........................................................................................................
Social scientists...........................................................................................................
Econom ists...........................................................................................................
Psychologists.......................................................................................................
Social and recreation w orkers.....................................................................................
Social workers......................................................................................................
Recreation w prkers..............................................................................................
Teachers, college and university................................................................................
Teachers, except college and university.....................................................................
Adult education teachers.....................................................................................
Elementary school teachers.................................................................................
Prekindergarten and kindergarten teachers.........................................................
Secondary school teachers..................................................................................
Engineering and science technicians.........................................................................
Chemical technicians...........................................................................................
Drafters................................................................................................................
Electrical and electronic engineering technicians...............................................
Surveyors..............................................................................................................
Technicians, except health, engineering and science................................................
Airplane p ilo ts......................................................................................................
Vocational and educational counselors.......................................................................
Writers, artists, and entertainers.................................................................................
Athletes and kindred w orkers..............................................................................
Designers..............................................................................................................
Editors and reporters...........................................................................................
Musicians and com posers....................................................................................
Painters and sculptors.........................................................................................
Photographers......................................................................................................
Public relations specialists and publicity writers..................................................
Research workers, not specified.................................................................................
All other professional and technical w orkers.............................................................
12,338
803
71
311
199
97
1,168
53
59
167
287
193
183
359
180
246
44
12,748
782
70
363
223
13,329
13,692
866
868
63
387
229
137
1,190
51
53
155
300
58
371
14,245
975
69
428
247
152
1,265
59
50
160
329
206
216
499
15,050
1,045
84
534
321
177
1,385
64
56
162
356
245
237
499
Managers and administrators, except farm .......................................................................
Bank officers and financial m anagers........................................................................
Buyers and purchasing ag ents....................................................................................
Buyers, wholesale and retail trade.......................................................................
Credit and collection managers..................f................................................................
Health administrators..................................................................................................
Inspectors, except construction and public administration.........................................
Managers and superintendents, buildings................................ ..................................
8,941
510
370
160
See footnote at end of table.
49
121
113
321
643
1 22
1,150
51
46
160
290
187
200
392
190
277
54
131
124
326
647
1 00
1 10
127
346
1,068
904
132
371
155
82
278
179
95
58
402
300
119
354
1,126
935
157
397
177
79
304
189
99
61
402
296
107
543
3,022
56
1,332
214
1,184
896
76
301
177
70
154
60
144
1,055
106
125
177
139
146
76
115
95
54
1 02
518
2,957
60
1,297
191
1,186
887
83
298
173
73
160
69
126
1 ,0 0 0
93
129
156
140
149
78
104
79
54
66
150
8,891
518
370
146
57
152
111
1 12
143
148
201
200
413
192
282
51
123
130
335
671
107
123
368
1,203
999
159
436
192
80
328
201
104
70
447
328
119
537
3,099
56
1,383
228
1,188
897
77
292
197
69
183
64
173
1,099
96
142
183
150
153
87
115
96
221
129
1,267
54
54
171
324
214
215
462
208
275
55
124
1 22
370
724
105
138
403
1,285
1,063
178
462
194
85
347
224
106
92
444
325
119
562
3,024
76
1,313
231
1,157
892
78
283
194
68
186
64
175
1,141
105
146
185
154
177
81
1 20
111
202
273
58
118
129
405
756
117
136
424
1,351
1 ,1 1 2
189
498
208
97
325
255
118
106
505
385
121
562
2,992
81
1,304
229
1,154
985
76
296
227
82
173
69
171
1,193
101
161
184
149
186
93
131
122
101
114
54
9,315
546
376
157
53
162
114
149
9,662
543
372
162
54
175
103
151
10,105
573
370
170
49
184
98
157
201
280
55
125
156
413
787
131
135
431
1,488
1,223
207
534
217
104
339
238
119
91
477
361
116
545
3,118
76
1,374
234
1,213
1,039
84
305
251
85
197
72
167
1,243
105
179
201
145
189
107
130
159
64
10,516
620
451
200
55
185
104
152
Table 21. Employed persons by detailed occupation, 1974-79— Continued
[In thousands]
Total employed
Occupation
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Office managers, n.e.c....................................................
Officials and administrators, public administration, n.e.c
Officials of lodges, societies, un ion s..............................
Restaurant, cafeteria, and bar managers.......................
Sales managers and department heads, retail tra d e.....
Sales managers, except retail trade...............................
School administrators.....................................................
All other managers and administrators..........................
321
356
89
493
315
313
352
5,352
302
361
102
501
315
305
366
5,282
327
367
126
505
322
305
397
5,566
343
401
118
548
345
321
391
5,797
370
420
121
589
343
330
383
6,118
416
414
113
632
339
347
415
6,273
Sales workers........................................................................
Advertising agents and sales workers............................
Demonstrators................................................................
Hucksters and p ed d lers.................................................
Insurance agents, brokers, underwriters........................
Newspaper carriers and vendors...................................
Real estate agents and brokers.....................................
Stock and bond sales agents.........................................
Sales workers and sales clerks, n.e.c............................
Sales representatives, manufacturing industries............
Sales representatives, wholesale trade..........................
Sales clerks, retail trade.................................................
Sales workers, except clerks, retail trade......................
Sales workers, services and construction......................
5,417
72
87
201
466
75
394
99
4,022
357
768
2,292
466
136
5,460
78
92
179
504
81
414
104
4,002
366
761
2,307
442
126
5,497
88
92
176
489
98
451
91
4,008
347
808
2,277
446
130
5,728
81
92
198
500
110
502
98
4,141
336
850
2,316
486
154
5,951
96
96
203
548
93
555
109
4,247
386
840
2,338
513
169
6,163
95
88
193
534
98
616
122
4,410
398
904
2,362
549
197
Clerical and kindred workers.................................................
Bank tellers.....................................................................
Billing clerks....................................................................
Bookkeepers...................................................................
Cashiers..........................................................................
Clerical supervisors, n.e.c..............................................
Collectors, bill and a cco u n t............................................
Counter clerks, except food............................................
Dispatchers and starters, vehicle...................................
Enumerators and interviewers........................................
Estimators and investigators, n.e.c.................................
Expediters and production controllers............................
File clerks.......................................................................
Insurance adjusters, examiners, and investigators........
Library attendants and assistants..................................
Mail carriers, post office.................................................
Mail handlers, except post o ffice...................................
Messengers and office helpers......................................
Office machine operators...............................................
Bookkeeping and billing machine operators...........
Computer and peripheral equipment operators.......
Key punch operators...............................................
Payroll and timekeeping clerks.......................................
Postal c le rk s ...................................................................
Receptionists..................................................................
Secretaries......................................................................
Secretaries, legal............................................................
Secretaries, m e dical.......................................................
Shipping and receiving clerks.........................................
Statistical c le rk s .............................................................
Stenographers................................................................
Stock clerks and storekeepers.......................................
Teacher aides, except school m onitors.........................
Telephone operators.......................................................
Ticket, station, and express agents...............................
T y p ists............................................................................
All other clerical workers................................................
15,043
351
157
1,690
1,111
229
63
347
91
53
369
199
276
125
134
267
147
76
662
58
246
249
204
293
459
3,189
135
79
465
324
103
488
250
390
121
1,038
1,372
15,128
350
144
1,689
1,180
226
71
327
92
43
383
211
264
150
144
252
143
76
714
59
295
250
199
290
460
3,245
133
78
428
326
100
473
288
344
136
1,025
1,359
15,558
371
139
1,688
1,256
237
64
354
88
48
416
207
269
156
141
242
138
81
726
48
287
276
208
287
502
3,385
140
86
440
337
100
492
320
339
124
983
1,420
16,106
408
156
1,726
1,326
226
71
343
99
54
451
215
274
168
142
242
147
93
759
52
302
280
227
267
531
3,421
153
90
467
357
83
497
320
342
129
1,006
1,559
16,904
449
168
1,830
1,403
204
78
377
97
53
451
224
273
169
172
256
162
87
827
45
393
273
241
267
588
3,590
162
83
461
377
94
507
342
311
128
1,044
1,674
17,613
493
162
1,910
1,477
237
74
362
107
60
496
239
305
173
165
253
167
92
904
57
453
274
236
259
600
3,729
153
85
484
400
76
529
350
327
144
1,020
1,783
Blue-collar workers............................................. .........................
29,776
27,962
28,958
30,211
31,531
32,066
Craft and kindred w orkers.....................................................
Carpenters......................................................................
Brickmasons and stonem asons.....................................
Cement and concrete finishers........................ .............
Electricians.....................................................................
Excavating, grading, and road machinery operators.....
Painters, construction and m aintenance........................
Plumbers and pipefitters................................................
Roofers and s la te rs.......................................................
Structural metal craft w orkers.......................................
11,477
1,073
169
92
526
403
456
395
92
86
10,972
988
160
82
534
397
420
386
80.
75
11,278
1,021
177
71
572
418
413
400
89
71
11,881
1,171
177
72
588
406
461
429
100
68
12,386
1,253
204
83
590
425
484
428
114
78
12,880
1,276
205
82
640
444
483
450
148
86
See footnote at end of table.
50
Table 21. Employed persons by detailed occupation, 1974-79— Continued
[In thousands]
Total employed
Occupation
1974
Blue-collar worker supervisors, n.e.c......... ................................................................
Machinists and job setters..........................................................................................
Job and die setters, m etal...................................................................................
Machinists............................................................................................................
Metal craft workers, excluding mechanics, machinists, and job setters........... .........
Millwrights.............................................................................................................
Molders, m etal.....................................................................................................
Sheetmetal workers and tinsmiths..............................................................................
Tool- and die-m akers...........................................................................................
Mechanics, automobile...............................................................................................
Automobile body repairers...................................................................................
Automobile m echanics.........................................................................................
Mechanics, except automobile....................................................................................
Air conditioning, heating, and refrigeration..........................................................
Aircraft m echanics................................................................................................
Data processing machine repairers.....................................................................
Farm implement...................................................................................................
Heavy equipment mechanics, including d ie se l....................................................
Household appliance and accessory installers and m echanics..........................
Office machine repairers.....................................................................................
Radio and television repairers.............................................................................
Railroad and carshop m echanics........................................................................
Printing craft workers..................................................................................................
Compositors and typesetters...............................................................................
Printing press operatives.....................................................................................
Bakers..........................................................................................................................
Cabinetmakers.............................................................................................................
Carpet installers.............................................. ............................................................
Crane, derrick, and hoist operators............................................................................
Decorators and window dressers................................................................................
Electric powerline and cable installers and repairers.................................................
Locomotive engineers.................................................................................................
Stationary engineers...................................................................................................
Inspectors, n.e.c..........................................................................................................
Tailors..........................................................................................................................
Telephone installers and repairers.............................................................................
Telephone line installers and repairers.......................................................................
Upholsterers................................................................................................................
All other craft w orkers.................................................................................................
1,457
558
97
452
648
94
62
162
177
1,041
145
896
1,914
208
129
50
61
796
137
65
134
51
386
166
139
107
74
65
176
Operatives, except transport..............................................................................................
A ssem ble rs.................................................................................... ............................
Bottling and canning operatives..................................................................................
Checkers, examiners, and inspectors, manufacturing................................................
Clothing ironers and pressers.....................................................................................
Cutting operatives, n.e.c..............................................................................................
Dressmakers, except factory......................................................................................
Drillers, earth...............................................................................................................
Dry wall installers and lath ers....................................................................................
Filers, polishers, sanders, and b uffers........................................................................
Furnace tenders, smelters, and pourers, m etal........................................ .................
Garage workers and gas station attendants................................. ............................
Graders and sorters, manufacturing...........................................................................
Laundry and dry cleaning operatives, n.e.c................................................................
Meat cutters and butchers, excluding manufacturing.................................................
Meat cutters and butchers, manufacturing.................................................................
Meat wrappers, retail trade.........................................................................................
Mine operatives, n .e .c................................................................................................
Mixing operatives........................................................................................................
Packers and wrappers, excluding meat and p rodu ce................................................
Painters, manufactured articles...................................................................................
Photographic process workers....................................................................................
Precision machine operatives.....................................................................................
Drill press operatives...........................................................................................
Grinding machine operatives...............................................................................
Lathe and milling machine operatives.................................................................
Punch and stamping press operatives.............................................................. .........
Saw yers.......................................................................................................................
Sewers and stitchers..................................................................................................
Shoemaking machine operatives................................................................................
Furnance tenders and stokers, except m etal.............................................................
Textile operatives........................................................................................................
Spinners, twisters, and w inders...........................................................................
W elders and flame cutters..........................................................................................
10,627
1,139
48
757
143
260
128
51
83
137
77
397
44
176
See footnote at end of table.
101
137
48
193
138
63
349
80
62
588
202
80
51
148
97
661
164
83
431
69
152
137
170
119
858
65
69
392
141
646
1975
1976
164
937
1,795
171
1,443
570
92
478
629
96
55
145
188
1,124
174
949
1,853
178
1 20
1 10
57
60
756
141
58
124
53
375
154
146
123
77
61
169
95
116
56
190
134
51
314
60
63
525
50
67
833
144
58
114
51
380
152
149
137
78
70
167
109
1,393
557
96
461
594
79
52
144
174
1 ,1 0 2
9,637
1,015
41
652
141
200
121
50
59
113
62
450
' 47
192
207
1 00
46
183
91
592
129
78
360
61
132
118
130
108
803
67
72
302
1 12
654
1 10
47
194
151
53
282
65
70
514
10,085
1,088
49
654
155
237
125
54
64
115
73
448
41
166
215
98
46
187
87
591
137
75
353
65
133
106
155
129
812
73
73
377
152
659
1977
1,554
576
97
478
653
97
53
154
193
1,161
179
981
2,019
194
118
50
67
910
149
69
134
53
389
166
153
106
85
72
169
124
107
47
183
152
43
279
68
70
552
10,354
1,136
54
684
132
252
119
62
77
119
76
427
41
165
187
88
44
200
88
610
152
83
372
62
126
121
152
130
820
77
72
389
168
639
1978
1,671
591
98
493
622
95
54
153
182
1,209
184
1,024
2,126
210
132
63
62
950
145
63
131
49
417
181
169
128
78
68
156
125
111
54
179
139
45
297
77
59
575
10,875
1,164
56
736
126
263
116
51
105
129
61
416
44
174
204
114
45
177
85
675
182
96
386
64
129
125
156
138
814
78
71
374
151
679
1979
1,739
642
90
552
649
112
57
158
184
1,272
192
1,081
2,178
224
124
91
66
954
156
69
131
57
455
186
192
140
76
78
164
129
114
55
192
137
35
302
82
56
571
10,909
1,289
45
746
116
263
109
51
111
134
62
369
39
185
219
89
53
185
80
626
185
89
405
67
143
123
158
135
810
75
68
340
133
713
Table 21. Employed persons by detailed occupation, 1974-79— Continued
[In thousands]
Total employed
Occupation
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Winding operatives, n.e.c............................................................................................
All other operatives, except transport........................................................................
75
2,876
60
2,559
57
2,703
58
2,849
68
3,181
66
3,186
Transport equipment operatives........................................................................................
Busdrivers....................................................................................................................
Delivery and route w orkers.........................................................................................
Fork lift and tow motor operatives..............................................................................
Railroad switch operators...........................................................................................
Taxicab drivers and chauffers....................................................................................
Truckdrivers................................................................................................................
All other transport equipment o p e ratives...................................................................
3,292
265
595
347
51
17
1,752
108
3,219
310
583
314
53
161
1,694
105
3,271
332
521
356
52
164
1,741
105
3,476
339
516
391
51
167
1,898
114
3,541
337
579
363
52
172
1,923
115
3,612
358
580
386
46
164
1,965
113
Nonfarm laborers...............................................................................................................
Animal caretakers.......................................................................................................
Construction laborers, including carpenters he lpe rs..................................................
Freight and material handlers.....................................................................................
Garbage collectors......................................................................................................
Gardeners and groundskeepers..................................................................................
Longshore workers and stevedores...........................................................................
Timber cutting and logging workers............................................................................
Stockhandlers.............................................................................................................
Vehicle washers and equipment c lean ers..................................................................
Warehouse laborers, n.e.c..........................................................................................
All other nonfarm laborers..........................................................................................
4,380
87
765
801
93
542
51
94
827
178
213
629
4,134
101
765
721
87
579
42
79
815
161
204
580
4,325
93
790
747
77
615
42
96
828
186
223
628
4,500
90
869
783
73
597
43
98
856
191
235
665
4,729
83
953
798
79
614
36
90
915
199
262
736
4,665
97
930
780
65
615
40
96
919
187
258
718
Service w orkers.........................................................................................................................
Private households.............................................................................................................
Child-care w orkers......................................................................................................
Housekeepers..............................................................................................................
Cleaners and servants.................................................................................................
All other private household workers.......... .................................................................
Service workers, except private household........................................................................
Cleaning service w orkers............................................................................................
Lodging quarters cleaners....................................................................................
Janitors and sextons............................................................................................
Building interior cleaners, n.e.c............................................................................
Food service w orkers..................................................................................................
Bartenders.............................. .............................................................................
C o o k s ...................................................................................................................
Dishwashers.........................................................................................................
Food counter and fountain w orkers....... .............................................................
Waiters and waiters’ assistants...........................................................................
W aiters..........................................................................................................
Health $ervice workers................................................................................................
Dental assistants..................................................................................................
Health aides and trainees, excluding nursing......................................................
Nursing aides, orderlies, and attendants.............................................................
Practical nu rses...................................................................................................
Personal service workers............................................................................................
Attendants............................................................................................................
B arb ers................................................................................................................
Child-care workers................................................................................................
Hairdressers and cosm etologists........................................................................
Housekeepers, excluding private household.......................................................
Welfare service aides...........................................................................................
Protective service w orkers..........................................................................................
Crossing guards and bridge tenders....................................................................
Firefighters............................................................................................................
G u a rd s.................................................................................................................
P o lic e ...................................................................................................................
Sheriffs and bailiffs...............................................................................................
11,373
1,228
496
91
588
53
10,145
2,136
193
1,230
714
3,538
233
955
208
351
1,343
1,182
1,612
107
195
959
349
1,606
273
127
409
498
111
58
1,254
50
219
473
454
52
11,657
1,171
435
87
599
50
10,486
2,210
191
1,269
750
3,640
247
1,001
222
372
1,347
1,183
1,718
12§
219
1,001
370
1,628
236
124
422
504
105
62
1,290
48
221
492
473
51
12,005
1,125
429
109
553
34
10,880
2,284
181
1,318
785
3,919
261
1,065
251
421
1,450
1,259
1,745
122
240
1,002
381
1,631
288
124
381
534
121
59
1,302
46
212
497
487
57
12,392
1,158
443
106
574
35
11,234
2,363
178
1,356
829
4,095
272
1,106
257
454
1,502
1,310
1,747
123
245
1,008
371
1,705
295
118
442
526
127
77
1,324
48
225
490
498
60
12,839
1,162
486
118
530
28
11,677
2,430
179
1,389
862
4,283
282
1,186
240
463
1,598
1,383
1,846
130
276
1,037
402
1,760
306
121
425
542
135
96
1,358
45
221
548
475
60
12,834
1,088
474
97
485
32
11,746
2,450
178
1,374
899
4,300
296
1,251
241
444
1,548
1,363
1,818
134
281
1,024
376
1,772
286
109
441
575
139
103
1,409
42
236
569
484
68
Farmworkers..............................................................................................................................
Farmers and farm managers..............................................................................................
Farmers (owners and tenants)....................................................................................
Farm laborers and supervisors..........................................................................................
Farm laborers, wage w orkers.....................................................................................
Farm laborers, unpaid family w orkers........................................................................
3,048
1,643
1,610
1,405
983
376
2,936
1,593
1,560
1,343
935
367
2,822
1,514
1,489
1,309
942
326
2,756
1,459
1,427
1,296
936
323
2,798
1,480
1,445
1,318
972
299
2,703
1,446
1,405
1,257
930
286
N o t e : The abbreviation “ n.e.c.” stands for “ not elsewhere classified” and
designates broad categories of occupations that cannot be more specifically
identified.
52
Table 22. Employed persons by industry and occupation, 1976-79
[Percent distribution]
Year and industry
Oper Trans
port
atives,
ex
equip
ment
cept
trans oper
atives
port
Non
farm
labor
ers
Pri
vate
house
hold
work
ers
Serv
ice
work
ers,
except
private
house
holds
0.3
31.0
4.0
38.6
37.6
40.0
2.7
5.8
5.3
5.9
.1
.1
2.8
.4
3.9
.9
1.1
6.1
3.3
3.8
3.1
4.8
23.4
3.9
9.9
2.4
.2
.2
.8
.3
1.0
1.0
6.5
2.3
14.2
5.2
5.4
5.0
7.6
6.1
7.3
5.9
1.5
11.6
1.6
.8
2.0
3.3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
81.3
—
—
—
—
0.2
1.2
.4
2.1
2.0
2.2
2.9
17.1
.8
21.0
5.2
4.6
24.8
15.6
29.2
21.2
85.6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1.4
27.4
55.9
19.8
22.2
16.2
21.6
7.7
8.6
7.5
2.1
.4
5.5
1.9
7.1
6.1
.5
32.3
4.3
38.7
37.6
40.3
2.8
5.2
4.6
5.3
.2
.1
2.7
.5
3.8
.9
.9
5.7
3.3
3.9
3.2
5.0
24.0
3.9
10.5
2.3
.2
.4
.8
.3
1.1
1.0
6.4
2.0
14.7
5.2
5.4
4.9
8.0
6.1
7.0
5.9
1.3
10.9
1.6
.8
2.0
3.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
82.4
—
—
—
—
.2
1.2
.6
1.9
1.8
2.1
2.9
17.5
.9
21.5
4.9
4.0
24.5
16.2
28.3
21.4
85.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2.3
11.2
6.7
11.7
11.2
12.3
22.4
17.3
20.4
16.6
45.0
.6
19.1
18.8
19.2
36.1
1.4
26.5
55.3
19.3
21.2
16.4
21.8
7.6
8.8
7.4
1.9
.4
5.5
2.1
7.0
6.2
.6
28.8
4.6
39.0
38.3
40.1
2.6
5.2
5.2
5.3
.1
.1
2.8
.5
3.9
1.0
1.4
6.0
3.2
3.7
3.1
4.7
23.7
3.8
10.1
2.3
.1
.4
.8
.2
1.0
1.1
7.1
3.0
14.8
5.1
5.1
5.2
8.0
6.2
7.3
5.9
1.3
10.2
1.6
.8
2.0
3.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
.2
1.0
.5
2.0
1.8
2.2
3.0
18.1
.9
22.0
4.7
4.1
24.3
16.2
27.8
20.9
83.7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2.5
11.4
7.0
12.0
11.5
12.6
22.6
17.5
20.5
16.8
45.1
.9
19.3
18.8
19.5
35.4
1.7
26.7
55.5
19.6
21.3
17.0
21.5
7.8
9.0
7.6
2.0
.5
5.4
2.2
6.9
5.8
.6
28.7
4.9
38.0
37.4
38.9
2.4
5.0
5.0
5.0
.2
.2
2.8
.4
3.8
.8
1.4
5.9
3.1
3.6
2.9
4.7
23.6
3.7
9.8
2.3
.2
.4
.8
.2
1.0
1.0
8.0
2.8
13.9
4.8
4.9
4.7
7.4
6.0
6.8
5.8
1.3
9.8
1.6
.9
1.9
3.1
.3
1.3
.5
2.0
1.8
2.2
2.9
17.9
1.0
21.9
4.5
3.8
23.6
15.6
27.0
21.4
82.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Sales
work
ers
Cleri
cal
work
ers
Craft
and
kin
dred
work
ers
0.9
8.3
11.9
6.7
6.5
7.1
9.3
19.2
20.0
19.0
19.8
.1
7.3
6.6
7.7
12.4
0.2
.4
.3
2.2
1.3
3.5
.7
21.2
23.2
20.7
21.5
—
.6
.1
.8
.1
2.1
9.5
7.3
12.1
11.4
13.0
22.9
17.0
21.3
16.0
44.3
.9
18.5
17.7
18.9
36.7
1.3
29.1
55.2
19.4
21.7
15.9
22.4
7.7
8.6
7.5
2.0
.4
5.3
1.9
6.9
5.9
2.0
12.5
3.1
10.0
1.0
11.0
8.0
1.9
3.1
1.6
4.8
1.0
38.2
55.9
30.1
18.3
1.1
8.8
11.1
6.7
6.4
7.1
9.5
19.3
21.0
18.9
19.3
—
7.3
6.5
7.7
12.7
.2
.4
.3
2.1
1.2
3.4
.7
19.3
23.5
20.7
21.9
—
.6
.1
.9
.1
2.2
9.7
6.7
11.7
11.2
12.5
22.5
17.1
20.9
16.2
45.4
.9
18.6
17.9
19.0
36.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.0
13.5
2.8
10.0
11.1
8.4
8.4
1.9
3.4
1.6
5.1
.9
37.8
55.0
30.5
19.1
1.0
9.0
11.8
7.0
6.8
7.2
9.3
19.1
21.0
18.6
19.3
—
7.3
6.3
7.7
12.7
.3
.8
.4
2.2
1.4
3.4
.7
20.8
22.9
20.3
22.4
—
.7
.1
.9
—
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.2
14.8
3.0
10.7
12.0
8.8
8.9
2.0
3.9
1.6
5.5
.9
38.3
55.0
31.1
19.6
1.0
7.9
11.7
7.1
6.8
7.5
9.8
19.1
20.3
18.8
19.2
.1
7.6
6.8
7.9
12.8
.2
.6
.5
2.3
1.4
3.7
.9
20.9
23.7
20.2
22.1
—
.7
Total,
16
years
and
over
Profes
sional
and
techni
cal
workers
Manag
ers and
adminis
trators,
except
farm
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.9
12.2
3.4
10.0
11.0
8.6
8.1
2.0
3.6
1.6
5.4
.7
38.3
56.6
29.7
18.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Farm
work
ers
1976
Agriculture.................................................................
Mining........................................................................
Construction..............................................................
Manufacturing...........................................................
Durable goods....................................................
Nondurable g o o d s.............................................
Transportation and public utilities..............................
Wholesale and retail trade........................................
W holesale trade.................................................
Retail trade.........................................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..........................
Private households....................................................
Services, except private households........................
Educational services...........................................
All other services...............................................
Public administration.................................................
—
1977
Agriculture.................................................................
Mining........................................................................
Construction..............................................................
Manufacturing.................... .......................................
Durable goods....................................... .............
Nondurable g o o d s.............................................
Transportation and public utilities..............................
Wholesale and retail trade........ ...............................
W holesale trade.................................................
Retail trade........................................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..........................
Private households....................................................
Services, except private households........................
Educational services...........................................
All other services.............. ..............................
Public administration.................................................
1978
Agriculture.................................................................
Mining........................................................................
Construction..............................................................
Manufacturing...........................................................
Durable goods....................................................
Nondurable g o o d s.............................................
Transportation and public utilities..............................
W holesale and retail trade........................................
Wholesale trade.................................................
Retail trade.................................. ......................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..........................
Private households....................................................
Services, except private households........................
Educational services...........................................
All other services...............................................
Public administration.................................................
—
—
—
—
—
83.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1979
Agriculture.................................................................
Mining........................................................................
Construction..............................................................
Manufacturing............................................................
Durable g oo d s....................................................
Nondurable g o o d s ..............................................
Transportation and public utilities..............................
W holesale and retail trade........................................
Wholesale trade.................................................
Retail trade.........................................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..........................
Private households....................................................
Services, except private households........................
Educational services ............................................................................
All other services ....................................................................................
Public administration ........................................................................................
53
.1
.9
.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
83.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
___
—
Table 23. Nonagricultural workers on full-time schedules or on voluntary part time by selected
characteristics, 1969-79
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
On full-time sched ules1
Total:
N um ber.........................................................
Percent..........................................................
59,181
100.0
59,101
100.0
59,203
100.0
61,317
100.0
63,560
100.0
64,083
100.0
62,325
100.0
64,810
100.0
67,263
100.0
70,543
100.0
72,647
100.0
66.8
66.8
67.0
66.7
66.4
65.8
65.2
64.8
64.3
63.6
63.1
and 17 years.............................................
to 24 years................................................
to 44 years................................................
to 64 years................................................
years and over..........................................
.6
8.7
31.7
24.2
1.7
.5
8.8
31.6
24.2
1.6
.5
9.3
31.5
24.1
1.5
.5
9.9
31.6
23.3
1.4
.6
10.6
31.4
22.5
1.2
.6
10.5
31.4
22.1
1.2
.5
9.9
31.7
22.0
1.2
.5
10.1
31.7
21.4
1.1
.5
10.2
31.7
20.8
1.0
.5
10.4
31.6
20.0
1.0
.5
10.3
31.7
19.4
1.0
F em ales.................................................................
33.2
33.2
33.0
33.3
33.6
34.2
34.8
35.2
35.7
36.4
36.9
.3
7.4
12.6
12.1
.8
.3
7.4
12.7
12.1
.8
.3
7.3
12.6
12.1
12.7
.3
7.5
13.1
11.7
.7
.3
7.7
13.6
11.2
.7
.4
7.9
14.2
11.1
.6
.3
7.8
15.0
11.1
.6
.3
7.8
15.7
10.9
.6
.3
7.9
16.3
10.7
.5
.3
8.0
17.1
10.5
.5
.3
8.0
17.7
10.4
.5
W hite......................................................................
89.5
89.5
89.5
89.5
89.2
89.2
89.4
89.1
89.0
88.7
88.6
M ale s..............................................................
F e m a le s..........................................................
60.4
29.1
60.4
29.1
60.6
28.9
60.3
29.2
59.9
29.3
59.5
29.7
59.1
30.3
58.6
30.5
58.1
30.9
57.3
31.4
56.7
31.9
Black and oth er.....................................................
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.5
10.8
10.8
10.6
10.9
11.0
11.3
11.4
M ales..............................................................
F e m a le s.........................................................
6.4
4.1
6.4
4.1
6.3
4.2
6.3
4.2
6.5
4.4
6.4
4.5
6.2
4.5
6.2
4.7
6.2
4.8
6.3
5.0
6.3
5.1
Males:
S in g le .............................................................
Married, spouse present................................
Widowed, divorced, or separated...................
8.6
54.8
3.4
8.7
54.6
3.4
8.9
54.6
3.5
9.4
53.6
3.7
10.1
52.5
3.8
10.2
51.5
4.1
10.0
51.1
4.1
10.5
49.9
4.3
11.2
48.5
4.6
11.9
46.8
4.9
12.1
46.0
4.9
Females:
S in g le .............................................................
Married, spouse present.................................
Widowed, divorced, or separated...................
7.3
19.1
6.8
7.2
19.3
6.8
7.0
19.2
6.8
7.2
19.3
6.9
7.3
19.6
6.8
7.4
19.8
7.0
7.6
20.1
7.1
7.9
20.1
7.2
8.2
20.1
7.4
8.6
20.2
7.7
8.9
20.3
7.8
Wage and salary workers......................................
92.6
92.8
92.7
93.0
93.1
93.1
93.1
93.3
93.1
93.1
93.0
Construction...................................................
Manufacturing.................................................
Durable g oo d s.........................................
Nondurable goods...................................
Transportation and public utilities...................
W holesale and retail tra d e .............................
Finance and serv ices.....................................
Other industries2.............................................
6.0
31.6
19.2
12.4
7.4
14.9
25.2
7.5
5.9
30.5
18.3
12.2
7.4
15.4
26.1
7.6
6.2
28.7
17.1
11.6
7.3
16.3
26.8
7.4
6.3
28.4
16.8
11.6
7.3
16.3
27.3
7.4
6.3
28.9
17.5
11.4
7.1
16.1
27.4
7.1
6.0
28.3
17.3
11.0
7.3
16.3
28.0
7.3
5.5
26.5
16.0
10.5
7.3
16.7
29.3
7.8
5.5
26.9
16.4
10.5
7.1
16.6
29.5
7.6
5.7
26.7
16.1
10.5
7.1
16.7
29.5
7.4
5.9
26.6
16.2
10.4
7.1
16.4
29.7
7.3
6.0
26.6
16.5
10.1
7.2
16.2
29.8
7.2
Self-employed and unpaid family w orkers............
7.4
7.2
7.3
7.0
6.9
6.9
6.9
6.7
6.9
6.9
7.0
S E X AND A G E
M a le s ....................................................................
16
18
25
45
65
16
18
25
45
65
and 17 years.............................................
to 24 years................................................
to 44 years................................................
to 64 years................................................
years and over...........................................
R A C E AN D SE X
S E X AND MARITAL ST A T U S
INDUSTRY
See footnotes at end of table.
54
Table 23. Nonagricultural workers on full-time schedules or on voluntary part time by selected
characteristics, 1969-79— Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
On voluntary part tim e3
Total:
N um ber..........................................................
Percent...........................................................
9,027
100.0
9,387
100.0
9,503
100.0
9,937
100.0
10,311
100.0
10,490
100.0
10,581
100.0
10,942
100.0
11,439
100.0
11,934
100.0
12,205
100.0
32.8
32.2
32.3
32.5
31.6
31.4
31.3
30.9
31.3
30.7
30.2
and 17 years.............................................
to 24 years................................................
to 44 years................................................
to 64 years................................................
years and over...........................................
9.5
11.3
3.0
3.3
5.7
9.2
11.0
3.0
3.3
5.8
9.1
11.2
3.2
3.3
5.4
8.9
11.5
3.3
3.5
5.4
8.9
10.6
3.4
3.5
5.2
8.9
10.1
3.4
3.6
5.4
8.7
10.3
3.5
3.5
5.3
8.4
10.9
3.4
3.4
4.8
8.6
10.8
3.7
3.3
5.0
8.5
10.2
3.7
3.2
5.2
8.4
9.8
3.7
3.2
5.2
Fem ales.................................................................
67.2
67.8
67.7
67.5
68.4
68.6
68.7
69.1
68.7
69.3
69.7
8.0
11.6
23.4
19.6
4.7
8.2
12.2
23.9
19.1
4.4
8.2
12.6
23.5
18.8
4.6
8.3
13.1
23.6
18.2
4.4
8.8
13.3
23.9
18.2
4.3
8.8
13.3
24.4
17.9
4.2
8.7
13.6
24.4
17.8
4.2
8.6
14.0
24.9
17.2
4.4
8.4
14.0
25.3
16.5
4.4
8.7
14.1
25.5
16.5
4.4
8.6
14.2
25.9
16.6
4.4
W hite......................................................................
90.0
90.4
90.9
90.7
90.8
90.7
90.7
91.4
91.3
91.0
91.1
M ales..................... ........................................
F em a le s..........................................................
30.0
60.1
29.4
61.1
29.7
61.2
29.7
61.0
28.8
62.1
28.3
62.3
28.2
62.4
28.1
63.3
28.4
62.9
27.8
63.2
27.2
63.9
Black and oth er.....................................................
10.0
9.6
9.1
9.3
9.2
9.3
9.3
8.6
8.7
9.0
8.9
M ales..............................................................
F em a le s......................................................
2.8
7.2
2.8
6.7
2.6
6.5
2.8
6.5
2.8
6.3
3.0
6.3
3.1
6.3
2.8
5.8
3.0
5.8
2.9
6.0
3.0
5.9
Males:
S in g le .............................................................
Married, spouse present............................
Widowed, or divorced, separated...................
20.6
10.5
1.6
20.0
10.6
1.5
20.1
10.7
1.6
20.4
10.4
1.7
19.7
10.3
1.6
19.5
10.3
1.6
19.5
10.1
1.7
19.8
9.5
1.6
20.0
9.8
1.6
19.7
9.5
1.6
19.3
9.4
1.6
Females:
S in g le .............................................................
Married, spouse present................................
Widowed, divorced, or separated...................
17.5
40.5
9.3
18.0
41.5
8.6
18.2
40.8
8.7
18.7
40.2
8.6
19.2
40.4
8.8
19.5
40.4
8.7
19.8
40.5
8.5
20.4
40.4
8.4
20.3
40.0
8.4
20.8
40.0
8.5
20.9
40.7
8.2
Wage and salary workers......................................
90.2
90.3
90.0
90.2
90.4
90.4
90.2
90.4
90.3
90.5
90.2
Construction...................................................
Manufacturing.................................................
Durable g o o d s.........................................
Nondurable goods...................................
Transportation and public utilities...................
Wholesale and retail tra d e .............................
Finance and serv ices.....................................
Other industries2..................................... .......
1.8
6.4
2.5
3.9
3.1
31.0
45.2
2.6
1.7
5.9
2.4
3.5
3.0
31.4
45.7
2.6
1.7
5.4
2.0
3.4
2.9
32.0
45.6
2.4
1.8
5.5
2.2
3.4
2.9
32.6
45.0
2.5
1.9
5.9
2.5
3.5
3.1
33.0
44.1
2.3
1.8
5.9
2.5
3.4
3.0
33.5
43.7
2.5
1.6
5.0
1.9
3.1
2.8
33.4
45.0
2.4
1.6
5.2
2.0
3.1
2.7
33.7
44.8
2.4
1.8
5.3
2.2
3.2
2.8
33.6
44.5
2.3
1.9
5.4
2.2
3.2
3.0
34.1
44.0
2.1
2.0
5.5
2.3
3.2
3.0
33.9
43.6
2.2
Self-employed and unpaid family w o rkers............
9.8
9.7
10.0
9.8
9.6
9.6
9.8
9.6
9.7
9.5
9.8
SE X AND A G E
M a le s .....................................................................
16
18
25
45
65
16
18
25
45
65
and 17 years.............................................
to 24 years................................................
to 44 years................................................
to 64 years................................................
years and over...........................................
R A C E AND SE X
SE X AND MARITAL ST A T U S
INDUSTRY
1 Includes persons who worked 35 hours or more during the survey week
and those who usually work full time but worked part time because of ill
ness, bad weather, holidays, personal business, or other temporary non
economic reasons.
2 Includes mining and public administration.
3 Includes persons who wanted only part-time work.
55
Table 24. Persons on part time for economic reasons1 by type of industry, sex, and age, 1957-79
[Numbers in thousands]
Nonagricultural industries
Males
Year
Total
Agricul
ture
Total
Females
Total
16
and
17
years
18 to
24
years
25 to
44
years
45 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
Total
16
and
17
years
18 to
24
years
25 to
44
years
45 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
1957...............................................
1958...............................................
1959...............................................
2,469
3,280
2,640
300
327
304
2,169
2,953
2,336
1,263
1,793
1,320
99
114
115
181
257
223
488
727
494
418
607
419
76
88
67
906
1,161
1,016
58
57
62
117
166
140
383
482
405
315
413
367
32
42
41
1960...............................................
1961...............................................
1962...............................................
1963...............................................
1964...............................................
2,860
3,142
2,661
2,620
2,455
300
329
325
332
318
2,560
2,813
2,336
2,288
2,137
1,476
1,625
1,308
1,263
1,154
114
127
113
106
106
251
305
243
255
235
552
598
476
436
398
489
527
422
407
368
70
66
55
59
49
1,083
1,188
1,029
1,025
982
75
65
65
65
60
167
178
171
183
177
420
460
386
384
350
385
443
372
355
359
36
40
34
38
37
1965...............................................
19662..............................................
1967...............................................
1968...............................................
1969...............................................
2,209
1,894
2,163
1,970
2,056
281
230
250
255
246
1,928
1,664
1,913
1,715
1,810
1,005
863
987
830
888
108
75
81
90
98
226
195
214
194
210
322
277
331
250
284
310
273
310
250
252
40
43
51
47
45
923
801
925
886
921
55
47
52
55
64
205
164
199
201
212
308
286
312
286
311
325
279
331
314
308
30
27
33
30
27
1970...............................................
1971...............................................
1972...............................................
1973...............................................
1974...............................................
2,443
2,675
2,624
2,519
2,943
247
236
216
208
234
2,196
2,440
2,408
2,311
2,709
1,105
1,202
1,168
1,101
1,309
98
104
135
125
128
284
336
365
348
396
373
401
358
349
446
303
317
268
240
294
46
46
42
38
46
1,090
1,237
1,239
1,210
1,400
70
79
93
95
101
269
320
337
357
396
355
408
408
391
464
362
390
359
328
401
35
40
41
38
41
1975...............................................
1976...............................................
1977...............................................
1978...............................................
1979...............................................
3,748
3,540
3,530
3,428
3,478
258
268
233
212
196
3,490
3,272
3,297
3,216
3,281
1,735
1,583
1,535
1,429
1,444
133
127
138
141
131
526
532
530
503
484
620
537
520
493
497
409
342
301
244
276
48
44
47
49
53
1,755
1,689
1,762
1,787
1,838
110
110
111
124
109
533
531
567
550
569
603
585
628
645
697
472
427
415
421
415
37
35
41
49
47
1 Includes persons who worked less than 35 hours during the survey
week because of slack work, job changing during the week, material short-
ages, inability to find full-time work, etc.
2 See footnote 2, table 5.
56
Table 25. Nonagricultural workers on part time for economic reasons by usual full* or part-time
status and selected characteristics, 1969-79
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Usually work full tim e1
Total:
Number................................................................................
P ercen t................................................................................
955
100.0
1,201
100.0
1,184
100.0
1,081
100.0
1,074
100.0
1,308
100.0
1,627
100.0
1,317
100.0
1,257
100.0
1,249
100.0
1,325
100.0
M a le s...........................................................................................
56.1
58.4
57.8
58.6
56.9
57.6
61.0
59.8
58.3
56.8
57.2
and 17 y e a rs ................................ ..................................
to 24 years......................................................................
to 44 years......................................................................
to 64 years......................................................................
years and o v e r................................................................
2.3
12.6
22.3
17.2
1.8
1.6
13.6
23.8
17.7
1.7
1.5
13.5
23.1
18.1
1.5
2.0
15.6
23.0
16.5
1.4
2.6
16.5
21.9
14.4
1.5
2.3
15.1
23.7
15.0
1.5
1.5
14.3
25.8
18.5
.9
1.5
16.6
24.5
16.2
.9
2.0
16.0
24.9
14.3
1.1
2.4
18.2
23.4
11.4
1.3
1.8
17.1
24.5
12.5
1.1
Fem ales.......................................................................................
43.6
41.6
42.2
41.4
43.1
42.4
39.0
40.2
41.8
43.2
42.9
1.3
9.9
17.4
14.6
.7
1.1
9.7
15.4
14.5
1.0
0.8
9.7
16.3
14.5
.8
0.9
9.8
16.1
13.5
1.1
1.2
12.2
16.7
11.9
1.0
1.4
10.9
16.2
13.3
.7
0.9
9.9
15.7
12.0
.6
0.9
11.0
15.5
12.2
.5
1.4
12.1
16.9
11.0
.6
1.3
12.5
18.0
10.7
.7
1.0
12.3
18.6
10.0
.8
White............................................................................................
83.4
83.2
83.3
84.5
84.0
84.5
84.5
83.5
84.0
84.1
85.4
M a le s ...................................................................................
Fem ales................................................................................
46.1
37.2
48.4
34.8
48.1
35.2
49.6
34.9
47.6
36.4
48.9
35.6
51.8
32.7
50.0
33.5
49.3
34.7
47.9
36.2
49.4
35.8
Black and other...........................................................................
16.6
16.8
16.7
15.5
16.0
15.5
15.5
16.5
16.0
15.9
14.7
M a le s ...................................................................................
Fem ales................................................................................
9.9
6.7
10.0
6.8
9.8
6.9
8.9
6.6
9.4
6.6
8.8
6.7
9.2
6.3
9.8
6.8
8.9
7.1
9.0
7.0
7.7
6.9
Males:
Sin gle...................................................................................
Married, spouse present............ ..........................................
Widowed, divorced, or separated.........................................
14.0
37.2
4.8
13.4
40.5
4.5
13.4
40.0
4.5
16.4
36.9
5.2
18.2
34.0
4.7
15.5
37.2
5.0
15.1
40.9
5.0
16.1
38.5
5.4
17.1
35.3
5.8
20.2
30.6
6.1
19.1
31.8
6.3
Females:
Sin gle...................................................................................
Married, spouse present.......................................................
Widowed, divorced, or separated.........................................
7.8
27.3
8.9
7.6
25.4
8.7
7.6
26.1
8.5
8.4
24.4
8.6
9.2
25.0
8.7
9.0
24.9
8.4
8.0
23.5
7.6
9.4
22.9
8.0
9.7
23.2
8.9
10.5
23.8
9.0
10.4
23.8
8.5
Wage and salary w orkers...........................................................
89.0
90.3
89.5
88.5
89.1
88.6
88.0
87.6
87.6
88.2
86.6
Construction.........................................................................
Manufacturing.......................................................................
Durable goods...............................................................
Nondurable goods
...................................................
Transportation and public utilities.........................................
Wholesale and retail trade...................................................
Finance and services...........................................................
Other industries2 ..................................................................
12.9
37.8
14.8
23.0
6.0
13.3
16.5
2.5
13.2
42.2
18.3
23.9
5.2
12.3
15.0
2.3
13.5
39.0
16.0
23.0
5.3
14.0
16.0
1.7
15.0
33.2
12.8
20.5
6.1
15.8
16.5
1.9
15.1
32.1
12.4
19.7
5.7
16.6
17.6
2.1
14.1
36.1
15.0
21.0
5.3
15.1
16.4
1.6
14.1
36.6
16.7
19.9
5.7
14.8
15.1
1.7
15.3
30.5
12.1
18.3
5.2
16.7
17.9
2.1
13.9
29.9
11.5
18.4
4.8
17.3
20.0
1.8
13.4
29.3
10.9
18.3
5.4
18.2
20.0
2.0
13.6
28.3
11.2
17.1
5.3
16.7
20.1
2.4
Self-employed and unpaid family w orkers..................................
11.0
9.7
10.5
11.5
10.9
11.4
11.9
12.5
12.4
11.8
13.5
SE X AND A G E
16
18
25
45
65
16
18
25
45
65
and 17 y e a rs ...................................................................
to 24 years......................................................................
to 44 years......................................................................
to 64 years......................................................................
years and o ve r................................................................
R A C E AND SEX
SE X AND MARITAL ST A T U S
INDUSTRY
See footnotes at end of table.
57
Table 25. Nonagricultural workers on part time for economic reasons by usual full* or part-time
status and selected characteristics, 1969-79— Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Characteristic
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Usually work part tim e3
Total:
Num ber................................................................................
P e rce n t................................................................................
855
100.0
995
100.0
1,256
100.0
1,327
100.0
1,237
100.0
1,404
100.0
1,863
100.0
1,955
100.0
2,040
100.0
1,967
100.0
1,956
100.0
M a le s ..........................................................................................
41.2
40.5
41.3
40.4
39.6
39.6
39.9
40.7
39.4
36.6
35.1
and 17 years o ld ............................................................
to 24 years o ld ...............................................................
to 44 years o ld ...............................................................
to 64 years o ld ...............................................................
years old and over..........................................................
8.9
10.5
8.3
10.3
3.3
7.9
12.2
8.8
9.1
2.6
6.8
14.0
10.1
8.1
2.2
8.5
14.8
8.2
6.8
2.0
7.8
13.8
9.2
6.9
1.8
7.0
14.1
9.7
7.0
1.9
5.9
15.8
10.7
5.8
1.8
5.5
16.0
10.9
6.5
1.6
5.5
16.1
10.2
5.9
1.6
5.6
14.0
10.2
5.1
1.7
5.5
13.2
8.8
5.6
1.9
Fem ales......................................................................................
58.8
59.5
58.7
59.6
60.4
60.4
60.1
59.3
60.6
63.4
64.9
6.1
13.7
16.9
19.7
2.3
5.7
15.4
17.1
18.9
2.3
5.5
16.3
17.1
17.4
2.4
6.3
17.4
17.7
16.1
2.2
6.6
18.3
17.2
16.2
2.2
5.9
18.1
17.9
16.2
2.3
5.2
20.0
18.7
14.8
1.5
5.0
19.7
19.5
13.6
1.4
4.6
20.4
20.4
13.6
1.7
5.5
20.0
21.4
14.6
2.0
4.9
20.8
23.0
14.5
1.8
White............................................................................................
73.1
74.1
78.4
79.0
80.3
78.9
81.2
81.0
82.2
80.5
80.8
M a le s ....................................................................................
F em ales................................................................................
31.5
41.6
31.8
42.3
33.4
45.0
33.1
45.9
32.0
48.3
31.4
47.5
33.3
47.9
32.9
48.0
32.5
49.7
29.5
51.0
28.0
52.8
Black and other...........................................................................
26.9
25.9
21.6
21.0
19.7
21.1
18.8
19.1
17.9
19.5
19.2
M a le s ....................................................................................
F em ales................................................................................
9.8
17.1
8.9
17.0
7.8
13.8
7.2
13.7
7.6
12.1
8.2
12.9
6.6
12.2
7.7
11.4
6.9
11.0
7.1
12.5
7.0
12.2
Males:
S in g le................................................................ ...................
Married, spouse present.......................................................
Widowed, divorced, or separated.........................................
21.8
15.7
3.9
21.7
15.6
3.3
22.9
13.1
3.3
24.9
12.7
2.8
23.1
13.0
3.4
22.3
13.7
3.6
22.6
13.8
3.5
23.3
13.8
3.6
23.5
12.3
3.7
22.3
11.0
3.3
20.9
10.7
3.5
Females:
S in g le .................................................................................. .
Married, spouse present.......................................................
Widowed, divorced, or separated.........................................
17.3
26.5
14.9
18.6
25.7
15.1
18.9
26.5
13.2
20.8
25.6
13.2
21.3
26.0
13.2
20.6
26.9
12.9
21.1
26.8
12.1
21.4
26.3
11.7
21.5
27.1
121
23.4
27.9
12.2
23.2
29.4
12.4
90.8
91.9
91.6
92.2
92.0
91.1
91.6
91.7
92.3
91.9
90.8
4.9
8.3
2.8
5.5
3.5
31.9
41.3
2.1
5.1
8.1
2.7
5.4
3.5
31.3
41.0
2.2
5.3
8.4
3.2
5.3
3.7
32.0
39.5
2.6
5.1
7.2
2.7
4.6
3.7
33.7
39.7
2.4
5.2
6.8
2.4
4.4
3.7
34.1
40.0
2.5
4.7
6.6
2.0
4.6
3.9
33.0
41.1
2.6
4.3
6.4
2.1
4.2
3.9
35.2
38.4
2.5
8.0
9.0
8.5
8.2
7.7
8.1
9.2
SEX AND A G E
16
18
25
45
65
16
18
25
45
65
and 17 y e a rs ..................................................................
to 24 years......................................................................
to 44 years......................................................................
to 64 years......................................................................
years and o ve r...............................................................
R A C E AND SEX
S E X AND MARITAL ST A T U S
INDUSTRY
Wage and salary w orkers.......................................................... .
Construction........................................................................
Manufacturing.....................................................................
Durable.........................................................................
Nondurable g o o d s........................................................
Transportation and public utilities..*....................................
W holesale and retail trade..................................................
Finance and s e rv ic e s.........................................................
Other industries2 .................................................................
5.6
8.5
2.5
6.1
3.4
26.2
44.5
2.6
6.2
9.6
3.1
6.5
3.9
26.5
43.4
2.2
6.1
8.6
3.2
5.4
3.6
30.0
41.2
2.2
5.0
6.8
1.8
5.0
3.4
32.4
42.1
2.5
Self-employed and unpaid family w orkers..................................
9.2
8.5
8.4
7.8
1 Mainly persons who worked less than 35 hours during the survey week
because of slack work, job changing during the week, material shortages,
etc.
2 Includes mining and public administration,
3 Mainly persons who could find only part-time work,
58
Table 26. Employed persons not at work by reason for not working, 1957-79
[In thousands]
Reason for not working, all industries
All
indus
tries
Agricul
ture
Nonagricultural
industries
1957....................................................................................
1958....................................................................................
1959....................................................................................
3,017
3,076
3,161
196
199
186
1960....................................................................................
1961....................................................................................
1962....................................................................................
1963............................................................................ ........
1964....................................................................................
3,231
3,146
3,281
3,501
3,494
1965....................................................................................
19661.................................................................................. j
1967................................................................................... H
1968................................................................................... .
1969....................................................................................
Year
Bad
weath
er
Indus
trial
dispute
V aca
tion
Illness
2,821
2,877
2,974
139
182
115
45
59
160
1,447
1,479
1,494
962
882
907
425
474
484
190
200
178
174
169
3,042
2,946
3,103
3,327
3,326
168
143
160
106
108
40
56
33
41
51
1,576
1,492
1,533
1,655
1,635
942
898
940
1,000
994
505
556
615
698
707
3,525
3,595
3,831
4,206
4,408
157
131
130
147
130
3,368
3,463
3,701
4,059
4,277
79
91
92
158
123
48
66
107
109
111
1,738
1,753
1,974
2,180
2,298
1,039
1,039
1,102
1,208
1,258
621
646
557
550
618
1970....................................................................................
1971....................................................................................
1972....................................................................................
1973....................................................................................
1974....................................................................................
4,614
4,716
4,703
4,926
5,323
133
130
135
151
161
4,481
4,586
4,568
4,775
5,162
127
123
141
191
143
156
145
78
75
149
2,324
2,450
2,501
2,609
2,887
1,317
1,274
1,329
1,362
1,377
690
724
653
689
768
1 9 7 5 ................................... ................................................
1976....................................................................................
1977....................................................................................
1978....................................................................................
1979....................................................................................
5,171
5,307
5,450
5,493
5,658
164
143
147
155
144
5,007
5,164
5,303
5,338
5,514
138
99
236
236
196
94
115
119
99
122
2,788
2,898
2,913
2,942
3,143
1,332
1,387
1,410
1,418
1,400
819
808
772
799
798
1 See footnote 2, table 5.
59
All
other
Table 27. Employed nonagricultural wage and salary workers1 not at work by reason for not working
and pay status, 1967-79
[In thousands]
Reason for not working, both sexes
Pay status and year
Both
sexes
Males
Females
Bad
weather
Industrial
dispute
Vacation
Illness
All other
A L L W O R K ER S
1967....................................................................................
1968....................................................................................
1969....................................................................................
3,332
3,676
3399
1,930
2,105
2,243
1,402
1,571
1,656
40
70
66
106
108
110
1,836
2,031
2,148
939
1,040
1,086
412
428
489
1970....................................................................................
1971....................................................................................
1972....................................................................................
1973...................................................................................
1974....................................................................................
4,057
4 156
^
4^130
4340
4378
2,273
2,277
2,261
2,344
2,541
1,784
1,879
1,869
1,996
2,137
61
61
69
112
76
154
144
78
74
147
2,169
2,286
2,324
2,436
2,680
1,153
1,119
1,162
1,196
1,204
521
546
497
523
570
1975....................................................................................
1976...................................................................................
1977....................................................................................
1978....................................................................................
1979....................................................................................
4,527
4,703
4,799
4*806
4379
2,417
2,454
2,555
2,547
2,591
2,110
2,249
2,243
2,259
2,388
64
47
139
124
103
94
115
119
98
120
2,599
2,697
2,712
2,712
2308
1,172
1,232
1,247
1,261
1,255
599
613
581
611
594
1,878
2,047
2,180
1,224
1,293
1,401
654
753
779
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,409
1,566
1,650
367
378
398
102
103
132
"_
_
_
1,617
1,720
1,716
1,744
1,943
436
427
459
469
507
119
112
114
136
133
1,873
1,899
1,942
1,934
2356
502
529
545
548
544
140
142
168
172
172
427
465
498
572
662
688
455
502
533
553
566
609
692
737
718
693
703
726
697
616
639
530
573
660
726
799
769
778
851
670
702
702
714
711
616
633
672
661
645
W orkers paid
1967....................................................................................
1968....................................................................................
1969....................................................................................
1970....................................................................................
1971....................................................................................
1972....................................................................................
1973....................................................................................
1974....................................................................................
2,172
2,258
2,289
2,349
2,584
1,365
1,384
1,418
1,450
1,593
807
872
871
899
992
1975....................................................................................
1976....................................................................................
1977....................................................................................
1978....................................................................................
1979....................................................................................
2,515
2,570
2,655
2,654
2,772
1,523
1,549
1,611
1,578
1,598
993
1,022
1,045
1,075
1,174
1,454
1,629
1,719
706
811
842
748
817
878
W orkers not paid
1967....................................................................................
1968........................................................... :........................
1969....................................................................................
1970....................................................................................
1971....................................................................................
1972....................................................................................
1973....................................................................................
1974....................................................................................
1,886
1,899
1,842
1,991
2,094
908
891
844
894
949
977
1,006
997
1,096
1,144
1975....................................................................................
1976....................................................................................
1 9 7 7 :...................................................................................
1978....................................................................................
1979....................................................................................
2,012
2,134
2,143
2,152
2,208
893
905
945
968
993
1,118
1,228
1,199
1,184
1,214
1Includes government workers and includes private household workers.
60
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
Table 28. Major unemployment indicators, 1948-79
[Unemployment rates]
White
Black
and
other
Both
sexes,
25
years
and
over
9.2
13.4
3.5
5.6
5.9
8.9
2.9
4.8
5.1
4.0
3.2
2.9
5.5
12.2
8.2
8.5
7.6
12.6
4.9
3.1
2.8
2.7
5.0
9.0
5.3
5.4
4.5
9.9
3.8
3.4
3.6
6.2
4.7
4.4
4.2
4.1
6.1
5.2
11.0
11.1
11.6
15.9
14.6
3.9
3.6
3.8
6.1
4.8
5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
4.7
5.7
4.6
4.5
3.9
5.1
6.3
5.4
5.4
5.2
14.7
16.8
14.7
17.2
16.2
1 9 6 5 .........................................
1 9 6 6 .........................................
1 9 6 7 .........................................
1 9 6 8 .........................................
1 969.........................................
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
3.2
2.5
2.3
2.2
2.1
4.5
3.8
4.2
3.8
3.7
1 9 7 0 .........................................
1971 ................. .......................
1 9 7 2 .........................................
1973 .........................................
1 9 7 4 .........................................
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
3.5
1 9 7 5 .........................................
1 9 7 6 .........................................
1 9 7 7 .........................................
1 9 7 8 .........................................
1 9 7 9 .........................................
8.5
7.7
7.0
6.0
5.8
All
civil
ian
work
ers
Males,
20
years
and
o ve r.
Fe
males,
20
years
and
over
Both
sexes,
16 to
19
years
1 9 4 8 .........................................
1 9 4 9 .........................................
3.8
5.9
3.2
5.4
3.6
5.3
1 9 5 0 .........................................
1 9 5 1 .........................................
1 9 5 2 .........................................
1 9 5 3 .........................................
1 9 5 4 .........................................
5.3
3.3
3.0
2.9
5.5
4.7
2.5
2.4
2.5
4.9
19 5 5 .........................................
1 9 5 6 ...................................... .
1 9 5 7 .........................................
1 9 5 8 .........................................
1 9 5 9 .........................................
4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5
I960
1961
1962
1963
1964
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
........................................
Year
Full
time
work
ers
Parttime
work
ers
Unem
ployed
15 weeks
and
o ve r1
Labor
force
time
lo st2
_
_
_
0.5
1.1
—
4.4
2.8
2.4
2.4
4.7
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
_
_
_
—
1.3
.5
.4
.3
1.3
—
—
_
—
8.7
8.3
7.9
12.6
10.7
3.6
3.3
3.4
5.6
4.4
2.8
2.6
2.8
5.1
3.6
_
_
—
_
_
_
—
_
1.1
.8
.8
2.1
1.5
4.8
5.1
5.3
8.1
6.6
4.9
6.0
4.9
5.0
4.6
10.2
12.4
10.9
10.8
9.6
4.4
5.4
4.4
4.3
3.8
3.7
4.6
3.6
3.4
2.8
_
_
5.5
4.9
_
_
7.3
7.2
1.4
2.2
1.6
1.5
1.3
6.7
8.0
6.7
6.4
5.8
14.8
12.8
12.9
12.7
12.2
4.1
3.3
3.4
3.2
3.1
8.1
7.3
7.4
6.7
6.4
3.2
2.6
2.6
2.3
2.2
2.4
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.5
4.2
3.5
3.4
3.1
3.1
6.7
6.2
6.9
6.5
6.2
1.0
.7
.6
.5
.5
5.0
4.2
4.2
4.0
3.9
15.2
16.9
16.2
14.5
16.0
4.5
4.0
3.2
3.8
4.8
5.7
5.4
4.8
5.5
5.4
5.0
4.3
5.0
8.2
9.9
10.0
8.9
9.9
3.3
4.0
3.6
3.1
3.6
2.6
3.2
2.8
2.3
2.7
4.5
5.5
5.1
4.3
5.1
7.6
8.7
8.6
7.9
8.6
.8
1.4
1.3
.9
1.0
5.3
6.4
6.0
5.2
6.1
6.7
5.9
5.2
4.2
4.1
8.0
7.4
7.0
6.0
5.7
19.9
19.0
17.7
16.3
16.1
7.8
7.0
6.2
5.2
5.1
13.9
13.1
13.1
11.9
11.3
6.0
5.5
4.9
4.0
3.9
5.1
4.2
3.6
2.8
2.7
8.1
7.3
6.5
5.5
5.3
10.3
10.1
9.8
9.0
8.7
2.7
2.5
2.0
1.4
1.2
9.1
8.3
7.6
6.5
6.3
4.4
1 Unemployment rate calculated as a percent of the civilian
labor force.
2 Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part
Mar
ried
men
time for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available
labor force hours.
61
Table 29. Unemployed persons 16 years and over and unemployment rates by sex and race, 1947-79
Number unemployed (thousands)
Year
Total
Males
Fe
males
Total
Males
Unemployment rate
Black and other
White
Fe
males
1947............. 2,311
1948............. 2,276
1949............. 3,637
1,692
1,559
2,572
619
717
1,065
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
1950............. 3,288
1951............. 2,055
1952............. 1,883
1953............. 1,834
1954............. 3,532
2,239
1,221
1,185
1,202
2,344
1,049
834
698
632
1,188
0)
0)
0)
{')
(')
(')
0)
0)
(>
)
2,860
0)
1,913
947
1955.............
1956.............
1957.............
1958.............
1959.............
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740
1,854
1,711
1,841
3,098
2,420
998
1,039
1,018
1,504
1,320
2,248
2,162
2,289
3,679
2,947
1,475
1,368
1,478
2,488
1,904
1960.............
1961.............
1962.............
1963.............
1964.............
3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
2,486
2,997
2,423
2,472
2,205
1,366
1,717
1,488
1,598
1,581
3,063
3,742
3,052
3,208
2,999
1965.............
1966.............
1967.............
1968.............
1969.............
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,831
1,914
1,551
1,508
1,419
1,403
1,452
1,324
1,468
1,397
1,428
1970.............
1971.............
1972.............
1973.............
1974.............
4,088
4,993
4,840
4,304
5,076
2,235
2,776
2,635
2,240
2,668
1975.............
1976.............
1977.............
1978.............
1979.............
7,830
7,288
6,855
6,047
5,963
4,385
3,968
3,588
3,051
3,018
Total
Males
Total
Males
Fe
males
Total
Males
Black and other
Fe
males
Total
Males
Fe
males
3.9
3.8
5.9
4.0
3.6
5.9
3.7
4.1
6.0
(')
n
0)
0)
3.5
5.6
3.4
5.6
3.8
5.7
0)
5.9
8.9
5.8
9.6
6.1
7.9
243
5.3
3.3
3.0
2.9
5.5
5.1
2.8
2.8
2.8
5.3
5.7
4.4
3.6
3.3
6.0
4.9
3.1
2.8
2.7
5.0
4.7
2.6
2.5
2.5
4.8
5.3
4.2
3.3
3.1
5.6
9.0
5.3
5.4
4.5
9.9
9.4
4.9
5.2
4.8
10.3
8.4
6.1
5.7
4.1
9.3
376
345
363
611
518
225
247
206
314
276
4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5
4.2
3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2
4.9
4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9
3.9
3.6
3.8
6.1
4.8
3.7
3.4
3.6
6.1
4.6
4.3
4.2
4.3
6.2
5.3
8.7
8.3
7.9
12.6
10.7
8.8
7.9
8.3
13.8
11.5
8.4
8.9
7.3
10.8
9.4
787
970
859
864
786
497
599
508
496
426
290
371
351
368
360
5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
4.9
6.0
4.9
5.0
4.6
4.8
5.7
4.6
4.7
4.1
5.3
6.5
5.5
5.8
5.5
10.2
12.4
10.9
10.8
9.6
10.7
12.8
10.9
10.5
8.9
9.4
11.8
11.0
11.2
10.6
1,135
1,013
1,130
1,084
1,124
676
621
638
590
570
359
311
299
277
266
317
310
338
313
304
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7
4.1
3.3
3.4
3.2
3.1
3.6
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
5.0
4.3
4.6
4.3
4.2
8.1
7.3
7.4
6.7
6.4
7.4
6.3
6.0
5.6
5.3
9.2
8.6
9.1
8.3
7.8
1,856
2,302
2,160
1,818
2,146
1,480
1,772
1,724
1,593
1,911
752
919
956
894
1,018
379
474
475
423
521
373
445
482
471
497
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
4.4
5.3
4.9
4.1
4.8
5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
4.5
5.4
5.0
4.3
5.0
4.0
4.9
4.5
3.7
4.3
5.4
6.3
5.9
5.3
6.1
8.2
9.9
10.0
8.9
9.9
7.3
9.1
8.9
7.6
9.1
9.3
10.8
11.3
10.5
10.7
3,597
3,223
2,843
2,365
2,354
2,774
2,632
2,530
2,255
2,224
1,458
1,433
1,482
1,427
1,386
787
745
745
686
664
671
688
737
741
722
8.5
7.7
7.0
6.0
5.8
7.9
7.0
6.2
5.2
5.1
9.3
8.6
8*2
7.2
6.8
7.8
7.0
6.2
5.2
5.1
7.2
6.4
5.5
4.5
4.4
8.6
7.9
7.3
6.2
5.9
13.8
13.2
13.1
11.9
11.3
13.7
12.7
12.4
10.9
10.3
14.0
13.6
14.0
13.1
12.3
(')
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
C)
0)
n
(*)
n
674
431
773
794
811
1,191
1,044
601
592
569
925
794
1,987
2,398
1,915
1,976
1,779
1,076
1,344
1,137
1,232
1,220
2,691
2,253
2,338
2,226
2,261
1,556
1,240
1,208
1,142
1,137
1,853
2,217
2,205
2,064
2,408
3,337
4,074
3,884
3,411
4,057
3,445
3*,320
3,267
2,996
2,945
6,371
5,855
5,373
4,620
4,577
(')
0)
0)
(*)
0)
(')
0)
0)
0)
n
0)
‘ Absolute numbers by race are not available prior to 1954 because population controls by race were not introduced into the Current Population
White
Fe
males
0)
Survey until that year, and unemployment rates by race are not available for
1947.
62
Table 30. Unemployed persons by sex and age, 1947-79
[In thousands]
Sex and year
Total,
16
years
and
over
20 years and over
16 to 19 years
Total
16
and
17
years
18
and
19
years
Total
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
BOTH S E X E S
1947..............................................................
1948.................................................. ...........
1949..............................................................
2,311
2,276
3,637
414
409
576
177
178
238
237
228
337
1,901
1,869
3,060
516
455
680
483
457
776
349
347
603
275
290
471
201
226
384
77
93
146
1950..............................................................
1951..............................................................
1952..............................................................
1953..............................................................
1954............. ................................................
3,288
2,055
1,883
1,834
3,532
513
336
345
307
501
226
168
180
150
221
287
168
165
157
247
2,776
1,718
1,539
1,529
3,032
561
273
268
256
504
702
435
389
379
793
530
354
325
325
680
478
318
274
280
548
368
238
195
218
374
137
103
86
70
132
1955..............................................................
1956..............................................................
1957..............................................................
1958..............................................................
1959..............................................................
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740
450
478
497
678
654
211
231
230
299
301
239
247
266
379
354
2,403
2,274
2,362
3,923
3,085
396
395
430
701
543
577
554
573
993
726
521
476
499
871
673
436
429
448
731
603
355
311
300
472
405
120
109
111
154
135
1960..............................................................
1961......................................................... .
1962..............................................................
1963..............................................................
1964..............................................................
3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
712
828
721
884
872
324
363
311
420
436
387
465
409
462
437
3,140
3,886
3,191
3,187
2,913
583
723
636
658
660
752
890
712
732
607
671
850
688
674
605
614
751
605
589
543
396
516
411
410
378
122
159
141
126
117
1965.............................................................
1966..............................................................
1967..............................................................
1968..............................................................
1969..............................................................
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832
874
837
839
838
853
411
395
401
413
436
463
441
438
426
416
2,491
2,041
2,138
1,978
1,979
557
446
511
543
560
529
441
480
443
453
546
426
422
371
358
636
369
383
314
320
322
265
256
219
216
103
92
86
88
72
1970..............................................................
1971..............................................................
1972..............................................................
1973..............................................................
1974..............................................................
4,088
4,993
4,840
4,304
5,076
1,105
1,258
1,302
1,226
1,410
537
594
629
628
691
569
664
674
597
718
2,983
3,736
3,538
3,080
3,666
865
1,121
1,116
985
1,183
716
924
861
841
1,011
515
629
575
449
557
476
573
510
431
499
309
380
366
287
317
104
109
111
88
99
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
7,830
7,288
6,855
6,047
5,963
1,752
1,701
1,642
1,559
1,528
789
784
768
781
722
963
918
874
778
806
6,077
5,587
5,214
4,488
4,435
1,828
1,670
1,578
1,425
1,377
1,736
1,662
1,594
1,358
1,375
948
845
781
689
700
894
759
668
554
542
516
505
444
338
338
155
147
147
123
104
1947..............................................................
1948
................................................
1949..............................................................
1,692
1,559
2,572
270
255
352
114
112
145
156
143
207
1,422
1,304
2,220
392
324
485
349
289
539
250
233
414
203
201
347
162
178
310
67
81
125
1950..............................................................
1951..............................................................
1952..............................................................
1953..............................................................
1954..............................................................
2,239
1,221
1,185
1,202
2,344
318
191
205
184
310
139
102
116
94
142
179
89
89
90
168
1,921
1,030
980
1,018
2,034
377
155
155
152
327
467
241
233
236
517
348
192
192
208
431
327
193
182
196
372
286
162
145
167
275
117
87
73
60
112
1955..............................................................
1956..............................................................
1957..............................................................
1958..............................................................
1959..............................................................
1,854
1,711
1,841
3,098
2,420
274
269
299
416
398
134
134
140
185
191
140
135
159
231
207
1,580
1,442
1,542
2,682
2,022
248
240
283
478
343
353
348
349
685
483
328
278
304
552
407
285
270
302
492
390
265
216
220
349
287
102
90
83
124
112
1960..............................................................
1961..............................................................
1962..............................................................
1963..............................................................
1964..............................................................
2,486
2,997
2,423
2,472
2,205
425
479
407
500
487
200
221
187
248
257
225
258
220
252
230
2,061
2,518
2,016
1,972
1,718
369
457
381
396
384
492
585
446
444
345
415
507
405
386
323
392
473
381
358 t r
319
294
374
300
289
262
96
122
103
97
85
1965...................................... ........................
1966..............................................................
1967..............................................................
1968..............................................................
1969..............................................................
1,914
1,551
1,508
1,419
1,403
479
432
448
427
44,1
247
220
241
234
244
232
212
207
193
197
1,435
1,119
1,060
992
962
311
221
235
258
270
293
238
219
205
205
284
219
185
171
155
253
197
199
165
157
221
180
164
132
127
75
65
60
61
48
1970..............................................................
1971..............................................................
2,235
2,776
599
691
305
345
294
346
1,636
2,085
478
635
390
508
253
319
247
313
197
239
71
71
Males
63
Table 30. Unemployed persons by sex and age, 1947-79— Continued
[In thousands]
Sex and year
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 to 19 years
20 years and over
Total
16
and
17
years
18
and
19
years
Total
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
Males— Continued
1972..............................................................
1973..............................................................
1974..............................................................
2,635
2,240
2,668
707
647
749
355
349
391
352
298
359
1,928
1,594
1,918
619
514
631
456
424
528
282
209
263
273
219
252
226
170
182
73
57
63
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
4,385
3,968
3,588
3,051
3,018
957
928
861
799
795
440
437
414
418
384
517
491
447
381
411
3,428
3,041
2,727
2,252
2,223
1,059
924
846
733
705
963
888
838
655
659
502
427
368
308
323
500
414
329
280
276
300
294
250
195
193
103
94
97
81
67
1947....................................... .,......................
1948...................... .......................................
1949..............................................................
619
717
1,065
144
152
223
63
66
93
81
86
130
475
565
842
124
132
195
134
169
235
99
113
189
72
90
124
39
49
74
10
12
21
1950..............................................................
1951..............................................................
1952..............................................................
1953..............................................................
1954..............................................................
1,049
834
698
632
1,188
195
145
140
123
191
87
66
64
56
79
108
79
76
67
112
854
689
558
509
997
184
118
113
104
177
435
194
156
143
276
182
162
133
117
249
151
125
92
84
176
82
76
50
51
99
20
16
13
10
20
1955..............................................................
1956..............................................................
1957..............................................................
1958..............................................................
1959..............................................................
998
1,039
1,018
1,504
1,320
176
209
197
262
256
77
97
90
114
110
99
112
107
148
146
822
830
821
1,242
1,064
148
155
147
223
200
224
206
224
308
242
193
198
195
319
266
151
159
146
239
214
90
95
80
122
119
18
19
28
31
23
1960..............................................................
1961..............................................................
1962..............................................................
1963..............................................................
1964..............................................................
1,366
1,717
1,488
1,598
1,581
286
349
313
383
386
124
142
124
172
179
162
207
189
211
207
1,080
1,368
1,175
1,215
1,195
214
265
255
262
276
260
304
267
286
262
256
342
283
287
281
222
278
223
231
223
101
141
111
120
122
25
36
37
29
33
1965..............................................................
1966..............................................................
1967..............................................................
1968...:..........................................................
1969..............................................................
1,452
1,324
1,468
1,397
1,428
395
404
391
412
412
164
175
160
179
192
231
229
231
233
220
1,057
920
1,077
985
1,016
246
224
277
285
290
236
201
261
238
247
263
207
237
199
203
183
173
185
149
163
101
86
93
87
89
27
27
26
27
24
1970..............................................................
1971..............................................................
1972..............................................................
1973..............................................................
1974..............................................................
1,853
2,217
2,205
2,064
2,408
506
567
595
579
660
231
249
274
279
301
275
318
321
300
359
1,347
1,650
1,610
1,485
1,748
386
486
497
471
552
326
416
405
416
483
262
310
293
240
294
229
260
237
211
247
111
141
140
117
135
33
38
38
31
36
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
3,445
3,320
3,267
2,996
2,945
795
773
781
760
733
350
347
355
363
338
446
426
426
397
394
2,649
2,546
2,486
2,236
2,213
769
746
732
692
672
773
774
757
703
716
445
418
413
382
376
394
345
339
274
266
216
211
194
144
145
52
53
50
43
38
Fem ales
64
Table 31. Unemployed persons by race, sex, and age, 1954-79
[In thousands]
Race, sex, and year
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
WHITE
Males
1954........................................................................
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958.........................................................................
1959........................................................................
1,913
1,475
1,368
1,478
2,488
1,904
125
114
112
118
149
162
142
117
108
124
184
156
260
196
186
222
382
256
408
260
265
257
525
350
341
246
212
239
436
316
299
233
225
250
404
320
241
223
177
193
299
245
98
89
81
73
110
98
1960........................................................................
1961........................................................................
1962........................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
1,987
2,398
1,915
1,976
1,779
167
176
158
211
217
174
208
176
196
183
295
370
300
309
310
376
442
332
342
262
330
395
311
297
255
317
382
308
294
266
243
318
246
246
216
86
107
84
80
70
1965.........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
1,556
1,240
1,208
1,142
1,137
200
178
186
185
198
186
162
156
143
145
254
172
185
206
214
226
185
171
162
165
228
173
153
140
130
206
160
167
142
134
190
154
140
111
108
67
57
52
55
43
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
1972........................................................................
1973........................................................................
1974........................................................................
1,856
2,302
2,160
1,818
2,146
255
287
286
282
308
230
275
276
229
274
387
510
501
404
496
315
415
370
345
424
212
268
231
166
218
216
272
237
188
213
177
211
199
152
160
64
66
60
51
53
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
1978........................................................................
1979........................................................................
3,597
3,223
2,843
2,365
2,354
365
364
337
332
312
416
386
330
277
313
860
736
644
540
533
783
715
664
505
504
412
345
296
249
252
411
342
277
228
221
264
258
212
167
163
86
78
82
67
55
1954........................................................................
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957............................................................ ............
1958........................................................................
1959................................... .....................................
947
773
794
811
1,191
1,044
66
67
79
77
96
93
90
74
83
80
113
114
134
108
111
109
159
150
202
152
141
168
231
176
199
156
151
162
250
209
148
125
130
123
210
176
88
77
81
69
106
103
17
16
17
25
26
22
1960....................................... .................................
1961........................................................................
1962........................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
1,076
1,344
1,137
1,232
1,220
106
119
104
139
148
128
166
142
162
159
161
196
188
192
198
197
226
183
198
179
190
257
211
221
217
185
229
177
191
181
87
120
99
103
107
23
32
33
27
30
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967.........................................................................
1968.........................................................................
1969.........................................................................
1,135
1,013
1,130
1,084
1,124
129
137
125
141
153
188
174
169
175
164
183
166
209
216
218
173
138
189
168
189
199
163
183
157
164
152
138
154
127
135
86
73
81
76
77
24
23
23
25
23
1970.........................................................................
1971.........................................................................
1972.........................................................................
1973........................................................................
1974.........................................................................
1,480
1,772
1,724
1,593
1,911
183
202
226
226
247
202
246
230
214
270
291
374
378
342
414
254
312
300
306
380
221
24.
228
193
231
199
228
202
183
214
98
126
124
103
121
31
34
35
26
35
1975.........................................................................
1976.........................................................................
1977.........................................................................
1978.........................................................................
1979.........................................................................
2,774
2,632
2,530
2,255
2,224
285
276
289
287
264
340
331
319
282
291
595
568
526
488
472
608
588
561
519
526
363
338
325
296
295
342
296
293
226
223
193
186
172
119
122
49
49
46
36
31
431.
376
345
363
611
17
20
22
22
36
26
23
27
35
48
67
52
54
60
96
109
93
83
92
160
90
82
66
65
116
73
52
45
52
88
34
42
39
27
51
14
13
9
10
15
Females
BLACK AND OTHER
Males
1954.........................................................................
1955.........................................................................
1956.........................................................................
1957.........................................................................
1958.........................................................................
65
Table 31. Unemployed persons by race, sex, and age, 1954-79— Continued
[In thousands]
Race, sex, and year
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
B L A C K AND O T H E R — Continued
Males— Continued
1959........................................................................
518
29
51
87
133
91
70
42
14
1960........................................................................
1961........................................................ :..............
1962........................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964.................................. ......................................
497
599
508
496
426
34
44
30
37
40
51
50
44
57
47
74
88
81
87
74
117
142
143
102
82
86
112
94
90
69
75
91
74
63
53
51
57
54
43
47
10
14
19
17
14
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
359
311
299
277
266
47
42
56
49
46
46
50
50
50
51
57
49
50
53
56
67
53
49
44
40
56
46
33
31
26
47
37
32
23
23
31
26
24
21
19
9
8
9
7
6
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
1972........................................................................
1973........................................................................
1974........................................................................
379
474
475
423
521
50
58
69
68
83
64
71
77
69
85
91
125
118
110
134
74
94
86
79
105
41
51
51
43
45
31
41
36
31
39
20
28
27
18
21
7
6
12
6
10
1975................... ....................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
1978........................................................................
1979............ {...........................................................
787
745
745
686
664
74
73
77
87
72
101
106
118
104
98
199
188
202
193
172
180
172
173
150
155
91
82
71
59
71
89
72
52
52
55
36
36
38
28
30
17
16
14
14
12
1954........................................................................
1955...... ..............................................:..................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
243
225
247
206
314
276
13
10
18
13
18
17
22
25
29
26
36
32
43
40
44
38
63
50
74
72
65
56
77
66
50
37
47
34
69
57
28
26
29
23
29
37
11
13
14
11
17
15
3
2
2
3
5
2
1960........................................................................
1961........................................................................
1962........................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
290
371
351
368
360
19
23
20
33
30
34
41
47
49
48
54
69
66
70
78
63
79
83
88
83
66
85
73
67
64
37
49
46
39
42
14
20
12
17
14
3
5
4
3
3
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968.................. .....................................................
1969........................................................................
317
310
338
313
304
35
38
35
39
39
43
55
62
58
56
62
59
69
68
72
64
63
72
70
58
64
43
54
42
38
30
35
31
23
28
15
13
13
11
12
3
4
4
2
1
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
1972........................................................................
1973........................................................................
1974........................................................................
373
445
482
471
497
48
47
48
53
54
73
71
91
86
89
94
112
119
129
138
71
104
105
109
103
41
60
65
48
63
30
32
35
28
33
14
15
16
14
14
2
4
3
4
2
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
1978................................. .......................................
1979........................................................................
671
688
737
741
722
65
71
66
76
74
106
96
107
115
103
174
179
207
204
200
165
186
196
183
190
82
80
88
85
82
52
49
47
48
43
23
25
22
24
23
4
3
4
6
6
Females
66
Table 32. Unemployment rates by sex, race, and age, 1947-79
Sex, race, and year
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
BOTH S E X E S
1947........................................................................
1948........................................................................
1949........................................................................
3.9
3.8
5.9
10.1
10.1
14.0
9.2
8.6
13.0
7.0
6.2
9.3
3.5
3.2
5.4
2.7
2.6
4.4
2.6
2.7
4.2
2.8
3.1
5.2
2.7
3.2
4.9
1950........................................................................
1951........................................................................
1952........................................................................
1953........................................................................
1954........................................................................
5.3
3.3
3.0
2.9
5.5
13.6
9.6
10.0
8.7
13.5
11.2
7.1
7.3
6.8
10.7
7.7
4.1
4.6
4.7
9.2
4.8
3.0
2.6
2.5
5.3
3.8
2.5
2.3
2.2
4.5
4.2
2.7
2.3
2.3
4.4
4.8
3.1
2.4
2.7
4.5
4.5
3*4
2.9
2.2
4.1
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5
12.3
12.3
12.5
16.4
15.3
10.0
10.2
10.9
15.5
14.0
7.0
6.6
7.1
11.2
8.5
3.8
3.7
3.9
6.8
5.0
3.4
3.0
3.1
5.4
4.2
3.4
3.2
3.3
5.2
4.2
4.2
3.5
3.4
5.2
4.4
3.6
3.2
3.4
4.8
4.3
1960........................................................................
1961........................................................................
1962........................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
15.5
18.3
16.3
19.3
17.8
14.1
15.8
13.6
15.6
14.9
8.7
10.4
9.0
8.8
8.3
5.2
6.2
5.1
5.2
4.3
4.1
5.2
4.1
4.0
3.6
4.1
5.0
4.0
3.8
3.5
4.2
5.4
4.2
4.1
3.7
3.8
5.1
4.5
4.1
3.8
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968......................... ...............................................
1969........................................................................
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
16.5
14.8
14.6
14.7
14.5
13.5
11.3
11.6
11.2
10.5
6.7
5.3
5.7
5.8
5.7
3.7
3.1
3.2
2.8
2.8
3.2
2.5
2.5
2.2
2.2
2.8
2.3
2.4
1.9
1.9
3.1
2.5
2.4
2.0
1.9
3.3
3.0
2.8
2.8
2.2
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
1972........................................................................
1973........................................................................
1 9 7 4 ....... ;................................................................
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
17.1
18.7
18.5
17.3
18.3
13.8
15.5
14.6
12.4
14.2
8.2
10.0
9.3
7.8
9.0
4.2
5.3
4.6
4.2
4.8
3.1
3.9
3.5
2.7
3.3
2.8
3.4
3.0
2.5
2.9
2.7
3.3
3.2
2.6
2.8
3.2
3.5
3.6
3.0
3.4
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
1978........................................................................
1979........................................................................
8.5
7.7
7.0
6.0
5.8
21.4
21.1
19.9
19.3
18.1
18.9
17.4
16.2
14.2
14.6
13.6
12.0
10.9
9.5
9.0
7.8
7.1
6.4
5.3
5.1
5.6
4.9
4.4
3.7
3.6
5.2
4.5
4.0
3.3
3.2
4.6
4.5
3.9
2.9
2.9
5.3
5.1
5.1
4.0
3.4
1947........................................................................
1948........................................................................
1949........................................................................
4.0
3.6
5.9
10.3
10.1
13.7
11.3
9.6
14.6
8.5
6.9
10.4
3.4
2.8
5.2
2.6
2.4
4.3
2.6
2.5
4.3
2.9
3.1
5.4
2.8
3.4
5.1
1950........................................................................
1951........................................................................
1952...................... ..................................................
1953........................................................................
1954........................................................................
5.1
2.8
2.8
2.8
5.3
13.3
9.4
10.5
8.8
13.9
12.3
7.0
7.4
7.2
13.2
8.1
3.9
4.6
5.0
10.7
4.4
2.3
2.2
2.2
4.8
3.6
2.0
1.9
2.0
4.1
4.0
2.4
2.2
2.3
4.3
4.9
2.8
2.4
2.8
4.5
4.8
3.5
3.0
2.4
4.4
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
4.2
3.8
4.1
6.8
5.2
12.5
11.7
12.4
16.3
15.8
10.8
10.4
12.3
17.8
14.9
7.7
6.9
7.8
12.7
8.7
3.3
3.3
3.3
6.5
4.7
3.1
2.6
2.8
5.1
3.7
3.2
3.0
3.3
5.3
4.1
4.3
3.5
3.5
5.5
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.4
5.2
4.8
1960.........................................................................
1961.........................................................................
1962.........................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
5.4
6.4
5.2
5.2
4.6
15.5
18.3
15.9
18.8
17.1
15.0
16.3
13.8
15.9
14.6
8.9
10.7
8.9
8.8
8.1
4.8
5.7
4.5
4.5
3.5
3.8
4.6
3.6
3.5
2.9
4.1
4.9
3.9
3.6
3.2
4.6
5.7
4.6
4.3
3.9
4.2
5.5
4.6
4.5
4.0
1965.........................................................................
1966.........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8
16.1
13.7
14.5
13.9
13.8
12.4
10.2
10.5
9.7
9.4
6.3
4.6
4.7
5.1
5.1
3.0
2.4
2.1
1.9
1.9
2.6
2.0
1.7
1.6
1.5
2.5
2.0
1.9
1.6
1.5
3.3
2.6
2.4
1.9
1.8
3.5
3.1
2.8
2.9
2.2
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
1972........................................................................
1973.........................................................................
4.4
5.3
4.9
4.1
16.9
18.6
18.2
17.0
13.4
15.0
14.0
11.4
8.4
10.3
9.2
7.3
3.4
4.4
3.7
3.3
2.4
3.1
2.7
2.0
2.4
3.0
2.6
2.1
2.8
3.3
3.2
2.4
3.3
3.4
3.6
3.0
Males
67
Table 32. Unemployment rates by sex, race, and age, 1947-79— Continued
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
18.5
13.3
7.9
7.0
6.2
5.2
5.1
21.6
21.4
19.5
19.2
17.9
19.0
17.6
15.6
13.2
14.2
14.3
12.0
10.7
9.1
1947............................................................ ............
1948........................................................................
1949........................................................................
3.7
4.1
6.0
9.8
9.8
14.4
1950........................................................................
1951........................................................................
1952........................................................................
1953........................................................................
1954........................................................................
5.7
4.4
3.6
3.3
6.0
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
Sex, race, and year
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
Males— Continued
3.9
2.6
2.4
2.6
3.3
8.6
7.0
6.2
5.6
4.3
4.2
4.9
4.1
3.5
2.8
2.9
4.8
4.0
3.2
2.8
2.7
4.3
4.2
3.5
2.7
2.7
5.4
5.2
5.2
4.2
3.5
6.8
7.4
11.2
4.6
4.9
7.3
3.6
4.3
5.9
2.7
3.0
4.7
2.6
3.0
4.0
2.6
3.1
4.4
2.2
2.3
3.8
14.2
10.0
9.1
8.5
12.7
9.8
7.2
7.3
6.4
10.5
6.9
4.4
4.5
4.3
7.3
5.7
4.5
3.6
3.4
6.6
4.4
3.8
3.0
2.5
5.3
4.5
3.5
2.5
2.3
4.6
4.5
4.0
2.5
2.5
4.6
3.4
2.9
2.2
1.4
3.0
4.9
4.8
4.7
6.8
5.9
12.0
13.2
12.6
16.6
14.4
9.1
9.9
9.4
12.9
12.9
6.1
6.3
6.0
8.9
8.1
5.3
4.8
5.3
7.3
5.9
4.0
3.9
3.8
6.2
5.1
3.6
3.6
3.2
4.9
4.2
3.8
3.6
3.0
4.5
4.1
2.3
2.3
3.4
3.8
2.8
1960........................................................................
1961................................................... .....................
1962..................................... :..................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
15.4
18.3
16.8
20.3
18.8
13.0
15.1
13.5
15.2
15.1
8.3
9.8
9.1
8.9
8.6
6.3
7.3
6.5
6.9
6.3
4.8
6.3
5.2
5.1
5.0
4.2
5.1
4.1
4.2
3.9
3.4
4.5
3.5
3.6
3.5
2.8
3.9
4.1
3.2
3.4
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7
17.2
16.6
14.8
15.9
15.5
14.8
12.6
12.7
12.9
11.8
7.3
6.3
7.0
6.7
6.3
5.5
4.5
5.4
4.7
4.6
4.6
3.6
4.0
3.4
3.4
3.2
2.9
3.1
2.4
2.6
2.8
2.3
2.4
2.2
2.2
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.7
2.3
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
1972........................................................................
1973........................................................................
1974........................................................................
5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
17.4
18.7
18.8
17.7
18.2
14.4
16.2
15.2
13.5
15.4
7.9
9.6
9.3
8.4
9.5
5.7
7.0
6.2
5.8
6.2
4.4
5.2
4.9
3.9
4.6
3.5
4.0
3.6
3.2
3.7
2.7
3.3
3.3
2.8
3.3
3.1
3.6
3.5
2.9
3.7
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
1978........................................................................
1979........................................................................
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8
21.2
20.7
20.4
19.5
18.3
18.7
17.3
16.8
15.3
15.0
12.7
11.9
11.2
10.1
9.6
9.1
8.5
7.7
6.7
6.4
6.9
6.1
5.8
5.0
4.6
5.9
5.2
5.1
4.0
3.9
5.1
4.9
4.5
3.2
3.2
5.1
5.0
4.7
3.8
3.3
1948...................................... ,.................................
1949........................................................................
3.4
5.6
10.2
13.4
9.4
14.2
6.4
9.8
2.6
4.9
2.1
3.9
2.4
4.0
3.0
5.3
3.3
5.0
1950........................................................................
1951........................................................................
1952........................................................................
1953........................................................................
1954........................................................................
4.7
2.6
2.5
2.5
4.8
13.4
9.5
10.9
8.9
14.0
11.7
6.7
7.0
7.1
13.0
7.7
3.6
4.3
4.5
9.8
3.9
2.0
1.9
2.0
4.2
3.2
1.8
1.7
1.8
3.6
3.7
2.2
2.0
2.0
3.8
4.7
2.7
2.3
2.7
4.3
4.6
3.4
2.9
2.3
4.2
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
3.7
3.6
6.1
4.6
12.2
11.2
11.9
14.9
15.0
10.4
9.7
11.2
16.5
13.0
7.0
6.1
7.1
11.7
7.5
2.7
2.8
2.7
5.6
3.8
2.6
2.2
2.5
4.4
3.2
2.9
2.8
3.0
4.8
3.7
3.9
3.1
3.4
5.2
4.2
3.8
3.4
8.2
5.0
4.5
1960........................................................................
1961........................................................................
1962........................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........ ..............................................................
4.8
5.7
4.6
4.7
4.1
14.6
16.5
15.1
17.8
16.1
13.5
15.1
12.7
14.2
13.4
8.3
10.0
8.0
7.8
7.4
4.1
4.9
3.8
3.9
3.0
3.3
4.0
3.1
2.9
2.5
3.6
4.4
3.5
3.3
2.9
4.1
5.3
4.1
4.0
3.5
4.0
5.2
4.1
4.1
3.6
1965.........................................................................
3.6
14.7
11.4
5.9
2.6
2.3
2.3
3.1
3.0
1974........................................................................
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
1978........................................................................
1979........................................................................
4.8
8.7
Females
WHITE
Males
3.4
68
Table 32. Unemployment rates by sex, race, and age, 1947-79— Continued
Sex, race, and year
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
WHITE— Continued
Males— Continued
1966........................................................................
1967.........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.5
12.5
12.7
12.3
12.5
8.9
9.0
8.2
7.9
4.1
4.2
4.6
4.6
2.1
1.9
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.6
1.4
1.4
1.7
1.8
1.5
1.4
2.5
2.2
1.7
1.7
3.7
2.8
2.4
2.1
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
1972........................................................................
1973........................................................................
1974........................................................................
4.0
4.9
4.5
3.7
4.3
15.7
17.1
16.4
15.1
16.2
12.0
13.5
12.4
10.0
11.5
7.8
9.4
8.5
6.5
7.8
3.1
4.0
3.4
3.0
3.5
2.3
2.9
2.5
1.8
2.4
2.3
2.8
2.5
2.0
2.2
2.7
3.2
3.0
2.4
2.5
3.2
3.4
3.3
2.9
3.0
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
1978........................................................................
1979........................................................................
7.2
6.4
5.5
4.5
4.4
19.7
19.7
17.6
16.9
16.1
17.2
15.5
13.0
10.8
12.3
13.2
10.9
9.3
7.6
7.4
6.3
5.6
5.0
3.7
3.6
4.5
3.7
3.1
2.5
2.5
4.4
3.7
3.0
2.5
2.5
4.1
4.0
3.3
2.6
2.5
5.0
4.8
4.9
3.9
3.1
1948........................................................................
1949........................................................................
3.8
5.7
9.7
13.6
6.8
10.7
4.2
6.7
3.8
5.5
2.9
4.5
3.1
4.0
3.2
4.3
2.4
4.1
1950........................................................................
1951....... .................................................................
1952........................................................................
1953........................................................................
1954........................................................................
5.3
4.2
3.3
3.1
5.6
13.8
9.6
9.3
8.3
12.0
9.4
6.5
6.2
6.0
9.4
6.1
3.9
3.8
4.1
6.4
5.2
4.1
3.2
3.1
5.7
4.0
3.5
2.8
2.3
4.9
4.3
3.6
2.4
2.3
4.4
4.4
4.0
2.5
2.5
4.5
3.1
3.3
2.3
1.4
2.8
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
4.3
4.2
4.3
6.2
5.3
11.6
12.1
11.9
15.6
13.3
7.7
8.3
7.9
11.0
11.1
5.1
5.1
5.1
7.4
6.7
4.3
4.0
4.7
6.6
5.0
3.8
3.5
3.7
5.6
4.7
3.4
3.3
3.0
4.9
4.0
3.6
3.5
3.0
4.3
4.0
2.2
2.3
3.5
3.5
3.4
1960........................................................................
1961........................................................................
1962........................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
5.3
6.5
5.5
5.8
5.5
14.5
17.0
15.6
18.1
17.1
11.5
13.6
11.3
13.2
13.2
7.2
8.4
7.7
7.4
7.1
5.7
6.6
5.4
5.8
5.2
4.2
5.6
4.5
4.6
4.5
4.0
4.8
3.7
3.9
3.6
3.3
4.3
3.4
3.5
3.5
2.8
3.7
4.0
3.0
3.4
1965........................................................................
1966................... .......................................... ..........
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
5.0
4.3
4.6
4.3
4.2
15.0
14.5
12.9
13.9
13.8
13.4
10.7
10.6
11.0
10.0
6.3
5.3
6.0
5.9
5.5
4.8
3.7
4.7
3.9
4.2
4.1
3.3
3.7
3.1
3.2
3.0
2.7
2.9
2.3
2.4
2.7
2.2
2.3
2.1
2.1
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.4
1970............................................. ...........................
1971........................................................................
1972........................................................................
1973........................................................................
1974.................................. ......................................
5.4
6.3
5.9
5.3
6.1
15.3
16.7
17.0
15.7
16.4
11.9
14.1
12.3
10.9
13.0
6.9
8.5
8.2
7.0
8.2
5.3
6.3
5.5
5.1
5.7
4.3
4.9
4.5
3.7
4.3
3.4
3.9
3.5
3.1
3.6
2.6
3.3
3.3
2.8
3.3
3.2
3.6
3.7
2.8
3.9
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977.................................................................. ......
1978........................................................................
1979................................................... .....................
8.6
7.9
7.3
6.2
5.9
19.2
18.2
18.2
17.1
15.9
16.1
15.1
14.2
12.4
12.5
11.2
10.4
9.3
8.3
7.8
8.5
7.6
6.7
5.8
5.6
6.6
5.8
5.3
4.5
4.2
5.8
5.0
5.0
3.8
3.7
5.1
4.8
4.4
3.0
3.0
5.3
5.3
4.9
3.7
3.1
1948........................................................................
1949........................................................................
5.8
9.6
9.4
15.8
10.5
17.1
11.7
15.8
4.7
8.5
5.2
8.1
3.7
7.9
3.5
7.0
4.6
6.2
1950...................... ..................................................
1951............................................................ ............
1952.........................................................................
1953.........................................................................
1954........................................................................
9.4
4.9
5.2
4.8
10.3
12.1
8.7
8.0
8.3
13.4
17.7
9.6
10.0
8.1
14.7
12.6
6.7
7.9
8.1
16.9
10.0
5.5
5.5
4.3
10.1
7.9
3.4
4.4
3.6
9.0
7.4
3.6
4.2
5.1
9.3
8.0
4.1
3.7
3.6
7.5
7.0
4.7
4.7
3.1
7.5
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957.........................................................................
1958............ ............................................................
8.8
7.9
8.3
13.8
14.8
15.7
16.3
27.1
12.9
14.9
20.0
26.7
12.4
12.0
12.7
19.5
8.6
7.6
8.5
14.7
8.2
6.6
6.4
11.4
6.4
5.4
6.2
10.3
9.0
8.1
5.5
10.1
7.6
4.9
5.0
9.1
Females
B L A C K AND OTH ER
Males
69
Table 32. Unemployment rates by sex, race, and age, 1947-79— Continued
Sex, race, and year
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
B L A C K AND O T H E R — Continued
Males— Continued
1959........................................................................
11.5
22.3
27.2
16.3
12.3
8.9
7.9
8.7
8.4
1960........................................................................
1961........................................................................
1962........................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964......................... ...............................................
10.7
12.8
10.9
10.5
8.9
22.7
31.0
21.9
27.0
25.9
25.1
23.9
21.8
27.4
23.1
13.1
15.3
14.6
15.5
12.6
10.7
12.9
10.5
9.5
7.7
8.2
10.7
8.6
8.0
6.2
8.5
10.2
8.3
7.1
5.9
9.5
10.5
9.6
7.4
8.1
6.3
9.4
11.9
10.1
8.3
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
7.4
6.3
6.0
5.6
5.3
27.1
22.5
28.9
26.6
24.7
20.2
20.5
20.1
19.0
19.0
9.3
7.9
8.0
8.3
8.4
6.2
4.9
4.4
3.8
3.4
5.1
4.2
3.1
2.9
2.4
5.1
4.1
3.4
2.5
2.4
5.4
4.4
4.1
3.6
3.2
5.2
4.9
5.1
4.0
3.2
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
1972........................................................................
1973........................................................................
1974........................................................................
7.3
9.1
8.9
7.6
9.1
27.8
33.4
35.1
34.4
39.0
23.1
26.0
26.2
22.1
26.6
12.6
16.2
14.7
12.6
15.4
6.1
7.4
6.8
5.8
7.2
3.9
4.9
4.8
4.0
4.1
3.3
4.5
3.8
3.2
4.0
3.4
4.7
4.6
3.1
3.6
3.8
3.4
6.9
3.6
5.6
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
1978........................................................................
1979........................................................................
13.7
12.7
12.4
10.9
10.3
39.4
37.7
38.7
40.0
34.4
32.9
34.0
36.1
30.8
29.6
22.9
20.7
21.7
20.0
17.0
11.9
11.0
10.6
8.8
8.6
8.3
7.3
6.1
4.9
5.8
9.0
7.2
5.2
5.0
5.2
6.1
6.2
6.4
4.4
4.8
9.5
9.3
8.3
7.1
6.3
1948........................................................................
1949........................................................................
6.1
7.9
11.8
20.3
14.6
15.9
10.2
12.5
7.3
8.5
4.0
6.2
2.9
4.0
3.0
5.4
1.6
1.6
1950........................................................................
1951........................................................................
1952........................................................................
1953........................................................................
1954........................................................................
8.4
6.1
5.7
4.1
9.3
17.6
13.0
6.3
10.3
19.1
14.1
15.1
16.8
9.9
21.6
13.0
8.8
10.7
5.5
13.2
9.1
7.1
6.2
4.9
10.9
6.6
5.6
4.0
3.5
7.3
5.9
2.8
3.5
2.1
5.9
4.8
3.4
2.4
2.1
4.9
5.7
1.6
1.5
1.6
5.1
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
8.4
8.9
7.3
10.8
9.4
15.4
22.0
18.3
25.4
25.8
21.4
23.4
21.3
30.0
29.9
13.0
14.8
12.2
18.9
14.9
10.2
9.1
8.1
11.1
9.7
5.5
6.8
4.7
9.2
7.6
5.2
5.6
4.2
4.9
6.1
5.5
£■ 3
4.0
6.2
5.0
3.3
2.8
4.3
5.6
2.3
1960........................................................................
1961........................................................................
1962........................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964........................................................................
9.4
11.8
11.0
11.2
10.6
25.7
31.1
27.8
40.1
36.5
24.5
28.2
31.2
31.9
29.2
15.3
19.5
18.2
18.7
18.3
9.1
11.1
11.5
11.7
11.2
8.6
10.7
8.9
8.2
7.8
5.7
7.4
7.1
6.1
6.1
4.3
6.3
3.6
4.8
3.8
4.1
6.5
3.7
3.6
2.2
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
9.2
8.6
9.1
8.3
7.8
37.8
34.8
32.0
33.7
31.2
27.8
29.2
28.3
26.2
25.7
13.7
12.6
13.8
12.3
12.0
8.4
8.1
8.7
8.4
6.6
7.6
5.0
6.2
5.0
4.5
4.4
5.0
4.4
3.2
3.7
3.9
3.3
3.4
2.8
2.9
3.1
4.0
3.4
2.4
1.1
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
1972........................................................................
1973........................................................................
1974........................................................................
9.3
10.8
11.3
10.5
10.7
36.9
38.5
38.3
36.5
36.2
32.9
33.7
38.7
33.3
33.7
15.0
17.3
17.4
17.6
18.0
7.9
10.7
10.2
9.7
8.6
4.8
6.9
7.2
5.3
6.7
4.0
4.2
4.7
3.7
4.3
3.2
3.5
4.0
3.2
3.3
1.9
3.9
2.0
3.9
1.5
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........... .............................................................
1978.........................................................................
1979........................................................................
14.0
13.6
14.0
13.1
12.3
38.9
46.0
44.7
41.7
39.4
38.3
35.0
37.4
36.5
33.4
22.5
21.7
23.6
21.3
20.8
12.9
13.0
12.9
11.2
11.0
8.6
8.1
8.5
7.6
7.0
6.7
6.1
5.6
5.6
4.9
5.3
5.5
4.9
5.1
4.6
3.1
2.6
3.6
4.8
4.6
Females
70
Table 33. Unemployment rates of black and Hispanic-origin workers by sex and age, 1975-79
Race, sex, and year
Total,
16
years
and
over
16 to 19 years
Total
16 and
17
years
18 and
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
65
years
and
over
BLACK1
197 5 ......................................................................................
197 6 ......................................................................................
197 7 ......................................................................................
197 8 ......................................................................................
197 9 ......................................................................................
14.7
13.8
13.9
12.6
12.2
39.4
39.3
41.1
38.6
36.5
41.7
44.1
44.4
43.9
40.2
38.1
36.6
39.3
35.5
34.3
24.5
22.6
24.2
21.7
20.4
13.0
12.7
12.6
10.7
10.7
8.9
8.0
7.5
6.5
6.8
8.3
6.8
5.4
5.3
5.3
5.9
5.8
5.4
4.7
4.9
6.5
6.1
6.1
5.9
5.4
14.7
13.5
13.1
11.6
11.2
38.1
37.4
39.1
36.5
34.1
41.9
40.6
40.8
42.8
37.9
35.7
35.5
38.0
32.7
31.9
24.7
22.4
23.0
20.8
18.4
12.7
11.9
11.7
9.6
9.4
8.8
7.6
6.3
5.2
6.3
9.3
7.4
5.1
5.0
5.4
6.3
6.2
5.9
4.4
5.1
8.8
8.6
7.9
6.4
6.3
14.8
14.2
14.8
13.7
13.2
41.0
41.6
43.6
41.0
39.2
41.4
48.4
49.4
45.2
42.9
40.7
37.8
40.7
38.6
36.9
24.3
22.8
25.5
22.6
22.4
13.4
13.6
13.6
11.7
11.9
9.1
8.5
8.7
7.8
7.2
7.1
6.0
5.8
5.6
5.2
5.3
5.4
4.7
5.1
4.7
3.3
2.8
3.6
5.1
3.9
12.2
11.6
10.1
9.1
8.3
27.7
23.8
22.8
20.6
19.1
30.0
30.6
27.3
28.6
26.3
26.5
19.7
20.1
15.1
14.8
16.7
15.8
12.2
10.8
10.3
9.9
9.2
8.8
8.0
6.6
8.6
8.4
6.0
6.5
6.2
8.1
8.3
7.3
5.8
5.3
7.7
8.9
7.9
5.0
5.8
9.9
12.5
8.7
7.7
5.1
11.4
10.8
9.0
7.6
6.9
27.6
23.9
20.5
19.5
17.4
29.3
29.9
24.4
27.2
23.4
26.5
19.8
18.2
13.8
13.8
16.3
16.2
12.2
9.3
9.0
9.6
8.3
8.2
6.5
5.2
7.9
7.2
4.9
4.9
5.1
7.0
7.2
5.4
4.9
4.3
6.8
8.6
6.8
4.2
4.9
11.0
11.7
10.4
8.8
5.3
13.6
12.9
11.9
11.3
10.4
27.9
23.7
26.1
22.0
21.3
31.0
31.6
31.0
30.3
30.5
26.4
19.5
23.0
16.6
16.1
17.2
15.1
12.3
13.1
12.2
10.5
10.6
9.7
10.4
8.9
9.9
10.4
7.9
9.2
7.8
10.0
10.3
10.7
7.3
7.0
9.3
9.5
10.2
6.5
7.4
6.5
14.7
3.2
4.2
4.5
Males
1975......................................................................................
1976......................................................................................
1977......................................................................................
1978......................................................................................
1979......................................................................................
Females
1975......................................................................................
1976......................................................................................
1977......................................................................................
1978......................................................................................
1979......................................................................................
HISPANIC ORIGIN2
1975......................................................................................
1976......................................................................................
1977......................................................................................
1978......................................................................................
1979......................................................................................
Males
19 7 5 ......................................................................................
19 7 6 ......................................................................................
1977......................................................................................
19 7 8 ......................................................................................
1979......................................................................................
Females
19 7 5 ......................................................................................
1976......................................................................................
1977......................................................................................
19 7 8 ......................................................................................
19 7 9 ......................................................................................
1See footnote 1, table 11.
2 See footnote 2, table 11.
N o t e : See note, table 11.
71
Table 34. Unemployment rates by sex and marital status, 1955-79
Males
Year
Both
sexes
Total
Single
Females
Married,
spouse
present
Widowed,
divorced,
or
separated
Total
Single
Married,
spouse
present
Widowed,
divorced,
or
separated
1955........................................................................
1956........................................................................
1957........................................................................
1958........................................................................
1959........................................................................
4.0
3.8
4.3
6.8
5.5
3.9
3.5
4.1
6.8
5.3
8.6
7.7
9.2
13.3
11.6
2.6
2.3
2.8
5.1
3.6
7.1
6.2
6.8
11.2
8.6
4.3
4.3
4.7
6.8
5.9
5.0
5.3
5.6
7.4
7.1
3.7
3.6
4.3
6.5
5.2
5.0
5.0
4.7
6.7
6.2
1960........................................................................
1961........................................................................
1962........................................................................
1963........................................................................
1964....... .................................................................
5.6
6.7
5.6
5.7
5.2
5.4
6.5
5.3
5.3
4.7
11.7
13.1
11.2
12.4
11.5
3.7
4.6
3.6
3.4
2.8
8.4
10.3
9.9
9.6
8.9
5.9
7.2
6.2
6.5
6.2
7.5
8.7
7.9
8.9
8.7
5.2
6.4
5.4
5.4
5.1
5.9
7.4
6.4
6.7
6.4
1965........................................................................
19661.......................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
4.6
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
4.0
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8
10.1
8.6
8.3
8.0
8.0
2.4
1.9
1.8
1.6
1.5
7.2
5.5
4.9
4.2
4.0
5.5
4.8
5.2
4.8
4.7
8.2
7.9
7.5
7.6
7.3
4.5
3.7
4.5
3.9
3.9
5.4
4.7
4.6
4.2
4.0
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
1972.........................................................................
1973........................................................................
1974........................................................................
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
4.4
5.3
4.9
4.1
4.8
11.2
13.2
12.4
10.4
11.8
2.6
3.2
2.8
2.3
2.7
6.4
7.4
7.0
5.4
6.2
5.9
6.9
6.6
6.0
6.7
9.0
10.5
10.1
9.4
10.5
4.9
5.7
5.4
4.6
5.3
5.2
6.3
6.1
5.8
6.3
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977.........................................................................
1978.........................................................................
1979........................................................................
8.5
7.7
7.0
6.0
5.8
7.9
7.0
6.2
5.2
5.1
16.1
15.0
13.4
11.6
11.0
5.1
4.2
3.6
2.8
2.7
11.0
9.8
8.3
6.5
6.5
9.3
8.6
8.2
7.2
6.8
13.0
12.1
12.1
10.9
10.4
7.9
7.1
6.5
5.5
5.1
8.9
8.7
7.8
6.9
6.7
1 See footnote 2, table 5.
72
Table 35. Unemployment rates and percent distribution of the unemployed by occupation, 1958-79
Experienced workers
Item
Total
16
years
and
over
Total
Pro
fes
sional
and
tech
nical
Manag
ers and
adminis
trators,
except
farm
Sales
work
ers
Cleri
cal
work
ers
Total
Craft
and
kin
dred
work
ers
Farm
ers
and
farm
labor
ers
Per
sons
with
no
previ
ous
work
experi
ence1
Service workers
Blue-collar workers
White-collar workers
Total
Pri
vate
house
hold
work
ers
Other
serv
ice
work
ers
Operatives
Total
Ex
cept
trans
port
Trans
port
equip
ment
Non
farm
labor
ers
UN EM PLO Y
MENT R A TE
1958..................
1959..................
6.8
5.5
3.1
2,6
2.0
1.7
1.7
1.3
4.1
3.8
4.4
3.7
10.2
7.6
6.8
5.3
11.0
7.6
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
15.1
12.6
6.9
6.1
5.6
5.2
7.4
6.4
3.2
2.6
—
—
1960..................
1961..................
1962..................
1963..................
1964..................
5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
2.7
3.3
2.8
2.9
2.6
1.7
2.0
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.4
1.8
1.5
1.5
1.4
3.8
4.9
4.3
4.3
3.5
3.8
4.6
4.0
4.0
3.7
7.8
9.2
7.4
7.3
6.3
5.3
6.3
5.1
4.8
4.1
8.0
9.6
7.5
7.5
6.6
(2)
(2)
(2
)
(2
)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2
)
(2)
12.6
14.7
12.5
12.4
10.8
5.8
7.2
6.2
6.1
6.0
5.3
6.4
5.5
5.8
5.4
6.0
7.4
6.5
6.3
6.1
2.7
2.8
2.3
3.0
3.1
_
—
—
—
—
1965..................
1966..................
1967..................
1968..................
1969..................
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
2.3
2.0
2.2
2.0
2.1
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.3
1.1
1.0
.9
1.0
.9
3.4
2.8
3.2
2.8
2.9
3.3
2.9
3.1
3.0
3.0
5.3
4.2
4.4
4.1
3.9
3.6
2.8
2.5
2.4
2.2
5.5
4.4
5.0
4.5
4.4
(2
)
(2)
(2)
(2
)
(2)
(2
)
(2
)
(2)
(2)
(2)
8.6
7.4
7.6
7.2
6.7
5.3
4.6
4.5
4.4
4.2
4.7
4.1
4.1
3.9
3.6
5.5
4.8
4.6
4.6
4.3
2.6
2.2
2.3
2.1
1.9
—
—
—
‘—
—
1970..................
1971..................
1972..................
1973..................
1974..................
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
2.8
3.5
3.4
2.9
3.3
2.0
2.9
2.4
2.2
2.3
1.3
1.6
1.8
1.4
1.8
3.9
4.3
4.3
3.7
4.2
4.0
4.8
4.7
4.2
4.6
6.2
7.4
6.5
5.3
6.7
3.8
4.7
4.3
3.7
4.4
7.1
8.3
6.9
5.7
7.5
(2
)
(2
)
7.6
6.1
8.2
(2)
(2)
4.7
4.1
5.1
9.5
10.8
10.3
8.4
10.1
5.3
6.3
6.3
5.7
6.3
4.2
4.5
4.0
4.4
4.4
5.5
6.6
6.6
5.9
6.5
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.5
—
—
—
—
—
1975..................
1976...... ...........
1977..................
1978.................
1979..................
8.5
7.7
7.0
6.0
5.8
4.7
4.6
4.3
3.5
3.3
3.2
3.2
3.0
2.6
2.4
3.0
3.1
2.8
2.1
2.1
5.8
5.4
5.3
4.1
3.9
6.6
6.4
5.9
4.9
4.6
11.7
9.4
8.1
6.9
6.9
8.3
6.9
5.6
4.6
4.5
13.2
10.1
8.8
7.4
7.7
14.7
10.8
9.5
8.1
8.4
8.5
7.7
6.6
5.2
5.4
15.6
13.7
12.0
10.7
10.8
8.6
8.7
8.2
7.4
7.1
5.4
5.7
5.0
5.1
4.8
8.9
9.1
8.5
7.6
7.3
3.5
4.5
4.6
3.8
3.8
_
—
—
—
—
1958..................
1959..................
100.0
100.0
18.4
19.7
3.0
3.3
2.6
2.4
3.7
4.5
9.1
9.5
57.4
52.6
13.4
12.7
30.6
26.0
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2
)
13.4
14.0
12.1
13.4
2.5
2.9
9.5
10.5
3.8
3.8
8.3
10.5
1960..................
1961..................
1962..................
1963..................
1964...................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
20.2
21.0
21.7
21.7
21.6
3.4
3.4
3.6
3.8
3.9
2.5
2.8
2.8
2.7
2.7
4.3
4.6
4.7
4.6
4.1
10.0
10.1
10.6
10.6
10.8
52.8
51.1
49.2
47.7
45.3
12.3
12.4
11.8
11.2
10.3
27.1
26.5
24.9
24.7
23.9
(2)
(2)
(2
)
(2
)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
13.3
12.3
12.4
11.9
11.1
12.9
13.6
14.2
13.9
14.9
2.9
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.1
10.0
10.6
11.2
10.9
11.8
3.7
3.1
2.7
3.3
3.6
10.4
11.3
12.1
13.4
14.7
1965..................
1966..................
1967..................
1968..................
1969..................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
22.3
23.6
25.3
25.7
27.6
4.0
4.3
4.5
4.5
5.1
2.5
2.6
2.3
2.7
2.7
4.8
4.6
5.1
4.7
4.9
11.1
12.1
13.4
13.9
14.8
43.4
41.5
42.6
41.7
40.8
10.2
9.7
8.4
8.7
8.0
22.9
21.9
24.5
23.2
23.4
(2)
(2)
(2
)
(2
)
(2
)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2
)
10.3
9.9
9.7
9.8
9.4
14.9
15.5
14.8
15.5
14.8
2.9
2.9
2.5
2.5
2.2
12.0
12.7
12.3
13.0
12.7
3.3
2.8
2.9
2.6
2.2
16.1
16.6
14.5
14.5
14.6
1970..................
1971..................
1972..................
1973..................
1974..................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
27.2
27.8
28.3
28.3
28.0
5.6
6.7
5.8
6.0
5.6
2.7
2.9
3.0
2.9
3.3
4.8
4.5
4.9
4.8
4.7
14.2
13.7
14.5
14.6
14.3
45.1
43.6
40.8
39.2
42.1
9.7
10.2
10.0
10.1
10.3
25.8
23.7
20.8
19.9
22.1
(2
)
(2)
17.6
16.7
18.7
(2
)
(2)
3.3
3.C
3.5
9.6
9.8
10.0
9.2
9.7
13.2
14.4
15.2
15.7
15.1
1.7
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.1
11.5
13.0
14.0
14.2
13.9
2.0
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.6
12.4
12.6
14.0
15.0
13.3
1975..................
1976..................
1977..................
1978..................
1979..................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
26.8
29.0
29.5
28.4
28.6
5.4
6.0
6.2
6.3
6.3
3.5
4.1
4.0
3.5
3.8
4.3
4.3
4.6
4.2
4.2
13.6
14.6
14.6
14.3
14.3
47.4
41.3
38.7
38.4
39.8
12.7
11.4
10.3
10.0
10.1
25.0
20.5
19.4
19.1
20.2
21.2
16.7
15.9
15.9
16.8
3.8
3.7
3.6
3.2
3.5
9.8
9.4
9.0
9.4
9.5
13.9
15.8
16.1
17.0
16.4
.9
.9
.9
1.0
.9
13.1
14.9
15.2
16.0
15.5
1.4
1.8
1.9
1.8
1.8
10.4
12.1
13.7
14.4
13.4
PERCENT
DISTRIBUTION
Population Survey in Jan. 1971 and the question that was added to the
survey in Dec. 1971. However, the new classification system does affect
the comparability of the percent distribution of unemployment. For further
explanation, see the Technical Note on the Current Population Survey.
1 Unemployed persons who never held a full-time civilian job.
available.
2 Not
Note : Unemployment rates by occupation group are not considered sig
nificantly affected by the changes in the occupational classification system
for the 1970 Census of Population that were introduced into the Current
73
Table 36. Unemployment rates and percent distribution of the unemployed by sex, occupation, and
age, 1972-79
Unemployed as percent of civilian labor
force
Sex and occupation
All
age
groups
16 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
44
years
Percent distribution of the unemployed
All
age
groups
16 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
44
years
4b
years
and
over
569
2.9
1.8
1.4
2.4
2.2
3.8
4.1
2.7
6.3
(2
)
3.8
.1
3.6
2,328
100.0
6.6
4.5
4.3
6.0
19.7
18.3
6.6
19.8
(3
)
11.6
.1
2.5
460
100.0
1.7
1.1
4.3
5.7
8.5
18.9
3.9
29.8
574
100.0
5.4
2.1
4.2
8.4
15.0
21.5
5.9
23.9
726
100.0
10.4
6.1
3.6
4.7
23.6
18.2
9.8
15.3
5.2
2.3
569
100.0
7.0
7.9
5.1
5.1
28.5
14.9
5.3
13.2
.2
10.9
.2
1.8
404
3.4
1.8
1.5
3.3
2.8
4.4
6.9
4.3
3.4
2.5
3.6
1.3
2.6
1,835
100.0
7.0
2.2
7.5
30.8
1.3
23.2
.3
1.2
3.2
22.2
.1
1.1
305
100.0
2.6
.7
10.9
28.4
.7
16.2
1.7
5.0
31.7
449
100.0
6.0
1.3
8.7
39.1
.7
17.8
.2
1.1
1.8
22.7
—
—
2.3 .
45
years
and
over
1972
M A LES
Experienced workers:1
Number (thousands)............................
Percent.................................................
Professional and technical workers...........
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers............................................
Clerical workers............................... ..........
Craft and kindred workers..........................
Operatives, except transport.....................
Transport equipment operatives................
Nonfarm laborers.......................................
Private household workers.........................
Service workers, except private household
Farmers and farm m anagers.....................
Farm laborers and supervisors...................
574
8.6
4.2
3.3
6.3
8.0
6.8
10.1
7.9
15.7
2,328
4.4
2.2
1.6
3.1
3.9
4.2
6.3
4.8
10.5
2.9
6.2
.1
5.9
460
10.9
7.4
8.9
8.1
9.3
10.7
11.4
10.2
12.7
—
—
7.8
1,835
5.6
2.8
2.8
5.8
5.0
5.6
9.7
3.6
7.6
4.0
7.0
1.0
4.3
305
9.3
8.2
(2
)
8.6
7.4
(2
)
16.1
726
3.2
1.9
1.4
1.9
2.4
3.4
4.8
4.7
8.7
—
—
—
12.0
11.3
7.9
3.4
.2
4.8
449
8.5
3.4
6.1
12.2
7.2
7.0
14.5
(2)
12.2
8.6
12.1
677
5.4
3.0
3.6
4.9
4.8
6.0
9.8
2.6
8.3
5.4
6.5
—
—
—
20.9
11.3
6.5
.1
1.7
—
—
F E M A LE S
Experienced workers:1
Number (thousands)............................
Percent................................................
Professional and technical workers...........
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales w orkers............................................
Clerical workers..........................................
Craft and kindred workers..........................
Operatives, except transport.....................
Transport equipment operatives................
Nonfarm lab orers.......................................
Private household workers.........................
Service workers, except private household
Farmers and farm m anagers.....................
Farm laborers and supervisors...................
—
9.8
4.6
11.5
—
10.6
—
(2)
—
2.9
—
404
100.0
6.5
3.0
7.9
24.1
2.0
30.8
.5
.7
677
100.0
10.2
2.8
5.0
30.4
1.5
25.5
.3
1.3
2.7
19.8
.1
.7
474
100.0
5.7
2.5
4.4
7.2
15.6
22.7
6.5
22.1
622
100.0
9.3
5.3
4.5
5.5
25.9
15.8
9.0
14.8
444
100.0
6.1
7.9
4.3
4.7
30.3
13.5
7.2
11.9
10.9
—
2.3
7.9
—
2.1
11.0
.2
2.9
425
100.0
8.0
.9
8.7
34.6
1.4
18.6
.2
1.9
2.4
22.6
631
100.0
11.5
3.2
5.2
30.1
1.7
23.2
.3
1.7
3.0
19.2
351
100.0
7.4
4.0
7.2
27.5
2.3
27.2
.3
1.1
4.9
16.9
—
—
—
.7
.8
1.1
.7
4.5
18.6
.2
1.2
1973
M A LES
Experienced workers:1
Number (thousands).............................
Percent.................................................
Professional and technical workers............
Managers and administrators, except fa rm .
Sales w orkers.............................................
Clerical workers...........................................
Craft and kindred workers...........................
Operatives, except transport......................
Transport equipment operatives.................
Nonfarm laborers........................................
Private household workers..........................
Service workers, except private household.
Farmers and farm managers.......................
Farm laborers and supervisors...................
1,940
3.6
1.7
1.2
2.5
3.0
3.6
4.9
4.1
8.4
/2\
()
5.5
.1
5.7
402
9.1
7.5
6.5
5.6
5.9
7.6
9.4
9.0
10.6
474
6.7
3.7
2.9
5.4
5.3
5.3
8.4
6.5
11.5
622
2.7
1.4
1.0
2.1
2.4
3.1
3.5
3.7
7.3
444
2.3
1.2
1.2
1.0
1.5
1.7'
2.9
3.0
4.8
1,940
100.0
6.2
4.3
4.2
5.4
20.9
17.8
7.0
18.9
402
100.0
1.7
.7
3.5
4.2
9.0
19.9
4.2
29.1
10.9
8.8
3.5
—
—
7.4
6.6
4.9
12.3
(2)
3.0
22.1
—
3.2
.1
4.5
1,719
5.0
2.9
2.5
5.2
4.5
5.9
7.9
2.7
9.4
4.4
6.2
.9
4.2
313
8.9
8.6
6.5
7.4
7.1
12.3
13.8
9.7
13.3
5.3
10.6
(2
)
10.2
425
7.7
4.2
3.6
11.5
6.0
10.0
12.0
3.8
12.8
10.4
10.5
631
4.8
3.0
3.2
4.6
4.2
5.3
7.8
2.2
9.2
5.8
5.7
351
3.0
1.7
1.7
2.7
2.8
4.2
5.4
2.5
5.1
2.5
2.9
1,719
100.0
8.2
2.3
7.2
30.5
1.7
21.6
.3
1.8
3.5
21.7
.1
1.0
313
100.0
2.6
.3
9.3
29.1
1.3
16.3
.3
2.9
4.8
31.0
.3
1.9
/2\
/2\
o
.d
—
5.2
FE M A LE S
Experienced workers:1
Number (thousands)............................
Percent.................................................
Professional and technical workers...........
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales w orkers............................................
Clerical workers..........................................
Craft and kindred workers..........................
Operatives, except transport.....................
Transport equipment operatives................
Nonfarm laborers.......................................
Private household workers.....................
Service workers, except private household
Farmers and farm m anagers.....................
Farm laborers and supervisors...................
.
See footnotes at end of table.
74
—
■
—
—
(2)
3.4
2.1
Table 36* Unemployment rates and percent distribution of the unemployed by sex, occupation, and
age, 1972-79— Continued
Unemployed as percent of civilian labor
force
Sex and occupation
All
age
groups
16 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
44
years
All
age
groups
16 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
44
years
45
years
and
over
505
100.0
1.2
.6
3.8
4.2
8.7
22.2
4.4
29.2
.2
21.0
597
100.0
5.4
2.9
3.9
6.6
18.0
22.9
6.9
22.2
780
100.0
8.5
5.9
4.4
4.9
25.7
19.2
8.8
14.0
495
100.0
6.3
9.5
4.7
4.5
27.3
15.2
6.9
13.2
9.8
4.6
1.5
6.7
.1
1.9
10.1
.4
2.0
491
100.0
6.5
1.8
8.6
33.1
1.0
20.2
.4
2.2
1.8
23.7
748
100.0
11.4
3.3
4.3
30.3
2.1
25.4
.7
1.5
2.4
17.7
—
.9
410
100.0
5.9
4.9
7.8
26.6
1.7
30.0
.5
1.5
3.7
16.6
.2
.7
899
100.0
6.6
8.4
3.9
4.6
30.8
16.2
5.1
13.2
1974
M A LES
Experienced workers:1
Number (thousands).........................................................................
Percent..............................................................................................
Professional and technical workers.........................................................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm .............................................
Sales w orkers..........................................................................................
Clerical w orkers.......................................................................................
Craft and kindred workers........................................................................
Operatives, except transport...................................................................
Transport equipment operatives.............................................................
Nonfarm laborers.....................................................................................
Private household workers...................................................................... j
Service "workers except private household............................................
Farmers and farm m anagers...................................................................
Farm laborers and supervisors................................................................
45
years
and
over
Percent distribution of the unemployed
2,377
4.3
1.8
1.5
3.0
3.4
4.3
6.8
5.1
10.1
(2)
6.0
.2
5.4
505
11.0
5.9
5.0
7.5
7.3
9.0
13.3
11.3
12.9
(2)
12.4
597
8.3
4.3
4.1
6.1
6.4
7.4
10.5
8.4
13.6
780
3.3
1.5
1.3
2.4
2.7
3.7
5.3
4.5
8.3
495
2.6
1.3
1.4
1.9
1.8
3.2
3.8
3.1
6.1
9.4
7.0
4.9
3.6
.2
5.3
3.2
.2
3.5
2,377
100.0
5.7
4.7
4.2
5.0
20.5
19.8
7.0
19.0
.1
11.3
.2
2.4
2,023
5.7
2.9
3.3
5.9
4.9
6.5
10.2
5.0
10.0
4.3
6.9
.7
4.2
374
10.1
10.2
(2)
8.4
7.9
16.7
18.2
—
14.5
4.4
12.1
—
8.3
491
8.5
3.8
6.1
12.4
6.4
7.2
15.2
(2
)
15.7
10.2
11.9
—
8.8
748
5.3
3.1
3.7
4.3
4.7
6.6
9.8
5.2
8.0
6.3
5.9
—
4.7
410
3.5
1.6
2.3
3.5
3.1
3.5
7.2
4.2
5.5
2.4
3.2
1.5
1.9
2,023
100.0
7.4
2.8
7.0
29.9
1.7
23.5
.4
1.9
2.7
21.8
(3)
.8
374
100.0
2.4
.3
9.4
29.0
1.6
16.9
—
2.9
3.2
33.0
1.3
.6
899
4.7
2.4
2.2
2.9
3.3
6.6
7.6
4.3
11.2
—
5.5
.1
5.3
4,012
100.0
5.5
4.9
3.5
4.7
23.3
21.2
7.1
17.7
.1
10.1
(3)
2.0
657
100.0
1.7
.6
2.9
4.0
10.0
19.5
3.8
30.7
(3)
21.5
1,447
100.0
6.8
6.5
3.4
4.1
28.4
21.4
9.7
12.7
.1
5.7
5.2
1,009
100.0
4.9
2.3
3.6
6.0
18.0
26.3
7.1
20.3
.1
9.7
(3
)
1.6
1.2
9.6
(3)
1.6
653
5.5
2.3
2.9
5.0
4.5
8.7
13.1
5.3
9.3
3.7
5.0
3,001
100.0
6.9
2.7
6.6
29.2
2.0
26.9
.5
1.8
2.1
20.5
463
100.0
1.7
.2
10.6
27.8
1.3
16.8
.4
2.4
3.4
33.4
699
100.0
6.6
2.0
7.3
33.2
1.3
23.0
.4
2.0
1.4
22.2
1,185
100.0
9.9
3.5
4.3
29.8
2.2
29.2
.5
1.7
1.5
16.8
653
100.0
5.4
3.7
7.0
24.6
2.8,
34.2
.5
1.7
3.2
16.4
FEMALES
Experienced workers:1
Number (thousands).........................................................................
Percent..............................................................................................
Professional and technical w orkers........................................................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm ............. ...............................
Sales w orkers.........................................................................................
Clerical workers......................................................................................
Craft and kindred workers.......................................................................
Operatives, except transport..................................................................
Transport equipment operatives............................................................
Nonfarm laborers....................................................................................
Private household workers......................................................................
Service workers, except private household............................................
Farmers and farm m anagers...................................................................
Farm laborers and supervisors................................................................
—
—
1975
M A LES
Experienced workers:1
Number (thousands).........................................................................
Percent..............................................................................................
Professional and technical workers.........................................................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm .............................................
Sales w orkers..........................................................................................
Clerical w orkers.......................................................................................
Craft and kindred workers........................................................................
Operatives, except transport...................................................................
Transport equipment operatives.............................................................
Nonfarm laborers.....................................................................................
Private household workers.......................................................................
Service workers, except private household.............................................
Farmers and farm m anagers...................................................................
Farm laborers and supervisors................................................................
4,012
7.3
2.8
2.7
4.3
5.3
8.2
12.5
8.5
15.8
(2
)
8.5
.2
7.7
657
14.7
10.8
7.3
8.0
9.1
15.3
18.1
12.3
17.9
(2)
14.9
.6
10.0
1,009
13.7
6.4
5.5
9.4
10.0
12.4
20.1
14.7
21.8
(2)
13.8
.8
8.4
1,447
6.0
2.3
2.7
3.5
4.3
7.7
11.0
9.0
13.6
3,001
8.2
3.8
4.5
7.8
6.9
10.5
17.9
7.4
13.4
5.3
9.2
463
12.5
9.0
4.8
11.3
10.1
19.5
27.9
13.8
13.4
5.6
13.8
—
14.6
699
11.7
5.2
9.1
14.3
9.0
11.3
24.7
18.9
19.2
11.8
14.4
1,185
7.9
4.0
5.3
6.3
6.8
10.7
18.5
5.7
14.0
6.6
8.3
—
5.3
—
5.2
4.0
6.7
—
—
—
FEM ALES
Experienced workers:1
Number (thousands).........................................................................
Percent..............................................................................................
Professional and technical w orkers.........................................................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm .............................................
Sales w orkers..........................................................................................
Clerical workers.......................................................................................
Craft and kindred workers........................................................................
Operatives, except transport.................................................... ..............
Transport equipment o peratives.................... ........................................
Nonfarm laborers.....................................................................................
Private household workers.......................................................................
Service workers, except private household.............................................
Farmers and farm m anagers...................................................................
F a rm la b o re rs and supervisors................................................................
—
6.2
See footnotes at end of table.
75
—
(2)
—
2.4
—
.8
—
1.9
—
.6
—
.6
_
.6
Table 36. Unemployment rates and percent distribution of the unemployed by sex, occupation, and
age, 1972-79— Continued
Unemployed as percent of civilian labor
force
Sex and occupation
All
age
groups
16 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
44
years
16 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
44
years
45
years
and
over
3,548
100.0
5.8
5.6
3.5
5.5
22.1
17.7
7.3
17.8
(3)
12.1
.1
2.5
592
100.0
1.4
.8
3.7
4.2
10.0
19.1
3.7
26.9
.2
24.8
861
100.0
4.8
3.0
3.8
7.1
17.8
21.8
6.5
22.1
1,295
100.0
8.4
7.0
2.8
5.4
25.3
16.9
10.0
14.3
800
100.0
6.0
9.8
4.3
4.9
30.7
13.4
6.5
12.0
11.0
.1
1.9
8.0
.1
1.8
10.3
.1
2.1
2,854
100.0
8.2
3.4
6.6
30.4
1.6
20.7
.5
1.9
2.3
22.9
430
100.0
3.7
.7
8.8
27.4
.7
13.0
4.0
3.5
34.9
670
100.0
8.1
2.1
7.2
35.4
1.2
17.6
.7
1.6
1.5
23.3
1,154
100.0
11.0
4.4
4.9
30.7
1.7
22.1
.6
1.7
2.1
19.8
1.4
3.3
1.3
.9
599
100.0
6.0
4.8
7.5
26.2
2.5
27.2
.2
1.2
2.8
20.2
.2
1.2
676
100.0
6.5
10.5
5.3
5.3
27.8
13.2
7.5
11.7
All
age
groups
1976
M A LES
Experienced workers:1
Number (thousands)........................................................................
Percent.............................................................................................
Professional and technical workers........................................................
Managers and administrators except fa rm ............................................
Sales w orkers.........................................................................................
Clerical workers......................................................................................
Craft and kindred workers.......................................................................
Operatives, except transport..................................................................
Transport equipment operatives.............................................................
Nonfarm laborers....................................................................................
Private household workers......................................................................
Service workers except private household............................................
Farmers and farm m anagers..................................................................
Farm laborers and supervisors...............................................................
45
years
and
over
Percent distribution of the unemployed
3,548
6.3
2.6
2.6
3.8
5.6
6.8
9.3
7.8
13.8
(2)
8.6
.2
8.5
592
13.2
9.3
7.7
8.2
9.1
13.6
16.0
11.4
14.5
(2
)
14.3
861
11.3
5.7
6.1
7.6
9.9
10.4
14.0
11.1
18.7
(2)
11.8
.8
8.9
1,295
5.2
2.4
2.5
2.5
4.8
6.0
7.7
8.3
13.1
(2
)
6.3
.2
8.2
800
4.2
1.9
2.2
3.0
3.3
6.0
5.8
4.9
9.3
2,854
7.5
4.0
4.8
7.4
6.6
7.9
13.0
5.9
12.1
5.7
9.4
4.1
9.8
430
11.3
14.8
11.9
8.9
9.3
8.1
18.5
17.1
5.4
12.8
670
10.8
6.0
7.8
12.4
9.1
10.3
17.8
21.7
13.3
12.2
13.7
1,154
7.2
3.9
5.7
7.0
6.4
8.2
13.1
5.7
11.8
8.9
9.1
21.4
19.1
6.8
599
5.0
2.2
3.1
4.9
4.3
6.7
10.0
1.6
6.5
3.2
5.7
1.3
4.7
9.7
5.3
.1
7.0
5.2
F E M A LE S
Experienced workers:1
Number (thousands)........................................................................
Percent.............................................................................................
Professional and technical workers........................................................
Managers and administrators except fa rm ............................................
Sales workers.........................................................................................
Clerical workers......................................................................................
Craft and kindred workers.......................................................................
Operatives, except transport..................................................................
Transport equipment operatives.............................................................
Nonfarm laborers...................................................................................
Private household workers......................................................................
Service workers except private household............................................
Farmers and farm m anagers...................................................................
Farm laborers and supervisors................................................................
(3
)
1977
M A LES
Experienced workers:1
Number (thousands)................... .....................................................
Percent..............................................................................................
Professional and technical workers........................................................J
Managers and administrators, except fa rm .............................................
Sales w orkers..........................................................................................
Clerical w orkers.......................................................................................
Craft and kindred workers.......................................................................
Operatives, except transport...................................................................
Transport equipment operatives.............................................................
Nonfarm laborers....................................................................................
Private household workers......................................................................
Service workers, except private household.............................................
Farmers and farm m anagers...................................................................
Farm laborers and supervisors................................................................
1,206
4.7
2.2
2.1
3.1
4.2
5.0
6.7
6.5
12.0
(2)
6.0
.2
8.6
675
3.5
1.7
2.0
3.1
3.1
4.6
4.9
4.6
7.8
(2)
3.7
.3
8.1
3,589
100.0
5.2
4.9
3.8
5.0
18.4
15.2
6.4
15.7
.1
10.6
.1
2.5
861
100.0
.8
.6
2.0
2.6
5.8
10.8
2.4
16.7
.1
16.0
846
100.0
4.0
2.7
4.3
6.9
15.8
20.2
5.9
19.7
9.6
846
10.8
4.7
5.2
8.4
9.2
8.4
12.4
9.6
15.9
(2)
11.0
.5
9.7
3.3
2.2
1,205
100.0
8.5
6.5
3.8
5.1
23.9
15.9
8.9
14.4
.1
8.5
.1
1.9
3,267
8.3
3.9
4.4
6.8
6.1
7.4
11.7
6.7
11.0
4.9
9.2
781
20.0
9.8
4.9
8.7
8.3
10.2
18.3
2.3
13.6
4.9
12.6
732
11.3
5.8
7.5
10.6
7.6
10.2
16.5
14.2
16.0
10.4
14.0
1,170
6.9
3.9
4.9
6.4
6.1
7.1
11.5
6.4
10.7
6.3
8.4
584
4.8
2.7
3.2
4.5
4.3
5.6
8.4
5.9
4.5
3.5
5.3
3,267
100.0
7.3
3.0
5.5
25.3
1.5
16.6
.5
1.6
1.8
20.2
781
100.0
1.3
.3
4.7
14.1
.6
7.6
1.8
1.5
19.7
733
100.0
7.1
2.2
6.1
27.5
1.4
16.0
0.7
2.0
1.2
23.4
1,170
100.0
11.4
4.3
5.0
30.3
1.7
19.9
0.8
1.5
n
1.5
19.1
584
100.0
7.5
5.3
7.0
27.4
2.2
22.8
0.7
.9
3.4
19.0
9.2
15.4
18.9
9.0
4.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.0
3,588
6.3
2.3
2.3
4.0
5.0
5.5
8.0
6.6
12.1
5.5
7.5
.3
9.0
861
18.5
8.0
8.1
6.3
7.7
10.1
12.4
10.8
12.6
(2)
13.2
10.0
_
8.4
.4
3.0
F E M A LE S
Experienced workers:1
Number (thousands).........................................................................
Percent..............................................................................................
Professional and technical workers........................................................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm ............................................
Sales w orkers..........................................................................................
Clerical w orkers.......................................................................................
Craft and kindred workers.......................................................................
Operatives except transport...................................................................
Transport equipment operatives............................. M
...............................
Nonfarm laborers............................................................................. .......
Private household workers......................................................................
Service workers, except private household............................................
Farmers and farm m anagers...................................................................
Farm laborers and supervisors................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
76
Table 36. Unemployment rates and percent distribution of the unemployed by sex, occupation, and
age, 1972-79— Continued
Unemployed as percent of civilian labor
force
Sex and occupation
All
age
groups
16 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
44
years
All
age
groups
16 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
44
years
45
years
and
over
1978
M ALES
Experienced workers:1
Number (thousands).........................................................................
Percent..............................................................................................
Professional and technical workers.........................................................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm .............................................
Sales w orkers..........................................................................................
Clerical workers.......................................................................................
Craft and kindred workers.......................................................................
Operatives, except transport...................................................................
Transport equipment operatives................................................. .............
Nonfarm laborers.......... ..........................................................................
Private household workers.......................................................................
Service workers except private household.............................................
Farmers and farm m anagers...................................................................
Farm laborers and supervisors................................................................
45
years
and
over
Percent distribution of the unemployed
2,666
4.6
2.0
1.7
3.0
4.1
4.6
6.5
5.1
10.8
(2)
6.8
.2
6.5
496
10.4
7.5
7.1
7.7
7.1
9.8
10.9
7.4
12.1
(2
)
11.7
—
8.1
674
8.4
4.0
3.5
5.6
7.5
6.8
9.9
7.6
14.4
—
11.3
—
7.5
944
3.6
1.8
1.5
2.4
3.3
4.0
5.4
4.5
10.1
(3
)
4.5
.2
4.7
552
2.9
1.5
1.5
1.8
2.6
3.8
4.0
4.1
6.1
(2)
3.8
.1
6.1
2,666
100.0
6.1
4.9
3.8
5.5
20.9
17.2
6.6
19.2
.1
13.1
.1
2.5
496
100.0
1.6
.8
3.8
4.2
10.3
17.2
3.0
28.9
.2
25.5
—
4.4
674
100.0
4.3
2.2
3.6
6.7
17.6
20.7
6.1
24.1
—
12.8
—
1.9
944
100.0
9.1
6.3
3.8
5.3
24.9
17.1
7.9
15.6
.1
8.3
.1
1.5
552
100.0
7.2
9.4
3.8
5.6
27.8
13.2
8.0
10.8
.2
10.8
.2
2.9
2,513
6.1
3.5
3.4
5.5
5.1
6.0
10.4
7.4
9.8
5.0
8.2
—
9.8
412
10.0
11.1
7.3
7.4
7.8
12.3
15.2
5.7
13.2
5.1
12.5
—
10.9
609
9.0
4.4
7.0
9.1
6.9
10.6
16.2
16.3
9.8
7.3
12.4
—
18.0
1045
5.8
3.4
3.5
5.0
5.0
4.7
10.3
6.1
10.0
7.5
7.7
—
11.5
449
3.6
2.5
2.2
3.4
2.9
4.2
6.8
6.5
6.6
3.6
3.9
—
5.4
2,513
100.0
8.7
3.3
6.2
28.6
1.8
19.9
.8
2.1
2.4
24.5
—
1.6
412
100.0
2.9
.7
8.0
26.4
1.5
12.8
.2
3.6
3.1
39.0
—
1.7
609
100.0
6.4
3.0
6.7
31.5
2.0
19.4
1.0
1.8
1.0
25.8
—
1.5
1045
100.0
12.0
3.9
5.1
29.4
1.5
20.9
1.0
1.9
2.1
20.4
—
1.7
449
100.0
9.1
4.9
6.7
24.7
2.2
24.7
.9
1.8
4.4
18.9
—
1.8
520
100.0
1.5
.6
3.5
4.4
11.2
17.4
3.7
29.3
660
100.0
4.2
2.3
3.3
5.5
20.0
21.9
7.3
21.7
968
100.0
8.1
6.7
3.4
5.4
24.2
18.2
8.6
15.2
531
100.0
7.0
9.6
4.5
5.1
26.7
14.3
7.7
11.1
23.0
(2)
5.4
12.1
(2)
1.7
8.6
(2
)
1.3
11.1
(2
)
2.8
418
100.0
2.6
.7
9.3
28.2
1.2
13.9
.5
3.8
1.9
35.4
—
2.4
586
100.0
7.2
2.6
6.5
30.2
1.4
20.8
.5
3.1
1.4
25.1
—
1.4
1051
100.0
12.6
4.7
5.2
28.9
1.7
21.1
.8
2.2
1.9
19.7
—
1.2
434
100.0
8.3
5.1
5.3
27.0
1.6
26.3
.5
1.8
3.9
19.2
—
.9
FEM ALES
Experienced workers:1
Number (thousands).........................................................................
Percent..............................................................................................
Professional and technical workers.........................................................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm .............................................
Sales w orkers..........................................................................................
Clerical workers.......................................................................................
Craft and kindred workers.......................................... ...........................
Operatives, except transport...................................................................
Transport equipment operatives..........................................................
Nonfarm laborers.................................................................................. .
Private household workers......................................................................
Service workers, except private household.............................................
Farmers and farm m anagers...................................................................
Farm laborers and supervisors................................................................
1979
M ALES
Experienced workers:1
Number (thousands).........................................................................
Percent..............................................................................................
Professional and technical workers.........................................................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm .............................................
Sales w orkers..........................................................................................
Clerical workers.......................................................................................
Craft and kindred workers.......................................................................
Operatives, except transport...................................................................
Transport equipment operatives.............................................................
Nonfarm laborers.............................................................. ......................
Private household workers.......................................................................
Service workers except private household..............................................
Farmers and farm m anagers................................... ...............................
Farm laborers and supervisors................................................................
968
3.6
1.5
1.6
2.1
3.4
3.8
5.7
4.9
10.0
—
—
11.6
660
8.1
3.6
3.3
4.9
5.9
7.4
10.2
8.7
13.2
—
10.2
—
6.0
4.8
.1
4.3
3.8
.1
6.1
2,675
100.0
5.7
5.0
3.6
5.2
21.1
18.1
7.1
18.7
(3)
12.7
(3)
2.5
418
10.0
10.1
6.3
8.1
8.1
9.1
17.6
7.8
14.4
3.7
10.4
—
18.5
586
8.4
4.4
5.4
8.4
6.2
6.5
15.6
8.0
15.2
9.7
11.8
—
16.7
1051
5.5
3.3
3.7
5.1
4.6
4.8
10.3
4.5
9.9
7.3
7.3
—
9.0
434
3.5
2.1
2.2
2.5
3.0
3.1
7.1
2.8
6.1
3.2
3.8
—
5.3
2490
100.0
8.9
3.6
6.3
28.7
1.5
20.7
.6
2.6
2.2
23.5
—
1.4
2675
4.5
1.8
1.7
2.8
3.8
4.4
6.9
5.4
10.8
(2
)
6.6
.2
6.8
520
10.9
8.0
5.3
6.9
7.9
9.5
12.0
9.4
13.2
—
11.4
2490
5.8
3.3
3.4
5.3
4.8
5.0
10.6
5.0
11.0
4.8
7.4
—
9.4
—
531
2.8
1.3
1.5
2.0
2.3
3.4
4.3
3.9
6.3
—
—
—
—
FEM ALES
Experienced workers:1
Number (thousands).........................................................................
Percent..............................................................................................
Professional and technical workers.........................................................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm ............................................
Sales w orkers.................................................................................... .....
Clerical workers.......................................................................................
Craft and kindred workers........................................................................
Operatives, except transport............. .................. ...................................
Transport equipment operatives............. ................................................
Nonfarm laborers....................................................................................
Private household workers.......................................................................
Service workers, except private household.................... ........................
Farmers and farm m anagers...................................................................
Farm laborers and supervisors................................................................
1The base for the unemployment rate includes the employed, classified
according to their current job, and the unemployed, classified according to
their latest civilian job; excludes unemployed persons who never worked
before,
2 See footnote 3, table 5.
3 Less than 0.05 percent.
77
Table 37. Unemployment rates and percent distribution of the unemployed by industry, 1948-79
Experienced wage and salary workers
Wage and salary workers in private nonagricultural industries
Item
Total,
16
years
and
o v e r1
Manufacturing
Total
Agri
culture
Total
Min
ing
Con
struc
tion
Total
Dura
bles
Nondur
ables
Trans
porta
tion
and
public
utilities
W hole
sale
and
retail
trade
Fi
nance,
insur
ance,
and
real
estate
Serv
ice
indus
tries
G ov
ern
ment
UN EM PLO YM EN T R ATE
1948............................................
1949............................................
3.8
5.9
4.3
6.8
5.5
7.1
4.5
7.3
3.0
8.9
8.7
13.9
4.2
8.0
4.0
8.1
4.4
7.8
3.5
5.9
4.7
6.2
1.8
2.1
4.8
6.7
2.2
3.1
1950............................................
1951............................................
1952............................................
1953............................................
1954............................................
5.3
3.3
3.0
2.9
5.5
6.0
3.7
3.3
3.2
7.0
9.0
4.3
4.8
5.6
8.9
3.9
3.9
3.6
3.4
6.7
6.7
4.0
3.8
4.6
14.4
12.2
7.2
6.7
7.2
12.9
6.2
3.8
3.5
3.1
7.1
5.7
3.1
3.0
2.6
7.3
6.8
4.7
4.1
3.8
6.9
4.7
2.3
2.3
2.2
5.6
6.0
3.9
3.5
3.4
5.7
2.2
1.5
1.7
1.7
2.3
6.4
4.2
3.6
3.4
5.5
3.0
1.8
1.6
1.5
2.2
1955............................................
1956............................................
1957............................................
1958............................................
1959............................................
4.4
4.1
4.3
6.8
5.5
4.8
4.4
4.6
7.3
5.7
7.2
7.3
6.9
10.3
9.0
5.1
4.7
4.9
7.9
6.1
9.0
6.8
5.8
10.9
9.7
10.9
10.0
10.9
15.3
13.4
4.7
4.7
5.1
9.3
6.1
4.4
4.4
4.9
10.6
6.2
5.2
5.2
5.3
7.7
6.0
4.0
3.0
3.3
6.1
4.4
4.7
4.5
4.5
6.8
5.8
2.3
1.7
1.8
2.8
2.5
5.2
4.6
4.2
5.7
5.3
2.0
1.7
1.9
2.5
2.2
I960............................................
1961............................................
1962............................................
1963............................................
1964............................................
5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
5.7
6.8
5.6
5.6
5.0
8.3
9.6
7.5
9.2
9.7
6.2
7.5
6.1
6.1
5.4
9.5
11.1
7.7
7.3
6.7
13.5
15.7
13.5
13.3
11.2
6.2
7.8
5.8
5.7
5.0
6.4
8.5
5.7
5.5
4.7
6.1
6.8
6.0
6.0
5.4
4.6
5.3
4.1
4.2
3.5
5.9
7.3
6.3
6.2
5.7
2.4
3.3
3.0
2.7
2.6
5.1
6.2
5.5
5.7
5.3
2.4
2.5
2.1
2.2
2.1
1965............................................
1966............................................
1967............................................
1968............................................
1969............................................
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
4.3
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.3
7.5
6.6
6.9
6.3
6.0
4.6
3.8
3.9
3.6
3.5
5.3
3.5
3.4
3.1
2.8
10.1
8.0
7.4
6.9
6.0
4.0
3.2
3.6
3.3
3.3
3.5
2.7
3.4
3.0
3.0
4.7
3.8
4.1
3.7
3.7
2.9
2.0
2.3
1.9
2.1
5.0
4.4
4.2
4.0
4.1
2.3
2.1
2.5
2.2
2.1
4.6
3.9
3.9
3.6
3.5
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.9
1970............................................
1971............................................
1972............................................
1973............................................
1974............................................
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
4.8
5.7
5.2
4.5
5.3
7.5
7.9
7.6
6.9
7.3
5.2
6.2
5.7
4.8
5.7
3.1
4.0
3.2
2.9
2.9
9.7
10.4
10.3
8.8
10.6
5.6
6.8
5.6
4.3
5.7
5.7
7.0
5.4
3.9
5.4
5.4
6.5
5.7
4.9
6.2
3.2
3.8
3.5
3.0
3.2
5.3
6.4
6.4
5.6
6.4
2.8
3.3
3.4
2.7
3.1
4.7
5.6
5.3
4.8
5.1
2.2
2.9
2.9
2.7
3.0
1975............................................
1976............................................
1977...........................................
1978............................................
1979............................................
8.5
7.7
7.0
6.0
5.8
8.2
7.3
6.6
5.6
5.4
10.3
11.7
11.1
8.8
9.1
9.2
7.9
7.0
5.9
5.7
4.0
4.7
3.8
4.1
4.9
18.1
15.6
12.7
10.6
10.2
10.9
7.9
6.7
5.5
5.5
11.3
7.7
6.2
4.9
5.0
10.4
8.1
7.4
6.3
6.4
5.6
5.0
4.7
3.7
3.7
8.7
8.6
8.0
6.9
6.5
4.9
4.4
3.9
3.1
3.0
7.1
7.2
6.6
5.7
5.4
4.0
4.4
4.2
3.9
3.7
1948............................................
1949............................................
100.0
100.0
89.7
90.9
4.2
3.6
80.4
82.5
1.2
2.0
10.1
10.4
29.8
34.1
14.9
17.9
14.9
16.2
6.5
6.9
18.2
15.9
1.3
1.0
13.2
12.1
5.2
4.8
1950............................................
1951............................................
1952............................................
1953............................................
1954............................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
90.7
90.1
90.3
90.7
91.3
4.9
3.4
3.8
4.4
3.7
80.4
81.3
81.1
80.9
83.3
1.8
1.7
1.9
2.5
3.0
10.6
10.6
11.6
12.3
10.9
29.8
30.9
30.4
29.2
34.9
14.2
13.1
14.1
13.7
20.4
15.6
17.8
16.3
15.4
14.5
5.7
4.6
5.0
4.9
6.5
17.6
18.2
17.3
17.1
15.5
1.2
1.3
1.7
1.8
1.3
13.7
14.0
13.3
13.1
11.2
5.4
5.4
5.4
5.4
4.2
1955............................................
1956............................................
1957............................................
1958............................................
1959............................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
89.8
88.7
88.8
88.9
86.8
4.3
4.5
4.1
3.9
4.2
80.5
79.8
79.8
80.9
77.9
2.4
1.8
1.4
1.5
1.6
11.8
11.4
12.2
11.4
12.5
28.8
30.2
31.5
34.9
28.2
15.3
16.3
17.6
22.5
16.3
13.5
13.9
13.9
12.4
11.8
5.7
4.6
4.9
5.3
4.8
16.2
16.7
16.1
15.3
16.5
1.7
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.7
14.0
13.8
12.3
11.0
12.8
4.9
4.3
4.9
4.1
4.7
1960............................................
1961............................................
1962............................................
1963............................................
1964............................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
86.5
86.0
85.3
83.8
82.4
4.1
3.6
3.2
3.9
4.1
77.4
77.9
77.3
75.0
73.3
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.0
1.0
12.0
11.5
11.9
11.2
10.3
28.6
29.2
26.7
26.1
24.9
16.3
17.7
14.7
14.1
13.2
12.4
11.5
12.0
12.0
11.7
5.0
4.6
4.2
4.2
3.8
16.5
16.6
17.3
16.9
17.1
1.6
1.9
2.1
1.8
2.0
12.1
12.6
13.9
13.8
14.3
5.0
4.5
4.8
4.9
5.2
1965............................................
1966............................................
1967............................................
1968............................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
81.0
80.8
83.6
83.7
3.4
3.1
3.2
3.1
72.0
71.0
73.5
72.8
.8
.7
.6
.6
10.8
9.9
9.1
9.2
23.0
22.6
26.2
24.7
11.3
11.3
14.2
13.2
11.7
11.3
12.0
11.5
3.5
3.1
3.6
3.4
17.3
18.3
17.6
18.3
2.0
2.1
2.8
2.7
14.4
14.3
14.5
15.1
5.7
6.7
7.1
7.7
P E R C E N T DISTRIBUTION
See footnote at end of table.
Table 37. Unemployment rates and percent distribution of the unemployed by industry, 1948-79'
Continued
Experienced wage and salary workers
Wage and salary workers in private nonagricultural industries
Item
Total,
16
years
and
o v e r1
Manufacturing
Total
Agri
culture
Total
Min
ing
Con
struc
tion
Total
Dura
bles
Nondur
ables
Transportation
and
public
utilities
W hole
sale
and
retail
trade
Fi
nance,
insur
ance,
and
real
estate
Serv
ice
indus
tries
G ov
ern
ment
P ER C EN T DISTRIBUTION—
Continued
1969...........................................
1970............................................
1971............................................
1972............................................
1973............................................
1974............................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
83.8
86.2
85.7
84.4
83.5
85.1
2.7
2.3
2.0
2.1
2.2
2.1
73.0
77.0
76.0
74.0
72.5
74.5
0.5
.4
.5
.4
.4
.4
8.3
9.3
8.5
9.2
9.3
9.4
25.0
29.2
28.0
23.7
21.5
24.4
13.6
17.6
16.8
13.4
11.5
13.7
11.5
11.6
11.2
10.3
10.1
10.8
3.8
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.3
3.1
18.9
17.9
18.9
20.4
20.5
20.5
2.6
2.5
2.6
2.8
2.7
2.7
14.8
14.0
14.1
14.1
14.7
13.9
8.1
9.6
7.7
8.3
8.8
8.6
1975............................................
1976............................................
1977............................................
1978............................................
1979............................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
87.9
86.3
84.6
84.1
85.0
1.9
2.4
2.4
2.2
2.4
78.3
74.4
72.5
71.6
72.7
.4
.5
.5
.6
.7
10.2
9.4
8.5
8.5
8.8
29.5
23.0
21.1
20.1
21.3
18.1
13.4
11.5
10.7
11.5
11.4
9.7
9.6
9.4
9.8
3.5
3.3
3.5
3.2
3.4
18.8
20.6
21.1
20.9
20.4
2.7
2.7
2.7
2.6
2.7
13.1
14.9
15.2
15.7
15.5
7.8
9.4
9.7
10.3
9.9
1Also includes the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and those with
no previous work experience, not shown separately.
Table 38. Unemployed persons and percent distribution of the unemployed by duration,
1947-79
15 weeks and over
Total,
16
years
and
over
Less
than
5
weeks
5 and
6
weeks
7 to
10
weeks
11 to
14
weeks
1 9 4 7 .......................................................................................
1 9 4 8 .......................................................................................
1 9 4 9 .......................................................................................
2,311
2,276
3,637
1,210
1,300
1,756
203
208
309
308
297
555
1 9 5 0 .......................................................................................
1951 .......................................................................................
1 9 5 2 .......................................................................................
1 9 5 3 ...................... ................................................................
1 9 5 4 .......................................................................................
3,288
2,055
1,883
1,834
3,532
1,450
1,177
1,135
1,142
1,605
275
169
168
149
306
1 9 5 5 .................................................... ,..................................
1 9 5 6 .......................................................................................
1957 .......................................................................................
1 9 5 8 .......................................................................................
1 9 5 9 .......................................................................................
2,852
2,750
2,859
4,602
3,740
1,335
1,412
1,408
1,753
1,585
1 9 6 0 .......................................................................................
1961 .......................................................................................
1 9 6 2 .......................................................................................
1 9 6 3 .................................... ...................................................
1 9 6 4 .......................................................................................
3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
1 9 6 5 .......................................................................................
1 9 6 6 .......................................................................................
1 9 6 7 .......................................................................................
1 9 6 8 .......................................................................................
1 9 6 9 .......................................................................................
Average
(mean)
dura
tion
Total
15 to
26
weeks
27
weeks
and
over
193
164
331
398
309
683
234
193
427
164
116
256
8.6
10.0
479
252
223
209
504
301
153
126
124
305
782
303
232
211
812
425
166
148
132
495
357
137
84
79
317
12.1
9.7
8.4
8.0
11.8
230
234
258
363
304
368
360
392
596
474
217
211
240
438
335
703
533
560
1,452
1,040
367
301
321
785
469
336
232
239
667
571
13.0
11.3
10.5
13.9
14.4
1,719
1,806
1,659
1,751
1,697
324
377
334
358
314
499
587
478
519
483
353
411
323
354
319
956
1,532
1,119
1,088
973
502
728
534
535
490
454
804
585
553
482
12.8
15.6
14.7
14.0
13.3
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832
1,628
1,573
1,635
1,594
1,629
286
242
278
247
263
422
335
397
367
364
276
201
218
197
200
755
526
449
412
375
404
287
271
256
242
351
239
177
156
133
11.8
10.3
8.8
8.5
8.0
1 9 7 0 .......................................................................................
1 9 7 1 .......................................................................................
1 9 7 2 .......................................................................................
1 9 7 3 .......................................................................................
1 9 7 4 .......................................................................................
4,088
4,993
4,840
4,304
5,076
2,137
2,234
2,223
2,196
2,567
394
456
425
390
463
564
687
664
576
690
331
435
369
330
418
662
1,181
1,158
812
937
427
665
597
475
563
235
517
562
337
373
8.8
11.4
12.1
10.0
9.7
1 9 7 5 .......................................................................................
1 9 7 6 .......................................................................................
1 9 7 7 .......................................................................................
1 9 7 8 ...................................................................... ................
1 9 7 9 .......................................................................................
7,830
7,288
6,855
6,047
5,963
2,894
2,790
2,856
2,793
2,869
655
595
577
538
542
1,083
939
930
839
854
714
625
582
499
496
2,483
2,339
1,911
1,379
1,202
1,290
1,003
896
746
684
1,193
1,336
1,012
633
518
14.1
15.8
14.3
11.9
10.8
1 9 4 7 ....................... ................................................................
1 9 4 8 .......................................................................................
1 9 4 9 .......................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
52.4
57.2
48.3
8.8
9.1
8.5
13.3
13.0
15.3
8.4
7.2
9.1
17.2
13.6
18.8
10.1
8.5
11.8
7.1
5.1
7.0
—
—
1 9 5 0 .......................................................................................
1 9 5 1 .......................................................................................
1 9 5 2 .......................................................................................
1 9 5 3 .......................................................................................
1 9 5 4 .......................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.1
57.3
60.2
62.2
45.5
8.4
8.2
8.9
8.1
8.7
14.6
12.3
11.8
11.4
14.3
9.2
7.4
6.7
6.8
8.6
23.8
14.7
12.3
11.5
23.0
12.9
8.1
7.9
7.2
14.0
10.9
6.7
4.5
4.3
9.0
1 9 5 5 .......................................................................................
1 9 5 6 .......................................................................................
1 9 5 7 .......................................................................................
1 9 5 8 ............. ..........................................................................
1 9 5 9 .......................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
46.8
51.3
49.3
38.1
42.4
8.1
8.5
9.0
7.9
8.1
12.9
12.1
13.7
13.0
12.7
7.6
7.7
8.4
9.5
9.0
24.6
19.4
19.6
31.6
27.8
12.9
10.9
11.2
17.1
12.5
11.8
8.4
8.4
14.5
15.3
Item
NUMBER U N EM P LO YED (thousands)
P E R C E N T DISTRIBUTION
1 9 6 0 .......................................................................................
1 9 6 1 .......................................................................................
1 9 6 2 .......................................................................................
1 9 6 3 .......................................................................................
1 9 6 4 .......................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
44.6
38.3
42.4
43.0
44.8
8.4
8.0
8.5
8.8
8.3
13.0
12.5
12.2
12.8
12.8
9.2
8.7
8.3
8.7
8.4
24.8
32.5
28.6
26.7
25.7
13.0
15.4
13.6
13.1
12.9
11.8
17.1
15.0
13.6
12.7
1 9 6 5 .......................................................................................
1 9 6 6 ........................ ...............................................................
1 9 6 7 .......................................................................................
1 9 6 8 .......................................................................................
1 9 6 9 ........................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
48.4
54.7
54.9
56.6
57.5
8.5
8.4
9.3
8.8
9.3
12.5
11.7
13.3
13.0
12.9
8.2
7.0
7.3
7.0
7.1
22.4
18.3
15.1
14.6
13.3
12.0
10.0
9.1
9.1
8.5
10.4
8.3
5.9
5.5
4.7
1 9 7 0 ........................................................................................
1971 ....................................................... ................................
100.0
100.0
52.3
44.7
9.6
9.1
13.9
13.8
8.1
8.7
16.2
23.7
10.4
13.3
5.7
10.4
80
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
___
—
—
_
___
___
___
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
Table 38. Unemployed persons and percent distribution of the unemployed by duration,
1947-79— Continued
15 weeks and over
Total,
16
years
and
over
Less
than
5
weeks
5 and
6
weeks
7 to
10
weeks
11 to
14
weeks
Total
15 to
26
weeks
27
weeks
and
over
1 9 7 2 .......................................................................................
1 9 7 3 .......................................................................................
1 9 7 4 .......................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
45.9
51.0
50.6
8.8
9.1
9.1
13.7
13.4
13.6
7.6
7.7
8.2
23.9
18.8
18.5
12.3
11.0
11.1
11.6
7.8
7.4
1 9 7 5 ........................................................................ ..............
1 9 7 6 .......................................................................................
1 9 7 7 .......................................................................................
1 9 7 8 .......................................................................................
1 9 7 9 .......................................................................................
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
37.0
38.3
41.7
46.2
48.1
8.4
8.2
8.4
8.9
9.1
13.8
12.9
13.6
13.9
14.3
9.1
8.6
8.5
8.3
8.3
31.7
32.1
27.9
22.8
20.2
16.5
13.8
13.1
12.3
11.5
15.2
18.3
14.8
10.5
8.7
Item
Average
(mean)
dura
tion
P ER CEN T DISTRIBUTION— Continued
81
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
Table 39. Unemployed persons and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and reason, 1969-79
Number unemployed (thousands)
Unemployment rate1
Entrants
Item
Entrants
Job
losers
Job
leav
ers
Reen
trants
New
work
ers
Total
Total
2,831
4,088
4,993
4,840
4,304
5,076
1,017
1,809
2,313
2,089
1,666
2,205
436
549
587
635
674
756
1,378
1,730
2,093
2,116
1,965
2,113
965
1,227
1,466
1,444
1,323
1,441
413
503
627
672
642
672
1975............................................................................... 7,830
1976............................................................................... 7,288
1977............................................................................... 6,855
1978............................................................................... 6,047
1979.................... .......................................................... 5,963
4,341
3,625
3,103
2,514
2,555
812
886
889
851
854
2,677
2,777
2,864
2,681
2,555
1,865
1,895
1,926
1,814
1,758
Total
Job
losers
Job
leav
ers
3.5
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
1.2
2.2
2.8
2.4
1.9
2.4
0.5
.7
.7
.7
.8
.8
812
882
938
867
797
8.5
7.7
7.0
6.0
5.8
4.7
3.8
3.2
2.5
2.5
Reen
trants
New
work
ers
1.7
2.1
2.5
2.4
2.2
2.3
1.2
1.5
1.7
1.7
1.5
1.6
0.5
.6
.7
.8
.7
.7
.9
.9
.9
.8
.8
2.9
2.9
3.0
2.7
2.5
2.0
2.0
2.0
1.8
1.7
.9
.9
1.0
.9
.8
Total
TO TAL
1969...............................................................................
1970...............................................................................
1971...............................................................................
1972...............................................................................
1973...............................................................................
1974...............................................................................
Both sexes, 16-19 years
1969...............................................................................
1970...............................................................................
1971...............................................................................
1972...............................................................................
1973...............................................................................
1974...............................................................................
853
1,105
1,257
1,302
1,225
1,410
126
200
232
247
210
278
101
126
116
129
145
172
625
780
909
926
871
960
294
379
409
393
362
432
331
401
500
533
509
528
12.2
15.3
16.9
16.2
14.5
16.0
1.8
2.8
3.1
3.1
2.4
3.1
1.5
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.7
2.0
9.0
10.7
12.2
11.5
10.3
10.9
4.2
5.2
5.5
4.9
4.3
4.9
4.8
5.5
6.7
6.6
6.0
6.0
1975...............................................................................
1976...............................................................................
1977...............................................................................
1978...............................................................................
1979...............................................................................
1,752
1,701
1,642
1,559
1,528
447
384
314
296
314
153
151
154
164
181
1,152
1,166
1,174
1,099
1,033
524
490
471
448
444
628
676
703
651
589
19.9
19.0
17.7
16.3
16.1
5.1
4.3
3.4
3.1
3.3
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.9
13.1
13.0
12.7
11.5
10.9
6.0
5.5
5.1
4.7
4.7
7.1
7.5
7.6
6.8
6.2
1969...............................................................................
1970...............................................................................
1971...............................................................................
1972...............................................................................
1973...............................................................................
1974...............................................................................
963
1,636
2,086
1,928
1,594
1,918
556
1,065
1,384
1,207
941
1,253
164
209
237
245
254
270
243
362
465
475
399
394
216
318
409
416
344
348
27
44
56
59
54
46
2.1
3.5
4.4
4.0
3.2
3.8
1.2
2.2
2.9
2.5
1.9
2.5
.4
.4
.5
.5
.5
.5
.6
.8
1.0
1.0
.8
.8
.5
.7
.9
.9
.7
.7
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
1975...............................................................................
1976...............................................................................
1977...............................................................................
1978...............................................................................
1979...............................................................................
3,428
3,041
2,727
2,252
2,223
2,569
2,133
1,776
1,387
1,413
291
315
325
326
313
569
593
626
538
497
496
510
527
456
429
73
83
99
82
68
6.7
5.9
5.2
4.2
4.1
5.0
4.1
3.4
2.6
2.5
.6
.6
.6
.6
.6
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.1
.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
.9
.8
.1
.2
.2
.2
.1
1969...............................................................................
1970...............................................................................
1971...............................................................................
1972...............................................................................
1973...............................................................................
1974...............................................................................
1,015
1,347
1,650
1,610
1,485
1,748
335
545
697
635
514
674
171
214
234
262
276
314
510
588
720
714
695
760
455
530
648
635
617
662
55
58
71
79
78
98
3.7
4.8
5.7
5.4
4.8
5.5
1.2
1.9
2.5
2.2
1.6
2.1
.6
.8
.8
.9
.9
1.0
1.9
2.1
2.5
2.4
2.3
2.4
1.7
1.9
2.3
2.1
2.0
2.1
.2
.2
.2
.3
.3
.3
1975...............................................................................
1976.................................................. ............................
1977...............................................................................
1978...............................................................................
1979...............................................................................
2,649
2,546
2,486
2,236
2,213
1,325
1,108
1,012
831
827
369
420
411
362
360
956
1,019
1,063
1,043
1,025
845
896
927
909
885
111
123
136
134
140
8.0
7.4
7.0
6.0
5.7
4.0
3.2
2.8
2.3
2.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.0
.9
2.9
3.0
3.0
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.4
2.3
1969...............................................................................
1970...............................................................................
1971...............................................................................
1972...............................................................................
1973...............................................................................
1974...............................................................................
2,226
2,261
3,337
4,074
3,884
3,410
849
816
1,502
1,923
1,709
1,357
346
357
456
484
527
552
1,031
1,088
1,378
1,666
1,648
1,501
718
767
982
1,176
1,130
1,024
313
321
396
491
518
477
3.2
3.1
4.5
5.4
5.0
4.3
1.2
1.1
2.1
2.5
2.3
1.7
.5
.5
.6
.6
.7
.7
1.4
1.5
1.8
2.2
2.1
1.9
1.0
1.1
1.3
1.6
1.5
1.3
.4
.4
.5
.7
.7
.6
1975...............................................................................
1976...............................................................................
1977...............................................................................
1978...............................................................................
1979...............................................................................
6,371
5,855
5,373
4,620
4,577
3,570
2,972
2,497
1,972
1,993
697
756
759
709
715
2,105
2,127
2,117
1,939
1,869
1,494
1,468
1,448
1,348
1,314
611
659
669
591
555
7.8
7.0
6.2
5.2
5.1
4.3
3.6
2.9
2.3
2.2
.8
.9
.9
.8
.8
2.5
2.6
2.5
2.2
2.1
1.8
1.8
1.7
1.5
1.5
.7
.8
.8
.7
.6
Males, 20 years and over
Females, 20 years and over
.3
.4
.4
.4
.4
White
See footnote at end of table.
82
Table 39. Unemployed persons and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and reason, 1969-79—
Continued
Unemployment rate1
Number unemployed (thousands)
Entrants
Entrants
Item
Total
Job
losers
Job
leav
ers
Total
Reen
trants
New
work
ers
Total
Job
losers
Job
leav
ers
Total
R een
trants
New
work
ers
Black and other
1969...............................................................................
1970...............................................................................
1971....... ;......................................................................
1972...............................................................................
1973...............................................................................
1974...............................................................................
570
752
919
956
894
1,018
200
308
390
379
308
411
79
93
103
109
122
122
291
351
427
468
463
486
198
244
291
314
299
308
93
107
136
154
164
178
6.4
8.2
9.9
10.0
8.9
9.9
2.3
3.3
4.2
4.0
3.1
3.9
.9
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
3.2
3.9
4.6
4.9
4.6
4.7
2.2
2.7
3.1
3.3
3.0
3.0
1.0
1.2
1.5
1.6
1.6
1.7
1975...............................................................................
1976...............................................................................
1977...............................................................................
1978...............................................................................
1979...............................................................................
1,459
1,433
1,482
1,427
1,386
771
653
606
542
562
115
130
130
142
139
572
650
745
743
686
371
427
477
467
444
201
223
268
276
242
13.9
13.1
13.1
11.9
11.3
7.3
5.9
5.3
4.6
4.6
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.1
5.4
5.9
6.6
6.2
5.6
3.5
3.9
4.2
3.9
3.6
1.9
2.0
2.4
2.3
2.0
1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
83
Table 40. Long-term unemployment compared with total unemployment by sex, age, and
race, 1969-79
[Numbers in thousands]
Item
1969
1970
197T
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Total unemployed
Total:
Num ber..................................................
P e rcen t..................................................
2,831
100.0
4,088
100.0
4,993
100.0
4,840
100.0
4,304
100.0
5,076
100.0
7,830
100.0
7,288
100.0
6,855
100.0
6,047
100.0
5,963
100.0
M a le s ............................................................
16 to 19 years........................................
16 and 17 y e a rs................................
18 and 19 ye a rs................................
20 to 24 years........................................
25 to 44 years........................................
45 to 64 years........................................
65 years and o v e r.................................
49.6
15.6
8.6
7.0
9.5
12.7
10.0
1.7
54.7
14.7
7.5
7.2
11.7
15.7
10.9
1.7
55.6
13.8
6.9
6.9
12.7
16.6
11.1
1.4
54.5
14.6
7.3
7.3
12.8
15.2
10.3
1.5
52.0
15.0
8.1
6.9
11.9
14.7
9.0
1.3
52.6
14.8
7.7
7.1
12.4
15.6
8.6
1.2
56.0
12.2
5.6
6.6
13.5
18.7
10.2
1.3
54.4
12.7
6.0
6.7
12.7
18.0
9.7
1.3
52.3
12.6
6.0
6.5
12.3
17.6
8.4
1.4
50.4
13.2
6.9
6.3
12.1
15.9
7.9
1.3
50.6
13.3
6.4
6.9
11.8
16.5
7.9
11.2
Fem ales.........................................................
16 to 19 years........................................
16 and 17 y e a rs...............................
18 and 19 y e a rs...............................
20 to 24 years........................................
25 to 44 years........................................
45 to 64 years........................................
65 years and o v e r.................................
50.4
14.6
6.8
7.8
10.2
15.9
8.9
.8
45.3
12.4
5.7
6.7
9.4
14.4
8.3
.8
44.4
11.3
5.0
6.4
9.7
14.5
8.0
.8
45.5
12.3
5.7
6.6
10.3
14.4
7.8
.8
48.0
13.4
6.5
7.0
10.9
15.2
7.6
.7
47.4
13.0
5.9
7.1
10.9
15.3
7.5
.7
44.0
10.2
4.5
5.7
9.8
15.6
7.8
.7
45.6
10.6
4.8
5.8
10.2
16.4
7.6
.7
47.7
11.4
5.2
6.2
10.7
17.1
7.8
.7
49.5
12.6
6.0
6.6
11.4
17.9
6.9
.7
49.4
12.3
5.7
6.6
11.3
18.3
6.9
6.4
White.............................................................
M a le s .....................................................
Fem a le s.................................................
79.9
40.2
39.7
81.6
45.4
36.2
81.6
46.1
35.5
80.2
44.6
35.6
79.2
42.2
37.0
79.9
42.3
37.6
81.4
45.9
35.4
80.3
44.2
36.1
78.4
41.5
36.9
76.4
39.1
37.3
76.8
39.5
37.3
Black and other.............................................
M a le s .....................................................
F em ales.................................................
20.1
9.4
10.7
18.4
9.3
9.1
18.4
9.5
8.9
19.8
9.8
10.0
20.8
9.8
10.9
20.1
10.3
9.8
18.6
10.1
8.6
19.7
10.2
9.4
21.6
10.9
10.8
23.6
11.3
12.3
23.2
11.1
12.1
SEX AND A G E
R A C E AND SE X
Unemployed 15 weeks and over
Total:
Num ber..................................................
P e rce n t..................................................
375
100.0
662
100.0
1,181
100.0
1,158
100.0
812
100.0
937
100.0
2,483
100.0
2,339
100.0
1,911
100.0
1,379
100.0
1,202
100.0
M a le s............................................................
16 to 19 years........................................
16 and 17 y e a rs ...............................
18 and 19 y e a rs ................................
20 to 24 years........................................
25 to 44 years........................................
45 to 64 years........................................
65 years and o v e r.................................
54.0
9.1
4.8
4.3
7.5
15.2
18.4
3.7
60.1
9.2
4.5
4.7
10.0
18.9
17.8
4.2
62.1
9.3
4.1
5.2
12.1
21.2
16.8
2.7
61.7
9.1
4.0
5.1
12.6
20.5
16.6
2.9
59.2
9.0
4.2
4.8
11.9
20.9
14.9
2.5
60.4
11.0
4.5
6.5
12.2
20.0
14.7
2.6
61.5
7.7
2.7
5.0
14.9
23.1
13.6
2.1
60.5
7.4
2.6
4.8
13.3
22.6
15.2
2.0
58.8
7.6
2.9
4.7
12.8
22.8
11.8
2.1
58.0
8.2
3.1
5.1
12.7
21.5
13.3
2.4
57.8
8.2
3.1
5.2
11.5
22.7
13.6
1.9
Fem ales.........................................................
16 to 19 years........................................
16 and 17 y e a rs ................................
18 and 19 y e a rs ................................
20 to 24 years........................................
25 to 44 years........................................
45 to 64 years........................................
65 years and o v e r.................................
46.0
8.6
3.2
5.3
7.2
15.8
12.8
1.6
39.9
7.1
3.2
3.9
6.9
14.0
10.6
1.2
37.9
5.8
1.9
3.8
7.1
14.2
9.8
1.0
38.4
6.6
2.5
4.1
6.8
13.4
10.3
1.4
40.8
7.8
3.0
4.8
8.0
13.8
10.2
1.0
39.6
7.4
3.0
4.4
8.2
12.9
10.0
1.2
38.5
5.1
2.0
3.1
7.7
15.4
9.2
1.0
39.5
5.4
1.9
3.5
7.8
15.5
9.7
1.2
41.2
5.8
2.3
3.6
8.3
16.3
9.8
1.2
42.0
6.7
2.5
4.1
8.8
16.8
8.7
.9
42.3
6.1
2.2
3.9
9.4
18.0
8.2
.6
White............................................................
M a le s ....................................................
F em ales.................................................
78.9
44.5
34.4
81.3
50.0
31.3
80.9
51.1
30.0
80.6
50.5
30.1
77.1
46.9
30.2
77.6
46.9
30.7
80.3
49.7
30.7
80.2
48.6
31.6
77.4
45.3
32.1
72.2
42.1
30.0
72.9
42.9
30.0
Black and other............................................
M a le s ....................................................
F em ales................................................
21.1
9.6
11.5
18.7
10.0
8.8
19.0
11.0
8.0
19.4
11.1
8.3
22.9
12.3
10.6
22.5
13.5
9.1
19.7
11.8
7.9
19.8
11.8
8.0
22.6
13.4
9.1
27.8
15.9
12.0
27.1
14.9
12.2
SE X AND A G E
R A C E AND SE X
84
Table 40. Long-term unemployment compared with total unemployment by sex, age, and
race, 1969-79—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Item
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Unemployed 27 weeks and over
Total:
Num ber..................................................
P e rce n t..................................................
133
100.0
235
100.0
517
100.0
562
100.0
337
100.0
373
100.0
1,193
100.0
1,336
100.0
1,015
100.0
633
100.0
518
100.0
M a le s ............................................................
16 to 19 years........................................
16 and 17 ye a rs...............................
18 and 19 ye a rs...............................
20 to 24 years........................................
25 to 44 years........................................
45 to 64 years........................................
65 years and o v e r................................
56.1
5.3
2.3
3.0
6.1
16.7
22.7
5.3
62.4
5.5
3.4
2.1
9.3
20.3
21.5
5.9
62.3
7.2
2.7
4.4
1.0
21.3
19.3
3.5
62.3
6.9
3.0
3.9
10.9
21.9
18.9
3.7
61.4
7.2
3.0
4.2
10.9
21.9
18.9
3.3
63.0
8.0
2.9
5.1
10.2
23.1
18.0
3.5
62.9
5.5
1.6
3.9
13.8
24.6
16.3
2.7
61.5
5.1
1.7
3.4
12.6
24.2
17.7
1.9
60.9
5.9
2.1
3.9
12.2
23.9
15.9
2.9
59.4
6.2
2.4
3.9
11.1
22.3
16.6
3.5
59.7
7.1
2.5
4.6
9.1
24.7
16.4
2.3
Fem ales.........................................................
16 to 19 years.......................................
16 and 17 years.................................
18 and 19 years.................................
20 to 24 years........................................
25 to 44 years........................................
45 to 64 years........................................
65 years and o v e r.................................
43.9
8.3
2.3
6.1
6.1
15.2
12.9
1.5
37.6
4.2
1.3
3.0
5.9
13.9
11.8
1.7
37.9
5.0
1.5
3.5
6.0
14.1
11.4
1.4
37.7
4.3
1.8
2.5
6.0
14.1
11.7
1.6
38.6
6.6
1.8
4.8
6.9
12.3
11.7
1.2
37.0
5.4
2.1
3.2
7.0
11.3
11.8
1.3
37.1
3.7
1.5
2.2
6.6
14.8
10.6
1.5
38.5
4.0
1.3
2.8
7.0
15.1
11.1
1.3
39.0
4.4
1.7
2.8
7.2
15.8
10.3
1.5
40.6
5.5
1.7
3.9
7.7
16.7
9.3
1.1
40.3
5.0
1.7
3.3
8.7
16.4
10.0
.6
White.............................................................
M a le s ....................................... .............
Fem a le s.................................................
78.2
45.9
32.3
80.0
52.3
27.7
81.4
51.8
29.8
81.5
51.3
30.1
77.2
49.1
28.1
77.2
49.3
2 7:9
80.3
50.5
29.8
79.6
49.1
30.4
76.7
47.1
29.7
69.8
42.2
27.6
69.3
42.1
27.2
Black and other.............................................
M a le s .....................................................
Fem a le s.................................................
21.8
10.5
11.3
20.0
10.2
1.8
18.0
10.4
8.1
18.5
11.1
7.5
22.8
12.1
10.7
22.8
13.7
9.1
19.8
12.4
7.4
20.5
12.4
8.1
23.3
13.9
9.5
30.2
17.2
13.0
30.7
17.8
12.9
S E X AND A G E
R A C E AND SE X
85
Table 41. Long-term unemployment by industry and occupation, 1969-79
[Numbers in thousands]
Industry and occupation
1969
1970
19711
19721
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Unemployed 15 weeks and over
Total:
Num ber................................................................................
Percen t................................................................................
375
100.0
662
100.0
1,181
100.0
1,158
100.0
812
100.0
937
100.0
2,483
100.0
2,339
100.0
1,911
100.0
1,379
100.0
1,202
100.0
3.2
87.0
85.1
.8
9.0
28.6
16.4
12.2
4.0
18.0
21.5
3.2
1.9
9.8
2.1
88.4
87.0
.3
10.6
34.9
22.4
12.6
3.8
15.7
18.9
2.7
1.4
9.5
1.3
90.1
88.3
.6
8.1
36.4
24.9
11.5
3.7
18.2
18.7
2.6
1.8
8.6
1.3
89.0
87.6
.5
10.0
31.8
20.1
11.7
4.4
18.0
20.3
2.3
1.4
9.7
1.8
86.8
85.2
.5
10.7
25.2
14.2
11.1
4.6
19.1
22.3
2.8
1.6
11.3
1.7
87.2
86.1
.3
10.5
26.3
14.7
11.5
4.3
20.4
20.9
3.5
1.1
11.1
1.3
92.3
90.9
.2
11.8
36.1
23.7
12.4
4.4
17.5
18.2
2.7
1.4
6.4
1.8
90.9
89.6
.6
10.9
29.1
18.5
10.6
4.5
19.5
20.7
3.5
1.3
7.4
1.9
88.1
86.8
.4
10.0
24.6
14.4
10.2
4.4
20.4
23.4
3.6
1.3
10.0
1.6
87.4
85.7
.6
8.8
24.5
14.4
10.1
4.4
19.4
24.0
4.1
1.7
10.9
1.5
88.6
86.6
.9
9.2
25.1
14.4
10.7
4.8
18.3
23.9
4.2
2.0
10.0
5.6
4.0
5.3
13.3
8.8
27.7
7.0
3.6
4.1
13.5
12.0
27.7
8.5
3.8
4.2
13.4
12.1
27.8
—
8.3
1.9
12.8
.3
2.1
9.9
—
9.5
.9
11.6
.2
1.8
9.5
—
9.0
.7
11.1
—
.8
8.6
6.7
4.4
4.7
14.6
12.2
24.7
20.8
3.9
9.8
.8
11.6
—
.9
9.7
7.4
4.2
4.9
13.3
11.7
22.0
18.1
3.9
9.5
1.0
13.3
.1
1.2
11.3
6.5
4.9
4.6
14.5
11.2
22.4
18.1
4.3
9.9
.7
13.0
—
1.1
■ 11.1
5.4
4.5
4.1
13.6
14.5
28.7
24.4
4.3
10.5
.5
11.1
—
.6
6.4
6.6
5.6
3.9
14.8
13.8
23.3
19.0
4.3
9.9
.5
13.1
—
1.1
7.4
6.9
5.8
4.7
14.9
11.9
20.8
16.7
4.1
9.5
.5
13.6
.1
1.4
10.0
7.4
5.3
4.1
14.1
11.6
21.2
17.3
3.9
9.3
.7
14.0
—
1.2
10.9
7.3
5.7
4.0
13.5
11.2
22.2
18.1
4.2
10.1
.7
14.4
.1
.9
10.0
INDUSTRY
Agriculture...................................................................................
Nonagricultural industries...........................................................
Wage and salary workers....................................................
Mining...........................................................................
Construction.................................................................
Manufacturing...............................................................
Durable g o o d s.......................................................
Nondurable goods.................................................
Transportation and public utilities.................................
Wholesale and retail trade ...........................................
Finance and services...................................................
Public administration....................................................
Self-employed and unpaid family w orkers..........................
Persons with no previous work experience................................
OCCUPATION
Professional and technical workers............................................
Managers and administrators, except farm ................................
Sales workers.............................................................................
Clerical workers..........................................................................
Craft and kindred workers...........................................................
Operatives...................................................................................
Operatives, except transport...............................................
Transport equipment operatives..........................................
Nonfarm laborers........................................................................
Private household workers..........................................................
Service workers, excluding private household...........................
Farmers and farm m anagers......................................................
Farm laborers and supervisors...................................................
Persons with no previous work experience................................
Unemployed 27 weeks and over
Total:
Num ber.................................................................................
P ercen t.................................................................................
133
100.0
235
100.0
517
100.0
562
100.0
336
100.0
373
100.0
1,193
100.0
1,336
100.0
1,015
100.0
633
100.0
518
100.0
1.5
88.7
85.7
.8
6.8
28.6
15.8
12.8
5.3
19.5
21.1
3.8
3.0
9.8
1.7
90.3
88.2
.4
7.2
37.6
24.1
13.5
5.1
14.3
21.1
3.0
1.7
8.0
1.0
90.7
88.2
.6
6.4
38.1
27.1
11.0
3.7
17.2
19.0
3.3
2.5
8.3
1.2
89.7
88.3
.7
7.1
34.2
23.1
11.0
5.3
17.4
21.4
2.1
1.6
8.9
1.2
86.9
84.8
.6
8.9
26.2
15.8
10.7
4.8
19.0
22.0
3.3
2.1
11.9
1.6
86.9
85.8
.3
8.0
27.3
15.8
11.5
4.8
19.6
20.9
4.8
1.1
11.5
1.0
93.3
91.5
.3
11.7
37.0
24.9
12.1
4.9
17.4
17.6
2.8
1.8
5.7
1.3
92.3
91.1
.5
10.9
32.1
21.4
10.7
4.8
18.3
20.1
3.4
1.3
6.4
1.6
88.6
87.4
.3
10.0
24.4
14.4
10.0
4.9
19.9
24.3
3.5
1.2
9.8
1.1
88.1
85.6
.5
7.9
24.6
14.8
9.8
4.4
18.8
25.3
4.1
2.5
10.9
0.8
88.6
85.9
.8
7.5
25.5
14.9
10.8
5.6
16.6
25.5
4.6
2.7
10.6
5.3
4.5
6.1
15.2
7.6
26.5
—
—
7.6
1.5
15.2
—
.8
9.8
9.3
5.5
4.2
12.7
11.8
27.0
—
—
8.4
.8
11.4
.4
1.3
8.0
9.1
4.4
3.9
13.5
12.8
27.5
—
—
8.3
.6
11.0
—
.6
8.3
7.5
4.6
4.8
14.8
11.4
25.1
21.2
3.9
9.3
.9
11.9
—
.7
8.9
8.3
4.2
5.1
12.8
11.6
22.9
18.8
4.2
8.0
.9
13.7
—
.6
11.9
7.5
5.1
5.3
15.5
10.2
22.5
17.6
4.8
8.3
.5
12.6
—
1.1
11.5
5.4
5.4
3.8
14.2
14.6
29.0
24.7
4.3
10.3
.5
10.8
—
.3
5.7
6.4
5.5
3.7
15.1
14.1
25.2
20.5
4.7
9.7
.4
12.5
—
.8
6.4
7.5
6.4
4.7
14.2
11.9
20.7
16.7
4.0
9.5
.5
13.8
—
1.1
9.8
8.5
6.8
3.6
13.0
11.4
21.6
17.9
3.8
8.5
.6
14.1
—
.8
10.9
8.1
6.8
3.3
13.3
11.2
21.6
17.4
4.2
8.9
.8
15.1
—
.6
10.6
INDUSTRY
Agriculture....... ............................................................................
Nonagricultural industries............................................................
Wage and salary workers.....................................................
Mining............................................................................
Construction..................................................................
Manufacturing................................................................
Durable g o o d s........................................................
Nondurable goods..................................................
Transportation and public utilities.................................
Wholesale and retail tra d e ...........................................
Finance and services....................................................
Public administration....................................................
Self-employed and unpaid family w orkers..........................
Persons with no previous work experience................................
OCCUPATION
Professional and technical workers............................................
Managers and administrators except farm .................................
Sales workers..... ........................................................................
Clerical workers...........................................................................
Craft and kindred workers...........................................................
Operatives...................................................................................
Operatives, except transport................................................
Transport equipment operatives...........................................
Nonfarm laborers.........................................................................
Private household workers...........................................................
Service workers, excluding private household............................
Farmers and farm m anagers.......................................................
Farm laborers and supervisors....................................................
Persons with no previous work experience.................................
1See note on table 35 regarding comparability of occupational unemploy
ment data for 1971 and 1972 with earlier years.
86
Table 42. Unemployed jobseekers by the job search methods used, sex, and age, 1972-79
Percent using method
Year, sex, and age
Total
job
seekers
(thou
sands)
Public
employ
ment
agency
Private
employ
ment
agency
Em
ployer
direct
ly
Friends
or
rela
tives
Placed
or
an
swered
ads
Other
Average
num
ber of
meth
ods
used
1972
Total........................................................................................
16 to 19 y e a rs .................................................................
20 to 24 y e a rs .................................................................
25 to 34 y e a rs............. ....................................................
35 to 44 y e a rs .................................................................
45 to 54 y e a rs .................................................................
55 years and o ver...........................................................
4,130
1,214
986
699
455
393
382
28.4
18.5
32.6
33.9
35.2
31.8
27.7
8.8
5.3
10.0
10.9
12.1
10.7
7.1
71.8
78.3
71.9
70.7
67.7
66.9
62.6
13.8
13.3
12.4
15.5
13.6
13.5
16.8
26.0
20.8
28.8
27.6
29.5
28.8
25.4
6.3
3.7
4.6
6.2
7.0
10.7
13.6
1.55
1.40
1.60
1.65
1.65
1.62
1.53
M ale s......................................................................................
16 to 19 y e a rs.................................................................
20 to 24 y e a rs .................................................................
25 to 34 y e a rs .................................................................
35 to 44 y e a rs.................................................................
45 to 54 y e a rs .................................................................
55 years and o ve r...........................................................
2,201
654
538
350
215
203
239
31.2
18.5
35.9
40.3
41.4
34.5
30.1
9.0
5.0
10.2
11.7
14.9
11.3
6.3
72.6
80.1
73.4
71.7
67.4
64.5
61.1
15.7
15.7
13.9
18.6
15.8
13.8
16.7
24.1
18.7
27.7
27.1
27.0
26.1
22.2
8.1
3.1
5.4
8.3
11.2
17.7
17.6
1.61
1.41
1.67
1.78
1.78
1.68
1.54
Fem ales...................................................................................
16 to 19 y e a rs .................................................................
20 to 24 y e a rs .................................................................
25 to 34 y e a rs .................................................................
35 to 44 y e a rs .................................................................
45 to 54 y e a rs.................................................................
55 years and o ve r...........................................................
1,929
560
448
348
240
190
143
25.1
18.2
28.6
27.3
29.6
28.4
23.8
8.7
6.3
9.8
10.1
9.6
10.0
8.4
70.9
75.7
69.9
69.8
67.9
69.5
65.0
11.6
10.5
10.3
12.1
11.7
13.2
16.8
28.1
23.4
30.1
28.2
31.3
31.6
30.1
4.1
4.5
3.6
3.6
3.3
3.2
7.7
1.49
1.39
1.52
1.52
1.53
1.56
1.52
Total........................................................................................
16 to 19 y e a rs .................................................................
20 to 24 y e a rs .................................................................
25 to 34 y e a rs .................................................................
35 to 44 y e a rs .................................................................
45 to 54 y e a rs .................................................................
55 years and o ve r............ ...............................................
3,710
1,150
876
689
364
335
296
25.9
17.1
30.0
32.1
31.6
29.0
23.6
7.5
4.5
8.0
11.2
8.5
9.0
7.1
71.6
79.0
72.3
69.7
66.5
65.4
59.1
14.1
14.0
14.2
13.5
12.6
14.9
15.9
26.1
22.2
28.9
28.0
28.3
27.2
25.3
6.6
3.8
4.3
6.7
8.2
11.3
16.2
1.52
1.41
1.58
1.61
1.56
1.56
1.48
M ale s......................................................................................
16 to 19 y e a rs .................................................................
20 to 24 y e a rs .................................................................
25 to 34 y e a rs ........... .....................................................
35 to 44 y e a rs .................................................................
45 to 54 y e a rs .................................................................
55 years and o ve r............................................................
1,886
602
446
327
165
167
179
28.5
16.6
34.5
37.3
38.8
32.9
23.5
7.4
4.0
7.6
11.9
9.7
8.4
7.3
72.7
81.6
73.5
70.9
65.5
63.5
59.8
15.7
15.3
16.8
16.2
14.5
16.2
15.1
24.6
21.1
26.7
28.4
26.7
24.0
22.3
8.7
3.8
4.9
8.9
12.7
18.6
21.8
1.58
1.43
1.64
1.74
1.67
1.63
1.49
Fem ales...................................................................................
16 to 19 y e a rs ..................................................................
20 to 24 y e a rs ..................................................................
25 to 34 y e a rs ..................................................................
35 to 44 y e a rs ..................................................................
45 to 54 y e a rs ..................................................................
55 years and o ve r............................................................
1,824
548
430
362
200
168
117
23.3
17.7
25.3
27.3
25.5
25.0
23.9
7.7
4.9
8.4
10.2
8.0
8.9
6.8
70.5
75.9
70.7
68.5
67.5
67.3
59.8
12.3
12.6
11.4
11.0
11.0
14.3
17.9
27.7
23.2
31.2
27.6
29.5
30.4
29.9
4.3
3.8
3.7
4.4
4.5
3.6
8.5
1.46
1.38
1.51
1.49
1.46
1.49
1.45
y e a rs ..................................................................
y e a rs ..................................................................
y e a rs ..................................................................
y e a rs ..................................................................
y e a rs ..................................................................
and o ve r............................................................
4,201
1,306
993
784
426
369
323
26.3
19.0
30.4
31.0
28.9
28.2
26.0
7.8
4.7
9.0
10.6
9.2
9.2
7.1
71.8
79.0
72.0
69.4
67.6
66.4
60.1
14.4
13.2
14.5
14.5
14.3
15.2
17.6
27.0
23.0
28.8
29.3
27.9
28.2
29.1
6.7
4.3
5.3
7.0
8.7
11.1
12.7
1.54
1.43
1.60
1.62
1.56
1.58
1.53
M ale s.......................................................................................
16 to 19 y e a rs ..................................................................
20 to 24 y e a rs ..................................................................
25 to 34 y e a rs ..................................................................
35 to 44 y e a rs ..................................................................
45 to 54 y e a rs ..................................................................
55 years and o ve r............................................................
2,148
687
514
385
189
179
195
29.4
19.4
34.4
38.2
36.5
30.2
25.6
7.9
3.9
8.6
11.9
11.1
10.1
6.7
72.2
80.3
71.6
69.9
66.7
66.5
60.0
16.9
14.3
18.1
19.0
18.5
17.3
16.9
24.8
20.7
27.8
29.1
23.8
23.5
24.6
9.3
4.7
7.2
10.4
13.8
17.3
17.4
1.60
1.44
1.68
1.78
1.71
1.65
1.51
Fem ales....................................................................................
16 to 19 y e a rs ..................................................................
20 to 24 y e a rs ..................................................................
25 to 34 y e a rs ..................................................................
35 to 44 y e a rs ..................................................................
45 to 54 y e a rs ..................................................................
55 years and o ver............................................................
2,052
619
478
399
237
190
129
23.1
18.3
26.2
24.1
22.8
26.3
26.4
7.8
5.7
9.4
9.3
7.2
8.4
7.8
71.5
77.5
72.6
68.9
68.8
66.3
60.5
11.7
12.0
10.7
10.3
10.5
13.2
18.6
29.3
25.5
29.9
29.6
31.2
32.6
36.4
3.9
3.9
3.3
3.8
4.2
4.7
6.2
1.47
1.43
1.52
1.46
1.45
1.52
1.53
1973
1974
16
20
25
35
45
55
to 19
to 24
to 34
to 44
to 54
years
See footnote at end of table.
87
Table 42. Unemployed jobseekers by the job search methods used, sex, and age, 1972-79'
Continued
Percent using method
Year, sex, and age
Total
job
seekers
(thou
sands)
Public
employ
ment
agency
Private
employ
ment
agency
Em
ployer
direct
ly
Friends
or
rela
tives
Placed
'or
an
swered
ads
Other
Average
num
ber of
meth
ods
used
1975
Total.........................................................................................
16 to 19 y e a rs ..................................................................
20 to 24 y e a rs ..................................................................
25 to 34 y e a rs ..................................................................
35 to 44 y e a rs ..................................................................
45 to 54 y e a rs ..................................................................
55 years and o ve r............................................................
6,006
1,587
1,429
1,245
658
596
491
29.0
19.0
33.5
34.3
31.5
33.9
25.3
6.9
3.7
7.1
9.0
8.8
8.2
6.7
71.2
78.4
71.1
68.6
68.8
66.6
64.4
14.9
14.0
14.6
14.8
15.4
15.3
18.3
29.4
24.1
33.0
32.4
30.7
29.9
18.5
6.5
3.8
4.8
7.0
8.4
10.2
11.4
1.58
1.43
1.64
1.66
1.64
1.64
1.45
M ale s.......................................................................................
16,to 19 y e a rs ........................ .........................................
20 to 24 y e a rs ..................................................................
25 to 34 y e a rs ..................................................................
35 to 44 y e a rs ..................................................................
45 to 54 y e a rs ..................................................................
55 years and o ve r............................................................
3,223
850
781
639
328
329
295
31.7
20.4
36.4
39.3
37.2
36.2
24.4
6.9
2.8
6.5
10.0
10.4
9.1
6.8
72.0
79.2
72.6
68.9
69.8
66.9
64.4
17.2
16.1
17.0
18.0
18.3
16.4
19.3
27.8
22.7
32.0
31.1
28.7
26.7
24.1
8.4
3.6
5.4
9.5
12.5
15.8
15.3
1.64
1.45
1.70
1.77
1.77
1.71
1.54
Fem ales....................................................................................
16 to 19 y e a rs ..................................................................
20 to 24 y e a rs ..................................................................
25 to 34 y e a rs ..................................................................
35 to 44 y e a rs ..................................................................
45 to 54 y e a rs ..................................................................
55 years and ove r............................................................
2,783
737
647
606
330
267
197
25.8
17.5
29.8
29.0
25.8
31.5
26.4
6.8
4.6
7.9
7.8
7.3
7.1
6.6
70.4
77.5
69.4
68.3
67.9
66.3
63.5
12.3
11.5
11.7
11.6
12.4
14.2
16.8
31.3
25.6
34.3
33.5
32.7
33.7
29.9
4.1
3.9
4.0
4.3
4.2
3.4
5.6
1.51
1.41
1.57
1.55
1.50
1.56
1.49
Total.........................................................................................
16 to 19 y e a rs ..................................................................
20 to 24 y e a rs ..................................................................
25 to 34 y e a rs ..................................................................
35 to 44 y e a rs ..................................................................
45 to 54 y e a rs ..................................................................
55 years and ove r............................................................
6,112
1,572
1,431
1,341
666
581
519
28.1
17.6
31.9
32.9
33.0
30.8
27.0
6.4
3.8
6.8
8.1
8.1
7.4
5.2
72.0
79.1
71.8
70.2
68.3
65.4
67.8
14.9
13.4
14.7
15.3
15.3
16.7
17.0
30.4
25.6
34.0
32.6
31.4
31.5
27.4
6.3
4.4
4.8
7.1
7.4
9.5
9.1
1.58
1.44
1.64
1.66
1.64
1.61
1.54
M ale s.......................................................................................
16 to 19 y e a rs ..................................................................
20 to 24 y e a rs ..................................................................
25 to 34 y e a rs ..................................................................
35 to 44 y e a rs ..................................................................
45 to 54 y e a rs ..................................................................
55 years and ove r............................................................
3,212
847
760
670
323
306
306
30.5
17.4
34.2
38.5
39.6
32.4
28.8
6.5
3.1
6.2
8.7
10.8
8.8
4.6
73.1
80.9
73.7
70.3
69.0
66.0
67.6
17.4
15.6
17.6
18.4
16.7
19.9
18.6
28.3
24.2
31.4
31.9
27.9
29.4
23.2
8.2
4.4
5.8
9.9
11.8
14.4
11.8
1.64
1.46
1.69
1.78
1.76
1.71
1.55
Fem ales....................................................................................
16 to 19 y e a rs ..................................................................
20 to 24 y e a rs ..................................................................
25 to 34 y e a rs ..................................................................
35 to 44 y e a rs ..................................................................
45 to 54 y e a rs ..................................................................
55 years and o ve r............................................................
2,900
726
672
671
343
275
264
25.3
18.0
29.3
27.3
26.8
29.1
24.3
6.2
4.7
7.4
7.5
5.2
5.8
6.1
70.8
76.9
69.8
70.0
67.6
64.7
67.8
12.2
10.7
11.5
12.4
14.0
13.1
15.0
32.8
27.1
36.9
33.2
34.7
33.5
33.2
4.1
4.4
3.6
4.3
3.2
4.4
5.1
1.51
1.42
1.59
1.55
1.52
1.51
1.52
Total.........................................................................................
16 to 19 y e a rs ..................................................................
20 to 24 y e a rs ..................................................................
25 to 34 y e a rs ..................................................................
35 to 44 y e a rs ..................................................................
45 to 54 y e a rs ..................................................................
55 years and o ve r............................................................
5,865
1,533
1,373
1,328
629
525
476
27.5
18.7
31.5
32.7
31.6
27.4
23.9
6.5
3.5
7.4
8.2
7.6
8.0
6.3
72.5
79.5
74.4
70.6
67.4
63.8
66.6
14.1
12.7
14.1
14.3
14.8
14.9
16.8
30.1
23.8
32.1
33.8
31.8
33.1
29.4
6.7
5.0
5.2
6.4
8.3
10.9
10.5
1.57
1.43
1.65
1.66
1.62
1.58
1.54
M ale s.......................................................................................
16 to 19 y e a rs ..................................................................
20 to 24 y e a rs ..................................................................
25 to 34 y e a rs ..................................................................
35 to 44 y e a rs .................... .............................................
45 to 54 y e a rs............................................................... .
55 years and o ve r.............................................. .............
2,979
797
708
664
281
251
278
30.5
20.3
35.2
38.9
37.4
27.5
24.1
6.8
3.3
7.2
9.9
9.6
8.8
5.0
72.7
80.3
75.3
70.0
65.8
62.2
67.6
16.3
14.7
16.2
16.7
17.8
18.3
17.3
27.9
21.5
30.6
32.4
29.2
28.3
27.0
8.7
5.3
6.1
8.4
13.5
17.1
13.3
1.63
1.45
1.71
1.76
1.73
1.62
1.54
Fem ales....................................................................................
16 to 19 y e a rs ..................................................................
20 to 24 y e a rs ..................................................................
2,886
737
665
24.3
17.0
27.7
6.1
3.7
7.5
72.2
78.4
73.4
11.9
10.4
11.7
32.4
26.3
33.5
4.6
4.7
4.4
1.52
1.41
1.58
1976
1977
See footnote at end of table.
88
Table 42. Unemployed jobseekers by the job search methods used, sex, and age, 1972-79'
Continued
Percent using method
Total
job
seekers
(thou
sands)
Friends
or
rela
tives
Other
Aver
age
num
ber of
meth
ods
used
Public
employ
ment
agency
Private
employ
ment
agency
663
349
274
199
26.5
26.9
27.0
23.6
6.5
6.0
7.3
8.0
71.3
68.5
65.0
64.8
11.9
12.6
11.7
16.6
35.3
33.8
37.8
32.7
4.4
4.0
4.7
6.0
1.56
1.52
1.53
1.52
Total........................................................................................ 1
16 to 19 y e a rs ................................................................. j
20 to 24 y e a rs ..................................................................
25 to 34 y e a rs ..................................................................
35 to 44 y e a rs ..................................................................
45 to 54 y e a rs ..................................................................
55 years and ove r............................................................
5,200
1,461
1,237
1,125
558
447
373
26.3
17.1
30.2
31.6
31.4
27.7
24.4
5.9
3.1
6.7
7.5
7.2
7.4
5.9
71.5
78.0
72.4
68.6
68.1
65.5
63.5
13.8
11.9
13.8
15.2
14.0
15.7
14.7
29.2
24.5
31.4
33.3
29.4
29.5
26.5
6.3
5.0
5.2
6.3
7.0
8.7
11.0
1.53
1.40
1.60
1.62
1.57
1.55
1.46
M a le s.......................................................................................
16 to 19 y e a rs ..................................................................
20 to 24 y e a rs ..................................................................
25 to 34 y e a rs ..................................................................
35 to 44 y e a rs ..................................................................
45 to 54 y e a rs ..................................................................
55 years and ove r............................................................
2,550
744
615
512
234
221
223
28.4
17.3
32.8
36.9
38.9
28.5
22.9
5.9
2.6
7.2
7.8
8.1
7.2
5.4
72.2
78.9
72.7
69.5
66.7
67.4
65.9
16.2
14.4
16.3
18.4
15.8
18.6
14.8
26.6
22.2
29.6
30.9
27.4
26.2
22.9
8.2
5.5
6.3
8.2
11.5
12.7
13.9
1.57
1.41
1.65
1.72
1.68
1.61
1.46
Fem ales...................................................................................
16 to 19 y e a rs ..................................................................
20 to 24 y e a rs ..................................................................
25 to 34 y e a rs ....................... ..........................................
35 to 44 y e a rs ..................................................................
45 to 54 y e a rs ..................................................................
55 years and o ve r............................................................
2,651
717
622
613
324
226
150
24.3
17.0
27.5
27.1
25.9
27.0
26.7
6.0
3.8
6.3
7.0
6.5
7.5
6.7
70.7
77.3
72.0
67.9
69.1
63.7
60.0
11.5
9.3
11.4
12.6
12.7
12.4
15.3
31.6
26.9
33.3
35.4
30.9
32.7
32.0
4.6
4.5
4.0
4.6
3.7
4.9
7.3
1.49
1.39
1.55
1.54
1.49
1.48
1.48
Total.........................................................................................
16 to 19 y e a rs ..................................................................
20 to 24 y e a rs ..................................................................
25 to 34 y e a rs ..................................................................
35 to 44 y e a rs ..................................................................
45 to 54 y e a rs ..................................................................
55 years and ove r............................................................
5,015
1,420
1,162
1,108
555
420
352
26.5
19.2
29.4
30.7
30.8
28.3
23.6
6.4
3.2
7.3
8.3
8.5
6.7
6.0
71.1
77.4
72.2
68.8
67.7
66.4
60.2
13.6
13.0
12.7
14.0
13.9
15.0
15.9
30.0
23.9
31.8
35.1
31.5
30.5
30.1
6.5
5.1
5.2
6.3
7.6
9.3
11.4
1.54
1.42
1.59
1.63
1.60
1.56
1.47
M a le s.......................................................................................
16 to 19 y e a rs ..................................................................
20 to 24 y e a rs ..................................................................
25 to 34 y e a rs............................................................... .
35 to 44 y e a rs ..................................................................
45 to 54 y e a rs ..................................................................
55 years and o ve r........ .................................................. .
2,442
728
567
488
244
208
206
28.5
19.9
31.4
35.2
35.7
32.2
23.3
6.5
3.2
6.7
9.4
9.8
7.2
5.8
72.2
78.4
73.5
69.5
68.9
68.3
60.7
16.2
15.0
14.8
18.0
17.2
17.8
17.0
27.8
22.1
29.5
34.4
28.7
26.4
28.2
7.9
4.9
6.2
8.0
10.2
13.5
14.6
1.59
1.44
1.62
1.75
1.70
1.65
1.50
Fem ales....................................................................................
16 to 19 y e a rs ..................................................................
20 to 24 y e a rs ..................................................................
25 to 34 y e a rs ..................................................................
35 to 44 y e a rs ..................................................................
45 to 54 y e a rs ..................................................................
55 years and o ve r............................................................
2,574
692
595
620
311
212
144
24.5
18.5
27.6
27.1
27.0
24.1
25.0
6.3
3.5
7.7
7.4
7.4
6.1
6.3
70.1
76.3
70.9
68.2
66.9
64.2
59.7
11.2
11.0
10.8
10.8
11.3
11.8
14.6
32.2
25.9
34.1
35.6
33.8
34.4
34.0
5.1
5.2
4.4
5.0
5.5
5.7
6.9
1.49
1.40
1.55
1.54
1.52
1.46
1.47
Year, sex, and age
Em
ployer
direct
ly
Placed
or
an
swered
ads
1977— Continued
Fem ales— Continued
25
35
45
55
fo 34
to 44
to 54
years
y e a rs ..................................................................
y e a rs ............................................................... .
y e a rs ..................................................................
and o ve r............................................................
1978
1979
Note : The total for jobseekers is less than the total unem
ployed shown elsewhere in this bulletin because persons on layoff
or waiting to begin a new wage and salary job within 30 days are
not actually seeking jobs. It should also be noted that the sum of
the percentages exceeds 100 percent because some jobseekers
use more than one method.
89
Table 43. Unemployed jobseekers by the job search methods used, race, and sex,
1972-79
Percent using method
Year, race, and sex
Total
job
seekers
(thou
sands)
Public
employ
ment
agency
Private
employ
ment
agency
Em
ployer
direct
ly
Friends
or
rela
tives
Placed
or
an
swered
ads
Other
Aver
age
num
ber of
meth
ods
used
1972
W h ite.......................................................................................
M a le s ................................................................................
Fem ales............................................................................
3,260
1,778
1,482
26.5
29.9
22.4
9.4
9.4
9.4
72.5
72.9
71.9
13.7
15.6
11.5
27.7
25.6
30.2
6.3
8.3
3.8
1.56
1.62
1.49
Black and other.......................................................................
M a le s ................................................................................
Fem ales............................................................................
870
422
448
35.4
37.0
33.9
6.8
7.3
6.9
69.3
71.3
67.4
14.3
16.4
12.3
19.4
17.5
21.2
6.2
7.3
5.1
1.51
1.57
1.46
W h ite.......................................................................................
M a le s ................................................................................
Fem ales............................................................................
2,879
1,504
1,375
24.0
26.8
21.0
7.8
7.6
8.1
72.2
72.8
71.6
14.1
15.8
12.1
28.2
26.3
30.3
6.8
9.3
4.1
1.53
1.59
1.47
Black and other........................................................................
M a le s ................................................................................
Fem ales............................................................................
830
382
448
32.5
35.1
30.4
6.5
7.1
6.0
69.8
72.5
67.6
14.1
15.4
12.9
18.9
17.8
19.9
5.7
6.5
5.1
1.47
1.54
1.42
W h ite.......................................................................................
M a le s ................................................................................
Fem ales............................................................................
3,298
1,696
1,603
24.5
27.7
21.1
8.0
8.0
7.9
72.5
72.9
72.0
14.2
16.6
11.7
28.4
26.0
31.0
7.0
9.9
3.9
1.55
1.61
1.48
Black and other........................................................................
M a le s ................................................................................
Fem ales............................................................................
902
453
449
32.9
35.8
30.1
7.3
7.3
7.3
69.7
69.5
69.9
14.9
18.1
11.6
21.7
20.3
23.2
5.8
7.1
4.2
1.52
1.58
1.46
W h ite.......................................................................................
M a le s ................................................................................
Fem ales............................................................................
4,811
2,607
2,204
27.3
30.4
23.6
6.9
7.1
6.7
72.1
72.5
71.6
14.8
17.1
12.1
31.0
29.2
33.1
6.5
8.7
3.9
1.59
1.65
1.50
Black and other.......................................................................
M a le s ................................................................................
Fem ales............................................................................
1,195
616
580
35.8
37.3
34.1
6.6
6.2
7.1
67.9
69.8
65.7
15.6
17.9
13.1
23.1
21.9
24.5
6.2
7.1
5.0
1.55
1.60
1.50
W h ite.......................................................................................
M a le s ................................................................................
Fem ales............................................................................
4,836
2,568
2,267
26.2
28.9
23.2
6.4
6.5
6.3
73.0
73.9
71.9
14.8
17.3
12.0
32.2
29.9
34.8
6.4
8.6
3.9
1.59
1.65
1.52
Black and other........................................................................
M a le s ................................................................................
Fem ales............................................................................
1,276
644
633
35.0
36.8
33.0
6.3
6.5
6.0
68.2
69.9
66.4
15.4
17.9
13.0
23.9
22.2
25.6
5.7
6.7
4.6
1.55
1.60
1.49
W h ite.......................................................................................
M a le s ................................................................................
Fem ales............................................................................
4,510
2,314
2,197
25.2
28.1
22.1
6.4
6.8
5.9
73.6
73.4
73.8
13.8
15.9
11.5
31.6
29.3
34.0
6.8
9.3
4.1
1.57
1.63
1.51
Black and other....... ................................................................
M a le s ................................................................................
Fem ales............................................................................
1,355
666
689
35.0
38.9
31.2
6.9
7.1
6.7
68.8
70.3
67.3
15.3
17.7
13.1
25.3
23.3
27.3
6.3
6.6
6.0
1.58
1.64
1.52
W h ite.......................................................................................
M a le s ................................................................................
Fem ales............................................................................
3,894
1,937
1,957
24.0
26.0
22.1
5.8
5.7
6.0
72.6
73.2
71.9
13.7
15.7
11.7
30.4
27.4
33.4
6.3
8.3
4.3
1.53
1.56
1.49
Black and other........................................................................
M a le s ................................................................................
Fem ales............................................................................
1,307
613
694
33.1
35.9
30.5
6.2
6.5
5.9
68.2
69.2
67.4
14.2
17.6
11.2
25.6
24.1
26.8
6.3
7.5
5.2
1.54
1.61
1.47
W h ite.......................................................................................
M a le s ................................................................................
Fem ales............................................................................
3,778
1,866
1,912
23.8
26.4
21.4
6.2
6.3
6.0
72.4
73.3
71.6
14.0
16.4
11.6
31.6
29.2
33.9
6.4
8.1
4.7
1.54
1.60
1.49
Black and other............................................................... ........
M a le s ................................................................................
Fem ales............................................................................
1,237
575
662
34.5
35.7
33.5
7.0
7.0
6.9
67.1
68.7
65.7
12.5
15.5
10.0
25.4
23.1
27.2
6.6
7.1
6.2
1.53
1.57
1.50
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Note : See note, table 42.
90
Table 44. Total labor force, employment, and unemployment levels in States, annual averages,
1975-791
[In thousands]
Labor force
Unemployment
Employment
State
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1,374 1,419 1,487
153
158
161
897
842
938
854
809
861
8,820 9,307 9,890
1,509 111.0
164
10.7
999 111.9
895
81.0
10,285 926.0
100
14
92
62
889
114
16
80
60
834
101
20
61
58
756
116
16
53
59
684
1,147 1,183 1,237
1,326 1,394 1,440
247
252
236
301
301
292
3,131 3,232 3,464
1,319
80.0
1,500 133.0
253
24.9
296
25.3
3,605 364.0
71
138
23
30
311
79
106
23
32
289
72
79
21
28
246
66
81
22
24
230
2,215
374
398
5,038
2,443
185.0
31.8
21.4
356.0
206.0
178
39
21
331
148
155
30
23
320
141
131
31
23
323
146
119
25
24
293
167
1,373
1,157
1,476
1,567
454
55.8
48.2
103.0
106.0
47.2
53
46
81
102
42
56
45
70
109
39
57
35
82
113
29
59
40
87
112
35
1,722.0 1,763 1,826 1,919
2,410.0 2,481 2,547 2,662
3,408.0 3,621 3,780 3,909
1,697.0 1,756 1,829 1,926
887
847.9
893
901
1,968 128.0
2,731 302.0
3,979 486.0
1,978 107.0
930
76.6
127
261
373
110
62
118
225
336
98
71
114
173
289
76
68
123
160
335
86
57
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1975
Alabam a...........................................
Alaska...............................................
A rizona.............................................
A rkansas..........................................
California..........................................
1,439.0
155.1
924.7
852.3
9,385.0
1,474
166
934
871
9,709
1,532
174
977
914
10,142
1,587
181
1,000
918
10,646
1,624
180
1,052
955
10,968
1,328.0
144.4
812.8
771.2
8,460.0
Colorado...........................................
Connecticut.......................................
Delaware..........................................
District of Colum bia..........................
F lo rid a..............................................
1,155.0 1,219
1,453.0 1*464
259
255.2
340.8
330
3,418.0 3,442
1,261
1,500
270
324
3,522
1,309
1,519
273
330
3,711
1,385
1,581
275
320
3,835
1,075.0
1,321.0
230.4
315.5
3,053.0
Georgia............ ................................
Hawaii...............................................
Idaho.................................................
Illinois................................................
Indiana..............................................
2,142.0 2,203
382.9
396
368
345.6
5,011.0 5,062
2^396.0 2*438
2,247
403
390
5,205
2*468
2,309
400
407
5,324
2,577
2,334
399
422
5,332
2,610
1,956.0 2,025 2,092
357
374
351.1
324.2
367
346
4,655.0 4,732 4,885
2,190.0 2,290 2,326
2,179
369
384
5,002
2,431
Iowa..................................................
K a n s a s ..............................................
Kentucky...........................................
Louisiana...........................................
M aine................................................ .
1,296.8
1*050.7
1,405.0
1,456.0
456.9
1,345
1,084
1,451
1,497
472
1,395
1,121
1,511
1,571
470
1,425
1,159
1,551
1,623
473
1,432
1,198
1,563
1,679
489
1,240.9
1,002.5
1,303.0
1,349.0
409.7
1,339
1,075
1,440
1,462
430
1,368
1,124
1,470
1,510
444
M aryland...........................................
M assachusetts..................................
Michigan............................................
M innesota.........................................
M ississippi..........................................
1,849.0 1,891
2,712.0 2,742
3,895.0 3,994
1,804.0 1,867
924.5
949
1,944
2,771
4,117
1,928
963
2,032
2,835
4,198
2,003
969
2,092
2,891
4,314
2,063
987
1976
1,291
1,039
1,370
1,396
430
1977
1978
1979
M issouri............................................. 2,078.0
322.6
M ontana.............................................
706.9
Nebraska............................................
288.5
N evada..............................................
378.7
New Hampshire.................................
2,136
332
720
304
390
2,227
345
752
321
410
2,256
367
772
338
427
2,293
370
772
358
444
1,936.0
3,02.0
677.5
260.6
344.7
2,143
346
749
322
410
2,188
351
747
340
430
142.0
20.6
29.4
27.9
34.1
133
20
24
27
25
131
22
28
23
24
114
22
23
15
16
104
19
24
18
14
New Je rse y................................... .
3,240.0
New M exico.......................................
444.3
New Y o rk ........................................... 7,634.0
North C arolina................................... 2,500.0
267.1
North Dakota.....................................
3,292
466
7,685
2,553
281
3,353
504
7,727
2,615
289
3,425
526
7,838
2,676
295
3,538
538
8,009
2,692
303
2,908.0 2,949 3,038 3,179
3,99.7
423
465
496
6,906.0 6,896 7,022 7,236
2,284.0 2,395 2,461 2,559
2,57.4
271
275
281
3,292
502
7,437
2,563
292
332.0
44.6
727.0
217.0
9.7
344
43
789
159
10
315
39
704
155
14
246
30
603
116
. 14
245
35
570
129
11
4,711.0 4,737
1,162.0 1,159
1,039.0 1,069
5,068.0 5,094
427.8
432
4,815
1,220
1,133
5,165
439
4,937
1,244
1,196
5,255
432
5,036
1,278
1,217
5,296
450
4,282.0
1,078.0
929.0
4,646.0
380.0
4,367 4,504 4,670
1,094 1,159 1,195
967 1,049 1,124
4,690 4,767 4,891
397
4,01
403
4,739 428.0
1,234
83.0
1,134 110.0
4,930 421.0
420
47.9
369
65
102
404
35
311
61
83
398
38
267
48
72
364
29
297
44
83
366
30
1,249
312
1,833
5,563
516
1,274
318
1,900
5,771
532
1,290
328
1,916
6,012
544
1,306
338
1,979
6,244
584
1,074.0
297.3
1,658.0
5,015.0
4,65.5
1,161
302
1,722
5,243
487
1,183
308
1,780
5,461
504
1,217
318
1,806
5,723
523
1,241
326
1,865
5,981
559
103.0
11.5
151.0
296.0
32.3
87
11
110
319
29
92
10
120
309
28
74
10
110
289
21
65
12
115
263
25
Vermont.............................................
210.6
216
Virginia............................................... 2,257.0 2,312
W ashington........................................ 1,538.0 1,592
West Virginia......................................
666.8
683
W isconsin........................................... 2,124.0 2,181
W yom ing...........................................
165.9
179
226
2,370
1,656
690
2,220
193
237
2,443
1,767
720
2,310
209
240
2,477
1,892
751
2,381
223
190.7
2,112.0
1,391.0
609.8
1,976.0
1,58.9
197
210
2,176 2,244
1,454 1,512
641
632
2,059 2,110
171
186
223
2,311
1,647
674
2,191
202
228
2,360
1,764
700
2,273
217
19.8
145.0
147.0
57.0
148.0
7.0
19
136
137
51
122
7
16
126
145
49
109
7
14
131
121
46
118
7
12
117
128
51
108
6
O h io ...................................................
Oklahoma...........................................
Oregon ..............................................
Pennsylvania......................................
Rhode Island.....................................
South Carolina................................... 1,178.0
South Dakota.....................................
308.7
T en nessee......................................... 1,808.0
T exas................................................. 5,312.0
U tah...................................................
497.8
1 Estimates for 1976-79 are based on the Current Population Survey
(CPS). Estimates for 1975 are based both on estimates from the C P S and
the Federal-State Cooperative Program (adjusted to C P S concepts). Labor
2,002
312
696
277
365
2,096
323
725
298
386
force, employment, and unemployment levels are subject to revised population controls,
91
Table 45. Unemployment rates for regions and States by sex and age, annual averages, 1975-79
Total, all ages
Adult men (20 years and over)
Region and State
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Error
range
1979 1
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Error
range
1979 1
United States...................
8.5
7.7
7.0
6.0
5.8
5.7-5.9
6.7
5.9
5.2
4.2
4.1
4.0-4.2
Northeast...................................
New England..........................
Connecticut........................
M a in e .................................
M assachusetts....................
New H am pshire..................
Rhode Island......................
Verm ont..............................
Middle A tlantic.......................
New Jersey.........................
New Y o rk ............................
Pennsylvania......................
9.5
10.2
9.1
2 10.3
11.2
2 9.0
2 11.2
2 9.4
9.3
10.2
9.5
8.3
9.4
9.1
9.5
8.9
9.5
6.4
8.1
8.7
9.5
10.4
10.3
7.9
8.4
7.7
7.0
8.4
8.1
5.9
8.6
7.0
8.7
9.4
9.1
7.7
6.9
5.7
5.2
6.1
6.1
3.8
6.6
5.7
7.3
7.2
7.7
6.9
6.6
5.4
5.1
7.2
5.5
3.1
6.6
5.1
7.0
6.9
7.1
6.9
6.4-6.8
5.1-5.7
4.5-5.7
6.3-8.1
5.1-5.9
2.5-3.7
5.6-7.6
4.3-5.9
6.8-7.2
6.4-7.4
6.7-7.5
6.5-7.3
8.2
8.8
7.7
n.a.
9.9
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
8.0
8.3
8.4
7.0
7.9
7.5
7.5
7.4
7.9
4.8
7.6
7.6
8.1
8.6
8.8
6.7
7.0
6.3
5.5
6.7
6.7
4.2
7.6
5.7
7.2
7.1
7.9
6.4
5.4
4.3
3.4
4.7
4.9
2.3
5.3
4.1
5.8
5.3
6.3
5.3
5.0
4.1
3.3
5.9
4.3
2.1
5.6
3.2
5.3
5.3
5.4
5.2
4.8-5.2
3.7-4.5
2.6-4.0
4.7-7.1
3.8-4.8
1.4-2.8
4.4-6.8
2.3-4.1
5.0-5.6
4.7-5.9
5.0-5.8
4.7-5.7
South........ .................................
South Atlantic.........................
Delaware.............................
District of Colum bia............
Florida.................................
G eo rgia...............................
M aryland.............................
North Carolina....................
South Caro lin a...................
Virginia................................
West Virginia......................
East South Central.................
Alabam a..............................
Kentucky.............................
M ississip p i..........................
Tennessee..........................
West South Central................
A rkansas.............................
Louisiana.............................
O klahom a...........................
T e x a s .................................
7.7
8.5
2 9.7
7.6
10.7
8.6
6.9
8.6
8.7
6.4
2 8.5
7.9
7.7
7.3
2 8.3
8.3
6.4
2 9.5
7.4
7.2
5.6
6.7
7.4
8.9
9.1
9.0
8.1
6.8
6.2
6.9
5.9
7.5
6.2
6.8
5.6
6.6
6.0
6.0
7.1
6.8
5.6
5.7
6.4
6.8
8.4
9.7
8.2
6.9
6.1
5.9
7.2
5.3
7.1
6.4
7.4
4.7
7.4
6.3
5.7
6.6
7.0
5.0
5.3
5.6
5.7
7.6
8.5
6.6
5.7
5.6
4.3
5.7
5.4
6.3
6.0
6.3
5.2
7.1
5.8
5.2
6.3
7.0
3.9
4.8
5.4
5.5
8.0
7.5
6.0
5.1
5.9
4.8
5.0
4.7
6.7
6.1
7.1
5.6
5.8
5.8
4.7
6.2
6.7
3.4
4.2
5.3-5.5
5.3-5.7
6.9-9.1
6.4-8.6
5.5-6.5
4.5-5.7
5.1-6.7
4.2-5.4
4.3-5.7
4.0-5.4
5.8-7.6
5.8-6.4
6.3-7.9
4.8-6.4
5.0-6.6
5.1-6.5
4.5-4.9
5.4-7.0
6.0-7.4
2.7-4.1
3.9-4.5
5.7
6.6
n.a.
7.5
9.6
6.5
5.2
6.3
6.6
3.7
n.a.
5.9
5.8
5.1
n.a.
6.5
4.2
n.a.
5.6
4.5
3.2
4.7
5.4
6.5
9.4
8.0
4.9
4.6
4.C
4.2
4.4
5.1
4.3
5.0
4.1
3.7
4.3
3.8
4.6
4.5
4.4
3.4
4.3
4.7
5.7
8.8
6.3
3.9
4.1
4.1
5.0
3.2
5.3
4.2
4.9
3.0
4.2
4.4
3.7
4.5
4.9
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.6
4.8
7.6
4.4
3.4
3.6
2.6
2.7
3.3
4.4
3.6
3.9
3.3
3.2
3.7
3.1
4.0
4.3
2.2
2.8
3.3
3.5
4.8
5.9
3.9
2.7
3.7
3.1
2.7
3.0
5.1
3.8
4.3
3.4
3.3
3.8
2.8
3.5
3.9
2.2
2.5
3.1-3.5
3.3-3.7
3.7-5.9
4.4-7.4
3.4-4.4
2.1-3.3
2.8-4.6
2.4-3.8
1.9-3.5
2.3-3.7
4.0-6.2
3.4-4.2
3.4-5.2
2.6-4.2
2.5-4.1
3.0-4.6
2.5-3.1
2.6-4.4
3.1-4.7
1.5-2.9
2.1-2.9
North C e n tra l.............................
East North C e n tra l.................
Illinois.................................
Indiana................................
Michigan........ .....................
O hio....................................
W isco nsin...........................
W est North C e n tra l................
Iowa....................................
K a n sa s...............................
M innesota...........................
Missouri...............................
N eb raska............................
North Dakota......................
South D akota.....................
7.9
8.9
7.1
8.6
12.5
9.1
6.9
5.2
2 4.3
2 4.6
5.9
6.2
2 4.2
2 3.6
2 3.7
6.6
7.3
6.5
6.1
9.4
7.8
5.6
5.0
4.0
4.2
5.9
6.2
3.3
3.6
3.4
6.0
6.5
6.2
5.7
8.2
6.5
4.9
4.8
4.0
4.1
5.1
5.9
3.7
4.8
3.3
5.3
5.9
6.1
5.7
6.9
5.4
5.1
4.0
4.0
3.1
3.8
5.0
2.9
4.6
3.1
5.5
6.1
5.5
6.4
7.8
5.9
‘ 4.5
4.0
4.1
3.4
4.2
4.5
3.2
3.7
3.5
5.3-5.7
5.9-6.3
5.1-5.9
5.8-7.0
7.3-8.3
5.5-6.3
3.9-5.1
3.8-4.2
3.5-4.7
2.8-4.0
3.6-4.8
4.0-5.0
2.6-3.8
3.1-4.3
2.9-4.1
6.2
7.2
5.6
6.0
11.2
7.4
4.8
3.8
n.a.
n.a.
4.5
4.7
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
5.0
5.5
5.2
4.5
6.8
5.5
4.5
3.7
3.2
2.7
4.5
4.6
2.6
1.9
2.4
4.2
4.4
4.3
3.8
5.3
4.5
3.3
3.5
3.0
3.0
3.8
4.2
2.8
3.0
2.3
3.6
3.9
4.3
3.3
4.4
3.9
3.2
2.7
3.1
1.8
2.4
3.2
2.6
3.6
2.3
4.0
4.4
3.9
4.4
6.2
4.0
3.1
2.9
2.9
2.7
3.2
3.2
2.0
3.1
2.3
3.8-4.2
4.2-4.6
3.4-4.4
3.7-5.1
5.6-6.8
3.5-4.5
2.4-3.8
2.6-3.2
2.2-3.6
2.0-3.4
2.5-3.9
2.6-3.8
1.3-2.7
2.3-3.9
1.6-3.0
W est...........................................
Mountain................................
Arizona................................
C o lo rad o .............................
Idaho..................................
Montana..............................
Nevada................................
New M exico........................
Utah....................................
W yoming.............................
P a c ific ....................................
A la s k a ................................
California.............................
Hawaii.................................
O regon................................
Washington.........................
9.2
7.5
2 12.1
2 6.9
2 6.2
2 6.4
2 9.7
2 10.0
2 6.5
2 4.2
9.8
2 6.9
9.9
2 8.6
10.6
9.5
8.6
7.2
9.8
5.9
5.7
6.1
9.0
9.1
5.7
4.1
9.1
8.0
9.2
9.8
9.5
8.7
7.8
6.6
8.2
6.2
5.9
6.4
7.0
7.8
5.3
3.6
8.2
9.4
8.2
7.3
7.4
8.8
6.6
5.4
6.1
5.5
5.7
6.0
4.4
5.8
3.8
3.3
7.0
11.2
7.1
7.7
6.0
6.8
6.0
5.0
5.1
4.8
5.7
5.1
5.1
6.6
4.3
2.8
6.4
9.2
6.2
6.3
6.8
6.8
5.8-6.2
4.6-5.4
4.3-5.9
4.2-5.4
4.9-6.5
4.4-5.8
4.3-5.9
5.8-7.4
3.6-5.0
2.3-3.3
6.2-6.6
8.4-10.0
5.9-6.5
5.4-7.2
5.8-7.8
6.0-7.6
7.4
5.2
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
8.1
n.a.
8.2
n.a.
8.7
7.2
6.9
5.4
8.0
3.9
4.5
4.2
6.7
6.8
4.0
4.0
7.4
7.1
7.4
11.1
8.1
6.3
6.1
4.9
6.3
4.5
4.2
4.7
6.3
5.3
3.8
3.7
6.6
8.6
6.6
7.1
6.3
6.3
5.0
3.9
5.1
3.7
4.6
4.0
2.7
4.3
2.7
1.8
5.4
11.6
5.3
6.4
4.9
5.2
4.4
3.4
3.9
2.9
3.9
3.5
4.1
4.5
3.2
2.4
4.7
8.5
4.5
5.0
4.8
5.4
4.2-4.6
3.0-3.8
3.0-4.8
2.2-3.6
3.0-4.8
2.6-4.4
3.2-5.0
3.6-5.4
2.4-4.0
1.8-3.0
4.4-5.0
7.4-9.6
4.2-4.8
3.9-6.1
3.7-5.9
4.5-6.3
See footnotes at end of table
92
Table 45. Unemployment rates for regions and States by sex and age, annual averages, 1975-79
Continued
Teenagers (16-19 years and over)
Adult women (20 years and over)
Region and State
1975
United States..................
Northeast...................................
New England..........................
Connecticut........................
M a in e ............ .....................
M assachusetts...................
New H am pshire..................
Rhode Island......................
Verm ont..............................
Middle A tlan tic.......................
New Jersey.........................
New Y o rk ............................
Pennsylvania......................
South..........................................
South Atlantic.........................
Delaware.............................
District of Colum bia............
F lorida................................
G eo rgia...............................
M aryland.............................
North Carolina....................
South C aro lin a...................
Virginia................................
West Virginia......................
East South Central.................
Alabam a..............................
Kentucky.............................
M ississip p i..........................
T ennessee..........................
West South Central................
Arkansas.............................
Louisiana.............................
O klahom a...........................
T e x a s .................................
North Ce ntra l.............................
East North C e n tra l.................
Illinois.................................
Indiana................................
Michigan..............................
O hio ....................................
W isco n sin ...........................
West North C e n tra l................
Iowa....................................
K a n sa s................................
M innesota...........................
Missouri...............................
N eb raska............................
North Dakota......................
South D akota......... ............
W est...........................................
Mountain.................................
Arizona................................
C o lo rad o .............................
Idaho..................................
Montana..............................
N evada................................
New M exico........................
Utah....................................
W yoming.............................
P a c ific ....................................
A la s k a ................................
California.............................
Hawaii.................................
O regon................................
Washington.........................
8.0
8.7
9.2
8.5
n.a.
9.8
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
8.5
10.5
8.7
7.1
7.7
8.0
n.a.
4.9
9.2
8.1
5.7
9.5
8.6
6.4
n.a.
8.1
7.8
8.2
n.a.
8.2
6.8
n.a.
7.1
8.9
6.2
7.3
8.2
6.7
9.5
10.6
7.9
7.1
5.1
n.a.
n.a.
5.6
6.0
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
8.8
7.6
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
9.2
n.a.
9.1
n.a.
9.9
9.8
1976
7.4
8.9
8.4
8.2
8.3
9.2
5.7
5.6
9.1
9.0
10.5
9.7
7.0
6.7
7.2
7.5
5.8
7.6
8.7
6.4
6.9
8.6
5.6
7.1
6.0
6.5
5.1
7.0
5.6
6.3
7.8
7.3
5.8
6.0
6.4
7.0
5.9
6.2
10.0
6.9
5.1
5.3
3.9
3.9
6.9
6.6
2.8
3.4
4.5
8.2
6.8
9.0
5.4
4.8
5.7
9.1
8.4
4.3
3.3
8.6
5.2
8.7
6.6
8.0
9.5
1977
7.0
8.0
7.1
7.0
8.2
7.1
5.8
8.9
6.0
8.3
10.0
8.3
7.2
6.6
6.8
9.8
6.6
7.8
6.8
5.9
6.1
7.5
5.9
7.0
6.6
7.6
4.2
9.0
6.8
6.1
7.6
7.5
5.2
5.6
5.8
6.3
6.2
5.9
8.6
5.5
4.6
4.7
3.7
4.3
5.0
5.6
3.7
5.4
3.6
7.7
6.4
7.4
5.8
6.0
6.3
6.8
7.2
5.1
3.1
8.1
6.3
8.0
6.1
7.7
9.5
1978
1979
6.0
6.5
5.2
5.3
5.3
5.2
3.8
5.5
5.5
6.9
7.4
6.9
6.6
5.8
5.7
9.2
6.3
6.2
5.7
5.7
4.4
6.1
5.5
6.6
6.8
7.0
5.8
8.5
6.3
5.4
6.8
7.3
3.4
5.2
5.4
6.1
6.4
5.9
7.4
5.2
5.1
4.0
3.9
3.4
4.3
5.0
2.7
5.2
2.6
6.4
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.6
5.6
4.1
5.3
3.3
2.8
6.8
8.6
6.8
7.4
6.2
6.8
5.7
6.1
5.0
5.0
7.1
4.8
3.6
5.6
5.5
6.6
6.6
6.7
6.3
5.6
5.6
9.1
6.7
5.9
5.9
6.2
5.3
6.0
4.5
4.8
6.3
7.8
5.4
6.0
6.1
5.0
6.7
7.2
4.2
4.3
5.2
5.9
5.5
5.9
7.7
5.7
4.1
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.1
4.2
2.8
2.8
3.3
6.0
5.0
4.9
5.0
5.4
5.9
4.7
6.2
4.0
5.1
6.3
5.7
6.1
5.4
7.5
7.0
5.6-5.8
5.8-6.4
4.5-5.5
4.0-6.0
5.6-8.6
4.1-5.5
2.5-4.7
4.2-7.0
4.2-6.8
6.3-6.9
5.8-7.4
6.1-7.3
5.6-7.0
5 .4 S .8
5.3-5.9
7.3-10.9
5.2-8.2
5.1-6.7
4.9-6.9
4.9-7.5
4.3-6.3
4.7-7.3
3.5-5.5
3.4-6.2
5.7-6.9
6.4-9.2
4.2-6.6
4.7-7.3
5.0-7.2
4.6-5.4
5.3-8.1
5.9-8.5
3.0-5.4
3.7-4.9
5.0-5.4
5.6-6.2
4.9-6.1
5.0-6.8
6.9-8.5
5.0-6.4
3.2-5.0
3.2-4.0
2 1 - 4 .7
2 1 -4 1
2.2-4.0
3.4-5.0
1.8-3.8
1.9-3.7
2.3-4.3
5.7-6.3
4.4-5.6
3.7-6.1
4.0-6.0
4.1-6.7
4.6-7.2
3.5-5.9
4.9-7.5
2.9-5.1
3.9-6.3
5.9-6.7
4.7-6.7
5 1 - 6 .5
4.1-6.7
5.8-9.2
5.7-8.3
1975
19.9
21.0
20.4
20.0
n.a.
21.9
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
21.2
21.6
21.4
20.6
20.5
22.2
n.a.
(3)
23.3
22.9
21.8
20.4
22.4
21.6
n.a.
20.9
21.1
17.5
n.a.
21.9
17.6
n.a.
19.4
16.7
17.1
17.7
20.1
16.6
19.4
24.5
22.6
15.7
12.2
n.a.
n.a.
13.2
16.1
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
21.6
19.4
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
22.4
n.a.
22.9
n.a.
22.9
21.9
1976
19.0
21.1
19.7
24.2
18.8
19.4
15.4
15.6
19.0
21.7
22.3
24.3
18.4
19.2
20.0
23.1
(3)
21.6
23.8
19.9
15.9
15.4
17.9
23.3
19.6
19.2
16.5
22.8
20.0
17.7
18.4
19.5
12.5
18.0
15.8
17.8
16.3
14.6
19.7
21.9
12.2
11.0
9.3
11.6
10.4
15.0
9.9
8.8
5.9
20.2
17.2
20.4
17.9
12.2
17.1
13.8
24.0
14.3
10.0
21.3
18.8
21.5
18.9
23.0
19.9
1977
17.7
19.6
17.7
16.9
17.0
18.9
16.7
13.0
18.2
20.2
21.9
21.5
18.0
18.0
19.3
22.2
(3)
21.5
23.6
16.6
15.4
17.2
16.6
18.6
18.8
22.7
17.1
20.0
16.1
15.4
16.1
17.0
13.3
15.7
15.7
17.6
15.4
16.0
20.9
20.0
12.6
11.5
9.5
9.8
11.1
15.9
8.4
10.0
5.6
17.5
16.0
20.0
16.5
13.6
13.5
11.1
20.7
10.9
10.0
18.1
17.6
18.4
20.0
14.9
18.6
1979
1978
16.3
18.1
15.6
16.0
16.3
15.9
12.2
18.2
9.1
19.2
17.6
21.1
18.0
17.3
18.2
20.7
(3)
20.4
18.1
15.7
14.2
20.5
17.6
19.7
17.4
18.4
14.5
22.2
16.0
16.1
15.6
20.5
15.4
15.0
13.9
15.4
15.0
17.3
17.0
14.9
12.8
10.3
9.8
8.7
9.8
14.9
5.7
9.4
5.1
16.8
13.3
13.2
14.8
13.3
16.7
10.7
15.3
10.6
9.5
18.1
18.8
19.0
22.6
12.6
17.1
.
16.1
18.4
14.2
14.9
14.0
14.7
7.5
17.9
8.7
20.3
18.9
21.2
20.0
16.4
16.4
20.7
(3)
18.2
14.6
16.1
13.0
14.5
16.0
23.5
19.4
24.0
18.6
18.4
17.9
14.8
18.6
22.5
8.2
13.6
14.3
15.5
14.4
18.4
15.8
16.6
12.1
11.3
11.5
7.6
12.7
14.6
9.1
8.6
7.9
15.7
13.3
12.1
13.8
14.6
8.8
11.8
19.3
11.0
10.0
16.7
13.3
17.4
25.0
15.8
13.0
Error
range
1979 1
15.7-16.5
16.1-20.7
9.9-18.5
11.9-17.9
10.2-17.8
12.6-16.8
4.4-10.6
13.2-22.6
5.6-11.8
17.6-23.0
16.3-21.5
19.3-23.1
17.9-22.1
14.5-18.3
13.7-19.1
16.2-25.2
(3)
15.8-20.6
11.6-17.6
12.4-19.8
9.8-16.2
10.6-18.4
12.1-19.9
18.8-28.2
15.0-23.8
19.5-28.5
14.5-22.7
14.3-22.5
14.2-21.6
11.4-18.2
14.3-22.9
18.6-26.4
4.8-11.6
11.7-15.5
12.4-16.2
13.2-17.8
12.5-16.3
15.7-21.1
13.8-17.8
14.7-18.5
9.5-14.7
7.7-14.9
8.5-14.5
4.8-10.4
9.7-15.7
11.6-17.6
6.0-12.2
5.8-11.4
5.2-10.6
13.3-18.1
8.7-17.9
8.7-15.5
10.8-16.8
11.0-18.2
5.7-11.9
8.3-15.3
15.6-23.0
8.1-13.9
6.9-13.1
13.9-19.5
10.1-16.5
16.0-18.8
19.7-30.3
11.5-20.1
9.8-16.2
3
Unemployment rates are not shown when they do not meet B LS stand
ards of reliability for the State, based on the sample in that State.
n.a.=not available from the CPS.
1 Error ranges are shown for 1979 unemployment rates at the 90-percent
confidence interval, which means that, if repeated samples were drawn
from the same population and an error range constructed around each
sample estimate, in 9 out of 10 cases the true value based on a complete
census of the population would be contained within these error ranges.
2 These date were not available from the C P S until 1976. They were pre
pared under the Federal-State Cooperative Program for use in Federal fund
allocation programs.
Error
range
1979 1
2
Note : 1979 error ranges are preliminary. Final estimates will be published
later this year in Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment,
1979. Sampling errors for Census regions and divisions were not available
at the time of publication. Error ranges for regions and divisions are based
on the latest available national sampling errors.
93
Table 46. Unemployment rates for regions and States by race, annual averages, 1975-79
Black and other
White
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Error
range
1979 1
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Error
range
1979 1
United States......................................................
7.8
7.0
6.2
5.2
5.1
5.0-5.2
13.9
13.1
13.1
11.9
11.3
11.0-11.6
N ortheast.................................................................................
New E ng lan d ....................................................................
Connecticut...............................................................
M a in e ........................................................................
M assachusetts..........................................................
New H am pshire.........................................................
Rhode Island.............................................................
Verm ont.....................................................................
Middle Atlantic..................................................................
New J e rs e y ...............................................................
New York...................................................................
Pennsylvania.............................................................
9.1
10.1
8.9
n.a.
11.1
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
8.8
9.5
9.1
7.8
9.0
9.0
9.1
8.8
9.6
6.4
8.3
8.7
9.0
9.8
9.9
7.2
7.9
7.6
6.8
8.4
8.0
5.8
8.6
7.0
8.0
8.5
8.7
6.8
6.4
5.5
4.8
6.1
5.9
3.9
6.2
5.8
6.7
6.5
7.2
6.1
6.0
5.2
4.5
7.1
5.5
3.1
6.5
5.1
6.2
6.2
6.4
6.1
5.8-6.2
4.9-5.5
3.9-5.1
6.2-8.0
5.0-6.0
2.5-3.7
5.5-7.5
4.3-5.9
6.0-6.4
5.7-6.7
6.0-6.8
5.7-6.5
13.6
12.2
12.7
n.a.
11.9
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
13.8
15.7
12.3
15.8
14.3
10.9
13.7
(2)
7.6
(2)
(2)
(2)
14.6
16.2
12.9
17.0
14.4
11.6
10.8
(2)
13.1
(2)
(2)
(2)
14.7
16.3
12.2
19.4
12.5
10.9
11.2
(2)
9.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
12.7
12.4
11.0
17.5
12.4
10.3
14.3
(2)
7.0
(2)
(2)
(2)
12.7
12.2
11.6
16.2
11.6-13.2
8.1-12.5
10.6-18.0
(2)
4.7-9.3
(2)
(2)
(2)
11.8-13.6
10.3-14.1
10.4-12.8
14.1-18.3
Sou th.......................................................................................
South A tlantic...................................................................
Delaware....................................................................
District of Colum bia...................................................
Florida........................................................................
G eo rgia......................................................................
Maryland....................................................................
North Carolina............................................................
South C aro lin a...........................................................
Virginia.......................................................................
West Virginia........................ .....................................
East South Central...........................................................
Alabam a.....................................................................
Kentucky....................................................................
M ississippi.................................................................
Tennessee.................................................................
West South Central..........................................................
Arkansas....................................................................
Louisiana...................................................................
O klahom a.................................................. ...............
T e x a s ........................................................................
6.5
7.2
n.a.
5.2
9.3
6.5
5.7
7.2
7.3
5.4
n.a.
6.9
7.1
6.8
n.a.
7.6
5.4
n.a.
5.1
6.2
4.8
5.6
6.1
8.0
5.5
7.7
6.3
5.8
5.1
5.6
5.0
7.4
5.0
5.5
5.2
4.0
4.7
5.1
6.0
4.8
5.0
5.1
5.1
5.5
6.8
2.5
7.2
5.4
4.9
4.7
5.9
4.2
6.9
4.8
5.4
4.3
4.1
5.2
4.8
5.1
5.2
4.1
4.7
4.5
4.6
6.7
3.8
5.5
4.5
3.8
3.1
4.8
4.3
6.3
4.6
4.7
4.9
3.5
4.8
4.2
5.1
4.9
3.0
4.2
4.2
4.3
7.1
3.8
4.9
3.7
4.2
3.7
4.4
3.4
6.4
4.9
5.4
5.3
3.7
4.6
3.8
4.4
4.5
3.0
3.7
4.1-4.3
4.1-4.5
6.0-8.2
2.4-5.2
4.4-5.4
3.1-4.3
3.5-4.9
3.1-4.3
3.6-5.2
2.8-4.0
5.5-7.3
4.6-5.2
4.6-6.2
4.5-6.1
2.9-4.5
3.9-5.3
3.6-4.0
3.6-5.2
3.8-5.2
2.3-3.7
3.4-4.0
13.4
13.7
n.a.
8.5
17.0
16.1
12.1
13.C
13.2
10.9
n.a.
13.4
10.0
12.7
n.a.
12.8
12.7
n.a.
14.1
20.3
10.9
12.1
12.1
12.8
10.3
14.9
14.0
11.2
10.5
11.3
10.3
(2)
11.8
11.0
9.9
11.8
13.6
12.1
14.0
13.1
15.2
10.8
12.0
11.8
16.5
12.2
13.0
12.2
11.1
10.7
11.3
11.2
(2)
13.4
14.5
10.0
13.8
12.7
11.5
14.3
12.6
14.2
9.8
11.0
10.4
14.4
10.3
11.4
10.2
12.3
9.0
8.5
10.3
(2)
12.5
12.4
10.7
14.0
11.5
11.2
12.3
13.4
12.8
9.5
10.7
10.3
14.9
9.3
10.9
11.1
12.2
8.9
6.9
11.1
(2)
11.9
13.0
9.6
10.5
12.8
10.8
17.3
12.8
8.6
8.5
10.2-11.2
9.6-11.0
11.0-18.8
7.8-10.8
9.4-12.4
9.2-13.0
9.9-14.5
7.2-10.6
5.2-8.6
8.7-13.5
(2)
10.7-13.1
10.8-15.2
5.9-13.3
8.7-12.3
10.3-15.3
9.8-11.8
13.9-20.7
10.9-14.7
4.6-12.6
7.1-9.9
North Central...........................................................................
East North C entral...........................................................
Illinois........................................................................
Indiana.......................................................................
M ichigan....................................................................
Ohio...........................................................................
W isconsin..................................................................
West North Central..........................................................
Iowa...........................................................................
K a n sas......................................................................
Minnesota..................................................................
Missouri......................................................................
N ebraska...................................................................
North Dakota.............................................................
South Dakota............................................................
7.2
8.2
6.3
8.0
11.5
8.4
6.5
4.8
n.a.
n.a.
5.9
5.4
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
6.0
6.6
5.3
5.5
8.8
7.2
5.2
4.6
3.8
3.8
5.8
5.2
3.1
3.3
3.0
5.2
5.6
5.0
4.9
7.3
5.8
4.4
4.3
3.7
3.6
5.0
5.1
3.3
4.4
2.8
4.5
5.0
4.8
4.9
5.9
4.5
4.8
3.5
3.8
2.6
3.7
4.0
2.6
4.2
2.6
4.7
5.3
4.6
5.7
6.5
5.1
4.4
3.6
4.0
3.2
4.1
3.5
3.0
3.2
3.1
4.6-4.8
5.1-5.5
4.2-5.0
5.1-6.3
6.0-7.0
4.7-5.5
3.8-5.0
3.3-3.8
3.4-4.6
2.6-3.8
3.5-4.7
3.0-4.0
2.4-3.6
2.6-3.8
2.5-3.7
16.3
16.7
13.4
17.0
21.0
16.2
21.6
14.2
n.a.
n.a.
(2)
14.5
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
14.7
14.8
15.4
13.7
14.2
14.0
19.6
14.4
(2)
12.5
(2)
16.1
(2)
(2)
(2)
14.9
15.3
14.8
16.9
15.9
13.6
22.2
13.4
(2)
12.3
(2)
13.5
(2)
(2)
(2)
14.4
14.8
14.8
14.8
14.4
14.8
16.4
12.8
(2)
10.4
(2)
13.2
(2)
(2)
(2)
13.2
13.5
11.4
15.2
16.3
13.6
9.4
11.7
(2))
7.0
(2)
13.4
(2)
(2)
(2)
12.4-14.0
12.6-14.4
9.9-12.9
12.2-18.2
14.4-18.2
11.7-15.5
4.9-13.9
9.8-13.6
(2)
3.3-10.7
(2)
10.7-16.1
(2)
(2)
(2)
W e s t........................................................................................
Mountain...........................................................................
Arizona.......................................................................
C olorado....................................................................
Idaho.........................................................................
Montana.....................................................................
Nevada ......................................................................
New M e xic o ..............................................................
Utah...........................................................................
Wyoming....................................................................
P a cific...............................................................................
A la s k a ........................................................................
California....................................................................
H aw aii....................... ................................................
O regon.......................................................................
W ashington...............................................................
8.8
7.3
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
9.3
n.a.
9.3
n.a.
10.1
9.2
8.1
6.9
9.8
5.8
5.6
6.0
8.7
8.0
5.4
4.0
8.6
7.1
8.5
13.4
9.2
8.2
7.3
6.4
8.2
6.0
5.9
6.3
6.6
7.5
4.9
3.5
7.6
8.0
7.6
9.3
7.0
8.3
6.1
5.1
5.7
5.3
5.7
5.8
4.3
5.5
3.6
3.2
6.5
9.6
6.5
9.1
5.8
6.5
5.7
4.8
4.9
4.5
5.6
4.7
5.0
6.0
4.2
2.8
6.0
8.3
5.8
8.7
6.7
6.6
5.5-5.9
4.4-5.2
4.1-5.7
3.9-5.1
4.8-6.4
4.0-5.4
4.2-5.8
5.2-6.8
3.5-4.9
2.3-3.3
5.8-6.2
7.5-9.1
5.5-6.1
6.8-10.6
5.7-7.7
5.8-7.4
12.8
13.9
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
12.7
n.a.
13.6
n.a.
(2)
14.8
13.2
13.1
10.1
8.9
(2)
(2)
14.4
21.4
(2)
(2)
13.2
12.7
14.0
8.5
(2)
17.5
12.2
11.4
8.1
12.6
(2)
(2)
14.0
11.8
(2)
(2)
12.3
15.3
13.2
6.7
(2)
18.6
11.1
10.9
13.2
11.5
(2)
12.9
6.8
8.4
(2)
(2)
11.1
17.8
11.6
7.2
(2)
13.5
9.0
9.8
8.2
10.5
(2)
14.7
6.4
13.4
(2)
(2)
8.9
13.7
9.4
5.3
(2)
10.0
8.2-9.8
7.4-12.2
4.0-12.4
6.4-14.6
(2)
8.7-20.7
3.2-9.6
9.5-17.3
(2)
(2)
8.1-9.7
11.3-16.1
8.4-10.4
4.3-6.3
(2)
6.1-13.9
Region and State
1 Error ranges are shown for 1979 unemployment rates at the 90-percent
confidence interval, which means that, if repeated samples were drawn
from the same population and an error range constructed around each
sample estimate, in 9 out of 10 cases the true value based on a complete
census of the population would be contained within these error ranges.
2 Unemployment rates are not shown when they do not meet B LS stand
ards of reliability for the State, based on the sample in that State,
n.a.= not available from the CPS.
94
Table 47. Unemployment rates for Hispanic workers, selected States, annual averages,
1976-79
Error
range 1
1979
Unemployment rate
State
1977
1976
1978
1979
United S t a t e s ................................................
11.6
10.1
9.1
8.3
7.9-8.7
California......................................................................
13.2
10.7
9.7
8.5
7.7-9.3
F lo rid a ........................................................................
9.8
9.4
6.3
5.7
4.2-7.2
Illinois..........................................................................
7.7
6.9
8.4
8.2
5.8-10.6
New Y o r k ....................................................................
13.2
11.5
11.0
10.5
8.8-12.2
T e x a s ..........................................................................
7.9
8.7
8.1
7.0
5.9-8.1
Arizona-Colorado-New M e xic o 2.................................
11.9
11.0
8.6
7.5
n.a.
1 State error ranges for the Hispanic-origin population were not
available at the time of publication. The State error ranges provided
are computed from the sampling error tables for black and other
workers and serve as an approximation of the sampling errors for
Hispanic workers. Error ranges are shown at the 90-percent confi
dence interval, which means that, if repeated samples were drawn
from the same population and an error range constructed around
each sample estimate, in 9 out of 10 cases, the true value based on a
95
complete census of the population would be contained within these
error ranges.
2 Data for these 3 States were combined to obtain more reliable
estimates.
n.a. = not available.
Note : State unemployment rates for Hispanic workers were not
available prior to 1976.
Tabie 48. Persons with work experience during the year by sex and extent of employment, 1950-78
Number who worked during year (thousands)1
Sex and
year
Full tim e2
Part tim e3
Total
50 to 27 to
1 to 26
52
49
weeks
weeks weeks
Total
58,181
59,544
60,294
60,532
60,059
38,375
40,142
40,486
41,601
40,080
Total
Percent distribution
Full tim e2
50 to 27 to
1 to 26
52
49
weeks
weeks weeks
Total
Total
Part tim e3
50 to 27 to
1 to 26
52
49
weeks Total
weeks weeks
50 to 27 to
1 to 26
49
52
weeks
weeks weeks
BOTH
SEXES
11,795
12,018
12,374
12,003
12,025
8,013
7,384
7,434
6,928
7,954
10,695
10,418
10,218
10,150
11,738
3,322
3,144
3,092
3,270
3,701
2,214
2,240
2,294
2,333
2,663
5,162
5,034
4,832
4,547
5,374
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
84.5
85.1
85.5
85.6
83.7
55.7
57.4
57.4
58.9
55.8
17.1
17.2
17.5
17.0
16.7
11.6
10.6
10.5
9.8
11.1
15.5
14.9
14.5
14.4
16.3
4.8
4.5
4.4
4.6
5.2
3.2
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.7
7.5
7.2
6.9
6.4
7.5
1955.........
75,353 62,581 42,624 11,952
1956.......... *75,852 62,437 42,778 11,791
1957.......... 77,664 62,874 42,818 11,981
1958.......... 77,117 61,676 41,329 11,546
1959.......... 78,162 63,004 42,030 12,515
8,005
7,868
8,075
8,799
8,459
12,772
13,415
14,790
15,441
15,158
4,773
4,760
4,989
5,402
5,173
2,573
2,693
2,872
3,025
3,104
5,426
5,962
6,929
7,014
6,881
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
83.1
82.3
81.0
80.0
80.6
56.6
56.4
55.1
53.6
53.8
15.9
15.5
15.4
15.0
16.0
10.6
10.4
10.4
11.4
10.8
16.9
17.7
19.0
20.0
19.4
6.3
6.3
6.4
7.0
6.6
3.4
3.6
3.7
3.9
4.0
7.2
7.9
8.9
9.1
8.8
5,307
5,191
5,130
5,268
3,290
3,068
3,368
3,353
3,374
7,868
7,810
8,232
8,478
8,657
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
79.6
80.0
79.6
79.5
79.6
53.7
53.6
53.7
54.6
55.0
15.0
15.0
14.7
13.9
13.7
10.9
11.4
11.1
11.0
10.9
20.4
20.0
20.4
20.5
20.3
6.6
6.5
6.3
6.3
6.2
4.1
3.8
4.1
4.0
4.0
9.8
9.7
10.0
10.2
10.2
1950.........
1951.........
1952.........
1953.........
1954.........
68,876
69,962
70,512
70,682
71,797
1960..........
1961..........
1962..........
1963..........
1964..........
80,618
80,287
82,057
83*227
85,124
64,153
64,218
65,327
66*167
67,825
43,265
43,006
44,079
45*449
46,846
12,132
12,042
12,102
11*565
11,691
8,756
9,170
9,146
9*153
9,288
16,465
16,069
16,730
17*060
17,299
1965..........
19664........
1967..........
1968..........
1969..........
86,186
86,266
88,179
90,230
92,477
68,697
70,140
71,909
73,266
74,153
48,392
50,049
51,705
52,285
52,796
11,171
10,647
10,702
11,111
11,381
9,134
9,444
9,502
9,866
9,976
17,489
16,126
16,270
16,964
18,324
5,418
5,407
5,641
5,769
6,282
3,268
3,380
3,430
3,720
4,112
8,803
7,339
7,199
7,475
7,930
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
79.7
81.3
81.5
81.2
80.2
56.1
58.0
58.6
57.9
57.1
13.0
12.3
12.1
12.3
12.3
10.6
10.9
10.8
10.9
10.8
20.3
18.7
18.5
18.8
19.8
6.3
6.3
6.4
6.4
6.8
3.8
3.9
3.9
4.1
4.4
10.2
8.5
8.2
8.3
8.6
1970.......... 93,623 73,343
1971.......... 95,027 75,413
1972.......... 96,972 77,626
1973.......... 100,203 79,490
1974.......... 101,472 79,825
52,033
53,317
55,379
57,209
55,207
12,123
11,634
11,591
11,763
13,451
10,187
10,462
10,656
10,518
11,169
19,280
19,614
19,346
20,713
21,646
6,309
6,799
6,519
6,972
7,062
4,353
4,429
4,293
4,783
5,494
8,618
8,386
8,534
8,958
9,089
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
79.4
79.4
80.0
79.3
78.7
55.6
56.1
57.1
57.1
54.4
12.9
12.2
12.0
11.8
13.3
10.9
11.0
11.0
10.5
11.0
20.6
20.6
20.0
20.7
21.3
6.7
7.2
6.7
7.0
7.0
4.6
4.7
4.5
4.7
5.4
9.2
8.8
8.8
8.9
8.9
1975..........
1976..........
1977..........
1978..........
5 ,2 2 9
101,240
104,219
107,096
110,290
79,844
81,782
84,189
87,250
55,032
56,578
58,847
62,187
13,021
13,400
13,881
13,736
11,790
11,803
11,461
11,326
21,396
22,437
22,906
23,041
7,601
7,512
7,659
7,762
5,310
5,584
5,738
5,990
8,484
9,339
9,510
9,288
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
78.9
78.5
78.6
79.1
54.4
54.3
54.9
56.4
12.9
1-2.9
13.0
12.5
11.6
11.4
10.7
10.3
21.1
21.5
21.4
20.9
7.5
7.2
7.2
7.0
5.2
5.4
5.4
5.4
8.4
8.9
8.9
8.4
1950..........
1951..........
1952..........
1953..........
1954..........
45,526
45,364
45,704
46,146
46,318
41,042
41,338
41,816
42,059
41,404
29,783
30,894
30,878
31,902
30,389
7,624
7,518
7,922
7,317
7,567
3,636
2,926
3,016
2,840
3,448
4,484
4,026
3,888
4,087
4,914
1,406
1,310
1,178
1,341
1,552
1,004
918
896
1,055
1,227
2,074
1,798
1,814
1,691
2,135
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
90.2
91.1
91.5
91.1
89.4
65.4
68.1
67.6
69.1
65.6
16.7
16.6
17.3
15.9
16.3
8.0
6.4
6.6
6.2
7.4
9.8
8.9
8.5
8.9
10.6
3.1
2.9
2.6
2.9
3.4
2.2
2.0
2.0
2.3
2.6
.4.6
4.0
4.0
3.7
4.6
1955..........
1956..........
1957..........
1958..........
1959..........
47,624
47,904
48,709
48,380
48,973
42,814
42,704
42,886
42,052
42,997
32,127
32,342
32,089
30,727
31,502
7,356
7,218
7,350
7,233
7,830
3,331
3,144
3,447
4,091
3,665
4,810
5,200
5,823
6,328
5,976
1,930
1,920
2,135
2,348
2,211
1,066
1,074
1,115
1,259
1,224
1,814
2,206
2,573
2,721
2,541
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
89.9
89.1
88.0
86.9
87.8
67.5
67.5
65.9
63.5
64.3
15.5
15.1
15.1
15.0
16.0
7.0
6.6
7.1
8.5
7.5
10.1
10.9
12.0
13.1
12.2
4.1
4.0
4.4
4.9
4.5
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.6
2.5
3.8
4.6
5.3
5.6
5.2
I960..........
1961..........
1962..........
1963..........
1964..........
50,033
49,854
50,639
51,039
51,978
43,476
43,467
43,987
44,294
45,313
31,966
31,769
32,513
33,587
34,428
7,653
7,434
7,185
6,686
6,723
3,857
4,264
4,289
4,021
4,162
6,557
6,387
6,652
6,745
6,665
2,247
2,240
2,114
2,098
2,164
1,267
1,163
1,305
1,274
1,220
3,043
2,984
3,233
3,373
3,281
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
86.9
87.2
86.9
86.8
87.1
63.9
63.7
64.2
65.8
66.2
15.3
14.9
14.2
13.1
12.9
' 7.7
8.6
8.5
7.9
8.0
13.1
12.8
13.1
13.2
12.8
4.5
4.5
4.2
4.1
4.2
2.5
2.3
2.6
2.5
2.3
6.1
6.0
6.4
6.6
6.3
1965..........
19664........
1967..........
1968..........
1969..........
52,419
51,708
52,392
53,312
54,390
45,552
45,909
46,658
47,313
47,750
35,300
36,191
36,621
37,014
37,160
6,306
5,802
6,051
6,111
6,383
3,946
3,916
3,986
4,188
4,207
6,867
5,799
5,734
5,999
6,640
2,326
2,091
2,096
2,237
2,366
1,197
1,162
1,202
1,227
1,449
3,344
2,546
2,436
2,535
2,825
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
86.9
88.8
89.1
88.7
87.8
67.3
70.0
69.9
69.4
68.3
12.0
11.2
11.5
11.5
11.7
7.5
7.6
7.6
7.9
7.7
13.1
11.2
10.9
11.3
12.2
4.4
4.0
4.0
4.2
4.4
2.3
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.7
6.4
4.9
4.6
4.8
5.2
1970..........
1971..........
1972..........
1973..........
1974..........
54,919
56,013
57,054
58,370
58,779
48,082
48,853
50,022
51,017
51,319
36,295
37,006
38,398
39,692
37,980
7,157
6,905
6,752
6,662
7,963
4,630
4,942
4,872
4,663
5,377
6,837
7,160
7,032
7,353
7,460
2,436
2,525
2,388
2,512
2,520
1,449
1,565
1,513
1,614
1,846
2,952
3,070
3,131
3,227
3,093
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
87.6
87.2
87.7
87.4
87.3
66.1
66.1
67.3
68.0
64.6
13.1
12.3
11.8
11.4
13.5
8.4
8.8
8.6
7.9
9.1
12.4
12.8
12.3
12.6
12.7
4.4
4.5
4.2
4.3
4.3
2.6
2.8
2.7
2.8
3.1
5.3
5.5
5.5
5.5
5.3
1975..........
1976..........
1977..........
1978..........
58,359
59,507
60,717
61,917
51,098
52,082
53,112
54,441
37,297
38,207
39,307
41,062
7,797
7,884
8,901
7,838
6,004
5,991
5,714
5,540
7,261
7,425
7,605
7,476
2,549
2,507
2,486
2,500
1,735
1,753
1,860
1,857
2,977
3,166
3,259
3,119
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
87.6
87.5
87.5
87.9
63.9
64.2
64.7
66.3
13.3
13.3
13.3
12.7
10.3
10.1
9.4
9.0
12.4
12.5
12.5
12.1
4.4
4.2
4.1
4.0
3.0
*2.9
3.0
3.0
5.1
5.3
5.3
5.1
Males
See footnotes at end of table.
96
Table 48. Persons with work experience during the year by sex and extent of employment,
1950-78—Continued
Percent distribution
Number who worked during year (thousands)1
Sex and
year
Total
Total
50 to 27 to
1 to 26
52
49
weeks
weeks weeks
Total
Part tim e3
Full tim e2
Part tim e3
Full tim e2
50 to 27 to
1 to 26
49
52
weeks
weeks weeks
Total
Total
50 to 27 to 1 to 26
49
52
weeks
weeks weeks
Total
50 to 27 to 1 to 26
49
52
weeks
weeks weeks
Females
1950.........
1951.........
1952.........
1953.........
1954.........
23,350
24,598
24,808
24^536
25*479
17,139
18,206
18,478
18,473
18,655
8,592
9,248
9,608
9,699
9,691
4,171
4,500
4,452
4,686
4,458
4,377
4,458
4,418
4,088
4,506
6,211
6,392
6,330
6,063
6,824
1,916
1,834
1,914
1,929
2,149
1,210
1,322
1,398
1,278
1,436
3,088
3,236
3,018
2,856
3,239
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
73.4
74.0
74.5
75.3
73.2
36.8
37.6
38.7
39.5
38.0
17.9
18.3
17.9
19.1
17.5
18.7
18.1
17.8
16.7
17.7
26.6
26.0
25.5
24.7
26.8
8.2
7.5
7.7
7.9
8.4
5.1
5.4
5.6
5.2
5.6
13.2
13.2
12.2
11.6
12.7
1955.........
1956.........
1957.........
1958..........
1959..........
27,729
27,948
28,955
2 8 J3 6
29,189
19,767
19,733
19,988
19*623
20,007
10,497
10,436
10,729
10,602
10,528
4,596
4,573
4,631
4,313
4,685
4,674
4,724
4,628
4,708
4,794
7,962
8,215
8,967
9,113
9,182
2,843
2,840
2,854
3,054
2,962
1,507
1,619
1,757
1,766
1,880
3,612
3,756
4,356
4,293
4,340
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
71.3
70.6
69.0
68.3
68.5
37.9
37.3
37.0
36.9
36.1
16.5
16.4
16.0
15.0
16.1
16.9
16.9
16.0
16.4
16.4
28.7
29.4
31.0
31.7
31.5
10.3
10.2
9.9
10.6
10.1
5.4
5.8
6.1
6.1
6.4
13.0
13.4
15.0
14.9
14.9
1960..........
1961..........
1962..........
1963..........
1964..........
30,585
30,433
31,418
32,188
33,146
20,677
20,751
21,340
21,873
22,512
11,299
11,237
11,566
11,862
12,418
4,479
4,608
4,917
4,879
4,968
4,899 9,908
4,906 9,682
4,857 10,078
5,132 10,315
5,126 10,634
3,060
2,951
3,016
3,131
3,104
2,023
1,905
2,063
2,079
2,154
4,825
4,826
4,999
5,105
5,376
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
67.6
68.2
67.9
68.0
68.0
36.9
36.9
36.8
36.9
37.5
14.6
15.1
15.6
15.2
15.0
16.0
16.1
15.5
15.9
15.5
32.4
31.8
32.1
32.0
32.1
10.0
9.7
9.6
9.7
9.4
6.6
6.3
6.6
6.5
6.5
15.8
15.9
15.9
15.9
16.2
1965..........
19664........
1967..........
1968.........
1969..........
33,767
34,558
35,787
36,918
38,087
23,145
24,231
25,251
25,953
26,403
13,092
13,858
15,084
15,271
15,636
4,865
4,845
4,651
5,004
4,998
5,188
5,528
5,516
5,678
5,769
10,622
10,327
10,536
10,965
11,684
3,092
3,316
3,545
3,532
3,916
2,071
2,218
2,228
2,493
2,663
5,459
4,793
4,763
4,940
5,105
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
68.5
70.1
70.6
70.3
69.3
38.8
40.1
42.1
41.4
41.1
14.4
14.0
13.0
13.6
13.1
15.4
16.0
15.4
15.4
15.1
31.5
29.9
29.4
29.7
30.7
9.2
9.6
9.9
9.6
10.3
6.1
6.4
6.2
6.8
7.0
16.2
13.9
13.3
13.4
13.4
1970......... i
1971......... <
1972......... j
1973......... j
1974......... J
38,704
39,014
39,918
41,833
42,693
26,261
26,560
27,604
28,473
28,506
15,738
16,311
16,981
17,517
17,227
4,966
4,729
4,839
5,101
5,488
5,557
5,520
5,784
5,855
5,792
12,443
12,454
12,314
13,360
14,187
3,873
4,274
4,131
4,460
4,542
2,904
2,864
2,780
3,169
3,648
5,666
5,316
5,403
5,731
5,997
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
67.8
68.1
69.3
68.1
66.8
40.7
41.8
42.5
41.9
40.4
12.8
12.1
12.1
12.2
12.8
14.3
14.1
14.5
14.0
13.5
32.1
31.9
30.8
31.9
33.2
10.0
11.0
10.3
10.7
10.6
7.5
7.3
7.0
7.6
8.6
14.6
13.6
13.5
13.7
14.0
1975......... ,
1976......... 1
1977......... .
1978..........
42,881
44,712
46,379
48,373
28,746
29,701
31,077
32,809
17,735
18,371
19,540
21,125
5,224
5,518
5,790
5,898
5,786
5,813
5,747
5,785
14,135
15,011
15,302
15,565
5,053
5,006
5,173
5,262
3,575
3,832
3,878
4,134
5,507
6,174
6,251
6,169
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
67.0
66.4
67.0
67.8
41.4
41.1
42.1
43.7
12.2
12.4
12.4
12.2
13.5
13.0
12.4
12.0
33.0
33.6
33.0
32.2
11.8
11.2
11.2
10.9
8.3
8.6
8.4
8.5
12.8
13.8
13.5
12.7
1Time worked includes paid vacation and paid sick leave.
2 Usually worked 35 hours or more a week.
3 Usually worked 1 to 34 hours a week.
4 See footnote 2, table 5.
97
Table 49. Extent of unemployment during the year by sex, 1957-78
[Numbers in thousands]
Sex and extent of unemployment
1957
1958
19591
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
19662
1967
78,585
14.7
11,568
78,787
17.9
14,120
79,494
15.3
12,195
82,204
17.2
14,151
81,963 ,
18.4
15,096
83,944
18.2
15,256
85,038
16.7
14,211
86,837
16.2
14,052
87,591
14.1
12,334
87,540
13.0
11,387
89,432
12.9
11,564
921
10,647
1,670
12,449
1,332
10,863
1,586
12,565
1,676
13,420
1,887
13,369
1,811
12,400
1,713
12,339
1,405
10,929
1,274
10,113
1,253
10,311
1,119
1,180
840
1,062
1,036
1,129
1,239
1,121
1,207 >
1,269
1,381
9,528
2,443
2,339
1,394
1,898
1,454
11,269
2,387
2,367
1,479
2,556
2,482
10,023
2,569
2,348
1,403
2,070
1,633
11,503
2,834
2,704
1,517
2,466
1,982
12,384
3,098
2,559
1,669
2,849
2,209
12,240
2,993
2,759
1,700
2,768
2,020
11,161
2,708
2,407
1,595
2,622
1,840
11,218
3,060
2,550
1,514
2,444
1,650
9,722
3,151
2,208
1,286
1,995
1,082
8,844
3,348
2,038
1,047
1,567
844
8,930
3,357
2,073
1,177
1,520
803
4,377
5,117
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
4,228
1,813
2,415
4,602
2,034
2,568
4,963
2,299
2,664
5,219
2,524
2,695
4,635
2,246
2,389
4,755
2,342
2,413
3,942
1,765
2,177
3,411
1,465
1,946
3,357
1,503
1,854
49,444
15.7
7,758
49,158
19.6
9,645
49,523
16.5
8,162
50,686
18.4
9,318
50,610
19.4
9,846
51,412
18.8
9,686
51,817
17.2
8,923
52,645
16.3
8,563
52,958
14.0
7,428
52,103
12.5
6,503
52,788
12.6
6,655
735
7,023
778
8,867
550
7,613
653
8,665
756
9,090
773
8,913
778
8,145
667
7,896
539
6,889
395
6,108
396
6,259
447
863
657
779
791
817
934
815
886
923
1,002
6,576
1,475
1,646
1,030
1,385
1,039
8,004
1,435
1,692
1,094
1,950
1,835
6,956
1,472
1,688
1,031
1,564
1,201
7,886
1,651
1,907
1,123
1,821
1,384
8,299
1,709
1,878
1,217
2,027
1,468
8,096
1,668
1,891
1,194
1,960
1,383
7,211
1,521
1,609
1,122
1,802
1,157
7,081
1,675
1,706
1,038
1,605
1,057
6,003
1,694
1,391
872
1,347
699
5,185
1,727
1,286
707
972
493
5,257
1,743
1,310
759
979
466
3,171
3,850
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
3,173
1,293
1,880
3,430
1,453
1,977
3,618
1,603
2,015
3,805
1,788
2,017
3,269
1,526
1,743
3,314
1,576
1,738
2,769
1,147
1,622
2,295
900
1,395
2,228
908
1,320
29,141
13.1
3,810
29,628
15.1
4,474
29,971
13.5
4,032
31,518
15.3
4,833
31,353
16.7
5,250
32,532
17.1
5,570
33,221
15.9
5,288
34,192
16.1
5,489
34,633
14.2
4,906
35,437
13.8
4,884
36,644
13.4
4,909
186
3,624
892
3,582
782
3,250
993
3,900
920
4,330
1,114
4,456
1,033
4,255
1,046
4,443
866
4,040
879
4,005
857
4,052
672
317
184
283
245
312
305
306
321
346
379
2,952
968
693
363
513
415
3,265
952
675
385
606
647
3,067
1,097
660
372
506
432
3,617
1,183
797
394
645
598
4,085
1,389
681
452
822
741
4,144
1,325
868
506
808
637
3,950
1,187
798
473
809
683
4,137
1,385
844
476
839
593
3,719
1,457
817
414
640
383
3,659
1,621
752
340
595
351
3,673
1,614
763
418
541
337
1,206
(5)
(5
)
1,267
(5)
(5)
1,055
520
535
1,172
581
591
1,345
696
649
1,414
736
678
1,366
720
646
1,441
766
675
1,173
618
555
1,116
565
551
1,129
595
534
BOTH S E X E S
Total working or looking for w ork....
Percent with unemployment.....
Number with unemployment.....
Did not work but looked for
w o rk ......................................
Worked during y e a r.................
Year-round w orkers3 with 1 or 2
weeks of unemployment..............
Part-year workers4 with unemployment.............................................
1 to 4 w eeks.............................
5 to 10 w eeks...........................
11 to 14 w e e k s ........................
15 to 26 w e e k s ........................
27 weeks or m ore....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment..............................
2 s p e lls.....................................
3 or more sp e lls.......................
Males
Total working or looking for w ork....
Percent with unemployment.....
Number with unemployment.....
Did not work but looked for
w o rk ......................................
Worked during y e a r..................
Year-round workers3 with 1 or 2
weeks of unemployment..............
Part-year workers4 with unemploy
ment.............................................
1 to 4 w eeks.............................
5 to 10 w eeks...........................
11 to 14 w e e k s ........................
15 to 26 w e e k s ........................
27 weeks or more....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment..............................
2 sp e lls.....................................
3 or more s p e lls.......................
Females
Total working or looking for w ork....
Percent with unemployment.....
Number with unemployment.....
Did not work but looked for
w o rk ......................................
Worked during y e a r..................
Year-round workers3 with 1 or 2
weeks of unemployment..............
Part-year workers4 with unemploy
ment.............................................
1 to 4 w eeks.............................
5 to 10 w eeks...........................
11 to 14 w e e k s ........................
15 to 26 w e e k s ........................
27 weeks or m ore....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment..............................
2 sp e lls.....................................
3 or more sp e lls.......................
See footnotes at end of table.
Table 49. Extent of unemployment during the year by sex, 1957-78—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Sex and extent of unemployment
1977
1978
1973
1974
1975
1976
99,029
15.4
15,287
101,813
14.2
14,498
103,601
17.9
18,536
104,442
20.2
21,104
107,148
19.1
20,447
109,663
17.8
19,512
112,362
15.8
17,738
2,158
13,693
2,057
13,230
1,610
12,888
2,129
16,408
3,202
17,903
2,929
17,518
2,568
16,944
2,072
15,666
1,179
1,106
1,154
1,202
889
849
739
649
673
9,185
3,614
2,177
1,057
1,542
795
11,667
3,301
2,729
1,669
2,468
1,500
12,587
3,130
2,709
1,690
2,946
2,112
12,076
3,401
2,608
1,512
2,699
1,856
11,686
3,720
2,638
1,531
2,383
1,414
15,519
4,483
3,747
1,849
3,386
2,053
17,054
3,777
3,371
2,225
4,290
3,390
16,780
3,847
3,494
2,262
3,988
3,190
16,296
4,184
3,597
2,132
3,708
2,675
14,993
4,055
3,413
2,176
3,246
2,103
3,122
1,471
1,651
3,417
1,603
1,814
4,310
2,088
2,222
4,451
2,204
2,247
4,308
2,097
2,211
4,183
2,014
2,169
5,913
3,075
2,838
5,601
2,989
2,612
5,733
2,967
2,767
5,527
2,909
2,618
5,090
2,661
2,429
53,677
11.7
6,263
54,755
12.3
6,709
55,589
15.5
8,614
56,841
16.4
9,316
57,795
15.2
8,798
58,856
13.5
7,921
59,489
17.3
10,282
59,664
20.0
11,934
60,682
18.8
11,392
61,675
17.4
10,727
62,680
15.3
9,572
365
5,898
365
6,344
670
7,944
828
8,488
742
8,056
485
7,436
710
9,572
1,304
10,629
1,176
10,216
958
9,770
763
8,809
900
963
834
767
827
857
605
583
485
419
440
4,998
1,875
1,215
647
870
391
5,381
1,861
1,386
700
980
454
7,110
1,742
1,759
1,090
1,585
934
7,721
1,701
1,734
1,081
1,921
1,284
7,229
1,744
1,675
994
1,714
1,102
6,579
1,771
1,575
934
1,510
789
8,967
2,216
2,263
1,135
2,116
1,237
10,046
1,805
1,977
1,377
2,849
2,039
9,731
1,862
2,055
1,309
2,473
2,032
9,351
2,001
2,102
1,333
2,384
1,531
8,369
1,836
1,996
1,324
1,962
1,252
2,015
901
1,114
2,262
1,003
1,259
2,914
1,379
1,535
2,991
1,445
1,546
2,814
1,323
1,491
2,650
1,177
1,473
3,890
1,949
1,940
3,610
1,842
1,769
3,735
1,881
1,854
3,533
1,826
1,707
3,083
1,559
1,524
37,803
13.4
5,069
38,885
12.9
5,035
39,753
15.0
5,951
40,344
16.2
6,535
41,233
15.7
6,489
42,958
15.3
6,577
44,112
18.7
8,254
44,778
20.5
9,171
46,465
19.5
9,055
47,989
18.3
8,785
49,683
16.4
8,166
885
4,184
798
4,237
1,049
4,902
1,330
5,205
1,315
5,174
1,125
5,452
1,419
6,835
1,897
7,273
1,753
7,302
1,610
7,175
1,310
6,856
385
433
345
339
327
345
284
266
253
230
233
3,799
1,757
774
389
536
343
3,804
1,753
791
357
562
341
4,557
1,559
970
579
883
566
4,866
1,429
975
609
1,025
828
4,847
1,657
933
518
985
754
5,107
1,949
1,063
597
873
625
6,552
2,267
1,484
715
1,270
816
7,008
1,973
1,394
848
1,441
1,352
7,049
1,985
1,439
952
1,515
1,157
6,945
2,184
1,494
798
1,324
1,144
6,623
2,219
1,417
852
1,285
851
1,107
570
537
1,155
600
555
1,396
709
687
1,460
759
701
1,494
774
720
1,533
837
696
2,024
1,126
898
1,990
1,147
843
1,998
1,086
912
1,994
1,083
911
2,007
1,102
905
1969
1970
1971
1972
91,480
12.4
11,332
93,640
12.5
11,744
95,342
15.3
14,565
97,185
16.3
15,851
1,250
10,082
1,163
10,581
1,719
12,846
1,285
1,396
8,797
3,632
1,989
1,036
1,406
734
1968
BOTH S E X E S
Total working or looking for w ork....
Percent with unemployment.....
Number with unemployment.....
Did not work but looked for
w o rk ......................................
Worked during y e a r..................
Year-round workers3 with 1 or 2
weeks of unemployment.............
Part-year w orkers4 with unemployment.............................................
1 to 4 w eeks............................
5 to 10 w eeks..........................
11 to 14 w e e k s .......................
15 to 26 w e e k s .......................
27 weeks or m ore....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment.............................
2 s p e lls.....................................
3 or more s p e lls......................
Males
Total working or looking for work....
Percent with unem ploym ent.....
Number with unemployment....
Did not work but looked for
w o rk ......................................
Worked during y e a r..................
Year-round workers3 with 1 or 2
weeks of unemployment..............
Part-year w orkers4 with unemploy
ment..............................................
1 to 4 w eeks.............................
5 to 10 w eeks...........................
11 to 14 w e e k s ........................
15 to 26 w e e k s ........................
27 weeks or m ore.....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment..............................
2 sp e lls.....................................
3 or more s p e lls.......................
Fem ales
Total working or looking for w ork....
Percent with unemployment.....
Number with unemployment.....
Did not work but looked for
w o rk ......................................
Worked during y e a r..................
Year-round w orkers3 with 1 or 2
weeks of unemployment..............
Part-year w orkers4 with unemploy
ment..............................................
1 to 4 w eeks.............................
5 to 10 w eeks...........................
11 to 14 w e e k s ........................
15 to 26 w e e k s ........................
27 weeks or m ore....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment..............................
2 sp e lls.....................................
3 or more s p e lls.......................
See footnotes at end of table.
99
Table 49. Extent of unemployment during the year by sex, 1957-78— Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Sex and extent of unemployment
1957
1958
Year-round workers3 with 1 or 2
weeks unemployment...................
Part-year w orkers4 with unemployment............................................
1 to 4 w eeks............................
5 to 10 w eeks...........................
11 to 14 w e e k s........................
15 to 26 w e e k s ........................
27 weeks or m ore....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment.............................
2 sp e lls.....................................
3 or more s p e lls.......................
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
19662
1967
Percent distribution of unemployed persons with work experience during the year
BOTH S E X E S
Total who worked during year........
19591
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
10.5
9.5
7.7
8.5
7.7
8.4
10.0
89.5
22.9
22.0
13.1
17.8
13.7
90.5
12.9
19.0
11.9
20.5
19.9
9.1
11.0
12.4
13.4
92.3
23.6
21.6
12.9
19.1
15.0
91.5
22.6
21.5
12.1
19 6
15.8
92.3
23.1
19.1
12.4
21.2
16.5
91.6
22.4
20.6
12.7
20.7
15.1
90.0
21.8
19.4
12.9
21.1
14.8
90.9
24.8
20.7
12.3
19.8
13.4
89.0
28.8
20.2
11.8
18.3
9.9
87.5
33.1
20.2
10.4
15.5
8.3
86.6
32.6
20.1
11.4
14.7
7.8
41.1
(5)
(5)
41.1
(5)
(5
)
39.8
16.7
22.2
36.6
16.2
20.4
37.0
17.1
19.8
39.0
18.9
20.2
37.4
18.1
19.3
38.5
19.0
19.6
36.1
16.1
19.9
33.7
14.5
19.2
32.6
14.6
18.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
6.4
9.7
8.6
9.0
8.7
9.2
11.5
10.3
12.9
15.1
16.0
93.6
21.0
23.4
14.7
19.7
14.8
90.3
16.2
19.1
12.3
22.0
20.7
91.4
19.3
22.2
13.5
20.5
15.8
91.0
19.1
22.0
13.0
21.0
16.0
91.3
18.8
20.7
13.4
22.3
16.1
90.8
18.7
21.2
13.4
22.0
15.5
88.5
18.7
19.8
13.8
22.1
14.2
89.7
21.2
21.6
13.1
20.3
13.4
87.1
24.6
20.2
12.7
19.6
10.1
84.9
28.3
21.1
11.6
15.9
8.1
84.0
27.8
20.9
12.1
15.6
7.4
45.2
(5)
(5)
43.4
(5)
(5
)
41.7
17.0
24.7
39.6
16.8
22.8
39.8
17.6
22.2
42.7
20.1
22.6
40.1
18.7
21.4
42.0
20.0
22.0
40.2
16.6
23.5
37.6
14.7
22.8
35.6
14.5
21.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
18.5
8.8
5.7
7.3
5.7
7.0
7.2
6.9
7.9
8.6
9.4
81.5
26.7
91.1
10.0
14.2
11.5
91.2
26.6
18.8
10.7
16.9
18.1
94.4
33.8
20.3
11.4
15.6
13.3
92.7
30.3
20.4
10.1
16.5
15.3
94.3
32.1
15.7
10.4
19.0
17.1
93.0
29.7
19.5
11.4
18.1
14.3
92.8
27.9
18.8
11.1
19.0
16.1
93.1
31.2
19.0
10.7
18.9
13.3
92.1
36.1
20.2
10.2
16.0
9.5
91.4
40.5
18.8
8.5
14.9
8.8
90.6
39.8
18.8
10.3
13.4
8.3
33.3
(5)
(5
)
35.4
(5)
(5)
32.5
16.0
16.5
30.1
14.9
15.2
31.1
16.1
15.0
31.7
16.5
15.2
32.1
16.9
15.2
32.4
17.2
15.2
29.0
15.3
13.7
27.9
14.1
13.8
27.9
14.7
33.2
-
-
Males
Total who worked during year.........
Year-round workers2 with 1 or 2
weeks of unemployment.............
Part-year workers4 with unemploy
ment.............................................
1 to 4 w eeks............................
5 to 10 w eeks...........................
11 to 14 w e e k s ........................
15 to 26 w e e k s........................
27 weeks or m ore....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment.............................
2 sp e lls.....................................
3 or more s p e lls.......................
Females
Total who worked during year........
Year-round w orkers3 with 1 or 2
weeks of unemployment.............
Part-year w orkers4 with unemploy
ment.............................................
1 to 4 w eeks............................
5 to 10 w eeks..........................
11 to 14 w e e k s.......................
15 to 26 w e e k s .......................
27 weeks or m ore...................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment.............................
2 sp e lls....................................
3 or more s p e lls.......................
See footnotes at end of table.
Table 49. Extent of unemployment during the year by sex, 1957-78— Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Sex and extent of unemployment
1968
1969
Year-round workers3 with 1 or 2
weeks unemployment...................
Part-year w orkers4 with unemployment.............................................
1 to 4 w eeks.............................
5 to 10 w eeks...........................
11 to 14 w e e k s ........................
15 to 26 w e e k s ........................
27 weeks or m ore....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment..............................
2 s p e lls.....................................
3 or more sp e lls.......................
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
Percent distribution of unemployed persons with work experience during the year
BOTH SE X E S
Total who worked during year.........
1970
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
12.7
13.2
9.2
8.1
8.7
9.3
5.4
4.7
4.2
3.8
4.3
87.3
36.0
19.7
10.3
13.9
7.3
86.8
34.2
20.6
10.0
14.6
7.5
90.8
25.7
21.2
13.0
19.2
11.7
91.9
22.9
19.8
12.3
21.5
15.4
91.3
25.7
19.7
11.4
20.4
14.0
90.7
28.9
20.5
11.9
18.5
11.0
94.6
27.3
22.8
11.3
20.6
12.5
95.3
21.1
18.8
12.4
24.0
18.9
95.8
22.0
19.9
12.9
22.8
18.2
96.2
24.7
21.2
12.6
21.9
15.8
95.7
25.9
21.8
13.9
20.7
13.4
31.0
14.6
16.4
32.3
15.1
17.1
33.6
16.3
17.3
32.5
16.1
16.4
32.5
15.8
16.7
32.5
15.6
16.8
36.0
18.7
17.3
31.3
16.7
14.6
32.7
16.9
15.8
32.6
17.2
15.4
3J.5
17.0
15.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
15.3
15.2
10.5
9.0
10.3
11.5
6.3
5.5
4.7
4.3
5.0
84.7
31.8
20.6
11.0
14.8
6.6
84.8
29.3
21.8
11.0
15.4
7.2
89.5
21.9
22.1
13.7
20.0
11.8
91.0
20.0
20.4
12.7
22.6
15.1
89.7
21.6
20.8
12.3
21.3
13.7
88.5
23.8
21.2
12.6
20.3
10.6
93.7
23.2
23.6
11.9
22.1
12.9
94.5
17.0
18.6
13.0
26.8
19.2
95.3
18.2
20.1
12.8
24.2
19.9
95.7
20.5
21.5
13.6
24.4
15.7
95.0
20.8
22.7
15.0
22.3
14.2
34.2
15.3
18.9
35.7
15.8
19.8
36.7
17.4
19.3
35.2
17.0
18.2
34.9
16.4
18.5
35.6
15.8
19.8
40.6
20.4
20.3
34.0
17.3
16.6
36.6
18.4
18.2
36.2
18.7
17.5
35.0
17.7
17.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
9.2
10.2
7.0
6.5
6.3
6.3
4.1
3.7
3.5
3.2
3.4
90.8
42.0
18.5
9.3
12.8
8.2
89.8
41.4
18.7
8.4
13.3
8.0
93.0
31.8
19.8
11.8
18.0
11.5
93.5
27.5
18.7
11.7
19.7
15.9
93.6
32.0
18.0
10.0
19.0
14.6
93.7
35.7
19.5
11.0
16.0
11.5
95.9
33.2
21.7
10.5
18.6
11.9
96.3
27.1
19.2
11.7
19.8
18.6
96.5
27.2
19.7
13.0
20.8
15.8
96.8
30.4
20.8
11.1
18.5
15.9
96.6
32.4
20.7
12.4
18.7
12.4
26.5
13.6
12.8
27.3
14.2
13.1
28.5
14.5
14.0
28.0
14.6
13.5
28.9
15.0
13.9
28.1
15.4
12.8
29.6
16.5
13.1
27.4
15.8
11.6
27.4
14.9
12.5
27.8
15.1
12.7
29.3
16.1
13.2
Males
Total who worked during year.........
Year-round workers2 with 1 or 2
weeks of unemployment..............
Part-year workers4 with unemploy
ment..............................................
1 to 4 w eeks.............................
5 to 10 w eeks...........................
11 to 14 w e e k s ........................
15 to 26 w e e k s ........................
27 weeks or m ore....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment..............................
2 sp ells.....................................
3 or more s p e lls.......................
Females
Total who worked during year.........
Year-round workers3 with 1 or 2
weeks of unemployment..............
Part-year workers4 with unemploy
ment.............................................
1 to 4 w eeks.............................
5 to 10 w eeks...........................
11 to 14 w e e k s ........................
15 to 26 w e e k s ........................
27 weeks or m ore....................
Total with 2 or more spells of
unemployment..............................
2 sp e lls.....................................
3 or more s p e lls.......................
1 Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning 1959 and are therefore not
strictly comparable with earlier years. This inclusion resulted in an increase
of about 50,000 in the total with unemployment in 1959.
See footnotes at end of table.
2 See footnote 2, table 5.
3 Worked 50 weeks or more.
4 Worked less than 50 weeks.
5 Not available.
N o t e : Each continuous period of unemployment of at least 1 week’s
duration is considered one spell of unemployment. The number of weeks of
unemployment during the year represents the total number of weeks accumu
lated in all spells of unemployment during which a person looked for work and
did not work at all.
101
Table 50. Persons with work experience during the year by industry and class of worker of longest
job, 1955-78
[In thousands]
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
19661
80,618
80,287
82,057
83,227
85,124
86,186
86,266
7,924
2,752
2,992
2,180
7,902
2,667
3,012
2,223
7,502
2,780
2,836
1,886
7,179
2,794
2,601
1,784
6,796
2,725
2,396
1,675
7,051
2,695
2,496
1,860
6,348
2,622
2,442
1,284
5,021
2,079
2,098
344
68,826
61,077
650
4,277
17,864
10,034
70,238
62,439
684
4,099
18,941
10,522
72,716
64,549
626
4,042
18,815
10,532
72,785
64,534
673
4,096
18,255
10,043
74,878
67,006
639
4,235
19,533
10,934
76,431
68,444
569
4,216
20,076
11,285
78,073
70,331
587
4,501
20,364
11,475
79,838
72,492
573
4,556
21,297
11,928
81,245
75,038
602
4,538
22,248
12,788
—
—
658
394
608
427
536
383
550
389
574
458
613
470
636
460
614
528
651
492
—
—
—
—
505
1,123
508
1,294
596
1,260
531
1,098
576
1,168
562
1,308
632
1,334
720
1,385
710
1,409
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,195
1,575
1,278
1,185
1,661
1,509
1,189
1,765
1,524
1,409
1,719
1,588
1,527
1,840
1,814
1,635
1,775
1,799
1,533
1,973
1,670
1,455
2,014
1,917
1,648
2,223
2,142
_
_
_
_
_
2,364
1,033
2,424
1,050
2,303
1,018
1,759
881
1,960
928
2,077
949
2,139
1,005
2,280
1,085
2,412
1,133
Industry and class of worker
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
All industry g rou p s...................
75,353
75,852
77,664
77,117
78,162
Agriculture.....................
9,261
2,476
3,921
2,864
8,560
2,428
3,594
2,538
8,355
2,469
3,358
2,528
8,291
2,771
3,141
2,379
66,092
58,839
‘ 868
3,779
18,503
10,495
67,292
60,191
*830
3,732
19,304
11,099
69,308
61,767
*795
4,022
19,409
11,112
—
—
—
—
—
—
Wage and salary workers.........
Self-employed workers.............
Unpaid family w orkers..............
Nonagricultural Industrie s..............................
Wage and salary workers.........
M inin g...................................
Construction..........................
Manufacturing.......................
Durable goods...................
Lumber and wood produ c ts.............................
Furniture and fixtures.....
Stone, clay, and glass
products......................
Primary metal industries..
Fabricated metal produ cts.............................
M achinery.......................
Electrical equipment.......
Transportation
equipment............................
Autom obiles................
Other transportation
equipm ent...............
Other durable g o o d s......
Nondurable g oo d s.............
Food and kindred prod
ucts .............................
Textile mill products...... 1
Apparel
and
related
products..................... ^
Printing and publishing....,
Chemicals and allied
products......................
Other nondurable goods..
Transportation and public
utilities................................
Railroads and railway ex
press service..................
Other transportation...........
Com m unications........ ........
Other public utilities............
Wholesale and retail trade....
W holesale trade.................
Retail trade.........................
Finance and se rv ices............
Finance, insurance, and
real estate.......................
Business and repair serv
ices .................................
Private households.............
Personal services, exclud
ing private households...
Entertainment and recrea
tion serv ices...................
Medical and other health
services..........................
Welfare
and
religious
services...........................
Educational services..........
Other professional serv
ices .................................
Forestry and fisheries........
Public administration..............
Self-employed workers.............
Unpaid family w orkers..............
_
_
_
—
8,008
—
8,205
—
8,297
1,331
942
7,830
1,374
908
8,419
1,284
976
8,283
878
1,000
8,212
1,032
1,017
8,599
1,128
1,046
8,791
1,134
1,098
8,889
1,195
1,015
9,369
1,279
1,101
9,460
—
—
—
—
—
—
1,697
1,088
1,892
1,135
1,909
1,064
2,028
911
2,133
959
2,117
1,082
2,093
1,109
2,134
1,169
2,122
1,158
_
_
_
—
—
—
1,288
1,238
1,414
1,256
1,378
1,307
1,327
1,289
1,487
1,332
1,466
1,387
1,558
1,258
1,625
1,458
1,639
1,318
—
—
—
—
—
—
964
1,555
964
1,758
882
1,743
984
1,673
949
1,739
1,004
1,735
1,063
1,808
1,014
1,969
1,213
2,010
4,896
4,874
4,887
4,657
4,865
4,768
4,518
4,711
4,916
4,843
4,856
4,993
_
_
_
12,351
_
12,251
12,407
15,387
16,091
16,929
1,118
1,692
844
1,003
12,638
2,381
10,257
17,648
1,042
1,788
919
1,116
12,525
2,394
10,131
17,912
975
1,764
944
1,084
13,040
2,482
10,558
19,586
925
1,590
912
1,091
13,033
2,458
10,575
20,233
932
1,810
860
1,109
13,462
2,337
11,125
20,508
910
1,920
922
1,164
13,462
2,260
11,098
21,266
896
1,916
913
1,118
14,012
2,388
11,624
21,988
812
1,894
1,016
1,134
14,293
2,586
11,707
22,893
849
1,914
1,101
1,129
15,027
2,551
12,476
23,242
—
—
2,568
2,797
3,171
3,081
3,052
3,264
3,331
3,476
3,606
—
3,222
—
3,064
—
3,370
1,359
3,507
1,390
3,522
1,468
3,692
1,471
3,964
1,646
3,916
1,647
3,772
1,667
3,849
1,746
3,847
1,783
2,949
_
_
—
—
—
—
1,913
1,794
2,058
2,145
1,895
2,018
2,173
2,146
2,093
—
—
—
792
701
759
852
795
848
768
807
875
—
—
—
2,445
2,686
2,878
2,915
3,092
3,287
3,393
3,608
3,958
_
_
_
717
3,432
609
3,443
729
3,781
736
4,101
783
4,325
790
4,556
825
4,808
754
5,318
814
5,952
_
_
_
—
3,055
6,289
964
—
3,109
6,192
909
_
3,318
6,587
954
797
118
3,343
6,672
l!077
865
105
3,413
6,748
li051
964
85
3,671
6,971
1 i l 96
861
107
3,726
7,170
l|o81
883
121
3,918
6,782
l!090
969
115
4,043
6,790
l! l9 7
1,058
116
4,036
6 614
1'128
1,077
114
4,024
6 640
706
1112
100
4 388
5 590
617
See footnote at end of table.
102
Table 50. Persons with work experience during the year by industry and class of worker of longest
job, 1955-78—Continued
[In thousands]
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
95,027
96,972
100,203
101,472
101,240
104,219
107,096
110,290
4,768
1,901
2,028
839
4,871
1,989
2,020
862
4,725
1,937
2,113
675
4,729
1,970
2,038
721
4,221
1,921
1,794
506
4,152
2,043
1,636
472
4,277
2,071
1,654
552
4,158
2,036
1,561
561
3,752
1,819
1,524
410
87,755
81,322
544
4,949
23,640
13,955
88,855
82,347
573
4,970
22,540
13,109
90,156
83,610
619
5,441
21,953
12,481
92,247
86,678)
716
5,279
22,381
12,861
95,474
88,955
677
5,698
23,110
13,412
97,251
91,028
749
5,555
23,314
13,701
97,088
90,767
757
5,161
22,095
13,047
99,942
93,054
758
5,312
22,600
12,951
102,937
95,663
816
5,547
22,823
13,316
106,538
99,291
915
5,979
24,020
14,447
637
472
635
534
654
531
711
493
668
589
713
585
777
607
728
553
675
602
730
597
771
681
689
1,329
720
1,403
758
1,483
745
1,367
714
1,390
704
1,456
698
1,460
759
1,463
705
1,463
684
1,438
690
1,302
734
1,271
1,751
2,358
2,261
1,768
2,352
2,197
1,900
2,584
2,311
1,511
2,379
2,270
1,429
2,141
2,094
1,549
2,202
2,185
1,637
2,346
2,361
1,667
2,482
2,258
1,585
2,501
2,141
1,470
2,394
2,118
1,534
2,527
2,287
1,600
2,805
2,514
2,482
1,070
2,647
1,186
2,666
1,206
2,424
1,110
2,173
1,072
2,185
1,092
2,244
1,130
2,228
1,118
2,037
985
2,201
1,112
2,227
1,181
2,554
1,394
1,412
1,123
9,446
1,461
1,062
9,561
1,460
1,084
9,685
1,314
1,228
9,431
1,101
1,336
9,472
1,093
1,323
9,520
1,114
1,368
9,698
1,110
1,461
9,613
1,051
1,334
9,049
1,078
1,369
9,649
1,046
1,423
9,507
1,160
1,517
9,573
2,162
1,165
2,134
2,224
2,130
1,333
1,917
1,037
2,179
1,067
2,191
1,062
2,071
1,136
2,143
958
1,961
979
2,101
1,138
2,036
989
2,044
868
1,517
1,226
1,523
1,236
1,585
1,246
1,671
1,370
1,625
1,329
1,539
1,385
1,646
1,338
1,625
1,395
1,548
1,318
1,525
1,425
1,604
1,470
1,557
1,590
1,223
2,153
1,201
2,243
2,294
2,297
1,260
2,176
1,172
2,100
1,160
2,183
1,239
2,268
1,310
2,183
1,235
2,008
1,307
2,153
1,244
2,164
1,305
2,209
5,327
5,312
5,402
5,640
5,810
5,582
5,882
5,824
5,946
5,897
6,196
6,332
811
2,193
1,136
1,187
15,307
2,672
12,635
23,875
700
2,240
1,205
1,167
15,319
2,623
21,696
25,076
712
2,297
1,191
1,202
15,813
2,629
13,184
25,952
757
2,308
1,357
1,218
16,782
3,051
13,731
27,061
713
2,545
1,287
1,265
17,322
3,048
14,274
27,762
593
2,473
1,224
1,292
18,185
3,426
14,759
28,604
613
2,634
1,356
1,279
18,886
3,306
15,580
29,733
647
2,692
1,287
1,199
19,598
3,469
16,129
30,807
629
2,715
1,248
1,352
19,765
3,484
16,281
31,483
632
2,700
1,231
1,334
20,411
3,624
16,787
32,573
590
2,934
1,291
1,381
20,971
3,688
17,283
33,661
600
2,984
1,394
1,354
21,461
3,679
17,781
34,907
3,605
3,687
4,044
4,146
4,353
4,487
4,806
4,902
4,748
4,929
5,238
5,637
1,944
2,756
2,057
2,755
2,192
2,572
2,227
2,491
2,354
2,351
2,589
2,061
2,675
2,054
2,718
1,884
2,690
1,877
3,019
1,845
3,221
1,804
3,426
1,714
2,226
2,281
2,254
2,195
2,060
2,062
2,117
2,170
2,102
2,130
2,218
2,237
932
915
885
945
889
1,006
1,078
1,066
1,186
1,213
1,274
1,236
3,985
4,517
4,701
4,985
5,296
5,538
5,961
6,302
6,592
6,662
6,982
7,173
806
6,349
915
6,656
909
7,042
1,123
7,396
1,123
7,640
1,213
7,962
1,273
8,029
1,361
8,534
1,461
8,727
1,582
8,886
1,664
8,890
1,883
9,061
1,172
100
4,509
5,333
1,033
1,210
83
4,988
5,533
1,024
1,228
125
5,022
5,454
979
1,435
118
4,781
5,565
943
1,605
91
4,703
5,553
943
1,578
108
4,931
5,687
882
1,641
99
4,969
5,614
905
1,776
94
5,180
5,601
622
1,990
110
5,560
5,724
598
2,122
183
5,503
5,994
894
2,214
157
5,649
6,402
871
2,349
191
5,678
6,497
751
Industry and class of worker
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
All industry g ro u p s...................
88,179
90,230
92,477
93,623
Agriculture......................
5,184
2,150
2,083
951
4,936
2,034
2,036
866
4,722
1,907
2,051
764
82,995
76,629
560
4,519
22,532
13,086
85,294
78,737
548
4,675
22,819
13,258
639
454
Wage and salary workers..........
Self-employed workers..............
Unpaid family w orkers...............
Nonagricultural indus
trie s ..............................
Wage and salary workers..........
M inin g ....................................
Construction...........................
Manufacturing........................
Durable goods....................
Lumber and wood prod
ucts ..............................
Furniture and fixtures......
Stone, clay, and glass
products......................
Primary metal industries...
Fabricated metal prod
ucts ..............................
M achinery.......................
Electrical equipment.......
Transportation equip
ment.............................
Autom obiles.................
Other transportation
equipm ent................
Other durable g o o d s......
Nondurable g oo d s..............
Food and kindred prod
ucts ..............................
Textile mill products.......
Apparel
and
related
products......................
Printing and publishing....
Chemicals and allied
products......................
Other nondurable goods..
Transportation and public
utilities................................
Railroads and railway ex
press service...................
Other transportation...........
Com m unications.................
Other public utilities............
W h o l e s a l e a n d re ta il t r a d e .......
Wholesale trade..................
Retail trade.........................
Finance and serv ices.............
Finance, insurance, and
real estate.......................
Business and repair serv
ices .................................
Private households.............
Personal services, exclud
ing private households....
Entertainment and recrea
tion se rv ice s....................
Medical and other health
services...........................
Welfare
and
religious
services...........................
Educational se rv ices..........
Other professional serv
ic e s ................................ .
Forestry and fish eries........
Public administration..............
Self-employed workers..............
Unpaid family w orkers...............
1See footnote 2, table 5.
103
1978
Table 51. Percent of persons with work experience during the year who worked year round at full'
time jobs by industry and class of worker of longest job, 1950-78
Industry and class of worker
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
All industry g rou ps.............................................
55.7
57.4
57.4
58.9
55.8
56.6
56.4
55.1
53.6
53.8
53.7
53.6
53.7
54.6
55.0
Agriculture....................................
47.0
32.3
75.9
13.4
45.7
29.5
76.4
12.7
45.3
28.1
75.5
10.9
45.2
34.9
74.9
7.3
45.4
28.3
77.2
10.8
46.6
31.5
81.5
12.0
43.4
25.5
77.3
12.6
41.5
23.0
77.1
12.3
39.4
20.9
74.9
14.3
39.6
21.9
74.8
13.7
38.9
22.9
71.1
14.4
40.9
23.8
74.8
15.3
37.9
21.2
72.5
13.5
37.6
22.5
72.7
11.8
37.7
22.0
73.6
12.3
57.1
56.4
39.9
—
59.2
58.5
61.8
47.8
59.1
58.4
51.0
47.7
60.7
59.9
55.9
46.8
57.3
55.9
46.7
41.6
58.0
57.1
57.5
46.3
58.0
57.3
63.4
47.8
56.8
56.1
64.7
45.7
55.3
54.6
53.2
40.6
55.4
54.7
58.7
43.6
55.3
54.8
65.2
41.8
54.9
54.6
64.8
41.5
55.2
54.9
67.6
43.2
56.1
55.8
68.2
45.8
56.6
56.3
67.5
48.8
Manufacturing............................................ 61.9
Durable goods..................................... 64.7
—
Lumber and wood products.........
—
Furniture and fixtures...................
—
Stone, clay, and glass products....
—
Primary metal industries...............
Fabricated metal products...........
—
Machinery.....................................
—
—
Electrical equipm ent....................
—
Transportation equipm ent............
Autom obiles..........................
—
Other transportation equipm ent..................................
—
—
Other durable goods....................
Nondurable g o o d s............................... 59.0
—
Food and kindred products..........
—
Textile mill products.....................
—
Apparel and related products......
—
Printing and publishing.................
—
Chemicals and allied products.....
Other nondurable g o o d s..............
—
63.6
68.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
63.3
66.9
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
67.5
70.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
61.9
66.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
64.5
67.7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
64.0
65.8
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
63.3
66.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
62.3
62.4
49.5
52.8
63.4
65.4
69.3
66.5
68.2
58.6
39.0
62.5
62.9
55.3
65.0
66.0
47.8
68.4
72.4
69.1
61.5
44.9
64.3
66.0
48.3
58.7
63.4
63.5
71.6
73.0
69.6
65.4
54.6
63.7
65.9
46.9
63.5
64.0
67.8
68.6
73.7
71.3
61.0
52.3
64.8
67.6
50.3
64.8
62.0
69.1
71.0
73.3
70.1
70.1
67.8
67.1
70.7
50.1
65.7
72.4
73.9
71.1
76.3
70.5
75.2
70.8
67.7
70.7
52.8
67.0
72.9
80.1
70.4
76.7
73.5
67.7
58.1
—
—
58.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
59.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
64.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
55.9
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
60.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
61.6
—
—
—
—
—
73.9
57.9
62.0
60.5
58.4
43.9
59.5
79.1
72.6
74.2
56.2
62.0
61.0
63.2
44.5
57.7
74.6
72.4
74.0
59.6
62.1
61.4
62.5
38.6
60.1
82.2
72.6
69.7
58.8
61.1
58.4
59.2
44.8
54.5
79.4
72.7
72.2
55.7
61.3
61.3
59.0
44.0
51.4
77.1
76.3
78.8
61.9
62.4
63.2
64.2
45.4
52.2
76.6
74.6
76.3
60.7
63.8
64.0
65.7
47.1
54.3
79.3
74.3
Wage and salary w orkers.................................
Self-employed w orkers......................................
Unpaid family w orkers.......................................
Nonagriculturai in d u stries.........
Wage and salary w orkers...... ..........................
M inin g.........................................................
Construction...............................................
—
—
—
—
—
59.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
Transportation and public utilities...............
Railroads and railway express serv
ice ....................................................
Other transportation............................
Com m unications.................................
Other public utilities.............................
73.6
73.9
74.8
74.4
71.2
71.6
74.3
72.2
72.0
71.4
71.7
73.2
72.2
72.8
75.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
75.1
60.0
77.1
84.5
74.1
64.1
71.1
80.6
73.5
62.8
74.5
81.9
77.0
62.8
76.1
82.5
73.3
63.4
77.7
81.4
77.3
64.1
73.8
82.7
78.6
66.8
78.0
85.3
Wholesale and retail trade.........................
W holesale trade..................................
Retail trade..........................................
52.8
—
—
53.7
—
—
53.2
—
—
53.8
—
—
51.1
—
—
50.1
—
—
50.0
—
—
49.5
—
—
49.2
66.6
45.2
48.3
64.1
44.5
47.0
66.2
42.5
48.4
70.1
43.3
47.5
67.1
43.4
46.5
68.1
42.2
46.8
70.8
41.8
Finance, and se rv ice s................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate....
Business and repair services..............
Private households..............................
Personal services, excluding private
households......................................
Entertainment and reaction services....
Medical, other health services............
Welfare and religious services............
Educational s e rv ic e s...........................
Other professional services.................
Forestry and fish eries.........................
46.9
—
—
—
47.9
—
—
—
48.8
—
—
—
48.5
—
—
23.6
46.7
—
—
23.0
47.5
—
—
20.7
47.4
—
—
21.6
46.0
—
—
17.4
44.7
67.8
59.4
17.5
44.5
68.8
55.3
16.6
45.3
66.1
53.7
17.5
44.2
66.0
53.8
16.6
43.9
67.3
55.8
15.4
44.3
68.6
53.7
13.8
44.5
68.2
53.7
13.5
41.8
30.9
55.1
48.6
40.5
58.5
41.9
43.6
29.1
55.1
55.0
43.0
59.1
0)
42.7
28.6
53.9
59.5
42.4
60.7
29.0
41.2
26.8
55.1
56.4
40.3
56.9
45.5
41.8
26.6
54.2
51.8
41.8
58.8
32.2
37.4
24.6
55.5
53.1
43.2
61.2
44.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
43.3
28.3
53.4
54.1
42.5
59.6
—
Public administration..................................
75.8
76.0
80.2
80.4
78.5
79.0
78.2
77.8
78.5
77.7
75.0
77.8
78.3
78.8
79.8
Self-employed workers......................................
Unpaid family w orkers.......................................
67.3
25.5
69.2
21.2
68.9
22.5
71.6
26.0
71.6
37.3
70.7
27.8
70.1
27.3
67.2
25.8
66.9
24.3
66.4
24.0
65.4
23.6
61.9
25.1
63.1
25.8
65.1
23.6
65.0
27.0
See footnotes at end of table.
104
—
—
_
Table 51. Percent of persons with work experience during the year who worked year round at full
time jobs by industry and class of worker of longest job, 1950-78—Continued
Industry and class of worker
1965
19662
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
All industry groups.......................................................
56.1
58.0
58.6
57.9
57.1
55.6
56.1
57.1
57.1
54.4
54.4
54.3
54.9
56.4
Agricultu re...............................................
40.4
23.0
72.4
15.1
47.4
30.8
75.3
18.7
46.4
30.0
75.8
18.9
46.1
28.4
75.3
18.8
45.8
29.6
70.2
21.1
43.9
27.9
69.7
17.5
43.7
30.2
67.6
18.9
48.6
33.2
70.9
22.5
46.8
32.9
69.8
20.0
47.3
29.5
71.8
28.1
46.4
29.4
73.1
28.0
46.1
32.0
70.8
25.2
46.2
30.9
72.4
28.6
49.6
33.7
73.5
31.4
Wage and salary workers...........................................
Mining....................................................................
Construction.........................................................
57.4
57.2
68.8
51.5
58.7
58.5
73.6
53.9
59.4
59.5
70.5
55.6
58.6
58.7
70.8
55.2
57.7
57.8
65.4
54.1
56.2
56.2
69.3
50.9
56.8
56.8
61.2
50.2
57.5
57.6
70.9
52.8
57.6
57.6
72.8
51.1
54.7
54.6
61.1
47.0
54.7
54.7
65.7
43.5
54.6
54.8
66.9
44.4
55.3
55.5
58.8
46.8
56.6
56.7
57.8
47.8
Manufacturing.......................................................
Durable g oo d s..............................................
Lumber and wood products...................
Furniture and fixtures.............................
Stone, clay, and glass products............
Primary metal industries........................
Fabricated metal products....................
Machinery..............................................
Electrical equipm ent..............................
Transportation equipm ent.....................
Automobiles....................................
Other transportation equipment......
Other durable goods..............................
Nondurable g o o d s .........................................
Food and kindred products....................
Textile mill products...............................
Apparel and related products................
Printing and publishing..........................
Chemicals and allied products..............
Other nondurable g o o d s.......................
69.2
72.4
52.9
70.8
72.8
77.3
72.5
77.9
70.7
72.3
69.8
74.6
70.3
65.0
64.9
69.4
50.2
55.0
78.5
75.4
69.6
72.4
59.6
70.5
73.8
76.5
72.9
77.8
67.7
74.1
68.8
78.9
68.1
65.8
64.8
69.9
49.2
61.1
79.9
72.6
69.7
71.8
55.7
68.5
72.0
77.8
72.9
75.8
69.8
72.0
64.5
77.6
68.4
66.8
64.6
66.3
52.9
66.9
79.9
71.8
69.5
72.3
61.5
69.7
71.2
71.8
71.9
76.2 ‘
72.7
75.2
71.7
78.1
65.3
65.6
63.4
66.4
55.4
62.1
76.9
70.0
68.2
70.6
57.2
71.5
74.4
75.3
70.5
74.7
67.8
70.6
65.2
75.1
65.4
64.7
62.4
66.6
51.3
62.4
78.7
68.7
65.6
67.5
53.2
61.8
71.1
74.4
64.9
71.9
68.5
64.4
52.6
74.4
66.6
62.8
59.4
63.7
48.5
63.1
79.2
66.8
67.0
69.9
59.2
66.7
68.1
70.6
66.9
72.1
71.6
73.5
73.7
73.4
68.0
63.3
59.2
63.4
48.5
62.8
80.1
69.9
67.5
69.5
58.2
55.0
67.3
75.2
66.0
73.5
70.3
73.7
76.0
71.4
66.1
64.8
65.0
64.3
51.2
63.0
78.9
67.9
68.9
71.5
57.8
65.5
70.5
78.4
70.9
74.9
72.0
74.1
75.3
72.8
63.9
65.4
63.2
65.2
49.0
66.4
81.5
69.9
64.7
67.5
53.0
63.9
66.0
75.4
65.7
72.8
68.7
65.4
62.1
68.7
63.7
60.6
59.4
54.7
44.9
61.4
75.1
58.7
63.7
66.3
50.5
55.2
69.5
67.8
64.8
71.9
68.6
66.5
61.7
71.0
63.7
59.9
61.3
48.0
42.1
59.3
77.8
67.6
65.8
69.2
54.0
57.5
70.4
74.2
66.7
75.7
69.7
69.0
70.4
67.6
66.6
61.3
60.6
57.4
47.6
56.9
79.4
65.7
67.7
70.7
57.1
61.4
68.5
75.4
67.0
75.7
71.9
72.7
76.4
68.6
67.8
63.5
61.4
64.6
48.0
59.0
80.0
70.0
68.6
71.2
55.3
61.5
66.6
79.0
70.7
75.9
72.6
73.2
74.0
72.3
65.4
64.7
61.1
64.9
51.6
61.5
84.9
67.4
Transportation and public utilities......... ...............
Railroads and railway express service..........
Other transportation......................................
Communications............................................
Other public utilities.......................................
75.8
82.5
65.9
78.0
85.4
75.7
83.6
67.6
74.0
85.1
75.5
80.8
69.1
74.5
84.8
73.2
80.9
68.7
67.4
83.5
72.2
80.3
66.0
72.0
79.3
71.5
78.6
62.5
72.2
83.5
71.4
75.3
63.7
73.6
82.4
72.7
80.9
64.3
75.9
82.1
73.0
78.6
65.8
77.9
80.1
71.1
79.3
60.0
81.4
80.6
71.6
80.5
60.9
81.2
80.1
70.7
78.3
58.6
82.6
80.7
70.0
80.0
58.9
81.8
78.0
72.3
78.7
62.6
81.5
81.3
W holesale and retail tra d e...................................
Wholesale trade.............................................
Retail tra d e...................................................
47.8
72.3
42.4
47.1
70.6
42.3
47.9
70.5
43.1
47.5
70.9
42.6
45.2
69.9
40.3
43.8
68.3
38.3
44.7
68.9
39.5
45.1
71.4
38.9
44.4
70.4
38.9
42.5
67.9
37.0
43.3
69.3
37.8
43.2
67.2
38.0
43.2
69.7
37.6
43.9
70.8
38.4
Finance, and s e rv ice s...........................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate..............
Business and repair s e rv ic e s........................
Private households........................................
Personal services, excluding private house
h o ld s................... .......................................
Entertainment and reaction services.............
Medical, other health se rv ice s......................
Welfare and religious se rv ice s......................
Educational services......................................
Other professional services...........................
Forestry and fisheries....................................
45.2
69.7
54.6
14.9
48.6
68.8
56.8
17.1
50.9
70.0
57.6
17.7
49.4
67.7
57.7
18.6
50.0
66.8
54.8
15.2
50.3
67.7
50.5
15.3
51.1
66.1
53.1
15.3
52.4
68.0
50.1
17.8
52.2
64.8
51.9
17.8
49.8
65.9
48.6
11.6
50.7
68.3
50.2
12.9
49.8
66.1
49.0
10.4
50.7
66.4
49.5
11.6
52.3
66.3
49.5
11.9
43.8
25.3
54.9
51.7
41.9
57.4
33.3
43.1
31.2
52.9
52.3
48.5
60.8
53.0
43.6
31.2
56.5
52.2
52.1
61.4
52.0
41.6
28.5
52.6
52.2
50.4
59.6
50.6
41.0
30.2
51.1
54.2
54.0
61.5
41.6
38.8
27.3
52.5
56.3
54.0
61.8
41.5
38.6
25.2
54.8
56.9
54.8
56.8
52.7
36.3
28.6
57.0
55.8
55.4
59.4
38.0
36.3
27.4
56.3
58.3
55.3
60.3
48.5
35.1
25.0
53.6
52.1
51.3
58.5
44.7
36.8
25.1
54.6
53.9
51.3
57.1
43.4
34.3
25.1
55.0
52.2
49.7
59.5
44.6
38.4
26.9
55.9
52.7
49.8
59.7
43.0
39.7
26.4
58.0
56.1
51.3
62.6
38.5
Public administration.............................................
77.6
76.3
76.7
76.7
76.1
74.4
76.7
76.0
74.5
72.2
73.0
73.7
72.7
74.3
Self-employed w orkers................................................
Unpaid family w orkers.................................................
62.0
30.2
64.3
32.3
65.0
25.7
64.6
24.1
62.0
23.5
61.6
29.1
61.0
29.0
60.8
28.8
61.1
36.9
57.9
43.4
56.3
39.1
55.6
30.4
55.9
28.3
57.9
29.0
Wage and salary workers............................................
Self-employed w orkers................................................
Unpaid family w orkers................................................
Nonagricultural industries.....................
1Percent not shown where base is less than 100,000.
2See footnote 2, table 5.
Table 52. Persons with two or more jobs by industry and class of worker of primary and secondary
job, May,1 selected years, 1956-79 2
Agriculture
Status of job and year
Total
with
two or
more
jobs
Total
Nonagricultural industries
Selfem
ployed
work
ers
Wage
and
salary
work
ers
Unpaid
family
work
ers
Total
Wage
and
salary
work
ers
Selfem
ployed
work
ers
Unpaid
family
work
ers
Number employed (thousands)
PRIMARY JO B
1956.......................................................................................................
1957.......................................................................................................
1958.......................................................................................................
1959.......................................................................................................
3,653
3,570
3,099
2,966
866
858
629
321
295
285
264
104
402
385
264
199
169
188
101
18
2,787
2,712
2,470
2,645
2,569
2,447
2,257
2,451
200
237
198
182
18
28
15
12
1960.......................................................................................................
1962.......................................................................................................
1963.......................................................................................................
1964.......................................................................................................
3,012
3,342
3,921
3,726
332
364
386
405
97
102
146
139
208
210
195
230
27
52
45
36
2,680
2,978
3,535
3,321
2,489
2,764
3,361
3,135
184
194
169
175
7
20
5
11
1965.......................................................................................................
1966.......................................................................................................
19693.....................................................................................................
3,756
3,636
4,008
416
335
273
133
88
75
218
200
167
65
47
31
3,340
3,301
3,735
3,131
3,110
3,568
200
177
162
9
14
5
1970.......................................................................................................
1971.......................................................................................................
1972.......................................................................................................
1973.......................................................................................................
1974.......................................................................................................
4,048
4,035
3,770
4,262
3,889
276
217
221
223
218
89
65
54
81
84
154
129
134
123
107
33
23
33
19
27
2,772
3,818
3,549
4,039
3,671
3,570
3,641
3,348
3,863
3,486
194
167
191
158
180
8
10
10
18
5
1975...................................................................................................... .
1976.......................................................................................................
1977.......................................................................................................
1978.......................................................................................................
1979.......................................................................................................
3,918
3,948
4,558
4,481
4,724
253
199
225
204
203
83
64
66
70
78
135
113
129
106
108
35
22
30
28
16
3,665
3,749
4,333
4,277
4,521
3,422
3,541
4,084
4,054
4,307
225
204
233
202
206
18
5
16
21
8
Percent of total employed
1956.......................................................................................................
1957.......................................................................................................
1958.......................................................................................................
1959.......................................................................................................
5.5
5.3
4.8
4.5
11.2
11.0
9.3
6.7
13.4
12.1
13.2
7.7
10.9
10.7
8.1
7.2
9.4
10.0
6.9
2.5
4.7
4.6
4.2
4.3
4.9
4.7
4.4
4.6
3.3
3.7
3.1
2.8
2.7
3.9
2.2
2.0
1960.......................................................................................................
1962.................................................. .....................................................
1963.......................................................................................................
1964.......................................................................................................
4.6
4.9
5.7
5.2
6.7
6.7
7.5
8.1
6.7
6.2
8.8
8.8
7.6
7.5
7.5
9.3
3.6
5.2
4.8
3.7
4.4
4.7
5.5
5.0
4.6
5.0
5.9
5.3
2.8
3.0
2.7
2.7
1.1
2.9
.9
1.9
1965.......................................................................................................
1966.......................................................................................................
19693.....................................................................................................
5.2
4.9
5.2
8.1
7.8
7.0
8.4
6.6
5.8
8.6
8.9
8.5
6.5
6.6
4.8
5.0
4.8
5.1
5.2
5.0
5.3
3.0
2.8
3.1
1.5
2.5
.9
1970.......................................................................................................
1971.......................................................................................................
1972.......................................................................................................
1973.......................................................................................................
1974...................................... .................................................................
5.2
5.1
4.6
5.1
4.5
7.4
6.0
6.3
6.4
6.0
7.4
5.2
4.5
6.5
6.2
8.0
7.1
7.6
6.9
6.0
5.5
4.2
5.9
4.3
5.8
5.1
5.1
4.6
5.0
4.5
5.2
5.3
4.7
5.2
4.6
3.7
3.1
3.5
2.8
3.1
1.6
1.9
1.6
3.1
1.0
1975.......................................................................................................
1976.......................................................................................................
1977.......................................................................................................
1978.......................................................................................................
1979.......................................................................................................
4.7
4.5
5.0
4.8
4.9
7.0
5.8
6.1
6.0
6.1
6.4
4.9
4.8
4.9
5.4
7.6
6.7
7.1
6.5
7.1
6.5
5.2
6.0
8.6
5.0
4.6
4.5
5.0
4.7
4.9
4.6
4.6
5.1
4.9
5.0
3.9
3.4
3.7
3.1
3.0
3.3
1.0
2.8
3.8
1.5
2,542
2,535
2,249
2,317
2,202
2,187
1,905
1,907
340
348
344
410
—
2,425
2,697
3,096
2,925
2,025
2,176
2,481
2,367
400
521
615
558
—
2,970
2,389
581
SE C O N D A R Y JO B
Number employed (thousands)
1956.......................................................................................................
1957.......................................................................................................
1958.......................................................................................................
1959.......................................................................................................
3,653
3,570
3,099
2,966
1,111
1,035
850
649
485
506
362
130
626
529
488
519
1960.......................................................................................................
1962.......................................................................................................
1963.......................................................................................................
1964............................................... .......................................................
3,012
3,342
3,921
3,726
587
645
825
801
135
176
188
185
452
469
637
616
1965.......................................................................................................
3,756
786
167
619
See footnotes at end of table.
106
_
—
—
—
_
—
—
_
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
Table 52. Persons with two or more jobs by industry and class of worker of primary and secondary
job, May,1 selected years, 1956-79 2—Continued
Agriculture
Status of job and year
Total
with
two or
more
jobs
Total
Wage
and
salary
work
ers
Selfem
ployed
work
ers
1966........................................... ...........................................................
1969s.....................................................................................................
3,636
4,008
721
723
139
121
582
602
1970.......................................................................................................
1971......................................................................................................
1972.......................................................................................................
1973.......................................................................................................
1974.......................................................................................................
4,048
4,035
3,770
4,262
3,889
738
700
670
833
697
122
96
108
115
106
616
604
562
718
591
3,918
3,948
4,558
4,481
4,724
705
674
755
752
725
1 Data for the years 1956-58 and 1959-60 were collected In
July and Dec. respectively.
3 Surveys on dual jobholders were not conducted in 1961, 1967,
and 1968.
Unpaid
family
work
ers
Total
Wage
and
salary
work
ers
Selfem
ployed
work
ers
Unpaid
family
work
ers
Number employed (thousands)— Continued
S E C O N D A R Y JO B — C o ntin ued
1975.......................................................................................................
1976.......................................................................................................
1977.......................................................................................................
1978.......................................................................................................
1979.......................................................................................................
Nonagricultural industries
133
100
111
118
145
572
574
644
634
580
_
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
2,915
3,285
2,335
2,698
580
587
3,310
3,335
3,100
3,429
3,192
2,748
2,607
2,424
2,731
2,500
562
728
676
698
692
3,213
3,273
3,803
3,729
3,999
2,549
2,535
2,923
2,870
2,993
664
738
880
859
1,006
_
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
_
—
—
3 Data for 1969 forward refer to persons 16 years and over; 14
years and over for prior years.
N o t e : Persons whose only extra job is as an unpaid family worker
are not counted as dual jobholders.
107
Table 53. Employment status of the population by marital status and sex, March,1 1947-79
[Numbers in thousands]
Males
Females
Labor force
Marital status and year
Unemployed
Total
Popula
tion2
Labor force
Number
Percent
of
popula
tion
Em
ployed
Number
Unemployed
Total
Percent
of labor
force
Popula
tion2
Number
Percent
of
popula
tion
6,181
5,943
5,682
51.2
51.1
50.9
Em
ployed
Number
Percent
of labor
force
5,991
5,697
5,395
190
246
287
3.1
4.1
5.1
SINGLE
1947...............................
1948...............................
1949...............................
14,760
14,734
13,952
9,375
9,440
8,957
63.5
64.1
64.2
8,500
8,699
8,048
849
(3)
863
9.1
9.6
12,078
11,623
11,174
1950...............................
1951...............................
1952...............................
1953...............................
1954...............................
14,212
12,984
12,868
13,000
13,004
8,898
8,036
7,836
7,825
7,924
62.6
61.9
60.9
60.2
60.9
7,638
7,550
7,254
7,347
7,099
1,188
427
444
390
697
13.4
5.3
5.7
5.0
8.8
11,126
10,946
11,068
10,774
11,043
5,621
5,430
5,532
5,223
5,412
50.5
49.6
50.0
48.5
49.0
5,272
5,228
5,360
5,089
5,095
349
202
168
130
317
6.2
3.7
3.0
2.5
5.9
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
13,522
13,516
13,754
14,331
14,768
8,276
8,086
7,958
8,174
8,416
61.2
59.8
57.9
57.0
57.0
7,495
7,400
7,166
6,959
7,263
653
625
716
1,122
1,083
7.9
7.7
9.0
13.7
12.9
10,962
11,126
11,487
11,822
11,884
5,087
5,167
5,378
5,365
5,162
46.4
46.4
46.8
45.4
43.4
4,865
4,919
5,139
5,078
4,832
222
248
239
287
330
4.4
4.8
4.4
5.3
6.4
1960..............................
1961..............................
1962..............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
15,274
15^886
15,708
16,361
16,968
8,473
8,837
8,121
8,267
8^617
55.5
55.6
51.7
50.5
50.8
7,327
7,533
7,134
7,059
7,428
1,067
1,246
922
1,124
1,085
12.6
14.1
11.4
13.6
12.6
12,252
12,764
13,134
13,692
14,132
5,401
5,663
5,481
5,614
5,781
44.1
44.4
41.7
41.0
40.9
5,079
5,235
5,096
5,218
5,366
322
428
385
396
415
6.0
7.6
7.0
7.1
7.2
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
17,338
17,684
13,987
14,596
14,890
8,719
8,781
8,350
8,695
8,797
50.3
49.7
59.7
59.6
59.1
7,765
7,914
7,553
7,816
8,000
898
799
654
707
675
10.3
9.1
7.8
8.1
7.7
14,607
14,981
11,664
12,381
12,689
5,912
6,106
5,915
6,357
6,501
40.5
40.8
50.7
51.3
51.2
5,491
5,729
5,566
5,944
6,093
421
377
349
413
408
7.1
6.2
5.9
6.5
6.3
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
15,722
16,547
16,573
16,791
17,501
9,545
9,963
10,693
11,102
11,737
60.7
60.2
64.5
66.1
67.1
8,552
8,508
9,068
9,808
10,350
869
1,310
1,476
1,205
1,281
9.1
13.1
13.8
10.9
10.9
13,141
13,632
13,610
13,879
14,389
6,965
7,187
7,477
7,739
8,230
53.0
52.7
54.9
55.8
57.2
6,473
6,488
6,740
7,040
7,480
492
699
737
699
750
7.1
9.7
9.9
9.0
9.1
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
18,261
18,821
19,553
20,287
21,105
12,246
12,552
13,287
14,059
15,006
67.1
66.7
68.0
69.3
70.9
10,130
10,582
11,189
12,186
13,108
1,994
1,885
1,996
1,792
1,787
16.4
15.1
15.1
12.8
12.0
14,855
15,409
16,078
16,891
17,564
8,433
9,083
9,470
10,222
11,066
56.8
58.9
58.9
60.5
62.7
7,382
8,024
8,336
9^092
9,940
1,051
1,059
1,134
l!l3 1
1,066
12.5
11.7
12.0
11.1
9.7
1947..............................
1948..............................
1949..............................
33,389
34,289
35,323
30,927
31,713
32,559
92.6
92.5
92.2
29,865
30,563
31,101
837
(3
)
1,115
2.7
3.4
33,458
34,289
35,323
6,676
7,553
7,959
20.0
22.0
22.5
6,502
7,369
7,637
174
184
322
2.6
2.4
4.0
1950..............................
1951..............................
1952..............................
1953..............................
1954..............................
35,925
35,998
36,510
37,106
37,346
32,912
32,998
33,482
33,950
34,153
91.6
91.7
91.7
91.5
91.5
30,938
31,968
32,222
32,540
32,139
1,503
480
464
564
1,328
4.6
1.5
1.4
1.7
3.9
35,925
35,998
36,510
37,106
37,346
8,550
9,086
9,222
9,763
9,923
23.8
25.2
25.3
26.3
26.6
8,038
8,750
8,946
9,525
9,388
512
336
266
236
535
6.0
3.7
2.9
2.4
5.4
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
37,570
38,306
38,940
39,182
39,529
34,064
34,855
35,280
35,327
35,437
90.7
91.0
90.6
90.2
89.6
32,207
33,046
33,536
32,283
32,928
1,171
1,016
1,024
2,267
1,583
3.4
2.9
2.9
6.4
4.5
37,570
38,306
38,940
39,182
39,529
10,423
11,126
11,529
11,826
12,205
27.7
29.0
29.6
30.2
30.9
10,021
10,676
11,036
10,993
11,516
402
450
493
833
689
3.9
4.0
4.3
7.0
5.6
1960..............................
1961..............................
1962..............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
40,205
40,524
41,218
41,705
42,045
35,757
36,201
36,396
36,740
36,898
88.9
89.3
88.3
88.1
87.8
33,179
33,080
33,883
34,305
34,667
1,564
2,137
1,605
1,567
1,310
4.4
5.9
4.4
4.3
3.6
40,205
40,524
41,218
41,705
42,045
12,253
13,266
13,485
14,061
14,461
30.5
32.7
32.7
33.7
34.4
11,587
12,337
12,716
13,303
13,626
666
929
769
758
835
5.4
7.0
5.7
5.4
5.8
—
MARRIED, SP O U SE
P R ESEN T
See footnotes at end of table.
108
—
Table 53. Employment status of the population by marital status and sex, March,1 1947-79—
Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Females
Males
Labor force
Labor force
Marital status and year
Number
Percent
of
popula
tion
Em
ployed
Unemployed
Total
Unemployed
Total
Popula
tion3
Number
Percent
of labor
force
Popula
tion3
Number
Percent
of
popula
tion
Em
ployed
Number
Percent
of labor
force
MARRIED, SPO USE
P R ESEN T— Continued
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
42,367
42,826
43,225
43,947
44,440
37,140
37,346
37,588
38,225
38,623
87.7
87.2
87.0
87.0
86.9
35,185
35,685
35,963
36,552
37,065
1,088
888
790
787
662
2.9
2.4
2.1
2.1
1.7
42,367
42,826
43,225
43,947
44,440
14,708
15,178
15,908
16,821
17,595
34.7
35.4
36.8
38.3
39.6
13,959
14,623
15,189
16,199
16,947
749
555
719
622
648
5.1
3.7
4.5
3.7
3.7
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972......... ....................
1973..............................
1974...............................
45,055
45,443
46,400
46,939
47,324
39,138
39,058
39,654
39,782
39,718
86.9
85.9
85.5
84.8
83.9
37,103
36,620
37,311
37,822
37,681
1,020
1,441
1,326
1,110
1,125
2.6
3.7
3.3
2.8
2.8
45,055
45,443
46,400
46,939
47,324
18,377
18,530
19,249
19,821
20,367
40.8
40.8
41.5
42.2
43.0
17,497
17,445
18,217
18,908
19,406
880
1,085
1,032
913
961
4.8
5.9
5.4
4.6
4.7
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
47,649
47,865
48,002
47,920
48,255
39,609
39,444
39,491
39,237
39,419
83.1
82.4
82.3
81.9
81.7
36,308
36,735
36,987
37,118
37,514
2,377
1,940
1,717
1,389
1,243
6.1
5.0
4.4
3.6
3.2
47,623
47,852
47,984
47,906
48,239
21,143
21,554
22,377
22,789
23,832
44.4
45.0
46.6
47.6
49.4
19,342
20,023
20,854
21,614
22,620
1,801
1,530
1,523
1,175
1,212
8.5
7.1
6.8
5.2
5.1
1947..............................
1948..............................
1949..............................
4,201
4,204
4,174
2,760
2,689
2,545
65.7
64.0
61.0
2,546
2,539
2,314
211
(3)
227
7.6
8.9
9,270
9,452
9,505
3,466
3,659
3,526
37.4
38.7
37.1
3,309
3,463
3,324
157
196
202
4.5
5.4
5.7
1950..............................
1951..............................
1952..............................
1953..............................
1954..............................
4,149
4,438
4,186
4,678
4,947
2,616
2,754
2,602
3,060
3,081
63.1
62.1
62.2
65.4
62.3
2,301
2,616
2,422
2,870
2,755
311
121
140
150
318
11.9
4.4
5.4
4.9
10.3
9,584
10,410
10,456
11,060
11,153
3,624
4,086
4,058
4,319
4,391
37.8
39.2
38.8
39.0
39.4
3,364
3,910
3,928
4,205
4,120
260
176
130
112
269
7.2
4.3
3.2
2.6
6.1
1955..............................
1956..............................
1957..............................
1958..............................
1959..............................
4,902
4,922
4,776
4,949
4,961
2,976
3,001
2,795
2,903
2,967
60.7
61.0
58.5
58.7
59.8
2,699
2,737
2,571
2,524
2,651
269
246
211
354
305
9.0
8.2
7.5
12.2
10.3
11,718
11,543
11,436
11,780
12,148
4,643
4,549
4,617
4,810
5,009
39.6
39.4
40.4
40.8
41.2
4,398
4,300
4,417
4,474
4,637
245
249
200
336
372
5.3
5.5
4.3
7.0
7.4
1960..............................
1961..............................
1962..............................
1963..............................
1964..............................
4,794
4,828
5,203
5,174
5,205
2,845
2,829
2,989
2,932
2,933
59.3
58.6
57.4
56.7
56.3
2,542
2,490
2,629
2,598
2,635
279
326
355
322
286
9.8
11.5
11.9
11.0
9.8
12,150
12,559
12,814
12,995
13,326
4,861
5,270
5,012
5,000
5,157
40.0
42.0
39.1
38.5
38.7
4,553
4,841
4,681
4,665
4,794
308
429
331
335
363
6.3
8.1
6.6
6.7
7.0
1965..............................
1966..............................
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
5,438
5,278
5,512
5,278
5,501
3,032
2,959
3,025
2,816
2,977
55.8
56.1
54.9
53.4
54.1
2,724
2,794
2,817
2,682
2,842
297
160
190
124
124
9.8
5.4
6.3
4.4
4.2
13,717
14,021
14,521
14,351
14,791
5,332
5,536
5,722
5,600
5,802
38.9
39.5
39.4
39.0
39.2
5,044
5,278
5,471
5,325
5,573
288
258
251
275
229
5.4
4.7
4.4
4.9
3.9
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
5,416
.5,688
5,299
5,620
5,942
2,938
3,129
3,322
3,515
3,916
54.2
55.0
62.7
62.5
65.9
2,724
2,850
3,023
3,265
3,647
192
257
274
210
229
6.5
8.2
8.2
6.0
5.8
15,065
15,505
15,496
16,032
16,418
5,891
5,964
6,213
6,344
6,723
39.1
38.5
40.1
39.6
40.9
5,611
5,582
5,838
5,977
6,313
280
382
375
367
410
4.8
6.4
6.0
5.8
6.1
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
1979..............................
6,165
6,574
6,986
7,481
7,534
4,037
4,164
4,569
5,042
5,006
65.5
63.3
65.1
67.1
66.2
3,451
3,607
4,011
4,561
4,615
551
498
492
419
343
13.8
12.1
10.9
8.4
6.9
16,976
17,573
17,997
18,577
18,884
6,919
7,181
7,526
7,960
8,133
40.8
40.9
41.8
42.8
43.1
6,304
6,562
6,844
7,393
7,590
616
619
683
566
543
8.9
8.6
9.1
7.1
6.7
WIDOWED, DIVORCED,
OR S E P A R A T E D
1 Data for the years 1947-49 and 1951-55 were collected in April.
3 Data relate to the civilian population (including institutional) 14 years and
over until 1967, 16 and over beginning 1967; beginning 1972, data relate to
the civilian noninstitutional population. Male members of the Armed Forces
—
living off post or with their families on post are included in the male popula
tion and labor force figures.
3 Not available.
109
Table 54. Employment status of widowed, divorced, or separated persons by sex, March, 1970-79
[Numbers in thousands]
Males
Females
Labor force
Labor force
Total
Marital status and year
Popu
lation 1
Unemployed
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
popu
lation
Em
ployed
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
labor
force
Unemployed
Total
Popu
lation 1
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
popu
lation
Em
ployed
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
labor
force
WIDOWED
1970........... ................................................................
1971...........................................................................
1972...........................................................................
1973...........................................................................
1974...........................................................................
2,110
1,995
1,834
1,924
1,854
673
573
598
607
642
31.9
28.7
32.6
31.5
34.6
624
552
570
586
618
48
21
27
20
24
7.1
3.7
4.5
3.3
3.7
9,640
9,788
9.601
9,854
9,814
2,542
2,516
2,570
2,484
2,434
26.4
25.7
26.8
25.2
24.8
2,463
2,423
2,488
2,394
2,319
79
93
82
90
115
3.1
3.7
3.2
3.6
4.7
1975.................................... .......................................
1976...........................................................................
1977...........................................................................
1978...........................................................................
1979...........................................................................
1,786
1,793
1,887
1,861
1,945
608
539
571
569
570
34.0
30.1
30.3
30.6
29.3
550
489
527
534
547
57
50
45
32
23
9.4
9.2
7.8
5.7
4.0
9,986
10,020
10,024
10,147
14,450
2,385
2,233
2,251
2,269
2,358
23.9
22.3
22.5
22.4
22.6
2,253
2,097
2,108
2,159
2,235
132
137
143
110
123
5.5
6.1
6.3
4.9
5.2
1970...........................................................................
1971...........................................................................
1972...........................................................................
1973...........................................................................
1974...........................................................................
1,577
1,829
1,781
1,963
2,335
1,200
1,317
1,417
1,538
1,869
76.1
72.0
79.6
78.4
80.0
1,117
1,195
1,283
1,425
1,737
74
115
122
103
121
6.2
8.7
8.6
6.7
6.5
2,695
2,829
3,055
3,276
3,629
1,927
1,992
2,143
2,338
2,647
71.5
70.4
70.1
71.4
72.9
1,823
1,852
2,022
2,216
2,521
104
140
121
122
126
5.4
7.0
5.6
5.2
4.7
1975...........................................................................
1976...........................................................................
1977...........................................................................
1978...........................................................................
1979...........................................................................
2,541
2,783
3,172
3,384
3,472
1,968
2,157
2,521
2,737
2,812
77.5
77.5
79.5
80.9
80.9
1,687
1,885
2,232
2,498
2,598
266
258
264
213
191
13.6
12.0
10.6
7.8
6.8
3,996
4,408
4,863
5,257
5,359
2,881
3,146
3,561
3,888
3,967
72.1
71.4
73.2
74.0
74.0
2,635
2,912
3,258
3,625
3,723
• 246
235
303
263
243
8.5
7.5
8.5
6.8
6.1
1970.............................................................. .............
1971...........................................................................
1972...........................................................................
1973...........................................................................
1974...........................................................................
1,729
1,864
1,684
1,733
1,753
1,065
1,239
1,307
1,370
1,405
61.6
66.5
77.6
79.1
80.1
983
1,103
1,170
1,254
1,292
70
121
125
87
84
6.6
9.8
9.6
6.4
6.0
2,730
2,888
2,840
2,902
2,975
1,422
1,456
1,500
1,522
1,642
52.1
50.4
52.8
52.4
55.2
1,325
1,307
1,328
1,367
1,473
97
149
172
155
169
6.8
10.2
11.5
10.2
10.3
1975...........................................................................
1976...........................................................................
1977...........................................................................
1978...........................................................................
1979...........................................................................
1,838
1,998
1,927
2,236
2,117
1,458
1,468
1,476
1,738
1,626
79.3
73.8
76.6
77.7
76.5
1,213
1,233
1,252
1,529
1,470
228
190
184
174
129
15.8
13.4
12.8
10.2
8.1
2,994
3,145
3,110
3,173
3,075
1,653
1,801
1,715
1,802
1,808
55.2
57.3
55.1
56.8
58.8
1,415
1,553
1,477
1,609
1,631
238
247
237
193
177
14.4
13.7
13.8
10.7
9.8
DIVORCED
SE P A R A T E D
population. Male members of the Armed Forces living off post or with their
families on post are included in the male population and labor force figures.
1 Data relate to the civilian population (including institutional) 16 years and
over for 1970-71; beginning 1972, data relate to the civilian noninstitutional
110
Table 55. Labor force participation rates 1 by marital status, sex, and age, March, 2 1947-79
Females
Males
Marital status and year
45 to
Total,
16
16 to 20 to 25 to 35 to
34
44
19
24
years
and years years years years Total
over
64 years
45
to
54
55
to
64
45 to
Total,
65
16 to 20 to 25 to 35 to
16
years
44
34
24
19
years
and
years years years years Total
over and
over
64 years
45
to
54
55
to
64
65
years
and
over
SINGLE
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
22.7
23.2
24.3
70.6
65.0
71.9
68.3
70.8
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
78.5 63.1
72.9 62.7
76.9 61.1
23.8
18.9
16.4
23.2
17.3
81.2
78.5
81.9
79.1
81.8
74.8
70.1
72.9
72.4
71.1
79.4
74.7
78.0
77.3
74.4
69.1
63.8
66.7
66.1
66.1
26.0
24.3
24.5
26.7
20.3
79.9
79.9
79.8
81.4
87.2
79.7
77.5
77.3
82.5
83.0
75.1
76.0
71.0
73.7
71.3
80.6
81.8
74.1
79.2
75.0
67.0
68.6
67.2
67.6
67.0
21.6
20.8
17.3
16.9
19.2
72.3
72.6
70.3
68.7
69.4
83.4
80.9
80.9
79.8
80.9
77.0
75.4
74.5
77.2
72.3
71.8
69.7
67.8
70.0
67.9
75.7
73.6
72.2
74.9
72.8
68.1
65.6
63.2
64.8
62.8
21.3
18.0
17.3
18.2
18.4
39.5
39.6
41.9
43.6
45.6
71.1
69.1
69.9
70.6
71.5
80.7
77.6
84.7
81.7
81.8
73.3
72.8
71.5
73.8
72.5
67.8
69.4
71.0
70.0
70.7
72.3
74.1
73.0
73.9
77.7
63.7
65.2
69.1
66.5
64.3
17.6
17.4
19.0
17.1
14.6
56.8
58.9
58.9
60.5
62.7
45.3
46.1
47.2
48.5
50.7
69.3
72.6
70.9
72.2
74.6
80.4
84.5
83.6
82.3
83.2
78.1
76.4
73.2
77.7
77.1
68.6
70.8*
69.6
67.8
67.7
76.5
76.7
74.7
74.0
74.0
60.2
64.5
64.4
61.4
61.1
16.0
16.7
15.8
17.0
14.9
54.5
(3)
51.9
20.0
22.0
22.5
(3)
21.2
18.Q
(3)
24.9
24.5
19.3
22.2
22.7
25.8
27.3
28.5
18.4
19.4
20.6
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
4.1
6.1
5.2
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
97.1 89.3
97.6 91.0
97.8 90.9
53.4
50.9
47.8
46.2
47.1
23.8
25.2
25.3
26.3
26.6
24.0
17.6
21.9
20.8
20.9
28.5
29.1
25.8
28.2
25.6
23.8
25.6
25.4
25.2
26.3
28.5
30.5
31.7
33.6
33.1
21.8
23.7
24.1
25.7
26.9
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
29.0 16.9
30.8 17.6
31.0 20.7
6.4
6.5
5.9
6.0
5.4
93.8
94.6
94.4
94.0
94.0
97.4
97.8
97.6
97.2
97.3
88.8
90.1
90.1
89.4
89.3
44.2
44.8
42.4
40.6
38.2
27.7
29.0
29.6
30.2
30.9
19.8
27.6
24.0
25.9
28.1
29.4
30.9
30.2
30.7
30.6
26.0
26.3
27.1
27.4
28.5
33.7
34.3
35.7
36.7
36.9
29.0 '33.9 21.3
31.5 36.5 23.5
32.2 37.2 24.6
32.6 38.2 23.8
33.9 40.3 24.0
7.5
7.8
6.3
6.7
6.4
98.4
98.6
98.6
98.9
98.4
93.0
93.7
93.6
93.6
93.2
96.6
97.0
97.1
97.3
97.4
87.9
89.1
88.8
88.4
87.4
37.1
37.6
35.0
32.3
31.0
30.5
32.7
32.7
33.7
34.4
25.3
27.8
27.5
29.8
31.1
30.0
32.4
31.6
33.2
36.6
27.7
29.2
29.4
30.0
30.6
36.2
38.4
39.0
39.8
39.4
34.2
37.3
37.2
38.9
39.5
40.5
42.4
42.5
44.4
44.8
24.3
29.3
25L0
30.4
31.3
5.9
7.3
7.6
6.4
7.6
98.2
98.1
98.2
92.8
92.5
92.1
96.8 87.1
96.6 86.7
96.6 86.0
31.1
29.8
28.8
34.7
35.4
36.8
27.0
34.3
31.5
35.6
38.1
41.1
32.1
32.5
35.0
40.6
41.3
42.7
39.0
39.5
40.4
44.0
44.9
44.9
31.4
31.3
33.5
7.6
6.8
6.6
42.1
51.2
51.1
50.9
(3)
29.3
28.8
(3)
78.8
75.8
78.2
81.8
81.0
79.4
78.1
80.4
66.3
61.6
66.8
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
85.0 66.2
78.1 70.8
84.1 78.6
41.0
36.8
28.2
30.2
28.9
50.5
49.6
50.0
48.5
49.0
26.3
28.4
28.0
27.4
27.5
74.9
75.6
75.9
76.2
77.2
84.6
82.0
83.0
81.3
88.7
83.6
81.7
78.4
77.3
77.0
88.8
82.0
83.1
83.7
79.7
83.6
67.9
68.9
72.1
69.6
31.6
25.9
26.8
28.9
25.3
46.4
46.4
46.8
45.4
43.4
24.6
24.7
26.8
24.7
24.0
69.6
72.2
74.6
72.9
72.7
80.9
85.5
79.5
80.1
76.4
85.3
88.2
80.3
81.0
82.8
74.4 77.5
77.5 82.6
73.4 76.0
72.6 75.7
73.9 81.4
69.7
69.0
70.0
69.0
64.5
24.3
23.0
24.8
18.2
20.3
44.1
44.4
41.7
41.0
40.9
25.3
26.1
25.0
23.6
23.5
73.4
76.5
70.9
71.9
74.0
85.3
85.1
85.7
85.2
84.0
84.6
84.8
84.6
80.8
79.2
72.0
67.6
69.3
67.9
69.2
78.5 65.1
71.6 63.0
76.6 61.8
74.8 57.3
76.6 57.8
18.115.7
16.2
15.4
18.7
40.5
40.8
50.7
51.3
51.2
23.6
25.5
37.2
37.4
37.1
69.0
68.5
73.3
75.5
75.5
86.2
84.4
87.5
87.8
87.4
82.3
79.3
86.2
89.4
87.7
66.6
69.6
71.6
73.2
74.1
71.5 60.2
76.8 57.9
81.2 58.6
78.4 66.9
79.6 67.3
21.0
21.4
24.6
19.6
15.4
53.0
52.7
54.9
55.8
57.2
52.7
52.2
53.7
55.2
56.3
76.7
75.4
77.7
78.4
79.3
88.2
87.0
89.2
87.8
89.3
87.7
85.5
82.2
84.2
85.1
70.3
70.5
67.7
70.5
72.9
78.1
75.8
71.9
79.0
80.2
60.9
64.3
63.1
58.0
62.4
20.6
19.2
20.5
20.2
21.5
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
94.9
97.7
(3)
97.7
98.8 95.0
(3)
(3)
98.7 94.3
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
1950.........................................................
1951.........................................................
1952.........................................................
1953.........................................................
1954........................................................
91.6 92.6
91.7 96.7
91.7 97.0
91.5 100.0
91.5 91.6
94.5
95.6
97.9
96.1
98.0
97.0
98.2
99.0
98.7
98.9
98.8
98.4
98.8
98.8
99.0
92.8
93.5
93.8
94.9
94.9
1955.........................................................
1956........................................................
1957.........................................................
1958.........................................................
1959.........................................................
90.7
91.0
90.6
90.2
89.6
98.8
95.5
97.9
95.5
95.7
94.5
95.5
95.9
96.6
95.6
98.8
98.7
98.7
98.7
98.6
98.8
99.2
98.7
98.7
98.9
1960.........................................................
1961.........................................................
1962........................................................
1963.........................................................
1964.........................................................
88.9
89.3
88.3
88.1
87.8
96.0
98.3
95.2
97.8
95.3
97.5
97.4
96.0
96.5
96.7
98.6
99.0
98.7
98.6
98.5
1965.........................................................
1966.........................................................
1967.........................................................
87.7
87.2
87.0
94.3
91.5
93.8
96.6
96.9
96.6
98.5
98.6
98.5
(3)
(3)
85.0
85.5
79.1
(3)
(3)
40.2
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
77.1
86.6
85.1
75.1
(3)
(3)
(3)
42.1
42.7
40.7
41.7
40.8
78.7
77.1
79.2
75.5
78.6
84.1
84.3
86.8
86.1
89.2
83.6
83.0
83.7
81.0
83.2
74.1
78.5
76.6
74.8
81.8
61.2
59.8
57.9
57.0
57.0
39.4
39.2
38.9
36.0
36.5
76.5
75.9
73.2
73.9
75.3
89.1
89.7
86.5
87.5
88.2
82.2
85.4
82.9
82.8
85.1
86.7
76.3
77.0
78.1
75.3
1960.........................................................
1961.........................................................
1962.........................................................
1963.............................................. ..........
1964.........................................................
55.5
55.6
51.7
50.5
50.8
34.4
34.3
32.4
31.7
33.0
76.6
76.3
73.9
74.1
70.6
85.3
87.5
87.0
85.5
83.6
1965.........................................................
1966.........................................................
1967.........................................................
1968.........................................................
1969.........................................................
50.3
49.7
59.7
59.6
59.1
32.0
34.5
46.6
46.7
46.9
72.3
69.0
69.8
67.7
67.5
1970.........................................................
1971.........................................................
1972.........................................................
1973.........................................................
1974.........................................................
60.7
60.2
64.5
66.1
67.1
49.0
47.0
51.1
52.6
54.1
1975.........................................................
1976.........................................................
1977.........................................................
1978.........................................................
1979.........................................................
67.1
66.7
68.0
69.2
70.9
1947.........................................................
1948.........................................................
1949.........................................................
92.6
92.5
92.2
1947.........................................................
1948........................................................
1949........................................................
63.5
64.1
64.2
45.3
1950.........................................................
1951.........................................................
1952.........................................................
1953.........................................................
1954.........................................................
62.6
61.9
60.9
60.2
60.9
1955.........................................................
1956.........................................................
1957........................................................
1958.........................................................
1959.........................................................
MARRIED, SP O U SE P R ESEN T
See footnotes at end of table.
111
Table 55. Labor force participation rates 1 by marital status, sex, and age, M arch,2 1947-79
Continued
Females
Males
Marital status and year
45 to
Total,
16
16 to 20 to 25 to 35 to
34
years
19
24
44
and years years years years Total
over
64 years
45
to
54
55
to
64
45 to
Total,
65
16
16 to 20 to 25 to 35 to
years
24
34
44
19
years
and
and years years years years Total
over
over
64 years
45
to
54
55
to
64
65
years
and
over
MARRIED, SP O U SE P R E SE N T —
Continued
1968.............................................. .......... 87.0
1969......................................................... 86.9
94.7
95.6
95.3
95.0
98.5
98.3
98.4
98.2
92.2
91.6
96.3
95.9
86.8
86.0
29.6
30.9
38.3
39.6
36.3
35.4
42.7
47.9
36.6
36.9
43.9
45.4
42.2
43.1
46.9
48.2
35.1
35.4
6.5
7.6
1970....... ................................................
1971.........................................................
1972.........................................................
1973.........................................................
1974.........................................................
86.9
85.9
85.5
84.8
83.9
95.5
90.9
93.5
96.4
93.5
95.0
94.8
95.2
95.1
95.4
98.2
97.8
98.0
97.4
97.6
98.1
97.9
97.9
97.5
97.6
91.6
91.2
90.6
89.0
88.5
96.1
96.0
95.3
94.8
94.2
85.7
85.1
84.5
81.5
81.1
30.2
27.8
26.6
26.0
24.1
40.8
40.8
41.5
42.2
43.0
36.0
37.0
39.0
42.2
44.3
47.4
47.0
48.5
52.9
54.0
39.3
39.9
41.3
44.1
46.1
47.2
47.6
48.6
49.3
50.1
44.1
44.0
44.2
42.9
43.5
49.5
48.9
50.5
48.2
49.6
35.8
36.7
35.4
35.3
34.9
7.9
7.3
7.3
6.5
6.7
1975......................................................... 83.1
1976......................................................... 82.4
1977......................................................... 82.3
1978......................................................... 81.9
1979........... ............................................. 81.7
92.5
95.1
95.5
98.4
98.7
95.1
95.1
96.2
96.1
96.5
97.3
97.6
97.2
97.6
97.5
97.1
96.8
97.4
97.2
97.3
87.1
85.8
85.4
84.8
84.7
93.9
93.3
93.2
93.3
93.6
78.9
76.9
76.4
75.1
75.1
23.7
22.4
20.9
21.0
21.5
44.4
45.0
46.6
47.6
49.4
45.9
44.8
49.7
45.0
51.2
57.1
55.3
59.8
58.7
61.2
48.3
49.8
52.2
55.2
57.0
52.0
54.3
56.0
57.6
60.3
44.1
44.3
45.0
45.6
46.8
50.2
50.1
51.8
52.8
54.5
35.7
36.4
36.1
36.4
37.4
7.2
7.2
7.0
6.5
7.9
(3)
(3)
(3)
32.8
(3)
32.2
37.4
38.7
37.1
(3)
41.0
39.7
(3)
57.9
47.6
63.8
64.7
59.2
67.6
67.9
68.4
45.4
48.9
46.7
WIDOWED, DIVORCED, O R
SE P A R A T E D
(3)
(3)
(3)
7.6
8.5
8.6
50.2
51.5
49.6
52.4
52.0
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
61.5 39.5
64.7 42.6
61.8 44.6
8.8
9.2
8.2
9.1
9.8
64.6
66.8
69.4
69.9
65.7
53.3
55.8
56.0
58.3
60.3
64.1
63.0
66.4
68.2
68.6
45.1
50.6
47.8
50.9
53.9
10.7
10.2
12.3
11.2
11.0
55.5
61.5
57.5
56.5
60.3
67.4
72.2
63.3
66.8
63.7
58.3
59.7
60.2
59.1
60.4
68.2
69.9
71.0
67.8
70.2
50.7
51.5
52.0
52.5
53.1
11.0
12.0
11.2
9.8
10.3
58.6
55.3
60.9
62.0
62.9
62.8
58.5
62.4
61.1
63.5
65.0
67.2
68.9
68.8
66.4
59.8
61.3
60.2
60.4
60.8
67.9
69.0
69.1
69.2
68.5
53.3
55.4
53.5
54.1
55.0
10.0
10.7
9.6
9.4
10.2
46.5
44.1
44.6
38.1
46.9
59.7
59.9
57.6
57.6
66.1
65.1
60.9
62.1
64.0
68.2
67.9
67.9
71.7
70.7
69.0
60.7
60.2
61.1
60.0
61.2
69.1
68.4
69.1
70.0
69.6
54.6
53.9
54.9
52.4
54.5
9.9
8.9
9.8
9.1
8.5
41.7
55.1
49.8
48.6
60.6
67.9
64.6
62.5
68.7
73.3
67.4
72.0
75.6
75.4
74.9
69.5
71.2
72.6
75.3
73.4
60.6
58.2
57.8
58.5
60.4
69.5
67.2
68.9
68.1
70.4
53.4
51.2
49.1
51.1
52.6
8.1
8.4
8.6
8.7
8.5
1947.........................................................
1948........................................................
1949........................................................
65.7
64.0
60.9
(3)
(3)
(4)
(3)
(3)
69.9
85.2
(3)
78.0
89.6 78.8
(3)
(3)
87.1 74.9
1950.................................................. ......
1951........................................................
1952.........................................................
1953.........................................................
1954.........................................................
63.0
62.1
62.2
65.4
62.3
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
75.0
81.7
78.2
(6)
82.2
83.8
81.8
81.1
82.9
76.3
83.4
87.4
88.2
92.1
90.6
83.1
77.8
79.0
84.2
78.8
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
79.1 78.9
89.6 79.9
83.7 74.4
30.2
27.6
27.3
29.2
22.7
37.8
39.3
38.8
39.1
39.4
(3)
39.1
41.0
47.8
48.6
45.5
45.3
59.0
52.9
47.6
62.3
58.7
63.0
61.2
62.7
65.4
69.0
68.7
67.2
69.3
1955.........................................................
1956.........................................................
1957.........................................................
1958.........................................................
1959........................................................
60.7
61.0
58.5
58.7
59.8
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(6)
82.8
85.8
77.2
69.2
80.9
79.7
81.2
79.0
89.0
83.5
86.5
86.8
87.1
87.1
78.6
78.0
76.3
77.3
77.2
85.6
80.5
82.8
80.5
82.8
72.7
75.3
69.7
74.5
72.4
26.4
27.2
24.5
23.0
20.8
39.6
39.4
40.4
40.8
41.2
37.3
35.3
35.5
31.8
34.5
55.1
49.5
53.1
59.6
57.6
60.5
60.6
62.1
62.6
61.4
1960........................................................
1961.........................................................
1962.........................................................
1963........................................................
1964........................................................
59.3
58.6
57.4
56.7
56.3
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
88.6
81.0
70.7
71.8
79.7
82.3
81.3
80.8
79.0
82.9
84.1
81.6
85.0
82.4
81.5
78.1
78.2
77.4
77.2
77.3
84.3
83.1
82.6
83.4
82.6
72.6
73.1
71.7
70.6
71.8
18.2
21.2
16.7
16.3
17.1.
40.0
42.0
39.1
38.5
38.7
37.3
42.3
34.0
36.6
28.7
54.6
58.5
54.7
58.1
50.3
1965.........................................................
1966........................................................
1967........................................................
1968.........................................................
1969.........................................................
55.8
56.1
54.9
53.6
54.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
65.0
85.6
78.4
68.4
72.9
79.0
82.4
81.0
81.9
80.7
82.1
84.6
82.6
85.4
82.5
77.2
75.3
74.6
72.4
73.6
81.6
80.5
81.4
80.7
85.1
72.6
70.9
68.0
64.0
60.1
18.8
14.8
15.2
14.0
14.9
38.9
39.5
39.4
39.0
39.2
35.2
45.0
41.1
51.1
51.8
1970.........................................................
1971.........................................................
1972.........................................................
1973.........................................................
1974.........................................................
54.2
55.0
62.7
62.5
65.9
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
73.2
84.6
88.4
90.3
92.1
74.5
83.9
91.5
90.6
93.5
80.6
80.6
91.0
91.0
92.1
75.9
71.0
73.9
76.3
74.9
83.6
77.8
83.6
86.3
84.3
67.8
63.7
64.4
66.5
65.7
16.5
13.0
17.0
14.1
15.5
39.1
38.5
40.1
39.6
40.9
1 9 7 5 ........................................................
1976.........................................................
1977.................... ....................................
1978.........................................................
1979.........................................................
65.5
63.3
65.4
67.4
66.4
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
84.8
93.2
93.7
88.2
87.0
92.7
89.9
93.1
93.0
92.1
89.9
89.3
90.5
92.2
94.4
70.3 81.2
69.7 77.5
74.0 81.8
74.0 84.3
73.2 84.2
59.8
61.4
65.6
62.5
61.1
18.2
13.6
12.4
14.1
13.5
40.8
40.9
41.8
42.8
43.1
1 Percent of population in the labor force. See footnote 2, table 53.
2 See footnote 1, table 53.
3 Not available.
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
4 For years prior to 1967, percent not shown where base is less than
100,000; for 1967 forward, percent not shown where base is less than
75,000.
112
Table 56. Labor force participation rates 1 of widowed, divorced, or separated persons by sex and
age, March, 1970-79
Females
Males
Marital status and
year
45 to 64 years
16 to
19
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
65
years
and
over
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
75.5
74.3
72.5
72.0
71.6
85.2
83.6
83.7
80.9
82.8
70.2
69.3
66.9
68.7
66.3
13.6
10.9
15.4
12.8
14.2
74.1
75.5
82.1
86.2
82.9
61.7
57.8
61.2
56.1
55.5
16.2
13.4
11.7
13.4
11.5
Total
45 to 64 years
16 to
19.
years
20 to
24
years
25 to
34
years
35 to
44
years
(2)
45.1
52.7
43.5
53.4
65
years
and
over
Total
45 to
54
years
55 to
64
years
60.3
60.1
66.0
59.9
50.5
56.7
56.9
56.8
55.3
55.7
65.9
67.6
65.1
65.7
64.3
52.4
52.0
52.8
50.7
51.8
9.5
8.5
9.2
8.3
8.2
48.5
51.0
59.9
66.6
54.4
57.0
64.1
68.9
68.8
52.9
54.5
51.0
50.4
51.1
54.2
62.5
61.8
62.9
62.1
66.0
50.2
46.3
45.3
46.4
49.0
7.7
7.7
8.0
8.0
7.8
66.0
74.3
66.7
66.2
79.5
81.0
76.4
73.5
77.4
77.6
79.5
79.9
82.3
82.5
81.7
73.5
73.2
74.2
74.4
76.4
82.1
76.8
80.7
81.3
81.4
62.1
67.5
63.7
62.9
67.8
20.1
21.3
20.3
18.8
17.2
76.8
78.2
82.3
81.7
81.7
80.5
78.8
81.2
82.6
82.7
74.8
73.3
72.7
73.4
72.9
79.9
76.9
79.3
78.2
78.8
67.1
67.8
62.5
66.9
64.9
15.2
19.2
17.9
20.4
17.1
W ID O W ED
1 9 7 0 .....................
197 1 .....................
1972 .....................
1973 .....................
197 4 .....................
197 5 .....................
19 7 6 .....................
19 7 7 .....................
19 7 8 .....................
1979 .....................
(2)
(2)
( 2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
( 2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
( 2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
( 2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
87.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
65.6
63.7
69.1
67.0
65.7
( 2)
( 2)
(2)
94.0
86.0
92.7
89.9
81.5
88.3
92.5
91.8
94.1
86.8
83.1
92.7
92.3
91.5
81.8
71.0
73.8
75.0
75.0
88.0
77.7
85.1
86.0
84.9
72.0
60.7
60.1
59.3
61.5
26.9
22.3
28.8
18.6
20.2
87.6
94.4
91.9
92.8
86.7
92.7
91.5
95.3
93.7
93.2
90.0
89.0
91.4
92.6
94.5
70.4
73.4
75.2
74.2
76.4
82.7
81.9
81.9
84.8
84.7
54.4
62.5
66.6
61.6
64.8
24.9
13.1
11.5
20.0
17.5
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
80.3
72.3
72.5
76.7
85.8
66.0
79.3
89.7
88.2
93.7
68.0
78.4
90.3
88.8
92.0
73.0
76.9
90.0
90.4
93.4
69.3
67.5
75.4
82.2
77.8
76.8
74.3
81.6
88.9
84.1
59.9
59.5
67.1
72.9
70.7
21.7
17.1
18.9
19.0
19.4
43.6
44.7
41.4
37.5
42.9
57.3
53.0
54.3
54.4
59.1
52.7
48.6
52.9
54.4
59.7
57.4
57.2
61.5
61.5
61.7
57.3
54.7
58.1
56.0
57.1
60.3
58.6
59.5
60.4
60.3
53.1
48.4
55.9
50.0
52.1
9.1
7.1
12.6
20.0
4.1
82.0
92.2
94.8
83.8
87.3
92.8
87.5
89.8
91.4
89.9
91.6
89.7
88.8
92.2
93.4
70.3
68.5
76.0
78.2
73.9
82.7
71.6
81.6
82.9
83.9
65.6
64.2
69.0
71.5
61.5
23.4
15.3
17.2
11.6
19.2
38.2
55.1
47.7
44.2
54.1
61.2
59.4
55.9
63.1
64.3
58.0
65.6
67.3
65.3
65.5
59.4
62.1
57.9
64.0
63.2
60.1
56.6
53.3
54.2
57.2
65.7
59.6
58.1
59.5
62.1
50.5
52.1
46.5
46.0
48.3
8.7
13.0
11.3
10.1
16.0
( 2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2
)
D IV O R C ED
197 0 ......................
197 1 ......................
19 7 2 ......................
19 7 3 ......................
1 9 7 4 ......................
197 5 ......................
1976 ......................
1 9 7 7 ......................
197 8 ......................
197 9 ......................
(2)
( 2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
SEPAR ATED
1970 .....................
197 1 ......................
197 2 ..................... 1
197 3 ......................
197 4 ..................... J
(2)
(2)
197 5 ......................
197 6 ......................
197 7 ......................
1978 ......................
197 9 ......................
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
1 Percent of population in the labor force. See footnote 1, table 54.
2 Percent not shown where base is less than 75,000.
113
Table 57. Labor force and labor force participation rates 1 of married women, spouse present by
presence and age of children, March,1 1948-79
Item
Total
No
chil
dren
under
18
years
Chil
dren
6 to
17
years
only
Total
chil
dren
under
6
years
Item
NUM BER IN LA B O R F O R C E
Total
No
chil
dren
under
18
years
Chil
dren
6 to
17
years
only
Total
chil
dren
under
6
years
LA B O R F O R C E PARTICIPATION
RATE2
(thousands)
1948.
1949.
7,553
7,959
4,400
4,544
1,927
2,130
1,226
1,285
1948...........................................................
1949...........................................................
22.0
22.5
28.4
28.7
26.0
27.3
10.8
11.0
1950.
1951.
1952.
1953.
1954.
8,550
9,086
9,222
9,763
9,923
4,946
5,016
5,042
5,130
5,096
2,205
2,400
2,492
2,749
3,019
1,399
1,670
1,688
1,884
1,808
1950...........................................................
1951...........................................................
1952...........................................................
1953...........................................................
1954...........................................................
23.8
25.2
25.3
26.3
26.6
30.3
31.0
30.9
31.2
31.6
28.3
30.3
31.1
32.2
33.2
11.9
14.0
13.9
15.5
14.9
1955.
1956.
1957.
1958.
1959.
10,423
11,126
11,529
11,826
12,205
5,227
5,694
5,805
5,713
5,679
3,183
3,384
3,517
3,714
4,055
2,012
2,048
2,208
2,399
2,471
1955...........................................................
1956...........................................................
1957...........................................................
1958...........................................................
1959...........................................................
27.7
29.0
29.6
30.2
30.9
32.7
35.3
35.6
35.4
35.2
34.7
36.4
36.6
37.6
39.8
16.2
15.9
17.0
18.2
18.7
1960.
1961.
1962.
1963.
1964.
12,253
13,266
13,485
14,061
14,461
5,692
6,186
6,156
6,366
6,545
4,087
4,419
4,445
4,689
4,866
2,474
2,661
2,884
3,006
3,050
1960...........................................................
1961...........................................................
1962...........................................................
1963...........................................................
1964...........................................................
30.5
32.7
32.7
33.7
34.4
34.7
37.3
36.1
37.4
37.8
39.0
41.7
41.8
41.5
43.0
18.6
20.0
21.3
22.5
22.7
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.
14,708 ' 6,755
7,043
15,178
7,158
15,908
7,564
16,821
17,595
7,853
4,836
4,949
5,269
5,693
6,146
3,117
3,186
3,480
3,564
3,596
1965...........................................................
1966...........................................................
1967...........................................................
1968...........................................................
1969...........................................................
34.7
35.4
36.8
38.3
39.6
38.3
38.4
38.9
40.1
41.0
42.7
43.7
45.0
46.9
48.6
23.3
24.2
26.5
27.6
28.5
1970.
1971.
1972.
1973.
1974.
18,377
18,530
19,249
19,821
20,367
8,174
8,432
8,797
9,107
9,365
6,289
6,424
6,706
6,658
6,792
3,914
3,674
3,746
4,056
4,210
1970...........................................................
1971............................................................
1972...........................................................
1973...........................................................
1974...........................................................
40.8
40.8
41.5
42.2
43.0
42.2
42.1
42.7
42.8
43.0
49.2
49.4
50.2
50.1
51.2
30.3
29.6
30.1
32.7
34.4
1975.
1976.
1977.
1978.
1979.
21,143
21,554
22,377
22,789
23,832
9,718
9,860
10,268
10,320
10,974
6,988
7,270
7,674
7,829
8,064
4,438
4,424
4,435
4,640
4,795
1975............................................................
1976............................................................
1977...........................................................
1978............................................................
1979............................................................
44.4
45.0
46.6
47.6
49.4
43.9
43.8
44.9
44.7
46.7
52.3
53.7
55.6
57.2
59.1
36.6
37.4
39.3
41.6
43.2
1 See footnote 1, table 53.
__ __
2 Percent of noninstitutional population in the labor force.
114
Table 58. Employment status of husbands by employment status of other family members,1 March,
1959-79
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status of husband and other family
members
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
34,625
100.0
35,041
100.0
35,453
100.0
35,713
100.0
36,079
100.0
36,286
100.0
36,545
100.0
36,763
100.0
37,060
100.0
37,668
100.0
Wife or other member in labor fo rce......................
Wife only..........................................................
Wife and other member...................................
Other member o n ly ..........................................
Wife or other member employed 3...................
Wife or other member unemployed (none
employed).....................................................
43.3
26.1
6.1
11.2
40.1
43.0
25.8
6.2
11.1
40.1
45.0
27.6
6.6
10.8
41.2
45.0
28.1
6.5
10.4
42.0
46.5
28.7
6.9
10.8
43.3
47.6
28.8
7.6
11.1
44.3
47.4
29.6
7.3
10.5
44.6
48.7
29.8
8.2
10.7
46.2
50.4
30.7
8.8
10.9
47.9
50.7
32.6
8.3
9.8
48.5
3.2
2.9
3.8
3.0
3.2
3.3
2.9
2.4
2.5
2.1
Neither wife nor other member in labor force........
56.7
57.0
55.0
55.0
53.5
52.4
52.6
51.3
49.6
49.3
33,149
100.0
33,579
100.0
33,428
100.0
34,185
100.0
34,595
100.0
35,052
100.0
35,512
100.0
35,918
100.0
36,305
100.0
36,945
100.0
Wife or other member in labor fo rce......................
Wife only..........................................................
Wife and other member...................................
Other member o n ly..........................................
Wife or other member employed 3...................
Wife or other member unemployed (none
employed).....................................................
43.1
25.8
6.0
11.3
40.1
42.7
25.5
6.1
11.2
40.0
44.6
27.3
6.6
10.8
41.2
44.7
27.8
6.4
10.5
41.9
46.2
28.6
6.9
10.8
43.2
47.3
28.6
7.6
11.2
44.3
47.2
29.4
7.3
10.5
44.5
48.6
29.7
8.1
10.8
46.3
50.3
30.5
8.8
10.9
47.9
50.6
32.5
8.3
9.8
48.6
2.9
2.7
3.5
2.8
3.0
3.1
2.7
2.3
2.4
2.0
Neither wife nor other member in labor force........
56.9
57.3
55.4
55.3
53.8
52.7
52.8
51.4
49.7
49.4
H USBAN D IN LA B O R F O R C E 2
Total:
Num ber............................................................
P ercen t............................................................
HUSBAND EM P LO Y ED 2
Total:
Num ber....... ....................................................
P ercen t............................................................
i
HUSBAND UN EM PLO YED
Total:
Num ber............................................................
A s percent of husbands in labor force............
P ercen t............................................................
1,477
4.3
100.0
1,462
4.2
100.0
2,025
5.7
100.0
1,528
4.3
100.0
1,484
4.1
100.0
1,234
3.4
100.0
1,033
2.8
100.0
847
2.3
100.0
755
2.0
100.0
723
1.9
100.0
Wife or other member in labor fo rce......................
Wife only..........................................................
Wife and other member...................................
Other member o n ly.........................................
Wife or other member employed 3...................
Wife or other member unemployed (none
employed).....................................................
49.0
32.6
7.1
9.3
40.8
49.7
32.1
8.0
9.6
41.7
51.4
34.1
6.5
10.8
41.5
50.9
34.1
8.6
8.3
42.6
53.2
32.3
9.0
11.9
45.7
54.4
36.6
7.7
10.1
44.4
54.6
36.7
7.8
10.3
47.5
50.1
31.9
10.4
7.8
42.9
56.3
36.7
9.1
10.5
48.2
51.7
36.9
7.3
7.5
43.9
8.2
7.9
9.9
8.3
7.5
10.0
7.2
7.2
8.1
7.7
Neither wife nor other member in labor force........
51.0
50.3
48.6
49.0
46.8
45.6
45.4
49.9
43.7
48.3
See footnotes at end of table.
115
Table 58. Employment status of husbands by employment status of other family members,1 March,
1959-79— Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Employment status of husband and other family
members
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
38,144
100.0
38,639
100.0
38,496
100.0
39,116
100.0
39,298
100.0
39,312
100.0
39,173
100.0
39,026
100.0
39,093
100.0
38,824
100.0
38,970
100.0
Wife or other member in labor fo rc e ....................
Wife o nly........................................................
Wife and other member.................................
Other member only.........................................
Wife or other member employed 3 .................
Wife or other member unemployed (none
em ployed)...................................................
51.8
33.4
8.9
9.4
49.8
53.1
34.5
9.3
9.3
50.7
53.5
34.7
9.9
9.6
50.3
54.6
35.1
9.9
9.6
51.6
55.7
36.0
9.8
9.9
53.0
57.2
37.4
9.9
9.8
54.3
58.2
39.1
9.9
9.2
53.2
58.9
39.3
10.7
8.9
54.8
61.1
40.9
11.1
9.1
56.8
62.3
41.7
11.7
8.8
58.9
64.0
43.7
11.8
8.5
60.7
1.9
2.5
3.2
3.0
2.7
2.9
5.1
4.1
4.3
3.4
3.4
Neither wife nor other member in labor fo rc e ......
48.2
46.9
46.5
45.4
44.3
42.8
41.8
41.1
38.9
37.7
35.9
37,523
100.0
37,667
100.0
37,146
100.0
37,855
100.0
38,247
100.0
38,252
100.0
36,891
100.0
37,141
100.0
37,424
100.0
37,484
100.0
37,771
100.0
Wife or other member in labor fo rc e ....................
Wife only........................................................
Wife and other member.................................
Other member only......... ...............................
Wife or other member employed 3 .................
Wife or other member unemployed (none
em ployed)...................................................
51.8
33.4
8.9
9.5
49.9
53.1
34.3
9.3
9.4
50.7
53.4
34.5
9.1
9.8
50.4
54.5
34.9
9.9
9.7
51.7
55.7
35.9
9.9
9.9
53.1
57.2
37.4
9.9
9.9
54.5
58.0
38.8
10.0
9.2
53.5
58.9
39.1
10.8
9.0
55.0
61.2
40.8
11.2
9.2
57.2
62.3
41.6
11.9
8.8
59.1
64.2
43.7
11.9
8.6
60.9
1.9
2.4
3.0
2.8
2.6
2.7
4.5
3.8
4.0
3.2
3.2
Neither wife nor other member in labor fo rc e ......
48.2
46.9
46.6
45.5
44.3
42.8
42.0
41.1
38.8
37.7
35.8
621
1.6
100.0
972
2.5
100.0
1,350
3.5
100.0
1,261
3.2
100.0
1,051
2.7
100.0
1,060
2.7
100.0
2,282
5.8
100.0
1,885
4.8
100.0
1,669
4.3
100.0
1,340
3.5
100.0
1,199
3.1
100.0
51.7
36.2
8.3
7.2
45.4
56.1
41.8
7.6
6.7
50.8
57.2
41.2
10.5
5.5
49.1
56.4
40.6
7.5
8.3
47.7
55.6
40.6
7.8
7.1
48.7
56.7
39.3
8.5
8.9
48.5
61.2
44.6
8.6
8.1
47.5
60.6
44.6
9.1
6.9
50.8
58.7
41.9
9.4
7.3
49.3
62.2
45.8
8.6
7.8
53.4
60.3
44.2
10.5
5.8
51.6
6.2
5.4
8.1
8.7
6.8
8.2
13.7
9.8
9.4
8.8
8.6
43.6
44.4
38.8
39.3
41.3
37.8
39.7
H USBAN D IN LA B O R F O R C E 2
Total:
N um ber..........................................................
Percent...........................................................
i
HUSBAND EM P LO YED 2
Total:
N um ber..........................................................
Percent...........................................................
HUSBAND U N EM PLOYED
Total:
N um ber..........................................................
A s percent of husbands in labor fo rc e ..........
Percent...........................................................
Wife or other member in labor fo rc e .....................
Wife only........................................................
Wife and other member.................................
Other member only.........................................
Wife or other member employed 3.................
Wife or other member unemployed (none
em ployed)...................................................
Neither wife nor other member in labor fo rce ......
48.3
43.9
42.8
1 The number of men in husband-wife families shown here is smaller than
the number shown as married with spouse present in other tables because
it excludes married couples living in households where a relative is the
householder.
43.3
2 Includes members of the Armed Forces living off post or with their fami
lies on post.
3 This category may also include a wife or other member who is unem
ployed.
116
Table 59. Number of own children under 18 years of age by type of family and labor force status of
mother, March, 1970-79
[Numbers in thousands]
Married-couple families
Families maintained by
women 2
Total
num
ber of
own
chil
dren 1
Mother
in labor
force
Mother
not in
labor
force
Total
Mother
in labor
force
Mother
not in
labor
force
Total
1970......................................................................................
1971......................................................................................
1972......................................................................................
1973......................................................................................
1974......................................................................................
65,755
65,579
65,255
64,303
63,542
25,544
25,451
25,762
26,189
26,768
39,550
39,477
38,787
38,114
36,774
58,399
57,296
56,625
55,238
54,154
21,982
21,454
21,722
21,871
22,165
36,417
35,842
34,903
33,367
31,989
1975......................................................................................
1976......................................................................................
1977......................................................................................
1978......................................................................................
1979......................................................................................
62,770
61,697
60,584
59,675
58,537
27,650
28,159
28,892
29,741
30,105
34,332
32,828
30,885
29,058
27,503
52,813
51,586
50,279
48,770
47,786
22,637
22,868
23,341
23,662
24,063
19 7 0 ......................................................................................
1971......................................................................................
1972......................................................................................
1973......................................................................................
1974......................................................................................
46,149
46,326
46,020
45,158
45,037
19,954
20,019
20,155
20,237
20,682
25,627
25,740
25,865
24,921
24,355
40,779
39,997
39,452
38,333
37,851
1975......................................................................................
1976.......................................................................... :...........
1977......................................................................................
1978......................................................................................
1979......................................................................................
44,636
44,058
43,467
42,702
41,556
21,138
21,720
22,462
22,867
22,940
22,800
21,708
20,304
19,094
17,849
1970......................................................................................
1971......................................................................................
1972......................................................................................
1973......................................................................................
1974......................................................................................
19,606
19,253
19,235
19,145
18,505
5,590
5,432
5,607
5,952
6,086
1975......................................................................................
1976......................................................................................
1977......................................................................................
1978......................................................................................
1979......................................................................................
18,134
17,639
17,117
16,973
16,981
6,512
6,439
6,431
6,874
7,166
Age of children and year
Fami
lies
main
tained
by
men 2
Mother
in labor
force
Mother
not in
labor
force
6,695
7,632
7,924
8,344
8,648
3,562
3,997
4,040
4,318
4,603
3,133
3,635
3,884
4,026
4,045
661
651
706
721
740
30,176
28,718
26,938
25,109
23,724
9,168
9,401
9,499
10,029
9,822
5,013
5,291
5,551
6,079
6,043
4,155
4,110
3,947
3,949
3,779
788
710
807
876
929
17,035
16,785
16,884
16,774
16,992
23,444
23,212
22,568
21,559
20,859
5,102
5,762
5,947
6,195
6,542
2,919
3,234
3,271
3,463
3,690
2,183
2,528
2,676
2,732
2,852
568
567
621
630
644
37,081
36,255
35,499
34,293
33,347
17,206
17,488
17,930
17,975
18,161
19,875
18,767
17,569
16,317
15,186
6,856
7,173
7,266
7,668
7,442
3,931
4,232
4,532
4,891
4,779
2,925
2,942
2,735
2,777
2,663
699
630
702
741
768
13,923
13,737
13,628
13,193
12,419
17,920
17,299
17,173
16,905
16,303
4,947
4,669
4,838
5,097
5,173
12,973
12,630
12,335
11,808
11,130
1,593
1,870
1,977
2,149
2,106
643
763
769
855
913
950
1,107
1,208
1,294
1,193
93
84
85
91
96
11,532
11,120
10,582
9,964
9,654
15,732
15,332
14,780
14,478
14,439
5,431
5,380
5,411
5,686
5,902
10,302
9,952
9,369
8,792
8,538
2,312
2,227
2,233
2,360
2,380
1,081
1,059
1,020
1,188
1,264
1,230
1,168
1,213
1,173
1,116
90
80
104
135
161
WITH CHILDREN UNDER 18 Y E A R S O F A G E
WITH CHILDREN 6 TO 17 Y E A R S O F A G E
WITH CHILDREN UNDER 6 Y E A R S O F A G E
1 Refers to “own” children of the husband, wife, or householder and includes sons and daughters, step children, and adopted children. Excluded
are other related children such as grandchildren, nieces, nephews, cousins,
and unrelated children.
117
2 Families maintained by widowed, divorced, separated, or single persons,
Table 60. Median usual weekly earnings of wage and salary workers by selected characteristics,
May, selected years, 1967-78
[In current dollars]
1967
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
Annual
average
percent
change 1
$100
$111
$118
$124
$130
$140
$151
$161
$169
$180
$195
6.3
109
121
130
138
144
159
169
185
197
212
227
6.9
Males, 16 years and o v e r.........................................
16 to 24 years....................................................
25 years and o v e r.............................................
125
97
131
142
108
148
151
112
160
162
114
172
168
118
178
188
136
203
204
146
219
221
149
235
234
159
251
253
168
273
272
185
294
7.3
6.1
7.6
Females, 16 years and ove r.....................................
> 16 to 24 years....................................................
> 25 years and o v e r.............................................
78
74
79
86
82
88
94
88
96
100
91
103
106
96
110
116
103
121
124
111
131
137
117
146
145
125
154
156
133
165
166
142
175
7.1
6.1
7.5
W hite.........................................................................
M ales..................................................................
F em a le s.............................................................
113
130
79
125
146
88
134
157
95
142
168
102
149
172
108
162
193
117
173
209
125
190
225
138
202
239
147
217
259
157
232
279
167
6.8
7.2
7.0
Black and other.........................................................
M ales..................................................................
F em a le s.............................................................
79
90
63
90
104
73
99
113
81
107
123
87
115
129
99
129
149
107
140
160
117
156
173
130
162
187
138
171
201
147
186
218
158
8.1
8.4
8.7
Males:
S in g le .................................................................
Married, spouse present....................................
Widowed, divorced, or separated......................
95
131
113
108
148
125
113
159
139
116
172
148
119
177
153
134
200
171
144
216
194
153
234
205
161
248
224
173
272
239
190
293
263
6.5
7.6
8.0
Females:
S in g le .................................................................
Married, spouse present....................................
Widowed, divorced, or separated......................
79
79
75
87
88
85
95
95
91
97
101
100
104
107
106
114
117
115
120
126
123
132
139
138
141
147
146
150
158
158
159
167
168
6.6
7.0
7.6
145
164
113
91
131
167
178
123
102
146
181
190
133
109
157
189
200
141
115
167
192
214
151
121
172
119
152
122
40
104
80
212
238
163
130
195
132
169
138
39
111
96
228
250
172
140
211
141
180
149
50
117
107
246
274
189
150
223
157
198
154
54
123
111
256
289
198
158
239
162
214
161
60
134
120
277
302
225
167
259
171
231
181
59
142
127
294
323
232
175
279
191
249
193
59
152
139
6.6
6.4
6.8
6.2
7.1
8.2
8.6
6.9
5.7
6.6
8.3
Characteristic
A L L W A G E AND S A L A R Y W O R K ER S
Total, 16 years and ove r...........................................
FULL-TIME W A G E AND S A L A R Y W O R K ER S
Total, 16 years and ove r...........................................
Sex and age
Race and sex
Sex and marital status
Occupation
Professional and technical w orkers..........................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm ..............
Sales w orkers...........................................................
Clerical workers.........................................................
Craft and kindred workers.........................................
Operatives, except transport2..................................
Transport equipment operatives 2.............................
Nonfarm lab ore rs......................................................
Private household workers........................................
Other service w orkers..............................................
Farm workers............................................................
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
93
32
75
58
106
34
82
66
110
38
87
71
117
38
96
74
—
Note : Data on usual weekly earnings were not collected in May 1968.
1 Reflects annually compounded rates of change for the 1967-78 period.
2 Data for these two groups are not available prior to 1972. Average
annual percent change is for the 1972-78 period.
118
Table 61. Median hourly earnings of wage and salary workers paid at hourly rates by
selected characteristics, May, 1973-78
Annual
average
percent
change 1
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
$2.96
$3.20
$3.39
$3.55
$3.83
$4.10
6.7
Males, 16 years and o v e r..........................................................
16 to 24 years.....................................................................
25 years and o v e r..............................................................
3.71
2.60
4.27
4.04
2.92
4.60
4.36
2.97
5.01
4.59
3.16
5.33
4.98
3.35
5.77
5.30
3.60
6.15
7.4
6.7
7.6
Females, 16 years and o ver......................................................
16 to 24 years.....................................................................
25 years and o v e r..............................................................
2.25
2.03
2.42
2.44
2.18
2.64
2.68
2.30
2.89
2.88
2.48
3.08
3.09
2.74
3.30
3.30
2.94
3.51
8.0
7.7
7.7
White..........................................................................................
M ales...................................................................................
Fem a le s..............................................................................
2.99
3.79
2.25
3.25
4.14
2.46
3.42
4.43
2.69
3.59
4.67
2.90
3.87
5.07
3.09
4.16
5.40
3.31
6.8
7.3
8.0
Black and other.........................................................................
M ales...................................................................................
Fem a le s..............................................................................
2.71
3.21
2.21
2.92
3.47
2.34
3.22
3.87
2.64
3.33
4.05
2.77
3.53
4.32
3.05
3.78
4.57
3.28
6.9
7.3
8.2
4.03
3.42
2.03
2.69
4.52
3.04
3.82
3.00
1.32
2.04
1.90
4.42
3.73
2.17
2.91
4.91
3.32
3.88
3.21
1.55
2.16
2.10
4.79
3.95
2.33
3.18
5.23
3.60
4.43
3.33
1.57
2.30
2.20
5.17
4.14
2.54
3.32
5.53
3.80
4.70
3.46
2.05
2.49
2.40
5.42
4.68
2.72
3.50
6.00
4.03
4.90
3.87
2.16
2.72
2.65
5.72
4.67
2.93
3.72
6.41
4.48
5.29
4.08
2.07
2.93
2.89
7.3
6.4
7.6
6.7
7.2
8.1
6.7
6.3
9.4
7.5
8.7
Characteristic
Total, 16 years and o v e r................................................
S E X AND A G E
R A C E AND SE X
OCCUPATION
Professional and technical w orkers...........................................
Managers and administrators except fa rm ................................
Sales w orkers............................................................................
Clerical w orkers.........................................................................
Craft and kindred workers..........................................................
Operatives, except transport.....................................................
Transport equipment operatives...............................................
Nonfarm laborers......................................................................
Private household workers........................................................
Other service w orkers...............................................................
Farm workers.............................................................................
1 Reflects annually compounded rates of change for the 1973-78 period.
119
Table 62. Workweek of full-time nonfarm wage and salary workers by usual number of
days and hours worked, May, 1973-79
[In thousands]
1973 1
1974 1
1975 1
1976 1
Total, 16 years and over...........................................................
58,484
59,187
57,507
59,392
Fewer than 5 d ays............................................................
35-39 ho u rs...............................................................
40 h o u rs...........................................................:.........
41-48 ho u rs....... .......................................................
49-59 hours...............................................................
60 hours or more........................................................
974
280
422
128
80
65
1,096
334
466
126
95
76
1,234
396
546
129
97
67
5 d ays................................................................................
35-39 ho u rs...............................................................
40 h o u rs.....................................................................
41-48 h o u rs...............................................................
49-59 hours...............................................................
60 hours or more........................................................
47,579
4,592
37,016
3,294
2,205
472
48,807
4,430
38,263
3,282
2,343
490
5 1/2 d a y s ........................................................................
35-39 ho u rs...............................................................
40 h o u rs.....................................................................
41-48 ho u rs...............................................................
49-59 ho u rs...............................................................
60 hours or more........................................................
2,757
64
357
1,183
923
231
6 d ays................................................................................
35-39 ho u rs...............................................................
40 h o u rs.....................................................................
41-48 hours...............................................................
49-59 hou rs...............................................................
60 hours or more........................................................
7 days................................................................................
35-39 hours...............................................................
40 h o u rs.....................................................................
41-48 hours...............................................................
49-59 hou rs...............................................................
60 hours or more.......................................................
Days and hours worked
1978
1979
61,596
63,726
67,513
1,242
377
563
128
88
87
1,382
406
619
144
113
99
1,383
439
605
178
75
85
1,490
405
693
169
127
97
48,277
4,707
37,708
3,119
2,190
553
49,646
4,865
38,706
3,251
2,333
491
51,070
4,935
39,571
3,573
2,389
602
52,891
4,887
40,939
3,689
2,710
665
56,393
5,155
43,611
4,062
2,875
690
2,548
68
327
1,145
793
215
2,265
57
339
923
746
200
2,300
75
327
1,021
689
188
2,292
60
350
927
748
206
2,470
63
374
964
860
208
2,371
53
424
892
799
203
6,141
264
752
2,407
1,462
1,256
5,703
230
701
2,136
1,435
1,201
4,760
249
700
1,545
1,128
1,138
5,191
276
661
1,836
1,340
1,079
5,707
294
740
1,997
1,541
1,135
5,767
334
805
1,950
1,406
1,272
5,995
276
885
1,895
1,582
1,357
1,033
36
113
94
272
518
1,033
28
112
68
328
499
971
33
129
82
273
454
1,013
36
146
99
288
444
1,146
36
169
90
345
505
1,215
38
173
80
296
628
1,265
31
187
94
340
613
1 Excludes private household workers for the years 1973-77.
120
1977 1
Table 63. Number and percent of full-time nonfarm wage and salary workers by shift,
sex, and race, May, 1973-78
Percent distribution
Number (thousands)
Sex, race, and year
Total,
16
years
and
over
Shift workers
Day
Total
Eve
ning
Night
M iscel
laneous
Total,
16
years
and
over
Shift workers
Day
Total
Eve
ning
Night
M iscella
neous
TO TAL
1 9 7 3 ............................
1 9 7 4 ............................
55,842
55,995
46,566
47,245
9,276
8,750
4,167
4,516
1,782
1,875
3,327
2,359
100.0
100.0
83.4
84.4
16.6
15.6
7.5
8.1
3.2
3.3
6.0
4.2
1 9 7 5 ............................
1 9 7 6 ............................
1 9 7 7 ............................
1 9 7 8 ............................
54,568
56,432
58,975
60,550
46,030
47,496
49,382
50,740
8,537
8,937
9,592
9,810
4,307
4,569
4,871
4,918
1,761
1,833
2,021
2,086
2,469
2,535
2,700
2,806
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
84.4
84.2
83.7
83.8
15.6
15.8
16.3
16.1
7.9
8.1
8.3
8.1
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.4
4.5
4.5
4.6
4.6
1 9 7 3 ............................
1 9 7 4 ............................
36,432
36,435
29,631
30,042
6,801
6,393
2,935
3,152
1,343
1,401
2,523
1,840
65.2
65.1
53.1
53.6
12.2
11.4
5.3
5.6
2.4
2.5
4.5
3.3
1 9 7 5 ............................
1 9 7 6 ............................
1 9 7 7 ............................
1 9 7 8 ............................
35,257
35,992
37,388
38,273
29,084
29,521
30,536
31,266
6,172
6,470
6,852
7,006
3,018
3,197
3,270
3,352
1,300
1,365
1,507
1,519
1,854
1,908
2,075
2,135
64.6
63.8
63.4
63.2
53.3
52.3
51.8
51.6
11.3
11.5
11.6
11.5
5.5
5.7
5.5
5.5
2.4
2.4
2.6
2.5
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.5
1 9 7 3 ............................
1 9 7 4 ............................
19,409
19,560
16,935
17,204
2,474
2,356
1,231
1,363
439
474
804
519
34.8
34.9
30.3
30.7
4.4
4.1
2.2
2.4
.8
.8
1.4
.9
1 9 7 5 ............................
1 9 7 6 ............................
1 9 7 7 ............................
1 9 7 8 ............................
19,311
20,440
21,587
22,277
16,946
17,975
18,846
19,474
2,365
2,465
2,741
2,804
1,288
1,371
1,601
1,566
462
468
515
567
615
626
625
671
35.4
36.2
36.6
36.8
31.1
31.9
32.0
32.2
4.3
4.3
4.7
4.6
2.4
2.4
2.7
2.6
.8
.8
.9
.9
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
1 9 7 3 ............................
1 9 7 4 ............................
49,731
49,678
41,713
42,163
8,018
7,515
3,540
3,785
1,491
1,590
2,987
2,140
100.0
100.0
83.9
84.9
16.1
15.1
7.1
7.6
3.0
3.2
6.0
4.3
1 9 7 5 ............................
1 9 7 6 ............................
1 9 7 7 ............................
1 9 7 8 ............................
48,612
50,133
52,310
53,555
41,254
42,488
44,051
45,140
7,358
7,644
8,260
8,416
3,610
3,790
4,101
4,113
1,500
1,528
1,671
1,762
2,248
2,326
2,488
2,541
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
84.9
84.8
84.2
84.3
15.1
15.2
15.8
15.7
7.4
7.6
7.8
7.7
3.1
3.0
3.2
3.3
4.6
4.6
4.8
4.7
1 9 7 3 ............................
1 9 7 4 ............................
32,827
32,735
26,840
27,151
5,987
5,583
2,529
2,675
1,157
1,209
2,301
1,699
66.0
65.9
54.0
54.7
12.0
11.2
5.1
5.4
2.3
2.4
4.6
3.4
1 9 7 5 ............................
1 9 7 6 ............................
1 9 7 7 ............................
1 9 7 8 ............................
31,818
32,387
33,674
34,380
26,415
26,755
27,648
28,221
5,403
5,631
6,026
6,159
2,554
2,687
2,819
2,870
1,131
1,169
1,285
1,324
1,718
1,775
1,922
1,965
65.5
64.6
64.4
64.2
54.3
53.4
52.9
52.7
11.1
11.2
11.6
11.6
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.4
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.5
3.5
3.5
3.7
3.7
1 9 7 3 ............................
1 9 7 4 ............................
16,904
16,943
14,873
15,012
2,031
1,932
1,011
1,110
334
381
686
441
34.0
34.1
29.9
30.2
4.1
3.9
2.0
2.2
.7
.8
1.4
.9
1 9 7 5 ............................
1 9 7 6 ............................
1 9 7 7 ............................
1 9 7 8 ............................
16,795
17,746
18,636
19,175
14,839
15,733
16,403
16,919
1,955
2,013
2,233
2,257
1,056
1,103
1,282
1,243
369
359
385
438
530
551
566
576
34.5
35.4
35.6
35.8
30.5
31.4
31.4
31.6
4.1
4.0
4.3
4.2
2.2
2.2
2.5
2.3
.8
.7
.7
.8
1.1
1.1
1.1
1.1
Males
Females
WHITE
Males
Females
See footnote at end of table.
121
Table 63. Number and percent of full-time nonfarm wage and aalary workers by shift,
sex, and race, May, 1973-78— Continued
Number (thousands)
Sex, race, and year
Total,
16
years
and
over
Shift workers
Day
Total
Eve
ning
Night
Miscel
laneous
Total,
16
years
and
over
Percent distribution
Shift workers
Day
Total
Eve
ning
Night
M iscella
neous
BLACK1
1 9 7 3 ............................
1 9 7 4 ............................
5,410
5,550
4,259
4,449
1,150
1,102
576
638
273
271
301
193
100.0
100.0
78.7
80.2
21.3
19.9
10.7
11.5
5.0
4.9
5.6
3.5
1 9 7 5 ............................
1 9 7 6 ............................
1 9 7 7 ............................
1 9 7 8 ............................
5,170
5,400
5,741
5,983
4,131
4,262
4,561
4,766
1,038
1,137
1,181
1,217
622
678
669
701
250
272
327
296
166
187
185
220
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
79.9
78.9
79.4
79.7
20.0
21.1
20.6
20.3
12.0
12.6
11.7
11.7
4.8
5.0
5.7
4.9
3.2
3.5
3.2
3.7
1 9 7 3 ............................
1 9 7 4 ....................... .
3,192
3,231
2,455
2,515
737
716
365
415
177
181
195
120
59.0
58.2
45.4
45.3
13.6
13.0
6.7
7.5
3.3
3.3
3.6
2.2
1 9 7 5 ............................
1 9 7 6 ............................
1 9 7 7 ............................
1 9 7 8 ............................
2,969
3,067
3,181
3,317
2,285
2,331
2,436
2,573
684
736
745
745
423
442
398
427
161
179
214
183
100
115
133
135
57.4
56.8
55.4
55.4
44.2
43.2
42.4
43.0
13.2
13.6
12.9
12.5
8.2
8.2
6.9
7.1
3.1
3.3
3.7
3.1
1.9
2.1
2.3
2.3
1 9 7 3 ............................
1 9 7 4 ............................
2,218
2,319
1,804
1,934
415
385
212
222
97
90
106
73
41.0
41.8
33.3
34.9
7.7
6.9
3.9
4.0
1.8
1.6
2.0
1.3
1 9 7 5 ............................
1 9 7 6 ............................
1 9 7 7 ............................
1 9 7 8 ............................
2,201
2,333
2,561
2,665
1,846
1,932
2,125
2,193
354
401
436
473
199
236
271
274
89
93
113
113
66
72
52
86
42.6
43.2
44.6
44.6
35.7
35.8
37.0
36.7
6.8
7.4
7.6
7.9
3.8
4.4
4.7
4.6
1.7
1.7
2.0
1.9
1.3
1.3
.9
1.4
Males
Fem ales
1 Data refer to black workers only.
122
Table 64. Percent of full-time wage and salary workers who worked long hours and received
premium pay by occupation and industry, May, 1973-79
Worked 41 hours or more
Received premium pay
Occupation and industry
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
White-collar workers...............................................
Professional and technical...............................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm .....
Sales w orkers..................................................
Clerical workers...............................................
28.6
29.7
47.7
40.0
13.2
27.9
29.8
46.1
35.3
13.2
26.4
27.0
45.2
36.9
11.5
25.9
26.0
44.8
35.1
12.0
27.5
28.1
45.5
37.1
13.2
28.0
29.2
44.9
36.6
14.2
26.5
26.8
44.3
34.5
12.6
21.9
16.6
12.8
13.2
59.0
23.2
18.9
12.7
14.7
60.1
20.8
16.7
11.6
14.5
57.5
21.2
16.4
11.3
15.3
56.9
23.0
18.8
12.1
14.7
60.3
24.4
20.2
12.9
15.8
60.8
23.9
21.0
12.0
15.0
62.6
Blue-collar w orkers.................................................
Craft and kindred workers...............................
Operatives, except transport............................
Transport equipment operatives......................
Nonfarm laborers.............................................
30.2
32.4
26.2
42.4
25.1
27.4
30.4
22.6
41.5
21.4
23.0
24.7
18.2
36.0
20.0
26.3
27.2
22.7
41.3
20.8
28.1
29.5
24.2
40.0
24.0
27.8
30.6
23.7
40.5
20.0
27.5
30.4
22.6
40.8
20.8
70.8
65.5
85.9
54.5
67.4
69.0
65.4
82.9
54.4
64.1
64.2
61.7
77.9
48.9
63.2
68.0
62.5
84.3
53.0
64.0
70.7
65.7
83.5
57.4
72.8
70.1
65.2
85.1
52.8
73.3
70.7
66.7
84.5
55.9
71.8
Service workers.......................................................
23.8
21.9
20.9
20.0
20.3
19.1
18.6
25.7
30.5
31.0
30.0
36.2
41.4
37.0
Farm workers..........................................................
59.3
61.8
59.8
61.9
58.1
50.8
57.5
5.1
8.4
8.6
10.1
8.5
7.6
6.9
Goods-producing industries.....................................
Agriculture........................................................
M ining..............................................................
Construction.....................................................
Manufacturing..................................................
30.0
54.6
38.4
23.0
30.1
27.7
54.7
41.7
21.8
27.3
23.4
55.9
36.6
20.9
21.5
26.6
56.8
34.1
21.4
25.7
28.6
53.1
34.5
23.9
28.0
28.0
47.4
40.9
22.3
27.7
27.5
53.2
34.8
21.4
27.1
63.9
7.9
65.8
56.6
69.9
60.5
10.4
64.8
53.1
66.7
53.7
11.6
57.5
52.2
59.9
60.4
13.4
57.4
52.6
67.3
62.0
10.9
64.5
55.9
68.4
61.1
14.0
65.6
55.1
66.7
61.4
12.2
65.0
54.5
67.9
Service-producing industries...................................
Transportation and public utilities...................
Wholesale and retail trade...............................
Finance, insurance, and real estate.................
S ervices......................................................... .
Public administration........................................
F e d e ra l1...................................................
State.........................................................
Local.........................................................
28.5
27.1
39.3
21.7
26.2
17.1
15.0
15.8
21.4
27.4
26.2
37.1
20.4
25.9
17.0
13.5
14.7
23.9
26.0
23.3
35.9
21.6
24.0
15.5
11.4
14.3
21.7
25.4
24.1
35.7
20.5
22.7
15.5
13.4
11.4
20.3
26.6
26.1
36.6
22.2
23.7
16.6
14.8
11.1
21.6
26.9
28.7
35.8
21.8
24.3
16.7
15.2
12.1
21.1
25.8
29.1
34.6
20.9
22.9
15.7
14.6
9.7
20.3
27.3
53.6
27.5
16.2
18.8
36.9
58.1
24.0
18.1
28.9
53.2
30.0
21.2
19.9
34.8
57.3
16.5
19.5
26.9
48.4
28.3
19.8
18.8
35.9
53.1
11.2
30.3
26.6
44.1
28.5
18.4
19.0
37.5
58.8
17.9
23.2
29.6
51.1
31.0
19.3
22.0
36.2
53.0
18.9
24.5
31.3
49.8
32.0
21.3
24.0
43.4
58.7
31.0
32.7
30.4
49.7
32.0
20.4
21.6
40.7
52.3
41.5
29.8
O CCUPATION
INDUSTRY
1 Includes postal service.
123
Table 65. Absence rates for full-time nonagricultural wage and salary workers by reason
for absence, May, 1973-78
[Numbers in thousands]
1973
Measure
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
A B S E N T W O R K ER S
Total working.......................................................................
55,283
56,248
54,700
56,414
58,422
60,153
Total absent.................................................................
Total incidence rate 1 ..................................................
Illnesses or injuries...............................................
Miscellaneous rea son s.........................................
3,614
6.5
4.1
2.4
3,499
6.2
3.7
2.5
3,332
6.1
3.7
2.4
3,630
6.4
4.0
2.5
3,802
6.5
3.9
2.6
3,966
6.6
4.1
2.5
Weekly hours usually worked.............................................
2,344,970
2,382,300
2,303,410
2,374,910
2,473,740
2,549,220
Weekly hours lo s t........................................................
Total inactivity rate 2....................................................
Illnesses or injuries...............................................
Miscellaneous rea son s.........................................
81,549
3.5
2.4
1.1
79,706
3.3
2.2
1.1
78,873
3.4
2.3
1.1
82,222
3.5
2.3
1.1
87,487
3.5
2.3
1.2
89,888
3.5
2.3
1.2
H O URS LO S T
1 Number of workers absent
total em ployed=100.
2 Number of hours absent -r number of hours usually worked=100.
124
Table 66. Employment status of the population 14 to 24 years old by school enrollment,
sex, and age, October, 1947-78
Females
Males
School enrollment
and year
Both
sexes
14 to
24
years
14 to 17 years
14 to 17 years
Total,
14 to
24
years
Total
14
and
15
years
18
and
19
years
16
and
17
years
20 to
24
years
Total,
14 to
24
years
Total
14
and
15
years
18
and
19
years
20 to
24
years
n
n
n
n
n
n
420
452
435
236
206
215
268
244
274
346
322
16
and
17
years
Civilian noninstitutional population (thousands)
E N R O LLED
587
682
593
947
898
827
4,029
4,046
3,981
3,373
3,388
3,331
1,630
1,770
680
534
612
642
730
733
602
630
636
677
4,207
4,286
4,406
4,579
4,642
3,420
3,602
3,682
3,695
3,782
2,145
2,145
1,550
1,637
519
440
450
538
538
2,285
2,482
2,729
2,751
2,716
1,811
1,794
1,917
2,103
2,323
752
809
780
898
918
686
830
897
915
892
4,677
5,098
5,489
5,651
5,870
3,873
4,138
4,421
4,591
4,796
2,231
2,404
2,599
2,664
2,603
1,642
1,734
1,822
1,927
2,193
480
598
629
667
683
324
362
439
393
391
5,248
5,705
6,032
6,402
6,658
2,878
3,394
3,576
3,466
3,479
2,370
2,311
2,456
2,936
3,179
1,063
1,170
1,212
1,180
1,238
936
988
1,177
1,365
1,332
6,162
6,719
7,188
7,645
8,030
4,994
5,458
5,708
6,115
6,356
2,763
3,227
3,422
3,347
3,353
2,231
2,231
2,286
2,768
3,003
754
782
932
881
958
414
479
548
649
716
9,861
10,278
10,471
10,957
11,332
6,613
6,770
6,973
7,200
7,375
3,546
3,640
3,738
3,837
3,923
3,067
3,130
3,235
3,363
3,452
1,689
1,841
1,636
1,891
1,886
1,559
1,667
1,862
1,866
2,071
8,462
8,738
9,192
9,465
9,852
6,420
6,523
6,663
6,919
7,078
3,434
3,526
3,635
3,727
3,819
2,986
2,997
3,028
3,192
3,259
1,241
1,335
1,390
1,424
1,465
801
880
1,139
1,122
1,309
21,479
22,307
22,420
22,294
22,722 »
11,414
11,875
11,896
11,743
11,839
7,531
7,719
7,796
7,843
7,906
3,994
4,080
4,121
4,144
4,191
3,537
3,639
3,675
3,699
3,715
1,822
1,939
1,856
1,783
1,731
2,061
2,217
2,244
2,117
2,202
10,065
10,432
10,524
10,551
10,883
7,267
7,426
7,474
7,512
7,624
3,878
3,963
3,978
3,975
4,048
3,389
3,463
3,496
3,537
3,576
1,502
1,617
1,600
1,498
1,644
1,296
1,389
1,450
1,541
1,615
23,584
23,795
23,680
23,301
12,316
12,279
12,254
12,006
8,042
8,014
7,934
7,814
4,231
4,214
4,144
4,058
3,811
3,800
3,790
3,756
1,940
1,907
1,919
1,902
2,334
2,358
2,401
2,290
11,268
11,516
11,426
11,295
7,657
7,634
7,594
7,542
4,070
4,033
3,985
3,914
3,587
3,601
3,609
3,628
1,825
1,861
1,844
1,798
1,786
2,021
1,988
1,955
1947............................
1 948............................
1949............................
15,330
14,906
14,782
6,808
6,606
6,574
900
759
729
1,282
1,306
1,286
4,626
4,542
4,558
8,521
8,299
8,208
855
760
797
i 1)
i 1)
H
(*)
1,848
1,770
1,748
5,818
5,770
5,664
1 950............................
1 9 5 1 ............................
195 2 ............................
195 3 ............................
195 4 ............................
14,159
13,034
12,310
11,731
11,696
6,291
5,340
4,776
4,442
4,436
659
628
642
585
508
n
n
4,408
3,598
3,102
2,795
2,861
7,868
7,694
7,534
7,289
7,260
735
628
652
652
644
H
( 1)
75
103
577
541
n
1,613
1,626
1,590
1,542
1,580
5,520
5,440
5,292
5,094
5,035
1955............................
1956............................
1957............................
1958............................
1 959............................
11,980
11,833
11,917
12,208
12,613
4,655
4,706
4,794
4,935
5,240
196 0 ............................
1 961............................
1 962............................
1 963............................
1 964............................
12,995
13,465
13,304
13,572
14,163
1965............................
1966............................
1967............................
1968............................
196 9 ............................
14,435
14,688
14,904
15,125
15,550
1 9 4 7 ............................
194 8 ............................
1 9 4 9 ............................
8,927
9,061
8,846
4,898
5,015
4,866
3,364
3,436
3,447
195 0 ............................
1951............................
1952............................
1953............................
195 4 ............................
9,189
9,036
9,406
9,700
10,052
4,982
4,750
5,000
5,122
5,410
3,568
3,614
3,758
3,844
4,002
2,214
2,232
195 5 ............................
195 6 ............................
1 9 5 7 ............................
1 958............................
1 959............................
10,212
11,013
11,812
12,317
12,719
5,534
5,915
6,323
6,667
6,849
4,096
4,276
4,646
4,854
5,039
I9 6 0 ............................
1961............................
1962............................
196 3 ............................
196 4 ............................
13,409
14,582
15,609
16,592
17,258
7,247
7,863
8,421
8,947
9,228
196 5 ............................
196 6 ............................
196 7 ............................
1968............................
1969............................
18,323
19,016
19,663
20,422
21,184
1970............................
1971............................
1972............................
197 3 ............................
1974............................
1975............................
1976............................
1977............................
1978............................
H
i 1)
H
H
n
H
n
(')
H
H
0)
(*)
i 1)
n
H
n
H
NOT E N R O LLE D
H
H
n
n
n
n
H
n
(')
i1
)
n
n
90
502
418
1,224
1,114
1,032
1,063
1,067
526
524
455
495
479
103
74
57
89
61
423
450
398
406
418
1,018
984
1,021
994
1,097
3,111
3,198
3,318
3,446
3,664
7,326
7,127
7,123
7,273
7,373
674
602
612
651
594
90
80
102
86
80
584
522
510
565
514
1,655
1,587
1,611
1,599
1,655
4,997
4,938
4,900
5,023
5,124
5,428
5,638
5,409
5,495
5,857
496
485
409
395
397
61
67
45
46
34
435
418
364
349
363
1,158
1,237
1,254
1,135
1,196
3,774
3,916
3,846
3,965
4,264
7,567
7,827
7,895
8,077
8,306
603
570
611
563
567
66
93
95
67
62
537
477
516
496
505
1,758
1,950
1,831
1,847
1,884
5,206
5,307
5,453
5,667
5,855
5,887
5,781
5,889
5,870
6,084
455
398
389
376
390
35
47
66
71
75
420
351
323
305
315
1,351
1,346
1,272
1,242
1,288
4,081
4,037
4,228
4,252
4,406
8,548
8,907
9,015
9,255
9,466
496
500
532
489
527
44
56
67
83
72
452
444
465
406
455
2,048
2,202
2,061
2,031
2,040
6,004
6,205
6,422
6,735
6,899
83
See footnotes at end of table.
(M
125
n
9yment status of the population 14 to 24 years old by school enrollment,
>ctober, 1947-78— Continued
Males
Both
sexes
14 to
24
years
Females
14 to 17 years
Total,
14 to
24
years
14
and
15
years
Total
14 to 17 years
18
and
19
years
16
and
17
years
20 to
24
years
Total,
14 to
24
years
Total
14
and
15
years
16
and
17
years
18
and
19
years
20 to
24
years
Civilian noninstitutional population (thousands)— Continued
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
16,793
17,390
18,514
19,470
19,659
6,912
7,317
8,104
8,735
8,947
410
380
495
526
565
72
52
96
88
87
338
328
399
438
478
1,527
1,564
1,774
1,937
2,051
4,975
5,373
5,835
6,272
6,331
9,881
10,073
10,410
10,735
10,712
512
503
595
640
616
77
62
100
119
87
435
441
495
521
529
2,107
2,111
2,232
2,430
2,396
7,262
7,459
7,583
7,665
7,700
1975
1976
1977
1978
19,569
19,826
20,233
20,730
8,909
9,206
9,378
9,700
459
459
480
507
69
61
57
66
390
398
423
441
1,951
2,050
2,042
2,073
6,499
6,697
6,856
7,120
10,660
10,620
10,855
11,030
608
595
574
521
83
91
69
62
525
504
505
459
2,308
2,330
2,346
2,380
7,744
7,695
7,935
8,129
89
65
106
48
72
87
80
82
92
118
I
Civilian labor force (thousands)
1947
1948
1949
(l)
( 1)
1,855
1,877
1,265
1,197
744
833
775
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
2,421
2,290
1,980
1,888
2,332
1,575
1,428
1,310
1,226
1,496
1,066
1,012
946
855
1,031
382
462
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
2,706
3,007
3,161
3,116
3,373
1,801
1,894
1,990
2,037
2,128
1,185
1,193
1,276
1,276
1,353
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
3,390
3,551
3,872
4,220
4,315
2,171
2,223
2,481
2,711
2,732
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
5,075
5,284
5,842
6,167
6,750
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
149
190
163
n
n
241
258
590
680
393
478
502
264
244
172
165
265
846
862
670
662
836
614
656
512
474
592
H
n
473
569
245
172
192
206
200
197
203
277
389
144
126
76
96
126
510
547
582
514
574
675
646
694
762
779
330
319
299
309
330
286
382
415
452
445
905
1,113
1,171
1,079
1,245
634
774
795
717
872
282
310
310
285
357
352
464
485
432
515
135
162
167
211
196
136
177
209
151
177
1,386
1,352
1,437
1,597
1,646
580
617
651
608
612
806
735
786
989
1,034
371
382
423
433
446
414
489
621
681
640
1,219
1,328
1,391
1,509
1,583
841
900
940
1,007
1,071
336
439
413
348
388
505
461
527
659
683
210
235
203
253
241
163
198
248
249
271
3,213
3,276
3,544
3,808
3,966
1,838
1,808
1,967
2,042
2,074
698
604
643
717
664
1,140
1,204
1,324
1,325
1,410
611
690
656
811
821
764
778
921
955
1,071
1,862
2,008
2,298
2,359
2,784
1,185
1,218
1,367
1,417
1,606
410
407
525
508
516
775
811
842
909
1,090
360
447
433
453
537
317
348
493
489
641
6,815
7,218
7,376
7,813
8,083
3,885
4,300
4,265
4,446
4,434
2,079
2,302
2,228
2,477
2,442
704
840
753
843
829
1,375
1,462
1,475
1,634
1,613
750
835
843
811
770
1,056
1,163
1,194
1,158
1,222
2,930
2,918
3,111
3,367
3,649
1,710
1,661
1,795
2,021
2,092
576
577
624
677
691
1,134
1,084
1,171
1,344
1,401
566
598
592
571
650
654
659
724
775
907
8,098
8,399
8,837
8,934
4,349
4,525
4,768
4,702
2,340
2,354
2,577
2,516
751
729
848
765
1,589
1,625
1,729
1,751
814
858
894
919
1,195
1,313
1,297
1,267
3,740
3,875
4,069
4,232
2,006
1,969
2,109
2,269
610
627
698
694
1,396
1,342
1,411
1,575
750
815
841
821
984
1,091
1,119
1,142
1,199
1,248
1,214
4,376
4,342
4,117
4,125
464
422
399
1,128
1,040
1,062
2,655
2,664
4,209
3,494
2,912
2,685
2,682
4,091
3,856
3,756
3,620
3,647
380
296
350
311
257
2,732
2,576
2,446
2,350
2,433
3,007
3,076
3,198
3,320
3,546
3,755
3,683
3,467
3,653
3,599
299
282
240
284
250
2,431
2,442
2,234
2,420
2,398
n
( 1)
n
n
i 1)
i 1)
i 1)
(')
n
(>)
(>)
n
n
n
i 1)
n
n
n
( 1)
(i )
H
( 1)
H
N
C
1947
1948
1949
10,421
10,306
6,304
6,181
808
680
625
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
10,049
8,920
8,194
7,823
7,691
5,958
5,064
4,438
4,204
4,044
578
512
566
500
407
65
52
434
355
1,172
1,058
960
1,019
955
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
8,155
8,073
7,975
8,296
8,530
4,400
4,390
4,507
4,643
4,931
428
422
362
399
366
54
40
31
56
31
374
382
331
343
335
965
892
947
924
1,019
H
(')
H
(l )
H
H
H
(>)
( 1)
H
n
(')
n
n
of table.
126
n
i 1)
i 1)
n
n
n
il)
n
H
n
W
H
n
23
29
(x)
288
228
979
984
960
959
957
23
23
16
26
20
276
259
225
258
230
1,025
959
993
949
951
( 1)
Table 66. Employment status of the population 14 to 24 years old by school enrollment, sex, and
age, October, 1947-78— Continued
Males
School enrollment and year
Both
sexes,
14 to
24
years
Females
14 to 17 years
Total,
14 to
24
years
Total
14 to 17 years
16
and
17
years
14
and
15
years
18
and
19
years
20 to
24
years
Total,
14 to
24
years
Total
14
and
15
years
16
and
17
years
18 .
and
19
years
20 to
24
years
Civilian labor force (thousands)— Continued
NOT E N R O LLE D — Continued
1960..........................................................
1961..........................................................
1962..........................................................
1963..........................................................
1964..........................................................
8,913
9,230
9,149
9,314
9,892
5,124
5,228
5,071
5,158
5,490
383
353
304
293
273
27
32
26
20
10
356
321
278
273
263
1,075
1,115
1,065
1,061
1,100
3,666
3,760
3,702
3,804
4,117
3,789
4,002
4,078
4,156
4,402
297
263
235
227
233
24
20
12
10
18
273
243
223
217
215
1,060
1,173
1,130
1,133
1,135
2,432
2,566
2,713
2,796
3,034
1965..........................................................
1966 ..........................................................
1967..........................................................
1968 ..........................................................
1969..........................................................
10,131
10,333
10*534
10*637
11 *207
5,518
5,414
5*454
5,336
5*597
356
276
264
240
264
14
18
20
23
17
342
258
244
217
247
1,232
1,192
1,118
1,091
1,136
3,930
3,946
4,072
4,005
4,197
4,613
4,919
5,080
5,301
5,610
205
208
208
175
218
11
12
14
17
12
194
196
200
158
206
1,297
1,385
1,311
1,278
1,346
3,111
3,326
3,555
3,848
4,046
1970..........................................................
1971..........................................................
1972..........................................................
1973..........................................................
1974..........................................................
12,208
12729
13^921
14,877
15^309
6,317
6*701
7*455
8,042
8*283
285
262
326
371
405
29
21
25
32
32
256
241
301
339
373
1,324
1,386
1,592
1,743
1,841
4,708
5,053
5,537
5,928
6,037
5,891
6,028
6,466
6,835
7,026
189
206
248
278
305
10
10
16
24
22
179
196
232
254
283
1,342
1,292
1,463
1,613
1,658
4,360
4,530
4,755
4,944
5,063
1975..........................................................
1976 ..........................................................
1977..........................................................
1978..........................................................
15,134
15,590
16*199
16,839
8,166
8,439
8710
8,992
311
308
337
335
17
16
17
19
294
292
320
316
1,780
1,823
1,871
1,912
6,075
6,308
6,502
6,745
6,968
7,151
7,489
7,847
262
258
298
287
12
27
19
17
250
231
279
270
1,545
1,634
1,646
1,702
5,161
5,259
5,545
5,858
Labor force participation rate 2
EN R O LLED
P)
P)
p)
n
25.4
27.9
27.5
26.8
31.2
P)
p)
P)
P)
p)
14.6
17.1
11.7
14.1
15.1
p)
P)
p>
p>
P)
P)
21.2
14.4
24.4
23.3
33.5
(!)
(!)
(!)
(!)
36.0
40.5
27.3
25.9
39.1
20.1
20.1
13.9
14.5
18.0
18.0
18.2
13.9
12.8
15.7
(i)
P)
(!)
29.0
31.2
36.0
32.2
31.4
32.1
27.4
9.2
9.5
P)
P)
P)
17.9
23.8
27.7
28.6
16.9
17.8
23.4
32.5
32.8
29.9
26.6
36.6
22.3
22.0
21.3
18.7
21.1
37.3
36.0
36.2
36.2
33.5
43.9
39.4
38.3
34.4
35.9
41.7
46.0
46.3
49.4
49.9
19.4
21:8
21.3
19.1
21.2
16.4
18.7
18.0
15.6
18.2
12.6
12.9
11.9
10.7
13.7
21.4
26.8
26.6
22.4
23.5
28.1
27.1
26.6
31.6
28.7
42.0
48.9
47.6
38.4
45.3
26.4
23.7
23.8
24.9
24.7
20.2
18.2
18.2
17.5
17.6
34.0
31.8
32.0
33.7
32.5
34.9
32.6
34.9
36.7
36.0
44.2
49.5
52.8
49.9
48.0
19.8
19.8
19.4
19.7
19.7
16.8
16.5
16.5
16.5
16.8
12.2
13.6
12.1
10.4
11.6
22.6
20.7
23.1
23.8
22.7
27.9
30.1
21.8
28.7
25.2
40.6
40.3
45.3
38.4
37.8
32.6
31.9
33.8
34.8
35.0
27.8
26.7
28.2
28.4
28.1
19.7
16.6
17.2
18.7
16.9
37.2
38.5
40.9
39.4
40.8
36.2
37.5
40.1
42.9
43.5
49.0
46.7
49.5
51.2
51.7
22.0
23.0
25.0
24.9
28.3
18.5
18.7
20.5
20.5
22.7
11.9
11.5
14.4
13.6
13.5
26.0
27.1
27.8
28.5
33.4
29.0
33.5
31.2
31.8
36.7
39.6
39.0
43.7
43.6
49.0
31.7
32.4
32.9
35.0
35.6
34.0
36.2
35.9
37.9
37.5
27.6
29.8
28.6
31.6
30.9
17.6
20.6
18.3
20.3
19.8
38.9
40.2
40.1
44.2
43.4
41.2
43.1
45.4
45.5
44.5
51.2
52.5
53.2
54.7
55.5
29.1
28.0
29.6
31.9
33.5
23.5
22.4
24.0
26.9
27.4
14.9
14.6
15.7
17.0
17.1
33.5
31.3
33.5
38.0
39.2
37.7
37.0
37.0
38.1
39.5
50.5
47.4
49.9
50.3
56.2
34.3
35.3
37.3
38.3
35.3
36.9
38.9
39.2
29.1
29.4
32.5
32.2
17.7
17.3
20.5
18.9
41.7
42.8
45.6
46.6
42.0
45.0
46.6
48.3
51.2
55.7
54.0
55.3
33.2
33.6
35.6
37.5
26.2
25.8
27.8
30.1
15.0
15.5
17.5
17.7
38.9
37.3
39.1
43.4
41.1
43.8
45.6
45.7
55.1
54.0
56.3
58.4
(1)
69.9
96.7 1
P)
89.8
89.6
85.7
(1)
P)
P)
p)
93.5
95.6
94.4
(1)
96.3
95.3
p)
95.4
94.0
49.6
50.2
54.3
55.5
50.1
P)
P)
P)
P)
P)
P)
61.0
58.8
60.8
(1)
46.0
47.0
1947..........................................................
1948..........................................................
1949..........................................................
20.5
21.2
25.2
24.6
22.1
24.2
22.5
1950..........................................................
1951..........................................................
1952..........................................................
1953..........................................................
1954..........................................................
26.3
25.3
21.0
19.5
23.2
31.6
30.0
26.2
23.9
27.7
29.9
28.0
25.2
22.2
25.8
(!)
(!)
17.3
20.7
1955..........................................................
1956..........................................................
1957 ..........................................................
1958..........................................................
1959..........................................................
26.5
27.3
26.8
25.3
26.5
32.5
32.0
31.5
30.6
31.1
28.9
27.9
27.5
26.3
26.9
1960..........................................................
1961..........................................................
1962..........................................................
1963..........................................................
1964..........................................................
25.3
24.4
24.8
25.4
25.0
30.0
28.3
29.5
30.3
29.6
1965..........................................................
1966..........................................................
1967..........................................................
1968..........................................................
1969............................ ..............................
27.7
27.8
29.7
30.2
31.9
1970..........................................................
1971..........................................................
1972..........................................................
1973..........................................................
1974 ..........................................................
1975..........................................................
1976..........................................................
1977 ..........................................................
1978..........................................................
P)
P)
NOT E N R O LLE D
1947..........................................................
1948..........................................................
1949..........................................................
P)
p)
See footnotes at end of table.
127
Table 66. Employment status of the population 14 to 24 years old by school enrollment, sex, and
age, October, 1947-78— Continued
Males
School enrollment and year
Both
sexes,
14 to
24
years
Females
14 to 17 years
Total,
14 to
24
years
Total
14
and
15
years
14 to 17 years
16
and
17
years
18
and
19
years
20 to
24
years
Total,
14 to
24
years
Total
14
and
15
years
18
and
19
years
20 to
24
years
49.5
47.4
46.2
46.1
48.3
Labor force participation rate2— Continued
NOT E N R O LLE D — Continued
1950..........................................................
195 1 ..........................................................
1952..........................................................
1953..........................................................
1954..........................................................
71.0
68.4
66.6
66.7
65.8
94.7
94.8
92.9
94.6
91.2
87.7
81.5
88.2
85.5
80.1
1955..........................................................
1956..........................................................
1957..........................................................
1958..........................................................
1959..........................................................
68.1
68.2
66.9
68.0
67.6
94.5
93 3
94.0
94.1
94.1
1960..........................................................
1961..........................................................
1962..........................................................
1963..........................................................
1964..................... ....................................
68.6
68.5
68.8
68.6
69.8
1965..........................................................
1966..........................................................
1967..........................................................
1968..........................................................
1969..........................................................
(3)
(3)
86.5
84.9
95.8
95.0
93.0
95.9
89.5
81.4
80.5
79.6
80.6
76.4
52.4
88.4
84.9
83.2
84.5
80.1
94.8
90.7
92.8
93.0
92.9
96.7
96.2
96.4
96.3
96.8
51.3
51.7
48.7
50.2
48.8
44.4
46.8
39.2
43.6
42.1
94 4
92.7
93.8
93.9
93.7
77.2
72.8
74.3
74.2
68.8
(3)
81.8
76.8
76.4
78.2
72.5
92.8
90.1
92.3
93.5
92.0
97.1
96.0
96.3
95.9
96.6
50.1
51.1
51.7
51.5
53.0
49.3
46.1
38.5
40.3
41.1
f31
70.2
70.3
70.7
70.3
72.1
93 7
93.7
92.6
90.9
92 0
78.2
69.3
67.9
63.8
67.7
(3)
81.4
73.5
75.5
71.1
78.4
91.2
88.6
87.9
87.8
88.2
96.3
97.7
96.3
94.2
95.3
54.0
55.2
56.4
57.3
59.3
41.3
41.6
40.2
35.8
41.4
(3)
1970.........................................................
1971..........................................................
1972.........................................................
1973.........................................................
1974.........................................................
72.7
73.2
75.2
76.4
77.9
91 4
91.6
92.0
92.1
92.6
69.5
68.9
65.9
70.5
71.7
75.7
73.5
75.4
77.4
78.0
86.7
88.6
89.7
90.0
89.8
94.6
94.0
94.9
94.5
95.4
59.6
59.8
62.1
63.7
65.6
36.9
41.0
41.7
43.4
49.5
197 5 .........................................................
1976.........................................................
1977.........................................................
1978..........................................................
77.3
78.6
80.1
81.2
91.7
91.7
92.9
92.7
67.8
67.1
70.2
66.1
75.4
73.4
75.7
71.7
91.2
88.9
91.6
92.2
93.5
94.2
94.8
94.7
65.4
67.3
69.0
71.1
43.1
43.4
51.9
55.1
14.5
29.7
n
(*)
(!)
(2)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
22.7
(3)
(3)
26.0
36.4
36.8
\ /
(3)
(3)
(3)
n
P)
95.5
97.1
93.9
96.1
93.7
52:0
50.1
49.9
49.7
50.2
51.7
47.1
53.7
47.7
39.9
D
n
H
(!)
(*)
(3)
49.9
42.1
60.7
60.5
60.4
62.2
60.6
47.3
49.6
44.1
45.7
44.7
61.9
60.4
61.6
59.3
57.5
48.6
49.5
45.6
48.2
46.8
50.8
50.9
43.2
43.8
42.6
60.3
60.2
61.7
61.3
60.2
46.7
48.4
49.8
49.3
51.8
42.9
44.1
43.0
38.9
45.3
63.3
62.9
63.6
62.9
66.0
51.8
53.6
55.4
57.1
58.6
41.1
44.4
46.9
48.8
53.5
63.7
61.2
65.5
66.4
69.2
60.0
60.7
62.7
64.5
65.8
47.6
45.8
55.2
58.8
66.9
70.1
70.2
71.5
66.6
68.3
69.9
72.1
84
61
105
45
46
67
86
76
82
87
116
28.2
(3)
f 3)
15.7
( 3)
(3)
f3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3\
V /
f31
20.5
f 3)
13.0
f31
16.0
20.2
25.3
f3)
(3)
m
V /
Employed (thousands)
EN R O LLED
1947.........................................................
1948..........................................................
1949..........................................................
1,600
1,794
1 761
1,090
1,219
1,113
724
814
724
1950..........................................................
1951..........................................................
195 2 ..........................................................
1953..........................................................
1954..........................................................
2,331
2,208
1,914
1,822
2,206
1,522
1,370
1,266
1,179
1,396
1,028
968
910
815
964
375
441
1955..........................................................
1956..........................................................
1957..........................................................
1958..........................................................
1959....... ................... '..............................
2,556
2,856
2,983
2,886
3,145
1,700
1,792
1,869
1,866
1,971
1,124
1,131
1,202
1,171
1,250
1960..........................................................
1961..........................................................
1962..........................................................
1963..........................................................
1964..........................................................
3,150
3,255
3,562
3,841
3,933
2,006
2,025
2,282
2,485
2,508
1965..........................................................
1966..........................................................
1967..........................................................
196 8 ..........................................................
196 9 ..........................................................
4,652
4,914
5,244
5,616
6,049
1970..........................................................
1971..........................................................
1972..........................................................
1973..........................................................
1974..........................................................
5,967
6,298
6,472
6,940
7,040
P)
(X)
V 9
n
n
p\
p\
(1)
(1)
n
n
141
182
156
225
223
234
510
575
648
381
468
477
fl\
PI
v )
(')
n
ln
v )
262
236
170
163
245
809
838
648
643
810
585
638
492
467
573
p\
n
m
\ /
m
t )
(>)
PI
440
523
232
166
186
201
187
197
199
270
374
139
124
74
89
121
491
530
556
475
549
633
601
646
696
701
297
299
275
281
299
279
362
392
414
422
856
1,064
1,114
1,020
1,174
598
733
750
677
818
263
306
298
280
347
335
427
452
397
471
124
158
161
198
185
134
173
203
145
171
1,278
1,211
1,317
1,446
1,501
561
571
617
580
571
717
640
700
866
930
332
343
382
393
408
396
471
583
646
599
1,144
1,230
1,280
1^356
1,425
783
831
870
904
961
326
423
392
320
379
457
408
478
584
582
197
216
181
223
215
164
183
229
229
249
2,920
3,044
3,150
3,457
3,583
1,657
1,657
1,692
1,808
1,846
656
564
556
641
618
1,001
1,093
1,136
1,167
1,228
536
634
582
737
739
727
753
876
912
998
1,732
1,870
2,094
2,159
2,466
1,111
1,134
1,251
1,293
1,399
403
395
500
485
469
708
739
751
808
930
326
404
383
404
466
295
332
460
462
601
3,371
3,740
3,752
3,933
3,887
1,775
1,942
1,903
2,135
2,086
627
753
657
738
725
1,148
1,189
1,246
1,397
1,361
635
735
747
720
686
961
1,063
1,102
1,078
1,115
2,596
2,558
2,720
3,007
3,153
1,488
1,437
1,544
1,758
1,757
534
523
566
630
609
954
914
978
1,128
1,148
488
517
505
511
557
620
604
671
738
839
(i)
See footnotes at end of table.
16
and
17
years
128
V
9
l 1)
Table 66. Employment status of the population 14 to 24 years old by school enrollment, sex, and
See footnotes at end of table.
129
Table 66. Employment status of the population 14 to 24 years old by school enrollment, sex, and
age, October, 1947-78— Continued
Males
School enrollment and year
Both
sexes,
14 to
24
years
Females
14 to 17 years
Total,
14 to
24
years
Total
14
and
15
years
14 to 17 years
16
and
17
years
18
and
19
years
20 to
24
years
Total,
14 to
24
years
Total
14
and
15
years
16
and
17
years
18
and
19
years
20 to
24
years
Unemployed (thousands)— Continued
E N R O LLE D — Continued
1966.........................................................
1967.........................................................
196 8 .........................................................
196 9 .........................................................
370
598
551
701
232
394
351
383
151
275
234
228
40
87
76
46
111
188
158
182
56
74
74
82
25
45
43
73
138
204
200
318
84
116
124
207
12
25
23
47
72
91
101
160
43
50
49
71
11
38
27
40
1970..........................................................
1971..........................................................
1972..........................................................
1973..........................................................
1974.........................................................
848
920
904
873
1,050
514
560
513
513
551
304
360
325
342
358
77
87
96
105
106
227
273
229
237
252
115
100
96
91
85
95
100
92
80
108
334
360
391
360
499
222
224
251
263
336
42
54
58
47
82
180
170
193
216
254
78
81
87
60
93
34
55
53
37
70
197 5 .........................................................
197 6 .........................................................
197 7 .........................................................
1978..........................................................
1,184
1,156
1,209
1,147
630
659
652
635
371
411
434
426
94
93
165
129
277
318
269
297
115
126
119
128
144
122
99
81
554
497
557
512
346
304
344
328
78
77
97
82
268
227
247
246
118
110
129
104
90
83
84
80
n
H
H
H
H
89
94
146
n
H
189
464
184
371
42
29
50
(*)
(1)
H
n
(')
54
48
114
107
207
144
114
112
66
215
243
188
186
152
279
38
32
34
32
51
<)
*
2
4
30
47
74
60
66
50
95
131
96
86
71
133
2
5
27
22
32
58
35
74
66
60
104
125
142
132
112
192
179
3
52
49
42
75
56
138
170
139
169
174
178
243
238
297
245
NOT EN R O LLED
1947.........................................................
1948.........................................................
1949.........................................................
519
1,085
335
714
89
53
104
1950.........................................................
195 1 .........................................................
195 2 .........................................................
1953.........................................................
1954.........................................................
522
388
394
324
621
279
200
208
171
342
63
38
60
58
68
V)
n
(')
(T
2
8
56
56
72
48
36
48
63
1955..........................................................
1956.........................................................
1957..........................................................
1958..........................................................
1959..........................................................
504
480
576
928
828
259
255
372
570
486
71
62
58
96
89
2
9
7
8
3
69
53
51
88
86
57
47
103
153
154
131
146
211
321
243
245
225
203
358
342
29
27
31
62
38
.....
1960..............................................
1961..........................................................
1962.................................................. ........
1963..........................................................
1964.......................... ................................
896
1,031
874
1,022
962
520
568
455
481
484
71
77
46
59
39
6
8
4
3
65
69
42
56
39
177
170
138
157
146
272
321
271
265
299
376
463
419
541
478
60
50
42
75
59
1965..........................................................
1966..........................................................
1967..........................................................
1968..........................................................
1969..........................................................
772
748
873
802
824
349
283
337
324
340
56
51
56
30
41
1
6
6
3
56
50
50
33
38
128
100
120
104
101
165
132
161
181
198
423
465
536
478
484
46
55
48
42
58
2
4
1
3
46
53
44
41
55
178
175
211
165
148
199
235
277
271
278
1970..........................................................
1971..........................................................
1972..........................................................
1973..........................................................
1974..........................................................
1,333
1,398
1,475
1,227
1,659
704
715
711
568
841
76
64
72
78
88
3
4
2
8
6
73
60
70
70
82
187
202
189
173
282
441
449
450
317
471
629
683
764
659
818
53
63
60
55
73
1
4
1
5
2
52
59
59
50
71
220
216
223
223
281
356
404
481
381
464
1975..........................................................
1976..........................................................
1977..........................................................
197 8 ..........................................................
2,262
2,176
1,931
1,692
1,207
1,102
923
827
110
90
90
100
5
7
4
4
105
83
86
96
331
316
263
219
766
696
570
508
1,055
1,074
1,008
865
96
91
70
74
2
6
3
3
94
85
67
71
293
302
298
268
666
681
640
523
5.6
(3)
1.9
(x)
(3)
(3)
4.2
1.6
(3)
(3)
(3)
n
H
n
(')
n
n
4
3
8
1
—
_
n
i 1)
(')
n
n
Unemployment rate
EN R O LLED
1947............................. .............................
1948..........................................................
1949..........................................................
(!)
W
H
(*)
5.4
4.7
4.9
7.9
9.7
2.5
4.7
3.1
2.1
5.0
i 1)
n
i 1)
(*)
(')
H
H
H
(*)
3.6
7.0
2.7
2.3
6.6
(1)
3.3
6.2
1950..........................................................
1951..........................................................
1952..........................................................
195 3 ..........................................................
195 4 ..........................................................
3.7
3.6
3.3
3.5
5.4
3.4
4.1
3.4
3.8
6.7
3.6
4.3
3.8
4.7
6.5
H
(1)
r)
H
0)
H
4.3
3.0
3.4
2.7
3.1
4.7
2.7
3.9
1.5
3.2
H
0)
C1)
7.0
8.1
.8
3.3
1.2
1.2
7.5
H
(»)
H
1.8
4.5
5.3
3.5
3.1
2.4
6.5
2.0
2.5
3.9
4.0
(3)
1.7
1955..........................................................
1956..........................................................
1957..........................................................
1958..........................................................
5.5
5.0
5.6
7.4
5.6
5.4
6.1
8.4
5.1
5.2
5.8
8.2
3.7
3.1
4.5
7.6
6.2
7.0
6.9
8.7
10.0
6.3
8.0
9.1
2.4
5.2
5.4
4 .4
5 .5
4.9
8.4
5 .5
5.7
5.3
5.7
5.6
6.7
1.3
3.9
1.8
4.8
8.0
6.8
8.1
8.1
2.5
3.6
6.2
1.5
2.3
2.9
4.0
See
footnotes at end of table.
130
n
n
(3)
(3)
Table 66. Employment status of the population 14 to 24 years old by school enrollment, sex, and
age, October, 1947-78— Continued
Females
Males
School enrollment and year
Both
sexes,
14 to
24
years
14 to 17 years
14 to 17 years
Total,
14 to
24
years
Total
14
and
15
years
16
and
17
years
18
and
19
years
20 to
24
years
Total,
14 to
24
years
Total
14
and
15
years
16
and
17
years
18
and
19
years
20 to
24
years
Unemployment rate— Continued
E N R O LLE D — Continued
1 9 5 9 ...........................................................................................
6.8
7.4
7 .6
4 .4
1 0 .0
9 .4
5 .2
5.7
6 .2
2 .8
8 .5
5 .6
3 .4
1 9 6 0 ..........................................................................................
1 9 6 1 ...........................................................................................
1 9 6 2 ...........................................................................................
1 9 6 3 ..........................................................................................
1 9 6 4 ...........................................................................................
7.1
8 .3
8.0
9.0
8 .9
7.6
8 .9
8 .0
8 .3
8 .2
7 .8
1 0 .4
8 .4
9 .5
8 .8
3 .3
7 .5
5.2
4 .6
6 .7
1 1 .0
12.9
1 0 .9
1 2.4
10.1
1 0.5
1 0.2
9 .7
9 .2
8 .5
4 .3
3 .7
6.1
5.1
6 .4
6 .2
7 .4
8 .0
10.1
1 0 .0
6 .9
7 .7
7 .4
1 0 .2
10.3
3 .0
3 .6
5.1
8 .0
2 .3
9 .5
1 1 .5
9 .3
1 1.4
1 4 .8
6 .2
8.1
1 0 .8
1 1 .9
1 0 .8
2 .4
5 .2
7 .7
8 .0
8.1
1 9 6 5 ...........................................................................................
1 9 6 6 .................................................................... ......................
1 9 6 7 ..........................................................................................
1 9 6 8 ...........................................................................................
1 9 6 9 ...........................................................................................
8.3
7.5
10.2
8.9
10.4
9.1
7.6
11.1
9.2
9 .7
9 .8
8 .4
1 4 .0
11.5
1 1 .0
6 .0
6 .6
1 3 .5
1 0 .6
6 .9
1 2.2
9 .2
1 4 .2
1 1 .9
1 2 .9
12.3
8.1
11.3
9.1
10.0
4 .8
3 .2
4 .9
4 .5
6 .8
7 .0
7 .4
8 .9
8 .5
1 1 .4
6 .2
6 .9
8 .5
8 .8
12.9
1.7
2 .9
4 .8
4 .5
9.1
8 .6
8 .9
1 0 .8
11.1
1 4 .7
9 .4
9 .6
1 1 .5
10.8
1 3.2
6 .9
3 .2
7 .6
5 .5
6 .2
1 9 7 0 ..........................................................................................
1 9 7 1 ...........................................................................................
1 9 7 2 ...........................................................................................
1 9 7 3 ..........................................................................................
1 9 7 4 ..........................................................................................
12.4
12.7
12.3
11.2
13.0
13.2
13.0
12.0
11.5
12.4
1 4 .6
1 5.6
1 4 .6
1 3 .8
1 4 .7
10.9
10.4
12.7
12.5
12.8
1 6 .5
1 8 .7
1 5 .5
1 4 .5
1 5 .6
15.3
12.0
11.4
1 1.2
11.0
9 .0
8 .6
7 .7
6 .9
8 .8
1 1.4
1 2.3
1 2 .6
1 0.7
1 3.7
1 3 .0
13.5
14.0
1 3 .0
16.1
7 .3
9 .4
9 .3
6 .9
1 1.9
1 5 .9
15.7
1 6 .5
16.1
18.1
1 3 .8
13.5
1 4.7
1 0.5
1 4.3
5 .2
8 .3
7 .3
4 .8
7 .7
1 9 7 5 ...........................................................................................
1 9 7 6 ...........................................................................................
1 9 7 7 ...........................................................................................
1 9 7 8 ...........................................................................................
14.6
13.8
13.7
12.8
14.5
14.6
13.7
13.5
1 5 .9
1 7 .5
16.8
1 6 .9
1 2 .5
12.8
1 9 .5
1 6 .9
1 7.4
1 9 .6
1 5 .6
1 7 .0
14.1
1 4 .7
13.3
13.9
12.1
9 .3
7 .6
6 .4
1 4.8
12.8
1 3 .7
12.1
1 7.2
15.4
16.3
14.5
1 2.8
12.3
1 3 .9
1 1 .8
19.2
1 6 .9
17.5
1 5 .6
1 5.7
13.5
15.3
12.7
9.1
7 .6
7 .5
7 .0
n
n
n
( ')
(*)
7 .4
7 .5
1 2 .0
(*)
(*)
4 .5
9 .0
9.1
6 .9
1 2 .5
n
( ')
4 .3
1 0.7
( 1)
5 .0
4 .6
1 0 .7
{ ')
4 .0
7 .8
3 .4
5 .9
4 .5
4 .3
4 .2
( ')
7 .6
6.1
6 .9
5 .2
4 .8
3 .7
3 .5
3 .0
9.9
5.5
9 .8
8 .5
1 4 .2
2 2 .5
1 5 .2
7.2
6 .9
6 .0
1 1 .0
13.1
5 .8
5 .4
5 .0
7 .9
7 .5
1 9 .0
2 0 .2
1 8 .8
3 4 .6
2 6 .0
1 3 .0
1 4 .5
1 2 .3
1 4.9
1 5.3
7 .3
9 .5
1 0 .6
8.1
2 3 .7
2 7 .0
2 2 .0
2 5 .9
2 6 .7
1 3 .7
1 2 .6
16.1
1 2.9
1 1 .0
6 .4
7.1
7 .8
7 .0
6 .9
2 9 .0
30.1
2 5 .4
1 9 .7
25.1
1 6.4
1 6 .7
1 5 .2
1 3 .8
1 6 .9
8 .2
8 .9
10.1
3 7 .6
3 6 .8
2 4 .0
2 6 .3
1 9 .0
1 8 .5
18.1
1 5 .7
1 2 .9
1 2 .9
1 1.5
8 .9
NOT ENROLLED
n
1947
1 9 4 8 ...........................................................................................
1 9 4 9 ...........................................................................................
5.0
10.5
5.3
11.6
1 1 .0
7 .8
16.6
1 9 5 0 ...........................................................................................
1 9 5 1 ...........................................................................................
1 9 5 2 ...........................................................................................
1 9 5 3 ...........................................................................................
1 9 5 4 ...........................................................................................
5.2
4.3
4 .8
4.1
8.1
4 .7
3.8
4.9
4.1
8.5
10.9
7 .4
1 0 .6
1 1 .6
1 5 .7
1 9 5 5 ...........................................................................................
1 9 5 6 ...........................................................................................
1 9 5 7 ...........................................................................................
1 9 5 8 ..........................................................................................
1 9 5 9 ...........................................................................................
6.2
5.9
7 .2
11.2
9.7
5.9
5.8
8.3
12.3
1 6 .6
14.7
1 6.0
24.1
2 4 .3
1 9 6 0 ...........................................................................................
1 9 6 1 ...........................................................................................
1 9 6 2 .......... ................................................................................
1 9 6 3 ...........................................................................................
1 9 6 4 ...........................................................................................
10.1
11.2
9.6
11.0
9.7
10.1
10.9
9.0
9.3
1 9 6 5 ...........................................................................................
1 9 6 6 .......................................................................................... :
1 9 6 7 .......................................................... ............................... j
1 9 6 8 . . .........................................................................................
1 9 6 9 ............................................................................................
7.6
7.8
8.3
7 .5
7 .4
6.3
5.5
6 .2
6.1
1 9 7 0 ..........................................................................................
1 9 7 1 ............................................................................................
1 9 7 2 ............................................................................................
1 9 7 3 ...........................................................................................
1 9 7 4 . . . . ......................................................................................
10.9
11.0
10.6
8 .2
10.8
11.1
10.7
9.5
7.1
10.2
2 6 .7
2 4 .4
22.1
2 1 .0
2 1 .7
1 9 7 5 .......................................................................................... 1
1 9 7 6 .......................................................................................... j
1 9 7 7 .......................................................................................... J
1 9 7 8 .......................................................................................... j
14.9
14.0
11.9
10.0
14.8
13.1
10.6
9.2
3 5 .4
2 9 .2
2 6 .7
2 9 .9
9.9
8.8
6.1
1 8 .5
2 1 .8
15.1
20.1
1 4.3
1 5 .7
1 8 .5
2 1 .2
1 6 .2
1 5 .5
( ')
n
( 1)
H
(*)
n
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
( 3)
(3)
( 3)
(3)
(3)
( 3)
(3)
(3)
( 3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
( 3)
(3)
(3)
( 3)
1 Not available.
2 Percent of the civilian noninstitutional population in the civilian labor
force.
3 For years prior to 1967, percent not shown where base is less than
n
131
C
)
12.9
1 5 .8
6.1
4 .5
3 .8
4 .7
6.6
3.3
3 .8
2 .5
8 .0
7.7
10.0
10.8
9 .7
10.3
19.8
9 .7
9 .6
1 2 .9
2 1 .8
1 5 .2
9.9
18.4
1 3 .9
1 5 .4
2 5 .7
2 5 .7
5 .9
5.3
10.9
1 6 .6
15.1
4 .4
4 .7
9 .7
6 .9
6 .5
6.1
5 .9
9 .8
9 .5
18.3
2 1 .5
15.1
2 0 .5
14.8
16.5
15.2
1 3 .0
1 4 .8
13.3
7 .4
8 .5
7 .3
7 .0
7 .3
1 1 .6
10.3
1 3 .0
1 0 .9
2 0 .2
1 9 .0
1 7 .9
3 3 .0
2 5 .3
1 6 .4
1 9 .4
2 0 .5
1 5 .2
1 5 .4
1 0 .4
8 .4
10.7
9 .5
8 .9
4 .2
3 .3
4 .0
4 .5
4 .7
9 .2
1 0 .4
1 0 .6
9 .0
8 .6
2 2 .4
2 6 .4
2 2 .4
2 4 .0
2 6 .6
2 8 .5
2 4 .9
2 3 .3
2 0 .6
2 2 .0
14.1
1 4 .6
1 1 .9
9 .4
8 .9
8.1
5 .3
7 .8
1 0.7
1 1 .3
1 1.8
9 .6
1 1 .6
2 8 .0
3 0 .6
2 4 .2
1 9 .8
2 3 .9
3 5 .7
2 8 .4
2 6 .9
3 0 .4
1 8 .6
1 7.3
14.1
1 1.5
1 2 .6
1 1 .0
15.1
1 5 .0
1 3 .5
1 1 .0
3 6 .6
3 5 .3
2 3 .5
2 5 .8
9.9
1 5.3
6.6
8.8
7 .5
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
n
( 3)
( 3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
( 3)
( 3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
( 3)
(3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
(3)
( 3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
( 3)
1 0 .4
2 0 .6
8.8
7.7
9 .2
100,000; for 1967 forward, percent not shown where base is less than
75,000.
Note : Because the number of 14- to 15-year-olds who are not enrolled in
school is very small, the sampling variability for this group is relatively high.
Table 67. Employment status of high school graduates not enrolled in college and of school
dropouts 16 to 24 years old by selected characteristics, October, 1960-78
[Numbers in thousands]
High school graduates
School dropouts
Civilian labor force
Total
Year and characteristic
Civilian
noninstitutional
popula
tion
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Per
cent
of
civil
ian
labor
force
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
popu
lation
921
348
573
473
706
308
398
359
76.7
88.5
69.5
75.9
599
262
337
308
107
46
61
51
100
848
73
39
653
53
39.0
77.0
10
85
22
13.0
n
29
568
31
916
345
571
482
730
297
433
392
79.7
86.1
75.8
81.3
599
242
357
326
131
55
76
66
89
814
102
41
651
79
80.0
77.4
31
545
54
10
106
25
16.3
938
392
546
469
746
356
390
352
79.5
90.8
71.4
75.1
641
305
336
309
105
51
54
43
77
820
118
38
657
89
80.1
75.4
27
568
73
11
89
16
957
379
578
489
755
340
415
368
78.9
89.7
71.8
75.3
619
275
344
311
89
879
78
47
690
65
78.5
1,108
427
681
574
863
388
475
432
107
997
111
43
773
90
Em
ployed
Num
ber
Total
Not in
labor
force
Civilian
noninstitutional
popula
tion
215
40
175
114
Unemployed
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
popu
lation
344
165
179
110
214
126
88
71
62.2
76.4
49.2
64.5
69
273
71
17
163
51
59.7
n
61
195
20
17.9
18.5
17.6
16.8
186
48
138
90
354
179
175
119
239
150
89
75
H
48
163
23
56
283
71
14.1
14.3
13.8
12.2
192
36
156
117
Em
ployed
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
civil
ian
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
18.2
19.0
130
39
91
39
1960
T o ta l...............................
M a le s .....................................
Fem ales.................................
S in g le.................................
Married, widowed,
divorced, separated.......
W hite......................................
Black and other.....................
15.2
14.9
15.3
14.2
175
102
73
60
39
24
15
11
( ')
13
133
42
4
30
9
67.5
83.8
50.9
63.0
175
108
67
55
64
42
22
20
14
189
50
(x)
66.8
12
134
41
2
55
9
285
126
159
83
161
107
54
43
56.5
84.9
34.0
115
78
37
28
46
29
17
15
28.6
27.1
13.5
39
163
29
76
210
75
11
113
48
9
83
42
2
30
16
(x)
26.5
65
97
27
136
65
71
57
18.0
19.1
17.1
15.5
202
39
163
121
273
132
141
79
180
110
70
50
123
85
38
25
57
25
32
25
31.7
22.7
93
22
71
29
33
580
39
14
110
26
15.9
H
42
189
13
62
217
56
20
151
29
69.6
n
13
101
22
7
50
7
33.1
(x)
42
66
27
77.9
90.9
69.8
75.3
702
338
364
334
161
50
111
98
18.7
12.9
23.4
22.7
245
39
206
142
606
273
333
192
335
209
126
92
55.3
76.6
37.8
47.9
252
172
80
57
83
37
46
35
24.8
17.7
36.5
H
271
64
207
100
40.2
77.5
81.1
30
644
58
13
129
32
16.8
64
224
21
141
464
142
34
245
90
24.1
52.8
63.4
23
182
70
11
63
20
25.7
n
H
H
(l )
i 1)
( 1)
18.4
(1
)
52
110
20
1961
T o ta l................................
M a le s .....................................
Fem ales.................................
S in g le.................................
Married, widowed,
divorced, separated.......
W hite......................................
Black and other.....................
H
C1)
(')
26.8
28.0
(x)
115
29
86
44
i 1)
42
94
21
(')
29.1
H
1962
T o ta l...............................
M a le s .....................................
Fem ales.................................
S in g le.................................
Married, widowed,
divorced, separated.......
W hite......................................
Black and other.....................
n
H
n
H
H
53.8
n
n
( x)
n
124
19
105
40
1963
T o ta l...............................
M a le s .....................................
Fem ales.................................
Sin g le.................................
Married, widowed,
divorced, separated........
W hite....................................
Black and other.....................
H
n
H
65.9
83.3
49.6
H
i 1)
( x)
( x)
n
1964
T o ta l................................
M a le s .....................................
Fem ales.................................
S in g le .................................
Married, widowed,
divorced, separated.......
W hite............. .........................
Black and other.....................
n
See footnotes at end of table.
132
H
107
219
52
Table 67. Employment status of high school graduates not enrolled in college and of school
dropouts 16 to 24 years old by selected characteristics, October, 1960-78— Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
School dropouts
High school graduates
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Total
Year and selected
characteristic
Civilian
noninstitutional
popula
tion
Civilian labor force
Total
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
civil
ian
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Civilian
noninstitutional
popula
tion
12.4
7.4
16.6
16.3
234
48
186
137
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
popu
lation
1,305
536
769
645
1,071
488
583
508
82.1
91.0
75.8
78.8
938
452
486
425
133
36
97
83
124
1,168
137
75
963
108
60.5
82.4
78.8
61
859
79
14
104
29
1,303
498
805
668
986
435
551
485
75.7
87.3
68.4
72.6
846
397
449
399
137
1,160
143
66
893
93
48.2
77.2
65.0
1,215
484
731
631
956
419
537
486
100
1,065
150
Unemployed
Per
cent
of
civil
ian
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
21.4
19.4
26.5
266
62
204
89
n
115
214
52
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
popu
lation
682
361
321
175
416
299
117
86
61.0
82.8
36.4
49.1
327
241
86
65
89
58
31
21
10.8
26.9
49
205
29
146
541
141
31
327
89
21.2
60.4
63.1
21
253
74
10
74
15
140
38
102
86
14.2
8.7
18.5
17.7
317
63
254
183
589
294
295
175
367
236
131
95
62.3
80.3
44.4
54.3
303
204
99
69
64
32
32
26
50
778
68
16
115
25
12.9
0)
71
267
50
120
454
135
36
290
77
30.0
63.9
57.0
30
243
60
6
47
17
16.2
H
84
164
58
78.7
86.6
73.6
77.0
801
379
422
384
155
40
115
102
16.2
9.5
21.4
21.0
259
65
194
145
614
320
294
173
391
257
134
84
63.7
80.3
45.6
48.6
309
208
101
62
82
49
33
22
21.0
19.1
24.6
26.2
223
63
160
89
51
847
109
51.0
79.6
72.7
38
728
73
13
119
36
14.0
33.0
(*)
49
218
41
121
476
138
50
301
90
41.3
63.3
65.2
39
242
67
11
59
23
19.6
25.6
n
71
175
48
1,162
436
726
591
904
384
520
449
77.8
88.1
71.6
76.0
782
345
437
380
122
39
83
69
13.5
10.2
16.0
15.4
258
52
206
142
610
310
300
170
390
249
141
98
63.9
80.3
47.0
57.6
305
203
102
71
85
46
39
27
21.8
18.5
27.7
27.6
220
61
159
72
135
999
163
71
775
129
52.6
77.4
79.1
57
684
98
14
91
31
11.7
24.0
H
64
224
34
130
462
148
43
305
85
33.1
66.0
57.4
31
245
60
12
60
25
19.7
29.4
H
87
157
63
1,326
540
786
647
1,049
486
563
494
79.1
90.0
71.6
76.4
929
449
480
425
120
37
83
69
11.4
7.6
14.7
14.0
277
54
223
153
661
341
320
185
405
279
126
89
61.3
81.8
39.4
48.1
337
238
99
70
68
41
27
19
16.8
14.7
21.4
21.3
256
62
194
96
139
1,136
190
69
911
138
49.6
80.2
72.6
55
834
95
14
76
43
8.5
31.2
70
232
45
135
519
142
37
316
89
27.4
60.9
62.7
29
267
70
8
49
19
15.5
21.3
n
98
203
53
1,330
602
728
582
1,027
526
501
441
77.2
87.4
68.8
75.8
841
458
383
334
186
68
118
107
18.1
12.9
23.6
24.3
303
76
227
141
712
370
342
222
427
292
135
109
60.0
78.9
39.5
49.1
318
209
109
89
109
83
26
20
25.5
28.4
19.3
18.3
285
78
207
113
146
1,177
153
60
922
105
41.1
78.3
68.6
49
772
69
11
150
36
16.3
34.3
H
86
255
48
120
545
167
26
339
88
21.7
62.2
52.7
20
264
54
6
75
34
22.1
38.6
Em
ployed
Em
ployed
Num
ber
1965
T o ta l................................
M a le s .....................................
Fem ales.................................
S in g le..................................
Married, widowed,
divorced, sep arated .......
W hite......................................
Black and other.....................
n
(')
22.6
n
1966
T o ta l................................
M a le s .....................................
Fem ales.................................
S in g le..................................
Married, widowed,
divorced, sep arated .......
W hite......................................
Black and other.....................
n
17.4
13.6
24.4
H
n
222
58
164
80
1967
T o ta l................................
M a le s .....................................
Fem ales.................................
S in g le .................................
Married, widowed,
divorced, sep arated .......
W hite......................................
Black and other.....................
1968
T o ta l...............................
M a le s .....................................
Fem ales..................................
S in g le.................................
Married, widowed,
divorced, sep arated .......
W hite......................................
Black and other.....................
1969
T o ta l................................
M a le s .....................................
Fem ales.................................
S in g le .................................
Married, widowed,
divorced, separated.......
W hite......................................
Black and other............. ........
n
1970
T o ta l................................
M a le s .....................................
Fem ales..................................
S in g le ..................................
Married, widowed,
divorced, separated.......
W hite......................................
Black and other.....................
See footnotes at end of table.
133
(')
94
206
79
Table 67. Employment status of high school graduates not enrolled in college and of school
dropouts 16 to 24 year old by selected characteristics, October, 1960-78— Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
High school graduates
School dropouts
Civilian labor force
Total
Year and selected
characteristic
Civilian
noninstitutional
popula
tion
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Per
cent
of
civil
ian
labor
force
Total
Not in
labor
force
Civilian
noninstitutional
popula
tion
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
popu
lation
1,336
581
755
612
1,051
523
528
454
78.7
90.0
69.9
74.2
870
450
420
355
181
73
108
99
17.2
14.0
20.5
21.8
285
58
227
158
143
1,190
146
74
944
107
51.7
79.3
73.3
65
801
69
9
143
38
n
15.1
35.5
1,504
671
833
675
1,237
612
625
536
82.2
91.2
75.0
79.4
1,055
537
518
449
182
75
107
87
158
1,322
182
89
1,098
139
56.3
83.1
76.4
69
964
91
1,634
728
906
732
1,317
657
660
562
80.6
90.2
72.8
76.8
174
1,405
229
98
1,158
159
1,627
755
872
698
Unemployed
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
civil
ian
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
popu
lation
655
353
302
181
415
286
129
96
63.4
81.0
42.7
53.0
305
210
95
74
110
76
34
22
26.5
26.6
26.4
22.9
240
67
173
85
69
246
39
121
540
115
33
353
62
27.3
65.4
53.9
21
266
39
12
87
23
24.6
H
n
88
187
53
14.7
12.3
17.1
16.2
267
59
208
139
730
371
359
202
457
305
152
111
62.6
82.2
42.3
55.0
336
234
102
75
121
71
50
36
26.5
23.3
32.9
32.4
273
66
207
91
20
134
48
22.5
12.2
34.5
69
224
43
157
573
157
41
355
102
26.1
62.0
65.0
27
271
65
14
84
37
(*)
23.7
36.3
116
218
55
1,155
595
560
479
162
62
100
83
12.3
9.4
15.2
14.8
317
71
246
170
784
442
342
227
519
358
161
120
66.2
81.0
47.1
52.9
404
272
132
96
115
86
29
24
22.2
24.0
18.0
20.0
265
84
181
107
56.3
82.4
69.4
81
1,041
114
17
117
45
17.3
10.1
28.3
76
247
70
115
608
176
41
422
97
35.7
69.4
55.1
36
332
72
5
90
25
21.3
25.8
H
74
186
79
1,354
678
676
573
83.2
89.8
77.5
82.1
1,124
574
550
475
230
104
126
98
17.0
15.3
18.6
17.1
273
77
196
125
805
441
364
241
540
363
177
126
67.1
82.3
48.6
52.3
387
274
113
81
153
89
64
45
28.3
24.5
36.2
35.7
265
78
187
115
174
1,448
180
103
1,223
132
59.2
84.5
73.3
75
1,044
81
28
179
51
27.2
14.6
38.6
71
225
48
123
617
185
51
435
102
41.5
70.5
55.1
32
321
63
19
114
39
(1
)
26.2
38.2
72
182
83
1,571
717
854
686
1,276
656
620
522
81.2
91.5
72.6
76.1
1,022
531
491
418
254
125
129
104
19.9
19.1
20.8
19.9
295
61
234
164
727
361
366
229
455
297
158
108
62.6
82.3
43.2
47.2
300
195
105
70
155
102
53
38
34.1
34.3
33.5
35.2
272
64
208
121
167
1,377
195
97
1,138
138
58.1
82.6
70.8
72
943
79
25
195
59
25.8
17.1
42.8
70
239
57
137
579
151
50
369
88
36.5
63.7
58.3
35
266
34
15
103
54
(*>
27.9
61.4
87
210
63
1,529
765
764
615
1,285
698
587
498
84.0
91.2
76.8
81.0
1,053
581
472
400
232
117
115
98
18.1
16.8
19.6
19.7
244
67
177
117
737
416
321
212
463
322
141
100
62.8
77.4
43.9
47.2
320
231
89
63
143
91
52
37
30.9
28.3
36.9
37.0
274
94
180
112
149
1,347
182
89
1,157
128
59.7
85.9
70.3
72
982
71
17
175
57
19.1
15.1
44.5
60
190
54
109
602
135
40
404
59
36.7
67.1
43.7
26
293
27
14
111
32
(*)
27.5
69
198
76
Em
ployed
Num
ber
Em
ployed
1971
T o ta l................................
M a le s .....................................
Fem ales.................................
S in g le.................................
Married, widowed,
divorced, separated.......
W hite......................................
Black and other.....................
1972
T o ta l................................
M a le s .....................................
Fem ales..................................
S in g le ..................................
Married, widowed,
divorced, sep arated ........
W hite......................................
Black and other.....................
1973
T o ta l...............................
M a le s .....................................
Fem ales.................................
S in g le .................................
Married, widowed,
divorced, separated.......
W hite......................................
Black and other.....................
1974
T o ta l................................
M a le s .....................................
Fem ales.................................
S in g le .................................
Married, widowed,
divorced, separated.......
W hite.................................... .
Black and other.....................
1975
T o ta l................................
M a le s .....................................
Fem ales.................................
S in g le .................................
Married, widowed,
divorced, separated.......
W hite.............. .......................
Black and other.....................
1976
T o ta l................................
M a le s .....................................
Fem ales.................................
S in g le .................................
Married, widowed,
divorced, sep arated .......
W hite......................................
Black and other.....................
See footnotes at end of table.
134
H
Table 67. Employment status of high school graduates not enrolled in college and of school
dropouts 16 to 24 years of age by selected characteristics, October, 1960-78— Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
School dropouts
High school graduates
Civilian labor force
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Total
Year and selected
characteristic
Civilian
noninstitutional
popula
tion
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
civil
ian
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Civilian
noninstitutional
popula
tion
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
civil
ian
labor
force
Not in
labor
force
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
popu
lation
818
439
379
270
560
355
205
151
68.5
80.9
54.1
55.9
411
267
144
101
149
88
61
50
26.6
24.8
29.8
33.1
258
84
174
119
45
179
42
110
655
154
55
468
89
50.0
71.4
57.8
43
357
52
12
111
37
(')
23.7
41.6
55
187
65
14.1
11.1
17.1
16.7
218
60
158
108
823
474
349
230
565
379
186
135
68.7
80.0
53.3
58.7
409
288
121
81
156
91
65
54
27.6
24.0
34.9
40.0
258
95
163
95
19.8
10.5
39.7
51
167
45
118
640
172
51
460
102
43.2
71.9
59.3
40
333
69
11
127
33
n
27.6
32.4
67
180
70
Num
ber
Per
cent
of
popu
lation
1,552
709
841
706
1,324
643
681
591
85.3
90.7
81.0
83.7
1,116
551
565
483
208
92
116
108
15.7
14.3
17.0
18.3
226
66
160
115
136
1,362
164
91
1,183
122
66.9
86.9
74.4
82
1,028
71
9
155
51
9.9
13.1
41.8
1,577
727
850
708
1,359
667
692
600
86.2
91.7
81.4
84.7
1,167
593
574
500
192
74
118
100
142
1,369
185
91
1,202
141
64.1
87.8
76.2
73
1,076
85
18
126
56
Em
ployed
Unemployed
Total
Em
ployed
1977
T o ta l........................
M a le s..............................
Fem ales..........................
S in g le ..........................
Married, widowed,
divorced, separated.
W hite...............................
Black 2 ............................
1978
T o ta l........................
M a le s ..............................
Fem ales..........................
S in g le ..........................
Married, widowed,
divorced, separated.
White...............................
B la c k 2 ............................
1 See footnote 3, table 66.
2 Beginning with 1977, data refer to black workers only.
N o t e : For the years 1960-63, data on school dropouts cover a 9-month
period; for 1964 forward, a 12-month calendar year.
135
Table 68. Educational attainment of the civilian labor force by sex, race, and Hispanic
origin, March, selected years, 1959-79
Sex, race, Hispanic origin, and year
Total,
16
years
and
o ve r1
(thou
sands)
Percent distribution
Elementary
Total
Less
than 5
years1
High school
5 to 8
years
1 to 3
years
4 years
4 years
or
more
Median
school
years
com
pleted
College
1 to 3
years
BOTH S E X E S
1959........................................................................
1962........................................................................
1964........................................................................
65,842
67,988
69,926
100.0
100.0
100.0
5.3
4.6
3.7
25.2
22.4
20.9
19.8
19.3
19.2
30.7
32.1
34.5
9.3
10.7
10.6
9.6
11.0
11.2
12.0
12.1
12.2
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967.................................. ......................................
1968................................................. .......................
1969........................................................................
71,122
71,958
73,218
75,101
76,753
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.7
3.3
3.1
2.9
2.7
19.6
18.9
17.9
16.8
15.9
19.2
19.0
18.7
18.2
17.8
35.5
36.3
36.6
37.5
38.4
10.5
10.8
11.8
12.2
12.6
11.6
11.8
12.0
12.4
12.6
12.2
12.2
12.3
12.3
12.4
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
1972........................................................................
1973........................................................................
1974........................................................................
78,955
79,917
85,410
87,325
89,633
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.4
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.8
15.1
14.1
12.9
11.6
10.9
17.3
16.7
19.2
18.6
18.1
39.0
39.4
38.7
39.4
39.2
13.3
13.9
13.6
14.2
15.1
12.9
13.6
13.6
14.1
15.0
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.5
12.5
1975........................................................................ 91,273
1976............................................................... ......... 93,063
1977........................................................................ 95,766
1978........................................................................ 98,437
1979........................................................................ 101,579
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.7
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.4
10.0
9.1
8.6
8.2
7.5
17.5
17.1
17.1
16.7
15.9
39.7
39.8
39.5
39.6
40.0
15.4
16.0
16.3
17.0
17.5
15.7
16.5
16.9
16.9
17.6
12.5
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
Males
1959........................................................................
1962........................................................................
1964............................................................ :..........
44,286
45,011
45,600
100.0
100.0
100.0
6.1
5.4
4.4
26.9
24.2
22.5
20.2
19.6
19.4
27.2
28.7
31.1
9.1
10.4
10.6
10.4
11.7
12.1
11.5
12.0
12.1
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
46,258
46,356
46,571
47,255
47,862
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
4.4
3.9
3.7
3.4
3.2
21.3
20.6
19.7
18.6
17.6
19.4
19.3
18.8
18.6
18.1
32.0
32.6
32.9
33.8
34.4
10.5
10.7
11.7
12.2
12.6
12.4
12.8
13.2
13.6
13.9
12.2
12.2
12.2
12.3
12.3
1970........................................................................
1971........................................................................
1972........................................................................
1973........................................................................
1974........................................................................
48,891
49,439
52,477
53,420
54,312
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.9
2.7
2.5
2.4
2.3
16.9
15.8
14.5
13.1
12.4
17.5
16.9
19.2
18.6
18.0
35.1
35.7
35.0
35.8
36.0
13.5
14.0
13.8
14.5
14.9
14.2
14.9
15.0
15.5
16.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.5
1975........... .............................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
1978........................................ ................................
1979........................................................................
54,777
55,246
56,392
57,466
58,608
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.2
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.6
11.2
10.3
9.8
9.5
8.8
17.5
17.1
17.2
16.9
16.0
36.3
36.5
36.0
36.0
36.7
15.5
16.0
16.4
17.0
17.4
17.3
18.2
18.7
18.8
19.6
12.5
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
1959........................................................................
1962........................................................................
1964........................................................................
21,556
22,977
24,326
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.5
3.0
2.4
21.5
18 8
17.8
19.1
18.8
18.8
38.1
38.7
40.9
9.7
11.2
10.6
8.1
9.5
9.5
12.2
12.2
12.3
1965........................................................................
1966........................................................................
1967........................................................................
1968........................................................................
1969........................................................................
24,871
25,602
26,647
27,846
28,891
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.4
2.1
2.1
1.9
1.8
16.6
15.7
14.8
14.1
13.1
18.7
18.4
18.5
17.6
17.3
41.9
43.0
42.9
43.7
45.0
10.4
11.0
11.8
12.3
12.4
10.0
9.9
9.9
10.5
10.4
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.4
12.4
1970.........................................................................
1971.......................................................... .............
1972........................................................................
1973.................................................................. ......
1974........................................................................
30,064
30,478
32,933
33,905
35,321
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.5
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.2
12.2
11.5
10.2
9.2
8.6
16.9
16.4
19.2
18.6
18.1
45.5
45.4
44.7
45.2
44.2
13.2
13.9
13.2
13.8
15.2
10.7
11.4
11.4
12.0
12.8
12.4
12.5
12.4
12.5
12.5
1975........................................................................
1976.........................................................................
1977........................................................1...............
1978........................................................................
1979........................................................................
36,496
37,817
39,374
40,971
42,971
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.0
1.0
.9
.9
1.0
8.1
7.4
6.9
6.5
5.8
17.5
17.1
17.0
16.5
15.9
44.8
44.6
44.6
44.6
44.6
15.3
15.9
16.3
17.1
17.8
13.2
14.0
14.4
14.3
14.9
12.5
12.6
12.9
12.6
12.6
Fem ales
See footnotes at end of table.
136
Table 68. Educational attainment of the civilian labor force by sex, race, and Hispanic
origin, March, selected years, 1959-79— Continued
Sex, race, Hispanic origin, and year
Total,
16
years
and
o ve r1
(thou
sands)
Percent distribution
Elementary
Total
Less
than 5
years 1
High school
5 to 8
years
1 to 3
years
4 years
4 years
or
more
Median
school
years
com
pleted
College
1 to 3
years
W HITE
19 5 9 ........................................................................ 58,726
19 6 2 ....................................................................... 60,451
19 6 4 ........................................................................ 62,213
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.8
3.3
2.7
23.9
21.4
19.8
19.6
18.8
18.5
32.5
33.5
36.0
9.8
11.3
11.1
10.3
11.8
11.9
12.1
12.2
12.2
19 6 5 .......................................................................
19 6 6 .......................................................................
1 9 6 7 .......................................................................
1 9 6 8 .......................................................................
19 6 9 .......................................................................
63,261
63,958
65,076
66,721
68,300
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.7
2.3
2.2
1.9
2.0
18.9
17.8
16.9
16.1
15.1
18.4
18.3
19.1
17.4
16.9
36.8
37.7
37.7
38.6
39.7
11.0
11.2
12.3
12.8
13.0
12.2
12.5
12.8
13.2
13.4
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.4
12.4
19 7 0 .......................................................................
19 7 1 .......................................................................
19 7 2 .......................................................................
19 7 3 .......................................................................
19 7 4 .......................................................................
70,186
71,032
76,002
77,453
79,483
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.8
1.7
1.6
1.6
1.4
14.4
13.5
12.2
11.0
10.3
16.4
15.8
18.4
17.8
17.4
40.0
40.2
39.5
40.2
39.8
13.9
14.5
14.1
14.6
15.4
13.6
14.4
14.3
14.8
15.7
12.4
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
19 7 5 .......................................................................
19 7 6 .......................................................................
19 7 7 .......................................................................
1 9 7 8 .......................................................................
19 7 9 .......................................................................
81,038
82,450
84,769
86,746
89,507
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.1
1.1
9.5
8.6
8.0
7.7
7.1
16.8
16.4
16.3
15.9
15.2
40.3
40.3
40.1
40.2
40.5
15.8
16.4
16.7
17.3
17.7
16.3
17.2
17.6
17.7
18.4
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.7
19 5 9 .......................................................................
19 6 2 .......................................................................
1 9 6 4 .......................................................................
39,956
40,503
41,028
100.0
100.0
100.0
4.4
3.8
3.2
26.1
23.4
21.7
20.2
19.3
18.8
28.6
29.9
32.4
9.6
11.0
11.1
11.2
12.6
12.7
11.8
12.1
12.2
19 6 5 .......................................................................
19 6 6 .......................................................................
19 6 7 .......................................................................
19 6 8 .......................................................................
19 6 9 .......................................................................
41,652
41,706
41,911
42,483
43,111
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
3.2
2.8
2.6
2.4
2.4
20.7
19.8
18.8
17.9
16.9
18.8
18.7
18.3
17.9
17.4
33.2
33.8
33.9
34.7
35.4
11.0
11.1
12.3
12.7
13.1
13.1
13.7
14.1
14.4
14.7
12.2
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.4
1 9 7 0 .......................................................................
19 7 1 .......................................................................
19 7 2 .......................................................................
19 7 3 .......................................................................
19 7 4 .......................................................................
43,962
44,457
47,245
47,973
48,673
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.1
2.0
1.9
2.0
1.7
16.2
15.2
13.8
12.5
11.8
16.7
16.1
18.5
17.8
17.3
35.8
36.4
35.7
36.4
36.5
14.1
14.5
14.4
15.0
15.4
15.0
15.8
15.8
16.4
17.2
12.4
12.5
12.4
12.5
12.5
19 7 5 .......................................................................
19 7 6 .......................................................................
19 7 7 .......................................................................
19 7 8 .......................................................................
1 9 7 9 .......................................................................
49,227
49,651
50,475
51,331
52,297
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.3
10.8
9.8
9.3
9.0
8.3
16.8
16.4
16.5
16.2
15.3
36.8
36.8
36.4
36.4
36.8
15.9
16.5
16.7
17.2
17.7
18.0
19.0
19.6
19.8
20.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.7
19 5 9 .......................................................................
19 6 2 .......................................................................
19 6 4 .......................................................................
18,770
19,948
21,185
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.2
2.1
1.8
19.5
17.4
16.2
18.5
17.9
17.8
40.7
40.8
43.0
10.4
11.9
11.0
8.6
10.0
10.1
12.2
12.3
12.3
19 6 5 .......................................................................
19 6 6 .......................................................................
19 6 7 .......................................................................
19 6 8 .......................................................................
19 6 9 .......................................................................
21,609
22,252
23,165
24,238
25,189
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.7
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.3
15.3
14.4
13.5
12.8
11.9
17.7
17.5
17.6
16.7
16.2
43.9
45.1
44.7
45.4
46.9
11.0
11.4
12.4
12.9
12.8
10.3
10.3
10.4
10.9
10.9
12.3
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
19 7 0 .......................................................................
1 9 7 1 .......................................................................
19 7 2 ........................................................................
19 7 3 ........................................................................
19 7 4 .......................................................................
26,224
26,575
28,757
29,480
30,810
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
1.1
1.1
1.0
1.0
.8
11.3
10.6
9.4
8.5
7.8
15.8
15.3
18.3
17.7
17.4
47.1
46.6
45.9
46.4
45.2
13.6
14.4
13.6
14.0
15.5
11.1
11.9
11.8
12.3
13.3
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
19 7 5 .......................................................................
19 7 6 .......................................................................
19 7 7 ........................................................................
197 8 ........................................................................
19 7 9 .......................................................................
31,812
32,799
34,294
35,415
37,210
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.7
.8
.7
.7
.8
7.5
6.8
6.2
6.1
5.3
16.8
16.3
16.1
15.6
15.1
45.8
45.4
45.6
45.7
45.6
15.6
16.3
16.6
17.3
17.8
13.6
14.4
14.7
14.7
15.4
12.5
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
M ales
Fem ales
See footnotes at end of table.
137
Table 68. Educational attainment of the civilian labor force by sex, race, and Hispanic
origin, March, selected years, 1959-79— Continued
Sex, race, Hispanic origin, and year
Total,
16
years
and
o v e r1
(thou
sands)
Percent distribution
Elementary
Total
Less
than 5
years 1
5 to 8
years
High school
1 to 3
years
4 years
4 years
or
more
Median
school
years
com
pleted
College
1 to 3
years
B L A C K AN D O TH ER
1 9 5 9 ......................................................................
1 9 6 2 .......................................................................
1 9 6 4 .......................................................................
7,116
7,537
7,713
100.0
100.0
100.0
17.8
15.4
11.6
35.5
29.8
29.2
21.1
23.2
24.7
16.5
21.0
22.2
4.9
5.7
6.6
4.1
4.8
5.7
8.6
9.6
10.1
1 9 6 5 .......................................................................
1 9 6 6 .......................................................................
1 9 6 7 .......................................................................
1 9 6 8 .......................................................................
1 9 6 9 .................................................... ...................
7,868
8,000
8,142
8,380
8,453
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
11.8
11.1
10.4
9.5
8.6
25.7
26.7
25.5
23.5
22.6
24.9
24.3
23.6
24.3
24.7
24.4
24.8
27.5
28.3
28.4
6.1
7.1
7.2
7.7
9.0
7.0
5.8
5.8
6.7
6.7
10.5
10.5
10.7
11.8
11.1
1 9 7 0 .......................................................................
1 9 7 1 .......................................................................
1 9 7 2 .......................................................................
1 9 7 3 .......................................................................
1 9 7 4 .......................................................................
8,769
8,885
9,408
9,872
10,150
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
7.5
6.5
6.0
5.0
5.2
20.5
19.5
18.6
16.5
15.7
24.7
24.4
25.6
24.8
23.6
31.0
32.7
32.4
33.6
34.1
9.0
9.5
9.4
11.0
12.1
7.4
7.4
8.0
9.0
9.3
11.3
11.9
12.0
12.1
12.2
1 9 7 5 ......................................................................
1 9 7 6 .......................................................................
19772......................................................................
1 9 7 8 ......................................................................
1 9 7 9 ......................................................................
10,234
10,612
9,408
9,909
10,144
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
5.0
4.2
3.8
3.8
3.4
14.1
13.2
14.0
12.0
11.6
23.0
22.5
24.4
24.7
23.0
34.7
36.0
35.5
35.8
37.5
12.4
12.8
13.4
14.9
15.5
10.8
11.3
8.9
8.9
9.0
12.2
12.3
12.2
12.3
12.3
1 9 5 9 ....................... ...............................................
1 9 6 2 ......................................................................
1 9 6 4 ......................................................................
4,330
4,508
4,572
100.0
100.0
100.0
22.5
19.3
14.8
35.5
31.2
29.9
20.4
22.2
24.5
13.8
18.3
19.1
4.0
5.4
5.7
3.8
3.6
6.1
8.1
9.0
9.7
1 9 6 5 ...................................................................... j
1 9 6 6 ...................................................................... 1
1 9 6 7 .......................................................................
1 9 6 8 .......................................................................
1 9 6 9 ..................................................................... .
4,606
4,650
4,660
4,772
4,751
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
15.4
14.1
13.2
12.2
10.9
26.4
28.0
27.3
24.0
24.2
24.4
24.3
23.4
25.0
24.7
21.4
21.9
24.4
25.3
25.6
6.0
6.6
6.7
7.6
8.1
6.4
5.1
5.3
6.0
6.5
10.0
10.0
10.2
10.7
10.8
1 9 7 0 .......................................................................
1 9 7 1 .......................................................................
1 9 7 2 .......................................................................
1 9 7 3 .......................................................................
1 9 7 4 .......................................................................
4,929
4,982
5,232
5,447
5,639
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
9.7
9.2
8.0
6.2
6.6
22.7
21.2
20.7
19.0
17.6
24.6
24.5
25.6
25.3
23.9
28.3
29.2
29.2
31.1
31.5
8.0
9.0
8.6
9.9
10.8
6.8
7.0
7.9
8.5
9.4
11.1
11.4
11.5
11.9
12.1
1 9 7 5 .......................................................................
1 9 7 6 .......................................................................
19772......................................................................
1 9 7 8 .......................................................................
1 9 7 9 .......................................................................
5,550
5,594
5,022
5,161
5,246
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
6.8
5.9
5,5
5.4
4.7
15.3
15.3
15.8
13.9
13.2
23.7
22.7
24.8
25.1
23.6
31.7
33.4
33.1
33.2
36.5
11.7
12.0
13.4
14.5
13.8
10.8
10.7
7.4
8.0
8.1
12.1
12.2
12.1
12.2
12.2
1 9 5 9 .......................................................................
1 9 6 2 .......................................................................
1 9 6 4 .......................................................................
2,786
3,029
3,141
100.0
100.0
100.0
12.3
9.8
7.0
35.1
27.8
28.2
22.7
24.8
25.1
20.3
24.9
26.6
5.1
6.0
7.8
4.6
6.7
5.3
9.4
10.5
10.8
1 9 6 5 .......................................................................
1 9 6 6 ....................... ...............................................
1 9 6 7 .......................................................................
1 9 6 8 .......................................................................
1 9 6 9 .......................................................................
3,262
3,350
3,482
3,608
3,702
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
6.7
7.0
6.9
5.9
5.6
24.9
24.9
23.1
22.7
20.7
25.7
24.4
24.2
23.4
24.7
28.6
28.9
31.6
32.3
31.9
6.3
7.9
7.9
7.9
10.1
7.8
6.9
6.4
7.8
7.0
11.1
11.2
11.5
11.7
11.9
1 9 7 0 .......................................................................
1 9 7 1 .......................................................................
1 9 7 2 .......................................................................
1 9 7 3 .......................................................................
1 9 7 4 .......................................................................
3,840
3,903
4,176
4,425
4,511
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
4.5
3.1
3.6
3.6
3.3
17.8
17.4
16.0
13.4
13.5
24.8
24.2
25.6
24.2
23.1
34.5
37.1
36.4
36.8
37.4
10.3
10.1
10.3
12.4
13.6
8.1
8.0
8.1
9.5
9.2
12.1
12.1
12.1
12.2
12.3
1 9 7 5 .......................................................................
1 9 7 6 .......................................................................
1977 2.....................................................................
1 9 7 8 .......................................................................
1 9 7 9 .......................................................................
4,684
5,018
4,386
4,748
4,899
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
2.8
2.4
1.8
2.0
2.0
12.7
11.0
11.9
10.2
10.0
22.3
22.1
23.9
24.3
22.2
38.3
38.8
38.2
38.6
38.6
13.2
13.7
13.5
15.2
17.4
10.8
12.1
10.6
9.7
9.8
12.3
12.4
12.3
12.4
12.4
Males
Females
See footnotes at end of table.
138
‘
Table 68. Educational attainment of the civilian labor force by sex, race, and Hispanic
origin, March, selected years, 1959-79— Continued
Sex, race, Hispanic origin, and year
Total,
16
years
and
o ve r1
(thou
sands)
Percent distribution
Elementary
Total
Less
than 5
years 1
5 to 8
years
High school
1 to 3
years
4 years
4 years
or
more
Median
school
years
com
pleted
College
1 to 3
years
HISPANIC ORIGIN 3
1 9 7 4 ........................................................................
1 9 7 5 ........................................................................
1 9 7 6 ........................................................................
1 9 7 7 .................................... ^.................................
1 9 7 8 ..................................... ..................................
1 9 7 9 .......................................................................
3,808
4,019
3,936
4,158
4,653
4,795
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
11.7
10.6
10.3
9.7
9.3
9.8
22.9
22.8
21.2
20.0
21.2
20.5
20.6
19.9
19.7
21.2
19.9
18.9
28.4
28.5
30.9
29.5
29.6
31.1
10.7
11.3
11.1
12.9
13.2
12.9
5.8
7.0
6.8
6.8
6.8
6.7
11.2
11.5
11.8
11.9
11.9
12.0
2,408
2,542
2,420
2,554
2,852
2,936
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
13.5
12.3
11.6
11.5
10.7
11.5
23.3
23.8
22.3
20.4
22.4
22.1
21.1
20.2
20.5
21.8
20.5
19.6
25.5
25.2
27.1
26.4
26.4
27.1
10.6
11.0
10.7
12.5
13.0
12.9
6.0
7.4
7.8
7.3
7.0
6.8
10.9
11.1
11.4
11.5
11.5
11.5
1,400
1,478
1,516
1,604
1,801
1,859
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
8.6
7.6
8.1
6.7
7.1
7.3
22.1
20.9
19.4
19.2
19.2
18.0
19.9
19.3
18.6
20.3
19.0
17.9
33.3
34.0
37.0
34.3
34.7
37.4
10.8
11.8
11.6
13.5
13.5
12.9
5.4
6.3
5.2
5.9
6.6
6.6
11.9
12.1
12.1
12.1
12.1
12.2
Males
1 9 7 4 .......................................................................
1 9 7 5 ........................................................................
1 9 7 6 ........................................................................
1 9 7 7 .......................................................................
1 9 7 8 ........................................................................
1 9 7 9 ........................................................................
Fem ales
1 9 7 4 .......................................................................
1 9 7 5 ........................................................................
1 9 7 6 ........................................................................
1 9 7 7 .......................................................................
1 9 7 8 .......................................................................
1 9 7 9 ........................................................................
1 Data for 1972 forward refer to persons 16 years and over; 18
years and over for prior years.
139
2 Beginning with 1977, data refer to black workers only,
3 See footnote 2, table 11.
Table 69. Median years of school completed by the civilian labor force by sex and age,
March, selected years, 1959-79
Sex and year
16 and 17
years
18 to 24
years
25 to 34
years
35 to 44
years
45 to 54
years
55 to 64
years
65 years
and over
BO TH S E X E S
1959..............................................................
1962..............................................................
1964..............................................................
_
12.3
12.4
12.4
12.3
12.4
12.4
12.1
12.2
12.2
10.8
11.6
12.0
8.9
9.4
10.0
8.6
8.8
8.9
—
—
—
—
12.4
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.6
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.4
12.4
12.0
12.1
12.1
12.2
12.3
10.3
10.4
10.8
11.1
11.4
8.9
9.1
9.0
9.3
9.3
1970..............................................................
1971..............................................................
1972..............................................................
1973........ .....................................................
1974..............................................................
_
—
10.4
10.4
10.4
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.7
12.7
12.8
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.5
12.5
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.4
12.4
11.8
12.0
12.1
12.1
12.1
9.6
9.9
10.2
10.5
10.9
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
10.5
10.5
10.7
10.5
10.4
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.8
12.9
12.9
12.9
13.0
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.7
12.7
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.5
12.5
12.2
12.3
12.3
12.4
12.4
11.7
12.0
12.0
12.0
12.2
—
12.1
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.4
12.4
12.1
12.2
12.2
10.4
11.1
11.6
8.8
9.0
9.3
8.5
8.7
8.8
—
—
—
—
12.3
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.6
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.4
12.4
11.7
11.9
12.1
12.2
12.2
9.6
9.7
10.4
10.6
10.9
8.8
8.9
8.9
9.0
9.0
1971..............................................................
1972.............................................................
1973..............................................................
1974..............................................................
_
—
10.4
10.4
10.4
12.5
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.7
12.7
12.8
12.4
12.5
12.5
12.0
12.6
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.4
12.4
11.2
11.5
11.9
12.1
12.1
9.0
9.1
9.6
10.1
10.7
1975....................................... .......................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
10.4
10.4
10.6
10.4
10.4
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.5
12.6
12.9
12.9
13.0
13.0
13.1
12.6
12.6
12.7
12.7
12.8
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.5
12.5
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.3
12.4
11.8
12.0
11.3
11.7
12.1
—
—
—
12.4
12.5
12.5
12.3
12.4
12.4
12.2
12.3
12.3
11.7
12.1
12.1
10.0
10.7
11.2
8.8
9.0
10.2
12.5
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.4
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.4
12.2
12.2
12.2
12.3
12.3
11.5
11.6
11.6
12.0
12.1
9.8
10.4
10.1
10.3
10.2
12.5
12.6
12.6
12.7
12.7
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.5
12.5
12.3
12.3
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.1
12.1
12.2
12.2
12.3
10.9
i 1.0
11.2
11.3
11.1
12.8
12.8
12.8
12.9
12.9
12.5
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.4
12.4
12.5
12.5
12.5
12.2
12.3
12.3
12.4
12.4
11.6
12.1
12.2
12.1
12.2
1965..............................................................
1966..............................................................
1967..............................................................
1968..............................................................
1969..............................................................
—
—
_
M ales
1959..............................................................
1962..............................................................
1964..............................................................
1965..............................................................
1966..............................................................
1967..............................................................
1968............................................. ................
1969..............................................................
1 9 7 0 ....... :.....................................................
—
—
_
Fem ales
1959..............................................................
1962..............................................................
1964..............................................................
1965..............................................................
1966..............................................................
1967..............................................................
1968..............................................................
1969..............................................................
_
—
—
—
—
_
1970..............................................................
1971..............................................................
1972..............................................................
1973..............................................................
1974..............................................................
10.5
10.5
10.5
12.6
12.7
12.6
12.7
12.7
1975..............................................................
1976..............................................................
1977..............................................................
1978..............................................................
1979..............................................................
10.5
10.5
10.8
10.5
10.5
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
—
140
Table 70. Median years of school completed by the employed by sex, occupation, and
race, March, selected years, 1959-79
Sex and occupation
1959
1962
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
BO TH S E X E S
All occupations...............................................
12.0
12.1
12.2
12.2
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.4
12.4
Professional and managerial w orkers...................
Professional and technical w orkers................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm ....
Farm w o rkers.........................................................
Farmers and farm m anagers..........................
Farm laborers and supervisors.......................
Sales and clerical workers.....................................
Sales workers.................................................
Clerical workers..............................................
Blue-collar workers................................................
Craft and kindred workers...............................
O peratives.......................................................
Nonfarm laborers............................................
Service workers......................................................
Private household workers..............................
Other service w orkers....................................
13.5
16.2
12.4
8.6
8.7
8.3
12.5
12.4
12.5
10.0
11.0
9.9
8.6
9.7
8.4
10.3
13.9
16.2
12.5
8.7
8.8
8.5
2.5
12.5
12.5
10.4
11.2
10.1
8.9
10.2
8.7
10.8
14.0
16.2
12.5
8.7
8.8
8.5
12.5
12.5
12.5
10.7
11.5
10.5
9.3
10.5
8.8
11.0
14.2
16.3
12.6
8.7
8.8
8.4
12.5
12.5
12.5
10.8
11.7
10.6
9.5
10.8
8.9
11.3
14.6
16.3
12.6
8.8
8.9
8.6
12.5
12.5
12.5
11.0
11.9
10.7
9.5
10.9
8.9
11.4
14.7
16.3
12.7
8.9
9.1
8.6
12.5
12.5
12.5
11.3
12.0
10.8
9.5
11.0
8.9
11.5
14.8
16.3
12.7
9.1
—
—
12.6
12.6
12.6
11.2
12.0
11.0
9.8
11.1
14.8
16.3
12.7
9.3
14.9
16.3
12.7
9.3
11.7
12.1
12.1
12.2
12.2
13.2
16.4
12.4
8.6
8.7
7.7
12.5
12.6
12.5
10.1
11.0
10.0
8.5
10.1
13.5
16.4
12.5
8.7
8.8
8.3
12.6
12.7
12.5
10.4
11.2
10.2
8.9
10.3
13.9
16.4
12.6
8.7
8.8
8.0
12.6
12.7
12.5
11.0
11.7
10.8
9.5
11.2
n
11.2
14.3
16.4
12.7
8.7
8.9
7.9
12.6
12.7
12.5
—
—
—
12.6
12.6
12.6
11.4
12.1
11.1
10.0
11.3
—
—
12.6
12.6
12.6
11.6
12.1
11.3
10.5
11.7
_
—
—
—
12,3
12.3
12.3
12.4
11.8
10.9
9.4
11.3
H
11.3
14.4
16.3
12.7
8.8
9.1
8.2
12.6
12.8
12.5
10.6
12.0
11.0
9.5
11.4
H
11.5
14.5
16.4
12.8
8.9
9.7
8.3
12.6
12.8
12.6
11.3
12.0
14.6
16.4
12.8
9.0
9.8
8.4
12.7
12.8
12.6
11.6
12.1
11.3
10.0
11.7
14.6
16.4
12.8
9.1
9.3
8.9
12.7
12.8
12.6
11.8
12.1
11.5
10.5
12.0
—
Males
All occupations..................... *
........................
i 1)
(')
10.1
10.4
13.6
16.2
12.6
8.7
8.8
8.2
12.6
12.7
12.5
10.8
11.5
10.7
9.3
10.6
( 1)
10.6
All occupations................................................
12.2
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.3
Professional and managerial w orkers...................
Professional and technical..............................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm ....
Farm w o rkers.........................................................
Farmers and farm m anagers..........................
Farm laborers and supervisors.......................
Sales and clerical workers.....................................
Sales w orkers................................................. .
Clerical workers..............................................
Blue-collar w orkers.................................................
Craft and kindred workers................................
Operatives.......................................................
Nonfarm laborers.............................................
Service workers....................... ...............................
Private household workers..............................
Other service w o rkers..........................
14.0
15.9
12.2
8.7
8.5
8.8
12.4
12.2
12.5
9.8
11.2
9.7
(i)
9.5
8.4
10.5
14.7
16.1
12.4
8.9
9.0
8.9
12.5
12.1
12.5
10.0
9.2
9.9
10.0
10.2
8.7
11.1
15.0
16.1
12.4
9.0
9.1
9.0
12.5
12.2
12.5
10.1
11.2
10.0
(i)
10.4
8.8
11.2
15.3
16.2
12.5
10.2
9.6
10.4
12.5
12.2
12.5
10.5
12.1
10.4
(!)
10.7
8.9
11.5
15.3
16.2
12.5
10.2
9.6
10.4
12.5
12.2
12.5
10.5
12.1
10.4
m/
\
10.7
8.9
11.5
Professional and managerial w orkers...................
Professional and technical workers................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm ....
Farm w o rkers............................................ ............
Farmers and farm m anagers..........................
Farm laborers and supervisors.......................
Sales and clerical workers......................................
Sales workers..................................................
Clerical workers...............................................
Blue-collar workers.................................................
Craft and kindred workers...............................
Operatives.......................................................
Nonfarm laborers............................................
Service workers......................................................
Private household workers..............................
Other service w orkers.....................................
11.1
11.1
9.8
11.6
—
—
—
—
—
—
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
15.3
16.2
12.4
10.7
(!)
10.7
12.5
12.3
12.5
10.6
11.5
10.5
mt
\
10.8
8.9
11.5
15.5
16.2
12.5
10.8
15.5
16.2
12.5
11.3
15.5
16.2
12.6
10.3
12.5
12.3
12.6
10.7
12.1
10.6
10.7
10.9
8.8
11.6
12.5
12.3
12.6
10.9
12.2
10.7
10.9
11.2
8.9
11.9
12.5
12.4
12.6
11.1
12.1
11.0
11.2
11.5
9.1
12.0
Females
See footnotes at end of table
141
Table 70. Median years of school completed by the employed by sex, occupation, and
race, March, selected years, 1959-79— Continued
Total—
Continued
Sex and occupation
1971
1972 2
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
BOTH S E X E S
All occupations...........................................
12.4
12.4
12.5
12.5
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.7
Professional and managerial w orkers...............
Professional and technical workers...........
Managers and administrators, except farm
Farm w o rkers..................... ..............................
Sales and clerical workers................................
Sales workers............................................
Clerical workers..........................................
Blue-collar w orkers............................................
Craft and kindred workers..........................
Operatives..................................................
Operatives, except transport...............
Transport equipment operatives.........
Nonfarm laborers.......................................
Service workers.................................................
15.1
16.3
12.8
10.0
12.6
12.7
12.6
11.9
12.2
11.4
(3)
(3)
11.1
11.9
15.4
16.3
12.9
10.5
12.6
12.7
12.6
12.0
12.2
11.5
11.7
11.0
11.0
12.0
15.6
16.4
12.9
10.7
12.6
12.7
12.6
12.1
12.2
11.8
11.8
11.8
11.4
12.0
15.7
16.4
13.0
11.0
12.6
12.7
12.6
12.1
12.3
12.0
11.9
12.1
11.4
12.1
15.9
16.4
13.0
11.7
12.7
12.7
12.7
12.2
12.3
12.0
12.0
12.1
11.7
12.1
16.0
16.5
13.2
11.5
12.7
12.8
12.7
12.2
12.4
12.1
12.1
12.0
12.0
12.1
16.0
16.5
13.5
12.0
12.7
12.8
12.7
12.2
12.4
12.1
12.1
12.2
12.0
12.2
16.0
16.5
13.4
12.1
12.7
12.9
12.7
12.2
12.4
12.1
12.1
12.2
12.0
12.2
16.1
16.5
13.7
12.1
12.7
12.9
12.7
12.3
12.4
12.2
12.1
12.2
12.1
12.2
All occupations............. ....................... ......
12.4
12.4
12.5
12.5
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.7
Professional and managerial w orkers...............
Professional and technical workers...........
Managers and administrators, except farm
Farm w orkers....................................................
Farmers and farm m anagers.....................
Farm laborers and supervisors...................
Sales and clerical workers................................
Sales workers............................................
Clerical workers..........................................
Blue-collar workers...........................................
Craft and kindred workers..........................
Operatives..................................................
Operatives, except transport...............
Transport equipment operatives.........
Nonfarm laborers.......................................
Service workers.................................................
14.9
16.4
12.9
9.8
10.6
8.8
12.7
12.9
12.6
12.0
12.2
11.7
(3)
(3)
11.0
12.0
15.3
16.5
12.9
10.3
11.2
9.4
12.8
13.0
12.6
12.0
12.2
11.8
11.9
11.6
10.9
12.0
15.4
16.5
13.0
10.6
11.7
9.6
12.8
13.0
12.6
12.1
12.2
11.9
12.0
11.7
11.4
12.1
15.6
16.6
13.3
10.8
12.0
9.7
12.8
13.0
12.7
12.1
12.3
12.1
12.1
12.1
11.4
12.1
15.9
16.6
13.4
11.4
12.1
10.3
12.9
13.2
12.8
12.2
12.3
12.1
12.1
12.1
11.6
12.1
15.9
16.6
13.6
11.3
12.1
10.1
12.9
13.4
12.7
12.2
12.4
12.1
12.1
12.1
12.0
12.2
16.0
16.6
13.9
11.8
12.2
10.2
12.9
13.4
12.8
12.2
12.4
12.1
12.1
12.2
12.0
12.3
16.0
16.6
13.8
12.0
12.3
10.0
13.0
13.7
12.8
12.3
12.4
12.2
12.2
12.2
12.0
12.2
16.1
16.6
14.1
12.1
12.3
10.2
13.1
13.6
12.9
12.3
12.4
12.2
12.2
12.2
12.1
12.3
12.5
12.4
12.5
12.5
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
12.6
15.5
16.2
12.6
11.1
12.6
12.4
12.6
11.1
12.2
10.9
(3)
<
3)
11.8
11.8
9.5
12.1
15.6
16.2
12.6
11.1
12.5
12.4
12.6
11.2
12.3
11.1
11.0
12.2
11.7
11.6
10.0
12.1
15.9
16.3
12.7
11.2
12.6
12.4
12.6
11.6
12.2
11.5
11.4
12.3
11.8
12.0
10.3
12.1
15.9
16.3
12.7
12.0
12.6
12.4
12.6
11.8
12.3
11.6
11.5
12.4
12.1
12.0
10.4
12.1
16.0
16.3
12.8
12.2
12.6
12.5
12.6
11.8
12.3
11.5
11.4
12.3
12.2
12.1
10.4
12.2
16.0
16.3
12.8
12.1
12.6
12.5
12.6
11.9
12.3
11.7
11.6
12.3
11.9
12.1
10.4
12.2
16.0
16.3
12.8
12.1
12.6
12.5
12.7
12.0
12.4
11.9
11.8
12.1
12.1
12.1
10.7
12.2
15.5
16.3
12.8
12.3
12.6
12.6
12.7
12.1
12.4
12.0
11.8
12.4
12.1
12.2
10.7
12.2
16.1
16.3
12.9
12.2
12.7
12.6
12.7
12.1
12.4
12.0
12.0
12.4
12.2
12.2
10.9
12.3
Males
Females
All occupations
Professional and managerial w orkers...............
Professional and technical workers...........
Managers and administrators, except farm
Farm w orkers....................................................
Sales and clerical workers................................
Sales w orkers............................................
Clerical workers..........................................
Blue-collar workers...........................................
Craft and kindred workers..........................
O peratives......... ........................................
Operatives, except transport...............
Transport equipment operatives.........
Nonfarm laborers.......................................
Service workers.................................................
Private household workers.........................
Other service w orkers...............................
See footnotes at end of table.
142
Table 70. Median years of school completed by the employed by sex, occupation, and
race, March, selected years, 1959-79— Continued
White
Sex and occupation group
1959
1962
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
BO TH S E X E S
All occupations................................................
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
Professional and managerial w orkers....................
Professional and technical workers.................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm .....
Farm w o rkers.........................................................
Farmers and farm m anagers...........................
Farm laborers and supervisors....... ................
Sales and clerical workers......................................
Sales w orkers..................................................
Clerical workers...............................................
Blue-collar w orkers..................................................
Craft and kindred workers...............................
O peratives........................................................
Nonfarm laborers............................................
Service workers.......................................................
Private household workers...............................
Other service w orkers.....................................
13.4
16.2
12.4
8.7
8.8
8.6
12.5
12.4
12.5
10.3
11.0
10.1
9.0
10.1
8.7
10.5
13.9
16.2
12.5
8.8
8.9
8.8
12.5
12.5
12.5
10.6
11.3
10.2
9.4
10.7
8.9
11.0
14.0
16.1
12.5
8.9
8.9
8.7
12.5
12.5
12.5
10.8
11.6
10.6
9.9
11.3
8.9
11.6
14.1
16.3
12.6
8.9
8.9
8.7
12.5
12.5
12.5
11.0
11.8
10.7
9.9
11.3
8.9
11.6
14.5
16.3
12.7
9.0
8.9
9.1
12.5
12.5
12.5
11.1
11.9
10.8
10.0
11.4
9.3
11.7
14.6
16.2
12.7
9.0
9.3
8.9
12.5
12.5
12.5
11.2
12.0
10.9
10.0
11.5
9.8
11.7
14.7
16.5
12.7
9.7
—
—
12.6
12.6
12.6
11.4
—
14.8
16.2
12.7
9.8
—
14.9
16
12.8
.6
—
—
12.6
12.6
12.6
11.8
—
All occupations................................................
12.0
12.1
12.2
12.2
12.3
Professional and managerial w orkers....................
Professional and technical w orkers.................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm .....
Farm w orkers.........................................................
Farmers and farm m anagers...........................
Farm laborers and supervisors........................
Sales and clerical workers......................................
Sales w orkers..................................................
Clerical workers...............................................
Blue-collar w orkers.................................................
Craft and kindred workers...............................
Operatives........................................................
Nonfarm lab orers........ ....................................
Service workers.......................................................
Private household workers...............................
Other service w orkers.....................................
13.2
16.4
12.4
8.7
8.8
8.3
12.5
12.6
12.5
10.4
11.0
10.2
9.0
10.2
(l )
10.3
13.5
16.4
12.5
8.8
8.8
8.7
12.6
12.7
12.5
10.7
11.3
10.4
9.4
10.7
13.6
16.4
12.6
8.8
8.9
8.5
12.6
12.7
12.5
11.0
11.6
10.8
9.8
11.2
13.9
16.4
12.6
8.8
8.9
8.4
12.6
12.7
12.5
11.2
11.8
11.0
9.9
11.5
14.3
16.4
12.7
8.9
8.9
8.6
12.6
12.7
12.5
11.3
11.9
11.1
10.0
11.6
10.7
All occupations................................................
12.3
12.3
12.3
Professional and managerial w orkers....................
Professional and technical workers.................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm .....
Farm w o rkers.........................................................
Farmers and farm m anagers...........................
Farm laborers and supervisors........................
Sales and clerical workers......................................
Sales w orkers..................................................
Clerical workers...............................................
Blue-collar w orkers.................................................
Craft and kindred workers................................
O peratives........................................................
Nonfarm laborers.............................................
Service workers.......................................................
Private household workers...............................
Other service w o rkers.....................................
14.0
15.8
12.3
8.9
8.5
9.0
12.4
12.2
12.5
9.8
1t.1
9.8
(x)
10.0
8.7
10.6
14.6
16.6
12.4
9.3
9.5
9.2
12.5
12.1
12.5
9.9
11.1
9.8
15.0
16.2
12.4
9.4
9.8
9.3
12.5
12.2
12.5
10.0
11.2
9.9
(x)
10.9
9.1
11.3
—
—
12.6
12.6
12.6
11.6
—
—
—
12.8
—
—
—
12.0
—
—
—
12.0
—
12.3
12.4
12.4
12.4
14.4
16.3
12.8
8.9
9.3
8.6
12.6
12.8
12.5
11.4
12.0
11.1
9.9
11.8
14.5
16.5
12.8
9.4
10.0
8.6
12.6
12.8
12.6
11.6
12.0
11.3
10.1
12.0
11.6
11.9
—
14.6
16.5
12.8
9.4
10.0
8.7
12.7
12.8
12.6
11.8
12.1
11.4
10.5
12.0
—
—
14.6
16.5
12.8
9.4
9.5
9.3
12.7
12.8
12.6
12.0
12.1
11.6
11.0
12.1
—
—
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.5
14.8
16.1
12.4
9.5
9.5
9.4
12.5
12.2
12.5
10.2
11.7
10.1
15.1
16.2
12.4
10.8
9.9
10.9
12.5
12.2
12.5
10.5
12.0
10.3
(x)
11.2
9.4
11.7
15.1
16.1
12.4
11.2
15.4
16.4
12.5
11.2
—
—
12.5
12.3
12.6
10.7
—
—
—
11.4
9.5
11.8
15.4
16.4
12.5
11.4
—
—
12.5
12.3
12.6
10.8
—
—
—
11.9
9.8
12.0
15.4
16.4
12.6
10.4
—
—
—
—
M ales
n
H
11.3
H
11.6
n
(')
—
Fem ales
H
10.7
8.9
11.3
See footnotes at end of table.
143
()
1
11.1
8.9
11.6
H
11.4
12.5
12.3
12.5
10.5
11.4
10.4
n
11.3
9.9
11.6
1 2.5
12.4
12.6
11.0
—
—
—
12.0
9.9
12.1
Table 70. Median years of school completed by the employed by sex, occupation, and
race, March, selected years, 1959-79— Continued
W
hite—
Continued
Sex and occupation
1971
1972 2
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
BOTH S E X E S
All occupations....................
Professional and managerial w orkers................
Professional and technical workers............
Managers and administrators, except fa rm .
Farm w o rkers.....................................................
Sales and clerical workers.................................
Sales w orkers.............................................
Clerical workers...........................................
Blue-collar workers.............................................
Service workers................................... ..............
1 2 .5
1 2.5
12.5
1 2 .5
1 2 .6
1 2 .6
1 2 .6
1 2 .7
1 2 .7
1 5 .0
1 6 .5
1 2 .8
1 0 .6
1 2 .6
1 2 .7
1 2 .6
12.0
12.1
1 5.4
1 6 .2
1 2 .9
1 0.8
1 2 .6
1 2 .7
1 2 .6
12.1
1 2 .0
15.5
1 6 .6
1 2 .9
11.1
1 2 .6
1 2.7
1 2 .6
12.1
12.1
1 5 .7
1 6 .6
1 3 .0
1 1 .4
1 2 .6
1 2 .7
1 2 .6
12.1
12.1
1 5 .8
1 6 .6
1 3 .0
1 2 .0
1 2 .7
1 2 .7
1 2 .6
1 2 .2
1 2 .2
1 6 .0
1 6 .5
1 3 .2
1 1 .8
1 2 .7
1 2 .8
1 2 .7
1 2 .2
1 2 .2
16.1
1 6 .5
1 3 .5
12.1
1 2 .7
1 2 .8
1 2 .7
1 2 .2
1 2 .2
1 6 .0
1 6 .5
1 3 .3
12.1
1 2 .7
1 2 .9
1 2 .7
1 2 .2
1 2 .2
16.1
1 6 .5
1 3 .6
1 2 .2
1 2 .7
1 2 .9
1 2 .7
12.3
1 2 .3
1 2 .5
1 2 .5
1 2 .5
1 2 .5
1 2 .6
1 2 .6
1 2 .7
1 2 .7
1 2 .7
1 4 .9
1 6 .6
12.9
1 0 .4
1 0.9
9 .4
12.7
1 2 .9
1 2 .6
12.1
1 2 .2
1 1 .9
1 1 .6
12.1
1 5.3
1 6 .6
1 3 .0
1 0.7
1 1.3
9 .9
12.8
1 3 .0
1 2 .6
12.1
1 2 .2
1 1 .9
1 1 .9
1 1 .8
1 1 .2
12.1
1 5 .4
1 6.7
1 3 .0
1 0 .9
1 1 .9
9 .9
1 2.8
1 3 .0
1 2.7
12.1
1 2 .2
1 2 .0
1 2.0
1 2 .0
1 1 .8
12.1
1 5 .6
1 6 .7
1 3 .3
1 1 .2
1 2 .0
10.1
1 2 .8
1 3 .0
1 2 .7
1 2 .2
1 2 .3
12.1
12.1
12.1
1 1 .6
1 2 .2
15.8
1 6 .7
1 3 .4
1 1 .8
12.1
1 0 .7
1 2 .9
1 3 .2
1 2 .7
1 2 .2
1 2 .3
12.1
12.1
12.1
1 2 .0
1 2 .2
1 5 .9
1 6 .6
1 3 .6
1 1 .7
12.1
1 0 .6
1 2 .9
1 3 .4
1 2 .8
1 2 .3
1 2 .4
1 2 .2
1 2 .2
12.1
12.1
1 2 .3
16.1
1 6 .6
1 3 .9
12.1
1 2 .3
1 0 .5
1 2 .9
1 3 .4
13.4
1 2 .3
12.4
1 2 .2
12.1
1 2 .2
12.1
1 2.3
1 6 .0
1 6 .6
1 3 .8
12.1
12.3
1 0 .4
1 3 .0
1 3 .7
1 2 .8
1 2 .3
1 2 .4
1 2 .2
1 2 .2
1 2.2
12.1
1 2.3
16.1
1 6 ,7
1 4 .0
12.1
12.3
1 0 .9
1 3 .0
1 3 .7
1 2 .9
1 2 .3
1 2 .4
1 2 .2
1 2 .2
1 2 .2
12.1
1 2.3
1 2 .5
1 2.5
1 2 .5
1 2 .5
1 2 .6
1 2 .6
1 2 .6
1 2 .6
1 2 .7
1 5 .5
16.4
1 2 .6
1 1.4
1 2 .6
1 2 .4
1 2 .6
1 1 .0
12.1
1 0 .4
12.1
15.3
1 6 .4
1 2 .6
11.3
1 2 .5
1 2 .4
1 2 .6
1 1 .2
1 2 .0
1 0 .4
12.1
15.8
1 6 .5
12.7
1 1 .6
1 2 .6
12.4
1 2 .6
1 1 .6
12.1
10.7
1 2 .2
1 5 .9
1 6 .5
1 2 .7
12.1
1 2 .6
1 2 .4
1 2 .6
1 1 .8
12.1
1 1 .0
1 2 .2
1 6 .0
1 6 .5
1 2 .7
1 2 .3
1 2 .6
1 2 .5
1 2 .6
1 1.8
12.1
1 1 .0
1 2 .2
16.1
1 6 .0
1 2 .8
12.1
1 2 .6
1 2 .5
1 2 .6
1 1 .9
1 2 .2
1 0 .9
1 2 .2
1 6 .0
1 6.3
1 2 .8
1 2 .2
1 2 .6
1 2.5
1 2 .5
12.1
12.2
1 1 .2
12.3
1 5 .7
16.3
1 2 .8
1 2 .4
1 2 .6
1 2 .6
1 2 .6
12.1
1 2 .2
11.2
12.3
1 6 .0
1 6 .3
1 2 .9
1 2.3
1 2 .6
1 2 .6
1 2 .7
12.1
1 2 .2
1 1 .3
1 2 .3
Males
All occupations..
Professional and managerial w orkers................
Professional and technical workers.............
Managers and administrators, except fa rm .
Farm w o rkers.....................................................
Farmers and farm m anagers.......................
Farm laborers and supervisors...................
Sales and clerical workers..................................
Sales w orkers..............................................
Clerical workers...........................................
Blue-collar w orkers.............................................
Craft and kindred workers...........................
Operatives.......... ........................................
Operatives, except transport................
Transport equipment operatives..........
Nonfarm laborers........................................
Service workers..................................................
( 3)
(3)
Females
All occupations.
Professional and managerial w orkers................
Professional and technical workers............
Managers and administrators, except fa rm .
Farm w o rkers.....................................................
Sales and clerical workers.................................
Sales w orkers.............................................
Clerical workers..........................................
Blue-collar workers............................................
Service workers..................................................
Private household workers..........................
Other service w orkers................................
See footnotes at end of table.
144
Table 70. Median years of school completed by the employed by sex, occupation, and
race, March, selected years, 1959-79— Continued
Sex and occupation group
1959
1962
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
BO TH S E X E S
All occupation groups......................................
8.6
9.6
10.1
10.5
10.5
10.8
Professional and managerial w orkers....................
Professional and technical workers.................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm .....
Farm w o rkers..........................................................
Farmers and farm m anagers...........................
Farm laborers and supervisors........................
Sales and clerical workers......................................
Sales w orkers..................................................
Clerical workers...............................................
Blue-collar w orkers.................................................
Craft and kindred workers................................
O peratives........................................................
Nonfarm laborers*...........................................
Service workers.......................................................
Private household workers...............................
Other service w orkers.....................................
15.1
16.2
8.4
5.5
5.2
5.7
12.5
14.7
16.2
11.0
5.9
5.6
6.0
12.4
12.0
12.5
8.8
9.0
9.3
8.1
9.2
8.3
10.2
15.4
16.2
10.7
6.1
5.9
6.2
12.5
12.2
12.6
9.6
10.6
10.1
8.4
9.3
8.6
10.0
16.1
16.5
11.8
5.5
5.9
5.3
12.6
12.3
12.6
9.7
10.4
10.2
8.6
9.8
8.9
10.4
16.1
16.5
12.4
5.9
H
5.8
12.5
12.2
12.6
9.6
10.5
10.1
8.6
9.7
8.6
10.6
16.0
16.3
12.2
6.2
6.7
6.0
12.5
12.3
12.5
9.9
10.2
10.4
8.6
9.8
8.5
10.7
(')
12.5
8.2
9.3
8.7
6.8
8.8
7.8
9.8
11.1
11.3
11.7
161
—
—
6.6
—
—
12.6
—
—
10.2
15.8
—
—
6.1
—
—
12.6
—
—
10.5
—
—
9.8
—
—
15.7
—
—
6.7
—
—
12.6
—
—
10.4
—
—
—
9.8
—
—
—
—
—
—
10.3
—
—
M ales
All occupation groups......................................
8.2
9.0
9.7
10.1
10.0
10.3
10.7
10.8
11.1
Professional and managerial w orkers....................
Professional and technical w orkers.................
Managers and administrators, except fa rm ....
Farm w o rkers.........................................................
Farmers and farm m anagers...........................
Farm laborers and supervisors........................
Sales and clerical workers......................................
Sales w orkers..................................................
Clerical workers...............................................
Blue-collar w orkers.................................................
Craft and kindred workers...............................
O peratives........................................................
Nonfarm laborers.............................................
Service workers.......................................................
Private household workers...............................
Other service w orkers..................................
14.8
16.2
H
5.3
5.0
5.5
12.4
(*)
12.4
7.9
9.2
8.4
6.7
9.6
0)
9.6
12.8
16.2
10.7
5.6
5.2
5.7
12.4
H
12.4
8.6
8.9
8.9
8.1
9.4
(>)
9.6
15.4
16.5
11.0
5.9
5.3
6.2
12.3
(*)
12.4
9.4
10.5
10.0
8.3
8.9
(l )
8.9
16.0
16.6
11.5
5.2
5.8
14.6
16.2
12.1
6.1
6.6
5.8
12.4
15.4
16.5
12.3
6.1
12.5
n
12.6
9.6
10.3
10.0
8.6
10.0
(*)
10.0
15.7
16.6
12.1
5.6
H
5.5
12.5
0)
12.4
9.4
10.2
9.9
8.5
10.2
14.6
16.6
12.4
6.6
—
—
12.6
—
—
10.2
10.5
10.6
9.2
10.5
All occupation groups......................................
9.4
10.5
10.8
Professional and managerial w orkers....................
Professional and technical workers ...............
Managers and administrators, except farm ....
Farm w orkers..........................................................
Sales and clerical workers......................................
Sales w orkers..................................................
Clerical w orkers...............................................
Blue-collar w orkers.................................................
Craft and kindred workers................................
Operatives........................................................
Nonfarm laborers.............................................
Service workers.......................................................
Private household workers...............................
Other service w o rkers.....................................
15.6
16.2
(*)
H
12.5
16.2
16.3
W
C1)
12.5
H
12.5
10.0
n
10.0
C
1)
9.2
8.3
10.7
15.5
16.1
(*)
(1)
12.6
H
12.7
10.7
10.2
10.3
—
15.0
16.6
12.4
6.3
(4)
6.4
12.5
'—
—
10.2
11.0
10.6
8.8
10.2
—
—
11.2
11.2
11.6
11.8
11.9
12.1
16.3
16.4
16.3
16.4
n
H
12.5
(*)
12.6
10.9
H
10.7
(*)
9.5
8.6
10.8
16.3
16.4
16.5
—
—
16.2
—
—
(4)
12.6
16.3
—
—
(4)
12.6
n
n
{')
12.4
9.5
10.1
10.0
8.6
10.3
i 1)
—
—
12.5
—
—
10.0
10.5
10.4
8.9
10.3
—
—
—
Fem ales
n
12.6
9.5
H
9.4
H
8.6
7.8
10.0
See footnotes at end of table.
145
il)
10.5
(*)
9.5
8.6
10.8
(l )
(')
12.6
(>)
12.6
10.6
0)
10.6
n
9.7
8.9
10.7
n
H
12.6
(1)
12.6
11.1
(*)
11.1
(')
9.6
8.5
11.0
(4)
12.6
—
—
—
—
—
—
11.2
11.2
11.6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
9.6
8.4
11.0
9.7
8.4
10.9
—
10.2
8.7
11.2
Table 70. Median years of school completed by the employed by sex, occupation, and
race, March, selected years, 1959-79— Continued
Sex and occupation group
Black and other—
Continued
1971
1972 2
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977 4
1978
1979
BOTH S E X E S
All occupation groups.................
12.0
12.0
12.1
12.2
12.2
12.3
12.3
12.3
12.4
Professional and managerial workers
Farm w o rkers....................................
Sales and clerical workers.................
Blue-collar w orkers............................
Service workers.................................
15.9
6.4
12.6
10.8
10.5
16.0
6.2
12.5
10.9
10.7
16.2
6.7
12.6
11.2
11.0
16.2
6.9
12.7
11.6
11.0
16.4
6.8
12.7
11.6
11.3
16.2
7.6
12.7
11.9
11.5
16.0
8.1
12.7
11.7
11.4
15.6
7.0
12.7
12.0
11.6
15.9
7.2
12.7
12.1
11.6
Males
All occupation groups.................................
11.4
11.6
12.0
12.1
12.2
12.2
12.1
12.2
12.3
Professional and managerial w orkers...............
Professional and technical workers...........
Managers and administrators, except farm
Farm w o rkers....................................................
Sales and clerical workers................................
Blue-collar w orkers.......................... .................
Craft and kindred workers..........................
O peratives..................................................
Operatives, except transport...............
Transport equipment operatives.........
Nonfarm lab orers.......................................
Service workers.................................................
15.4
16.6
12.5
6.0
12.6
10.6
11.3
11.0
(3)
(3)
9.5
10.7
16.0
16.7
12.8
6.7
12.5
10.7
11.2
11.1
11.3
10.7
9.7
11.1
16.2
16.6
13.8
7.2
12.6
11.0
12.0
11.2
11.6
10.7
9.9
11.1
16.2
16.7
12.9
6.7
12.7
11.4
12.1
11.6
11.9
11.1
10.1
11.1
16.6
16.9
14.1
6.5
12.8
12.1
12.1
11.6
11.7
11.6
10.1
12.0
16.1
16.5
13.3
7.5
12.7
11.9
12.3
11.9
12.0
11.4
10.6
11.9
15.4
16.3
13.0
7.7
12.8
11.6
12.1
11.7
12.0
11.1
10.6
12.0
15.1
16.2
14.2
6.8
12.8
12.0
12.2
12.1
12.1
12.0
10.9
12.0
15.5
16.0
14.6
6.9
12.7
12.1
12.2
12.1
12.1
11.9
11.8
11.9
All occupation groups.................
12.2
12.2
12.3
12.3
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
12.4
Professional and managerial workers
Farm w orkers....................................
Sales and clerical workers.................
Blue-collar w orkers............................
Service workers.................................
Private household workers.........
Other service w orkers................
16.1
16.0
16.3
16.3
16.2
12.6
11.7
10.4
8.8
11.4
12.6
11.6
11.4
8.9
11.4
12.6
11.7
10.9
9.3
11.9
12.7
12.0
10.5
9.1
11.8
16.4
9.0
12.7
12.1
11.0
9.2
11.7
16.2
10.6
12.7
12.0
11.2
9.8
11.8
16.0
(2)
12.7
12.0
11.3
9.6
12.0
16.1
(2)
12.7
12.1
11.5
9.5
12.0
Females
n
1 For years prior to 1959, median not shown where base is less
than 150,000; for 1959-68, median not shown where base is less
than 100,000; and for 1970 forward, median not shown where
base is less than 75,000.
2 See footnote 1, table 68.
3 Not available.
4 Beginning with 1977, data refer to black workers only.
n
(')
n
H
12.7
11.9
11.3
9.0
12.0
N o t e : Beginning with 1971, occupational data are not strictly
comparable with statistics for earlier years as a result of changes
in the occupational classification system for the 1970 Census of
Population that were introduced into the Current Population
Survey (CPS) in Jan. 1971. Moreover, 1972 data are not com
pletely comparable with 1971 because of the addition of a ques
tion to the C P S in Dec. 1971 relating to major activities and
duties. For a further explanation, see the Technical Note on the
Current Population Survey.
146
Table 71. Civilian labor force by sex, age, and race; actual 1970 and 1977, projected 1985
and 1990
[Numbers in thousands]
Projected
Actual
High growth
Sex, age, and race
1970
Intermediate growth
Low growth
1977
1985
Total, 16 years and o ve r..........
1990
1985
1990
1985
1990
82,715
97,401
117,005
125,603
112,953
119,366
108,900
113,521
51,195
9 J1 5
4,006
5,709
32^193
11 *311
10,464
10,417
7,124
2,164
57,449
12,862
4,985
7,877
35,698
14,887
10,619
10,192
8,888
7,043
1,845
65,013
12,882
4,589
8,293
42,533
18,244
14,396
9,893
9,598
7,506
2,092
68,220
11,879
4,587
7,292
47,056
18,914
16,918
11,224
9,285
7,197
2,088
63,007
12,465
4,374
8,091
41,824
17,925
14,218
9,681
8,718
6,953
1,765
65,115
11,156
4,199
6,957
45,845
18,401
16,593
10,851
8,114
6,383
1,731
61,169
12,134
4,225
7,909
41,219
17,649
14,108
9,462
7,816
6,551
1,265
62,472
10,744
4,007
6,737
44,844
17,967
16,395
10,482
6,884
5,796
1,088
31,520
8 J1 5
3*241
4*874
18,196
5,698
5,967
6*531
5,209
4*153
1,056
39,952
10,823
4,267
6,556
23,692
9,848
7,152
6,697
5,432
4,367
1,065
51,992
12,510
4,457
8,053
33,596
15,190
11,520
6,886
5,886
4,683
1,203
57,383
12,054
4,546
7,508
39,630
16,938
14,611
8,081
5,699
4,487
1,212
49,945
11,934
4,192
7,742
32,432
14,607
11,079
6,746
5,580
4,536
1,044
54,253
11,225
4,139
7,086
37,713
16,063
13,820
7,830
5,313
4,270
1,043
47,731
11,315
3,887
7,428
31,220
13,873
10,788
6,559
5,196
4,297
899
51,049
10,375
3,749
6,626
35,942
15,087
13,346
7,509
4,732
3,925
807
73,518
86,107
101,951
108,253
98,876
103,751
95,285
98,686
46,013
8,533
3,550
4,983
28,988
10,088
9,413
9,488
8,492
6,515
1,977
51,421
11,405
4,461
6,944
31,900
13,251
9,453
9,195
8,116
6,445
1,671
57,137
11,064
3,958
7,106
37,399
15,849
12,782
8,768
8,674
6,784
1,890
59,234
9,954
3,836
6,118
40,976
16,192
14,872
9,912
8,304
6,426
1,878
55,753
10,925
3,897
7,028
36,949
15,646
12,669
8,634
7,879
6,284
1,595
57,185
9,689
3,717
5,972
40,237
15,883
14,675
9,679
7,259
5,699
1,560
54,147
10,676
3,786
6,890
36,425
15,403
12,580
8,442
7,046
5,919
1,127
54,921
9,401
3,585
5,816
39,380
15,506
14,517
9,357
6,140
5,171
969
27,505
7,135
2,889
4,246
15,684
4,790
5,112
5,781
4,686
3,734
952
34,686
9,525
3,834
5,682
20,307
8,326
6,113
5,867
4,864
3,918
946
44,814
10,835
3,911
6,924
28,777
12,834
9,995
5,948
5,202
4,143
1,059
49,019
10,219
3,880
6,339
33,826
14,227
12,618
6,981
4,974
3,912
1,062
43,123
10,437
3,762
6,675
27,743
12,266
9,616
5,861
4,943
4,024
919
46,566
9,736
3,691
6,045
32,178
13,387
11,962
6,829
4,652
3,742
910
41,138
9,915
3,498
6,417
26,610
11,562
9,351
5,697
4,613
3,818
795
43,765
9,024
3,352
5,672
30,579
12,480
11,552
6,547
4,162
3,450
712
9,197
11,294
15,058
17,350
14,079
15,615
13,618
14,836
5,182
1,181
456
725
3,205
1,223
6,028
1,458
524
934
3,798
1,635
7,879
1,820
632
1,188
5,134
2,396
8,986
1,926
751
1,175
6,080
2,723
7,256
1,542
478
1,064
4,875
2,280
7,930
1,468
482
986
5,606
2,518
7,022
1,460
440
1,020
4,792
2,246
7,550
1,343
421
922
5,464
2,462
M A LE S
Total, 16 years and o ve r.........
16 to 24 years.........................................
16 to 19 ye a rs.................................
20 to 24 years.................................
25 to 54 years.........................................
25 to 34 y ears.................................
35 to 44 ye a rs.................................
45 to 54 y ears.................................
55 years and o v e r..................................
55 to 64 y ears.................................
65 years and over............................
9,2SQ
F E M A LE S
Total, 16 years and o ve r.........
16 to 24 years........................................
16 to 19 ye a rs.................................
20 to 24 y ears.................................
25 to 54 years........................................
25 to 34 y ears.................................
35 to 44 ye a rs................................
45 to 54 y ears.................................
55 years and o v e r.................................
55 to 64 y ears.................................
65 years and over............................
WHITE
Total, 16 years and o ve r..........
Males
Total, 16 years and ove r..........
16 to 24 years.........................................
16 to 19 ye a rs.................................
20 to 24 ye a rs.................................
25 to 54 years.......... ..............................
25 to 34 y ears.................................
35 to 44 y ears.................................
45 to 54 ye a rs.................................
55 years and o v e r..................................
55 to 64 years.................................
65 years and over............................
Fem ales
Total, 16 years and o ve r..........
16 to 24 years.........................................
16 to 19 years.................................
20 to 24 years.................................
25 to 54 years.........................................
25 to 34 ye a rs.................................
35 to 44 years.................................
45 to 54 ye a rs.................................
55 years and o v e r..................................
55 to 64 y e a rs.................................
65 years and over............................
B L A C K AN D O TH ER
Total, 16 years and o ve r..........
Males
Total, 16 years and o ve r..........
16 to 24 years.........................................
16 to 19 y ears.................................
20 to 24 y ears.................................
25 to 54 years.........................................
25 to 34 y ears.................................
147
Table 71. Civilian labor force by sex, age, and race; actual 1970 and 1977, projected 1985
and 1990—Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Actual
Projected
Sex, age, and race
High growth
1970
Intermediate growth
Low growth
1977
1985
1990
1985
1990
1985
1990
B L A C K AND O TH ER — Continued
Males— Continued
35 to 44 ye a rs.................................
45 to 54 ye a rs.................................
55 years and o v e r..................................
55 to 64 years.................................
65 years and over............................
1,052
929
797
609
188
1,167
996
772
598
174
1,613
1,125
925
722
203
2,045
1,312
980
771
209
1,548
1,047
839
669
170
1,916
1,172
856
683
173
1,527
1,019
770
632
138
1,877
1,125
743
624
119
4,015
979
351
628
2,512
907
855
750
523
419
104
5,266
1,307
433
874
3,390
1,521
1,039
830
568
449
119
7,179
1,675
546
1,129
4,820
2,355
1,526
939
684
541
143
8,364
1,834
665
1,169
5,804
2,710
1,994
1,100
726
576
150
6,823
1,497
430
1,067
4,690
2,341
1,464
885
636
512
124
7,683
1,488
448
1,040
5,537
2,677
1,859
1,001
660
529
131
6,596
1,400
389
1,011
4,612
2,312
1,438
862
584
480
104
7,286
1,351
397
954
5,364
2,608
1,795
961
571
476
95
Females
Total, 16 years and o ve r..........
16 to 24 years.........................................
16 to 19 ye a rs.................................
20 to 24 ye a rs.................................
25 to 54 years.........................................
25 to 34 years..................................
35 to 44 ye a rs..................................
45 to 54 ye a rs..................................
55 years and o v e r..................................
55 to 64 ye a rs.................................
65 years and over............................
148
Technical Notes
Employees on Nonagricultural Payrolls
(Covers tables 72-98)
Data from payroll records, submitted voluntarily by
over 160,000 employers, provide current information
on (1) wage and salary employment, hours, and earn
ing in nonagricultural establishments; and (2) labor
turnover in manufacturing establishments, by industry
and geographic location. These statistical programs
are conducted by BLS in cooperation with State
agencies.
For complete historical data, see Employment and
Earnings, United States, 1 9 0 9 -7 8 Bulletin 1312-11,
and Employment and Earnings, States and Areas,
1939-78, Bulletin 1370-13.
Collection
The two types of data collection documents used,
BLS Form 790 (Report on Employment, Payroll, and
Hours) and Form DL 1219 (Monthly Report on
Labor Turnover) are of the “shuttle” type, with
spaces for each month of the calendar year. The co
operating State agencies mail the reporting forms to
the participating establishments each month, use the
information to prepare State and area estimates, and
then send the data to BLS in Washington for use in
preparing national series.
BLS 790 provides for reporting of data on the
number of full- and part-time workers for the pay
period which includes the 12th of the month. For the
same period in most industries, it also provides for re
porting data on payroll and hours of production and
related workers, or nonsupervisory workers. Form
DL 1219 provides for the collection of information on
the total number of accessions and separations, by
type, for all employees during the calendar month.
Concepts and definitions
Employment data refer to persons on establishment
payrolls who receive pay for any part of the refer
ence pay period, and include workers on paid sick
leave (when pay is received directly from the firm),
on paid holiday or paid vacation, and those who
work during a part of the pay period and are unem
ployed or on strike during the rest of the period. Pro
prietors, the self-employed, unpaid family workers,
farm workers, and domestic workers in households
149
are excluded. Government employment covers civil
ian employees only.
Labor turnover is the gross movement of wage and
salary workers into and out of employed status with
respect to individual establishments. This movement,
relating to a calendar month, is divided into two
broad types: Accessions (new hires and rehires) and
separations (quits, layoffs, and other separations).
Each type of turnover action is expressed as a rate
per hundred employees. The data relate to all em
ployees, whether full- or part-time, permanent or tem
porary, production or nonproduction workers.
Hours and earnings data are derived from reports of
payrolls and hours for production and related workers
in manufacturing, and mining, construction workers in
construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the re
maining nonfarm components.
The payroll figures relate to full- and part-time pro
duction, construction, or nonsupervisory workers
who receive pay for any part of the reference period.
They are reported before deductions of any kind; e.g.,
for old-age and unemployment insurance, group insur
ance, withholding tax, bonds, or union dues. Pay for
overtime, holidays, vacations, and sick leave is also
included.
Hours cover hours worked or paid for during the
pay period of reference for production, construction,
or nonsupervisory workers. The hours include hours
paid for holidays and vacations, and for sick leave.
Overtime hours cover premium overtime hours of
production and related workers during the pay
period. Overtime hours are those for which premiums
are paid because the hours were in excess of the
number of hours of the straight-time workday or
workweek.
Indexes o f aggregate weekly hours are prepared by
dividing the current month’s aggregate by the month
ly average for the 1967 period and multiplying that
quotient by 100. The hours aggregates are the prod
uct of average weekly hours and production-worker
employment.
Average hourly earnings are derived by dividing pay
rolls by hours. These averages are on a “gross” basis,
reflecting not only changes in basic hourly and incen
tive wage rates, but also such variable factors as pre
mium pay for overtime and late-shift work, and
changes in output of workers paid on an incentive
plan. The earnings series do not measure the level of
total labor costs on the part of the employer since the
following are excluded: Irregular bonuses, retroactive
items, payment of various welfare benefits, payroll
taxes paid by employers, and earnings for those em
ployees not covered under the production worker,
construction worker, or nonsupervisory employee
definition.
The Hourly Earnings Index is calculated from the
average hourly earnings series. It adjusts these data to
exclude the effects of two types of change that are
unrelated to underlying wage-rate developments:
Fluctuations in work at overtime premium rates in
manufacturing (the only sector for which overtime
data are available) and shifts in the proportion of
workers in high-wage and low-wage industries.
Average hourly earnings excluding overtime in manu
facturing are computed by dividing the total produc
tion-worker payroll for the industry group by the sum
of total production-worker hours and one-half of total
overtime hours, which is equivalent to payrolls divid
ed by straight-time hours. This method assumes that
overtime earnings are paid at one and one-half times
the straight-time rates; no adjustment is made for
other types of premium payments.
Average weekly earnings are obtained by multiplying
average weekly hours by average hourly earnings.
Weekly earnings are affected not only by changes in
gross average hourly earnings, but also by changes in
the length of the workweek, part-time work, stop
pages for varying causes, labor turnover, and absen
teeism.
Spendable average earnings in current dollars are ob
tained by deducting estimated Federal social security
and income taxes from gross weekly earnings. The
amount of tax liability depends on the dependents sup
ported by the worker and his marital status, as well as
on the level of his gross income.
Real earnings are computed by dividing the current
Consumer Price Indexes for Urban Wage Earners and
Clerical Workers into earnings averages for the
month to adjust the earnings for changes in purchas
ing power since the base period (1967) and multiply
ing by 100.
Benchmark adjustments
Periodically, the industry employment series are ad
justed to recent benchmarks (comprehensive counts of
employment) to improve their accuracy. These adjust
ments may also affect the hours, earnings, and labor
turnover series since employment levels are used as
weights. Industry data for all national series in this
edition of the Handbook have been adjusted to March
1978 benchmarks. Consequently, data from April 1979
forward are subject to revision at the time of the next
benchmark adjustment. Data shown for the individual
States are also subject to revision at the time the co
operating State agencies adjust their series to later
benchmarks.
Comparability with other series
Total employment in nonagricultural establishments
from the payroll survey is not directly comparable
with the Bureau’s estimates of nonagricultural em
ployment obtained from the monthly household
survey (Current Population Survey). The household
survey, a count of persons, includes the self-em
ployed, unpaid family workers, and private household
workers. The payroll series, in contrast, is a count of
jobs and workers. Thus, the multiple jobholder,
counted only once in the household survey, would be
counted once for each job by the payroll survey. Em
ployment estimates developed by quinquennial cen
suses may differ from payroll estimates due, primarily,
to the reporting practices of multiproduct establish
ments, and administrative handling of central offices
and auxiliary units.
For a more detailed description of these programs,
see chapter 3, Employment, Hours, and Earnings, and
chapter 4, Labor Turnover, of the Handbook o f Meth
ods for Surveys and Studies, BLS Bulletin 1910.
150
Table 72. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, selected years, 1919-79
[In thousands]
Service producing
Goods producing
Manufacturing
Year
Total
Total
1919................
1920................
1925................
1930................
27,078
27,340
28,766
29,409
12,828
12,760
12,489
11,958
Min
ing
1,133
1,239
1,089
1,009
Con
struction
1,036
863
1,461
1,387
Total
10,659
10,658
9,939
9,562
Dura Non
ble durable
goods goods
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
Total
14,275
14,605
16,304
17,481
Trans
portation
and
public
utilities
3,711
3,998
3,826
3,685
_ 16,175
5,622 17,304
6,450 20,920
7,147 26,690
7,341 30,128
2,786
3,038
3,906
4,034
4,141
W holesale and retail
trade
Total
4,514
4,467
5,576
5,797
Whole
sale
Retail
—
—
—
—
—
—
Fi
nance,
insur
ance,
and
real
estate
Government
Serv
ices
Total
Fed
eral
State
and
local
—
—
1,096
1,160
1,218
1,460
2,253
2,352
2,857
3,361
2,676
2,603
2,800
3,148
526
2,622
—
5,431
6,750
7,314
9,386
10,535
_
1,835
1,949
2,635
2,926
_
4,914
5,365
6,751
7,610
1,320
1,485
1,481
1,888
2,298
3,128
3,665
4,222
5,357
6,240
3,481
4,202
5,944
6,026
6,914
753
996
2,808
1,928
2,187
2,728
3,206
3,137
4,098
4,727
8,353 2,270
8,594 2,279
8,890 2,340
9,225 2,358
9,596 2,348
6,083
6,315
6,550
6,868
7,248
1935................
1940................
1945................
1950................
1955................
27,039 10,893
32,361 13,221
40,374 17,507
45,197 18,506
50,641 20,513
897
925
836
901
792
927
1,311
1,147
2,364
2,839
9,069
10,985 5,363
15,524 9,074
15,241 8,094
16,882 9,541
1960................
1961................
1962................
1963................
1964................
54,189
53,999
55,549
56,653
58,283
20,434
19,857
20,451
20,640
21,005
712
672
650
635
634
2,926
2,859
2,948
3,010
3,097
16,796
16,326
16,853
16,995
17,274
9,459
9,070
9,480
9,616
9,816
7,337
7,256
7,373
7,380
7,458
33,756
34,142
35,098
36,014
37,277
4,004
3,903
3,906
3,903
3,951
11,391
11,337
11,566
11,778
12,160
3,143
3,133
3,198
3,248
3,337
8,248
8,204
8,368
8,530
8,823
2,629
2,688
2,754
2,830
2,911
7,378
7,620
7,982
8,277
8,660
1965................
1966................
1967................
1968................
1969................
60,765 21,926
63,901 23,158
65,803 23,308
67,897 23,737
70,384 24,362
632
627
613
606
619
3,232 18,062
3,317 19,214
3,248 19,447
3,350 19,781
3,575 20,167
10,405
11,282
11,439
11,626
11,895
7,656
7,930
8,007
8,155
8,272
38,838
40,744
42,496
44,158
46,022
4,036
4,158
4,268
4,318
4,442
12,716
13,245
13,606
14,099
14,705
3,466
3,597
3,689
3,779
3,907
9,250
9,648
9,917
10,320
10,798
2,977
3,058
3,185
3,337
3,512
9,036
9,498
10,045
10,567
11,169
10,074
10,784
11,391
11,839
12,195
2,378
2,564
2,719
2,737
2,758
7,696
8,220
8,672
9,102
9,437
1970................
1971................
1972................
1973................
1974................
70,880
71,214
73,675
76,790
78,265
23,577
22,935
23,668
24,893
24,794
623
609
628
642
697
3,588 19,367
3,704 18,623
3,889 19,151
4,097 20,154
4,020 20,077
11,208
10,636
11,049
11,891
11,925
8,158 47,302
7,987 48,276
8,102 50,007
8,262 51,897
8,152 53,471
4,515
4,476
4,541
4,656
4,725
15,040
15,352
15,949
16,607
16,987
3,993
4,001
4,113
4,277
4,433
11,047
11,351
11,836
12,329
12,554
3,645
3,772
3,908
4,046
4,148
11,548
11,797
12,276
12,857
13,441
12,554 2,731
12,881 2,696
13,334 2,684
13,732 2,663
14,170 2,724
9,823
10,185
10,649
11,068
11,446
1975................
1976................
1977................
1978................
1979................
76,945
79,382
82,423
86,446
89,482
22,600
23,352
24,346
25,597
26,574
752
779
813
851
957
3,525 18,323 10,688
3,576 18,997 11,077
3,851 19,682 11,597
4,271 20,476 12,246
4,644 20,972 12,690
7,635 54,345
7,920 56,030
8,086 58,077
8,230 60,849
8,283 62,909
4,542 17,060
4,582 17,755
4,713 18,516
4,927 19,499
5,154 20,137
4,415
4,546
4,708
4,957
5,170
12,645
13,209
13,808
14,542
14,966
4,165
4,271
4,467
4,727
4,963
13,892
14,551
15,303
16,220
17,043
14,686 2,748
14,871 2,733
15,079 2,727
15,476 2,753
15,612 2,773
11,937
12,138
12,352
12,723
12,839
N o t e : Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. Dash indicates
data are not available.
151
Table 73. Employees on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group, selected years, 1939-79
[In thousands]
Durable goods
Year
Total
Lumber
and wood
products
1939................
1940................
1945................
1950................
1955................
4,715
5,363
9,074
8,094
9,541
837
771.1
I960..,.............
1961................
1962................
1963................
1964................
9,459
9,070
9,480
9,616
9,816
1965................
1966................
1967................
1968................
1969................
Furniture
and
fixtures
Stone,
clay, and
glass
products
Primary
metal
products
Fabricated
metal
products
M iscella
neous
manufac
turing
industries
Machinery
except
electrical
Electric
and
electronic
equipment
Transpor
tation
equipment
Instru
ments and
related
products
435
487
967
967
1,226.8
644
833
2,544
1,266
1,893.8
___
___
___
___
283
381.8
400
396.2
346
346.5
370
387
407
547
588.4
1,194
1,266.9
1,043
1,221.2
588
701
1,307
1,210
1,448.5
659.9
614.4
624.0
631.0
647.1
364.9
350.0
366.8
371.3
386.5
604.0
582.0
592.3
600.8
613.8
1,184.8
1,100.1
1,120.9
1,127.3
1,187.8
1,230.4
1,181.3
1,237.9
1,263.9
1,295.3
1,479.0
1,418.6
1,493.2
1,529.3
1,609.6
1,442.3
1,443.4
1,531.2
1,515.0
1,503.7
1,685.7
1,590.9
1,700.5
1,766.9
1,751.3
418.7
410.9
423.7
423.4
424.3
389.9
378.2
389.6
386.8
397.6
10,405
11,282
11,439
11,626
11,895
654.0
665.5
649.1
656.3
677.7
410.2
439.6
434.1
449.5
461.3
628.3
644.2
628.3
635.5
656.4
1,252.8
1,296.5
1,267.0
1,261.0
1,305.0
1,372.3
1,489.2
1,556.6
1,609.6
1,665.6
1,735.3
1,910.0
1,969.6
1,965.9
2,032.6
1,615.2
1,856.2
1,907.2
1,924.5
1,966.0
1,872.6
2,052.3
2,080.0
2,155.3
2,142.3
445.2
495.2
518.8
529.6
547.3
419.5
433.7
428.4
433.4
441.0
1970................
1971................
1972................
1973................
1974................
11,208
10,636
11,049
11,891
11,925
645.5
668.9
725.6
759.2
712.3
439.9
443.6
483.3
506.8
489.3
643.8
644.7
678.1
715.7
707.7
1,260.4
1,171.0
1,173.3
1,259.1
1,288.8
1,560.0
1,480.1
1,546.7
1,651.1
1,638.5
1,983.6
1,815.2
1,889.0
2,089.0
2,208.1
1,870.5
1,744.3
1,813.4
1,969.5
1,967.9
1,853.3
1,761.3
1,790.3
1,929.3
1,868.3
526.8
494.9
516.0
557.3
592.2
425.7
411.7
433.3
454.4
452.0
1975....,...........
1976................
1977................
1978................
1979................
10,688
11,077
11,597
12,246
12,690
614.7
679.6
721.9
752.4
758.4
416.9
444.3
464.3
491.1
487.3
629.0
644.4
668.7
698.0
710.8
1,139.0
1,154.9
1,181.6
1,212.7
1,243.9
1,458.3
1,510.9
1,582.8
1,673.4
1,727.2
2,056.8
2,065.2
2,174.7
2,319.2
2,462.5
1,701.6
1,774.3
1,878.0
1,999.5
2,108.7
1,715.0
1,798.7
1,871.5
1,991.7
2,048.3
550.1
575.3
615.1
653.5
690.4
406.8
429.1
438.4
454.0
452.4
Printing
and
publishing
Chemicals
and allied
products
Petroleum
and coal
products
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1/
Nondurable goods
Total
Food and
kindred
products
1939................
1940................
1945................
1950................
1955................
5,564
5,622
6,450
7,147
7,341
1,393
1,414
1,691
1,790
1,824.7
1960................
1961................
1962................
1963................
1964................
7,337
7,256
7,373
7,380
7,458
1965................
1966................
1967................
1968................
1969................
Tobacco
manufac
tures
Textile mill
products
Apparel
and other
textile
products
Paper and
allied
products
Rubber
and
miscella
neous
plastics
products
Leather
and
leather
products
103
102.5
1,193
1,176
1,139
1,256
1,050.2
924
929
1,060
1,202
1,219.2
320
333
391
485
550.0
569
570
577
748
834.7
371
399
668
640
773.1
139
146
186
218
237.1
163
176
284
311
363.3
386
374
358
395
385.9
1,790.0
1,775.2
1,763.0
1,752.0
1,750.4
94.0
90.7
90.5
88.6
90.2
924.4
893.4
902.3
885.4
892.0
1,233.2
1,214.5
1,263.7
1,282.8
1,302.5
601.1
601.3
614.4
618.5
625.5
911.3
917.3
926.4
930.6
951.5
828.2
828.2
848.5
865.3
878.6
211.9
201.9
195.3
188.7
183.9
379.0
375.3
408.4
418.5
436.0
363.4
358.2
360.7
349.2
347.6
7,656
7,930
8,007
8,155
8,272
1,756.7
1,777.2
1,786.3
1,781.5
1,790.8
86.8
84.3
86.5
84.6
83.0
925.6
963.5
958.5
993.9
1,002.5
1,354.2
1,401.9
1,397.5
1,405.8
1,409.1
639.1
666.9
679.1
691.2
711.1
979.4
1,016.9
1,047.8
1,065.1
1,093.6
907.8
961.4
1,001.4
1,029.9
1,059.9
182.9
184.2
183.2
186.8
182.3
470.8
510.7
516.4
561.3
596.3
352.9
363.6
350.9
355.2
343.2
1970................
1971................
1972................
1973................
1974................
8,158
7,987
8,102
8,262
8,152
1,786.2
1,765.6
1,745.2
1,714.8
1,706.7
82.9
77.1
74.9
77.5
77.1
974.8
954.7
985.7
1,009.8
965.0
1,363.8
1,342.6
1,382.7
1,438.1
1,362.6
705.5
681.9
688.9
704.6
706.1
1,104.3
1,080.5
1,094.0
1,110.7
1,111.3
1,049.3
1,010.7
1,009.2
1,037.6
1,060.5
191.2
194.2
195.4
192.9
197.0
580.1
580.5
630.1
692.2
694.7
319.5
299.1
296.0
284.0
271.1
1975................
1976................
1977................
1978................
1979................
7,635
7,920
8,086
8,230
8,283
1,657.5
1,688.9
1,711.0
1,721.2
1,716.3
75.5
76.6
70.7
69.6
66.2
867.9
918.8
910.2
900.2
891.9
1,243.3
1,318.1
1,316.3
1,332.5
1,313.1
642.0
675.5
691.6
700,9
714.1
1,083.4
1,099.2
1,141.4
1,193.1
1,242.9
1,014.7
1,042.5
1,073.7
1,096.3
1,112.7
194.4
198.5
202.3
208.7
213.8
608.1
639.5
713.5
751.9
767.5
248.2
262.7
254.8
255.6
243.8
—
—
N o t e : Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. Dash indicates
data are not available.
152
Table 74. Production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
division, selected years, 1939-79
[)n thousands]
Manufacturing
Year
Total
private
Mining
Construc
tion
Total
Durable
goods
Nondura
ble goods
Transportation and
public
utilities
W holesale
Total
_
_
—
6,375
7,117
—
—
—
—
2,705
2,684
2,726
2,758
2,823
7,627
7,567
7,691
7,820
8,046
2,145
2,189
2,237
2,291
2,347
—
—
—
—
7,939
11,358
11,820
12,121
12,542
13,094
2,922
3,023
3,085
3,153
3,260
8,436
8,797
9,037
9,389
9,834
2,388
2,442
2,534
2,651
2,797
8,295
8,749
9,246
9,727
10,205
3,914
3,872
3,943
4,034
4,079
13,375
13,615
14,135
14,715
14,999
3,329
3,315
3,405
3,547
3,670
10,046
10,300
10,729
11,168
11,329
2,879
2,937
3,024
3,121
3,169
10,481
10,655
11,059
11,606
12,100
3,894
3,918
4,008
4,147
4,315
15,023
15,649
16,316
17,181
17,700
3,637
3,746
3,878
4,085
4,248
11,387
11,904
12,438
13,096
13,452
3,173
3,243
3,397
3,596
3,772
12,479
13,043
13,683
14,445
15,133
—
2,101
2,477
4,423
4,463
5,468
5,817
5,740
—
—
—
—
—
—
8,742
9,675
—
—
2,382
2,574
570
532
512
498
497
2,497
2,426
2,500
2,562
2,637
12,586
12,083
12,488
12,555
12,781
7,028
6,618
6,935
7,027
7,213
5,558
5,465
5,553
5,527
5,569
_
—
—
—
3,490
10,315
10,234
10,400
10,560
10,869
42,278
44,249
45,137
46,473
48,208
494
487
469
461
472
2,749
2,818
2,741
2,822
3,012
13,434
14,296
14,308
14,514
14,767
7,715
8,369
8,364
8,457
8,651
5,719
5,926
5,944
6,056
6,116
3,561
3,638
3,718
3,757
3,863
19 7 0 .................
19 7 1 .................
19 7 2 .................
19 7 3 .................
19 7 4 .................
48,156
48,148
49,937
52,201
52,809
473
455
475
486
530
2,990
3,071
3,257
3,405
3,294
14,044
13,544
14,045
14,834
14,638
8,055
7,664
8,051
8,728
8,662
5,989
5,880
5,993
6,107
5,976
1 9 7 5 .................
19 7 6 .................
19 7 7 .................
1 9 7 8 .................
1 9 7 9 .................
50,991
52,897
55,179
58,109
60,358
571
592
618
638
718
2,808
2,814
3,021
3,388
3,710
13,043
13,638
14,135
14,714
15,010
7,557
7,914
8,307
8,786
9,053
5,485
5,724
5,828
5,928
5,957
—
—
816
680
19 6 0 .................
19 6 1 .................
1 9 6 2 .................
1 9 6 3 .................
19 6 4 .................
38,516
37,989
38,979
39,553
40,560
19 6 5 .................
1 9 6 6 .................
19 6 7 .................
1 9 6 8 .................
1 9 6 9 .................
—
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to con
struction workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in trans
portation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.
153
_
Services
—
—
1,565
1,889
3,895
4,477
7,541
6,705
7,548
—
—
34,349
37,500
Retail
_
_
8,318
8,940
13,009
12,523
13,288
19 3 9 .................
19 40 .................
1 9 4 5 .................
19 5 0 .................
19 5 5 .................
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate 2
W holesale and retail trade
—
2 Excludes nonoffice salespersons.
o t e : Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. Dash indicates
data are not available.
N
Table 75. Production workers on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group, selected years,
1929-79
[In thousands]
Durable goods
Year
Lumber
and wood
products
Total
Furniture
and
fixtures
Stone,
clay, and
glass
products
1929...............
1930...............
_
_
_
_
_
_
353
301
1935...............
1940...............
1945...............
1950...............
1955...............
4,477
7,541
6,705
7,548
—
—
770
698.4
—
—
302
292.6
1960................
.....
1961
1962
.....
1963................
1964................
7,028
6,618
6,935
7,027
7,213
587.9
543.8
554.7
557.7
566.6
1965................
1966................
1967................
1968................
1969................
7,715
8,369
8,364
8,457
8,651
1970................
1971................
1972................
1973................
1974................
1975............... J
1976................
1977...............
1978...............
1979...............
Primary
metal
products
Fabricated
metal
products
Machinery,
except
electrical
Electric
and
electronic
equipment
Transpor
tation
equipment
Instru
ments and
related
products
M iscella
neous
manufac
turing
industries
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
251
329
353
473
495.6
_
—
1,031
1,069.4
_
—
862
974.5
550
1,042
929
1,069.2
366
733
752
912.9
718
2,079
1,027
1,433.0
_
_
_
216
271.7
_
344
330.4
303.5
289.5
304.5
308.7
320.9
491.8
469.4
477.7
483.9
493.8
956.9
880.8
901.5
911.7
967.1
944.1
897.3
945.6
966.1
993.0
1,035.9
976.4
1,037.8
1,059.2
1,120.4
975.1
956.0
1,023.3
1,006.4
1,008.9
1,146.6
1.040.0
1.108.0
1,154.9
1,156.8
271.8
261.3
268.8
268.4
267.5
314.3
303.5
313.2
310.4
317.9
570.7
578.1
561.1
571.1
584.2
340.3
364.4
357.6
371.5
382.9
504.6
517.3
499.9
508.9
526.4
1,022.7
1,055.5
1,015.7
1,002.6
1,042.2
1,060.2
1,159.6
1,205.7
1,244.4
1,284.6
1,214.8
1,343.6
1,368.8
1,342.5
1,382.2
1,110.3
1,288.6
1,286.1
1,284.6
1,310.8
1,272.5
1,399.9
1,405.6
1,465.2
1,458.4
283.3
316.4
325.1
326.1
336.1
335.5
346.1
338.3
340.4
344.6
8,055
7,664
8,051
8,728
8,662
553.9
579.3
627.2
654.9
608.1
362.4
364.5
400.4
420.0
401.9
512.1
512.7
544.4
576.4
569.3
999.7
923.3
932.9
1,010.5
1,029.5
1,189.6
1,129.0
1,190.1
1,277.7
1,257.0
1,322.9
1,182.3
1,245.1
1,401.7
1,481.3
1,233.5
1,152.6
1,219.8
1,344.3
1,321.3
1,235.5
1,208.6
1,238.6
1,338.0
1,269.5
317.1
294.2
312.9
347.6
370.3
328.7
317.6
339.9
356.4
353.8
7,557
7,914
8,307
8,786
9,053
516.9
576.3
616.3
644.6
646.3
337.3
364.0
381.8
403.7
398.0
499.2
513.5
532.9
554.8
560.5
886.6
904.4
922.1
952.5
978.3
1,090.4
1,139.0
1,198.2
1,270.7
1,305.9
1,339.3
1,339.9
1,422.0
1,523.9
1,616.2
1,091.2
1,159.9
1,233.2
1,312.1
1,378.6
1,153.7
1,235.3
1,290.4
1,376.5
1,404.2
332.2
352.7
375.5
400.6
421.1
310.6
328.7
334.2
346.3
344.3
_
Nondurable goods
Food and
kindred
products
Total
1929...............
1930...............
—
—
1935...............
1940...............
1945...............
1950...............
Tobacco
manufac
tures
Textile mill
products
Apparel
and other
textile
products
Paper and
allied
products
Printing
and
publishing
Rubber
and
miscella
neous
plastics
products
Chemicals
and allied
products
Petroleum
and coal
products
_
—
_
—
—
—
Leather
and
leather
products
835
811
—
—
1,145
991
643
594
235
224
_
—
902
1,003
1,380
1,331
_
—
—
95
1,089
1,090
1,074
1,169
680
819
973
1,080
231
279
345
416
_
_
_
_
4,463
5,468
5,817
321
381
494
274
518
461
105
148
165
142
235
252
327
337
325
355
1955...............
1960...............
1961...............
1962................
1963...............
1964...............
5,740
5,558
5,465
5,553
5,527
5,569
1,291.7
1,211.8
1,191.1
1,178.4
1,167.1
1,157.3
94.4
83.3
79.6
78.7
76.6
78.4
961.6
835.1
805.0
812.1
793.4
798.2
1,086.4
1,098.2
1,079.6
1,122.9
1,138.0
1,158.3
453.5
479.7
478.0
486.0
486.4
488.8
539.0
588.9
591.7
594.5
590.3
602.1
518.1
509.9
505.0
519.3
525.3
529.4
163.2
137.9
129.9
125.5
119.9
114.2
288.3
292.8
288.3
316.5
322.7
336.3
344.0
320.9
316.4
318.9
307.8
305.5
1965...............
1966................
1967................
1968................
1969................
5,719
5,926
5,944
6,056
6,116
1,159.1
1,180.0
1,187.3
1,191.6
1,201.8
74.8
71.8
73.9
71.9
69.6
826.7
858.8
850.2
880.7
884.0
1,205.6
1,245.7
1,237.2
1,240.1
1,237.9
497.7
518.2
526.3
536.2
550.6
620.6
646.4
661.6
667.0
681.7
546.1
574.3
592.3
609.9
621.9
112.9
114.7
114.7
118.0
112.2
365.9
397.8
397.0
434.5
461.7
310.0
318.5
303.7
306.3
294.4
1970................
1971................
1972................
1973................
1974................
5,989
5,880
5,993
6,107
5,976
1,206.9
1,203.2
1,191.8
1,166.8
1,163.6
69.0
63.4
62.2
64.8
63.8
855.0
837.2
866.6
886.2
842.6
1,196.4
1,177.5
1,208.0
1,249.7
1,174.9
543.2
521.8
531.6
543.1
544.3
679.0
658.0
664.2
669.6
660.4
604.0
587.8
592.8
610.5
623.0
118.2
124.1
125.1
123.9
126.1
444.0
450.0
494.6
547.1
544.7
273.4
257.1
256.4
245.0
232.3
1975...............
1976...............
1977...............
1978...............
1979...............
5,485
5,724
5,828
5,928
5,957
1,120.3
1,145.1
1,161.0
1,171.3
1,176.2
62.4
63.6
57.0
55.4
52.5
752.4
800.4
792.3
784.0
777.0
1,066.6
1,134.3
1,129.4
1,145.0
1,122.2
479.7
508.3
518.2
526.5
541.5
624.0
624.7
646.5
672.3
702.2
579.6
600.1
616.0
628.5
636.9
123.0
127.8
131.3
136.1
139.7
464.7
492.9
558.1
589.2
601.1
212.6
227.0
218.4
219.4
207.4
_
N o t e : Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. Dash indicates
http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/available.
data are not
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
335
310
Table 76. Nonproduotion worker employment and ratios of nonproduction worker employment to
total employment by major manufacturing industry group, 1939-79
Durable goods
Category and year
Manufac
turing 1
Total
Lum
ber
and
wood
prod
ucts
Furni
ture
and
fixtures
Instru
ments
and
related
prod
ucts
M iscel
laneous
manu
facturing
indus
tries
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Primary
metal
prod
ucts
Fabri
cated
metal
prod
ucts
Ma
chinery,
except
electri
cal
Electric
and
elec
tronic
equip
ment
Trans
portation
equip
ment
59
58
60
54
48
50
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
138
151
179
213
247
249
115
121
140
155
179
215
99
115
164
302
548
637
54
62
66
70
71
_
_
—
157
162
159
—
172
180
176
265
283
288
298
282
234
219
218
223
217
465
248
237
243
235
62
65
66
—
54
57
58
Stone,
clay,
and
glass
prod
ucts
N O N PR O D UCTIO N W O R K E R S
(in thousands)
1 9 3 9 .............................................
1 9 4 0 .............................................
194 1 .................................. ...........
194 2 ..............................................
194 3 .............................................
19 4 4 .............................................
1,960
2,045
2,176
2,284
2,455
2,588
820
886
1,021
1,234
1,536
1,659
1 9 4 5 .............................................
1 9 4 6 ..................... ........................
194 7 ..............................................
1948 .............................................
194 9 ..............................................
2,515
2,429
2,555 2,672
2,651
1,533
1,330
1,357
1,401
1,367
66
65
65
—
38
39
40
1 9 5 0 ..............................................
1 9 5 1 .............................................
1 9 5 2 .............................................
1953..............................................
1 9 5 4 ..............................................
2,718
3,025
3,273
3,494
3,497
1,389
1,609
1,799
1,956
1,935
67
73.2
75.3
75.9
72.6
44
47.5
48.8
51.3
51.4
74
79.9
84.2
87.7
88.3
163
180.8
188.7
201.2
192.5
181
210.0
229.5
248.9
242.4
281
326.9
353.5
371.5
371.5
215
241.6
272.9
301.7
303.6
239
308.2
391.7
451.3
443.2
67
81.1
92.9
102.8
106.5
56
59.9
61.2
64.2
64.1
1 9 5 5 ..............................................
1 9 5 6 ..............................................
1 9 5 7 .......................... ...................
1 9 5 8 .............................................
19 5 9 ..............................................
3,594
3,807
3,985
3,948
4,072
1,993
2,164
2,305
2,250
2,340
72.7
74.8
73.2
71.3
72.8
53.9
57.1
58.3
59.0
60.8
92.8
98.3
102.6
104.5
107.8
197.5
213.8
227.0
215.7
219.0
246.7
262.5
277.9
277.3
279.0
379.3
413.1
442.8
416.9
424.9
313.9
344.5
382.3
390.6
425.6
460.8
510.3
538.9
511.0
536.3
110.1
120.2
130.1
130.8
138.9
65.8
69.9
71.9
73.5
74.8
19 6 0 .............................................
1 9 6 1 .............................................
19 6 2 ..............................................
1 9 6 3 ..............................................
1 9 6 4 .............................................
4,210
4,243
4,365
4,440
4,493
2,431
2,452
2,545
2,589
2,603
72.0
70.6
69.3
73.3
80.5
61.4
60.5
62.3
62.6
65.6
112.2
112.6
114.6
116.9
120.0
227.9
219.3
219.4
215.6
220.7
286.3
284.0
292.3
297.8
302.3
443.1
442.2
455.4
470.1
489.2
467.2
487.4
507.9
508.6
494.8
539.1
550.9
592.5
612.0
594.5
146.9
149.6
154.9
155.0
156.8
75.6
74.7
76.4
76.4
79.7
196 5 ..............................................
1 9 6 6 ..............................................
1 9 6 7 ..............................................
1 9 6 8 ..............................................
1 9 6 9 .............................................
4,628
4,918
5,139
5,267
5,400
2,690
2,913
3,075
3,169
3,244
83.3
87.4
88.0
85.2
93.5
69.9
75.2
76.5
78.0
78.4
123.7
126.9
128.4
126.6
130.0
230.1
241.0
251.3
258.4
262.8
312.1
329.6
350.9
365.2
381.0
520.5
566.4
600.8
623.4
650.4
504.9
567.6
621.1
639.9
655.2
600.1
652.4
674.4
690.1
683.9
161.9
178.8
193.7
203.5
211.2
84.0
87.6
90.1
93.0
96.4
1 9 7 0 ............... .............. :..... .........
1 9 7 1 ..............................................
1 9 7 2 .............................................
19 7 3 ..............................................
1 9 7 4 ..............................................
5,323
5,079
5,106
5,320
5,439
3,153
2,972
2,998
3,163
3,263
91.6
89.6
98.4
104.3
104.2
77.5
79.1
82.9
86.8
87.4
131.7
132.0
133.7
139.3
138.4
260.7
247.7
240.4
248.6
259.3
370.4
351.1
356.6
373.4
381.5
660.7
632.9
643.9
687.3
726.8
637.0
591.7
593.6
625.2
646.6
617.8
552.7
551.7
591.3
598.8
209.7
200.7
203.1
209.7
221.9
97.0
94.1
93.4
98.0
98.2
1 9 7 5 ..............................................
1 9 7 6 ..............................................
197 7 ..............................................
197 8 ..............................................
197 9 ..............................................
5,280
5,359
5,547
5,762
5,962
. 3,131
3,163
3,290
3,460
3,637
97.8
103.3
105.6
107.8
112.1
79.6
80.3
82.5
87.4
89.3
129.8
130.9
135.8
143.2
150.3
252.4
250.5
259.5
260.2
265.6
367.9
371.9
384.6
402.7
421.3
717.5
725.3
752.7
795.3
846.3
610.4
614.4
644.8
687.4
730.1
561.3
563.4
581.1
615.2
644.1
217.9
222.6
239.6
252.9
269.3
96.2
100.4
104.2
107.7
108.1
See footnotes at end of table.
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
—
—
—
—
_
Table 76. Nonproduction worker employment and ratios of nonproduction worker employment to
total employment by major manufacturing industry group, 1939-79— Continued
Durable goods
Category and year
Manufac
turing 2
Total
Lum
ber
and
wood
prod
ucts
Furni
ture
and
fixtures
Stone,
clay,
and
glass
prod
ucts
Primary
metal
prod
ucts
Ma
chinery,
except
electri
cal
Electric
and
elec
tronic
equip
ment
Trans
portation
equip
ment
Instru
ments
and
related
prod
ucts
M iscel
laneous
manu
facturing
indus
tries
26.4
24.8
21.6
19.9
17.9
20.0
15.4
13.8
12.7
13.4
15.0
17.3
_
_
_
_
_
23.5
21.5
18.7
16.8
16.5
17.0
24.2
24.1
21.6
23.1
25.8
Fabri
cated
metal
prod
ucts
NONPRODUCTION W O RK ERS
A S P E R C E N T O F T O T A L EMPLO YM EN T
1939.............................................
1940.............................................
1941.............................................
1942.............................................
1943.............................................
1944.............................................
19.1
18.6
16.5
14.9
13.9
14.9
17.4
16.5
14.7
14.0
13.9
15.3
1945.............................................
1946.............................................
1947.............................................
1948.............................................
1949.............................................
16.2
16.5
16.4
17.1
18.4
16.9
17.2
16.2
16.8
18.3
1950.............................................
1951..............................................
1952..............................................
1953..............................................
1954..............................................
17.8
18.5
19.7
19.9
21.4
1955..............................................
1956..............................................
1957..............................................
1958..............................................
1959..............................................
_
15.9
15.0
13.2
11.7
10.8
12.1
7.6
7.7
8.5
11.9
11.9
13.3
13.3
12.4
12.3
12.8
13.8
12.8
13.1
14.6
16.4
17.3
18.8
20.3
22.5
20.9
21.7
23.9
17.2
17.7
19.2
19.3
21.2
8.0
8.4
9.2
9.4
9.8
12.7
14.0
14.4
14.6
15.8
13.5
13.6
14.9
15.1
16.0
13.7
13.8
15.4
15.2
16.5
17.4
18.1
19.6
19.4
20.7
23.2
22.4
23.3
23.9
26.2
21.3
22.1
23.2
24.8
24.4
20.9
22.0
23.4
25.5
25.0
9.4
9.8
10.7
11.0
10.5
15.6
16.0
16.4
17.2
16.6
15.8
16.2
17.2
18.6
17.8
15.6
16.5
17.5
19.5
19.3
20.2
21.2
21.9
23.7
22.9
1960..............................................
1961..............................................
1962..............................................
1963..............................................
1964..............................................
25.1
26.0
25.9
26.1
26.0
25.7
27.0
26.8
26.9
26.5
10.9
11.5
11.1
11.6
12.4
16.8
17.3
17.0
16.9
17.0
18.6
19.3
19.3
19.5
19.6
19.2
19.9
19.6
19.1
18.6
1965..............................................
1966..............................................
1967..............................................
1968..............................................
1969..............................................
25.6
25.6
26.4
26.6
26.8
25.9
25.8
26.9
27.3
27.3
12.7
13.1
13.6
13.0
13.8
17.0
17.1
17.6
17.4
17.0
19.7
19.7
20.4
19.9
19.8
1970.............................................
1971..............................................
1972..............................................
1973.............................................
1974..............................................
27.5
27.3
26.7
26.4
27.1
28.1
27.9
27.1
26.6
27.4
14.2
13.4
13.6
. 13.7
14.6
17.6
17.8
17.2
17.1
17.9
1975..............................................
1976..............................................
1977..............................................
1978..............................................
1979............................................. <
28.8
28.2
28.2
28.1
28.4
29.3
28.6
28.4
28.3
28.7
15.9
15.2
14.6
14.3
14.8
19.1
18.1
17.8
17.8
18.3
—
—
—
—
_
_
_
—
_
—
—
_
_
_
18.3
19.9
18.6
19.1
19.4
20.5
22.0
24.5
12.8
13.5
15.1
22.2
22.1
23.2
22.7
25.7
18.9
20.1
22.3
22.1
24.6
23.7
23.9
24.7
24.9
27.8
14.0
14.8
15.5
15.3
16.4
26.2
26.3
27.9
30.6
29.3
25.6
26.4
28.8
31.7
30.9
24.3
27.0
27.7
30.9
31.0
28.8
30.2
32.2
34.4
34.1
16.6
17.3
18.6
19.7
19.3
23.3
24.0
23.6
23.6
23.3
30.0
31.2
30.5
30.7
30.4
32.4
33.8
33.2
33.6
32.9
32.0
34.6
34.8
34.6
33.9
35.1
36.4
36.6
36.6
37.0
19.4
19.8
19.6
19.8
20.0
18.4
18.6
19.8
20.5
20.1
22.7
22.1
22.5
22.7
22.9
30.0
29.7
30.5
31.7
32.0
31.3
30.6
32.6
33.3
33.3
32.0
31.8
32.4
32.0
31.9
36.4
36.1
37.3
38.4
38.6
20.0
20.2
21.0
21.5
21,9
20.7
21.2
20.5
19.7
20.1
23.7
23.7
23.1
22.6
23.3
33.3
34.9
34.1
32.9
32.9
34.1
33.9
32.7
31.7
32.9
33.3
31.4
30.8
30.6
32.1
39.8
40.6
39.4
37.6
37.5
22.8
22.9
21.6
21.6
21.7
20.6
20.3
20.3
20.5
21.1
156
_
20.5
20.5
19.7
19.5
19.6
See footnotes at end of table.
—
_
22.2
21.7
22.0
21.5
21.4
25.2
24.6
24.3
24.1
24.4
34.9
35.1
34.6
34.3
34.4
35.9
34.6
34.3
34.4
34.6
32.7
31.3
31.0
30.9
31.4
39.6
38.7
39.0
38.7
39.0
23.6
23.4
23.8
23.7
23.9
_
Table 76. Nonproduction worker employment and ratios of nonproduction worker employment to
total employment by major manufacturing industry group, 1939-79— Continued
Nondurable goods
Category and year
Total
Food
and
kindred
prod
ucts
Tobacco
manu
factures
Textile
mill
prod
ucts
Apparel
and
other
textile
prod
ucts
Paper
and
allied
prod
ucts
Printing
and
publish
ing
Chemi
cals
and
allied
prod
ucts
Petro
leum
and
coal
prod
ucts
Rubber
and
miscel
laneous
plastics
products
Leather
and
leather
prod
ucts
NONPRODUCTION W O RK ERS
(in thousands)
85
86
85
77
67
64
110
110
113
101
85
84
54
54
54
49
43
43
249
249
241
215
188
187
119
125
134
136
129
138
39
41
41
36
30
32
31
34
35
36
39
44
37
37
37
34
30
31
8
7
8
65
74
78
84
84
87
99
107
117
120
46
54
58
65
65
196
224
234
245
252
150
151
161
170
169
38
47
51
53
52
49
57
59
58
57
33
36
38
43
41
459
484.8
496.9
509.2
521.7
8
8.1
8.4
7.9
8.1
87
91.5
90.2
90.9
89.1
122
125.9
129.2
133.2
130.2
69
76.1
81.8
87.5
90.3
254
263.1
270.2
280.8
289.0
179
204.5
224.0
245.3
249.7
53
58.8
65.7
68.2
71.2
59
63.9
68.4
73.2
71.7
40
39.2
39.8
40.5
40.5
1,601
1,644
1,683
1,697
1,733
533.0
539.8
542.2
550.8
567.5
8.1
9.5
11.7
10.4
10.6
88.6
87.7
87.8
86.3
88.3
132.8
135.3
138.1
132.3
134.5
96.5
103.3
107.2
110.0
115.4
295.7
302.4
306.3
309.4
313.4
255.0
270.8
290.3
300.4
303.6
73.9
74.3
75.6
76.9
75.6
75.0
78.5
81.8
79.9
82.9
41.9
41.8
41.7
41.0
41.1
1960.....................................................
1961............................................. ........
1962.....................................................
1963.....................................................
1964...................................................
1,779
1,791
1,820
1,853
1,889
578.2
584.1
584.6
584.9
593.1
10.7
11.1
11.8
12.0
11.8
89.3
88.4
90.2
92.0
93.8
135.0
134.9
140.8
144.8
144.2
121.4
123.3
128.4
132.1
136.7
322.4
325.6
331.9
340.3
349.4
318.3
323.2
329.2
340.0
349.2
74.0
72.0
69.8
68.8
69.7
86.2
87.0
91.9
95.8
99.7
42.5
41.8
41.8*
41.4
42.1
1965.....................................................
1966.....................................................
1967......................................................
1968......................................................
1969......................................................
1,937
2,004
2,063
2,099
2,156
597.6
597.2
599.0
589.9
589.0
12.0
12.5
12.6
12.7
13.4
98.9
104.7
108.3
113.2
118.5
148.6
156.2
160.3
165.7
171.2
141.4
148.7
152.8
155.0
160.5
358.8
370.5
386.2
398.1
411.9
361.7
387.1
409.1
420.0
438.0
70.0
69.5
68.5
68.8
70.1
104.9
112.9
119.4
126.8
134.6
42.9
45.1
47.2
48.9
48.8
1970......................................................
1971.....................................................
1972......................................................
1973......................................................
1974.....................................................
2,169
2,107
2,109
2,155
2,176
579.3
562.4
553.4
548.0
543.1
13.9
13.7
12.7
12.7
13.3
119.8
117.5
119.1
123.6
122.4
167.4
165.1
174.7
188.4
187.7
162.3
160.1
157.3
161.5
161.8
425.3
422.5
429.8
441.1
450.9
445.3
422.9
416.4
427.1
437.5
73.0
70.1
70.3
69.0
70.9
136.1
130.5
135.5
145.1
150.0
46.1
42.0
39.6
39.0
38.8
1975......................................................
1976......................................................
1977......................................................
1978......................................................
1979......................................................
2,150
2,196
2,258
2,302
2,326
537.2
543.8
550.0
549.9
540.1
13.1
13.0
13.7
14.2
13.7
115.5
118.4
117.9
116.2
114.9
176.7
183.8
186.9
187.5
190.9
162.3
167.2
173.4
174.4
172.6
459.4
474.5
494.9
520.8
540.7
435.1
442.4
457.7
467.8
475.8
71.4
70.7
71.0
72.6
74.1
143.4
146.6
155.4
162.7
166.4
35.6
35.7
36.4
36.2
36.4
1939.....................................................
1940...... .......................................... .
1941................................................... .
1942.......................... ..........................
1943.....................................................
1944............................................ .........
1,141
1,159
1,155
1,051
919
929
404
411
403
357
302
298
_
_
_
_
_
1945.....................................................
1946.....................................................
1947..........................................1
..........
1948.....................................................
1949.....................................................
982
1,100
1,197
1,270
1,284
311
352
403
428
437
_
1950.....................................................
1951.....................................................
1952......... ;..........................................
1953.....................................................
1954.....................................................
1,330
1,416
1,474
1,537
1,562
1955.....................................................
1956.....................................................
1957.....................................................
1958.....................................................
1959.....................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
157
Table 76. Nonproduction worker employment and ratios of nonproduction worker employment to
total employment by major manufacturing industry group, 1939-79— Continued
Nondurable goods
Food
and
kindred
prod
ucts
Category and year
Total
Tobacco
manu
factures
Textile
mill
prod
ucts
Apparel
and
other
textile
prod
ucts
Paper
and
allied
prod
ucts
Printing
and
publish
ing
Chemi
cals
and
allied
prod
ucts
Petro
leum
and
coal
prod
ucts
Rubber
and
miscel
laneous
plastics
products
Leather
and
leather
prod
ucts
NONPRODUCTION W O RK ERS A S
PE R C E N T O F T O T A L
EM PLO YM EN T
1939.....................................................
1940.....................................................
1941.....................................................
1942.....................................................
1943.....................................................
1944.....................................................
20.5
20.6
18.6
16.3
14.1
14.4
29.0
29.1
26.6
22.1
18.3
17.7
1945.....................................................
1946.....................................................
1947.....................................................
1948.............................................. .......
1949.....................................................
15.2
15.8
16.7
17.5
18.5
18.4
19.9
22.4
23.8
24.6
1950.....................................................
1951.....................................................
1952.................... .................................
1953.....................................................
1954.....................................................
18.6
19.4
20.2
20.7
21.7
1955.....................................................
1956.....................................................
1957.....................................................
1958.....................................................
1959.....................................................
7.1
7.3
6.4
5.7
5.2
5.3
11.9
11.8
10.8
9.3
7.7
7.8
16.9
16.2
14.5
13.0
11.1
11.1
43.8
43.7
41.6
38.1
33.8
33.5
32.1
31.3
27.7
23.8
21.2
21.2
28.1
28.1
26.5
22.5
18.8
18.4
19.0
19.3
16.4
16.4
14.6
15.4
9.6
9.9
8.9
8.2
7.9
8.6
6.8
6.1
7.3
5.7
5.9
6.0
6.3
7.1
8.2
8.6
9.3
9.8
10.2
11.8
12.1
12.5
13.7
14.3
34.0
33.5
32.5
33.2
34.1
22.5
23.9
24.8
26.0
27.3
20.4
22.6
23.1
23.2
23.5
17.3
18.0
18.3
18.6
20.1
9.2
8.8
9.2
10.4
10.5
25.6
26.6
27.2
27.7
28.7
7.8
7.8
8.0
7.6
7.8
6.9
7.4
7.8
7.9
8.5
10.1
10.4
10.6
10.7
11.0
14.2
14.9
16.2
16.5
17.0
34.0
3 h .3
34.6
35.0
35.5
28.0
28.9
30.7
31.9
33.2
24.3
25.4
28.0
28.3
29.9
19.0
19.1
20.2
20.3
21.8
10.1
10.3
10.4
10.4
10.9
21.8
22.2
23.0
23.8
23.7
29.2
29.3
30.0
31.1
31.7
7.9
9.5
12.1
11.0
11.2
8.4
8.5
8.9
9.4
9.3
10.9
11.1
11.4
11.3
11.0
17.5
18.2
18.8
19.5
19.7
35.4
35.1
35.2
35.5
35.3
33.0
34.0
35.8
37.8
37.5
31.2
31.5
32.6
34.4
35.1
20.6
21.3
22.0
23.2
22.2
10.9
10.9
11.2
11.4
11.0
1960......................................................
1961......................................................
1962......................................................
1963................................................. :....
1964......................................................
24.2
24.7
24.7
25.1
25.3
32.3
32.9
33.2
33.4
33.9
11.4
12.2
13.0
13.5
13.1
9.7
9.9
10.0
10.4
10.5
10.9
11.1
11.1
11.3
11.1
20.2
20.5
20.9
21.4
21.9
35.4
35.5
35.8
36.6
36.7
38.4
39.0
38.8
39.3
39.7
34.9
35.7
35.7
36.5
37.9
22.7
23.2
22.5
22.9
22.9
11.7
11.7
11.6
11.9
12.1
1965......................................................
1966......................................................
1967......................................................
1968......................................................
1969......................................................
25.3
25.3
25.8
25.7
26.1
34.0
33.6
33.5
33.1
32.9
13.8
14.8
14.6
15.0
16.1
10.7
10.9
11.3
11.4
11.8
11.0
11.1
11.5
11.8
12.1
22.1
22.3
22.5
22.4
22.6
36.6
36.4
36.9
37.4
37.7
39.8
40.3
40.9
40.8
41.3
38.3
37.7
37.4
36.8
38.5
22.3
22.1
23.1
22.6
22.6
12.2
12.4
13.5
13.8
14.2
1970......................................................
1971......................................................
1972.,....................................................
1973......................................................
1974......................................................
26.6
26.4
26.0
26.1
26.7
32.4
31.9
31.7
32.0
31.8
16.8
17.8
17.0
16.4
17.3
12.3
12.3
12.1
12.2
12.7
12.3
12.3
12.6
13.1
13.8
23.0
23.5
22.8
22.9
22.9
38.5
39.1
39.3
39.7
40.6
42.4
41.8
41.3
41.2
41.3
38.2
36.1
36.0
35.8
36.0
23.5
22.5
21.5
21.0
21.6
14.4
14.0
13.4
13.7
14.3
1975......................................................
1976................................................... .
1977......................................................
1978............... ......................................
1979......................................................
28.2
27.7
27.9
28.0
28.1
32.4
32.2
32.1
31.9
31.5
17.4
17.0
19.4
20.4
20.7
13.3
12.9
13.0
12.9
12.9
14.2
13.9
14.2
14.1
14.5
25.3
24.8
25.1
24.9
24.2
42.4
43.2
43.4
43.7
43.5
42.9
42.4
42.6
42.7
42.8
36.7
35.6
35.1
34.8
34.7
23.6
22.9
21.8
21.6
21.7
14.3
13.6
14.3
14.2
14.9
1 Prior data are as follows: 1919— 2,042;
1922— 1,793; 1923— 1,912; 1924— 1,882
1927— 1,964; 1928— 1,896; 1929— 2,135
1932— 1,580; 1933— 1,473; 1934— 1,592
1937— 2,003; 1938— 1,962.
1920— 2,006;
1925— 1,878
1930— 2,098
1935— 1,695
—
—
—
_
—
1921— 1,635;
1926— 1,942;
1931— 1,869;
1936— 1,813;
2 Prior data are as follows: 1919— 19.2; 1920— 18.8; 1921— 19.8; 1922—
19.7; 1923— 18.6; 1924— 19.5; 1925— 18.9; 1926— 19.1; 1927— 19.6;
1928— 19.1; 1929— 19.9; 1930— 21.9; 1931— 22.9; 1932— 22.8; 1933— 19.9;
1934— 18.7; 1935— 18.7; 1936— 18.4; 1937— 18.6; 1938— 20.8.
Note : Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. Dash indicates
data are not available.
158
Table 77. Women employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, 1959-79
[In thousands]
Manufacturing
Year
Total
Mining
Con
struction
Total
Durable
goods
Nondur
able
goods
Transportation
and
public
utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
W hole
sale
Retail
Government
Total
Federal
State
and
local
_
_
_
_
_
713
699
708
716
736
3,583
3,568
3,647
3,712
3,882
1,337
1,363
1,392
1,423
1,464
—
—
—
4,415
—
—
—
—
3,718
—
—
—
—
723
4,295
4,267
4,355
4,428
4,618
—
—
530
—
—
—
—
3,188
2,879
3,032
3,076
3,152
3,221
748
786
835
860
911
4,881
5,124
5,297
5,526
5,841
763
804
827
852
898
4,118
4,320
4,470
4,674
4,942
1,496
1,549
1,624
1,709
1,819
4,611
4,931
5,267
5,632
5,994
3,970
4,375
4,703
4,979
5,153
542
610
674
710
723
3,427
3,766
4,030
4,269
4,430
2,284
2,128
2,285
2,573
2,624
3,165
3,101
3,185
3,292
3,225
957
955
953
987
1,018
6,007
6,128
6,350
6,682
6,978
918
911
933
989
1,043
5,089
5,217
5,417
5,692
5,935
1,907
1,979
2,032
2,138
2,245
6,224
6,438
6,718
7,023
7,454
5,365
5,502
5,759
6,010
6,270
723
715
747
780
798
4,643
4,787
5,011
5,230
5,472
2,276
2,449
2,651
2,894
3,083
2,981
3,158
3,229
3,337
3,381
996
1,010
1,051
1,132
1,231
7,051
7,400
7,764
8,259
8,666
1,046
1,092
1,145
1,232
1,311
6,005
6,308
6,619
7,027
7,355
2,287
2,371
2,511
2,711
2,886
7,822
8,256
8,771
9,356
9,910
6,454
6,586
6,894
7,153
7,331
805
808
856
869
873
5,649
5,778
6,038
6,283
6,458
1959......
1960......
1961.......
1962......
1963......
1964.......
—
—
_
_
19,662
36
35
35
35
34
—
—
—
—
152
4,358
4,371
4,292
4,474
4,482
4,537
1,671
1,681
1,642
1,749
1,746
1,756
2,688
2,691
2,651
2,725
2,736
2,782
1965.......
1966......
1967.......
1968......
1969......
20,660
22,168
23,272
24,395
25,595
34
34
35
36
37
152
156
158
164
174
4,768
5,213
5,353
5,490
5,667
1,889
2,182
2,277
2,338
2,446
1970......
1971......
1972......
1973......
1974.......
26,132
26,466
27,541
28,988
30,124
37
37
40
43
49
186
199
219
241
262
5,448
5,229
5,470
5,865
5,849
1975......
1976.......
1977.......
1978......
1979......
30,178
31,570
33,239
35,253
36,952
55
60
65
76
91
256
281
304
335
372
5,257
5,607
5,880
6,231
6,464
_
—
No te : Dash indicates data are not available.
Total
Finance,
insur
Services
ance,
and real
estate
159
—
—
Table 78. Women employees on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group, 1959-79
[In thousands]
Durable goods
Year
Total
Lumber
and wood
products
Furniture
and
fixtures
Stone,
clay, and
glass
products
Primary
metal
products
Fabricat
ed metal
products
Machin
ery,
except
electrical
Electric
and
electronic
equip
ment
Transpor
tation
equip
ment
Instru
ments
and
related
products
M iscella
neous
manufac
turing
industries
1959...........................
1960...........................
1961...........................
1962...........................
1963...........................
1964...........................
1,671
1,681
1,642
1,749
1,746
1,756
48.3
46.8
45.4
46.7
46.2
47.5
63.8
62.3
60.7
64.1
65.0
68.6
92.0
91.9
88.3
91.2
91.5
93.4
71.5
71.6
67.4
69.4
68.6
69.1
202.5
198.4
190.1
202.3
207.2
211.7
192.4
195.3
189.2
198.6
199.9
204.5
499.3
518.5
519.4
569.7
560.8
558.8
207.4
199.2
190.7
200.7
200.8
189.9
138.8
141.5
138.7
146.8
146.4
146.1
154.7
155.4
152.0
159.1
159.3
166.2
1965...........................
1966...........................
1967...........................
1968...........................
1969...........................
1,889
2,182
2,277
2,338
2,446
50.1
57.6
62.3
67.3
72.7
74.3
88.6
93.9
102.4
111.9
95.3
100.8
99.6
100.8
107.4
73.8
81.3
84.7
86.3
92.0
223.8
253.1
279.8
305.9
327.1
222.1
257.0
279.1
286.3
304.3
620.6
748.2
755.7
754.7
786.0
192.9
225.2
246.3
248.5
242.5
155.6
179.2
187.8
192.6
204.2
180.6
190.5
187.8
192.9
197.6
1970...........................
1971...........................
1972...........................
1973...........................
1974...........................
2,284
2,128
2,285
2,573
2,624
69.1
69.9
79.6
91.4
88.8
106.9
109.2
121.7
134.6
135.1
107.1
104.6
112.5
122.0
122.9
90.8
88.0
90.3
101.1
105.2
293.7
269.7
286.3
312.9
310.4
297.4
269.3
286.3
335.2
371.6
728.0
667.6
720.0
816.6
811.1
208.8
187.8
195.9
227.4
228.7
194.9
181.8
198.7
226.1
243.2
187.7
180.3
193.9
205.2
206.5
1975...........................
1976...........................
1977...........................
1978...........................
1979...........................
2,276
2,449
2,651
2,894
3,083
75.4
86.0
96.8
107.3
113.4
114.0
122.7
130.7
142.7
144.4
109.5
116.9
123.7
129.4
133.7
93.4
101.4
110.1
120.9
133.5
268.3
291.0
315.9
343.0
361.3
339.3
349.8
383.9
429.6
473.6
659.2
714.1
773.3
835.8
894.4
213.2
232.9
258.8
294.4
319.4
219.1
235.6
254.1
276.0
294.3
185.0
198.5
203.3
214.7
214.6
Chemi
cals and
allied
products
Petro
leum and
coal
products
Rubber
and
miscella
neous
plastics
products
Leather
and
leather
products
Nondurable goods
Total
Food and
kindred
products
Tobacco
manufac
tures
Textile
mill
products
Apparel
and other
textile
products
Paper
and allied
products
Printing
and
publishing
1959...........................
1960...........................
1961...........................
1962...........................
1963...........................
1964...........................
2,688
2,691
2,651
2,725
2,736
2,782
426.2
426.8
423.1
419.9
421.2
421.3
48.7
47.1
43.9
42.8
41.2
43.8
414.5
401.5
388.6
394.0
383.6
388.3
951.1
962.2
944.8
990.9
1,010.0
1,031.0
128.1
130.4
129.1
130.8
130.0
130.5
250.2
256.8
258.6
264.4
267.4
276.2
150.6
152.9
152.7
157.5
161.5
164.8
17.5
17.2
16.6
16.3
15.9
16.1
106.4
107.0
106.9
120.0
122.0
126.4
194.5
188.6
186.2
189.0
183.4
183.2
1965...........................
1966...........................
1967...........................
1968...........................
1969...........................
2,879
3,032
3,076
3,152
3,221
423.5
443.2
451.3
452.9
462.4
41.3
38.8
39.2
38.3
38.2
406.9
427.5
428.7
452.2
460.5
1,074.5
1,118.0
1,116.1
1,123.5
1,134.0
132.9
141.0
145.3
148.6
152.0
285.2
305.0
323.0
332.8
349.5
172.0
185.6
197.9
209.2
219.8
16.1
16.5
16.4
16.9
16.9
138.6
156.1
162.0
177.2
191.5
188.0
200.2
196.0
200.6
196.2
1970...........................
1971...........................
1972...........................
1973...........................
1974...........................
3,165
3,101
3,185
3,292
3,225
464.0
460.7
464.7
463.4
464.5
37.7
33.4
30.6
31.7
30.9
448.0
438.3
452.8
468.5
448.3
1,102.6
1,087.8
1,118.4
1,158.9
1,103.0
149.6
141.1
140.8
146.4
146.8
359.8
357.0
369.8
383.3
392.7
216.1
207.4
210.5
221.3
228.0
17.8
17.8
18.2
18.2
18.7
184.5
182.6
202.7
227.8
226.9
184.5
174.9
176.6
172.8
165.1
1975...........................
1976...........................
1977...........................
1978...........................
1979...........................
2,981
3,158
3,229
3,337
3,381
448.1
466.0
478.5
494.9
504.2
29.5
28.7
25.9
25.7
24.2
397.3
423.7
424.6
424.4
423.0
1,005.5
1,067.9
1,065.0
1,081.4
1,064.2
132.3
143.9
151.1
158.7
163.8
388.7
402.5
424.6
454.5
485.6
218.0
229.3
245.2
258.3
271.5
19.6
20.7
23.4
24.7
26.7
191.6
216.0
237.4
260.0
270.3
149.9
158.9
153.1
154.9
147.9
Table 79. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by region and State, selected years, 1939-79
[In thousands]
Region and State
1939
1950
1945
1955
1960
1961
1962
1963
Region I.................................................................
M a in e .............................................................
New H am pshire..............................................
Verm ont..........................................................
M assachusetts...............................................
Rhode Island..................................................
Connecticut....................................................
2,607.3
212.4
146.1
74.8
1,371.5
243.8
558.7
3,111.1
258.3
147.3
90.6
1,647.1
279.1
688.7
3,344.8
253.9
168.3
96.9
1,761.0
298.6
766.1
3,548.9
275.1
183.5
102.1
1,814.8
295.0
874.8
3,697.9
277.5
200.7
107.9
1,904.7
291.7
915.4
3,715.4
277.1
201.9
107.3
1,914.9
291.6
922.6
3,792.4
279.5
207.9
110.5
1,946.4
298.3
949.8
3,814.2
279.6
208.8
111.5
1,946.9
298.1
969.3
Region II................................................................
New Y ork........................................................
New Je rs e y ....................................................
5,377.9
4,130.9
1,247.0
6,634.2
5,061.3
1,572.9
7,233.1
5,576.0
1,657.1
7,782.4
5,917.1
1,865.3
8,199.0
6,181.9
2,017.1
8,191.3
6,157.7
2,033.6
8,357.1
6,261.3
2,095.8
8,403.1
6,273.7
2,129.4
Region III...............................................................
Pennsylvania..................................................
Delaware.........................................................
Maryland.........................................................
District of Colum bia........................................
Virginia...........................................................
West Virginia..................................................
4,514.4
2,701.5
75.9
490.1
333.5
539.9
373.5
5,760.0
3,335.3
97.8
650.5
487.2
728.3
460.9
6,307.6
3,644.4
121.0
715.2
497.3
805.4
524.3
6,622.8
3,749.6
143.7
834.3
502.7
912.0
480.5
6,743.2
3,715.4
153.9
894.7
1501.6
1,017.6
460.0
6,689.0
3,634.1
151.9
908.7
511.4
1,034.8
448.1
6,857.0
3,694.9
156.4
949.2
527.2
1,081.8
447.5
6,953.2
3,694.8
163.6
978.6
542.5
1,123.8
449.9
Region IV ..............................................................
North Carolina................................................
South Carolin a...............................................
G eo rgia...........................................................
Florida............................................................
Kentucky.........................................................
T ennessee......................................................
Alabam a..........................................................
M ississip p i......................................................
3,316.1
622.7
310.1
526.7
390.5
382.5
475.3
405.3
203.0
4,438.4
759.2
396.0
725.4
562.2
466.4
682.0
579.1
268.1
5,138.5
927.8
461.4
806.6
704.4
547.8
759.3
619.6
311.6
6,062.5
1,059.4
533.0
959.5
965.9
620.2
867.6
702.9
354.0
6,909.1
1,195.5
582.5
1,051.1
1,320.6
653.6
925.4
776.4
404.0
6,946.0
1,209.1
587.0
1,050.7
1,333.9
648.0
934.0
774.6
408.7
7,294.6
1,258.5
609.8
1,092.7
1,387.8
758.9
969.4
791.8
425.7
7,477.9
1,298.6
630.6
1,139.7
1,447.4
702.9
1,002.5
812.5
443.7
Region V ...............................................................
Ohio................................................................
Indiana...........................................................
Illinois.............................................................
M ichigan.........................................................
W isco nsin.......................................................
M innesota.......................................................
—
1,783.8
817.4
2,294.9
2,417.9
1,100.6
2,854.4
666.8
543.4
896.6
678.2
2,760.0
1,272.4
3 3,175.2
—
1,022.1
3 802.3
—
3,128.9
1,377.4
3,426.8
—
1,108.1
881.1
—
3,147.3
*1,431.4
3,537.9
—
1,191.9
958.8
—
3,044.3
1,408.4
3,502.5
—
1,179.9
956.6
—
3,099.2
1,461.3
3,572.5
—
1,207.2
984.5
—
3,145.2
1,498.7
3,614.4
—
1,233.5
1,001.7
Region V I ..............................................................
Arkansas.........................................................
Lou isian a........................................................
O klahom a.......................................................
T e x a s .............................................................
New M e x ic o ...................................................
2,089.5
198.0
410.1
326.2
1,075.7
79.5
2,922.8
273.1
540.6
424.0
1,579.2
105.9
3,484.4
298.3
636.2
476.9
1,921.4
151.6
4,071.5
321.0
725.5
550.9
2,291.2
182.9
4,503.5
367.6
783.0
577.1
2,539.5
236.3
4,519.8
378.0
774.0
582.1
2,549.5
236.2
4,660.3
399.7
790.1
596.7
2,631.2
242.6
4,788.6
416.3
810.5
606.7
2,706.5
248.6
Region V II.............................................................
Iowa................................................................
Missouri...........................................................
N eb raska........................................................
K a n sas............................................................
1,787.7
429.6
838.6
223.6
295.9
2,276.2
508.2
1,058.7
287.4
421.9
2,585.3
608.6
1,190.1
322.3
464.3
2,827.9
632.6
1,292.1
358.2
545.0
2,974.8
680.1
1,350.1
384.4
560.2
2,963.9
678.5
1,332.5
390.5
562.4
3,012.3
685.2
1,357.2
396.4
573.5
3,059.4
699.8
1,383.5
401.9
574.2
Region VIII............................................................
North Dakota..................................................
South D akota.................................................
Montana..........................................................
W yoming.........................................................
C olorado.........................................................
Utah................................................................
663.7
72.1
85.9
108.1
54.3
233.4
109.9
820.9
81.1
94.9
115.3
64.9
295.9
168.8
1,007.0
109.2
120.0
147.2
80.2
361.3
189.1
1,152.3
116.3
129.7
160.2
85.4
436.8
223.9
1,315.0
126.8
142.7
165.0
96.5
520.9
263.1
1,351.4
127.0
148.0
165.2
96.3
542.8
272.1
1,394.0
131.3
153.9
169.7
95.5
557.5
286.1
1,423.5
136.7
152.6
172.6
96.2
571.7
293.7
Region IX.............................................................
Arizona............................................................
Nevada............................................................
California.........................................................
H aw aii............................................................
1,942.3
95.5
34.8
1,812.0
—
3,146.1
136.5
48.3
2,961.3
—
3,424.8
161.6
53.8
3,209.4
—
4,393.4
226.0
84.5
4,082.9
—
4 5,522.0
333.8
103.4
4,896.0
188.8
5,646.6
347.1
109.6
4,996.1
193.8
5,904.6
364.8
126.9
5,217.7
195.2
6,131.9
377.2
142.8
5,412.3
199.6
Region X..............................................................
Idaho..............................................................
W ashington....................................................
Oregon............................................................
A la s k a ............................................................
774.0
84.4
431.0
258.6
—
1,194.1
102.8
706.5
384.8
—
1,253.3
131.6
683.8
437.9
—
1,382.5
138.5
768.0
476.0
—
61,534.2
155.2
812.7
509.7
56.6
1,544.6
159.1
818.5
509.9
57.1
1,609.3
164.6
856.8
529.0
58.9
1,626.9
164.7
850.6
549.5
62.1
See footnotes at end of table.
—
—
—
—
Table 79. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by region and State, selected years, 1939-79Continued
[In thousands]
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
Region I.................................................................
M a in e .............................................................
New Ham pshire.............................................
Verm ont.........................................................
M assachusetts...............................................
Rhode Island..................................................
Connecticut....................................................
3,868.5
285.1
212.8
113.7
1,961.8
303.9
991.2
4,004.3
295.4
220.8
121.3
2,017.2
316.7
1,032.9
4,202.7
309.2
235.2
130.8
2,102.1
330.0
1,095.4
4,327.8
316.9
244.0
136.3
2,162.2
338.3
1,t30.1
4,424.5
323.2
251.8
140.3
2,208.2
343.0
1,158.0
4,543.9
330.0
259.2
145.5
2,268.7
346.4
1,194.1
4,543.3
332.2
259.9
147.9
2,261.7
344.1
1,197.5
1,987.5
332.3
261.0
148.1
2,224.2
342.8
1,164.3
Region II........................ .......................................
New York........................................................
New Je rs e y ....................................................
8,539.4
6,370.7
2,168.7
8,777.7
6,518.7
2,259.0
9,068.6
6,709.5
2,359.1
9,279.8
6,858.3
2,421.5
9,486.9
7,001.7
2,485.2
9,751.6
7,182.0
2,569.6
9,762.6
7,156.4
2,606.2
9,619.0
7,011.4
2,607.6
Region III...............................................................
Pennsylvania..................................................
Delaware........................................................
Maryland.........................................................
District of Colum bia........................................
Virginia...........................................................
West Virginia..................................................
7,133.0
3,777.1
170.8
1,009.7
551.5
1,163.0
460.9
7,427.2
3,917.5
184.1
1,057.6
572.5
1,218.9
476.6
7,769.7
4,077.1
193.2
1,132.0
587.0
1,285.3
495.1
7,975.8
4,171.3
197.4
1,178.6
594.7
1,330.2
503.6
8,166.6
4,263.5
202.9
1,223.9
582.8
1,385.1
508.4
8,382.9
4,374.9
211.9
1,272.4
575.0
1,436.4
512.3
8,519.7
4,351.6
216.8
6 1,349.2
566.7
6 1,518.9
516.5
8,541.5
4,291.3
224.9
1,371.5
566.6
1,567.2
520.0
Region IV ........................................................... .
North Carolina................................................
South C arolina...............................................
G eo rgia..........................................................
Florida............................................................
Kentucky.........................................................
Tennessee......................................................
Alabam a........................ .................................
M ississip p i......................................................
7,789.5
1,353.7
651.4
1,186.7
1,526.5
721.7
1,045.5
843.8
460.2
8,233.9
1,431.2
686.0
1,257.1
1,619.1
758.9
1,108.5
886.5
486.6
8,779.2
1,534.2
734.9
1,337.9
1,726.8
803.8
1,184.4
935.6
521.6
9,108.6
1,600.9
754.4
1,394.7
1,816.4
836.5
1,218.8
951.8
535.1
9,503.9
1,678.5
782.9
1,455.6
1,932.3
868.6
1,264.0
970.1
551.9
9,946.6
1,747.0
819.8
1,531.7
2,069.9
895.2
1,309.8
1,000.2
573.0
10,166.4
1,782.7
842.0
1,557.5
2,152.1
910.1
1,327.6
1,010.5
583.9
10,468.4
1,813.8
862.6
1,602.9
2,276.4
931.8
1,356.8
1,021.9
602.2
Region V ...............................................................
O hio................................................................
Indiana............................................ ..............
Illinois.............................................................
M ichigan.........................................................
W isconsin.......................................................
Minnesota.......................................................
—
3,216.3
1,545.7
3,712.2
—
1,270.9
1,028.0
—
3,364.3
1,631.1
3,880.4
—
1,331.7
1,080.6
_
_
3,537.3
1,737.2
4,095.3
—
1,394.1
1,148.3
3,619.8
1,777.0
4,209.7
—
1,430.5
1,199.8
—
3,750.8
1,817.4
4,284.9
—
1,472.1
1,243.5
_
3,887.3
1,880.3
4,376.1
—
1,525.1
1,299.8
_
3,880.6
1,849.0
4,345.6
—
1,530.4
1,315.3
_
3,839.5
1,841.1
4,296.4
—
1,525.4
1,310.2
Region V I ..............................................................
Arkansas.........................................................
Lou isian a........................................................
O klahom a.......................................................
T e x a s .............................................................
New M e x ic o ...................................................
4,964.2
431.8
849.4
619.3
2,808.0
255.7
5,194.3
458.8
898.1
642.5
2,932.4
262.5
5,504.1
489.8
957.9
676.0
3,108.7
271.7
5,730.0
501.0
997.3
699.7
3,259.4
272.6
5,956.4
514.6
1,020.5
720.4
3,424.3
276.6
6,199.6
533.8
1,032.9
748.3
3,597.1
287.5
6,249.9
536.2
1,033.6
762.6
3,624.9
292.6
6,369.7
550.2
1,055.9
774.4
3,683.5
305.7
Region V II....................................................... .....
Iowa................................................................
Missouri..........................................................
N eb raska........................................................
K a n sas...........................................................
3,132.7
718.3
1,418.3
408.9
587.2
3,249.6
752.2
1,478.3
418.7
600.4
3,426.3
803.8
1,554.1
434.1
634.3
3,530.4
832.8
1,595.5
449.3
652.8
3,614.3
852.1
1,631.3
458.8
672.1
3,706.3
873.4
1,672.1
474.4
686.4
3,708.0
876.9
1,668.0
484.3
678.8
3,712.1
882.7
1,660.8
490.8
677.8
Region VIII............................................................
North Dakota..................................................
South Dakota.................................................
Montana..........................................................
W yoming................................................. .......
C o lo rad o .........................................................
Utah................................................................
1,442.6
142.6
152.2
174.2
97.2
583.2
293.2
1,476.1
146.1
155.5
179.2
96.6
598.9
299.8
1,538.8
148.3
160.1
184.6
97.2
631.2
317.4
1,584.8
151.5
163.9
188.0
99.0
655.8
326.6
1,640.5
155.6
167.8
192.5
102.9
686.6
335.1
1,702.0
157.8
172.9
195.5
106.9
720.7
348.2
1,753.6
163.6
175.4
199.1
108.3
750.2
357.0
1,818.1
167.0
179.0
204.8
111.0
787.0
369.3
Region I X ..............................................................
Arizona...........................................................
Nevada.........................................................
California.......... ..............................................
H aw aii............................................................
6,352.7
389.1
149.3
5,606.5
207.8
6,580.8
403.7
157.4
5,800.3
219.4
6,974.1
434.8
162.0
6,145.2
232.1
7,221.0
445.6
166.1
6,367.6
241.7
7,548.1
473.4
177.3
6,642.1
255.3
7,918.1
517.2
193.5
6,931.5
275.9
7,990.6
547.4
203.3
6,946.2
293.7
8,010.4
581.4
210.5
6,917.0
301.5
Region X ........................ .......................................
Idaho..............................................................
W ashington....................................................
O regon............................................................
A la s k a .............................................................
1,662.6
168.6
854.7
573.9
65.4
1,752.9
177.6
896.4
608.4
70.5
1,886.7
184.8
988.4
640.4
73.1
1,962.0
187.7
1,045.3
652.1
76.9
2,051.4
192.9
1,099.4
679.2
79.9
2,116.8
201.4
1,120.1
708.5
86.8
2,090.8
207.8
1,079.4
710.5
93.1
2,108.5
217.1
1,064.5
729.1
97.8
Region and State
See footnotes at end of table.
Table 79. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by region and State, selected years, 1939-79
Continued
[In thousands]
Region and State
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Region I.................................................................
M ain e.............................................................
New Ham pshire..............................................
Verm ont..........................................................
M assachusetts...............................................
Rhode Island..................................................
Connecticut....................................................
4,576.0
343.7
3 278.5
153.6
3 2,251.7
358.1
1,190.4
4,752.0
354.8
297.8
161.3
2,333.5
365.9
1,238.7
4,809.3
361.5
300.3
162.8
2,353.7
367.0
1,264.0
4,657.5
356.9
292.8
162.1
2,273.1
349.2
1,223.4
4,787.0
375.3
313.4
168.4
2,323.5
366.7
1,239.7
4,972.4
387.8
337.1
178.4
2,405.1
381.7
1,282.3
5,225.9
405.6
361.3
190.6
2,526.5
395.8
1,346.1
5,390.7
416.3
377.4
197.2
2,598.5
400.0
1,400.9
Region II................................................................
New Y ork........................................................
New Je rs e y ....................................................
9,711.0
7,038.5
2,672.5
9,891.9
7,132.2
2,759.7
9,861.0
7,078.0
2,783.0
9,530.9
6,829.9
2,701.0
9,542.6
6,789.5
2,753.1
9,693.3
6,857.6
2,835.7
10,006.5
7,045.2
2,961.3
10,206.3
7,174.6
3,031.7
Region III...............................................................
Pennsylvania..................................................
Delaware.........................................................
Maryland.........................................................
District of Colum bia........................................
Virginia............................................................
West Virginia..................................................
8,815.1
4,400.0
232.4
1,415.0
572.0
1,655.2
540.5
9,106.1
4,506.5
239.4
1,471.5
573.7
1,753.4
561.6
9,198.1
4,514.6
233.1
1,493.6
580.1
1,804.3
572.4
9,074.9
4,435.8
229.9
1,479.3
576.5
1,778.7
574.7
9,268.0
4,512.8
236.7
1,498.3
575.8
1,848.1
596.3
9,462.8
4,565.2
238.8
1,539.1
577.7
1,930.4
611.6
9,829.1
4,724.6
247.8
1,593.6
600.1
2,033.5
629.5
10,069.5
4,830.6
256.3
1,620.1
618.5
2,098.4
645.6
Region IV ..............................................................
North Carolina................................................
South Carolin a................................................
G eo rgia...........................................................
Florida............................................................
Kentucky.........................................................
Tennessee......................................................
Alabam a................................ .........................
M ississip p i......................................................
11,201.4
1,911.9
920.3
1,695.2
2,513.1
989.2
1,450.1
1,072.3
649.3
11,984.5
2,018.1
984.0
1,802.5
2,778.6
1,041.5
1,531.1
1,135.5
693.2
12,264.8
2,048.2
1,015.8
1,827.5
2,863.8
1,070.7
1,558.2
1,169.8
710.8
11,882.3
1,979.9
982.6
1,755.7
2,746.4
1,064.3
1,505.7
1,155.4
692.3
12,357.2
2,082.7
1,038.1
1,839.1
2,784.3
1,103.1
1,575.4
1,207.0
727.5
12,943.2
2,170.4
1,081.7
1,926.4
2,933.2
1,148.3
1,648.1
1,269.2
765.9
13,742.7
2,277.4
1,137.5
2,050.1
3,180.6
1,209.3
1,737.0
1,336.5
813.7
14,279.9
2,376.9
1,177.8
2,114.1
3,379.7
1,244.9
1,785.1
1,362.8
838.6
Region V ...............................................................
Ohio................................................................
Indiana...........................................................
Illinois.............................................................
M ichigan.........................................................
W isco nsin.......................................................
Minnesota.......................................................
—
3,938.3
1,921.9
4,314.8
—
1,580.8
1,357.1
—
4,112.9
2,028.1
4,470.4
—
1,660.5
1,436.1
—
4,169.4
2,031.4
4,545.7
—
1,703.4
1,481.0
4,016.2
1,941.7
4,418.9
—
1,676.8
1,474.2
—
4,094.5
2,023.8
4,565.7
—
1,725.9
1,520.8
4,230.1
2,114.0
4,655.5
—
1,798.9
1,597.3
18,573.5
4,394.8
2,205.5
4,788.8
3,608.5
1,887.0
1,688.9
18,980.7
4,495.2
2,259.7
4,862.5
3,627.8
1,964.8
1,770.7
Region V I ..............................................................
Arkansas.........................................................
Lou isian a........................................................
O klahom a.......................................................
T e x a s .............................................................
New M e xic o ...................................................
6,733.9
581.5
1,128.6
811.9
3,884.4
327.5
7,130.2
614.5
1,176.1
851.9
4,141.7
346.0
7,468.8
640.7
1,220.8
886.9
4,360.2
360.2
7,606.1
623.8
1,249.5
899.7
4,462.9
370.2
7,979.2
660.0
1,314.4
931.1
4,683.7
390.0
8,353.9
695.6
1,364.6
971.5
4,906.8
415.4
8,947.6
732.7
1,463.5
1,035.5
5,271.6
444.3
9,401.5
749.9
1,497.6
1,089.3
5,603.2
461.5
Region VII.............................................................
Iowa................................................................
Missouri...........................................................
N eb raska........................................................
K a n sas...........................................................
3,846.9
912.3
1,700.1
517.0
717.5
4,036.5
961.3
1,770.6
541.3
763.3
4,140.6
999.0
1,789.5
562.1
790.0
4,098.3
998.7
1,740.6
557.8
801.2
4,241.6
1,036.9
1,797.8
572.1
834.8
4,405.7
1,079.2
1,861.8
593.7
871.0
4,594.7
1,119.2
1,953.1
609.9
912.5
4,704.7
1,128.3
2,002.9
626.8
946.7
Region VIII.............................................................
North Dakota..................................................
South D akota.................................................
Montana..........................................................
W yoming.........................................................
C o lo rad o .........................................................
Utah................................................................
1,961.0
176.1
189.9
215.3
117.3
869.4
393.0
2,084.4
183.9
199.1
224.5
126.1
936.0
414.8
2,164.7
193.8
206.6
234.0
136.5
959.7
434.1
2,200.8
203.6
209.3
238.1
146.0
963.5
440.3
2,307.4
215.0
218.6
251.1
156.5
1,003.4
462.8
2,429.8
221.1
226.6
264.8
170.5
1,058.1
488.7
2,613.8
234.0
236.6
280.4
187.4
1,150.0
525.4
2,742.7
243.5
240.2
284.9
202.9
1,217.3
553.9
Region I X ..............................................................
Arizona............................................................
Nevada.......................... .................................
California.........................................................
H aw aii............................................................
8,392.3
646.3
223.4
7,209.9
312.7.
8,908.5
714.5
244.6
7,621.9
327.5
9,172.3
746.0
256.1
7,834.3
335.9
9,182.2
729.1
263.1
7,847.2
342.8
9,541.3
758.7
279.8
8,153.6
349.2
10,074.9
809.3
308.2
8,598.0
359.4
10,820.1
895.4
350.3
9,197.1
377.3
11,388.4
970.9
383.1
9,637.8
396.6
Region X ...............................................................
Idaho..............................................................
W ashington....................................................
O regon..................................................... ......
A la s k a .............................................................
2,214.2
236.5
1,100.1
774.3
103.3
2,330.2
251.7
1,152.3
816.2
110.0
2,431.5
266.8
1,198.9
837.9
127.9
2,497.9
273.0
1,225.7
837.4
161.8
2,624.3
291.0
1,283.1
878.5
171.7
2,774.6
307.4
1,367.0
936.9
163.3
2,989.8
331.3
1,485.6
1,009.4
163.5
3,132.5
337.2
1,576.0
1,051.0
168.3
1 Data are not comparable with prior years. (See footnote 4, table 81.)
2 Data not strictly comparable with prior years.
3 Beginning with this year data are based on the 1972 S ta n d a rd In d u stria l
C la s s ific a tio n M a n u a l.
4 Beginning in 1960, data include Hawaii.
163
—
—
5 Beginning in 1960, data include Alaska.
6 Data are not comparable with prior years. (See footnote 3, table 81.)
N o t e : Dashes indicate no data are available. Data are based on the
1972 SIC Manual unless otherwise noted.
Table 80. Employees on manufacturing payrolls by region and State, selected years, 1939-79
[In thousands]
Region and State
1939
1950
1945
1955
1960
1961
1962
1963
Region I.................................................................
M a in e .............................................................
New H am pshire.............................................
Verm ont..........................................................
M assachusetts...............................................
Rhode Island..................................................
Connecticut....................................................
1,178.8
95.1
69.2
28.0
574.4
128.9
283.2
1,503.4
113.2
74.5
41.2
734.0
142.3
398.2
1,468.6
109.0
79.1
36.9
715.7
148.0
379.9
1,484.1
108.3
83.1
37.1
700.7
131.7
423.2
1,451.7
104.5
87.0
35.3
698.0
119.7
407.2
1,428.2
103.2
85.9
33.8
684.9
116.8
403.6
1,453.3
104.3
88.6
35.6
687.6
118.9
418.3
1,423.4
102.8
85.9
34.9
663.5
115.5
420.8
Region II................................................................
New Y ork........................................................
New J e rs e y ....................................................
1,941.0
1,356.3
584.7
2,804.3
1,989.8
814.5
2,672.2
1,915.8
756.4
2,817.9
2,006.8
811.1
2,687.5
1,878.7
808.8
2,614.5
1,823.0
791.5
2,650.7
1,837.9
812.8
2,613.5
1,804.1
809.4
Region III...............................................................
Pennsylvania..................................................
Delaware.........................................................
Maryland.........................................................
District of Colum bia............. ...........................
Virginia...........................................................
West Virginia..................................................
1,547.1
1,061.4
29.8
172.4
15.4
172.6
95.5
2,180.2
1,485.4
47.0
271.4
16.7
225.3
134.4
2,151.1
1,485.5
51.8
232.9
20.0
229.5
131.4
2,245.8
1,515.0
59.5
266.2
19.7
254.9
130.5
2,183.9
1,444.5
58.9
259.9
21.0
275.0
124.6
2,111.8
1,383.0
55.4
256.7
20.6
276.0
120.1
2,154.2
1,403.9
56.1
258.6
20.6
292.4
122.6
2,162.8
1,401.0
59.1
260.4
20.6
297.5
124.2
Region IV ..............................................................
North Carolina............................................... .
South C arolina...............................................
G eo rgia..........................................................
Florida............................................................
Kentucky.........................................................
T ennessee......................................................
Alabam a..........................................................
M ississippi......................................................
1,177.4
318.1
145.2
190.3
71.9
87.2
162.4
142.9
59.4
1,637.7
370.9
175.0
279.1
110.8
132.6
256.6
225.0
87.7
1,708.5
414.4
210.2
287.1
102.9
140.5
249.2
217.5
86.7
1,979.0
456.1
231.2
335.6
147.6
169.7
295.9
238.0
104.9
2,145.3
504.5
244.6
341.6
207.5
173.2
315.0
238.7
120.2
2,128.8
504.3
246.5
333.9
211.8
167.4
313.1
232.8
119.0
2,269.0
525.6
260.1
350.5
223.1
207.9
331.6
242.2
128.0
2,313.0
537.0
269.6
363.8
229.3
184.7
344.7
249.4
134.5
Region V ...............................................................
O hio................................................................
Indiana...........................................................
Illinois.............................................................
M ichigan.........................................................
W isconsin.......................................................
Minnesota.......................................................
—
769.8
352.5
804.3
—
258.8
112.2
—
1,218.2
539.0
1,182.8
—
430.0
209.7
—
1,220.0
580.1
11,212.6
434.5
1200.3
—
1,370.6
628.6
1,290.2
—
458.0
216.0
—
1,264.8
593.9
1,225.4
—
460.4
229.2
—
1,183.2
568.2
1,179.3
—
439.0
228.9
—
1,218.2
601.8
1,214.0
—
455.9
239.1
1,236.6
614.5
1,218.6
—
461.4
242.1
Region V I ..............................................................
Arkansas.........................................................
Louisiana........................................................
O klahom a.......................................................
T e x a s .............................................................
New M e x ic o ...................................................
379.5
47.0
103.2
42.4
183.0
3.9
698.4
69.5
164.0
89.2
369.3
6.4
660.2
75.7
145.0
65.6
363.6
10.3
802.6
85.7
154.8
88.5
461.1
12.5
839.3
103.0
144.9
86.6
487.7
17.1
831.8
105.6
138.7
86.5
484.4
16.6
866.0
114.0
141.9
90.4
502.1
17.6
892.9
119.4
148.9
90.9
516.5
17.2
Region VII.............................................................
Iowa................................................................
Missouri..........................................................
N ebraska...............................j........................
K a n sas...........................................................
410.2
92.1
239.5
29.8
48.8
693.3
145.3
372.1
58.3
117.6
660.4
154.9
356.5
51.8
97.2
755.7
171.4
391.6
61.2
131.5
757.6
177.1
395.6
66.5
118.4
733.6
171.6
378.5
66.3
117.2
753.1
174.8
390.3
67.6
120.4
759.9
179.0
396.8
66.2
117.9
Region VIII............................................................
North Dakota..................................................
South D akota.................................................
Montana..........................................................
Wyoming.........................................................
C o lo rad o .........................................................
Utah................................................................
82.1
4.3
7.4
12.2
4.4
36.1
17.7
119.5
5.7
10.2
14.4
5.8
59.2
24.2
135.3
6.1
11.6
17.9
6.4
63.6
29.7
153.0
6.6
11.9
20.3
6.9
71.7
35.6
186.3
6.5
13.0
20.3
8.4
90.6
47.5
194.0
6.3
13.7
20.3
8.4
94.8
50.5
200.8
7.0
14.0
21.9
7.5
96.1
54.3
204.0
7.8
14.8
22.3
7.2
96.4
55.5
Region IX.............................................................
Arizona............................................................
Nevada............................................................
California.........................................................
H aw aii..............................................................
394.3
8.5
1.4
384.4
—
884.1
20.1
3.2
860.8
—
780.2
17.0
3.5
759.7
—
1,159.8
32.7
6.0
1,121.1
—
2 1,397.6
49.3
5.4
1,317.2
25.7
1,400.4
51.0
5.7
1,318.0
25.7
1,468.7
55.2
6.0
1,382.5
25.0
1,484.1
58.0
6.8
1,394.3
25.0
Region X ...............................................................
Idaho..............................................................
W ashington....................................................
O regon............................................................
A la s k a ............................................................
217.9
13.9
120.1
83.9
—
406.4
17.9
236.1
152.4
—
339.0
22.4
178.6
138.0
—
379.5
25.8
207.5
146.2
—
3 395.6
28.8
216.6
144.4
5.8
391.7
29.9
217.5
139.1
5.2
412.0
30.5
232.6
143.4
5.5
405.2
30.4
224.0
145.1
5.7
—
See footnotes at end of table.
164
_
Table 80. Employees on manufacturing payrolls by region and State, selected years, 1939-79—
Continued
[In thousands]
Region and State
1964
1966
1965
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
Region I.................................................................
M a in e .............................................................
New H am pshire..............................................
Verm ont..........................................................
M assachusetts...............................................
Rhode Island..................................................
• Connecticut....................................................
1,411.2
104.0
85.6
34.7
649.9
116.0
421.0
1,459.6
108.0
89.8
38.6
665.8
121.3
436.1
1,549.4
115.0
96.0
43.4
696.0
127.6
471.4
1,564.7
116.3
97.6
44.2
699.7
127.4
479.5
1,553.2
118.0
99.7
43.7
690.1
127.4
474.3
1,539.2
115.7
97.9
43.4
682.6
127.9
471.7
1,453.8
110.4
91.8
40.5
648.3
120.9
441.9
1,341.3
102.7
86.3
37.9
600.2
115.2
399.0
Region II................................................................
New York........................................................
New J e rs e y ....................................................
2,601.5
1,794.8
806.7
2,675.6
1,838.1
837.5
2,773.8
1,894.5
879.3
2,768.5
1,885.7
882.8
2,764.3
1,879.0
885.3
2,763.3
1,870.8
892.5
2,621.3
1,760.6
860.7
2,451.8
1,633.5
818.3
Region III...............................................................
Pennsylvania..................................................
Delaware.........................................................
Maryland. .....................................................
District of Colum bia........................................
Virginia...........................................................
W est Virginia..................................................
2,210.4
1,434.8
61.9
258.2
20.7
308.6
126.2
2,299.5
1,494.1
67.8
264.8
21.1
322.5
129.2
2,410.8
1,565.3
71.0
279.8
21.7
340.0
133.0
2,418.6
1,562.4
71.7
283.3
22.0
346.0
133.2
2,440.0
1,570.0
72.9
280.6
21.4
362.7
132.4
2,467.0
1,588.9
73.6
281.7
20.8
371.0
131.0
2,383.1
1,528.8
71.1
271.4
19.3
366.0
126.5
2,266.9
1,438.1
68.8
252.4
18.5
366.2
122.9
Region IV ..............................................................
North Carolina................................................
South C aro lin a...............................................
G eo rgia..........................................................
Florida............................................................
Kentucky.........................................................
Tennessee......................................................
Alabam a..........................................................
M ississip p i......................................................
2,406.7
557.1
277.7
378.9
237.9
194.0
361.5
259.2
140.4
2,566.7
590.6
293.0
403.9
252.6
207.8
386.6
279.2
153.0
2,775.7
638.1
313.7
431.5
276.1
228.6
424.2
296.9
166.6
2,846.2
657.5
319.0
438.9
293.8
234.2
434.8
300.6
167.4
2,960.4
686.1
327.3
452.9
311.4
242.9
454.3
310.0
175.5
3,091.5
714.0
341.5
477.6
329.2
250.4
469.0
327.3
182.5
3,071.2
713.0
340.3
467.1
322.5
255.2
463.8
327.2
182.1
3,062.8
716.2
337.2
461.7
322.7
253.3
459.5
322.7
189.5
Region V .......... ....................................................
O hio................................................................
Indiana...........................................................
Illinois.............................................................
M ichigan.........................................................
W isco nsin.......................................................
Minnesota.......................................................
—
1,259.1
630.9
1,253.3
—
469.6
246.4
—
1,326.0
673.6
1,318.4
—
491.9
261.6
—
1,404.4
719.7
1,410.5
—
508.6
287.4
—
1,401.4
716.0
1,409.6
—
508.7
302.2
—
1,433.5
722.9
1,404.0
—
510.3
314.7
—
1,471.0
752.3
1,417.4
—
520.9
331.4
—
1,409.9
710.2
1,358.6
—
500.9
318.7
—
1,333.8
683.4
1,282.4
—
479.6
298.8
Region V I ..............................................................
Arkansas.........................................................
Lou isian a........................................................
O klahom a.................................... ..................
T e x a s .............................................................
New M e x ic o ...................................................
937.1
126.7
155.4
96.6
540.5
17.9
989.7
135.9
161.1
103.0
572.1
17.6
1,072.0
149.7
168.3
113.3
622.1
18.6
1,126.7
153.4
176.7
116.4
661.9
18.3
1,190.5
159.0
181.9
121.7
709.4
18.5
1,254.5
169.1
184.6
129.9
750.2
20.7
1,237.4
168.6
179.0
134.1
734.3
21.4
1,215.2
171.7
177.7
132.7
710.5
22.6
Region V II.............................................................
Iowa................................... !...........................
Missouri...........................................................
N eb raska........................................................
K a n sas...........................................................
779.5
183.5
405.7
67.2
123.1
806.4
192.9
420.1
68.7
124.7
877.8
212.1
448.7
74.7
142.3
905.7
219.3
457.4
79.7
149.3
919.6
223.1
462.7
82.8
151.0
927.9
225.4
465.7
86.2
150.6
887.1
216.0
449.4
84.5
137.2
855.2
209.8
430.3
82.6
132.5
Region VIII............................................................
North Dakota..................................................
South D akota.................................................
Montana..........................................................
W yoming.........................................................
C olorado.........................................................
Utah.................... ...........................................
196.8
8.4
13.3
21.4
7.7
93.5
52.5
'194.0
8.7
13.5
22.1
7.1
92.6
50.0
206.8
8.9
14.3
22.9
6.8
102.7
51.2
210.5
8.6
15.4
22.4
7.1
106.1
50.9
217.2
8.9
15.9
23.2
6.8
110.5
51.9
229.5
9.0
15.9
24.1
7.4
118.3
54.8
233.8
9.9
15.8
23.9
7.4
120.8
56.0
238.1
10.2
16.5
23.9
7.5
123.5
56.5
Region I X ..............................................................
Arizona............................................................
Nevada...........................................................
California.........................................................
H aw aii............................................................
1,481.0
59.5
6.9
1,389.4
25.2
1,507.7
64.9
7.1
1,411.2
24.5
1,640.3
77.7
7.1
1,531.3
24.2
1,704.6
79.1
6.8
1,594.0
24.7
1,755.5
84.9
7.1
1,639.7
23.8
1,788.9
94.2
8.2
1,661.3
25.2
1,683.4
91.2
8.6
1,558.0
25.6
1,596.4
89.2
8.8
1,473.2
25.2
Region X ...............................................................
Idaho..............................................................
W ashington....................................................
Oregon...........................................................
A la s k a ............................................................
408.4
31.8
219.3
151.7
5.6
424.8
33.3
227.0
158.2
6.3
474.6
35.6
265.2
167.2
6.6
484.4
35.3
277.1
165.4
6.6
505.4
37.9
286.9
173.7
6.9
506.2
39.9
278.5
180.5
7.3
460.7
40.3
239.5
172.3
8.6
438.0
41.2
214.7
174.3
7.8
See footnotes at end of table.
165
Table 80. Employees on manufacturing payrolls by region and State, selected years, 1939-79'
Continued
[In thousands]
Region and State
1972
1974
1973
Region I.................................................................
M a in e .............................................................
New Ham pshire.............................................
Verm ont.........................................................
M assachusetts...............................................
Rhode Island..................................................
Connecticut....................................................
1,363.0
102.4
1975
1977
1976
1978
1979
38.5
*610.2
121.0
400.1
1,422.6
104.5
96.0
41.6
634.7
125.6
420.2
1,438.3
105.1
94.2
42.8
639.3
126.0
430.9
1,301.2
96.3
85.1
39.5
577.8
112.7
389.8
1,351.5
102.5
94.5
41.0
593.6
122.9
397.0
1,407.2
105.9
101.4
43.4
621.0
128.8
406.7
1,475.2
111.3
109.8
47.7
652.4
134.4
419.6
1,518.5
114.0
116.0
50.8
670.3
132.3
435.1
Region II................................................................
New York.......................................................
New Je rs e y ....................................................
2,425.5
1,602.2
823.3
2,461.7
1,619.1
842.6
2,400.5
1,574.6
825.9
2,170.1
1,421.9
748.2
2,195.1
1,438.9
756.2
2,226.9
1,459.6
767.3
2,268.0
1,481.2
786.8
2,298.7
1,498.9
799.8
Region III...............................................................
Pennsylvania..................................................
Delaware........................................................
Maryland........................................................
District of Colum bia........................................
Virginia...........................................................
West Virginia..................................................
2,291.1
1,444.0
69.4
248.8
17.8
387.8
123.3
2,359.0
1,480.1
73.7
257.0
17.4
401.8
129.0
2,340.8
1,464.5
70.8
254.5
17.0
401.9
132.1
2,138.6
1,334.8
65.7
230.0
15.5
371.5
121.1
2,163.2
1,335.2
68.2
232.4
15.3
387.7
124.4
2,184.0
1,341.9
67.6
235.1
14.8
400.8
123.8
2,231.2
1,369.2
69.0
242.0
15.0
409.4
126.6
2,260.0
1,389.8
70.0
245.7
15.4
413.1
126.0
Region IV ..............................................................
North Carolina................................................
South C arolina...............................................
G eo rgia................................... .......................
Florida............................................................
Kentucky........................................................
Tennessee......................................................
Alabam a.........................................................
M ississippi......................................................
3,237.6
756.8
354.3
476.6
351.3
268.3
489.2
333.4
207.7
3,426.5
796.9
374.9
494.5
380.6
288.3
519.4
350.9
221.0
3,403.0
789.6
375.9
483.7
375.9
290.9
513.3
353.7
220.0
3,076.5
715.5
339.9
439.3
339.4
259.7
459.0
321.9
201.8
3,276.1
756.3
371.0
476.3
354.0
273.3
486.1
340.2
218.9
3,412.9
780.9
380.2
494.1
380.9
284.9
507.5
354.3
230.1
3,552.0
807.2
391.1
515.8
415.5
292.2
526.0
368.9
235.3
3,622.7
824.2
399.3
527.1
437.7
295.2
529.4
374.6
235.2
^ o .e
_
_
_
_
_
_
1,346.8
709.4
1,284.2
1,416.6
737.2
1,345.1
—
546.1
340.7
1,267.5
647.2
1,199.8
495.4
310.2
1,426.3
758.2
1,354.5
—
531.7
331.2
507.0
312.9
1,295.3
685.1
1,215.2
—
519.4
321.6
1,344.1
713.2
1,241.3
—
540.4
339.3
5,504.3
1,377.2
741.5
1,276.0
1,179.6
569.7
360.4
5,517.2
1,380.1
740.9
1,270.0
1,151.1
592.5
382.6
Region V I ..............................................................
Arkansas........................................................
Louisiana.......................................................
O klahom a......................................................
T e x a s .............................................................
New M e x ic o ...................................................
1,274.3
185.2
183.2
141.1
738.7
26.1
1,361.9
200.4
190.5
151.9
790.2
28.9
1,414.0
203.9
192.5
156.7
831.3
29.6
1,360.6
179.2
186.2
150.7
815.9
28.6
1,439.2
195.1
195.4
156.1
862.3
30.3
1,501.3
209.3
203.3
163.0
893.5
32.2
1,595.6
217.5
209.5
172.4
962.8
33.4
1,670.7
216.9
213.3
183.3
1,022.5
34.7
Region VII.............................................................
Iowa................................................................
Missouri.................................................. ........
N eb raska.......................................................
K a n sas...........................................................
895.1
222.9
441.5
85.0
145.7
956.0
241.3
459.7
90.5
164.5
964.1
249.9
451.6
93.4
169.2
885.3
230.4
405.3
85.4
164.2
913.4
234.0
424.9
87.9
166.6
948.7
245.6
439.6
90.6
172.9
989.3
252.5
456.8
94.1
185.9
1,014.8
258.0
459.7
99.1
198.0
Region VIII............................................................
North Dakota..................................................
South D akota.................................................
Montana.........................................................
Wyoming........................................................
C olorado.........................................................
Utah................................................................
253.6
10.8
18.4
24.5
7.9
131.5
60.5
274.0
12.6
19.8
24.8
8.4
143.3
65.1
285.5
14.7
20.9
24.5
8.4
146.6
70.4
271.1
16.2
19.8
22.1
8.3
137.2
67.5
285.7
16.2
22.2
23.7
8.4
144.5
70.7
300.1
15.3
23.4
25.1
9.0
152.8
74.5
325.0
15.7
24.9
26.3
9.6
168.2
80.3
347.9
16.6
26.9
26.9
10.2
180.2
87.1
Region IX..............................................................
Arizona...........................................................
Nevada............................................... ............
California.........................................................
H aw aii............................................................
1,669.4
98.7
9.8
1,536.0
24.9
1,799.3
110.2
11.8
1,653.5
23.8
1,841.9
112.9
12.3
1,694.0
22.7
1,722.6
99.8
12.2
1,586.9
23.7
1,792.9
105.6
13.0
1,650.9
23.4
1,880.5
113.9
15.1
1,728.3
23.2
2,043.6
126.9
17.8
1,875.2
23.7
2,186.1
142.4
19.5
2,000.6
23.6
Region X ...............................................................
Idaho..............................................................
W ashington....................................................
O regon...........................................................
A la s k a ............................................................
459.8
43.6
224.1
184.0
8.1
497.5
46.9
244.2
196.9
9.5
508.3
48.0
253.6
196.8
9.9
483.5
47.8
244.0
182.1
9.6
503.4
52.0
247.4
193.7
10.3
531.1
54.1
260.0
206.1
10.9
573.6
58.1
284.7
219.1
11.7
604.2
58.6
305.7
227.3
12.6
Region V ...............................................................
O hio................................................................
Indiana...........................................................
Illinois.............................................................
M ichigan........................................................
W isconsin.......................................................
Minnesota........................................... ...........
—
1Beginning with this year, data are based on the 1972
3 Beginning in 1960, data include Alaska.
S ta n d a rd In d u stria l
C la s s ific a tio n M a n u a l.
N o t e : Dashes indicate data are not available. Data are based on the
1972 SIC Manual unless otherwise noted.
2 Beginning in 1960, data include Hawaii.
—
166
Table 81. Employees on government payrolls by region and State, selected years, 1939-79
[In thousands]
Region and State
1945
1939
1960
1955
17.3
248.0
40.1
93.7
486.8
49.5
26.4
17.8
255.5
41.2
96.4
497.8
50.3
27.0
18.2
261.7
41.9
98.7
511.6
51.5
28.0
18.9
267.5
42.4
103.3
941.7
735.3
206.4
1,079.8
837.7
242.1
1,103.9
850.3
253.6
1,138.5
875.7
262.8
1,169.3
897.2
272.1
1,018.5
396.1
14.8
123.6
251.7
171.0
61.3
1,084.9
436.1
18.7
142.8
228.7
191.1
67.5
1,125.6
451.0
19.4
151.2
232.9
199.6
71.5
1,165.3
465.1
20.9
159.4
240.8
207.7
71.4
1,200.7
474.8
955.8
137.3
82.4
149.6
157.4
1,170.7
164.2
96.2
186.1
220.5
100.1
110.1
128.1
130.0
70.9
146.3
159.8
87.5
1,216.7
171.0
98.3
191.9
232.3
114.6
151.9
165.9
90.8
1,314.4
178.8
99.5
197.2
247.4
172.1
157.4
167.8
94.2
1,311.1
185.6
103.1
204.0
262.5
125.2
163.5
170.0
97.2
472.9
48.2
66.1
843.0
661.3
181.7
822.7
651.7
171.0
618.9
286.8
8.3
57.1
143.8
81.8
41.1
978.4
390.6
9.8
895.6
338.7
8 8 .6
97.2
246.8
142.8
59.5
480.4
69.0
43.6
69.3
59.5
62.2
66.5
60.9
49.4
768.2
104.2
81.7
131.7
125.5
70.6
93.0
101.5
60.0
295.0
29.7
Region II................................................................
New Y ork........................................................
New J e rs e y .......................... .........................
575.7
453.1
Region III2.............................................................
Pennsylvania..................................................
Delaware.........................................................
Maryland 3 .......................................................
District of Colum bia 4 ......................................
Virginia 3 .........................................................
West Virginia..................................................
Region IV ..............................................................
North Carolina................................................
South C arolin a...............................................
G eo rgia..........................................................
Florida............................................................
Kentucky........................................................
Tennessee......................................................
Alabam a.........................................................
M ississippi......................................................
2 0 .0
9.5
159.9
24.1
51.8
1 2 2 .6
—
387.4
48.4
18.6
13.3
212.4
39.6
55.1
376.6
37.2
19.6
13.7
208.1
31.9
270.2
166.4
52.8
—
10.6
769.2
1 1 1 .6
64.2
1 2 0 .6
119.2
79.9
1 1 1 .2
98.2
64.3
—
—
'2 5 .6
—
96.5
215.1
—
100.9
99.1
280.1
126.7
294.6
—
108.6
95.9
294.8
138.0
5314.3
—
120.3
5115.3
344.1
157.6
365.1
—
131.0
128.4
399.2
188.5
416.9
Region V I ................................... ..........................
Arkansas........................................................
Louisiana........................................................
O klahom a.......................................................
T e x a s ....... .....................................................
New M e xic o ...................................................
346.8
40.9
70.1
62.7
153.3
19.8
559.7
55.1
97.4
93.0
285.7
28.5
568.9
51.5
701.6
57.9
1 0 2 .0
1 2 2 .8
91.7
290.2
33.5
Region V II.............................................................
Iowa................................................................
Missouri..........................................................
N ebraska........................................................
K a n sas........................................................
306.4
75.0
113.0
54.4
64.0
380.4
86.9
141.4
67.7
84.4
Region VIII............................................................
North Dakota..................................................
South Dakota.................................................
Montana.........................................................
Wyoming.........................................................
C olorado.........................................................
Utah................................................................
141.3
18.1
25.6
25.0
199.1
41.2
20.3
27.3
25.3
13.0
59.5
53.2
Region I X ..............................................................
Arizona...........................................................
Nevada...........................................................
California.........................................................
H aw aii............................................................
275.7
19.0
6.4
250.3
—
578.0
32.9
11.4
533.7
—
Region X ...............................................................
Idaho..............................................................
W ashington....................................................
Oregon...........................................................
A la s k a ............................................................
131.9
18.2
72.5
41.2
—
233.5
25.2
157.3
51.0
—
2 0 1 .8
11.1
—
—
2 2 .6
166.0
249.5
215.7
72.1
—
167
163.2
149.5
412.5
194.0
433.8
—
170.4
153.7
424.2
201.3
447.0
—
174.6
162.2
431.7
209.7
459.3
—
181.7
171.8
116.8357.7
46.4
834.6
70.2
145.2
124.7
431.0
63.5
860.0
72.9
150.3
127.0
444.5
65.3
890.4
76.1
154.4
131.0
461.2
67.7
918.8
74.6
158.3
134.9
480.7
70.3
395.1
100.5
151.4
63.3
79.9
441.2
103.4
168.6
74.2
95.0
502.4
117.2
190.3
80.8
114.1
515.0
122.3
192.7
83.6
116.4
527.7
125.4
198.0
85.4
118.9
540.7
129.5
202.9
87.7
208.4
24.5
28.4
28.3
15.7
67.4
44.1
247.1
26.4
31.8
30.9
18.1
303.6
31.5
38.9
38.5
21.3
332.1
33.9
42.2
41.1
8 6 .2
111.1
53.7
62.3
318.4
32.3
40.2
40.0
22.5
118.3
65.1
346.4
36.4
43.0
43.0
23.8
128.6
71.6
578.7
34.6
6 1,010.3
6 8 .0
1,063.5
72.6
1,113.7
77.7
18.8
874.0
49.5
2 0 .2
2 2 .0
533.3
—
739.8
45.0
13.6
681.2
—
920.3
50.4
962.8
51.2
1,160.3
81.6
24.2
1 ,0 0 1 .6
52.9
222.4
24.9
133.7
63.8
—
2 0 .8
See footnotes at end of table.
1963
1962
1961
414.4
41.9
19.6
15.0
221.3
36.8
79.8
Region I.................................................................
M a in e .............................................................
New Ham pshire.............................................
Verm ont..........................................................
M assachusetts...............................................
Rhode Island..................................................
Connecticut....................................................
Region V ...............................................................
O hio................................................................
Indiana...........................................................
Illinois.............................................................
M ichigan........................................................
W isconsin.......................................................
Minnesota.......................................................
1950
256.9
26.4
155.6
74.9
—
7 317.1
328.5
34.4
170.1
340.2
36.4
175.4
103.4
25.0
352.7
37.8
179.9
107.9
27.1
10.8
—
32.7
166.6
95.3
22.5
1 0 0 .2
23.8
2 2 .8
123.5
6 8 .6
1 2 0 .6
Table 81. Employees on government payrolls, by region and State, selected years, 1939-79Continued
[In thousands]
Region and State
1964
1965
1966
1969
1970
1971
286.2
48.7
122.5
614.2
61.6
34.4
23.4
302.5
52.3
140.0
638.6
64.3
35.5
24.4
310.7
52.8
150.9
661.3
66.4
37.3
*26.2
319.9
53.6
157.9
682.1
68.7
38.8
27.2
330.6
55.9
160.9
1,254.0
958.6
295.4
1,324.4
1,012.4
312.0
1,402.3
1,073.1
329.2
1,468.2
1,123.8
344.4
1,536.1
1,176.0
360.1
1,592.9
1,218.1
374.8
1,627.8
1,239.8
388.0
1,293.8
508.4
25.0
183.8
262.7
232.2
81.7
1,378.6
536.1
26.3
201.9
274.6
251.2
88.5
1,453.9
567.2
27.9
218.2
278.0
270.5
92.1
1,492.8
588.1
29.3
232.3
264.6
283.6
94.9
1,526.3
609.4
31.9
243.2
254.4
292.4
95.0
1,655.4
618.7
35.0
301.0
249.7
355.1
95.9
1,707.5
629.2
36.8
314.9
256.7
371.9
98.0
1,441.3
1,554.9
217.4
1,640.9
231.6
128.4
263.0
342.3
155.5
1 2 0 .6
1,713.5
244.4
134.0
275.3
361.8
163.3
208.2
201.4
125.1
1,772.1
254.3
140.8
286.1
377.9
166.1
214.2
204.7
128.0
1,848.6
264.2
149.9
297.5
397.8
172.6
225.9
209.5
131.2
1,913.5
268.4
156.7
309.6
419.1
180.5
231.9
213.6
133.7
—
528.3
285.3
593.4
—
244.6
215.4
—
544.8
280.9
615.6
—
255.3
224.1
—
565.5
286.4
638.9
—
265.5
234.9
—
577.2
296.3
648.6
—
270.2
239.7
1,244.1
102.7
213.2
176.7
662.3
89.2
1,276.4
104.9
216.0
179.0
684.2
92.3
526.5
52.9
29.0
19.5
272.7
43.4
109.0
545.2
54.3
30.1
20.3
278.5
46.1
115.9
Region II................................................................
New York........................................................
New Je rs e y ....................................................
1,204.1
924.1
280.0
Region III2..............................................................
Pennsylvania............. .....................................
Delaware.........................................................
M aryland 3 .......................................................
District of Colum bia 4 ......................................
Virginia 3 ..........................................................
West Virginia..................................................
1,234.4
488.6
23.9
174.1
251.3
Region IV ........................... ...................................
North Carolina................................................
South C aro lin a...............................................
G eo rgia..........................................................
Florida............................................................
Kentucky.........................................................
Tennessee......................................................
Alabam a..........................................................
M ississippi......................................................
1,363.5
192.7
106.8
75.3
1968
595.0
59.5
33.4
22.3
297.1
51.2
131.5
Region I.................................................................
M a in e .............................................................
New H am pshire.............................................
Verm ont.........................................................
M assachusetts...............................................
Rhode Island..................................................
Connecticut....................................................
2 2 1 .2
1967
2 1 0 .8
301.2
135.2
185.1
179.1
105.2
Region V ...............................................................
O hio................................................................
Indiana...........................................................
Illinois.............................................................
M ichigan.........................................................
W isconsin.......................................................
M innesota.......................................................
_
440.3
219.2
475.0
—
190.4
179.3
—
458.6
232.2
502.4
—
Region V I ...... .......................................... ............
Arkansas.........................................................
Lou isian a.......................................................
O klahom a.......................................................
T e x a s .............................................................
New M e x ic o ...................................................
Region V II.............................................................
Iowa................................................................
Missouri..........................................................
N ebraska........................................................
K a n sas...........................................................
2 1 0 .6
2 1 .2
2 0 1 .6
111.1
2 2 2 .8
278.7
128.4
173.3
173.3
99.5
567.4
57.4
31.4
1 21 .0
243.9
326.2
145.2
195.3
191.6
114.3
2 0 1 .8
197.7
2 0 1 .0
—
483.0
254.1
536.5
—
215.2
189.9
2 0 1 .6
—
509.5
271.4
572.0
—
230.3
214.1
948.6
76.5
163.4
136.9
500.0
71.8
1,003.4
84.9
171.7
145.8
525.6
75.4
1,083.9
91.6
185.4
158.8
567.1
81.0
1,149.5
93.4
197.4
168.2
607.1
83.4
1,185.8
97.0
171.9
630.1
85.0
1,222.3
100.9
208.2
175.5
651.4
86.3
559.0
133.1
89.1
126.2
586.9
138.8
225.4
192.5
130.2
623.8
148.8
244.7
93.3
137.0
658.2
157.1
260.3
1 97.6
143.2
676.3
163.8
269.1
97.4
146.0
698.3
171.7
276.1
100.9
149.6
718.1
176.0
284.1
104.7
153.3
735.4
178.3
292.9
109.1
155.1
Region VIII............................................................
North Dakota..................................................
South D akota.................................................
Montana..........................................................
Wyoming.........................................................
Colorado............................................. ...........
Utah................................................................
358.2
38.8
44.4
44.7
24.6
132.0
73.7
375.5
40.3
46.6
45.9
25.6
137.7
79.4
404.2
42.1
48.2
48.1
26.9
148.2
90.7
429.6
44.4
49.3
51.8
28.4
157.7
98.0
440.1
47.2
50.3
53.3
28.1
162.4
98.8
448.1
48.4
53.0
52.1
28.1
166.9
99.6
460.7
49.3
53.1
52.6
28.4
177.2
100.1
473.5
49.3
52.6
54.3
29.4
184.7
103.2
Region I X ..............................................................
Arizona...........................................................
Nevada...........................................................
California.........................................................
H aw aii............................................................
1,209.6
85.3
26.4
1,043.5
54.4
1,284.0
92.2
28.6
1,105.4
57.8
1,388.5
98.9
30.3
1,196.7
62.6
1,477.6
104.7
32.3
1,274.3
66.3
1,549.0
34.1
1,335.8
69.1
1,612.0
113.4
35.8
1,391.7
71.1
1,654.8
119.5
36.9
1,424.7
73.7
1,692.1
129.5
38.1
1,446.3
78.2
Region X ...............................................................
Idaho..............................................................
W ashington....................................................
O regon............................................................
A la s k a ............................................................
362.1
38.1
184.6
111.3
28.1
380.6
39.6
193.1
118.2
29.7
404.2
41.9
206.2
125.3
30.8
427.0
44.3
218.5
132.4
31.8
443.6
45.2
230.1
136.1
32.2
458.3
46.8
237.4
140.8
33.3
475.9
49.1
244.5
146.7
35.6
493.6
51.3
252.4
152.0
37.9
See footnotes at end of table.
168
2 0 1 .8
1 1 0 .0
Table 81. Employees on government payrolls, by region and State, selected years, 1939-79
Continued
[In thousands]
Region and State
1974
1973
1972
1976
1975
1978
1977
1979
Region I.................................................................
M a in e .............................................................
New H am pshire.............................................
Verm ont..........................................................
M assachusetts...............................................
Rhode Island..................................................
Connecticut....................................................
703.9
69.4
®41.2
28.2
5 343.1
56.8
165.2
717.6
70.7
43.4
28.7
351.6
55.5
167.7
728.2
72.9
45.6
29.3
354.3
55.1
171.0
753.7
74.8
48.0
30.5
365.1
56.6
178.7
763.9
75.2
49.9
30.9
375.8
57.0
175.1
796.6
77.7
53.8
34.3
397.0
58.2
175.6
841.2
81.5
56.4
35.1
429.2
59.8
179.2
836.5
82.6
57.2
35.5
420.1
59.6
181.5
Region II................................................................
New Y ork........................................................
New Je rs e y ....................................................
1,649.2
1,243.9
405.3
1,685.7
1,268.6
417.1
1,741.8
1,301.9
439.9
1,798.7
1,328.7
470.0
1,753.4
1,273.6
479.8
1,773.7
1,270.8
502.9
1,837.4
1,316.0
521.4
1,836.0
1,315.2
520.8
Region III1 .............................................................
2
Pennsylvania..................................................
Delaware.........................................................
M aryland 3 .......................................................
District of Colum bia 4 ......................................
Virginia 3 ..........................................................
West Virginia..................................................
1,757.5
651.9
39.0
327.0
260.2
380.0
99.4
1,791.0
658.7
39.2
338.1
259.6
391.2
104.2
1,847.8
682.0
39.1
349.1
265.3
405.9
106.4
1,928.4
721.4
40.3
366.1
269.7
422.8
108.1
1,956.9
722.1
40.6
372.1
275.9
436.6
109.6
1,965.8
710.9
41.4
374.3
274.6
453.6
2,035.4
724.9
42.8
383.0
285.4
482.7
116.6
2,051.0
722.7
44.5
380.2
289.8
493.6
Region IV ..............................................................
North Carolina................................................
South C aro lin a...............................................
G eo rgia...........................................................
Florida............................................................
Kentucky.........................................................
Tennessee......................................................
Alabam a..........................................................
M ississip p i......................................................
1,990.0
275.3
165.6
320.9
437.9
189.4
240.6
220.9
139.4
2,064.7
281.8
170.7
328.2
469.9
197.2
246.2
225.7
145.0
2,181.6
303.2
182.2
340.5
510.5
203.3
256.4
235.1
150.4
2,316.2
328.3
199.8
354.8
546.0
215.0
271.3
247.5
153.5
2,365.3
347.9
203.3
366.1
542.8
213.0
283.1
252.9
156.2
2,464.4
367.6
213.7
384.0
565.7
2,613.5
386.4
223.8
407.9
601.8
220.3
305.6
285.9
181.8
2,675.2
395.5
228.4
417.7
604.5
230.3
314.4
292.0
192.4
Region V ...............................................................
Ohio................................................................
Indiana............................................................
Illinois.............................................................
M ichigan.........................................................
W isconsin.......................................................
Minnesota.......................................................
_
—
597.8
303.8
666.5
—
276.3
256.6
_
589.1
301.4
654.3
—
275.8
246.2
613.1
308.0
680.9
—
276.9
263.8
—
632.2
332.5
717.2
—
288.6
276.0
2,944.0
667.5
349.1
728.0
608.4
298.2
292.8
2,995.6
673.9
353.9
745.1
622.9
305.4
294.4
Region V I .................................................. ............
Arkansas.........................................................
Louisiana........................................................
O klahom a.......................................................
T e x a s .............................................................
New M e x ic o ...................................................
1,332.1
108.5
227.9
184.9
714.8
96.0
1,380.3
1,735.3
139.2
290.6
225.8
958.7
Region V II.............................................................
Iowa................................................................
Missouri...........................................................
N eb raska........................................................
K a n sas............................................................
_
626.4
323.3
714.5
—
285.4 <
»
271.4
1 1 1 .0
2 1 2 .0
291.2
266.3
163.9
_
642.3
342.0
717.8
—
287.1
286.3
1 2 0 .2
233.2
192.2
745.3
99.5
1,434.7
115.6
241.6
199.0
776.0
102.5
1,496.5
120.9
248.7
206.3
815.8
104.8
1,540.3
125.3
253.0
207.0
847.0
108.0
1,584.9
128.6
257.4
212.4
875.5
1 1 1 .0
1,674.9
135.9
280.3
218.4
923.7
116.6
754.8
180.2
297.5
114.3
162.8
773.1
182.8
306.9
116.9
166.5
785.0
186.7
312.9
121.4
164.0
801.4
192.0
316.0
124.7
168.7
809.4
197.0
316.5
124.3
171.6
830.1
202.5
321.5
129.2
176.9
854.1
208.2
335.6
130.3
180.0
853.7
205.5
339.2
127.0
182.0
Region VIII............................................................
North Dakota..................................................
South D akota.................................................
Montana..........................................................
Wyoming.........................................................
C olorado.........................................................
Utah................................................................
487.2
51.3
53.7
55.4
30.5
190.8
105.5
495.6
52.2
53.8
55.4
31.3
197.2
105.7
511.0
53.3
54.9
58.2
32.4
204.0
108.2
536.5
54.5
55.7
64.9
34.5
216.6
1m 3
545.6
56.2
55.9
65.7
36.1
219.5
559.0
57.5
56.6
70.0
38.0
221.1
583.9
60.0
58.1
71.7
39.1
234.0
1 1 2 .2
115.8
1 2 1 .0
588.3
60.7
58.1
70.1
39.6
236.1
123.7
Region I X ..............................................................
Arizona...........................................................
Nevada............................................................
California.........................................................
H aw aii............................................................
1,750.9
139.2
39.7
1,492.6
79.4
1,791.8
147.6
41.4
1,524.8
78.0
1,868.7
161.0
43.0
1,585.9
78.8
1,967.9
169.7
45.6
1,670.6
82.0
2,003.9
177.3
46.8
1,695.0
84.8
2,055.8
181.9
49.2
1,739.0
85.7
2,084.5
194.8
52.2
1,750.4
87.1
2,067.5
197.5
54.7
1,728.8
86.5
Region X ...............................................................
Idaho.................................................. ............
W ashington....................................................
O regon...........................................................
A la sk a ............................................................
511.2
54.5
258.7
157.5
40.5
517.0
56.2
259.0
160.3
41.5
541.3
59.7
269.3
168.5
43.8
567.6
62.3
280.5
177.1
47.7
579.1
64.5
284.8
181.6
48.2
599.1
67.3
294.9
186.8
50.1
626.5
69.8
308.0
197.1
51.6
640.1
69.5
316.5
199.3
54.8
110.1
1Data are not strictly comparable with prior years.
2 For the years 1956-69, Federal employment in the Maryland and Virgin
ia sectors of the Washington, D.C., Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area
(SMSA) is not included in data for Maryland, Virginia, or the District of
Columbia.
3 Prior to 1970, Federal employment in the Maryland and Virginia sectors
of the Washington, D.C., S M S A is not included in data for Maryland and
Virginia.
4 Beginning in 1956, Federal employment in the Maryland and Virginia
169
1 2 1 .0
sectors of the Washington, D.C., S M S A is not included in data for the Dis
trict of Columbia.
5 Beginning with this year, data are based on the 1972 S ta n d a rd In d u stria l
C la s s ific a tio n M a n u a l.
6 Beginning in 1960, data include Hawaii.
7 Beginning in 1960, data include Alaska.
No te : Dashes indicate no data are available. Data are based on the
1972 SIC Manual unless otherwise noted.
Table 82. Labor turnover rates of employees on manufacturing payrolls, selected years,
1930-79
[Per 100 employees]
Accession rates
Separation rates
Year
Total
New hires
1930..........................................
1935..........................................
1940..........................................
1945..........................................
1950..........................................
1955..........................................
3.8
5.1
5.4
7.7
5.3
4.5
1960..........................................
1961..........................................
1962..........................................
1963..........................................
1964..........................................
Quits
Total
Layoffs
3.0
5.9
4.3
4.0
9.6
4.1
3.9
1.9
1.1
1 1.1
6.1
2.3
1.9
3.6
3.0
2.6
2.6
1.3
1.5
3.8
4.1
4.1
3.9
4.0
2.2
2.2
2.5
2.4
2.6
4.3
4.0
4.1
3.9
3.9
1.3
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.5
2.4
2.2
2.0
1.8
1.7
1965..........................................
1966..........................................
1967..........................................
1968..........................................
1969..........................................
4.3
5.0
4.4
4.6
4.7
3.1
3.8
3.3
3.5
3.7
4.1
4.6
4.6
4.6
4.9
1.9
2.6
2.3
2.5
2.7
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.2
1.2
1970..........................................
1971..........................................
1972..........................................
1973..........................................
1974..........................................
4.0
3.9
4.5
4.8
4.2
2.8
2.6
4.8
4.2
4.3
4.7
4.9
2.1
1.8
2.3
2.8
2.4
1.8
1.6
1975..........................................
1976..........................................
1977..........................................
1978..........................................
1979..........................................
3.7
3.9
4.0
4.1
3.9
4.2
3.8
3.8
3.8
4.0
1.4
1.7
1.8
2.1
2.1
—
—
—
—
3 .3
3.9
3.2
2 .0
2.6
2.8
3.1
2.9
1 Quits include miscellaneous separations prior to 1 9 4 0 .
t e :
Data include Alaska and Hawai^ beginning in 1 9 5 9 .
1.5
1.3
1.1
.9
1.1
Annual rates are averages of 12 monthly observations. Dash indicates data are not available.
No
2 .0
1.1
.9
170
Table 83. Labor turnover rates of employees on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group,
1958-79
[Per 100 employees]
Durable goods
Category and year
Total
Lumber
and
wood
prod
ucts
Furni
ture
and
fixtures
Stone,
clay, and
glass
products
Primary
metal
industries
Fabri
cated
metal
prod
ucts
Ma
chinery,
except
electri
cal
Electric
and
electron
ic
equip
ment
Trans
portation
equip
ment
Instruments
and related
products
M iscella
neous
manufac
turing
industries
ACCESSIO N S
Total
1 9 5 8 ......................................
1959 1....................................
3.5
4.2
5.3
6.1
3.8
4.5
3.6
4.0
2.8
3.1
3.3
4.2
2.8
3.6
3.3
4.0
4.2
4.8
2.0
2.9
4.6
5.5
1 9 6 0 ......................................
1 9 6 1 ......................................
1 9 6 2 ......................................
1 9 6 3 ......................................
1 9 6 4 ......................................
3.5
3.9
3.8
3.6
3.7
5.3
5.8
6.1
6.2
5.8
3.9
4.1
4.5
4.4
4.8
3.4
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.8
2.4
3.4
2.8
3.0
3.0
4.3
4.2
4.3
4.3
4.6
2.9
3.1
3.0
2.8
3.0
3.2
3.6
3.6
3.1
3.3
4.4
4.7
4.7
4.0
4.1
2.4
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.8
5.3
5.6
5.6
5.4
5.7
1 9 6 5 ......................................
1 9 6 6 ......................................
1 9 6 7 ......................................
1 9 6 8 ......................................
1 9 6 9 ......................................
4.1
4.8
4.1
4.3
4.4
6.6
7.4
7.2
7.2
6.9
5.5
6.6
5.6
6.3
6.4
4.0
4.5
4.5
4.8
5.0
2.9
3.7
3.1
3.6
4.0
4.9
5.3
4.8
5.2
5.5
3.3
3.9
3.1
3.2
3.6 -
3.9
4.7
3.6
3.7
4.0
4.7
5.3
4.3
4.4
4.2
3.2
3.8
3.1
3.1
3.3
6.3
6.9
5.9
6.1
6.4
1 9 7 0 ......................................
1 9 7 1 ......................................
1 9 7 2 ......................................
1 9 7 3 ......................................
1 9 7 4 ......................................
3.5
3.5
4.1
4.5
3.8
5.8
6.2
6.7
7.1
5.9
4.9
5.3
6.3
6.9
5.6
4.3
4.0
4.7
5.1
4.3
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.5
2.9
4.5
4.2
4.7
5.7
4.6
2.6
2.4
3.2
3.6
3.2
3.1
2.9
3.6
4.2
3.2
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.7
3.8
2.6
2.6
3.3
3.6
3.1
5.6
5.5
6.4
6.4
5.7
1 9 7 5 ......................................
1 9 7 6 ......................................
1 9 7 7 ......................................
1 9 7 8 ......................................
1 9 7 9 ......................................
3.3
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.6
5.8
6.1
6.3
6.0
5.5
5.0
5.4
5.6
5.8
5.1
3.8
4.0
4.5
4.1
4.1
2.7
3.0
3.0
2.9
2.6
3.5
3.9
4.6
4.7
4.5
2.2
2.6
2.9
3.0
2.9
2.7
3.2
3.2
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.4
2.2
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.9
5.1
5.4
5.3
5.8
5.4
1 9 5 8 ......................................
1959 1....................................
1.5
2.5
3.2
4.7
2.2
3.4
1.7
2.6
0.6
1.7
2.1
2.9
1.1
2.3
1.5
2.6
1.4
1.8
1.2
2.3
2.3
3.5
1 9 6 0 ......................................
1 9 6 1 ......................................
1 9 6 2 ......................................
1 9 6 3 ......................................
1 9 6 4 ......................................
1.9
1.9
2.3
2.1
2.4
3.8
3.7
4.4
4.7
4.6
2.8
2.8
3.5
3.5
3.9
2.0
1.8
2.2
2.3
2.4
.8
.9
1.1
1.2
1.8
2.8
2.7
3.0
3.0
3.4
1.7
1.6
2.0
1.9
2.2
2.0
2.1
2.4
1.9
2.1
1.7
T.6
2.1
1.9
2.2
1.7
1.7
2.0
1.9
1.9
3.4
3.6
3.8
3.4
3.8
1 9 6 5 ......................................
1 9 6 6 ......................................
196 7 ......................................
1 9 6 8 ......................................
1 9 6 9 ......................................
3.0
3.8
3.0
3.2
3.4
5.3
6.4
5.9
6.2
6.0
4.6
5.9
4.7
5.6
5.7
2.7
3.5
3.3
3.7
4.1
2.0
2.7
2.0
2.5
3.0
4.0
4.7
4.0
4.5
4.9
2.6
3.3
2.4
2.4
2.9
2.9
3.8
2.5
2.7
3.1
2.8
3.4
2.7
2.8
2.7
2.6
3.4
2.7
2.6
2.8
4.5
5.5
4.5
4.8
5.1
1 9 7 0 ......................................
1971 ......................................
1 9 7 2 ......................................
1 9 7 3 ......................................
1 9 7 4 ......................................
2.3
2.2
3.0
3.7
2.9
4.7
5.0
5.8
6.2
4.9
3.9
4.4
5.6
6.3
4.8
3.1
2.8
3.6
4.3
3.4
1.9
1.5
1.9
2.8
2.2
3.8
3.2
3.8
5.0
4.0
1.7
1.4
2.4
3.1
2.7
2.0
1.6
2.6
3.4
2.4
1.8
1.8
2.2
2.6
2.1
1.9
1.8
2.6
3.1
2.6
4.0
4.0
5.0
5.3
4.6
1 9 7 5 ......................................
1 9 7 6 ......................................
1 9 7 7 ......................................
1 9 7 8 ......................................
1 9 7 9 ......................................
1.6
2.3
2.6
2.8
2.7
3.8
4.9
5.2
5.1
4.5
3.1
4.2
4.6
5.2
4.3
2.0
2.5
2.9
3.1
3.0
.8
1.2
1.6
1.8
1.7
2.6
2.9
3.6
3.9
3.7
1.2
1.7
2.1
2.4
2.4
1.1
2.0
2.2
2.6
2.5
1.1
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.0
1.4
2.0
2.1
2.4
2.4
3.0
4.0
3.9
4.5
4.2
NEW HIRES
See footnotes at end of table
171
Table 83. Labor turnover rates of employees on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group,
1958-79— Continued
[Per 100 employees]
Durable goods
Category and year
Total
Lumber
and
wood
prod
ucts
Furni
ture
and
fixtures
Stone,
clay, and
glass
products
Primary
metal
industries
Fabri
cated
metal
prod
ucts
Ma
chinery,
except
electri
cal
Electric
and
electron
ic
equip
ment
Trans
portation
equip
ment
Instruments
and related
products
M iscella
neous
manufac
turing
industnes
SE P A R A T IO N S
Total
1 9 5 8 ......................................
1959 1....................................
4.1
4.0
5.5
6.0
4.2
4.4
3.9
3.8
3.4
2.5
4.2
4.6
3.6
3.1
3.5
3.2
5.3
5.5
2.5
2.4
5.2
5.3
1 9 6 0 ......................................
1 9 6 1 ......................................
1 9 6 2 ......................................
1 9 6 3 ......................... .............
1 9 6 4 ......................................
4.3
3.9
3.8
3.6
3.6
6.8
6.0
6.3
6.2
6.2
4.6
4.3
4.6
4.4
4.6
4.1
3.8
4.1
3.8
3.7
4.0
2.8
3.3
2.8
2.3
4.6
4.6
4.5
4.5
4.3
3.5
3.2
2.8
2.7
2.6
3.5
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.2
5.2
5.0
4.6
4.1
4.1
2.7
2.5
2.6
2.7
2.7
5.8
5.8
6.0
5.5
5.7
1 9 6 5 ......................................
196 6 ......................................
1 9 6 7 ......................................
1 9 6 8 ......................................
1 9 6 9 ......................................
3.8
4.4
4.3
4.4
4.6
6.7
8.0
7.4
7.2
7.5
5.1
6.3
5.8
6.0
6.5
3.9
4.6
4.7
4.6
5.0
3.0
3.4
3.7
3.8
4.6
5.1
4.9
5.1
5.5
2.8
3.4
3.3
3.4
3.5
3.1
3.8
4.0
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.9
4.7
4.6
5.0
2.7
3.1
3.0
3.0
3.4
5.9
6.8
6.3
6.2
6.7
1 9 7 0 ......................................
1 9 7 1 ......................................
1 9 7 2 ......................................
1 9 7 3 ......................................
1 9 7 4 ......................................
4.7
3.9
3.8
4.2
4.5
6.7
5.9
6.5
7.3
7.6
5.7
5.2
5.9
6.9
6.9
4.8
4.2
4.4
4.9
5.2
4.1
3.9
2.8
3.1
3.4
5.0
4.4
4.5
5.3
4.9
3.7
2.9
2.8
3.0
3.2
4.4
3.3
3.3
3.8
4.1
5.5
4.3
3.8
3.7
4.8
3.4
2.7
2.8
3.1
3.2
6.6
5.6
6.0
6.4
6.6
1 9 7 5 ......................................
1 9 7 6 ......................................
1 9 7 7 ......................................
1 9 7 8 .......... ...........................
1 9 7 9 ......................................
4.0
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.6
5.9
5.8
5.9
5.9
6.1
5.3
5.3
5.2
5.7
5.3
4.6
3.9
4.1
4.0
4.2
3.9
2.8
2.9
2.5
2.9
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.5
4.5
3.1
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.6
3.5
3.0
2.9
3.2
3.2
4.1
3.1
3.1
3.0
3.5
2.6
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.6
5.7
5.3
5.4
5.8
5.8
1 9 5 8 ......................................
1959 1....................................
0.9
1.3
1.9
2.9
1.3
1.9
1.0
1.4
0.4
.8
1.0
1.4
0.7
1.1
1.0
1.4
0.9
1.1
0.8
1.3
1.3
1.9
1 9 6 0 ......................................
1 9 6 1 ......................................
1 9 6 2 ......................................
1 9 6 3 ......................................
1 9 6 4 ......................................
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.3
2.6
2.1
2.7
3.0
3.1
1.7
1.5
2.1
2.1
2.4
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.3
.6
.5
.6
.6
.9
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.6
.9
.8
1.0
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.2
.9
.8
1.0
.9
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.2
1.9
1.8
2.0
1.8
2.0
1 9 6 5 ......................................
1 9 6 6 ......................................
1 9 6 7 ......................................
1 9 6 8 ......................................
1 9 6 9 ......................................
1.7
2.4
2.1
2.2
2.5
3.8
5.0
4.6
4.7
5.0
3.1
4.3
3.7
4.1
4.5
1.7
2.4
2.3
2.6
3.0
1.2
1.7
1.4
1.7
2.0
2.2
2.9
2.7
2.9
3.2
1.4
1.9
1.7
1.7
1.9
1.6
2.3
2.0
2.0
2.3
1.3
1.9
1.7
1.8
1.9
1.4
1.9
1.8
1.8
2.0
2.6
3.6
3.2
3.3
3.6
1 9 7 0 ......................................
1971 ......................................
1 9 7 2 ......................................
1 9 7 3 ......................................
1 9 7 4 ......................................
1.8
1.5
1.9
2.4
2.1
3.7
3.5
4.4
4.9
4.2
3.2
3.0
4.0
4.8
4.1
2.3
1.9
2.4
3.0
2.5
1.4
1.0
1.1
1.6
1.4
2.4
1.9
2.4
3.2
2.7
1.3
1.0
1.3
1.8
1.6
1.7
1.2
1.7
2.3
1.9
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.2
1.6
1.9
1.8
2.9
2.4
3.1
3.6
3.1
1 9 7 5 ......................................
1 9 7 6 ......................................
1 9 7 7 ......................................
1 9 7 8 ......................................
1 9 7 9 ......................................
1.1
1.4
1.5
1.8
1.7
2.6
3.3
3.6
3.8
3.5
2.1
3.0
3.2
3.8
3.2
1.4
1.5
1.8
2.0
2.0
.6
.7
.8
1.0
1.0
1.5
1.8
2.1
2.6
2.5
.9
1.0
1.1
1.3
1.4
.9
1.2
1.3
1.6
1.7
.8
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.5
1.6
1.8
2.4
2.5
2.9
2.8
32.
QUITS
See footnotes at end of table.
172
Table 83. Labor turnover rates of employees on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group,
1958-79— Continued
[Per 100 employees]
Durable goods
Category and year
Total
Lumber
and
wood
prod
ucts
Furni
ture
and
fixtures
Stone,
clay, and
glass
products
Primary
metal
industries
Fabri
cated
metal
prod
ucts
M a
chinery,
except
electri
cal
Electric
and
electron
ic
equip
ment
Trans
portation
equip
ment
Instruments
and related
products
M iscella
neous
manufac
turing
industries
L A Y O FF S
1 9 5 8 .....................................
1959 1...................................
2.7
2.0
2.6
2.1
2.4
1.8
2.4
1.8
2.6
1.1
2.7
2.5
2.5
1.4
2.1
1.2
3.9
3.8
1.3
.6
3.4
2.7
1 9 6 0 .....................................
1961 .....................................
1 9 6 2 .....................................
1963 .................................... .
1 9 6 4 .....................................
2.5
2.2
1.9
1.7
1.5
3.1
2.8
2.4
2.0
1.9
2.1
2.1
1.8
1.6
1.3
2.4
2.2
2.2
1.9
1.7
2.9
1.7
2.1
1.5
.8
2.7
2.7
2.4
2.3
1.8
1.9
1.7
1.2
1.1
.8
1.6
1.4
1.1
1.4
1.2
3.6
3.6
2.8
2.4
2.3
1.1
.9
.7
.9
.9
3.2
3.2
3.1
2.9
2.8
1 9 6 5 .....................................
1 9 6 6 .....................................
1967 .....................................
1 9 6 8 .....................................
1 9 6 9 .....................................
1.2
1.0
1.3
1.1
1.1
1.7
1.6
1.5
1.2
1.2
1.0
.8
1.1
.8
.7
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.1
1.0
1.0
.6
1.0
1.1
.6
1.5
1.1
1.3
1.1
1.0
.6
.5
.8
.8
.6
.8
.5
1.1
.8
.8
2.2
2.1
2.2
1.9
2.1
.6
.4
.5
.5
.5
2.3
2.1
2.1
1.9
2.0
1 9 7 0 .....................................
1971 .....................................
1 9 7 2 .....................................
1973 .....................................
1 9 7 4 .....................................
2.0
1.6
1.0
.8
1.5
1.8
1.3
1.0
1.2
2.3
1.4
1.1
.7
.7
1.6
1.6
1.5
1.1
.9
1.7
1.6
2.0
.7
.4
.9
1.5
1.6
1.2
1.0
1.2
1.6
1.2
.6
.4
.6
1.7
1.2
.7
.5
1.3
3.3
2.4
1.7
1.3
2.5
1.1
.8
.5
.4
.6
2.6
2.1
1.8
1.6
2.3
197 5 .....................................
1 9 7 6 ...................................
1 9 7 7 .....................................
1 9 7 8 .....................................
1 9 7 9 .....................................
2.1
1.1
1.0
.7
1.0
2.4
1.4
1.1
.9
1.4
2.3
1.2
1.0
.7
.9
2.4
1.5
1.4
t.O
1.3
2.5
1.3
1.2
.6
1.0
1.8
1.6
1.3
1.0
1.0
1.5
.8
.7
.4
.5
1.8
.9
.7
.6
.6
2.5
1.3.
1.1
1.0
1.6
1.0
.5
.4
.3
.4
3.0
1.8
1.9
1.7
1.8
-
Nondurable goods
Total
Food
and
kindred
prod
ucts
Tobacco
manufac
tures
Textile
mill
prod
ucts
Apparel
and
other
textile
prod
ucts
1 9 5 8 ......................................
1959 1....................................
3.8
4.3
5.6
6.2
5.6
5.4
3.2
3.5
5.2
5.7
2.4
2.8
2.5
3.0
1.8
2.2
0.9
1.3
3.4
3.6
4.2
4.8
1 9 6 0 ......................................
1961 ......................................
1 9 6 2 ................................... .
1 9 6 3 ......................................
1 9 6 4 ......................................
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.2
4.3
6.0
6.0
6.4
5.9
6.1
5.4
5.9
6.4
6.6
6.8
3.2
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.8
5.4
5.7
5.5
5.3
5.5
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.6
2.8
3.0
2.9
3.0
2.9
3.1
2.0
2.1
2.1
2.1
2.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.6
1.6
3.1
3.9
3.8
3.6
3.9
4.8
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.1
1965.:................................... .
1 9 6 6 ......................................
1 9 6 7 ......................................
1 9 6 8 ......................................
1 9 6 9 ...................................
4.6
5.2
4.9
5.1
5.2
6.1
6.9
6.7
7.0
7.2
6.1
6.5
6.6
6.0
6.0
4.3
5.1
4.9
5.3
5.5
5.8
6.1
5.6
5.6
5.6
3.2
4.0
3.7
4.1
4.3
3.2
3.8
3.6
3.6
3.8
2.4
2.9
2.6
2.8
2.7
1.8
2.1
2.3
2.4
2.6
4.4
5.5
5.0
5.3
5.7
5.4
6.3
5.9
6.2
6.3
1970 ......................................
1971 ......................................
19 7 2 ......................................
1973 ......................................
1 9 7 4 ......................................
4.6
4.3
4.9
5.4
4.7
6.7
6.1
6.9
7.3
6.8
5.0
5.2
4.3
5.0
4.4
4.9
5.1
6.1
6.8
5.4
5.4
5.3
5.9
6.4
5.7
3.2
2.8
3.2
3.5
3.1
3.2
2.8
3.2
3.3
3.1
2.2
1.9
2.1
2.4
2.3
2.3
1.9
1.9
2.3
2.3
4.7
4.2
5.2
5.8
4.9
5.8
5.8
6.8
7.7
7.0
1975 ......................................
1 9 7 6 ......................................
1977 ......................................
1978 ......................................
1 9 7 9 ......................................
4.3
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.5
6.2
6.4
6.5
6.4
6.6
4.2
4.0
3.0
3.4
3.7
4.5
4.7
4.5
4.6
4.6
5.7
5.7
5.7
5.6
5.5
2.9
2.8
2.8
2.9
2.8
2.4
3.0
3.2
3.5
3.6
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.8
1.8
1.7
2.0
2.2
2.2
2.4
4.3
4.7
4.6
5.0
4.8
6.8
6.6
6.9
7.3
6.9
Paper
and
allied
prod
ucts
Printing
and
publish
ing
Chem i
cals and
allied
products
Petro
leum and
coal
products
Rubber and
miscella
neous
plastics
products
Leather
and
leather
products
ACCESSIO N S
Total
See footnote at end of table.
.173
Table 83. Labor turnover rates of employees on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group,
1958-79— Continued
[Per 100 employees]
Nondurable goods
Category and year
Total
Food
and
kindred
prod
ucts
Tobacco
manufac
tures
Textile
mill
prod
ucts
Apparel
and
other
textile
prod
ucts
Paper
and
allied
prod
ucts
Printing
and
publish
ing
Chemi
cals and
allied
products
Petro
leum and
coal
products
Rubber and
miscella
neous
plastics
products
Leather
and
leather
products
NEW HIRES
1 9 5 8 ......................................
1959 1....................................
2.0
2.8
2.7
3.6
2.0
2.9
1.6
2.4
2.5
3.6
1.5
2.1
1.8
2.4
1.0
1.6
0.6
.8
1.3
2.4
2.2
3.1
1 9 6 0 ......................................
19 6 1 ......................................
1 9 6 2 ......................................
196 3 ......................................
19 6 4 ......................................
2.6
2.5
2.8
2.7
2.8
3.5
3.4
3.8
3.6
3.8
2.8
3.1
3.1
3.8
3.7
2.0
2.2
2.5
2.5
2.7
3.2
3.1
3.5
3.3
3.3
1.8
1.7
1.8
1.8
2.0
2.4
2.1
2.3
2.2
2.4
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.6
.8
.9
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.7
2.0
2.4
2.3
2.6
2.9
2.8
3.1
3.2
3.4
1 9 6 5 ......................................
1 9 6 6 ......................................
1 9 6 7 ......................................
1 9 6 8 ......................................
1 9 6 9 ......................................
3.2
4.0
3.6
3.9
4.0
4.1
5.0
4.9
5.1
5.4
3.3
3.8
4.1
3.9
4.1
3.3
4.1
3.8
4.3
4.4
3.7
4.2
3.7
3.8
3.8
2.5
3.5
3.1
3.5
3.7
2.6
3.2
2.9
3.0
3.3
1.9
2.4
2.1
2.3
2.3
1.4
1.7
2.0
2.1
2.2
3.4
4.6
4.0
4.3
4.7
3.9
4.8
4.2
4.7
4.5
1 9 7 0 ......................................
1 9 7 1 ......................................
1 9 7 2 ......................................
1 9 7 3 ......................................
1 9 7 4 ......................................
3.4
3.0
3.7
4.3
3.6
4.8
4.1
4.8
5.5
5.0
3.5
3.2
2.8
3.5
2.8
3.7
3.9
5.0
5.7
4.3
3.5
3.5
4.3
4.8
4.0
2.6
2.0
2.5
3.0
2.5
2.6
2.1
2.6
2.8
2.6
1.7
1.3
1.6
2.0
1.8
2.0
1.5
1.5
2.0
2.0
3.4
3.0
4.2
5.0
3.9
4.1
4.0
5.0
6.0
5.2
197 5 ......................................
1 9 7 6 ......................................
197 7 ......................................
1 9 7 8 ......................................
197 9 ......................................
2.7
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.3
4.1
4.3
4.5
4.6
4.7
2.5
1.8
1.4
1.6
1.5
3.0
3.6
3.6
3.8
3.6
3.4
3.8
3.8
3.9
3.7
1.4
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.1
1.8
2.3
2.6
3.0
3.0
1.1
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.5
1.7
1.7
2.0
2.2
3.5
3.6
4.0
3.8
4.4
4.6
4.9
5.3
4.8
1 9 5 8 ......................................
1959 1....................................
4.1
4.2
5.8
6.1
6.1
5.0
3.5
3.5
5.7
5.6
2.5
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.2
2.0
1.5
1.4
3.6
3.4
4.5
4.7
1 9 6 0 ......................................
1 9 6 1 ......................................
1 9 6 2 ......................................
1 9 6 3 ......................................
196 4 ......................................
4.4
4.2
4.4
4.3
4.3
6.0
6.0
6.3
6.0
6.0
5.7
5.7
6.6
6.3
6.8
3.7
3.4
3.7
3.8
3.8
6.1
5.8
5.8
5.5
5.6
2.9
2.7
2.8
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.0
2.1
2.0
2.1
2.0
2.0
1.6
1.7
1.8
2.0
1.8
4.0
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.8
5.0
5.0
5.2
5.0
5.0
1 9 6 5 ......................................
19 6 6 ......................................
1 9 6 7 ......................................
1 9 6 8 ......................................
1 9 6 9 ......................................
4.4
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.3
6.1
6.8
6.7
6.8
7.2
6.4
6.1
6.3
6.1
6.1
4.1
5.1
5.0
5.1
5.6
5.8
6.1
6.0
5.7
6.0
3.1
3.8
3.8
3.9
4.3
3.1
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.7
2.2
2.5
2.5
2.6
2.8
1.9
2.1
2.2
2.4
2.6
4.2
5.0
5.2
5.1
5.8
5.3
6.4
6.1
6.2
6.9
1 9 7 0 ......................................
1971 ......................................
1 9 7 2 ......................................
1 9 7 3 ......................................
1 9 7 4 ......................................
5.0
4.6
4.9
5.4
5.4
6.8
6.4
6.9
7.3
7.1
4.9
5.1
4.2
4.6
4.9
5.5
5.3
5.9
6.8
6.6
6.1
5.7
6.0
6.7
6.8
3.7
3.1
3.2
3.5
3.7
3.4
3.0
3.2
3.3
3.3
2.5
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.3
5.6
4.2
4.7
5.6
5.9
6.5
6.3
6.9
8.0
8.1
1 9 7 5 ......................................
1 9 7 6 ......................................
1 9 7 7 ......................................
1 9 7 8 ......................................
1 9 7 9 ......................................
4.5
4.5
4.4
4.5
4.6
6.3
6.3
6.4
6.3
6.5
4.1
3.3
3.2
3.5
3.8
4.7
4.8
4.6
4.7
4.8
6.1
6.1
6.0
5.8
6.0
3.5
2.8
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.2
3.4
2.1
1.8
1.7
1.7
1.7
1.9
2.0
2.2
2.1
2.1
4.7
4.3
4.4
4.8
5.2
6.8
7.2
7.1
7.6
7.6
SEPARATIO N S
Total
See footnotes at end of table
174
Table 83. Labor turnover rates of employees on manufacturing payrolls by major industry group,
1958-79—Continued
[Per 100 employees]
Nondurable goods
Category and year
Total
Food
and
kindred
prod
ucts
Tobacco
manufac
tures
Textile
mill
prod
ucts
Apparel
and
other
textile
prod
ucts
Paper
and
allied
prod
ucts
Printing
and
publish
ing
Chemi
cals and
allied
products
Petro
leum and
coal
products
Rubber and
miscella
neous
plastics
products
Leather
and
leather
products
QUITS
1 9 5 8 ......................................
1959 1....................................
1.2
1.7
1.4
1.9
1.0
1.1
1.3
1.7
1.7
2.3
0.9
1.3
1.2
1.5
0.6
.8
0.4
.5
0.8
1.3
1.6
2.2
1 9 6 0 ......................................
1 9 6 1 ......................................
1 9 6 2 ......................................
1 9 6 3 .......... ...........................
1 9 6 4 ......................................
1.6
1.5
1.7
1.6
1.7
1.8
1.6
1.9
1.8
2.0
1.0
.9
.9
.9
1.3
1.6
1.6
1.9
1.9
2.1
2.3
2.0
2.3
2.2
2.2
1.2
1.0
1.1
1.1
1.3
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.5
.8
.7
.8
.8
.8
.5
.5
.7
.7
.6
1.2
1.2
1.5
1.4
1.5
2.2
2.0
2.3
2.3
2.4
1 9 6 5 ......................................
1 9 6 6 ......................................
1 9 6 7 ......................................
1 9 6 8 ......................................
1 9 6 9 ......................................
2.1
2.8
2.7
2.8
3.1
2.4
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.8
1.5
1.9
2.1
2.1
2.3
2.5
3.5
3.4
3.6
3.9
2.6
3.3
2.9
2.9
3.1
1.7
2.4
2.3
2.5
2.7
1.7
2.2
2.1
2.2
2.4
1.0
1.4
1.3
1.5
1.6
.7
.9
1.0
1.2
1.3
2.1
3.1
2.9
3.1
3.6
3.0
4.1
3.6
3.9
4.0
1 9 7 0 ......................................
1 9 7 1 ......................................
1 9 7 2 ........................ .............
1 9 7 3 ......................................
1 9 7 4 ......................................
2.6
2.2
2.7
3.3
2.8
3.2
2.8
3.2
4.0
3.5
2.0
1.6
1.7
2.1
1.8
3.5
3.4
4.3
5.1
4.1
2.9
2.8
3.5
4.1
3.5
2.0
1.5
1.8
2.1
1.9
2.0
1.6
1.8
2.1
2.0
1.2
.9
1.0
1.2
1.1
1.1
.8
.8
1.0
.9
2.6
2.1
2.8
3.7
3.1
3.5
3.1
4.1
5.2
4.6
1 9 7 5 ......................................
1 9 7 6 ......................................
1 9 7 7 ......................................
1 9 7 8 ......................................
19 7 9 ......................................
1.8
2.2
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.4
2.7
3.0
3.3
3.3
1.1
.9
.8
1.0
.9
2.3
2.9
2.8
3.1
3.0
2.5
3.0
3.2
3.3
3.2
1.0
1.2
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.6
1.8
2.1
2.2
.6
.7
.7
.8
.8
.6
.6
.8
.9
.9
1.5
2.2
2.4
2.8
2.8
3.1
3.7
4.0
4.5
4.2
1 9 5 8 ......................................
1959 1....................................
2.5
2.0
3.9
3.6
4.7
3.6
1.8
1.3
3.5
2.7
1.3
.9
1.0
.9
1.3
.8
0.6
.5
2.3
1.5
2.4
1.8
1 9 6 0 ......................................
1 9 6 1 ......................................
1 9 6 2 ......................................
1 9 6 3 ......................................
1 9 6 4 ......................................
2.2
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.9
3.6
3.9
3.7
3.6
3.3
4.2
4.4
5.3
5.0
4.9
1.5
1.3
1.2
1.2
1.1
3.2
3.1
2.7
2.6
2.6
1.2
1.1
1.0
1.0
.9
.9
1.0
1.0
1.0
1.0
.9
.9
.8
.8
.8
.6
.6
.6
.7
.7
2.2
1.8
1.5
1.6
1.5
2.1
2.2
2.1
2.0
1.8
1 9 6 5 ......................................
1 9 6 6 ......................................
1 9 6 7 ......................................
1 9 6 8 ......................................
1 9 6 9 ......................................
1.6
1.4
1.5
1.4
1.4
2.9
2.8
2.7
2.6
2.6
4.4
3.5
3.4
3.2
2.9
.8
.7
.8
.6
.7
2.4
2.0
2.3
2.1
2.0
.8
.5
.6
.5
.5
.9
.7
.7
.7
.5
.7
.6
.6
.4
.5
.6
.6
.6
.5
.4
1.2
.9
1.1
.9
1.0
1.5
1.4
1.6
1.3
1.8
1 9 7 0 ......................................
1 9 7 1 ......................................
1 9 7 2 ......................................
1 9 7 3 ......................................
1 9 7 4 ......................................
1.6
1.6
1.3
1.2
1.6
2.8
2.8
2.8
2.4
2.7
2.1
2.7
1.7
1.5
2.1
1.0
.9
.5
.5
1.3
2.4
2.1
1.6
1.6
2.4
.9
.9
.7
.6
1.0
.8
.8
.7
.6
.7
.7
.7
.5
.4
.6
.7
.6
.6
.6
.7
1.8
1.2
.8
.7
1.7
2.0
2.1
1.7
1.6
2.3
1 9 7 5 ......................................
1 9 7 6 ......................................
1 9 7 7 ......................................
1 9 7 8 ......................................
1 9 7 9 ......................................
2.0
1.5
1.4
1.2
1.3
3.1
2.7
2.6
2.2
2.3
2.2
1.8
1.7
1.6
2.1
1.5
1.0
.8
.7
.7
2.8
2.2
1.9
1.6
2.0
1.8
.9
.8
.6
.7
1.0
.8
.7
.6
.6
.9
.5
.4
.4
.3
.7
.7
.6
.6
.6
2.3
1.1
1.0
.9
1.2
2.6
2.3
2.0
1.9
2.3
L A Y O FF S
1 Beginning with Jan. 1959, transfers between establishments of the
same firm are included in total accessions and total separations.
N o t e : Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. Annual rates
are averages of 12 monthly observations.
175
Table 84. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, selected years, 1932-79
Manufacturing
Year
Total
private
Mining
Construc
tion
Total
Durable
goods
Nondura
ble goods
—
—
39.8
39.6
—
—
—
37.9
40.7
—
—
—
37.4
37.1
38.3
36.6
38.1
43.5
40.5
40.7
32.5
37.2
39.2
44.0
41.1
41.3
41.9
36.1
37.0
42.3
39.7
39.9
1960....................
1961....................
1962....................
1963....................
1964........... .........
38.6
38.6
38.7
38.8
38.7
40.4
40.5
41.0
41.6
41.9
36.7
36.9
37.0
37.3
37.2
39.7
39.8
40.4
40.5
40.7
40.1
40.3
40.9
41.1
41.5
39.2
39.3
39.7
39.6
39.7
1965....................
1966....................
1967....................
1968....................
1969....................
38.8
38.6
38.0
37.8
37.7
42.3
42.7
42.6
42.6
43.0
37.4
37.6
37.7
37.3
37.9
41.2
41.4
40.6
40.7
40.6
42.0
42.2
41.2
41.4
41.3
1970....................
1971....................
1972....................
1973....................
1974.................
37.1
36.9
37.0
36.9
36.5
42.7
42.4
42.6
42.4
41.9
37.3
37.2
36.5
36.8
36.6
39.8
39.9
40.5
40.7
40.0
1975,....................
1976....................
1977....................
1978....................
1979....................
36.1
36.1
36.0
35.8
35.7
41.9
42.4
43.4
43.3
43.0
36.4
36.8
36.5
36.8
36.9
39.5
40.1
40.3
40.4
40.2
1932....................
1935....................
1940....................
1945....................
1950....................
1955....................
—
Total
W hole
sale
Retail
Finance,
insur
ance,
and real
estate 2 „
Serv
ices
41.6
41.3
42.8
40.7
40.7
_
—
—
40.4
39.0
—
_
37.7
37.6
41.1
38.6
38.3
38.2
38.1
37.9
40.5
40.5
40.6
40.6
40.7
38.0
37.6
37.4
37.3
37.0
37.2
36.9
37.3
37.5
37.3
36.1
40.1
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.7
41.3
41.2
40.5
40.6
40.7
37.7
37.1
36.6
36.1
35.7
40.8
40.7
40.3
40.1
40.2
36.6
35.9
35.3
34.7
34.2
37.2
37.3
37.1
37.0
37.1
35.9
35.5
35.1
34.7
34.7
40.3
40.3
41.2
41.5
40.7 <
39.1
39.3
39.7
39.6
39.1
40.5
40.1
40.4
40.5
40.2
35.3
35.1
34.9
34.6
34.2
39.9
39.5
39.4
39.3
38.8
33.8
33.7
33.4
33.1
32.7
36.7
36.6
36.6
36.6
36.5
34.4
33.9
33.9
33.8
33.6
39.9
40.6
41.0
41.1
40.8
38.8
39.4
39.4
39.4
39.3
39.7
39.8
39.9
40.0
39.9
33.9
33.7
33.3
32.9
32.6
38.7
38.7
38.8
38.8
38.8
32.4
32.1
31.6
31.0
30.7
36.5
36.4
36.4
36.4
36.3
33.5
33.3
33.0
32.8
32.7
176
—
W holesale and retail trade
—
—
—
40.5
39.4
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to con*
struction workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in trans
portation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.
Transportation
and ,
public
utilities
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
2 Excludes data on nonoffice salespersons.
t e : Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1 9 5 9 . Dash indicates
data are not available.
No
Table 85. Average weekly hours of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by major industry
group, selected years, 1947-79
Durable goods
Year
Total
Lumber
and wood
products
Furniture
and
fixtures
Stone,
clay, and
glass
products
Primary
metal
products
Fabricated
metal
products
Machinery,
except
electrical
Electric
and
electronic
equipment
Transpor
tation
equipment
Instru
ments and
related
products
M iscella
neous
manufac
turing
industries
1947...............
1950...............
1955...............
40.5
41.1
41.3
40.3
39.5
39.5
41.5
41.8
41.4
41.0
41.1
41.4
39.9
40.9
41.3
40.9
41.5
41.7
41.5
41.9
42.0
40.3
41.1
40.7
39.7
41.4
42.3
40.4
41.3
40.9
40.5
40.8
40.3
1960...............
1961...............
1962................
1963................
1964................
40.1
40.3
40.9
41.1
41.5
39.0
39.5
39.8
40.1
40.4
40.0
40.0
40.7
40.9
41.2
40.6
40.7
41.0
41.4
41.7
39.0
39.5
40.2
41.0
41.7
40.5
40.5
41.1
41.3
41.7
41.0
41.0
41.7
41.8
42.4
39.8
40.2
40.6
40.3
40.5
40.7
40.5
42.0
42.0
42.1
40.4
40.7
40.9
40.8
40.8
39.3
39.5
39.7
39.6
39.6
1965................
1966................
1967................
1968................
1969................
42.0
42.2
41.2
41.4
41.3
40.9
40.8
40.2
40.6
40.2
41.5
41.5
40.4
40.6
40.4
42.0
42.0
41.6
41.8
41.9
42.1
42.1
41.1
41.6
41.8
42.1
42.4
41.5
41.7
41.6
41.0
43.8
42.6
42.1
42.5
41.0
41.2
40.2
40.3
40.4
42.9
42.6
41.4
42.2
41.5
41.4
42.1
41.2
40.5
40.7
39.9
40.0
39.4
39.4
39.0
1970................
1971................
1972................
1973................
1974................
40.3
40.3
41.2
41.5
40.7
39.5
39.8
40.4
39.9
39.2
39.2
39.8
40.2
40.0
39.1
41.2
41.6
42.1
41.9
41.3
40.4
40.1
41.4
42.3
41.6
40.7
40.4
41.2
41.6
40.8
41.1
40.6
42.1
42.8
42.1
39.8
39.9
40.4
40.4
39.7
40.3
40.7
41.7
42.1
40.5
40.2
39.8
40.6
40.9
40.4
38.7
38.9
39.5
39.0
38.7
1975................
1976................
1977................
1978................
1979................
39.9
40.6
41.0
41.1
40.8
38.7
39.9
39.8
39.8
39.5
38.0
38.8
39.0
39.3
38.6
40.4
41.1
41.3
41.6
41.5
40.0
40.8
41.3
41.8
41.4
40.1
40.8
41.0
41.0
40.8
40.8
41.2
41.5
42.0
41.8
39.5
40.0
40.4
40.3
40.3
40.4
41.7
42.5
42.2
41.2
39.5
40.3
40.6
40.9
40.8
38.5
38.8
38.8
38.8
38.9
Nondurable goods
Total
Food and
kindred
products
Tobacco
manufac
tures
Textile mill
products
Apparel
and other
textile
products
Paper and
allied
products
Printing
and
publishing
Chem icals
and allied
products
Petroleum
and coal
products
Rubber
and
miscella
neous,
plastics
products
Leather
and
leather
products
1947................
1950................
1955................
40.2
39.7
39.9
43.2
41.9
41.5
38.9
38.1
38.7
39.6
39.6
40.1
36.0
36.0
36.3
43.1
43.3
43.1
40.2
38.9
38.9
41.2
41.2
41.1
40.6
40.8
40.9
39.9
41.0
41.8
38.6
37.6
37.9
1960................
1961................
1962................
1963................
1964................
39.2
39.3
39.7
39.6
39.7
40.8
40.9
41.0
41.0
41.0
38.2
39.0
38.6
38.7
38.8
39.5
39.9
40.6
40.6
41.0
35.5
35.4
36.2
36.1
35.9
42.1
42.5
42.6
42.7
42.8
38.4
38.2
38.3
38.3
38.5
41.3
41.4
41.6
41.6
41.6
41.1
41.2
41.6
41.7
41.8
39.9
40.3
41.0
40.8
41.3
36.9
37.4
37.6
37.5
37.9
1965................
1966................
1967................
1968................
1969................
40.1
40.2
39.7
39.8
39.7
41.1
41.2
40.9
40.8
40.8
37.9
38.9
38.6
37.9
37.4
41.7
41.9
40.9
41.2
40.8
36.4
36.4
36.0
36.1
35.9
43.1
43.4
42.8
42.9
43.0
38.6
38.8
38.4
38.3
38.3
41.9
42.0
41.6
41.8
41.8
42.2
42.4
42.7
42.5
42.6
42.0
42.0
41.4
41.5
41.1
38.2
38.6
38.2
38.3
37.2
1970................
1971................
1972................
1973................
1974................
39.1
39.3
39.7
39.6
39.1
40.5
40.3
40.5
40.4
40.4
37.8
37.8
37.6
38.6
38.3
39.9
40.6
41.3
40.9
39.5
35.3
35.6
36.0
35.9
35.2
41.9
42.1
42.8
42.9
42.2
37.7
37.5
37.7
37.7
37.5
41.6
41.6
41.7
41.8
41.5
42.8
42.8
42.7
42.4
42.1
40.2
40.3
41.1
41.1
40.5
37.2
37.7
38.3
37.8
36.9
1975................
1976................
1977...............
1978...............
1979...............
38.8
39.4
39.4
39.4
39.3
40.3
40.5
40.0
39.7
39.9
38.2
37.5
37.8
38.1
38.0
39.3
40.1
40.4
40.4
40.3
35.2
35.8
35.6
35.6
35.2
41.6
42.5
42.9
42.9
42.6
36.9
37.5
37.7
37.6
37.5
41.0
41.6
41.7
41.9
41.8
41.2
42.1
42.7
43.6
43.8
39.9
40.7
41.0
40.9
40.5
37.1
37.4
36.9
37.1
36.5
No
t e :
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959.
177
Table 86. Average weekly overtime hours of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by major
industry group, selected years, 1956-79
Durable goods
Year
Manu
facturing
Total
Lumber
and
wood
prod
ucts
Furni
ture
and
fixtures
Stone,
clay, and
glass
products
Primary
metal
prod
ucts
Fabri
cated
metal
prod
ucts
Ma
chinery
except
electri
cal
Electric
and
electron
ic
equip
ment
Trans
portation
equip
ment
Instruments
and related
products
M iscella
neous
manufacturing
industries
1956....................
1960...................
1961....................
1962...................
1963....................
1964.....................
2.8
2.5
2.4
2.8
2.8
3.1
3.0
2.4
2.4
2.8
3.0
3.3
2.6
29
2.9
3.2
3.3
3.4
2.3
2.5
2.4
2.9
3.0
3.2
3.3
3 1
3.2
3.4
3.7
3.9
2.8
1.8
1.9
2.2
2.7
3.2
3.1
2.6
2.4
2.9
3.0
3.4
3.9
2.7
2.5
3.1
3.2
3.9
2.6
1.9
1.9
2.2
2.0
2.3
3.1
2.7
2.5
3.5
3.6
3.9
2.5
2.1
2.1
2.4
2.4
2.4
2.8
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.2
2.4
1965.....................
1966....................
1967....................
1968....................
1969....................
3.6
3.9
3.4
3.6
3.6
3.9
4.3
3.5
3.8
3.8
3.8
4.0
3.6
3.9
3.8
3.6
3.8
3.0
3.4
3.3
4.2
4.5
4.2
4.5
4.8
3.8
4.0
3.2
3.8
4.1
4.0
4.5
3.8
4.1
4.2
4.6
5.6
4.4
4.0
4.5
2.8
3.4
2.5
2.6
2.8
4.8
4.7
3.7
4.6
3.8
3.0
3.8
3.1
2.7
3.0
2.7
3.0
2.6
2.5
2.6
1970....................
1971....................
1972.....................
1973....................
1974....................
3.0
2.9
3.5
3.8
3.3
3.0
2.9
3.6
4.1
3.4
3.3
3.6
4.0
3.9
3.3
2.3
2.6
3.1
3.1
2.4
4.2
4.5
4.8
5.0
4.4
3.0
3.0
3.6
4.5
3.9
3.3
2.8
3.5
4.1
3.5
3.2
2.6
3.8
4.8
4.3
2.3
2.1
2.7
3.1
2.4
2.9
3.1
4.3
4.9
3.4
2.3
2.1
2.7
3.1
2.7
2.2
2.2
2.7
2.6
2.2
1975.....................
1976....................
1977....................
1978....................
1979.....................
2.6
3.1
3.5
3.6
3.3
2.6
3.2
3.7
3.8
3.5
2.9
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.5
1.8
2.0
2.4
2.7
2.2
3.7
4.1
4.6
4.8
4.5
2.6
3.3
3.7
4.2
3.9
2.6
3.2
3.6
3.8
3.4
3.0
3.3
4.0
4.3
4.0
1.9
2.3
2.6
2.8
2.7
2.8
4.2
5.0
5.0
4.2
1.8
2.3
2.4
2.6
2.5
1.9
2.2
2.2
2.4
2.2
Nondurable goods
Food and
kindred
products
Total
Tobacco
manufac
tures
Textile mill
products
Apparel
and other
textile
products
Paper and
allied
products
Printing
and
publishing
Chem icals
and allied
products
Petroleum
and coal
products
Rubber
and
miscella
neous,
plastics
products
Leather
and leather
products
1956....................
1960....................
1961....................
1962....................
1963....................
1964....................
2.4
2.5
2.5
2.7
2.7
2.9
3.1
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.6
1.3
1.0
1.1
1.0
1.1
1.6
2.6
2.6
2.7
3.2
3.2
3.6
1.0
1.2
1.1
1.3
1.3
1.3
4.5
4.1
4.2
4.4
4.5
4.7
3.1
2.9
2.7
2.8
2.7
2.9
2.1
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.5
2.7
2.2
2.0
2.0
2.3
2.3
2.5
2.1
2.4
2.7
3.1
3.0
3.5
1.4
1.2
1.4
1.4
1.4
1.7
1965....................
1966....................
1967....................
1968....................
1969....................
3.2
3.4
3.1
3.3
3.4
3.8
4.0
4.0
4.1
4.2
1.1
1.4
1.8
1.8
1.4
4.2
4.4
3.7
4.1
3.9
1.4
1.5
1.3
1.4
1.3
5.0
5.5
5.0
5.3
5.5
3.1
3.5
3.2
3.1
3.4
3.0
3.3
3.0
3.3
3.4
2.8
3.2
3.5
3.6
3.9
4.1
4.4
4.0
4.2
4.2
1.8
2.1
1.9
2.1
1.8
1970....................
1971....................
1972....................
1973....................
1974....................
3.0
3.0
3.3
3.4
3.0
4.0
3.8
4.0
4.1
4.1
1.7
1.7
1.6
2.4
2.1
3.3
3.8
4.5
4.4
3.3
1.1
1.2
1.5
1.5
1.2
4.6
4.6
4.9
5.2
4.6
2.8
2.6
2.9
3.0
2.7
3.1
3.1
3.2
3.5
3.3
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.9
3.3
3.2
4.0
4.2
3.5
1.7
1.9
2.3
2.1
1.8
1975....................
1976....................
1977....................
1978....................
1979....................
2.7
3.0
3.2
3.2
3.1
3.9
4.1
4.1
4.0
4.0
2.0
1.3
1.9
2.1
1.3
3.1
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.5
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.0
4.0
4.8
4.8
5.1
4.8
2.2
2.5
2.8
3.0
2.8
2.7
3.2
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.0
3.5
4.0
4.3
4.4
2.8
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.3
1.9
1.9
1.8
1.7
1.5
No
t e :
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959.
178
Table 87. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, selected years, 1947-79
[1967=100]
Service producing
G oods producing
Year
Total
private
194 7 ................
1 9 5 0 ................
1 9 5 5 .................
_
Manufacturing
Total
Mining
Con
struction
Total
Durable
goods
Nondur
able
goods
89.3
87.6
93.8
177.8
154.8
138.5
66.1
76.0
89.0
90.4
87.3
93.2
82.7
80.0
90.6
Private
101.5
97.9
96.9
Transportation
and
public
utilities
W holesale and retail trade
Total
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
Whole
sale
_
_
—
Retail
—
Finance,
insur
Services
ance,
and real
e sta te 2
—
—
—
_
_
—
—
—
—
92.3
__
_
_
—
—
—
93.4
—
—
—
93.2
—
—
—
88.3
—
196 0 ................
1 9 6 1 .................
1 9 6 2 ................J
19 6 3 .................
196 4 .................
—
—
—
91.4
87.3
84.2
87.7
88.7
90.8
115.3
107.9
105.0
103.7
104.2
88.8
86.8
89.5
92.5
95.0
86.1
82.9
86.8
87.5
89.6
81.9
77.4
82.4
83.9
86.8
92.2
90.9
93.3
92.7
93.7
—
—
—
91.8
—
—
—
95.2
1 9 6 5 .................
19 6 6 ................
19 6 7 ................
1 9 6 8 ................
1 9 6 9 ................
95.5
99.6
100.0
102.4
105.9
96.2
102.0
100.0
101.7
104.4
104.6
104.0
100.0
98.2
101.5
99.6
102.7
100.0
102.0
110.5
95.3
101.8
100.0
101.8
103.3
94.1
102.4
100.0
101.6
103.7
97.0
100.9
100.0
102.1
102.8
95.0
97.9
100.0
102.8
106.9
97.6
99.5
100.0
101.4
104.5
96.6
99.0
100.0
102.1
105.4
95.9
99.0
100.0
101.6
105.3
96.9
99.1
100.0
102.3
105.4
94.7
97.0
100.0
104.5
110.5
91.7
95.8
100.0
104.1
109.1
197 0 .................
1 9 7 1 .................
1 9 7 2 .................
197 3 .................
1974 .................
104.2
103.5
107.6
112.4
112.4
98.2
95.7
100.7
106.5
103.5
101.0
96.4
101.3
103.1
111.2
108.1
110.5
115.1
121.2
116.8
96.3
93.0
98.1
104.0
100.9
94.3
89.6
96.3
105.0
102.3
99.3
97.8
100.6
102.4
98.9
108.3
109.0
112.4
116.5
118.5
105.2
103.2
105.6
108.4
109.0
106.5
107.9
111.2
114.9
115.7
106.8
105.1
107.9
111.9
114.6
106.4
108.9
112.5
116.0
116.2
112.7
114.6
118.0
121.8
123.2
111.0
111.5
115.5
121.0
125.5
1 9 7 5 .................
197 6 .................
1 9 7 7 .................
1 9 7 8 .................
1 9 7 9 .................
107.2
111.4
115.8
121.4
125.4
91.0
96.0
100.5
106.2
109.6
119.7
125.5
134.2
138.3
154.5
98.9
100.3
106.8
120.8
132.7
88.6
94.2
98.2
102.5
103.9
87.6
93.4
98.9
104.9
107.2
90.2
95.4
97.2
98.8
99.0
118.4
122.0
126.4
132.0
136.5
102.7
103.6
106.2
110.0
114.2
114.9
118.9
122.6
127.4
130.3
113.0
116.5
120.9
127.4
132.5
115.7
119.8
123.2
127.4
129.4
123.3
125.8
131.8
139.6
145.9
129.1
133.8
139.4
146.2
152.6
and real estate; and services.
2 Excludes data on nonoffice salespersons.
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to con
struction workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in trans
portation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
— .
—
—
93.1
No
179
t e :
Dash indicates data are not available.
Table 88. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by
major industry group, selected years, 1947-79
[1967 = 100]
Durable goods
Year
Total
Lumber
and wood
products
Furniture
and
fixtures
Stone,
clay, and
glass
products
Primary
metal
products
Fabricated
metal
products
Machinery,
except
electrical
Electric
and
electronic
equipment
Transpor
tation
equipment
Instru
ments and
related
products
M iscella
neous
manufac
turing
industries
1947................
1950................
1955................
82.7
80.0
90.6
144.1
134.7
122.0
81.1
87.4
83.8
92.8
93.4
98.7
102.3
101.0
105.8
71.8
71.5
81.1
77.5
66.8
77.0
61.7
59.9
71.9
70.8
73.1
104.2
72.4
66.4
82.9
111.6
105.0
99.8
1960................
1961................
1962................
1963................
1964................
81.9
77.4
82.4
83.9
86.8
101.6
95.0
97.7
99.1
101.3
84.1
80.1
85.9
87.4
91.5
95.9
91.9
94.1
96.3
99.1
89.4
83.5
86.9
89.6
96.8
76.5
72.7
77.7
79.8
82.8
72.9
68.6
74.3
76.0
81.6
75.1
74.3
80.4
78.6
79.1
80.2
72.4
80.0
83.5
83.8
81.9
79.3
82.0
81.7
81.4
92.7
90.0
93.3
92.1
94.3
1965................
1966................
1967................
1968................
1969................
94.1
102.4
100.0
101.6
103.7
103.3
104.5
100.0
102.6
104.0
97.9
104.7
100.0
104.5
107.1
101.8
104.5
100.0
102.4
106.2
103.2
106.5
100.0
100.0
104.4
89.2
98.3
100.0
103.7
106.8
89.9
101.0
100.0
96.9
100.8
88.0
102.6
100.0
100.2
102.5
93.9
102.7
100.0
106.4
104.0
87.6
99.5
100.0
98.6
102.1
100.4
103.8
100.0
100.4
100.7
1970................
1971.............
1972................
1973................
1974................
94.3
89.6
96.3
105.0
102.3
97.0
102.0
112.2
115.8
105.5
98.3
100.5
111.5
116.4
108.7
101.5
102.6
110.1
116.3
112.9
96.7
88.8
92.5
102.4
102.7
96.9
91.2
98.1
106.1
102.6
93.4
82.4
90.1
103.1
107.2
95.1
88.9
95.3
105.1
101.5
85.6
84.5
88.9
96.9
88.5
95.0
87.4
94.8
106.1
111.7
95.4
92.6
100.5
104.3
102.6
1975................
1976................
1977................
1978................
1979................
87.6
93.4
98.9
104.9
107.2
88.7
101.8
108.7
113.6
113.0
88.8
97.8
103.2
110.0
106.6
97.1
101.5
105.8
111.0
111.9
84.9
88.5
91.2
95.5
97.1
87.3
92.8
98.1
104.1
106.4
93.8
94.7
101.3
110.0
116.0
83.5
89.9
96.5
102.3
107.4
80.2
88.6
94.3
99.8
99.4
97.8
105.9
113.9
122.1
128.1
89.6
95.7
97.3
100.8
100.5
Nondurable goods
Total
Food and
kindred
products
Tobacco
manufac
tures
Textile mill
products
Apparel
and other
textile
products
Paper and
allied
products
Printing
and
publishing
Chemicals
and allied
products
Petroleum
and coal
products
Rubber
and
miscella
neous,
plastics
products
Leather
and
leather
products
1947................
1950................
1955................
101.5
97.9
96.9
124.3
114.9
110.4
150.6
126.9
128.2
139.1
133.3
111.0
84.5
87.1
88.6
77.8
79.9
86.7
77.2
75.8
82.7
81.8
77.1
86.5
140.9
137.4
136.7
64.0
62.9
73.3
124.6
115.1
112.4
1960................
1961................
1962................
1963................
1964................
92.2
90.9
93.3
92.7
93.7
101.9
100.3
99.4
98.5
97.8
111.8
109.0
106.7
103.9
107.0
94.9
92.4
94.9
92.6
94.3
87.4
85.7
91.3
92.3
93.3
89.7
90.2
91.8
92.3
92.9
89.2
89.1
89.8
89.1
91.3
85.6
84.9
87.7
88.7
89.4
115.9
109.6
106.7
102.1
97.7
71.1
70.8
79.0
80.2
84.6
102.2
102.0
103.6
99.5
99.8
1965................
1966................
1967................
1968................
1969................
97.0
100.9
100.0
102.1
102.8
98.1
100.0
100.0
100.1
101.0
99.5
98.0
100.0
95.6
91.4
99.3
103.5
100.0
104.3
103.9
98.4
101.9
100.0
100.4
99.8
95.4
100.0
100.0
102.2
105.0
94.3
98.8
100.0
100.6
103.0
93.0
98.1
100.0
103.5
105.6
97.4
99.3
100.0
102.7
97.8
93.6
101.8
100.0
109.7
115.6
102.2
106.0
100.0
101.1
94.4
1970................
1971................
1972................
1973................
1974................
99.3
97.8
100.8
102.4
98.9
100.7
99.9
99.4
97.1
96.8
91.6
84.2
82.2
87.9
85.8
98.2
97.9
103.1
104.3
95.9
94.7
94.0
97.7
100.7
92.7
101.0
97.6
101.2
103.3
102.0
100.9
97.3
98.5
99.4
97.5
102.0
99.2
100.3
103.7
105.1
103.5
108.5
109.2
107.5
108.5
108.8
110.5
123.8
137.0
134.3
87.9
83.5
84.7
79.9
74.0
1975................
1976................
1977................
1978................
1979................
90.2
95.4
97.2
98.8
99.0
93.0
95.4
95.6
95.9
96.5
83.7
83.8
75.8
74.1
70.0
85.1
92.3
92.0
91.2
90.2
84.3
91.3
90.2
91.4
88.8
88.7
96.0
98.7
100.2
102.4
90.8
92.2
96.0
99.6
103.8
96.5
101.4
104.5
106.9
108.3
103.6
110.1
114.7
121.2
124.9
112.9
122.0
139.4
146.7
148.4
68.2
73.3
69.6
70.2
65.3
N o t e : Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959.
180
Table 89. Average weekly hours of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State, selected
years, 1948-79
Region and State
Region I:
M a in e .............................................................
New H am pshire..............................................
Verm ont..........................................................
M assachusetts...............................................
Rhode Island..................................................
Connecticut....................................................
Region II:
New Y ork........................................................
New Je rs e y ....................................................
Region III:
Pennsylvania..................................................
Delaware.........................................................
Maryland.........................................................
District of Colum bia3......................................
Virginia............................................................
West Virginia..................................................
Region IV:
North Carolina................................................
South C arolin a...............................................
G eo rgia...........................................................
Florida............................................................
Kentucky.........................................................
Tennessee......................................................
Alabam a..........................................................
M ississip p i......................................................
Region V:
O hio................................................................
Indiana................................. ....... :.................
Illinois.............................................................
M ichigan.........................................................
W isconsin.......................................................
Minnesota.......................................................
Region VI:
A rkansas.........................................................
Louisiana........................................................
O klahom a.......................................................
T e x a s .............................................................
New M e x ic o ...................................................
Region VII:
Iowa................................................................
Missouri...........................................................
N eb raska........................................................
K a n sas............................................................
1950
1949
1948
1955
1960
1963
1962
1961
l 41.3
38.8
39.1
41.1
40.2
41.9
40.6
40.4
41.6
40.6
40.9
42.1
40.4
40.3
41.6
40.2
39.8
241.4
39.2
39.2
40.2
40.1
40.3
41.3
39.5
40.0
40.7
40.6
40.6
41.9
39.8
40.1
41.2
40.8
40.2
41.2
39.7
40.4
41.3
*3 9 .5
M 0.5
38.4
39.4
39.3
40.8
39.5
40.7
38.8
39.6
38.8
40.0
39.3
40.5
39.2
40.5
39.7
40.9
38.4
39.9
—
—
40.0
40.6
40.9
40.2
40.9
38.9
39.4
40.1
39.2
39.9
38.7
39.0
40.1
39.9
40.1
40.3
39.5
39.4
40.8
40.2
39.9
41.0
39.7
39.6
40.9
40.5
39.7
40.9
40.0
39.7
40.3
39.4
40.9
39.4
39.8
39.4
40.1
40.5
39.7
41.3
39.9
40.0
39.6
39.7
40.8
41.2
40.1
41.3
40.1
40.5
40.1
39.8
40.7
41.0
40.1
41.4
40.5
40.6
40.5
40.4
40.8
40.9
40.6
M 1 .0
40.2
—
—
13 9 .8
39.8
38.6
140.5
—
—
—
—
—
39.7
41.0
40.8
—
M 0.3
—
—
'3 9 .5
—
—
—
—
—
M 2 .9
—
140.4
—
'3 9 5
—
42.2
—
39.6
39.4
—
40.1
40.3
42.3
—
40.2
40.1
41.0
40.2
41.0
40.3
41.5
M 1.0
40.7
40.5
41.5
13 9 .8
—
40.6
41.0
—
41.9
41.1
—
39.6
39.7
—
40.4
40.4
—■
41.0
40.9
—
41.9
41.1
41.2
41.2
41.2
—
42.0
41.3
40.0
40.0
40.0
—
40.6
40.4
40.0
40.1
40.1
40.6
40.5
41.4
40.5
41.1
41.0
40.7
—
41.3
40.8
—
—
M 2 .7
—
—
41.4
—
41.4
42.0
144.0
41.5
40.5
M 2.3
42.3
143.8
41.4
41.9
41.5
42.1
42.3
40.2
40.9
40.7
41.1
39.7
40.1
40.8
40.9
41.1
39.9
39.9
41.8
41.2
41.4
40.4
40.6
42.1
41.3
41.4
40.9
—
—
40.9
—
41.1
39.9
42.2
—
39.8
39.1
2 42.0
—
40.0
39.1
42.3
—
39.9
39.7
42.8
—
40.3
39.9
42.9
—
13 8 .2
'3 8 .8
—
—
—
—
—
—
41.5
—
42.2
—
Region VIII:
North Dakota..................................................
South D akota.................................................
Montana..........................................................
W yoming.........................................................
C olorado.........................................................
Utah................................................................
—
—
—
—
—
40.2
—
—
—
—
—
39.8
—
43.5
40.1
39.4
—
40.5
—
45.7
41.3
41.0
—
39.8
41.4
45.0
39.2
37.5
—
40.2
42.1
45.6
40.3
37.5
—
40.2
41.3
45.1
40.0
37.1
—
40.1
42.3
45.4
39.7
38.1
—
40.3
Region IX:
Arizona...........................................................
Nevada............................................................
California.........................................................
H aw aii............................................................
—
—
38.8
—
41.0
—
38.8
—
42.9
43.7
39.7
—
41.6
39.9
40.5
—
40.3
41.2
39.8
—
40.4
40.0
39.9
38.3
40.0
40.0
40.3
37.6
40.4
39.4
40.2
38.0
Region X:
Idaho..............................................................
W ashington....................................................
O regon...........................................................
A la s k a ............................................................
—
38.7
—
—
—
38.5
—
—
41.0
39.0
39.1
—
41.6
39.1
39.1
—
40.0
38.7
38.1
—
39.7
39.0
38.6
40.3
39.6
39.4
39.1
41.8
40.4
39.2
39.3
43.1
See footnotes at end of table.
181
Table 89. Average weekly hours of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State, selected
years, 1948-79— Continued
Region and State
1964
1965
1967
1966
1968
1969
1971
1970
Region I:
M ain e.............................................................
New Ham pshire.............................................
Verm ont.........................................................
M assachusetts...............................................
Rhode Island..................................................
Connecticut....................................................
40.8
40.6
41.5
39.9
39.9
41.4
41.3
40.9
42.4
40.3
40.6
42.1
41.5
41.1
43.0
40.7
40.7
43.2
41.0
40.4
42.1
40.0
40.5
42.2
40.7
40.3
41.7
40.0
40.3
41.9
40.2
39.5
41.5
39.7
40.1
41.7
40.1
38.8
41.0
39.2
39.2
40.9
39.8
39.1
41.2
39.4
39.3
40.5
Region II:
New Y ork........................................................
New J e rs e y ....................................................
39.4
40.6
39.7
41.0
40.2
41.3
39.6
40.6
39.7
40.7
39.6
40.8
38.9
40.3
39.1
40.4
Region III:
Pennsylvania..................................................
Delaware.........................................................
Maryland.........................................................
District of Colum bia3........................ .............
Virginia...........................................................
West Virginia..................................................
40.0
40.9
40.7
39.3
41.1
40.2
40.5
41.5
41.2
40.2
41.5
40.4
40.8
41.0
41.2
40.4
41.6
40.5
39.9
39.9
40.5
40.0
40.8
40.0
40.0
40.8
40.6
39.5
41.1
40.4
40.1
40.3
40.8
39.2
41.0
40.2
39.2
39.6
40.1
38.8
40.0
39.8
39.2
40.2
39.7
39.3
40.2
39.6
Region IV:
North Carolina................................................
South C arolina...............................................
G eo rgia..........................................................
Florida............................................................
Kentucky.........................................................
Tennessee......................................................
Alabam a.........................................................
M ississip p i......................................................
40.9
41.1
40.6
41.6
40.6
40.8
41.0
40.6
41.3
41.9
41.1
42.3
41.0
40.8
41.8
41.2
41.4
42.0
41.2
42.5
40.9
40.8
41.7
41.5
40.3
40.9
40.6
42.2
39.9
40.1
40.9
40.7
40.4
41.1
40.8
41.5
40.4
40.4
41.3
41.0
40.4
41.2
41.0
41.5
40.1
40.4
41.1
40.8
39.5
40.2
39.8
41.1
39.4
39.9
140.3
40.2
40.0
40.9
40.4
40.8
39.2
40.1
40.9
40.4
41.6
41.2
41.0
42.4
41.9
41.7
41.9
40.9
41.0
40.6
40.1
40.3
40.7
40.1
40.1
42.0
41.5
41.5
40.7
40.8
—
41.2
41.2
41.8
41.1
40.8
41.5
40.9
42.2
41.7
41.4
—
41.7
41.2
41.1
41.2
41.4
41.2
40.4
40.0
40.5
39.8
Region VI:
Arkansas........................................................
Louisiana........................................................
O klahom a.......................................................
T e x a s .............................................................
New M e x ic o ...................................................
40.5
42.0
41.8
41.7
39.7
41.0
42.3
42.0
41.9
40.6
41.4
42.5
41.7
42.0
40.1
40.3
42.2
40.9
41.6
40.3
40.2
41.9
40.9
41.6
40.5
40.4
41.8
41.1
41.4
39.7
39.8
41.8
40.8
40.7
39.0
39.9
42.0
40.3
40.7
39.4
Region VII:
Iowa................................................................
Missouri..........................................................
N eb raska........................................................
K a n sas...........................................................
40.5
40.1
43.1
—
40.7
40.3
43.1
—
41.2
40.7
43.1
—
40.9
40.2
42.2
—
40.4
40.1
42.7
—
40.1
39.8
42.9
—
39.7
39.3
42.0
—
39.9
39.4
41.7
—
42.4
45.6
40.5
38.5
42.5
43.8
41.0
37.9
42.2
45.6
40.6
38.5
40.6
45.9
39.6
39.5
39.1
45.1
40.9
38.6
39.9
43.4
40.3
39.0
40.7
44.0
39.8
39.8
Region V:
O hio................................................................
Indiana...........................................................
Illinois.............................................................
M ichigan........................................................
W isco nsin.......................................................
Minnesota.......................................................
Region VIII:
North Dakota..................................................
South Dakota.................................................
Montana..........................................................
Wyoming.........................................................
Co lo rad o .........................................................
Utah................................................................
—
—
—
—
—
—
40.4
40.3
40.6
40.1
40.2
39.6
40.7
44.6
40.0
38.7
—
239.1
Region IX:
Arizona...........................................................
Nevada...........................................................
California.........................................................
H aw aii............................................................
40.3
40.1
40.3
38.4
41.1
39.9
40.6
39.3
41.5
40.4
40.8
40.4
40.9
39.7
40.4
39.2
40.9
39.1
40.3
40.1
40.7
39.8
40.3
39.6
40.0
39.3
39.6
40.0
40.4
39.8
39.5
39.8
Region X:
Idaho..............................................................
W ashington....................................................
O regon...........................................................
A la s k a ............................................................
39.8
39.3
39.3
43.2
40.0
39.5
39.8
43.1
40.7
39.7
39.6
42.3
39.5
39.5
39.0
39.9
39.9
39.7
39.6
39.9
38.9
39.5
39.1
42.1
38.9
39.1
38.8
41.2
39.0
39.1
38.8
40.1
—
—
—
See footnotes at end of table.
182
—
—
—
—
39.3
Table 89. Average weekly hours of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State, selected
years, 1948-79— Continued
Region and State
1974
1973
1972
1979
1978
1977
1976
1975
Region I:
M ain e.............................................................
New Ham pshire..............................................
Verm ont.........................................................
M assachusetts...............................................
Rhode Island..................................................
Connecticut....................................................
40.7
39.8
41.5
40.1
39.5
41.5
40.8
39.8
41.5
40.5
39.3
42.1
40.3
39.3
41.1
39.9
39.2
41.4
39.9
39.1
40.4
39.1
38.9
40.5
39.9
39.6
41.0
39.7
39.5
40.8
39.8
40.0
40.8
39.9
39.1
41.5
40.2
40.2
41.0
40.2
38.9
42.0
40.8
—
39.1
42.0
Region II:
New Y ork........................................................
New Je rs e y ....................................................
39.6
40.9
39.9
41.4
39.4
40.7
38.9
39.9
39.4
40.4
39.6
41.3
39.8
41.2
39.6
41.7
Region III:
Pennsylvania..................................................
Delaware.........................................................
Maryland.........................................................
District of Colum bia3................... -..................
Virginia...........................................................
West Virginia..................................................
39.8
40.1
40.2
39.2
40.8
40.0
40.2
40.3
40.5
38.9
40.6
40.0
39.6
39.4
39.9
38.3
39.8
39.6
38.8
39.3
39.1
38.5
39.2
39.0
39.2
40.0
39.6
38.6
39.9
39.2
39.5
39.6
39.9
38.4
39.9
39.5
40.0
40.0
39.9
2 39.1
39.8
39.6
39.9
39.6
40.0
2 39.2
39.7
39.6
Region IV:
North Carolina................................................
South Carolina........................... ....................
G eo rgia..........................................................
Florida............................................................
Kentucky.........................................................
Tennessee......................................................
Alabam a..........................................................
M ississip p i......................................................
40.7
41.4
41.0
41.2
40.4
40.6
41.0
41.1
40.1
40.5
40.5
41.0
40.3
40.4
41.0
40.3
39.1
39.8
39.8
40.2
39.6
39.9
40.5
39.3
38.4
39.4
39.5
40.0
38.7
39.8
39.5
39.3
39.4
40.4
40.1
40.4
39.4
40.3
40.6
40.0
39.6
40.6
40.5
40.7
39.5
40.2
40.5
40.1
39.8
40.8
40.1
40.9
39.6
39.6
40.6
39.9
39.6
40.8
39.4
40.5
39.4
39.7
40.7
39.6
41.6
41.1
41.0
42.3
41.5
41.2
41.2
40.6
40.4
41.4
40.6
40.4
—
40.6
39.8
42.0
41.2
40.6
40.6
40.0
42.1
41.2
40.1
—
41.0
40.2
41.5
40.5
40.7
41.2
40.9
40.0
39.6
41.3
40.3
M 0.9
39.5
39.7
41.8
40.4
41.1
38.8
39.3
41.6
40.2
41.3
39.2
39.6
41.3
40.5
41.1
39.6
40.1
40.2
40.8
40.1
40.0
41.1
40.5
39.5
41.3
40.8
Region V:
O hio................................................................
Indiana...........................................................
Illinois.............................................................
M ichigan.........................................................
W isconsin.......................................................
Minnesota.......................................................
41.3
40.7
41.4
41.0
41.1
39.9
40.3
39.8
39.7
—
40.4
39.2
Region VI:
A rkansas.........................................................
Louisiana......... ..............................................
O klahom a.......................................................
T e x a s .............................................................
New M e x ic o ...................................................
40.2
42.3
40.5
41.0
40.1
39.9
41.4
40.6
41.0
39.4
39.2
40.1
40.5
40.7
38.4
38.8
42.8
40.0
40.6
39.0
40.5
39.8
41.7
40.3
39.8
41.8
40.5
39.3
41.2
39.7
39.0
40.5
Region VII:
Iowa................................................................
Missouri...........................................................
N eb raska........................................................
K a n sas...........................................................
Region VIII:
North Dakota..................................................
South D akota.................................................
Montana..........................................................
W yoming.........................................................
C olorad o.........................................................
Utah................................................................
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
39.5
38.9
39.7
39.0
40.1
38.8
40.1
38.0
40.3
38.5
40.1
38.6
40.6
38.5
39.9
38.3
38.8
38.7
38.4
36.6
38.7
39.1
38.9
40.5
39.3
39.2
38.6
43.3
38.8
39.3
39.0
42.4
38.3
38.6
38.5
2 42.9
Region IX:
A rizona............................................................
Nevada............................................................
California.........................................................
H aw aii............................................................
40.5
40.2
40.1
39.5
39.8
40.0
40.3
39.9
39.2
38.8
39.7
39.4
Region X:
Idaho..............................................................
W ashington....................................................
O regon............................................................
A la s k a ............................................................
39.4
39.6
39.4
40.1
38.8
39.2
39.3
36.6
39.0
38.9
38.8
40.5
S ta n d a rd In d u stria l
2 Data are not strictly comparable with prior years.
3 Data relate to Washington, D.C., Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
183
—
39.0
38.2
39.4
39.1
38.1
1Beginning with this year, data are based on the 1972
—
39.2
38.7
C la s s ific a tio n M a n u a l.
—
39.2
41.9
42.9
37.5
39.2
39.0
38.5
—
39.8
41.1
39.7
41.7
42.7
38.6
39.3
39.5
40.2
41.7
38.8
38.0
—
3 9 .9
—
38.6
39.3
41.8
39.8
39.4
40.0
40.4
42.6
39.3
38.6
—
38.8
40.2
43.3
40.3
38.6
'
—
40.1
39.9
40.7
38.0
38.6
—
39.1
39.9
39.8
40.2
—
Note : Beginning in 1972, data for all States except Iowa and Texas are
based on the 1972 SIC Manual. Data for Iowa (1949-75) and Texas (194975) and, unless otherwise noted, data prior to 1972 for all other States, are
based on the 1967 SIC Manual. Dashes indicate data are not available.
Table 90. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1 on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, selected years, 1932-79
Manufacturing
Year
Total
private
Mining
19 3 2 ................
1 9 3 5 ................
1 9 4 0 ................
1 9 4 5 ................
19 5 0 ................
19 5 5 ................
$1,335
1.71
$1,772
2.20
1 9 6 0 ................
19 6 1 ................
1 9 6 2 .................
19 6 3 .................
19 6 4 .................
2.09
2.14
2.22
2.28
2.36
19 6 5 .................
1 9 6 6 .................
1 9 6 7 .................
1 9 6 8 .................
1 9 6 9 .................
Con
struction
Total
Durable
goods
Nondur
able
goods
Manu
facturing
exclud
ing
overtime
$0,412
.520
.590
.886
1.347
1.67
—
3 $0,949
1.39
1.79
—
$1,863
2.45
$0,441
.544
.655
1.016
1.439
1.85
$0,492
.571
.716
1.099
1.517
1.99
2.60
2.64
2.70
2.75
2.81
3.07
3.20
3.31
3.41
3.55
2.26
2.32
2.39
2.45
2.53
2.42
2.48
2.56
2.63
2.70
2.05
2.11
2.17
2.22
2.29
4 2.19
2.25
2.31
2.37
2.43
2.46
2.56
2.68
2.85
3.04
2.92
3.05
3.19
3.35
3.60
3.70
3.89
4.11
4.41
4.79
2.61
2.71
2.82
3.01
3.19
2.79
2.89
3.00
3.19
3.38
2.36
2.45
2.57
2.74
2.91
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.88
3.05
19 7 0 ................,
1 9 7 1 ................ j
19 7 2 ................
1 9 7 3 ................
1 9 7 4 ................
3.23
3.45
3.70
3.94
4.24
3.85
4.06
4.44
4.75
5.23
5.24
5.69
6.06
6.41
6.81
3.35
3.57
3.82
4.09
4.42
3.55
3.80
4.07
4.35
4.70
3.08
3.27
3.48
3.70
4.01
19 7 5 .................
1 9 7 6 ................
19 7 7 ................
1 9 7 8 ................
1 9 7 9 ................
4.53
4.86
5.25
5.69
6.16
5.95
6.46
6.94
7.67
8.48
7.31
7.71
8.10
8.65
9.26
4.83
5.22
5.68
6.17
6.69
5.15
5.58
6.06
6.58
7.12
4.37
4.70
5.11
5.53
6.00
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to con
struction workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in trans
portation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.
2 Excludes data on nonoffice salespersons.
3 11 -month average.
—
Trans
portation
and
public
utilities
—
—
—
—
—
_
W holesale and retail trade
Total
—
—
—
$1,100
1.40
W hole
sale
$0,610
.711
.990
1.427
1.83
Retail
—
—
—
$0,983
1.25
Finance,
insur
ance,
and real
e sta te 2
—
—
_
$1,340
1.70
Services
—
—
_
_
—
_
$2.89
1.71
1.76
1.83
1.89
1.97
2.24
2.31
2.37
2.45
2.52
1.52
1.56
1.63
1.68
1.75
2.02
2.09
2.17
2.25
2.30
$1.94
3.03
3.11
3.23
3.42
3.63
2.04*
2.14
2.25
2.41
2.56
2.61
2.73
2.88
3.05
3.23
1.82
1.91
2.01
2.16
2.30
2.39
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.93
2.05
2.17
2.29
2.42
2.61
3.23
3.45
3.66
3.91
4.25
3.85
4.21
4.65
5.02
5.41
2.72
2.88
3.05
3.23
3.48
3.44
3.65
3.85
4.08
4.39
2.44
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.14
3.07
3.22
3.36
3.53
3.77
2.81
3.04
3.27
3.47
3.75
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.91
6.42
5.88
6.45
6.99
7.57
8.18
3.73
3.97
4.28
4.67
5.06
4.73
5.03
5.39
5.88
6.39
3.36
3.57
3.85
4.20
4.53
4.06
4.27
4.54
4.90
5.28
4.02
4.31
4.65
4.99
5.36
—
—
—
—
_
—
4
Prior to Jan. 1956, data were based on the application of adjustment
factors to gross average hourly earnings. (For a detailed description, see
the M o n th ly L a b o r R e v ie w , May 1950, pp. 537-40; reprint available, serial
No. R2020.)
N o t e : Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. Dash indicates
data are not available.
184
Table 91. Hourly Earnings Index for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry division, 1964-79
[1967=100]
Current
dollars
1967 dollars
Current
dollars
Manufacturing
Construction
Mining
Total private 1
Year
1967 dollars
Current
dollars
1967 dollars
Current
dollars
1967 dollars
1964.
1965.
1966
1967
1968
1969
88.2
91.2
95.3
100.0
106.2
113.2
95.0
96.6
98.0
100.0
101.9
103.1
88.0
91.6
95.9
100.0
105.3
113.3
94.7
96.9
98.7
100.0
101.0
103.2
86.6
90.1
94.6
100.0
107.2
116.5
93.2
95.3
97.3
100.0
102.9
106.1
90.1
92.5
95.6
100.0
106.1
112.4
97.0
97.9
98.4
100.0
101.8
102.3
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
120.7
129.2
137.5
146.0
157.5
103.8
106.5
109.7
109.7
106.7
119.9
126.8
136.8
147.2
163.1
103.1
104.6
109.2
110.6
110.4
127.2
138.0
146.1
154.1
163.7
109.4
113.8
116.6
115.8
110.9
119.4
127.3
135.3
143.6
155.9
102.7
105.0
108.0
107.9
105.6
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
170.6
183.0
196.8
212.9
229.8
105.9
107.3
108.4
109.0
105.6
183.4
198.8
214.8
240.9
263.7
113.8
116.6
118.4
123.3
121.1
175.6
185.1
194.5
207.6
221.1
108.9
108.5
107.2
106.3
101.6
171.4
184.6
199.3
215.9
234.6
106.3
108.2
109.8
110.5
107.8
W holesale and
retail trade
Transportation and public
utilities
Current
dollars
1967 dollars
Current
dollars
Finance, insurance, and
real estate
1967 dollars
Current
dollars
1967 dollars
Services
Current
dollars
1967 dollars
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968.
1969.
88.9
93.3
96.1
100.0
105.2
111.8
95.7
98.7
98.9
100.0
101.0
101.8
87.0
90.5
94.7
100.0
106.9
113.8
93.7
95.7
97.5
100.0
102.6
103.7
89.2
92.5
96.0
100.0
105.8
112.2
96.0
97.8
98.8
100.0
101.5
102.2
85.9
88.6
94.8
100.0
105.6
113.5
92.4
93.7
97.5
100.0
101.4
103.4
1970.
1971.
1972.
1973.
1974.
118.6
129.6
142.3
153.5
165.3
102.0
106.9
113.6
115.3
111.9
120.9
128.0
134.7
142.7
154.0
103.9
105.5
107.5
107.2
104.3
118.9
126.2
132.1
139.4
149.9
102.2
104.0
105.4
104.7
101.5
121.6
131.0
139.7
148.2
159.7
104.6
108.0
111.5
111.3
108.1
1975.
1976.
1977.
1978.
1979.
179.8
196.7
213.4
231.0
249.4
111.5
115.4
117.6
118.3
114.6
165.4
176.1
189.6
206.7
223.7
102.6
103.3
104.5
105.8
102.8
161.1
169.9
180.7
194.9
209.8
100.0
99.6
99.6
99.8
96.4
171.1
183.9
197.9
212.4
227.7
106.2
107.8
109.0
108.8
104.6
1 Prior data as follows:
Year
Current dollars.........
1967 dollars.............
1947
1948
1949
1950
1951
1952
1953
1954
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
42.6
63.7
46.0
63.8
48.2
67.5
50.0
69.3
53.7
69.0
56.4
70.9
59.6
74.4
61.7
76.6
63.7
79.4
67.0
82.3
70.3
83.4
73.2
84.5
75.8
86.8
78.4
88.4
80.8
90.2
83.5
92.2
85.9
93.7
185
Table 92. Average hourly earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by major
industry group, selected years, 1947-79
Durable goods
Year
Total
Lumber
and wood
products
Furniture
and
fixtures
Stone,
clay, and
glass
products
Primary
metal
products
Fabricated
metal
products
Machinery,
except
electrical
Electric
and
electronic
equipment
Transpor
tation
equipment
Instru
ments and
related
products
M iscella
neous
manufac
turing
industries
1947................
1950................
1955................
$1,276
1.517
1.99
$1,089
1.297
1.62
$1,097
1.281
1.62
$1,194
1.437
1.86
$1,388
1.647
2.24
$1,264
1.518
1.96
$1,344
1.600
2.08
$1,246
1.443
1.84
$1,435
1.722
2.21
$1,197
1.448
1.87
$1,105
1.275
1.61
1960................
1961................
1962................
1963................
1964................
2.42
2.48
2.56
2.63
2.70
1.89
1.95
1.99
2.04
2.11
1.88
1.91
1.95
2.00
2.05
2.28
2.34
2.41
2.48
2.53
2.81
2.90
2.98
3.04
3.11
2.43
2.49
2.55
2.61
2.68
2.55
2.62
2.71
2.78
2.87
2.28
2.35
2.40
2.46
2.51
2.74
2.80
2.91
3.01
3.09
2.31
2.38
2.44
2.49
2.54
1.89
1.92
1.98
2.03
2.08
1965................
1966................
1967................
1968................
1969................
2.79
2.89
3.00
3.19
3.38
2.17
2.25
2.37
2.57
2.74
2.12
2.21
2.33
2.47
2.62
2.62
2.72
2.82
2.99
3.19
3.18
3.28
3.34
3.55
3.79
2.76
2.88
2.98
3.16
3.34
2.96
3.09
3.19
3.36
3.58
2.58
2.65
2.77
2.93
3.09
3.21
3.33
3.44
3.69
3.89
2.62
2.73
2.85
2.98
3.15
2.14
2.22
2.35
2.50
2.66
1970................
1971................
1972................
1973................
1974................
3.55
3.80
4.07
4.35
4.70
2.96
3.17
3.33
3.61
3.89
2.77
2.90
3.08
3.29
3.53
3.40
3.67
3.94
4.22
4.54
3.93
4.23
4.66
5.04
5.60
3.53
3.77
4.04
4.29
4.61
3.77
4.02
4.32
4.60
4.94
3.28
3.49
3.71
3.91
4.21
4.06
4.45
4.81
5.15
5.54
3.34
3.50
3.66
3.83
4.11
2.83
2.97
3.11
3.29
3.53
1975................
1976................
1977................
1978................
1979................
5.15
5.58
6.06
6.58
7.12
4.26
4.72
5.10
5.60
6.08
3.78
3.99
4.34
4.68
5.06
4.92
5.33
5.81
6.32
6.84
6.18
6.77
7.40
8.20
8.97
5.05
5.49
5.91
6.34
6.82
5.37
5.79
6.26
6.77
7.33
4.64
4.96
5.39
5.82
6.31
6.07
6.62
7.28
7.91
8.53
4.53
4.93
5.29
5.71
6.17
3.81
4.04
4.36
4.69
5.04
Nondurable goods
Total
Food and
Tobacco
kindred
manufac
products .
tures
Textile mill
products
Apparel
and other
textile
products
Paper and
allied
products
Printing
and
publishing
Chemicals
and allied
products
Petroleum
and coal
products
Rubber
and
miscella
neous
plastics
products
Leather
and
leather
products
1947................
1950................
1955................
$1,145
1.347
1.67
$1,063
1.262
1.66
$0,904
1.076
1.34
$1,035
1.227
1.38
$1,161
1.239
1.37
$1,153
1.398
1.81
$1,475
1.831
2.26
$1,220
1.496
1.97
$1,501
1.841
2.37
$1,299
1.472
1.96
$1,038
1.169
1.39
1960................
1961................
1962................
1963................
1964................
2.05
2.11
2.17
2.22
2.29
2.11
2.17
2.24
2.30
2.37
1.70
1.78
1.85
1.91
1.95
1.61
1.63
1.68
1.71
1.79
1.59
1.64
1.69
1.73
1.79
2.26
2.34
2.40
2.48
2.56
2.68
2.75
2.82
2.89
2.97
2.50
2.58
2.65
2.72
2.80
2.89
3.01
3.05
3.16
3.20
2.32
2.38
2.44
2.47
2.54
1.64
1.68
1.72
1.76
1.83
1965................
1966................
1967................
1968................
1969................
2.36
2.45
2.57
2.74
2.91
2.44
2.52
2.64
2.80
2.96
2.09
2.19
2.27
2.48
2.62
1.87
1.96
2.06
2.21
2.35
1.83
1.89
2.03
2.21
2.31
2.65
2.75
2.87
3.05
3.24
3.06
3.16
3.28
3.48
3.69
2.89
2.98
3.10
3.26
3.47
3.28
3.41
3.58
3.75
4.00
2.61
2.67
2.75
2.92
3.07
1.88
1.94
2.07
2.23
2.36
1970................
1971................
1972................
1973................
1974................
3.08
3.27
3.48
3.70
4.01
3.16
3.38
3.60
3.85
4.19
2.91
3.16
3.47
3.76
4.12
2.45
2.57
2.75
2.95
3.20
2.39
2.49
2.60
2.76
2.97
3.44
3.67
3.95
4.20
4.53
3.92
4.20
4.51
4.75
5.03
3.69
3.97
4.26
4.51
4.88
4.28
4.57
4.96
5.28
5.68
3.20
3.39
3.61
3.81
4.06
2.49
2.59
2.68
2.79
2.99
1975................
1976................
1977................
1978................
1979................
4.37
4.70
5.11
5.53
6.00
4.61
4.98
5.37
5.80
6.27
4.55
4.98
5.54
6.13
6.69
3.42
3.69
3.99
4.30
4.66
3.17
3.40
3.62
3.94
4.24
5.01
5.47
5.96
6.52
7.12
5.38
5.71
6.12
6.50
6.91
5.39
5.91
6.43
7.01
7.59
6.48
7.21
7.83
8.63
9.37
4.39
4.66
5.17
5.52
5.96
3.21
3.40
3.61
3.89
4.23
No te : Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959.
186
Table 93. Average hourly earnings excluding overtime 1 of production workers on manufacturing
payrolls by major industry group, selected years, 1941-79
Durable goods
Year
Total
Lumber
and wood
products
Furniture
and
fixtures
Stone,
clay, and
glass
products
Primary
metal
products
Fabricated
metal
products
Machinery,
except
electrical
Electric
and
electronic
equipment
Transpor
tation
equipment
Instru
ments and
related
products
M iscella
neous
manufac
turing
industries
1941................
1 9 4 5 2.............
1950................
1955................
$0,762
1.031
1.46
1.91
_
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1960................
1961................
1962................
1963................
1964................
2.35
2.41
2.47
2.54
2.60
$1.83
1.88
1.91
1.96
2.03
$1.82
1.86
1.89
1.93
1.97
$2.20
2.25
2.31
2.37
2.42
$2.75
2.84
2.90
2.94
2.99
$2.36
2.41
2.46
2.51
2.57
$2.47
2.54
2.61
2.68
2.75
$2.22
2.29
2.34
2.40
2.44
$2.65
2.72
2.80
2.89
2.96
$2.25
2.32
2.37
2.42
2.47
$1.84
1.87
1.92
1.98
2.02
1965................
1966................
1967................
1968................
1969................
2.66
2.75
2.87
3.05
3.23
2.08
2.14
2.26
2.45
2.61
2.03
2.11
2.24
2.38
2.52
2.49
2.58
2.68
2.84
3.01
3.04
3.13
3.21
3.40
3.61
2.64
2.73
2.85
3.01
3.18
2.80
2.90
3.03
3.21
3.40
2.49
2.54
2.69
2.84
2.98
3.04
3.15
3.29
3.50
3.72
2.53
2.61
2.75
2.89
3.04
2.07
2.15
2.27
2.43
2.57
1970................
1971................
1972................
1973................
1974................
3.42
3.67
3.90
4.14
4.51
2.84
3.03
3.18
3.44
3.73
2.69
2.81
2.97
3.16
3.42
3.24
3.49
3.73
3.98
4.31
3.79
4.08
4.47
4.79
5.35
3.39
3.64
3.88
4.09
4.42
3.63
3.89
4.14
4.36
4.70
3.19
3.40
3.59
3.77
4.08
3.92
4.29
4.57
4.86
5.32
3.25
3.41
3.54
3.69
3.98
2.75
2.89
3.01
3.19
3.43
1975................
1976................
1977................
1978................
1979................
4.99
5.37
5.80
6.29
6.83
4.11
4.52
4.87
5.35
5.83
3.69
3.89
4.21
4.52
4.92
4.71
5.08
5.51
5.98
6.49
5.98
6.51
7.08
7.81
8.57
4.89
5.28
5.66
6.06
6.54
5.19
5.56
5.97
6.45
6.99
4.54
4.82
5.22
5.62
6.10
5.87
6.31
6.88
7.46
8.11
4.43
4.79
5.14
5.54
5.98
3.72
3.93
4.24
4.55
4.89
Petroleum
and coal
products
Nondurable goods
Total
Food and
kindred
products
Tobacco
manufac
tures
Textile mill
products
Apparel
and other
textile
products
Paper and
allied
products
Printing
and
publishing
Chem icals
and allied
products
Rubber
and
miscella
neous
plastics
products
Leather
and
leather
products
1941................
1 9 4 5 2.............
1950................
1955................
$0,613
.841
1.31
1.62
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
*
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—;
—
—
1960................
1961................
1962................
1963................
1964................
1.99
2.05
2.09
2.15
2.21
$2.02
2.09
2.15
2.21
2.27
$1.68
1.75
1.83
1.88
1.91
$1.56
1.58
1.62
1.65
1.71
$1.57
1.62
1.66
1.70
1.76
$2.15
2.22
2.29
2.36
2.43
_
—
—
—
—
$2.43
2.51
2.57
2.64
2.72
$2.82
2.94
2.97
3.07
3.11
$2.25
2.30
2.35
2.38
2.44
$1.61
1.64
1.69
1.73
1.79
1965................
1966................
1967................
1968................
1969................
2.27
2.35
2.47
2.63
2.79
2.33
2.40
2.52
2.66
2.82
2.06
2.15
2.22
2.43
2.57
1.78
1.87
1.97
2.10
2.24
1.79
1.85
1.99
2.17
2.26
2.50
2.59
2.71
2.87
3.05
—
—
—
—
2.79
2.87
3.00
3.14
3.33
3.18
3.29
3.43
3.60
3.83
2.49
2.54
2.62
2.78
2.92
1.84
1.89
2.02
2.17
2.31
1970................
1971................
1972................
1973................
1974................
2.97
3.15
3.34
3.54
3.86
3.01
3.23
3.43
3.67
3.99
2.85
3.09
3.40
3.65
4.01
2.36
2.46
2.61
2.80
3.07
2.35
2.44
2.54
2.71
2.93
3.26
3.48
3.73
3.97
4.30
—
$4.34
4.57
4.85
3.56
3.83
4.10
4.33
4.69
4.09
4.38
4.75
5.05
5.43
3.07
3.27
3.44
3.63
3.90
2.43
2.53
2.60
2.72
2.92
1975................
1976................
1977................
1978................
1979................
4.22
4.53
4.91
5.32
5.78
4.40
4.74
5.11
5.53
5.98
4.43
4.89
5.40
5.97
6.58
3.29
3.54
3.82
4.11
4.47
3.12
3.35
3.56
3.87
4.18
4.78
5.18
5.64
6.15
6.74
5.22
5.52
5.90
6.25
6.66
5.22
5.69
6.18
6.73
7.29
6.25
6.93
7.48
8.23
8.92
4.24
4.47
4.95
5.28
5.73
3.13
3.32
3.52
3.81
4.14
1 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time
and one-half.
—
_
_
2 11-month average.
N o t e : Dashes indicate data are not available.
187
Table 94. Average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1' on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, selected years, 1922-79
Manufacturing
Year
1922.....................
1925....................
1930....................
Total
private
Mining
Construc
tion
Total
Durable
goods
Nondur
able
goods
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
$21.28
24.11
23.00
$26.02
24.42
$21.99
21.40
_
Transportation and
public
utilities
W holesale and retail trade
W hole
sale
Total
Retail
_
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Finance,
insur
ance,
and real
e s ta te 2
Services
_
_
—
—
—
—
1935.............. ......
1940.....................
1945....................
1950....................
1955....................
—
—
$53.13
67.72
_
—
—
$67.16
89.54
_
—
—
$69.68
90.90
19.91
24.96
44.20
58.28
75.30
21.24
28.07
48.36
62.35
82.19
18.77
21.83
37.48
53.44
66.63
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
$44.55
55.16
$25.38
29.36
42.37
58.08
74.48
_
—
—
$39.71
48.75
_
—
—
$50.52
63.92
_
—
—
—
—
1960....................
1961....................
1962....................
1963....................
1964.....................
80.67
82.60
85.91
88.46
91.33
105.04
106.92
110.70
114.40
117.74
112.67
118.08
122.47
127.19
132.06
89.72
92.34
96.56
99.23
102.97
97.04
99.94
104.70
108.09
112.05
80.36
82.92
86.15
87.91
90.91
_
—
—
—
$118.78
66.01
67.41
69.91
72.01
74.66
90.72
93.56
96.22
99.47
102.56
57.76
58.66
60.96
62.66
64.75
75.14
77.12
80.94
84.38
85.79
_
—
—
—
$70.03
1965.....................
1966.....................
1967....................
1968....................
1969....................
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51
117.18
121.96
123.60
132.07
139.59
94.64
98.49
102.03
109.05
115.53
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74
76.91
79.39
82.35
87.00
91.39
106.49
111.11
116.06
122.31
129.85
66.61
68.57
70.95
74.95
78.66
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57
1970....................
1971.....................
1972....................
1973....................
1974.....................
119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
143.07
153.14
167.68
180.53
191.29
120.43
128.51
138.16
146.52
156.79
155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
96.02
101.09
106.45
111.76
119.02
137.26
144.18
151.69
160.34
170.33
82.47
87.62
91.85
96.32
102.68
112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
1975....................
1976....................
1977....................
1978.....................
1979....................
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.11
364.64
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.32
341.69
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
268.94
205.49
226.55
248.46
270.44
290.50
169.56
185.18
201.33
217.88
235.80
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
326.38
126.45
133.79
142.52
153.64
164.96
183.05
194.66
209.13
228.14
247.93
108.86
114.60
121.66
130.20
139.07
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.36
191.66
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
175.27
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to con
struction workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in trans
portation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and services.
188
2 Excludes data on nonoffice salespersons.
No te : Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959. Dash indicates
data are not available.
Table 95. Average weekly earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by major
industry group, selected years, 1947-79
Durable goods
Year
Total
Lumber
and wood
products
Furniture
and
fixtures
Stone,
clay, and
glass
products
Primary
metal
products
Fabricated
metal
products
Machinery,
except
electrical
Electric
and
electronic
equipment
Transpor
tation
equipment
Instru
ments and
related
products
M iscella
neous
manufac
turing
industries
1947.......................
1950.......................
1955.......................
$51.68
62.35
82.19
$43.89
51.23
63.99
$45.53
53.55
67.07
$48.95
59.06
77.00
$55.38
67.36
92.51
$51.70
63.00
81.73
$55.78
67.04
87.36
$50.21
59.31
74.89
$56.97
71.29
93.48
$48.36
59.80
76.48
$44.75
52.02
64.88
1960.......................
1961.......................
1962.......................
1963.......................
1964.......................
97.04
99.94
104.70
108.09
112.05
73.71
77.03
79.20
81.80
85.24
7 5 .2 0
76.40
79.37
81.80
84.46
92.57
95.24
98.81
102.67
105.50
109.59
114.55
119.80
124.64
129.69
98.42
100.85
104.81
107.79
111.76
104.55
107.42
113.01
116.20
121.69
90.74
94.47
97.44
99.14
101.66
111.52
113.40
122.22
126.42
130.09
93.32
96.87
99.80
101.59
103.63
74.28
75.84
78.61
80.39
82.37
1965....................
1966.......................
1967.......................
1968.......................
1969.......................
117.18
121.96
123.60
132.07
139.59
88.75
91.80
95.27
104.34
110.15
87.98
91.72
94.13
100.28
105.85
110.04
114.24
117.31
124.98
133.66
133.88
138.09
137.27
147.68
158.42
116.20
122.11
123.67
131.77
138.94
127.58
135.34
135.89
141.46
152.15
105.78
109.18
111.35
118.08
124.84
137.71
141.86
142.42
155.72
161.44
108.47
114.93
117.42
120.69
128.21
85.39
88.80
92.59
98.50
103.74
1970.......................
1971.......................
1972.......................
1973.......................
1974.......................
143.07
153.14
167.68
180.53
191.29
116.92
126.17
134.53
144.04
152.49
108.58
115.42
123.82
131.60
138.02
140.08
152.67
165.87
176.82
187.50
158.77
169.62
192.92
213.19
232.96
143.67
152.31
166.45
178.46
188.09
154.95
163.21
181.87
196.88
207.97
130.54
139.25
149.88
157.96
167.14
163.62
181.12
200.58
216.82
224.37
134.27
139.30
148.60
156.65
166.04
109.52
115.53
122.85
128.31
136.61
1975.......................
1976.......................
1977.......................
1978.......................
1979.......................
205.49
226.55
248.46
270.44
290.50
164.86
188.33
202.98
222.88
240.16
143.64
154.81
169.26
183.92
195.32
198.77
219.06
239.95
262.91
283.86
247.20
276.22
305.62
342.76
371.36
202.51
223.99
242.31
259.94
278.26
219.10
238.55
259.79
284.34
306.39
183.28
198.40
217.76
234.55
254.29
245.23
276.05
309.40
333.80
351.44
178.94
198.68
214.77
233.54
251.74
146.69
156.75
169.17
181.97
196.06
Chemicals
and allied
products
Petroleum
and coal
products
Nondurable goods
Total
Food and
kindred
products
Tobacco
manufac
tures
Textile mill
products
Apparel
and other
textile
products
Paper and
allied
products
Printing
and
publishing
Rubber
and
miscella
neous,
plastics
products
Leather
and leather
products
1947.......................
1950.......................
1955.......................
$46.03
53.44
66.63
$45.92
52.88
68.89
$35.17
41.00
51.86
$40.99
48.59
55.34
$41.80
44.60
49.73
$49.69
60.53
78.01
$59.30
71.23
87.91
$50.26
61.64
80.97
$60.94
75.11
96.93
$51.83
60.35
81.93
$40.07
43.95
52.68
1960.......................
1961.......................
1962.......................
1963.......................
1964.......................
80.36
82.92
86.15
87.91
90.91
86.09
88.75
91.84
94.30
97.17
64.94
69.42
71.41
73.92
75.66
63.60
65.04
68.21
69.43
73.39
56.45
58.06
61.18
62.45
64.26
95.15
99.45
102.24
105.90
109.57
102.91
105.05
108.01
110.69
114.35
103.25
106.81
110.24
113.15
116.48
118.78
124.01
126.88
131.77
133.76
92.57
95.91
100.04
100.78
104.90
60.52
62.83
64.67
66.00
69.36
1965.......................
1966.......................
1967.......................
1968.......................
1969.......................
94.64
98.49
102.03
109.05
115.53
100.28
103.82
107.98
114.24
120.77
79.21
85.19
87.62
93.99
97.99
77.98
82.12
84.25
91.05
95.88
66.61
68.80
73.08
79.78
82.93
114.22
119.35
122.84
130.85
139.32
118.12
122.61
125.95
133.28
141.33
121.09
125.16
128.96
136.27
145.05
138.42
144.58
152.87
159.38
170.40
109.62
112.14
113.85
121.18
126.18
71.82
74.88
79.07
85.41
87.79
1970.......................
1971.......................
1972.......................
1973.......................
1974.......................
120.43
128.51
138.16
146.52
156.79
127.98
136.21
145.80
155.54
169.28
110.00
119.45
130.47
145.14
157.80
97.76
104.34
113.58
120.66
126.40
84.37
88.64
93.60
99.08
104.54
144.14
154.51
169.06
180.18
191.17
147.78
157.50
170.03
179.08
188.63
153.50
165.15
177.64
188.52
202.52
183.18
195.60
211.79
223.87
239.13
128.64
136.62
148.37
156.59
164.43
92.63
97.64
102.64
105.46
110.33
1975.......................
1976.......................
1977.......................
1978.......................
1979.......................
169.56
185.18
201.33
217.88
235.80
185.78
201.69
214.80
230.26
250.17
173.81
186.75
209.41
233.55
254.22
134.41
147.97
161.20
173.72
187.80
111.58
121.72
128.87
140.26
149.25
208.42
232.48
255.68
279.71
303.31
198.52
214.13
230.72
244.40
259.13
220.99
245.86
268.13
293.72
317.26
266.98
303.54
334.34
376.27
410.41
175.16
189.66
211.97
225.77
241.38
119.09
127.16
133.21
144.32
154.40
No
t e :
Data include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1 9 5 9 .
189
Table 96. Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, selected years, 1947-791
Spendable average weekly earnings
Spendable average weekly earnings
Category
and year
G ross average
weekly earnings
'Current
dollars
1967
dollars
Worker with no
dependents
Current
dollars
1967
dollars
Worker with three
dependents
Current
dollars
1967
dollars
Gross average
weekly earnings
Current
dollars
1967
dollars
Worker with no
dependents
Current
dollars
1967
dollars
Worker with three
dependents
Current
dollars
1967
dollars
Construction
Total Private
1947..................................
1950..................................
1955..................................
$45.58
53.13
67.72
$68.13
73.69
84.44
$39.16
46.02
56.27
$58.54
63.83
70.16
$44.64
52.04
63.41
$66.73
72.18
79.06
$58.83
69.68
90.90
$87.94
96.64
113.34
$49.92
59.58
74.59
$74.62
82.64
93.00
$55.50
65.94
82.16
$82.96
91.46
102.44
1960.................................
1961.................................
1962.................................
1963.................................
1964..„..............................
80.67
82.60
85.91
88.46
91.33
90.95
92.19
94.82
96.47
98.31
65.59
67.08
69.56
71.05
75.04
73.95
74.87
76.78
77.48
80.78
72.96
74.48
76.99
78.56
82.57
82.25
83.13
84.98
85.67
88.88
112.67
118.08
122.47
127.19
132.06
127.02
131.79
135.18
138.70
142.15
90.39
94.53
97.77
100.93
107.34
101.91
105.50
107.91
110.07
115.54
98.85
103.29
106.78
110.18
116.40
111.44
115.28
117.86
120.15
125.30
1965.................................
1966.................................
1967.................................
1968.................................
1969.................................
95.45
98.82
101.84
107.73
114.61
101.01
101.67
101.84
T03.39
104.38
79.32
81.29
83.38
86.71
90.96
83.94
83.63
83.38
83.21
82.84
86.63
88.66
90.86
95.28
99.99
91.67
91.21
90.86
91.44
91.07
138.38
146.26
154.95
164.49
181.54
146.43
150.47
154.95
157.86
165.34
113.82
118.02
124.51
128.85
140.41
120.44
121.42
124.51
123.66
127.88
122.83
127.38
134.33
139.98
152.80
129.98
131.05
134.33
134.34
139.16
1970.................................
1971..................................
1972..................................
1973..................................
1974..................................
119.83
127.31
136.90
145.39
154.76
103.04
104.95
109.26
109.23
104.78
96.21
103.80
112.19
117.51
124.37
82.73
85.57
89.54
88.29
84.20
104.90
112.43
121.68
127.38
134.61
90.20
92.69
97.11
95.70
91.14
195.45
211.67
221.19
235.89
249.25
168.06
174.50
176.53
177.23
168.75
153.15
168.96
176.68
185.10
193.10
131.69
139.29
141.01
139.07
130.74
166.05
181.44
190.13
199.30
208.06
142.78
149.58
151.74
149.74
140.87
1975..................................
1976..................................
1977..................................
1978..................................
1979.................................
163.53
175.45
189.00
203.70
219.91
101.45
102.90
104.13
104.30
101.02
132.49
143.30
155.19
165.39
178.00
82.19
84.05
85.50
84.69
81.76
145.65
155.87
169.93
180.71
194.82
90.35
91.42
93.63
92.53
89.49
266.08
283.73
295.65
318.32
341.69
165.06
166.41
162.89
162.99
156.95
206.38
221.87
228.88
243.01
260.45
128.03
130.13
126.10
124.43
119.64
223.65
238.16
250.31
266.03
286.20
138.74
139.68
137.91
136.22
131.47
Manufacturing
Mining
1947..................................
1950.................................
1955..................................
$59.89
67.16
89.54
$89.52
93.15
111.65
$50.78
57.51
73.50
$75.90
79.76
91.65
$56.38
63.81
81.04
$84.28
88.50
101.05
$49.13
58.28
75.30
$73.44
80.83
93.89
$42.07
50.23
62.19
$62.88
69.67
77.54
$47.55
56.32
69.47
$71.08
78.11
86.62
1960.................................
1961.................................
1962.................................
1963.................................
1964.................................
105.04
106.92
110.70
114.40
117.74
118.42
119.33
122.19
124.75
126.74
84.54
85.98
88.76
91.13
96.05
95.31
95.96
97.97
99.38
103.39
92.59
94.13
97.12
99.69
104.40
104.39
105.06
107.20
108.71
112.38
89.72
92.34
96.56
99.23
102.97
101.15
103.06
106.58
108.21
110.84
72.57
74.60
77.86
79.51
84.40
81.82
83.26
85.94
86.71
90.85
80.11
82.18
85.53
87.25
92.18
90.32
91.72
94.40
95.15
99.22
1965.................................
1966..................................
1967..................................
1968..................................
1969..................................
123.52
130.24
135.89
142.71
154.80
130.71
133.99
135.89
136.96
140.98
101.90
105.31
109.59
112.66
120.29
107.83
108.34
109.59
108.12
109.55
110.27
113.98
118.52
122.52
131.09
116.69
117.26
118.52
117.58
119.39
107.53
112.19
114.49
122.51
129.51
113.79
115.42
114.49
117.57
117.95
89.08
91.45
92.97
97.70
101.90
94.26
94.08
92.97
93.76
92.81
96.78
99.33
100.93
106.75
111.44
102.41
102.19
100.33
102.45
101.49
1970.................................
1971.................................
1972.................................
1973.................................
1974.................................
164.40
172.14
189.14
201.40
219.14
141.36
141.91
150.95
151.31
148.37
129.67
137.86
151.36
158.31
171.24
111.50
113.65
120.80
118.94
115.94
140.50
148.45
163.25
170.75
184.59
120.81
122.38
130.29
128.29
124.98
133.33
142.44
154.71
166.46
176.80
114.64
117.43
123.47
125.06
119.70
106.32
114.97
125.34
132.57
140.19
91.42
94.78
100.03
99.60
94.92
115.58
124.24
135.57
143.50
151.56
99.38
102.42
108.20
107.81
102.61
1975..................................
1976..................................
1977..................................
1978..................................
1979..................................
249.31
273.90
301.20
332.11
364.64
154.66
160.65
165.95
170.05
167.50
194.39
214.85
232.49
251.84
275.11
120.59
126.01
128.09
128.95
126.37
210.91
230.71
254.32
275.95
302.92
130.84
135.31
140.12
141.30
139.15
190.79
209.32
228.90
249.27
268.94
118.36
122.77
126.12
127.63
123.54
151.61
167.83
183.80
197.40
212.43
94.05
98.43
101.27
101.08
97.58
166.29
181.32
200.06
214.87
232.07
103.16
106.35
110.23
110.02
106.60
See footnotes at end of table.
190
Table 96. Gross and spendable average weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers 1on
private nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, selected years, 1947-79' —Continued
Spendable average weekly earnings
Spendable average weekly earnings
Category
and year
Gross
average weekly
earnings
Current
dollars
Worker with no
dependents
1967
dollars
Current
dollars
Worker with three
dependents
Current
dollars
1967
dollars
1967
dollars
Gross
average weekly
earnings
Current
dollars
1967
dollars
Transjportation and Public Utilities
Worker with no
dependents
Current
dollars
Worker with three
dependents
1967
dollars
Current
dollars
1967
dollars
Services
1964............................
1965............................
1966............................
1967............................
1968...........................
1969...........................
$118.78
125.14
128.13
130.82
138.85
147.74
$127.86
132.42
131.82
130.82
133.25
134.55
$96.87
103.20
103.62
105.53
109.84
115.08
$104.27
109.21
106.60
105.53
105.41
104.81
$105.27
111.64
112.20
114.22
119.54
125.47
$113.32
118.14
115.43
114.22
114.72
114.27
$70.03
73.60
77.04
80.38
83.97
90.57
$75.38
77.88
79.26
80.38
80.59
82.49
$58.35
61.89
64.17
66.64
68.65
73.08
$62.81
65.49
66.02
66.64
65.88
66.56
$65.52
68.43
71.10
73.64
76.53
81.49
$70.53
72.41
73.15
73.64
73.45
74.22
1970...........................
1971......................
1972....................
1973......................
1974...........................
155.93
168.82
187.86
203.31
217.48
134.08
139.18
149.93
152.75
147.24
123.15
135.23
150.34
159.70
170.03
105.89
111.48
119.98
119.98
115.12
133.52
145.67
162.18
172.24
183.29
114.81
120.09
129.43
129.41
124.10
96.66
103.06
110.85
117.29
126.00
83.11
84.96
88.47
88.12
85.31
78.80
85.77
92.86
96.96
103.33
67.76
70.71
74.11
72.85
69.96
86.66
93.25
101.06
105.44
112.27
74.51
76.88
80.65
1975.......................
1976.......................
1977....................
1978.......................
1979.......................
233.44
256.71
278.90
302.80
326.38
144.81
150.56
153.66
155.04
149.92
182.83
202.56
217.79
232.93
250.67
113.42
118.80
119.99
119.27
115.14
198.50
217.42
237.96
254.86
275.04
123.14
127.52
131.11
130.50
126.34
134.67
143.52
153.45
163.67
17527
83.54
84.18
84.55
83.80
80.51
111.46
119.70
128.99
136.34
145.31
69.14
70.21
71.07
69.81
66.75
125.12
132.15
142.26
149.92
162.04
77.62
77.51
78.38
76.76
74.43
7 9 .2 2
76.01
Finance, Insurance, and Real Estate 2
W holesale and Retail Trade
1947...........................
1950...........................
1955...........................
$38.07
44.55
55.16
$56.91
61.79
68.78
$33.01
38.92
46.44
$49.34
53.98
57.91
$37.69
43.88
53.36
$56.34
60.86
66.53
$43.21
50.52
63.92
$64.59
70.07
79.70
$37.22
43.86
53.30
$55.64
60.83
66.46
$42.70
49.76
60.37
$63.83
69.02
75.27
1960...........................
1961...........................
1962...........................
1963...........................
1964...........................
66.01
67.41
69.91
72.01
74.66
74.42
75.23
77.16
78.53
80.37
54.27
55.35
57.19
58.45
61.97
61.18
61.77
63.12
63.74
66.71
61.38
62.48
64.37
65.67
69.24
69.20
69.73
71.05
71.61
74.53
75.14
77.12
80.94
84.38
85.79
84.71
86.07
89.34
92.02
92.35
61.32
62.85
65.69
67.92
70.70
69.13
70.15
72.51
74.07
76.10
68.59
70.15
73.07
75.36
78.14
77.33
78.29
80.65
82.18
84.11
1965...........................
1966...........................
1967...........................
1968...........................
1969...........................
76.91
79.39
82.35
87.00
91.39
81.39
81.68
82.35
83.49
83.23
64.51
66.02
68.18
70.99
73.70
68.26
67.92
68.18
68.13
67.12
71.15
73.00
75.22
78.97
82.14
75.29
75.10
75.22
75.79
74.81
88.91
92.13
95.72
101.75
108.70
94.08
94.78
95.72
97.65
99.00
74.02
76.05
78.68
82.27
86.62
78.33
78.24
78.68
78.95
78.89
81.20
83.29
86.00
90.66
95.50
85.93
85.69
86.00
87.01
86.98
1970............................
1971............................
1972............................
1973............................
1974.......... .................
96.02
101.09
106.45
111.76
119.02
82.56
83.34
84.96
83.97
80.58
78.30
84.28
89.53
92.83
98.22
67.33
69.48
71.45
69.74
66.50
86.15
91.68
97.55
101.06
106.80
74.08
75.58
77.85
75.93
72.31
112.67
117.85
122.98
129.20
137.61
96.88
97.16
98.15
97.07
93.17
90.85
96.82
101.92
105.67
111.82
78.12
79.82
81.34
79.39
75.71
99.23
104.98
110.71
114.77
121.34
85.32
86.55
88.36
86.23
82.15
1975............................
1976............................
1977............................
1978............................
1979............................
126.45
133.79
142.52
153.64
164.96
78.44
78.47
78.52
78.67
75.77
105.45
112.38
120.77
128.82
137.60
65.42
65.91
66.54
65.96
63.21
119.05
125.50
134.18
142.08
154.97
73.85
73.61
73.93
72.75
71.19
148.19
155.43
165.26
178.36
191.66
91.93
91.16
91.05
91.33
88.04
121.35
128.65
137.86
147.16
157.41
75.28
75.45
75.96
75.35
72.31
134.33
140.43
151.49
161.37
172.91
83.33
82.36
83.47
82.63
79.43
'D ata relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transpor
tation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and
real estate; and services.
191
2Excludes data on nonoffice salesmen,
NOTEiData include Alaska and Hawaii beginning in 1959.
Table 97. Average hourly earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State,
selected years, 1948-79
Region and State
1948
1949
1950
1960
1955
1962
1961
1963
Region I:
M a in e .............................................................
New H am pshire.............................................
Verm ont.........................................................
M assachusetts...............................................
Rhode Island..................................................
Connecticut....................................................
11.16
1.16
—
—
11.23
11.34
1.15
1.18
11.14
—
1.23
1.37
1.19
1.21
1.21
1.38
1.28
1.43
1.45
1.47
1.51
1.71
1.55
1.88
1.77
1.77
2 1.85
2.09
1.88
2.32
1.83
1.82
1.89
2.17
1.94
2.39
1.89
1.88
1.96
2.24
1.99
2.46
1.95
1.93
2.02
2.29
2.04
2.54
Region II:
New Y ork........................................................
New Je rs e y ....................................................
11.44
11.39
1.49
1.45
1.52
1.51
1.90
1.94
2.31
2.37
2.38
2.44
2.44
2.51
2.52
2.59
Region III:
Pennsylvania..................................................
Delaware.........................................................
Maryland.........................................................
District of Colum bia3......................................
Virginia...........................................................
West Virginia..................................................
1.33
1.31
—
—
—
—
1.38
1.37
—
—
—
—
1.43
1.42
1.36
—
11.18
—
1.88
1.84
1.82
2.03
1.45
11.91
2.31
2.31
2.26
2.49
1.77
2.41
2.35
2.32
2.34
2.55
1.85
2.48
2.41
2.41
2.40
2.61
1.91
2.55
2.48
2.55
2.48
2.73
1.96
2.61
Region IV:
North Carolina................................................
South C arolin a...............................................
G eo rgia..........................................................
Florida............................................................
Kentucky.........................................................
Tennessee......................................................
Alabam a..........................................................
M ississip p i......................................................
—
—
—
*.96
—
11.06
—
—
—
11.05
11.00
1.00
—
1.12
1.10
—
11.10
1.11
1.08
1.09
—
1.19
1.18
.97
1.28
1.30
1.34
1.40
11.75
1.49
1.49
1.20
1.54
1.57
1.66
1.86
2.13
1.84
1.92
11.52
1.58
1.61
1.69
1.93
2.21
1.88
2.00
1.56
1.64
1.68
1.77
1.99
2.27
1.93
2.06
1.64
1.68
1.71
1.83
2.06
2.35
1.96
2.11
1.69
—
1.43
1.43
—
1.50
1.49
—
1.57
1.53
2.11
2.03
2.00
2.68
2.56
2.52
2.41
2.45
2.76
2.65
2.60
—
2.51
2.52
2.83
2.73
2.67
—
2.58
2.56
Region V:
O hio................................................................
Indiana...........................................................
Illinois.............................................................
M ichigan.........................................................
W isco nsin.......................................................
Minnesota.......................................................
1.34
1.30
1.40
1.37
1.47
1.44
1.92
1.90
2.60
2.51
2.45
—
2.37
2.36
Region VI:
Arkansas.........................................................
Louisiana........................................................
O klahom a.......................................................
T e x a s .............................................................
New M e x ic o ...................................................
—
—
11.22
—
—
.94
—
1.29
1.27
11.22
1.02
1.25
11.35
1.35
11.33
1.29
1.66
1.78
1.80
1.83
1.56
2.12
2.10
2.17
2.08
1.61
2.22
2.14
2.25
2.13
1.66
2.30
2.19
2.32
2.20
1.72
2.39
2.27
2.35
2.27
—
1.36
1.40
—
1.26
—
1.84
1.79
1.70
—
2.35
2.24
2 2.08
—
2.45
2.30
2.15
—
2.53
2.38
2.20
—
2.62
2.46
2.28
—
—
1.59
2.08
2.03
—
1.97
2.02
2.45
2.54
2.46
2.13
2.17
2.58
2.61
—
2.66
2.39
2.24
2.67
2.69
_
1.93
2.09
2.09
2.55
2.56
—
2.59
Region VII:
Iowa................................................................
Missouri...........................................................
N eb raska........................................................
K a n sas...........................................................
Region VIII:
North Dakota..................................................
South Dakota.................................................
Montana..........................................................
W yoming.........................................................
C olorad o.........................................................
Utah.................................................. ..............
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1.30
—
1.37
1.29
1.61
1.74
—
1.41
Region IX:
Arizona............................................................
Nevada...........................................................
California.........................................................
H aw aii............................................................
—
—
1.53
—
1.43
—
1.60
—
1.46
1.69
1.65
—
2.01
2.23
2.11
—
2.46
2.75
2.62
—
2.52
2.89
2.72
1.89
2.57
3.04
2.79
1.93
2.67
3.12
2.88
2.04
Region X:
Idaho..............................................................
W ashington....................................................
O regon............................................................
A la s k a .............................................................
—
1.60
—
—
—
1.65
—
—
1.56
1.73
1.79
—
1.93
2.17
2.26
—
2.25
2.63
2.55
—
2.28
2.72
2.60
3.37
2.34
2.81
2.64
3.49
2.39
2.87
2.72
3.38
—
—
—
—
See footnotes at end of table.
192
—
2.71
Table 97. Average hourly earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State,
selected years, 1948-79— Continued
Region and State
1965
1964
1967
1966
1970
1969
1968
1971
Region I:
M a in e .............................................................
New H am pshire..............................................
Verm ont..........................................................
M assachusetts...............................................
Rhode Island..................................................
Connecticut....................................................
2.00
2.00
2.08
2.37
2.11
2.62
2.06
2.06
2.17
2.45
2.18
2.69
2.15
2.14
2.30
2.57
2.27
2.82
2.27
2.27
2.44
2.70
2.39
2.93
2.41
2.45
2.59
2.86
2.53
3.07
2.55
2.61
2.76
3.04
2.69
3.28
2.71
2.81
2.93
3.23
2.85
3.43
2.86
3.03
3.12
3.42
2.99
3.61
Region II:
New York........................................................
New Je rs e y ...................................................
2.60
2.67
2.68
2.74
2.77
2.84
2.89
2.93
3.06
3.09
3.24
3.25
3.46
3.46
3.73
3.72
Region III:
Pennsylvania..................................................
Delaware.........................................................
Maryland.........................................................
District of Colum bia3......................................
Virginia............................................................
West Virginia..................................................
2.55
2.65
2.54
2.77
2.04
2.67
2.66
2.77
2.62
2.82
2.11
2.74
2.72
2.84
2.72
2.95
2.18
2.82
2.82
2.95
2.82
3.07
2.29
2.91
2.98
3.17
3.02
3.27
2.46
3.03
3.18
3.23
3.22
3.54
2.60
3.20
3.36
3.44
3.40
3.81
2.73
3.42
3.59
3.84
3.62
4.17
2.88
3.61
Region IV:
North Carolina................................................
South C arolin a...............................................
G eo rgia............. .............................................
Florida............................................................
Kentucky.........................................................
Tennessee......................................................
Alabam a..........................................................
M ississip p i......................................................
1.75
1.80
1.92
2.11
2.43
2.03
2.17
1.76
1.82
1.88
2.01
2.16
2.51
2.09
2.24
1.82
1.92
1.96
2.09
2.26
2.55
2.16
2.31
1.90
2.03
2.07
2.21
2.39
2.71
2.28
2.40
2.03
2.19
2.24
2.37
2.55
2.90
2.46
2.55
2.23
2.33
2.39
2.55
2.73
3.06
2.60
2.71
2.33
2.46
2.51
2.67
2.89
3.27
2.73
2.90
2.43
2.60
2.65
2.84
3.07
3.44
2.89
3.03
2.57
2.91
2.81
2.76
3.10
3.02
2.95
3.19
3.11
3.07
3.41
3.33
3.25
3.63
3.52
3.46
2.87
2.80
2.99
2.97
3.18
3.13
3.40
3.32
3.81
3.72
3.65
—
3.61
3.54
4.11
4.02
3.93
—
3.86
3.80
Region V:
O hio................................................................
Indiana...........................................................
Illinois.............................................................
M ichigan.........................................................
W isco nsin.......................................................
M innesota.......................................................
2.66
2.64
3.01
2.92
2.83
—
2.75
2.72
Region VI:
A rkansas................................. .......................
Lou isian a........................................................
O klahom a.......................................................
T e x a s .............................................................
New M e x ic o ...................................................
1.78
2.49
2.35
2.42
2.29
1.83
2.55
2.41
2.48
2.31
1.89
2.67
2.51
2.57
2.32
2.02
2.72
2.62
2.68
2.41
2.21
2.91
2.79
2.88
2.53
2.33
3.08
2.95
3.02
2.63
2.48
3.28
3.09
3.18
2.68
2.63
3.46
3.25
3.34
2.86
Region VII:
Iowa................................................................
Missouri...........................................................
N eb raska........................................................
K a n sas............................................................
2.71
2.53
2.36
—
2.78
2.62
2.40
—
2.91
2.72
2.47
—
3.01
2.86
2.63
—
3.22
3.05
2.80
—
3.44
3.21
2.98
—
3.70
3.39
3.21
—
4.00
3.60
3.38
—
Region VIII:
North Dakota..................................................
South D akota.................................................
Montana..........................................................
W yoming.........................................................
C olorad o.........................................................
Utah................................................................
2.28
2.34
2.71
2.82
—
2.77
2.36
2.37
2.80
2.86
—
2.84
2.48
2.42
2.91
2.94
—
2.94
2.52
2.57
3.09
3.05
—
3.01
2.69
2.69
3.26
3.07
—
3.15
2.78
2.80
3.43
3.16
—
3.27
2.93
2.98
3.70
3.36
—
2 3.26
3.17
3.11
3.95
3.59
—
3.41
Region IX:
Arizona............................................................
Nevada.......- ...................................................
California.........................................................
H aw aii.............................................................
2.72
3.16
2.96
2.14
2.77
3.18
3.05
2.28
2.85
3.28
3.16
2.44
2.91
3.59
3.29
2.56
3.02
3.84
3.44
2.81
3.10
3.96
3.62
3.02
3.31
4.09
3.80
3.17
3.62
4.21
4.02
3.36
Region X:
Idaho..............................................................
W ashington....................................................
O regon............................................................
A la s k a .............................................................
2.50
2.98
2.85
3.54
2.65
3.09
2.94
3.70
2.73
3.25
3.05
3.90
2.85
3.37
3.16
4.23
2.99
3.57
3.35
4.31
3.16
3.85
3.59
4.40
3.29
4.06
3.82
4.66
3.54
4.26
4.09
5.34
—
—
See footnotes at end of table.
193
—
—
—
Table 97. Average hourly earning of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State,
selected years, 1948-79— Continued
Region and State
1972
1974
1973
1975
1976
1978
1977
1979
Region I:
M a in e .............................................................
New Ham pshire.............................................
Verm ont..........................................................
M assachusetts...............................................
Rhode Island..................................................
Connecticut....................................................
3.03
3.20
3.28
3.65
3.15
3.87
3.23
3.39
3.50
3.89
3.37
4.14
3.51
3.65
3.78
4.16
3.62
4.42
3.81
3.97
4.07
4.48
3.84
4.78
4.16
4.26
4.40
4.79
4.15
5.12
4.52
4.56
4.70
5.13
4.39
5.56
4.91
4.93
5.10
5.54
4.71
5.96
5.53
—
5.10
6.43
Region II:
New Y ork........................................................
New Je rs e y ....................................................
3.98
3.99
4.20
4.26
4.53
4.57
4.91
4.99
5.27
5.33
5.67
5.80
6.08
6.20
6.57
6.66
Region III:
Pennsylvania..................................................
Delaware.........................................................
M aryland.........................................................
District of Columbia 3......................................
Virginia...........................................................
West Virginia..................................................
3.88
4.04
3.92
4.51
3.10
3.87
4.16
4.29
4.22
4.80
3.34
4.14
4.57
4.62
4.62
5.20
3.65
4.53
4.98
5.02
5.04
5.52
3.99
4.93
5.36
5.51
5.52
5.44
4.30
5.42
5.85
5.94
6.05
5.50
4.69
6.06
6.37
6.58
6.46
2 6.72
5.11
6.68
6.97
7.05
7.09
2 7.74
5.58
7.41
Region IV:
North Carolina................................................
South C arolin a...............................................
G eo rgia...........................................................
Florida............................................................
Kentucky.........................................................
Tennessee......................................................
Alabam a..........................................................
M ississippi......................................................
2.77
2.80
3.04
3.20
3.70
3.07
3.25
2.75
2.99
3.03
3.25
3.45
4.00
3.29
3.42
2.95
3.28
3.32
3.50
3.76
4.36
3.62
3.73
3.19
3.52
3.59
3.80
4.11
4.77
3.93
4.10
3.58
3.79
3.91
4.10
4.36
5.15
4.24
4.46
3.83
4.10
4.28
4.46
4.63
5.69
4.68
4.89
4.15
4.47
4.66
4.88
5.07
6.26
5.13
5.40
4.56
4.87
5.10
5.27
5.48
6.77
5.56
5.95
4.95
4.45
4.35
4.28
5.13
5.04
4.97
5.57
5.49
5.53
4.81
4.67
5.26
5.10
6.10
6.00
5.85
—
5.69
5.53
6.74
6.60
6.28
4.15
4.00
4.76
4.65
4.57
—
4.45
4.22
6.16
5.97
7.29
7.17
6.76
—
6.69
6.44
7.84
7.74
7.30
8.73
7.27
6.93
Region VI:
Arkansas.........................................................
Louisiana........................................................
O klahom a.......................................................
T e x a s .............................................................
New M e x ic o ...................................................
2.79
3.68
3.49
3.51
2.88
2.99
3.98
3.69
3.73
3.08
3.30
4.40
4.01
4.08
3.31
3.69
4.88
4.45
4.57
3.63
3.91
5.33
4.83
M .98
4.07
4.30
5.75
5.31
5.42
4.43
4.72
6.42
5.81
5.88
4.79
5.19
6.97
6.53
6.46
5.37
Region VII:
Iowa................................................................
Missouri..........................................................
N eb raska........................................................
K a n sas...........................................................
4.30
3.78
3.55
—
4.49
4.05
3.75
—
4.91
4.39
4.15
—
5.40
4.80
4.63
—
*5.85
5.20
4.93
—
6.43
5.75
5.39
—
7.00
6.21
5.83
—
7.75
6.70
6.53
6.77
Region VIII:
North Dakota..................................................
South D akota.................................................
Montana.................................... .....................
Wyoming.........................................................
C olorado.........................................................
Utah................................................................
3.31
3.17
4.11
3.45
—
3.62
3.55
3.37
4.53
4.03
—
3.83
3.83
3.77
5.05
4.52
—
4.19
4.31
4.21
5.53
4.92
—
4.61
4.75
4.51
5.93
5.43
—
4.89
5.19
4.84
6.53
5.70
5.80
5.18
5.55
5.19
7.81
6.18
6.21
5.68
5.98
5.70
8.44
6.62
6.75
6.27
Region IX:
Arizona............................................................
Nevada............ ...............................................
California............................ ............................
H aw aii............................................................
3.85
4.46
4.25
3.59
4.03
4.71
4.44
3.93
4.40
4.89
4.76
4.24
4.85
5.26
5.22
4.68
5.19
5.61
5.59
5.14
5.55
6.10
6.00
5.51
6.03
6.54
6.43
5.90
6.62
6.95
7.03
6.38
Region X:
Idaho..............................................................
W ashington....................................................
O regon............................................................
A la s k a .............................................................
3.69
4.54
4.30
5.92
4.05
4.83
4.60
5.97
4.41
5.24
5.01
7.10
4.77
5.82
5.53
8.09
5.29
6.36
6.07
7.82
5.82
6.83
6.67
9.12
6.53
7.56
7.23
8.86
6.92
8.39
7.92
2 9.48
Region V:
O hio................................................................
Indiana...........................................................
Illinois.............................................................
M ichigan.........................................................
W isco nsin.......................................................
Minnesota.......................................................
1Beginning with this year, data are based on the 1972
—
—
—
—
N o t e : Beginning in 1972, data for all States except Iowa and Texas are
based on the 1972 SIC Manual. Data for Iowa (1949-75) and Texas (194975) and, unless otherwise noted, data prior to 1972 for all other States, are
based on the 1967 SIC Manual. Dashes indicate data are not available.
S ta n d a rd In d u stria l
C la s s ific a tio n M a n u a l.
2 Data are not strictly comparable with prior years.
8 Data relate to Washington, D.C., Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
—
5.42
194
Table 98. Average weekly earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State,
selected years, 1948-79
Region and State
Region I:
M a in e .............................................................
New H am pshire..............................................
Verm ont................................................ .........
M assachusetts...............................................
Rhode Island..................................................
Connecticut....................................................
Region II:
New Y ork........................................................
New Je rs e y ....................................................
Region III:
Pennsylvania..................................................
Delaware.........................................................
Maryland.........................................................
District of Colum bia3......................................
Virginia...........................................................
West Virginia..................................................
1950
1949
1948
1955
1960
1961
1962
1963
51.46
148.51
155.27
45.81
45.49
*46.16
51.42
47.72
53.57
48.93
48.64
50.77
55.98
51.72
59.69
58.98
60.12
63.57
69.09
62.47
78.21
71.15
70.45
2 76.59
81.96
73.70
93.26
73.38
73.35
78.06
85.55
77.60
97.27
76.73
76.33
82.12
89.16
79.80
101.35
79.56
77.59
83.22
91.16
82.42
104.90
156.88
156.37
57.22
56.97
59.55
61.65
75.17
79.16
89.61
93.93
92.21
97.60
96.02
101.66
98.78
104.90
52.80
53.70
—
52.99
54.54
—
56.77
58.30
55.46
75.20
74.70
74.52
81.60
59.30
*75.45
89.86
91.01
90.63
97.61
70.62
93.27
91.65
93.03
93.37
102.25
74.56
97.96
94.95
98.33
96.48
104.13
78.31
101.29
98.21
104.30
100.44
108.38
80.16
104.40
147.55
46.63
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
*47.55
—
—
Region IV:
North Carolina................................................
South Carolina...............................................
G eorgia...........................................................
Florida............................................................
Kentucky.........................................................
Tennessee......................................................
Alabam a..........................................................
M ississip p i......................................................
—
—
—
141.18
—
142.82
—
—
—
139.96
138.80
42.39
—
44.35
43.34
—
143.34
44.51
43.52
46.20
■ —
47.84
47.32
39.68
51.46
53.30
54.00
58.10
*71,75
60.64
60.34
' 49.80
61.14
63.27
65.40
76.07
83.92
73.23
75.65
*60.50
63.36
65.20
67.09
79.71
88.18
75.20
79.20
61.93
66.91
69.22
70.98
82.19
91.03
78.16
82.61
65.27
68.38
70.11
73.38
85.28
95.18
79.58
85.46
68.28
Region V:
O hio................................................................
Indiana............................................................
Illinois.............................................................
M ichigan.........................................................
W isco nsin.......................................................
M innesota.......................................................
—
58.03
58.49
—
56.31
53.35
—
59.34
58.95
—
56.39
55.15
—
64.34
62.69
—
61.71
59.06
86.77
83.47
82.27
—
80.61
78.30
104.13
100.49
97.70
—
96.32
95.07
107.15
102.78
100.99
—
97.66
99.46
112.59
108.29
105.27
—
103.86
102.35
116.13
112.01
108.71
—
106.41
104.58
Region VI:
A rkansas.........................................................
Lou isian a........................................................
O klahom a...................... ................................
T e x a s .............................................................
New M e x ic o ...................................................
—
—
152.09
—
—
38.92
—
53.41
53.34
153.68
42.33
50.63
*57.10
57.10
*58.25
53.41
69.55
73.87
75.78
77.41
62.71
86.71
85.47
89.19
82.58
64.56
90.58
87.53
92.48
84.99
66.23
96.14
90.23
96.05
88.88
69.83
100.62
93.75
97.29
92.84
—
55.72
58.16
93.68
87.57
2 87.41
—
97.68
90.04
91.15
—
100.83
94.52
94.26
—
105.47
98.41
97.96
—
Region VII:
Iowa................................................................
Missouri...........................................................
N eb raska........................................................
K a n sas............................................................
—
—
—
—
—
—
53.23
—
75.73
71.24
71.83
—
Region VIII:
North Dakota..................................................
South D akota.................................................
Montana..........................................................
Wyoming.........................................................
C olorado.........................................................
Utah................................................................
—
—
—
—
—
52.26
—
—
—
—
—
54.53
—
56.12
64.58
68.56
—
57.10
—
72.66
85.66
83.23
—
76.81
81.85
90.90
96.04
95.25
—
98.89
87.48
95.19
102.77
96.00
—
104.12
88.20
97.87
103.20
96.83
—
106.67
101.08
101.70
106.00
102.49
—
109.21
Region IX:
Arizona............................................................
Nevada............................................................
California.........................................................
H aw aii....................................... .....................
—
—
59.57
—
58.63
—
61.89
—
62.63
73.85
65.39
—
83.62
88.98
85.24
—
99.14
113.30
104.28
—
101.81
115.60
108.53
72.39
102.80
121.60
112.44
72.57
107.87
122.93
115.78
77.52
—
61.73
—
63.56
—
—
63.96
67.63
70.00
—
80.29
84.68
88.25
—
90.00
101.78
97.04
—
90.52
106.08
100.36
135.81
92.66
110.71
103.22
145.88
96.56
112.50
106.90
145.68
Region X:
Idaho..............................................................
W ashington....................................................
O regon............................................................
A la s k a .............................................................
—
—
—
See footnotes at end of table.
195
Table 98. Average weekly earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State,
selected years, 1948-79— Continued
Region and State
1964
1965
1967
1966
1969
1968
1971
1970
Region I:
M a in e .............................................................
New Ham pshire.............................................
Verm ont.........................................................
M assachusetts...............................................
Rhode Island..................................................
Connecticut....................................................
81.60
81.20
86.32
94.56
84.19
108.47
85.08
84.25
92.01
98.74
88.51
113.25
89.23
87.95
98.90
104.60
92.39
121.82
93.07
91.71
102.72
108.00
96.80
123.65
98.09
98.74
108.00
114.40
101.96
128.63
102.51
103.10
114.54
120.69
107.87
136.78
108.67
109.03
120.13
126.62
111.72
140.29
113.83
118.47
128.54
134.75
117.51
146.21
Region II:
New Y ork........................................................
New J e rs e y ....................................................
102.44
108.40
106.40
112.34
111.35
117.29
114.44
118.96
121.48
125.76
128.30
132.60
134.59
139.44
145.84
150.29
Region III:
Pennsylvania..................................................
Delaware.........................................................
Maryland.........................................................
District of Colum bia3......................................
Virginia...........................................................
W est Virginia..................................................
102.00
108.39
103.38
108.95
83.84
107.33
107.73
114.96
107.94
113.51
87.56
110.70
110.98
116.44
112.06
119.18
90.69
114.21
112.52
117.71
114.21
122.80
93.43
116.40
119.20
129.34
122.61
129.17
101.11
122.41
127.52
130.17
131.38
138.77
106.60
128.64
131.71
136.22
136.34
147.83
109.20
136.12
140.73
154.37
143.71
163.88
115.78
142.96
Region IV:
North Carolina 2 ..............................................
South C aro lin a...............................................
G eo rgia..........................................................
Florida............................................................
Kentucky.........................................................
Tennessee......................................................
Alabam a..........................................................
M ississippi......................................................
71.58
73.98
77.95
87.78
98.66
82.82
88.97
71.46
75.17
78.77
82.61
91.37
102.91
85.27
93.63
74.98
79.49
82.32
86.11
96.05
104.30
88.13
96.33
78.85
81.81
84.66
89.73
100.86
107.87
91.43
98.16
82.62
88.48
92.06
96.70
105.82
117.23
99.38
105.32
91.43
94.13
98.47
104.55
113.30
122.71
105.04
111.38
95.06
97.17
100.90
106.27
118.78
128.84
108.93
1116.87
97.69
104.00
108.38
114.74
125.26
134.85
115.89
123.93
103.83
120.93
115.80
113.00
127.02
121.66
117.28
131.56
126.54
123.04
132.48
126.58
125.04
142.58
136.86
132.53
152.10
143.97
141.69
154.69
149.17
147.03
Region V:
O hio................................................................
Indiana...........................................................
Illinois.....................................................;.......
M ichigan.........................................................
W isconsin.......................................................
Minnesota.......................................................
110.60
107.96
114.55
112.20
120.68
116.13
123.05
122.12
130.97
128.87
140.72
136.73
145.78
141.30
167.28
161.20
157.57
—
156.31
151.28
Region VI:
A rkansas.........................................................
Louisiana........................................................
O klahom a.......................................................
T e x a s .............................................................
New M e x ic o ...................................................
72.09
104.58
98.23
100.91
90.91
75.03
107.87
101.22
103.91
93.79
78.25
113.48
104.67
107.94
93.03
81.41
114.78
107.16
111.49
97.12
88.84
121.93
114.11
119.81
102.47
94.13
128.74
121.25
125.03
104.41
98.70
137.10
126.07
129.43
104.52
104.94
145.32
130.98
135.94
112.68
Region VII:
Iowa................................................................
Missouri............................ ..............................
N eb raska........................................................
K a n sas...........................................................
109.90
101.32
101.93
—
113.36
105.51
103.67
—
119.71
110.70
106.62
—
123.33
114.97
110.82
130.14
122.31
119.38
—
137.94
127.76
127.84
—
146.89
133.23
134.79
—
159.60
141.84
140.69
Region VIII:
North Dakota..................................................
South D akota.................................................
Montana..........................................................
Wyoming.........................................................
C olorado.........................................................
Utah................................................................
96.40
106.70
109.76
108.57
—
111.91
100.38
103.81
114.80
108.39
—
114.45
104.53
110.35
118.15
113.19
—
119.36
102.40
117.96
122.36
120.48
—
120.70
105.01
121.32
133.33
118.50
—
126.63
110.92
121.52
138.23
123.24
—
129.49
119.25
132.91
148.00
130.03
—
2127.47
129.02
136.84
157.21
142.88
_
134.01
Region IX:
Arizona...........................................................
Nevada...........................................................
California.........................................................
H aw aii............................................................
109.62
126.72
119.29
82.18
113.85
126.88
123.83
89.60
118.28
132.51
128.93
98.58
119.02
142.52
132.92
100.35
123.52
150.14
138.63
112.68
126.17
157.61
145.89
119.59
132.40
160.74
150.48
126.80
146.25
167.56
158.79
133.73
Region X:
lda!\p..............................................................
W ashington....................................................
O regon............................................................
A la s k a ............................................................
99.50
117.11
112.01
152.93
106.00
122.06
117.01
159.47
111.11
129.03
120.78
164.97
112.58
133.12
123.24
168.78
119.30
141.73
132.66
171.97
122.92
152.08
140.37
185.24
127.98
158.75
148.22
191.99
138.06
166.57
158.69
214.13
—
—
(
—
See footnotes at end of table.
196
—
—
—
—
—
—
Table 98. Average weekly earnings of production workers on manufacturing payrolls by State,
selected years, 1948-79— Continued
Region and State
1972
1974
1973
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Region I:
M a in e .............................................................
New Ham pshire.............................................
Verm ont..........................................................
M assachusetts...............................................
Rhode Island..................................................
Connecticut....................................................
123.32
127.36
136.12
146.37
124.43
160.61
131.78
134.92
145.25
157.55
132.44
174.29
141.45
143.44
155.36
165.98
141.90
182.99
152.02
155.23
164.43
175.17
149.04
193.59
165.98
168.70
180.40
190.16
163.93
208.90
179.90
182.40
191.76
204.69
171.65
230.74
197.38
198.19
209.10
222.71
183.22
250.32
217.34
Region II:
New Y ork........................................................
New Je rs e y ....................................................
157.61
163.35
167.58
176.41
178.48
186.11
191.00
199.68
207.64
215.71
224.53
239.79
241.98
255.44
260.17
277.36
Region III:
Pennsylvania..................................................
Delaware........................................................
M aryland................................. .......................
District of Colum bia3......................................
Virginia...........................................................
West Virginia..................................................
154.42
162.00
157.58
176.79
126.48
154.80
167.23
172.89
170.91
186.72
135.60
165.60
180.97
182.03
184.34
199.16
145.27
179.39
193.22
197.29
197.06
212.52
156.41
192.27
210.11
220.40
218.59
209.98
171.57
212.46
231.08
235.22
241.40
211.20
187.13
239.37
254.80
263.20
257.75
2 262.75
203.38
264.53
278.10
279.18
283.60
2 303.41
221.53
293.44
Region IV:
North Carolina2 .............................................
South Carolina...............................................
G eo rgia..........................................................
Florida............................................................
Kentucky........................................................
Tennessee......................................................
Alabam a.........................................................
M ississippi......................................................
112.74
115.92
124.64
131.84
149.48
124.64
133.25
113.03
119.90
122.72
131.63
141.45
161.20
132.92
140.22
118.89
128.25
132.14
139.30
151.15
172.66
144.44
151.06
125.37
135.17
141.45
150.10
164.40
184.60
156.41
161.95
140.69
149.33
157.96
164.41
176.14
202.91
170.87
181.08
153.20
162.36
173.77
180.63
188.44
224.75
188.14
198.04
166.42
177.91
190.13
195.69
207.36
247.90
203.15
219.24
181.94
192.85
208.08
207.64
221.94
266.74
220.73
242.16
196.02
185.12
178.79
175.55
201.35
192.98
187.85
211.36
204.62
200.69
252.54
243.60
236.11
—
230.91
220.09
283.08
271.92
254.91
250.06
238.80
306.91
295.40
271.42
—
274.21
258.89
325.36
315.94
296.66
359.72
297.00
277.20
—
225.62
—
199.41
270.06
Region V:
O hio................................................................
Indiana...........................................................
Illinois.............................................................
M ichig an.........................................................
W isconsin.......................................................
Minnesdta.......................................................
171.04
162.80
183.99
173.02
197.43
186.33
224.47
218.50
219.13
—
212.25
199.92
Region VI:
Arkansas.........................................................
Lou isian a........................................................
O klahom a.......................................................
T e x a s .............................................................
New M e xic o ...................................................
112.16
155.66
141.34
143.91
115.49
119.30
164.77
149.81
152.93
121.35
129.36
176.44
162.40
166.06
127.10
143.17
208.86
178.00
185.54
141.57
154.84
220.13
194.65
1203.68
160.77
170.71
240.35
214.52
222.76
171.88
185.50
267.07
233.56
242.84
187.77
205.52
287.86
264.46
265.51
212.66
Region VII:
Iowa................................................................
Missouri...........................................................
N eb raska........................................................
K a n sa s...........................................................
174.15
150.44
148.07
—
180.95
161.19
156.78
—
198.86
172.53
170.98
—
214.38
187.20
187.66
—
1233.42
206.96
202.57
—
257.84
231.15
219.91
—
280.70
248.40
239.61
—
313.88
264.65
269.69
276.22
133.06
137.26
165.63
133.10
139.56
143.42
143.56
178.03
155.58
—
148.62
153.97
157.21
195.94
171.71
—
162.02
171.97
171.35
210.14
190.36
—
175.77
185.73
179.95
236.01
218.11
—
191.69
200.33
190.21
272.95
226.82
228.52
207.15
220.34
216.42
333.49
238.32
244.05
224.36
234.42
238.83
362.08
248.25
264.60
244.53
Region IX:
Arizona............................................................
Nevada...........................................................
California.........................................................
H aw aii.................................................. ..........
155.92
179.29
170.43
141.81
160.39
188.40
178.93
156.81
172.48
189.73
188.97
167.06
189.15
200.93
205.67
182.99
205.00
218.23
221.92
200.46
222.56
236.68
240.60
209.38
243.01
251.79
257.84
227.74
268.77
267.58
280.50
244.35
Region X:
Idaho..............................................................
W ashington....................................................
Oregon...........................................................
A la s k a ............................................................
145.39
179.78
169.42
237.39
157.14
189.34
180.78
239.40
171.99
203.84
194.39
287.55
185.08
225.23
212.35
296.09
204.72
248.68
236.12
316.71
228.73
267.74
257.46
394.90
253.36
297.11
281.97
375.66
265.04
323.85
304.92
2 402.74
Region VIII:
North Dakota..................................................
South D akota.................................................
Montana..........................................................
W yoming.........................................................
Colorado.........................................................
Utah................................................................
—
—
1Beginning with this year, data are based on the 1972
—
—
N o t e : Beginning in 1972, data for all States except Iowa and Texas are
based on the 1972 SIC Manual. Data for Iowa (1949-75) and Texas (194975) and, unless otherwise noted, data prior to 1972 for all other States, are
based on the 1967 SIC Manual. Dashes indicate data are not available.
S ta n d a rd In d u stria l
C la s s ific a tio n M a n u a l.
2 Data are not strictly comparable with prior years.
3 Data relate to Washington, D.C., Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area.
—
197
Technical Notes
Other Employment Surveys
Farm Employment and Wage Rates
Government Employment and Payrolls
(Covers table 99)
(Covers table 100)
The nonprobability mail survey was the primary
data collection method for both farm labor and wage
information prior to 1975. In January of that year,
these programs were converted to a quarterly prob
ability survey based on the multiple-frame sampling
concept in order to supply more accurate and more
representative data for employment and wage esti
mates. Wage rates are averages of data that are col
lected quarterly. Estimates of annual farm employ
ment for 1910-73 are averages based on the number
of persons reported as doing farm work during one
survey week, the last full calendar week ending at
least the day before the end of each month. Beginning
in 1974, employment data are averages of data that
are collected quarterly.
Family workers include farm operators doing 1 or
more hours of farm work, and members of their fami
lies doing 15 hours or more of unpaid farm work
during the survey week. All persons doing farm work
for pay during the week are counted as hired work
ers.
Estimates in the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s
series on employment may exceed those of other
agencies, which may exclude children under 16 years
of age, farm workers meeting the employment re
quirements on two farms or more in the survey week,
or persons whose major employment is nonagricultural. Prior to 1974, USDA’s farm wage rate series
was a composite of average rates compiled from re
ports submitted by individual farmers for their local
ities. Because of the general nature of the question
naire, certain types of farms probably are overrepre
sented. The composite rate does not include piece rate
workers. Since 1974, wage rates have been collected
from a probability sample and should represent hourly
earnings during the survey week.
The Office of Personnel Management collects civil
ian employment and payroll data from all departments
and agencies of the Federal Government (but not
from the District of Columbia government). Employ
ment figures represent the number of persons who oc
cupied civilian positions on the last day of the calen
dar month shown and who are paid for personal serv
ices rendered for the Federal Government, regardless
of the nature of appointment or method of payment.
Intermittent workers are counted if they performed
any service during the report month. Employment
totals exclude persons serving without compensation,
persons on leave without pay for scheduled periods
longer than 30 days, persons in leave status after re
duction in force, and persons hired informally, “on
the spot,” without formal appointment procedures, to
cope with fire, flood, or other extreme emergencies.
Federal payrolls include all payments for personal
services rendered by civilian employees during the
calendar month and payments for accumulated annual
leave of employees who separate from service. Since
most Federal employees are paid on a biweekly basis,
the calendar month earnings are estimated partially on
the basis of the number of workdays in each month
where payroll periods overlap consecutive months.
Monthly payroll totals fluctuate in amount because
the number of workdays in each month varies from
20 to 23 days. Holidays may be disregarded, since
Federal employees are paid for the 9 national holidays
on which they do not work.
Public employment and payroll data are primarily
from Census Bureau reports based on mail canvassing
of State and local governments. Local government
data, except as noted, are estimates based on informa
tion from a sample g>f government units (i.e., county,
municipal, township, school district, and special dis
trict). Data for State governments are based upon
total coverage and are not subject to sampling vari
ation.
198
Payroll amounts include all salaries, wages, and in
dividual fee payments for the month specified, and
employment numbers relate to all persons on govern
mental payrolls during a pay period of the month
covered—including paid officials, temporary help, and
part-time as well as full-time personnel. As in financial
data, figures for individual governments cover major
dependent agencies, institutions of higher education,
as well as the central departments and agencies of the
government.
Occupational Employment Statistics
(Covers tables 101 and 102)
The Occupational Employment Statistics (OES)
survey is designed to collect data on occupational em
ployment of wage and salary workers by industry in
nonfarm establishments. BLS provides the procedures
and technical assistance for the survey, State employ
ment security agencies collect the data, and the Em
ployment and Training Administration of the U.S.
Department of Labor provides administrative support.
OES surveys have been conducted alternately for
manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries since
1971.
Collection and coverage
The OES survey is a periodic mail survey of non
farm establishments conducted over a 3-year cycle.
Current data on wage and salary employment are col
lected for more than 2,000 occupations at seven major
skill levels. The survey is based on a probability
sample, stratified by industry and size of employment,
designed to represent the total of establishments cov
ered by the survey. Data are requested for the pay
period including the 12th of the month.
Classification
The OES survey combines two widely used occu
pational classification systems—the Dictionary o f Occu
pational Titles and the system used for the 1970
Census of Population. Occupational titles and descrip
tions in the survey are based primarily on the Diction
ary of Occupational Titles 1 because it is the most de
tailed classification available. Summary categories and
residual groups generally follow the categories in the
1970 census and the Current Population Survey.
“Crosswalks” have been developed between the two
systems so that users may integrate OES data with
data from sources using the census classification.
The OES classification is organized to allow for the
changes that are necessary to keep pace with changes
in the economy. It also allows for integration of infor
mation learned from each successive round of OES
surveys.
The industrial classification system is that described
in the 1972 Standard Industrial Classification Manual2
which classifies reporting establishments into indus
tries on the basis of major product or activity.
Concepts
An establishment is an economic unit which proc
esses goods or services, is generally at a single loca
tion, and is engaged predominantly in one type of
economic activity. Where a single location encom
passes two or more distinct activities, these are treat
ed as separate establishments if separate payroll rec
ords are available and certain other criteria are met.
Unit total employment includes full- and part-time
workers; workers on paid vacations or other types of
leave; workers on unpaid short-term absences; salaried
officers, executives, and staff of incorporated firms;
employees temporarily assigned to other units; and
employees for whom this unit is their permanent duty
station, regardless of whether this unit prepares their
paycheck. Unit total employment excludes proprietors
(owners and partners of unincorporated firms), unpaid
family workers, and workers on extended leave.
Occupation refers to the occupation in which em
ployees are working rather than the occupation for
which they may have been trained.
Working supervisors (those spending 20 percent or
more of their time at work similar to that performed
by workers under their supervision) are reported in
the occupation most closely related to their work.
Part-time workers, learners, and apprentices are re
ported in the occupation in which they ordinarily
work.
1
D ic tio n a ry o f O ccu p a tio n a l T itles, third edition (U.S. Employ
2
S ta n d a rd In d u s tria l C lassification M a n u a l (Office of Manage
ment Service, U.S. Department of Labor, 1965).
ment and Budget, Executive Office of the President, 1972).
199
Table 99. Farm employment and wage rates, selected years, 1910-79
Employment (in thousands)
Wage rates (dollars)
Per month
Year
Total
Family
Index of farm
wage rates
(1910-14 = 100)
Per day
Hired
With board
Without board
With board
Without board
1910..................
1915..................
1920..................
1925..................
1930..................
13,555
13,592
13,432
13,036
12,497
10,174
10,140
10,041
9,715
9,307
3,381
3,452
3,391
3,321
3,190
$21.00
22.50
51.00
38.50
37.50
$28.00
30.00
65.00
49.00
48.00
$1.05
1.10
2.80
2.00
1.80
$1.35
1.40
3.30
2.35
2.15
96
102
241
183
175
1935..................
1940..................
1945..................
1950..................
1955..................
12,733
10,979
10,000
9^926
8^381
9,855
8,300
7,881
5 ,3 4 5
2,878
2,679
2,119
2,329
2,036
22.00
27.50
79.00
99.00
123.00
30.50
37.50
101.00
1 121.00
154.00
1.10
1.30
3.85
1 4.45
5.40
1.35
1.60
4.35
1 4.50
5.30
110
131
366
432
519
1960...................
1961..............:....
1962...................
1963...................
1964......... .........
7,057
6,919
6,700
6,518
6,110
5,172
5,029
4,873
4,738
4,506
1,885
1,890
1,827
1,780
1,604
149.00
151.00
155.00
159.00
162.00
192.00
195.00
200.00
206.00
212.00
6.50
6.50
6.70
6.90
7.10
6.60
6.60
6.90
7.10
7.30
648
657
675
692
632
1965...................
19F6 ................
1967..................]
19 6 8 ..................,
1969..................^
5,610
5,214
4,903
4,749
4,596
4,128
3,854
3,650
3,536
3,420
1,482
1,360
1,253
1,213
1,176
171.00
185.00
200.00
216.00
234.00
223.00
243.00
262.00
283.00
307.00
7.40
8.00
8.60
9.30
10.10
7.60
8.20
9.00
9.90
10.90
792
762
892
931
1,023
197CT..................
1971..................
1972..................J
1973..................j
1 9 7 4 1 ................
2
4,523
4,436
4,373
4,337
4,389
3,348
3,275
3,327
3,169
3,075
1,175
1,161
1,146
1,168
1,314
251.00
263.00
280.00
308.00
334.00
328.00
340.00
361.00
393.00
423.00
10.70
11.20
12.00
13.10
14.60
11.70
12.20
13.20
14.50
16.10
1,092
1,138
1,215
1,313
1,492
1975..................
1976..................1
1977..................
1978..................J
1979..................
4,342
4,374
4,155
3,957
3,774
3,025
2,997
2,859
2,689
2,501
1,317
1,377
1,296
1,268
1,273
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
1,612
1,764
1,904
2,044
2,242
7 ,5 9 7
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
1 Different wage rate categories used beginning with 1949, w ith b o a rd
changed to w ith b o a rd a n d ro o m on per month and per day series, w ith ou t
b o a rd replaced by w ith b o u rs e on per month series and w ith ou t b o a rd o r
ro o m on per day series.
2 Beginning in 1974, estimates of annual farm employment are averages
(3)
( 3)
(3)
( 3)
(3)
of data that are collected quarterly. Employment data for 1910-73 were col
lected monthly.
3 Series discontinued.
Source : Economic Research Service, U.S. Dept, of Agriculture. Complied
from “ Farm Labor” reports.
200
Table 100. Governmental employment and payrolls, by level of government, selected years, 1940-79
[For October except as noted; beginning 1959, includes Alaska and Hawaii]
Monthly payroll (in millions)
Employees (in thousands)
Year
Total
State and local
State and local
Federal
(civilian)1
Total State
and local
Total
State
Local 2
Federal
(civilian) 1
Total State
and local
$177
486
481
856
919
$389
394
702
1,124
1,615
_
_
—
$161
260
373
—
$542
863
1,242
Local 2
State
1940...........................
1942...........................
1947...........................
1952...........................
1957 3........................
4,474
5,915
5,791
7,105
8,047
1,128
2,664
2,002
2,583
2,439
3,346
3,251
3,789
4,522
5,608
909
1,060
1,300
2,880
3,461
4,307
$566
880
1,184
1,980
2,533
1960...........................
1961...........................
1962........ ..................
1963...........................
1964...........................
8,808
9,100
9,388
9,736
10,064
2,421
2,484
2,539
2,548
2,528
6,387
6,616
6,849
7,188
7,536
1,527
1,625
1,680
1,775
1,873
4,860
4,992
5,169
5,413
5,663
3,333
3,634
3,966
4,264
4,572
1,118
1,214
1,347
1,423
1,475
2,215
2,420
2,619
2,840
3,097
524
586
635
696
761
1,691
1,834
1,985
2,144
2,336
1965...........................
1966...........................
1967...........................
1968...........................
1969...........................
10,589
11,388
11,867
12,342
12,685
2,588
2,861
2,993
2,984
2,969
8,001
8,527
8,874
9,358
9,716
2,028
2,211
2,335
2,495
2,614
5,973
6,316
6,539
6,864
7,102
4,884
5,463
6,056
6,889
7,588
1,484
1,665
1,842
2,137
2,335
3,400
3,798
4,213
4,752
5,252
849
975
1,106
1,257
1,431
2,551
2,823
3,108
3,495
3,822
1970...........................
1971...........................
1972...........................
1973...........................
1974...........................
13,028
13,316
13,759
14,139
14,628
2,881
2,872
2,795
2,786
2,874
10,147
10,444
10,964
11,353
11,754
2,755
2,832
2,957
3,013
3,155
7,392
7,612
8,007
8,339
8,599
8,334
8,911
9,950
11,027
12,086
2,428
2,529
2,710
3,012
3,294
5,906
6,382
7,240
8,015
8,792
1,612
1,742
1,937
2,158
2,410
4,294
4,641
5,303
5,857
6,382
1975...........................
1976...........................
1977...........................
1978...........................
1979...........................
14,973
15,012
15,613
15,631
15,971
2,890
2,843
2,848
.2,888
2,869
12,084
12,169
12,765
12,743
13,102
3,271
3,343
3,491
3,539
3,699
8,813
8,826
9,274
9,204
9,403
13,224
13,924
15,338
16,483
18,077
3,584
3,565
3,918
4,344
4,728
9,640
10,359
11,420
12,139
13,349
2,653
2,894
3,195
3,483
3,869
6,987
7,465
8,225
8,656
9,480
—
—
N o t e : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals. Dashes indicate data not available.
1 Includes Federal civilian employees outside the United States.
2 Local government data, except for 1957, 1962, 1967, 1972, and 1977
are estimates subject to sampling variation.
3 Data for Apr.
S
201
o u r c e
:
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.
Table 101. Employment in manufacturing industries by major occupational group, 1977
Profes
sional
workers
Techni
cal
workers
Service
workers
Production,
maintenance,
construction,
repair,
material
handling, and
powerplant
workers
1,126,980
1,163,730
497,790
390,000
Food and kindred products................................................................
Tobacco products...............................................................................
Textile mill products................................................... ........................
Apparel and other textile products.....................................................
Lumber and wood products, except furniture....................................
Furniture and fixtures products...........................................................
Paper and allied products...................................................................
Printing and publishing........................................................................
Chemicals and allied products...........................................................
Petroleum and coal products..............................................................j
108,480
3,360
28,340
45,010
34,630
19,500
33,000
97,070
96,960
13,580
29,570
2,880
14,880
13,670
11,050
8,980
23,050
116,150
124,540
25,090
12,380
1,800
7,800
1,860
6,010
3,220
5,610
5,280
54,750
8,200
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products....................................
Leather and leather products..............................................................
G lass and glass products....................................................................
Stone, clay, and concrete products................................................... .
Primary m e tals....................................................................................
Primary and secondary nonferrous metals..........................................
Fabricated metal products...................................................................
Machinery, except electrical................................................................
Electric and electronic equipm ent.......................................................
Transportation equipment....................................................................
37,090
7,540
8,130
33,840
39,620
3,840
90,880
156,480
105,240
86,900
21,780
3,100
5,710
12,420
36,990
4,670
65,850
176,570
202,780
194,140
Instruments and related products........................................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.............................................
47,680
29,810
56,680
13,180
Managers
and
officers
Industry
All manufacturing..................................................................
Clerical
workers
Sales
workers
13,963,950
2,159,500
419,400
67,880
3,410
17,660
17,070
13,270
7,930
11,630
19,250
25,740
3,600
1,259,250
52,450
764,090
1,105,630
597,170
369,780
531,640
582,510
564,030
120,130
170,470
6,550
73,380
116,890
42,560
43,190
65,730
239,570
160,600
29,510
62,880
490
7,550
18,570
9,670
10,060
15,480
73,050
55,360
2,720
11,550
420
2,570
6,460
17,640
2,090
33,350
116,110
102,310
56,780
11,150
3,710
3,840
6,520
21,890
1,990
27,290
36,770
28,500
44,280
568,200
219,150
161,640
358,350
877,100
67,910
1,191,810
1,368,450
1,201,160
1,330,380
60,890
22,260
14,760
43,870
93,130
5,530
150,040
279,890
222,600
165,870
10,870
3,780
2,410
10,370
8,240
300
29,420
39,800
20,140
11,040
37,200
4,400
9,950
6,670
361,170
311,950
92,410
59,800
13,780
13,420
Table 102. Employment in selected nonmanufacturing industries by major occupational group, 1978
Managers
and
officers
Profes
sional
workers
2,385,423
2,830,135
847,031
3,969,892
M ining.........................................................................................
Oil and gas extraction.................................................................
General contractors....................................................................
Banking institutions and credit agencies....................................
Security, commodity brokers, and services; holding and other
investment com panies.............................................................
Insurance; real estate and combined real estate, insurance,
loan, and law offices................................................................
Hotels, rooming houses, camps, and other lodging p la c e s .......
Personal services.........................................................................
Business se rv ic e s........................................................................
Automobile repair, services and garages...................................
23,669
38,451
425,824
369,719
16,870
52,423
160,939
122,186
6,610
15,738
44,394
13,876
52,669
39,963
373,491
61,851
94,534
218,542
73,071
Miscellaneous repair se rv ic e s....................................................
Motion* pictures............................................... ........................... .
Amusements and recreation services.........................................
Health services, except hospitals.............................................. .
Legal services..............................................................................
Social s e rv ic e s............................................................................
Museums, botanical and zoological g ard en s..............................
Membership organizations..........................................................
Miscellaneous s e rv ic e s...............................................................
34,349
26,441
52,482
119,629
23,756
99,040
3,166
201,470
93,269
Industry
All nonmanufacturing....................................................
Maintenance,
construction,
production,
repair,
material
handling, and
powerplant
workers
Clerical
workers
Sales
workers
5,991,926
5,613,809
707,770
5,360
4,830
44,568
50,102
379,673
244,516
3,459,304
12,489
27,405
62,645
323,340
1,335,099
1,375
2,683
48,278
14,934
3,255
5,711
6,245
129,947
55,494
250,628
20,890
48,768
295,292
5,845
25,326
1,589
633
137,841
331
236,797
663,830
330,726
764,848
6,863
216,813
75,132
267,204
346,375
368,822
1,033,508
148,247
141,299
749,238
75,746
349,683
9,223
27,210
97,769
12,896
2,439
27,875
97,129
448,814
152,223
249,866
5,100
499,043
333,842
17,429
5,679
894
387,518
122
13,892
1,333
9,726
160,845
3,037
52,462
317,496
748,740
6,583
344,738
8,730
362,064
12,407
156,560
31,421
108,064
109,194
306
90,549
4,394
58,544
56,321
34,069
45,080
98,672
419,894
254,308
163,792
5,176
354,679
211,665
14,614
17,400
19,239
2,452
95
9,894
1,580
18,739
4,212
202
Technical
workers
Service
workers
Technical Notes
Productivity
(Covers tables 103-106)
The measures o f output per hour in the private busi
ness sector refer to the ratio between constant-dollar
gross domestic product (GDP) originating in the pri
vate business sector of the economy or individual sec
tors, and the corresponding hours of all persons en
gaged in the sector.
Two series of output-per-hour estimates have been
developed. One is based on labor force data from the
survey of households, the Current Population Survey.
The other is based primarily on the BLS survey of
business establishments.
The output measure (GDP) used in preparing both
series represents the market value (in 1972 dollars) of
final goods and services produced. It includes the pur
chases of goods and services by consumers, business
establishments, foreign investors, and government.
The GDP data are prepared by the Bureau of Eco
nomic Analysis, U.S. Department of Commerce.
As mentioned above, two sets of estimates of labor
input have been developed. The labor force series
uses an hours-worked concept and excludes hours of
persons employed but not at work due to vacations,
illness, and other reasons. The establishment series is
based on an hours-paid concept and includes the
hours of all persons on establishment payrolls in the
private business sector. Since the 'data collected in the
establishment survey are drawn from a much larger
sample, and because respondents can rely on company
records for employment and hours data, productivity
and cost measures based on this series are less prone
to statistical and reporting errors.
In developing both the labor force and establish
ment series, it is necessary to adjust and supplement
the basic data. For the labor force series, general gov
ernment hours are subtracted from total hours to
make output and input measures consistent; for the es
tablishment series, data from the labor force and na
tional income series are used to supplement the BLS
payroll series data with information on the labor input
of proprietors, unpaid family workers, and those en
gaged in the farm sector.
These measures relate output to hours and to em
ployment. They do not reflect the specific contribu
tion of labor or any other factor of production.
203
Rather, they measure the combined effect of a
number of interrelated influences, such as skills of
workers, managerial skills, changes in technology,
capital investment, utilization of capital, layout and
flow of materials, and labor-management relations.
The indexes o f hourly compensation and unit labor
cost in the private business sector are developed from an
hours estimate based on the establishment series.
Compensation includes wages and salaries, and sup
plemental payments such as contributions of employ
ers to social security and private health and pension
funds. The “all persons” compensation data include
an estimate for proprietors’ salaries and contributions
for supplementary benefits. Real compensation per
hour is derived by adjusting the compensation data by
the Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers to
reflect changes in purchasing power.
The indexes of unit labor cost are computed by di
viding compensation per hour by output per hour.
Nonlabor payments represent the difference between
total compensation and the gross national product (in
current dollars) originating in the private business
sector of the economy.
The implicit deflator reflects changes in all of the
costs of production and distribution (unit labor costs
plus unit nonlabor payments). The deflator is derived
by dividing the current-dollar estimate of gross prod
uct originating by the constant-dollar estimate.
The productivity and cost measures contained in
tables 103 and 104 were prepared in March 1980. Sub
sequent revisions and more recent measures can be
found in the Monthly Labor Review (tables 31-34) and
Employment and Earnings (tables C -ll, C-12). Current
measures and revisions are first published in the Pro
ductivity and Costs news release, available 30 and 60
days after the close of the reference quarter from the
BLS Office of Publications.
Data on output per employee hour in selected indus
tries contain indexes of output, employee hours, and
output per employee hour for selected U.S. manufac
turing and nonmanufacturing industries for selected
years from 1939 through 1978. The industries includ
ed are not necessarily a representative cross-section of
U.S. industry, and their output per employee hour in
dexes, therefore, should not be combined to obtain an
overall measure for the entire economy or any sector.
Each index represents only the change in output per
employee hour for the designated industry or combi
nation of industries.
Output indexes are based primarily on the physical
output of the products or services of the industry,
combined with fixed-period weights. Although unit
employee hour weights are preferred and used when
ever possible, it is often necessary to use substitute
weights which are assumed to be proportional to unit
employee hour weights. Unit value weights generally
are substituted when unit labor hour weights are not
available. Since the most comprehensive physical
output data usually are available from the censuses of
manufactures, minerals, and business, benchmark
output indexes for most industries are derived from
data for two consecutive censuses. For intercensal
years and for those industries not benchmarked,
annual indexes are based on either physical output
data or value of output adjusted for price change. The
annual series subsequently are adjusted to the census
benchmark levels.
Indexes of employee hours are computed by divid
ing the aggregate employee hours for each year by
the base period aggregate. Employee hours are treat
ed as homogeneous and additive. Some of the em
ployee hour indexes are based on hours paid and
some on plant hours.
Output-per-employee hour indexes are obtained by
dividing an output index by an index of aggregate em
ployee hours.
Although the measures relate output to one input—
labor time—they do not measure the specific contri
bution of labor or any other factor of production.
Rather, they reflect the joint effect of a number of in
terrelated influences, such as changes in technology,
capital investment per worker, and capacity utiliza
tion. Industry output per employee hour measures are
limited to the extent that they do not account ade
quately for quality change, and often do not reflect
adequately changes in the degree of vertical integra
tion in industry. In addition, there is not always strict
comparability between output and labor input esti
mates. Finally, year-to-year changes in output per em
ployee hour are irregular and, therefore, not necessar
ily indicative of basic changes in long-term trends.
Conversely, long-term trends are not necessarily ap
plicable to any one year or period in the future.
The indexes o f output per employee year for 28 func
tional groupings within the Federal civilian govern
ment and the sum of these functional areas are de
rived from output and employee data for about 347
Federal government organizations. Quantity data re
ported by these organizations covered 1.83 million
employee years in 1978, representing 65 percent of
the effort expended by Federal civilian employees. In
all, nearly 2,700 outputs were measured in the study.
Output indexes for each grouping are based on the
quantity of goods and services produced by the orga
nizations in that grouping. Outputs are combined
using base period unit-labor requirements. Output in
dexes are computed by dividing the total weighted
output each year by total weighted output in the base
year.
Employee year indexes are computed by dividing
the aggregate employee years reported by the organi
zations in each grouping each year by the base period
aggregate. Employee years are treated as homogene
ous and additive. Organizations report all employee
years for which employees have been paid, including
vacations and absences due to illness or other reasons.
Output per employee year indexes are obtained by
dividing an output index by an index of aggregate em
ployee years. As with industry indexes described in
the preceding section, productivity indexes relate
output to employee years, but they do not measure
the specific contribution of labor or any other factor
of production.
204
Table 103. Indexes of output per hour and related data, private business sector,1 selected years,
1947-79
[1967=100]
Year
Pri
Non
Manu
vate
farm
Farm
fac
busi
busi turing 2
ness
ness
Pri
vate
Farm
busi
ness
Employment
Output
Output per person
Output per hour
Pri
Non
Manu
farm
vate
Farm
fac
,
busi turing 2 busi
ness
ness
Pri
Non
Manu
farm
vate
Farm
fac
busi
busi
turing 2
ness
ness
Non
farm
Hours
Pri
Manu
vate
fac busi Farm
turing 2
ness
Non
Manu
farm
fac
busi turing s
ness
Hours estimates based primarily on establishment data
1947..................
1950...................
1955...................
53.6
61.0
70.3
33.0
41.3
54.2
60.1
66.9
74.3
55.6
65.0
74.1
58.1
65.0
74.0
36.7
44.4
57.3
63.6
70.1
77.3
55.9
65.4
74.8
48.7
54.6
65.7
81.4
90.4
97.7
47.5
53.3
64.6
45.2
51.7
65.3
83.7 221.7
83.9 203.4
88.9 170.4
74.7
76.1
83.5
80.8
79.0
87.3
90.9 246.9
89.5 218.9
93.5 180.3
79.1
79.7
86.9
81.3
79.5
88.0
1960...................
1961...................
1962.......... ........
1963...................
1964...................
78.7
81.1
84.8
88.1
91.6
69.9
74.4
76.4
81.5
84.0
80.9
83.0
86.6
89.6
92.8
78.9
80.8
84.5
90.5
95.2
80.7
82.7
86.7
89.9
93.2
70.3
73.9
77.1
82.7
83.7
82.6
84.5
88.3
91.2
94.4
78.0
79.9
84.3
90.3
95.5
73.2 98.8
74.2 99.5
78.8 99.2
82.3 101.2
86.9 98.7
72.2
73.3
78.1
81.6
86.5
67.7
67.4
73.3
79.1
84.9
90.7
89.7
90.9
91.5
93.2
87.4
86.8
88.4
89.5
91.6
86.8
84.4
87.0
87.6
88.9
92.9
91.5
92.9
93.4
94.9
89.3
88.3
90.2
91.1
93.2
85.8
83.5
86.8
87.5
89.2
99.5 92.9 101.7 92.6
101.2 98.1 95.9 98.1
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
103.9 105.1 99.3 105.3
104.9 108.3 101.3 108.5
92.6 95.9 113.2 94.8
100.0 98.7 102.8 98.4
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
105.6 102.2 97.2 102.5
108.7 105.5 92.7 106.3
93.1
98.8
100.0
101.6
103.7
97.8 114.5 96.5
100.0 103.7 99.8
100.0 100.0 100.0
101.8 97.8 102.1
104.6 93.1 105.5
94.2
100.2
100.0
101.9
103.7
102.6
104.0
113.7
123.2
114.9
1965................... 95.0 88.8 95.9
1966................... 98.0 92.5 98.4
1967................... 100.0 100.0 100.0
1968................... 103.3 101.5 103.2
1969................... 103.5 108.8 102.9
98.3 96.9 89.8 97.7
99.7 99.4 93.3 99.8
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
103.6 102.9 102.2 102.8
104.8 102.6 109.2 102.1
140.5
134.7
128.5
122.4
117.9
141.4
133.8
129.7
124.3
117.5
1970...................
1971...................
1972............. .....
1973...................
1974...................
104.2
107.7
111.4
113.6
110.1
121.7
133.2
128.5
133.0
132.4
103.0
106.2
110.1
112.0
108.5
104.5
110.1
115.7
118.8
112.6
111.8
104.8
108.3
110.1
105.5
120.5
132.5
126.5
130.2
128.5
100.8
103.4
107.1
108.8
104.2
103.0
108.6
115.6
119.0
111.4
107.3
110.3
117.5
124.4
121.4
105.6
112.2
109.4
110.8
110.4
107.4
110.2
117.8
124.9
121.8
105.4
105.3
108.5
113.0
115.0
87.6
84.7
86.5
85.1
85.9
106.5
106.6
110.0
114.8
117.0
99.6
95.7
98.4
103.6
103.2
103.0
102.4
105.5
109.6
110.3
86.7
84.2
85.1
83.3
83.4
104.2
103.8
107.0
111.5
112.3
98.1
94.4
98.3
103.7
102.0
1975...................
1976...................
1977...................
1978...................
1979...................
112.4
116.4
118.6
119.2
118.1
143.3
144.1
155.9
152.7
159.2
110.5
114.4
116.2
116.8
115.5
118.2
123.4
127.2
128.0
130.2
106.8
110.5
112.4
112.6
111.1
140.9
140.5
153.7
150.9
161.4
105.1
108.8
110.3
110.5
108.7
115.6
122.1
126.5
127.4
129.3
118.7
126.4
133.8
140.7
144.0
116.0
111.4
119.2
118.7
120.5
118.8 109.1 111.2
126.9 119.5 114.4
134.3 128.2 119.1
141.5 -134.5 125.0
144.8 139.8 129.6
82.3
79.3
77.5
78.6
74.7
113.0
116.7
121.8
128.1
133.2
94.3
97.8
101.4
105.5
108.1
105.6
108.6
112.8
118.1
122.0
81.0
77.3
76.4
77.7
75.7
107.4
111.0
115.6
121.1
125.4
92.3
96.8
100.8
105.1
107.4
2.5
2.1
5.0
4.6
2.1
1.9
2.6
2.5
2.1
1.6
4.6
4.4
1.7
1.4
2.5
2.5
3.4
3.5
1.0
1.1
1.3 - 3 . 5
1.9 - 3 . 2
1.8
2.2
0.8
1.0
0.9 - 3 . 8
1.3 - 3 . 3
1.4
1.7
0.8
1.0
57.1
62.9
74.1
37.6
45.8
59.3
61.9
67.0
77.2
_
—
—
47.1
53.1
64.5
80.7
90.9
98.6
45.9
51.8
63.3
_
—
—
82.5 214.5
84.4 198.2
87.1 166.4
74.2
77.3
82.1
_
—
—
89.7 239.5
89.4 214.3
90.8 176.3
79.0
80.5
84.6
_
—
—
80.7
82.0
86.1
89.1
91.9
72.0
75.6
78.3
83.7
85.0
82.4
83.5
87.5
90.2
92.8
_
—
—
—
—
73.0 99.7
74.2 100.0
78.8 99.7
82.2 101.4
86.7 98.6
72.1
73.3
78.1
81.6
86.3
_
—
—
—
—
90.5
90.5
91.5
92.3
94.3
87.4
87.9
89.2
90.5
93.0
_
—
—
—
—
91.9
91.7
92.7
93.4
95.1
88.5
88.9
90.1
91.5
93.6
_
—
—
—
—
Rates of
Change3
1950-79.............
1960-79.............
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.5
Hours estimates based primarily on labor force data
1947...................
1950...................
1955...................
52.5
59.4
71.1
33.7
42.4
56.0
58.1
64.3
74.8
_
—
—
1960...................
1961...................
1962...................
1963............. .....
1964...................
79.5
80.9
85.0
88.0
91.2
71.6
76.0
77.6
83.9
85.5
81.4
82.5
86.6
89.2
92.1
_
—
—
—
1965................... 94.3 90.1 95.0
1966............. ..... 97.6 92.6 98.0
1967................... 100.0 100.0 100.0
1968................... 104.2 101.9 104.1
1969................... 105.5 110.7 105.0
—
138.5
132.2
127.2
121.1
116.0
139.1
131.7
128.4
120.8
115.4
_ 95.6 91.3 96.2
— 98.9 94.1 99.2
— 100.0 100.0 100.0
— 103.8 101.2 103.8
— 104.7 109.7 104.2
_ 92.6 101.7 92.3
— 97.7 96.3 97.8
— 100.0 100.0 100.0
— 105.0 99.3 105.2
— 108.2 101.0 108.5
_ 96.8 111.4 95.9
— 98.8 102.4 98.6
— 100.0 100.0 100.0
— 101.1 98.2 101.3
— 103.3 92.1 104.1
_
—
—
—
—
98.2 112.8 97.2
100.1 104.0 99.8
100.0 100.0 100.0
100.8 97.5 101.0
102.5 91.3 103.3
_
—
—
—
—
1970...................
1971...................
1972...................
1973...................
1974...................
106.9
110.0
113.3
115.5
113.0
125.9
134.9
130.6
134.3
132.3
105.7
108.6
112.0
114.0
111.5
_
—
—
—
—
103.7
106.1
109.5
111.7
108.3
120.4
129.3
123.8
126.8
124.2
102.8
104.9
108.5
110.6
107.2
_
—
—
—
—
107.6
110.6
117.5
124.2
122.0
105.1
110.8
108.1
109.3
108.7
107.7
110.5
117.8
124.7
122.4
_
—
—
—
103.8
104.2
107.4
111.2
— 112.6
87.3
85.7
87.3
86.2
87.5
104.8
105.4
108.6
112.8
114.2
_
—
—
—
—
100.7
100.5
103.7
107.5
107.9
83.4
82.2
82.8
81.3
82.1
101.9
101.8
105.2
109.4
109.8
_
—
1975...................
1976...................
1977...................
1978...................
1979...................
114.9
118.1
119.7
119.4
119.0
144.9
143.7
154.0
147.7
147.8
113.1
116.2
117.5
117.3
116.8
_
—
—
—
—
109.2
112.4
114.3
114.6
114.2
136.7
133.9
144.7
139.7
144.5
107.8
111.0
112.6
112.9
112.4
_
—
—
—
120.2
127.6
135.0
141.9
— 145.6
113.8
109.3
116.1
115.4
117.1
120.4
128.2
135.6
142.8
146.6
_
—
—
—
—
83.3
81.7
80.2
82.6
81.0
111.7
115.5
120.5
126.5
130.5
_
—
—
—
—
104.6
108.0
112.7
118.9
122.4
78.6
76.1
75.4
78.1
79.3
106.4
110.3
115.4
121.8
125.5
_
—
—
—
—
2.6
2.2
4.8
4.3
2.2
2.0
—
2.2
1.8
4.2
3.9
1.9
1.6
—
—
0.8
1.0
3.7
3.7
—
1.3 - 3 . 3
1.7 - 2 . 8
1.7
2.0
0.9 - 3 . 7
1.3 - 3 . 2
1.4
1.6
—
110.0
113.5
118.1
123.9
127.6
—
—
—
Rates of
Change3
1950-79.............
1960-79.............
—
3.6
3.6
—
—
—
_
1Output refers to gross domestic product in 1972 dollars. Employment in2 Information available only for establishment series,
eludes self-employed and unpaid family workers as well as wage and salary
3 Average annual percent change based on the linear least squares trend
workers.
of the logarithms of the index numbers.
205
Table 104. Indexes of output per hour, hourly compensation, and unit labor cost in the private
business sector, and underlying data, selected years, 1947-79
[1967=100]
Hourly conrip en sation
Output per hour
Year
Private b u sin e ss
All p e rso n s
M anufacturing
N onfarm b u sin e ss
E m p lo y e e s
All p e rso n s
E m p lo y e e s
All p e rso n s
Private b u s in e s s
E m p lo y e e s
All p e rso n s
M a n u fa ctu r
ing— all
person s
N onfarm b u sin e ss
E m p lo y e e s
All p e rso n s
1
12
E m p lo y e e s
1947.......................
1950.......................
1955.......................
53.6
61.0
70.3
62.6
69.5
76.4
60.1
66.9
74.3
62.7
69.7
76.2
55.6
65.0
74.1
56.4
65.7
74.6
36.0
42.4
55.8
38.0
44.7
58.2
38.4
45.4
58.7
38.4
45.4
58.8
36.8
45.1
60.5
1960.......................
1961.......................
1962.......................
1963.......................
1964.......................
78.7
81.1
84.8
88.1
91.6
83.5
86.0
89.1
91.4
94.5
80.9
83.0
86.6
89.6
92.8
83.6
86.0
89.0
91.5
94.7
78.9
80.8
84.5
90.5
95.2
79.4
81.3
84.9
90.8
95.3
71.9
74.6
78.1
81.0
85.3
73.7
76.3
79.5
82.2
86.2
74.2
76.6
79.7
82.5
86.3
74.4
76.9
80.0
82.7
86.5
77.1
79.4
82.6
85.2
88.9
1965.......................
1966.......................
1967.......................
1968.......................
1969.......................
95.0
98.0
100.0
103.3
103.5
97.3
99.0
100.0
102.9
102.5
95.9
98.4
100.0
103.2
102.9
97.4
99.0
100.0
102.9
102.4
98.3
99.7
100.0
103.6
104.8
98.5
99.7
100.0
103.6
104.7
88.7
94.9
100.0
107.6
114.9
89.4
95.0
100.0
107.5
114.4
89.4
94.8
100.0
107.3
114.1
89.6
94.9
100.0
107.3
114.1
91.0
95.2
100.0
107.0
113.9
1970.......................
1971.......................
1972.......................
1973.......................
1974.......................
104.2
107.7
111.4
113.6
110.1
102.8
106.4
109.4
110.8
107.2
103.0
106.2
110.1
112.0
108.5
102.3
105.8
109.2
110.7
107.2
104.5
110.1
115.7
118.8
112.6
104.5
110.0
115.5
118.7
112.5
123.1
131.4
139.7
151.2
164.9
122.2
130.4
138.7
149.6
162.9
121.7
129.9
138.4
149.2
162.8
121.6
129.9
138.3
149.1
162.5
121.8
129.5
136.6
146.4
161.1
1975.......................
1976.......................
1977.......................
1978.......................
1979.......................
112.4
116.4
118.6
119.2
118.1
109.9
113.0
115.1
115.5
114.3
110.5
114.4
116.2
116.8
115.5
109.6
113.0
115.0
115.6
114.2
118.2
123.4
127.2
128.0
130.2
118.2
123.4
127.3
128.1
130.3
181.3
197.2
213.0
231.2
252.8
179.1
194.1
209.6
227.4
247.9
178.9
193.8
209.3
227.3
247.6
178.7
193.4
208.9
226.7
246.8
180.2
195.1
212.0
229.5
250.5
2.5
2.1
1.9
1.6
2.1
1.9
1.9
1.6
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.5
5.9
6.9
5.7
6.7
5.6
6.7
5.6
6.8
5.5
6.5
Rates of
Change 3
1950-79..................
1960-79..................
R e a l hourly co m p en satio n
Private b u s in e s s
All
p er
so n s
Em
p lo y e e s
D eflato rs a n d c o s ts
facturing
N onfarm
b u sin e ss
All
p er
sons
Em
p lo y e e s
All
p er
sons
Private b u s in e s s
Implicit
d efla
tor
4
Unit
labor
cost
5
N onfarm b u s in e s s
Unit
n o n la
bor
pay
m e n ts
Implicit
d efla
tor
4
Unit
labor
cost
5
M anufacturing
Unit
n o n la
bor
pay
m ents
Implicit
d efla
tor
4
Unit
labor
cost
5
Unit
n o n la
bor
pay
m e n ts
1947.......................
1950 .......................
1955.......................
53.8
58.9
69.6
56.8
62.1
72.6
57.4
63.0
73.2
57.4
63.0
73.3
55.0
62.5
75.4
65.1
70.8
79.8
67.1
69.6
79.4
61.4
73.2
80.5
62.3
69.1
79.4
63.9
67.9
79.1
59.3
71.5
80.1
66.2
73.3
83.8
66.2
69.4
81.6
66.2
82.4
88.6
1960 .......................
196 1 .......................
1962 .......................
196 3 .......................
196 4 .......................
81.1
83.3
86.1
88.3
91.7
83.1
85.2
87.7
89.6
92.7
83.7
85.5
87.9
89.9
92.9
84.0
85.9
88.2
90.1
93.1
87.0
88.6
91.1
92.9
95.7
89.3
89.8
90.6
91.4
92.7
91.3
92.0
92.0
92.0
93.1
85.5
85.7
87.9
90.4
91.8
89.2
89.8
90.5
91.5
92.9
91.7
92.3
92.0
92.1
93.0
84.5
85.1
87.7
90.2
92.6
96.1
96.4
97.1
95.0
95.1
97.7
98.3
97.7
94.2
93.4
92.4
92.1
95.7
96.8
98.9
1965 .......................
1966 .......................
1967 .......................
1968 .......................
1969 .......................
93.8
97.6
100.0
103.3
104.7
94.6
97.7
100.0
103.1
104.2
94.6
97.5
100.0
103.0
103.9
94.8
97.6
100.0
103.0
103.9
96.3
97.9
100.0
102.7
103.7
94.2
97.2
100.0
103.9
108.8
93.3
96.8
100.0
104.1
111.0
95.9
97.9
100.0
103.5
104.6
94.1
96.8
100.0
104.0
108.7
93.2
96.4
100.0
104.0
110.9
95.8
97.7
100.0
103.9
104.4
95.9
97.6
100.0
103.5
105.8
92.6
95.4
100.0
103.3
108.7
103.3
102.5
100.0
103.9
99.3
1970 .......................
1971 .......................
1972.......................
1973.......................
1974.......................
105.8
108.3
111.5
113.6
111.7
105.0
107.5
110.7
112.4
110.3
104.6
107.1
110.4
112.1
110.2
104.6
107.1
110.3
112.0
110.0
104.7
106.7
109.0
110.0
109.1
113.9
118.9
123.2
130.3
143.1
118.2
122.0
125.4
133.1
149.8
105.8
113.0
119.0
124.9
130.4
114.0
119.2
122.9
127.9
141.4
118.1
122.3
125.7
133.2
150.0
106.0
113.1
117.5
117.8
124.7
110.3
113.7
114.8
118.0
131.6
116.5
117.6
118.1
123.2
143.1
96.2
105.0
107.4
106.4
105.6
197 5 .......................
1976 .......................
1977 .......................
1978 .......................
19 7 9 .......................
112.5
115.6
117.3
118.3
116.3
111.1
113.9
115.5
116.4
114.0
111.0
113.7
115.3
116.3
113.9
110.8
113.4
115.1
116.0
113.5
111.8
114.5
116.8
117.5
115.2
157.5
165.5
174.8
187.2
203.8
161.3
169.4
179.6
194.0
214.1
150.4
158.0
165.6
174.3
184.4
156.4
164.8
174.5
186.1
202.2
161.8
169.4
180.1
194.5
214.4
146.0
156.0
163.9
169.9
178.8
145.1
152.5
160.7
171.1
na
152.4
158.2
166.6
179.4
192.4
128.4
139.6
147.4
152.4
2.5
2.0
2.3
1.8
2.2
1.8
2.2
1.7
2.1
1.6
3.2
4.5
3.3
4.7
3.0
4.2
3.3
4.5
3.4
4.7
2.9
4.0
2.6
3.4
2.9
3.8
1.9
2.4
na
Rates of
Change 3
1950-79..................
1960-79..................
See footnotes at end of table
206
Index *s of output per hour, hourly compensation, and unit labor cost in the private
jctor, and underlying data, selected years, 1947-79—Continued
U nderlying d ata 6
G r o s s p ro d u c t
H o u rs
In current d o llars
In 1972 d ollars
Private
b u sin e ss
M a nufactur
ing
Nonfarm
b u sin e ss
Private
b u sin e ss
N onfarm
b u sin e ss
N onfarm b u s in e s s
Private b u s in e s s
M anufactur
ing
All p e rso n s
All
e m p lo y e e s
M anufacturing
All
e m p lo y e e s
All p e rso n s
All
e m p lo y e e s
All p e rso n s
1947
1950
1955
48.7
54.6
65.7
47.5
53.3
64.6
45.2
51.7
65.3
31.7
38.7
52.4
29.6
36.8
51.3
29.9
37.9
54.7
90.9
89.5
93.5
77.8
78.5
86.0
79.1
79.7
86.9
75.8
76.4
84.7
81.3
79.5
88.0
80.1
78.7
87.4
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
73.2
74.2
78.8
82.3
86.9
72.2
73.3
78.1
81.6
86.5
67.7
67.4
73.3
79.1
84.9
65.3
66.7
71.4
75.2
80.5
64.5
65.8
70.7
74.6
80.3
65.0
65.0
71.2
75.2
80.7
92.9
91.5
92.9
93.4
94.9
87.6
86.3
88.5
90.0
91.9
89.3
88.3
90.2
91.1
93.2
86.4
85.3
87.7
89.2
91.3
85.8
83.5
86.8
87.5
89.2
85.2
82.9
86.3
87.2
89.1
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
92.9
98.1
100.0
105.1
108.3
92.6
98.1
100.0
105.3
108.5
92.6
100.0
100.0
105.6
108.7
87.5
95.3
100.0
109.3
117.8
87.1
95.0
100.0
109.5
117.9
88.7
97.6
100.0
109.3
115.1
97.8
100.0
100.0
101.8
104.6
95.5
99.1
100.0
102.1
105.6
96.5
99.8
100.0
102.1
105.5
95.1
99.1
100.0
102.4
106.0
94.2
100.2
100.0
101.9
103.7
93.9
100.3
100.0
102.0
103.8
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
107.3
110.3
117.5
124.4
121.4
107.4
110.2
117.8
124.9
121.8
102.6
104.0
113.7
123.2
114.9
122.2
131.1
144.8
162.1
173.8
122.4
131.3
144.7
159.8
172.2
113.1
118.3
130.5
145.4
151.2
103.0
102.4
105.5
109.6
110.3
104.4
103.6
107.4
112.3
113.3
104.2
103.8
107.0
111.5
112.3
104.9
104.1
107.9
112.8
113.6
98.1
94.4
98.3
103.7
102.0
98.1
94.5
98.4
103.8
102.2
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
118.7
126.4
133.8
140.7
144.0
118.8
126.9
134.3
141.5
144.8
109.1
119.5
128.2
134.5
139.8
186.9
209.2
233.8
263.5
293.5
185.8
209.3
234.4
263.4
292.9
158.2
182.2
206.1
230.1
na
105.6
108.6
112.8
118.1
122.0
108.0
111.9
116.2
121.9
126.0
107.4
111.0
115.6
121.1
125.4
108.3
112.3
116.8
122.4
126.8
92.3
96.8
100.8
105.1
107.4
92.3
96.8
100.7
105.0
107.3
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.5
6.8
8.2
6.9
8.2
6.1
7.1
0.9
1.3
1.5
1.8
1.4
1.7
1.6
1.9
0.8
1.0
0.8
1.0
Ri
C ti
19501960-
N o n la b o r p a ym en t in current d o lla rs
C o m p e n s a tio n in cu rre n t d o lla r s
All p e r s o n s
M an ufactu rin g
N o n farm b u s i n e s s
P riv ate b u s in e s s
E m p lo y e e s
All p e r s o n s
E m p lo y e e s
All p e r s o n s
E m p lo y e e s
P riv ate
b u sin e ss
N o n farm
b u sin e ss
M an u factu rin g
1947
1950
1955
3 2 .7
3 8 .0
5 2 .2
2 9 .6
35.1
50.1
3 0 .4
3 6 .2
51.1
29.1
3 4 .7
4 9 .8
2 9 .9
3 5 .8
5 3 .3
2 9 .5
3 5 .4
5 2 .9
2 9 .9
4 0 .0
5 2 .9
2 8 .2
38.1
5 1 .8
2 9 .9
4 2 .6
5 7 .8
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
6 6 .8
6 8 .3
7 2 .6
7 5 .7
8 0 .9
6 4 .5
6 5 .8
7 0 .4
7 4 .0
7 9 .2
6 6 .2
6 7 .6
7 1 .9
7 5 .2
8 0 .4
6 4 .3
6 5 .6
7 0 .2
7 3 .8
7 9 .0
66.1
6 6 .3
7 1 .6
7 4 .5
7 9 .3
6 5 .7
6 5 .8
7 1 .3
7 4 .3
7 9 .2
6 2 .6
6 3 .6
6 9 .3
7 4 .4
7 9 .8
6 1 .0
6 2 .4
6 8 .5
7 3 .6
8 0 .0
6 2 .5
62.1
70.1
7 6 .6
8 3 .9
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
8 6 .7
9 5 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 9 .5
1 2 0 .2
8 5 .3
9 4 .2
1 0 0 .0
1 0 9 .8
1 2 0 .8
8 6 .3
9 4 .6
1 0 0 .0
1 0 9 .5
1 2 0 .4
8 5 .2
94.1
1 0 0 .0
1 0 9 .8
1 2 0 .9
8 5 .7
9 5 .4
1 0 0 .0
109.1
1 1 8 .2
8 5 .5
9 5 .4
1 0 0 .0
1 0 9 .2
1 1 8 .2
89.1
9 6 .0
1 0 0 .0
1 0 8 .8
1 1 3 .2
8 8 .8
9 5 .9
1 0 0 .0
1 0 9 .5
1 1 3 .3
9 5 .6
1 0 2 .4
1 0 0 .0
1 0 9 .7
1 0 8 .0
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1 2 6 .8
1 3 4 .5
1 4 7 .4
1 6 5 .7
1 8 1 .9
1 2 7 .6
135.1
1 4 9 .0
1 6 8 .0
1 8 4 .5
1 2 6 .8
1 3 4 .8
1 4 8 .0
1 2 7 .6
1 3 5 .3
1 4 9 .2
1 1 9 .5
1 2 2 .3
1 3 4 .2
1 1 9 .5
1 2 2 .3
1 3 4 .4
1 1 3 .5
1 2 4 .6
1 3 9 .8
1 1 3 .8
1 2 4 .7
1 3 8 .4
9 8 .6
1 0 9 .2
122.1
1 6 6 .4
1 82.8
1 6 8 .2
1 8 4 .7
1 5 1 .8
1 6 4 .4
1 5 2 .0
1 6 4 .6
1 5 5 .4
1 5 8 .3
147.1
1 5 1 .9
131.1
1 2 1 .3
at end of table.
207
Table 104. Indexes of output per hour, hourly compensation, and unit labor cost in the private
business sector, and underlying data, selected years, 1947-79— Continued
[1967 = 100]
C o m p e n sa tio n in current dollars
Year
Private b u sin e ss
All p e rso n s
1975......................
1976......................
1977.......................
1978.......................
1979........... ............
N onfarm b u sin e ss
E m p lo y e e s
All p e rso n s
N o n la b o r paym ent in current d o llars
M anufacturing
E m p lo y e e s
All p e rso n s
E m p lo y e e s
Private
b u sin e ss
Nonfarm
b u s in e s s
M anufacturing
191.4
214.2
240.3
273.0
308.3
193.4
217.1
243.7
277.1
312.4
192.2
215.1
241.8
275.3
310.6
193.5
217.2
243.9
277.5
312.9
166.3
189.0
213.6
241.2
268.9
166.2
189.0
213.5
240.9
268.8
178.4
199.7
221.5
245.3
265.6
173.4
198.1
220.1
240.5
259.0
140.0
166.8
189.0
204.9
na
6.9
8.4
7.2
8.7
7.1
8.5
7.3
8.7
6.4
7.7
6.4
7.5
6.5
7.8
6.6
7.7
5.3
6.0
Rates of
Change3
1950-79..................
1960-79.................
1W ages and salaries of employees plus employer’s contributions for
social insurance and private benefit plans. Also includes an estimate of
wages, salaries, and supplemental payments for the self-employed.
2 Index for employees not shown separately because it is identical to fig
ures shown.
3 Average annual percent change based on the linear least squares trend
of the logarithms of the index numbers.
4 Total payments in current dollars per unit of output (GDP Deflator).
5 Compensation of all persons per unit of output.
208
“ These data were basic measures used to develop the indexes of pro
ductivity, hourly compensation, unit labor costs, and unit nonlabor pay
ments.
na = not available.
S o u r c e : Current and constant dollar gross product and employee com
pensation data from the Office of Business Economics, U.S. Department of
Commerce. Labor input, compensation of all persons, and real com pensa
tion per hour data from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of
Labor.
Table 105. Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected
industries, selected years, 1939-78
[1 9 6 7 =
100]
See footnotes at end of table.
209
i. Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected
selected years, 1939-78—Continued
Output per employee hour
Employee hours
Output per employee hour
Pro
Pro
All
All
Nonpro
duction Nonpro
duction
em
duction
duction
em
work
work
ployees
workers 1
workers 1 ployees
ers
ers
Year
Pro
Pro
All
All
Nonpro Output
duction Nonpro
duction
duction
em- '
duction
em
work
work
ployees
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ers
ers
Bituminous coal and lignite mining SIC 121— Continued
1976
19*7.
1978
—
70.8
69.0
74.7
—
—
166.2
173.5
151.6
Rate
C har
19471973-
—
Crushed and broken stone SIC 142 — Continued
117.6
119.8
113.3
R ate s o f
Change3
3.5
-3 .6
—
—
-2 .6
6.6
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.
1970.
1971.
1972.
1973.
1974.
1975.
1976.
1977.
1978
___
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
___
—
—
—
—
___
—
—
58.4
74.7
78.1
81.9
85.7
91.1
93.7
98.9
100.0
108.9
112.1
___
___
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
___
___
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
116.0
116.7
121.7
128.5
123.3
___
___
120.7
126.4
130.7
130.4
___
___
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
103.3
105.7
103.1
102.8
102.1
101.2
104.6
104.7
100.0
96.4
96.8
___
—
—
—
—
—
___
—
—
—
—
94.5
93.8
94.0
97.4
98.9
___
90.3
89.9
92.1
95.4
___
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
118.6
117.4
115.8
112.7
110.1
109.4
94.3
97.0
100.0
105.7
110.6
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
107.8
103.5
100.0
94.2
90.3
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
98.0
103.6
100.0
105.0
108.5
109.6
109.5
114.4
125.2
121.9
117.1
126.2
135.4
140.1
143.6
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1 9 7 8 2......
109.0
113.6
120.4
124.4
1958-78...,
1973-78...
—
3.5
.8
—
—
-0 .6
—■9
—
___
—
—
—
—
—
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.
___
1970.
1971.
1972.
1973.
1974.
___
1975.
1976.
1977.
1978
___
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
73.9
76.7
78.2
81.4
84.7
91.5
94.4
99.8
100.0
110.7
114.6
___
___
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
!
—
—
—
___
___
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
119.9
120.3
128.2
141.6
138.6
___
139.6
140.2
148.5
151.6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
___
___
—
—
—
—
—
—
94.2
102.8
98.9
100.3
99.9
98.3
103.7
104.3
100.0
96.4
97.1
___
—
—
—
—
—
___
—
—
—
—
93.9
94.7
93.7
97.3
98.0
___
84.9
84.0
84.5
86.5
___
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3.2
-1 .4
—
—
—
—
—
86.3
81.6
77.5
72.8
69.3
—
—
150.3
156.1
156.2
163.3
_
_
_
—
_
—
—
66.8
64.9
64.4
61.8
4.1
3.1
_
_
—
-3 .6
-3 .0
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
91.5
95.1
95.5
97.1
100.5
101.9
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
101.7
100.4
100.0
99.6
99.9
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
.—
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
—
100.4
101.3
100.6
100.9
_
_
—
0.4
-0 .0
101.1
103.0
104.9
102.0
99.5
—
—
Preserved fruits and vegetables SIC 203
.1
1939.........
1947.........
1950.........
1955.........
210
(4)
86.3
82.2
84.9
64.0
88.6
80.7
85.2
(4)
70.5
92.6
83.1
29.6
47.3
51.7
62.4
79.5
81.9
85.8
89.3
92.1
80.0
82.1
86.0
90.0
93.3
76.4
80.2
84.5
84.1
84.7
93.1
92.7
92.4
92.2
93.7
92.5
92.4
92.2
91.4
92.5
96.9
94.6
93.8
97.9
101.9
74.0
75.9
79.3
82.3
86.3
95.4
94.9
100.0
102.5
104.4
96.5
96.0
100.0
102.6
104.7
88.2
88.3
100.0
101.6
101.9
95.9
98.6
100.0
99.9
101.9
94.8
97.5
100.0
99.8
101.6
103.7
106.0
100.0
100.8
104.4
91.5
93.6
100.0
102.4
106.4
108.2
112.6
114.8
125.6
123.0
109.9
115.1
117.2
129.3
124.9
97.6
98.4
100.4
104.5
110.4
98.6
100.4
103.9
104.0
102.3
97.1
98.3
101.8
101.0
100.7
109.3
114.9
118.8
125.0
114.0
106.7
113.1
119.3
130.6
125.8
1975.........
1976.........
1 9 7 7 2.......
118.5
117.8
125.5
131.1
(4)
67.1
55.8
75.1
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974........
112.6
113.9
120.1
137.8
135.8
46.3
53.4
64.1
73.2
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
97.9
104.1
100.0
106.7
111.3
(4)
54.8
62.9
73.5
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
69.6
78.8
77.3
81.6
84.6
89.9
itnotes at end of table.
_
—
_
2.9
—
_
-0 .8
-2 .9
R ate s o f
C h ang e 3
Crushed and broken stone SIC 142
1958.
1960.
1961.
1962.
1963.
1964.
77.2
81.0
82.5
86.2
91.3
93.1
_
—
—
—
—
—
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
60.3
79.0
80.5
84.2
87.5
92.2
Rate
Chan
19541973-
_
—
1958.........
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
Nonmetallic minerals— except fuels SIC 14
1954.
1960.
1961.
1962.
1963.
1964.
_
—
4.0
1.6
Fluid milk SIC 2026
0.8
2.7
—
_
—
1958-78....
1973-78....
"
—
Employee hours
124.9
132.7
130.4
127.1
135.6
134.7
111.2
114.3
106.0
97.9
96.1
101.8
96.2
94.0
98.5
110.0
111.5
125.2
122.3
127.5
132.7
Table 105. Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected
industries, selected years, 1939-78— Continued
[1967=100]
See footnotes at end of table.
211
Table 105. Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected
industries, selected years, 1939-78— Continued
[1967 = 100]
Output per employee hour
Year
Output per employee hour
Employee hours
Pro
Pro
All
All
Nonpro
duction Nonpro
duction
em
duction
em
duction
work
work
workers 1 ployees
ployees
workers 1
ers
ers
Year
Output
Wet corn milling SIC 2046— Continued
Rice milling SIC 2044— Continued
1968........
1969........
108.2
104.7
107.6
103.9
110.5
108.1
96.7
97.8
97.2
98.6
94.7
94.7
104.6
102.4
1970........
1971........
1972........
1973........
1974........
100.8
102.2
115.3
100.3
115.2
105.6
104.0
117.4
102.5
113.3
86.1
96.1
107.7
92.6
123.0
98.9
89.0
93.4
92.3
95.6
94.4
87.5
91.7
90.3
97.2
115.8
94.7
100.0
100.0
89.5
99.7
91.0
107.7
92.6
110.1
1975........
1976........
1977 2......
111.7
109.7
123.8
108.7
106.2
115.4
124.8
125.3
170.7
100.0
102.2
108.8
102.8
105.6
116.7
89.5
89.5
78.9
111.7
112.1
134.7
2.5
3.8
2.2
1.7
3.7
13.2
(5)
4.0
0.2
6.1
-1 .3
-4 .6
2.4
8.0
Rates of
Change3
1963-77....
1973-77....
81.3
89.2
83.5
99.8
75.0
67.4
97.3
102.0
94.7
91.2
105.4
135.1
91.3
93.9
100.0
100.1
102.5
96.0
98.7
100.0
98.8
102.1
79.7
81.9
100.0
104.4
103.8
96.7
96.7
100.0
98.7
104.0
92.0
92.0
100.0
100.0
104.4
110.8
110.8
100.0
94.6
102.7
106.9
112.1
103.6
103.5
116.4
108.4
111.4
104.0
101.1
115.8
102.5
114.3
102.2
111.7
118.7
93.3
82.7
109.3
116.7
104.7
92.0
83.2
108.8
119.5
105.3
97.3
81.1
110.8
108.1
102.7
104.6
108.0
97.7
105.0
114.0
103.9
103.2
93.0
82.7
112.0
114.0
116.7
111.5
108.0
109.7
113.5
132.4
137.8
117.1
123.1
114.0
1.5
-1 .9
1.3
.4
2.1
-8 .1
1.2
•9
1.4
-1 .4
0.7
7.7
2.8
-1 .1
87.0
93.0
81.2
87.7
106.1
109.8
96.1
91.5
103.0
97.0
78.8
77.5
92.1
93.5
100.0
107.7
114.0
87.8
90.8
100.0
105.5
111.5
105.3
101.5
100.0
113.5
121.1
95.8
100.4
100.0
97.5
96.8
100.5
103.4
100.0
99.5
99.0
83.8
92.5
100.0
92.5
91.2
106.2
106.9
138.9
123.3
150.6
105.3
108.2
139.9
122.8
151.6
108.6
103.8
136.7
124.6
148.4
97.2
89.8
84.8
83.4
78.8
98.0
88.7
84.2
83.7
78.3
95.0
92.5
86.2
82.5
80.0
152.7
168.7
198.4
147.2
162.7
195.5
168.1
185.8
206.1
78.4
78.4
75.3
81.3
81.3
76.4
71.2
71.2
72.5
100.5
98.7
107.2
103.5
83.8
85.5
88.2
92.4
100.0
105.2
108.8
90.3
95.1
100.0
104.0
108.2
83.9
87.1
100.0
107.8
110.2
97.6
97.7
100.0
97.7
101.9
95.4
95.0
100.0
98.8
102.5
102.6
103.7
100.0
95.4
100.6
86.1
90.3
100.0
102.8
110.9
111.5
119.9
115.9
118.5
127.1
109.0
118.2
113.9
116.1
127.8
117.1
123.8
120.6
124.1
125.7
103.8
98.5
110.4
110.5
110.2
106.1
99.9
112.4
112.7
109.6
98.8
95.4
106.1
105.5
111.5
115.7
118.1
128.0
130.9
140.1
129.5
136.9
154.3
129.5
137.6
159.0
129.4
135.1
145.1
110.0
109.0
105.1
110.0
108.4
102.0
110.1
110.4
111.8
142.5
149.2
162.2
4.1
6.2
4.0
7.3
4.3
3.9
0.8
-1 .1
0.9
-2 .1
0.6
1.1
5.0
5.0
66.3
66.4
71.1
59.6
62.0
71.0
81.1
75.0
71.3
113.9
117.2
114.6
126.6
125.4
114.8
93.1
103.8
114.3
75.5
77.8
81.5
77.7
79.0
81.1
87.3
90.1
79.8
81.0
84.1
89.3
91.8
74.3
75.7
76.7
84.0
87.4
118.1
115.2
114.5
107.3
108.1
115.0
112.3
110.5
104.9
106.1
123.5
120.2
121.2
111.5
111.5
91.8
91.0
92.9
93.7
97.4
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
93.5
94.6
100.0
102.0
102.3
95.1
95.6
100.0
101.2
101.9
90.8
92.7
100.0
103.5
103.0
106.0
105.4
100.0
98.7
100.8
104.2
104.3
100.0
99.5
101.2
109.2
107.5
100.0
97.3
100.1
99.1
99.7
100.0
100.7
103.1
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
105.7
108.1
113.7
113.1
112.9
105.1
109.9
116.0
115.1
119.4
106.7
105.0
109.9
109.7
103.1
93.8
91.1
90.7
90.4
89.4
94.3
89.6
88.9
88.8
84.5
92.9
93.8
93.8
93.2
97.9
99.1
98.5
103.1
102.2
100.9
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2......
119.7
132.3
149.4
112.7
112.8
120.4
125.5
119.6
118.5
127.0
132.0
102.3
104.3
110.6
115.6
90.1
92.7
85.1
84.3
84.9
88.3
80.7
80.1
99.2
100.3
92.7
91.5
101.5
104.6
102.5
105.8
2.3
2.1
2.7
2.5
1.7
1.4
-1 .2
-1 .3
-1 .5
-1 .7
-0 .6
— .7
1.1
.7
Rates of
Change %
1947-78....
1973-78....
See footnotes at end of table.
102.6
100.2
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
103.2
96.0
117.8
102.8
118.7
1975.........
1976.........
1 9 7 7 2.......
78.2
82.6
1947.........
1950.........
1955.........
88.2
93.9
100.0
105.0
110.4
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
83.4
86.6
Bakery products SIC 205
83.6
85.1
1965.........
1966.......
1967.........
1968.........
1969.......
81.7
85.3
1963-77....
1973-77....
Wet corn milling SIC 2046
1963.........
1964.........
3.4
8.9
-1 .1
-3 .7
Rates of
Change3
Rates of
Change3
1963-77....
1973-77....
-2 .2
-1 .4
1975.........
1976.........
1 9 7 7 2.......
99.7
92.7
113.2
120.8
121.9
1975.........
1976.........
1977 2.......
-1 .9
-2 .1
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
88.3
90.8
100.0
98.8
106.6
1970.........
1971../.......
1972.........
1973.........
1974........
4.6
13.1
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
79.1
91.0
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
5.7
10.5
1963.........
1964.........
Blended and prepared flour SIC 2045
1963.........
1964..........
5.4
11.2
Prepared feeds for animals and fowls SIC 2047, 2048
Rates of
Change 3
1963-77...
1973-77...
Employee hours
Pro
Pro
All
All
Nonpro Output
duction Nonpro
duction
em
em
duction
duction
work
work
ployees
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ers
ers
212
Table 105. Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected
industries, selected years, 1939-78— Continued
[1967 = 100]
Output per employee hour
Year
Employee hours
Output per employee hour
Pro
Pro
All
All
Nonpro
Nonpro
duction duction
em duction duction
em
work
work
ployees
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ers
ers
Output
Pro
Pro
All
All
Nonpro
duction Nonpro
duction
duction
em
duction
em
work
work
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ployees
ers
ers
Year
Sugar SIC 2061, 2062, 2063
Beet sugar SIC 2063— Continued
1947........
1950........
1955......
44.5
52.6
62.8
42.5
50.6
62.5
59.5
66.9
64.4
140.1
129.9
107.8
146.7
135.1
108.4
104.7
102.1
105.2
62.3
68.3
67.7
1960........
1961........
1962........
1963........
1964........
74.6
79.7
87.7
88.2
92.7
74.4
79.6
86.9
87.9
92.5
75.8
80.3
91.5
89.4
93.7
107.6
106.5
101.3
105.6
108.4
108.0
106.7
102.2
105.9
108.7
106.0
105.7
97.1
104.1
107.3
80.3
84.9
88.8
93.1
100.5
1965........
1966........
1967........
1968........
1969........
96.5
100.1
100.0
104.3
102.1
95.6
100.5
100.0
103.5
101.7
101.0
96.7
100.0
108.3
103.9
100.9
98.1
100.0
100.3
100.7
101.9
97.7
100.0
101.1
101.1
96.4
101.5
100.0
96.6
98.9
97.4
98.2
100.0
104.6
102.8
1970........
1971........
1972........
1973........
1974........
111.6
110.1
117.4
114.0
110.0
110.3
109.6
119.1
114.2
112.1
117.6
112.0
110.8
112.5
102.0
97.8
99.2
97.8
96.5
98.6
98.9
99.6
96.4
96.3
96.8
92.8
97.5
103.6
97.8
106.4
109.1
109.2
114.8
110.0
108.5
1975........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2......
108.1
111.4
116.9
112.0
111.0
114.0
122.6
119.6
96.5
101.0
104.5
87.1
98.1
104.3
98.0
90.8
95.5
101.9
93.5
85.0
109.9
115.0
109.7
116.7
106.0
116.2
114.6
101.7
1961 ..
1962........
1963
1964........ .
84.0
92.1
97.0
110.3
82.3
89.9
94.0
107.0
98.1
111.9
124.2
142.2
103.0
100.3
102.1
112.5
105.1
102.8
105.3
116.0
88.2
82.6
79.7
87.3
86.5
92.4
99.0
124.1
1965
1966
1967
1Qfifi
1969........
.
.
.
.
.
104.7
104.5
100.0
108.7
108.0
102.2
105.0
100.0
107.9
105.1
127.7
100.7
100.0
115.3
135.3
106.2
99.8
100.0
106.1
115.0
108.8
99.3
100.0
106.9
118.2
87.1
103.6
100.0
100.0
91.8
111.2
104.3
100.0
115.3
124.2
iQ7n
1971
1979
1979
1974........
.
.
.
.
.
118.5
123.4
134.5
127.2
119.7
115.4
119.4
131.4
124.2
117.6
146.6
163.2
162.9
155.1
137.3
112.3
106.7
102.0
102.4
104.5
115.3
110.3
104.4
104.9
106.4
90.8
80.7
84.2
84.0
91.1
133.1
131.7
137.2
130.3
125.1
19 r O ....... .
I Q7R
iy / D ........ .
1 Q 7 7 2 ...... .
IS#//
124.3
128.6
126.2
124.0
128.6
127.3
127.0
128.2
119.4
108.6
120.7
105.8
108.9
120.7
104.9
106.3
121.1
111.8
135.0
155.2
133.5
2.7
.5
2.8
1.4
2.1
-5 .8
0.5
2.1
0.4
1.3
1.1
8.9
3.2
2.7
Rates of
Change3
1958-77...
1973-77...
Rates of
Change3
1947-78....
1973-78....
Candy and other confectionery products SIC 2065
3.4
.4
3.6
1.5
2.3
-3 .3
-1 .0
— .7
-1 .2
-1 .9
.1
3.0
1939........
1947........
1950........
1955........
1Q5R
1QfiD
1981
1962
1963
1964.........
63.8
70.3
79.2
87.5
85.8
85.7
63.1
69.0
78.1
85.5
84.8
85.3
67.0
75.7
84.2
95.3
89.8
86.6
113.4
109.8
106.0
99.4
105.1
103.9
114.8
111.9
107.6
101.8
106.4
104.3
108.1
102.0
99.8
91.3
100.5
102.8
1965
. .
1966
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
94.7
100.0
101.5
98.0
93.0
98.4
100.0
101.1
100.3
101.2
105.8
100.0
103.2
90.0
95.9
95.3
100.0
97.2
92.9
97.6
96.7
100.0
97.6
90.7
89.7
90.0
100.0
95.6
101.1
1970.........
1971........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
105.9
101.8
107.3
105.6
103.7
108.1
104.0
111.8
108.4
108.6
98.0
94.3
93.4
96.6
88.9
90.5
95.1
95.4
93.4
95.3
88.6
93.1
91.6
91.0
91.0
97.8
102.7
109.6
102.1
111.1
1975.........
1976.........
1977 2......
97.8
102.0
113.7
104.2
106.9
120.1
80.2
87.3
95.2
93.0
94.7
91.3
87.3
90.4
86.4
113.4
110.7
109.0
91.0
96.6
103.8
(4)
117.5
124.9
103.0
88.2
120.5
117.7
98.4
(4)
101.6
163.9
127.7
42.0
64.2
64.1
65.7
78.3
78.1
79.6
88.0
89.7
81.5
80.9
82.5
89.1
90.8
64.3
66.0
67.0
82.3
84.4
98.1
99.6
100.1
94.9
97.4
94.2
96.2
96.6
93.7
96.3
119.5
117.9
118.9
101.5
103.6
76.8
77.8
79.7
83.5
87.4
93.4
97.2
100.0
104.6
97.6
93.7
97.9
100.0
105.1
98.4
92.1
93.7
100.0
102.7
93.7
97.4
98.1
100.0
99.0
100.6
97.1
97.4
100.0
98.6
99.8
98.8
101.8
100.0
100.9
104.8
91.0
95.4
100.0
103.6
98.2
104.4
114.6
128.7
137.3
149.0
107.0
119.0
133.1
148.5
158.8
92.2
95.6
109.1
97.6
111.5
101.0
97.1
90.7
90.3
87.0
98.5
93.5
87.7
83.5
81.6
114.3
116.4
107.0
127.1
116.2
105.4
111.3
116.7
124.0
129.6
1975........
1976........
1977........
1978 2......
95.8
96.8
102.4
98.6
98.8
9 9 .9
(4)
63.2
39.1
51.4
1970........
1971........
1972........
1973.........
1974........
90.8
95.2
100.0
98.7
91.0
47.6
53.3
54.5
66.8
1965........
1966........
1967........
1968........
1969........
72.4
77.2
84.0
87.0
90.2
89.0
(4)
54.6
51.3
63.8
1960........
1961........
1962........
1963........
1964........
2.4
— .4
Raw and refined cane sugar SIC 2061, 2062
136.0
126.9
144.7
143.8
147.2
134.9
150.6
148.6
96.2
96.1
119.4
122.6
80.2
84.7
84.7
86.5
74.1
79.7
81.4
83.7
113.4
111.9
102.7
101.5
109.1
107.5
122.6
124.4
3.6
0.2
3.7
.7
3.3
3.9
-0 .9
7
-1 .0
.2
-0 .6
-4 .2
2.6
.5
(4)
128.2
37.2
66.2
Rates of
Change3
Rates of
Change3
1958-77....
1973-77....
2.4
1.3
2.9
1.9
.9
— .5
-1 .0
— .5
-1 .5
-1 .1
.5
1.3
1.4
8
1947-78...
1973-78...
Beet sugar SIC 2063
1958.........
1960.........
Employee hours
77.4
87.6
76.0
85.6
89.4
105.6
101.3
99.2
103.2
101.5
Malt beverages SIC 2082
87.7
82.3
78.4
86.9
1939........
1947........
See footnotes at end of table.
213
(4)
42.0
33.0
38.6
(4)
51.6
(4)
157.6
112.8
171.6
Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected
selected years, 1939-78—Continued
Output per employee hour
Employee hours
Output per employee hour
Pro
Pro
All
All
duction Nonpro
duction Nonpro
em
duction
em
duction
work
work
ployees
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ers
ers
Output
Year
Malt beverages SIC 2082— Continued
45.9
51.4
46.4
51.9
44.9
50.3
143.9
138.8
142.5
137.5
147.3
142.0
1960.
1961.
1962.
1963.
1964.
65.2
68.3
71.8
78.9
84.6
64.9
68.2
71.1
77.9
83.9
65.5
68.5
73.1
81.1
86.0
116.8
113.7
110.8
105.2
104.1
117.2
114.0
111.9
106.6
105.0
116.1
113.5
108.9
102.4
102.4
89.0
93.7
100.0
108.3
115.7
88.7
93.9
100.0
105.8
114.0
89.3
92.8
100.0
113.9
119.5
102.1
102.5
100.0
97.3
95.2
102.5
102.2
100.0
99.6
96.6
101.8
103.4
100.0
92.5
92.1
1970.
1971.
1972.
1973.
1974.
119.6
125.1
139.3
153.2
157.2
119.4
128.3
141.6
148.6
151.7
119.9
118.8
134.9
163.4
170.1
96.6
95.6
88.5
84.8
87.2
96.7
93.2
87.1
87.4
90.4
96.3
100.7
91.4
79.5
80.6
1975.
1976.
1977.
1978
175.3
192.9
199.6
216.3
169.4
186.7
189.3
205.2
189.7
207.6
225.6
243.8
80.5
74.7
75.5
73.6
83.3
77.2
79.6
77.6
74.4
69.4
66.8
65.3
Rate
Chan
147.6
125.9
128.9
154.0
130.5
133.7
95.6
88.1
90.1
74.2
75.8
80.4
83.7
86.6
89.3
94.1
96.4
82.4
85.9
89.1
93.5
94.8
96.2
93.0
90.6
99.9
111.3
114.4
110.0
107.0
103.7
110.0
116.3
110.9
107.2
104.4
111.8
99.6
102.5
105.4
97.7
95.2
95.8
95.3
95.5
97.6
106.0
100.2
99.9
100.0
103.5
101.9
99.5
99.2
100.0
103.4
102.5
106.4
106.0
100.0
104.1
96.9
103.0
100.6
100.0
98.6
97.1
103.7
101.3
100.0
98.7
96.5
97.0
94.8
100.0
98.1
102.1
103.2
100.5
100.0
102.1
98.9
104.3
109.7
110.0
108.1
111.9
104.4
110.5
111.6
110.2
114.7
103.6
104.5
98.6
93.5
93.4
98.5
91.5
91.2
96.1
90.5
98.4
90.9
89.9
94.3
88.3
99.1
96.1
101.7
111.1
108.5
102.7
100.4
100.3
103.9
101.3
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1 9 7 8 2.......
141.1
144.1
150.7
159.2
77.6
86.0
89.2
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974......
115.5
119.6
123.3
129.9
137.1
48.2
58.1
60.1
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
90.9
96.0
100.0
105.4
110.1
50.3
60.2
62.4
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
76.1
77.7
79.6
83.0
88.1
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.
1947.........
1950.........
1955.........
66.1
71.4
114.2
119.3
122.4
126.7
119.0
124.3
129.3
135.7
86.1
90.0
85.6
82.0
87.3
86.7
80.8
79.5
83.8
83.2
76.5
74.2
115.8
114.9
115.5
122.8
99.7
103.4
98.9
100.7
2.9
3.2
3.2
4.2
0.4
-2 .5
- 1 .7
-3 .6
-2 .0
-4 .6
0.8
2.0
1.1
-.5
Rates of
Change 3
5.7
7.5
5.6
7.0
5.8
8.8
-2 .4
-3 .4
-2 .3
-3 .0
-2 .6
-4 .5
1947-78....
1973-78....
3.0
3.8
Cigarettes, chewing and smoking tobacco, SIC 2111, 2131
Bottled and canned soft drinks SIC 2086
1958.
1960.
1961.
1962.
1963.
1964.
86.6
87.6
91.2
97.6
100.7
101.0
86.1
88.3
92.5
99.9
101.2
102.7
87.0
87.2
90.4
96.3
100.6
100.0
79.1
83.7
83.0
83.7
86.5
90.0
79.6
83.0
81.8
81.8
86.1
88.5
78.7
84.1
83.7
84.8
86.6
90.9
68.5
73.3
75.7
81.7
87.1
90.9
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.
101.8
102.4
100.0
108.3
104.6
104.1
101.4
100.0
109.8
109.2
100.3
103.2
100.0
107.4
101.7
92.7
98.2
100.0
99.5
102.3
90.7
99.2
100.0
98.2
98.0
94.1
97.5
100.0
100.4
105.2
94.4
100.6
100.0
107.8
107.0
1970.
1971.
1972.
1973.
1974.
105.2
111.0
113.2
117.3
119.9
113.0
122.8
124.2
130.3
133.5
100.3
104.0
106.5
109.5
111.9
102.6
102.3
102.4
103.7
102.0
95.5
92.5
93.3
93.3
91.6
107.6
109.2
108.8
111.1
109.3
107.9
113.6
115.9
121.6
122.3
1975.
1976.
1977.
1978
129.6
139.7
147.7
155.3
146.1
158.0
168.8
178.4
120.2
129.2
135.9
142.4
98.6
103.6
106.6
109.5
87.5
91.6
93.3
95.3
106.3
112.0
115.9
119.4
127.8
144.7
157.5
170.0
1939.........
1947.........
1950.........
1955.........
3.3
6.9
2.5
6.2
2.0
5.8
1.5
1.3
0.7
.6
2.0
1.7
47.7
68.5
78.6
75.3
(4)
90.3
101.2
104.3
(4)
99.0
90.8
97.4
98.4
101.9
93.3
100.6
(4)
77.3
72.4
72.7
46.9
69.8
73.3
75.8
89.2
91.1
91.5
95.5
94.1
88.0
90.4
91.5
95.0
93.5
98.4
96.8
90.7
99.1
98.0
103.1
103.2
102.4
101.0
101.6
104.5
104.0
102.4
101.6
102.3
93.5
97.1
103.3
97.4
97.6
92.0
94.0
93.7
96.5
95.6
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
98.4
98.5
100.0
103.5
99.2
98.1
98.6
100.0
103.6
100.1
99.9
97.5
100.0
102.6
92.7
98.9
100.0
100.0
97.7
99.3
99.2
99.9
100.0
97.6
98.4
97.4
101.0
100.0
98.5
106.3
97.3
98.5
100.0
101.1
98.5
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
100.8
105.6
106.1
104.9
106.5
101.0
106.9
107.7
107.4
110.2
99.0
96.2
95.1
88.2
84.9
102.4
96.9
100.5
108.7
105.4
102.2
95.7
99.0
106.1
101.9
104.2
106.3
112.1
129.2
132.2
103.2
102.3
106.6
114.0
112.3
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2.......
4.1
7.6
(4)
70.5
80.7
77.8
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
Rate:
Chan
19581973-
Pro
Pro
All
All
Nonpro
Nonpro Output
duction
duction
duction
em
duction
em
work
work
ployees
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ers
ers
Tobacc;o products— total SIC 2111, 2121, 2131— Continued
1955.
19471973-
Employee hours
110.3
114.1
117.5
123.9
115.5
119.4
125.1
135.0
81.8
85.0
80.2
76.1
104.1
106.7
99.7
98.5
99.4
101.9
93.6
90.4
140.4
143.1
146.1
160.4
114.8
121.7
117.1
122.0
1.5
3.4
1.8
4.5
-0 .6
-2 .5
0.3
-1 .8
(5)
-2 .9
2.4
4.1
1.8
1.5
Rates of
Change3
Tobacco products--total SIC 2111,2121,2131
1939.
--------- r
d
—
---------------- r
------------- r----------- 1
3 8 .6 1
h i 156.1 |
d
(4) |
1947-78....
1973-78....
60.2
otnotes at end of table.
214
Table 105. Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected
industries, selected years, 1939-78— Continued
[1967=100]
Output per employee hour
Year
Employee hours
Output per employee hour
Pro
Pro
All
Nonpro
All
Nonpro
duction
em
duction
em duction duction
work
work
ployees
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ers
ers
Output
Year
Hosiery SIC 2251, 2252— Continued
Cigars SIC 2121
28.7
31.4
39.4
44.2
(4)
59.2
64.9
67.8
252.8
201.9
197.0
278.9
265.2
210.0
204.1
140.8
127.6
133.1
80.0
83.3
82.8
90.2
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
.................. 73.7
75.1
.................. 78.9
79.5
.................. 84.6
85.2
91.7
.................. 90.5
101.3
.................. 97.9
90.5
85.3
89.8
102.1
145.8
138.9
124.5
116.9
109.3
127.8
141.5
125.4
117.7
110.7
132.3
115.2
116.1
110.9
98.1
88.8
104.3
99.0
99.6
100.2
129.5
1965
1966
104.4 102.8
..................
103.2 100.8
..................
100.0 100.0
103.6 103.2
108.0
108.1
121.1
133.4
100.0
107.7
109.8
111.6
101.7
100.0
100.5
92.3
113.3
104.2
100.0
100.9
92.4
96.2
78.7
100.0
96.7
90.9
116.5
105.0
100.0
104.1
99.8
1970
..................
113.3 112.7
1971
..................
118.4
120.1
1972 ................ 120.1
120.7
1973.........
116.8 115.9
1974.........
128.6 126.0
118.9
137.7
114.3
125.0
158.9
89.8
79.7
71.0
68.6
58.1
90.2
80.8
70.7
69.1
59.3
85.5
69.5
74.6
64.1
47.0
101.7
95.7
85.3
80.1
74.7
1975
..................
126.5 126.7
136.8
137.1
1976
..................
1977
..................
139.8 138.4
1978 2....... 140.2 135.6
122.6
140.7
152.5
206.5
50.6
43.1
39.7
38.3
50.5
43.2
40.1
39.6
52.2
42.0
36.4
26.0
64.0
59.1
55.5
53.7
1939.........
1947.........
1950.........
1955.........
1967
196ft
1QfiQ
(4)
33.0
41.0
45.8
(4)
(4)
Rates of
C h a n ge 3
1947-78....
1973-78....
6.3
8.1
1958.........
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
5.1
3.6
3.4
7.5
5.2
3.3
-5 .6
- 1 1 .4
-5 .7
-1 1 .1
-4 .1
-1 4 .5
53.5
51.5
54.0
142.4
144.1
128.3
146.9
147.3
130.3
98.3
113.5
109.4
3.3
3.6
132.0
133.7
117.5
116.2
114.5
111.9
126.2
134.0
118.0
117.2
112.9
109.8
194.0
129.8
112.7
106.0
132.1
135.1
96.5
100.5
96.3
99.5
102.3
106.2
92.8
93.6
100.0
103.3
102.7
80.8
83.7
100.0
95.5
91.5
112.6
108.5
100.0
98.7
99.1
111.2
107.4
100.0
98.0
98.1
127.8
120.1
100.0
106.0
110.0
103.2
100.5
100.0
101.2
100.7
80.3
94.7
102.7
95.9
83.2
97.1
95.0
95.1
99.1
96.8
94.8
93.6
93.6
97.4
94.1
122.1
110.4
111.7
116.7
125.8
98.0
104.5
114.7
111.9
104.7
90.0
95.2
89.1
93.3
89.2
95.6
99.3
99.4
87.1
93.5
96.5
97.0
111.7
118.7
129.8
125.4
100.5
113.0
115.6
117.0
1.5
.4
-1 .7
5
-1 .8
.4
-0 .8
1.5
0.7
1.8
1975
1976
1977
1978
91.7
92.6
100.0
102.5
101.6
112.7 115.4
118.2 120.9
..............................
116.4 119.8
2 ...........
117.7 120.6
1958-78....
1973-78....
..............................
..............................
2.5
1.4
1960
59.3
64.8
67.1
75.8
81.1
58.6
64.5
66.9
75.2
80.2
66.0
67.5
69.4
82.7
90 0
105.9
106.1
105.2
96.4
q c ft
\70.0
107.1
106.6
105.5
97.2
80.9
89.1
100.0
93.5
107.9
80.1
88.4
100.0
94.1
108.5
89.9
95.0
100.0
89.0
102.0
101.1
101.4
100.0
105.4
110.9
102.1
102.1
100.0
104.8
110.3
91.0
95.1
100.0
110.8
117.4
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
128.1
120.9
139.2
147.7
168.5
129.8
124.6
143.1
152.5
173.7
113.6
94.0
109.7
114.1
130.0
100.9
88.9
84.0
77.7
62.8
99.6
86.3
81.7
75.3
60.9
113.8
114.4
106.6
100.6
81.4
191.6
219.5
208.9
217.9
197.5
223.8
210.7
217.9
148.0
183.2
193.9
217.9
57.4
56.5
59.5
59.9
55.7
55.4
59.0
59.9
74.3
67.7
64.1
59.9
65.7
80.5
88.2
102.4
107.6
107.2
81.0
85.3
84.9
92.2
91.4
97.5
81.9
86.5
86.1
94.0
93.3
99.2
72.4
73.5
73.0
73.9
72.5
81.1
47.6
59.2
64.4
75.7
78.0
86.9
91.8
91.5
100.0
105.5
105.0
90.8
90.7
100.0
105.0
105.1
103.8
100.3
100.0
110.6
104.6
104.9
111.1
100.0
103.5
102.1
106.1
112.1
100.0
104.0
102.0
92.8
101.4
100.0
98.7
102.5
96.3
101.7
100.0
109.2
107.2
119.4
125.6
129.3
126.7
127.4
121.4
127.5
130.3
129.3
131.2
101.6
110.1
120.1
105.7
98.9
93.0
99.3
105 0
106.0
94.0
91.4
97.8
md. ?
103.9
91.3
109.3
113.3
1973.........
1974
127.0
121.1
111.0
124.7
1 00.0
1ftft ft
134.3
119.8
1975.....
1976 ..............
1977.........
1978 2......
142.2
142.4
144.2
142.0
147.9
145.2
146.7
145.3
102.4
119.2
122.8
116.5
81.0
93.0
98.3
102.8
77.9
91.2
96.6
100.5
112.5
111.1
115.4
125.3
115.2
132.4
141.7
146.0
4.5
4.7
1.8
0.5
0.3
3.1
5.0
197?
129.3
107.5
116.9
114.8
105.8
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1 9 7 8 2.......
58.1
68.4
74.8
80.5
83.6
87.6
1970.........
1971.........
81.8
90.3
100.0
98.6
119.7
7 7 .7
f f 1
58.8
69.4
75.9
82.1
85.3
89.1
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
62.8
68.8
70.6
73.1
Qft Q
95.2
101.9
101.8
88.4
Aft ft
00.0
110.0
124.0
124.3
130.5
1 1ft . 1
I IO I
Rates of
Change3
1958-78....
See footnotes at end of table.
2.6
1.5
1958 ...............
1960 ...............
1961 ...............
1962 ...............
1963 ...............
1964.........
52.6
58.5
59.1
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
-1 .4
-9 .3
Veneer and plywood SIC 2435, 2436
35.8
39.7
45.4
1969
-2 .9
-3 .5
1970.........
100.9 103.4
1971.........
110.0 111.6
1972.........
120.6 122.5
1973.........
112.9 114.9
1974
..................
108.2 111.3
-0 .8
-8 .1
36.9
40.6
46.1
1962.........
-2 .7
-4 .1
Rates of
Change 3
1947 ................
1950 ................
1955
1964
4.9
14.2
49.7
77.4
85.4
93.9
77.4
78.6
76.5
73.1
75.2
.................. 75.0
.................. 81.6
82.0
.................. 84.9
85.6
.................. 90.6
89.3
96.7
94.9
Hosiery SIC 2251, 2252
1961
6.4
7.4
Sawmills and planing mills, general SIC 2421
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969..........
Rates of
C h a n ge 3
1947-78....
1973-78....
Employee hours
Pro
Pro
All
All
Nonpro
Output
duction Nonpro
em duction duction
duction
em
work
work
ployees
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ers
ers
215
Table 105. Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected
industries, selected years, 1939-78— Continued
[1967 = 100]
Output per employee hour
Output per employee hour
Employee hours
Pro
Pro
All
All
Nonpro
duction Nonpro
duction
duction
em
duction
em
work
work
workers 1
ployees
workers 1 ployees
ers
ers
Upholstered household furniture SIC 2512— Continued
Veneer and plywood SIC 2435, 2436 — Continued
1973-78....
2.7
2.6
3.7
0.3
0.5
Employee hours
Pro
Pro
All
All
Nonpro
duction Nonpro
duction
em
duction
em
duction
work
work
ployees
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ers
ers
-0 .6
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
1958........
1960........
1961........
1962........
1963........
1964........
83.6
85.1
85.8
88.5
92.7
94.6
85.7
85.9
86.6
88.8
93.3
95.3
71.5
79.7
80.5
86.1
89.1
89.8
83.3
89.1
85.1
90.7
92.1
96.4
81.2
88.2
84.3
90.4
91.5
95.7
97.4
95.1
90.7
93.3
95.9
101.6
1965........
1966........
1967........
1968........
1969........
97.9
99.7
100.0
102.3
103.5
97.9
99.7
100.0
103.3
104.5
97.7
99.9
100.0
96.6
97.2
100.5
104.7
100.0
104.4
106.5
100.5
104.7
100.0
103.4
105.5
100.7
104.5
100.0
110.6
113.4
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
104.2
109.6
119.5
123.3
106.4
111.6
121.2
122.5
91.6
97.7
108.5
130.3
101.0
103.3
112.3
114.8
98.9
101.4
110.7
115.6
114.8
115.9
123.7
108.7
105.2
113.2
134.2
141.6
1974.........
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2......
121.2
123.6
126.4
127.0
128.6
124.0
127.3
129.3
129.6
131.2
105.1
103.3
109.1
112.0
114.0
107.3
89.1
98.7
106.1
112.1
104.9
86.5
96.5
104.0
109.9
123.8
106.6
114.4
120.4
126.5
130.1
110.1
124.8
134.8
144.2
93.1
94.6
89.9
92.2
85.0
91.6
90.7
95.6
85.1
91.8
89.9
94.8
84.1
90.3
95.9
101.0
78.3
85.4
86.2
93.1
99.9
101.9
100.0
100.7
99.7
100.1
102.1
100.0
100.8
100.4
98.4
100.9
100.0
100.5
96.1
100.0
103.0
100.0
107.4
111.7
99.8
102.8
100.0
107.3
111.0
101.5
104.1
100.0
107.7
115.9
99.9
105.0
100.0
108.2
111.4
105.1
105.4
111.8
113.7
114.2
106.0
105.8
112.8
115.3
115.5
99.7
102.6
105.5
104.1
106.1
111.4
113.8
128.7
130.6
119.6
110.5
113.3
127.6
128.8
118.3
117.4
116.9
136.4
142.6
128.7
117.1
119.9
143.9
148.5
136.6
1975.........
1976.........
1977 2......
98.4
104.4
100.0
106.8
110.2
92.0
93.0
95.9
98.2
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
69.6
75.8
73.0
80.3
85.4
91.2
92.1
93.2
95.0
97.4
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
3.1
Household furniture SIC 251
120.8
122.2
124.5
122.3
123.5
126.5
112.0
114.5
112.5
99.6
106.1
118.3
98.4
105.0
116.4
107.4
113.3
130.9
120.3
129.7
147.3
1.7
2.5
1.7
2.6
1.6
2.3
1.9
-3 .1
1.9
-3 .2
2.1
-2 .9
3.7
-.7
Rates of
Change 3
1958-77....
1973-77....
Metal household furniture SIC 2514
Rates of
Change 3
1958-78....
1973-78....
2.4
1.1
2.5
1.4
2.0
-1 .2
1.1
-.1
1.0
-.5
1.5
2.2
3.5
.9
1958.........
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
85.0
82.3
83.7
87.8
94.1
94.6
87.2
81.9
83.2
86.9
94.2
94.4
75.8
85.0
86.2
93.1
93.5
95.5
98.2
104.2
96.7
94.2
95.3
102.0
95.8
104.8
97.2
95.2
95.2
102.2
110.2
101.0
93.9
88.8
95.9
101.0
83.5
85.8
80.9
82.7
89.7
96.5
Wood household furniture SIC 2511, 2517
1958.........
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
81.8
83.7
84.1
87.0
92.2
94.1
83.6
84.2
84.7
87.2
92.4
94.6
69.0
80.1
78.4
85.6
91.2
90.4
78.5
85.1
81.2
88.6
91.5
95.7
76.8
84.6
80.6
88.4
91.3
95.2
93.1
88.9
87.1
90.1
92.5
99.7
64.2
71.2
68.3
77.1
84.4
90.1
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
98.7
96.6
100.0
103.4
104.0
98.8
97.3
100.0
105.6
104.3
98.2
93.2
100.0
93.2
102.5
101.5
103.3
100.0
104.0
104.5
101.4
102.6
100.0
101.8
104.2
102.0
107.1
100.0
115.3
106.1
100.2
99.8
100.0
107.5
108.7
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
97.4
99.9
100.0
102.6
105.9
97.0
99.6
100.0
103.4
107.1
100.8
101.9
100.0
96.3
96.8
99.8
104.8
100.0
102.6
104.1
100.2
105.1
100.0
101.8
102.9
96.4
102.7
100.0
109.3
113.8
97.2
104.7
100.0
105.3
110.2
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
109.1
111.0
119.9
119.9
114.3
111.8
113.5
120.7
120.3
117.2
97.1
99.9
115.9
118.0
101.5
102.7
101.0
107.5
117.5
109.7
100.2
98.8
106.8
117.1
107.0
115.3
112.2
111.2
119.4
123.5
112.0
112.1
128.9
140.9
125.4
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
103.0
110.3
121.8
127.9
122.8
105.3
112.8
124.3
124.7
126.9
86.3
92.3
104.0
179.0
94.9
95.6
99.0
108.7
108.6
105.6
93.5
96.8
106.5
111.4
102.2
114.1
118.3
127.3
77.6
136.6
98.5
109.2
132.4
138.9
129.7
1975.........
1976.........
1977 2.......
119.0
121.7
125.4
124.1
124.7
126.5
98.4
108.5
120.7
86.9
95.5
100.2
83.3
93.2
99.4
105.1
107.1
104.1
103.4
116.2
125.7
1975.........
1976.........
1977 2......
120.5
124.4
123.5
125.7
128.8
126.8
87.3
95.3
99.7
87.3
100.4
104.9
83.7
97.0
102.1
120.5
131.1
129.9
105.2
124.9
129.5
1958-77....
1973-77....
2.3
1.5
2.5
1.6
1.6
1.1
0.1
-4 .5
-0 .1
-4 .6
0.8
-4 .1
2.4
-3 .0
Rates of
Change3
Mattresses and bedsprings SIC 2515
Rates of
Change 3
1958-77....
1973-77....
2.5
-.6
2.7
.5
1.7
-1 1 .0
1.2
-1 .2
1.0
-2 .2
2.0
10.4
1958.........
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
Upholstered household furniture SIC 2512
1958.........
1960.........
8 9 .3 1
9 0 .4 1
91.61
91.71
77 .2 1
8 2 .6 1
80.6
89.5
78.6
88.2 I
93.3
97.9
72.0
80.9
See footnotes ft end of table.
216
79.8
83.0
82.8
86.5
89.7
92.1
80.4
84.7
85.6
89.0
91.4
94.5
77.6
77.3
73.8
78.3
83.7
84.1
101.0
98.2
98.2
101.8
97.7
98.5
100.2
96.2
95.0
99.0
95.8
96.0
103.9
105.5
110.2
112.5
104.7
107.8
80.6
81.5
81.3
88.1
87.6
90.7
1965.........
3.7
-1 .8
95.6
96.7
91.7
103.5
102.3
107.8
98.9
Table 105. Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected
industries, selected years, 1939-78— Continued
[1967 = 100]
Output per employee hour
Year
Output per employee hour
Employee hours
Pro
Pro
All
All
Nonpro
Nonpro
duction
duction duction
em
duction
em
, workwork
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ployees
’ ers
ers
Output
Year
Mattresses and bedsprings SIC 251 5 — Continued
Folding paperboard boxes SIC 2651— Continued
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
97.3
100.0
104.2
101.3
97.3
100.0
106.0
102.5
97.4
100.0
98.0
96.9
104.0
100.0
105.8
109.2
104.0
100.0
104.0
107.9
103.9
100.0
112.5
114.1
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
105.5
117.7
130.2
138.3
147.8
108.0
119.5
132.2
138.8
149.3
97.0
111.2
123.4
136.7
142.7
102.0
104.1
100.0
105.8
87.5
99.6
102.5
98.5
105.4
86.6
110.9
110.2
105.5
107.0
90.6
152.7
157.0
161.8
153.5
159.7
165.6
149.4
147.8
148.5
77.2
80.9
86.1
76.8
79.5
84.1
78.9
85.9
93.8
4.0
3.8
4.0
4.3
4.1
2.0
-0 .9
-4 .8
-0 .9
-5 .2
-0 .9
-3 .1
3.1
-1 .2
48.5
44.4
53.0
61.0
(4)
78.9
83.6
83.1
(4)
87.2
85.8
95.6
55.5
94.1
91.3
100.1
(4)
53.0
57.9
73.5
74.8
79.7
82.8
87.6
92.2
73.9
79.0
82.0
86.9
91.3
79.8
83.1
87.2
91.6
97.5
96.5
93.5
94.7
94.3
95.3
97.7
94.3
95.6
95.1
96.3
90.5
89.6
89.9
90.2
90.2
96.9
101.6
100.0
106.4
110.5
96.4
101.2
100.0
105.8
109.7
99.5
104.2
100.0
109.8
114.7
96.1
98.7
100.0
101.1
102.4
96.6
99.1
100.0
101.7
103.2
93.6
93.3
100.0
98.0
98.7
114.6
119.9
130.0
135.4
135.2
114.7
121.3
131.2
136.5
137.0
114.3
113.6
124.2
131.1
126.9
97.8
94.6
94.1
94.5
94.2
97.7
93.5
93.2
93.8
93.0
98.1
99.8
98.5
97.6
100.4
128.0
140.2
144.0
148.4
132.8
143.8
148.1
153.9
109.0
124.5
126.7
126.3
84.5
89.9
90.1
88.3
81.5
87.6
87.6
85.1
99.3
101.2
102.4
103.7
4.2
2.7
2.0
-.2
0.2
— 1.2
1.9
1.1
-0 .2
-1 .7
93.0
94.9
96.8
99.3
103.4
101.5
104.1
102.3
100.0
97.8
90.7
91.3
100.0
90.1
90.7
100.0
93.4
94.2
100.0
105.3
110.5
100.0
106.0
111.2
100.0
102.2
107.1
100.0
91.6
92.2
101.9
102.0
102.3
119.9
124.4
118.0
113.8
122.8
126.1
119.0
113.8
108.2
117.6
114.1
113.7
76.0
81.6
87.2
93.9
74.2
80.5
86.5
93.9
84.2
86.3
90.2
94.0
91.1
101.5
102.9
106.9
2.0
-.1
2.2
-.1
1.4
.1
-1 .7
1.1
-1 .9
1.2
-1 .1
.9
0.3
1.0
76.4
77.2
81.6
82.7
88.2
90.0
76.3
76.5
80.7
81.4
87.9
89.8
76.7
79.5
84.5
88.0
89.5
90.8
72.4
81.6
82.5
86.9
86.4
91.6
72.5
82.3
83.4
88.3
86.7
91.8
72.1
79.2
79.6
81.7
85.1
90.7
55.3
63.0
67.3
71.9
76.2
82.4
92.8
96.6
100.0
103.6
106.0
92.7
94.8
100.0
103.1
105.5
93.7
103.4
100.0
105.8
107.6
96.4
101.0
100.0
104.3
109.0
96.6
102.9
100.0
104.9
109.5
95.5
94.4
100.0
102.2
107.3
89.5
97.6
100.0
108.1
115.5
111.8
118.5
121.6
130.2
137.7
112.8
-120.8
123.0
130.9
143.2
108.3
110.8
117.4
127.4
121.7
103.8
102.3
110.0
111.4
99.0
102.8
100.3
108.8
110.8
95.2
107.1
109.4
114.0
113.8
112.0
116.0
121.2
133.8
145.0
136.3
142.2
148.0
144.2
150.2
151.8
154.9
151.4
156.1
116.8
128.7
124.0
133.1
86.9
93.6
100.7
103.8
81.4
89.4
95.9
99.9
105.8
107.6
117.1
117.1
123.6
138.5
145.2
155.9
3.8
2.6
4.1
3.1
2.7
1.1
1.3
-.6
1.0
-1 .1
2.4
.8
5.2
1.9
217
67.4
71.9
77.7
83.6
85.0
89.8
72.2
72.8
76.7
89.9
82.2
89.6
72.4
70.7
69.2
75.3
81.1
87.3
73.7
70.9
69.0
76.6
80.5
87.3
68.8
70.1
69.9
71.2
83.2
87.5
49.7
51.0
53.6
64.0
68.4
78.4
92.8
93.3
100.0
115.7
116.8
91.9
94.7
100.0
112.9
114.5
95.0
89.6
100.0
124.9
124.6
96.9
105.2
100.0
109.8
112.9
97.8
103.7
100.0
112.5
115.2
94.6
109.6
100.0
101.7
105.9
89.9
98.2
100.0
127.0
131.9
1970.........
See footnotes at end of table.
68.6
72.1
77.5
85.0
84.3
89.8
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
95.5
100.9
‘ 100.0
95.1
90.7
90.2
89.1
89.1
1957.........
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
96.8
97.1
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
96.1
87.9
90.1
89.5
84.0
Synthetic fibers SIC 2823, 2824
Folding paperboard boxes SIC 2651
93.6
95.7
95.9
88.4
90.1
89.4
85.0
1958-78...,
1973-78....
4.1
.9
1963.........
1964.........
96.3
101.7
113.0
114.5
114.8
Rates of
Change3
Rates of
Change3
3.9
2.1
95.3
104.9
113.1
114.0
121.8
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2......
108.2
126.0
129.7
131.0
1947-78....
1973-78....
95.5
104.3
113.1
114.1
120.4
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
112.1
113.4
122.3
128.0
127.4
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2......
104.1
110.6
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
93.1
100.3
100.0
107.6
113.2
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
93.4
101.1
1958.........
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
72.2
74.5
78.4
82.6
87.9
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
99.4
108.8
Corrugated and solid fiber boxes SIC 2653
26.9
41.8
48.4
61.1
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
98.3
107.4
1963-78...
1973-78...
Paper, paperl:joard, and pulp mills SIC 261, 262, 263, 266
(4)
47.9
56.4
63.9
111.5
109.4
Rates of
Change3
Rates of
Change3
1939.........
1947.........
1950.........
1955.........
104.7
101.7
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2......
117.9
127.0
139.3
105.9
103.0
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
107.6
122.5
130.2
146.3
129.3
1975.........
1976.........
1977 2......
1968.........
1969.........
101.2
100.0
110.2
110.6
1958-77....
1973-77....
Employee hours
Pro
Pro
All
All
Nonpro Output
Nonpro
duction
duction
duction
em
duction
em
work
work
workers 1
ployees
workers 1 ployees
ers
ers
119.5
119.1
121.1
108.5
108.9
107.1
129.7
Table 105. Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected
industries, selected years, 1939-78— Continued
[1967=100]
Output per employee hour
Year
Employee hours
Output per employee hour
Pro
Pro
All
All
Nonpro
duction
duction Nonpro
em
duction
em
duction
work
work
ployees
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ers
ers
Output
Year
Soaps and detergents SIC 2841—-Continued
Synthetic fibers SIC 2823, 2824 — Continued
1971........
1972........
1973........
1974........
140.7
162.2
176.8
173.1
137.8
157.0
170.4
170.9
150.0
180.9
200.2
180.6
106.4
107.8
111.9
113.2
108.6
111.4
116.1
114.7
99.8
96.7
98.8
108.5
149.7
174.9
197.8
196.0
1977 2......
1975........
1976........
1977........
1 9 7 8 2......
187.2
198.4
224.4
230.7
192.0
203.6
225.1
221.2
173.4
183.4
222.7
266.4
94.2
94.0
91.5
93.2
91.8
91.6
91.2
97.2
101.7
101.7
92.2
80.7
176.3
186.5
205.3
215.0
1958-77....
1973-77....
6.4
6.4
6.3
6.5
6.5
6.2
2.0
-4 .3
2.0
-4 .4
1.9
-4 .2
82.1
83.9
82.5
83.0
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
90.9
94.1
100.0
106.3
113.4
90.7
93.4
100.0
107.2
112.2
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
116.2
125.7
134.9
132.1
141.3
118.0
134.8
143.5
143.0
152.4
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2......
145.4
155.4
151.3
156.1
160.5
168.0
164.0
176.3
85.9
91.5
85.5
92.5
94.9
100.0
100.0
102.6
107.8
95.2
100.7
100.0
101.8
108.9
_
—
_
113.5
114.4
112.3
120.1
119.0
111.8
106.7
105.6
111.0
110.4
—
—
—
—
118.9
121.6
124.2
129.4
107.7
112.5
114.6
114.6
_
—
_
—
_
_
—
_
—
—
—
_
107.1
99.7
123.9
135.2
2.9
-.6
3.4
-.2
1.9
-1 .5
1.2
.2
0.7
-.2
2.1
1.1
4.1
-.4
172.9
189.0
187.9
202.0
77.3
90.7
87.8
91.8
93.8
101.2
89.6
89.5
88.3
89.4
93.7
94.2
91.5
91.3
89.7
90.9
94.5
96.0
87.1
87.0
86.4
87.4
92.5
91.7
67.3
78.9
75.9
80.2
86.8
92.8
QQ 5
104.4
100.0
110.0
113.8
QQ A
yo.o
103.1
100.0
110.0
112.3
in n 7
IUU. t
106.2
100.0
110.1
115.8
QQ A
yy.o
102.4
100.0
98.8
100.4
in n *
3
1UU.O
103.7
100.0
98.8
101.8
QA A
yo.4
100.7
100.0
98.7
98.7
QQ.i
yy 1
106.9
100.0
108.7
114.3
101.7
114.4
119.5
112.1
123.7
100.8
115.9
117.9
110.8
126.5
102.9
112.5
121.8
114.2
120.2
107.0
100.9
103.0
106.2
101.4
107.9
99.6
104.4
107.5
99.1
105.7
102.6
101.1
104.3
104.3
108.8
115.4
123.1
119.1
125.4
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2.......
131.9
143.8
151.5
158.7
168.2
73.6
86.4
84.6
88.2
91.9
96.7
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
86.3
94.1
100.0
109.1
122.2
75.1
88.2
86.0
89.7
92.6
98.5
1QfiC
IoDO.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
8.5
1.8
129.1
133.2
137.0
137.2
137.5
138.9
139.8
140.7
119.5
126.5
133.6
132.9
93.1
95.0
96.4
101.0
87.4
91.1
94.5
98.5
100.6
100.0
98.9
104.3
120.2
126.5
132.1
138.6
2.8
3.9
3.0
4.4
2.4
3.3
0.6
-1 .1
0.3
-1 .5
0.9
-.5
3.3
2.8
R ate s o f
Change3
1958-78....
1973-78....
R ate s o f
Change3
1963-78....
1973-78....
109.1
1958.........
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1QfiA
70.5
76.8
_
135.6
Paints and allied products SIC 2851
Pharmaceutical preparations SIC 2834
1963.........
1964.........
126.2
R ate s o f
Chang e 3
R ate s o f
1957-78....
1973-78 ...j
Employee hours
Pro
Pro
All
All
Nonpro Output
duction Nonpro
duction
em
duction
em
duction
work
work
ployees
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ers
ers
Petroleum refining SIC 2911
4.7
3.2
—
5.6
3.8
_
2.5
1.5
1.6
•9
_
_
7.3
4.8
1939.........
1Q47
1950.........
1955
Soaps and detergents SIC 2841
(4)
OI A
39.0
48.9
29.9
OQ fi
£0.0
36.6
47.1
47.4
54.7
(4)
1AO Q
133.3
140.4
103.3
1DO.O
R
I
142.1
145.8
(4)
in c q
IUO.O
109.6
125.3
30.9
AA A
52.0
68.6
(4)
AO O
1958.........
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
77.7
81.7
82.6
83.9
90.7
90.7
78.3
81.5
81.7
81.7
87.5
88.3
76.3
82.0
84.2
89.7
98.8
96.5
83.3
88.0
91.7
93.9
93.9
97.8
82.6
88.2
92.6
96.5
97.4
100.4
84.8
87.7
89.9
87.8
86.2
91.9
64.7
71.9
75.7
78.8
85.2
88.7
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
62.7
67.5
73.5
79.1
83.4
62.1
67.1
73.5
78.5
83.0
64.7
68.9
73.9
80.5
84.8
125.5
119.4
114.3
109.0
106.3
126.8
120.1
114.3
109.8
106.9
121.6
117.0
113.7
107.1
104.6
78.7
80.6
84.0
86.2
88.7
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
88.1
94.2
100.0
101.1
101.1
87.0
94.0
100.0
102.4
104.1
90.7
94.6
100.0
98.2
95.0
100.4
99.6
100.0
104.8
108.7
101.7
99.8
100.0
103.5
105.6
97.6
99.2
100.0
107.9
115.7
88.5
93.8
100.0
106.0
109.9
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
90.5
97.7
100.0
102.4
105.3
89.9
97.1
100.0
103.1
109.1
92.1
99.5
100.0
100.6
96.4
100.8
98.2
100.0
101.2
100.1
101.4
98.8
100.0
100.5
96.6
99.0
96.4
100.0
103.0
109.3
91.2
95.9
100.0
103.6
105.4
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
105.7
108.6
120.0
127.5
132.7
110.4
114.8
125.1
134.4
139.6
96.3
96.5
110.1
114.2
119.3
109.1
102.9
104.9
106.0
103.9
104.4
97.3
100.6
100.5
98.8
119.7
115.7
114.3
118.3
115.6
115.3
111.7
125.9
135.1
137.9
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974 .....
104.8
109.5
120.5
132.4
121.4
106.6
112.3
121.9
135.7
121.8
100.6
102.8
117.0
124.3
120.4
102.4
100.6
95.0
91.1
96.7
100.7
98.1
93.9
88.9
96.4
106.7
107.2
97.9
97.0*
97.5
107.3
110.2
114.5
120.6
117.4
1975.........
1976.........
123.3
127.0
129.0
135.0
112.1
112.0
101.4
104.2
96.9
98.0
111.5
118.1
125.0
132.3
1975.........
1976.........
123.7
128.3
126.9
130.4
115.7
123.1
93.7
97.5
91.3
95.9
100.2
101.6
115.9
125.1
See footnotes at end of table.
218
Table 105. Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected
industries, selected years, 1939-78— Continued
[1967=100]
Output per employee hour
Output per employee hour
Employee hours
Pro
Pro
All
Nonpro
All
duction Nonpro
em duction duction
em
duction
work
work
ployees
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ers
ers
Output
Year
Pro
Pro
Output
All
All
duction Nonpro
duction Nonpro
duction
em
duction
em
work
work
workers 1
ployees
workers 1 ployees
ers
ers
Petroleum refining SIC 2911 — Continued
1977...
1978 2
Footwear SIC 314— Continued
136.2
132.8
139.5
134.0
128.4
129.7
98.0
102.6
95.7
101.7
104.0
105.1
133.5
136.3
5.1
1.1
5.5
1.1
4.1
1.3
-1 .7
1.9
-
2.0
-0 .7
2.0
1.8
3.4
3.1
Rates of
Change
1947-78
1973-78
45.3
56.2
58.0
54.8
74.1
72.7
43.1
52.6
54.8
132.7
102.7
118.7
139.4
109.8
125.6
109.6
77.9
94.7
60.1
57.7
68.8
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
72.2
74.5
82.0
88.2
96.2
70.9
74.4
79.8
86.7
94.4
76.8
75.1
90.8
93.4
102.6
100.9
94.6
98.0
94.9
98.2
102.7
94.8
100.8
96.5
100.1
94.8
93.9
88.5
89.6
92.1
72.8
70.5
80.4
83.7
94.5
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
98.2
100.3
100.0
106.9
103.3
96.7
98.3
100.0
105.7
101.8
103.7
107.6
100.0
111.4
108.9
102.1
107.3
100.0
113.7
120.2
103.7
109.5
100.0
115.0
122.0
96.7
100.0
100.0
109.2
114.1
100.3
107.6
100.0
121.6
124.2
1970.........
1971.........
1972........ 1973.........
1974.........
105.9
114.0
118.2
116.7
116.3
107.8
114.6
116.7
117.1
117.3
100.0
112.0
123.5
115.6
112.8
111.1
116.1
122.2
127.0
131.5
109.2
115.5
123.7
126.6
130.3
117.7
118.2
116.9
128.2
135.6
117.7
132.4
144.4
148.2
152.9
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2......
115.7
127.6
129.6
130.5
119.5
134.6
128.9
131.9
104.0
108.1
131.9
125.9
115.6
105.1
128.9
123.7
111.9
99.6
129.6
122.4
128.5
124.1
126.7
128.2
133.7
134.1
167.1
161.4
Rates of
Change 3
1947-78....
1973-78....
3.7
2.8
2.7
2.7
4.0
2.9
0.4
— .8
0.2
1.4
— .7
4.1
2.0
118.5
109.6
110.9
102.1
110.0
82.5
87.9
97.7
104.5
104.6
105.9
99.5
114.9
114.0
109.2
102.1
100.1
— .9
70.6
80.2
69.6
80.2
80.8
79.9
116.9
109.6
88.2
88.1
88.1
110.8
1960.
1961.
1962.
1963.
1964.
97.2
97.5
98.8
102.3
98.0
98.3
99.0
102.3
101.7
89.1
90.2
96.0
105.4
105.4
106.1
99.5
101.8
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
102.0
101.6
103.7
101.4
101.2
102.2
102.6
100.0
102.6
100.0
101.7
103.3
104.7
100.0
103.6
96.7
103.6
97.4
104.3
90.4
103.9
105.9
103.1
102.0
100.3
105.3
108.0
104.9
104.2
103.4
92.3
89.8
88.7
85.2
77.7
110.9
100.2
102.4
102.8
104.8
101.8
103.8
104.7
107.4
100.0
100.0
102.7
97.5
100.0
102.0
100.0
102.7
98.2
88.8
81.7
83.1
78.6
73.0
101.3
98.2
98.3
96.1
97.2
106.4
95.0
93.5
88.2
87.2
81.9
75.5
See footnotes at end of tables.
83.1
85.9
85.0
86.4
1.1
1.2
.6
.5
0.3
1.1
67.3
69.3
66.2
67.0
65.5
67.6
64.6
65.6
84.8
85.1
81.4
80.3
70.5
73.1
69.2
69.4
-1 .6
—3.5
-1 .7
-3 .5
-0 .9
-4 .0
-0 .4
-3 .0
G lass containers SIC 3221
1939.
1947.
1950.
1955.
59.7
77.4
77.4
81.2
(4 )
(4 )
77.4
78.5
81.6
77.1
88.9
84.4
73.3
64.1
76.8
41.2
73.3
65.0
77.2
73.5
56.6
74.3
24.6
56.7
50.3
62.7
1960.
1961.
1962.
1963.
1964.
81.6
83.2
86.3
89.4
91.8
81.8
83.1
86.5
89.3
91.9
79.4
82.9
84.0
89.2
90.9
87.6
89.2
89.8
89.6
91.2
87.4
89.3
89.6
89.7
91.1
90.0
89.5
92.3
89.8
92.1
71.5
74.2
77.5
80.1
83.7
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.
97.6
97.4
97.7
97.4
95.9
97.2
91.4
96.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
105.2
108.5
106.7
109.5
94.2
99.9
93.4
105.2
91.3
96.4
100.0
92.1
104.2
93.0
96.6
100.0
104.3
114.2
89.2
93.9
100.0
98.3
114.1
1970.
1971.
1972.
1973.
1974.
106.1
107.8
107.7
112.9
121.6
106.8
109.3
108.9
114.5
122.8
100.1
96.1
98.1
100.9
112.2
110.6
106.8
108.5
106.6
98.3
109.8
105.3
107.3
105.1
97.3
117.2
119.8
119.2
119.2
106.5
117.3
115.1
116.9
120.3
119.5
120.9
. 121.2
. 124.0
128.2
122.5
121.9
125.3
131.6
108.3
114.7
113.1
105.0
99.0
105.0
101.7
104.5
97.7
104.4
110.5
111.0
111.5
127.6
119.7
127.3
126.1
134.0
1.9
2.0
1.2
1.7
1.6
2.0
2.2
.8
.2
( 5)
2.3
1.4
3.6
2.2
1975.
1976..
1977..
1978 2
(4)
100.6
101.8
(4 )
Hydraulic cement SIC 3241
102.4
105.6
90.0
83.3
84.6
80.3
75.3
107.6
108.1
107.1
105.8
Rates of
Change3
1947-78
1973-78
103.5
104.7
105.1
. 104.8
. 105.5
104.5
103.6
Rates of
Change3
Footwear SIC 314
1947.
1950.
1955.
1975..
1976..
1977.. .
1978 2
1947-78
1973-78
Tires and inner tubes SIC 3011
1947.........
1950.........
1955.........
Employee hours
219
1939.
1947.
1950.
1955.
41.5
47.6
64.2
40.0
38.0
43.9
59.9
1960.
1961.
1962.
1963.
1964.
71.9
79.6
84.4
89.4
92.4
68.7
76.4
81.3
87.3
91.8
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.
95.2
99.8
94.7
99.6
100.0
110.9
112.3
100.0
110.1
1970.
110.3
(4 )
(4 )
(4)
69.1
75.2
94.9
134.1
138.8
130.9
91.6
96.9
121.9
111.3
109.0
107.6
108.4
101.0
100.2
95.7
97.7
101.2
100.0
90.2
146.4
150.5
140.5
127.7
115.9
113.1
(4 )
80.6
87.8
88.6
36.1
55.7
66.0
84.1
109.2
95.7
91.4
91.1
96.0
104.7
100.2
106.4
104.6
107.0
104.8
103.7
103.2
101.3
104.4
110.2
87.7
88.6
92.0
96.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
111.8
114.1
114.4
96.1
96.0
96.8
96.4
93.4
94.2
106.6
107.8
111.3
106.3
94.7
93.9
98.3
104.5
Table 105. Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected
Industries, selected years, 1939-78— Continued
[1967=100]
Output per employee hour
Year
Output per employee hour
Employee hours
Pro
Pro
All
All
Nonpro
Nonpro
duction
duction
em
duction
em
duction
work
work
workers 1
ployees
workers 1 ployees
ers
ers
Output
Year
Clay construction products SIC 3251, 53, 59— Continued
Hydraulic cement SIC 3241— Continued
1971..........
1972..........
1973..........
1974..........
121.5
123.7
129.7
119.0
121.9
122.9
129.2
118.4
120.1
126.9
132.6
121.9
90.6
94.1
92.9
95.7
90.3
94.7
93.3
96.2
91.7
91.7
90.9
93.4
110.1
116.4
120.5
113.9
1975..........
1976..........
1977..........
1978*.......
110.6
120.7
131.6
130.6
111.6
122.0
132.1
130.2
106.4
115.0
130.1
132.6
86.7
85.1
84.1
88.1
85.9
84.2
83.8
88.4
90.1
89.3
85.1
86.8
95.9
102.7
110.7
115.1
3.9
1.2
4.2
1.3
1.9
.8
- 1 .8
- 1 .9
-2 .1
- 2 .0
0.1
1.5
2.1
— .7
Structural clay products SIC 325
1958......
1960..........
1961..........
1962..........
1963..........
1964..........
75.7
83.5
86.5
93.1
89.5
95.7
74.2
81.6
84.2
90.5
87.8
94.8
84.2
95.5
100.5
108.9
99.3
100.9
114.2
121.9
117.4
115.2
108.0
111.3
116.5
124.8
120.6
118.5
110.1
112.4
102.6
106.6
101.0
98.5
97.4
105.6
86.4
101.8
101.5
107.3
96.7
106.5
1965..........
1966..........
1967..........
1968..........
1969..........
97.4
99.3
100.0
106.4
107.2
95.9
97.6
100.0
106.9
108.1
106.8
108.7
100.0
103.8
102.6
111.8
109.5
100.0
100.1
100.6
113.6
111.4
100.0
99.6
99.7
102.0
100.0
100.0
102.6
105.1
108.9
108.7
100.0
106.5
107.8
1970..........
1971..........
1972..........
1973..........
1974..........
112.8
122.8
127.3
131.7
134.6
117.7
128.4
128.9
130.9
135.0
92.8
100.4
119.4
135.8
132.3
88.6
84.3
86.6
85.3
86.8
84.9
80.6
85.5
85.8
86.5
107.7
103.1
92.3
82.7
88.3
99.9
103.5
110.2
112.3
116.8
1975..........
1976..........
1977..........
1978 2.......
132.0
138.3
146.4
151.3
136.5
142.8
149.0
155.4
113.1
118.9
134.3
133.4
75.7
75.0
73.5
74.7
73.2
72.6
72.2
72.7
88.3
87.2
80.1
84.7
99.9
103.7
107.6
113.0
Rates of
Change3
1958-78....
1973-78....
130.7
131.2
128.7
83.3
83.0
84.6
108.1
1975..........
1976..........
1977..........
1978 2.......
132.2
140.2
148.6
153.5
135.7
143.8
150.6
155.2
116.0
123.3
137.9
144.3
70.1
71.4
69.1
70.7
68.3
69.6
68.2
69.9
79.9
81.2
74.5
75.2
92.;
100/
102.;
i08.e
3.4
3.4
3.6
3.7
2.2
1.4
- 3 .3
- 3 .9
- 3 .5
- 4 .2
- 2 .2
- 2 .0
Rates of
Change3
3.4
2.9
3.7
3.5
1.7
(5)
- 2 .7
- 3 .3
- 3 .0
- 3 .9
-1 .1
— .5
0.6
— .5
1958......... j
1960.........1
1961..........
1962......... J
1963.........1
1964.........J
76.3
84.4
86.6
93.5
89.3
95.5
74.8
83.2
85.1
91.7
88.0
95.1
85.5
91.4
96.6
105.3
97.5
98.1
118.8
126.4
122.8
121.7
112.1
115.2
121.1
128.2
125.1
124.1
113.8
115.7
106.0
116.8
1*10.1
108.1
102.7
112.1
90.6
106.7
106.4
113.8
100.1
110.0
1965..........
1966..........
1967..........
1968..........
1969..........
97.7
98.7
100.0
107.2
106.0
96.6
97.4
100.0
107.1
106.5
104.1
107.0
100.0
107.5
104.1
113.7
109.8
100.0
100.3
99.5
115.0
111.3
100.0
100.4
99.1
106.7
101.3
100.0
100.0
101.3
111.1
108.4
100.0
107.5
105.5
1970..........
1971..........
1972..........
1973.........
113.5
126.7
130.4
133.0
117.0
130.3
130.7
132.2
96.8
109.5
128.3
138.1
85.3
81.8
85.2
83.6
82.7
79.5
85.0
84.1
10Q.0
94.6
86.6
80.5
96.8
103.6
111.1
111.2
See footnotes at end of table.
220
(5;
Brick and structural clay tile SIC 3251
1958..........
1960..........
1961..........
1962..........
1963..........
1964..........
78.8
89.4
91.9
98.3
90.1
97.7
77.2
88.3
89.G
96.0
88.5
96.6
90.3
96.7
108.6
115.2
101.0
105.1
113.1
121.9
121.1
120.1
105.0
109.0
115.4
123.4
124.2
123.0
106.9
110.2
98.7
112.7
102.5
102.5
93.7
101.3
89.1
109.0
111.3
118.1
94.6
106.5
1965..........
1966..........
1967..........
1968..........
1969..........
100.3
101.5
100.0
106.8
103.1
98.8
99.7
100.0
106.8
103.7
109.8
113.4
100.0
106.8
98.9
109.5
109.0
100.0
98.7
99.6
111.1
110.9
100.0
98.7
99.0
100.0
97.5
100.0
98.7
103.8
109.8
110.6
100.0
105.4
102.7
1970..........
1971..........
1972..........
1973..........
1974..........
115.4
127.5
130.2
128.6
132.3
118.5
131.7
130.8
129.0
133.1
99.7
107.2
126.5
126.4
128.5
84.2
84.1
88.5
87.1
84.8
82.0
81.4
88.1
86.8
84.3
97.5
100.0
91.1
88.6
87.3
97.2
107.2
115.2
112.0
112.2
1975..........
1976..........
1977..........
19782.......
133.7
147.2
143.5
149.2
137.0
152.7
146.8
151.4
116.6
121.3
126.6
137.1
69.5
69.9
72.6
75.6
67.8
67.4
71.0
74.5
79.7
84.8
82.3
82.3
92.9
102.9
104.2
112.8
3.1
3.1
3.4
3.5
1.4
1.1
- 2 .9
- 3 .3
-3 .1
- 3 .6
- 1 .2
- 1 .4
0.1
— .2
Rates of
Change3
1958-78....
1973-78....
Clay construction products SIC 3251, 53, 59
1974..........
1958-78....
1973-78....
Rates of
Change3
1947-78....
1973-78....
Employee hours
Pro
Pro
All
Nonpro Output
All
Nonpro
duction
duction
duction
duction
em
em
work
work
workers 1
workers 1 ployees
ployees
ers
ers
Ceramic wall and floor tile SIC 3253
1958..........
1960..........
1961..........
1962..........
1963..........
1964..........
71.6
75.6
80.5
88.5
86.8
90.5
69.6
75.3
81.4
87.5
85.9
91.2
82.1
77.2
76.3
93.1
91.1
87.8
120.4
130.1
116.2
123.6
118.1
123.6
123.9
130.7
114.8
125.0
119.3
122.7
105.0
127.5
122.5
117.5
112.5
127.5
86.2
98.4
93.5
109.4
102.5
111.9
1965..........
1966..........
1967..........
1968..........
1969..........
92.5
93.6
100.0
106.0
105.2
91.6
92.2
100.0
107.1
105.8
96.7
100.2
100.0
101.4
102.4
117.6
109.7
100.0
100.5
94.9
118.8
111.4
100.0
99.4
94.3
112.5
102.5
100.0
105.0
97.5
108.8
102.7
100.0
106.5
99.8
1970..........
1971..........
1972..........
1973..........
1974..........
104.0
113.6
127.4
133.5
128.1
107.4
113.7
125.3
130.2
127.2
91.0
112.8
137.4
150.1
132.2
87.5
74.5
78.2
75.9
85.2
84.7
74.4
79.5
77.8
85.8
100.0
75.0
72.5
67.5
82.5
91.0
84.6
99.6
101.3
109.1
1975..........
131.8
134.4
121.2
75.9
74.4
82.5
100.0
Table 105. Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected
industries, selected years, 1939-78— Continued
[1967 = 100]
Output per employee hour
Year
Employee hours
Output, per employee hour
Pro
Pro
All
All
Nonpro
duction Nonpro
em duction duction
em
duction
work
work
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ployees
ers
ers
Output
Year
Pro
Pro
Output
All
All
Nonpro
duction Nonpro
em duction duction
duction
em
work
work
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ployees
ers
ers
Concrete products SIC 3271, 3272—-Continued
Ceramic wall and floor tile SIC 3253— Continued
1976........
1977 2......
131.6
152.4
132.6
168.3
131.5
149.2
80.6
71.8
80.7
73.3
80.0
65.0
106.1
109.4
R ates o f
Change 3
R ate s o f
Chang e 3
1958-77....
1973-77....
1947-77....
1973-77....
3.7
3.0
3.7
3.1
3.5
2.3
-3 .3
-1 .7
-3 .4
-1 .8
-3 .2
-1 .1
Employee hours
1958.........
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
Clay refractories SIC 3255
72.3
79.7
85.4
91.1
90.4
96.9
71.8
74.3
80.7
86.1
87.8
94.4
74.4
113.4
112.7
119.2
102.3
108.6
96.2
102.9
95.4
89.1
91.6
95.4
96.9
110.4
101.0
94.3
94.3
97.9
93.6
72.3
72.3
68.1
80.9
85.1
69.6
82.0
81.5
81.2
82.8
92.4
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
96.3
101.8
100.0
103.5
111.8
93.0
98.9
100.0
106.5
115.0
112.2
115.3
100.0
92.9
100.3
104.2
108.4
100.0
99.2
105.0
107.8
111.5
100.0
96.4
102.1
89.4
95.7
100.0
110.6
117.0
100.3
110.3
100.0
102.7
117.4
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
110.4
109.3
116.4
125.6
143.9
119.1
121.1
123.2
124.8
143.1
85.1
78.4
94.5
129.4
147.6
101.7
94.6
91.6
92.1
100.4
94.3
85.4
86.5
92.7
101.0
131.9
131.9
112.8
89.4
97.9
112.3
103.4
106.6
115.7
144.5
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2......
127.6
130.3
137.1
142.0
133.0
136.5
139.5
151.8
109.1
109.6
127.7
112.2
98.3
89.5
91.2
90.8
94.3
85.4
89.6
84.9
114.9
106.4
97.9
114.9
3.3
1.4
1.6
-1 .1
81.6
82.0
80.9
83.0
90.3
90.8
_
_
—
—
1.4
-4 .4
1.1
-5 .0
2.8
-2 .6
4.4
-3 .6
66.4
72.2
72.8
75.0
88.3
89.6
Ready-mixed concrete SIC 3273
0.2
1.3
1958.........
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
3.0
.8
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
81.4
88.0
90.0
90.4
97.8
98.7
_
—
—
—
—
125.4
116.6
125.0
128.9
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
95.1
95.6
100.0
103.0
98.6
_
—
—
—
—
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
96.0
102.5
104.8
109.0
105.7
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1975.........
1976.........
1977 2.......
102.7
104.0
105.1
_
—
_
—
—
101.9
100.5
100.0
97.4
103.0
—
—
—
—
100.6
97.4
113.0
112.2
113.2
_
—
—
—
—
_
105.4
103.8
115.0
_
—
_
—
108.2
108.0
120.9
—
—
—
—
96.9
96.1
100.0
100.3
101.6
96.6
99.8
118.4
122.3
119.6
R ate s o f
Ch ang e 3
R ates o f
Change3
1958-78....
1973-78....
—
3.2
1.4
0.6
-3 .2
3.8
2.7
-0 .3
-1 .3
-0 .9
-2 .5
2.2
3.4
1958-77....
1973-77....
2.9
.1
-
1.6
.9
_
_
—
—
_
_
—
1.4
.4
—
3.0
-1 .2
Steel SIC 331
Concrete products SIC 3271, 3272
1947.........
1950.........
1955.........
44.1
56.6
71.3
39.1
55.0
71.3
91.5
65.9
73.8
63.2
81.1
85.1
71.3
83.4
85.1
30.5
69.7
82.2
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
73.0
74.5
75.9
82.2
87.1
72.0
73.9
75.1
83.5
89.0
79.6
79.3
82.1
80.5
83.2
97.8
96.1
97.5
100.4
103.2
99.1
96.9
98.6
98.8
101.0
89.7
90.3
90.1
102.5
108.1
90.5
95.9
100.0
108.0
106.8
92.1
99.4
100.0
108.5
107.8
88.0
88.1
100.0
106.7
103.3
108.2
108.6
100.0
100.8
104.8
106.3
104.8
100.0
100.4
103.8
111.2
118.3
100.0
102.1
108.3
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
104.4
111.7
113.7
115.9
116.4
105.3
113.9
116.3
118.4
118.0
101.3
103.9
105.0
107.3
110.9
111.4
110.7
115.9
120.4
106.9
110.4
108.5
113.3
117.8
105.4
114.8
119.0
125.5
130.0
112.2
1975.........
1976.........
1977 2......
113.3
116.3
120.9
118.6
120.3
126.0
97.3
103.8
105.1
98.6
97.4
100.6
94.2
94.2
96.5
114.8
109.2
115.7
See footnotes at end of table.
221
100.7
105.7
112.1
109.4
114.2
119.4
65.3
70.5
82.0
70.8
82.8
98.4
82.3
84.9
89.2
93.2
97.2
82.3
85.4
89.6
92.1
94.8
82.4
83.0
87.9
98.1
108.6
98.4
91.3
91.4
92.8
101.0
98.4
90.8
91.0
93.9
103.6
98.3
93.4
92.7
88.2
90.4
81.0
77.5
81.5
86.5
98.2
101.1
103.2
100.0
103.5
104.0
98.7
101.3
100.0
104.7
104.8
112.9
111.6
100.0
98.9
100.8
105.6
104.2
100.0
102.3
104.3
108.2
106.1
100.0
101.1
103.5
94.6
96.3
100.0
107.2
107.6
106.8
107.5
100.0
105.9
108.5
101.3
106.2
112.7
123.5
123.5
102.9
108.8
114.2
123.5
124.0
95.3
96.9
106.9
123.4
121.6
99.1
89.9
90.9
98.7
98.6
97.6
87.8
89.7
98.7
98.2
105.3
98.6
95.8
98.8
100.2
100.4
95.5
102.4
121.9
121.8
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2......
111.7
113.3
121.6
108.4
117.4
120.0
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
116.3
123.6
131.8
139.5
124.4
64.7
72.5
82.4
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
97.9
104.2
100.0
108.9
111.9
70.3
78.3
87.8
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
71.4
71.6
74.0
82.5
89.9
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
1947.........
1950.........
1955.........
27.9
45.9
60.7
-
107.6
114.5
115.6
120.7
111.8
117.8
119.6
122.8
93.6
102.3
102.3
112.7
85.7
87.1
88.3
90.9
82.5
84.6
85.4
89.3
98.5
97.5
99.8
97.3
92.2
99.7
102.1
109.7
Table 105. Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected
industries, selected years, 1939-78— Continued
(1967=100]
Output per employee hour
Year
Output per employee hour
Employee hours
Pro
Pro
All
All
duction Nonpro
duction Nonpro
duction
duction
em
em
work
work
workers 1
workers 1 ployees
ployees
ers
ers
Year
Output
Pro
Pro
All
All
Nonpro
Nonpro Output
duction
duction
duction
em
duction
em
work
work
ployees
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ers
ers
Steel foundries SIC 3324, 3325— Continued
Steel SIC 331— Continued
Rates of
Change 3
Rates of
Change 3
1947-78....
1973-78....
Employee hours
1.8
- .7
2.1
-.2
(5)
-2 .5
-0 .5
-2 .1
-0 .8
-2 .5
1.2
-.3
1.3
-2 .8
1954-78....
1973-78....
Gray iron foundries SIC 3321
78.2
84.3
77.2
82.3
87.2
101.7
93.7
107.0
95.0
109.6
84.1
88.7
73.3
90.2
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964........
86.6
88.7
92.2
94.1
100.1
87.9
90.4
92.8
94.1
99.0
78.5
79.0
88.4
95.0
108.1
83.6
77.3
84.7
88.4
96.2
82.4
75.9
84.2
88.4
97.3
92.2
86.8
88.3
87.6
89.1
72.4
68.6
78.1
83.2
96.3
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969........
104.9
105.6
100.0
106.1
111.4
103.9
104.7
100.0
106.2
111.3
113.4
112.8
100.0
105.1
112.0
103.4
106.3
100.0
101.3
107.2
104.4
107.2
100.0
101.2
107.3
95.7
99.5
100.0
102.3
106.6
n e .5
1 1.2
11 ).0
1C '.5
11 i.4
1970........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
105.8
113.0
118.9
124.2
128.0
107.4
115.4
120.3
125.2
129.7
95.8
99.1
110.0
117.8
117.4
100.4
94.7
102.6
113.3
110.6
98.9
92.7
101.4
112.4
109.2
110.9
108.0
110.9
119.4
120.6
106.2
107.0
122.0
140.7
141.6
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2.......
126.7
125.6
129.8
130.4
130.9
129.7
133.6
134.0
103.4
103.0
107.9
109.9
97.0
97.9
100.7
103.6
93.9
94.8
97.8
100.8
118.9
119.4
121.1
122.9
122.9
123.0
130.7
135.1
0.4
-4 .1
0.8
1.6
0.6
.8
1.8
5.3
2.1
1.0
2.3
.8
2.4
1.2
1.3
-1 .7
0.7
-2 .0
0.5
-2 .4
1.6
.5
2.9
-1 .3
1939.........
1947.........
1950.........
1955.........
78 2
85.9
79.4
84.9
71.4
91.3
74.6
87.0
73.4
88.0
81.6
81.8
86.3
87.3
91.6
97.5
97.9
87.1
88.7
91.8
97.2
95.9
82.3
80.4
91.5
99.5
109.5
70.7
64.7
71.8
81.1
91.5
70.0
63.7
71.7
81.4
93.4
74.1
70.3
71.9
79.5
81.8
100.5
102.1
100.0
97.5
99.5
98.4
100.1
100.0
99.4
100.3
113.0
114.4
100.0
88.4
95.1
97.7
106.7
100.0
95.3
100.5
99.8
108.8
100.0
93.5
99.7
86.9
95.2
100.0
105.1
105.2
96.2
100.4
106.0
107.6
118.5
97.9
104.7
109.3
109.7
119.9
87.9
82.1
91.2
97.3
111.8
87.1
80.2
81.9
87.4
94.6
85.6
76.9
79.4
85.7
93.5
95.3
98.0
95.2
96.6
100.3
113.6
111.5
106.3
110.5
116.4
116.5
111.8
116.1
100.7
90.5
84.1
88.1
93.3
88.4
94.6
98.6
91.1
84.6
90.0
93.9
105.3
109.0
119.6
123.7
(4)
77.3
89.9
97.9
83.8
107.4
114.7
123.1
98.7
103.2
109.6
112.2
116.6
94.4
99.0
104.8
106.4
110.2
121.3
125.2
135.2
143.3
152.7
123.0
119.4
118.1
114.2
115.4
128.6
124.5
123.5
120.4
122.1
100.1
98.4
95.7
89.4
88.1
121.4
123.2
129.4
128.1
134.5
120.2
118.7
100.0
117.8
120.7
113.1
111.6
100.0
112.8
113.8
161.5
159.8
100.0
143.5
160.4
118.2
123.1
100.0
112.1
132.9
125.6
130.9
100.0
117.0
140.9
88.0
91.4
100.0
92.0
100.0
142.1
146.1
100.0
132.0
160.4
116.7
121.4
135.2
140.6
127.6
111.4
119.2
129.4
136.7
126.7
144.3
131.2
165.3
159.6
130.8
137.8
120.4
116.8
114.8
115.4
144.3
122.6
122.0
118.1
116.2
111.4
111.4
95.5
101.1
112.5
160.8
146.2
157.9
161.4
147.2
126.4
142.7
148.6
138.8
129.0
143.7
149.3
135.8
116.9
138.6
146.3
153.2
104.0
98.2
88.4
94.0
101.9
97.5
88.0
96.1
112.5
101.1
89.8
85.2
131.5
140.1
131.4
130.5
2.1
1.5
2.4
1.6
0.8
.9
-1 .1
-5 .2
-1 .3
-5 .3
0.3
-4 .6
1.1
-3 .8
1947-78....
1973-78....
83.8
80.5
86.8
94.0
112.1
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2......
136.0
169.5
151.3
139.0
Rates of
Change 3
98.2
108.9
100.0
92.9
100.0
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
(4)
151.3
139.2
130.8
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2.......
61.0
56.5
65.8
79.1
89.6
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
(4)
138.9
127.6
125.7
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
58.3
74.7
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
61.6
63.4
75.8
88.9
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
Steel foundries SIC 3324, 3325
1954
1955.........
(4)
71.0
82.4
94.1
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
Rates of
Change 3
106.0
98.6
100.6
109.0
Primary copper SIC 3331
1947.........
1950
1955
65.6
79.9
92.0
161.6
141.4
146.3
144.9
132.0
128.7
164.4
144.5
139.0
66.7
81.7
87.4
107.8
115.5
127.9
99.1
101.0
109.6
109.2
116.1
91.7
95.7
103.5
101.8
108.4
146.0
130.6
144.0
155.2
162.7
140.6
135.9
135.5
133.0
129.5
151.9
143.5
143.5
142.8
138.7
95.4
105.1
103.1
93.6
92.4
139.3
137.3
148.5
145.3
150.3
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
118.7
115.7
100.0
119.2
119.3
109.0
107.6
100.0
113.4
111.3
183.7
165.3
100.0
149.5
168.2
136.1
142.9
100.0
119.9
150.4
148.1
153.6
100.0
126.0
161.3
87.9
100.0
100.0
95.6
106.7
161.5
165.3
100.0
142.9
179.5
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
114.9
117.4
124.5
129.6
116.1
108.7
114.6
118.5
124.1
115.6
149.1
130.6
156.6
157.2
117.9
161.5
143.4
150.9
150.9
153.5
170.7
147.0
158.6
157.5
154.1
124.4
128.9
120.0
124.4
151.1
185.5
168.4
187.9
195.5
178.2
1975.........
222
74.4
87.5
99.4
I9 6 0 .........
1961.........
1962.........
1963........ ,
1964.........
See footnotes at end of table.
1.6
.2
Primary copper, lead, and zinc SIC 3331, 3332, 3333
1954.........
1955.........
1954-78....
1973-78....
1.4
-.6
118.7
121.1
109.9
135.8
133.1
146.7
161.2
Table 105. Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected
industries, selected years, 1939-78— Continued
[1967 = 100]
Output per employee hour
Year
Output per employee hour
Employee hours
Pro
Pro
All
All
Nonpro
Nonpro
duction duction
duction
duction
em
em
work
work
workers 1
workers 1 ployees
ployees
ers
ers
Output
Year
Primary copper SIC 3331— Continued
1976........
1977........
1978 2......
136.3
143.7
136.4
137.1
141.9
131.7
132.9
151.4
159.5
125.7
112.4
119.5
124.9
113.8
123.8
Copper rolling and drawing SIC 3351 — Continued
128.9
106.7
102.2
171.3
161.5
163.0
1977.........
1978 2......
120.7
118.8
123.4
119.5
110.4
115.9
81.2
84.1
79.4
83.6
2.0
1.5
2.1
1.5
1.2
1.5
-1 .0
-4 .2
-1 .2
-4 .1
88.fr
86.2
98.0
99.9
Rates of
Change 3
Rates of
Change 3
1947-78...
1973-78...
Employee hours
Pro
Pro
Nonpro Output
All
All
Nonpro
duction duction
duction
duction
em
em
work
work
workers 1
workers 1 ployees
ployees
ers
ers
1.6
3.0
1.9
3.0
(5)
2.9
0.1
-6 .0
-0 .2
-6 .0
1.8
-6 .0
1.8
-3 .2
1958-78....
1973-78....
-0 .3
-4 .1
0.9
-2 .7
Aluminum rolling and drawing SIC 3353, 3354, 3355
Primary aluminum SIC 3334
1947........
1950........
1955........
43.6
48.9
57.4
42.4
47.5
56.3
50.1
57.0
62.8
40.6
46.0
86.6
41.7
47.4
88.3
35.3
39.5
79.2
17.7
22.5
49.7
1960........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
81.9
85.3
89.4
92.5
95.2
83.0
87.5
90.4
93.2
94.4
77.4
76.8
84.8
89.1
98.7
76.9
69.6
73.6
77.4
82.8
75.9
67.9
72.8
76.8
83.5
81.4
77.3
77.6
80.4
79.8
63.0
59.4
65.8
71.6
78.8
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
97.5
100.9
100.0
93.5
102.3
97.0
100.7
100.0
94.5
102.5
99.5
102.1
100.0
89.1
101.7
87.0
90.2
100.0
105.3
110.9
87.4
90.4
100.0
104.2
110.7
85.2
89.1
100.0
110.5
111.6
84.8
91.0
100.0
98.5
113.5
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
104.9
113.8
112.2
111.1
122.8
106.2
117.3
116.7
111.8
123.7
99.2
100.7
95.8
108.4
118.4
112.1
100.9
106.2
117.9
115.5
110.7
97.9
102.1
117.2
114.6
118.6
114.0
124.4
120.9
119.8
117.6
114.8
119.2
131.0
141.8
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1 9 7 8 2......
105.8
110.8
109.5
106.1
112.8
114.0
111.2
106.4
83.2
98.8
102.6
104.8
106.0
110.9
119.8
130.9
99.5
107.8
118.0
130.5
134.9
124.4
127.9
132.6
112.2
122.9
131.2
138.9
63.8
65.2
71.7
77.8
86.3
91.7
64.9
66.3
72.2
78.4
86.5
91.9
59.3
61.5
69.6
76.1
85.3
91.0
75.9
86.6
86.0
89.3
89.2
92.8
74.6
85.2
85.4
88.7
89.0
92.6
81.6
91.8
88.7
91.3
90.3
93.5
48.4
56.5
61.7
69.5
77.0
85.1
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
100.5
101.1
100.0
104.5
107.4
100.0
99.4
100.0
105.9
108.1
103.1
109.2
100.0
99.0
102.0
96.7
106.4
100.0
106.2
111.3
97.2
108.3
100.0
104.8
110.5
94.3
98.5
100.0
112.1
117.1
97.2
107.6
100.0
111.0
119.5
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973........ .
1974.........
109.6
119.9
140.5
154.7
157.9
114.4
124.9
141.3
154.1
159.2
93.1
102.9
136.9
157.0
153.1
102.6
100.8
104.0
112.5
104.6
98.3
96.8
103.4
112.9
103.8
120.8
117.5
106.7
110.8
107.9
112.5
120.9
146.1
174.0
165.2
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1 9 7 8 2......
142.5
166.0
163.7
166.2
152.4
168.9
164.5
166.9
112.0
154.6
160.2
163.5
81.2
93.5
100.7
109.0
75.9
91.9
100.2
108.6
103.3
100.4
102.9
110.8
115.7
155.2
164.8
181.2
5.2
1.8
5.3
1.7
4.8
1.9
1.0
-.4
0.9
-.3
1.3
-.5
6.2
1.4
Rates of
Change 3
1958-78....
1973-78....
Rates of
Change 3
1947-78....
1973-78....
1958.........
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
3.6
-1 .5
3.8
-1 .6
2.7
-1 .2
2.9
2.0
2.7
2.0
3.8
1.7
6.8
.4
Copper rolling and drawing SIC 3351
Metal cans SIC 3411
1947.........
1950.........
1955.........
59.8
70.0
77.5
60.1
70.2
77.9
58.6
68.0
74.5
75.4
83.6
86.3
75.1
83.3
85.9
76.9
86.0
89.8
45.1
58.5
66.9
1958.........
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
71.1
75.4
81.6
87.5
95.7
105.4
72.1
75.1
82.9
88.3
94.0
103.5
67.1
76.2
76.7
84.2
103.6
114.0
99.5
97.4
99.1
105.2
100.1
102.5
98.1
97.7
97.6
104.2
101.9
104.3
105.4
96.3
105.5
109.2
92.5
94.7
70.7
73.4
80.9
92.0
95.8
108.0
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
88.3
93.2
90.2
89.6
91.5
88.8
93.8
90.3
89.9
92.2
83.8
89.3
89.2
86.8
87.1
85.6
85.7
87.5
86.7
91.1
85.1
85.2
87.4
86.4
90.5
90.2
89.5
88.5
89.5
95.8
75.6
79.9
78.9
77.7
83.4
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
111.4
117.7
100.0
103.8
110.3
108.9
114.1
100.0
104.7
110.5
123.4
136.3
100.0
99.8
109.5
102.8
108.2
100.0
100.6
106.4
105.1
111.6
100.0
99.7
106.2
92.8
93.4
100.0
104.6
107.2
114.5
127.3
100.0
104.4
117.4
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
94.1
96.7
100.0
104.5
107.1
95.6
96.7
100.0
104.6
107.7
83.3
96.6
100.0
104.5
102.9
93.0
95.8
100.0
106.0
106.0
91.5
95.8
100.0
105.9
105.4
105.0
95.9
100.0
106.0
110.3
87.5
92.6
100.0
110.8
113.5
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
1975.........
98.6
109.6
112.2
117.7
106.3
94.7
101.4
112.0
112.4
117.4
108.6
102.6
88.0
100.6
111.0
119.3
97.4
71.2
97.0
93.0
98.2
104.0
97.0
78.7
94.3
91.0
98.0
104.3
94.9
72.6
108.6
101.3
99.3
102.6
105.9
104.6
95.6
101.9
110.2
122.4
103.1
74.5
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
105.4
105.1
108.0
109.2
113.3
106.7
107.0
109.1
109.9
116.0
96.6
92.3
100.5
104.6
96.6
115.0
110.0
110.9
114.3
111.9
113.6
108.0
109.8
113.6
109.3
125.5
125.2
119.2
119.3
131.3
121.2 (
115.6
119.8
124.8
126.8
1976.........
105.4
108.3
94.7
87.5
85.1
97.4
92.2
1975.........
1976.........
116.0
124.8
121.0
129.5
88.8
98.1
101.6
98.5
97.4
94.9
132.7
125.3
117.9
122.9
See footnotes at end of table.
223
i. Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected
> selected years, 1939-78—Continued
,
Output per employee hour
Employee hours
Output per employee hour
Pro
Pro
All
Nonpro
duction Nonpro
™
em- duction duction
em .
duction
work
work
ployees
workers 1 Dloyees
workers 1
ers
ers
Output
Year
Metal cans SIC 3411— Continued
1977.
1978
Major household appliances SIC 3631, 3632, 3633, 3639—
Continued
131.0
135.1
135.6
140.6
104.7
104.8
97.5
97.7
94.2
93.9
122.0
126.0
127.7
132.0
2.3
4.6
2.4
5.2
1.8
1.0
1.1
-3 .5
1.0
-4 .0
1.6
(5)
3.4
1.0
Rates of
Change3
Rate
Char
19471973-
Klotors
and generate rs SIC 3 621
1954.
1955.
57.3
58.8
59.6
60.7
50.6
53.0
97.4
99.9
93.6
96.7
110.3
110.7
1960.
1961.
1962.
1963.
1964.
71.2
76.2
84.8
85.8
94.8
76.4
81.9
89.0
88.6
97.9
57.9
61.4
73.0
77.4
85.6
88.0
83.2
82.7
84.0
85.1
82.1
77.4
78.8
81.4
82.4
108.3
103.2
96.0
93.1
94.3
101.4
103.7
100.0
102.5
103.1
101.8
101.4
100.0
103.2
103.7
100.3
112.4
100.0
100.6
101.5
91.3
98.9
100.0
98.1
98.6
91.0
101.2
100.0
97.5
98.1
92.3
91.3
100.0
100.0
100.2
100.8
108.9
109.9
115.4
114.8
102.8
111.3
109.7
112.4
113.2
94.7
101.1
111.3
126.7
120.1
91.3
83.1
80.6
88.7
87.3
89.5
81.3
80.8
91.1
88.5
97.2
89.5
79.6
80.8
83.4
106.7
109.9
114.0
110.3
108.3
114.1
96.0
116.0
113.8
71.2
78.4
85.1
68.9
79.6
85.0
79.2
74.3
85.2
5.4
3.2
-0 .6
-.2
-0 .5
-.2
-1 .1
-.5
4.2
2.7
Household cook ing equif5ment SIIC 3631
76.0
86.2
97.0
79.4
81.5
84.4
87.4
95.5
96.4
80.2
85.7
88.0
91.1
94.9
97.4
76.0
68.2
73.0
75.5
98.2
92.9
91.1
98.2
92.9
90.6
96.4
97.5
90.1
93.3
89.1
86.9
97.1
96.5
95.1
117.3
107.4
104.9
93.8
101.2
72.3
80.0
78.4
79.2
92.1
94.0
101.2
100.1
100.0
108.4
113.4
100.0
98.7
100.0
107.5
114.8
106.1
106.4
100.0
111.9
108.2
104.8
103.6
100.0
105.8
107.1
106.1
105.1
100.0
106.7
105.8
100.0
97.5
100.0
102.5
112.3
106.1
103.7
100.0
114.7
121.5
110.2
120.4
128.9
134.9
138.4
111.8
122.3
128.6
134.0
144.1
104.4
113.5
130.3
138.6
119.8
107.6
107.1
117.3
126.9
105.8
106.1
105.4
117.6
127.8
101.6
113.6
113.6
116.0
123.5
122.2
118.6
128.9
151.2
171.2
146.4
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2.......
92.0
90.5
88.6
102.4
100.2
1975.
1976.
1977
4.8
2.9
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
92.6
102.6
100.0
100.6
101.7
1970.
1971.
1972.
1973.
1974.
4.9
3.0
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
62.7
63.4
70.1
72.1
80.7
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.
1958-78....
1973-78....
1958.........
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
55.8
58.7
152.8
156.1
153.3
167.4
161.4
164.6
161.1
172.6
126.7
130.1
129.0
150.1
88.1
112.2
122.6
128.4
83.4
106.4
116.6
124.6
106.2
134.6
145.7
143.2
134.6
175.1
187.9
215.0
3.8
4.1
3.9
4.7
3.4
1.9
1.3
2.1
1.1
1.5
1.7
4.4
5.1
6.3
Rates of
Change3
Rate
Chan
19541973-
Employee hours
Pro
Pro
Nonpro
Nonpro Output
duction
A"
■duction
A"
em <
duction
em
duction
work
work
ployees
workers 1 |
workers 1
ployees
ers
ers
3.3
-.7
3.0
-.1
4.4
-2 .5
-0 .7
-1 .9
-0 .4
-2 .4
-1 .7
-.1
1958-78...,
1973-78 ...J
2.6
-2 .6
Househo d refriaerators and freezers S C 3632
3
Major househtold appliances SIC 3631, 3e>32, 3633, : 639
1958........
1960........
1961........
1962........
1963........
1964........
50.1
60.5
64.6
69.7
81.9
87.8
51.8
61.0
65.5
69.0
82.7
87.5
43.0
57.5
60.1
73.8
78.4
89.2
80.2
88.3
80.2
85.5
83.6
90.0
77.6
87.5
79.1
86.4
82.8
90.3
93.4
92.8
86.2
80.8
87.4
88.6
40.2
53.4
51.8
59.6
68.5
79.0
92.6
97.5
100.0
110.9
110.9
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
90.7
91.7
100.0
104.6
109.5
90.7
90.4
100.0
104.3
110.5
90.7
99.2
100.0
106.0
104.5
96.4
103.6
100.0
105.6
97.7
96.4
105.1
100.0
105.9
96.8
96.4
95.8
100.0
104.2
102.4
87.4
95.0
100.0
110.5
107.0
104.8
88.3
87.2
91.8
89.0
106.9
101.1
117.2
127.3
113.7
1970.........
1971.........
1972........
1973.........
1974.........
105.8
128.8
141.7
141.3
143.1
107.0
129.6
140.6
141.9
145.0
100.8
125.4
147.1
138.4
133.5
94.1
61.8
65.3
66.9
62.6
93.1
61.4
65.8
66.6
61.8
98.8
63.5
62.9
68.3
67.1
99.6
79.6
92.5
94.5
89.6
84.2
89.8
88.5
87.8
104.7
116.3
131.6
137.9
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2......
139.9
139.6
148.6
149.9
145.2
145.0
148.4
148.5
118.0
118.2
149.5
156.6
63.6
61.9
67.5
67.6
61.3
59.6
67.6
68.2
75.4
73.1
67.1
64.7
89.0
86.4
100.3
101.3
1958.
1960.
1961.
1962.
1963.
1964.
58.3
66.3
70.6
76.8
87.7
91.4
61.3
68.9
73.7
78.3
87.8
91.1
48.0
56.9
59.5
70.8
87.3
92.3
92.4
94.3
87.5
90.2
87.7
93.4
87.9
90.7
83.8
88.5
87.6
93.7
112.2
109.9
103.9
97.9
88.1
92.5
53.9
62.5
61.8
69.3
76.9
85.4
1965.
1966.
1967.
1968.
1969.
94.2
94.5
100.0
105.2
108.8
94.3
93.2
100.0
104.4
109.6
93.6
100.2
100.0
108.9
106.0
98.3
103.2
100.0
105.4
101.9
98.2
104.6
100.0
106.2
101.2
98.9
97.3
100.0
101.8
104.6
1970.
1971.
1972.
1973.
1974.
106.3
121.4
133.0
135.1
134.9
107.3
123.0
132.7
134.4
136.7
102.0
114.5
134.4
138.7
127.8
100.6
83.3
88.1
94.2
84.3
99.6
82.2
88.3
94.7
83.2
1975.
1976.
1977.
1978
140.7
145.2
150.4
154.6
145.2
149.5
150.7
154.1
124.3
129.5
148.7
157.1
74.4
80.1
87.5
89.2
72.1
77.8
87.3
89.5
notes at end of table.
224
Table 105. Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected
industries, selected years, 1939-78— Continued
[1967=100]
Output per employee hour
Year
Output per employee hour
Employee hours
Pro
Pro
All
All
Nonpro
duction Nonpro
em
em duction duction
duction
work
work
ployees
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ers
ers
Output
Year
Household refrigerators and freezers SIC 3632— Continued
Household appliances N.E.C. SIC 3639— Continued
1973-78...,
Rates of
Change3
1958-78...
1973-78...
5.9
5.7
1.2
5.7
.9
5.6
2.8
-1 .9
.7
-1 .9
1.0
-1 .8
-.9
3.7
1.9
1958........
1960........
1961........
1962........
1963........
1964........
59.3
63.3
69.2
76.8
91.4
90.5
64.4
68.8
75.8
82.6
90.5
89.0
44.7
47.7
50.8
59.6
95.0
97.4
115.3
106.0
98.8
97.6
84.7
95.7
106.2
97.6
90.2
90.8
85.5
97.3
153.1
140.7
134.6
125.9
81.5
88.9
68.4
67.1
68.4
75.0
77.4
86.6
1965........
1966........
1967........
1968........
1969........
91.6
94.7
100.0
102.8
103.4
94.8
94.6
100.0
101.1
102.5
80.4
95.1
100.0
110.4
107.0
98.6
106.7
100.0
107.4
107.4
95.3
106.8
100.0
109.2
108.3
112.3
106.2
100.0
100.0
103.7
90.3
101.0
100.0
110.4
111.0
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
105.4
116.6
123.9
131.5
126.0
105.9
116.5
121.6
128.6
126.3
103.0
117.3
134.7
144.5
125.2
100.2
98.1
107.4
108.6
96.9
99.7
98.2
109.5
111.0
96.7
102.5
97.5
98.8
98.8
97.5
105.6
114.4
133.1
142.8
122.1
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1 9 7 8 2......
138.5
145.9
146.1
138.2
139.2
146.3
143.0
133.3
135.0
144.4
160.3
162.7
74.6
78.2
88.0
91.6
74.2
78.0
89.9
95.0
76.5
79.0
80.2
77.8
103.3
114.1
128.6
126.6
Rates of
Change3
7.0
-2 .1
-1 .9
-3 .1
3.7
1954.........
1955.........
71.4
76.1
72.5
76.7
64.5
71.9
70.4
73.7
69.4
73.1
78.0
78.0
50.3
56.1
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
86.4
85.1
90.5
92.4
95.5
87.9
86.8
91.7
93.1
96.3
77.1
74.0
81.7
88.2
90.3
79.7
75.2
79.8
82.1
83.6
78.4
73.7
78.7
81.5
82.9
89.4
86.5
88.4
86.1
88.4
68.9
64.0
72.2
75.9
79.8
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
101.5
102.1
100.0
103.4
102.3
101.5
101.4
100.0
103.3
102.9
101.4
107.5
100.0
104.1
97.9
88.3
97.9
100.0
106.2
104.4
88.3
98.6
100.0
106.3
103.8
88.4
93.0
100.0
105.5
109.1
89.6
100.0
100.0
109.8
106.8
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
101.0
100.1
106.2
104.0
104.5
100.7
100.2
105.7
103.0
105.0
104.1
98.9
109.4
112.1
100.2
106.2
106.6
113.6
123.6
114.0
106.6
106.5
114.1
124.8
113.4
103.1
107.9
110.2
114.6
118.9
107.3
106.7
120.6
128.5
119.1
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2......
113.3
119.7
116.3
119.6
114.8
120.5
117.2
120.2
103.5
113.7
110.3
114.4
97.7
103.9
105.9
106.9
96.4
103.2
105.1
106.3
107.0
109.4
111.7
111.7
110.7
124.4
123.2
127.8
2.0
3.1
1.9
3.3
2.4
1.4
2.0
-2 .5
2.1
-2 .7
1.6
-.8
4.0
. .5
Rates of
Change 3
1954-78....
1973-78....
4.6
2.2
4.0
1.7
6.5
4.1
-1 .0
-3 .1
-0 .5
-2 .7
-2 .8
-4 .9
3.5
-1 .0
Lighting fixtures SIC 3645, 3646, 3647, 3648
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
1958.........
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
64.2
76.2
80.7
89.9
94.4
102.2
69.8
79.7
85.6
91.1
93.7
101.4
50.9
66.6
68.0
86.6
96.6
104.6
105.6
92.9
89.6
96.3
95.9
95.9
97.1
88.8
84.5
95.1
96.6
96.6
133.3
106.3
106.3
100.0
93.7
93.7
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
104.2
97.0
100.0
107.2
108.1
101.0
94.4
100.0
105.6
108.6
116.1
106.5
100.0
112.6
106.3
95.5
95.9
100.0
100.0
101.5
98.5
98.5
100.0
101.5
101.0
85.7
87.3
100.0
95.2
103.2
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
104.0
112.7
134.2
126.7
125.9
103.3
113.7
133.7
120.4
118.7
106.3
109.9
135.7
152.8
156.5
115.2
106.7
101.1
126.4
114.5
116.0
105.8
101.5
133.0
121.4
112.7
1.09.5
100.0
104.8
92.1
119.8
120.3
135.7
160.1
144.1
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2......
132.9
140.3
154.9
165.7
130.6
134.4
144.3
157.0
141.2
164.3
204.9
203.0
94.4
104.1
111.2
108.9
96.1
108.7
119.4
115.0
88.9
88.9
84.1
88.9
125.5
146.1
172.3
180.5
3.9
3.3
6.0
0.8
1.4
87.4
97.3
93.7
92.3
75.7
79.7
83.7
87.7
76.6
81.1
84.3
87.4
72.4
74.6
81.3
88.4
63.3
72.6
76.2
81.6
97.4
100.5
100.0
102.9
108.1
95.4
99.1
100.0
104.0
109.9
105.1
105.8
100.0
99.0
102.1
96.7
99.8
100.0
104.5
111.7
98.7
101.2
100.0
103.4
109.9
89.6
94.8
100.0
108.6
118.3
94.2
100.3
100.0
107.5
120.8
105.4
113.0
122.4
126.0
121.2
109.3
116.1
124.9
126.6
125.1
93.3
102.5
114.2
123.4
108.7
106.6
103.3
111.0
116.3
102.8
102.8
100.5
108.8
115.7
99.6
120.5
113.8
119.0
118.7
114.6
112.4
116.7
135.9
146.5
124.6
1975.........
1976.........
1977 2......
99.5
93.0
100.0
107.2
109.7
82.6
89.5
90.4
93.4
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
67.8
70.8
72.3
86.6
90.5
98.0
83.6
91.1
91.0
93.0
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
Household appliances N.E.C. SIC 3639
119.1
128.3
128.9
125.7
131.4
134.1
99.4
117.9
112.9
86.6
91.9
101.3
82.0
89.7
97.4
103.7
100.0
115.7
103.1
117.9
130.6
2.7
1.0
3.0
1.7
1.3
-1 .0
1.3
-3 .8
1.0
-4 .4
2.7
-1 .9
4.0
-2 .8
Rates of
Change3
1961-77....
1973-77....
Rates of
Change3
1958-78....
5.7
Electric lamps SIC 3641
Household laundry equipment SIC 3633
1958-78....
1973-78....
Employee hours
Pro
Pro
All
All
duction Nonpro
duction Nonpro Output
em
duction
em
duction
work
work
ployees
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ers
ers
Radio and television receiving sets SIC 3651
- 1 .2
4.7
1958.........
See footnotes at end of table
225
6 2 .9 1
66.2 |
50.5 I
5771
54.8 I
71.9 I
36.3
Table 105. Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected
industries, selected years, 1939-78— Continued
[1967 = 100]
Output per employee hour
Year
Employee hours
Output per employee hour
Pro
Pro
All
All
Nonpro
Nonpro
duction
duction
em
duction
em
duction
work
work
ployees
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ers
ers
Output
Year
Radio and television receiving sets SIC 3651— Continued
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
68.8
70.5
78.5
87.4
87.2
72.3
75.1
81.1
87.9
87.3
55.8
54.1
67.9
85.2
86.5
62.1
65.1
71.7
70.4
76.3
59.1
61.1
69.4
70.0
76.2
76.5
84.8
82.9
72.2
76.9
95.5
98.4
100.0
106.7
102.8
94.3
95.9
100.0
108.2
105.8
102.3
112.5
100.0
100.2
90.3
89.4
113.7
100.0
96.9
91.5
90.6
116.7
100.0
95.6
88.9
83.5
99.5
100.0
103.2
104.2
85.4
111.9
100.0
103.4
94.1
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
106.2
111.6
132.2
128.7
124.4
115.6
118.8
136.0
131.4
132.3
75.9
86.0
116.1
117.3
95.9
77.6
77.7
74.3
78.3
72.0
71.3
73.0
72.2
76.7
67.7
108.5
100.8
84.6
85.9
93.4
82.4
86.7
98.2
100.8
89.6
1975.........
1976.........
1977 2......
125.7
137.3
136.3
137.7
151.6
148.1
88.2
93.9
98.1
57.5
60.4
61.7
52.5
54.7
56.8
82.0
88.3
85.7
Railroad transportation— revenue traffic SIC 401— Continued
42.7
45.9
56.3
61.5
66.5
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
72.3
82.9
84.1
1963.........
1964.........
4.5
3.8
3.1
-3 .7
(5)
-6 .3
-0 .2
-7 .8
-
78.5
83.3
115.4
114.2
115.9
114.6
111.7
110.9
87.7
92.4
90.1
97.2
100.0
105.3
109.3
90.2
97.2
100.0
105.5
109.5
89.4
96.9
100.0
103.8
107.3
108.1
105.8
100.0
98.0
95.9
108.0
105.8
100.0
97.8
95.7
109.0
106.1
100.0
99.4
97.7
97.4
102.8
100.0
103.2
104.8
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
107.6
111.9
121.7
133.2
129.6
108.0
112.9
123.2
134.4
130.8
104.1
104.6
112.2
123.9
121.2
93.9
88.3
85.6
85.6
86.4
93.5
87.5
84.6
84.8
85.6
97.0
94.5
92.9
92.0
92.4
101.0
98.8
104.2
114.0
112.0
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2.......
123.9
131.9
138.4
155.3
126.3
133.9
140.4
158.1
107.8
117.8
125.3
136.7
78.3
79.3
79.9
73.6
76.8
78.1
78.8
72.3
90.0
88.8
88.3
83.6
97.0
104.6
110.6
114.3
4.8
3.0
5.0
3.1
2.7
2.0
-4 .1
-2 .8
-4 .3
—2.9
-2 .2
-1 .8
0.5
.1
1954.........
1955.........
1.1
.6
75.7
80.6
1947-78....
1973-78....
4.2
2.1
76.0
80.9
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
72.8
76.7
_
_
—
—
R ate s o f
Chang e 3
R ate s o f
Change 3
1958-77....
1973-77....
Employee hours
Pro
Pro
All
All
Output
duction Nonpro
duction Nonpro
em
duction
em
duction
work
work
ployees
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ers
ers
4.2
-4 .3
Intercity trucking 6 SIC 4213 pt.
Motor vehicles and equipment SIC 371
61.3
67.0
_
_
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1957.........
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
68.9
79.6
80.6
88.4
91.9
92.8
67.6
78.5
81.9
87.2
90.4
91.9
73.3
83.1
76.7
92.6
96.7
96.1
94.4
89.1
76.3
87.9
94.5
96.4
96.2
90.3
75.1
89.1
96.0
97.4
88.7
85.3
80.2
83.9
89.8
93.1
65.0
70.9
61.5
77.7
86.8
89.5
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
85.0
85.9
88.6
92.9
95.3
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
79.3
78.0
81.9
84.0
87.0
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
99.0
99.5
100.0
108.3
106.2
96.0
97.9
100.0
106.0
105.0
110.1
105.9
100.0
116.1
110.4
110.4
110.2
100.0
112.3
114.1
113.8
112.1
100.0
114.7
115.4
99.3
103.6
100.0
104.7
109.8
109.3
109.7
100.0
121.6
121.2
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
98.6
104.0
100.0
106.4
109.0
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
94.4
99.4
100.0
103.7
107.9
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
101.8
118.2
122.1
123.9
118.8
103.0
117.0
120.3
122.1
120.6
97.7
122.3
128.1
129.8
113.1
96.6
104.4
112.0
126.6
110.8
95.4
105.5
113.6
128.4
109.1
100.6
100.9
106.7
120.8
116.4
98.3
123.4
136.7
156.8
131.6
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
106.8
113.6
120.9
123.4
119.3
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
105.9
108.3
114.7
121.8
122.4
—
—
—
—
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2......
127.1
136.0
144.7
142.3
128.1
134.4
142.4
139.8
123.8
141.9
152.8
150.7
95.7
113.0
123.6
129.1
94.9
114.4
125.6
131.4
98.2
108.3
117.0
121.9
121.6
153.7
178.8
183.7
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2......
114.1
128.2
127.9
127.6
_
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
115.9
117.6
126.7
135.8
2.5
1.4
_
—
_
—
3.1
1.9
R ate s o f
Change 3
1957-78....
1973-78....
_
_
—
_
—
—
—
—
44.6
51.4
67.4
67.0
72.6
78.0
82.9
93.1
103.4
100.0
110.3
117.6
113.1
123.0
138.7
150.3
146.0
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
132.2
150.8
162.0
173.3
_
—
5.6
3.4
—
R ate s o f
Change3
3.5
3.9
3.5
3.5
3.6
5.2
1.9
1.7
1.9
2.1
1.8
.5
5.4
5.7
1954-78....
1973-78....
_
—
Railroad transportation— revenue traffic SIC 401
Air transportation * IC 4511
'S
1947.........
1950.........
1955.........
41.5
43.4
51.9
39.5
41.7
50.3
67.6
64.6
67.2
270.2
213.9
180.7
283.8
223.0
186.1
165.8
143.9
139.5
112.1
92.9
93.7
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
62.4
67.4
72.3
61.9
67.2
72.0
66.7
69.2
74.8
131.2
120.1
118.1
132.3
120.5
118.6
122.7
117.1
114.2
81.9
81.0
85.4
1947.........
1950.........
1955.........
1960.........
1961.........
See footnotes at end of table
226
18.4
27.4
44.2
_
—
_
—
—
52.7
55.7
_
_
—
—
—
35.4
32.9
46.8
64.0
64.1
_
_
—
—
—
—
_
_
—
—
6.5
9.0
20.7
33.7
35.7
Table 105. Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected
industries, selected years, 1939-78— Continued
[1967=100]
Output per employee hour
Year
Employee hours
Output per employee hour
Pro
Pro
All
All
Nonpro
duction Nonpro
em duction duction
em
duction
work
work
ployees
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ers
ers
Output
Year
Pro
Pro
All
All
Nonpro Output
duction Nonpro
em duction duction
em
duction
work
work
ployees
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ers
ers
Air transportation 6 SIC 4511— Continued
Telephone communications SIC 481 — Continued
1962........
1963........
1964........
61.9
68.4
74.9
_
—
—
_
—
—
65.1
66.8
71.0
_
—
—
_
—
—
40.3
45.7
53.2
1965.........
1966.........
1967........
1968.........
1969.........
83.5
93.7
100.0
104.4
107.3
_
—
—
—
__
—
—
—
—
77.0
84.2
100.0
110.5
117.9
_
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
64.3
78.9
100.0
115.4
126.5
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
134.6
146.7
153.6
167.9
_
—
—
—
—
117.2
112.7
112.4
116.8
115.6
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
113.6
114.9
117.9
122.9
_
—
—
—
_
-- —
—
1963.........
1964.........
_
86.5
89.6
_
_
—
—
—
89.1
93.0
100.0
106.2
108.4
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
93.7
99.1
100.0
101.8
110.6
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
109.2
117.5
123.1
128.8
137.3
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
117.1
114.4
119.2
123.2
125.7
_
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—,
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2......
149.6
165.8
175.9
187.5
_
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
118.9
117.3
120.5
126.0
_
_
—
—
—
—
6.2
8.1
_
—
_
_
_
—
—
_
—
7.0
5.1
_
—
5.0
.9
_
_
—
—
1951-78....
1973-78....
12.3
6.1
_
—
83.5
92.2
100.0
108.1
119.9
127.9
134.4
146.7
158.7
172.6
177.9
194.5
212.0
236.2
1947.........
1950.........
1955..,.......
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
_
—
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
_
—
—
25.2
32.1
49.0
1939.........
1947.........
1950.........
1955.........
15.8
26.2
31.3
47.2
(4)
23.8
28.9
44.9
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
50.2
53.7
56.0
61.6
66.9
48.9
53.2
54.5
59.8
66.0
_
—
—
—
—
119.7
114.7
112.7
108.3
105.9
123.0
115.8
115.7
111.6
107.3
_
—
—
—
—
60.1
61.6
63.1
66.7
70.8
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
65.5
69.4
74.9
79.5
85.5
63.8
67.9
73.5
78.6
84.8
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
79.4
89.5
100.0
105.8
114.3
79.2
89.3
100.0
106.8
117.7
_
—
—
—
—
103.3
99.6
100.0
98.5
95.0
103.5
99.8
100.0
97.6
92.3
82.0
89.1
100.0
104.2
108.6
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
89.2
95.7
100.0
107.1
113.8
88.5
95.3
100.0
107.0
114.5
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
122.6
126.9
142.9
150.4
146.6
128.7
135.8
151.8
160.9
156.7
93.7
92.1
88.4
89.4
91.6
89.3
86.1
83.2
83.6
85.7
114.9
116.9
126.3
134.5
134.3
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.......
117.4
123.6
128.1
129.9
127.5
1975.........
1976.........
1977 2.......
147.4
146.6
154.0
161.9
164.1
174.8
—
—
135.0
138.8
153.1
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2.......
7.8
.5
8.7
2.1
_
—
5.9
3.0
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
91.6
94.7
99.4
83.4
84.6
87.6
-1 .8
2.5
-2 .6
.8
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
R ate s o f
Change3
_
—
37.0
43.9
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
65.8
71.6
76.4
_
_
—
—
_
_
—
—
—
—
79.4
88.3
88.2
86.2
86.5
1947-78....
1973-78....
_
_
—
—
_
_
—
—
—
—
_
_
68.2
79.3
88.5
93.9
(4)
87.4
95.8
98.7
96.3
95.5
95.2
95.3
95.7
98.9
97.7
97.0
96.4
96.5
—
—
97.3
98.3
100.0
101.6
104.1
98.1
98.7
100.0
101.7
103.5
118.0
124.9
129.9
132.4
132.4
_
—
—
—
—
107.0
107.0
110.0
113.2
114.4
106.4
105.9
108.5
111.0
110.2
131.9
135.8
137.8
135.6
136.2
141.3
144.6
143.8
—
—
—
111.3
111.6
113.7
119.8
107.8
107.3
108.4
113.0
—
—
—
5.9
1.4
6.4
2.1
—
0.5
.1
—
29.4
38.8
8.1
8.0
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
_
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
10.8
20.8
27.7
44.3
63.1
66.3
71.3
75.8
81.8
86.8
94.1
100.0
108.8
118.5
125.6
132.3
140.9
147.0
145.9
146.8
151.6
156.7
162.5
_
1.0 c
.8
_
7.0
2.2
Retail food stores 8 SIC 54
1958.........
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
58.0
61.7
66.1
See footnotes at end of table
1.7
.1
R ate s o f
Change3
Telephone communications SIC 481
1951.........
1955.........
-
G as and electric utilities 7 SIC 491, 492, 493
Petroleum pipelines SIC 4612, 4613
1958-77....
1973-77....
—
70.9
76.5
R ate s o f
Change3
R ate s o f
Change3
1947-78....
1973-78....
_
—
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974... ......
152.9
168.6
181.1
206.3
82.0
85.4
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
128.5
131.6
144.7
153.4
153.8
_
—
—
—
109.6
116.8
128.7
131.3
133.0
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2......
—
Employee hours
227
75.4
80.9
84.0
85.3
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
104.0
103.9
102.5
103.2
_
_
—
—
—
_
—
—
78.4
84.1
86.1
88.0
Table 105. Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected
industries, selected years, 1939-78— Continued
[1967 = 100]
Output per employee hour
Year
Output per employee hour
Employee hours
Pro
Pro
Output
All
All
Nonpro
duction Nonpro
duction
duction
duction
em
em
work
work
workers 1
workers 1 ployees
ployees
ers
ers
Year
1963.........
1964.........
89.4
91.4
—
—
99.2
101.8
—
—
88.7
93.0
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
93.8
96.3
100.0
105.2
106.1
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
102.8
101.8
100.0
99.5
100.8
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
96.4
98.0
100.0
104.7
106.9
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
112.0
112.7
112.5
107.3
104.3
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
101.1
102.0
103.7
105.3
107.7
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
113.2
115.0
116.7
113.0
112.3
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2......
105.0
107.7
107.8
103.5
_
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
108.0
110.7
112.1
115.7
_
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
113.4
119.2
120.8
119.8
—
—
—
—
—
—
98.5
100.0
106.8
113.1
—
_
—
—
—
—
100.4
101.3
103.3
98.2
87.0
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
123.2
127.0
132.3
134.1
122.2
138.4
153.2
164.0
170.6
_
—
—
_
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
91.3
86.6
83.3
79.9
—
126.4
132.7
136.6
136.3
4.1
4.9
_
—
—
—
-0 .4
-3 .4
_
—
_
—
3.6
1.3
1958.........
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
91.3
90.0
90.8
91.8
93.8
92.8
_
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
86.3
90.7
89.8
91.5
91.7
96.5
_
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
78.8
81.6
81.5
84.0
86.0
89.6
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
95.6
97.4
100.0
102.0
100.4
_
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
99.5
101.4
100.0
103.6
106.2
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
103.8
100.9
105.0
106.7
101.7
_
—
—
—
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
106.8
110.7
112.9
117.2
121.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2......
102.9
102.2
101.1
96.8
_
—
_
_
_
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
124.7
131.4
136.7
144.2
0.7
-1 .5
_
—
'—
—
2.4
4.2
122.7
125.4
128.1
136.6
140.5
_
—
—
—
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1978 2.......
—
—
—
R ate s o f
Change3
1958-78....
1973-78....
Eating and drinking places 8 SIC 58
1.8
-.2
_
—
—
0.4
1.8
_
—
_
—
2.2
1.6
1958.........
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.......
1964.........
77.0
88.3
84.2
90.3
92.0
91.2
_
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
90.8
95.0
89.0
90.5
94.6
98.6
_
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
69.9
83.9
74.9
81.7
87.0
89.9
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
97.8
98.7
100.0
105.6
106.0
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
102.6
102.8
100.0
102.1
104.6
_
—
_
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
100.3
101.5
100.0
107.8
110.9
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
106.4
113.3
117.2
119.2
116.2
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
101.9
102.8
107.9
112.4
105.6
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
108.4
116.5
126.5
134.0
122.7
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1 9 7 8 2......
120.5
126.9
131.2
128.6
_
—
—
_
—
—
_
—
'_
—
—
101.9
106.9
109.9
113.8
_
—
—
—
122.8
135.7
144.2
146.4
—
—
—
—
—
95.1
98.8
100.0
105.7
106.6
110.9
111.7
118.5
125.1
123.3
—
—
—
—
128.3
134.3
138.2
139.6
—
—
—
—
3.1
2.7
R ate s o f
Change3
1958-78....
1973-78....
R ate s o f
Change3
Hotels, motels, and tourist c o u rts8 SIC 7011
2.5
2.3
_
_
—
—
1.0
.7
_
_
—
—
3.5
3.0
1958.........
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
77.5
82.2
84.7
85.0
89.1
90.6
93.7
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
92.0
93.6
94.8
94.0
95.8
97.9
99.7
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
71.3
76.9
80.3
79.9
85.4
88.7
93.4
See footnotes at end of table.
228
76.8
79.6
77.0
82.4
86.0
86.5
1965.........
1966........ J
1967.........
1968........ J
1969.........
Gasoline service sta tio n s8 SIC 5541
1965.........
100.3
100.0
101.2
102.9
98.2
100.0
105.5
109.9
1970.........
1971.........
1972.........
1973.........
1974.........
Franchised new car dealers SIC 5511
1958.........
1960.........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
—
—
—
1966.........
1967.........
1968.........
1969.........
R ate s o f
Change3
1958-78....
1973-78....
Pro
Pro
All
Nonpro Output
All
duction
duction Nonpro
duction
duction
em
em
work
work
workers 1
workers 1 ployees
ployees
ers
ers
Gasoline service stations 8 SIC 5541 — Continued
Retail food stores 8 SIC 54— Continued
1958-78....
1973-78....
Employee hours
93.0
93.2
100.0
96.7
97.7
_
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
89.6
93.5
93.4
93.7
93.9
96.3
98.1
99.8
100.0
102.2
104.0
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
68.8
74.4
71.9
77.2
80.8
83.3
91.2
93.0
100.0
98.8
101.6
Table 105. Indexes of output per employee hour, employee hours, and output, for selected
industries, selected years, 1939-78— Continued
[1967=100]
Output per employee hour
Year
Employee hours
Output per employee hour
Pro
Pro
All
All
duction Nonpro
duction Nonpro
duction
em
duction
em
work
work
ployees
workers 1 ployees
workers 1
ers
ers
Year
Output
Laundry and cleaning services 8 SIC 721 — Continued
Hotels, motels, and tourist c o u rts 9 SIC 7011— Continued
1970........
1971........
1972........
1973........
1974........
102.5
91.8
108.7
108.7
103.2
1975.........
1976........ 1
1977........ 1
1978 2......
_
_„
_
_
_
103.3
104.0
107.5
112.7
115.0
101.9
106.9
106.1
110.6
_
_
_
_
_
_
1.9
.6
—
—
—
—
_
_
_
.
105.9
95.5
116.8
122.5
118.7
1965.........
1966.........
1967.........
1968........
1969.........
87.3
92 8
100.0
102 9
101 3
107.2
106.3
100.0
95.4
93.2
93.6
98.6
100.0
98.2
94.4
_
117.0
126.3
127.5
135.1
1970.........
1971
1972
1973
1974.........
99 5
101 5
104 0
104 0
103.9
88.0
79.1
76.6
72.8
66.7
87.6
80.3
79.7
75.7
69.3
—
—
3.4
2.3
1975.........
1976.........
1977.........
1 9 7 8 2......
103.0
104.5
108.0
109.0
_
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
86.1
85.1
88.6
88.9
92.4
97.0
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
114.8
118.1
120.2
122.1
_
_
_
_
_
1.5
1.6
—
—
Rates of
Change3
1958-78....
1973-78....
Employee hours
Pro
Pro
All
Output
All
duction Nonpro
duction Nonpro
em
duction
em
duction
work
work
workers 1 ployees
ployees
workers 1
ers
ers
_
_
—
—
63.5
60.5
59.1
58.7
65.4
63.2
63.8
64.0
_
Laundry and cleaning services 8 SIC 721
1958.........
I9 6 0 .........
1961.........
1962.........
1963.........
1964.........
83.9
82.7
86.9
86.9
86.6
92.7
_
_
_
—
—
_
_
_
—
—
102.6
102.9
101.9
102.3
106.7
104.6
1 Indexes and rates of change for nonproduction workers are subject to a
wider margin of error than are other rates shown.
2 Preliminary.
3 Average annual percent ch ange based on the linear-least-squares
trend of the logarithms of the index numbers.
4 Not available.
5 Less than 0.05 percent.
6 Employee hour data not available. Output per employee hour repre
sents output per employee; employee hours represent number of employ
ees.
7 Production workers represent nonsupervisory workers.
Rates of
Change 3
1958-78....
1973-78....
1.4
1.1
—
“I
-3 .2
-4 .2
—
_
—
—
-1 .9
-3 .2
8 Employees include the self-employed and unpaid family workers.
9 Employees include the self-employed.
No te : Historical data extending back to 1954 are available in B LS
Bulletin 2054, P ro d u c tiv ity in d e x e s fo r S e le c te d In d u strie s, 1979 Edition.
' This bulletin also includes notes which describe the sources from which the
data were compiled. Complete historical data (beginning in 1939 for some
industries), along with more detailed descriptions of methods and proce
dures used in calculating the output per hour series, are available upon
request from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Productivity and
Technology, Division of Industry Productivity Studies.
229
Table 106. Functional and summary indexes of output per employee year for the measured portion
of the Federal civilian government, fiscal years, 1968-78
[1967 = 100]
Fiscal years
Functional grouping
Average
annual
rates1
fiscal
year
1967-78
1968
Total..........................................................
Audit of operations..................................................
Buildings and ground maintenance.........................
Communications2 ....................................................
Education and training3...........................................
Electric power production and distribution..............
Equipment maintenance3........................................
Finance and accounting..........................................
General support se rv ic e s........................................
Information services................................................
Legal and judicial activities......................................
Library services........................................................
Loans and grants.....................................................
Medical services......................................................
Military base services..............................................
Natural resources and environmental manage
ment .....................................................................
Personnel investigations..........................................
Personnel management...........................................
Postal service..........................................................
Printing and duplication...........................................
Procurement............................................................
Records management.............................................
Regulation— compliance and enforcem ent.............
Regulation— rulemaking and licensing....................
Social services and benefits...................................
Specialized manufacturing.......................................
Supply and inventory co ntro l..................................
Traffic management4..............................................
Transportation..........................................................
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
101.1
103.5
104.0
105.6
106.3
109.3
108.7
110.3
112.2
115.5
117.4
1.4
105.7
98.5
114.9
99.2
115.2
97.3
100.8
96.2
106.3
99.6
120.8
102.0
106.7
91.3
127.0
10&.5
109.0
154.8
102.8
126.5
115.6
117.9
88.5
124.5
106.0
118.3
139.4
108.1
123.8
118.6
125.9
96.7
119.8
106.5
126.1
143.9
105.5
127.6
126.0
142.9
109.3
115.1
104.8
127.7
152.8
104.5
141.5
127.4
162.0
111.6
103.6
109.1
130.1
155.2
105.3
2.5
2.5
10.1
0.9
0.3
0.4
2.4
3.9
0.3
100.0
109.1
100.0
102.6
109.8
102.7
100.1
118.7
104.2
103.6
110.8
106.0
91.1
127.9
102.5
106.9
123.2
104.2
91.8
123.7
110.1
108.4
127.7
104.7
94.9
131.3
108.9
106.6
144.2
107.2
113.8
97.0
100.0
92.7
129.6
103.1
105.3
150.7
99.8
99.1
105.1
105.6
101.9
104.3
101.5
113.5
110.0
102.2
104.6
106.5
114.1
122.1
101.4
101.5
114.1
115.9
135.3
100.7
93.5
116.1
116.6
133.8
95.4
94.5
113.0
122.8
135.6
98.5
89.4
104.3
131.7
138.0
98.3
90.5
105.5
147.8
143.6
100.1
95.6
103.4
164.1
151.1
101.7
99.8
99.1
177.0
157.7
101.6
99.9
95.3
167.8
157.0
98.9
100.6
-0 .3
5.3
4.2
-0 .1
-0 .4
101.2
108.7
106.9
98.3
99.0
100.5
101.6
101.3
98.9
95.6
101.4
100.1
104.2
99.4
95.1
107.7
113.0
118.8
101.6
87.8
110.1
113.8
118.0
102.7
86.3
112.1
117.9
116.1
108.7
88.4
110.8
121.6
124.1
105.9
85.3
109.2
128.7
118.4
105.7
84.4
110.7
122.6
115.7
106.1
86.0
110.8
146.9
124.3
110.7
85.7
117.3
151.7
120.0
115.6
86.4
1.3
3.6
1.8
1.3
-1 .5
96.7
98.0
102.9
104.2
100.4
108.6
103.2
95.2
107.3
106.1
109.0
103.7
111.2
118.3
86.1
105.2
109.1
114.6
108.1
118.1
110.9
95.1
101.8
111.0
120.2
114.4
130.4
112.1
95.5
113.1
114.8
121.1
116.4
123.1
112.6
100.0
118.0
98.7
111.8
117.7
125.2
121.5
120.9
113.3
99.6
123.9
105.0
109.1
118.9
122.5
119.4
120.2
113.4
92.3
125.5
107.9
118.2
117.8
122.4
122.7
119.2
123.1
99.0
127.7
111.8
127.9
121.4
123.6
127.9
124.7
125.6
96.5
130.1
112,5
136.0
123.9
130.9
133.0
127.5
130.6
102.8
137.5
118.0
141.5
123.4
143.6
132.1
135.8
126.1
108.8
142.2
2.0
3.1
2.0
2.6
2.8
1.9
2.0
1.3
2.6
—
—
110.4
—
—
115.2
—
—
—
117.7
—
113.3
1Average annual percent change based on linear-least-squares trend of
the logarithms of the index numbers.
2 Fiscal years 1973-78.
3 Fiscal years 1968-78.
4 Fiscal years 1972-78.
No te : The following definitions briefly describe the nature of the organi
zations classified within each function:
Audit of Operations: Organizations responsible for reviewing, evaluating,
and analyzing Federal programs and operations.
Building and Ground Maintenance: Organizations responsible for the
maintenance, repair, and security of Federal buildings, installations, or
grounds.
Communications: Organizations responsible for processing messages
and performing telecommunications services.
Education and Training: Organizations responsible for providing general
or specialized education or training.
Electric Power Production and Distribution: Organizations responsible
for generating, transmitting, or selling electricity.
Equipment Maintenance: Organizations responsible for the maintenance
and repair of motor vehicles and equipment and the calibration of instru
ments.
Finance and Accounting: Organizations responsible for maintaining ac
counting records, processing payroll vouchers and invoices, and. related ac
tivities.
General Support Services: Organizations performing overall administra
tive and supportive activities including automatic data processing, internal
mail delivery, graphics, and planning.
Information Services: Organizations responsible for preparing or distrib
uting statistical, scientific, technical or other information.
Legal and Judicial Activities: Organizations responsible for instituting
proceedings in a court or administrative tribunal or rendering decisions in a
judicial capacity.
Library Services: Organizations responsible for providing research and
reference services for Fecjeral agencies, Congress, or the public.
Loans and Grants: Organizations responsible for issuing research
grants, making awards, offering various types of loans, and borrowing funds
from the public.
—
Medical Services: Organizations responsible for operating health care
facilities and providing medical, hospital, dental, or nursing services for dis
ease prevention or treatment.
Military Base Services: Military organizations responsible for providing
commissary, laundry, dry cleaning, or food services.
Natural R eso urces and Environmental Management: Organizations re
sponsible for developing or overseeing programs which affect natural re
sources or the environment.
Personnel Investigations: Organizations responsible for conducting per
sonnel security checks or criminal investigations of Federal employees.
Personnel Management: Organizations responsible for providing person
nel services including recruitment, position classification, and employee de
velopment.
Postal Service: Organization responsible for delivering mail and providing
related services including mail insurance and special delivery.
Printing and Duplication: Organizations responsible for printing or repro
ducing reports, manuals, circulars, or other documents.
Procurement: Organizations responsible for purchasing supplies, equip
ment, or services.
Records Management: Organizations responsible for maintaining, classi
fying, storing, or searching records.
Regulation— Com pliance and Enforcement: Organizations engaged in
activities to ensure compliance with established rules and regulations.
Regulation— Rulemaking and Licensing: Organizations responsible for
issuing licenses, permits, or other authorizations in government controlled
activity.
Social Services and Benefits: Organizations responsible for the pay
ment of benefits or claims, or for improving the welfare of the public or a
special group.
Specialized Manufacturing: Organizations involved in the production of
physical outputs such as helium, munitions, chemicals, and currency.
Supply and Inventory Control: Organizations responsible for distributing
supplies and equipment and for the management of inventories.
Traffic Management: Organizations responsible for arranging for the
movement of people or cargo.
Transportation: Organizations responsible for moving or assisting in the
movement of people or cargo.
230
Technical Notes
Compensation Studies
nually in building construction and local transit, and
biennially in local trucking, printing, and grocery
stores. The number of cities surveyed has varied from
39 to the present coverage of 66 cities with 100,000
inhabitants or more. All cities of 500,000 inhabitants
or more, and most cities in the 250,000 to 500,000
group, are now included.
The data relate to the basic (minimum) wage rates
agreed upon through collective bargaining, exclusive
of holiday, vacation, or other benefit payments, and
to the maximum number of hours per week at
straight-time rates. Rates in excess of the negotiated
minimum, which may be paid for special qualifica
tions or other reasons, are excluded from the studies.
Average hourly union wage rates are calculated by
weighting each quotation for the year by the number
of union members reported at that time as working or
available for work. Unlike the index series, the aver
ages do not measure the trend of union wage rates but
are designed to provide comparisons among trades
and cities at a given time.
White-collar salaries are studied annually in a nation
al survey of the level and distribution of straight-time
earnings, as defined below, in selected professional,
administrative, technical, and clerical occupations in
private employment. The industry divisions covered
are mining; construction; manufacturing; transporta
tion, communication, electric, gas, and sanitary serv
ices; wholesale trade; retail trade; finance, insurance,
and real estate; and selected services. Information is
provided for a wide range of work levels in account
ing, legal services, purchasing, personnel management,
engineering and chemistry, drafting, and clerical oc
cupations.
Municipal government wage surveys are conducted
annually among the Nation’s 27 largest cities. To fa
cilitate comparisons, the surveys were designed to be
as similar as possible to the Bureau’s area wage sur
veys and other related studies, and to incorporate in
formation on key occupations peculiar to city govern
ments. (Schools and hospitals are excluded.) The pro
gram was initiated in 1970 for eight cities. Since then,
the program has been expanded to cover 26 cities
Occupational Pay and Benefits
(Covers tables 107-123)
Collection and concepts
Area wage surveys are conducted annually in 70 se
lected metropolitan areas. The program design pro
vides for developing locality information as well as
information relating to all metropolitan areas in the
United States and in four broad regions—Northeast,
South, North Central, and West. Information devel
oped includes estimates of straight-time earnings, as
defined below, in occupations common to a variety of
manufacturing and nonmanufacturing industries and
data on establishment practices and supplementary
wage provisions.
Data are obtained from representative establish
ments within six broad industry divisions: (1) Manu
facturing; (2) transportation, communication, and
other public utilities; (3) wholesale trade; (4) retail
trade; (5) finance, insurance, and real estate; and (6)
selected services. Excluded from the scope of the
studies are the construction and extractive industries
and government institutions. Data for the public utili
ties industry division, therefore, do not include infor
mation from municipally operated utilities.
The scope of the studies generally is limited, within
each of the six major industry groupings, to establish
ments which employ 50 workers or more. Smaller es
tablishments are omitted because occupational em
ployment, as specified in the occupational descriptions
used in the studies, tends to be insufficient to warrant
inclusion.
In calendar year 1978, approximately 13,000 estab
lishments employing about 9 million workers were in
cluded in the Bureau’s samples in the 70 areas sur
veyed. Data from these samples were projected to
represent all workers within the scope of the
survey—about 25 million workers employed in ap
proximately 100,000 establishments in all 262 Standard
Metropolitan Statistical Areas in the United States, as
established by the Office of Management and Budget
through February 1974.
Union wage rates and benefits for selected journey
man, helper, and laborer classifications are studied an
231
with populations of 500,000 or more, according to the
1970 census, plus Atlanta.
Average straight-time earnings are reported for 46
occupations from 7 occupational groups: Professional,
administrative, and technical; public safety; clerical;
data processing; skilled trades and maintenance; sani
tation and trucking; and guard, laborer, and helper.
Wage data relate to standard workweeks and include
longevity pay. Job descriptions used to classify work
ers are included in each report. Information is also
provided on type of city government; labor relations;
pay plans and salary structures; frequency of wage
payments; uniform allowances; residency requirements
for employment; work schedules; premium pay prac
tices for overtime and pay differentials; paid holidays,
vacation, and other paid leave provisions; and health,
insurance, and pension plans. To assist in making
comparisons with private industry or other govern
ments, the principal features of employee benefit plans
are described in standard formats.
Industry wage surveys are undertaken in about 40
manufacturing and 25 nonmanufacturing industries on
a recurring 3- to 5-year cycle; the majority of indus
tries are surveyed at 5-year intervals. The studies pro
vide information on straight-time earnings, as defined
below, for selected production occupations peculiar to
the particular industry. Data for some surveys are
limited to areas of industry concentration; others in
clude nationwide and regional data.
The studies include information on such establish
ment practices and related pay provisions as weekly
work schedules; shift operations and differentials; the
prevalence of paid holidays and vacations; health, in
surance, and pension benefits; and other provisions
important in the industry. To provide some insight
into wage relationships, estimates are made of such
employment characteristics as community and estab
lishment size; labor-management agreement coverage,
where the majority of workers in an establishment are
covered by an agreement; the proportion of workers
employed under incentive pay plans, if significant
numbers are employed under such plans; and the
extent to which single rates or ranges of rates are pro
vided for individual job categories.
Distributions of employee earnings and hours are pre
pared periodically to provide information on the in
ternal structure of wages and hours of all nonsupervisory employees in selected broad industry groups or
specific industries, and in selected areas, usually on a
cross-industry basis. The data relate to straight-time
hourly earnings, as defined below, and weekly hours
of work, including those leave hours (holidays, vaca
tions, or sick leave) for which pay is received.
try wage surveys, earnings distribution surveys) relate
to the regular day-shift wages or salaries paid per
hour worked or standard workweek, exclusive of pre
mium pay for overtime and for work on weekends,
holidays, and late shifts. Incentive pay, production bo
nuses, and cost-of-living payments are included in
earnings, but nonproduction bonuses (e.g., Christmas
bonuses) are not. Straight-time earnings thus are re
flected in the index measures and interarea pay com
parisons.
Supplementary wage provisions (area wage surveys,
white-collar salary survey, industry wage surveys) are
estimated by applying the particular provision to all
plant and office workers of an establishment when the
provision is applicable to a majority of those workers.
The data, therefore, do not provide estimates of the
percentage of workers affected by a particular provi
sion, but rather the percentage that could be affected
if specified qualifications, such as length of service,
were met. Paid vacations data are limited to basic
plans and exclude such plans as vacation savings or
those which offer “extended” or “sabbatical” benefits.
Holidays and partial holidays are combined (8 half
holidays equal 4 days, etc.). Health, insurance, and
pension plans data relate only to those plans not legal
ly required and for which at least a part of the cost is
borne by the employer.
Regions (area wage surveys, industry wage sur
veys), unless otherwise indicated, are defined as fol
lows: Northeast—Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts,
New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylva
nia, Rhode Island, and Vermont; South—Alabama,
Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida,
Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi,
North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Tennes
see, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia; North Cen
tral—Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Min
nesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio,
South Dakota, and Wisconsin; West—Arizona, Cali
fornia, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New
Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming.
Salary Trends
(Covers tables 124-127)
Salary studies are conducted annually for Federal
employees under the General Schedule, firefighters,
police, refuse collectors, and urban public classroom
teachers.
Dating back to 1939, three measures of change are
shown for Federal General Schedule employees’ sala
ries: (1) Basic salary scales reflect only statutory
changes in salaries; (2) average salary rates show stat
utory changes and the effect of changes in the pro
portion of workers at each step within the salary
ranges for individual grades; and (3) average salaries
measure the effect of change hot only in these two
Definitions
Straight-time earnings (area wage surveys, union
wage rate surveys, white-collar salary survey, indus
232
items but also in the proportion of workers in the var
ious grades.
Indexes of maximum salary scales for firefighters
and police in cities of 100,000 inhabitants or more are
measured both separately and combined, back to
1924. Indexes of long-term salary movements for
refuse collectors are not yet available, but percent
changes in salary scales since 1972 are available. Data
for these studies are tabulated by the Bureau from in
formation compiled by the International City Manage
ment Association, supplemented by annual surveys
conducted by the Fraternal Order of Police and the
International Association of Fire Fighters, and by
direct inquiries by BLS.
For public classroom teachers, average salaries are
shown by city and county size for cities of 100,000
population or more, and for counties of this size that
were in Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas and
that had countywide school systems. Indexes dating
to 1925 are available. Data currently are obtained pri
marily from the Educational Research Service, Inc.,
annual report entitled National Survey o f Salaries in
Public Schools.
For non-Federal employees, indexes for the current
period are calculated by using a “chaining” method,
whereby the index for the preceding period is adjust
ed by the percent change over the intervening inter
val.
For more detailed information on these studies, in
cluding regional data for teachers, firefighters, police,
and refuse collectors, see Government Employees'
Salary Trends, reprinted from Current Wage Develop
ments, February and March 1979.
General Wage and Benefit Changes
(Covers tables 128-131)
Statistics on general wage-rate changes in major
collective bargaining units (those covering 1,000
workers or more) date back to 1954. The series is
confined to production and related workers in manu
facturing and to nonsupervisory employees in non
manufacturing. Government employees and farm
workers are excluded. Data for recent years show, in
both cents-per-hour and percent terms: (1) First-year
wage changes in contracts negotiated during the
period under study; (2) annual rates of change in
wages agreed upon for the duration of these con
tracts; and (3) changes effective during the period, re
gardless of when they were negotiated.
233
Estimates of “package” increases (wages and bene
fits combined) agreed upon in key collective bargain
ing settlements were started on a systematic basis in
1965. Coverage was limited to settlements affecting
10,000 workers or more; in 1966, this figure was low
ered to 5,000. Measures now presented are: (1) Firstyear changes in contracts negotiated during the
period; (2) annual rates of change in wages and bene
fits over the life of those contracts; and (3) wage and
benefit changes that become effective during the year.
In order to provide data for the nonunion and
small, union firms not reported on in the above pro
grams, surveys were conducted between 1959 and
1978 covering union and nonunion manufacturing in
dustry establishments regardless of size. These sur
veys, applying to production and related workers,
provided information, separately for union and non
union establishments, on first-year wage rate decisions
and on general wage changes effective within each
year. The data applied only to firms that made gener
al wage rate changes, i.e., firms that changed wages
only on an individual worker basis were excluded.
Employee Compensation
(Covers tables 132 and 133)
The first studies of employer expenditures for em
ployee compensation were undertaken in 1959 and re
lated to selected industries. Beginning in 1966, the
program was expanded to cover all private nonfarm
industries. The 1977 data are the last that will be
available; the program has been discontinued.
The studies cover cash disbursements made by em
ployers during a calendar year. Expenditures are ex
pressed as a percent of compensation, as dollars per
hour of work, and as dollars for all hours (work hours
plus paid leave hours). The compensation practices
studied are the major ones in American industry.
They fall into several functional groups: (1) Pay for
time worked; (2) pay for leave time (except sick
leave); (3) retirement; (4) health and life insurance (in
cluding sick leave); (5) unemployment benefits; and
(6) nonproduction bonuses and savings and thrift
plans. The studies cover both legally required pro
grams, such as social security, and privately main
tained programs, such as health insurance.
Data are presented separately for manufacturing
and nonmanufacturing industries, office and nonoffice
employees, and for all industries and employees.
Table 107. Interarea pay comparisons
1961-78
relative pay levels by industry division, selected periods,
Office clerical
Period and area
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
Skilled maintenance
Nonmanufac
turing
industnes
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
Unskilled plant
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
Nonmanufac
turing
industries
Average pay levels for each industry and occupational group in 188
Standard Metropolitan Statistical A re a s=100
L A T E 1 9 6 1 -E A R LY 1962
Northeast:
Areas with 1,000,000 or more population:
Boston.......................................................
Buffalo...................................... ................
Newark and Jersey City............................
New York C ity ..........................................
Paterson-Clifton-Passaic.........................
Philadelphia..............................................
Pittsburgh..................................................
93
100
100
102
99
95
107
91
100
97
101
96
94
110
96
96
102
104
97
94
100
93
102
101
99
97
99
105
93
102
102
101
96
98
106
96
110
111
104
103
100
111
93
111
111
100
95
100
111
100
100
108
108
107
100
109
Areas with 250,000 but less than 1,000,000
population:
Albany-Schenectady-Troy.......................
Allentow n-Bethlehem -Easton..................
New H aven...............................................
Providence-Pawtucket..............................
Trenton......................................................
W orcester.................................................
98
104
98
83
98
91
96
101
93
81
98
90
99
93
101
82
96
93
90
83
97
90
96
94
90
82
96
91
96
107
91
86
96
94
90
104
92
78
95
85
104
106
94
99
92
99
Areas with less than 250,000 population:
Lawrence-Haverhill..................................
Manchester...............................................
Portland....................................................
Scran to n...................................................
W aterbury.................................................
Y o rk ..........................................................
91
79
83
91
100
92
87
—
82
85
94
—
—
86
—
81
89
91
86
87
—
90
75
89
90
98
91
85
69
87
83
98
87
82
88
97
90
100
South:
Areas with 1,000,000 or more population:......
Atlanta......................................................
Baltimore...................................................
D a lla s.......................................................
Houston....................................................
Washington......................... ......................
95
94
93
100
100
97
99
94
99
97
91
94
102
103
92
99
91
101
95
91
99
89
103
75
96
78
73
85
78
102
81
81
84
78
85
78
72
89
111
93
107
86
87
91
87
91
87
90
89
119
103
119
83
85
98
98
89
92
89
87
85
90
93
87
93
90
105
102
107
_
107
102
108
_
86
92
87
105
91
85
95
86
94
94
82
108
73
78
79
72
100
74
76
69
104
92
116
61
80
92
73
102
75
72
82
77
72
95
80
65
68
76
93
77
83
66
88
90
95
84
93
90
—
95
—
103
81
83
77
64
110
91
81
80
65
108
74
87
74
66
104
_
69
59
63
68
60
63
76
74
62
69
71
73
74
101
102
111
119
111
100
106
106
Areas with 250,000 but less than 1,000,000
population:
Beaumont-Port Arthur...............................
Birmingham...............................................
Charleston, W. V a.....................................
Charlotte...................................................
Chattanooga.............................................
Fort W o rth................................................
Jacksonville...... .......................................
Louisville...................................................
M em phis...................................................
Miam i........................................................
New O rle a n s............................................
Norfolk-Portsmouth and Newport N ew sH am pton...............................................
Oklahoma City..........................................
Richmond..................................................
San Antonio..............................................
Wilmington................................................
Areas with less than 250,000 population:
Greenville..................................................
Jack so n ....................................................
Little Rock-North Little R o c k ...................
Lub b ock...................................................
Raleigh.......... .'..........................................
Savannah..................................................
92
88
94
82
113
—
86
—
81
97
90
94
89
83
93
—
—
96
—
112
80
82
80
83
84
96
79
—
—
84
83
86
87
102
106
97
106
114
102
95
105
119
109
95
105
106
_
_
—
—
87
91
86
106
90
_
96
—
—
95
—
104
83
_
_
_
—
97
—
—
63
61
69
66
66
74
107
98
103
109
105
99
103
110
106
102
111
117
_
—
North Central:
Areas with 1,000,000 or more population:
Ch icag o.................................................... .
Cincinnati................................................. ,
Cleveland..................................................
Detroit.......................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
234
Table 107. Interarea pay comparisons ‘— relative pay levels by industry division, selected periods,
1961-78— Continued
L A T E 1961-E A R L Y 1962— Continued
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
Unskilled plant
Skilled maintenance
Office clerical
Period and area
Nonmanufac
turing
industries
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
Nonmanufac
turing
industries
Average pay levels for each industry and occupational group in 188 Standard Metropolitan Statistical
A reas= 100— Continued
North Central:— Continued
Kansas C ity .............................................
Milwaukee................................................
Minneapolis-St. P au l...............................
St. Louis...................................................
99
99
94
99
97
99
90
96
100
97
97
100
102
105
101
104
102
105
101
104
101
111
110
103
105
108
106
103
99
109
112
103
Areas with 250,000 but less than 1,000,000
population:
Akron.......................................................
Canton......................................................
Colum bus.................................................
Davenport-Rock Island-M oline...............
Dayton....... ..............................................
Des M o in e s.............................................
Indianapolis.............................................
O m a h a ....................................................
T o ledo ......................................................
W ichita.....................................................
104
101
96
103
106
85
99
95
106
101
104
100
97
107
104
90
102
94
103
—
94
105
99
99
107
104
101
100
98
105
94
105
100
99
108
104
101
101
98
105
95
124
112
94
111
109
103
97
103
113
97
121
111
98
111
110
107
100
100
108
100
115
99
88
101
96
94
94
105
114
87
91
97
95
87
95
91
86
94
91
97
106
93
97
116
111
111
94
91
110
98
Areas with less than 250,000 population:
Green B a y ...............................................
Muskegon-Muskegon Heights.................
R ockfo rd ..................................................
Sioux F a lls ...............................................
South Bend..............................................
W aterloo..................................................
—
94
95
102
86
96
97
102
93
—
—
—
—
—
99
104
100
103
—
—
104
101
104
—
104
109
99
95
117
111
Areas with 1,000,000 or more population:
Los Angeles-Long Beach........................
San Francisco-O akland...........................
Seattle.....................................................
110
109
105
109
110
106
112
110
103
105
112
101
105
112
99
111
122
113
109
119
109
113
128
118
Areas with 250,000 but less than 1,000,000
population:
Albuquerque............................................
Denver.................... ................. ............
Phoenix........ ...........................................
Portland................................ ...................
Salt Lake City..........................................
San Bernardino-Riverside-Ontario..........
Spokane...................................................
98
97
94
100
93
103
100
102
100
92
103
94
102
98
100
103
105
99
102
99
103
—
—
95
102
90
109
95
99
110
83
105
91
105
91
101
117
102
103
88
113
96
99
107
—
—
—
113
—
West:
M ARCH 1963-FEBRUARY 1964
95
99
96
—
105
—
—
105
—
Average pay levels for each industry and occupational group in 212 Standard Metropolitan Statistical
A reas=100
Northeast:
Areas with 1,000,000 population or more:
Boston......................................................
Buffalo......................................................
Newark and Jersey City...........................
New Y o rk .................................................
P aterson-Clifton-Passaic........................
Philadelphia.............................................
Pittsburgh.................................................
93
101
101
103
100
96
104
91
100
98
102
99
96
108
95
97
102
105
98
96
100
94
100
102
101
97
99
101
94
100
103
102
98
99
102
97
110
110
106
105
102
109
93
111
112
103
97
101
110
101
100
108
109
108
102
106
Areas with 250,000 but less than 1,000,000
population:
A lbany-Schenectady-Troy......................
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton..................
New H aven..............................................
Providence-Pawtucket.............................
Trenton............ ....................................... .
W orcester................................................
98
105
99
85
97
92
96
103
95
83
96
91
99
101
85
86
96
92
90
85
96
90
96
94
91
84
95
90
97
105
94
86
99
96
92
102
96
78
97
89
104
104
93
98
101
98
87
72
88
83
100
86
97
83
82
99
91
99
Areas with less than 250,000 population:
Lawrence-Haverhill.................................
Manchester..............................................
Portland....................................................
Scran to n..................................................
W a te rb u ry
.............................................................
Y o rk .........................................................
91
81
84
91
99
92
—
—
_
_
88
89
—
—
—
—
—
85
96
81
90
91
86 I
81
88
90
85
81
95
89
—
—
See footnotes at end of table.
235
91
7786
93
99
91
Table 107. Interarea pay comparisons1 relative pay levels by industry division, selected periods,
—
1961-78— Continued
Skilled maintenance
Office clerical
Period and area
MARCH 1963-FEBRUARY 1964—Continued
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
Nonmanufac
turing
industries
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
Unskilled plant
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
Nonmanufac
turing
industries
Average pay levels for each industry and occupational group in 262 Standard Metropolitan
Statistical Areas = 100— Continued
South:
Areas with 1,000,000 population or more:
Atlanta......................................................
Baltimore...................................................
D a lla s.......................................................
Houston....................................................
Washington...............................................
97
97
93
100
101
98
101
94
101
—
99
95
94
100
104
93
97
91
100
96
92
98
90
101
—
77
95
79
75
88
80
103
81
85
89
79
87
79
72
90
113
95
107
88
87
91
89
95
88
91
93
—
101
—
—
87
97
—
94
90
—
97
100
92
—
89
87
87
92
95
88
95
92
105
102
105
—
85
92
86
104
92
86
97
106
103
106
—
84
94
—
105
91
—
98
97
81
109
72
79
79
73
99
75
74
70
104
92
115
62
80
89
73
103
76
71
81
83
72
101
75
69
69
74
94
75
79
68
93
90
94
82
—
89
95
—
88
91
95
84
—
—
94
—
—
—
93
—
80
84
77
65
91
80
81
66
70
87
73
66
82
84
82
—
84
98
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
86
84
—
87
—
69
81
—
—
97
—
—
77
—
—
97
63
66
69
66
66
76
59
66
69
62
63
76
72
67
69
69
71
76
Areas with 1,000,000 population or more:
C hicago....................................................
Cincinnati.................................................
Cleveland.................................................
Detroit.......................................................
Kansas C ity .............................................
Milwaukee................................................
Minneapolis-St. P au l...............................
St. Lou is....................................................
106
98
106
115
97
100
94
99
102
96
105
120
96
100
89
96
108
97
105
106
107
98
104
109
103
106
103
105
105
98
104
111
102
105
103
104
106
104
111
119
111
110
102
101
104
112
120
104
110
107
104
111
100
106
108
96
106
112
101
Areas with 250,000 but less than 1,000,000
population:
A kron........................................................
Canton......................................................
Colum bus..................................................
Davenport-Rock Island-M oline...............
Dayton......................................................
Des M o in e s..............................................
Indianapolis..............................................
O m a h a .....................................................
T o le do ......................................................
W ichita.....................................................
104
98
95
103
105
88
98
96
103
99
105
97
98
106
103
91
103
94
101
100
95
103
98
100
107
103
101
103
98
103
94
104
98
100
108
103
101
103
99
103
93
123
109
98
112
105
103
100
103
111
99
119
109
95
112
108
109
104
101
109
100
116
96
91
101
93
93
92
104
109
93
92
98
94
_
_
89
95
90
94
90
108
112
97
99
117
114
102
110
93
100
116
114
114
95
90
112
114
125
118
108
119
122
113
115
112
129
120
Areas with 250,000 but less than 1,000,000
population:
Beaumont-Port Arthur..............................
Birmingham...............................................
Charleston, W. V a.....................................
Charlotte...................................................
Chattanooga............................................
Fort W o rth................................................
Jacksonville..............................................
Louisville...................................................
M em phis...................................................
Miam i........................................................
New O rle a n s............................................
Norfolk-Portsmouth and Newport New sH am pton...............................................
Oklahoma City..........................................
Richmond..................................................
San Antonio..............................................
Areas with less than 250,000 population:
Greenville..................................................
Jackso n....................................................
Little Rock-North Little R o c k ..................
Lub b ock...................................................
Raleigh.....................................................
Savannah.................................................
—
North Central:
Areas with less than 250,000 population:
Green B a y ...............................................
Muskegon-Muskegon H eights.................
R ockford..................................................
Sioux F a lls ...............................................
South Bend..............................................
W aterloo..................................................
99
98
97
100
93
94
102
89
94
98
101
98
104
101
—
—
_
92
111
106
110
106
110
112
110
108
112
100
111
103
_
_
_
_
_
104
103
104
105
105
114
102
105
105
114
101
99
107
_
107
102
West:
Areas with 1,000,000 population or more:
Los Angeles-Long B each........................
San Diego................................................
San Francisco-O akland...........................
Seattle......................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
236
Table 107. Interarea pay comparisons1 relative pay levels by industry division, selected periods,
—
1961-78— Continued
Office clerical
Period and area
All
indus
tries
West: —Continued
MARCH 1965-FEBRUARY 1966
Skilled maintenance
Nonmanufac
turing
industries
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
Unskilled plant
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
Nonmanufac
turing
industries
Average pay levels for each industry and occupational group in 212 Standard Metropolitan
Statistical A reas= 100— Continued
MARCH 1963-FEBRUARY 1964—Continued
Areas with 250,000 but less than 1,000,000
population:
Albuquerque.............................................
Denver.......................................................
Phoenix................................................ ....
Portland........... .........................................
Salt Lake City............................................
San Bernardino-Riverside-Ontario...........
Spokane....................................................
Manufac
turing
industries
95
99
95
98
95
103
99
98
101
94
102
96
103
97
97
97
93
94
—
100
104
103
99
108
104
100
103
99
110
97
104
94
110
94
99
110
90
106
93
104
95
104
115
103
103
94
116
95
92
109
Average pay levels for each industry and occupational group in 221 Standard Metropolitan Statistical
A reas= 100
Northeast:
Areas with 1,000,000 population or more:
Boston.......................................................
Buffalo.......................................................
Newark and Jersey City............................
New Y o rk ..................................................
P aterson-Clifton-Passaic.........................
Philadelphia..................... ........................
Pittsburgh..................................................
95
101
101
104
101
96
103
93
102
99
103
99
96
103
97
97
102
106
98
95
102
95
101
102
102
98
99
102
95
101
101
103
99
99
102
93
110
108
108
103
103
108
91
110
110
105
96
102
109
96
102
106
111
105
103
106
Areas with 250,000 but less than 1,000,000
population:
Albany-Schenectady-T ro y .......................
Allentow n-Bethlehem -Easton...................
New H aven...............................................
Providence-Pawtucket..............................
Trenton......................................................
W orcester.................................................
Y o rk ..........................................................
98
105
99
86
98
90
92
95
105
93
84
96
90
92
99
96
92
90
86
96
88
86
95
92
89
84
95
89
84
94
105
91
85
98
96
88
90
102
93
79
99
91
84
102
101
91
92
96
97
94
Areas with less than 250,000 population:
Law rence-H averhill..................................
Manchester...............................................
Portland.....................................................
Scran to n...................................................
W aterbury.................................................
91
82
84
85
99
82
89
90
83
91
80
86
93
97
87
74
86
87
97
98
83
83
94
92
95
98
91
99
98
94
99
91
100
78
95
78
77
86
81
102
81
86
87
76
86
77
73
87
103
99
104
105
100
104
86
97
92
96
88
95
91
86
95
72
87
103
92
87
97
96
80
104
75
81
79
66
71
99
76
72
72
101
91
111
64
83
87
62
73
103
78
71
85
79
70
97
79
70
67
72
73
93
75
74
69
89
91
80
91
73
95
79
78
64
79
83
67
80
72
64
103
87
86
88
86
80
96
90
South:
Areas with 1,000,000 population or more:
Atlanta.......................................................
Baltimore...................................................
D a lla s........................................................
Houston.....................................................
Washington...............................................
Areas with 250,000 but less than 1,000,000
population:
Beaumont-Port Arthur...............................
Birmingham...............................................
Charleston, W. V a.....................................
Charlotte...................................................
Chattanooga.............................................
Fort W orth................................................
Greenville..................................................
Jacksonville..............................................
Louisville...................................................
M em phis...................................................
Miami........................................................
New O rle a n s............................................
Norfolk-Portsmouth and Newport News*
H am pton...............................................
Oklahoma City...........................................
Richmond..................................................
San Antonio..............................................
98
97
93
98
103
112
92
105
89
87
92
83
89
96
88
92
93
100
96
95
99
106
99
98
94
99
117
95
109
94
90
96
83
92
100
91
85
89
_
_
_
_
96
89
100
88
96
92
97
84
See footnotes at end of table.
237
_
103
91
97
96
Table 107. Interarea pay comparisons1 relative pay levels by industry division, selected periods,
—
1961-78— Continued
Office clerical
Period and area
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
Skilled maintenance
All
indus
tries
Nonmanufac
turing
industries
Manufac
turing
industries
Unskilled plant
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
Nonmanufac
turing
industries
Average pay levels for each industry and occupational group in 221 Standard Metropolitan
Statistical Areas = 100— Continued
MARCH 1965-FEBRUARY 1966—Continued
S o u th -C o n tin u e d
Areas with less than 250,000 population:
Jackso n....................................................
Little Rock-North Little R o c k ..................
Lubbock...................................................
Raleigh.....................................................
Savannah.................................................
86
83
85
86
98
—
—
—
—
98
88
85
89
88
—
98
67
70
68
67
77
83
78
—
—
66
66
65
64
76
71
—
72
70
77
~
North Central:
Areas with 1,000,000 population or more:
C hicago....................................................
Cincinnati.................................................
Cleveland.................................................
Detroit.......................................................
Kansas C ity .............................................
Milwaukee................................................
Minneapolis-St. P au l................................
St. Lou is...................................................
105
98
104
114
98
100
93
98
103
95
103
119
96
100
88
96
107
97
103
106
99
99
96
98
108
98
102
109
104
106
103
104
105
98
103
110
104
105
103
104
106
103
109
118
100
109
109
104
99
103
111
120
106
109
107
105
111
98
105
104
94
103
110
103
Areas with 250,000 but less than 1,000,000
population:
Akron........................................................
Canton......................................................
Colum bus.................................................
Davenport-Rock Island-M oline...............
Dayton......................................................
Des M o in e s ......................................... ....
Indianapolis.............................................
O m a h a .....................................................
South Bend..............................................
T o le do ......................................................
W ichita.....................................................
Youngstow n-W arren...............................
104
96
95
103
104
88
97
94
96
101
98
102
105
94
97
105
104
93
100
95
104
95
100
106
103
102
103
98
100
102
94
105
104
96
100
107
103
102
103
99
100
103
94
106
126
105
96
112
107
102
101
99
113
109
99
110
119
105
97
111
110
109
101
99
113
106
99
107
115
96
94
104
95
88
99
99
107
109
93
109
95
89
—
94
91
93
91
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
103
—
103
108
94
101
113
102
106
108
110
98
99
113
114
98
93
106
107
113
106
107
114
114
116
125
119
110
117
121
118
117
116
130
120
99
99
102
104
—
98
104
90
104
111
99
99
104
110
111
—
93
98
114
109
103
102
88
116
93
103
109
106
90
109
95
107
102
101
114
118
108
_
102
88
105
Areas with less than 250,000 population:
Green B a y ..............................................
Muskegon-Muskegon H eights................
R ockfo rd ..................................................
Sioux F a lls ..............................................
W aterloo.................................................
—
94
96
99
89
95
97
—
97
100
97
103
—
99
—
—
—
.
—
—
99
West:
Areas with 1,000,000 population or more:
Los Angeles-Long Beach........................
San Diego................................................
San Francisco-O akland...........................
Seattle-Everett.........................................
111
106
110
105
Areas with 250,000 but less than 1,000,000
population:
Albuquerque............................................
Denver......................................................
Phoen ix....................................................
Portland....................................................
Salt Lake City..........................................
San Bernardino-Riverside-Ontario..........
San Jo s e ..................................................
Spokane...................................................
96
98
96
100
96
107
111
98
Areas with less than 250,000 population:
Boise City.................................................
91
MARCH 1967-FEBRUARY 1968
111
112
101
112
104
—
109
107
99
96
100
96
95
—
100
95
103
97
107
108
111
—
97
___
94
___
94
Average pay levels for each industry and occupational group iii 227 Standard Metropolitan Statistical
A reas= 100
Northeast:
Areas with 1,000,000 population or more:
B oston.....................................................
Buffalo.....................................................
Newark and Jersey City..........................
New Y o rk ................................................
P aterson-Clifton-Passaic.......................
Philadelphia.............................................
Pittsburgh................................................
95
101
100
103
99
97
101
93
98
101
99
99
101
105
97
97
100
102
98
96
101
See footnotes at end of table.
238
95
104
101
101
98
97
99
95
105
101
102
98
97
99
94
106
105
108
107
104
107
93
105
106
101
98
100
105
96
101
104
112
109
105
110
Table 107. Interarea pay comparisons1 relative pay levels by industry division, selected periods,
—
1961-78— Continued
Period and area
M ARCH 1967-FEBRU A R Y 1968— Continued
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
Unskilled plant
Skilled maintenance
Office clerical
Nonmanufac
turing
industries
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industnes
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
Nonmanufac
turing
industnes
Average pay levels for each industry and occupational group in 227 Standard Metropolitan
Statistical A reas= 100— Continued
Northeast— Continued
Areas with 250,000 but less than 1,000,000
population:
Albany-Schenectady-T ro y ......................
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton 2...............
New H aven..............................................
Providence-Pawtucket-W arwick..............
Trenton.....................................................
W orcester................................................
Y o rk .........................................................
99
104
98
88
96
92
93
Areas with less than 250,000 population:
Law rence-H averhill.................................
Manchester..............................................
Portland....................................................
Scran to n ..................................................
W aterbury................................................
83
85
86
97
97
92
89
87
97
91
87
96
92
88
85
97
92
85
98
103
89
83
101
98
93
92
101
94
80
99
97
87
104
99
90
86
107
87
97
_
89
91
82
_
81
88
89
88
71
85
83
92
104
86
93
80
84
93
91
101
96
95
101
104
95
99
91
99
94
94
100
91
100
79
91
80
79
85
83
101
80
88
86
78
87
81
75
87
92
105
98
102
106
98
103
84
95
72
85
97
71
90
103
93
87
96
88
104
92
93
77
93
81
84
84
68
76
72
99
81
71
78
103
89
106
66
85
89
65
73
71
102
84
72
85
79
71
78
88
79
74
72
82
74
86
79
72
77
88
90
92
_
92
88
_
77
84
80
67
72
86
84
83
71
75
74
88
79
67
72
_
_
73
68
71
64
75
72
_
69
77
65
77
72
104
98
102
116
104
106
104
105
107
102
108
122
105
111
109
106
99
105
109
122
108
109
105
106
112
97
103
112
100
111
111
105
96
103
93
85
95
91
92
101
_
_
81
95
100
97
94
99
102
99
98
93
98
112
92
102
90
88
95
84
90
84
95
88
90
95
118
95
102
90
92
89
_
81
98
_
South:
Areas with 1,000,000 population or more:
Atlanta......................................................
Baltimore..................................................
D a lla s .......................................................
Houston....................................................
Washington..............................................
Areas with 250,000 but less than 1,000,000
population:
Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange................
Birmingham...............................................
Charleston, W. V a.....................................
Charlotte...................................................
Chattanooga.............................................
Fort W orth................................................
Greenville..................................................
Jacksonville..............................................
Little Rock-North Little R o c k ...................
Louisville...................................................
M em phis...................................................
Miam i.........................................................
New O rle a n s.............................................
Norfolk-Portsmouth and Newport
N ew s-Ham pton.....................................
Oklahoma City...........................................
Richmond..................................................
San Antonio..............................................
Tam pa-St Petersburg..............................
Areas with less than 250,000 population:
Jackso n.....................................................
Lubbock....................................................
Midland and O d e s s a ................................
Raleigh......................................................
Savannah..................................................
92
91
92
85
89
_
92
87
87
87
81
91
85
95
89
92
94
_
96
87
86
101
87
93
92
87
91
_
_
_
86
86
99
85
92
_
_
104
97
102
116
96
99
93
98
88
88
102
87
101
95
102
122
96
98
89
97
_
96
North Central:
Areas with 1,000,000 population or more:
C hicago.....................................................
Cincinnati..................................................
Cleveland..................................................
Detroit........................................................
Kansas C ity ..............................................
Milwaukee................................ .'...............
Minneapolis-St. P a u l................................
St. Louis....................................................
107
98
101
109
97
97
95
99
See footnotes at end of table
239
106
98
102
114
104
106
104
104
Table 107. Interarea pay comparisons x— relative pay levels by industry division, selected periods,
1961-78— Continued
Skilled maintenance
Office clerical
Period and area
MARCH 1867-FEBRUARY 1968—Continued
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
Nonmanufac
turing
industnes
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
Unskilled plant
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
Nonmanufac
turing
industries
Average pay levels for each industry and occupational group in 227 Standard Metropolitan
Statistical A reas= 100— Continued
North Central— Continued
Areas with 250,000 but less than 1,000,000
population:
Akron.........................................................
Canton......................................................
Colum bus..................................................
Davenport-Rock Island-M oline................
Dayton.......................................................
Des M o in e s ..............................................
Indianapolis..............................................
O m a h a ......................................................
South Bend...............................................
T o le d o .......................................................
W ichita......................................................
Youngstow n-W arren................................
101
92
92
103
105
89
98
93
93
105
99
102
102
92
98
104
105
91
101
90
97
105
99
102
94
—
89
98
100
90
94
96
—
100
95
—
102
95
98
104
106
103
.104
98
99
104
94
105
103
96
98
105
107
103
105
98
99
104
94
106
120
106
94
114
107
101
100
91
108
112
97
107
116
104
98
111
110
110
103
97
109
110
96
106
107
96
93
106
98
88
96
92
99
109
89
103
Areas with less than 250,000 population:
Green B a y ................................................
Muskegon-Muskegon Heights..................
R ockfo rd ...................................................
Sioux F a lls ................................................
W aterlo o ...................................................
93
98
94
89
104
—
95
91
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
91
93
92
—
108
—
93
92
—
—
110
111
101
99
119
106
108
100
102
117
109
—
96
87
—
Areas with 1,000,000 population or more:
Los Angeles-Long Beach and Anaheim-Santa Ana-G arden G ro v e ...........
San D iego.................................................
San Francisco-O akland............................
Seattle-Everett..........................................
112
104
109
106
112
108
110
106
112
99
111
103
105
107
113
104
105
107
112
104
114
110
126
120
107
115
121
118
120
107
131
120
Areas with 250,000 but less than 1,000,000
population:
Albuquerque.............................................
Denver.......................................................
Phoenix.....................................................
Portland.....................................................
Salt Lake City............................................
San Bernardino-Riverside-Ontario...........
S an Jo s e ...................................................
Spokane....................................................
95
97
96
100
93
106
112
98
—
97
99
94
—
—
110
98
99
93
103
94
106
109
97
—
98
101
102
96
100
108
—
97
100
102
95
101
108
97
101
87
113
90
101
116
111
89
101
94
106
101
105
112
110
104
102
85
116
90
95
122
111
Areas with less than 250,000 population:
Boise City..................................................
91
—
90
—
—
99
81
106
West:
M ARCH 1969-FEBRUARY 1970
Averagi3 pay levels for each industry and occupational group in 229 Standard Metropolitan Statistical
Areas =100
Northeast:
Areas with 1,000,000 population or more:
B oston.......................................................
Buffalo.......................................................
Newark and Jersey City............................
New Y o rk ..................................................
P aterson -Clifton-Passaic.........................
Philadelphia..............................................
Pittsburgh..................................................
97
100
101
105
99
97
101
95
101
100
102
98
97
102
99
97
101
107
98
96
98
95
103
101
100
98
96
98
94
103
100
101
98
97
98
95
106
105
108
105
103
106
93
106
107
103
98
100
106
99
101
103
112
105
104
106
Areas with 250,000 but less than 1,000,000
population:
A lbany-Schenectady-Troy.......................
Allentow n-Bethlehem -Easton..................
Binghamton 3............................................
New Haven
..........................................
Providence-Pawtucket-W arwick...............
R och ester.................................................
S yracu se...................................................
T renton
..............................................
U tica-R om e.............................................
W orcester................................................
Y o rk ..........................................................
99
102
95
98
88
109
94
97
93
93
91
—
102
100
94
—
101
89
99
94
97
91
86
88
87
(4)
95
94
88
89
88
97
91
—
87
85
(4)
93
94
87
89
86
102
102
82
90
83
(4)
96
99
89
95
96
95
98
80
92
78
(4)
98
96
90
94
88
107
100
—
90
88
(4)
94
106
84
—
99
93
86
109
94
95
91
91
91
_
_
95
See footnotes at end of table.
240
Table 107. Interarea pay comparisons1 relative pay levels by industry division, selected periods,
—
1961-78— Continued
Skilled maintenance
Office clerical
Period and area
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
Nonmanufac
turing
industries
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
Unskilled plant
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
Nonmanufac
turing
industries
Average pay levels for each industry and occupational group in 229 Standard Metropolitan
Statistical Areas = 100— Continued
M ARCH 1969-FEBRU A R Y 1970— Continued
Northeast — Continued
Areas with less than 250,000 population:
Law rence-H averhill..................................
Manchester...............................................
Portland.....................................................
Scran to n...................................................
W aterbury.................................................
95
84
86
87
97
83
—
88
92
86
88
94
88
86
73
84
81
89
106
92
90
104
—
96
98
94
99
89
95
98
94
99
94
99
—
95
—
80
93
84
80
75
77
85
83
101
84
91
75
88
92
79
88
85
75
78
75
87
—
86
—
—
—
90
78
82
85
89
—
—
—
84
95
90
—
South:
Areas with 1,000,000 population or more:
Atlanta.......................................................
Baltimore...................................................
D a lla s........................................................
Houston.....................................................
Miami........................................................
New O rle a n s............................................
Washington...............................................
99
97
94
100
93
93
104
99
99
93
100
—
101
100
96
96
101
95
93
106
110
91
92
86
97
85
85
90
85
94
89
116
94
—
86
99
83
—
—
87
94
90
—
90
94
85
91
87
86
91
85
93
89
104
94
—
83
96
73
—
84
91
102
93
105
95
—
83
98
72
—
—
90
103
92
98
77
82
84
87
72
72
75
73
98
83
108
86
69
84
92
67
70
77
71
101
86
84
70
87
72
78
82
75
77
74
90
77
89
90
91
83
88
—
89
94
—
83
85
91
91
84
90
91
90
90
—
87
—
—
—
85
78
81
81
69
74
84
81
81
71
79
75
84
82
69
73
99
85
98
86
93
—
—
—
—
—
94
87
101
87
—
98
—
—
—
—
98
—
—
—
—
85
73
—
72
78
102
67
—
68
76
75
76
—
74.
76
Areas with 1,000,000 population or more:
C hicago.....................................................
Cincinnati..................................................
Cleveland..................................................
Detroit........................................................
Indianapolis..............................................
Kansas C ity ..............................................
Milwaukee.................................................
Minneapolis-St. P au l................................
St. Louis....................................................
105
96
101
116
98
96
99
93
98
102
95
101
122
102
95
98
90
98
107
94
100
109
94
97
97
95
98
106
98
104
114
104
103
106
106
105
104
99
104
116
104
104
106
106
106
108
100
108
122
102
103
108
107
105
101
104
109
121
103
106
107
104
107
113
96
104
114
97
99
106
110
102
Areas with 250,000 but less than 1,000,000
population:
Akron.........................................................
Canton.......................................................
Colum bus..................................................
Davenport-Rock Island-M oline................
Dayton.......................................................
Des M o in e s..............................................
O m a h a ......................................................
R ockford...................................................
South Bend...............................................
T oledo......................................................
W ichita5....................................................
Youngstow n-W arren................................
101
92
95
105
103
88
91
95
92
106
101
101
102
93
97
102
93
102
93
119
107
94
115
108
100
114
104
96
113
109
110
94
102
101
111
102
105
108
103
95
107
96
87
89
—
Areas with 250,000 but less than 1,000,000
population:
Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange.................
Birmingham...............................................
Charlotte...................................................
Chattanooga.............................................
Fort W orth................................................
Greenville..................................................
Jackso n.....................................................
Jacksonville..............................................
Little Rock-North Little R o c k ...................
Louisville...................................................
M em phis...................................................
Norfolk-Portsmouth
and
Newport
New s- Hampton....................................
Oklahoma City...........................................
Richmond..................................................
San Antonio..............................................
Tampa-St. Petersburg..............................
Areas with less than 250,000 population:
Charleston, W. V a ..................................
Lubbock....................................................
Midland and O d e s s a ................................
Raleigh......................................................
Savannah..................................................
—
—
North Central:
—
97
93
99
98
106
106
92
89
93
94
106
102
102
98
97
88
93
—
109
106
101
95
95
100
104
110
107
101
—
101
97
—
See footnotes at end of table.
241
96
97
100
106
97
95
104
106
88
105
103
112
101
105
99
106
94
101
Table 107. Interarea pay comparisons1 relative pay levels by industry division, selected periods,
—
1901-78— Continued
Skilled maintenance
Office clerical
Period and area
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
Nonmanufac
turing
industries
All
indus
tries
Unskilled plant
All
indus
tries
Manufac
turing
industries
Manufac
turing
industries
Nonmanufac
turing
industries
Average pay levels for each industry and occupational group in 229 Standard Metropolitan
Statistical Areas =100— Continued
MARCH 1969-FEBRUARY 1970—Continued
North Central— Continued
Areas with less than 250,000 population:
Green B a y ................................................
Muskegon-Muskegon Heights..................
Sioux F a lls ................................................
W aterloo...................................................
92
101
—
—
99
—
92
95
94
—
—
—
—
—
105
—
—
107
—
107
112
105
119
113
114
102
121
—
112
_
91
—
West:
Areas with 1,000,000 population or more:
Denver.......................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach and Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden G ro v e ...........
San Bernardino-Riverside-Ontario...........
San Diego.................................................
San Francisco-O akland............................
San Jo s e ...................................................
Seattle-Everett..........................................
97
98
98
98
97
99
103
99
110
107
104
109
110
105
111
109
107
108
110
107
110
106
100
110
107
102
106
103
109
115
110
106
105
103
109
115
111
107
110
100
109
124
115
119
102
106
—
122
113
120
116
86
—
128
115
119
Areas with 250,000 but less than 1,000,000
population:
Albuquerque.............................................
P hoen ix.....................................................
Portland.....................................................
Salt Lake City............................................
Spokane....................................................
90
95
98
91
96
—
99
94
93
—
92
92
100
91
94
—
98
105
94
105
—
98
105
93
105
87
88
113
88
106
81
90
104
96
106
91
87
117
88
108
Areas with less than 250,000 population:
Boise C ity ..................- ............................... .
90
—
92
—
—
93
85
—
Office clerical
All
indus
tries
M ARCH 1971-FEBRUARY 1972
Manufacturindus
tries
Electronic data processing
Nonmanufacturing
indus
tries
All
indus
tries
Nonmanufacturing
indus
tries
All
indus
tries
Unskilled plant
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
All
indus
tries
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
Nonmanufacturing
indus
tries
Average pay levels for each industry and occupational group in 229 Standard Metropolitan Statistical
A reas= 100— Continued
96
102
90
92
101
99
98
_
_
_
_
104
117
97
96
_
_
94
89
91
_
_
Akron, O hio.............................................................
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, N .Y .............................
Albuquerque, N. M e x.............................................
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, P a .-N .J ..................
Atlanta, G a ..............................................................
101
100
88
101
100
102
Baltimore, M d .........................................................
Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange, T ex.......................
Binghamton, N.Y 3 ..................................................
Birmingham, A la ......................................................
Boise City, Idaho.....................................................
99
111
96
90
90
Boston, M ass..........................................................
Buffalo, N.Y.............................................................
Canton, Ohio...........................................................
Charleston, W .V a ....................................................
Charlotte, N .C .........................................................
98
101
92
96
92
98
102
92
99
97
86
94
85
102
95
101
92
_
102
97
_
96
99
92
98
96
88
95
Chattanooga, T en n .-G a.........................................
Chicago, III..............................................................
Cincinnati, Ohio-Ky.-Ind.........................................
Cleveland, O hio......................................................
Columbus, O hio......................................................
86
105
97
102
92
87
101
97
101
95
84
106
95
100
91
Dallas, T e x ..............................................................
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline, Iowa-Ill.................
Dayton, O hio...........................................................
Denver, C o lo ...........................................................
Des Moines, Iow a...................................................
94
106
105
98
88
94
106
105
100
92
95
100
100
98
87
93
106
102
99
87
Detroit, M ic h ...........................................................
Fort Worth, T e x ......................................................
119
93
125
95
113
90
117
101
See footnotes at end of table.
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
Skilled
maintenance
242
_
_
_
_
101
_
_
_
_
97
99
98
_
_
_
_
_
99
98
_
_
_
120
105
96
124
104
78
107
80
118
96
81
100
88
113
110
77
110
78
93
96
94
94
98
100
85
93
99
102
83
93
90
97
79
76
88
104
107
76
84
84
82
97
103
93
98
97
103
94
98
94
107
104
77
80
95
106
99
100
72
96
101
103
67
83
84
107
99
103
98
85
105
99
104
97
83
111
100
110
89
84
101
106
111
93
68
117
93
101
88
90
108
105
100
101
89
110
106
100
101
80
115
112
97
101
82
113
112
102
112
79
107
100
97
90
116
93
118
95
127
81
125
88
119
74
96
104
93
101
93
94
102
101
104
96
_
97
87
112
71
96
Table 107. Interarea pay comparisons ^relative pay levels by industry division, selected periods,
1961-78— Continued
Electronic data processing
Office clerical
Period and area
M A R C H 1971-F E B R U A R Y 1972— Contin ued
All
indus
tries
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
Nonmanufacturing
indus
tries
All
indus
tries
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
Nonmanufacturing
indus
tries
Skilled
maintenance
All
indus
tries
Unskilled plant
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
All
indus
tries
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
Nonmanufacturing
indus
tries
Average pay levels for each industry and occupational group in 229 Standard Metropolitan
Statistical A reas= 100— Continued
Green Bay, W is .................. ....................................
Greenville, S .C ........................................................
Houston, T e x ..........................................................
Huntsville, A la .........................................................
Indianapolis, Ind......................................................
94
84
98
97
98
—
81
98
—
104
—
86
99
94
92
—
—
99
—
98
—
—
—
—
106
—
—
100
—
91
92
72
98
88
105
—
72
98
—
105
115
69
77
71
106
109
64
88
68
107
110
76
73
75
100
Jackson, M is s.........................................................
Jacksonville, F la ......................................................
Kansas City, M o .-K a n s ...........................................
Lawrence-Haverhill, M ass.-N .H ..............................
Little Rock-North Little Rock, A r k ..........................
Los Angeles-Long Beach and Anaheim-Santa
Ana-Garden Grove, C a lif....................................
Louisville, Ky.-lnd....................................................
Lubbock, T e x ..........................................................
84
89
97
96
82
—
—
95
—
—
89
104
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
90
105
—
—
85
91
97
—
81
—
83
106
89
93
—
—
105
89
92
67
77
108
91
73
69
77
108
86
71
—
79
106
—
73
108
93
83
108
95
—
108
91
86
107
97
—
106
103
—
108
—
—
104
102
—
105
103
—
112
98
72
106
100
71
118
89
70
Manchester, N .H .....................................................
Memphis, Tenn.-A rk...............................................
Miami, F la ................................................................
Midland and Odessa, T ex.......................................
Milwaukee, W is........................................................
84
90
96
97
98
_
91
90
—
97
86
90
98
102
97
_
—
99
—
96
—
—
—
—
95
—
—
100
—
97
77
93
92
—
107
—
92
84
—
107
89
82
75
—
106
76
90
75
—
109
95
72
76
—
105
Minneapolis-St. Paul, M inn.....................................
Muskegon-Muskegon Heights, M ich ......................
Newark and Jersey City, N .J ..................................
New Haven, C o n n ...................................................
New Orleans, L a ....................................................
94
102
102
97
91
91
99
101
93
93
96
—
102
100
92
95
—
102
—
98
97
—
103
—
—
94
—
102
—
99
108
93
101
90
91
107
92
100
89
90
114
110
107
86
73
106
106
107
96
87
118
—
108
76
70
New York, N .Y .........................................................
Norfolk-Portsmouth and Newport News-Hampton, V a .................................................................
Oklahoma City, O kla...............................................
Omaha, N ebr.-low a................................................
Paterson-Clifton-Passaic, N .J................................
109
105
111
109
108
111
101
101
112
105
116
85
88
92
98
—
88
—
98
82
88
93
86
90
92
106
—
—
—
—
—
—
94
107
89
91
94
98
—
—
94
97
75
79
89
108
79
84
98
74
79
88
112
Philadelphia, P a .-N .J..............................................
Phoenix, A riz...........................................................
Pittsburgh, P a .........................................................
Portland, M ain e.......................................................
Portland, Oreg.-W ash.............................................
97
93
102
87
97
97
97
104
—
93
96
90
98
88
100
98
98
—
95
—
99
96
101
—
97
98
—
—
—
—
99
84
101
97
96
100
85
102
104
84
109
89
115
100
87
110
84
107
105
84
104
90
117
Providence-Pawtucket-Warwick, R .I.-M ass...........
Raleigh, N .C............................................................
Richmond, V a .........................................................
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, C a lif................
Rochester, N .Y ........................................................
89
87
92
107
106
87
—
93
103
108
88
89
92
109
97
87
—
94
—
105
—
—
—
—
104
—
—
93
—
—
88
—
95
98
(4)
85
—
95
98
(4)
85
72
80
96
(4)
80
68
85
98
(4)
90
—
77
91
(4)
Rockford, III.............................................................
St. Louis, Mo.—
Ill......................................................
Salt Lake City, Utah................................................
San Antonio, T e x ....................................................
San Diego, C a lif......................................................
94
98
90
82
103
92
99
89
80
106
_
98
91
83
98
_
95
92
—
101
_
93
—
—
100
_
97
—
—
—
95
104
96
—
106
97
105
94
—
106
110
106
86
65
108
104
107
94
69
—
_
150
86
65
—
San Francisco-Oakland, C a lif................................
San Jose, C a lif........................................................
Savannah, G a ....................... ..................................
Scranton, P a ...........................................................
Seattle-Everett, W ash............................................
110
111
93
87
102
108
109
—
86
101
112
109
—
85
103
106
111
—
—
97
104
107
—
—
—
107
—
—
—
99
117
111
—
88
106
116
112
—
84
105
130
111
72
98
123
125
106
76
86
118
134
113
—
103
124
Sioux Falls, S. D a k .................................................
South Bend, Ind......................................................
Spokane, W ash.......................................................
Syracuse, N .Y .........................................................
Tampa-St. Petersburg, F la .....................................
90
91
95
95
87
_
92
—
94
82
90
90
93
96
90
_
—
—
94
89
_
—
—
94
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
98
107
96
87
_
98
—
94
85
104
109
107
97
72
106
105
111
100
78
89
104
104
96
70
Toledo, O hio-M ich..................................................
Trenton, N .J............................................................
Utica-Rome, N .Y .....................................................
Washington, D .C .-M d .-V a ......................................
Waterbury, C o n n .....................................................
105
99
93
104
96
105
97
91
103
94
101
—
—
105
—
96
—
—
99
—
94
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
101
—
105
96
89
97
89
107
94
89
—
89
115
94
91
86
87
110
92
91
93
89
116
108
—
87
—
See footnotes at end of table.
99
99
99
96
Table 107. Interarea pay comparisons1 relative pay levels by industry division, selected periods,
—
1961-78— Continued
Office clerical
Period and area
M A R C H 1971-F E B R U A R Y 1972— C o ntin ued
Waterloo, Iow a.......................................................
Wichita, K ans..........................................................
Worcester, M a s s .....................................................
York, P a...................................................................
Youngstown-Warren, O h io .....................................
All
indus
tries
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
Electronic data processing
Nonmanufacturing
indus
tries
All
indus
tries
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
Nonmanufacturing
indus
tries
Skilled
maintenance
All
indus
tries
Unskilled plant
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
All
indus
tries
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
Nonmanufacturing
indus
tries
Average pay levels for each industry and occupational group in 229 Standard Metropolitan
Statistical A reas= 100— Continued
106
95
94
90
101
95
92
91
105
92
96
—
—
—
96
—
—
106
91
90
88
107
89
86
96
109
103
97
103
98
121
89
93
98
107
91
91
89
111
86
90
105
90
126
107
78
108
79
117
100
80
101
92
113
108
77
105
77
—
—
—
—
90
—
—
—
98
104
89
94
103
102
—
100
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
100
101
—
—
—
102
95
97
97
94
85
97
_
_
_
_
_
93
—
95
100
100
83
92
100
104
80
93
69
86
89
79
74
67
99
107
74
88
80
70
—
68
_
97
104
95
96
_
97
105
96
95
93
91
106
110
84
77
90
108
103
102
105
94
103
107
73
84
85
108
99
103
82
85
104
99
104
81
82
111
98
112
72
83
101
103
114
83
69
117
90
104
99
91
109
103
98
93
81
117
111
102
99
85
113
110
103
89
79
110
96
102
M A R C H 19 7 3 -F E B R U A R Y 1974
Akron, O hio.............................................................
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, N .Y ..............................
Albuquerque, N. M e x..............................................
Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, P a .-N .J ..................
Atlanta, G a ..............................................................
Austin, T e x ..............................................................
Baltimore, M d ..........................................................
Beaumont-Port Arthur-Orange, T ex.......................
Binghamton, N .Y .-P a..............................................
Birmingham, A la ......................................................
Boise City, Idaho.....................................................
Boston, M ass..........................................................
Buffalo, N.Y.............................................................
Canton, O hio...........................................................
Charleston, W. V a ...................................................
101
101
87
107
101
101
84
98
116
95
92
_
100
124
93
95
86
99
103
93
97
_
98
104
92
—
—
—
107
98
_
—
—
—
—
—
97
90
94
—
—
—
_
97
96
91
—
_
97
95
_
98
—
—
—
—
_
—
99
99
91
88
100
98
—
95
—
Charlotte, N .C .........................................................
Chattanooga, T e n n .-G a..........................................
Chicago, III..............................................................
Cincinnati, Ohio-Ky.-Ind..........................................
Cleveland, O hio.......................................................
93
87
105
98
101
85
88
102
97
100
96
85
107
97
100
97
87
102
97
100
Columbus, O hio......................................................
Dallas, T e x ..............................................................
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline, Iowa-Ill.................
Dayton, O hio...........................................................
Denver, C o lo .......... ................................................
92
95
107
103
99
93
93
108
105
99
92
96
101
96
100
93
94
107
100
100
Des Moines, Iow a...................................................
Detroit, M ic h ...........................................................
Durham, N .C ...........................................................
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood and West Palm
Beach, F la ...........................................................
Fort Worth, T e x ......................................................
87
118
92
88
124
—
88
112
—
89
116
—
93
90
93
85
—
—
—
94
99
—
95
Green Bay, W is .......................................................
Greenville, S.C ........................................................
Houston, T e x ..........................................................
Huntsville, A la .........................................................
Indianapolis, Ind......................................................
93
85
98
93
97
94
82
97
92
86
99
_
_
—
98
—
—
—
102
92
96
_
—
—
—
103
Jackson, M is s.........................................................
Jacksonville, F la ......................................................
Kansas City, M o .-K a n s..........................................
Lawrence-Haverhill, Mass.-N. H ............................
Lexington, K y ..........................................................
85
91
97
97
89
_
93
86
92
99
91
101
—
93
101
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Little Rock-North Little Rock, A r k ..........................
Los Angeles-Long Beach and Anaheim-Santa
Ana-Garden Grove, C a lif....................................
Louisville, Ky.-lnd......... ..........................................
Lubbock, T e x ..........................................................
Manchester, N .H .....................................................
83
85
82
85
107
95
86
86
108
95
107
93
88
—
105
97
_
—
—
—
—
—
See footnotes at end of table
244
—
96
_
—
99
_
—
103
96
101
_
—
94
94
—
—
99
101
100
100
91
107
102
98
_
119
—
89
111
—
102
114
—
101
117
—
100
124
80
110
122
90
86
115
—
87
92
89
95
74
81
88
88
70
71
94
72
97
92
104
94
72
97
_
106
107
71
75
67
102
107
64
89
66
105
102
78
70
_
97
76
90
103
_
—
81
89
105
89
86
—
66
76
110
93
71
69
79
108
87
80
64
78
109
98
—
-
-
94
91
72
70
75
105
101
_
105
—
_
—
103
100
_
—
103
102
_
115
98
70
81
101
102
68
72
123
88
67
99
_
—
—
—
—
90
_
—
Table 107. Interarea pay comparisons1 relative pay levels by industry division, selected periods,
—
1961-78— Continued
Office clerical
Period and area
M A R C H 1 9 7 3 -F E B R U A R Y 1974— Contin ued
All
indus
tries
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
Electronic data processing
Nonmanufacturing
indus
tries
All
indus
tries
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
Nonmanufacturing
indus
tries
Skilled
maintenance
All
indus
tries
Unskilled plant
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
All
indus
tries
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
Nonmanufacturing
indus
tries
Average pay levels for each industry and occupational group in 229 Standard Metropolitan
Statistical A re a s= 100— Continued
_
Melbourne-Titusville-Cocoa, F la ...........................
Memphis, T enn.-Ark..............................................
Miami, Fla...............................................................
Midland and Odessa, T e x......................................
Milwaukee, W is.......................................................
93
92
97
96
99
_
90
91
—
97
97
93
100
100
100
_
—
98
—
95
—
—
—
93
_
—
100
—
97
_
95
93
—
105
_
93
86
—
106
_
77
75
67
103
_
88
73
—
107
_
69
77
—
100
Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn....................................
Muskegon-Muskegon Heights, M ich .....................
Newark and Jersey City, N .J .................................
New Haven, C o nn..................................................
New Orleans, L a ....................................................
95
99
103
99
90
89
96
102
92
94
98
103
102
90
96
—
104
96
—
105
94
—
105
92
107
91
99
89
91
106
91
97
88
92
113
111
108
83
70
106
109
106
93
89
117
—
109
70
66
New York and Nassau-Suffolk, N .Y ......................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsmouth and Newport
News-Hampton, V a ............................................
Oklahoma City, O kla..............................................
Omaha, N ebr.-low a...............................................
Paterson-Clifton-Passaic, N .J................................
108
105
110
109
107
110
100
100
115
104
120
85
89
92
99
—
88
—
97
83
90
93
99
—
89
93
104
—
—
—
—
—
—
95
—
90
95
93
97
88
—
94
96
74
76
86
104
79
80
96
93
72
76
85
111
Philadelphia, P a .-N .J..............................................
Phoenix, A riz...........................................................
Pittsburgh, P a .............. ..........................................
Portland, M ain e......................................................
Portland, Oreg.-W ash.............................................
97
90
102
86
98
98
96
105
96
88
99
86
101
99
98
97
96
101
100
100
94
90
95
89
99
97
99
99
80
105
96
100
100
80
107
103
82
107
89
118
99
81
107
79
109
105
84
104
92
122
Poughkeepsie-Kingston-Newburgh, N .Y ...............
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket, R. I.-M a ss..........
Raleigh, N .C...........................................................
Richmond, V a .........................................................
Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, C a lif...............
105
89
90
92
102
87
86
93
91
92
92
104
88
_
_
82
91
96
88
86
86
96
100
97
102
88
83
75
79
98
80
77
72
85
97
88
75
75
95
Rockford, III.............................................................
St. Louis, M o .-lll......................................................
Salt Lake City, Utah........ ........................................
San Antonio, T e x ....................................................
San Diego, C a lif......................................................
93
100
89
80
102
91
99
87
79
105
100
90
81
99
88
98
92
86
101
87
94
101
95
105
95
96
106
92
—
—
—
—
—
—
103
105
113
107
85
62
106
103
108
81
66
—
104
89
61
—
San Francisco-Oakland, C a lif................................
San Jose, C a lif........................................................
Savannah, G a ..........................................................
Scranton, P a ...........................................................
Seattle-Everett, W ash .............................................
111
111
95
88
101
109
108
112
109
108
110
109
113
—
117
109
87
85
106
116
110
88
81
106
131
115
73
96
125
124
109
76
85
116
136
118
Sioux Falls, S. D a k .................................................
South Bend, Ind..................................................
Spokane, Wash.......................................................
Tampa-St. Petersburg, F la .....................................
Toledo, O hio -M ich..................................................
91
91
95
87
104
97
97
102
103
87
104
86
105
99
107
110
71
118
85
96
111
68
117
Trenton, N .J............................................................
Washington, D .C .-M d .-V a ......................................
Waterbury, C o n n .....................................................
Waterloo, Iow a........................................................
Wichita, K ans..........................................................
99
105
96
108
95
95
106
94
95
98
90
94
99
88
91
96
84
88
89
88
96
87
81
128
95
94
93
Worcester, M a s s .....................................................
York, P a...................................................................
Youngstown-Warren, O h io .....................................
95
89
101
86
87
108
87
85
109
97
96
111
97
88
115
100
101
102
104
103
86
98
93
97
100
—
97
91
100
97
—
120
105
91
85
64
115
99
91
—
_
_
91
—
_
—
—
—
—
106
107
—
87
101
88
100
—
—
—
98
—
99
92
91
95
89
97
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
95
95
-
107
97
100
_
_
101
83
105
_
_
_
91
94
_
_
_
_
102
100
_
_
_
111
104
94
—
_
92
93
89
107
95
97
102
105
101
105
87
94
_
78
110
—
105
127
_
A U G U S T 197 5 -JU LY 1976
Akron, O hio.............................................................
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, N .Y ..............................
Anaheim -Santa Ana-G arden Grove, Calif..............
Atlanta, G a ..............................................................
Austin, T e x ..............................................................
_
105
102
—
See footnotes at end of table.
245
_
_
_
108
—
92
—
104
99
90
86
—
Table 107. Interarea pay comparisons ‘ — relative pay levels by industry division, selected periods,
1961-78— Continued
Office clerical
Period and area
A U G U S T 1 975-JU LY 1976— Contin ued
All
indus
tries
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
Electronic data processing
Nonmanufacturing
indus
tries
All
indus
tries
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
Nonmanufacturing
indus
tries
101
90
96
93
98
107
92
97
96
93
100
92
97
Buffalo, N .Y....................
Canton, O hio...................
Chattanooga, Tenn.-Ga..
Chicago, III.....................
Cincinnati, Ohio-Ky.-Ind..
103
96
87
105
97
106
96
89
102
96
96
94
85
107
97
99
95
89
104
99
Cleveland, O hio ...........................
Columbus, O hio ...........................
Corpus Christi, T e x .....................
Dallas-Fort Worth, T e x ...............
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline, l«
101
94
91
95
113
100
93
100
95
103
92
—
—
—
—
—
95
116
96
105
95
—
96
—
Dayton, O hio ..........................
Daytona Beach, F la ...............
Denver-Boulder, C o lo ............
Detroit, M ic h ..........................
Fort Lauderdale-Hollywood and
B each -B oca Raton, F la .....
101
101
96
97
—
—
—
—
99
118
99
130
101
110
103
117
95
-
94
92
87
94
93
86
___
—
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
All
indus
tries
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
103
—
97
93
87
91
80
73
94
106
98
83
109
98
106
99
84
107
99
94
—
104
98
99
94
111
98
—
—
—
—
120
107
111
-
-
-
93
___
___
___
—
—
—
—
97
91
82
91
95
87
—
—
—
91
89
93
—
—
___
—
99
89
99
101
103
103
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
93
98
80
95
94
___
95
—
—
—
96
—
—
103
—
105
100
101
105
94
—
—
Hartford, C o nn....
Houston, T e x .....
Huntsville, A la ....
Indianapolis, Ind..
Jackson, M is s ....
94
101
94
97
87
96
100
92
102
94
101
—
95
103
—
—
—
—
—
101
—
92
89
95
87
—
91
87
Jacksonville, F la ...........................
Kansas City, M o .-K a n s................
Lexington-Fayette, K y ..................
Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif....
Louisville, Ky.-lnd.........................
92
99
92
106
97
___
93
101
—
95
101
—
—
—
107
97
94
101
89
106
96
104
98
103
—
105
—
Melbourne-Titusville-Cocoa, F la .
Memphis, T en n-A rk.-M iss..........
Miami, Fla....................................
Milwaukee, W is............................
Minneapolis-St. Paul, M inn-W is..
99
92
99
100
94
106
93
102
101
99
___
___
___
92
91
98
87
86
99
98
98
—
—
—
101
100
97
Nassau-Suffolk, N .Y ...................
Newark, N .J ................................
New Orleans, L a .........................
New York, N .Y -N .J.....................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsmouth, V a .-N .C .
95
104
90
107
85
93
99
94
104
Northeast Pennsylvania..............
Oklahoma City, O k la...................
Omaha, N eb r-low a.....................
Paterson-Clifton-Passaic, N .J.....
Philadelphia, P a .-N .J..................
81
90
96
101
98
Pittsburgh, P a ..............
Portland, M e ................
Portland, Oreg.-Wash...
Poughkeepsie, N .Y .
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket, R.I.-M ass..
Raleigh-Durham, N.C.,
Richmond, V a .............
Sacramento, Calif.......
See
footnotes at end of table
All
indus
tries
Unskilled plant
Nonmanufacturing
indus
tries
Average pay levels for each industry and occupational group in 262 Standard Metropolitan Statistical
Areas = 100— Continued
Baltimore, M d ............
Billings, M o n t.............
Binghamton, N.Y.-Pa..
Birmingham, A la ........
Boston, M ass.............
Fresno, C a lif....................................................
Gainesville, F la ................................................
Green Bay, W is ...............................................
Greensboro-W inston-Salem -High Point, N.C..
Greenville-Spartanburg, S .C ............................
Skillled
mainte nance
95
—
___
—
___
94
97
104
107
90
112
—
98
108
91
110
85
—
—
—
82
91
94
98
100
81
91
98
101
96
___
___
___
—
—
—
105
86
101
109
102
88
104
—
—
—
86
83
90
92
102
91
94
—
96
—
___
103
—
108
107
109
91
114
—
76
86
92
69
99
107
109
84
116
101
112
105
83
102
106
104
95
73
122
91
106
97
102
94
112
108
89
68
80
124
113
97
88
88
118
101
89
103
104
111
113
86
—
—
—
—
—
98
117
95
128
99
131
96
114
93
-
72
77
72
97
95
___
—
_
71
97
91
71
94
89
72
93
75
99
88
74
98
—
110
80
65
90
79
90
102
81
104
78
91
102
83
105
73
86
75
69
103
69
93
89
64
107
71
87
107
90
103
100
88
104
88
103
102
69
111
76
103
96
83
109
82
93
108
99
115
—
77
—
—
80
71
—
95
65
67
109
—
110
87
___
___
___
_
_
95
108
102
78
74
107
114
89
75
113
107
69
75
97
115
90
99
92
99
91
88
98
94
96
89
99
99
72
122
72
86
103
89
99
77
104
99
70
129
71
81
91
97
94
97
76
87
95
93
97
91
77
87
96
105
78
81
97
94
104
95
78
86
89
104
102
74
109
103
74
110
111
82
113
88
73
96
101
118
85
92
111
—
97
97
96
103
98
98
94
—
—
—
97
—
102
—
—
—
—
—
87
—
—
—
81
77
104
95
118
95
84
90
91
102
91
92
___
___
98
89
—
—
—
89
100
103
88
98
104
76
84
112
246
—
95
91
106
105
88
95
99
101
—
84
—
. —
92
74
77
117
Table 107. Interarea pay comparisons1 relative pay levels by industry division, selected periods,
—
1961-78— Continued
Electronic data processing
Office clerical
Period and area
A U G U S T 1975-JULY 1976— Continued
All
indus
tries
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
Nonmanufacturing
indus
tries
All
indus
tries
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
Nonmanufacturing
indus
tries
Skilled
maintenance
All
indus
tries
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
Unskilled plant
All
indus
tries
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
Nonmanufacturing
indus
tries
Average pay levels for each industry and occupational group in 262 Standard Metropolitan Statistical
Areas = 100— Continued
Saginaw, M ich...........................................................
St. Louis, Mo.-lll.........................................................
114
99
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
100
99
98
94
101
102
103
140
106
—
110
—
101
Salt
San
San
San
San
Lake City-Ogden, Utah.....................................
Antonio, T e x .......................................................
Diego, Calif.........................................................
Francisco-Oakland, Calif..................................
Jose, Calif...........................................................
90
82
98
111
110
86
—
104
111
110
93
84
96
112
108
95
82
97
107
111
_
—
98
—
110
96
84
—
97
—
102
117
113
95
—
104
117
114
94
67
103
135
119
88
70
—
124
110
94
67
—
139
107
Seattle-Everett, W ash...............................................
South Bend, Ind.........................................................
Stamford, C o n n ..........................................................
Syracuse, N .Y.............................................................
Toledo, Ohio-Mich.....................................................
102
93
107
97
105
_
94
106
97
107
101
92
105
97
97
103
98
110
93
94
110
96
92
94
104
111
96
—
96
105
126
96
95
98
120
124
99
92
104
114
123
—
—
87
113
94
—
98
102
88
84
89
97
102
87
85
85
91
80
88
96
103
94
97
98
87
91
104
102
91
98
96
101
100
90
101
93
103
124
107
90
86
93
118
99
91
94
98
106
103
85
86
89
—
89
93
109
99
—
90
92
111
101
—
71
89
110
114
—
85
87
112
108
67
93
106
100
83
108
98
107
97
83
105
97
108
95
84
121
84
101
103
116
98
128
89
102
96
100
92
114
107
—
69
78
133
108
81
92
83
122
94
131
92
—
105
101
133
83
64
90
90
—
104
92
95
105
—
—
—
—
99
105
96
95
89
95
107
96
93
90
106
94
96
87
102
101
94
92
—
_
—
—
—
Akron, Ohio.................................................................
Albany-Schenectady-Troy, N .Y ...............................
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden Grove, Calif...............
Atlanta, G a .................................................................
Baltimore, M d ............................................................
105
102
106
102
105
102
—
103
—
107
103
102
105
105
104
105
—
110
105
97
102
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
108
97
Billings, Mont.............................................................
Birmingham, A la .........................................................
Boston, M ass.............................................................
Buffalo, N.Y................................................................
Canton, Ohio..............................................................
90
93
97
98
99
—
98
94
103
99
90
93
99
90
—
—
96
92
95
97
—
—
92
—
—
97
93
—
—
—
Chattanooga, T en n.-G a............................................
Chicago, III.................................................................
Cincinnati, Ohio-Ky.-Ind............................................
Cleveland, Ohio..........................................................
Columbus, Ohio..........................................................
86
105
97
101
94
87
101
96
102
91
85
107
96
100
97
92
102
93
105
90
, —
98
—
101
—
104
94
107
93
Corpus Christi, T e x ....................................................
Dallas-Fort Worth, T e x .............................................
Davenport-Rock Island-Moline, Iowa-Ill..................
Dayton, Ohio..............................................................
Daytona Beach, F la ...................................................
86
94
122
96
—
_
124
95
—
_
94
110
91
—
Denver-Boulder, Colo................................................
Detroit, M ich ...............................................................
Fresno, C a lif..............................................................
Gainesville, F la ...........................................................
Green Bay, W is..........................................................
100
119
91
—
95
99
102
129
111
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High Point, N .C .........
Greenville-Spartanburg, S .C .....................................
Hartford, Conn............................................................
Houston, T e x ..............................................................
Huntsville, Ala.............................................................
97
87
91
103
92
95
83
93
102
—
Indianapolis, Ind.........................................................
Jackson, M iss.............................................................
Jacksonville, Fla.........................................................
Kansas City, M o.-K ans.............................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif...............................
97
86
93
98
109
Louisville, Ky.-lnd.......................................................
Memphis, Tenn.-Ark.-Miss.......................................
Miami, Fla...................................................................
Milwaukee, Wis...........................................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn.-Wis..............................
Trenton, N .J................................................................
Washington, D .C .-M d.-V a ........................................
Wichita, Kans..............................................................
Worcester, M ass........................................................
York, Pa......................................................................
_
_
108
—
—
_
102
—
_
80
80
—
JA N U A R Y 1978-D ECEM BER 1978
95
99
110
95
—
_
_
_
99
96
98
—
98
—
—
96
—
95
—
—
—
93
113
105
—
_
105
99
111
116
95
—
96
98
117
95
—
95
94
70
89
103
—
89
70
90
102
—
88
74
85
75
72
66
82
—
79
72
—
111
—
_
76
—
92
—
94
117
85
72
—
92
—
102
116
—
—
—
—
96
90
104
92
95
91
94
104
—
107
—
—
92
107
92
89
95
101
109
94
83
95
100
105
_
88
—
—
—
104
84
97
101
105
106
80
96
106
102
108
76
97
104
100
107
71
74
114
97
108
73
87
115
87
101
70
72
106
102
97
96
97
96
95
_
—
—
98
97
102
100
107
106
94
99
103
96
—
96
89
96
96
105
103
96
_
99
96
98
101
100
97
100
76
74
106
113
113
89
67
107
108
79
71
78
101
113
94
—
—
—
88
88
See footnotes at end of table
—
—
247
118
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
94
—
—
—
106
—
—
—
—
86
107
104
107
102
88
—
113
Table 107. Interarea pay comparisons1 relative pay levels by industry division, selected periods,
—
1961-78— Continued
Office clerical
Period and area
JA N U A R Y 19 7 8 -D E C E M B E R 1978— Contin ued
All
indus
tries
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
Electronic data processing
Nonmanufacturing
indus
tries
All
indus
tries
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
Nonmanufacturing
indus
tries
Skilled
maintenance
All
indus
tries
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
Unskilled plant
All
indus
tries
Manu
factur
ing
indus
tries
Nonmanufacturing
indus
tries
Average pay levels for each industry and occupational group in 262 Standard Metropolitan
Statistical Areas = 100— Continued
Nassau-Suffolk, N .Y ...................... ........................
Newark, N .J ............................................................
New Orleans, L a .....................................................
New York, N .Y .-N .J................................................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsmouth, V a .-N .C ........
94
104
89
103
85
91
101
—
103
—■
95
106
90
105
85
100
104
—
109
—
_
103
—
108
—
102
106
—
110
—
88
97
96
98
92
86
95
101
96
90
88
97
72
118
77
84
95
93
94
77
87
102
69
128
75
Northeast Pennsylvania..........................................
Oklahoma City, O k la ...............................................
Omaha, N e b .-lo w a .................................................
Paterson-Clifton-Passaic, N .J................................
Philadelphia, P a .-N .J..............................................
84
94
95
97
98
82
86
96
94
100
87
97
96
97
95
_
91
—
98
99
_
—
—
—
98
_
94
—
—
99
85
87
97
88
97
81
82
94
89
98
97
75
87
91
106
83
77
101
83
105
105
78
81
93
99
Pittsburgh, P a .....................................................
Portland, M e ...........................................................
Portland, O reg.-W ash.............................................
Poughkeepsie, N .Y .................................................
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket, R. I.-M ass...........
105
88
107
—
87
108
—
100
—
85
102
89
111
—
88
100
—
93
88
103
—
.—
—
_
94
—
94
—
_
104
72
108
—
78
105
70
108
—
78
104
99
121
89
80
114
81
115
84
72
93
103
118
—
85
Richmond, V a ..........................................................
Sacramento, Calif....................................................
Saginaw, M ic h .........................................................
St. Louis, M o .-lll......................................................
Salt Lake City-Ogden, U ta h ...................................
92
108
116
100
91
93
—
—
98
89
91
109
—
100
93
95
—
—
96
94
—
—
90
—
93
—
—
102
96
99
—
—
101
95
100
—
—
103
94
85
112
148
106
93
90
110
—
111
80
81
117
—
101
98
San Antonio, T e x ....................................................
San Diego, C a lif......................................................
San Francisco-Oakland, C a lif................................
San Jose, C a lif........................................................
Seattle-Everett, W ash .................... ........................
84
99
111
109
111
_
102
109
107
—
86
97
113
109
111
_
98
102
114
97
_
69
94
131
118
124
67
122
71
87
134
121
124
South Bend, Ind......................................................
Toledo, O h io -M ich ..................................................
Trenton, N .J............................................................
Utica-Rome, N .Y .....................................................
Washington, D .C .-M d .-V a ......................................
99
106
96
90
104
94
109
96
93
—
_
101
92
85
107
96
97
94
91
102
108
118
93
87
97
Wichita, Kans..........................................................
Worcester, M a s s .....................................................
York, P a...................................................................
98
95
91
98
92
90
95
97
—
95
96
—
92
82
93
—
_
_
_
99
112
—
96
101
109
99
102
118
109
111
98
106
99
86
104
98
106
86
—
104
125
89
92
79
90
84
87
90
84
84
83
95
105
—
_
_
98
—
—
—
—
—
—
103
___
___
—
99
—
—
—
118
110
111
—
—
—
120
_
118
—
—
81
79
—
103
1 In computing the data used in the wage comparisons, aggregates for all expressed as percentages of like groups in all metropolitan areas com
bined, adjusted for differences in survey timing.
industries combined and for manufacturing and nonmanufacturing separate
2 Estimates relate to Feb. 1967.
ly for each area were compiled by multiplying the average weekly salary for
3 Limited to the New York portion of the SM SA.
selected office jobs and the average straight-time hourly earnings for se
4 Earnings information not collected for plant occupations.
lected skilled maintenance and unskilled plant jobs by the all-industry em
5 Estimates relate to Apr. 1970.
ployment in the job in all Standard Metropolitan Areas combined. For pur
poses of this comparison, aggregates for each job and industry group are
N o t e : Dashes indicate data do not meet publication criteria.
248
Table 108. Percent increases in average straight-time hourly earnings,1 selected occupational groups
in metropolitan areas, 1973-782
Office clerical 3
Region and area
Manufacturing
All industries
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
Northeast
A lbany-Schenectady-Troy............................................
Boston....................................... r...................................
Buffalo...........................................................................
Hartford.........................................................................
N assau-Suffolk.............................................................
Newark..........................................................................
New Y o rk ......................................................................
Northeast Pennsylvania................................................
P aterson-Clifton-Passaic.............................................
Philadelphia...................................................................
Pittsburgh......................................................................
Portland.........................................................................
Poughkeepsie................................................................
Providence-W arwick-Pawtucket...................................
Trenton..........................................................................
W orcester.....................................................................
Y o rk ...............................................................................
6.3
5.5
6.4
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
5.9
6.7
5.8
(4)
5.6
7.0
6.1
4.9
7.3
7.6
8.2
(4)
<
4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
9.0
5.9
8.5
(4)
6.0
8.1
7.0
5.1
8.6
8.1
8.1
(4)
<
4)
(4)
(4)
6.7
(4)
7.9
11.1
7.6
(4)
8.1
8.1
8.4
9.6
10.4
6.9
7.0
6.4
6.0
7.5
6.3
10.0
8.7
7.1
9.7
7.0
(4)
6.8
7.5
8.3
7.5
5.8
6.4
7.6
6.3
6.5
6.0
5.8
7.4
6.6
7.1
8.0
9.0
(4)
6.7
6.7
6.8
6.8
6.5
6.0
8.5
5.6
5.0
7.3
5.8
6.8
6.0
6.7
7.7
8.2
(4)
7.7
9.1
7.2
8.8
(4)
5.9
6.6
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
6.5
6.9
(4)
(4)
5.4
5.8
6.3
5.3
(4)
7.2
9.0
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
9.8
5.8
(4)
(4)
6.5
8.3
(4)
5.5
(4)
7.7
9.2
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.1
(4)
8.3
12.7
(4)
(4)
7.1
7.5
10.6
9.5
6.6
5.9
6.3
6.2
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
4.9
3.6
5.7
7.9
5.4
8.2
7.6
4.8
(4)
5.5
5.8
5.2
5.4
7.2
8.9
7.2
9.3
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
6.5
7.4
6.7
9.2
9.9
8.7
9.4
6.9
(4)
8.2
7.8
9.9
6.4
10.2
9.4
9.6
7.5
(4)
8.2
(4)
(4)
7.3
(4)
11.9
6.9
8.3
9.3
8.9
7.6
6.8
9.1
(4)
8.8
9.0
8.6
7.8
7.2
7.8
9.3
6.3
5.8
6.8
(4)
(4)
7.8
7.9
7.8
7.6
8.2
7.3
7.6
7.1
5.9
7.8
6.4
7.3
6.5
8.3
7.0
6.8
5.8
5.8
6.9
6.6
7.0
(4)
(4)
8.6
7.7
7.4
7.7
5.6
6.8
6.3
7.5
7.0
6.8
7.7
7.9
5.6
6.0
7.0
6.5
8.1
7.0
6.5
(4)
7.5
(4)
(4)
6.2
8.0
9.1
8.1
6.9
7.8
7.9
9.1
5.3
7.1
7.7
8.9
6.9
7.8
7.9
6.3
5.3
5.6
5.8
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
4.9
(4)
(4)
(4)
5.0
5.6
8.2
6.0
(4)
6.2
4.5
(4)
(4)
6.3
9.7
(4)
8.9
(4)
<
4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
4.9
(4)
(4)
(4)
9.2
9.9
(4)
7.7
(4)
10.8
8.9
(4)
(4)
11.2
11.3
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.4
(4)
(4)
8.1
(4)
12.7
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.0
8.6
7.1
(4)
(4)
8.9
10.0
(4)
(4)
6.4
5.3
5.7
5.2
5.6
6.6
5.4
6.0
5.3
6.8
6.3
6.6
5.5
5.1
6.2
(4)
7.4
4.7
4.7
4.6
9.1
8.2
6.8
6.7
8.8
8.6
7.6
7.7
7.1
7.9
8.6
8.0
7.2
6.2
9.6
(4)
6.2
6.3
6.6
6.8
6.3
11.9
8.5
9.1
8.0
10.0
10.7
7.2
10.5
10.0
8.4
8.8
9.5
8.6
8.8
7.9
9.0
6.1
10.2
9.6
10.8
9.7
7.8
8.1
7.1
6.6
9.7
6.2
7.7
8.8
6.4
8.1
8.3
7.7
6.8
7.2
8.0
7.6
7.1
8.3
8.3
(4)
8.0
6.8
7.5
7.1
9.1
6.6
7.6
7.1
7.0
6.4
7.2
7.9
7.9
6.7
6.9
8.0
6.8
7.8
8.8
7.6
7.1
6.9
7.6
6.8
11.2
7.5
6.5
7.8
6.4
8.8
7.8
8.0
7.4
9.4
6.9
8.8
9.4
7.8
5.6
4.3
5.7
5.3
5.5
6.4
4.8
6.4
4.3
5.8
6.8
5.8
5.0
4.2
(4)
(4)
8.3
3.3
4.5
4.7
6.9
7.7
6.7
7.0
8.5
7.9
7.3
7.6
7.1
7.8
8.9
8.7
7.0
5.4
(4)
(4)
6.6
7.4
6.3
6.0
(4)
(4)
7.2
(4)
(4)
(4)
10.5
(4)
8.1
6.5
9.0
(4)
6.6
9.1
7.0
7.8
7.7
8.1
7.7
6.7
8.6
7.6
7.8
6.8
(4)
(4)
6.7
(4)
(4)
(4)
11.2
(4)
(4)
• 8.2
7.2
6.4
6.1
6.4
7.3
7.3
9.7
7.4
10.0
(4)
(4)
7.3
7.3
8.5
7.1
(4)
7.1
8.0
6.5
6.5
6.5
7.1
8.5
7.6
8.7
8.5
(4)
(4)
7.0
7.9
6.5
6.4
(4)
5.9
9.9
5.7
5.8
8.4
6.4
7.0
6.3
7.0
8.4
(4)
(4)
7.9
8.9
6.6
9.4
6.6
8.3
10.1 •
7.4
(4)
7.1
(4)
(4)
7.5
8.8
8.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.0
7.5
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.5
5.4
(4)
(4)
6.7
6.4
7.1
8.6
(4)
7.4
(4)
(4)
9.9
8.5
8.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.3
7.5
(4)
(4)
(4)
6.7
7.2
(4)
(4)
(4)
10.4
7.3
7.5
(4)
7.1
(4)
(4)
5.2
8.3
8.8
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.9
8.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.6
7.3
(4)
(4)
6.2
13.3
9.0
8.9
8.3
8.4
10.4
7.4
12.3
11.5
8.5
9.3
9.4
7.7
(4)
(4)
10.0
5.2
10.8
10.3
11.8
10.3
7.6
8.6
7.7
7.2
10.7
7.0
7.4
(4)
6.4
7.0
7.7
7.9
(4)
(4)
7.9
7.6
6.9
8.8
9.1
(4)
8.1
7.3
7.0
7.1
8.9
6.6
7.9
(4)
7.5
7.1
7.9
8.1
(4)
(4)
6.7
8.5
7.5
7.4
8.4
7.6
7.5
7.4
7.8
6.5
12.2
7.4
5.9
(4)
5.8
7.2
6.2
7.1
(4)
(4)
6.4
8.4
8.9
8.3
8.6
(4)
9.2
(4)
6.2
(4)
6.8
(4)
7.5
(4)
6.7
(4)
7.9
(4)
(4)
(4)
South
Atlanta...........................................................................
Baltimore.......................................................................
Birmingham...................................................................
Chattanooga..................................................................
Corpus Christi................................................................
Dallas-Fort W orth.........................................................
Daytona B e a c h .............................................................
G ainesville....................................................................
Greensboro-W inston-Salem -High P oint......................
Greenville-Spartanburg.................................................
Houston.........................................................................
Huntsville......................................................................
Jackso n.........................................................................
Jacksonville...................................................................
Louisville.......................................................................
M em phis.......................................................................
Miami.............................................................................
New O rle a n s.................................................................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsm outh..............................
Oklahoma City...............................................................
Richmond......................................................................
San Antonio...................................................................
Washington...................................................................
North Central
A kron.............................................................................
Canton...........................................................................
C hicago.........................................................................
Cincinnati......................................................................
Cleveland......................................................................
Colum bus......................................................................
Davenport-Rock Island-M oline....................................
Dayton...........................................................................
Detroit............................................................................
Green B a y .....................................................................
Indianapolis...................................................................
Kansas C ity ...................................................................
Milwaukee.....................................................................
Minneapolis-St. P au l.....................................................
O m a h a ..........................................................................
Sag in aw ........................................................................
St. Louis........................................................................
South Bend....................................................................
T o ledo ...........................................................................
W ichita..........................................................................
W est
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden G ro v e .............................
Billings...........................................................................
Denver-Boulder............................................................
Fresno.............................................................. .............
249
Table 108. Percent increases in average straight-time hourly earnings,1 selected occupational groups
in metropolitan areas, 1973-782 Continued
—
Office c le ric a l*
Region and area
All industries
1974
1973
1975
1976
Manufacturing
1977
1978
1974
1973
1975
1976
1977
1978
W est— C ontinued
Los Angeles-Long B each.............................................
Portland.........................................................................
Sacram ento...................................................................
Salt Lake C ity-O g d en........ ..........................................
San Diego.....................................................................
San Francisco-O akland................................................
San Jo s e .......................................................................
Seattle-Everett..............................................................
(4)
5.4
(4)
5.5
5.1
5.7
6.0
4.8
7.0
9.0
(4)
9.9
7.7
6.7
6.9
6.6
7.3
8.3
6.6
8.1
6.7
8.0
8.1
9.1
8.6
10.3
8.3
9.0
8.5
10.0
10.7
9.4
7.4
9.2
8.8
7.4
5.6
6.7
7.4
. 8.1
7.8
8.5
6.9
8.2
7.9
6.9
7.2
9.6
(4)
4.7
6.7
8.0
8.7
10.8
7.7
8.7
(4)
(4)
4.8
5.6
5.9
7.7
(4)
(4)
7.1
7.1
7.1
(4)
(4)
7.8
10.0
12.2
10.6
(4)
(4)
8.9
7.6
7.6
8.4
(4)
7.2
(4)
(4)
7.4
5.8
6.9
8.0
(4)
6.9
(4)
(4)
9.1
7.7
7.7
6.8
(4)
Electronic data p rocessin g 5
All industries
1974
1975
1976
Manufacturing
1977
1978
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
Northeast
Albany-Schenectady-Troy...........................................
Boston...........................................................................
Buffalo...........................................................................
Hartford.........................................................................
N assau-Suffolk.............................................................
Newark..........................................................................
New Y o rk ......................................................................
Northeast Pennsylvania................................................
P aterson -C lifton-Passaic.............................................
Philadelphia...................................................................
Pittsburgh......................................................................
Portland.........................................................................
Poughkeepsie................................................................
Providence-W arwick-Pawtucket...................................
Trenton..........................................................................
W orcester.....................................................................
Y o rk ...............................................................................
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
6.3
7.7
(4)
(4)
(4)
6.5
8.8
(4)
(4)
6.1
6.9
5.7
6.2
7.0
6.8
5.8
5.9
5.3
5.1
5.1
5.8
7.4
9.5
(4)
7.7
9.0
(4)
(4)
6.9
8.5
(4)
5.9
7.3
(4)
7.7
7.4
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
10.5
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.1
11.3
(4)
(4)
7.0
8.8
9.3
(4)
8.0
6.7
6.7
(4)
(4)
6.6
5.9
6.1
(4)
6.5
7.4
8.4
(4)
(4)
6.8
7.2
5.9
(4)
6.7
6.3
7.3
5.7
8.4
5.3
6.2
7.9
6.2
7.8
12.6
(4)
7.2
2.7
11.0
(4)
(4)
9.9
(4)
9.5
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.9
8.0
6.7
9.6
(4)
(4)
7.0
(4)
(4)
(4)
10.6
8.5
8.9
7.3
(4)
9.2
(4)
(4)
4.6
(4)
10.6
(4)
(4)
6.7
6.8
4.1
3.5
7.2
(4)
7.6
7.3
2.6
7.9
8.2
8.1
9.6
6.8
(4)
6.6
(4)
(4)
5.5
7.6
6.3
(4)
(4)
6.1
8.3
9.5
6.0
7.5
(4)
8.7
4.7
3.0
6.3
7.3
6.5
7.2
7.4
(4)
6.6
(4)
(4)
6.9
5.8
5.8
(4)
(4)
6.3
8.9
7.6
8.5
7.8
(4)
9.7
7.0
7.3
6.5
9.4
7.6
8.2
10.7
(4)
8.4
(4)
(4)
6.7
8.6
12.1
(4)
7.1
9.6
9.1
7.7
4.8
10.0
(4)
7.8
8.0
6.9
5.5
(4)
9.9
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
10.5
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.6
(4)
(4)
7.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.5
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.9
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.0
(4)
(4)
7.4
7.4
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
4.8
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
6.9
(4)
(4)
7.6
8.2
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
5.3
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
10.1
(4)
(4)
5.3
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.8
(4)
(4)
7.7
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.7
8.4
(4)
6.6
5.9
11.4
7.6
10.1
8.4
6.6
11.1
7.4
10.4
8.8
7.7
6.8
6.8
6.2
7.8
3.9
7.6
7.7
6.9
7.1
8.7
6.5
9.0
8.0
7.9
6.7
7.6
7.2
7.5
9.2
9.4
6.1
6.8
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.4
(4)
(4)
6.7
5.6
(4)
9.6
9.5
7.8
(4)
(4)
8.3
10.6
(4)
7.6
6.6
7.9
(4)
(4)
4.8
8.7
(4)
6.3
(4)
6.5
(4)
(4)
7.1
7.5
(4)
7.1
(4)
7.1
(4)
(4)
6.2
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
9.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
9.0
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
4.0
6.4
5.3
6.6
7.6
6.3
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
6.8
12.0
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.0
5.7
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.1
10.4
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.4
6.7
7.9
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
South
Atlanta...........................................................................
Baltimore.......................................................................
Birmingham...................................................................
Chattanooga..................................................................
Corpus Christi................................................................
Dallas-Forth Worth.......................................................
Daytona B e a c h .............................................................
G ainesville....................................................................
Greensboro-W inston-Salem -High P oint......................
Greenville-Spartanburg.................................................
Houston.........................................................................
H untsville......................................................................
Jackso n...................... ..... ............................ ...............
Jackso nville...................................................................
Louisville.......................................................................
M em phis.......................................................................
Miami.............................................................................
New O rle a n s.................................................................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsm outh..............................
Oklahoma City...............................................................
Richmond......................................................................
San Antonio...................................................................
Washington................................. ..................................
North Central
Akron.............................................................................
Canton...........................................................................
C hicago.........................................................................
Cincinnati......................................................................
Cleveland.......................................................................
Colum bus......................................................................
Davenport-Rock Island-M oline....................................
Dayton...........................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
250
Table 108. Percent increases in average straight-time hourly earnings,1 selected occupational groups
in metropolitan areas, 1973-782— Continued
Electronic data processing 5
Manufacturing
All industries
Region and area
1974
1975
1977
1976
1978
1974
1975
1977
1976
1978
North Central— Continued
Detroit.....................................................
Green B a y ..............................................
Indianapolis............................................
Kansas C ity ............................................
Milwaukee................................................
Minneapolis-St. P au l...............................
O m a h a ....................................................
Sag in aw ..................................................
St. Louis..................................................
South Bend..............................................
T o ledo .....................................................
W ichita....................................................
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
9.7
(4)
9.4
(4)
9.3
6.9
(4)
(4)
8.8
(4)
8.6
(4)
6.7
(4)
4.3
(4)
7.9
5.0
(4)
(4)
6.2
(4)
7.3
(4)
7.8
<
4)
(4)
(4)
7.2
5.8
(4)
(4)
7.0
5.2
8.1
(4)
7.4
(4)
(4)
(4)
6.9
6.5
(4)
(4)
7.2
5.7
8.7
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.5
(4)
(4)
(4)
6.0
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
10.0
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.6
10.9
9.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
6.4
(4)
(4)
(4)
9.6
7.8
7.0
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.2
(4)
6.3
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.8
5.0
7.4
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.8
(4)
8.8
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.7
8.1
7.6
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.6
6.8
(4)
(4)
9.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
9.5
(4)
7.6
8.7
9.3
8.4
9.6
(4)
9.2
8.7
7.5
10.1
7.0
(4)
5.6
6.5
8.0
6.5
6.3
(4)
6.5
7.3
7.1
7.1
7.0
(4)
5.8
6.5
7.0
5.5
11.4
(4)
7.0
6.8
7.5
4.2
6.8
(4)
8.9
9.3
8.6
7.3
6.9
(4)
7.6
6.2
8.6
7.6
(4)
(4)
6.7
6.9
(4)
(4)
11.0
(4)
7.2
(4)
(4)
9.3
6.8
(4)
(4)
(4)
6.2
(4)
6.6
(4)
8.2
10.4
(4)
8.1
7.7
9.2
9.0
10.8
5.9
(4)
6.5
(4)
7.0
7.7
(4)
6.7
9.8
7.5
7.0
8.0
6.3
(4)
7.4
(4)
6.6
7.9
(4)
9.5
7.2
6.8
6.9
7.4
4.3
(4)
7.1
(4)
9.6
8.5
(4)
6.3
7.9
7.9
7.0
8.2
West
Anaheim-Santa Ana-Garden G ro v e .......
Billings.....................................................
Denver-Boulder......................................
Fresno.....................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach........................
Portland............................................. ......
Sacram ento.............................................
Salt Lake C ity-O gden.............................
San Diego................................................
San Francisco-O akland...........................
San Jo s e ..................................................
Seattle-Everett........................................
Industrial nurses
All industries
1973
1974
1975
1976
Manufacturing
1977
1978
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
Northeast
Albany-Schenectady-T roy.............................................
Boston...........................................................................
Buffalo...........................................................................
Hartford.........................................................................
Nassau-Suffolk..............................................................
Newark..........................................................................
New Y ork......................................................................
Northeast Pennsylvania................................................
Paterson-Clifton-Passaic...............................................
Philadelphia...................................................................
Pittsburgh......................................................................
Portland.........................................................................
Poughkeepsie................................................................
Providence-Warwick-Pawtucket....................................
Trenton..........................................................................
W orcester.....................................................................
Y o rk ...............................................................................
5.7
6.8
6.5
(4)
10.8
6.9
(4)
(4)
6.3
10.3
8.5
7.0
6.5
(4)
8.5
13.5
(4)
(4)
7.3
6.8
(4)
(4)
9.2
7.8
7.8
6.0
3.2
7.1
8.2
8.0
7.4
8.5
9.6
(4)
(4)
5.3
7.4
(4)
(4)
7.2
6.3
8.4
6.5
9.1
7.7
6.4
9.8
6.6
8.5
8.5
(4)
(4)
7.4
8.1
(4)
(4)
6.3
8.5
7.8
10.4
7.2
9.6
6.7
8.5
4.3
9:0
10.2
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.7
(4)
(4)
(4)
10.6
4.9
9.5
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
9.9
(4)
(4)
(4)
11.9
(4)
(4)
8.4
(4)
(4)
9.4
(4)
10.2
10.6
(4)
(4)
9.6
(4)
(')
10.0
(4)
12.2
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.3
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
10.5
(4)
6.9
7.4
(4)
(4)
9.1
(4)
(4)
7.8
9.3
8.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
6.8
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
6.4
(4)
7.5
8.5
(4)
(4)
9.2
(4)
(4)
7.5
7.8
9.5
(4)
(4)
(4)
9.3
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.1
(4)
8.6
5.9
(4)
(4)
9.1
(4)
(4)
5.4
5.6
10.2
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.8
7.0
8.7
7.8
9.7
7.7
8.8
6.6
7.8
3.6
8.5
10.2
(4)
(4)
9.3
8.7
6.9
8.0
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
10.7
6.9
(4)
(4)
6.5
10.3
8.3
7.0
6.5
5.9
8.3
6.2
8.3
7.7
6.8
9.3
6.7
8.7
8.7
(4)
(4)
6.8
8.1
6.1
8.0
7.0
8.1
10.0
(4)
(4)
7.1
(4)
8.6
13.1
(4)
(4)
7.8
6.8
10.3
5.1
9.1
7.4
8.2
6.7
4.8
7.9
6.7
7.6
7.4
8.3
9.5
(4)
(4)
5.5
7.4
10.5
9.7
(4)
7.1
7.4
(4)
(4)
4.8
4.7
4.1
5.8
7.5
10.9
5.6
9.5
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
9.2
(4)
(4)
(4)
11.9
10.9
(4)
8.6
(4)
(4)
8.7
12.2
10.5
10.3
(4)
(4)
9.3
(4)
(4)
10.0
(4)
12.4
(4)
(4)
9.7
8.3
8.7
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
10.0
7.9
6.4
7.4
(4)
(4)
9.0
(4)
(4)
7.9
9.3
8.4
(4)
(4)
9.0
6.8
8.5
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
6.9
6.4
6.8
8.1
(4)
(4)
8.3
(4)
(4)
6.9
7.8
9.8
(4)
(4)
10.5
9.2
10.4
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.0
9.4
8.6
5.7
(4)
(4)
10.2
(4)
(4)
5.8
5.6
9.9
(4)
(4)
9.6
8.3
5.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.3
(4)
6.9
8.5
5.6
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
3.5
(4)
(4)
(4)
6.4
(4)
(4)
5.7
(4)
(4)
5.3
5.4
6.2
6.7
(4)
(4)
7.3
7.5
10.0
9.3
9.2
10.6
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.2
7.3
(4)
(4)
5.0
4.7
4.5
5.8
6.6
6.7
7.8
5.6
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
3.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
6.4
12.0
11.9
4.7
(4)
(4)
5.0
(4)
10.2
9.9
12.0
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
South
Atlanta...........................................................................
Baltimore........................................................................
Birmingham....................................................................
Chattanooga..................................................................
Corpus Christi................................................................
Dallas-Forth W orth........................................................
Daytona B e a c h .............................................................
G ainesville....................................................................
Greensboro-Winston-Salem-High P oin t........................
Greenville-Spartanburg.................................................
Houston.........................................................................
Huntsville........................................................ .............
Jackso n.........................................................................
Jacksonville............. .....................................................
Louisville............................................................... ........
M em phis.......................................................................
Miami.............................................................................
New O rle a n s.................................................................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsm outh..............................
Oklahoma City...............................................................
Richmond......................................................................
251
Table 108. Percent increases in average straight-time hourly earnings,1selected occupational
groups in metropolitan areas, 1973-782 Continued
—
Industrial nurses
Region and area
All industries
1973
1974
1975
1976
Manufacturing
1977
1978
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
South— Continued
San Antonio...................................................................
Washington........................................................... ........
(4)
7.3
(4)
5.2
(4)
6.6
(4)
8.1
(4)
6.9
(4)
8.7
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
5.3
5.9
5.5
4.5
7.5
6.5
4.6
5.4
5.3
(4)
7.9
7.7
5.2
5.9
(4)
(4)
7.7
2.0
6.2
5.6
7.6
8.2
6.5
7.2
10.4
9.5
8.0
9.4
8.8
(4)
10.4
9.7
6.9
5.6
(4)
(4)
6.8
9.1
6.2
7.8
7.7
14.1
9.6
10.4
8.9
10.0
10.4
10.6
13.0
(4)
9.2
10.8
10.3
7.8
(4)
(4)
11.1
6.8
11.7
5.8
11.4
9.0
6.5
9.8
8.0
7.2
15.3
4.4
7.9
(4)
5.2
7.2
8.2
9.9
(4)
(4)
8.8
8.1
7.7
9.9
9.7
8.9
7.7
7.6
8.1
11.0
6.3
6.1
8.5
(4)
11.4
7.5
6.5
8.2
(4)
(4)
8.3
8.9
7.3
8.8
7.3
8.0
8.7
8.7
8.2
8.0
10.1
9.9
8.1
(4)
7.7
8.5
8.6
6.8
11.0
(4)
8.8
8.3
11.0
6.8
5.4
5.6
5.0
4.6
7.3
6.5
4.6
5.2
5.1
(4)
8.0
6.5
5.2
5.4
(4)
(4)
7.7
2.0
5.9
5.4
7.3
8.4
6.4
7.6
10.7
8.3
8.0
9.1
8.8
(4)
10.6
10.9
7.1
6.4
(4)
(4)
6.8
9.1
6.2
7.8
7.5
14.1
9.4
11.0
9.2
9.8
10.4
10.6
13.0
(4)
9.2
11.3
10.5
6.5
(4)
(4)
11.4
6.9
11.8
5.7
11.7
8.8
6.5
10.3
8.3
6.6
15.3
4.0
7.9
(4)
5.4
7.4
7.6
9.8
(4)
(4)
8.8
8.0
7.8
9.9
9.9
9.0
7.1
8.3
8.2
11.5
6.3
6.3
8.7
(4)
11.3
7.6
6.7
9.0
(4)
(4)
8.5
8.9
7.3
8.8
7.7
8.1
9.4
8.4
8.0
7.7
10.1
10.4
7.8
(4)
7.9
8.1
7.9
6.3
(4)
(4)
8.8
8.3
11.0
6.8
(4)
(4)
6.6
(4)
(4)
4.6
(4)
(4)
5.9
6.1
2.5
(4)
(4)
(4)
10.4
(4)
9.3
4.3
(4)
(4)
6.4
7.5
7.4
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.8
(4)
9.2
(4)
(4)
(4)
11.4
11.9
10.6
12.4
(4)
(4)
8.0
(4)
7.8
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.9
10.6
10.1
7.7
(4)
7.6
(4)
7.4
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
6.2
7.6
7.1
6.5
(4)
6.9
(4)
9.6
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
11.7
6.6
5.5
(4)
(4)
6.0
(4)
(4)
3.5
(4)
(4)
5.9
5.9
4.5
(4)
(4)
(4)
12.2
(4)
9.5
4.2
(4)
(4)
6.1
7.8
7.2
(4)
(4)
(4)
5.8
(4)
9.3
(4)
(4)
(4)
11.6
12.8
10.3
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.7
(4)
8.0
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
9.0
11.6
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.6
(4)
7.5
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
5.2
6.9
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.5
(4)
9.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
11.5
(4)
(4)
North Central
Akron.............................................................................
Canton...........................................................................
C hicago.........................................................................
Cincinnati......................................................................
Cleveland......................................................................
Colum bus......................................................................
Davenport-Rock Island-M oline....................................
Dayton...........................................................................
Detroit............................................................................
Green B a y ....................................................................
Indianapolis..................................................................
Kansas C ity ...................................................................
Milwaukee.....................................................................
Minneapolis-St. P au l.....................................................
O m a h a ..........................................................................
S a g in aw ........................................................................
St. Louis........................................................................
South Bend....................................................................
T oledo...........................................................................
W ichita..........................................................................
West
Anaheim -Santa Ana-Garden G ro v e .............................
Billings...........................................................................
Denver-Boulder............................................................
Fresno...........................................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach.............................................
Portland....................................................... .................
Sacram ento..................................................................
Salt Lake City-O g d en...................................................
San Diego.....................................................................
San Francisco-O akland................................................
San Jo s e .......................................................................
Seattle-Everett..............................................................
Skilled m aintenance6
All industries
1973
1974
1975
1976
Manufacturing
1977
1978
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
Northeast
Albany-Schenectady-Troy...........................................
Boston...........................................................................
Buffalo...........................................................................
Hartford.........................................................................
N assau-Suffolk.............................................................
Newark..........................................................................
New Y o rk ......................................................................
Northeast Pennsylvania................................................
P aterson-Clifton-Passaic.............................................
Philadelphia..................................................................
Pittsburgh......................................................................
Portland.........................................................................
Poughkeepsie................................................................
Providence-W arwick-Pawtucket...................................
Trenton.......................... ...............................................
W orcester...................... ...............................................
Y o rk ..............................................................................
6.4
6.6
8.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.1
6.3
8.5
(4)
6.6
7.6
5.0
7.1
6.1
8.5
9.5
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
9.5
7.5
7.6
(4)
6.1
8.5
8.2
5.5
7.7
7.9
9.9
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
6.6
(4)
9.5
13.7
9.0
(4)
8.2
7.2
9.2
10.5
11.7
8.6
10.0
7.9
6.2
8.7
7.9
6.4
7.9
8.8
9.3
8.3
(4)
8.2
6.5
6.8
8.8
7.1
7.3
8.3
7.1
6.6
8.0
6.4
10.4
7.0
8.1
8.0
7.4
(4)
8.1
11.7
7.9
8.4
7.9
7.3
8.1
8.5
7.6
8.3
7.1
8.0
5.5
8.1
11.2
7.9
(4)
7.1
7.1
9.0
7.5
5.9
6.4
8.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.0
5.9
7.9
(4)
6.1
7.5
5.0
6.3
6.0
8.1
9.8
<
4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
9.9
7.6
5.7
(4)
6.1
8.4
8.3
5.6
7.7
7.6
10.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.2
(4)
10.3
14.4
8.4
(4)
7.6
7.1
9.3
11.3
12.2
9.1
10.1
8.2
5.5
7.7
7.8
6.1
8.2
8.7
9.4
6.9
(4)
7.4
6.4
6.6
8.7
7.0
6.6
8.3
7.1
6.7
8.0
7.0
10.5
6.8
8.4
8.0
7.2
(4)
7.7
12.1
7.8
8.3
7.9
7.7
8.1
8.6
7.6
8.3
5.3
8.1
7.0
8.5
11.6
8.3
(4)
7.2
7.0
9.0
7.5
7.3
6.9
5.1
6.3
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.5
9.9
7.7
8.3
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
<
4)
10.2
11.3
14.1
8.1
13.8
8.8
(4)
(4)
8.2
8.7
8.8
8.1
9.1
9.3
7.6
(4)
(4)
9.5
8.6
8.6
6.3
8.6
10.5
8.9
(4)
(4)
9.7
8.1
8.8
5.5
6.7
8.2
8.4
(4)
(4)
9.0
6.7
5.6
5.0
6.3
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.9
10.5
7.5
8.4
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
11.1
12.5
14.8
8.1
14.2
8.6
(4)
(4)
8.8
8.0
9.0
8.2
9.1
9.2
7.9
(4)
(4)
10.5
7.8
7.8
6.1
8.6
10.4
8.3
(4)
(4)
9.9
7.5
9.1
5.3
6.7
8.3
8.1
(4)
(4)
8.2
South
Atlanta...........................................................................
Baltimore.......................................................................
Birmingham......................................................
Chattanooga..................................................................
Corpus Christi.......................................................
Dallas-Fort Worth.........................................................
Daytona B e a c h .............................................................
G ainesville........................................................
Greensboro-W inston-Salem -High P oint......................
See footnotes at end of table.
252
Table 108. Percent increases in average straight-time hourly earnings,1selected occupational
groups in metropolitan areas, 1973-782 Continued
—
Skilled maintenance 6
Manufacturing
All industries
Region and area
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
(4)
5.1
4.8
6.6
8.7
5.8
8.2
7.8
8.0
(4)
7.9
7.8
6.2
6.7
(4)
7.0
8.5
6.5
10.7
11.5
8.5
9.5
6.2
(4)
8.6
9.5
9.1
8.9
(4)
13.1
8.0
7.7
7.1
8.9
9.2
7.3
8.9
(4)
8.7
11.8
6.6
9.5
10.3
11.5
6.3
6.7
8.6
9.1
10.9
5.9
8.5
7.5
9.1
8.8
8.3
7.8
8.0
9.1
8.9
9.9
8.9
8.7
8.3
9.5
10.4
6.2
9.1
9.8
9.4
7.6
6.1
10.4
(4)
9.3
9.0
8.7
9.1
6.3
10.3
9.2
10.2
9.8
6.5
7.9
(4)
4.7
(4)
5.6
8.2
5.3
7.9
6.9
8.5
(4)
(4)
8.3
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.2
(4)
6.8
12.1
12.0
8.4
(4)
5.8
(4)
11.6
9.3
(4)
10.4
(4)
14.4
(4)
7.8
7.7
8.8
9.5
(4)
10.3
(4)
9.8
13.1
(4)
11.3
10.4
11.6
(4)
6.2
9.5
9.5
11.6
4.4
8.6
8.3
8.9
8.1
(4)
6.5
8.0
8.7
(4)
9.5
9.4
9.2
8.2
6.6
11.2
5.3
7.5
10.3
(4)
8.1
6.1
10.8
(4)
9.5
8.6
8.7
9.1
7.6
11.3
10.0
9.9
10.9
(4)
7.2
6.5
5.3
6.2
6.0
7.3
8.0
5.5
6.5
4.9
9.7
7.3
6.2
5.4
6.8
6.4
(4)
7.3
6.7
5.5
6.0
7.5
8.6
8.1
7.3
10.2
8.7
7.9
8.8
8.6
7.1
9.5
9.9
7.6
6.4
11.6
(4)
6.3
7.7
8.0
6.0
5.2
13.0
10.2
10.2
8.1
9.5
12.4
6.8
10.4
9.6
8.7
10.5
11.2
9.2
9.1
(4)
9.7
8.5
10.2
9.4
13.7
11.1
8.2
8.0
6.8
7.3
9.3
7.2
7.2
8.5
8.0
7.4
8.6
8.1
7.6
(4)
7.8
7.3
7.8
11.6
8.4
9.8
8.5
9.3
12.1
10.4
7.7
9.4
9.3
8.5
11.3
10.2
8.6
8.7
9.2
(4)
7.9
11.3
8.9
9.7
8.5
8.2
8.6
8.2
7.5
7.8
11.8
9.6
8.3
10.3
8.1
8.3
8.4
8.2
8.7
(4)
8.2
8.9
9.1
8.1
5.8
5.1
5.2
5.5
7.2
7.5
5.3
6.4
4.8
10.5
7.2
6.6
5.1
6.4
7.0
(4)
7.1
6.3
5.4
5.6
7.5
8.7
8.7
7.1
10.5
9.2
7.8
9.0
8.7
7.5
9.6
10.0
7.4
6.1
9.9
(4)
6.6
8.0
8.1
5.1
5.0
13.3
10.8
10.6
8.3
10.3
12.5
6.6
10.5
9.3
9.1
11.1
11.9
9.0
10.0
(4)
10.1
8.7
10.8
9.0
14.2
11.3
8.1
8.2
6.5
7.5
9.4
7.5
7.1
8.2
7.6
6.5
8.3
8.9
8.3
(4)
7.8
7.4
7.6
12.5
8.3
9.7
8.4
9.0
12.8
9.4
7.5
9.2
9.4
8.2
11.8
11.0
9.1
8.8
8.5
(4)
8.3
11.2
8.9
8.3
8.4
8.2
9.0
8.1
7.5
8.4
12.0
9.8
8.3
10.6
7.9
8.0
8.4
8.1
9.7
(4)
8.2
9.2
9.2
7.9
(4)
(4)
7.5
(4)
(4)
7.0
(4)
9.7
6.0
7.2
6.2
7.2
(4)
(4)
9.2
(4)
7.9
7.3
(4)
11.9
8.1
7.3
7.9
7.0
8.7
16.8
8.7
(4)
8.2
10.6
8.7
9.2
10.4
11.4
13.2
11.6
8.0
8.5
8.0
10.1
7.4
10.3
9.7
8.6
9.0
9.2
9.8
11.0
8.0
8.6
8.6
9.2
8.8
10.0
8.4
7.4
7.3
8.9
8.0
8.1
8.9
6.8
9.4
6.2
8.1
7.1
8.2
9.1
8.9
9.2
7.4
8.0
(4)
(4)
6.5
(4)
(4)
4.7
(4)
7.0
6.3
6.5
5.7
6.8
(4)
(4)
9.3
(4)
8.1
7.8
(4)
15.0
9.6
8.0
7.7
6.4
8.7
(4)
8.9
(4)
8.5
11.3
8.7
9.3
10.0
11.7
12.7
11.7
8.3
(4)
8.1
10.4
7.1
11.6
10.1
9.3
9.1
10.2
9.9
11.5
8.1
(4)
7.6
9.7
8.6
10.0
8.1
6.8
6.5
8.9
7.8
9.2
9.2
(4)
9.7
5.7
8.2
6.5
8.3
9.4
9.1
9.2
7.4
8.2
South— C ontinued
Greenville-Spartanburg.................................................
Houston........ ................................................................
H untsville......................................................................
Jackso n.........................................................................
Jackso nville...................................................................
Louisville.......................................................................
M em phis.......................................................................
Miami.............................................................................
New O rle a n s .................................................................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsm outh..............................
Oklahoma City...............................................................
Richmond.......................................................................
San Antonio...................................................................
Washington....................................................................
N orth Central
Akron.............................................................................
Canton...........................................................................
Chicago.........................................................................
Cincinnati.......................................................................
Cleveland......................................................................
Colum bus......................................................................
Davenport-Rock Island-M oline....................................
Dayton...........................................................................
Detroit............................................................................
Green B a y .....................................................................
Indianapolis...................................................................
Kansas C ity ...................................................................
Milwaukee......................................................................
Minneapolis-St. P a u l.....................................................
O m ah a..........................................................................
Sagin aw ........................................................................
St. Louis........................................................................
South Bend....................................................................
T o le do ...........................................................................
W ichita..........................................................................
W est
Anaheim -Santa Ana-G arden G ro v e .............................
Billings...........................................................................
D enver-Boulder............................................................
Fresno...........................................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach.............................................
Portland.........................................................................
Sacram ento...................................................................
Salt Lake C ity-O g d en ...................................................
San Diego......................................................................
San Francisco-O akland................................................
San Jo s e .......................................................................
Seattle-Everett..............................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
253
Table 108. Percent increases in average straight-time hourly earnings,1selected occupational
groups in metropolitan areas, 1973-782 Continued
—
Unskilled plant 7
Manufacturing
All industries
Region and area
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
8.5
6.1
7.4
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
9.3
6.8
7.9
(4)
5.5
7.1
8.0
6.6
8.1
9.1
9.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
10.1
7.2
9.6
(4)
8.8
8.2
5.9
6.0
9.8
8.2
8.9
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.6
(4)
9.2
11.3
11.2
(4)
6.8
8.7
5.5
9.4
9.7
8.0
8.9
5.7
6.5
6.8
10.6
7.4
8.5
6.8
9.2
5.3
5.3
8.2
6.8
8.9
8.5
7.7
6.5
7.4
6.6
5.1
6.2
7.3
8.8
8.5
7.2
8.1
8.7
6.7
7.9
8.5
6.9
7.5
6.1
7.1
9.1
5.8
6.9
8.3
5.8
8.5
5.5
8.7
9.7
8.7
2.6
9.9
7.4
8.8
8.2
8.2
6.3
7.7
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.2
6.0
7.7
(4)
5.4
7.7
8.5
6.0
8.9
9.1
9.6
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
10.8
7.9
6.9
(4)
8.5
8.8
5.2
6.3
10.9
8.4
9.9
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.3
(4)
10.2
14.5
9.8
(4)
7.5
8.3
4.7
9.7
10.8
8.5
9.9
■ 10.1
7.1
9.2
7.2
6.6
8.6
8.7
10.3
5.8
3.7
8.2
8.3
7.2
9.0
6.7
7.4
8.1
6.5
6.1
6.6
7.3
10.6
8.4
7.5
8.8
8.4
8.1
8.2
9.0
7.3
7.0
8.0
5.5
8.1
6.9
9.1
10.8
5.8
7.3
5.4
9.6
11.1
10.1
6.0
10.7
8.8
6.6
7.6
6.1
5.2
7.0
6.8
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
5.2
3.8
4.1
11.7
6.2
7.3
8.0
5.9
(4)
4.7
6.2
4.5
5.3
12.6
9.1
6.6
10.3
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
4.9
6.7
7.5
11.6
13.5
11.8
12.6
5.6
(4)
10.0
8.6
10.9
4.2
8.3
11.6
14.3
7.7
9.2
8.9
(4)
(4)
10.5
(4)
12.5
12.1
13.3
4.9
9.1
9.0
6.5
11.5
(4)
10.6
12.5
8.8
7.9
7.8
9.0
9.2
10.8
8.0
9.6
10.6
(4)
9.1
8.6
8.6
8.1
11.4
9.6
8.7
10.0
6.9
10.6
7.0
6.0
7.9
9.2
10.2
6.1
5.6
4.8
8.3
4.7
5.9
6.1
(4)
10.6
7.8
5.1
2.8
4.8
7.8
6.7
5.8
5.4
6.9
7.3
5.3
8.7
11.0
4.6
9.8
10.7
10.4
9.1
13.2
10.3
(4)
(4)
9.6
7.2
(4)
.3
12.1
10.2
8.9
8.8
11.4
11.5
8.2
11.2
8.8
9.9
4.8
5.5
6.1
6.8
7.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
5.3
(4)
5.0
11.7
6.6
6.7
6.7
7.1
(4)
4.1
6.4
5.7
6.9
10.7
9.9
7.4
9.2
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
6.7
(4)
7.3
9.5
13.7
10.9
14.3
7.5
(4)
9.5
8.2
8.8
10.9
11.5
14.6
14.9
8.7
11.4
7.5
(4)
(4)
9.9
(4)
12.6
9.5
12.2
9.6
9.0
9.1
6.0
9.8
(4)
13.2
12.5
9.2
15.2
7.8
9.4
9.9
10.5
7.0
8.5
(4)
(4)
7.0
9.4
8.8
7.9
13.2
7.1
10.1
11.9
4.3
10.1
10.4
5.2
9.3
10.4
3.9
8.3
8.2
6.8
9.3
8.5
8.1
(4)
(4)
(4)
8.0
10.0
4.2
7.9
8.9
9.1
6.7
6.2
11.3
9.3
10.6
11.9
8.9
10.2
8.3
9.7
7.8
7.8
10.6
7.8
(4)
(4)
(4)
6.5
(4)
11.3
13.3
7.0
8.8
8.9
13.4
10.1
8.7
9.1
8.5
9.0
7.2
Northeast
A lbany-Schenectady-Troy...........................................
Boston...........................................................................
Buffalo...........................................................................
Hartford.........................................................................
N assau-Suffolk.............................................................
Newark..........................................................................
New Y o rk ......................................................................
Northeast Pennsylvania................................................
P aterson-Clifton-Passaic.............................................
Philadelphia...................................................................
Pittsburgh......................................................................
Portland.........................................................................
Poughkeepsie................................................................
Providence-W arwick-Pawtucket...................................
Trenton..........................................................................
W orcester......................................................................
Y o rk ...............................................................................
South
Atlanta...........................................................................
Baltimore.......................................................................
Birmingham....................................................................
Chattanooga..................................................................
Corpus Christi................................................................
Dallas-Fort Worth.........................................................
Daytona B e a c h .............................................................
G ainesville.....................................................................
Greensboro-W inston-Salem -High P oint...................
Greenville-Spartanburg.................................................
Houston.........................................................................
H untsville......................................................................
Jackso n.........................................................................
Jacksonville...................................................................
Louisville.......................................................................
M em phis.......................................................................
Miami.............................................................................
New O rle a n s.................................................................
Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Portsm outh..............................
Oklahoma City...............................................................
R ich m o n d ............................................................................
San Antonio..................................................................
Washington...................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
254
Table 108. Percent increases in average straight-time hourly earnings,1selected occupational
groups in metropolitan areas, 1973-782 Continued
—
Unskilled p lan t7
All industries
Region and area
Manufacturing
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
7.7
6.6
7.8
5.8
7.5
7.7
6.4
7.4
6.0
6.6
6.4
8.1
5.9
6.8
5.6
8.4
10.1
8.3
7.6
10.1
9.8
9.2
9.9
9.3
10.6
10.4
8.7
8.0
6.1
6.9
6.0
12.9
9.8
11.7
8.9
8.9
12.6
7.6
11.4
9.2
9.6
9.7
9.6
9.3
9.6
10.1
9.2
8.1
9.5
10.3
11.4
8.9
9.5
9.6
6.9
8.0
10.1
6.5
8.6
8.2
8.2
10.3
9.3
7.7
9.4
10.2
6.7
9.3
8.3
10.1
8.2
11.2
10.4
8.7
9.0
7.4
8.9
8.6
8.2
8.4
8.2
7.7
7.2
8.9
6.5
7.4
8.4
10.8
7.9
7.7
9.2
9.1
8.7
9.1
8.3
9.2
9.2
9.0
7.9
9.5
9.2
8.1
10.0
8.1
8.4
8.3
8.6
8.7
9.3
9.2
7.1
5.8
6.5
6.1
7.8
7.7
5.6
7.9
5.6
6.8
7.1
7.0
5.8
6.3
6.9
8.8
11.3
8.1
8.1
10.6
9.0
9.7
10.0
10.6
11.4
10.4
9.7
8.1
6.6
7.6
6.1
14.2
10.6
10.6
8.6
8.4
13.1
8.7
12.4
8.5
10.1
10.4
12.3
9.3
8.8
13.2
9.2
8.8
9.1
7.7
9.0
10.3
7.1
8.3
8.4
8.0
8.4
9.3
10.1
11.9
8.0
11.4
10.1
8.8
10.9
9.8
8.1
9.5
8.8
9.8
10.1
10.3
8.2
8.3
10.2
9.0
8.7
9.1
8.3
8.5
8.5
9.8
8.9
8.5
9.2
7.8
8.8
10.3
9.5
8.0
(4)
7.1
6.9
6.7
5.3
(4)
8.3
7.3
8.6
3.2
(4)
10.5
7.3
12.1
8.9
(4)
8.2
7.8
8.1
13.4
(4)
9.0
15.5
8.0
3.7
<
4)
7.5
9.3
9.7
6.3
5.3
9.0
8.6
(4)
6.4
11.0
8.0
10.6
9.5
9.2
8.4
12.4
9.1
9.0
6.9
6.4
7.7
7.0
8.2
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.3
5.6
(4)
7.8
(4)
12.6
(4)
6.2
(4)
(4)
5.9
(4)
7.4
9.3
(4)
7.7
9.9
8.8
5.5
6.1
9.5
6.6
6.7
7.8
7.8
8.0
5.9
7.1
6.7
7.1
(4)
8.9
5.2
5.7
9.7
9.6
8.5
(4)
8.4
5.6
7.1
8.4
8.6
7.3
(4)
(4)
9.9
(4)
(4)
7.2
11.1
7.9
8.0
(4)
9.4
8.2
7.8
10.0
9.1
10.3
6.2
5.8
6.8
8.0
6.4
8.9
North Central
Akron.............................................................................
Canton...........................................................................
Chicago.........................................................................
Cincinnati......................................................................
Cleveland......................................................................
Colum bus......................................................................
Davenport-Rock Island-M oline....................................
Dayton...........................................................................
Detroit............................................................................
Green B a y .............................................. ......................
Indianapolis...................................................................
Kansas C ity ...................................................................
Milwaukee......................................................................
Minneapolis-St. P au l.....................................................
O m a h a ..........................................................................
Sagin aw ........................................................................
St. Louis........................................................................
South Bend....................................................................
T o le do ...........................................................................
W ichita..........................................................................
(4)
(4)
8.0
6.7
7.6
6.6
7.3
7.2
8.1
4.4
West
Anaheim -Santa Ana-G arden G ro v e .............................
Billings...........................................................................
D enver-Boulder............................................................
Fresn o...........................................................................
Los Angeles-Long B each..............................................
Portland.........................................................................
Sacram ento...................................................................
Salt Lake C ity-O g d en...................................................
San Diego......................................................................
San Francisco-O akland................................................
San Jo s e ........................................................................
Seattle-Everett..............................................................
(4)
(4)
(4)
7.6
(4)
(4)
7.2
(4)
10.9
(4)
5.6
7.9
(4)
(4)
6.5
6.2
6.9
6.4
8.3
10.3
9.0
7.2
6.3
6.5
7.4
11.9
13.4
(4)
1 Earnings of all workers relate to hourly earnings excluding premium pay
for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts.
2 Relates to calendar years. Percent increases reflect 12-month periods
ending at various times from Jan. through Dec. For surveys conducted at
other than 12-month intervals, the percents were computed by converting
increases to an annual rate.
3 Includes bookkeeping-machine operators, class B; accounting clerks;
file clerks; order clerks; payroll clerks; keypunch operators; messengers;
secretaries; stenographers; switchboard operators; tabulating-machine oper
ators, class B; and typists.
4 Data do not meet publication criteria or data are not available.
5 Includes computer systems analysts, computer programmers, and com
puter operators. Data for 1973 are not available.
255
7.6
7.9
8.5
7.7
8.4
10.0
7.2
8.0
7.5
9.4
5.8
(4)
(4)
(4)
(4)
9.3
11.1
10.9
9.1
8.1
12.0
8.1
8.0
9.2
9.7
7.8
8.7
6 Includes maintenance carpenters, electricians, machinists, mechanics
(machinery) mechanics (motor vehicles), painters, pipefitters, and tool and
die makers. Estimates for 1973, 1974, and 1975 relate to men only. All
other estimates relate to men and women.
7 Includes janitors, porters, and cleaners and material handling laborers.
Estimates for 1973, 1974, and 1975 relate to men only. All other estimates
relate to men and women.
N o t e : In the 1978 and earlier editions of the H a n d b o o k o f L a b o r S ta tis
indexes of average weekly or hourly earnings were presented for each
of these occupational groups, except electronic data processing workers.
Because of differences in the methods of computation, percents of increase
in the current edition cannot be linked to the earlier indexes.
tics ,
Table 109. Average earnings1 for selected plant occupations in metropolitan areas by sex, industry
division, and region, 1967-78
Women
All workers
Item
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Shipping
packers
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
$2.03
2.13
2.27
2.38
2.52
2.69
2.83
3.01
3.38
3.70
3.90
4.16
$2.34
2.46
2.60
2.78
2.98
3.19
3.35
3.57
3.98
4.30
4.66
5.04
2.07
2.16
2.31
2.47
2.63
2.90
3.10
3.30
3.75
4.12
4.34
4.57
Men
Shipping
packers
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Shipping
packers
Material
handling
laborers
$1.79
1.91
2.03
2.13
2.23
2.42
2.55
2.71
3.07
3.39
3.50
3.75
$2.04
2.18
2.32
2.48
2.60
2.75
2.92
3.11
3.44
3.73
4.07
4.42
$2.10
2.19
2.34
2.46
2.61
2.79
2.94
3.13
3.52
3.84
4.06
4.33
$2.46
2.60
2.73
2.90
3.13
3.37
3.56
3.81
4.29
4.63
4.96
5.37
$2.55
2.68
2.83
3.01
3.27
3.53
3.77
4.05
4.53
4.94
5.44
5.88
$3.05
3.23
3.41
3.62
4.01
4.46
4.82
5.17
5.68
6.16
6.67
7.25
$2.76
2.86
3.03
3.21
3.43
3.76
4.00
4.36
4.98
5.40
5.88
6.36
$3.61
3.80
4.05
4.30
4.60
4.96
5.24
5.64
6.44
7.01
7.68
8.31
$3.36
3.54
3.76
4.01
4.38
4.83
5.21
5.65
6.32
6.83
7.44
8.02
2.26
2.37
2.49
2.66
2.83
2.98
3.18
3.37
3.68
3.90
4.30
4.60
1.88
1.97
2.13
2.25
2.39
2.74
2.98
3.20
3.63
4.10
4.27
4.49
1.91
2.06
2.16
2.32
2.44
2.52
2.77
2.91
3.14
3.25
3.60
4.15
2.13
2.23
2.38
2.55
2.72
2.97
3.15
3.35
3.80
4.13
4.34
4.56
2.36
2.46
2.60
2.76
2.96
3.15
3.36
3.60
3.99
4.29
4.65
4.79
2.59
2.70
2.87
3.04
3.32
3.60
3.82
4.06
4.48
4.90
5.29
5.72
3.22
3.37
3.56
3.78
4.18
4.73
5.12
5.46
5.85
6.38
6.82
7.44
2.74
2.81
3.01
3.16
3.35
3.72
4.02
4.40
4.91
5.32
5.56
6.04
3.46
3.61
3.82
4.04
4.33
4.65
4.96
5.29
6.01
6.56
7.13
7.77
3.33
3.50
3.72
4.01
4.34
4.81
5.22
5.62
6.23
6.81
7.34
7.86
1.61
1.74
1.86
1.93
1.99
2.10
2.18
2.30
2.63
2.87
2.97
3.25
1.94
2.05
2.20
2.35
2.56
2.70
2.78
2.98
3.46
3.76
3.99
4.33
1.44
1.60
1.71
1.74
1.79
1.88
1.92
2.03
2.37
2.58
2.67
2.94
1.79
1.86
1.98
2.10
2.31
2.45
2.49
2.67
3.12
3.44
3.65
3.84
1.65.
1.77
1.90
1.98
2.06
2.18
2.28
2.42
2.75
3.00
3.14
3.43
2.03
2.16
2.30
2.46
2.67
2.83
2.96
3.19
3.73
4.03
4.22
4.61
2.01
2.15
2.25
2.38
2.54
2.72
2.91
3.15
3.70
3.99
4.34
4.73
2.49
2.65
2.82
3.00
3.31
3.61
3.87
4.17
4.69
5.06
5.46
5.94
2.61
2.74
2.79
3.00
3.25
3.52
3.70
3.99
4.59
4.95
5.62
5.97
3.47
3.61
3.83
4.05
4.31
4.61
4.89
5.23
5.98
6.50
7.13
7.68
3.04
3.20
3.40
3.61
3.95
4.29
4.61
5.05
5.76
6.18
6.70
7.29
2.20
2.30
2.44
2.59
2.76
2.95
3.08
3.33
3.72
4.02
4.30
4.66
2.51
2.66
2.83
3.02
3.27
3.52
3.70
3.98
4.45
4.89
5.24
5.72
1.86
1.96
2.07
2.22
2.35
2.49
2.60
2.86
3.21
3.47
2.18
2.33
2.52
2.68
2.83
3.02
3.21
3.52
3.86
4.30
4.59
5.01
2.30
2.40
2.55
2.70
2.90
3.10
3.25
3.49
3.90
4.29
4.62
4.93
2.67
2.84
2.98
3.18
3.46
3.72
3.92
4.19
4.77
5.19
5.59
6.10
2.73
2.89
3.08
3.27
3.60
3.92
4.18
4.48
5.00
5.50
6.14
6.80
3.21
3.43
3.63
3.87
4.34
4.83
5.27
5.66
6.14
6.67
7.27
7.94
2.85
2.97
3.16
3.36
3.60
3.98
4.20
4.59
5.30
5.77
6.25
6.86
3.73
3.97
4.24
4.50
4.84
5.24
5.52
5.96
6.80
7.41
8.12
8.82
3.46
3.67
3.89
4.15
4.61
5.08
5.50
5.92
6.59
7.12
7.81
8.45
2.26
2.32
2.45
2.61
2.68
2.81
2.96
3.14
3.55
3.90
4.17
4.43
2.57
2.65
2.80
2.92
3.13
3.42
3.45
3.55
4.07
4.14
4.47
4.72
2.04
2.12
2.25
2.41
2.43
2.50
2.65
2.76
2.21
2.35
2.55
2.63
2.70
3.06
3.10
3.13
3.72
3.66
3.95
3.93
2.30
2.35
2.49
2.64
2.72
2.88
3.03
3.22
3.69
3.95
4.21
4.49
2.69
2.87
" 2.95
3.06
3.30
3.56
3.61
3.80
4.17
4.28
4.56
5.31
2.91
3.05
3.16
3.37
3.71
4.05
4.39
4.73
5.04
5.46
5.96
5.95
3.37
3.53
3.70
3.90
4.36
4.81
5.17
5.55
6.24
6.77
7.38
7.91
2.93
2.95
3.23
3.41
3.58
3.88
4.13
4.47
5.04
5.40
6.05
6.63
3.77
3.97
4.24
4.52
4.83
5.16
5.42
5.84
6.81
7.37
8.09
8.68
3.74
3.94
4.19
4.42
4.71
5.29
5.72
6.20
6.96
7.51
8.26
8.75
Truckdrivers
Mainte
nance
trades
helpers
Electri
cians
Mechan
ics
(motor
vehicles)
A L L INDUSTRIES
All metropolitan
areas
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969.............................
1970.............................
1971.............................
1972.............................
1973.............................
1974.............................
1975.............................
1976.............................
1977.............................
1978.............................
Northeast
1967.............................
1968.............................
1969.............................
1970.............................
1971.............................
1972.............................
1973.............................
1974.............................
1975.............................
1976.............................
1977.............................
1978.............................
South
1967.............................
1968..............................
1969.............................
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
North Central
1967.............................
1968.............................j
1969.............................
1970.............................,
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
—
4.04
West
1967..............................
1968.............................
1969.............................
1970.............................
1971.............................
1972.............................
1973.............................
1974.............................
1975.............................
1976.............................
1977
................
1978
...................
—
—
4.14
See footnotes at end of table.
256
Table 109. Average earnings1 for selected plant occupations in metropolitan areas by sex, industry
division, and region, 1967-78— Continued
Item
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Men
Women
All workers
Shipping
packers
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Shipping
packers
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Shipping
packers
Material
handling
laborers
Truckdrivers
Mainte
nance
trades
helpers
Electri
cians
Mechan
ics
(motor
vehicles)
MANUFACTURING
All metropolitan
areas
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978.............................
$2.35
2.47
2.62
2.78
2.99
3.23
3.44
3.71
4.20
4.58
5.00
5.40
$2.37
2.47
2.63
2.80
2.99
3.21
3.39
3.61
4.06
4.36
4.73
5.06
$2.15
2.26
2.43
2.57
2.78
2.99
3.17
3.48
3.94
4.26
4.65
5.10
$2.07
2.20
2.37
2.51
2.63
2.79
2.95
3.13
3.52
3.78
4.19
4.50
$2.37
2.49
2.64
2.80
3.01
3.25
3.47
3.74
4.24
4.62
5.05
5.44
$2.50
2.62
2.76
2.92
3.14
3.38
3.58
3.84
4.33
4.66
4.99
5.31
$2.47
2.60
2.76
2.93
3.14
3.38
3.58
3.84
4.30
4.70
5.06
5.39
$2.98
3.11
3.31
3.50
3.79
4.15
4.39
4.72
5.25
5.66
6.14
6.59
$2.77
2.87
3.04
3.22
3.41
3.77
4.02
4.39
5.07
5.47
5.97
6.52
$3.60
3.79
4.03
4.27
4.57
4.91
5.20
5.59
6.40
6.97
7.64
8.28
$3.32
3.47
3.69
3.95
4.24
4.61
4.89
5.27
6.01
6.47
7.05
7.65
2.27
2.37
2.51
2.65
2.86
3.11
3.31
3.56
4.00
4.37
4.75
5.04
2.29
2.40
2.51
2.67
2.86
3.03
3.25
3.46
3.81
4.02
4.47
4.74
2.14
2.23
2.36
2.46
2.64
2.85
3.07
3.36
3.83
4.21
4.60
5.07
1.94
2.07
2.18
2.34
2.49
2.60
2.86
2.97
3.28
3.35
3.77
4.21
2.28
2.38
2.52
2.67
2.88
3.13
3.33
3.58
4.02
4.38
4.76
5.02
2.39
2.49
2.62
2.76
2.97
3.18
3.41
3.70
4.09
4.37
4.79
4.95
2.46
2.57
2.72
2.92
3.13
3.38
3.56
3.74
4.14
4.52
4.77
5.06
3.18
3.34
3.55
3.69
4.06
4.51
4.70
5.02
5.37
5.79
6.19
6.62
2.73
2.80
3.01
3.14
3.31
3.69
3.97
4.37
4.91
5.31
5.60
6.10
3.45
3.59
3.79
4.00
4.28
4.60
4.89
5.21
5.93
6.47
7.03
7.70
3.33
3.45
3.62
3.93
4.23
4.62
4.90
5.21
5.81
6.31
6.85
7.48
1.98
2.08
2.22
2.34
2.49
2.71
2.88
3.09
3.60
3.94
4.27
4.63
1.96
2.07
2.19
2.35
2.56
2.72
2.86
3.08
3.43
3.78
3.94
4.20
1.75
1.88
2.03
2.10
2.18
2.35
2.52
2.76
3.35
3.59
3.92
4.26
1.78
1.86
1.93
2.05
2.23
2.44
2.52
2.72
3.09
3.50
3.67
3.86
2.00
2.10
2.24
2.37
2.53
2.75
2.93
3.14
3.65
3.98
4.33
4.69
2.09
2.22
2.35
2.50
2.70
2.88
3.06
3.31
3.72
4.01
4.13
4.35
2.02
2.16
2.28
2.43
2.60
2.77
2.95
3.18
3.74
4.05
4.37
4.76
2.33
2.42
2.56
2.74
2.97
3.18
3.35
3.63
4.06
4.33
4.69
5.08
2.67
2.79
2.81
3.06
3.28
3.59
3.79
4.12
4.86
5.22
5.90
6.47
3.48
3.60
3.83
4.05
4.29
4.59
4.86
5.22
5.97
6.48
7.10
7.66
2.87
3.00
3.20
3.37
3.60
3.86
4.15
4.49
5.12
5.50
5.86
6.32
2.52
2.67
2.83
3.01
3.26
3.52
3.76
4.07
4.63
5.05
5.54
6.05
2.56
2.70
2.88
3.07
3.29
3.55
3.74
4.03
4.60
5.02
5.33
5.80
2.30
2.41
2.57
2.78
3.06
3.32
3.49
3.83
4.35
4.69
5.13
5.65
2.27
2.41
2.63
2.78
2.92
3.07
3.29
3.62
4.01
4.38
4.73
5.08
2.54
2.69
2.86
3.03
3.28
3.54
3.79
4.10
4.67
5.11
5.60
6.10
2.70
2.87
3.00
3.21
3.46
3.74
3.92
4.18
4.86
5.31
5.60
6.12
2.67
2.81
3.01
3.18
3.41
3.69
3.90
4.22
4.74
5.19
5.67
6.24
3.08
3.23
3.46
3.69
4.01
4.39
4.69
5.08
5.62
6.07
6.67
7.25
2.85
2.96
3.17
3.35
3.58
3.97
4.18
4.55
5.32
5.79
6.27
6.92
3.71
3.96
4.22
4.47
4.81
5.19
5.48
5.92
6.77
7.37
8.11
8.82
3.45
3.68
3.95
4.21
4.55
4.92
5.21
5.61
6.43
6.97
7.74
8.38
2.53
2.65
2.80
2.95
3.20
3.34
3.53
3.75
4.22
4.60
4.98
5.38
2.44
2.51
2.70
2.81
2.96
3.23
3.16
3.06
3.89
3.82
4.25
4.11
2.44
2.53
2.80
2.93
3.22
3.40
3.51
3.76
4.30
4.65
5.18
—
2.17
2.30
2.54
2.55
2.60
3.01
2.81
2.80
3.94
3.42
4.05
3.97
2.54
2.66
2.80
2.95
3.20
3.34
3.53
3.75
4.22
4.60
4.96
5.36
2.58
2.78
2.87
2.97
3.14
3.32
3.32
3.28
3.89
3.92
4.31
4.12
2.73
2.85
2.94
3.18
3.44
3.67
3.86
4.04
4.45
4.90
5.19
4.83
3.38
3.53
3.72
3.98
4.32
4.74
5.06
5.37
6.24
6.63
7.21
7.74
2.93
2.94
3.25
3.42
3.55
3.84
4.13
4.52
5.08
5.37
6.07
6.70
3.74
3.93
4.20
4.48
4.79
5.10
5.35
5.78
6.72
7.27
7.97
8.54
3.64
3.75
4.03
4.29
4.60
5.12
5.47
5.83
6.55
7.05
7.71
8.35
Northeast
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969.............................
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972.............................
1973..............................
1974.............................
1975............................
1976.............................
1977..............................
1978.............................
South
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972.............................
1973.............................
1974.............................
1975.............................
1976.............................
1977.............................
1978.............................
North Central
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969.............................
1970.............................
1971.............................
1972.............................
1973.............................
1974.............................
1975.............................
1976.............................
1977.............................
1978.............................
West
1967.............................
1968.............................
1969.............................
1970.............................
1971.............................
1972.............................
1973.............................
1974.............................
1975.............................
1976.............................
1977.............................
1978.............................
See footnotes at end of table.
257
Table 109. Average earnings 1 for selected plant occupations in metropolitan areas by sex, industry
division, and region, 1967-78— Continued
Item
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Men
Women
All workers
Shipping
packers
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Shipping
packers
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Shipping
packers
Material
handling
laborers
Truckdrivers
Mainte
nance
trades
helpers
Electri
cians
Mechan
ics
(motor
vehicles)
NONMANUFACTURING
All metropolitan
areas
1967.............................
1968.............................
1969.............................
1970.............................
1971.............................
1972.............................
1973.............................
1974.......................... .
1975.............................
1976.............................
1977.............................
1978.............................
$1.83
1.93
2.07
2.20
2.30
2.46
2.59
2.74
3.09
3.38
3.51
3.74
$2.25
2.41
2.55
2.74
2.95
3.13
3.26
3.49
3.81
4.17
4.49
5.00
$1.73
1.85
1.96
2.07
2.16
2.35
2.48
2.62
2.96
3.27
3.33
3.55
$1.91
2.09
2.18
2.36
2.54
2.67
2.85
3.09
3.32
3.63
3.84
4.28
$1.87
1.97
2.12
2.25
2.36
2.52
2.65
2.81
3.16
3.44
3.56
3.81
$2.37
2.52
2.67
2.86
3.11
3.33
3.50
3.74
4.19
4.53
4.88
5.53
$2.64
2.77
2.92
3.09
3.41
3.71
3.99
4.31
4.82
5.25
5.88
6.45
$3.08
3.27
3.44
3.66
4.08
4.55
4.95
5.31
5.82
6.33
6.84
7.46
1.96
2.06
2.22
2.39
2.54
2.83
3.03
3.22
3.68
4.04
4.21
4.42
2.17
2.28
2.41
2.63
2.76
2.81
2.95
3.08
3.27
3.53
3.76
4.14
1.84
1.94
2.10
2.23
2.37
2.73
2.97
3.19
3.62
4.08
4.24
4.42
1.84
2.04
2.10
2.27
2.35
2.34
2.53
2.72
2.81
3.03
3.20
4.00
2.03
2.13
2.29
2.48
2.64
2.89
3.06
3.24
3.71
4.02
4.16
4.38
2.27
2.36
2.52
2.74
2.93
3.04
3.18
3.28
3.64
3.97
4.17
4.23
2.73
2.84
3.03
3.20
3.55
3.88
4.17
4.54
4.97
5.38
5.87
6.60
3.23
3.38
3.56
3.80
4.22
4.81
5.25
5.61
6.00
6.57
7.03
7.72
1.45
1.60
1.72
1.78
1.84
1.93
1.99
2.10
2.38
2.58
2.66
2.94
1.92
2.02
2.20
2.36
2.60
2.65
2.65
2.80
3.50
3.73
4.06
4.51
1.39
1.56
1.66
1.70
1.75
1.83
1.87
1.96
2.27
2.47
2.52
2.80
1.90
1.86
2.20
2.27
2.55
2.47
2.44
2.57
3.17
3.29
3.62
3.82
1.47
1.61
1.74
1.81
1.88
1.98
2.05
2.18
2.45
2.65
2.75
3.04
1.92
2.05
2.20
2.39
2.62
2.73
2.77
2.96
3.75
4.07
4.36
5.03
2.00
2.14
2.22
2.32
2.47
2.68
2.87
3.12
3.63
3.91
4.31
4.70
1.87
1.97
2.09
2.22
2.36
2.49
2.59
2.78
3.11
3.34
3.50
3.77
2.34
2.54
2.72
2.90
3.18
3.45
3.58
3.86
4.14
4.59
4.99
5.51
1.76
1.85
1.94
2.07
2.19
2.31
2.42
2.63
2.96
3.18
1.89
2.10
2.15
2.37
2.60
2.88
3.05
3.37
3.64
4.15
4.32
4.85
1.93
2.03
2.16
2.29
2.46
2.59
2.69
2.86
3.19
3.49
3.83
2.56
2.75
2.94
3.10
3.44
3.69
3.92
4.20
4.54
4.88
5.55
6.05
2.15
2.18
2.32
2.49
2.52
2.65
2.81
2.97
3.34
3.71
3.95
4.18
2.72
2.89
2.96
3.09
3.33
3.62
3.79
4.16
4.34
4.61
4.89
5.71
1.99
2.07
2.17
2.34
2.34
2.43
2.56
2.66
2.18
2.21
2.35
2.52
2.56
2.72
2.87
3.05
3.47
3.73
3.94
4.23
2.78
2.97
3.04
3.15
3.47
3.81
3.93
4.29
4.71
4.87
5.05
6.91
$2.69
2.83
2.97
3.17
3.47
3.74
3.95
4.25
4.69
5.15
5.57
5.92
$3.73
3.93
4.20
4.49
4.85
5.26
5.56
5.95
6.72
7.33
7.97
8.49
$3.38
3.57
3.79
4.03
4.43
4.91
5.34
5.79
6.44
6.97
7.59
8.16
2.77
2.85
3.01
3.25
3.52
3.82f
;
4.18
4.50
4.91*
5.37
5.45
5.85
3.57
3.75
3.99
4.32
4.65
5.00
5.40
5.80
6.45
7.06
7.65
8.13
3.33
3.51
3.75
4.03
4.37
4.88
5.32
5.75
6.35
6.96
7.49
7.97
2.54
2.72
2.90
3.08
3.41
3.75
4.03
4.33
4.88
5.27
5.69
6.20
2.38
2.56
2.72
2.84
3.17
3.35
3.44
3.71
4.08
4.45
5.14
5.24
3.44
3.62
3.79
4.01
4.43
4.76
5.08
5.32
6.06
6.67
7.35
7.81
3.10
3.28
3.48
3.69
4.08
4.44
4.77
5.24
5.95
6.41
6.99
7.61
2.82
2.99
3.18
3.40
3.84
4.21
4.59
4.87
5.35
5.91
6.67
7.38
3.26
3.50
3.68
3.93
4.44
4.97
5.44
5.83
6.32
6.86
7.45
8.15
2.89
3.04
3.09
3.40
3.70
4.01
4.29
4.74
5.22
5.68
6.12
6.68
3.89
4.10
4.44
4.77
5.16
5.65
5.87
6.31
7.10
7.77
8.25
8.83
3.46
3.67
3.87
4.13
4.65
5.16
5.64
6.07
6.67
7.20
7.84
8.49
3.03
3.18
3.30
3.49
3.86
4.29
4.71
5.14
5.44
5.88
6.61
6.76
3.36
3.53
3.70
3.87
4.37
4.84
5.21
5.61
6.24
6.82
7.45
7.97
2.92
2.99
3.17
3.37
3.66
4.02
4.14
4.26
4.88
3.94
4.12
4.44
4.67
5.02
5.44
5.76
6.10
7.18
7.81
8.57
9.13
3.79
4.02
4.25
4.48
4.74
5.35
5.82
6.32
7.12
7.68
8.47
8.89
Northeast
1967.............................
1968.............................
1969.............................
1970.............................
1971.............................
1972.............................
1973.............................
1974.............................
1975.............................
1976.............................
1977.............................
1978.............................
South
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
North Central
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972........... ..................
1973..............................
1974..............................
1975............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
—
3.64
—
West
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1970............................. J
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974............................. J
1975............................. j
1976..............................
1977.............................^
1978............................. J
—
—
_
3.97
—
2.56
—
2.84
2.88
3.12
3.46
3.82
—
3.92
_
—
See footnotes at end of table.
258
—
—
Table 109. Average earnings1 for selected plant occupations in metropolitan areas by sex, industry
division, and region, 1967-78— Continued
Item
Men
Women
All workers
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Shipping
packers
$2.28
2.39
2.55
2.75
2.99
3.33
3.62
3.89
4.49
4.91
5.30
5.65
_
!_
_
_
_
_
—
_
_
—
—
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Shipping
packers
Mainte
nance
trades
helpers
Mechan
ics
(motor
vehicles)
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Shipping
packers
Material
handling
laborers
$2.37
2.48
2.64
2.85
3.12
3.46
3.75
4.02
4.63
5.06
5.44
5.77
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
$3.02
3.23
3.41
3.62
4.11
4.56
5.00
5.48
6.03
6.69
7.60
8.27
$3.30
3.52
3.71
3.94
4.49
5.06
5.56
5.96
6.55
7.15
7.86
8.64
$2.78
2.91
3.06
3.27
3.57
3.89
4.11
4.46
4.91
5.46
5.92
6.11
$3.83
4.20
4.27
4.54
4.91
5.35
5.75
6.09
6.93
7.60
8.22
8.80
$3.40
3.60
3.82
4.08
4.50
5.02
5.48
5.94
6.58
7.12
7.81
8.43
Truckdrivers
Electri
cians
TRANSPORTATION,
COMMUNICATION,
AND OTHER
PUBLIC UTILITIES
All metropolitan
areas
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
_
$2.01
2.09
2.24
2.38
2.53
2.83
3.14
3.37
3.98
4.38
4.77
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—_
—
—
Northeast
2.37
2.48
2.65
2.87
3.07
3.45
3.80
4.10
4.70
5.13
5.50
5.88
_
_
_
—
—
—
_
_
_
—
—
2.07
2.17
2.31
2.47
2.59
2.87
3.26
3.53
4.24
4.80
5.25
5.48
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2.47
2.58
2.75
2.97
3.19
3.58
3.91
4.20
4.80
5.20
5.56
5.98
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3.08
3.25
3.47
3.64
4.13
4.72
5.24
5.71
6.13
6.78
7.61
8.64
3.35
3.53
3.71
3.96
4.47
5.12
5.62
6.04
6.64
7.21
7.93
8.76
2.83
2.91
3.05
3.30
3.57
3.93
4.28
4.62
5.23
5.72
5.94
6.45
3.69
3.86
4.11
4.40
4.76
5.21
5.64
6.04
6.74
7.48
8.13
8.68
3.32
3.51
3.73
4.05
4.44
5.00
5.46
5.91
6.55
7.13
7.70
8.21
1.98
2.10
2.26
2.43
2.66
2.91
3.13
3.34
3.91
4.28
4.73
5.03
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1.81
1.92
2.05
2.20
2.40
2.59
2.92
3.08
3.55
3.87
4.27
4.78
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2.03
2.15
2.32
2.49
2.73
3.00
3.19
3.40
4.01
4.41
4.86
5.09
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2.47
2.64
2.74
2.85
2.94
3.16
3.40
3.82
4.37
4.82
5.39
5.85
3.03
3.23
3.43
3.63
4.16
4.63
5.04
5.38
6.01
6.56
7.25
7.96
2.57
2.72
2.87
3.01
3.34
3.58
3.65
4.00
4.27
4.80
5.39
5.23
3.55
3.78
4.01 '
4.21
4.68
4.94
5.34
5.65
6.57
—
—
8.23
3.15
3.34
3.55
3.78
4.20
4.60
4.98
5.46
6.15
6.67
7.38
8.06
2.37
2.46
2.64
2.81
3.09
3.44
3.72
4.00
4.53
4.96
5.34
5.66
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2.05
2.11
2.29
2.40
2.52
2.90
3.15
3.37
3.96
4.30
4.61
—
—
—
—
—
—
2.50
2.60
2.78
2.97
3.31
3.64
3.95
4.26
4.76
5.20
5.65
5.93
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3.12
3.39
3.57
3.85
4.45
4.93
5.47
5.94
6.45
7.16
8.09
8.95
3.37
3.65
3.83
4.10
4.69
5.26
5.81
6.21
6.75
7.42
8.17
8.94
2.91
3.07
3.24
3.50
3.79
4.09
4.35
4.85
5.29
5.76
6.31
6.50
3.94
4.12
4.38
4.66
5.02
5.52
5.83
6.22
7.01
7.67
8.26
8.87
3.48
3.69
3.90
4.18
4.68
5.21
5.69
6.11
6.72
7.28
7.90
8.58
1967..............................
2.45
1968..............................
2.56
2.71
1969..............................
2.91
1970........... ..................
1971..............................
3.17
3.48
1972..............................
1973..............................
3.77
1974..............................
4.07
4.76
1975..............................
1976..............................
5.23
1977..............................
5:52
1978..............................
5.97
See footnotes at end of tables.
—
—
—
2.23
_
3.30
3.57
3.67
3.86
4.43
5.15
5.63
6.13
6.52
7.26
8.05
7.61
3.46
3.69
3.87
4.07
4.68
5.27
5.75
6.22
6.83
7.42
8.09
8.80
2.91
3.03
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3.99
4.20
4.48
4.75
5.08
5.59
6.01
6.38
7.45
8.09
8.72
9.40
3.82
4.05
4.30
4.53
4.80
5.46
5.95
6.52
7.21
7.78
8.59
9.14
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
South
1967............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
North Central
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
West
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
——
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2.49
2.61
2.77
2.97
3.25
3.56
3.84
4.11
4.78
5.26
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
5.94
259
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Table 109. Average earnings1 for selected plant occupations in metropolitan areas by sex, industry
division, and region, 1967-78— Continued
Women
All workers
Item
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Shipping
packers
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Men
Shipping
packers
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Shipping
packers
Material
handling
laborers
Truckdrivers
Mainte
nance
trades
helpers
Electri
cians
Mechan
ics
(motor
vehicles)
W H O LESALE TRADE
A ll m etropolitan
areas
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
$1.98
2.10
2.27
2.43
2.62
2.80
3.04
3.27
3.72
3.96
4.30
4.60
$2.39
2.54
2.68
2.86
3.08
3.34
3.51
3.77
4.14
4.47
4.76
5.20
$1.64
1.79
1.96
2.20
2.35
2.43
2.59
2.73
2.98
3.20
3.61
3.78
$1.90
2.14
2.19
2.40
2.50
2.92
3.21
3.46
3.72
4.04
3.97
4.13
$2.03
2.14
2.31
2.46
2.66
2.85
3.10
3.35
3.83
4.08
4.41
4.71
$2.46
2.61
2.75
2.93
3.20
3.43
3.59
3.88
4.29
4.63
5.02
5.72
$2.40
2.49
2.62
2.76
3.00
3.27
3.49
3.73
4.25
4.53
4.93
5.27
$2.81
2.96
3.12
3.33
3.63
4.02
4.29
4.59
5.19
5.62
5.98
6.25
$2.43
2.59
2.85
2.92
3.22
3.42
3.74
3.97
4.92
$3.38
3.49
3.68
3.95
4.31
4.57
4.80
5.35
6.26
6.84
7.23
7.49
$3.28
3.47
3.62
3.85
4.18
4.56
4.91
5.27
6.09
6.67
7.14
7.57
2.09
2.24
2.39
2.52
2.70
2.93
3.15
3.31
3.93
3.95
4.17
4.39
2.33
2.41
2.56
2.74
2.83
3.04
3.20
3.32
3.57
3.93
4.04
4.10
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2.12
2.26
2.41
2.53
2.69
2.95
3.15
3.34
4.01
4.05
4.20
4.45
2.40
2.48
2.63
2.81
2.99
3.13
3.25
3.38
3.63
4.03
4.21
4.14
2.54
2.60
2.75
3.01
3.26
3.52
3.66
4.13
4.77
4.93
4.88
5.30
3.07
3.18
3.36
3.62
3.91
4.43
4.79
5.11
5.66
6.23
6.56
6.58
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3.50
3.65
3.82
4.07
4.32
4.65
5.09
5.33
5.99
6.67
7.19
7.59
1.65
1.74
1.89
2.05
2.18
2.29
2.50
2.67
2.98
3.19
3.42
3.77
1.98
2.06
2.23
2.42
2.67
2.73
2.74
2.90
3.68
3.93
4.16
4.39
1.44
1.56
1.72
1.86
1.99
1.97
2.06
2.23
2.56
2.79
3.07
3.25
1.98
2.09
2.25
2.45
2.72
2.79
2.79
3.04
3.93
4.26
4.47
5.11
1.72
1.81
1.93
2.05
2.21
2.43
2.62
2.76
3.25
3.55
3.82
4.15
2.04
2.17
2.31
2.45
2.60
2.83
3.04
3.23
3.90
4.17
4.35
4.65
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1.69
1.77
1.92
2.08
2.22
2.34
2.58
2.76
3.10
3.29
3.51
3.87
2.10
2.23
2.42
2.60
2.84
3.09
3.37
3.70
4.12
4.48
5.03
5.38
2.50
2.69
2.87
3.04
3.37
3.67
3.88
4.20
4.47
4.81
5.29
5.93
1.78
—
—
2.28
2.45
2.65
2.77
3.12
3.46
3.69
4.38
—
1.91
2.21
2.15
2.38
2.65
3.12
3.40
3.90
4.17
4.51
4.44
5.05
2.14
2.27
2.46
2.65
2.91
3.16
3.46
3.78
4.22
4.56
5.13
5.47
2.61
2.83
3.00
3.17
3.53
3.78
4.01
4.30
4.61
4.94
5.82
6.36
2.64
2.75
2.95
3.14
3.49
3.85
4.14
4.33
4.75
5.15
5.86
6.19
3.05
3.29
3.45
3.66
4.14
4.57
4.90
5.22
5.79
6.24
6.65
7.15
2.30
2.28
2.52
2.66
2.90
3.02
3.32
3.55
3.95
4.39
4.77
5.29
2.78
2.99
3.05
3.15
3.44
3.74
3.92
4.29
4.39
4.64
4.92
_
—
—
_
—
—
2.32
2.29
2.54
2.66
2.90
3.03
3.33
3.57
3.95
4.45
4.88
5.31
2.81
2.99
3.05
3.17
3.50
3.84
4.03
4.44
4.68
4.80
4.94
2.92
2.99
3.17
3.25
3.42
3.72
3.98
4.37
4.50
4.48
5.05
5.89
3.25
3.34
3.55
3.76
4.07
4.50
4.75
5.06
5.67
6.16
6.84
7.08
—
—
—
N ortheast
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
South
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2.98
—
—
—
—
_
—
2.91
3.03
3.17
3.34
3.58
3.79
4.03
4.39
5.41
5.79
6.02
6.50
N orth Central
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
_
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3.34
3.56
3.61
3.82
4.29
4.73
5.18
5.48
6.14
6.77
7.35
7.84
W est
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
See footnotes at end of table.
260
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3.62
3.82
4.03
4.27
4.60
5.14
5.44
5.77
6.79
7.31
7.89
8.00
Table 109. Average earnings1 for selected plant occupations in metropolitan areas by sex, industry
division, and region, 1967-78— Continued
Women
All workers
Item
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Shipping
packers
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
$1.70
1.83
1.96
2.11
2.26
2.37
2.50
2.67
3.01
3.25
3.47
3.73
$1.99
2.14
2.27
2.43
2.63
2.66
2.79
2.97
3.43
3.67
4.10
4.62
1.78
1.90
2.04
2.18
2.33
2.51
2.64
2.84
3.12
3.33
3.61
3.70
Men
Shipping
packers
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Shipping
packers
Material
handling
laborers
$1.49
1.65
1.80
1.89
2.01
2.11
2.22
2.38
2.70
2.91
3.12
3.27
$1.91
2.06
2.18
2.34
2.54
2.50
2.60
2.75
3.18
3.41
3.83
4.47
$1.74
1.86
1.99
2.15
2.30
2.42
2.55
2.73
3.06
3.30
3.52
3.81
$2.07
2.22
2.37
2.54
2.76
2.93
3.13
3.31
3.92
4.21
4.57
5.00
$2.27
2.40
2.53
2.67
2.89
3.12
3.29
3.51
4.01
4.38
4.62
5.09
$2.70
2.87
3.01
3.18
3.49
3.88
4.17
4.49
4.96
5.38
5.76
6.33
1.95
2.12
2.19
2.34
2.51
2.44
2.57
2.76
2.98
3.17
3.40
3.98
1.58
1.71
1.86
1.94
2.07
2.21
2.31
2.52
2.81
3.01
3.26
3.36
1.87
2.04
2.06
2.22
2.35
2.15
2.27
2.42
2.66
2.96
3.17
—
1.82
1.94
2.07
2.22
2.38
2.56
2.70
2.90
3.18
3.40
3.68
3.76
2.01
2.16
2.29
2.45
2.66
2.80
2.99
3.19
3.54
3.62
3.79
—
2.24
2.38
2.55
2.67
2.88
3.08
3.17
3.46
3.99
4.52
4.70
4.93
2.91
2.99
3.18
3.47
3.70
4.14
4.42
4.68
4.68
5.27
5.44
6.30
1.43
1.57
1.70
1.80
1.91
2.03
2.12
2.29
2.62
2.81
3.04
3.45
1.79
1.89
2.12
2.24
2.44
2.55
2.53
2.71
3.36
3.51
4.01
4.79
1.34
1.51
1.63
1.71
1.78
1.82
1.94
2.09
2.48
2.66
2.80
3.05
1.88
1.94
—
—
—
—
2.49
2.72
3.39
3.55
3.97
4.63
1.45
1.58
1.71
1.82
1.94
2.07
2.16
2.33
2.65
2.84
3.08
3.54
1.73
1.86
1.95
2.14
2.23
2.50
2.64
2.68
3.29
3.41
4.08
5.00
1.86
1.99
2.10
2.23
2.43
2.63
2.79
3.03
3.49
3.73
4.22
4.74
2.03
2.23
2.34
2.50
2.72
3.07
3.28
3.57
4.06
4.34
4.80
5.29
1.76
1.88
2.05
2.21
2.37
2.48
2.62
2.84
3.14
3.42
3.59
3.73
2.05
2.20
2.36
2.57
2.81
2.95
3.13
3.32
3.83
4.20
4.61
4.90
1.55
1.70
1.86
1.96
2.12
2.28
2.40
2.53
2.81
3.03
3.23
3.33
1.87
2.01
2.16
2.37
2.53
2.68
2.86
2.97
3.37
3.73
4.23
4.79
1.80
1.92
2.09
2.26
2.42
2.52
2.67
2.91
3.22
3.52
3.68
3.82
2.35
2.49
2.74
2.92
3.36
3.63
3.80
4.20
5.04
5.41
5.58
5.33
2.47
2.60
2.75
2.91
3.22
3.53
3.82
3.89
4.40
4.80
4.85
5.44
3.09
3.26
3.47
3.67
4.09
4.65
5.10
5.40
5.76
6.13
6.42
6.82
2.18
2.18
2.24
2.46
2.59
2.71
2.84
2.92
3.40
3.68
3.94
4.14
_
—
1.82
1.91
2.05
2.22
2.40
2.63
2.66
2.65
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2.21
2.20
2.26
2.48
2.61
2.72
2.85
2.95
3.44
3.72
3.96
4.20
_
2.70
2.76
2.87
3.07
3.24
3.53
3.79
4.15
4.42
5.01
—
3.22
3.34
3.41
3.53
3.96
4.29
4.54
4.94
5.81
6.39
7.11
7.83
“
~
Truckdrivers
Mainte
nance
trades
helpers
Electri
cians
M echan
ics
(motor
vehicles)
RETAIL TRADE
All metropolitan
areas
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
1975..............................
1976........................ .....
1977..............................
1978..............................
$2.28
2.48
2.58
2.71
3.07
3.24
3.33
3.53
—
—
—
—
$3.69
3.92
4.20
4.60
5.02
5.50
5.77
6.07
7.03
7.40
7.89
8.59
$3.21
3.35
3.53
3.76
4.12
4.53
4.92
5.28
6.07
6.72
7.04
7.59
Northeast
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3.79
4.00
4.26
4.69
5.10
5.61
5.97
6.49
7.49
7.51
7.96
8.92
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
. _
5.44
6.07
—
—
South
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972.........................
1973..............................
1974..............................
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2.86
2.98
3.11
3.28
3.63
4.05
4.43
4.71
5.49
6.00
—
—
6.59
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3.43
3.59
3.83
4.01
4.48
5.05
5.45
6.03
6.65
7.33
7.65
8.07
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3.67
3.89
4.12
—
—
_
—
5.82
7.37
8.09
—
—
—
6 .2 7
North Central
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
West
1967..............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1970..............................
1971..............................
1972..............................
1973..............................
1974..............................
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
See footnotes at end of table.
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
261
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Table 109. Average earnings1 for selected plant occupations in metropolitan areas by sex, industry
division, and region, 1967-78— Continued
All workers
Item
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Women
Shipping
packers
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Men
Shipping
packers
Janitors,
porters
and
cleaners
Shipping
packers
Material
handling
laborers
Truckdrivers
Mainte
nance
trades
helpers
Electri
cians
FIN AN CE,
IN SU R A N CE, A N D
R E A L ESTATE
A ll m etropolitan
areas
_
_
_
_
1967.............................
1968.............................
1969.............................
1970.............................
1971.............................
1972.............................
1973.............................
1974.............................
1975.............................
1976.............................
1977.............................
1978.............................
N ortheast
$1 86
2.00
2.13
2.30
2.45
2.68
2.87
3.08
3.37
3.67
3.84
4.20
1967.............................
1968.............................
1969........... .................
1970.............................
1971.............................
1972.............................
1973.............................
1974.............................
1975.............................
1976.............................
1977.............................
'197 8 ..............................
2.04
2.14
2.28
2.50
2.70
3.02
3.27
3.54
4.00
4.45
4.70
5.00
1.82
1.89
2.01
2.24
2.39
2.75
3.01
3 29
3.59
4.12
4.40
4.85
2.20
2.30
2.47
2.76
2.98
3.28
3.54
3.79
4.29
4.64
4.86
5.06
1.40
1.59
1.72
1.77
1.91
1.99
2.10
2.18
2.45
2.62
2.70
2.92
1.32
1.53
1.67
1.68
1.80
1.86
1.95
2.03
2.38
2.54
2.60
2.86
1.46
1.63
1.76
1.83
1.96
2.05
2.17
2.27
2.51
2.70
2.82
2.98
$1 72
1.86
1.95
2.14
2.28
2.53
2.71
2.91
3.10
3.35
3.48
3.92
$2.53
$1.98
2.11
2.27
2.45
2.60
2.81
3.01
3.22
3.58
3.91
4.10
4.38
2.86
$3.21
3.55
3.62
3.91
4.23
4.40
4.66
3.36
3.55
5 .0 9
$3.64
3.88
4.29
4.55
4.90
5.21
5.40
6.12
6.54
6.97
7.72
8.05
3.42
3.60
3.80
4.08
4.40
4.67
5.08
5.67
6.17
6.86
7.37
7.48
4.75
4.85
South
1967............................
1968.............................
1969.............................
1970.............................
1971.............................
1972.............................
1973.............................
1974.............................
1975.............................
1976.............................
1977.............................
1978.............................
North Central
1967.............................
1968..............................
1969..............................
1970.............................
1971.............................
1972.............................
1973..............................
1974.............................
1975.............................
1976.............................
1977.............................
1978.............................
1.94
2.08
2.18
2.33
2.47
2.61
2.74
3.10
3.44
3.75
3.77
4.13
—
_
_
—
_
1.82
1.97
2.01
2.20
2.30
2.46
2.61
2.87
3.16
3.48
3.48
3.96
_
—
2.11
2.23
2.42
2.50
2.70
2.81
2.93
3.34
3.70
3.98
3.90
4.22
_
_
_
I
_
_
I
z
2.04
2.11
2.31
2.41
2.56
2.78
3.07
3.54
3.49
3.85
4.34
4.18
1.91
2.06
2.20
_
_
_
2.10
2.13
2.36
2.45
2.61
2.80
3.16
3.51
3.56
4.00
4.36
4.07
See footnotes at end of table
262
A
OA
4.56
7.96
8.20
W est
1967.............................
1968.............................
1969.............................
1970.............................
1971.............................
1972.............................
1973.............................
1974..............................
1975.............................J
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
z
_
_
_
_
Mechan
ics
(motor
vehicles)
Table 109. Average earnings1 for selected plant occupations in metropolitan areas by sex, industry
division, and region, 1967-78— Continued
Item
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Men
Women
All workers
Shipping
packers
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Shipping
packers
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Shipping
packers
Material,
handling
laborers
Truckdrivers
Mainte
nance
trades
helpers
Electri
cians
M echan
ics
(motor
vehicles)
SELECTED
SER VICES
AH metropolitan
areas
1967.............................
1968.............................
1969.............................
1970.............................
1971.............................
1972.............................
1973.............................
1974.............................
1975.............................
1976.............................
1977.............................
1978.............................
$1.76
1.87
2.00
2.10
2.18
2.32
2.42
2.55
2.89
3.19
3.30
3.50
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
$3.05
3.05
3.44
$1.73
1.84
1.95
2.02
2.10
2.28
2.38
2.52
2.89
3.22
3.25
3.45
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
—
_
_
$1.77
1.88
2.02
2.14
2.22
2.34
2.44
2.57
2.89
3.17
3.24
3.49
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
—
_
_
$2.07
2.12
2.25
2.45
2.71
2.85
2.89
3.03
3.82
3.66
4.30
4.23
$2.64
2.73
2.97
3.15
3.35
3.60
3.83
4.18
4.50
4.87
4.86
5.35
_
_
_
_
_
2.65
2.77
2.98
3.21
3.42
3.71
4.03
4.19
4.31
4.65
4.90
5.18
$2.56
2.65
2.83
3.02
3.23
3.32
3.46
3.54
3.76
4.10
4.54
5.08
$3.62
3.79
4.08
4.38
4.73
5.04
5.21
5.34
5.90
6.60
7.21
7.77
$3.22
3.34
3.71
3.80
4.06
4.35
4.65
5.14
5.68
6.07
6.48
6.92
3.21
3.40
3.68
3.99
4.23
4.39
4.68
4.89
5.34
5.98
6.47
7.01
3.38
3.43
3.89
3.98
4.14
4.45
4.80
5.16
_
2.71
2.86
3.04
3.19
Northeast
1967.............................
1968.............................
1969.............................
1970.............................
1971.............................
1972.............................
1973.............................
1974.............................
1975.............................
1976.............................
1977.............................
1978.............................
1.89
2.00
2.17
2.32
2.45
2.73
2.90
3.06
3.54
3.92
4.05
4.20
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1.85
1.96
2.14
2.22
2.36
2.75
2.97
3.16
3.64
4.11
4.20
4.32
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
1.91
2.03
2.19
2.38
2.50
2.71
2.85
3.00
3.48
3.78
3.85
4.01
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
2.81
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
6.75
6.96
South
1967.............................
1968.............................
1969.............................
1970.............................
1971.............................
1972.............................
1973.............................
1974.............................
1975.............................
1976.............................
1977.............................
1978.............................
1.37
1.53
1.62
1.66
1.69
1.79
1.80
1.90
2.19
2.40
2.44
2.74
1.36
1.52
1.63
1.69
1.72
1.81
1.84
1.94
2.23
2.43
2.47
2.77
_
_
1.36
1.52
1.64
1.70
1.74
1.82
1.87
1.97
2.26
2.45
2.50
2.79
_'
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
2.07
2.21
2.27
2.42
2.71
2.96
3.15
3.14
2.19
2.27
2.50
2.64
2.83
3.06
3.26
3.53
3.79
3.90
4.12
4.58
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
6.36
6.94
7.23
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
3.85
4.13
4.61
5.24
5.53
5.71
6.34
North Central
1967.............................
1968.............................
1969.............................
1970.............................
1971.............................
1972.............................
1973.............................
1974.............................
1975.............................
1976.............................
1977.............................
1978.............................
1.70
1.80
1.93
2.04
2.15
2.25
2.32
2.45
2.77
2.97
3.18
3.46
_
—
_
—
1.68
1.74
1.85
1.96
2.09
2.17
2.25
2.47
2.80
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
1.72
1.84
1.97
2.08
2.19
2.30
2.36
2.44
2.75
3.00
—
3.53
—
_
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
3.37
2.84
2.92
3.20
3.47
3.68
4.07
4.43
5.16
5.53
6.10
5.35
6.27
_
_
3.34
_
3.90
5.67
6.39
6.71
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
West
1967.............................
1968.............................
1969.............................
1970.............................
1971.............................
1972.............................
1973.............................
1974.............................
2.12
2.16
2.30
2.46
2.45
2.57
2.69
2.84
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2.01
2.07
2.16
2.32
2.27
2.34
2.47
2.55
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2.14
2.18
2.33
2.49
2.49
2.64
2.76
2.93
See footnotes at end of table.
263
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3.29
3.35
3.49
3.58
3.87
4.04
4.19
4.46
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
3.93
4.05
4.37
4.52
4.96
5.23
5.44
—
_
—
—
4.20
4.36
—
—
—
Table 109. Average earnings1 for selected plant occupations in metropolitan areas by sex, industry
division, and region, 1967-78— Continued
Item
Men
Women
All workers
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Shipping
packers
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Shipping
packers
Janitors,
porters,
and
cleaners
Shipping
packers
Material,
handling
laborers
Truckdrivers
Mainte
nance
trades
helpers
Electri
cians
M echan
ics
(motor
vehicles)
W est— Continued
1975..............................
1976..............................
1977..............................
1978..............................
$3.20
3.59
3.79
4.06
—
—
—
—
—
$3.90
—
—
$3.57
3.73
4.11
—
1 Earnings relate to hourly earnings excluding premium pay for overtime,
weekend, holiday, or late-shift work, and wage supplements. Data are de
rived by statistically combining average earnings from surveys conducted
annually in selected Standard Metropolitan Statistical Areas (SM SA’s).
Earnings for these and other occupations are available for the S M S A ’s sur
veyed. Because the surveys are conducted at various times throughout the
264
—
—
—
—
_
—
$4.76
5.24
5.67
5.93
_
_
_
_
_
—
$8.53
—
_
year, combined data relate to an average payroll month of reference. For
1975 and subsequent years, data relate to July (individual area data were
combined on a calendar year basis). Before 1975, data relate to Feb. (indi
vidual area data were combined on a fiscal year— July through June—
basis).
N o t e : Dashes indicate data not available.
Table 110. Average earnings1 for selected office occupations in all metropolitan areas by sex,
industry division, and region, 1967-78
Item
Men
Women
All workers
Accounting
clerks,
class B
Messengers
Computer
programmers,
class B
Systems
analysts,
class B
Accounting
clerks,
class B
M essen
gers
Computer
program
mers,
class B
Systems
ana
lysts,
class B
Ac
counting
clerks,
class B
M essen
gers
Computer
program
mers,
class B
Systems
ana
lysts,
class B
$84.50
88.50
93.00
99.00
105.00
111.00
116.00
122.50
136.00
146.00
156.00
166.00
$70.50
75.50
80.00
86.00
91.50
96.50
100.50
107.50
120.50
129.50
138.50
145.00
_
'—
—
—
$189.50
198.50
208.00
219.50
240.50
256.50
274.00
292.00
—
—
——
$238.00
251.00
261.50
275.00
303.50
323.50
345.50
369.00
$82.00
86.00
90.50
96.50
103.00
108.50
114.00
120.50
134.00
143.00
153.50
163.50
$68.50
73.00
77.00
82.00
87.00
93.00
96.00
103.00
115.50
124.00
133.00
140.00
—
—
—
—
$182.50
189.50
201.00
211.50
231.50
245.50
262.50
279.00
—
—
—
—
$223.50
238.50
248.00
266.00
291.50
309.50
—
—
$101.50
106.50
112.50
119.50
128.50
134.50
141.00
148.00
164.00
176.50
185.00
—
$72.00
77.00
82.50
88.50
94.00
99.00
103.50
110.50
124.50
132.50
141.00
147.50
—
—
—
—
$191.00
201.00
210.00
221.50
243.00
259.50
274.00
292.50
—
—
—
—
$239.50
253.00
264.00
276.50
306.00
325.00
346.00
370.50
84.00
88.00
93.00
100.50
107.50
114.50
120.00
127.00
138.50
149.50
160.50
165.00
70.50
75.00
80.00
87.00
93.50
99.50
104.00
110.00
122.50
131.50
140.00
140.00
—
—
—
—
195.00
206.00
216.00
228.00
245.00
259.00
276.00
288.50
—
—
—
—
245.00
259.00
272.00
285.00
315.50
334.50
357.00
374.50
81.00
85.00
90.00
96.50
103.50
110.50
116.50
123.00
134.50
144.50
156.00
161.00
69.00
73.00
77.50
82.00
89.50
97.50
101.00
105.50
115.00
126.50
137.00
137.50
—
—
—
—
189.00
198.50
213.50
223.50
237.00
251.50
—
—
—
—
—
—
232.00
250.50
260.00
276.50
306.00
—
—
—
98.50
106.00
111.50
119.00
128.00
136.00
143.00
153.50
169.50
186.50
193.50
199.50
71.00
76.00
81.50
89.00
95.50
100.50
105.00
112.00
126.50
133.50
141.00
141.00
—
—
—
—
197.00
208.50
216.50
229.50
248.00
262.00
272.00
282.50
—
—
—
—
247.00
260.50
274.00
287.00
317.00
333.50
352.00
368.00
81.00
84.50
88.50
93.50
98.50
104.00
109.50
115.00
130.50
139.00
148.00
158.50
66.50
71.00
76.00
80.50
85.50
90.00
95.00
101.50
116.00
125.00
134.00
141.00
—
—
—
—
178.00
187.50
196.00
206.00
225.50
243.50
261.50
284.00
—
—
—
—
227.50
241.50
253.00
262.00
289.50
310.50
334.00
357.00
79.00
82.00
86.00
91.00
96.50
102.00
107.50
113.50
128.50
137,00
146.00
157.00
64.00
69.00
73.00
78.00
82.00
86.00
91.50
97.50
113.00
121.00
131.00
134.50
_
—
—
—
167.50
178.00
185.50
196.50
212.50
229.50
251.00
270.50
—
—
—
—
—
232.00
246.00
251.00
281.00
294.50
323.00
350.00
98.50
102.50
109.00
114.00
123.50
127.50
134.00
139.50
156.00
166.00
177.00
181.50
68.00
72.50
78.00
82.00
87,50
92.50
97.00
104.00
118.50
127.50
136.50
146.50
_
—
—
—
181.00
190.00
199.00
208.50
229.00
249.00
264.50
288.50
_
—
—
—
229.00
242.50
254.00
264.00
291.50
314.00
336.50
358.50
84.50
89.00
93.50
99.50
106.50
112.00
117.00
123.50
137.00
146.00
156.00
167.50
71.50
76.00
81.00
86.00
91.00
96.00
99.50
107.50
120.50
128.50
138.00
147.00
—
—
—
—
187.50
197.50
206.50
218.50
243.00
258.00
276.50
292.50
—
—
—
—
235.50
248.00
258.50
273.00
302.00
321.50
346.00
373.00
82.50
86.50
91.50
97.50
104.50
110.00
115.50
122.00
135.50
144.50
154.00
165.50
69.00
73.50
78.00
82.00
87.00
92.50
95.00
104.00
117.00
124.00
132.00
139.50
_
—
—
—
180.50
188.00
196.00
207.50
234.50
245.50
265.50
279.00
_
—
—
—
218.00
229.00
239.50
262.50
290.00
309.00
325.50
—
105.00
109.00
116.00
125.00
135.00
141.50
145.50
147.00
167.00
175.50
181.00
—
74.00
79.00
85.00
91.00
96.50
101.00
105.50
112.50
125.00
134.50
142.50
151.00
_
—
—
—
189.00
199.50
209.00
221.50
245.50
261.50
278.50
295.50
_
—
—
—
237.00
250.50
261.00
275.00
304.00
324.00
349.50
379.50
91.50
94.50
98.00
103.00
110.00
116.00
121.00
126.50
142.00
153.00
166.50
178.00
76.00
80.50
83.50
88.50
94.00
98.00
103.00
109.00
123.00
134.00
142.50
159.00
_
—
—
—
195.50
202.00
214.50
225.00
254.50
272.00
288.00’
311.50
_
—
—
—
237.00
251.50
262.00
278.00
302.50
320.50
339.00
368.00
90.00
93.50
97.00
102.00
109.50
115.00
120.00
126.00
139.50
150.50
162.50
176.50
73.50
78.00
79.50
84.50
89.50
93.00
96.50
102.50
—
127.00
132.50
151.00
_■
—
—
—
190.00
191.50
209.50
220.50
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
232.00
245.50
269.50
—
—
—
107.50
112.00
117.50
124.50
127.50
133.00
143.00
143.00
—
—
—
78.00
82.50
86.50
91.50
97.00
102.00
107.50
114.00
130.00
136.00
144.50
166.50
_
_
—
_
197.00
204.50
216.00
226.50
255.00
271.00
285.50
313.00
_
_
1_
239.50
254.00
264.50
279.50
309.50
326.00
342.00
374.50
ALL
INDUSTRIES
A ll m etropolitan
areas
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
Northeast
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
South
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
North Central
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
West
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
See footnotes al: end of tabile.
265
—
.
Table 110. Average earnings1 for selected office occupations in all metropolitan areas by sex,
industry division, and region, 1967-78— Continued
All workers
Item
Accounting
clerks,
class B
Women
Computer
programmers,
class B
Messengers
Systems
analysts,
class B
Accounting
clerks,
class B
Men
I Computer
program
mers,
class B
Systems
ana
lysts,
class B
$74.00
78.50
84.50
90.00
96.00
101.50
106.50
113.50
127.00
136.00
145.50
154.50
_
—
_
_
$196.50
205.00
214.50
227.00
250.00
266.00
285.00
306.00
_
_
_
_
$246.50
259.00
271.50
283.00
314.00
333.50
362.00
386.50
71.50
76.50
82.00
88.50
96.00
102.00
105.50
112.00
125.00
133.00
142.00
147.50
_
—
—
_
196.50
209.00
216.50
227.50
246.00
259.50
275.00
292.00
_
_
_
_
243.50
259.00
274.00
282.00
315.00
330.50
367.50
377.50
M essen
gers
Computer
program
mers,
class B
Systems
ana
lysts,
class B
Ac
counting
clerks,
class B
M essen
gers
$73.00
77.50
81.50
86.50
92.50
99.00
101.50
109.50
123.00
130.50
141.50
149.00
—
—
—
—
$190.50
190.00
205.00
216.50
235.00
253.50
266.50
288.00
_
—
—
—
$227.50
247.00
255.50
273.50
293.50
306.50
—
—
$104.00
108.00
115.00
120.00
128.00
135.50
143.50
154.00
173.50
182.00
195.00
213.00
M AN UFACTUR
ING
A ll m etropolitan
areas
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
—
_
—
—
—
—
$89.00
92.50
96.50
102.00
109.00
115.00
119.50
126.00
142.00 '
151.00
161.00
172.50
$73.50
78.50
83.00
88.50
95.00
100.50
104.50
112.00
125.00
134.00
143.00
152.50
—
$195.50
202.50
213.00
225.00
247.00
263.50
280.50
301.50
—
$244.50
257.50
270.00
282.00
312.00
330.50
357.00
380.50
$86.00
90.00
94.00
100.00
107.00
112.50
117.00
123.50
139.50
149.00
158.00
169.50
86.50
90.50
94.50
101.50
109.50
117.00
121.50
129.00
142.00
153.50
162.50
172.50
71.50
76.00
81.00
87.50
94.50
101.00
104.50
111.00
123.00
132.00
141.00
147.00
—
—
—
—
197.00
207.50
215.50
226.00
242.50
258.00
274.50
288.00
—
—
—
—
243.00
261.00
273.50
283.00
313.50
328.50
362.50
373.00
84.00
87.50
92.00
99.00
106.50
114.00
117.50
124.50
138.00
149.00
157.00
166.00
71.50
75.00
79.50
86.00
91.00
99.50
103.50
109.00
119.50
127.50
138.00
145.00
_
—
—
—
200.00
198.50
212.00
218.00
230.50
253.50
272.00
276.50
_
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
_
314.00
—
102.00
106.50
112.50
116.50
126.50
136.00
145.00
160.50
174.00
188.50
207.00
228.50
85.50
89.00
91.50
96.50
102.00
106.00
112.00
117.00
135.00
143.50
152.00
163.50
70.50
76.50
81.50
85.00
90.50
95.00
100.00
106.50
119.00
128.00
137.50
145.00
—
—
—
186.00
191.00
203.00
212.00
233.00
250.00
265.50
289.00
—
—
—
—
235.00
251.50
257.50
267.50
303.00
319.00
340.00
370.50
81.50
85.50
88.50
93.50
99.00
103.50
109.00
114.00
133.00
141.00
150.00
161.50
68.50
75.50
81.00
85.00
91.00
92.00
96.50
102.00
116.00
125.00
—
—
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
216.50
240.00
249.00
277.00
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
103.00
105.00
112.00
116.00
124.00
129.50
140.50
148.00
172.50
175.50
182.00
194.50
71.50
77.00
81.50
85.00
90.50
96.50
102.00
109.00
121.50
130.50
—
—
_
—
_
_
189.00
192.50
204.00
214.50
238.00
254.00
272.00
294.00
_
_
_
_
236.50
253.00
259.00
269.00
305.50
325.00
342.00
371.00
89.50
93.50
97.50
104.00
111.50
117.50
121.50
128.50
145.50
154.00
163.50
176.50
74.50
79.00
83.50
89.50
96.00
101.50
104.00
113.00
128.00
136.50
146.00
158.50
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
192.50
203.00
212.50
226.00
250.50
267.50
285.50
306.00
—
250.50
258.00
269.00
281.00
311.50
335.00
361.50
388.00
87.00
91.00
95.50
102.00
109.50
116.00
120.00
127.00
143.50
152.50
161.50
174.00
73.50
78.00
81.50
86.00
94.00
100.50
101.00
112.50
128.50
134.50
144.00
152.00
_
—
—
—
183.50
191.50
201.00
217.00
244.00
255.00
265.50
287.50
_
_
_
—
—
_
—
306.50
322.00
—
106.50
111.00
118.00
126.50
134.50
141.50
146.00
156.50
175.50
183.00
190.50
—
75.00
79.50
85.50
92.50
98.50
102.50
107.00
113.50
127.50
139.50
148.50
161.50
_
—
_
—
194.50
205.00
215.00
228.00
252.00
269.50
291.00
311.50
_
—
_
_
252.00
260.00
270.50
283.00
313.50
338.00
366.50
397.00
95.50
98.50
102.50
106.00
113.50
116.50
121.00
126.50
144.50
153.50
168.50
179.50
81.00
86.00
89.00
92.50
97.50
103.50
111.00
117.00
134.00
144.50
154.00
162.50
—
—
—
—
204.00
204.00
220.00
232.50
261.00
279.50
296.00
323.50
—
—
—
—
240.50
256.00
274.00
290.00
319.50
334.00
357.50
384.50
94.50
98.00
101.00
105.50
113.00
115.50
120.50
126.00
143.00
153.00
167.00
179.50
80.50
85.50
85.50
89.50
94.50
100.00
—
—
—
—
—
181.00
_
—
—
_
105.50
108.50
119.50
_
81.00
86.50
91.00
95.00
99.50
105.00
112.50
121.50
143.50
154.00
165.50
174.50
_
_
_
_
205.00
210.00
222.00
234.50
266.00
281.00
302.00
327.50
_
_
_
_
Northeast
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
,
—
South
1967.................... .
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
—
North Central
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
—
—
W est
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
—
110.00
124.00
135.50
143.50
153.50
le.
See footnotes att end of tal!>
266
—
—
—
—
—
—
247.50
_
—
319.00
_
_
_
—
—
132.50
133.50
141.00
_
_
_
—
243.00
259.00
276.50
291.50
322.50
338.50
362.50
392.00
Table 110. Average earnings1 for selected office occupations in all metropolitan areas by sex,
industry division, and region, 1967-78— Continued
Women
All workers
Item
Accounting
clerks,
class B
M essen
gers
—
—
$232.00
246.50
256.00
270.50
298.00
319.00
339.00
362.50
$80.50
84.00
89.00
95.00
101.00
107.00
112.50
119.00
131.50
141.00
151.50
161.50
$67.00
71.00
75.50
80.50
85.00
91.00
94.50
100.50
113.00
122.00
130.50
136.50
—
—
—
—
194.00
205.50
216.00
229.00
246.50
259.50
276.50
288.50
—
—
—
—
246.50
258.00
271.50
286.50
316.50
337.50
354.50
375.50
79.50
83.50
89.00
96.50
102.50
109.00
115.50
122.00
132.50
143.00
156.00
159.00
—
—
—
—
176.00
186.50
194.50
204.00
223.50
241.50
260.50
282.50
—
—
—
—
225.50
238.50
251.50
260.50
283.50
307.50
331.50
350.50
—
—
—
—
—
220.00
238.50
248.00
266.50
293.50
311.00
334.00
360.00
Computer
programmers,
class B
Systems
analysts,
class B
Accounting
clerks,
class B
Messengers
$82.50
86.50
91.00
97.00
103.50
109.50
114.50
121.00
134.00
144.00
154.50
163.50
$69.50
74.00
79.00
84.50
90.00
95.00
99.00
105.50
119.00
128.00
136.50
142.50
—
—
$185.50
196.50
205.50
216.50
237.50
253.00
271.00
288.00
82.00
87.00
92.50
100.00
106.50
113.00
119.00
126.50
136.50
148.00
160.00
162.00
70.00
74.50
79.50
87.00
93.00
98.50
103.50
109.50
122.00
131.50
139.50
137.00
80.00
83.50
87.50
92.50
97.50
103.00
108.50
115.00
129.00
138.00
147.00
157.50
65.00
69.50
74.00
79.00
84.00
89.00
94.00
100.50
115.50
124.00
133.00
140.00
81.50
86.00
91.00
97.00
103.50
109.00
114.50
120.50
132.50
142.00
152.50
163.50
69.50
74.50
80.00
84.50
89.00
94.00
97.50
105.50
117.50
125.50
134.50
143.00
—
—
182.50
193.00
201.50
212.50
238.00
252.00
270.00
282.50
89.50
92.50
96.50
101.50
109.50
116.00
121.00
126.50
141.00
152.50
165.50
178.00
73.50
78.00
81.00
87.00
92.00
96.00
100.00
106.00
120.50
132.00
140.00
158.00
_
_
—
—
—
190.00
201.00
212.00
221.00
250.50
268.00
284.50
306.50
—
—
—
232.50
246.00
249.00
265.50
291.00
312.50
328.50
358.00
Men
Computer
program
mers,
class B
Systems
ana
lysts,
class B
A c
counting
clerks,
class B
M essen
gers
Computer
program
mers,
class B
Systems
ana
lysts,
class B
NONMANUFAC
TURING
All metropolitan
areas
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
$179.50
189.50
199.00
209.50
229.50
242.50
—
—
—
—
—
$222.00
235.50
245.50
263.50
290.50
—
—
—
$99.50
105.50
111.50
119.50
128.50
134.50
140.00
145.00
160.00
174.00
—
—
$71.50
76.00
81.50
87.50
93.50
98.00
102.50
109.50
124.00
131.50
139.50
145.50
—
—
—
$188.00
198.50
207.50
218.50
239.50
256.50
268.50
286.50
—
——
$233.50
248.50
258.00
272.00
300.00
319.50
336.00
360.00
68.00
72.00
77.00
83.00
89.00
96.50
100.00
104.50
113.00
126.00
137.00
133.50
—
—
—
—
185.50
198.50
214.00
225.50
239.50
251.00
97.00
105.50
111.50
120.00
129.00
135.50
142.00
151.00
168.00
185.50
188.50
187.00
71.00
76.00
81.50
89.00
95.00
100.00
105.00
112.50
126.50
134.00
141.00
138.50
—
—
—
—
197.50
208.00
217.00
230.50
249.00
263.00
270.50
278.50
—
—
—
—
249.50
261.50
274.50
290.00
318.50
336.00
—
—
—
—
—
230.50
242.50
258.00
273.00
307.00
—
—
—
78.00
81.50
85.50
90.50
95.50
101.50
107.00
113.50
127.00
136.00
145.00
155.50
62.50
67.00
70.50
75.50
80.00
85.00
90.50
97.00
112.00
120.00
129.50
131.50
—
—
—
—
166.50
177.50
183.00
196.00
211.50
226.00
252.00
269.00
—
—
—
—
—
233.00
247.50
252.00
281.00
298.00
321.50
343.50
96.00
101.00
107.50
113.00
123.00
126.50
131.00
136.00
151.00
163.00
175.50
178.00
66.50
71.50
77.00
81.50
87.00
91.50
96.00
103.00
118.00
127.00
135.50
146.00
—
—
—
179.00
189.50
197.50
206.50
226.50
247.50
263.00
287.00
—
—
—
—
226 50
239.50
252.00
262.00
284.00
309.50
334.00
352.50
79.50
84.00
89.00
95.00
101.00
107.00
112.50
119.00
131.50
140.50
150.50
161.50
66.50
71.00
76.00
80.00
84.00
89.50
93.00
100.50
113.00
119.50
127.50
135.00
—
—
—
178.00
186.00
193.00
202.00
230.00
242.00
265.00
274.00
—
—
—
—
—
227.50
235.00
263.00
290.50
310.50
326.50
—
103.00
107.50
115.00
124.00
135.50
141.50
145.00
141.50
161.50
171.00
73.50
78.50
84.50
90.00
96.00
100.50
105.00
112.00
123.50
132.00
140.00
147.00
—
—
—
—
184.00
195.00
204.00
215.50
241.00
255.50
268.50
283.00
—
—
—
—
221.00
240.50
251.00
267.50
294.00
310.50
333.50
361.50
88.00
91.50
95.00
100.50
108.00
115.00
119.50
126.00
138.50
149.50
161.00
175.50
70.50
75.00
77.50
82.50
87.50
91.00
94.50
100.00
—
124.50
129.50
150.50
_
—
—
—
185.50
199.00
208.00
218.00
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
260.00
—
—
—
108.50
114.50
117.00
124.50
128.00
133.00
148.00
144.00
—
—
—
76.50
81.00
83.50
90.00
96.00
100.50
105.50
111.00
—
132.00
140.50
164.50
—
—
_
—
191.00
201.50
212.50
222.00
249.00
265.50
_
307.50
_
—
—
—
234.00
248.00
251.50
267.00
_
317.00
329.00
364.00
—
—
—
—
Northeast
1967..:....................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971.................:....
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
—
—
363.50
South
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
—
North Central
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
—
—
—
—
West
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
—
~
See footnotes at end of tatlie.
267
Table 110. Average earnings1 for selected office occupations In metropolitan areas by sex, industry
division, and region, 1967-78— Continued
All workers
Item
Women
Messengers
Computer
programmers,
class B
Systems
analysts,
class B
Accounting
clerks,
class B
$91.00
94.00
99.50
105.50
113.00
125.00
137.00
147.00
170.50
186.00
202.50
213.50
$79.50
83.50
88.00
93.00
102.00
112.00
121.50
131.50
152.00
172.00
183.50
187.50
—
—
—
—
$203.50
219.50
230.50
244.00
278.00
302.00
328.00
347.00
—
—
—
—
$235.00
254.50
271.00
292.50
331.50
363.00
386.00
413.00
91.00
93.50
99.50
105.50
112.00
124.50
138.00
151.00
180.50
199.50
216.00
218.50
79.50
83.50
87.50
94.50
107.00
120.00
129.50
140.00
159.00
184.00
198.00
183.00
—
—
—
210.50
232.50
243.50
263.50
297.50
327.00
358.50
373.00
88.00
91.50
98.00
102.00
110.00
120.50
131.00
139.50
161.00
171.50
189.50
200.50
74.50
78.00
83.00
86.50
93.00
101.00
110.50
120.50
139.00
153.50
162.50
174.50
91.50
95.50
100.50
108.00
117.00
129.50
139.00
147.00
171.50
185.50
197.50
218.00
Accounting
clerks,
class B
Men
M essen
gers
Computer
program
mers,
class B
Systems
ana
lysts,
class B
A c
counting
clerks,
class B
M essen
gers
Computer
program
mers,
class B
System s
ana
lysts,
class B
$87.50
90.50
96.00
102.00
109.00
121.50
133.50
144.00
166.00
180.50
198.00
210.50
$75.00
78.00
82.50
87.50
96.00
109.00
117.50
128.50
144.50
165.00
176.50
—
—
—
—
—
$196.50
214.50
228.00
237.50
273.50
294.00
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
$245.00
271.50
290.50
331.50
360.00
—
—
$109.00
114.50
123.00
127.50
142.00
152.00
163.50
167.50
—
—
_
—
$82.00
87.50
92.00
97.50
107.00
115.00
125.00
133.50
158.00
174.50
185.00
—
_
—
—
—
$206.00
221.00
231.50
246.00
279.50
305.00
—
—
_
—
—
_
$237.00
256.50
271.00
293.00
330.50
362.50
_
—
—
—
—
—
244.00
265.50
291.50
310.00
353.50
387.50
415.50
454.50
86.50
88.00
93.50
100.00
105.50
117.50
132.00
144.50
173.00
191.00
211.00
215.50
73.00
76.00
82.50
88.50
100.50
118.50
127.50
138.50
146.50
183.50
205.00
—
—
—
—
—
—
112.00
119.50
127.50
131.00
144.50
153.50
166.00
172.50
202.50
225.00
235.50
229.00
82.00
88.00
91.00
99.00
112.00
121.50
131.00
141.00
164.50
185.00
193.00
185.00
_
_
_
_
215.50
233.50
247.00
266.50
298.50
329.00
_
—
_
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
201.50
214.00
221.00
234.50
261.00
281.50
308.00
330.00
—
—
—
—
216.50
236.00
—
—
297.50
329.00
347.00
369.50
86.00
89.50
95.00
99.50
107.00
118.00
128.50
138.00
159.50
168.00
187.00
199.50
70.00
73.50
—
—
—
—
107.00
117.50
135.50
151.00
154.50
162.00
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
102.50
106.50
115.00
120.00
132.00
140.00
150.00
150.50
—
—
—
—
77.00
81.00
87.00
89.50
96.00
103.50
113.00
122.50
142.50
155.50
170.50
186.00
—
—
—
—
—
215.50
221.50
239.00
262.50
289.50
314.00
335.00
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
327.50
346.50
367.50
84.00
87.50
92.50
97.50
105.00
115.00
125.00
136.00
161.50
181.50
192.00
203.50
—
—
—
—
197.50
213.00
224.50
234.00
272.50
294.00
315.50
334.00
—
—
—
—
231.50
251.50
261.50
290.00
330.00
355.50
380.50
411.50
88.00
91.50
97.50
105.00
112.50
125.00
135.00
144.50
169.50
183.50
194.00
213.50
78.50
79.50
85.50
90.50
97.00
108.00
118.00
131.50
154.00
170.00
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
263.00
288.50
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
349.00
—
—
109.00
114.00
122.50
128.50
149.50
166.00
176.00
177.50
191.00
204.00
—
—
89.50
96.00
100.00
105.50
114.50
123.00
133.50
141.50
168.00
186.50
—
—
—
—
—
199.00
214.00
224.50
236.50
276.00
296.50
317.50
330.50
—
—
—
—
233.00
252.00
261.50
290.00
330.00
358.50
381.50
—
83.00
86.50
89.50
93.00
99.50
111.00
116.50
124.00
149.50
166.50
177.00
185.00
—
—
—
—
204.50
222.00
—
—
—
—
—
—
93.00
95.00
99.00
105.50
115.00
127.50
142.00
153.50
164.00
185.00
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
118.50
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
-
TRANSPO RTA
TION CO M M U NI
CATIO N , A N D
O T H E R P U B LIC
UTILITIES
A ll m etropolitan
areas
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
Northeast
1967......................
1968.......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
249.50
272.00
293.00
312.00
353.50
386.50
_
—
South
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
North Central
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978.......................
West
96.00
1967.......................
97.50
1968.......................
101.50
1969.......................
107.50
1970......................
117.00
1971......................
1972......................
129.00
143.50
1973......................
1974......................
154.50
1975......................
170.50
192.50
1976......................
1977......................
215.50
1978......................
234.00
See footnotes at end of talble.
—
245.50
—
—
—
346.50
—
—
323.00
355.50
379.00
—
268
—
—
—
—
—
Table 110. Average earnings1 for selected office occupations in all metropolitan areas by sex,
industry division, and region, 1967-78— Continued
All workers
Item
Women
Messengers
Computer
programmers,
class B
Systems
analysts,
class B
Accounting
clerks,
class B
$87.50
92.00
96.50
102.50
109.00
114.00
117.00
122.00
134.00
144.00
151.50
162.00
$69.50
75.00
79.00
86.00
91.00
98.00
102.00
108.50
123.50
133.00
142.00
152.00
—
—
—
—
$182.00
196.50
204.00
215.00
232.50
249.50
269.00
283.00
—
—
—
—
$230.50
253.00
267.50
271.50
287.50
310.50
333.00
354.50
85.00
90.00
95.50
105.50
111.00
117.00
119.50
125.50
128.00
141.50
149.50
159.50
70.50
74.00
79.50
90.50
96.00
102.50
107.50
114.50
123.50
133.00
140.00
142.00
—
—
—
—
187.50
203.00
216.00
227.00
245.50
264.50
279.50
270.50
88.50
92.00
95.00
99.50
103.00
107.50
109.00
113.50
132.50
141.50
149.00
156.50
66.50
72.50
77.50
81.50
86.50
93.00
95.00
104.00
124.50
134.00
141.00
152.00
86.00
91.00
96.00
102.00
109.00
114.50
118.00
123.00
138.50
148.00
151.50
162.50
68.50
75.00
78.50
84.00
88.50
98.00
100.50
106.50
123.50
131.50
143.00
152.50
Accounting
clerks,
class B
Men
M essen
gers
Computer
program
mers,
class B
Systems
ana
lysts,
class B
Ac
counting
clerks,
class B
M essen
gers
Computer
program
mers,
class B
Systems
ana
lysts,
class B
$83.50
87.50
93.00
99.00
106.00
110.50
114.00
120.00
132.50
142.50
150.00
161.50
$67.50
72.50
76.00
81.00
85.50
93.00
95.50
101.50
118.00
129.50
138.00
149.00
—
—
—
—
—
$179.00
192.00
—
210.00
226.00
259.00
264.50
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
$329.50
$ 103.00
107.50
113.50
123.00
132.50
137.50
140.00
141.00
151.00
164.50
173.00
176.50
$71.00
77.00
81.50
89.50
96.00
102.00
107.00
114.50
127.50
136.50
146.00
156.50
—
—
—
—
$186.00
200.50
206.50
216.50
239.00
257.50
270.50
288.50
—
—
—
—
$231.00
255.00
269.00
274.50
293.50
313.00
336.50
362.00
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
80.00
85.00
90.00
101.00
107.00
112.50
115.50
122.00
126.50
139.00
148.00
159.00
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
100.00
106.50
112.00
122.00
133.00
139.00
141.00
146.00
153.00
173.00
167.50
—
70.50
75.00
80.50
91.50
97.50
104.50
109.50
117.00
125.00
135.00
141.50
—
_
—
—
—
205.00
219.00
222.00
232.50
263.50
273.00
285.50
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
170.50
180.00
186.50
198.00
218.00
234.00
250.50
277.50
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
290.50
301.00
323.50
—
85.00
88.00
91.50
96.50
100.50
104.50
107.00
112.00
131.50
140.00
147.50
156.00
65.00
—
—
—
—
89.50
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
101.00
104.50
108.50
116.00
123.50
128.00
128.00
131.50
147.50
162.50
169.50
169.00
68.00
74.50
80.00
83.50
91.00
95.50
97.00
106.00
132.00
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
184.00
190.00
200.50
228.50
248.50
252.50
281.00
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
295.00
304.50
327.00
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
269.50
283.00
276.00
276.00
310.00
337.50
356.00
82.00
86.00
92.00
97.50
105.50
111.00
115.50
121.50
137.00
146.50
149.50
162.00
67.00
73.00
76.00
80.00
83.50
92.50
94.00
101.00
117.50
128.50
137.00
145.00
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
106.50
110.50
121.00
131.00
139.00
142.50
141.00
138.50
157.00
178.00
192.50
—
71.50
79.00
83.50
89.00
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
181.50
208.50
211.50
220.50
230.50
250.50
271.50
294.50
_
—
—
—
—
271.50
286.50
—
280.00
310.50
345.50
373.50
_
—
—
—
—
—
90.50
95.50
101.00
103.50
114.50
117.00
123.00
127.50
136.50
146.00
158.50
169.00
_
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
■
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
_
—
_
_
_
—
—
—
276.50
—
_
_
_
—
_
_
_
_
_
—
—
W H O LE S A LE
TRADE
All metropolitan
areas
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973........ .............
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
Northeast
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
South
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974........... ...........
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
North Central
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
—
—
183.00
207.50
211.50
222.00
232.50
246.50
272.00
291.50
West
1967......................
92.00
75.50
97.50
1968......................
79.50
103.00
1969......................
81.50
104.50
1970......................
87.50
1971......................
116.00
91.50
118.50
1972......................
97.50
126.00
105.50
1973......................
1974......................
129.00
108.00
137.00
121.00
1975.......... ............
—
1976......................
146.00
—
1977......................
159.00
1978......................
169.50
See footnotes at end of tat)le
_
—
—
—
184.00
—
205.00
—
232.50
260.00
276.00
286.00
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
269
—
—
—
—
—-
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Table 110. Average earnings1 for selected office occupations in all metropolitan areas by sex,
industry division, and region, 1967-78— Continued
Women
All workers
Item
Men
M essen
gers
Computer
program
mers,
class B
Systems
ana
lysts,
class B
Ac
counting
clerks,
class B
M essen
gers
Computer
program
mers,
class B
System s
ana
lysts,
class B
$75.50
80.00
84.50
90.00
95.50
100.50
104.50
109.50
121.00
129.00
139.00
151.00
$»64.50
71.00
74.50
79.50
86.50
91.00
95.00
101.50
113.50
122.00
129.00
142.00
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
$84.50
90.50
96.00
99.50
103.50
111.50
114.50
123.50
129.00
136.00
—
160.00
$67.00
73.50
78.50
85.00
89.00
94.00
97.00
101.50
117.50
124.50
135.00
146.00
_
—
—
—
$187.00
195.00
203.50
218.00
240.00
255.00
266.00
285.50
_
—
—
—
$228.00
241.50
253.50
262.50
307.50
321.00
331.00
343.00
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
74.50
79.00
83.00
90.00
94.50
100.00
104.50
106.50
116.50
122.00
126.50
138.00
64.50
69.50
74.50
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
99.50
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
65.00
—
77.00
84.50
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
219.50
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
191.00
204.00
—
248.00
255.50
273.00
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
72.00
76.00
80.00
84.50
90.00
96.50
100.50
108.00
119.50
126.50
132.50
144.00
62.50
68.00
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
130.00
—
137.00
148.00
—
—
—
—
' —
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—•
—
—
—
247.00
258.00
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
75.00
80.00
85.50
91.00
96.00
99.00
105.00
110.00
119.00
128.00
141.50
150.50
63.50
69.00
74.00
79.00
—
91.50
95.00
100.50
111.00
121.50
—
138.50
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
151.00
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
231.50
247.00
268.00
271.00
280.00
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
84.50
89.00
93.00
99.00
104.00
110.00
112.00
116.00
134.00
144.50
159.00
175.50
_
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
175.50
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Messengers
Computer
programmers,
class B
Systems
analysts,
class B
Accounting
clerks,
class B
$75.50
80.50
85.00
90.50
95.50
100.50
105.00
110.00
121.50
129.50
140.00
151.00
$65.50
71.50
76.00
82.00
87.50
92.00
96.00
101.50
115.00
123.50
133.00
143.50
—
—
—
—
$186.00
193.50
203.00
218.00
241.00
256.50
268.00
285.00
—
—
—
—
$228.50
241.50
252.50
262.50
307.50
318.00
326.00
344.50
75.00
79.50
84.00
90.50
95.00
100.50
105.00
107.00
116.50
122.50
127.00
138.50
64.50
70.50
75.50
82.50
86.00
91.00
95.50
99.00
113.00
—
—
—
-- .
—
—
—
—
191.50
200.00
221.00
235.00
—
—
—
72.50
76.00
80.00
85.00
90.00
96.50
100.50
108.50
120.00
126.50
133.00
144.00
63.00
68.50
73.00
76.50
83.00
86.50
90.00
99.00
118.50
121.50
130.00
139.00
75.00
80.00
85.50
91.00
96.50
99.00
105.50
110.00
119.00
128.50
142.00
151.00
65.50
71.50
77.00
82.50
89.00
94.50
97.00
102.00
112.50
120.50
124.00
138.00
84.50
89.50
93.00
99.00
104.00
110.00
112.00
116.00
134.00
145.50
162.00
175.00
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Accounting
clerks,
class B
R E T A IL T R A D E
A ll m etropolitan
are as
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
N ortheast
1967.......................
1968.......................
1969.......................
1970......................
1971.......................
1972.......................
1973......................
1974.......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
South
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978...................
N orth C entral
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975.......... ............
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
—
—
—
—
—
218.50
228.00
249.00
270.00
275.50
285.50
—
—
—
—
361.00
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
W e st
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974.......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
See footnotes at end of talble.
270
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
—
_
_
—
_4
_
—
_
_
—
Table 110. Average earnings1 for selected office occupations in all metropolitan areas by sex,
industry division, and region, 1967-78— Continued
Women
All workers
Item
Computer
programmers,
class B
Systems
analysts,
class B
Accounting
clerks,
class B
—
—
—
—
Accounting
clerks,
class B
Messengers
$75.50
80.50
85.50
91.00
96.00
100.00
104.00
110.00
123.00
131.00
140.50
148.50
$65.50
70.50
75.50
81.00
85.00
88.50
92.00
98.00
109.00
115.50
123.00
130.50
—
—
$179.50
188.00
195.50
206.50
227.00
238.50
257.00
272.00
77.00
83.50
90.00
98.50
102.50
105.00
109.50
115.50
130.50
137.50
148.00
152.00
68.00
73.00
78.00
83.50
88.00
93.00
97.00
102.00
114.50
121.50
128.50
130.50
71.00
75.00'
80.00
85.50
89.50
94.00
99.00
105.00
117.50
126.50
135.00
144.00
Men
M essen
gers
Computer
program
mers,
class B
Systems
ana
lysts,
class B
Ac
counting
clerks,
class B
M essen
gers
Computer
program
mers,
class B
Systems
ana
lysts,
class B
—
—
$224.00
237.50
240.50
259.00
289.00
307.00
325.50
352.00
$74.50
79.50
84.50
89.50
94.50
98.50
102.50
109.00
121.50
129.50
139.00
148.00
$64.00
68.50
73.00
77.50
80.50
84.50
87.50
92.50
103.00
109.50
116.50
125.00
—
—
—
—
$175.00
184.00
190.50
199.00
220.50
229.50
248.50
263.00
—
—
—
—
$221.50
230.50
233.00
254.00
—
—
—
—
$85.00
92.00
98.00
109.50
115.00
115.50
120.00
124.50
144.00
151.00
157.50
—
$67.00
72.50
78.00
84.00
88.00
92.00
95.50
102.00
114.00
121.00
128.00
135.00
—
—
—
—
$181.00
189.00
197.00
209.00
229.00
242.00
259.00
274.50
—
—
—
—
$225.00
239.00
242.50
260.50
292.50
306.50
324.00
352.00
—
—
—
—
191.50
200.50
208.50
220.00
234.00
244.00
260.50
270.50
—
—
—
—
243.50
254.00
256.50
277.00
303.50
325.50
340.50
365.50
75.50
81.50
88.00
95.00
99.00
102.50
106.50
112.50
127.00
134.00
146.00
151.50
67.00
71.50
76.00
81.50
85.00
90.50
92.50
96.50
106.00
112.50
119.00
126.00
—
—
—
—
188.50
199.50
211.50
219.00
231.00
237.00
250.50
265.50
—
—
—
—
—
248.00
264.00
293.00
—
—
—
84.00
94.00
99.50
113.50
117.50
119.00
124.00
129.50
149.00
157.00
160.50
157.00
68.50
74.00
80.00
85.50
89.50
94.50
99.50
105.50
120.50
126.50
134.00
133.00
—
—
—
—
193.00
201.50
207.50
220.50
235.00
246.50
263.50
271.50
_
—
—
—
246.00
258.00
259.00
281.50
306.00
321.50
335.00
361.50
60.00
65.00
69.50
74.50
78.50
82.50
87.00
91.50
103.50
110.00
118.00
124.00
—
—
—
—
163.00
175.00
184.50
193.00
215.00
227.00
248.00
266.50
—
—
—
—
211.50
225.00
228.00
245.00
275.00
294.50
312.50
345.00
70.50
74.50
79.50
85.00
98.50
93.00
98.00
104.50
116.50
125.50
134.00
143.00
57.50
63.00
67.00
71.00
75.00
77.50
83.50
88.50
100.50
105.50
116.00
114.50
—
—
—
—
155.00
165.00
171.50
182.00
204.50
217.50
240.50
258.00
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
304.00
—
79.00
85.50
92.50
99.00
112.50
—
116.50
122.50
140.50
143.00
—
—
61.50
66.50
71.50
77.00
81.50
85.50
89.00
93.50
105.50
113.50
119.50
131.00
_
—
—
—
166.00
178.50
189.00
197.00
218.00
231.00
250.00
270.50
_
—
—
—
211.00
225.50
229.50
246.50
274.00
296.00
314.50
346.00
75.00
80.00
85.50
90.00
95.50
99.50
104.00
110.00
122.00
130.50
139.50
146.50
65.50
70.50
76.00
80.50
84.00
86.50
88.50
97.00
105.50
110.50
119.00
126.00
_
—
—
—
175.50
180.50
185.50
198.50
225.00
236.00
254.00
266.00
—
—
—
—
208.50
222.50
229.00
252.50
279.50
291.00
318.50
343.00
74.50
79.50
85.00
89.00
95.50
99.50
103.50
110.00
122.00
130.00
139.00
147.00
63.50
68.50
73.00
76.50
79.50
83.00
85.50
92.00
101.50
107.00
115.00
123.50
_
—
—
—
170.50
174.50
176.00
188.50
216.00
228.50
251.00
261.50
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
251.00
—
285.50
308.50
338.50
87.00
91.50
98.00
—
—
67.50
73.50
80.00
85.00
90.00
92.00
94.00
103.50
110.50
116.00
123.00
130.00
_
—
—
—
177.50
182.50
189.00
202.00
228.50
239.50
253.50
266.00
_
_
—
_
209.00
224.00
231.00
253.00
282.50
292.50
321.50
344.50
82.00
86.00
89.00
93.00
100.50
105.00
108.50
114.50
125.00
132.00
140.00
154.00
68.50
73.00
77.00
84.50
88.00
91.00
94.50
101.50
111.00
119.50
125.50
145.50
—
—
—
—
183.00
191.00
199.50
214.50
243.50
254.00
272.00
300.00
_
—
—
—
215.00
226.50
236.50
246.50
279.50
298.00
312.50
334.00
81.00
85.50
88.50
92.50
100.00
104.50
108.00
114.50
124.50
131.50
139.50
153.50
64.50
68.00
73.50
79.50
80.50
82.50
87.50
93.00
—
115.00
116.50
—
72.00
76.50
80.00
88.00
92.50
96.50
100.00
107.00
—
124.00
132.00
—
_
—
—
—
185.50
191.50
200.00
217.50
241.00
257.00
278.00
308.50 .
_
—
—
—
215.00
227.50
239.50
247.00
_
—
310.50
341.50
FINANCE, INSUR
A N C E, AND R E A L
ESTATE
All metropolitan
areas
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
Northeast
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
241.00
South
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
*
North Central
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
—
—
112.00
—
—
149.00
—
W est
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......... ............
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
See footnotes at end of table
271
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
Table 110. Average earnings 1 for selected office occupations in metropolitan areas by sex, industry
division, and region, 1967-78— Continued
Women
All workers
Item
Men
M essen
gers
Computer
program
mers,
class B
Systems
ana
lysts,
class B
A c
counting
clerks,
class B
M essen
gers
Computer
program
mers,
class B
Systems
ana
lysts,
class B
$82.50
86.50
91.00
97.50
102.50
107.00
111.50
116.00
130.00
139.00
147.00
157.00
$69.00
73.50
77.00
82.50
90.00
91.50
94.00
97.00
116.00
121.00
133.00
139.00
_
—
—
—
—
$190.00
196.00
204.50
214.00
228.50
250.50
271.00
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
$261.00
280.00
303.50
320.50
331.50
$86.50
94.00
97.50
110.50
114.50
118.00
124.00
136.00
151.00
160.50
166.00
169.00
$71.00
74.50
80.50
87.50
94.50
97.50
101.00
107.50
122.00
128.50
137.00
142.00
_
—
—
_
$190.50
200.50
213.00
215.00
230.50
250.50
255.50
280.00
_
—
_
—
$253.50
257.00
267.50
275.00
291.50
310.50
335.00
354.00
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
122.00
—
—
150.50
—
—
158.50
155.00
68.00
72.50
79.00
87.00
95.00
98.00
100.00
109.00
120.00
125.50
130.00
132.00
_
—
—
—
195.50
206.50
—
229.50
244.50
258.00
258.00
273.50
_
_
_
_
264.00
269.00
298.50
_
328.00
326.50
348.50
351.00
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
—
_
_
67.50
73.50
82.00
89.00
92.50
98.00
103.50
127.50
133.50
145.50
151.00
_
_
_
_
_
182.50
187.50
199.50
203.50
220.00
246.50
258.50
282.50
246.50
248.00
264.00
273.00
283.50
321.00
353.00
364.50
—
—
—
255.00
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
_
—
74.50
77.50
83.50
90.00
93.50
97.50
102.00
106.50
116.00
121.50
128.50
135.50
_
_
_
_
_
192.50
202.00
216.00
230.00
246.50
252.00
272.00
_
_
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
'_
_
_
_
_
—
_
162.00
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
—
82.50
88.00
88.00
92.50
102.50
_
—
_
131.00
139.00
156.00
186.00
Messengers
Computer
programmers,
class B
Systems
analysts,
class B
Ac
counting
clerks,
class B
$83.00
$70.50
87.00
74.50
91.50
79.50
98.50
86.00
93.00
103.50
108.00
96.00
112.50
99.00
117.50
104.50
131.50
120.50
140.50 . 127.00
149.00
136.00
141.00
158.00
—
—
—
—
$190.00
198.50
209.00
213.00
227.00
245.00
256.50
278.50
—
—
—
—
$252.00
255.50
264.50
272.50
289.50
309.00
333.50
350.50
A c
counting
clerks,
class B
SELECTED
S E R V IC E S
A ll m etropolitan
areas
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
Northeast
1967......................
1968......................
1969.....................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973.......................
1974......................
1975.......................
1976......................
1977.......................
1976......................
82.00
87.50
92.50
101.50
110.50
117.50
123.00
131.00
138.00
146.00
155.50
151.50
68.00
72.50
78.50
86.00
94.00
97.00
99.00
107.00
118.50
124.50
131.00
132.50
—
—
—
—
195.00 .
203.50
225.00
227.50
242.50
250.50
254.00
272.50
—
—
—
—
263.00
269.00
297.50
—
325.50
326.00
339.50
347.00
82.00
87.00
92.00
100.50
108.50
117.00
122.00
127.00
137.00
145.00
155.00
151.50
_
72.00
—
83.00
89.00
—
94.50
98.50
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
75.00
79.50
84.00
90.00
95.00
98.00
106.00
112.00
125.00
135.50
142.00
153.00
64.50
68.00
73.50
80.50
87.50
90.50
96.00
102.00
126.50
131.00
141.50
146.00
—
—
—
—
183.50
186.00
197.00
203.00
216.00
241.00
258.00
283.00
—
—
—
—
245.00
247.00
261.00
269.00
283.00
318.00
352.00
360.00
74.50
78.50
83.00
88.50
94.50
97.00
105.50
111.00
124.50
135.00
140.50
152.00
_
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
132.00
—
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
225.00
83.00
87.00
91.00
98,50
102.00
106.50
108.00
112.50
124.00
133.50
142.50
153.00
72.50
77.00
81.50
87.50
93.50
96.50
99.50
103.50
115.50
119.50
127.00
135.00
—
—
—
—
—
190.00
197.00
211.50
224.50
240.00
250.00
266.00
—
—
—
—
—
—
241.00
262.50
284.50
294.00
303.00
329.50
83.00
86.50
91.00
98.00
101.50
106.50
107.00
112.00
123.50
133.50
142.50
153.00
68.00
76.00
79.00
84.00
93.50
—
95.50
99.50
114.50
117.00
125.50
134.50
93.00
96.00
99.50
105.50
108.50
112.00
114.00
117.50
144.00
156.50
169.00
184.00
80.50
84.50
86.00
91.00
99.50
98.00
102.00
102.00
128.00
140.50
157.00
178.00
92.50
95.50
99.00
104.50
108.00
111.50
113.50
116.50
139.00
149.00
162.50
181.00
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
South
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
—
278.50
North Central
1967......................
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
W est
1967.................... ..
1968......................
1969......................
1970......................
1971......................
1972......................
1973......................
1974......................
1975......................
1976......................
1977......................
1978......................
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
226.00
232.50
—
246.50
261.00
271.50
303.50
—
—
—
265.00
—
278.00
299.00
330.50
361.00
1 Earnings relate to regular straight-time salaries paid for standard work
weeks. Data are derived by statistically combining average earnings from
surveys conducted annually in Selected Standard Metropolitan Statistical
Areas (SM S A ’s). Earnings for these and other occupations are available for
the S M S A ’s surveyed. Because the surveys are conducted at various times
throughout the year, combined data relate to an average payroll month of
—
.
226.00
234.00
_
_
_
_■
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
263.50
285.50
293.50
303.50
335.50
_
_
_
_
_
_
267.50
_
282.00
298.50
326.00
-
reference. For 1975 and subsequent years, data relate to July (individual
area data were combined on a calendar year basis). Before 1975, data
relate to Feb. (individual area data were combined on a fiscal year— July
through June— basis).
N o t e : Dashes indicate data not available.
272
Table 111. Scheduled weekly hours (day shift) and percent of plant and office workers
by weekly work schedule, all metropolitan areas, by industry division, 1959-76
Industry division
Type of worker, period, and weekly hours
All
industries
Manufac
turing
Transpor
tation,
communi
cation,
and other
public
utilities
Whole
sale
trade
Finance,
insur
ance, and
real
estate
Retail
trade
Selected
services
Average scheduled weekly hours
PLAN T W O R KER S
1959-60......................................................................
1961-62......................................................................
1963-64......................................................................
1965-66......................................................................
40.5
40.4
40.4
40.5
40.3
40.1
40.2
40.4
40.3
40.3
40.3
40.3
41.2
41.0
40.9
40.9
41.2
41.0
40.9
40.6
1967-68......................................................................
1969-70......................................................................
1971-72......................................................................
1972-74 1 ...................................................................
1974-76 1 ...................................................................
40.5
40.3
40.2
40.2
40.1
40.4
40.4
40.1
40.3
40.3
40.3
40.2
40.2
40.3
40.2
40.8
40.6
40.5
40.5
40.4
40.5
40.2
40.0
39.9
39.7
_
_
_
_
_
0_
—
41.8
41.5
41.1
40.9
40.6
40.5
40.3
40.2
39.6
Percent of workers
Scheduled hours, 1974-76:
Under 40 hours 2 .................................................
35 hours........................................................
37 1/2 h o u rs................................................
40 hours...............................................................
Over 40 hours 2 ...................................................
44 hours........................................................
45 hours........................................................
48 hours........................................................
11
8
2
5
21
3
5
3
4
(3)
1
2
2
5
9
81
84
95
85
69
9
1
2
8
1
2
3
3
4
(3)
1
(3)
10
2
2
1
10
1
2
—
—
—
17
5
4
-
70
_
13
3
—
—
—
9
1
1
Average scheduled weekly hours
O FFIC E W O R K E R S
1959-60......................................................................
1961-62.....................................................................
1963-64......................................................................
1965-66......................................................................
39.0
38.9
38.9
38.9
39.4
39.4
39.3
39.4
39.2
39.2
39.1
39.1
39.3
39.2
39.1
39.1
39.6
39.5
39.4
39.4
37.9
37.9
37.9
38.0
38.6
38.5
38.5
38.6
1967-68......................................................................
1969-70......................................................................
1971-72......................................................................
1972-74 1 ................................................................... .
1974-76 1 ....................................................................
38.9
38.8
38.7
38.7
38.7
39.4
39.3
39.3
39.3
39.3
39.1
39.0
38.9
38.9
39.0
39.1
39.0
39.1
39.1
39.1
39.3
39.2
39.2
39.3
39.2
38.0
37.9
37.9
37.9
37.8
38.5
38.4
38.3
38.3
38.3
69
16
26
8
47
19
Percent of workers
Scheduled hours, 1974-76:
Under 40 hours 2 .................................................
35 hours........................................................
37 1 /2 h o u rs................................................
38 3/4 ho u rs................................................
42
11
18
4
24
5
13
3
29
11
16
1
28
12
2
29
5
18
2
40 hours...............................................................
58
75
71
71
70
31
52
Over 40 hours......................................................
(3)
(3)
(3)
1
1
(3)
1
1 Prior to 1972-74, the survey was conducted on a 2-year cycle.
The data for 1972-74 and 1974-76 relate to a 3-year period.
2 Includes weekly schedules other than those presented
separately.
10
20
3
3 Less than 0.5 percent.
t e : Because of rounding, sums of items may not equal 100
percent. Dash indicates data not available.
No
Table 112. Paid vacations,1 all metropolitan areas, 1959-76
[In percent]
Type of worker and provision
1959-60
1961-62
1963-64
1965-66
1967-68
1969-70
1971-72
1972-742
1974-762
25
97
P LA N T W O RK ERS
1 week or more after:
6 months....................................................
1 year.........................................................
2 weeks or more after:
1 year.........................................................
2 years.......................................................
17
98
17
98
17
98
18
98
18
98
21
21
22
98
98
98
21
21
22
22
42
63
94
44
3 years.......................................................
5 years.......................................................
40
60
94
94
45
71
94
25
51
76
95
26
54
78
95
28
59
82
96
31
62
84
96
3 weeks or more after:
10 years.....................................................
15 years.....................................................
2 0 years.....................................................
25 years.....................................................
27
74
75
76
32
75
76
76
42
76
77
77
52
78
81
81
60
81
82
82
66
72
85
85
75
85
4 weeks or more after:
15 years.....................................................
2 0 years.....................................................
25 years.....................................................
68
36
67
88
95
78
83
84
84
86
86
86
42
54
18
50
59
25
57
64
29
61
67
37
64
60
99
62
99
61
99
62
99
62
99
86
87
86
2
2
3
9
20
22
13
30
38
7
31
49
61
99
61
99
61
99
61
99
6
5
77
91
97
99
6
6
6
6
6
6
77
92
97
99
78
92
98
99
78
93
98
99
79
95
98
99
79
95
98
99
80
96
98
99
5
82
96
98
99
66
75
90
91
91
81
92
92
92
85
93
93
94
87
94
94
94
90
94
96
96
21
26
69
77
29
70
77
39
12
68
O FFICE W O R K ER S
1 week or more after:
6 months....................................................
1 year.........................................................
2 weeks or more after:
6 months....................................................
1 year.........................................................
2 years.......................................................
3 years.......................................................
5 years.......................................................
76
90
95
99
3 weeks or more after:
10 years.....................................................
15 years..................................................... .
2 0 years.....................................................
25 years.....................................................
38
82
84
85
44
85
56
87
86
88
88
4 weeks or more after:
15 years.....................................................
2 0 years.....................................................
25 years.....................................................
3
13
33
3
16
41
87
4
22
49
1 Data relate to establishments’ provisions rather than proportions of
workers actually receiving specific benefits.
87
89
89
g
39
61
14
52
68
62
73
77
80
2 Prior to 1972-74, the survey was conducted on a 2-year cycle. The data
for 1972-74 and 1974-76 relate to a 3-year time period.
274
Table 113. Paid vacations,1 all metropolitan areas, by industry division, 1965-76
[In percent]
Industry division
Type of worker, period, and provision
Manufacturing
Transporta
tion,
communi
cation, and
other
public
utilities
(2)
72
4
(2)
75
( 2)
65
6
1
1
20
31
3
33
3
15
3
2
28
(2)
4
80
5
9
4
80
7
7
( 2)
91
5
78
5
75
1
6
1
2
13
17
1
1
( 2)
1
1
2
( 2)
39
4
41
4
45
( 2)
5
(2)
5
32
( 2)
4
23
22
All
industries
W holesale
trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
Retail
trade
Selected
services
P LA N T W O R K E R S , 1965-66
After 1 year of service:
Under 1 week...............................................................
1 w e e k .........................................................................
Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ..........................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 w eeks...............................................................
After 5 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 w eeks...............................................................
After 10 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 4 w eeks...............................................................
After 20 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 4 w eeks...............................................................
Maximum vacation available:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 4 w eeks...............................................................
3
32
48
28
18
45
1
2
3
( 2)
3
(2)
(2)
3
( 2)
2
1
12
1
47
3
28
3
51
4
24
3
12
3
15
3
15
1
56
1
2
( 2)
41
1
53
2
3
1
(2)
12
1
2
( 2)
62
1
1
68
2
1
59
1
2
5
( 2)
37
42
( 2)
24
5
35
( 2)
4
23
21
1
5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
( 2)
71
2
19
2
10
74
5
4
1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
9
52
3
29
( 2)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
9
33
1
1
1
42
1
7
1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
41
( 2)
71
1
18
9
32
(2)
1
10
32
( 2)
82
4
33
5
(2)
71
5
19
4
30
<2 )
64
( 2)
61
1
1
2
32
3
35
1
26
1
—
—
—
—
—
1
89
1
7
1
3
79
1
16
( 2)
5
75
1
17
1
—
—
—
—
—
( 2)
3
38
4
49
( 2)
4
29
1
62
1
—
—
—
7
46
—
36
1
•
1
1
32
3
41
7
2
43
5
1
( 2)
27
( 2)
44
2
1
1
9
2
P LA N T W O RK ERS, 1967-68
After 1 year of service:
Under 1 week...............................................................
1 w e e k ..........................................................................
Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ..........................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 w eeks...............................................................
After 5 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 w eeks...............................................................
(2)
69
4
22
3
4
76
6
4
74
9
12
12
1
1
3
27
3
23
15
50
4
4
( 2)
After 10 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 4 w eeks...............................................................
4
(2)
After 20 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
3
3
13
10
10
53
3
See footnotes at end of table.
275
21
1
74
1
1
69
3
6
3
( 2)
( 2)
(2)
( 2)
2
3
4
22
21
—
—
—
—
—
2
8
72
7
6
1
2
7
31
Table 113. Paid vacations,1 all metropolitan areas, by industry division, 1965-76— Continued
[In percent]
Industry division
Type of worker, period, and provision
All
industries
Manufacturing
Transporta
tion,
communi
cation, and
other
public
utilities
W holesale
trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
Retail
trade
Selected
services
PLA N T W O RK ERS, 1967-68— Continued
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 4 w eeks...............................................................
1
38
2
37
4
1
43
4
33
6
( 2)
14
1
80
2
( 2)
37
( 2)
31
6
( 2)
30
1
42
(2)
_
—
—
—
—
1
43
1
9
2
Maximum vacation available:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 4 w eeks...............................................................
3
13
1
26
2
45
9
3
10
1
28
2
44
12
( 2)
3
( 2)
4
1
85
7
3
21
( 2)
30
1
37
7
4
21
( 2)
25
( 2)
46
3
—
—
—
—
—
—
7
31
1
42
1
11
2
After 1 year of service:
Under 1 week...............................................................
1 w e e k .........................................................................
Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ..........................................
2 w e e k s.......................................................................
Over 2 w eeks...............................................................
( 2)
68
4
22
3
( 2)
70
6
18
5
( 2)
57
2
36
( 2)
59
2
36
1
( 2)
70
2
26
( 2)
—
—
—
—
After 5 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 3 w eeks...............................................................
4
74
7
13
1
3
73
9
12
2
1
86
2
8
1
2
75
2
18
1
4
72
2
20
1
—
—
—
—
—
8
71
6
8
1
After 10 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 4 w eeks...............................................................
3
22
8
59
2
4
(2)
2
20
13
56
3
5
1
( 2)
7
1
86
2
3
(2)
2
34
3
52
1
6
(2)
4
25
1
66
1
3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
7
42
2
40
1
2
1
After 20 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ..........................................
5 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 5 w eeks...............................................................
3
12
1
31
3
43
2
4
1
2
9
1
35
4
39
3
5
1
2
(2)
7
1
82
4
4
( 2)
1
18
1
31
(2)
40
1
6
(2)
4
18
(2)
26
(2)
49
—
1
(2)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
7
27
1
41
1
15
1
1
—
Maximum vacation available:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ......................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ..........................................
5 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 5 weeks...............................................................
3
12
1
23
2
42
2
11
3
2
9
1
23
3
42
3
11
5
(2)
2
(2)
3
1
55
4
34
1
2
17
1
28
1
35
1
13
1
4
18
( 2)
23
(2)
49
(2)
5
( 2)
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
7
26
1
40
1
17
1
1
1
(2)
66
4
25
3
(2)
68
6
21
4
( 2)
54
5
39
2
( 2)
59
2
36
1
( 2)
70
2
26
1
—
—
—
—
—
1
70
1
18
2
—
PLA N T W O RK ERS, 1969-70
%
V )
—
1
69
1
20
2
PLA N T W O RK ERS, 1971-72
After 1 year of service:
Under 1 week...............................................................
1 w e e k .........................................................................
Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ..........................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 w eeks...............................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
276
Table 113. Paid vacations,1 all metropolitan areas, by industry division, 1965-76— Continued
[In percent]
Industry division
Type of worker, period, and provision
All
industries
Manufacturing
Transporta
tion,
communi
cation, and
other
public
utilities
W holesale
trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
Retail
trade
Selected
services
P L A N T W O R K E R S, 1971-72— C o ntin ue d
After 5 years of service:
Under 2 weeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 3 w eeks...............................................................
After 10 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 4 w eeks...............................................................
3
71
6
16
2
3
70
9
17
2
1
79
5
13
1
3
75
2
19
1
4
71
2
22
1
—
—
—
—
—
8
67
4
12
1
2
19
6
62
4
5
1
2
16
10
58
6
6
1
( 2)
4
1
87
5
3
(2)
2
29
3
56
2
7
1
4
22
( 2)
68
1
4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
7
36
2
44
1
3
1
After 20 years of service:
Under 2 weeks.............................................................
2 weeks .......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ...................... .................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ..........................................
5 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 5 w eeks...............................................................
2
11
1
26
2
47
3
7
1
2
8
1
29
3
44
3
9
1
(2 )
2
(2)
5
(2)
75
6
10
( 2)
2
15
1
31
(2)
42
1
7
1
3
17
(2)
24
1
50
( 2)
3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
6
24
1
39
1
19
1
1
( 2)
Maximum vacation available:
Under 2 weeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ............ *...........................
4 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ..........................................
5 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 5 w eeks...............................................................
2
11
1
20
1
39
3
18
4
2
8
1
20
2
40
3
18
7
( 2)
2
(2)
3
( 2)
38
5
46
6
2
15
1
27
( 2)
34
1
18
1
3
17
( 2)
21
( 2)
48
1
9
(2)
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
6
24
1
38
1
17
1
4
1
After 1 year of service:
Under 1 week...............................................................
1 w e e k .........................................................................
Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ..........................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 w eeks...............................................................
(2)
63
4
29
3
( 2)
65
5
24
4
(2)
47
6
43
2
( 2)
57
2
38
1
( 2)
63
2
33
( 2)
—
—
—
—
—
(2)
69
1
19
2
After 5 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 w eeks...............................................................
3
69
6
19
2
2
67
8
20
2
( 2)
77
7
14
1
3
72
3
21
1
4
71
2
21
1
—
—
—
—
—
8
67
4
12
1
After 10 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 4 w eeks...............................................................
2
17
4
63
5
5
1
1
16
7
60
7
7
1
( 2)
4
1
85
7
3
(2)
2
27
2
58
3
7
( 2)
4
21
(2)
69
1
4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
7
31
2
48
1
2
1
After 20 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ..........................................
5 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 5 w eeks...............................................................
2
10
1
23
2
47
2
11
1
1
7
1
23
3
45
3
14
2
(2)
2
(2)
5
( 2)
71
5
13
3
2
14
( 2)
29
1
41
1
11
1
4
16
( 2)
23
1
50
( 2)
6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
7
24
1
38
1
21
1
1
(2)
P LA N T W O R K E R S , 1972-743
See footnotes at end of table.
277
Table 113. Paid vacations,1 all metropolitan areas, by industry division, 1965-76— Continued
[In percent]
Industry division
Type of worker, period, and provision
All
industries
Manufacturing
Transporta
tion,
communi
cation, and
other
public
utilities
Wholesale
trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
Retail
trade
Selected
services
P L A N T W O R K E R S , 1972-743 C o n tin u e d
—
Maximum vacation available:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ..........................................
5 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 5 w eeks...............................................................
7
23
1
35
2
10
1
17
1
37
2
22
6
1
7
1
15
2
39
3
24
8
( 2)
2
( 2)
3
2
14
(2)
27
4
15
(2)
20
(2)
27
4
51
11
1
31
1
22
2
( 2)
45
1
13
( 2)
—
1
19
1
5
1
After 1 year of service:
Under 1 week...............................................................
1 w e e k .........................................................................
Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ..........................................
2 w e e k s.......................................................................
Over 2 w eeks...............................................................
( 2)
57
4
33
3
(2)
59
5
30
5
( 2)
37
7
54
3
( 2)
55
2
41
2
1
60
2
35
1
_
_
_
_
—
1
64
1
21
3
After 5 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 3 w eeks...............................................................
3
62
7
24
2
3
60
10
25
2
( 2)
71
8
18
2
2
70
4
21
2
5
64
2
27
1
_
_
_
8
61
5
15
2
After 10 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s.......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s.......................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s.......................................................................
Over 4 w eeks...............................................................
2
16
2
62
8
7
1
2
14
3
58
13
8
1
(2)
4
1
83
7
4
1
1
22
2
60
4
9
1
4
19
1
68
1
5
( 2)
After 20 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 4 w eeks...............................................................
2
9
1
21
2
45
19
2
6
1
20
2
45
23
(2)
1
( 2)
4
( 2)
66
27
1
11
1
29
1
39
17
4
14
( 2)
23
(2)
45
10
_
_
_
_
_
—
6
21
1
34
1
26
2
Maximum vacation available:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 4 w eeks...............................................................
2
9
1
17
1
30
39
2
6
1
15
1
33
42
( 2)
1
(2)
3
(2)
11
83
1
11
1
28
1
30
28
4
14
( 2)
21
( 2)
35
23
_
_
_
_
_
-
6
21
1
32
1
23
7
( 2)
21
1
76
2
( 2)
16
1
81
2
(2)
54
( 2)
45
( 2)
(2)
29
1
70
(2)
( 2)
54
2
44
(2)
( 2)
2
( 2)
97
1
( 2)
24
1
68
6
1
77
3
18
1
( 2)
93
1
6
( 2)
1
80
1
18
( 2)
2
82
2
13
1
( 2)
82
10
8
( 2)
1
65
6
22
5
—
—
—
—
_
_
_
_
P L A N T W O R K E R S, 1974-763
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
_
6
26
2
49
1
5
(2)
O FFIC E W O R K E R S , 1965-66
After 1 year of service:
Under 1 week...............................................................
1 w e e k .........................................................................
Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ..........................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 w eeks...............................................................
years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 w eeks...............................................................
A fte r 5
1
80
5'
14
1
See footnotes at end of table.
278
Table 113. Paid vacations,1 all metropolitan areas, by industry division, 1965-76— Continued
[In percent]
Industry division
Type of worker, period, and provision
All
industries
Manufacturing
Transporta
tion,
communi
cation, and
other
public
utilities
W holesale
trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
Retail
trade
Selected
services
O FFICE W O RKERS, 1965-66— Continued
After 10 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ........ .................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 4 w eeks...............................................................
( 2)
30
3
60
2
4
( 2)
(2)
22
5
61
5
6
(2)
( 2)
35
1
62
( 2)
2
( 2)
1
39
2
48
2
9
( 2)
2
30
( 2)
66
( 2)
2
( 2)
(2)
36
4
59
(2)
( 2)
( 2)
1
34
2
53
1
5
3
After 20 years of service:
Under 2 weeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 4 w eeks...............................................................
( 2)
10
(2)
50
1
36
3
( 2)
7
( 2)
42
2
45
3
( 2)
3
(2)
49
1
46
2
1
21
( 2)
43
(2)
27
8
2
20
( 2)
39
( 2)
39
( ')
( 2)
7
(2)
67
1
24
1
1
23
( 2)
52
1
18
5
Maximum vacation available:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 4 w eeks...............................................................
( 2)
9
(2)
26
1
56
7
( 2)
7
( 2)
25
1
57
8
( 2)
3
( 2)
12
(2)
81
3
1
21
(2)
33
1
35
10
2
19
( 2)
21
( 2)
56
1
( 2)
7
( 2)
29
1
57
7
1
22
( 2)
42
1
28
5
After 1 year of service:
Under 1 week...............................................................
1 w e e k .........................................................................
Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ..........................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 w eeks...............................................................
( 2)
22
1
75
2
( 2)
16
1
80
3
(2)
53
( 2)
46
( 2)
( 2)
27
1
71
1
( 2)
55
2
43
( 2)
( 2)
2
( 2)
95
2
( 2)
25
1
68
6
After 5 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 w eeks...............................................................
1
77
5
17
1
1
72
5
22
1
( 2)
91
1
7
1
1
76
1
23
( 2)
1
81
2
15
( 2)
( 2)
81
9
10
( 2)
1
64
7
23
5
After 10 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 4 w eeks...............................................................
( 2)
22
2
66
3
5
(2)
(2)
17
3
65
6
9
(2)
(2)
16
1
80
( 2)
3
( 2)
1
35
1
50
3
11
( 2)
1
27
1
69
(2)
2
(2)
( 2)
26
3
68
1
1
( 2)
1
30
1
56
2
6
(2)
After 20 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 4 w eeks...............................................................
( 2)
9
(2)
38
1
47
4
(2)
6
( 2)
29
2
56
7
( 2)
3
(2)
18
1
77
1
1
19
(2)
38
( 2)
33
10
1
19
( 2)
28
( 2)
51
( 2)
(2)
6
( 2)
60
1
31
2
1
20
( 2)
51
1
22
4
Maximum vacation available:
Under 2 weeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 4 w eeks...............................................................
( 2)
8
(2)
22
1
58
10
( 2)
6
( 2)
19
1
58
15
( 2)
3
( 2)
6
(2)
85
6
1
18
( 2)
29
(2)
39
13
O FFICE W O RKERS, 1967-68
See footnotes at end of table.
279
1
18
( 2)
19
( 2)
60
2
( 2)
6
( 2)
26
1
58
9
1
19
( 2)
40
1
33
5
Table 113. Paid vacations,1 all metropolitan areas, by industry division, 1965-76— Continued
[In percent]
Industry division
Type of worker, period, and provision
All
industries
Manufacturing
Transporta
tion,
communi
cation, and
other
public
utilities
W holesale
trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
Retail
trade
Selected
services
OFFICE W O RKERS, 1969-70
After 1 year of service:
Under 1 w eek.................... ..........................................
1 w e e k .........................................................................
Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ..........................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 w eeks.............................................................. .
(2)
20
1
76
3
( 2)
15
1
80
4
( 2)
50
(2)
49
( 2)
—
28
(2)
70
1
(2)
55
2
42
( 2)
—
2
( 2)
95
3
( 2)
23
After 5 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 w eeks...............................................................
1
72
5
21
1
1
69
5
23
2
(2)
89
1
10
(2)
1
70
1
27
1
1
77
2
19
1
(2)
71
8
21
1
2
61
6
25
5
After 10 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s..........................................
4 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 4 w eeks...............................................................
(2)
17
2
72
3
6
1
(2)
13
2
69
6
9
1
( 2)
8
(2)
88
( 2)
3
( 2)
( 2)
30
1
53
3
12
(2)
1
22
1
72
1
3
—
(2)
19
2
76
1
1
( 2)
24
1
60
2
8
3
After 20 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ..........................................
5 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 5 w eeks...............................................................
( 2)
7
(2)
29
1
56
1
4
( 2)
( 2)
5
( 2)
20
2
63
1
7
1
( 2)
2
( 2)
8
1
83
2
4
( 2)
( 2)
15
( 2)
31
1
40
(2)
11
( 2)
1
15
( 2)
23
( 2)
60
(2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
5
(2)
46
1
46
1
1
( 2)
1
17
( 2)
43
1
32
4
1
—
Maximum vacation available:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ..........................................
5 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 5 w eeks...............................................................
(2)
7
(2)
18
1
54
2
15
3
(2)
5
( 2)
14
1
57
1
16
5
( 2)
2
(2)
5
( 2)
51
2
39
1
( 2)
15
( 2)
27
1
36
( 2)
19
2
1
15
( 2)
19
—
62
( 2)
3
1
(2)
5
( 2)
22
1
57
3
10
2
1
17
( 2)
36
( 2)
36
3
4
(2)
After 1 year of service:
Under 1 week...............................................................
1 w e e k .........................................................................
Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ..........................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 2 w eeks...............................................................
(2)
20
1
76
3
( 2)
15
1
80
5
( 2)
45
1
53
(2)
(2)
31
( 2)
67
1
(2)
56
2
41
(2)
—
2
(2)
95
3
( 2)
21
( 2)
72
7
After 5 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks....................... ......................................
2 weeks ........................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 3 w eeks...............................................................
1
69
5
24
2
1
66
5
26
2
( 2)
84
1
14
( 2)
1
70
3
26
1
1
75
2
21
1
1
66
8
25
1
1
59
7
28
5
After 10 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 weeks ........................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ....... ................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 4 w eeks...............................................................
( 2)
14
1
74
3
7
1
( 2)
10
2
69
7
11
1
(2)
5
(2)
91
1
3
1
( 2)
27
1
57
3
12
1
1
20
(2)
75
1
3
( 2)
1
14
2
79
2
3
—
1
21
1
61
2
11
3
After 20 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s ........................................................................
( 2)
6
( 2)
4
(2)
3
(2)
14
1
14
(2)
3
1
16
(2)
67
7
( ')
OFFICE W O RKERS, 1971-72
See footnotes at end of table.
280
Table 113. Paid vacations,1 all metropolitan areas, by industry division, 1965-76— Continued
[In percent]
Industry division
Type of worker, period, and provision
All
industries
Manufacturing
Transporta
tion,
communi
cation, and
other
public
utilities
W holesale
trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
Retail
trade
Selected
services
O FFICE W O RKERS, 1971-72— Continued
After 20 years of service— Continued
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ......................................... .
5 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 5 w eeks.............................................................. .
Maximum vacation available:
Under 2 w eeks............................................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s .........................................
3 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s .........................................
4 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s .........................................
5 w e e k s ......................................................................
Over 5 w eeks..............................................................
( 2)
24
1
60
2
6
1
(2)
15
1
65
2
11
1
( 2)
5
( 2)
81
2
9
( 2)
( 2)
31
1
42
(2)
12
1
( 2)
20
( 2)
63
—
1
(2)
( 2)
37
1
55
2
1
(2 )
( 2)
37
1
39
3
3
1
( 2)
6
( 2)
16
(2)
51
2
21
4
( 2)
4
( 2)
12
(2)
51
2
24
7
( 2)
3
( 2)
3
(2)
35
1
53
4
(2)
13
(2)
27
1
33
1
23
2
1
13
( 2)
16
( 2)
62
( 2)
5
1
( 2)
3
( 2)
19
( 2)
60
3
12
2
1
16
(2 )
32
After 1 year of service:
Under 1 week...............................................................
1 w e e k ........................................................................
Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s ................................. .......
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 w eeks..............................................................
( 2)
19
1
77
3
(2)
15
1
79
4
( 2)
39
1
59
( 2)
( 2)
32
1
67
1
( 2)
45
2
52
( 2)
—
3
( 2)
94
3
( 2)
21
1
71
7
After 5 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 3 w eeks...............................................................
1
66
5
26
2
1
62
5
29
2
( 2)
82
2
16
(2)
1
70
3
26
1
2
75
2
21
1
1
63
8
28
1
1
59
7
28
5
After 10 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks............................................................ .
2 w e e k s .................................................. .................... .
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s ...................................... .................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 4 w eeks.............................................................. .
( 2)
12
1
76
3
7
1
(2)
9
1
70
6
12
1
( 2)
4
( 2)
91
1
3
1
( 2)
24
1
61
3
11
1
11
1
81
2
4
( 2)
1
18
(2)
75
1
4
( 2)
1
18
1
65
2
10
3
After 20 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................1
2 w e e k s .......................................................................^
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ......................................... j
3 w e e k s .......................................................................1
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ..........................................
5 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 5 w eeks...............................................................
( 2)
6
( 2)
23
1
60
2
8
1
(2)
4
(2)
14
1
61
2
16
1
(2)
2
( 2)
5
1
80
2
10
(2)
( 2)
13
( 2)
31
1
41
( 2)
13
( 2)
1
13
( 2)
21
( 2)
62
—
2
( 2)
3
1
12
Maximum vacation available:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ..........................................
5 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 5 w eeks...............................................................
( 2)
6
( 2)
17
( 2)
47
2
24
5
( 2)
4
( 2)
11
(2)
44
1
30
9
( 2)
2
( 2)
4
( 2)
27
1
59
8
( 2)
12
( 2)
27
1
32
( 2)
25
1
( 2)
17
( 2)
16
( 2)
29
( 2)
33
(
2
)
40
3
7
1
OFFICE W ORKERS, 1972-743
(
2
)
(
2
)
(
)
37
1
42
3
3
1
1
13
(
33
1
59
2
2
(2)
( 2)
3
20
(2)
59
3
12
2
1
12
( 2)
32
1
41
3
8
2
( 2)
2
( 2)
17
2
2
)
17
(
2
)
57
(2)
10
1
(
2
)
OFFICE W O RKERS, 1974-763
After 1 year of service:
Under 1 week...............................................................
1 w e e k ............................................................... ..........
See footnotes at end of table.
28 1
(
2
)
40
Table 113. Paid vacations,1 ail metropolitan areas, by industry division, 1965-76— Continued
[In percent]
Industry division
Type of worker, period, and provision
All
industries
Manufacturing
Transportation,
communication,
and other
public utilities
W holesale
trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate
Retail
trade
Selected
services
O FFICE W O RKERS, 1974-763— Continued
After 1 year of service— Continued
Over 1 and under 2 w e e k s .........................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 w eeks............................... ..............................
1
79
3
1
78
5
1
69
1
1
65
2
2
58
( 2)
( 1)
2
95
3
1
73
9
After 5 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks............................................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s .........................................
3 w e e k s ......................................................................
Over 3 w eeks..............................................................
After 10 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks............................................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 4 w eeks...............................................................
1
58
6
33
2
1
56
7
33
3
(2)
77
2
20
1
1
68
4
27
1
2
68
2
27
1
(2)
50
8
42
(2)
1
51
8
34
6
( 2)
9
1
75
4
10
1
(2)
7
1
67
7
16
1
( 2)
3
(2)
91
2
4
( 2)
(2)
22
1
62
3
12
( 2)
1
17
(2)
76
1
5
( 2)
( 2)
7
1
82
2
7
(2)
1
13
2
64
2
15
3
After 20 years of service:
Under 2 w eeks...........................................;.................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s ..........................................
3 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s ..........................................
4 w e e k s ................................................................ I......
Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s ..........................................
5 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 5 w eeks...............................................................
( 2)
>
5
(2)
18
1
63
2
11
1
( 2)
4
(2)
12
1
58
3
21
1
(2)
1
( 2)
11
( 2)
5
( 2)
78
1
13
1
( 2)
30
1
43
( 2)
15
1
1
12
(2)
19
( 2)
63
( 2)
3
(2)
(2)
3
(2)
21
(2)
72
2
2
(2)
1
9
1
32
1
48
2
3
2
Maximum vacation available:
Under 2 w eeks.............................................................
2 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 2 and under 3 w e e k s.........................................
3 w e e k s .......................................................................
Over 3 and under 4 w e e k s.........................................
4 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 4 and under 5 w e e k s.........................................
5 w e e k s ........................................................................
Over 5 w eeks.............................................................. .
( 2)
5
( 2)
15
( 2)
43
1
29
6
(2)
4
( 2)
11
( 2)
38
1
35
10
( 2)
1
( 2)
11
( 2)
4
(2)
13
( 2)
70
12
( 2)
28
1
34
(2)
25
2
1
12
( 2)
17
( 2)
41
( 2)
26
2
(2)
3
(2)
15
( 2)
62
2
15
3
1
9
1
28
1
44
2
10
3
1 Percent distribution of plant and office workers in all industries and in
industry divisions by vacation pay provisions.
2 No workers or less than 0.5 percent of workers were eligible for this
provision.
3
Prior to 1972-74, the survey was conducted on a 2-year cycle. The data
for 1972-74 and 1974-76 relate to a 3-year time period.
282
Table 114. Paid holidays,1 all metropolitan areas, by industry division, 1959-76
Industry division
Type of worker, provision, and year
All
industries
Transportation,
Manufacturing communication,
and other
public utilities
W holesale
trade
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate 2
Retail
trade
Selected
services
PLA N T W O R K ER S
Average number of holidays:
1959-60.......................................................................
1961-62.......................................................................
1963-64.......................................................................
1965-66.......................................................................
6.9
7.0
7.1
7.3
7.4
7.2
7.3
7.6
7.5
7.6
7.7
7.9
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
6.0
6.2
6.3
6.3
1967-68.......................................................................
1969-70.......................................................................
1971-72.......................................................................
197 2 -7 4 3.....................................................................
1 9 7 4 -7 6 3.....................................................................
7.6
7.8
8.2
8.4
8.9
7.9
8.3
8.8
9.1
9.6
8.0
8.3
8.7
8.8
9.4
7.5
7.8
8.1
8.3
8.6
6.3
6.6
6.7
6.8
7.0
Number of days received, 1974-76 (in percent):
13 days or m ore..........................................................
12 days or m ore..........................................................
11 days or m o re..........................................................
10 days or m o re..........................................................
7
11
18
37
12
18
26
51
1
7
15
49
5
8
18
32
(4)
1
2
6
57
69
79
89
93
72
83
89
95
98
81
93
95
98
99
50
66
79
94
99
22
37
56
77
83
—
19
29
48
66
73
95
99
99
99
90
—
76
Average number of holidays:
1959-60.......................................................................
1961-62.......................................................................
1963-64.......................................................................
1965-66.......................................................................
7.8
7.8
7.9
8.0
7.4
7.5
7.6
8.0
7.8
7.9
7.9
8.1
7.4
7.5
7.5
7.6
6.6
6.7
6.7
6.7
8.9
8.9
8.8
8.7
7.4
7.5
7.5
7.4
1967-68.......................................................................
1969-70.......................................................................
1971-72.......................................................................
1 9 7 2 -7 4 3......................................................................
1 9 7 4 -7 6 3......................................................................
8.1
8.4
8.7
8.9
9.4
8.2
8.7
9.1
9.4
10.0
8.2
8.5
8.8
9.0
9.5
7.8
8.0
8.3
8.4
8.8
6.7
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.5
8.7
8.8
9.1
9.2
9.5
7.5
7.8
8.0
8.3
8.7
Number of days received, 1974-76 (in percent):
13 days or m o re..........................................................
12 days or m o re..........................................................
11 days or m o re..........................................................
10 days or m o re..........................................................
7
13
24
46
11
19
32
59
1
7
17
53
5
8
18
36
1
1
3
7
7
16
29
47
3
6
16
33
m o re ............................................................
m o re ............................................................
m o re ............................................................
m o re ............................................................
m o re ............................................................
68
81
89
98
99
80
89
94
98
99
85
94
97
99
99
55
69
84
96
99
31
47
69
92
98
67
84
91
98
99
52
66
82
96
98
Total receiving paid holidays................................
99
99
99
99
99
99
99
9
8
7
6
5
days
days
days
days
days
or
or
or
or
or
m o re ...........................................................,,
m o re ...........................................................
m o re ............................................................
m o re ............................................................
m o re............................................................
Total receiving paid holidays...............................
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
_
*
—
—
—
5.9
6.2
6.4
6.4
6.5
6.7
7.0
7.0
7.3
1
1
5
12
OFFICE W O R K ER S
9
8
7
6
5
days
days
days
days
days
or
or
or
or
or
1 Data relate to percent of plant and office workers in establishments with
provisions, and average number of days provided.
2 Data not available for plant workers.
3 Prior to 1972-74, the survey was conducted on a 2-year cycle. The data
for 1972-74 and 1974-76 relate to a 3-year period.
4 Less than 0.5 percent.
283
Table 115. Health insurance and pension plans,1 all metropolitan areas, by industry division, 1959-76
[In percent]
Industry division
Type of worker, plan, and period
All
industries
Transportation
Manufacturing communication,
and other
public utilities
W holesale
trade
Finance , 2
insurance,
and real
estate
Retail
trade
Selected
services
P L A N T W O R K E R S IN E S T A B L IS H M E N T S
PROVIDING
Insurance plan
Life:
1 9 5 9-60....................................................
1 9 6 1-62....................................................
1 96 3-64....................................................
1 9 6 5 -6 6 ....................................................
1 9 6 7 -6 8 ....................................................
196 9 -7 0 ....................................................
19 7 1 -7 2 ....................................................
1972-74 3 .................................................
1974-76 3 .................................................
Hospitalization:
1 9 5 9 -6 0....................................................
1 9 6 1 -6 2....................................................
196 3 -6 4 ....................................................
196 5 -6 6 ....................................................
1 96 7 -6 8....................................................
1 96 9 -7 0....................................................
1 97 1 -7 2....................................................
1972-74 3 ..................................................
1974-76 3 ..................................................
Surgical:
19 5 9 -6 0 ....................................................
19 6 1 -6 2 ....................................................
19 6 3 -6 4 ....................................................
196 5 -6 6 ....................................................
196 7 -6 8 ....................................................
1 9 6 9-70....................................................
1 9 7 1-72.....................................................
1972-74 3 ..................................................
1 9 7 4 -7 6 3 ..................................................
Medical:
195 9 -6 0 ....................................................
19 6 1 -6 2 .....................................................
196 3 -6 4 .....................................................
19 6 5 -6 6 .....................................................
196 7 -6 8 .....................................................
1 9 6 9 -7 0 .....................................................
1 9 7 1 -7 2 .....................................................
1972-74 3 ..................................................
1974-76 3 ..................................................
Catastrophe:
195 9 -6 0 .................................................... ,
1 9 6 1-62.....................................................
19 6 3 -6 4 .....................................................
19 6 5 -6 6 .....................................................
19 6 7 -6 8 .....................................................
19 6 9 -7 0 .....................................................
1 9 7 1 -7 2 .....................................................
1972-74 3 .....................................................
1974-76 3 .....................................................
89
91
91
92
93
93
93
93
93
94
94
94
95
96
96
97
96
97
77
91
97
97
97
98
99
99
99
87
90
91
92
92
92
94
93
94
81
84
84
85
—
_
—
—
86
_
86
88
93
94
96
97
98
98
99
99
99
68
83
72
86
86
90
93
94
96
96
97
97
92
93
94
96
98
98
98
99
99
66
91
93
94
95
95
95
95
84
98
98
99
99
99
99
80
83
87
87
88
87
—
74
79
82
83
85
—
_'
_
88
90
93
95
96
96
97
55
59
74
89
91
94
97
97
99
18
23
29
35
46
56
67
72
78
36
59
70
77
83
93
94
97
81
84
80
80
79
80
81
82
82
85
85
84
85
88
72
75
77
78
81
84
85
85
73
75
74
75
78
78
78
83
74
73
74
75
78
80
81
82
82
87
86
86
76
90
92
94
94
95
95
95
59
63
69
75
80
84
88
90
92
20
26
33
40
49
59
69
74
79
65
67
73
78
83
88
92
94
96
88
86
_
_
_
_
_
—
71
70
85
98
98
99
99
99
99
86
77
_
—
91
91
90
75
75
76
79
77
76
77
74
72
74
77
80
79
78
78
79
77
69
71
76
80
82
84
75
78
78
88
77
90
91
90
78
79
76
53
63
69
76
82
87
92
93
95
44
50
56
62
50
58
53
67
64
69
71
73
73
23
32
39
51
59
71
19
23
30
39
49
59
69
74
79
88
68
75
81
83
85
_
—
—
—
—
—
10
11
16
23
29
38
48
54
58
Sickn ess and accident insurance
and/or sick leave
1 9 5 9 -6 0 .......................................................
1 9 6 1 -6 2 .......................................................
1 9 6 3 -6 4 .......................................................
19 6 5 -6 6 .......................................................
1 9 6 7 -6 8 ........................................................
1 9 6 9 -7 0 .....................................................
1 9 7 1 -7 2 .....................................................
1 9 7 2 -7 4 3...................................................
1 9 7 4 -7 6 3...................................................
86
87
87
See footnotes at end of table.
284
_
—
_
77
—
58
55
54
57
57
56
55
56
55
Table 115. Health insurance and pension plans,1 all metropolitan areas, by industry division,
1959-76— Continued
[In percent]
Industry division
Type of worker, plan, and period
All
industries
Transportation
Manufacturing communication,
and other
public utilities
Wholesale
trade
Finance , 2
insurance,
and real
estate
Retail
trade
Selected
services
P LA N T W O R K ER S IN ESTABLISH M EN TS
PROVIDING— Continued
Retirement pension plan
195 9 -6 0 ....................................................
196 1 -6 2 ....................................................
196 3 -6 4 ....................................................
196 5 -6 6 ....................................................
196 7 -6 8 ....................................................
19 6 9 -7 0 ....................................................
19 7 1 -7 2 ....................................................
19 7 2 -7 4 3..................................................
19 7 4 -7 6 3..................................................
72
74
75
78
80
83
84
85
86
73
72
74
77
78
82
83
83
84
92
95
95
96
96
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
97
98
98
98
98
78
92
98
98
98
99
99
99
99
92
93
94
94
95
96
96
95
95
83
84
90
93
95
96
97
97
98
91
90
95
96
97
98
99
99
99
65
67
84
99
95
99
99
99
99
82
84
82
83
90
90
94
96
97
98
99
99
99
66
68
69
73
74
77
78
78
79
58
62
66
68
68
52
57
58
64
66
68
74
77
78
79
70
70
69
87
89
90
91
90
90
91
90
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
29
29
34
39
41
45
47
48
48
97
98
98
98
98
98
99
99
98
82
83
84
OFFICE W O R K ER S IN ESTABLISH M EN TS
PROVIDING
Insurance plan
Life:
195 9 -6 0 ....................................................
196 1 -6 2 ....................................................
196 3 -6 4 ....................................................
196 5 -6 6 ....................................................
1 9 6 7 -6 8 ................................ ...................
196 9 -7 0 ....................................................
1 9 7 1 -7 2 ....................................................
1972-74 3 ..................................................
1 97 4 -7 6 3..................................................
Hospitalization:
195 9 -6 0 ....................................................
196 1 -6 2 ....................................................
196 3 -6 4 .....................................................
196 5 -6 6 ....................................................
1 9 6 7 -6 8 ....................................................
196 9 -7 0 .....................................................
197 1 -7 2 ....................................................
1 9 7 2 -7 4 3..................................................
1 9 7 4 -7 6 3..................................................
Surgical:
195 9 -6 0 .....................................................
196 1 -6 2 .....................................................
196 3 -6 4 .......................... ........................ .
196 5 -6 6 .....................................................
196 7 -6 8 .....................................................
1969-70 ...^................................................
1971-72 ....t................................................
197 2 -7 4 3...................................................
1 97 4 -7 6 3...................................................
Medical:
195 9 -6 0 .....................................................
196 1 -6 2 .....................................................
196 3 -6 4 .....................................................
196 5 -6 6 .................................................... 1
196 7-68.................................................... J
196 9 -7 0 .....................................................
1 97 1 -7 2 .....................................................
1 97 2 -7 4 3...................................................
1 97 4 -7 6 3...................................................
Catastrophe:
1959-60.....................................................
196 1 -6 2 .....................................................
1963 -6 4 .....................................................
1965 -6 6 .....................................................
196 7 -6 8 ....................................................
1969 -7 0 ....................................................
197 1 -7 2 .....................................................
1 9 72 -7 4 3...................................................
197 4 -7 6 3...................................................
88
93
94
96
97
98
98
83
99
99
99
99
99
99
69
72
81
85
89
92
95
96
98
74
82
86
89
93
94
96
42
55
65
73
79
84
91
93
95
55
58
75
93
95
96
98
98
98
34
45
57
67
74
80
61
66
42
71
82
89
92
95
98
98
88
91
93
See footnotes at end of table.
64
66
285
99
86
91
93
93
94
87
87
91
92
94
96
98
98
99
79
81
85
90
92
96
97
97
97
75
79
84
85
87
91
92
93
94
84
85
89
91
93
94
98
98
99
58
41
46
53
59
64
72
78
80
84
60
69
75
81
87
35
41
47
55
61
70
80
83
87
60
71
79
84
88
91
93
97
96
97
97
66
71
80
85
91
93
94
95
34
47
55
67
72
83
88
90
92
78
82
85
87
88
88
95
97
98
88
91
97
98
99
88
88
88
88
91
92
68
68
76
84
85
88
90
92
95
66
66
74
83
85
87
90
92
95
50
49
59
74
73
87
85
88
93
53
41
52
67
72
79
84
89
92
Table 115. Health insurance and pension plans,1 all metropolitan areas, by industry division,
1959-76— Continued
[In percent]
Industry division
Type of worker, plan, and period
All
industries
Transportation
Manufacturing communication,
and other
public utilities
W holesale
trade
Retail
trade
Finance , 2
insurance,
and real
estate
Selected
services
O FFICE W O R K ER S IN ESTABLISH M EN TS
PROVIDING— Continued
Sickness and accident insurance and/or
sick leave
195 9 -6 0 ....................................................
1 9 6 1 -6 2 .....................................................
196 3 -6 4 .....................................................
196 5 -6 6 .....................................................
19 6 7 -6 8 .....................................................
196 9 -7 0 .....................................................
197 1 -7 2 .....................................................
1 9 7 2 -7 4 3...................................................
19 7 4 -7 6 3...................................................
89
86
88
86
81
80
78
79
82
87
87
87
82
81
82
85
91
93
93
93
87
89
91
91
91
92
88
77
77
78
79
84
83
83
84
84
86
86
86
85
85
87
86
86
87
70
71
67
69
73
82
82
84
84
70
68
67
67
72
76
80
80
85
Retirement pension plan
1 9 5 9 -6 0 .....................................................
19 6 1 -6 2 .....................................................
19 6 3 -6 4 .....................................................
1 9 6 5 -6 6 .....................................................
19 6 7 -6 8 .......................... ..........................
19 6 9 -7 0 .....................................................
1 9 7 1 -7 2 .....................................................
1 9 7 2 -7 4 3...................................................
1 9 7 4 -7 6 3...................................................
76
78
79
82
83
84
85
85
81
82
83
86
86
88
88
88
*
90
86
1 Percent of plant and office workers in all industries and in industry divisions employed in establishments providing health, insurance, or pension
benefits.
286
68
68
70
73
76
79
81
83
83
83
69
69
73
73
77
77
78
79
61
63
64
72
74
74
78
77
76
86
88
88
90
89
91
90
91
92
53
53
58
64
66
66
66
68
70
2 Data not available for plant workers,
3 Prior to 1972-74, the survey was conducted on a 2-year cycle. The da
for 1972-74 and 1974-76 relate to a 3-year time period.
Table 116. Labor-management agreement coverage,1 all metropolitan areas, by industry,
division, and region, 1960-76
[In percent]
Industry division
Type of worker, region, and period
V
All
industries
Manufacturing
Nonman
ufacturing
73
70
69
69
68
67
65
63
61
79
77
77
76
76
76
76
75
71
61
58
57
57
56
53
51
49
48
77
74
74
73
73
72
71
69
66
81
79
79
78
77
78
78
77
72
48
47
47
46
46
45
45
43
39
60
59
60
57
57
59
59
58
51
34
34
33
33
32
31
31
29
28
80
78
79
79
78
77
75
75
75
86
85
80
73
71
72
71
83
76
74
73
73
72
70
Transportation,
communication,
and other
public utilities
W holesale
trade
Retail
trade
95
56
39
94
94
93
92
91
90
91
57
56
55
55
57
55
53
36
37
37
35
33
31
30
69
66
97
63
47
66
66
66
97
97
97
97
96
95
94
66
64
60
45
46
47
44
42
41
40
86
22
—
—
84
83
81
81
80
79
83
66
64
63
62
61
59
57
56
56
Finance,
insurance,
and real
estate 2
Selected
services
P LA N T W O R K E R S
A ll m etropolitan areas:
1960-61 ..........................................
1 9 6 3 -6 4 ..........................................
1 9 6 4 -6 5 .......................... ...............
1965-66 ..........................................
1 9 6 7 -6 8 ..........................................
1969-70 ..........................................
1 9 7 1 -7 2 ..........................................
1972-74*........................................
1 9 7 4 -7 6 2........................................
N o rth e a s t
1960-61 ..........................................
1 9 6 3 -6 4 ..........................................
1964-65 ..........................................
1 9 6 5 -6 6 .........................................
1 9 6 7 -6 8 ..........................................
1 9 6 9 -7 0 ..........................................
1971-72 ..........................................
1972-74*.........................................
1 9 74-76*.........................................
62
61
59
58
_
56
_
_
54
53
53
50
48
46
41
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
68
—
66
—
-
62
60
54
55
54
51
13
—
18
—
—
—
24
25
24
26
28
25
25
13
14
13
13
14
13
—
21
22
12
—
19
16
98
65
42
—
69
—
—
—
—
—
98
98
98
97
97
96
96
68
—
67
65
67
72
74
74
39
39
41
39
36
36
34
98
75
—
—
97
96
96
95
93
92
93
72
69
64
63
65
62
55
67
68
67
66
_
_
_
_
South:
1960-61 ..........................................
1963-64 ..........................................
1964-65 ..........................................
1965-66 ..........................................
1967-68 ..........................................
1969-70 ..........................................
1 9 7 1 -7 2 ..........................................
1 9 72-74*.........................................
1 9 74-76*.........................................
—
24
23
—
—
—
—
•
21
North Central:
1960-61 ..........................................
1963-64 ..........................................
1964-65 ..........................................
1 9 6 5 -6 6 ...........................................
1967-68 ..........................................
1969-70 ..........................................
1971-72 ..........................................
1 9 7 2-74*........................................
1 9 7 4-76*.........................................
86
87
85
86
86
86
86
69
66
—
—
66
—
—
64
61
59
54
68
—
66
—
—
—
55
59
57
50
44
43
40
—
61
63
62
61
57
58
52
—
—
West:
1960-61 ..........................................
1963-64 ..........................................
1 9 6 4 -6 5 ..........................................
1 9 6 5 -6 6 ..........................................
1967-68 ..........................................
1969-70 ..........................................
1971-72 ..........................................
1972-74*.........................................
1974-76*..................................... .
See footnotes at end of table.
68
64
63
59
68
64
78
70
69
70
68
64
60
58
54
—
—
—
—
—
—
Table 116. Labor-management agreement coverage,1 all metropolitan areas, by industry,
division, and region, 1960-76— Continued
[In percent]
Industry division
Type of worker, region, and period
All
industries
Manufac
turing
Nonman
ufacturing
Transpor
tation,
communi
cation,
and other
public
utilities
17
15
15
16
15
15
15
14
13
12
12
12
13
13
13
13
12
10
20
17
17
17
17
16
16
15
14
65
—
62
63
61
61
63
61
61
9
—
7
8
8
7
8
7
5
19
16
16
16
16
14
16
16
13
16
15
15
15
15
13
13
14
11
21
17
17
17
16
15
17
17
14
71
—
67
67
63
64
71
70
66
14
13
14
14
13
13
12
11
10
13
14
16
15
14
13
12
9
8
14
13
14
13
13
13
12
11
11
16
14
14
15
15
14
15
14
13
9
8
8
10
10
10
10
11
9
18
17
18
17
18
17
16
15
16
11
12
13
15
18
17
18
16
14
Finance,
in s t
ance,-land
real
estate
Selected
services
17
—
14
15
14
13
12
12
10
3
—
2
1
2
2
2
2
2
11
—
12
11
8
7
8
8
7
10
—
6
8
9
10
11
10
8
23
—
18
19
19
18
16
15
16
3
—
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
15
—
16
14
10
7
9
10
11
55
—
57
55
56
55
54
53
57
( 3)
3
—
3
3
3
4
4
4
4
( 3)
3
—
2
2
2
3
4
4
3
22
19
19
20
19
18
18
16
16
70
—
68
70
68
68
67
64
65
9
—
8
8
9
8
3
—
3
3
2
3
7
6
15
—
14
14
15
12
12
13
11
23
19
20
19
18
17
16
15
16
60
17
36
2
20
55
55
54
53
53
50
56
17
15
13
11
11
g
6
25
26
25
20
17
17
13
2
2
2
2
2
25
21
17
17
W hole
sale
trade
Retail
trade
OFFICE W O R K ER S
All metropolitan areas:
1960-61 ...........................................
1963-64 ...........................................
1964-65 ...........................................
1965-66 ...........................................
1967-68 ...........................................
1969-70 ...........................................
1 9 7 1 -7 2 ...........................................
1 9 7 2 -7 4 1
2.........................................
1 9 7 4 -7 6 2.........................................
Northeast:
1960-61 ..........................................
1 9 6 3 -6 4 ..........................................
1 9 6 4 -6 5 ..........................................
1 9 6 5 -6 6 ..........................................
1967-68 ..........................................
1969-70 ..........................................
1 9 7 1 -7 2 ...........................................
1 9 7 2 -7 4 2.........................................
1 9 7 4 -7 6 2.........................................
South:
1960-61 ...........................................
1 9 6 3 -6 4 ...........................................
1964-65 ...........................................
1965-66 ...........................................
1967-68 ...........................................
1969-70 ...........................................
1971-72 ...........................................
1 9 7 2 -7 4 2.........................................
1 9 7 4 -7 6 2.........................................
*
■
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
1
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
( 3)
2
North Central:
1960-61 ...........................................
1963-64 ...........................................
1964-65 ...........................................
1 9 6 5 -6 6 ...........................................
1 9 6 7 -6 8 ...........................................
1969-70 ...........................................
1971-72 ...........................................
1972-74 2.........................................
1 9 7 4 -7 6 2.........................................
8
3
2
2
3
_
2
2
2
3
4
2
3
West:
1960-61 ...........................................
1963-64 ...........................................
1 9 6 4 -6 5 ...........................................
1 9 6 5 -6 6 ...........................................
1 9 6 7 -6 8 ...........................................
1969-70 ...........................................
1 9 7 1 -7 2 ...........................................
1 9 7 2 -7 4 2.........................................
1 9 7 4 -7 6 2.........................................
1 Data relate to percentage of workers employed in establish
ments in which a contract or contracts covered a majority of work
ers in the respective categories.
2 Prior to 1972-74, the survey was conducted on a 2-year cycle.
3
4
13
13
14
The date for 1972-74 and 1974-76 relate to a 3-year time period.
3 Less than 0.5 percent.
N o t e : Dash indicates data not available.
288
Table 117. Indexes of union hourly wage rates1 in selected industries and trades, selected years,
1910-78
[1967 = 100]
1910:
1915:
1920:
1925:
1930:
May
May
May
May
May
15........................................
1 ..........................................
15........................................
15........................................
15........................................
All
trades
9.0
9.9
18.5
21.9
25.7
Journey
men
Local trucking
Printing trades
Building trades
Date
Helpers
and
laborers
Book
and job
All
printing
_
Newspa
pers
Drivers
and
helpers
Drivers
Helpers
Local
transit
_’
—
—
—
—
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
22.5
—’
23.3
28.6
44.8
59.4
—
16.8
28.9
45.2
59.5
—
21.1
26.8
42.9
58.1
22.2
24.6
29.7
47.2
59.8
81.1
83.4
85.7
88.1
90.1
75.4
78.3
81.3
85.0
88.1
75.5
78.3
81.4
85.0
88.2
74.6
77.4
80.5
84.4
87.5
73.9
76.7
79.9
82.9
86.2
_
9.6
10.5
19.3
22.9
26.9
6.2
6.6
14.5
15.8
18.9
11.2
19.9
24.2
26.7
9.8
10.7
19.9
24.0
26.4
12.0
12.9
20.6
24.7
27.3
—
—
—
26.5
29.6
33.5
56.9
69.0
26.1
29.1
32.8
56.1
68.1
27.5
30.7
35.1
58.7
70.5
80.6
83.2
85.6
88.1
90.4
80.3
83.1
85.6
88.2
90.7
—
1935:
1940:
1945:
1950:
1955:
May 15........................................
June 1 .........................................
July 1 ..........................................
July 1 ..........................................
July 1 ..........................................
21.8
26.9
30.7
47.0
60.0
22.9
28.0
31.6
47.8
60.6
15.9
20.7
25.5
42.7
56.5
1960:
1961:
1962:
1963:
1964:
July
July
July
July
July
1 ..........................................
1 ..........................................
1 ..........................................
1 ........................................
1 ..........................................
75.4
78.4
81.3
84.2
87.3
75.5
78.4
81.4
84.4
87.4
74.0
77.5
80.3
83.2
86.8
1965:
1966:
1967:
1968:
1969:
July
July
July
July
July
1 ..........................................
1 ..........................................
1 ..........................................
1 ..........................................
1 ..........................................
90.9
94.7
100.0
106.6
115.4
90.9
94.7
100.0
106.7
115.7
90.8
94.6
100.0
105.9
113.9
93.0
96.1
100.0
2 105.0111.9
93.5
96.6
100.0
105.2
111.8
92.5
95.4
100.0
105.1
112.0
91.2
94.4
100.0
105.2
111.4
91.3
94.5
100.0
105.3
111.5
90.9
94.1
100.0
105.2
111.3
89.8
93.7
100.0
106.6
115.0
1970:
1971:
1972:
1973:
1974:
July
July
July
July
July
1 ..........................................
1 ..........................................
1 ..........................................
1 ..........................................
1 ..........................................
128.8
144.0
153.2
160.8
173.4
128.9
143.9
153.4
160.8
173.0
128.1
144.4
152.2
160.8
175.4
121.2
133.6
144.2
153.5
165.7
121.0
133.7
144.4
155.1
166.2
120.8
133.1
144.2
152.2
165.4
122.5
137.8
151.5
163.4
176.8
99.9
137.9
151.6
163.5
177.0
99.9
138.8
152.3
165.1
177.8
125.2
135.8
144.9
155.4
173.3
1975:
1976:
1977:
1978:
July
July
July
July
1 ..........................................
1 ..........................................
1 ..........................................
1 ..........................................
188.3
200.5
212.3
224.4
188.1
200.3
3 211.9
224.0
189.4
201.9
3 214.8
227.3
179.8
192.2
204.9
4 219.2
180.8
193.3
206.8
4 222.1
179.0
191.7
203.6
4 215.0
190.0
205.6
223.9
(5)
190.3
206.1
224.4
( 5)
190.3
205.5
223.4
( 5)
192.9
205.2
220.4
232.5
1 Union scales are the minimum wage scales (excluding holiday and va
cation payments made directly to the worker each pay period) agreed upon
through collective bargaining between trade unions and employers. Rates in
excess of the negotiated minimum, which may be paid for special qualifica
tions or other reasons, are not included.
289
2 Includes lithographic crafts as will all subsequent indexes.
3 Revised estimate.
4 Sept. 1.
5 Data now available only in odd years.
No
t e
:
Dashes indicate data not available.
Table 118. Indexes of union hourly wage rates1 In selected building trades, selected years, 1910-78
[1967=100]
Trade
May 15, May 15, May 15, May 15, May 15, May 15, June 1, July 1, July 1, July 1, July 1, July 1, July 1, July 1, July 1,
1910
1920
1925
1915
1930
1935
1940
1945 1950 1955 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
All building trades................
9.0
9.9
18.5
21.9
25.7
21.8
26.9
30.7
47.0
60.0
75.4
78.4
81.3
84.2
87.3
Journeym en.......................................
Asbestos w o rk e rs......................
Boilerm akers..............................
Bricklayers..................................
Carpenters..................................
Cement fin ish ers........................
Electricians (inside wiremen)......
Elevator constructors..................
G laziers.......................................
Lathers........................................
M achinists..................................
Marble setters.............................
Mosaic and terrazzo workers......
Painters.......................................
Paperhangers..............................
Pipefitters...................................
P lasterers...................................
Plumbers.....................................
Rodm en......................................
Roofers, composition..................
Roofers, slate and tile ................
Sheet-metal workers...................
Stonem asons..............................
Structural iron workers................
Tile layers...................................
9.6
—
—
11.8
9.2
10.0
9.1
10.5
19.3
18.3
—
—
11.3
—
9.4
—
9.0
12.4
9.9
—
—
—
8.3
10.2
10.1
—
10.9
—
12.5
_
10.5
—
10.3
12.9
11.1
—
8.1
10.3
9.6
11.2
11.1
11.8
21.3
19.2
. 19.4
18.3
19.9
17.3
19.9
—
19.4
18.0
20.8
—
17.6
21.9
18.8
—
15.4
18.3
17.7
20.2
19.4
18.9
22.9
20.8
—
26.0
21.8
22.7
21.7
24.4
22.0
24.6
—
23.2
22.6
24.4
—
22.0
28.1
22.4
—
18.7
24.6
20.7
24.6
22.0
23.5
26.9
26.0
—
29.9
25.6
26.6
25.5
28.3
25.6
27.3
—
28.7
27.6
28.7
—
26.3
32.0
26.4
—
23.0
27.8
20.2
29.0
26.9
27.i>
22.9
22.1
—
24.6
21.7
23.2
23.7
24.7
23.0
24.4
—
25.6
24.0
23.5
—
22.7
26.1
23.5
—
20.8
24.1
21.1
24.1
23.8
23.2
28.0
27.6
29.0
29.9
27.1
28.2
28.5
30.0
27.9
30.7
26.7
30.1
28.5
28.5
28.1
28.2
32.7
29.2
27.0
25.6
28.5
26.1
29.1
29.2
27.8
31.6
31.2
31.7
33.0
30.5
31.9
32.9
33.1
31.0
34.0
29.6
32.4
31.2
32.7
32.0
32.1
35.0
32.8
30.6
29.8
32.9
30.4
32.7
32.4
31.3
47.8
47.2
47.4
52.9
46.9
48.3
48.4
49.5
46.8
54.7
45.1
49.2
50.0
47.8
47.0
47.2
55.2
48.0
45.8
46.6
47.6
45.7
54.7
48.0
49.4
60.6
60.4
60.5
65.3
59.8
60.9
60.3
62.3
59.2
65.2
59.1
61.5
61.7
60.9
60.7
60.0
66.7
60.3
58.7
59.2
61.3
59.1
65.0
60.7
61.7
75.5
75.0
76.9
78.8
75.0
76.2
76.4
76.3
75.3
79.1
73.8
76.2
76.7
74.9
75.8
75.2
79.6
75.3
74.2
74.6
76.8
74.8
77.4
75.1
76.2
78.4
77.3
80.0
81.8
77.9
79.1
79.4
79.9
78.1
81.4
76.8
78.9
79.6
77.7
78.5
78.0
81.4
78.1
77.0
77.6
79.5
77.4
80.7
78.0
80.0
81.4
80.6
82.8
84.3
80.7
81.6
83.6
82.3
80.5
84.1
79.9
81.2
82.4
80.6
81.2
80.9
84.0
81.1
80.5
80.7
81.7
80.4
82.7
81.4
81.7
84.4
83.6
85.4
86.7
83.6
84.2
86.2
86.4
83.6
86.2
83.3
84.3
85.2
84.3
83.7
83.6
86.0
84.4
83.2
83.8
85.3
83.9
85.2
84.1
85.4
87.4
86.7
88.9
89.3
86.6
86.9
89.2
89.1
86.9
89.2
86.9
87.0
88.1
87.3
87.1
86.8
89.7
87.8
86.6
87.0
89.0
86.7
87.5
87.2
88.2
Helpers and laborers............... t.........
Bricklayers’ tenders....................
Building laborers.........................
Composition roofers’ helpers......
Plasterers’ laborers....................
Plumbers’ laborers.....................
Tile layers’ helpers.....................
6.2
6.6
6.1
—
8.4
—
—
6.6
6.9
6.6
—
8.9
—
7.7
14.5
15.6
14.6
—
18.5
—
16.9
15.8
16.6
15.0
—
21.2
—
18.3
18.9
20.2
17.6
—
24.5
—
21.9
15.9
17.0
14.8
—
20.0
—
19.1
20.7
22.0
19.3
22.0
25.3
21.7
22.6
25.5
25.8
24.7
26.2
29.2
25.9
25.4
42.7
43.2
41.8
41.8
46.9
42.1
44.4
56.5
55.3
56.1
55.1
62.1
55.2
56.9
74.0
73.2
73.8
71.6
77.8
72.4
73.8
76.7
76.6
77.4
74.8
80.7
75.9
76.8
80.3
80.4
80.0
77.2
83.3
79.4
80.4
83.2
82.6
82.9
80.8
85.7
81.9
84.2
86.8
86.7
86.4
84.6
89.8
86.1
87.7
—
—
July 1,
1965
—
—
12.5
10.0
10.9
10.0
11.4
—
July 1,
1966
—
July 1,
1967
All building trades................
90.9
94.7
100.0
irneym en.......................................
Asbestos workers.......................
Boilerm akers...............................
Bricklayers..................................
Carpenters..................................
Cement fin ish ers........................
Electricians (inside wiremen)......
Elevator constructors..................
Glaziers.............. ........................
Lathers........................................
M achinists..................................
Marble setters.............................
Mosaic and terrazzo workers......
Painters.......................................
Paperhangers..............................
Pipefitters...................................
P lasterers...................................
Plumbers.....................................
Rodm en......................................
Roofers, composition..................
Roofers, slate and tile ................
Sheet-metal workers...................
Stonem asons..............................
Structural iron workers................
Tile layers.......... .........................
90.9
90.5
92.3
91.8
90.7
90.9
91.5
92.4
90.4
92.4
96.6
90.2
91.8
90.9
90.5
90.4
92.1
91.4
89.4
90.6
92.1
90.3
90.0
90.2
92.7
94.7
94.3
95.8
95.0
94.6
94.6
94.9
95.6
95.6
95.2
95.1
94.6
95.8
94.6
94.4
94.6
95.6
94.6
93.8
94.6
95.4
94.5
94.6
94.8
95.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
.100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
pers and laborers.........................
Bricklayers' tenders....................
Building laborers.........................
Composition roofers’ helpers......
Plasterers’ laborers....................
Plumbers’ laborers.....................
Tile layers’ helpers.....................
90.8
91.5
90.5
89.3
91.6
90.2
91.9
94.6
94.5
94.5
94.0
94.6
94.1
95.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
July 1,
1968
July 1,
1969
July 1,
1971
July 1,
1972
July 1,
1973
July 1,
1974
July 1,
1975
July 1,
1976
July 1,
1977
July 3,
1978
106.6
115.4
128.8
144.0
153.2
160.8
173.4
188.3
200.5
212.3
224.4
106.7
107.0
106.2
106.8
107.0
106.3
106.5
104.1
107.2, ,
106.3
105.7
106.1
105.8
106.3
107.5
106.6
105.1
106.8
107.3
107.7
106.4
106.8
105.7
106.8
106.2
115.7
116.6
114.1
115.0
115.8
114.6
117.1
110.4
115.8
115.4
111.8
113.4
112.9
115.1
117.3
115.7
113.3
115.9
118.0
116.4
114.3
115.7
114.0
117.1
113.5
128.9
129.5
125.7
127.7
128.9
127.0
130.4
124.9
130.7
128.6
121.1
124.6
124.0
126.6
131.0
129.5
126.0
130.5
130.4
130.0
125.4
131.8
128.6
129.5
123.8
143.9
145.9
139.9
144.9
141.5
143.8
148.4
141.4
145.9
147.0
135.6
138.2
136.4
139.5
145.4
145.8
140.9
145.8
145.7
147.4
142.1
149.9
142.0
144.7
138.3
153.4
155.8
148.4
153.4
150.9
154.7
158.8
152.4
156.6
155.9
148.7
148.3
143.9
152.1
155.9
154.0
150.9
152.8
154.9
156.1
151.7
160.1
151.0
152.2
149.3
160.8
161.9
156.4
159.5
160.1
161.4
164.9
159.5
165.7
165.4
156.0
154.8
150.5
160.6
164.1
159.5
157.5
158.8
160.8
164.3
160.4
166.7
157.5
158.6
156.6
173.0
173.5
166.7
172.3
172.1
176.6
175.1
166.0
178.1
179.7
165.6
167.4
161.1
172.8
176.6
172.9
170.5
172.7
173.1
177.6
172.9
179.6
171.8
169.9
167.0
188.1
187.2
184.4
184.0
187.0
189.6
193.8
183.6
192.5
193.3
182.0
178.9
173.3
187.9
190.4
188.9
182.7
186.7
189.3
191.8
189.6
193.9
184.2
184.7
183.7
200.3
203.1
201.5
194.1
198.2
201.9
206.8
200.5
205.6
202.0
194.2
187.0
185.3
202.0
202.8
202.5
195.9
199.6
202.4
203.3
208.4
205.3
194.1
195.8
196.6
211.9
216.9
217.0
204.2
208.7
212.2
220.4
213.3
217.9
214.5
207.0
198.6
196.0
214.5
215.6
216.3
207.5
211.8
209.9
215.7
229.7
218.0
203.2
206.2
209.0
224.0
229.9
229.8
215.2
220.2
223.0
233.0
222.7
229.0
226.9
216.9
209.9
208.2
227.4
229.0
230.1
218.7
224.3
222.3
228.4
243.3
229.3
213.8
217.3
224.3
105.9
105.1
106.5
107.2
106.1
107.0
107.3
113.9
111.7
114.8
116.7
116.4
115.1
114.4
128.1
125.0
129.3
128.6
131.6
130.1
128.5
144.4
145.6
144.4
148.5
148.2
148.8
149.1
152.2
152.3
152.2
159.5
156.2
157.5
159.6
160.8
162.5
160.5
169.7
166.5
166.1
167.5
175.4
175.3
176.1
185.6
179.8
180.2
180.7
189.4
187.2
190.7
202.5
193.1
192.4
193.9
201.9
197.9
203.3
213.0
208.4
204.5
206.9
214.8
210.8
216.3
218.5
220.9
219.2
217.9
227.3
224.3
229.1
229.0
233.5
230.2
228.8
1 Union scales are the minimum wage scales (excluding holiday and va
cation payments made directly to the worker each pay period) agreed upon
through collective bargaining between trade unions and employers. Rates in
July 1,
1970
excess of the negotiated minimum which may be paid for special qualifica
tions or other reasons are not included.
290
Table 119. Indexes of union hourly wage rates 1 in selected printing trades, selected years, 1910-78
[1967 = 100]
Trade
May 15, May 15, May 15, May 15, May 15, May 15, June 1, July 1, July 1, July 1, July 1, July 1, July 1, July 1, July 1,
1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964
1930
1935
1925
1915
1910
1920
11.2
Newspaper..............................................
Compositors, hand...........................
Machine operators...........................
Machine tenders (machinists)..........
M ailers.............................................
Photoengravers...............................
Web press operators:
Press operators, w e b ................
Press operators-in-charge........
Press operators, web and op
erators-in-charge ...................
Stereotypers.....................................
9.8
9.5
10.0
10.0
12.1
_
_
19.9
24.2
26.7
26.5
29.6
33.5
56.9
69.0
80.6
83.2
85.6
88.1
90.4
10.7
7.9
10.2
10.9
11.7
13.0
11.3
19.1
17.2
20.4
20.2
21.4
22.1
19.5
24.0
20.8
24.1
25.0
27.8
26.6
23.8
26.4
21.3
25.5
27.1
30.2
29.3
25.5
26.1
21.3
25.0
26.2
31.4
28.1
25.3
29.1
23.6
27.7
29.6
33.6
31.1
28.1
27.1
32.2
26.4
30.2
27.8
32.8
28.2
31.3
33.5
37.4
34.4
31.6
30.5
35.6
30.2
33.7
31.2
56.1
51.0
54.8
57.3
61.8
57.3
52.4
55.3
57.2
54.3
57.2
55.6
68.1
63.9
66.1
69.1
72.2
69.4
63.8
68.8
70.6
66.4
69.3
67.6
84.4
80.3
78.3
79.0
80.4
85.1
80.9
74.2
82.1
82.1
78.3
80.6
80.0
86.4
83.1
81.5
81.8
83.1
87.6
83.4
76.7
84.7
84.7
81.1
83.2
83.3
85.8
85.6
84.4
84.1
85.6
89.7
86.1
79.1
87.8
87.6
83.5
85.6
85.7
88.1
88.2
87.5
86.9
88.2
91.8
88.5
81.7
90.1
90.0
86.1
87.9
88.4
90.1
90.7
90.3
90.2
90.5
93.4
90.8
90.0
91.5
92.0
89.1
90.4
90.8
92.8
30.7
32.0
32.1
32.1
25.8
35.3
35.1
36.3
36.2
36.7
31.0
38.4
58.7
59.6
59.4
59.9
55.6
60.9
70.5
70.7
70.5
70.6
69.0
72.0
81.1
81.1
80.8
80.9
81.3
82.4
83.4
83.1
82.7
82.9
84.0
85.0
85.7
85.5
85.2
85.5
86.6
86.7
88.1
87.9
87.6
87.9
89.2
89.2
90.1
90.3
90.2
90.5
90.2
91.7
29.3
29.9
All printing trades2....................
Book and jo b ...........................................
Bindery workers (journeymen II).......
Bookbinders (journeymen I).............
Compositors, hand...........................
Electrotypers....................................
Machine operators...........................
Machine tenders (machinists)..........
M ailers.............................................
Photoengravers...............................
Press assistants and fe e d e rs..........
Press operators, cylinder..................
Press operators, p laten...................
Stereotypers.....................................
33.8
34.3
58.2
58.2
70.5
70.3
81.1
80.6
83.9
83.4
85.5
84.8
87.8
86.6
89.7
88.5
29.4
30.4
33.8
34.9
58.3
59.7
70.4
71.6
80.9
82.1
83.8
84.6
85.4
86.9
87.6
89.1
89.5
91.0
_
7.5
11.2
9.6
8.4
12.0
10.4
19.6
18.5
21.6
20.3
23.4
22.8
26.3
23.9
27.3
23.9
28.0
25.8
29.8
22.8
26.9
24.4
12.0
12.9
12.7
12.9
13.9
13.5
14.5
20.6
21.8
21.8
24.1
24.7
25.9
25.9
26.1
27.3
28.8
28.7
28.8
27.5
28.8
28.7
28.8
19.5
26.0
30.2
31.3
11.2
12.4
11.8
13.6
19.9
20.2
July 1, July 1, July 1,
1965
1966
1967
26.4
27.0
26.1
27.0
23.8
25.0
July 1, July 1, July 1, July 1, July 1, July 1, July 1, July 1, July 1, July 1, Sept. 1,
1977
1978
1971
1972
1974
1968 2 1969
1970
1973
1975
1976
All printing trades 2...................
93.0
96.1
100.0
105.0 . 111.9
121.2
133.6
144.2
153.3
165.7
179.8
192.2
204.9
219.2
> and jo b ...........................................
k
Bindery workers (journeymen II)......
Bookbinders (journeymen I).............
Compositors, hand...........................
Electrotypers....................................
Machine operators...........................
Machine tenders (machinists)..........
M ailers.............................................
Photoengravers................................
Press assistants and fe e d e rs..........
Press operators, cylinder..................
Press operators, p laten...................
Stereotypers.....................................
93.5
93.5
92.7
93.6
94.9
93.8
93.4
93.4
94.5
91.5
93.3
93.7
94.5
96.6
96.9
96.7
96.6
96.9
96.7
96.7
95.6
97.5
95.7
96.2
96.7
96.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
105.2
106.4
104.6
105.9
103.6
105.9
106.6
104.0
104.0
105.9
104.7
104.8
104.4
111.8
114.0
111.7
111.8
110.0
111.8
112.5
112.7
110.2
113.1
111.5
112.5
111.5
121.0
121.4
121.8
121.9
115.4
121.3
122.3
119.2
119.8
122.5
120.6
121.7
117.0
133.7
136.0
135.3
135.4
123.5
134.2
137.1
132.4
128.9
141.6
131.9
133.5
126.6
144.4
148.9
147.9
145.5
131.1
143.9
148.1
140.1
138.3
154.0
142.3
145.1
134.1
155.1
162.8
157.3
157.4
139.6
155.6
159.5'
149.3
147.7
165.8
151.4
154.3
141.4
166.2
176.6
169.0
168.1
147.4
166.2
170.5
163.2
159.4
175.7
160.8
164.9
151.8
180.8
192.1
181.3
185.6
158.6
182.8
187.0
171.8
172.2
190.5
174.8
179.7
163.8
193.3
210.2
194.2
197.1
167.5
194.1
199.0
184.7
182.5
202.9
186.9
192.8
173.8
206.8
229.3
207.8
208.9
176.2
205.7
209.5
198.2
194.4
212.4
202.2
209.6
183.9
222.1
249.5
222.3
224.6
185.7
220.3
226.3
206.5
209.8
220.0
218.8
229:5
195.3
vspaper..............................................
Compositors, hand...........................
Machine operators...........................
Machine tenders (machinists)..........
M ailers..............................................
Photoengravers................................
Web press operators:
Press operators, w e b ................
Press operators-in-charge........
Press operators, web and op
erators-in-charge....................
Stereotypers.....................................
92.5
92.5
92.2
92.6
93.1
93.8
95.4
95.4
95.0
95.4
95.9
96.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
105.1
105.1
105.3
105.0
105.4
105.1
112.0
111.6
112.1
111.4
113.8
112.0
120.8
120.2
121.6
119.8
121.7
123.1
133.1
132.1
133.4
131.9
138.9
132.9
144.2
143.4
145.0
142.7
151.2
144.2
152.2
150.7
150.9
149.6
160.5
152.5
165.4
163.9
164.6
162.8
174.9
162.9
179.0
179.0
180.7
177.8
186.8
177.6
191.7
190.5
193.2
189.7
203.4
190.9
203.6
200.0
205.6
201.3
215.6
202.9
215.0
212.6
215.1
214.0
225.9
215.1
91.9
90.6
95.3
93.9
100.0
100.0
104.5
104.2
111.2
111.0
120.0
120.3
131.9
129.2
141.8
137.8
151.4
146.9
164.5
159.6
175.7
168.9
186.8
180.9
201.0
196.8
213.8
207.8
91.7
93.3
95.1
96.0
100.0
100.0
104.4
105.7
111.1
112.4
119.9
120.9
131.5
132.0
141.3
142.2
150.9
152.9
164.0
164.3
174.9
172.7
187.1
188.6
201.5
198.2
214.2
206.7
1 Union rates are the minimum wage rates (excluding holiday and vaca
tion payments made directly to the worker each pay period) agreed upon
through collective bargaining between trade unions and employers. Rates in
excess of the negotiated minimum which may be paid for special qualifica
291
tions or other reasons, are not included.
2 Lithography (offset) workers are included in the index beginning in 1968.
No
t e
:
Dash indicates data not available.
Table 120. Average union rates1 for selected trades by city,2 1978
Building trades
Region and city
Printing trades 3
Local transit
Book and
job
Journeymen
Helpers and
laborers
$11.05
$8.54
$7.53
$8.51
$9.23
10.86
10.11
10.37
10.05
10.55
8.34
8.47
7.97
8.30
7.99
8.47
5.88
6.23
6.55
6.56
7.91
5.77
7.36
7.55
10.19
9.39
7.22
6.61
9.66
8.43
10.46
11.88
. 11.40
11.52
11.07
10.98
11.26
10.68
8.86
8.93
9.55
8.49
8.92
9.42
8.37
9.42
6.32
6.82
7.35
8.06
7.06
8.07
7.19
6.00
7.24
7.29
10.27
8.59
7.29
7.16
6.70
5.81
7.66
9.57
10.72
11.18
8.63
9.48
8.80
9.16
9.93
10.76
9.27
10.80
6.81
8.02
5.67
8.38
7.67
6.92
6.89
8.16
7.32
9.68
5.38
9.05
8.89
9.34
6.96
9.74
9.64
9.64
9.55
9.36
10.32
9.52
9.62
9.04
6.41
6.63
5.21
5.53
7.06
6.71
6.69
6.26
7.43
6.56
7.70
6.74
7.76
6.25
6.62
7.09
6.76
6.91
4.61
—
7.79
6.75
6.40
5.10
5.52
8.17
—
6.73
—
9.43
10.04
10.14
10.83
10.22
9.54
5.78
6.47
6.46
7.91
7.64
5.67
—
5.35
6.26
6.02
5.96
—
5.73
6.21
8.12
6.25
5.73
—
7.62
6.52
8.12
11.34
11.66
11.77
11.80
11.33
11.63
10.83
10.09
11.80
11.45
11.14
10.71
11.39
12.22
10.00
9.23
10.49
10.54
8.09
9.60
8.40
7.05
8.73
8.19
9.78
8.80
9.83
10.36
6.04
8.91
6.88
7.62
6.71
7.91
6.01
6.00
6.82
6.79
7.53
7.77
7.60
6.82
7.25
9.51
8.04
8.04
7.62
8.63
7.95
6.33
7.08
7.61
8.44
8.00
8.15
7.32
9.37
9.76
9.27
8.76
9.20
9.32
8.65
8.77
8.22
9.81
8.90
9.93
8.07
9.15
11.49
11.02
10.93
10.32
9.18
8.03
9.51
7.20
7.40
6.24
7.49
4.35
8.45
6.97
7.46
7.11
8.75
7.75
9.66
7.66
10.64
11.24
10.57
7.77
8.47
8.09
7.48
6.59
5.62
7.50
6.52
8.86
9.88
9.04
7.85
All cities....................................................................................
Newspaper
New England
Boston, M a s s ................................. :...............................................
New Bedford, M a ss........................................................................
New Haven, C o n n ..........................................................................
Providence, R .l................................................................................
Stamford, C o n n ...............................................................................
Middle Atlantic
Albany, N .Y .....................................................................................
Buffalo, N .Y ....................................................................................
New York, N .Y ................................................................................
Newark, N .J....................................................................................
Philadelphia, P a ................... ................. ........................................
Pittsburgh, P a ..................................................................................
Rochester, N .Y ................................................................................
Scranton, P a ...................................................................................
Border States
Baltimore, Md..................................................................................
Louisville, Ky...................................................................................
Norfolk, V a ......................................................................................
Washington, D .C .............................................................................
Southeast
Atlanta, G a ......................................................................................
Chattanooga, T en n.......................................................................
Huntsville, A la .................................................................................
Jacksonville, F la .............................................................................
Memphis, T e n n ...............................................................................
Miami, F la .......................................................................................
Nashville-Davidson, T e n n ..............................................................
St. Petersburg, F la ..........................................................................
—
—
—
Southwest
Corpus Christi, T e x .........................................................................
Dallas, T ex......................................................................................
Fort Worth, T ex...............................................................................
Houston, T e x ..................................................................................
New Orleans, L a .............................................................................
San Antonio, T e x ............................................................................
—
—
7.10
Great Lakes
Akron, Ohio.....................................................................................
Chicago, III......................................................................................
Cincinnati, O hio...............................................................................
Cleveland, Ohio...............................................................................
Columbus, Ohio...............................................................................
Detroit, M ic h ...................................................................................
Flint, M ic h .......................................................................................
Grand Rapids, M ich........................................................................
Hammond, Ind................................................................................
Indianapolis, Ind..............................................................................
Milwaukee, W is ...............................................................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul, M in n ............................................................
Rockford, III....................................................................................
Toledo, O hio...................................................................................
Middle West
Kansas City, M o ..............................................................................
Omaha, N ebr..................................................................................
St. Louis, M o ...................................................................................
Wichita, K a n s ..................................................................................
Mountain
Denver, C o lo ...................................................................................
Phoenix, A r iz ...................................................................................
Salt Lake City, U ta h ........................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
292
Table 120. Average union rates1 for selected trades by city,2 1978—Continued
Building trades
Region and city
Printing trades 3
Local transit
Journeymen
Helpers and
laborers
Book and
job
Fremont, Calif..................................................................................
Fresno, C a lif....................................................................................
Honolulu, H aw aii.............................................................................
Long Beach, C a lif...........................................................................
Los Angeles, Calif...........................................................................
Portland, O reg .................................................................................
Riverside, C a lif................................................................................
Sacramento, C a lif...........................................................................
San Diego, C a lif..............................................................................
San Francisco, C a lif........................................................................
Santa Ana, C a lif..............................................................................
Seattle, W ash..................................................................................
Spokane, W ash...............................................................................
$12.41
11.87
10.29
11.91
11.55
12.05
11.94
12.58
11.97
13.02
11.63
12.47
11.99
$9.29
9.29
8.14
8.47
8.64
8.66
8.71
9.27
8.51
9.66
8.59
9.38
8.77
1 Minimum wage rates (excluding holidays and vacation pay
ments) agreed upon through collective bargaining between em
ployers and trade unions. These averages, designed to show cur
rent levels, are based on wage rates as of the first workday in July
for building and local transit, and the first workday in Sept, for
printing.
2 The studies include only cities of 100,000 population or more.
3
The averages in the book and job tabulation include rates for
the semiskilled bindery workers and press assistants and feed
ers— as well as the highly skilled journeyman, composing room
and pressroom workers, and others. The number of semiskilled
workers organized in a city may influence the average for the city.
Newspaper
P a c ific
293
$6.61
7.58
7.78
8.09
8.30
8.09
7.71
8.88
7.92
6.75
8.34
7.01
$9.35
8.20
7.29
7.42
8.71
9.05
—
9.83
8.63
8.97
7.64
8.89
7.63
$9.51
11.10
9.46
10.48
—
—
9.96
9.97
10.32
—
10.36
8.84
Note : Dashes indicate that no union wage rates were in effect
at the time of the survey reference date.
Table 121. Average annual salaries for selected professional, administrative, and technical
occupations, 1961-791
Accountants
Chief accountants 2
Auditors
Buyers
Year
I
1961.....
1962 .....
1963.....
1964 1 ...
II
III
IV
V
I
II
III
IV
I
II
III
IV
I
$5,736 $6,324 $7,200 $8,724 $10,548 $5,196 $6,468 $7,728 $9,480 $9,564
(3)
(3) $15,012
8,988
10,872
5,340 6,600
7,932
5,880 6,456
7,416
9,840 9,972 $11,460 $13,152
15,192
11,232
5,544 6,900 8,244 10,092 10,236
6,156 6,708
7,668
9,228
11,808
13,512
15,516
11,568
8,520 10,284 10,296
6,240 6,840
7,908 9,504
5,832
7,188
14,124
12,576
15,948
1965 1 ...
196 6 .....
1967 .....
1968.....
1969.....
1970.....
1971.....
1972 .....
1973.....
1974.....
8,503
8,975
9,067
9,417
9,739
1975 .....
1976.....
1977.....
1978 .....
1979 .....
10,891
11,453
12,155
12,785
13,790
7,044 8,124
7,308 8,328
8,879
7,820
8,277
9,367
9,013 10,029
9,792
10,116
10,660
11,273
11,967
11,940
12,336
12,795
13,531
14,373
9,609
10,213
10,655
10,934
11,549
10,686
11,383
11,879
12,472
13,285
12,755
13,654
14,259
15,068
16,051
15,477 8,894
9,955
16,626 9,401 10,643
17,368 9,628 10,924
18,400 10,310 11,360
19,560 10,352 12,024
12,785
13,394
14,624
15,671
16,706
14,458
15,428
16,545
18,115
19,468
17,618
18,738
20,367
22,036
24,045
21,664
23,402
25,042
27,301
29,744
6,312
6,576
6,990
7,451
8,002
6,204
6,408
7,190
7,645
8,367
7,440 8,748
7,740 8,904
8,354 9,449
8,707 9,977
9,287 10,726
11,296
11,769
12,570
13,243
13,487
12,587
13,427
14,503
15,694
16,493
1961 .... $6,372
6,552
1962.....
7,452
1963.....
7,248
1964 1 ...
III
IV
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
___
—
—
—
—
_
_
_
_
10,728
11,196
11,633
12,303
13,125
10,740
10,800
11,768
12,289
13,212
12,588
12,288
13,036
14,135
14,637
14,604
15,144
15,883
16,577
17,714
17,028
17,676 $6,648 $7,920 $9,252 $11,256
8,211
18,896
7,030
9,819
11,806
7,344 8,660 10,260
19,046
12,431
7,877
20,586
9,269 10,942
13,151
11,475
12,227
12,881
13,568
14,341
14,044
15,136
15,823
16,669
17,491
13,917
14,449
15,348
16,220
17,601
15,647
17,191
17,419
18,634
20,072
18,780
20,897
21,198
22,687
23,805
23,133
8,512
24,597
8,998
26,521
9,380
26,735
9,603
29,021 10,073
9,759
10,375
10,922
11,431
12,141
11,665
12,585
13,117
13,835
14,659
13,895
14,785
15,555
16,423
17,421
15,334
16,059
17,108
18,756
20,303
18,800
19,952
21,526
23,093
24,700
19,289
20,460
22,558
23,561
25,457
21,323
22,753
25,320
27,769
29,104
26,226
28,136
31,324
34,160
36,567
32,094
33,916
36,789
39,895
45,274
13,337
14,200
15,099
16,195
17,107
15,995
17,122
18,021
19,590
21,200
18,983
20,075
21,907
23,853
25,508
10,861
11,732
12,346
12,887
13,859
Directors of personnel
Job analysts
Attorneys 4
I
II
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
I
II
III
IV
I
II
III
IV
$8,136
8,016
8,484
8,532
$9,804
10,044
10,296
10,464
$11,604
11,844
12,300
12,816
$14,664
14,916
15,372
16,032
$15,336
16,440
17,496
18,420
$20,712
22,392
23,724
24,288
$5,916
6,096
6,408
6,576
$6,732
7,056
7,212
7,452
$7,944
8,004
8,220
8,544
$9,612
9,636
9,852
10,164
$8,676
8,844
8,952
9,660
$9,996
10,428
10,680
11,160
$12,442
12,900
13,440
13,896
$14,532
15,096
15,744
16,512
24,804
25,836
27,293
28,841
6,636
7,080
7,621
(5)
8,137
7,668
7,752
8,157
8,820
9,081
8,892
9,432
9,618
10,401
10,595
10,668
11,340
11,964
12,577
12,830
9,576
9,996
10,407
11,029
11,847
11,352
11,880
12,394
13,215
13,925
14,520
14,544
15,319
16,005
16,738
16,956
18,204
19,186
19,715
20,585
8,938
9,232
9,441
9,362
9,783
9,571
10,397
10,828
11,010
11,488
11,183
12,016
12,526
13,061
13,921
13,035
14,103
15,057
16,211
17,263
12,593
13,730
14,313
14,748
15,790
14,832
15,920
16,401
17,753
18,815
18,419
19,823
20,153
21,984
24,078
21,920
23,872
24,738
26,611
28,140
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
(5)
12,543
13,559
13,572
14,040
15,333
14,949
16,091
17,016
18,354
20,106
18,459
19,142
20,908
22,616
24,231 |
16,809
18,193
19,062
20,833
22,996
19,938
21,720
23,755
26,245
27,981
25,033
26,845
29,188
32,201
34,285
31,841
33,060
37,785
40,835
43,933
19651 ....
1966.....
1967.....
1968.....
1969.....
7,368
7,668
(5)
9,338
11,020
8,940
9,120
9,62210,293
12,780
10,512
10,980
11,843
12,602
15,879
13,644
14,052
14,419
15,283
19,163
16,500
16,728
17,206
17,936
23,685
20,040
20,748
21,415
22,152
29,421
1970.....
1971.....
1972.....
1973.....
1974 ....
11,859
12,932
13,498
13,478
14,223
13,585
14,345
14,640
15,555
16,357
16,884
17,509
18,392
19,565
21,082
20,304
22,178
23,448
24,693
25,956
25,391
26,277
27,528
30,035
31,999
33,032
33,375
34,828
37,048
38,180
1975....
1976....
1977....
1978....
1979....
15,220
15,413
16,033
17,693
18,740
17,757
18,667
19,938
21,713
23,468
22,558
24,205
25,460
27,738
29,644
28,159
29,828
30,973
33,547
37,807
34,040
36,308
38,828
42,318
45,599 I
41,046
43,747
46,509
51,798
56,964
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
See footnotes at end of table.
294
Table 121. Average annual salaries for selected professional, administrative, and technical
occupations, 1961-791—Continued
Chemists
Engineers
Year
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII
$5,772
6,120
6,384
6,456
$6,684
6,912
7,188
7,320
$7,716
7,956
8,292
8,604
$9,504
9,936
10,248
10,632
$11,424
11,976
12,420
12,744
$13,356
13,464
14,112
14,748
$15,456
16,524
16,860
17,328
$18,276
18,984
19,824
23,084
$6,576
6,708
7,056
$7,308
7,488
7,728
$8,460
8,652
8,928
$9,984
10,248
10,728
$11,520
11,880
12,540
$13,368
13,740
14,400
$16,476
16,608
17,256
$19,056
19,572
19,992
1965 1 ... 6,612
1966..... 7,104
1967..... 7,590
1968..... 8,061
1969..... 8,736
7,584
7,884
8,482
8,931
9,626
8,808
9 ,i0 8
9,719
10,187
11,063
10,980
11,448
12,044
12,751
13,359
13,068
13,740
14,405
15,263
16,080
15,168
15,936
16,575
17,324
18,529
17,928'
18,900
20,110
20,561
22,473
22,212
23,304
24,676
25,416
27,092
7,344
7,512
7,764
8,388
9,023
8,004
8,292
8,496
9,078
9,771
9,204
9,468
9,780
10,330
10,963
11,016
11,376
11,784
12,424
13,095
12,924
13,272
13,788
14,523
15,223
14,820
15,336
15,828
16,604
17,361
17,652
18,012
18,672
19,332
20,216
20,484
21,108
21,636
22,235
23,280
9,662
10,455
11,701
13,893
16,107
18,577
21,199
24,020
10,209
10,677
10,921
11,203
11,077
11,694
12,071
12,591
12,350
13,117
13,682
14,326
14,695
15,535
16,159
17,030
17,004
17,979
18,628
19,614
19,471
20,547
21,402
22,586
22,328
23,508
24,367
25,681
25,393
26,736
27,885
29,499
11,901
13,171
15,160
17,929
20,654
23,827
26,960
31,469
12,917
13,918
14,613
15,928
17,345
14,197
15,184
16,221
17,567
19,026
16,330
17,482
18,696
20,194
21,931
19,443
20,749
22,072
23,972
25,989
22,427
24,082
25,620
28,001
30,472
26,109
27,737
29,376
32,264
34,801
29,101
30,850
32,999
36,520
39,340
34,114
36,236
38,063
42,104
45,221
1961.....
1962.....
1963.....
19641 2
....
*
4
3
1970..... 9,164
1971..... 9,688
1972..... 9,838
1973..... 10,028
1974..... 10,660
1975.....
1976.....
1977.....
1978.....
1979.....
11,801
12,473
12,872
13,492
14,455
10,233
10,776
11,092
11,534
12,408
11,737
12,459
12,901
13,217
14,298
19,204
20,429
21,674
23,532
25,459
17,066
17,928
18,581
19,312
20,702
19,700
20,514
21,277
22,602
24,079
IV
V
I
1961.....
1962..... $4,704
1963..... 4,764
1964 1 ... 4,872
$5,460 $6,252
5,580 6,432
5,820 6,672
$7,068
7,272
7,512
$7,932
8,256
8,556
1965 1 ... 4,932
1966..... 5,100
1967..... 5,366
1968..... • 5,585
1969..... 5,942
6,828
6,984
7,235
7,596
8,040
7,680
7,908
8,318
8,767
9,300
8,676
8,940
9,341
9,788
10,321
$5,424
5,549
5,762
6,110
6,454
$6,875
6,973
7,219
7,548
7,988
$8,038
8,261
8,720
9,233
9,755
4,345
4,411
4,734
4,951
5,301
1970.....
1971.....
1972.....
1973 .....
1974.....
6,298
6,854
7,208
7,500
7,975
7,520 8,541
7,963 9,148
8,207 9,507
8,613 10,005
9,122 10,491
9,837
10,389
10,788
11,257
11,974
11,043
11,815
12,259
12,799
13,654
6,805
7,221
7,550
7,988
8,507
8,364
8,812
9,201
9,832
10,443
10,204
10,801
11,492
12,173
13,070
5,675
5,889
6,288
6,687
7,048
1975 ..... 8,625
1976 ..... 9,064
1977 ..... 9,727
1978..... 10,461
1979..... 10,825
11,397
12,258
13,151
14,062
15,094
13,101
14,178
15,221
16,302
17,624
14,829
16,086
17,237
18,703
20,222
8,988
9,763
10,354
11,247
(8)
11,217
12,029
12,833
13,709
(8)
14,289
15,288
15,828'
16,902
7,674
8,369
9,214
9,803
(8)
II
5,892
6,000
6,305
6,661
7,011
9,970
10,841
11,355
11,918
12,690
III
31,362
33,559
36,329
38,927
42,016
27,731
29,714
30,827
32,099
34,475
26,729
28,868
30,526
33,110
35,232
Engineering technicians 6
I
22,937
24,520
25,888
26,899
28,203
22,700
24,099
26,214
28,494
30,828
13,288
14,077
14,439
16,337
17,365
15,572
16,589
17,600
19,453
21,025
14,218
15,036
15,670
16,140
17,283
37,855
40,723
44,642
47,156
48,961
Drafters 7
II
Tracers
III
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
(8)
5 Insufficient data obtained to warrant presentation of average salaries.
6 Job added in 1962.
7 Revised definition introduced in 1965; data for previous years not com
parable.
8 Revised definition introduced in 1979; data for previous years not com
parable. Mar. 1979 averages were: Drafters I— $9,395; II— $10,715; III—
$12,835; IV— $15,307; V — $19,269.
1 Since 1972, the survey has covered establishments located in both
metropolitan and nonmetropolitan areas, with a minimum of 250 employees
in manufacturing and retail trade, and 100 in all other industries studied.
The coverage of earlier surveys differed as follows: 1964 a n d e a rlie r s u r
v e y s— limited to establishments located in metropolitan areas, with 250 em
ployees or more; 1965— establishments in nonmetropolitan areas were
added to the survey coverage; 1966— the minimum establishment size was
lowered from 250 to 100 employees in transportation, communications, and
public utilities; wholesale trade; and services; to 50 employees in finance,
insurance, and real estate; and remained unchanged at 250 in manufactur
ing and retail trade.
2 Public accountants were included in the survey in 1979. Mar. 1979 aver
ages were: Public accountants I— $13,939; II— $15,817; III— $19,174; IV—
$24,183.
3 Revised definition introduced in 1962; data for 1961 not comparable.
4 Revised definition introduced in 1969. Data for previous years not com
parable because of changes in the number and definitions of work levels.
$3,931
3,995
4,257
4,329
N o t e : Within each occupation, the work levels surveyed, usually desig
nated by Roman numerals with class I assigned to the lowest level, are de
fined in terms of duties and responsibilities. Specific job factors determining
classification, however, varied from occupation to occupation. From 1961 to
1966, the average month of reference for drafters was Feb. and, for all
other occupations, Mar. From 1967 to 1971, the average month of refer
ence was June for all occupations. Beginning in 1972, a Mar. average refer
ence period applied. For additional data see B LS annual bulletin N a tio n a l
S u rv e y o f P ro fe s s io n a l, A d m in is tra tiv e , T e c h n ic a l, a n d C le r ic a l P a y .
295
Table 122. Average straight-time pay for selected occupations in 26 municipal governments, October
1977-September 1978
[Standard weekly hours in parenthesis]
Occupation
Chicago
June 1978
Cleveland
June 1978
$184.50
155.50
195.50
170.00
145.50
160.00
192.50
175.50
152.50
Boston
October 1977
Atlanta
May 1978
Columbus
April 1978
$188.50
170.50
197.50
175.50
163.50
162.50
193.50
Dallas
July 1978
C LE R IC A L (weekly pay)
Clerks, accounting, class A ............
Clerks, accounting, class B ............
Keypunch operators, class A .........
Keypunch operators, class B .........
M essengers....................................
Stenographers, general...................
Stenographers, senior....................
Typists, class A ...............................
Typists, class B ...............................
$199.00 (40.0)
153.00 (40.0)
—
177.00 (40.0)
148.00 (40.0)
181.50 (40.0)
196.50 (40.0)
167.00 (40.0)
130.50 (40.0)
$197.50
167.50
185.50
159.50
(35.0)
(35.0)
(35.0)
(35.0)
—
—■
186.00 (35.0)
—
148.00 (35.0)
(35.0)
(35.0)
(35.0)
(35.0)
(35.0)
(35.0)
(35.0)
(35.0)
(35.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
—
150.50 (40.0)
$194.50
183.00
208.00
165.50
—
—
(40.0)
—
—
(40.0)
(40.0)
—
(40.0)
$185.50 (40.0)
—
174.50 (40.0)
—
142.00 (40.0)
—
—
154.00 (40.0)
133.50 (40.0)
M AINTENANCE AND
CU STO D IAL (hourly pay)
_
6.72
6.00
4.93
3.46
5.92
6.19
5.77
5.11
4.40
11.05
11.71
9.68
—
5.76
13.76
14.08
13.08
5.24
4.65
6.67
6.90
6.90
5.76
4.86
6.18
6.27
6.32
3.95
3.50
1,051 (56.0)
1,124 (40.0)
1,337 (40.0)
1,205 (42.0)
1,223 (36.7)
1,485 (36.7)
1,645 (47.0)
1,615 (40.0)
1,994 (40.0)
1,379 (48.0)
1,374 (40.0)
1,586 (40.0)
1,270 (56.0)
1,289 (40.0)
1,554 (40.0)
1,283 (54.0)
1,316 (40.0)
1.560 (40.0)
7.63
9.30
—
—
—
—
5.79
6.19
5.92
6.34
_
_
_
3.61
4.89
_
3.84
4.41
4.63
Carpenters, maintenance................
Electricians, maintenance..............
Painters, maintenance...................
Helpers, maintenance trades........
Janitors, porters, and c lean ers......
PUBLIC S A F E T Y (monthly pay)
Firefighters......................................
Police officers.................................
Police sergeants............................
SANITATION AND TRUCKING
(hourly pay)
Refuse collectors............................
Refuse truckdrivers........................
Truckdrivers, light truck...................
Truckdrivers, medium truck............
Truckdrivers, heavy truck................
Truckdrivers, tractor-trailer.............
_
4.25
5.16
—
5.31
4.79
4.98
—
—
—
5.42
—
Denver
March 1978
Detroit
January 1978
Houston
September 1978
___
_
_
—
Indianapolis
July 1978
—
Jacksonville
December 1977
Kansas City
September 1978
C LE R IC A L (weekly pay)
Clerks, accounting, class A ............
Clerks, accounting, class B ............
Keypunch operators, class A .........
Keypunch operators, class B .........
M essengers....................................
Stenographers, general...................
Stenographers, senior....................
Typists, class A ...............................
Typists, class B ...............................
$194.50
169.00
_
—
(40.0)
(40.0)
—
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
_
$213.50 (40.0)
—
—
175.50 (40.0)
—
$299.50 (35.0)
263.00 (35.0)
—
—
_
$168.00 (40.0)
•—
147.00 (40.0)
—
$182.50
148.50
167.00
152.50
130.00
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
—
—
165.00 (40.0)
135.00 (40.0)
$171.50 (40.0)
—
190.00 (40.0)
158.00 (40.0)
—
166.50 (40.0)
171.50 (40.0)
153.00 (40.0)
129.50 (40.0)
5.62
6.70
5.59
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
—
—
154.50 (40.0)
142.50 (40.0)
6.86
9.92
6.97
_
5.61
4.61
10.09
9.93
9.63
6.79
6.63
4.07
4.70
3.68
3.33
6.37
6.48
6.10
4.48
4.01
1,445 (48.0)
1,440 (40.0)
1,777 (40.0)
1,487 (50.5)
1,493 (40.0)
1,947 (40.0)
1,526 (54.0)
1,562 (40.0)
1,853 (40.0)
1,161 (56.0)
1,213 (40.0)
1,323 (40.0)
1,047 (56.0)
1,217 (40.0)
1,563 (40.0)
995 (40.0)
1,297 (40.0)
1,750 (40.0)
166.00
197.00
166.00
135.50
258.50
299.50
299.00
259.50
(35.0)
(35.0)
(35.0)
(35.0)
208.50
245.00
190.50
154.00
M AINTENANCE AND
CU STO D IAL (hourly pay)
Carpenters, maintenance................
Electricians, maintenance...............
Painters, maintenance....................
Helpers, maintenance trades.........
Janitors, porters, and cle a n e rs......
7.57
8.32
7.44
PUBLIC S A F E T Y (monthly pay)
Firefighters.....................................
Police officers.................................
Police sergeants............................
See footnotes at end of table.
296
Table 122. Average straight-time pay for selected occupations in 26 municipal governments, October
1977-September 1978— Continued
[Standard weekly hours in parenthesis]
Occupation
Denver
March 1978
Detroit
January 1978
Houston
September 1978
Jacksonville
December 1977
Indianapolis
July 1978
Kansas City
September 1978
SANITATION AN D TRUCKING
(hourly pay)
Refuse collectors............................
Refuse truckdrivers........................
Truckdrivers, light truck..................
Truckdrivers, medium tru ck........... .
Truckdrivers, heavy truck................
Truckdrivers, tractor-trailer.............
$6.49
7.63
6.85
7.13
7.42
$6.95
7.30
7.14
7.30
7.47
$5.82
6.47
$4.61
4.76
$3.81
4.71
$4.87
6.08
_
_
4.56
4.71
3.65
_
Los Angeles
October 1977
Memphis
November 1977
-
New Orleans
September
1978
Milwaukee
July 1978
-
Philadelphia
Septem
ber 1978
New York
May 1978
Phoenix
July 1978
C L E R IC A L (w eekly pay)
Clerks, accounting, class A ...........
Clerks, accounting, class B ...........
Keypunch operators, class A ........
Keypunch operators, class B ........
M essengers...................................
Stenographers, general..................
Stenographers, senior....................
Typists, class A ..............................
Typists, class B ..............................
$227.00 (40.0)
—
$178.50 (37.5)
132.00 (37.5)
$273.50
208.00
224.50
177.50
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
—
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
$140.50 (35.0)
113.00 (35.0)
_
—
(37.5)
(37.5)
(37.5)
(37.5)
—
203.50 (37.5)
$193.50 (40.0)
171.00 (40.0)
—
175.50 (40.0)
—
—
238.50 (40.0)
173.00 (40.0)
153.50 (40.0)
4.83
7.11
7.02
7.07
6.11
5.35
—
7.94
—
5.29
4.76
1,545 (40.0)
1,575 (40.0)
2,011 (40.0)
1,425 (42.0)
1,427 (40.0)
1,626 (40.0)
1,256 (56.0)
1,279 (40.0)
1,793 (40.0)
5.66
6.31
5.22
6.40
$214.00 (40.0)
—
161.50 (40.0)
201.50 (40.0)
236.00 (40.0)
—
185.50 (40.0)
158.00 (37.5)
—
151.50 (37.5)
—
158.50 (40.0)
131.00 (40.0)
9.53
10.57
9.92
6.17
4.53
7.99
7.68
7.74
3.32
3.71
9.54
11.04
8.69
6.57
5.79
4.59
5.32
4.17
11.12
12.18
9.11
—
1,727 (56.0)
1,696 (40.0)
2,081 (40.0)
1,115 (56.0)
1,166 (40.0)
1,263 (40.0)
1,405 (52.3)
1,402 (40.0)
1,613 (40.0)
1,069 (48.0)
1,067 (40.0)
1,394 (40.0)
6.27
7.61
3.85
4.16
—
4.18
4.81
—
6.38
6.98
—
188.50
232.00
234.50
195.50
—
—
112.00 (35.0)
—
145.50 (35.0)
129.50 (35.0)
—
$250.50 (37.5)
$161.00 (35.0)
—
180.50
171.00
176.50
206.00
184.50
170.00
(35.0)
(35.0)
(35.0)
(35.0)
(35.0)
(35.0)
—
224.50
198.00
214.50
244.00
M A IN T E N A N C E A N D
C U S T O D IA L (hourly pay)
Carpenters, maintenance................
Electricians, maintenance...............
Painters, maintenance....................
Helpers, maintenance trades.........
Janitors, porters, and c lean ers.......
PU B LIC S A F E T Y (m onthly pay)
Firefighters......................................
Police officers.................................
Police sergeants............................
SAN ITATIO N A N D T R U C K IN G
(hourly pay)
Refuse collectors............................
Refuse truckdrivers........................
Truckdrivers, light truck..................
Truckdrivers, medium tru ck............
Truckdrivers, heavy truck................
Truckdrivers, tractor-trailer.............
—
6.91
—
7.36
Pittsburgh
February 1978
St. Louis
August 1978
—
6.79
6.95
—
_
_
8.15
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
San Antonio
San Diego
November 1977 November 1977
San Francisco
March 1978
Seattle
January 1978
—
—
—
—
Washington,
D.C
October 1977
C L E R IC A L (w eekly pay)
Clerks, accounting, class A ...........
Clerks, accounting, class B ...........
Keypunch operators, class A .........
Keypunch operators, class B ........
M essengers...................................
Stenographers, general..................
Stenographers, senior....................
Typists, class A ..............................
Typists, class B ..............................
$195.50 (39.0)
—
—
172.50 (38.5)
136.50 (38.5)
182.00 (39.0)
193.00 (39.0)
178.50 (39.0)
169.00 (39.0)
$193.50
184.00
166.50
172.00
158.50
177.00
210.50
196.50
168.50
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
(40.0)
$140.50 (40.0)
—
131.50 (40.0)
—
119.00 (40.0)
126.00 (40.0)
139.00 (40.0)
136.00 (40.0)
122.00 (40.0)
See footnotes at end of table.
297
$204.50 (40.0)
—
190.50 (40.0)
—
—
155.00 (40.0)
203.50 (40.0)
183.50 (40.0)
143.00 (40.0)
$215.00
183.50
212.00
204.00
160.00
207.50
223.00
210.00
186.50
(40.0)
$255.00 (40.0)
(40.0)
230.00 (40.0)
(40.0)
211.50 <40.0)
(40.0)
189.00 (40.0)
(40.0)
159.50 (40.0)
—
(40.0)
—
(40.0)
(40.0)
211.50 (40.0)
(40.0) | 188.00 (40.0)
$181.00 (40.0)
—
156.50 (40.0)
136.50 (40.0)
—
155.50 (40.0)
181.50 (40.0)
160.50 (40.0)
140.00 (40.0)
Table 122. Average straight-time pay for selected occupations in 26 municipal governments, October
1977-September 1978— Continued
[Standard weekly hours in parenthesis]
Occupation
Pittsburgh
February 1978
St. Louis
August 1978
San Antonio
San Diego
November 1977 November 1977
San Francisco
March 1978
Seattle
January 1978
Washington,
D.C
October 1977
M AINTENANCE AND
C U STO D IAL (hourly pay)
Carpenters, maintenance................
Electricians, maintenance...............
Painters, maintenance....................
Helpers, maintenance tra de s.........
Janitors, porters, and cle a n e rs.......
$8.10
8.33
7.33
6.21
4.19
$6.30
7.09
6.19
4.76
3.76
$4.26
4.83
4.30
3.66
3.21
$7.09
7.64
7.17
—
4.47
$10.57
10.37
11.50
8.78
5.42
$8.11
8.45
8.11
5.24
$8.06
8.21
8.06
6.07
4.73
1,256 (42.0)
1,268 (40.0)
1,436 (40.0)
1,261 (56.0)
1,242 (40.0)
1,458 (40.0)
1,121 (56.0)
1,157 (40.0)
1,512 (40.0)
1,337 (56.0)
1,381 (40.0)
1,637 (40.0)
1,568 (48.5)
1,574 (40.0)
1,845 (40.0)
1,594 (46.0)
1,588 (40.0)
1,881 (40.0)
1,386 (40.0)
1,420 (40.0)
1,814 (40.0)
7.24
7.65
4.93
5.60
5.01
3.73
4.50
4.15
4.39
—
5.27
—
6.57
—
11.19
10.63
11.02
11.06
—
—
—
—
6.63
—
7.04
5.73
7.39
6.30
6.87
7.40
7.84
—
PUBLIC S A F E T Y (monthly pay)
Firefighters......................................
Police officers.................................
Police sergeants.............................
SANITATION AN D TRUCKING
(hourly pay)
Refuse collectors............................
Refuse truckdrivers........................
Truckdrivers, light truck...................
Truckdrivers, medium tru ck............
Truckdrivers, heavy truck................
Truckdrivers, tractor-trailer.............
—
—
6.46
—
—
5.60
5.43
—
6.52
6.86
trative, and technical; public safety; clerical; data processing; skilled trades
and maintenance; and guard, laborer and helper occupational groups are
available in the individual reports.
The Baltimore City government, which is included in the program, was not
surveyed during this 12-month period.
N o t e : Standard hours reflect the workweek for which employees receive
their regular straight-time salaries (exclusive of pay for overtime). Salaries
reported are straight-time salaries corresponding to em ployees’ standard
hours. Dashes indicate fewer than 3 municipal government employees
matched the category. Data for additional jobs in the professional, adminis
—
298
Table 123. Indexes of average straight-time hourly earnings1 of men in selected production
occupations in nonelectrical machinery manufacturing, selected metropolitan areas, selected years,
1945-782
[1966-68=100] 3
Selected
occupations
Period
Labor
ers,
material
handling
Tooland die
makers
(other
than
job
bing)
Production workers in—
All
areas
com
bined4
Balti
more
Boston
Buffalo
Chicago
Cleve
land
Dallas
Denver
_
32.0
38.0
41.8
46.6
45.8
(5)
61.0
52.2
55.5
58.7
61.8
63.6
49.5
52.0
56.5
59.1
60.8
65.7
71.9
74.4
76.7
79.0
64.0
74.7
76.4
79.2
81.8
67.0
74.7
76.3
79.5
81.7
63.6
70.7
73.0
76.4
80.0
84.5
86.8
89.0
91.3
94.6
81.1
83.2
86.6
89.2
93.1
82.7
84.8
87.0
89.5
92.4
83.4
85.3
87.1
89.4
92.4
82.0
84.6
87.9
89.9
93.1
105.3
117.0
134.2
156.5
196.8
107.0
124.3
137.2
160.0
210.3
108.4
128.0
141.1
161.0
196.7
107.6
122.5
138.2
162.3
211.2
106.8
119.3
131.7
153.6
192.3
January...........................
October...........................
November.......................
November....................... /
November.......................
30.3
38.0
41.0
45.3
46.6
34.9
40.8
44.0
47.1
48.0
33.5
40.0
43.9
47.7
48.5
32.1
38.1
42.0
45.7
45.4
32.9
38.7
43.1
48.3
50.5
35.0
42.9
42.8
48.2
47.3
33.0
40.0
44.4
48.8
48.7
35.4
41.1
47.0
49.1
49.5
37.6
42.6
45.8
49.0
50.8
1951:
1952:
1953:
1954:
1955:
January...........................
January...........................
January...........................
January...........................
January...........................
50.2
53.6
57.4
60.1
62.3
50.5
53.0
56.2
59.6
61.4
52.1
54.9
58.6
61.5
63.4
48.4
49.6
53.8
56.1
60.6
52.6
54.5
57.8
60.7
62.7
50.8
54.1
58.8
62.3
53.4
55.5
59.6
62.3
64.6
53.4
56.1
58.8
61.7
63.3
54.4
56.2
59.3
62.8
63.9
1956:
1958:
1959:
1960:
1961:
January...........................
January...........................
January...........................
January...........................
M arch-M ay.....................
64.6
72.8
76.2
78.7
81.9
64.3
70.7
73.6
76.4
79.1
66.5
73.2
75.6
78.7
81.1
64.1
70.9
75.2
77.3
80.6
64.6
70.8
74.1
77.9
81.3
66.0
73.5
75.5
78.2
81.3
67.1
73.2
75.9
79.2
80.4
66.7
73.0
74.6
79.7
81.4
1962:
1963:
1964:
1965:
1966:
M arch -Ju n e ....................
M arch-M ay.....................
M arch-M ay.....................
A pril-June.......................
June-July........................
83.8
86.3
89.1
90.9
93.8
81.3
83.2
86.0
88.3
92.2
83.4
85.7
88.0
90.1
93.6
82.2
86.2
88.8
91.1
94.3
83.7
86.1
87.3
89.1
93.3
82.8
85.7
88.4
91.2
93.4
82.8
85.5
88.6
90.5
93.0
1968: Septem ber-Novem ber....
1970-71: W inter6 ....................
1973: February.........................
1974-75: W inter.......................
1978: January...........................
106.4
123.9
143.7
165.1
212.3
107.8
121.1
137.0
160.6
203.3
106.3
120.1
136.1
159.0
203.7
106.0
116.4
133.7
156.3
197.7
106.7
123.0
138.7
155.3
203.7
106.3
120.7
138.9
160.8
209.8
107.0
125.1
140.3
161.1
210.3
New
ark
and
Jersey
City
Phila
delphia
Hous
ton
Los
Ange
lesLong
Beach
Milwau
kee
Minneapolis-St.
Paul
New
York
City
Pitts
burgh
—
—
___
—
—
St.
Louis
San
Francisco Oakland
W orces
ter
(5)
59.7
46.0
49.0
52.1
57.3
59.6
45.6
49.9
51.6
55.1
56.7
70.0
78.2
82.5
84.7
87.1
61.7
68.6
70.9
77.3
78.9
62.9
69.0
71.3
74.0
77.2
57.3
67.9
73.8
75.6
77.9
66.6
88.6
89.2
90.2
91.7
96.1
81.6
84.0
86.5
90.0
92.3
81.2
84.0
85.7
88.4
91.6
79.8
82.4
84.7
89.3
93.2
82.4
85.4
87.2
90.5
94.0
36.1
40.6
45.1
50.4
50.7
36.2
41.9
45.0
47.8
48.4
31.0
39.6
43.2
46.9
46.8
32.5
38.6
42.1
46.0
48.0
35.5
42.4
46.7
50.1
53.7
35.3
41.6
44.3
49.3
50.5
34.3
41.6
44.4
48.9
50.9
32.2
39.8
42.7
48.3
48.0
1951:
1952:
1953:
1954:
1955:
January...........................
January...........................
January...........................
January...........................
January...........................
54.0
56.5
59.9
62.6
64.9
52.0
54.4
58.7
60.8
63.2
50.6
55.0
59.0
61.3
63.1
50.4
53.5
57.6
60.5
62.4
57.3
58.3
61.8
64.8
67.3
52.9
56.6
60.1
61.8
63.7
53.8
56.6
62.0
65.2
67.3
54.3
55.0
58.8
63.2
64.5
1956:
1958:
1959:
1960:
1961:
January...........................
January......................... .'.
January...........................
January...........................
M arch-M ay.....................
68.4
76.4
77.0
82.7
82.5
66.2
73.4
75.2
78.2
80.6
66.2
73.7
76.1
79.0
81.8
65.0
70.8
72.7
75.5
79.9
69.4
75.4
76.5
78.7
81.9
66.8
72.6
75.7
76.8
80.0
69.9
74.9
78.6
81.8
84.4
1962:
1963:
1964:
1965:
1966:
M a rch -Ju n e ....................
M arch-M ay.....................
M arch-M ay.....................
A pril-June.......................
June-July........................
84.2
85.9
87.0
88.9
94.2
83.1
85.7
86.6
89.9
94.4
84.3
86.4
88.5
89.7
94.2
81.5
83.5
86.9
89.0
93.7
84.9
87.4
90.1
91.5
95.9
82.4
84.6
88.5
90.0
93.1
86.5
87.5
89.6
91.9
94.1
299
_
—
32.9
37.5
40.8
43.9
44.1
January...........................
October...........................
November.......................
November.......................
November.......................
Port
land
(Oreg.)
—
28.6
33.7
39.9
42.9
43.7
1945:
1946:
1947:
1948:
1949:
See footnotes at end of table.
Hart
ford
36.7
41.8
45.5
47.6
48.6
1945:
1946:
1947:
1948:
1949:
—
Detroit
—
—
—
—
___
—
—
( 5)
62.5
72.4
74.9
76.3
80.3
Table 123. Indexes of average straight-time hourly earnings1 of men in selected production
occupations in nonelectrical machinery manufacturing, selected metropolitan areas, selected years,
1945-78 2—Continued
(1966-68=100] 3
Period
1968: Septem ber-Novem ber....
1970-71: Winter6 .....................
1973: February.........................
1974-75: W inter.......................
1978: January...........................
Hous
ton
105.6
118.7
136.9
163.4
213.6
Los
Ange
lesLong
Beach
105.6
116.0
129.9
152.0
189.8
Milwau
kee
Minneapo
lis—
St.
Paul
105.9
122.0
140.5
162.0
215.1
107.3
123.2
140.7
162.7
212.8
New
York
City
New
ark
and
Jersey
City
Phila
delphia
104.1
117.5
134.5
7153.6
181.0
107.0
120.9
134.8
7 156.5
193.1
105.6
123.2
140.5
163.3
205.1
1 Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holi
days, and late shifts.
2 Data for the periods shown as Jan. 1951-60 cover various months,
generally winter, of the year.
3 Machinery survey was not conducted in 1967; base period limited to 2
years.
4 The all-area average for the years 1945 through 1953 was made up of
the areas shown and Providence, Syracuse, Atlanta, Chattanooga, Tulsa,
Pitts
burgh
103.7
113.1
135.1
162.1
204.6
Port- ~
land
(Oreg.)
107.4
120.0
137.0
165.9
216.5
St.
Louis
108.4
121.0
136.2
157.0
195.9
San
Francisco Oakland
106.2
122.2
143.6
175.3
202.1
W orces
ter
105.6
120.3
135.2
152.8
197.6
Cincinnati, Indianapolis, and Seattle-Tacoma.
5 Data for 1954 and earlier years were not sufficiently comparable with
information for subsequent years to show here, but these data were includ
ed in the total for all areas studied.
6 Except that data for Philadelphia relate to Apr. 1971.
7 Revision of data previously reported.
N o t e : Dashes indicate no data or data that do not meet publication crite
ria.
300
Table 124. Indexes of salaries1 of Federal employees
in the United States covered by the General Schedule,
selected years, 1939-792
Table 125. Indexes of annual maximum salary scales of
firefighters and police in cities of 100,000 or more,
selected years, 1924-78
[October 1967 = 100]
[1967 = 100]
Average
salaries1
Basic salary
scales 1
Average
salary rates 1
August 1939..............................
June 30, 1945...........................
July 1, 1950...............................
July 1, 1955 2............................
36.8
36.9
55.8
66.0
34.5
3 34.5
54.5
65.0
(4)
44.3
55.4
July
July
July
July
July
I 9 6 0 2' 5........................
1961...............................
1962...............................
1963...............................
1964 5............................
78.2
78.2
78.2
82.6
89.8
77.4
77.3
77.2
81.6
89.3
72.4
73.3
74.2
80.2
89.5
July 1, 1965...............................
July 1, 1966 5............................
October 1, 1967 5.....................
July 1, 1968 5............................
July 1, 1969 5............................
89.8
95.7
100.0
104.9
114.4
89.8
95.8
100.0
104.9
114.9
90.7
95.7
100.0
106.5
120.0
July 1, 1970...............................
July 1, 1971...............................
April 1, 1972 6 ....... ...................
April 1, 1973..............................
April 1, 1974.............................
121.3
128.6
135.6
142.6
149.4
122.3
130.0
138.0
145.1
151.6
130.0
139.2
148.2
156.0
162.0
April 1, 1975..............................
April 1, 1976..............................
April 1, 1977..............................
April 1, 1978..............................
April 1, 1979..............................
October 1, 1979........................
157.5
165.4
174.2
186.4
196.6
210.3
159.3
167.3
176.5
189.1
199.6
(4)
171.1
181.4
191.8
207.8
221.3
(4)
Date
1,
1,
1,
1,
1,
Year
Firefighters
Police
192 4 ...........................................
192 9 ...........................................
25
28
27
29
25
28
193 4 ...........................................
194 0 ...........................................
1 9 4 5 ...........................................
1950...........................................
195 5 ...........................................
28
30
35
45
58
28
30
35
46
59
28
30
34
45
58
196 0 ...........................................
1 9 6 1 ...........................................
1 9 6 2 ...........................................
1 9 6 3 ...........................................
1 9 6 4 ...........................................
72
75
79
83
85
73
77
80
84
86
72
75
78
82
85
1 9 6 5 ...........................................
196 6 ...........................................
196 7 ...........................................
196 8 ...........................................
1 9 6 9 ...........................................
89
94
100
107
117
90
94
100
107
118
89
94
100
107
118
19 7 0 ...........................................
1 9 7 1 ...........................................
1 9 7 2 ...........................................
1 9 7 3 ...........................................
1 9 7 4 ...........................................
128
135
145
157
168
128
136
145
157
167
128
135
145
157
167
1 9 7 5 ...........................................
1 9 7 6 ...........................................
1 9 7 7 ...........................................
1978 1.........................................
25.4
180
193
203
216
181
193
205
217
180
192
201
215
1 Preliminary.
1 Basic salary scales reflect only statutory changes in salaries. Average
salary rates show statutory changes and the effect of changes in the
proportion of workers at each step within the salary ranges for individual
grades. Average salaries measure the effect of these two types of change,
as well as change in the proportion of workers in the various grades.
2 Indexes cover workers now under the General Schedule. Before 1955,
they included not only workers under the General Schedule but those
covered by the Crafts, Protective, and Custodial Schedule. (As of July 1,
1955, about one-third of the approximately 100,000 employees under the
Crafts, Protective, and Custodial Schedule were transferred to the General
Schedule. The remaining two-thirds were transferred to wage board classifi
cations, along with approximately 2,500 workers formerly under the General
Schedule.) Before 1955, there were only minor differences between the
indexes for all workers and for those under the General Schedule.
Beginning with 1960, data include employees in Alaska and Hawaii. The
inclusion of these employees did not affect basic safary scales; average
salary rates and average salaries were affected by negligible amounts.
3 Estimated by assuming the same distribution of employees among
grades and steps within grades in 1945 as in 1939. Since little or no
increase occurred in average salary rates because of in-grade increases
during this period, the change in basic salary scales was assumed to be
almost the same as in average salary rates.
4 Not available.
5 Indexes include increases effective the first pay period beginning in the
month.
6 In 1972, the reference date was changed to April 1, from July 1,
because of a change in the Office of Personnel Management’s reference
date for employment figures which are used as weights in the index
calculations.
Firefighters
and police
t e : The pay period studied varied from year to year between 1924
and 1938. Subsequent data for police refer to the first of the year, or in
some cases to the last of the year preceding the year indicated; data for
firefighters refer to Jan. 1 of each year.
Indexes for the years 1924 to 1938 are based on the average of salaries
actually paid, since data for those years were available on the number of
firefighters and police receiving each rate within the salary range. For
subsequent years, indexes refer to maximum salary scales.
Indexes for each year are obtained by a chaining process in which the
index for the preceding period is adjusted by the percent change in .
maximum salaries over the intervening interval.
No
301
Table 126. Indexes of average annual salaries of urban public classroom teachers by
size of city and county, selected years, 1925-78
[1967=100]
500,000
and under
1,000,000
1,000,000
or more
All teachers
School year ending in June
250.000
and under
500.000
500,000
or more
100,000
and under
250,000
1925........................................................................
1927.................................................... ....................
1929........................................................................
26
27
28
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
29
29
30
25
26
27
23
24
26
1931........................................................................
1933........................................................................
1935........................................................................
1937........................................................................
1939........................................................................
29
27
26
27
29
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
(
(
(
(
(
1)
1)
1)
1)
1)
32
31
29
31
33
28
25
23
25
27
26
23
23
24
26
1941........................................................................
1943........................................................................
1945........................................................................
1947........................................................................
1949........................................................................
30
31
34
39
47
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
(
(
(
(
(
1)
1)
1)
1)
1)
34
35
36
42
49
28
30
34
37
48
26
28
31
35
45
1951........................................................................
1953........................................................................
1955........................................................................
1957.........................................................................
1959........................................................................
50
57
61
68
73
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
73
(
(
(
(
1)
1)
1)
1)
74
52
59
63
71
74
50
57
62
68
73
48
54
59
66
73
1961........................................................................
1963........................................................................
4 9 6 5 ........................................................................
1967 2......................................................................
1969........................................................................
80
85
90
100
114
82
86
89
100
111
80
86
91
100
115
81
86
90
100
113
80
85
90
100
115
79
84
90
100
116
1971........................................................................
1973........................................................................
1975........................................................................
1976........................................................................
1977........................................................................
1978........................................................................
131
149
171
184
194
207
127
152
176
188
197
207
131
145
168
180
194
207
129
149
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
133
148
169
183
193
208
133
148
170
182
193
206
1 Not available.
3 Beginning with 1967, counties that had county-wide school
systems and populations of 100,000 or more (and were located in
S M S A ’s) were included in the data. Previously, only cities with
populations of 100,000 or more were represented by the data.
N o t e : In computing average salaries and increases, all teachers
in each system were classified according to the average salary in
that system. Changes in average salaries exclude the effects of
period-to-period changes in the proportions of teachers among
city-size groups.
Table 127. Percent change in minimum and maximum annual salary scales of refuse
collectors by city size and region, 1973-78
Region 1
City size
Minimum, maximum,
and year
All cities
100,000
and over
Over
999,999
500,000 to 250,000 to
999,999
499,999
100,000 to
249,999
Northeast
South
North
Central
West
MINIMUM
1973-78.........................
1973-74.........................
1974-75.........................
1975-76.........................
1976-77.........................
1977-78 2......................
32.5
6.9
7.8
5.9
4.5
3.9
28.4
6.6
8.2
4.6
4.2
2.4
37.7
8.6
5.2
10.2
4.3
5.2
40.3
5.6
9.2
6.5
5.3
7.0
36.6
7.1
7.7
6.1
5.7
6.0
24.1
6.0
7.4
3.7
3.3
1.7
40.0
8.7
7.4
6.5
5.8
6.1
42.1
7.0
8.8
9.8
5.4
6.0
41.1
7.4
8.9
7.4
6.3
6.0
31.1
7.2
8.4
5.6
4.6
4.2
25.8
6.6
8.1
4.2
4.0
2.3
38.8
7.3
7.0
9.7
5.9
7.3
39.8
9.7
9.9
5.5
4.9
6.9
38.1
7.3
9.4
6.8
5.7
6.2
22.4
6.5
7.4
3.5
3.4
1.4
41.7
9.4
9.9
6.7
6.0
7.3
40.5
6.5
9.0
9.6
5.4
7.0
38.9
7.7
9.3
6.2
6.5
6.5
MAXIMUM
1973-78.........................
1973-74.........................
1974-75.........................
1975-76.........................
1976-77.........................
1977-78 2......................
1 Regions comprise the following States: N o rth e a st— Connecti
cut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New
York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, and Vermont; S o u th — Alabama,
Arkansas, Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Ken
tucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, North Carolina, Oklahoma,
South Carolina, Tennessee, Texas, Virginia, and West Virginia;
N o rth C e n tra l— Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kansas, Michigan, Minneso
ta, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, South Dakota, and
Wisconsin; W e st— Alaska, Arizona, California, Colorado, Hawaii,
302
Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Utah, Washington,
and Wyoming. However, not every State is represented.
3 Data for 1978 are preliminary.
N o t e : T o limit the influence of extraneous factors in computing
percentage change in average minimum or maximum salaries be
tween each pair of years (for example, 1977-78 or 1973-78), the
average is obtained for each of the two periods using constant
weights (employment in the last of each pair of years).
Table 128. General wage changes In major collective bargaining units,1 1954-79
Year
Median
adjustment
Cents
Per
cent
Median
adjustment
Median
increase
Cents
Nonmanufacturing
Manufacturing
Private nonfarm industries
Per
cent
Cents
Per
cent
Median
adjustment
Median
increase
Cents
Per
cent
Cents
Per
cent
Median
increase
Cents
Per
cent
First-year changes in contracts negotiated during year
(8 )
1954................................................
1955................................................
1956................................................
1957................................................
1958................................................
1959................................................
5.6
10.1
10.7
10.1
8.6
8.8
2 3.1
2 5.4
2 5.4
2 4.9
3.9
3.9
5.7
10.3
10.7
10.4
8.8
8.8
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
3.9
5.6
9.4
10.7
9.9
7.1
7.3
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
3.5
5.7
9.5
10.7
10.4
7.2
7.4
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
3.7
5.6
13.3
10.5
10.4
9.7
8.8
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
4.0
5.6
13.9
10.6
10.4
9.8
8.9
4.0
1960................................................
1961...............................................
1962...............................................
1963...............................................
1964...............................................
8.5
6.9
7.0
7.4
8.4
3.2
2.8
2.9
3.0
3.2
8.7
7.0
8.0
8.5
9.0
3.2
2.9
3.6
3.4
3.2
8.7
6.0
5.0
6.8
5.7
3.2
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.0
8.9
6.5
6.8
8.0
6.0
3.2
2.5
2.9
3.0
2.2
7.4
9.0
10.2
8.5
10.0
3.3
3.6
4.0
3.4
3.6
7.5
10.0
10.2
9.5
10.0
3.3
* 3.6
4.1
3.5
3.6
1965...............................................
1 9 6 6 4.............................................
1967...............................................
1968................................................
1969...............................................
10.0
12.7
16.0
23.5
25.0
3.8
4.8
5.6
7.2
8.0
10.0
12.8
16.1
23.5
25.0
3.9
4.8
5.7
7.2
8.0
10.0
10.2
17.5
23.5
21.4
4.0
4.2
6.4
6.9
7.0
10.0
10.3
18.0
23.5
21.5
4.1
4.2
6.4
6.9
7.0
11.0
14.5
15.0
23.6
36.8
3.7
5.0
5.0
7.5
10.0
11.0
14.6
15.0
23.6
36.8
3.7
5.0
5.0
7.5
10.0
1970...............................................
1971...............................................
1972...............................................
1973...............................................
1974...............................................
32.9
44.1
28.0
26.4
45.0
10.0
12.2
6.3
5.5
9.0
32.9
44.1
28.0
26.4
45.0
10.0
12.5
6.6
5.5
9.0
26.3
38.4
23.3
26.4
40.0
7.5
10.0
6.2
5.6
7.7
26.3
39.0
24.0
26.4
40.0
7.5
10.1
6.2
5.6
7.7
56.0
44.1
31.6
30.0
51.3
14.2
12.8
6.6
5.5
9.2
56.0
44.1
32.3
30.0
52.0
14.2
13.0
6.6
5.5
9.3
1975................................................
1976................................................
1977................................................
1978............................................... .
1979................................................
61.7
45.6
50.0
50.5
50.0
10.0
8.5
8.0
7.3
7.7
65.0
49.0
50.0
52.0
50.0
10.0
8.7
8.0
7.5
7.9
42.0
40.0
57.9
46.0
45.7
9.0
8.8
8.5
8.1
7.0
45.0
40.0
60.0
46.0
45.7
9.2
8.8
8.6
8.2
7.0
70.0
60.0
49.5
53.3
80.0
10.0
8.2
8.0
7.0
8.5
70.0
65.0
49.5
54.0
83.0
10.2
8.6
8.0
7.0
8.7
(3)
(3)
(3)
(8 )
Annual rate of change over life of contracts negotiated during year
<
3)
(3)
( 3)
(3)
( 3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(8 )
(3)
2.5
3.0
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
1965................................................
1966 4 ..............................................
1967............................................... ^
1968................................................
1969................................................
(3)
(3)
14.7
17.2
21.2
(3)
3.9
5.0
5.2
6.8
(3)
(3)
14.7
17.2
21.2
3.3
3.9
5.0
5.2
6.8
(3)
(3)
14.5
17.0
15.8
(3)
3.8
5.1
4.9
5.8
(3)
(3)
14.5
17.0
15.8
(3)
3.8
5.1
4.9
5.8
(3)
(3)
14.7
20.1
32.6
(3)
3.9
5.0
5.9
8.5
(3)
(3)
14.7
20.1
32.6
(3)
3.9
5.0
5.9
8.5
1970................................................
1971................................................
1972............................................... ,
1973................................................
1974................................................
31.4
31.7
25.4
23.3
33.6
8.1
8.0
6.0
5.2
6.6
31.4
31.9
25.6
23.3
33.6
8.1
8.0
6.0
5.2
6.6
19.0
27.6
21.0
20.6
27.9
5.8
7.4
5.6
5.0
5.3
19.0
28.0
21.1
20.6
27.9
5.8
7.5
5.6
5.0
5.3
47.3
38.8
30.7
31.4
41.7
12.1
8.4
6.6
5.5
7.7
47.3
38.9
31.6
31.7
41.8
12.1
8.5
6.7
5.5
7.7
1975................................................
1976................................................
1977................................................
1978................................................
1979............................................... j
47.2
38.6
33.0
47.7
43.7
7.4
7.0
5.0
6.8
5.1
49.1
39.3
33.0
48.3
43.7
7.4
7.1
5.0
6.9
5.1
33.6
29.3
32.9
37.2
33.6
7.4
6.0
4.5
6.8
4.0
34.5
29.3
32.9
37.3
33.6
7.5
6.1
4.5
6.8
4.0
52.2
55.0
41.5
50.2
51.0
7.4
7.1
5.5
6.7
6.2
52.2
55.0
42.5
51.2
51.0
7.4
7.1
5.5
7.0
6.2
1963................................................
1964................................................
(3)
Changes effective in year
1956................................................
1957................................................
1958................................................
1959................................................
1960................................................
1961................................................
1962................................................
1963................................................
1964................................................
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
( 3)
( 3)
3.5
10.8
12.7
12.6
8.8
3.6
8.4
3.5
9.1
3.7
7.0
3.1
7.6
3.4
3.3
2.7
2.8
2.9
2.7
9.4
8.0
9.0
9.4
8.5
3.6
3.1
3.4
3.4
3.2
9.0
6.9
6.5
7.5
5.5
3.3
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.0
9.4
8.0
8.0
9.0
7.0
3.7
3.0
3.0
3.2
2.6
7.0
5.7
10.0
7.4
9.2
3.2
2.6
3.5
3.2
3.5
8.5
9.0
10.2
10.0
10.0
3.7
3.6
3.8
3.7
3.6
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
12.5
7.8
8.5
6.2
7.3
7.5
7.1
(3)
(3)
(3)
( 3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
11.5
( 3)
( 3)
(3)
14.0
(3)
See footnotes at end of table.
303
Table 128. General wage changes in major collective bargaining units,1 1954-79'
Continued
Private nonfarm industries
Year
Median
adjustment
Cents
Per
cent
Manufacturing
Median
increase
Cents
Median
adjustment
Per
cent
Cents
Per
cent
Nonmanufacturing
Median
increase
Cents
Median
adjustment
Per
cent
Cents
Per
cent
Median
increase
Cents
Per
cent
Changes effective iin year— iContinued
1965................................................
1966 4.............................................
1967................................................
1968................................................
1969................................................
9.2
10.0
12.9
19.0
19.0
3.4
3.6
4.4
5.5
5.1
10.0
12.4
15.0
19.2
19.1
3.5
4.0
4.8
5.7
5.1
10.0
9.9
12.0
18.2
17.5
3.4
3.3
4.0
5.2
5.0
10.0
12.0
12.0
19.0
18.0
3.7
4.2
4.4
5.4
5.0
9.0
11.6
14.9
20.0
20.0
3.4
3.8
4.8
6.0
5.2
9-<
?
12.7
18.0
21.8
20.0
3.4
3.9
5.2
6.5
5.6
1970................................................
1971................................................
1972................................................
1973................................................
1974................................................
25.4
31.3
25.6
34.3
43.3
7.3
8.0
6.0
7.3
9.5
27.5
37.8
26.0
35.5
45.0
7.8
9.2
6.4
7.4
9.6
20.0
25.3
23.0
30.0
46.0
6.0
6.3
5.2
7.3
11.1
20.6
27.1
23.0
30.2
46.8
6.0
6.6
5.4
7.4
11.3
37.5
44.1
30.4
36.2
42.5
8.3
10.7
7.2
7.2
8.0
42.5
45.1
40.1
36.2
42.5
9.7
12.1
7.6
7.5
8.2
1975................................................
1976................................................
1977................................................
1978................................................
1979................................................
53.7
48.6
54.0
60.0
76.0
8.6
8.1
8.0
8.5
9.0
53.7
50.0
54.7
60.0
77.5
8.6
8.2
8.0
8.5
9.2
53.3
50.0
53.0
60.0
74.0
8.6
8.2
8.1
8.9
10.5
53.7
50.0
53.0
60.0
76.0
8.6
8.4
8.1
8.9
10.6
55.2
48.6
54.2
60.0
77.6
8.6
8.0
8.0
8.4
8.2
55.2
49.0
55.0
60.0
79.1
8.8
8.1
8.0
8.5
8.2
and the service industries.
Note : Adjustments include no wage changes, decreases in
wages, and increases in wages; increases include only those situ
ations where wages were raised.
1 Defined as those covering 1,000 workers or more.
2 Estimated.
3 Not available.
4 In 1966, data were expanded to include additional nonmanu
facturing industries— construction; finance, insurance, real estate;
304
Table 129. Percent changes in wages and benefits in collective bargaining settlements
covering 5,000 workers or more, 1965-79
Private nonfarm
industries
Year
Mean
adjust
ment
Nonmanufacturing
Manufacturing
Median
adjust
ment
Mean
adjust
ment
Median
adjust
ment
Mean
adjust
ment
Median
adjust
ment
FIR§T-YEAR CHANGES IN CONTRACTS NEGOTIATED
DURING YEAR
1 9 6 6 .............................................................................................. ..
1 9 6 7 ................................................................................................
1 9 6 8 ................................................................................................
1 9 6 9 ................................................................................................
6.1
7.4
8.7
10.9
5.8
7.3
8.1
10.9
5.6
8.4
8.7
9.6
5.6
9.0
8.1
8.8
6.9
6.5
8.6
12.3
6.0
4.9
8.2
11.8
1 9 7 0 ................................................................................................
1 9 7 1 ................................................................................................
1 9 7 2 ................................................................................................
1 9 7 3 ................................................................................................
1 9 7 4 ................................................................................................
13.1
13.1
8.5
7.1
10.7
12.0
13.9
7.9
6.8
10.5
9.9
11.7
8.5
7.0
8.8
8.8
13.5
8.2
5.9
7.0
15.9
14.1
8.5
7.1
11.6
14.0
16.0
7.9
7.0
10.5
1 9 7 5 ...............................................................................................1
1 9 7 6 .............................................................................................. j
1 9 7 7 ...............................................................................................J
1 9 7 8 ...............................................................................................
1 9 7 9 ...............................................................................................
11.4
8.5
9.6
8.3
9.0
11.4
8.7
9.8
7.4
8.8
10.4
8.7
9.9
8.5
9.2
11.3
8.0
9.8
8.2
8.1
11.6
8.3
9.4
8.3
8.7
11.9
9.1
11.0
7.1
10.5
1965 1..............................................................................................
1 9 6 6 ...............................................................................................
1 9 6 7 ...............................................................................................
1 9 6 8 ...............................................................................................
1 9 6 9 ...............................................................................................
(2)
4.1
5.1
6.5
8.2
3.3
4.0
5.2
6.0
7.4
(2)
4.1
5.1
5.9
6.6
(2)
3.8
5.2
5.9
6.6
(2)
4.2
5.2
7.1
9.7
(2)
4.1
4.8
6.5
9.6
1 9 7 0 ...............................................................................................
1971 ...............................................................................................
1 9 7 2 ...............................................................................................
1 9 7 3 ...............................................................................................
1 9 7 4 ...............................................................................................
9.1
8.8
7.4
6.1
7.8
8.4
9.0
6.9
5.5
6.5
6.2
7.7
6.3
6.0
6.7
5.5
8.8
6.2
5.5
6.2
11.5
9.5
7.9
6.2
8.3
11.7
9.0
7.9
6.1
7.2
1 9 7 5 ...............................................................................................
1 9 7 6 ...............................................................................................
1 9 7 7 ...............................................................................................
1 9 7 8 ...............................................................................................
1 9 7 9 ...............................................................................................
8.1
6.6
6.2
6.3
6.6
7.8
7.1
5.8
6.5
6.2
9.2
6.1
5.8
6.6
6.5
11.3
5.0
5.1
6.5
5.8
7.8
7.2
6.5
6.3
6.8
7.8
7.7
5.8
6.5
6.4
1 9 6 8 ...............................................................................................
1 9 6 9 ...............................................................................................
6.8
6.5
6.4
5.7
6.3
5.7
6.3
5.0
7.1
7.4
7.1
6.2
1 9 7 0 ...............................................................................................
1 9 7 1 ...............................................................................................
1 9 7 2 ...............................................................................................
1 9 7 3 ...............................................................................................
1 9 7 4 ...............................................................................................
9.0
9.8
7.6
7.9
10.4
8.7
8.5
6.7
7.8
10.5
7.7
8.2
6.2
8.0
12.1
6.3
8.5
5.7
7.8
13.2
10.1
11.1
8.7
7.9
9.2
10.6
11.6
8.0
8.5
8.1
1 9 7 5 ................................................................................................
1 9 7 6 ................................................................................................
1 9 7 7 ................................................................................................
1 9 7 8 ................................................................................................
1 9 7 9 ................................................................................................
9.4
8.2
8.5
8.6
9.9
8.4
7.9
7.8
8.9
10.3
9.0
8.9
8.5
8.8
10.5
8.0
7.5
7.7
9.6
11.6
9.3
7.8
8.4
8.4
9.4
9.4
7.9
8.3
8.8
8.6
ANNUAL RATE OF CHANGE OVER LIFE OF CONTRACTS
NEGOTIATED DURING YEAR
CHANGES EFFECTIVE IN YEAR
1 Coverage limited to settlements for 10,000 workers or more in
1965.
2 Not available.
305
Table 130. Production workers in manufacturing affected by wage decisions, and median
changes, 1959-78
Item
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
All workers in establishments making decisions (in
thousands)........................................................... .
6,678
7,355
6,662
6,685
6,597
6,389
6,745
5,889
6,748
7,292
Percent of workers receiving increases:
All manufacturing................................................
All union.......................................................
Major union...........................................
Nonunion......................................................
84.0
93.7
95.1
66.5
79.6
93.1
93.0
56.8
76.0
89.5
89.5
52.8
66.8
74.4
65.4
53.2
74.0
77.3
70.7
69.2
76.0
89.3
94.9
55.5
86.1
92.5
94.2
75.3
87.9
96.1
99.3
77.8
90.1
98.4
99.3
80.8
94.0
99.3
99.8
87.0
3.5
*3.4
3.5
3.1
l 3. 4
2.4
2.5
2.4
1.6
2.6
2.6
2.5
2.8
2.2
2.3
2.0
2.0
3.3
3.4
4.0
3.2
4.0
4.0
4.2
3.7
5.0
5.5
6.4
4.4
5.7
6.4
6.9
5.0
PE R C E N T
Median adjustments:
All manufacturing................................................
All union.......................................................
Major union...........................................
Nonunion......................................................
Median increases:
All manufacturing................................................
All union.......................................................
Major union...........................................
Nonunion......................................................
l 3. 2
3.2
1 2.2
2.4
2.5
2.4
1.2
3.8
x 3.7
3.7
1 4.4
3.4
1 3.5
3.2
1 3.8
2.8
2.5
2.5
3.4
2.9
2.9
2.9
3.2
3.0
2.9
3.0
3.6
2.7
2.5
2.2
3.2
3.7
3.6
4.1
4.0
4.2
4.1
4.2
4.4
5.3
5.5
6.4
5.0
6.0
6.5
6.9
5.0
1 7.5
1 8.0
7.3
1 5.9
1 7.2
1 8.1
8.7
1 4.8
5.0
6.0
6.0
1.9
5.0
5.6
5.0
3.6
6.2
6.5
6.8
6.2
5.0
6.0
5.7
4.5
8.0
9.0
10.0
6.3
9.7
10.0
10.2
8.0
11.7
15.4
17.5
10.0
15.0
20.0
23.5
11.6
1 8.0
1 8.2
7.4
1 7.8
1 7.9
1 8.3
8.9
1 7.1
6.5
6.5
6.5
7.0
6.6
6.8
6.8
6.5
7.4
7.5
8.0
7.3
6.6
6.2
6.0
7.1
8.8
9.5
10.0
8.0
10.0
10.0
10.3
9.3
12.4
15.4
18.0
10.6
15.5
20.0
23.5
12.3
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
All workers in establishments making decisions (in
thousands)...............................................................
6,193
6,664
6,190
6,038
8,223
8,392
5,812
7,062
7,504
6,810
Percent of workers receiving increases:
All manufacturing.................................................
All union.......................................................j
Major union...........................................
Nonunion.......................................................
87.4
98.9
99.8
75.8
88.6
98.1
99.8
76.7
85.9
98.3
98.8
69.6
89.9
97.8
98.3
82.9
94.9
98.7
99.2
89.8
93.7
98.3
99.2
87.4
89.2
98.6
97.3
82.3
92.9
99.2
99.6
86.4
90.3
96.9
97.2
84.6
92.3
97.2
99.4
89.6
6.0
6.9
7.0
5.1
6.3
7.3
7.5
5.0
6.3
8.2
10.0
4.7
5.1
5.5
6.2
5.0
5.6
5.7
5.6
5.5
7.7
7.5
7.7
8.0
7.0
8.6
9.0
6.0
7.0
8.3
8.8
6.5
7.4
8.3
8.5
6.5
7.5
8.0
8.1
7.1
6.2
6.9
7.0
6.0
6.5
7.4
7.5
5.8
6.9
8.4
10.1
5.5
5.5
5.5
6.2
5.1
5.9
5.8
5.6
6.0
8.0
7.6
7.7
8.6
7.1
8.6
9.2
6.9
7.4
8.3
8.8
7.0
7.8
8.3
8.6
7.6
7.6
8.0
8.2
7.5
15.0
19.6
21.4
12.5
20.0
25.0
26.3
12.1
20.0
29.1
38.4
12.0
15.7
19.3
23.3
13.8
22.0
25.0
26.4
18.0
30.0
34.0
40.0
25.5
25.0
37.0
42.0
21.4
31.2
39.0
40.0
23.7
32.9
46.9
57.9
25.0
34.0
40.6
46.0
31.4
16.9
20.0
21.5
14.0
21.6
25.4
26.3
14.2
23.5
29.8
39.0
15.0
16.7
19.8
24.0
15.0
23.0
25.0
26.4
19.8
30.4
35.0
40.0
27.3
28.0
37.3
45.0
23.9
34.5
39.0
40.0
25.0
35.0
49.0
60.0
27.1
35.0
42.1
46.0
32.9
C E N T S PER HOUR
Median Adjustments:
All manufacturing................................................
All union.......................................................
Major union...........................................
Nonunion......................................................
Median increases:
All manufacturing................................................
All union........................................................
Major union...........................................
Nonunion.......................................................
P ER C EN T
Median adjustments:
All manufacturing.................................................
All union.......................................................
Major union...........................................
Nonunion......................................................
Median increases:
All manufacturing.................................................
All union.......................................................
Major union.......................................... .
Nonunion.......................................................
C E N T S PER HOUR
Median adjustments:
All manufacturing.................................................
All union.......................................................
Major union...........................................
Nonunion.......................................................
Median increases:
All manufacturing............ ....................................
All union.......................................................
Major union...........................................
Nonunion......................................................
1 Estimated.
N o t e : Adjustments include no wage changes, decreases in
,
wages, and increases in wages; increases include only those situations where wages were raised.
306
Table 131. Production workers in manufacturing establishments where wage changes
were effective, and median changes, 1959-78
Item
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
All workers (in thousands)......................
10,504
11,355
10,512
10,902
10,941
10,944
11,422
12,016
12,493
13,028
Percent in establishments where gen
eral changes were effective:
All manufacturing............................
All union...................................
Major union.......................
Nonunion.................................
82.7
87.0
87.6
68.6
80.1
87.1
86.2
59.0
76.1
83.3
83.0
54.0
68.1
72.8
68.2
52.9
75.8
77.8
74.4
69.6
71.4
76.1
71.6
56.2
84.6
87.3
89.8
75.4
80.2
80.9
75.5
77.8
88.1
90.6
84.5
81.1
92.2
93.7
94.0
87.6
3.5
1 3.4
3.5
*3.3
3.2
1 3.4
3.2
*2.5
2.5
2.7
2.7
1.0
2.5
2.6
2.6
1.6
2.7
2.6
2.7
2.8
2.1
2.2
2.0
2.0
3.0
2.9
3.4
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.3
3.9
4.0
4.0
4.0
4.6
5.0
5.0
5.2
5.0
3.8
1 3.6
3.7
1 4.3
3.6
1 3.6
3.7
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.3
3.0
3.0
3.0
3.2
3.1
3.0
3.2
3.7
2.7
2.6
2.6
3.2
3.3
3.2
3.7
4.0
3.9
3.8
4.2
4.5
4.3
3.9
4.4
4.8
5.1
5.1
5.4
5.0
l 5.0
6.0
5.8
6.9
2.0
5.4
6.0
6.5
3.0
6.5
7.0
7.5
6.0
5.5
5.5
5.5
4.6
7.5
8.0
10.0
6.3
8.5
8.7
9.9
8.0
10.0
10.0
12.0
10.0
13.7
14.7
18.2
11.7
1 8.6
*8.9
9.4
*7.2
7.0
7.0
8.0
7.0
7.1
7.5
8.0
6.6
7.8
7.9
9.0
7.5
7.0
6.9
7.0
7.0
8.4
8.7
10.0
8.0
10.0
10.0
12.0
9.6
10.6
10.8
12.0
10.3
14.6
15.0
19.0
12.3
PE R C E N T
Median adjustments:
All manufacturing............................
All union...................................
Major union.......................
Nonunion.................................
Median increases:
All manufacturing............................
All union...................................
Major union.......................
Nonunion.................................
l 3. B
C E N T S PER HOUR
Median adjustments:
All manufacturing............................
All union...................................
Major union.......................
N onunion.................................
Median increases:
All manufacturing............................
All union....................................
Major union........................
Nonunion..................................
1 7.5
*7.9
8.4
*6.1
*8.4
9.1
*7.5
'7.6
*8.4
9.0
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
All workers (in thousands)......................
13,035
12,607
11,808
12,992
13,827
13,836
11,788
11,867
12,535
13,012
Percent in establishments where gen
eral changes were effective:
All manufacturing.............................
All union....................................
Major union........................
Nonunion..................................
88.9
93.2
94.0
75.5
90.7
94.8
94.8
77.6
87.0
92.0
91.5
70.2
90.5
92.9
92.8
83.2
94.4
95.9
97.5
90.1
95.6
97.8
98.2
89.1
93.7
97.3
98.2
84.7
94.4
96.9
97.9
88.4
92.5
96.1
97.9
84.8
94.1
96.6
98.7
89.3
5.0
5.0
5.0
5.1
5.6
5.7
6.0
5.1
6.0
6.1
6.3
4.7
5.2
5.2
5.2
5.0
6.0
6.2
7.3
5.6
8.0
8.0
11.1
8.0
7.5
8.2
8.6
6.3
7.4
7.7
8.2
6.5
7.5
8.0
8.1
6.5
7.9
8.3
8.9
7.2
5.1
5.0
5.0
6.0
5.9
5.9
6.0
5.9
6.1
6.2
6.6
5.5
5.3
5.4
5.4
5.2
6.2
6.3
7.4
6.0
8.4
8.1
11.3
8.7
7.9
8.4
8.6
6.9
7.5
7.8
8.4
7.0
7.9
8.0
8.1
7.1
8.0
8.3
8.9
7.5
15.0
15.0
17.5
12.6
16.5
18.0
20.0
12.4
20.0
22.5
25.3
12.0
18.6
20.0
23.0
13.8
22.6
25.0
30.0
18.3
30.0
32.4
46.0
25.8
31.0
39.0
53.3
22.3
36.0
42.0
50.0
24.0
35.0
43.4
53.0
25.0
40.5
49.0
60.0
31.5
15.3
16.0
18.0
14.3
17.8
19.0
20.6
14.3
22.0
23.3
27.1
15.0
20.0
20.8
23.0
15.0
23.7
25.0
30.2
19.9
30.5
33.0
46.8
27.5
33.0
40.0
53.7
24.0
37.8
43.8
50.0
25.0
37.6
45.0
53.0
28.0
43.0
50.0
60.0
33.4
PE R C E N T
Median adjustments:
All manufacturing.............................
All union................................... j
Major union....................... J
Nonunion..................................
Median increases:
All manufacturing.............................
All union....................... ............
Major union........................
N onunion.......................... ........
C E N T S PER HOUR
Median adjustments:
All manufacturing............................
All union................................... .
Major union....................... .
Nonunion...................................
Median increases:
All manufacturing............................
All union...................................
Major union.......................
Nonunion.................................
1 Estimated.
t e : Adjustments include
no wage changes, decreases in
No
wages, and increases in wages; increases include only those situations where wages were raised.
Table 132. Employee compensation, private nonagricultural economy, selected years, 1966-77
All industries
Type of worker, year, and compensation practice
Percent
of
compen
sation
All hours
Nonmanufacturing
Manufacturing
Dollars per hour
Work
hours
Percent
of
compen
sation
Dollars per hour
All hours
Work
hours
Percent
of
compen
sation
Dollars per hour
All hours
Work
hours
A L L W O R K ER S— 1966
Total com pensation........................................
100.0
$3.24
$3.44
100.0
$3.51
$3.76
100.0
$3.06
$3.23
Pay for working tim e ....................................................
Straight-time p a y ...................................................
Premium pay..........................................................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk ..........
Shift differentials.............................................
83.0
80.6
2.4
2.1
.3
2.69
2.61
.08
.07
.01
2.85
2.77
.08
.07
.01
81.6
78.1
3.5
2.9
.6
2.86
2.74
.12
.10
.02
3.07
2.94
.13
.11
.02
84.0
82.4
1.6
1.5
.1
2.57
2.52
.05
.05
(M
2.71
2.66
.05
.05
(M
Pay for leave time (except sick leave).........................
V acatio ns..............................................................
Holidays.................................................................
Civic and personal leave.......................................
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds..................................................................
5.2
3.1
1.9
.1
.17
.10
.06
( 1)
.18
.11
.07
(M
5.8
3.5
2.2
.1
.20
.12
.08
(M
.21
.13
.08
<M
4.7
2.7
1.7
.1
.14
.08
.05
( 1)
.15
.09
.05
( x)
2
.01
.01
.1
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1/
\ V
Employer expenditures for retirement program s.........
Social security.......................................................
Private pension p lans............................................
5.6
3.1
2.5
.18
.10
.08
.20
.11
.09
5.9
3.0
2.9
.21
.11
.10
.22
.11
.11
3.2
2.3
.17
.10
.07
.17
.10
.07
Employer expenditures for health benefit programs2 ...
Life, accident, and health insu rance....................
Sick le a v e .............................................................
Worker’s com pensation........................................
3.5
2.1
.5
.9
.12
.07
.02
.03
.12
.07
.02
.03
3.8
2.6
.5
.7
.13
.09
.02
.02
.15
.10
.02
.03
3.4
1.8
.6
1.0
.10
.05
.02
.03
.11
.06
.02
.03
.04
.04
1.2
1.1
.1
.04
.04
.04
.04
(M
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs...................................................................
Unemployment insurance.....................................
Severance p a y .......................................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unemployment benefit funds.......................................
1.1
1.1
(l )
.04
.04
( 1)
.04
.04
(M
1.2
1.1
(M
(M
.04
.04
( x)
( 1)
( 1)
(M
(M
(M
(M
Nonproduction bonuses................................................
Savings and thrift p la n s................................................
1.2
.1
.04
( 1)
.04
( 1)
1.3
.2
.05
.01
.05
.01
1.2
.1
(M
.04
f 1)
.04
( 1/
v )
Wages and salaries (gross payroll)3 .............................
Supplements to wages and salaries4 ...........................
89.9
10.1
2.91
.33
3.09
.35
89.2
10.8
3.13
.38
3.35
.41
90.4
9.6
2.77
.30
2.92
.31
Total com pensation........................................
Pay for working tim e .....................................................
Straight-time p ay ....................................................
Premium pay...........................................................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk ...........
Shift differentials..............................................
100.0
81.7
80.9
.8
.7
.1
4.17
3.41
3.38
.03
.03
( 1)
4.51
3.69
3.65
.04
.03
(M
100.0
80.2
79.0
1.2
1.1
.1
4.84
3.88
3.82
.06
.05
.01
5.28
4.23
4.17
.06
.06
.01
100.0
82.7
82.1
.6
.5
.1
3.85
3.18
3.16
.02
.02
(M
4.15
3.43
3.41
.02
.02
(M
Pay for leave time (except sick leave)......................... i
V acatio ns...............................................................
Holidays..................................................................
Civic and personal leave........................................
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds...................................................................
6.1
3.6
2.3
.2
.25
.15
.09
.01
.27
.16
.10
.01
6.5
3.9
2.4
.2
.32
.19
.12
.01
.35
.21
.13
.01
5.8
3.4
2.2
.2
.22
.13
.08
.01
.24
.14
.09
.01
( 1)
( x)
(M
(M
(M
(M
(M
(M
( x)
Employer expenditures for retirement program s..........
Social security........................................................
Private pension p lan s.............................................
5.9
2.7
3.2
.24
.11
.13
.26
.12
.14
6.3
2.5
3.8
.30
.12
.18
.33
.13
.20
5.6
2.8
2.8
.22
.11
.11
.24
.12
.12
Employer expenditures for health benefit programs2 ....
Life, accident, and health insu rance.....................
Sick le a v e ..............................................................
Worker’s com pensation.........................................
3.0
1.9
.8
.3
.13
.08
.04
.01
.13
.08
.04
.01
3.4
2.2
.9
.3
.16
.11
.04
.01
.18
.12
.05
.01
2.8
1.7
.8
.3
.10
.06
.03
.01
.11
.07
.03
.01
.9
.8
.1
.03
.03
(M
.04
.04
(M
.9
.8
.1
.04
.04
( 1)
.04
.04
(M
.9
.8
.1
.03
.03
(M
.03
.03
(M
(M
(M
(M
(M
O FFICE W O R K ER S— 1966
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs....................................................................
Unemployment insurance..................................... j
Severance p a y .......................................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unem
ployment benefit funds...................................... j
( 1)
(M
( 1)
(M
( 1)
Nonproduction bonuses................................................
Savings and thrift p la n s................................................
2.3
.2
.09
.01
.10
.01
2.4
.4
.12
.02
W ages and salaries (gross payroll)3 .............................
Supplements to wages and salaries4 ...........................
90.9
9.1
3.79
.38
4.10
.41
90.1
9.9
4.36
.48
See footnotes at end of table.
308
(M
(M
D
.13
.02
2.2
.1
.08
(M
.09
(M
4.75
.52 I
91.4
8.6
3.52
.33
3.79
.36
Table 132. Employee compensation, private nonagricultural economy, selected years, 1966-77—
Continued
Type of worker, year, and compensation practice
Percent
of
compen
sation
Dollars per hour
Work
hours
All hours
Nonmanufacturing
Manufacturing
All industries
Percent
of
compen
sation
Dollars per hour
All hours
Work
hours
Percent
of
compen
sation
Dollars per hour
All hours
Work
hours
NONOFFICE W O R K ER S— 19665
Total com pensation.......................................
100.0
$2.82
$2.98
100.0
$3.09
$3.30
100.0
$2.63
$2.75
Pay for working tim e ....................................................
Straight-time p ay...................................................
Premium pay..........................................................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk ..........
Shift differentials.............................................
83.8
80.4
3.4
3.0
.5
2.38
2.27
.10
.08
.01
2.50
2.40
.10
.09
.01
82.4
77.7
4.7
3.9
.8
2.55
2.40
.15
.12
.02
2.72
2.56
.16
.13
.03
85.0
82.6
2.4
2.2
.2
2.23
2.17
.06
.06
( 1)
2.34
2.27
.07
.06
.01
Pay for leave time (except sick leave).........................
V acatio n s..............................................................
Holidays.................................................................
Civic and personal leave.......................................
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds..................................................................
4.6
2.7
1.6
.1
.14
.08
.05
( 1)
.14
.08
.05
( 1)
5.6
3.4
2.0
.1
.17
.11
.06
( 1)
.18
.11
.07
( 1)
3.9
2.2
1.3
.1
.11
.06
.04
( 1)
.11
.06
.04
( 1)
.2
.01
.01
.1
( 1)
( 1)
.3
.01
.01
Employer expenditures for retirement program s.........
Social security.......................................................
Private pension p lans............................................
5.6
3.4
2.1
.16
.10
.06
.16
.10
.06
5.8
3.3
2.5
.18
.10
.08
.19
.11
.08
5.3
3.5
1.8
.14
.09
.05
.15
.10
.05
Employer expenditures for health benefit program s2 ..
Life, accident, and health insurance.....................
Sick le a v e .............................................................
Worker’s com pensation.........................................
3.9
2.3
.3
1.3
.11
.06
.01
.04
.12
.07
.01
.04
4.0
2.8
.2
1.0
.13
.09
.01
.03
.13
.09
.01
.03
3.7
1.8
.4
1.5
.10
.05
.01
.04
.10
.05
.01
.04
1.5
1.4
( 1)
.04
.04
( 1)
.04
.04
( 1)
1.5
1.3
( 1)
.04
.04
( 1)
.05
.04
( 1)
1.4
1.4
( 1)
.04
.04
( 1)
.04
.04
( 1)
.1
( 1)
( 1)
.2
( 1)
.01
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
Nonproduction bonuses................................................
Savings and thrift p la n s................................................
.6
.1
.02
( 1)
.02
( 1)
.6
.1
.02
( 1)
.02
( 1)
.5
( 1)
.01
( 1)
.01
( 1)
Wages and salaries (gross payroll)3.............................
Supplements to wages and sa laries4..........................
89.2
10.8
2.48
.30
2.66
.32
88.8
11.2
2.74
.35
2.93
.37
89.6
10.4
2.36
.27
2.46
.29
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs...................................................................
Unemployment insurance.....................................
Severance p a y .......................................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unem
ployment benefit funds.......................................
A L L W O R K ER S— 1968
100.0
3.65
3.89
100.0
3.91
4.21
100.0
3.50
3.70
Pay for working tim e .....................................................
Straight-time p ay ....................................................
Premium pay....................................... ...................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk .......... .
Shift differentials.............................................
82.8
80.4
2.4
2.1
.3
3.02
2.94
.09
.08
.01
3.22
3.13
.09
.08
.01
81.1
77.7
3.4
2.8
.6
3.17
3.03
.13
.11
.03
3.41
3.27
.14
.12
.03
83.9
82.2
1.7
1.6
.1
2.94
2.88
.06
.06
( 1)
3.11
3.04
.06
.06
( 1)
Pay for leave time (except sick leave).........................
V acatio ns...............................................................
Holidays..................................................................
Civic and personal leave........................................
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds...................................................................
5.3
3.1
2.0
.1
.20
.12
.07
.01
.21
.12
.08
.01
6.2
3.7
2.3
.2
.24
.15
.09
.01
.26
.16
.10
.01
4.7
2.7
1.7
.1
.17
.10
.06
.01
.18
.10
.06
.01
.1
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
.1
( 1)
( 1)
Employer expenditures for retirement program s..........
Social security........................................................
Private pension p lans............................................
6.0
3.3
2.7
.22
.12
.10
.24
.13
.11
6.3
3.3
3.0
.25
.13
.12
.27
.14
.13
5.9
3.4
2.5
.21
.12
.09
.22
.13
.09
Employer expenditures for health benefit program s2 ...
Life, accident, and health insurance......................
Sick le a v e ............................ .................................
Worker’s com pensation........................................ ,
3.7
2.2
.6
.9
.13
.08
.02
.03
.15
.09
.03
.03
4.2
2.9
.6
.8
.17
.11
.02
.03
.18
.12
.02
.03
3.4
1.7
.7
.9
.12
.06
.02
.03
.13
.07
.03
.03
.9
.8
.1
.03
.03
( 1)
.04
.03
(M
.9
.8
.1
.04
.03
( 1)
.04
.03
( 1)
.9
.8
.1
.03
.03
( 1)
.03
.03
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
l 1)
.1
( 1)
'.01
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
Nonproduction bonuses.................................................
Savings and thrift p la n s................................................
1.0
.2
.04
.01
.04
.01
.9
.2
.04
.01
.04
.01
1.1
.1
.04
( 1)
.04
( 1)
W ages and salaries (gross payroll)3............................1
Supplements to wages and sa laries4...........................
89.7
10.3
3.28
.38
3.49
.40
88.8
11.2
3.47
.44
3.74
.47
90.3
9.7
3.16
.34
3.35
.36
Total com pensation.......................................
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs................................................................... .
Unemployment insurance......................................
Severance p a y .......................................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unem
ployment benefit funds.......................................
See footnotes at end of table.
309
Table 132. Employee compensation, private nonagricultural economy, selected years, 1966-77
Continued
All industries
Type of worker, year, and compensation practice
Percent
of
compen
sation
All hours
Manufacturing
Dollars per hour
Work
hours
Percent
of
compen
sation
Nonmanufacturing
Dollars per hour
All hours
Work
hours
Percent
of
compen
sation
All hours
Dollars per hour
Work
hours
O FFICE W O R K E R S — 1968
Total com pensation........................................
100.0
$4.62
$5.01
100.0
$5.31
$5.82
100.0
$4.32
$4.67
Pay for working tim e .....................................................
Straight-time p ay ....................................................
Premium pay..........................................................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk ...........
Shift differentials.............................................
81.5
80.6
.9
.8
.1
3.76
3.72
.04
.04
.01
4.08
4.04
.05
.04
.01
79.6
78.3
1.3
1.1
.2
4.22
4.16
.07
.06
.01
4.64
4.56
.08
.06
.01
82.5
81.8
.7
.6
.1
3.57
3.54
.03
.03
C1 )
3.85
3.82
.03
.03
( 1)
Pay for leave time (except sick leave)..........................
V acatio ns...............................................................
Holidays..................................................................
Civic and personal leave........................................
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds...................................................................
6.1
3.6
2.3
.2
.28
.17
.11
.01
.31
.18
.12
.01
6.8
4.0
2.5
.2
.36
.22
.13
.01
.40
.24
.15
.01
5.8
3.3
2.2
.2
.25
.15
.10
.01
.27
.16
.10
.01
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
<M
Employer expenditures for retirement program s..........
Social security.......................................................
Private pension p lans............................................
6.3
3.0
3.4
.29
.14
.16
.32
.15
.17
6.7
2.8
3.9
.35
.15
.21
.39
.16
.23
6.2
3.1
3.1
.27
.13
.13
.29
.14
.15
Employer expenditures for health benefit programs 2 ...
Life, accident, and health insu rance.....................
Sick le a v e ..............................................................
Worker’s com pensation.........................................
3.3
1.9
1.0
.3
.15
.09
.05
.01
.16
.10
.05
.02
3.7
2.4
1.0
.3
.20
.13
.05
.02
.22
.14
.06
.02
3.0
1.7
1.0
.3
.13
.07
.04
.01
.14
.08
.05
.01
.7
.6
.1
.03
.03
( 1)
.03
.03
.01
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs....................................................................
Unemployment insurance......................................
Severance p a y .......................................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unemployment benefit funds.......................................
.7
.6
.1
.03
.03
.01
.03
.03
.01
.7
.6
.1
.04
.03
.01
.04
.03
.01
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
(M
( 1)
( 1)
<M
Nonproduction bonuses................................................
Savings and thrift p la n s................................................
1.8
.3
.08
.01
.09
.02
2.0
.5
.11
.03
.12
.03
1.7
.2
.07
.01
.08
.01
W ages and salaries (gross payroll)3.............................
Supplements to wages and sa laries4...........................
90.5
9.5
4.18
.44
4.54
.47
89.5
10.5
4.75
.56
5.21
.61
91.1
8.9
3.94
.39
4.25
.42
N O N O FFICE W O R K E R S — 1 9 6 8 5
Total com pensation........................................
100.0
3.20
3.38
100.0
3.44
3.69
100.0
3.02
3.15
Pay for working tim e ....................................................
Straight-time p a y ...................................................
Premium pay.........................................................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk ..........
Shift differentials.............................................
83.7
80.2
3.4
2.9
.5
2.67
2.56
.11
.09
.02
2.82
2.71
.12
.10
.02
81.8
77.4
4.5
3.6
.9
2.82
2.66
.15
.13
.03
3.02
2.86
.17
.13
.03
85.2
82.6
2.6
2.4
.2
2.57
2.49
.08
.07
.01
2.69
2.61
.08
.08
.01
Pay for leave time (except sick leave)..........................
V acatio n s...............................................................
Holidays..................................................................
Civic and personal leave.......................................
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds..................................................................
4.8
2.8
1.7
.1
.15
.09
.05
( 1)
.16
.10
.06
( 1)
5.9
3.6
2.1
.1
.20
.12
.07
( 1)
.22
.13
.08
.01
3.9
2.2
1.3
.1
.2
.01
.01
.1
(M
( 1)
Employer expenditures for retirement program s.........
Social security.......................................................
Private pension p lan s............................................
5.9
3.6
2.3
.19
.12
.07
.20
.12
.08
6.2
3.5
2.6
.21
.12
.09
Employer expenditures for health benefit program s2 ..
Life, accident, and health insu rance.....................
Sick le a v e ........ .....................................................
Worker’s com pensation.........................................
4.1
2.4
.4
1.2
.13
.08
.01
.04
.14
.08
.01
.04
4.5
3.1
.3
1.0
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs....................................................................
Unemployment insurance......................................
Severance p a y .......................................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unem
ployment benefit funds.......................................
1.1
1.0
( 1)
.03
.03
( 1)
.04
.03
( 1)
.1
(l >
Nonproduction bonuses................................................
Savings and thrift p la n s................................................
.5
.1
.02
C1 )
W ages and salaries (gross payroll)3.............................
Supplements to wages and salaries4...........................
89.2
10.8
2.85
.35
See footnotes at end of table.
.12 *
.07
.04
( 1)
.12
.07
.04
(l )
.2
.01
.01
.23
.13
.10
5.7
3.7
2.0
.17
.11
.06
.18
.12
*06
.15
.11
.01
.04
.17
.12
.01
. 04
3.7
1.8
4
1.4
.11
.05
.01
.04
.12
.06
.01
!o5
1.1
.9
( 1)
.04
.03
( 1)
.04
.03
( 1)
1.1
1.0
( 1)
.03
.03
( 1)
.03
.03
(M
(M .
.2
.01
.01
( 1)
(l )
(')
.02
(M
.4
.1
.01
( 1)
.02
(M
.5
(M
.02
(M
.02
(M
3.01
.37
88.4
11.6
3.04
.40
3.26
.43
89.8
10.2
2.71
.31
2.83
.32
Table 132. Employee compensation, private nonagricultural economy, selected years, 1966-77
Continued
Type of worker, year, and compensation practice
Dollars per hour
All hours
Nonmanufacturing
Manufacturing
All industries
Percent
of
compen
sation
Work
hours
Percent
of
compen
sation
Dollars per hour
All hours
Work
hours
Percent
of
compen
sation
Dollars per hour
All hours
Work
hours
A L L W O R K ER S— 1970
Total com pensation..................... ..................
100.0
$4.24
$4.54
100.0
$4.48
$4.87
100.0
$4.11
$4.36
Pay for working tim e ....................................................
Straight-time p ay ...................................................
Premium pay..........................................................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk ..........
Shift differentials.............................................
81.9
79.8
2.1
1.7
.3
3.48
3.39
.09
.07
.01
3.72
3.63
.09
.08
.01
79.8
76.8
2.9
2.4
.6
3.57
3.44
.13
.11
.03
3.89
3.74
.14
.12
.03
83.2
81.6
1.5
1.4
.1
3.42
3.36
.06
.06
.01
3.63
3.56
.07
.06
.01
Pay for leave time (except sick leave).........................
V acatio ns...............................................................
Holidays.................................................................
Civic and personal leave....................................... .
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds.................................................................. .
5.6
3.3
2.1
.1
.24
.14
.09
.01
.25
.15
.09
.01
6.7
4.0
2.5
.2
.30
.18
.11
.01
.33
.20
.12
.01
4.9
2.8
1.8
.1
.20
.12
.07
.01
.21
.12
.08
.01
(M
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
.1
( 1)
.01
Employer expenditures for retirement program s.........
Social security........................................................
Private pension p lan s............................................
6.5
3.4
3.0
.27
.15
.13
.29
.16
.14
6.5
3.4
3.2
.29
.15
.14
.32
.16
.15
6.4
3.5
3.0
.27
.14
.12
.28
.15
.13
Employer expenditures for health benefit programs 2 ...
Life, accident, and health insu rance.....................
Sick le a v e ..............................................................
Worker’s com pensation......................................
4.2
2.6
.7
.9
.18
.11
.03
.04
.19
.12
.03
.04
5.0
3.6
.6
.8
.23
.16
.03
.04
.25
.18
.03
.04
3.7
2.1
.7
.9
.15
.09
.03
.04
.16
.09
.03
.04
.1
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs....................................................................
Unemployment insurance......................................
Severance p a y .......................................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unem
ployment benefit funds.......................................
.8
.7
.1
.04
.03
( 1)
.04
.03
( 1)
.9
.7
.1
.04
.03
( 1)
.04
.03
( 1)
.8
.7
.1
.03
.03
( 1)
.03
.03
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
.1
.01
.01
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
Nonproduction bonuses................................................
Savings and thrift p la n s................................................
.9
.2
.04
.01
.04
.01
.8
.3
.03
.01
.04
.01
.9
.1
.04
( 1)
.04
( 1)
Wages and salaries (gross payroll)3.............................
Supplements to wages and sa laries4...........................
89.0
11.0
3.78
.47
4.04
.50
88.0
12.0
3.94
.54
4.28
.59
89.6
10.4
3.69
.43
3.91
.45
O FFICE W O RK ERS — 1970
Total com pensation........................................
100.0
5.31
5.79
100.0
6.07
6.70
100.0
5.03
5.45
Pay for working tim e .....................................................
Straight-time p ay ....................................................
Premium pay...........................................................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk ...........
Shift differentials..............................................
80.9
80.0
.8
.7
.1
4.30
4.25
.04
.04
.01
4.68
4.63
.05
.04
.01
79.1
78.1
1.1
.9
.2
4.80
4.74
.07
.05
.01
5.30
5.23
.07
.06
.01
81.6
80.9
.7
.6
.1
4.10
4.07
.04
.03
.01
4.45
4.41
.04
.03
.01
Pay for leave time (except sick leave)..........................
V acatio ns...................................... .........................
Holidays.............................................................. :...
Civic and personal leave........................................
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds...................................................................
6.4
3.7
2.4
.2
.34
.20
.13
.01
.37
.22
.14
.01
7.2
4.2
2.7
.3
.44
.26
.16
.02
.48
.28
.18
.02
6.0
3.5
2.3
.2
.30
.18
.12
.01
.33
.19
.12
.01
(
1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
Employer expenditures for retirement program s..........
Social security........................................................
Private pension p lan s.............................................
6.7
3.0
3.7
.36
.16
.20
.39
.17
.22
6.4
2.8
3.6
.39
.17
.22
.43
.19
.24
6.9
3.1
3.8
.35
.16
.19
.37
.17
.21
Employer expenditures for health benefit program s2....
Life, accident, and health insu rance.....................
Sick le a v e ..............................................................
Worker’s com pensation.........................................
3.7
2.3
1.0
.3
.19
.12
.05
.02
.21
.13
.06
.02
4.4
3.1
1.0
.3
.27
.19
.06
.02
.30
.21
.07
.02
3.3
2.0
1.0
.3
.17
.10
.05
.02
.18
.11
.05
.02
.7
.5
.2
.04
.03
.01
.05
.03
.01
.6
.5
.1
.03
.02
.01
.03
.03
.01
( 1)
(
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs....................................................................
Unemployment insurance......................................
Severance p a y .......................................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unem
ployment benefit funds.......................................
.6
.5
.1
.03
.03
.01
.03
.03
.01
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
1)
( 1)
Nonproduction bonuses................................................
Savings and thrift p la n s................................................
1.5
.3
.08
.02
.09
.02
1.5
.6
.09
.04
.10
.03
1.5
.1
.08
.01
.08
.01
W ages and salaries (gross payroll)3.............................
Supplements to wages and sa laries4...........................
89.8
10.2
4.77
.54
5.20
.59
89.1
10.9
5.41
.66
5.97
.73
90.2
9.8
4.53
.49
4.91
.53
See footnotes at end of table.
Q1 1
(M
(M
( 1)
Table 132. Employee compensation, private nonagricultural economy, selected years, 1966-77
Continued
All industries
Type of worker, year, and compensation practice
Percent
of
compen
sation
Manufacturing
Dollars per hour
All hours
Work
hours
Percent
of
compen
sation
Nonmanufacturing
Dollars per hour
All hours
Work
hours
Percent
of
compen
sation
All hours
Dollars per hour
Work
hours
NONOFFICE W O R K ER S— 19705
Total com pensation.......................................
100.0
$3.66
$3.88
100.0
$3.92
$4.24
100.0
$3.49
$3.66
Pay for working tim e ....................................................
Straight-time p ay ................................... ...............
Premium pay.........................................................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk ..........
Shift differentials..................................... .......
82.7
79.7
3.0
2.6
.4
3.03
2.92
.11
.10
.02
3.21
3.09
.12
.10
.02
80.1
76.2
4.0
3.2
.8
3.14
2.98
.16
.13
.03
3.39
3.23
.17
.14
.03
84.6
82.3
2.3
2.2
.2
2.96
2.87
.08
.08
.01
3.09
3.01
.09
.08
.01
Pay for leave time (except sick leave).........................
V acatio ns..............................................................
Holidays.................................................................
Civic and personal leave.......................................
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds..................................................................
4.9
2.9
1.8
.1
.18
.11
.07
( 1)
.19
.11
.07
( 1)
6.5
3.9
2.4
.1
.25
.15
.09
.01
.27
.17
.10
.01
3.8
2.2
1.4
.1
.1
.01
.01
( 1)
( /
v 1)
1
V1 /
Employer expenditures for retirement program s.........
Social security.......................................................
Private pension p lan s............................................
6.3
3.8
2.5
.23
.14
.09
.24
.15
.10
6.5
3.7
2.9
.26
.14
.11
. 28
Employer expenditures for health benefit programs ...
Life, accident, and health insurance.....................
Sick le a v e .................... .........................................
Worker’s com pensation.........................................
4.7
2.9
.4
1.3
.17
.11
.02
.05
.18
.11
.02
.05
5.4
3.9
.4
1.0
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs...................................................................
Unemployment insurance......................................
Severance p a y .......................................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unem
ployment benefit funds.......................................
1.0
.9
( 1)
.04
.03
( 1)
.04
.03
( 1)
1.0
.8
( 1)
.1
( 1)
( 1)
.2
.01
Nonproduction bonuses................................................
Savings and thrift p la n s................................................
.4
.1
.01
( 1)
.01
( 1)
.4
.1
.02
( 1)
W ages and salaries (gross payroll)3.............................
Supplements to wages and sa laries4...........................
88.4
11.6
3.24
.43
3.43
.45
87.4
12.6
3.42
.49
100.0
80.5
78.5
2.0
1.8
.3
4.88
3.93
3.83
.10
.09
.01
5.23
4.21
4.11
.11
.09
.01
100.0
78.5
75.5
3.0
2.5
.5
Pay for leave time (except sick leave)..........................
V acatio ns...............................................................
Holidays..................................................................
Civic and personal leave........................................
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds...................................................................
5.6
3.3
2.0
.1
.28
.16
.10
.01
.29
.17
.11
.01
.2
.01
Employer expenditures for retirement program s..........
Social security........................................................
Private pension p lan s..........................................
7.0
3.7
3.3
.34
.18
.16
Employer expenditures for health benefit program s2....
Life, accident, and health insurance......................
Sick le a v e ..............................................................
Worker’s com pensation.........................................
4.7
3.0
.7
.9
1.0
.9
.1
.1
Nonproduction bonuses................................................
Savings and thrift p la n s............................................... i
1.0
.2
Wages and salaries (gross payroll) 3............................ J
Supplements to wages and sa laries 4 ...........................
87.8
12.2
(
.14
.08
.05
.13
.08
.05
(1 /
v )
l 1/
\ )
.2
.01
.01
.16
.12
6.1
3.8
2.2
.21
.13
.08
.22
.14
.08
.21
.15
.02
.04
.23
.16
.02
.04
4.2
2.2
.5
1.5
.15
.08
.02
.05
.15
.08
.02
.05
.04
.03
( 1)
.04
.03
( 1)
1.0
.9
.1
.03
.03
( 1)
.04
.03
( 1)
.01
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
.02
( 1)
.3
.1
.01
( 1)
.01
( 1)
3.70
.53
89.1
10.9
3.11
.38
3.26
.40
5.20
4.08
3.93
.16
.13
.03
5.64
4.43
4.26
.17
.14
.03
100.0
81.8
80.3
1.5
1.3
.2
4.71
3.85
3.78
.07
.06
.01
5.00
4.09
4.02
.07
.07
.01
6.5
3.8
2.4
.2
.34
.20
.12
.01
.36
.21
.14
.01
5.1
3.0
1.8
.1
.24
.14
.09
.01
26
.15
.09
.01
.01
.1
.01
.01
.2
.01
.01
.36
.19
.17
7.1
3.6
3.6
.37
.18
.19
.40
.20
.20
6.9
3.7
3.2
.32
.17
.15
.34
.19
.16
.23
.15
.03
.05
.24
.16
.04
.05
5.4
4.0
.6
.9
.28
.21
’03
.05
.31
.22
.03
.05
4.2
2.4
.8
.9
.20
.11
.04
.04
.21
•1 9
Ic
.04
.05
.05
.05
.05
.05
.07
.05
.01
.05
.04
.05
.05
( 1)
.06
.05
.01
1.0
.9
( 1)
1.2
.9
.1
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( l )
( 1)
.1
.01
.01
( 1)
( M
( 1)
.05
.01
.05
.01
1.0
.2
.05
.01
.05
.01
.9
.1
.05
.01
.05
.01
4.28
.60
4.59
.64
86.5
13.5
4.50
.69
4.88
.76
88.5
11.5
4.16
.54
4.43
.57
'
A L L W O RK ERS— 1972
Total com pensation........................................
Pay for working tim e .....................................................
Straight-time p a y ....................................................
Premium pay..........................................................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk...........
Shift differentials.............................................
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs....................................................................
Unemployment insurance......................................
Severance p a y ................................ ......................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unem
ployment benefit funds.......................................
See footnotes at end of table.
312
Table 132. Employee compensation, private nonagricultural economy, selected years, 1966-77'
Continued
Type of worker, year, and compensation practice
Percent
of
compen
sation
Dollars per hour
All hours
Nonmanufacturing
Manufacturing
All industries
Work
hours
Percent
of
compen
sation
Dollars per hour
All hours
Work
hours
Percent
of
com pen
sation
Dollars per hour
All hours
Work
hours
O FFIC E W O R K E R S — 1972
Total com pensation....................................... .
Pay for working tim e .....................................................
Straight-time p ay....................................................
Premium pay...........................................................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk ...........
Shift differentials..............................................
100.0
79.5
78.8
.7
.6
.1
$6.14
$6.71
100.0
$7.03
$7.76
100.0
$5.83
$6.34
4.89
4.84
.05
.04
.01
5.34
.05
.04
.01
.43
77.8
76.8
1.0
.9
.1
5.47
5.40
.07
.06
.01
6.04
5.96
.08
.07
.01
80.2
79.6
.6
.5
.1
4.68
4.65
.04
.03
.01
5.09
5.05
.04
.03
.01
Pay for leave time (except sick leave)..........................
V acatio ns...............................................................
Holidays..................................................................
Civic and personal leave........................................
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds...................................................................
6.5
3.8
2.4
.2
.40
.23
.15
.01
.26
.16
.01
.01
7.0
4.1
2.6
.3
.49
.29
.18
.02
.54
.32
.20
.02
6.2
3.7
2.3
.•2
.36
.22
.14
.01
.39
.23
•15
.01
( 1)
(M
(* )
(M
(M
(M
(M
( 1)
(M
Employer expenditures for retirement program s..........
Social security........................................................
Private pension p lan s.............................................
7.2
3.2
4.0
.44
.20
.24
.48
.21
.27
7.1
3.0
4.1
.50
.21
.29
.55
.23
.32
7.2
3.3
3.9
.42
.19
.23
.46
.21
.25
Employer expenditures for health benefit programs3....
Life, accident, and health insu rance.....................
Sick le a v e ..............................................................
W orker's com pensation.........................................
4.1
2.7
1.0
.4
.25
.17
.06
.02
.28
.18
.07
.02
4.8
3.5
.9
.4
.34
.25
.07
.03
.37
.27
.07
.03
3.8
2.4
1.0
.4
.22
.14
.06
.02
.24
.15
.06
.02
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs....................................................................
Unemployment insurance......................................
Severance p a y .......................................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unem
ployment benefit funds.......................................
.8
.7
.1
.05
.04
.01
.05
.05
.01
.9
.7
.2
.07
.05
.01
.07
.05
.01
.8
.7
.1
.04
.04
(M
.05
.04
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
(*>
Nonproduction bonuses................................................
Savings and thrift p la n s................................................
1.6
.3
.10
.02
.11
.02
1.8
.5
.13
.04
.14
.04
1.6
.2
.09
.01
.10
.01
W ages and salaries (gross payroll)3.............................
Supplements to wages and sa la rie s4...........................
88.7
11.3
5.45
.69
5.95
.76
87.7
12.3
6.17
.86
6.81
.95
89.1
10.9
5.20
.63
5.65
.69
100.0
4.20
4.45
100.0
4.51
4.86
100.0
4.00
4.19
83.2
80.9
2.3
2.1
.2
3.33
3.23
.09
.08
.01
3.49
3.39
.10
.09
.01
4.1
2.3
1.4
.1
.16
.09
.06
( 1)
.17
.09
.06
( 1)
N O N O FFICE W O R K E R S — 1 9 7 2 s
Total com pensation........................................
Pay for working tim e .....................................................
Straight-time p a y ....................................................
Premium pay...........................................................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk ...........
Shift differentials..............................................
81.4
78.3
3.1
2.7
.4
3.42
3.29
.13
.11
.02
3.62
3.49
.14
.12
.02
78.9
74.8
4.1
3.4
.7
3.56
3.37
.19
.15
.03
3.84
3.64
.20
.17
.03
Pay for leave time (except sick leave)..........................
V acatio n s...............................................................
Holidays..................................................................
Civic and personal leave........................................
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds...................................................................
5.0
2.8
1.8
.1
.21
.12
.07
( 1)
.22
.13
.08
( 1)
6.2
3.6
2.3
.1
.28
.16
.10
.01
.30
.17
.11
.01
.3
.01
.01
.1
.01
.01
.4
.01
.02
Employer expenditures for retirement program s..........
Social security........................................................
Private pension p lan s.............................................
6.8
4.0
2.8
.28
.17
.12
.30
.18
.12
7.2
3.9
3.3
.32
.18
.15
.35
.19
.16
6.5
4.1
2.4
.26
.16
.10
.27
.17
.10
Employer expenditures for health benefit program s3....
Life, accident, and health insu rance.....................
Sick le a v e ..............................................................
Worker’s com pensation.........................................
5.1
3.2
.4
1.4
.21
.14
.02
.06
.23
.14
.02
.06
5.8
4.2
.3
1.2
.26
.19
.02
.05
.28
.21
.02
.06
4.6
2.5
.5
1.5
.18
.10
.02
.06
.19
.10
.02
.06
1.2
1.1
(M
.05
.05
(M
.05
.05
( 1)
1.3
1.1
.1
.06
.05
( 1)
.06
.05
( 1)
1.1
1.1
( 1)
.05
.05
( 1)
.05
.05
(* )
.1
( 1)
( 1)
.2
.01
.01
(M
(M
(* )
Nonproduction bonuses................................................
Savings and thrift p la n s................................................
.4
.1
.02
( 1)
.02
( 1)
.5
.1
.02
( 1)
.02
( 1)
.4
.1
.02
( 1)
.02
(» )
W ages and salaries (gross payroll)3.............................
Supplements to wages and sa laries4...........................
87.0
13.0
3.65
.54
3.87
.58
85.9
14.1
3.87
.63
4.18
.68
87.9
12.1
3.51
.48
3.68
.51
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs....................................................................
Unemployment insurance......................................
Severance p a y .......................................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unem
ployment benefit funds.......................................
See footnotes at end of table.
313
Table 132. Employee compensation, private nonagricultural economy, selected years, 1966-77'
Continued
Type of worker, year, and compensation practice
Dollars per hour
All hours
Nonmanufacturing
Manufacturing
All industries
Percent
of
compen
sation
Work
hours
Percent
of
compen
sation
Dollars per hour
All hours
Work
hours
Percent
of
compen
sation
Dollars per hour
All hours
Work
hours
A L L W O R K ER S— 1974
Total com pensation........................................
100.0
$5.87
$6.33
100.0
$6.15
$6.72
100.0
$5.73
$6.13
Pay for working tim e .....................................................
Straight-time p ay ....................................................
Premium pay...........................................................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk ...........
Shift differentials..............................................
78.2
76.3
1.9
1.7
.3
4.59
4.48
.11
.10
.02
4.95
4.83
.12
.10
.02
76.2
73.3
2.9
2.3
.5
4.68
4.50
.18
.14
.03
5.12
4.93
.19
.16
.04
*79.4
78.0
1.4
1.3
.1
4.55
4.47
.08
.07
.01
4.86
4.78
.09
.08
.01
Pay for leave time (except sick leave)..........................
V acatio ns...............................................................
Holidays..................................................................
Civic and personal leave........................................
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds...................................................................
6.0
3.4
2.3
.2
.35
.20
.13
.01
.38
.22
.14
.01
6.9
3.9
2.7
.2
.43
.24
.17
.01
.47
.26
.18
.01
5.4
3.1
2.0
.1
.31
.18
.12
.01
.33
.19
.12
.01
.1
.01
.01
.1
.01
.01
.2
.01
.01
Employer expenditures for retirement program s..........
Social security........................................................
Private pension p lan s.............................................
8.1
4.4
3.7
.47
.26
.22
.51
.28
.23
8.4
4.3
4.0
.51
.27
.25
.56
.29
.27
7.9
4.4
3.5
.45
.25
.20
.49
.27
.21
Employer expenditures for health benefit programs
Life, accident, and health insu rance.....................
Sick le a v e ..............................................................
Worker’s com pensation.........................................
4.9
3.3
.7
1.0
.29
.19
.04
.06
.31
.21
.04
.06
5.9
4.3
.6
.9
.36
.27
.04
.06
.39
.29
.04
.06
4.4
2.7
.7
1.0
.25
.15
.04
.06
.27
.16
.04
.06
1.1
.9
( 1)
.06
.06
( 1)
.07
.06
( 1)
1.1
1.0
.1
.07
.06
( 1)
.08
.06
( 1)
1.0
.9
( 1)
.06
.05
( 1)
.06
.06
( 1)
.1
( 1)
( 1)
.1
.01
.01
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
Nonproduction bonuses................................................
Savings and thrift p la n s................................................
1.5
.2
.09
.01
.09
.01
1.2
.3
.08
.02
.08
.02
1.6
.2
.09
.01
.10
.01
W ages and salaries (gross payroll)3.............................
Supplements to wages and sa laries4...........................
86.3
13.7
5.07
.81
5.46
.87
84.9
15.1
5.22
.93
5.71
1.01
87.0
13.0
4.99
.74
5.33
.79
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs....................................................................
Unemployment insurance......................................
Severance p a y ...................... ................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unem
ployment benefit funds.......................................
O FFICE W O RK ERS— 1974
Total com pensation........................................
100.0
7.25
7.95
100.0
8.17
Pay for working tim e .....................................................
Straight-time p a y ....................................................
Premium pay..........................................................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk ...........
Shift differentials.............................................
76.8
76.1
.7
.6
.1
5.57
5.52
.05
.04
.01
6.11
6.05
.06
.05
.01
74.8
73.8
1.0
.8
.2
6.11
6.03
.08
.07
.01
9.06
6.78
6.69
.09
.08
.02
100.0
77.5
77.0
.6
.5
.1
6.95
5.39
5.35
.04
.03
.01
7.59
5.89
5.84
.04
.04
.01
Pay for leave time (except sick leave)..........................
V acatio n s...............................................................
Holidays..................................................................
Civic and personal leave........................................
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds...................................................................
6.7
3.9
2.6
.2
.49
.28
.19
.01
.53
.31
.21
.02
7.3
4.1
2.8
.2
.59
.34
.23
.02
.66
.37
.26
.02
6.5
3.8
2.5
.2
.45
.26
.18
.01
.49
.29
.19
.01
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
.1
.01
.01
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
Employer expenditures for retirement program s..........
Social security........................................................
Private pension p lans.............................................
8.4
4.0
4.4
.61
.29
.32
.67
.32
.35
8.7
3.8
4.9
.71
.31
.40
.79
.35
.45
8.3
4.0
4.2
.58
.28
.30
.63
.31
.32
Employer expenditures for health benefit programs ....
Life, accident, and health insu rance.....................
Sick le a v e ..............................................................
Worker’s com pensation.........................................
4.2
2.8
.9
.4
.30
.21
.07
.03
.33
.23
.07
.03
5.0
3.7
.9
.4
.41
.30
.08
.03
.45
.33
.09
.03
3.8
2.5
.9
.4
.27
.18
.06
.03
.29
.19
.07
.03
.9
.7
.1
.07
.06
.01
.08
.06
.01
.8
.7
.05
.05
.06
.05
(M
( l >
D
(M
( l )
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs....................................................................
Unemployment insurance......................................
Severance p a y .......................................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unem
ployment benefit funds.......................................
.8
.7
.1
.06
.05
.01
.06
.06
.01
( 1)
( 1)
(l )
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
Nonproduction bonuses................................................
Savings and thrift p la n s................................................
2.8
.4
.20
.03
.22
.03
2.7
.6
.22
.05
.25
.05
2.8
.3
.19
.02
.21
.02
W ages and salaries (gross payroll)3.............................
Supplements to wages and sa laries4...........................
See footnotes at end of table.
87.2
12.8
6.33
.93
6.94
1.02
85.8
14.2
7.01
1.16
7.78
1.29
87.8
12.2
6.10
.85
6.66
.93
314
(M
Table 132. Employee compensation, private nonagricultural economy, selected years, 1966-77'
Continued
Type of worker, year, and compensation practice
Dollars per hour
All hours
Nonmanufacturing
Manufacturing
All industries
Percent
of
compen
sation
Work
hours
Percent
of
compen
sation
Dollars per hour
All hours
Work
hours
Percent
of
compen
sation
Dollars per hour
All hours
Work
hours
NONOFFICE W O RK ERS— 19745
Total Compensation........................................
100.0
$5.06
$5.39
100.0
$5.40
$5.88
100.0
$4.83
$5.09
Pay for working tim e .....................................................
Straight-time p ay....................................................
Premium pay..........................................................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk ...........
Shift differentials.............................................
79.5
76.5
3.0
2.6
.4
4.02
3.87
.15
.13
.02
4.29
4.13
.16
.14
.02
76.9
73.0
3.9
3.2
.7
4.15
3.94
.21
.17
.04
4.52
4.29
.23
.19
.04
81.3
79.0
2.3
2.1
.2
3.93
3.82
.11
.10
.01
4.14
4.02
.12
.11
.01
Pay for leave time (except sick leave)..........................
V acatio ns...............................................................
Holidays..................................................................
Civic and personal leave........................................
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds...................................................................
5.3
3.0
2.0
.1
.27
.15
.10
.01
.29
.16
.11
.01
6.8
3.8
2.6
.2
.37
.21
.14
.01
.40
.22
.15
.01
4.3
2.4
1.5
.1
.21
.12
.07
( 1)
.22
.12
.07
( 1)
.2
.01
.01
.1
.01
.01
.3
.02
.02
Employer expenditures for retirement program s..........
Social security........................................................
Private pension p la n s.............................................
7.8
4.8
3.0
.39
.24
.15
.42
.26
.16
8.2
4.6
3.5
.44
.25
.19
.48
.27
.21
7.6
4.9
2.7
.37
.23
.13
.38
.25
.14
Employer expenditures for health benefit programs *....
Life, accident, and health insu rance.....................
Sick le a v e ..............................................................
Worker’s com pensation.........................................
5.6
3.6
.5
1.5
.28
.18
.02
.07
.30
.19
.03
.08
6.4
4.7
.4
1.2
.34
.25
.02
.06
.37
.28
.03
.07
5.0
2.8
.5
1.7
.24
.13
.02
.08
.25
.14
.03
.09
1.3
1.2
( 1)
.07
.06
( 1)
.07
.06
( 1)
1.3
1.1
( 1)
.07
.06
( 1)
.08
.06
( 1)
1.3
1.2
( 1)
.06
.06
( 1)
.07
.06
( 1)
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs....................................................................
Unemployment insurance......................................
Severance p a y .......................................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unem
ployment benefit funds.......................................
.1
.01
.01
.2
.01
.01
.1
( 1)
( 1)
Nonproduction bonuses................................................
Savings and thrift p la n s................................................
.4
.1
.02
( 1)
.02
( 1)
.4
.1
.02
(l )
.02
( 1)
.4
.1
.02
( 1)
.02
( 1)
W ages and salaries (gross payroll)3.............................
Supplements to wages and sa laries4...........................
85.5
14.5
4.32
.73
4.61
.78
84.4
15.6
4.56
.84
4.96
.92
86.3
13.7
4.17
.66
4.39
.70
Total com pensation........................................
Pay for working tim e .....................................................
Straight-time p ay ....................................................
Premium pay...........................................................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk ...........
Shift differentials..... ...... ............................
100.0
76.7
74.7
1.9
1.6
.3
6.94
7.53
5.77
5.63
.15
.12
.02
100.0
7.18
7.90
100.0
6.78
7.30
5.32
5.18
.13
.11
.02
74.5
71.8
2.7
2.2
.4
5.35
5.16
.19
.16
.03
5.89
5.68
.21
.18
.03
78.1
76.7
1.4
1.3
.2
5.30
5.20
.10
.09
.01
5.70
5.60
.11
.09
.01
Pay for leave time (except sick leave)..........................
V acatio ns...............................................................
Holidays..................................................................
Civic and personal leave........................................
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds...................................................................
6.1
3.5
2.3
.2
.43
.24
.16
.01
.46
.26
.17
.01
7.0
3.9
2.7
.2
.50
.28
.20
.01
.55
.31
.22
.02
5.6
3.1
2.0
.2
.38
.21
.14
.01
.41
.23
.15
.01
.2
.01
.02
.1
.01
.01
.2
.02
.02
Employer expenditures for retirement program s..........
Social security........................................................
Private pension p lans.............................................
8.6
4.3
4.3
.60
.30
.30
.65
.32
.32
8.8
4.2
4.5
.63
.30
.33
.69
.33
.36
8.5
4.4
4.1
.58
.30
.28
.62
.32
.30
Employer expenditures for health benefit program s2....
Life, accident, and health insu rance.....................
Sick le a v e ..............................................................
Worker’s com pensation.........................................
6.0
4.1
.9
1.1
.42
.28
.06
.07
.45
.31
.06
.08
6.9
5.0
.7
1.1
.50
.36
.05
.08
.55
.40
.06
.09
5.4
3.4
.9
1.0
.36
.23
.06
.07
.39
.25
.07
.07
1.3
1.1
.1
.09
.08
.01
.09
.08
.01
1.4
1.2
.2
.10
.08
.01
.11
.09
.02
1.1
1.0
( 1)
.08
.07
( 1)
.08
.08
( 1)
A L L W O R K ER S— 1976 6
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs....................................................................
Unemployment insurance......................................
Severance p a y .......................................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unem
ployment benefit funds.......................................
.1
( 1)
( 1)
.1
( 1)
(M
.1
( 1)
( 1)
Nonproduction bonuses................................................
Savings and thrift p lan s................................................
1.1
.2
.08
.01
.08
.01
1.1
.3
.08
.02
.09
.02
1.1
.2
.08
.01
.08
.01
Wages and salaries (gross payroll)3.............................
Supplements to wages and sa la rie s4...........................
84.7
15.3
5.87
1.06
6.37
1.15
84.4
16.6|
5.99
1.19
6.59
1.31
85.5
14.5
5.80
.98
6.24
1.06
See footnotes at end of table.
315
Table 132. Employee compensation, private nonagricultural economy, selected years, 1966-77Continued
Type of worker, year, and compensation practice
Dollars per hour
All hours
Nonmanufacturing
Manufacturing
All industries
Percent
of
compen
sation
Work
hours
Percent
of
compen
sation
Dollars per hour
All hours
Work
hours
Percent
of
com pen
sation
Dollars per hour
All hours
Work
hours
O FFICE W O R K ER S— 19766
Total com pensation........................................
100.0
$8.54
$9.43
100.0
100.0
$8.14
75.7
74.9
.8
.6
.1
6.47
6.40
.07
.05
.01
7.14
7.06
.07
.06
.01
73.2
72.2
1.0
.9
.1
$9.61
704
6.94
.10
.08
.01
$10.74
Pay for working tim e .....................................................
Straight-time p ay ....................................................
Premium pay...........................................................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk...........
Shift differentials.............................................
7.86
7.76
.11
.09
.02
76.8
76.1
.7
.5
.1
6.25
6.20
.06
.04
.01
$8.94
6.87
6.80
.06
.05
.01
Pay for leave time (except sick leave).................... .....
V acatio ns...............................................................
Holidays..................................................................
Civic and personal leave........................................
Employment payments to vacation and holiday
funds...................................................................
6.7
3.9
2.5
.2
.57
.33
.22
.02
.63
.36
.24
.02
7.5
4.2
2.9
.2
.72
.40
.28
.02
.80
.45
.31
.03
6.3
3.7
2.4
.2
.51
.30
.19
.02
.56
.33
.21
.02
( 1)
(M
( 1)
.1
.01
.02
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
Employer expenditures for retirement program s..........
Social security........................................................
Private pension p lan s.............................................
9.1
4.0
5.1
.77
.34
.44
.85
.37
.48
9.2
3.7
5.5
.89
.36
.53
.99
.40
.59
9.0
4.1
4.9
.73
.33
.40
.80
.36
.44
Employer expenditures for health benefit program s2....
Life, accident, and health insu rance.....................
Sick le a v e ..............................................................
Worker’s com pensation.........................................
5.2
3.6
1.2
.4
.44
.31
.10
.04
.49
.34
.11
.04
6.1
4.5
1.1
.5
.58
.44
.10
.04
.65
.49
.12
.05
4.8
3.2
1.2
.4
.39
.26
.10
.03
.43
.29
.11
.04
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs....................................................................
Unemployment insurance......................................
Severance p a y .......................................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unem
ployment benefit funds.......................................
1.0
.8
.1
.08
.07
.01
.09
.08
.01
1.1
.9
.2
.10
.08
.02
.12
.09
.02
.9
.8
.1
.08
.07
.01
.08
.07
.01
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
Nonproduction bonuses................................................
Savings and thrift p la n s................................................
2.0
.4
.17
.03
.19
.04
2.3
.6
.22
.06
.25
.07
1.9
.3
.15
.02
.17
.02
Wages and salaries (gross payroll)3.............................
Supplements to wages and sa la rie s4...........................
85.6
14.4
7.31
1.23
8.07
1.36
84.1
15.9
8.08
1.53
9.03
1.71
86.3
13.7
7.02
1.12
7.71
1.23
Total com pensation........................................
Pay for working tim e .....................................................
Straight-time p ay ....................................................
Premium pay............................................. .............
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk ...........
Shift differentials.............................................
100.0
77.4
74.6
2.8
2.4
.4
6.08
4.71
4.54
.17
.15
.02
6.54
100.0
75.2
71.7
3.5
2.9
.6
6.38
5.06
4.88
.18
.16
.03
4.80
4.57
.22
.19
.04
6.98
5.25
5.00
.24
.20
.04
100.0
79.4
77.2
2.2
2.0
.2
5.84
4.63
4.51
.13
.11
.01
6.20
4.92
4.79
.14
.12
.01
Pay for leave time (except sick leave)..........................
V acatio ns...............................................................
Holidays..................................................................
Civic and personal leave........................................
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds...................................................................
5.7
3.1
2.1
.1
.35
.19
.13
.01
.38
.21
.14
.01
6.8
3.8
2.6
.2
.43
.24
.17
.01
.47
.27
.16
.01
4.8
2.6
1.7
.1
.28
.15
.10
.01
.30
.16
.10
.01
•3
.02
.02
.1
.01
.01
.5
.03
.03
Employer expenditures for retirement program s..........
Social security........................................................
Private pension p lans.............................................
8.3
4.6
3.7
.50
.28
.22
.54
.30
.24
8.5
4.5
4.1
.54
.28
.26
.60
.31
.28
8.0
4.7
3.3
.47
.27
.20
.50
.29
.21
Employer expenditures for health benefit program s2....
Life, accident, and health insu rance.....................
Sick le a v e ..............................................................
Worker’s com pensation.........................................
6.6
4.4
.6
1.5
.40
.27
.04
.09
.43
.29
.04
.10
7.4
5.3
.6
1.5
.47
.34
.04
.09
.51
.37
.04
.10
5.9
3.6
.7
1.6
.34
.21
.04
.09
.37
.22
.04
.10
1.5
1.3
.1
.09
.08
.01
.10
.08
.01
1.6
1.3
.2
.10
.08
.01
.11
.09
.01
1.4
1.3
( 1)
.08
.07
( 1)
.08
.08
( 1)
NONOFFICE W O R K ER S— 1976®6
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs....................................................................
Unemployment insurance......................................
Severance p a y .......................................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unem
ployment benefit funds.......................................
.1
( 1)
( 1)
.1
( 1)
( 1)
.1
( 1)
.01
Nonproduction bonuses................................................
Savings aod thrift p la n s................................................
.4
.1
.03
( 1)
.03
( 1)
.5
.1
.03
( 1)
.03
( 1)
.4
.1
.02
( 1)
.02
( 1)
W ages and salaries (gross payroll)3.............................
Supplements to wages and sa la rie s4...........................
84.0
16.0
5.11
.97
5.49
1.05
83.1
16.9
5.30
1.08
5.80
1.18
84.8
15.2
4.95
.89 I
5.26
.94
See footnotes at end of table.
316
Table 132. Employee compensation, private nonagricultural economy, selected years, 1966-77'
Continued
Type of worker, year, and compensation practice
Dollars per hour
All hours
Nonmanufacturing
Manufacturing
All industries
Percent
of
compen
sation
Work
hours
Percent
of
compen
sation
Dollars per hour
All hours
Work
hours
Percent
of
compen
sation
Dollars per hour
All hours
Work
hours
A L L W O R K ER S— 1977
Total com pensation........................................
100.0
$7.43
$8.04
100.0
$8.02
$8.82
100.0
$7.15
Pay for working tim e .....................................................
Straight-time p ay....................................................
Premium pay..........................................................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk ...........
Shift differentials.............................................
76.7
74.8
1.9
1.6
.3
5.70
5.56
.14
.12
.02
6.17
6.02
.15
.13
.02
74.0
71.1
2.9
2.3
.6
5.94
5.70
.23
.19
.05
6.52
6.27
.26
.21
.05
78.2
76.8
1.4
1.2
.2
5.59
5.49
.10
.09
.01
$7.68
6.01
5.90
.11
.09
.01
Pay for leave time (except sick leave)..........................
V acatio ns...............................................................
Holidays..................................................................
Civic and personal leave........................................
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds...................................................................
6.1
3.4
2.3
.2
.45
.25
.17
.01
.49
.27
.19
.01
7.2
4.1
2.8
.2
.58
.33
.22
.02
.63
.36
.25
.02
5.5
3.0
2.1
.2
.39
.22
.15
.01
.42
.23
.16
.01
.2
.01
.02
.1
.01
.01
.2
.02
.02
Employer expenditures for retirement program s..........
Social security........................................................
Private pension p lan s............................................
8.5
4.4
4.1
.63
.33
.30
.69
.36
.33
9.0
4.2
4.8
.72
.34
.38
.80
.37
.42
8.3
4.5
3.7
.59
.32
.27
.64
.35
.29
Employer expenditures for health benefit program s2....
Life, accident, and health insurance......................
Sick le a v e ..............................................................
Worker’s com pensation.........................................
6.0
4.0
.8
1.2
.45
.30
.06
.09
.48
.32
.07
.10
7.1
5.2
.6
1.2
.57
.42
.05
.10
.62
.46
.06
.11
5.5
3.3
.9
1.2
.39
.24
.07
.09
.42
.26
.07
.09
1.3
1.2
.1
.11
.09
( 1)
.12
.10
.01
1.3
1.2
( 1)
.09
.09
( 1)
.10
.09
( 1)
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs....................................................................
Unemployment insurance......................................
Severance p a y .......................................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unem
ployment benefit funds.......................................
1.3
1.2
( 1)
.10
.09
( 1)
.10
.10
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
.1
.01
.01
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
Nonproduction bonuses.......... ......................................
Savings and thrift p la n s................................................
1.1
.2
.08
.02
.08
.02
.9
.3
.07
.03
.08
.03
1.1
.2
.08
.01
.09
.01
W ages and salaries (gross payroll)3.............................
Supplements to wages and sala rie s4...........................
84.6
15.5
6.28
1.15
6.80
1.24
82.7
17.3
6.64
1.38
7.30
1.52
85.5
14.5
6.11
1.04
6.57
1.11
100.0
75.8
75.0
.8
.6
.1
9.04
6.85
6.78
.07
.06
.01
9.96
7.54
7.47
.08
.06
.01
100.0
72.6
71.5
1.1
.9
.2
10.56
7.67
7.55
.11
.10
.02
11.80
8.56
8.44
.13
.11
.02
100.0
76.9
76.3
.6
.5
.1
8.58
6.60
6.55
.05
.04
.01
9.42
7.24
7.18
.06
.05
.01
7.7
4.4
3.0
.3
.81
.46
.31
.03
.91
.52
.35
.03
6.4
3.6
2.5
.2
.55
.31
.21
.02
.60
.34
.24
.02
O FFICE W O RK ERS— 1977
Total com pensation........................................
Pay for working tim e .....................................................
Straight-time p a y ....................................................
Premium pay...........................................................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk ...........
Shift differentials.............................................
Pay for leave time (except sick leave)..........................
V acatio n s...............................................................
Holidays..................................................................
Civic and personal leave........................................
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds...................................................................
6.7
3.8
2.6
.2
.61
.35
.24
.02
.67
.38
.26
.02
(r)
( 1)
( 1)
.1
.01
.01
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
Employer expenditures for retirement program s..........
Social security........................................................
Private pension p lans.............................................
8.9
4.1
4.8
.81
.37
.43
.89
.41
.48
9.7
3.8
5.9
1.02
.40
.62
1.14
.45
.70
8.6
4.2
4.4
.74
.36
.38
.81
.40
.42
Employer expenditures for health benefit program s2....
Life, accident, and health insurance......................
Sick le a v e ..............................................................
Worker’s com pensation.........................................
5.2
3.6
1.2
.5
.47
.32
.11
.04
.52
.36
.12
.05
6.2
4.7
1.1
.4
.66
.50
.11
.05
.73
.55
.13
.05
4.8
3.2
1.2
.5
.42
.27
.10
.04
.46
.30
.11
.04
1.0
.9
.1
.08
.08
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs....................................................................
Unemployment insurance......................................
Severance p a y .......................................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unem
ployment benefit funds.......................................
1.0
.9
.1
.09
.08
.01
.10
.09
.01
1.0
.9
.1
.11
.09
.01
.12
.11
.01
D
.09
.09
.01
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
(M
( 1)
( 1)
Nonproduction bonuses................................................
Savings and thrift p lan s................................................
1.9
.4
.17
.04
.19
.04
1.9
.8
.20
.08
.22
.09
1.9
.3
.16
.03
.18
.03
W ages and salaries (gross payroll)3.............................
Supplements to wages and sa laries4...........................
85.6
14.4
7.74
1.30
8.52
1.43
83.4
16.6
8.80
1.75
9.84
1.96
86.4
13.6
7.42
1.17
8.14
1.28
See footnotes at end of table.
317
Table 132. Employee compensation, private nonagricultural economy, selected years, 1966-77—
Continued
All industries
Type of worker, year, and compensation practice
Percent
of
compen
sation
All hours
Nonmanufacturing
Manufacturing
Dollars per hour
Percent
of
compen
sation
Work
hours
Dollars per hour
All hours
Work
hours
Percent
of
compen
sation
Dollars per hour
Work
hours
All hours
NONOFFICE W O R K ER S— 1977
Total com pensation........................................
100.0
$6.49
$6.96
100.0
$7.11
$7.77
$6.49*
77.5
74.6
2.9
2.4
.4
5.03
4.85
.19
.16
.03
5.39
5.19
.20
.17
.03
74.8
70.9
3.9
3.1
.8
5.32
5.04
.28
.22
.06
5.81
5.51
.30
.24
.06
100.0
79.4
77.2
2.1
2.0
.2
$6.12
Pay for working tim e .....................................................
Straight-time p ay....................................................
Premium pay...........................................................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk ...........
Shift differentials..............................................
4.86
4.73
.13
.12
.01
5.15*
5.01
.14
.13
.01
Pay for leave time (except sick leave)..........................
V acatio ns...............................................................
Holidays..................................................................
Civic and personal leave........................................
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds...................................................................
5.6
3.0
2.1
.1
.36
.20
.13
.01
.39
.21
.14
.01
6.9
3.9
2.7
.2
.49
.28
.19
.01
.54
.30
.21
.01
4.6
2.4
1.6
.1
.28
.15
.10
.01
.30
.16
.11
.01
.3
.02
.02
.1
.01
.01
.4
.03
.03
Employer expenditures for retirement program s..........
Social security........................................................
Private pension p lan s.............................................
8.2
4.7
3.5
.53
.31
.23
.57
.33
.25
8.7
4.5
4.2
.62
.32
.30
.67
.35
.33
7.9
4.9
3.1
.48
.30
.19
.51
.32
.20
Employer expenditures health benefit program s1
2........
Life, accident, and health insu rance.....................
Sick le a v e ..............................................................
Worker’s com pensation.........................................
6.7
4.3
.6
1.8
.43
.28
.04
.12
.47
.30
.04
.13
7.5
5.5
.4
1.6
.54
.39
.03
.11
.59
.43
.03
.12
6.1
3.5
.7
2.0
.37
.21
.04
.12
.40
.22
.04
.13
1.5
1.4
( 1)
.10
.09
( 1)
.10
.10
( 1)
1.5
1.3
( 1)
.10
.09
( 1)
.11
.10
( 1)
1.5
1.5
( 1)
.09
.09
( 1)
.10
.10
( 1)
.1
( 1)
C1 )
.1
.01
.01
( 1)
( 1)
( 1)
Nonproduction bonuses................................................
Savings and thrift p la n s................................................
.4
.1
.02
.01
.03
.01
.4
.1
.03
.01
.03
.01
.3
.1
.02
( 1)
.02
( 1)
W ages and salaries (gross payroll)3.............................
Supplements to wages and sa laries4...........................
83.7
16.3
5.44
1.06
5.82
1.13
82.4
17.6
5.86
1.25
6.40
1.37
84.6
15.4
5.18
.94
5.49
1.00
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs....................................................................
Unemployment insurance......................................
Severance p a y .......................................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unem
ployment benefit funds.......................................
1 Less than 0.05 percent, or $0,005.
2 Includes other health benefit programs, principally State temporary dis
ability insurance, not presented separately.
3 Includes all direct payments to workers. They consist of pay for time
worked, pay for vacations, holidays, sick leave, and civic and personal
leave; severance pay; and nonproduction bonuses.
4 Includes all employer expenditures for compensation other than for
wages and salaries. They consist of expenditures for retirement programs
(including direct pay to pensioners under pay-as-you-go private pension
318
plans); expenditures for health benefit programs (except sick leave); ex
penditures for unemployment benefit programs (except severance pay);
payments to vacation and holiday funds; and payments to savings and thrift
>
plans.
5 Nonoffice workers in manufacturing are equivalent to production work
ers.
6 Relates to establishments employing 20 or more workers.
No
t e
t o t a ls .
: B ecause
of
r o u n d in g ,
sum s
of
in d iv id u a l
it e m s
m ay
not
equal
Table 133. Employee compensation, production and related workers, manufacturing industries,
selected years, 1959-77
Compensation practice
Percent
of
compen
sation
Dollars per hour
Work
hours
All hours
Percent
of
compen
sation
Dollars per hour
All hours
Work
hours
Percent
of
compen
sation
All hours
Work
hours
1966 1
1962
1959
Dollars per hour
Total com pensation........................................
100.0
$2.46
$2.61
100.0
$2.69
$2.85
100.0
$3.09
$3.30
Pay for working tim e.....................................................
Straight-time pay................................. ..................
Premium p a y ..........................................................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w ork...........
Shift differentials......... ..................................
85.4
81.5
3.9
3.1
.8
2.10
2.00
.10
.08
.02
2.23
2.13
.10
.08
.02
83.9
80.1
3.8
3.0
.8
2.26
2.16
.10
.08
.02
2.39
2.28
.11
.09
.02
*82.4
77.7
4.7
3.9
.8
2.55
2.40
.15
.12
.02
2.72
2.56
.16
.13
.03
Pay for leave time (except sick leave).........................
V acations................................................... ............
H olidays.................................................................
Civic and personal le a v e .......................................
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds...................................................................
5.2
3.3
1.9
(2)
.13
.08
.05
(2)
.14
.09
.05
( 2)
5.2
3.3
1.9
( 2)
.14
.09
.05
( 2)
.15
.09
.06
( 2)
5.6
3.4
2.0
.1
.17
.11
.06
( 2)
.18
.11
.07
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
(2)
( 2)
( 2)
(2)
.1
(2)
( 2)
Employer expenditures for retirement programs..........
Social security........................................................
Private pension plans.............................................
4.2
2.0
2.2
.11
.05
.06
.11
.05
.06
4.5
2.3
2.2
.12
.06
.06
.13
.07
.06
5.8
3.3
2.5
.18
.10
.08
.19
.11
.08
Employer expenditures for health benefit programs 3 ...
Life, accident, and health insurance.....................
Sick le a v e ..............................................................
Worker’s com pensation...................................... .
3.0
2.0
.2
.8
.08
.05
.01
.02
.08
.05
.01
.02
3.6
2.4
.3
.9
.10
.07
.01
.02
.11
.07
.01
.03
4.0
2.8
.2
1.0
.13
.09
.01
.03
.13
.09
.01
.04
1.5
1.3
(4)
.03
.03
(4)
.03
.03
(4)
2.2
1.9
(4)
.06
.05
(4)
.06
.05
(4)
1.5
1.3
( 2)
.04
.04
( 2)
.03
.05
( 2)
.2
( 2)
(2)
.3
.01
.01
.2
(2)
.01
.02
( 2)
.6
.1
.02
(2)
.02
(2)
2.56
.29
88.8
11.2
2.74
.35
2.93
.37
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs....................................................................
Unemployment insurance......................................
Severance p a y .......................................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unemployment benefit funds.......................................
Nonproduction b o n u se s...............................................
Savings and thrift p lans................................................
.5
( 2)
.01
(2)
.01
(2)
.6
.1
.02
( 2)
W ages and salaries (gross payroll)8............................
Supplements to wages and salaries6...........................
91.4
8.6
2.25
.21
2.38
.23
89.9
10.1
2.42
.27
1972
1970
1968
Total com pensation........................................
100.0
$3.44
$3.69
100.0
$3.92
$4.24
100.0
$4.51
$4.86
Pay for for working tim e...............................................
Straight-time pay....................................................
Premium p a y ..........................................................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk...........
Shift differentials.............................................
81.8
77.4
4.5
3.6
.9
2.82
2.66
.15
.13
.03
3.02
2.86
.17
.13
.03
80.1
76.2
4.0
3.2
.8
3.14
2.98
.16
.13
.03
3.39
3.23
.17
.14
.03
78.9
74.8
4.1.
3.4
.7
3.56
3.37
.19
.15
.03
3.84
3.64
.20
.17
.03
Pay for leave time (except sick leave).........................
V acations...............................................................
H olidays.................................................................
Civic and personal le a v e ........................... .........
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds...................................................................
5.9
3.6
2.1
.1
.20
.12
.07
(2)
.22
.13
.05
.01
6.5
3.9
2.4
.1
.25
.15
.09
.01
.27
.17
.10
.01
6.2
3.6
2.3
.1
.28
.16
.10
.01
.30
.17
.11
.01
.1
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
( 2)
.1
.01
.01
Employer expenditures for retirement programs..........
Social security........................................................
Private pension plans.............................................
6.2
3.5
2.6
.21
.12
.09
.23
.13
.10
6.5
3.7
2.9
.26
.14
.11
.28
.16
.12
7.2
3.9
3.3
.32
.18
.15
.35
.19
.16
Employer expenditures for health benefit programs3 ...
Life, accident, and health insurance.....................
Sick le a v e ..............................................................
Worker’s com pensation.........................................
4.5
3.1
.3
1.0
.15
.11
.01
.04
.17
.12
.01
.04
5.4
3.9
.4
1.0
.21
.15
.02
.04
.23
.16
.02
.04
5.8
4.2
.3
1.2
.26
.19
.02
.05
.28
.21
.02
.06
1.1
.9
( 2)
.04
.03
( 2)
.04
.03
( 2)
1.0
.8
( 2)
.04
.03
(2)
.04
.03
( 2)
1.3
1.1
.1
.06
.05
( 2)
.06
.05
( 2)
.2
.01
.01
.2
.01
.01
.2
.01
.01
Nonproduction b o n u se s...............................................
Savings and thrift plans................................................
.4
.1
.01
(2)
.02
(2)
.4
.1
.02
(2)
.02
(2)
.5
.1
.02
(2)
.02
(2)
W ages and salaries (gross payroll)8 ............................
Supplements to wages and salaries6...........................
88.4
11.6
3.04
.40
3.26
.43
87.4
12.6
3.42
.49
3.70
.53
85.9
14.1
3.87
.63
4.18
.68
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs....................................................................
Unemployment insurance......................................
Severance p a y .......................................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unem
ployment benefit funds.......................................
See footnotes at end of tables.
319
Table 133. Employee compensation, production and related workers, manufacturing industries,
selected years, 1959-77— Continued
Compensation practice
Percent
of
compen
sation
Dollars per hour
Work
hours
All hours
Percent
of
compen
sation
Dollars per hour
All hours
1974
Percent
of
compen
sation
Work
hours
Dollars per hour
All hours
Work
hours
1977
19767
Total com pensation........................................
100.0
$5.40
$5.88
100.0
$6.38
$6.98
100.0
$7.11
$7.77
Pay for working tim e .....................................................
Straight-time p ay ....................................................
Premium pay...........................................................
Overtime, weekend, and holiday w o rk ...........
Shift differentials........................ .....................
76.9
73.0
3.9
3.2
.7
4.15
3.94
.21
.17
.04
4.52
4.29
.23
.19
.04
75.2
71.7
3.5
2.9
.6
4.80
4.57
.22
.19
.04
5.25
5.00
.24
.20
.04
74.8
70.9
3.9
3.1
.8
5.32
5.04
.28
.22
.06
5.81
5.51
.30
.24
.06
Pay for leave time (except sick leave)..........................
V acatio n s...............................................................
Holidays..................................................................
Civic and personal leave........................................
Employer payments to vacation and holiday
funds...................................................................
6.8
3.8
2.6
.2
.37
.21
.14
.01
.40
.22
.15
.01
6.8
3.8
2.6
.2
.43
.24
.17
.01
.47
.27
.18
.01
6.9
3.9
2.7
.2
.49
.28
.19
.01
.54
.30
.21
.01
.1
.01
.01
.1
.01
.01
.1
.01
.01
Employer expenditures for retirement program s..........
Social security........................................................
Private pension p lans.............................................
8.2
4.6
3.5
.44
.25
.19
.48
.27
.21
8.5
4.5
4.1
.54
.28
.26
.60
.31
.28
8.7
4.5
4.2
.62
.32
.30
.67
.35
.33
Employer expenditures for health benefit programs *....
Life, accident, and health insu rance.....................
Sick le a v e ..............................................................
Worker’s com pensation.........................................
6.4
4.7
.4
1.2
.34
.25
.02
.06
.37
.28
.03
.07
7.4
5.3
.6
1.5
.47
.34
.04
.09
.51
.37
.04
.10
7.5
5.5
.4
1.6
.54
.39
.03
.11
.59
.43
.03
.12
1.3
1.1
( 1)
2
.07
.06
(24
)
.08
.06
(2)
1.6
1.3
.2
.10
.08
.01
.11
.09
.01
1.5
1.3
( 2)
.10
.09
(2)
.11
.10
( 2)
.2
.01
.01
.1
( 2)
( 2)
.1
.01
.01
Nonproduction bonuses................................................
Savings and thrift p la n s................................................
.4
.1
.02
( 2)
.02
( 2)
.5
.1
.03
(2)
.03
(2)
.4
.1
.03
.01
.03
.01
Wages and salaries (gross payroll)5.............................
Supplements to wages and sa laries6...........................
84.4
15.6
4.56
.84
4.96
.92
83.1
16.9
5.30
1.08
5.80
1.18
82.4
17.6
5.86
1.25
6.40
1.37
Employer expenditures for unemployment benefit
programs....................................................................
Unemployment insurance......................................
Severance p a y .......................................................
Severance pay funds and supplemental unem
ployment benefit funds.......................................
1 1966 data revised in 1970.
2 Less than 0.05 percent, or $0,005.
3 Includes other health benefit programs, principally State temporary dis
ability insurance, not presented separately.
4 Data not obtained separately for this item.
5 W ages and salaries include all direct payments to workers. They consist
of pay for time worked: pay for vacations, holidays, sick leave, and civic and
personal leave; severance pay; and nonproduction bonuses.
6 Supplements to wages and salaries include all employer expenditures
320
for compensation other than for wages and salaries. They consist of ex
penditures for retirement programs (including direct pay to pensioners under
pay-as-you-go private pension plans); expenditures for health benefit pro
grams (except sick leave); expenditures for unemployment benefit programs
(except severance pay); payments to vacation and holiday funds; and pay
ments to savings and thrift plans.
7 Relates to establishments employing 20 or more workers.
N
o t e
t o t a ls .
: B ecause
of
r o u n d in g ,
su m s
of
in d iv id u a l
it e m s
m ay
not
equal
Technical Notes
Prices and Living Conditions
Consumer Prices
(Covers tables 134-138)
The Consumer Price Index (CPI) measures the
average change in prices of goods and services pur
chased by consumers for day-to-day living. The
weights used in calculating the index, which remain
fixed for relatively long periods, are based on studies
of actual expenditures by consumers. The quantities
and qualities of the sample items in the “market
basket” remain essentially the same between consecu
tive pricing periods, so that the index measures only
the effect of price change on the cost of living. The
index does not measure changes in the total amount
families spend for living; geographic area indexes do
not measure relative differences in prices or living
costs between areas.
A study conducted during 1917-19 provided the
weights for 1913 to 1935. Since then, the index has
undergone five major revisions, which involved
bringing the “market basket” of goods and services up
to date, revising the weights, and improving the
outlet sample and methodology. The fifth major revi
sion of the C P I1was completed with release of January
1978 data. In addition to the release of a revised CPI
for urban wage earners and clerical workers, a new
index for all urban consumers, including salaried work
ers, the self-employed, the retired, and the unemployed,
as well as wage earners and clerical workers, was
introduced. Both indexes reflect new weights relating
to expenditures in 1972-73.
Since January 1978, approximately 224 sets of items
called item-strata have been priced for the CPI’s.
These fairly broad categories of goods and services
are exhaustively defined in checklists. The original se
lection of the specific items to be priced in a specific
retail store is generally accomplished by a data collec
tor using the checklist in systematic stages that take
sales information provided by the respondent into ac
count in each stage. After the initial selection, the
same item (or a close substitute) is priced from period
to period so that, as far as possible, differences in re
ported prices are measures of price change only. All
taxes directly associated with the purchase or contin
ued use of the items priced are included in the
indexes.
The national indexes for the fifth revision of the
CPI are based on prices collected in 85 primary sam
pling units which include central cities, suburbs, and
urbanized places within 25 miles of a selected county
or selected group of contiguous counties. Prices are
also collected outside of the primary sampling units to
represent out-of-town purchases. Foods, fuels, rents,
and a few other items are priced monthly in all areas.
Prices of most other commodities and services are ob
tained monthly in the five largest areas and bimonthly
in the remaining areas. Between scheduled survey
dates, prices are held at the level of their last pricing.
Price data for the 85 areas are combined for the
United States with weights based on the 1970 popula
tion of the areas represented by each sample area. In
dexes are published for a wide variety of commodities
and services, by region, by size of city, for cross-clas
sifications of regions and class population size, and for
28 separate areas, usually consisting of the Standard
Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA), exclusive of
farms. L.A.-Long Beach, Anaheim, Calif., is a combi
nation of two SMSA’s, and N.Y.-Northeastern N.J.
and Chicago, 111.-Northwestern Ind. are the more ex
tensive Standard Consolidated Areas.2
Table 134. The purchasing power of the consumer
dollar (1967 = $1) for any given date is calculated as
the reciprocal of the index for that date, expressed in
dollars. It shows changes in the value of the 1967
dollar resulting from changes in prices of consumer
goods and services. Purchasing power of the dollar
with reference to other bases can be calculated by di-
2
Methods of calculating indexes by population-size group (and
A detailed description of the old CPI is contained in the C o n areas included) are outlined in “New Consumer Price Indexes by
su m e r P rice In d ex : H isto ry a n d Techniques, BLS Bulletin 1517
Size of City” M o n th ly L a b o r R eview , Aug. 1972, pp. 3-8. For an
(1966). For further information about the revised CPI, see BLS
explanation of regional indexes, see “Measuring Regional Price
Report 517, The C o n su m e r P rice In d ex : C on cepts a n d C o n te n t O ver
Changes in Urban Areas,” M o n th ly L a b o r R e v ie w Reprint 2920, Oct.
1973.
th e Y ears (1977).
http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/
321
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1
viding the index for the desired base date by the index
for the current date and expressing the result in dol
lars.
Table 137. The relative importance figures shown in
this table are percentage distributions of the cost or
value weights used in the index calculation. At the
time of their introduction, after a major weight revi
sion, the cost weights represent average expenditures
for specific classes of goods and services by consum
ers. However, in subsequent pricing periods, the value
weights and the corresponding relative importance
figures change as prices change differentially; i.e., the
relative importance increases for an item or group
having a greater than average price increase and de
creases for one having a less than average price in
crease. Since the index measures only price change,
the cost weights eventually become unrepresentative
of actual expenditures and must be revised on the
basis of new surveys of consumer expenditures.
Table 138. Annual average indexes for items other
than food have been based on quarterly data from
1947 to 1968 and monthly data since January 1969.
Since 1964, quarterly and monthly indexes for non
food items have been based on the latest available
prices in all cities in the sample. For example, an
index for December includes prices in all cities sur
veyed in December, as well as prices in those cities
surveyed quarterly in October and November. From
1947 to 1963, quarterly indexes were based only on
prices in the cities surveyed in March, June, Septem
ber, and December. Since 1978, bimonthly and
monthly indexes for nonfood items have been based
on the latest available prices in all cities in the sample.
For example, an index for December includes prices
in all cities surveyed in December, as well as prices in
those cities surveyed bimonthly in November.
Selected area and size group indexes show only dif
ferent rates of price change among areas or size
groups. They do not show whether prices are higher
in one area or size group than in another.
Producer Prices
(Covers tables 139-142)
Producer Price Indexes measure average changes in
prices received in primary markets of the United
States by producers of commodities in all stages of
processing. The sample used for calculating these in
dexes contains nearly 2,800 commodities and about
1 0 , 0 0 0 quotations selected to represent the movement
of prices of all commodities produced in the manufac
turing, agriculture, forestry, fishing, mining, gas and
electricity, and public utilities sectors. The universe
includes all commodities produced or imported for
322
sale in commercial transactions in primary markets in
the United States.
To the extent possible, prices used in calculating
the indexes apply to the first significant commercial
transaction in the United States, from the production
or central marketing point. Price data are generally
collected monthly, primarily by mail questionnaire.
Respondents are asked to provide net prices or to
provide all applicable discounts. The Bureau attempts
to base indexes on actual transaction prices; however,
list or book prices are used if transaction prices are
not available. Most prices are obtained directly from
producing companies on a voluntary and confidential
basis, but some prices are taken from trade publica
tions or from other government agencies. Prices gen
erally are reported for the Tuesday of the week con
taining the 13th day of the month.
In calculating Producer Price Indexes, price
changes for the various commodities are averaged to
gether with weights representing their importance in
the total net selling value of all commodities. The
weighting structure is revised periodically when ade
quate resources and data from industrial censuses
become available. Since January 1976, weights have
been based on 1972 shipment values. From January
1967 through December 1975, 1963 shipment values
were used as weights.
Producer Price Indexes can be organized by stage
of processing, by commodity, or by durability of
product. The stage of processing structure organizes
products by degree of^fabrication (i.e., finished goods,
intermediate or semifinished goods, and crude materi
als). The commodity structure organizes products by
similarity of end-use or material composition. Durabil
ity of product indexes were constructed to provide
price indexes to be used in conjunction with impor
tant economic series, such as production or inventory
data, which are classified according to durability.
Each index measures price changes from a reference
period which equals 100.0 (currently 1967 in most
cases, as designated by the Office of Management and
Budget).
Producer Price Indexes are used for many pur
poses, including escalation of long-term sales and pur
chases contracts, measurement of general economic
price trends, and market analysis. Indexes are current
ly published in the Bureau’s monthly report, Producer
Prices and Price Indexes.
Industry sector price indexes
Industry sector price indexes were inaugurated with
an article by Bennet R. Moss in the August 1965 issue
of the Monthly Labor Review. This article presented
price indexes for about 50 4-digit Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) industries with annual averages
for 1957 through 1963. Indexes for selected SIC in
dustries and related census product classes are cur
rently published in Producer Prices and Price
Indexes.
Two types of industry price indexes are published:
4-digit SIC industry output price indexes and 5-digit
census product class indexes. The output index is an
index of the primary and secondary products pro
duced in the industry weighted by value of shipments
originating within the industry. This index is relevant
to economic studies which require comparisons of in
dustry price movements with other industry-based sta
tistics such as employment, earnings, value of ship
ments, and production. For example, an important use
of this index is to deflate value of shipments data to
derive a measure of industry output in constant dol
lars. The product class index is weighted by total
value of shipments for the product regardless of in
dustry of origin (wherever-made) and hence is a com
modity rather than an industry classification. The 4digit output index is built up from the 5-digit product
indexes weighted by value of shipments originating in
the industry. (Shipment data by industry of origin are
not available below the 5-digit level.)
Since January 1976, weights for the indexes are the
1972 value of shipments obtained from the Census of
Manufactures, the Census of Mineral Industries, and
data of the U.S. Department of Agriculture. Values
include those for interplant transfers, goods processed
and consumed in the same establishment, and goods
sold for export. Values of imported commodities are
not included. The weighting structure is revised when
the weighting structure of Producer Price Indexes is
updated.
The selection of items to be priced is purposive
rather than being based on probability sampling tech
niques. As a rough guide to the adequacy of our cur
rent sampling techniques, the immediate objective is
to represent at least 50 percent of the total wherevermade value of the commodities included in each 5digit census product class. At the 4-digit industry
level, the publication criteria are as follows: For those
product classes which meet the 50-percent standard,
the primary production for that industry is added to
the production for all published secondary products.
This aggregation is compared with the total value of
primary and secondary shipments for the industry.
Approximately 85 percent of the total should be rep
resented in order to publish a particular industry
index.
Because the current price collection for the indus
try-price program initially was designed around the
commodity structure of Producer Price Indexes, the
sample in most industries is not strong enough to
permit publication of industry indexes. As of Decem
ber 1966, only 52 industries were covered adequately.
By January 1980, 162 industries were covered suffi
323
ciently. Further extension of industry coverage will
occur as resources permit.
At present, industry indexes continue to be limited
by the coverage-—
commodity and class of customer—
of Producer Price Indexes. It must be assumed that
the prices collected, generally at the primary market
level, are comparable with the market level of sales
represented by the census value data used as weights.
Since these data include values of interplant transfers
and values of goods produced and consumed within
the same industry, it must also be assumed that
changes in those values are represented by price
movements of goods in commercial markets.
Import and Export Prices
(Covers tables 143 and 144)
U.S. import and export price indexes measure the
average change in prices for U.S. imports and exports
of nonmilitary products. These indexes, the only in
dexes of prices related to the U.S. foreign trade
sector, provide quarterly measures of the price trend
of U.S. products sold abroad and of products import
ed by the United States from other countries. The in
ternational price program is in an expansion phase;
published indexes as of September 1979 cover 60 per
cent of the value of exports and 37 percent of the
value of imports.
Prices used in constructing the indexes are collect
ed for the third month of each calendar quarter by
mail questionnaire directly from exporters or import
ers, and in a few cases, from brokers. Reporting is ini
tiated through personal visits by BLS field economists
after the establishments have been selected on a prob
ability basis from Shippers’ Export Declarations and
Consumption Entry Forms. Reporters’ actual transac
tion prices are collected, net of all discounts,
allowances, rebates, etc. To the extent possible, these
are prices at the U.S. border for exports, and at both
the foreign border and the U.S. border for imports.
Published categories are based on the nomenclature of
the Standard International Trade Classification
System (SITC), a United Nations product classifica
tion system.
Value weights used in calculating the indexes are
based on dollar values for 1975 compiled by the
Bureau of the Census for 7-digit product categories of
exports and imports. For export price indexes below
the 3-digit category level, price relatives in each 7digit Schedule B category are weighted by the value
of exports in that category during the weight base
period. Similarly for import price indexes below the
3-digit category level, price relatives are weighted by
the value of imports in each 7-digit TSUSA (Tariff
Schedule of the United States Annotated) category
during the weight base period. Indexes for 3-digit and
higher aggregates use weights at the 4-digit level and
correspondingly higher levels. Weights are updated
periodically to insure that the index weights reflect
current trade patterns.
Consumer Expenditures
(Covers tables 145-149)
Surveys of consumer expenditures and income are
periodically undertaken by the BLS to gather data
necessary to revise the market basket and item sample
for the Consumer Price Index. Aside from this
important objective, the survey provides the only
comprehensive body of income and expenditure infor
mation available for satisfying the broad range of ana
lytical activities that exist in this area. The 1972-73
Consumer Expenditure Survey (CE) extended this
tradition.
The 1972-73 CE consisted of two separate compo
nents, each with its own questionnaire and sample: (1)
A quarterly interview panel survey in which each
family in the sample was visited by an interviewer
every 3 months over a 15-month period, and (2) a
diary or recordkeeping survey completed by respond
ents for two consecutive 1-week periods. The data
were derived from reports of over 40,000 sample fam
ilies who were asked to participate in the diary com
ponent or the interview component of the survey (i.e.,
20,000 in each survey). Sample families participated in
the diary survey for two consecutive 1-week periods
from the last week in June 1972 to the third week in
June 1974. In the interview, sample families partici
pated for either the 1972 or 1973 calendar years.
Unlike previous surveys, the collection of data was
carried out by the Bureau of the Census under con
tract to the Bureau of Labor Statistics.
The decision to adopt the diary/quarterly-interview
design was based on testing of collection methodolo
gy performed by the BLS and by the Survey Re
search Laboratory of the University of Illinois. These
tests and the experience of other countries revealed
that high quality data could be obtained in the 1972-73
CE if questionnaires were tailored so that informa
tion on larger and more easily recalled expenditures
were collected by periodic recall and small, frequent
ly purchased, less expensive items were collected by
day-to-day recordkeeping.
Description of tabular data
The survey data, shown as annual averages over
the 2-year survey period, reflect a complete account
of consumer expenditures and income.1 The data are
presented in five tables which classify families by
family income before taxes, family size, age of family
1
All tabulations in this bulletin integrate or combine data from
the quarterly interview survey and diary survey. The methodology
of the integration can be found in BLS Bulletin 1992, available
from BLS regional offices or from the Government Printing Office.
Bulletin 1992 also contains a complete description and historical
background of the 1972-73 CE as well as information on data col
lection
and processing and on the reliability of collected data.
324
head, race of family head, and region of residence.
The data shown for current consumption items do
not include gifts to organizations or to persons outside
the family. All gift expenditures are summed and tab
ulated in a separate category as gifts and contribu
tions. Gift expenditures as a proportion of consump
tion expenditures tend to vary by consumption cate
gory. For example, the proportion of total clothing
expenditures devoted to gifts is likely to be greater
than the proportion of total furniture expenditures de
voted to gifts. Also excluded from current consump
tion are expenses for personal insurance, which are in
cluded in a separate line item.
Certain expenditures are tabulated by function. For
example, gasoline appears under transportation and
also under recreation as part of vacations and trips.
Total gasoline is the sum of the two parts. Other com
ponents that are treated similarly are food, alcoholic
beverages, lodging, and other transportation.
An individual family may spend more or less than
the average, depending on its particular set of charac
teristics. For example, table 145 shows that all
families in the United States spent, on an average,
$50.82 per year on household textiles, while the aver
age for all three-person families was $57.09. Even
among families having similar characteristics, expendi
tures may differ substantially. Users should also keep
in mind that prices for many goods and services have
risen sharply since the survey was conducted.
Certain income and financial data contain values
with negative signs. These occur either because of
special processing requirements, or because losses or
reductions in value were recorded. For example, net
income from own business and own farm have nega
tive signs when losses were experienced; and data for
assets and liabilities may have negative signs to reflect
reductions in these items. To compute the net change
in assets and liabilities as a group, the user should sub
tract the liability value, with its sign, from the asset
value, with its sign. The items which have negative
signs only because of special processing requirements
are personal taxes, union dues, occupational expenses,
and mortgage principal payments.
While there is a direct correspondence between
many items published in this bulletin and similarly de
fined items appearing in reports from the 1960-61
Survey of Consumer Expenditures, some definitional
differences do exist. A complete matchup of items
from the two survey periods—showing definitional
equivalence between items—can be found in BLS
Bulletin 1992.
Family Budgets
(Covers tables 150-161)
The budgets for both the four-person family and
the retired couple are estimates of the total costs of
representative lists of goods and services based on the
manner of living and consumer choices in the 1960’s.
They provide three levels of living described as
lower, intermediate, and higher for each of the family
types in urban areas of the United States.
The quantities of goods and services included in the
budgets were derived from two kinds of data: (1) Nu
tritional and health standards determined by scientists
and technicians; and (2) analytical studies of the data
reported in surveys of consumer expenditures. Nutri
tional and health standards were used for food, hous
ing, and medical care components. For other catego
ries of consumption the analytical technique devel
oped relied on the collective judgments of families as
to the kinds and amounts of consumption required,
rather than upon objective standards.
In the determination of budget costs, the levels of
prices paid for items are as important as the quantities
bought. Pricing descriptions of items were developed
to control the levels of average prices used in each
budget. For many of the items in the lower and
higher budgets, average price levels were estimated
by a variety of techniques. For most items in the
three budgets, cost is the product of quantities times
price. However, for some items, only an estimated
cost was obtained, either by updating the original
survey cost by change in the Consumer Price Index,
or by calculating the ratio of costs of other items
based on the ratio reflected in the basic survey. Taxes
were calculated on the income earned by self-sup
porting families to maintain the specified levels of
consumption.
The 1979 estimates of consumption were derived by
applying price changes from the previous year, re
ported in the Consumer Price Index, to the cost of
each main budget class of goods and services. This
method of updating provides only an approximation
of current budget costs, because the Consumer Price
Index reflects spending patterns and prices paid for
commodities and services purchased by wage earners
and clerical workers generally without regard to their
family type and level of living. Personal taxes for the
four-person family were computed from tax rates in
effect in 1979. Personal taxes were not included in the
1978 retired couple’s budget.
The intercity indexes based on the BLS budgets,
within each level of living, reflect differences among
areas in price levels, climatic or regional differences
in the quantities and types of items required to pro
vide the specified level, and differences in State and
local taxes. Intercity indexes are comparative living
cost indexes and not comparative price indexes. Dif
ferences in housing costs are based on average costs
of occupied-owned or rented dwellings. The differ
ences in the cost of food reflect differences in price
levels as well as differences in regional preference
patterns in the choice of food.
For a complete report on family budgets, see BLS
Bulletins 1570-5 and -6.
325
Table 134. Consumer Price Indexes,1 selected groups, and purchasing power of the consumer dollar,
1913-79
[1967 = 100]
Year
All items
Food
Purchasing
power of
Rent,
Apparel and
consumer dollar
upkeep
residential
1967=$1.00
1913...........
1914...........
29.7
30.1
29.2
29.8
49.6
49.6
29.2
29.4
336.7
332.2
1915...........
1916...........
1917...........
1918...........
1919...........
30.4
32.7
38.4
45.1
51.8
29.4
33.1
42.6
49.0
54.6
49.9
50.5
50.1
51.0
55.2
30.1
33.0
39.6
53.6
71.1
328.9
305.8
260.4
221.7
193.1
1920...........
1921...........
1922...........
1923...........
1924...........
60.0
53.6
50.2
51.1
51.2
61.5
48.7
43.7
45.1
44.7
64.9
74.5
76.7
78.6
81.5
84.6
65.2
53.0
53.1
52.6
166.7
186.6
199.2
195.7
195.3
1925...........
1926...........
1927...........
1928...........
1929...........
52.5
53.0
52.0
51.3
51.3
48.4
50.0
48.2
47.7
48.3
81.8
81.0
79.7
77.8
76.0
51.6
50.8
49.7
49.0
48.5
190.5
188.7
192.3
194.9
194.9
1930...........
1931...........
1932...........
1933...........
1934...........
50.0
45.6
40.9
38.8
40.1
45.9
37.8
31.5
30.6
34.1
73.9
70.0
62.8
54.1
50.7
47.5
43.2
38.2
36.9
40.4
200.0
219.3
244.5
257.7
249.4
1935...........
1936...........
1937...........
1938...........
1939...........
41.1
41.5
43.0
42.2
41.6
36.5
36.9
38.4
35.6
34.6
50.6
51.9
54.2
56.0
56.0
40.8
41.1
43.2
43.0
42.4
243.3
241.0
232.6
237.0
240.4
1940...........
1941...........
1942...........
1943...........
1944...........
42.0
44.1
48.8
51.8
52.7
35.2
38.4
45.1
50.3
49.6
56.2
57.2
58.5
58.5
58.6
42.8
44.8
52.3
54.6
58.5
238.1
226.8
204.9
193.1
189.8
1945...........
1946...........
1947...........
1948...........
1949...........
53.9
58.5
66.9
72.1
71.4
50.7
58.1
70.6
76.6
73.5
58.8
59.2
61.1
65.1
68.0
61.5
67.5
78.2
83.3
80.1
Year
185.5
170.9
149.5
138.7
140.1
Food
Purchasing
power of
Rent,
Apparel and
consumer dollar
upkeep
residential
1967=$1.00
1950...........
1951...........
1952...........
1953...........
1954...........
72.1
77.8
79.5
80.1
80.5
74.5
82.8
84.3
83.0
82.8
70.4
73.2
76.2
80.3
83.2
79.0
86.1
85.3
84.6
84.5
138.7
128.5
125.8
124.8
124.2
1955...........
1956...........
1957...........
1958...........
1959...........
80.2
81.4
84.3
86.6
87.3
81.6
82.2
84.9
88.5
87.1
84.3
85.9
87.5
89.1
90.4
84.1
85.8
87.3
87.5
88.2
124.7
122.9
118.6
115.5
114.5
1960...........
1961...........
1962...........
1963...........
1964...........
88.7
89.6
90.6
91.7
92.9
88.0
89.1
89.9
91.2
92.4
91.7
92.9
94.0
95.0
95.9
89.6
90.4
90.9
91.9
92.7
112.7
111.6
110.4
109.1
107.6
1965...........
1966...........
1967...........
1968...........
1969...........
94.5
97.2
100.0
104.2
109.8
94.4
99.1
100.0
103.6
108.9
96.9
98.2
100.0
102.4
105.7
93.7
96.1
100.0
105.4
111.5
105.8
102.9
100.0
96.0
91.1
1970...........
1971...........
1972...........
1973...........
1974...........
116.3
121.3
125.3
133.1
147.7
114.9
118.4
123.5
141.4
161.7
110.1
115.2
119.2
124.3
130.6
116.1
119.8
122.3
126.8
136.2
86.0
82.4
79.9
75.2
67.8
1975...........
1976...........
1977...........
161.2
170.5
181.5
175.4
180.8
192.2
137.3
144.7
153.5
142.3
147.6
154.2
62.1
58.7
55.1
1978...........
1979...........
195.4
217.4
Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consum ers1
211.4
234.5
164.0
176.0
159.6
166.6
51.2
46.1
Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical
W orkers1
1978...........
1979...........
1 Beginning in Jan. 1978, B LS began publishing CPI’s for two population
groups: 1) A new CPI for All Urban Consumers (CPI-U) which covers
approximately 80 percent of the total noninstitutional civilian population; and
All items
195.3
217.7
211.2
234.7
163.9
175.9
159.5
166.4
51.2
46.0
2) a revised CPI for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) which
represents about half the population covered by the CPI-U.
326
Table 135. The Consumer Price Indexes,1 and major groups, 1935-79
[1967=100)
Year
All items
Food and
beverages
Apparel and
upkeep
Housing
Transporta
tion
Medical
care
Entertain
ment
Other
goods and
services
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
37.0
38.0
39.9
41.1
42.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
50.3
55.5
61.8
66.4
68.2
44.4
48.1
51.1
52.7
53.7
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
86.1
85.3
84.6
84.5
84.1
72.5
77.3
79.5
78.3
77.4
56.3
59.3
61.4
63.4
64.8
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
78.8
83.3
86.0
89.6
89.6
67.2
69.9
73.2
76.4
79.1
_
—
—
85.8
87.3
87.5
88.2
89.6
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
90.4
90.9
91.9
92.7
93.7
90.6
92.5
93.0
94.3
95.9
81.4
83.5
85.6
87.3
89.5
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
97.2
100.0
104.2
109.8
116.3
_
100.0
103.6
108.8
114.7
_
100.0
104.0
110.4
118.2
96.1
100.0
105.4
111.5
116.1
97.2
100.0
103.2
107.2
112.7
93.4
100.0
106.1
113.4
120.6
_
100.0
105.7
111.0
116.7
_
100.0
105.2
110.4
116.8
1971.......................................................
1972...................... ................................
1973.......................................................
1974.......................................................
1975.......................................................
121.3
125.3
133.1
147.7
161.2
118.3
123.2
139.5
158.7
172.1
123.4
128.1
133.7
148.8
164.5
119.8
122.3
126.8
136.2
142.3
118.6
119.9
123.8
137.7
150.6
128.4
132.5
137.7
150.5
168.6
122.9
126.5
130.0
139.8
152.2
122.4
127.5
132.5
142.0
153.9
1976.......................................................
1977.......................................................
170.5
181.5
177.4
188.0
174.6
186.5
147.6
154.2
165.5
177.2
184.7
202.4
159.8
167.7
162.7
172.2
176.6
188.5
183.3
196.7
176.2
187.7
183.2
196.3
1935.......................................................
1936.......................................................
1937.......................................................
1938.......................................................
1939.......................................................
1940.......................................................
41.1
41.5
43.0
42.2
41.6
42.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
40.8
41.1
43.2
43.0
42.4
42.8
42.6
43.0
43.7
44.0
43.0
42.7
36.1
36.3
36.6
36.7
36.7
36.8
1941.......................................................
1942.......................................................
1943.......................................................
1944.......................................................
1945.......................................................
44.1
48.8
51.8
52.7
53.9
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
44.8
52.3
54.6
58.5
61.5
44.2
48.1
47.9
47.9
47.8
1946.......................................................
1947.......................................................
1948................................................. .....
1949.......................................................
1950.......................................................
58.5
66.9
72.1
71.4
72.1
_
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
67.5
78.2
83.3
80.1
79.0
1951.......................................................
1952.......................................................
1953.......................................................
1954.......................................................
1955.......................................................
77.8
79.5
80.1
80.5
80.2
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
1956.......................................................
1957.......................................................
1958.......................................................
1959.......................................................
1960.......................................................
81.4
84.3
86.6
87.3
88.7
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
1961.......................................................
1962.......................................................
1963.......................................................
1964.......................................................
1965.......................................................
89.6
90.6
91.7
92.9
94.5
1966.......................................................
1967.......................................................
1968.............. ........................................
1969.......................................................
1970.......................................................
—
_
Consumer Price Index for all Urban Consumers
1978.......................................................
1979.......................................................
195.4
217.4
206.3
228.5
202.8
227.6
159.6
166.6
185.5
212.0
219.4
239.7
Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers
1978.......................................................
1979......................................................
195.3
217.7
206.2
228.7
202.6
227.5
See footnote 1, table 134.
327
159.5
166.4
185.8
212.8
219.4
240.1
Table 136. The Consumer Price Indexes,1 commodity, service, and special groups, 1935-79
[1967=100]
Year
All items
Commodities
Food and
beverages
Nondurables
Commodities Nondurables
Apparel
less food
less food
less food,
and
and
commodities beverages
beverages
and apparel
beverages
Durables
—
45.2
45.8
48.7
49.6
48.5
48.1
46.0
46.5
48.5
48.5
47.7
48.0
43.1
43.5
45.3
45.0
44.3
44.7
_
—
—
—
—
51.4
58.4
60.3
65.9
70.9
50.4
56.0
58.4
61.6
64.1
46.7
51.6
53.8
56.6
58.6
69.5
80.4
85.4
82.0
81.1
_
—
—
—
—
74.1
80.3
86.2
87.4
88.4
68.1
76.8
82.7
81.5
81.4
62.9
72.2
77.8
76.3
76.2
88.7
87.7
86.7
86.3
85.8
_
—
—
—
—
95.1
96.4
95.7
93.3
91.5
87.5
88.3
88.5
87.5
86.9
82.0
82.4
83.1
83.5
83.5
87.3
88.2
88.2
89.0
90.3
_
—
—
—
91.5
94.4
95.9
97.3
96.7
87.8
90.5
91.5
92.7
93.1
85.3
87.6
88.2
89.3
90.7
90.8
91.2
92.0
92.8
93.6
_
—
—
—
—
96.6
97.6
97.9
98.8
98.4
93.4
94.1
94.8
95.6
96.2
91.2
91.8
92.7
93.5
94.8
_
193 5 .................
1 9 3 6 ................
1 9 3 7 ................
1 9 3 8 .................
1 9 3 9 ................
19 4 0 .................
41.1
41.5
43.0
42.2
41.6
42 0
40.5
41.0
42.6
41.0
40.2
40.6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
41.3
41.8
44.1
43.7
43.0
43.5
—
—
—
—
1 9 4 1 ................
19 4 2 .................
19 4 3 .................
1 9 4 4 ................
1 9 4 5 .................
44.1
48.8
51.8
52.7
53.9
43.3
49.6
54.0
54.7
56.3
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
45.8
53.5
55.9
59.8
63.0
1 9 4 6 .................
194 7 .................
1 9 4 8 .................
1 9 4 9 .................
1 9 5 0 .................
58.5
66.9
72.1
71.4
72.1
62.4
75.0
80.4
78.3
78.8
_
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
1 9 5 1 .................
19 5 2 .................
19 5 3 .................
1 9 5 4 .................
1 9 5 5 .................
77.8
79.5
80.1
80.5
80.2
85.9
87.0
86.7
85.9
85.1
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
195 6 .................
1 9 5 7 .................
1 9 5 8 .................
1 9 5 9 .................
1 9 6 0 .................
81.4
84.3
86.6
87.3
88.7
85.9
88.6
90.6
90.7
91.5
_
_
_
—
—
—
1 9 6 1 .................
1 9 6 2 .................
196 3 .................
196 4 .................
1 9 6 5 .................
89.6
90.6
91.7
92.9
94.5
92.0
92.8
93.6
94.6
95.7
19 6 6 .................
1 9 6 7 .................
1 9 6 8 .................
19 6 9 .................
1 9 7 0 .................
97.2
100.0
104.2
109.8
116.3
19 7 1 .................
1 9 7 2 .................
197 3 .................
1 9 7 4 ..............
1 9 7 5 .................
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
__
—
—
—
—
_
—
__
—
—
98.2
100.0
103.7
108.4
113.5
_
100.0
103.6
108.8
114.7
_
100.0
103.7
108.1
112.6
100.0
104.1
109.0
113.2
96.0
100.0
105.6
111.9
116.5
100.0
103.1
106.9
110.9
98.5
100.0
103.1
107.0
111.8
97.5
100.0
103.7
108.1
112.5
97.0
100.0
104.1
108.8
113.1
121.3
125.3
133.1
147.7
161.2
117.4
120.9
129.9
145.5
158.4
118.3
123.2
139.5
1.58.7
172.1
116.8
119.5
123.6
136.9
149.6
117.0
119.9
125.0
142.0
152.8
120.1
122.7
127.1
136.1
141.2
114.9
117.9
123.6
146.2
161.1
116.5
118.9
121.9
130.6
145.5
116.8
119.4
123.5
136.6
149.1
117.0
119.8
124.8
140.9
151.7
1 9 7 6 .................
1 9 7 7 .................
170.5
181.5
165.2
174.7
177.4
188.0
157.3
166.0
159.6
168.4
145.8
151.6
169.5
180.2
154.3
163.2
156.6
165.1
158.3
166.5
19 7 8
1979
195.4
217.4
173.9
191.1
174.7
195.1
174.3
198.7
173.8
190.4
174.6
195.2
174.4
199.8
—
_
Commodities Nondurables
less food
less food
—
—
—
—
_
Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers
.......
.......
187.1
208.4
206.3
228.5
175.7
196.4
176.3
201.6
155.7
161.1
190.2
226.0
Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers
1978
1979
.......
.......
195.3
217.7
187.0
208.7
206.2
228.7
175.6
196.5
176.4
202.7
See footnote at end of table.
328
155.7
161.2
190.2
227.1
Table 136. The Consumer Price Index,1 commodity, service, and special groups, 1935-79—Continued
[1967 = 100]
Year
Nondurables
Nondurables
less food
and apparel
Services
Rent,
residential
Services
less rent
Household
Transporta Medical care
services less tion services
services
rent
Services
less medical
care
Other
services
193 5 .................
1 9 3 6 .................
193 7 .................
1 9 3 8 .................
1939 ................
19 4 0 .................
45.4
45.9
47.0
46.9
46.3
46.8
39.0
39.6
41.1
39.2
38.4
38.9
40.9
41.3
42.6
43.4
43.5
43.6
50.6
51.9
54.2
56.0
56.0
56.2
37.6
37.4
37.8
38.1
38.1
38.1
36.3
36.0
35.7
36.0
36.1
36.1
31.8
31.9
32.3
32.4
32.5
32.5
_
_
—
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1941 ................
19 4 2 ................
1 9 4 3 ................
1 9 4 4 .................
19 4 5 ................
48.4
51.1
53.2
54.7
55.8
41.6
47.6
51.8
52.2
53.7
44.2
45.6
46.4
47.5
48.2
57.2
58.5
58.5
58.6
58.8
38.6
40.3
42.1
44.2
45.1
_
—
—
—
—
36.3
38.2
38.2
38.2
38.2
32.7
33.7
35.4
36.9
37.9
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
19 4 6 ................
1 9 4 7 ................
194 8 ................
194 9 ................
195 0 ................
58.2
66.2
72.3
72.4
72.9
59.6
71.9
77.2
74.9
75.4
49.1
51.1
54.3
56.9
58.7
59.2
61.1
65.1
68.0
70.4
46.7
49.0
51.9
54.5
56.0
_.
—
—
—
—
39.0
40.3
44.9
50.0
53.3
40.1
43.5
46.4
48.1
49.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1 9 5 1 .................
1 9 5 2 .................
195 3 .................
1 9 5 4 .................
19 5 5 .................
77.5
79.0
81.0
81.8
82.1
82.5
83.4
83.2
83.2
82.5
61.8
64.5
67.3
69.5
70.9
73.2
76.2
80.3
83.2
84.3
59.3
62.2
64.8
66.7
68.2
_
—
—
—
—
58.3
62.4
66.4
69.2
69.4
51.7
55.0
57.0
58.7
60.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1 9 5 6 .................
195 7 .................
1958 .................
19 5 9 .................
19 6 0 .................
84.1
87.4
88.3
89.6
90.9
83.7
86.3
88.6
88.2
89.4
72.7
75.6
78.5
80.8
83.5
85.9
87.5
89.1
90.4
91.7
70.1
73.3
76.4
79.0
81.9
_
—
—
—
—
70.5
73.8
78.5
81.2
83.3
62.8
65.5
68.7
72.0
74.9
—
——
—
—
_
77.6
80.4
82.5
85.2
19 6 1 .................
1 9 6 2 .................
1 9 6 3 .................
1 96 4 .................
1 9 6 5 .................
91.3
92.1
93.1
93.9
95.5
90.2
90.9
92.0
93.0
94.6
85.2
86.8
88.5
90.2
92.2
92.9
94.0
95.0
95.9
96.9
83.9
85.5
87.3
89.2
91.5
_
_
_
—
85.3
86.6
87.5
89.6
92.9
77.7
80.2
82.6
84.6
87.3
_
_
_
—
86.7
88.1
89.6
91.2
93.2
96.8
100.0
104.0
111.3
123.1
92.0
100.0
107.3
116.0
124.2
_
100.0
105.8
111|1
117.3
96.4
100.0
104.9
112.0
121.3
—
—
196 6 .................
196 7 .................
196 8 .................
196 9 .................
197 0 .................
97.5
100.0
103.3
107.0
111.2
98.1
100.0
103.9
108.9
114.0
95.8
100.0
105.2
112.5
121.6
98.2
100.0
102.4
105.7
110.1
95.3
100.0
105.7
113.8
123.7
_
100.0
105.8
115.0
126.4
197 1 .................
1 9 7 2 .................
1 9 7 3 .................
1 9 7 4 .................
197 5 .................
115.2
118.2
123.4
143.8
157.9
117.7
121.7
132.8
151.0
163.2
128.4
133.3
139.1
152.1
166.6
115.2
119.2
124.3
130.6
137.3
130.8
135.9
141.8
156.0
171.9
132.1
138.7
146.2
165.1
183.6
133.0
136.0
136.9
141.9
152.7
133.3
138.2
144.3
159.1 ,
179.1
123.4
126.8
132.6
142.6
153.1
127.7
132.6
138.3
151.0
164.7
197 6 .................
197 7 .................
165.7
175.3
169.2
178.9
180.4
194.3
144.7
153.5
186.8
201.6
197.2
212.4
174.3
188.4
197.1
216.7
162.3
1725
177.7
190.6
235.4
258.3
184.7
199.8
206.9
230.1
235.3
258.5
185.0
200.2
206.8
230.3
Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers
197 8 .................
197 9 .................
185.0
218.2
192.0
215.9
210.9
234.2
219.4
244.9
164.0
176.0
234.7
267.2
197.4
212.8
Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners tx.'id Clerical workers
197 8 .................
1 9 7 9 .................
185.0
219.1
192.1
216.6
210.8
234.4
219.3
245.3
163.9
175.9
See footnote at end of table.
329
234.6
268.3
197.7
213.3
Table 136. The Consumer Price Index,1 commodity, service, and special groups, 1935-79— Continued
[1967 = 100]
All items
less food
Year
All items
less shelter
All items
less
mortgage
interest
costs
All items
less medical
care
All items
less energy
Energy
All items
less food
and energy
Commodities
Energy
less food
commodities
and energy
Services
less energy
_
193 5 .................
193 6 .................
193 7 .................
193 8 .................
193 9 .................
1 9 4 0 .................
44.9
45.4
47.0
47.5
47.2
47.3
39.8
40.3
41.6
40.4
39.7
39.9
—
—
—■
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1941 .................
1 9 4 2 .................
1 9 4 3 .................
1 9 4 4 .................
1 9 4 5 .................
48.7
52.1
53.6
55.7
56.9
42.4
47.7
51.3
52.2
53.6
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
1 9 4 6 .................
1 9 4 7 .................
1 9 4 8 .................
194 9 .................
1 9 5 0 .................
59.4
64.9
69.6
70.3
71.1
59.0
68.5
73.9
72.6
73.1
_
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
195 1 .................
195 2 .................
1 9 5 3 .................
195 4 .................
1 9 5 5 .................
75.7
77.5
79.0
79.5
79.7
79.2
80.8
81.0
81.0
80.6
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
.—
—
—
195 6 .................
195 7 .................
1 9 5 8 .................
195 9 .................
19 6 0 .................
81.1
83.8
85.7
87.3
88.8
81.7
84.4
86.9
87.6
88.9
_
_
85.2
87.5
88.2
89.4
_
90.1
90.3
91.8
94.2
_
—
—
—
—
83.9
86.3
87.0
88.3
_
83.3
85.2
87.0
88.3
_
90.6
91.8
93.0
93.4
_
90.1
88.8
89.9
91.4
_
74.7
77.5
79.8
82.4
1961 .................
1 9 6 2 .................
19 6 3 .................
19 6 4 .................
196 5 .................
89.7
90.8
92.0
93.2
94.5
89.9
90.9
92.1
93.2
94.6
89.8
90.9
92.0
93.2
94.7
90.3
91.2
92.3
93.5
94.9
94.4
94.7
95.0
94.6
96.3
89.3
90.4
91.6
92.9
94.3
89.3
90.5
91.6
93.0
94.3
93.6
94.4
95.1
96.1
96.4
91.3
91.8
92.2
91.5
94.4
84.2
85.9
87.7
89.5
91.7
196 6 .................
1 9 6 7 .................
1 9 6 8 .................
1 9 6 9 .................
1 9 7 0 .................
96.7
100.0
104.4
110.1
116.7
97.4
100.0
104.1
109.0
114.4
97.4
100.0
104.0
109.2
115.1
97.7
100.0
104.1
109.7
116.1
97.8
100.0
101.5
104.2
107.0
97.3
100.0
104.4
110.3
117.0
96.6
100.0
104.6
110.7
117.6
97.7
100.0
103.9
108.4
113.2
96.7
100.0
101.9
105.1
106.9
95.4
100.0
105.5
113.3
122.7
1 9 7 1 .................
1 9 7 2 .................
1 9 7 3 .................
1 9 7 4 .................
1 9 7 5 .................
122.1
125.8
130.7
143.7
157.1
119.3
122.9
131.1
146.1
159.1
120.3
124.4
132.1
146.1
159.1
120.9
124.9
132.9
147.7
160.9
111.2
114.3
123.5
159.7
176.6
122.0
126.1
133.8
146.9
160.2
123.1
126.9
131.3
142.2
155.3
117.6
120.4
123.8
133.2
145.7
109.0
110.4
121.7
168.5
181.1
129.5
134.3
140.0
152.6
166.4
1 9 7 6 .................
1 9 7 7 .................
167.5
178.4
168.3
179.1
168.4
179.3
169.7
180.3
189.3
207.3
169.2
179.8
165.5
175.8
153.2
161.1
189.5
203.4
179.7
192.8
170.8
185.1
212.8
287.0
209.2
232.4
170.7
184.6
212.8
288.0
209.1
232.6
—
—
—
—
_
Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers
1978
1979
.......
......
191.2
213.0
191.3
210.8
192.2
211.4
194.0
216.1
220.4
275.9
193.8
213.1
188.7
207.0
Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers
197 8
1979
.......
.......
191.1
213.1
191.4
211.3
192.1
211.8
193.9
216.2
220.3
277.7
1 See footnote 1, table 134.
330
193.7
213.0
188.5
206.7
Table 137. Relative importance of major components of the Consumer Price Index, U.S.
city average, at dates of major weight revisions
[Percent of all items]
December 1977
Component
1935-39
December
1952
December
1963
Consumer
Price Index
for All
Urban
Consumers
Consumer
Price Index
for Urban
Wage
Earners and
Clerical
Workers
AH items....................... ........................................................
100.0
1 100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Food and beverages......................................................................
Housing...........................................................................................
Apparel and upkeep.......................................................................
Transportation.................................................................................
Medical care....................................................................................
Entertainm ent5 ...............................................................................
Other goods and services 6 ...........................................................
35.4
2 33.7
3 11.0
8.1
4.1
2.8
4.9
3 2 :2
25.2
34.0
4 10.6
14.0
5.7
3.9
5.7
18.8
43.9
5.8
18.0
5.0
4.1
4.4
20.5
40.7
5.8
20.2
4.5
3.9
4.4
1 Includes home purchase, previously excluded from index cov
erage.
2 includes radios, transferred to "Reading and recreation" as of
Jan. 1950. "Reading and recreation" retitled "Entertainment” as
of Dec. 1977.
3 Includes laundry and drycleaning, transferred to “ Housing" as
of Dec. 1952.
331
l 33. 5
9.4
11.3
4.8
4.0
4.8
4 Includes drycleaning and one-half the weight of laundry serv
ice included in "Housing" in Dec. 1952.
5 Called "Reading and recreation” before Dec. 1977.
6 Includes “ Personal care,” usually shown separately before
Dec. 1977.
Table 138. Consumer Price Index for All Urban Consumers, selected areas, all items index, selected
years, 1950-79
[1967=100 unless otherwise specified]
Other
index
base
1950
1955
1960
U.S. city average..............................................
72.1
80.2
88.7
89.6
90.6
Chicago, lll.-Northwestern Ind....................................
Detroit, M ic h ................................................................
L.A.-Long Beach, Anaheim, C a lif................................
N.Y., N.Y.-Northeastern N .J........................................
Philadelphia, P a .rN .J...................................................
72.4
73.0
70.1
71.2
71.3
82.3
82.2
78.8
78.2
80.6
90.7
88.2
88.5
87.3
88.4
91.2
88.7
89.6
88.1
89.4
—
71.4
69.5
74.0
—
73.8
72.2
71.0
70.9
—
70.3
73.6
—
79.9
76.6
82.3
Atlanta, G a ...................................................................
Buffalo, N .Y .................................................................
Cleveland, O hio ...........................................................
Dallas-Fort Worth, T e x ...............................................
Honolulu, H aw aii..........................................................
Houston, T e x ...............................................................
Kansas City, M o .-K a n s...........................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul, M inn .-W is.................................
Pittsburgh, P a ..............................................................
San Francisco-Oakland, C a lif.....................................
72.7
—
73.1
—
—
74.9
70.4
72.0
72.2
67.6
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
U.S. city average...............................................
116.3
121.3
125.3
133.1
147.7
161.2
170.5
181.5
195.4
217.4
Chicago, lll.-Northwestern Ind....................................
Detroit, M ic h ................................................................
L.A.-Long Beach, Anaheim, C a lif................................
N.Y., N.Y.-Northeastern N .J........................................
Philadelphia, P a .-N .J...................................................
116.3
117.4
114.3
119.0
117.8
120.8
121.7
118.5
125.9
123.5
124.3
126.2
122.3
131.4
127.0
132.0
134.5
129.2
139.7
135.5
146.1
149.0
142.5
154.8
151.6
157.9
160.1
157.6
166.6
164.2
165.1
168.8
168.0
176.3
172.4
175.6
180.4
179.6
185.5
183.5
190.7
194.1
192.8
196.1
194.3
214.6
218.8
213.7
213.1
213.6
_
117.0
116.7
115.7
—
115.8
116.3
113.2
115.2
115.3
114.0
117.6
112.9
123.4
122.7
120.7
119.6
120.1
121.4
116.1
119.6
119.8
116.4
122.7
115.9
126.3
127.1
124.7
123.4
123.7
125.9
119.5
122.3
124.4
119.7
126.9
120.8
134.9
134.7
132.1
131.9
131.5
134.7
127.3
129.3
'132.5
127.5
135.0
133.9
152.4
148.7
146.3
146.5
144.1
151.1
142.8
142.2
147.2
141.5
150.0
152.3
165.2
162.1
160.3
161.3
157.0
164.7
156.5
156.1
160.8
155.8
161.6
164.1
173.9
174.5
170.1
170.3
167.1
170.9
167.0
165.1
170.7
164.5
171.1
175.0
185.9
183.4
182.2
184.7
177.9
179.9
180.2
176.6
182.0
177.6
183.0
187.5
199.6
193.1
199.1
202.1
192.3
191.9
198.4
191.5
200.1
194.8
197.0
207.0
218.2
212.9
223.8
233.5
218.8
210.7
225.4
215.8
233.1
216.3
218.6
116.5
116.1
119.3
117.8
114.2
116.8
115.8
117.5
116.4
115.8
121.7
121.8
122.8
121.3
118.9
120.9
120.5
121.7
121.5
120.1
125.5
126.6
126.5
124.9
122.8
125.2
124.0
125.5
125.3
124.3
133.7
134.8
134.1
132.0
128.3
132.3
130.3
133.0
132.9
131.5
148.5
149.5
147.8
145.3
141.9
147.8
144.2
148.3
147.3
144.4
161.7
161.8
160.9
158.2
155.0
164.9
157.9
160.9
160.0
159.1
169.2
170.6
169.0
167.7
162.8
177.3
166.5
170.9
168.3
168.0
179.6
181.7
180.5
180.2
171.0
190.2
178.3
183.0
179.8
180.8
192.6
193.0
193.9
194.0
184.1
208.2
191.8
199.7
195.5
197.8
212.7
211.3
219.5
218.6
204.6
235.7
219.2
222.6
217.3
214.6
Area and region 1
Anchorage, A laska.......................................................
Baltimore, M d ..............................................................
Boston, M ass...............................................................
Cincinnati, O hio-Ky.-In d..............................................
Denver-Boulder, C o lo .................................................
Milwaukee, W is ...........................................................
Northeast Pennsylvania...............................................
Portland, O reg .-W ash.................................................
St. Louis, M o.-lll...........................................................
San Diego, C a lif...........................................................
Seattle-Everett, W ash.................................................
Washington, D .C .-M d .-V a ...........................................
Anchorage, A laska.......................................................
Baltimore, M d ..............................................................
Boston, M ass...............................................................
Cincinnati, O h io-Ky.-In d ..............................................
Denver-Boulder, C o lo .................................................
Milwaukee, W is ...........................................................
Northeast Pennsylvania..............................................
Portland, O reg .-W ash.................................................
St. Louis, M o .-lll...........................................................
San Diego, C a lif...........................................................
Seattle-Everett, W ash.................................................
Washington, D .C .-M d .-V a...........................................
Atlanta, G a ...................................................................
Buffalo, N .Y .................................................................
Cleveland, O hio............................................................
Dallas-Fort Worth, T e x ...............................................
Honolulu, H aw aii..........................................................
Houston, T e x ...............................................................
Kansas City, M o .-K a n s...............................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul, M inn .-W is.................................
Pittsburgh, P a ..............................................................
San Francisco-Oakland, C a lif.....................................
10/67
10/67
1962
1963
1964
1965
91.7
92.9
94.5
92.1
88.9
90.6
89.4
90.1
93.0
89.8
92.0
91.3
91.8
93.4
90.5
93.7
92.8
93.2
94.7 '
92.6
95.7
94.3
94.7
—
90.6
89.6
91.3
—
92.0
91.4
92.2
_
_
92.9
92.7
93.7
_
_
89.9
87.7
90.4
83.6
79.2
78.6
80.1
—
79.0
81.0
89.1
86.5
90.0
—
90.2
86.9
87.1
87.7
—
87.9
87.7
90.8
88.2
88.1
89.0
—
89.3
89.0
92.0
89.7
88.5
90.0
—
90.6
89.8
92.9
90.9
90.2
90.9
—
92.1
91.3
93.9
92.6
92.2
92.6
—
93.4
92.8
94.4
94.5
94.4
—
95.8
94.1
94.6
94.1
95.2
94.5
94.1
81.7
—
82.5
——
82.3
78.8
81.4
80.3
76.6
89.3
—
90.6
—
—
89.2
86.9
89.0
90.5
87.8
89.7
—
91.4
—
—
89.7
88.0
89.9
91.3
88.9
90.5
—
91.7
—
—
91.4
89.4
91.0
92.1
90.3
91.4
—
92.7
—
—
92.3
90.3
92.3
93.1
91.5
92.8
92.0
93.2
92.6
92.9
93.7
92.5
93.2
94.3
92.9
94.0
94.2
94.7
93.8
94.6
94.8
95.5
94.5
95.8
94.7
—
1 Area is generally the Standard Metropolitan Statistical Area (SMSA), ex
clusive of farms. L A - L o n g Beach, Anaheim, Calif., is a combination of two
S M S A ’s, and N.Y., N.Y.-Northeastern N.J. and Chicago, lll.-Northwestern
Ind. are the more extensive Standard Consolidated Areas. Area definitions
1961
332
—
—
—
—
1966
1968
1969
97.2
104.2
109.8
97.4
96.7
97.5
97.5
97.3
104.3
104.3
103.9
104.3
104.8
109.9
110.6
108.8
110.8
110.4
_
_
97.7
97.7
97.2
98.0
97.4
97.5
97.2
97.1
97.1
97.3
104.1
104.1
104.8
—
103.5
104.1
103.5
104.0
104.1
104.1
104.7
_
110.5
110.0
109.8
—109.5
109.5
108.6
109.2
109.5
109.2
111.2
97.0
97.4
97.2
97.1
97.3
97.5
98.0
96.8
98.3
97.1
104.0
104.5
105.9
104.5
103.8
104.3
104.0
104.6
104.7
104.5
110.2
109.6
111.9
111.3
108.5
111.0
109.6
109.9
110.4
110.2
—
are those established by the Office of Management and Budget in 1973,
except for Denver-Boulder, Colo., which does not include Douglas County.
Definitions do not include revisions made since 1973.
Table 139. Producer Price Indexes by stage of processing, selected years, 1947-79
(1967=100]
Year
All
com
modities
Total
Food
stuffs
and
feedstuffs
Nonfood
materials,
except
fuel
Fuel
Finished goods
Intermediate materials, supplies, and components
Crude materials for further processing
Total
Materials
and
compo
nents for
manufac
turing
Materials
and
compo
nents for
construc
tion
Proc
essed
fuels
and
lubri
cants
C on
tainers
Sup
plies
Total
Con
sumer
goods
Capital
equip
ment
1947...........
1950...........
1955...........
76.5
81.8
87.8
101.2
104.6
97.1
111.7
107.6
95.1
90.6
104.7
103.8
66.6
77.9
78.8
72.4
78.6
88.1
72.1
78.1
88.4
66.0
77.0
88.9
85.5
89.9
93.3
66.8
72.0
82.6
77.5
78.9
84.8
74.0
79.0
85.5
80.5
83.9
88.5
55.4
64.9
76.7
1960...........
1961...........
1962...........
1963...........
1964...........
94.9
94.5
94.8
94.5
94.7
97.0
96.5
97.5
95.4
94.5
95.1
93.8
95.7
92.9
90.8
101.4
102.5
102.0
100.7
102.4
92.8
92.6
92.1
93.2
92.8
95.6
95.0
94.9
95.2
95.5
96.5
95.3
94.7
94.9
95.9
95.9
94.6
94.2
94.5
95.4
98.2
99.4
99.0
98.1
96.0
95.5
94.7
95.9
94.7
94.0
90.7
91.8
93.8
95.2
94.3
93.7
93.7
94.0
93.7
94.1
94.5
94.3
94.6
94.1
94.3
91.7
91.8
92.2
92.4
93.3
1965...........
1966...........
1967...........
1968...........
1969...........
96.6
99.8
100.0
102.5
106.5
99.3
105.7
100.0
101.6
108.4
97.1
105.9
100.0
101.3
109.3
104.5
106.7
100.0
102.1
106.9
93.5
96.3
100.0
102.3
106.6
96.8
99.2
100.0
102.3
105.8
97.4
99.3
100.0
102.2
105.8
96.2
98.8
100.0
105.0
110.8
97.4
99.2
100.0
97.6
98.5
95.8
98.4
100.0
102.4
106.3
95.2
99.4
100.0
101.0
102.8
95.7
98.8
100.0
102.8
106.6
96.1
99.4
100.0
102.7
106.6
94.4
96.8
100.0
103.5
106.9
1970...........
1971...........
1972...........
1973...........
1974...........
110.4
114.0
119.1
134.7
160.1
112.3
115.1
127.6
174.0
196.1
112.0
114.2
127.5
180.0
189.4
109.8
110.7
121.9
161.5
205.4
122.6
139.0
148.7
164.5
219.4
109.9
114.1
118.7
131.6
162.9
110.0
112.8
117.0
127.7
162.2
112.6
119.7
126.2
136.7
161.6
105.0
115.2
118.9
131.5
199.1
111.4
116.6
121.9
129.2
152.2
108.0
111.0
115.6
140.6
154.5
110.3
113.7
117.2
127.9
147.5
109.9
112.9
116.6
129.2
149.3
112.0
116.6
119.5
123.5
141.0
1975...........
1976...........
1977...........
1978...........
1979...........
174.9
183.0
194.2
209.3
235,6
196.9
205.1
214.3
240.1
282.2
191.8
190.1
190.9
215.3
247.2
188.3
210.2
217.3
235.4
284.5
271.5
314.7
400.4
463.7
568.2
180.0
189.3
201.7
215.5
242.8
178.7
185.6
195.5
208.3
234.1
176.4
188.0
202.9
224.4
246.9
233.0
250.9
283.8
296.4
360.9
171.4
181.4
193.1
212.5
235.3
168.1
179.2
188.0
196.9
217.6
163.4
170.3
180.6
194.6
216.1
163.6
169.0
178.9
192.6
215.7
162.5
173.2
184.5
199.1
216.7
Note : For a description of the series by stage of processing, see
W h o le
s a le P ric e s a n d P ric e In d e x e s, S u p p le m e n t 1976, D a ta fo r 1975.
333
Table 140. Producer Price Indexes by commodity group, selected years, 1926-791
[1967 = 100 unless otherwise indicated]
Code number
Year
01
All
commod
ities 1
Farm
products,
proc
essed
foods,
and feeds
Industrial
commod
ities 1 2
01-1
01-2
Farm
prod
ucts 1
Fresh
and dried
fruits and
vegeta
bles
01-3
01-5
Livestock
Grains
01-4
Live
poultry
Plant and
animal
fibers
Fluid milk
01-6
01-7
01-8
Eggs
Hay,
hay
seeds,
and
oilseeds
53.2
45.2
61.3
54.2
68.4
65.4
71.1
55.7
48.6
43.4
196.6
169.7
91.4
65.5
55.1
58.2
120.4
96.6
62.8
59.0
—
93.9
91.2
41.4
44.0
53.0
78.0
86.9
48.1
41.4
78.5
106.7
98.2
39.5
40.7
85.5
84.7
96.6
58.6
48.3
92.1
121.3
117.6
43.4
34.3
66.5
110.2
81.9
136.5
111.6
193.2
185.7
166.9
52.1
47.3
87.1
159.1
140.4
48.0
44.6
63.6
76.5
79.1
90.6
68.1
130.6
134.5
135.9
49.0
43.6
85.7
99.1
93.7
94.9
94.5
94.8
94.5
94.7
93.7
93.7
94.7
93.8
93.2
95.3
94.8
94.8
94.7
95.2
97.2
96.3
98.0
96.0
94.6
99.0
92.2
96.2
94.6
101.6
102.2
103.7
107.2
110.5
102.1
94.5
92.8
96.5
88.3
84.1
121.6
101.1
104.2
103.4
100.1
129.1
131.5
136.5
139.5
136.3
84.7
85.2
83.0
82.5
83.7
122.4
117.4
112.9
111.5
107.7
82.5
92.9
91.3
97.9
95.4
1 9 6 5 .................
1 9 6 6 .................
1 9 6 7 .................
196 8 .................
1 9 6 9 .................
96.6
99.8
100.0
102.5
106.5
97.1
103.5
100.0
102.4
108.0
96.4
98.5
100.0
102.5
106.0
98.7
105.9
100.0
102.5
109.1
100.2
100.9
100.0
106.6
110.0
97.2
105.5
100.0
88.8
90.3
99.4
108.8
100.0
103.7
117.0
105.5
111.6
100.0
103.7
112.8
126.4
114.1
100.0
104.6
93.1
84.9
96.5
100.0
105.8
110.7
110.9
128.0
100.0
111.4
133.9
97.8
106.5
100.0
96.6
94.6
1 9 7 0 .................
1 9 7 1 .................
1 9 7 2 .................
197 3 .................
19 7 4 .................
110.4
114.0
119.1
134.7
160.1
111.7
113.9
122.4
159.1
177.4
110.0
114.1
117.9
125.9
153.8
111.0
112.9
125.0
176.3
187.7
111.6
120.1
127.6
168.1
192.3
98.8
100.9
102.9
183.6
257.9
116.7
118.3
142.5
190.4
170.6
99.5
100.1
104.0
179.5
157.4
90.2
92.8
117.5
197.8
193.9
115.3
118.8
122.2
145.0
172.8
126.8
100.8
103.7
165.7
160.6
99.4
109.1
118.1
220.1
228.6
19 7 5 .................
1 9 7 6 .................
1 9 7 7 .................
1 9 7 8 .................
197 9 .................
174.9
183.0
194.2
209.3
235.6
184.2
183.1
188.8
206.6
229.8
171.5
182.4
195.1
209.4
236.5
186.7
191.0
192.5
212.5
241.4
183.7
178.4
192.2
216.5
229.0
223.9
205.9
165.0
182.5
214.8
187.9
173.3
173.0
220.1
260.3
189.8
166.9
175.4
199.8
194.3
153.1
223.9
202.3
193.4
209.9
180.2
201.2
202.8
219.7
250.1
159.8
179.1
162.0
158.6
176.5
200.2
210.4
234.2
215.8
244.3
19 2 6 .................
19 3 0 .................
51.6
44.6
1 9 3 5 .................
19 4 0 .................
1945 .................
195 0 .................
1 9 5 5 .................
41.3
40.5
54.6
81.8
87.8
1 9 6 0 .................
19 6 1 .................
1962 .................
1 9 6 3 .................
19 6 4 .................
01-9
—
_
—
02
02-1
H t hICI foU11 Processed Cereal and
V/U p r ICrm
1
bakery
foods and
products
feeds
products
19 2 6 .................
193 0 .................
36.2
26.5
1 9 3 5 .................
1 9 4 0 .................
194 5 .................
195 0 .................
1 9 5 5 .................
25.5
21.2
47.3
92.2
102.8
1 9 6 0 .................
1 9 6 1 .................
19 6 2 .................
1 9 6 3 .................
1 9 6 4 .................
_
02-2
Meats,
poultry,
and fish
02-3
02-4
“
02-5
02-71
”02-6
02-73
02-72
Beverages
Processed Sugar and
Crude
Anlmol fofc
and
M ilim al Talo
fruits and confection
vegetable
beverage
and oils
ery
vegetables
oils
materials
products
02-74
Refined
vegetable
oils
Vegetable
oil end
products
_
_
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
_
_
_
47.7
38.9
45.0
44.4
43.5
41.5
55.8
57.6
83.4
85.0
44.9
37.4
45.5
71.6
84.1
42.6
33.0
48.5
97.7
81.6
34.7
33.6
48.2
68.9
77.1
48.8
43.6
63.2
86.6
91.5
43.9
38.8
49.8
75.3
85.2
78.4
93.1
127.5
120.4
141.4
116.4
124.5
118.1
99.8
98.6
92.7
93.6
92.2
89.7
99.0
89.5
91.0
91.9
92.5
92.3
88.1
89.8
91.9
91.6
92.1
93.1
90.9
94.4
88.9
86.5
86.1
88.2
87.7
88.2
88.4
92.8
94.9
91.4
96.9
97.8
90.1
89.6
90.4
104.8
98.9
92.8
92.6
93.0
94.7
99.7
103.8
113.2
106.0
100.6
114.4
91.9
114.4
94.2
91.4
94.2
94.0
117.3
100.9
91.2
89.1
88.7
100.7
95.4
86.5
87.9
19 6 5 .................
1 9 6 6 .................
1 9 6 7 .................
1 9 6 8 .................
1 9 6 9 .................
98.0
101.9
100.0
103.5
109.6
95.5
101.2
100.0
102.2
107.3
93.1
98.5
100.0
100.9
102.7
96.2
105.0
100.0
103.1
113.8
89.0
97.2
100.0
104.8
108.2
95.2
97.8
100.0
106.5
108.1
96.5
97.8
100.0
102.8
109.9
99.2
99.3
100.0
102.8
106.0
136.0
135.6
100.0
83.5
120.3
112.5
119.5
100.0
94.2
93.0
105.1
117.8
100.0
102.6
98.4
99.2
102.5
100.0
98.1
101.6
1 9 7 0 .................
1 9 7 1 .................
1 9 7 2 .................
197 3 .................
1 9 7 4 .................
117.3
115.6
125.0
147.4
164.4
112.1
114.5
120.8
148.1
170.9
107.7
111.6
114.7
134.4
171.2
115.8
116.0
130.0
167.5
163.5
111.2
115.6
118.6
131.1
146.4
110.6
114.4
119.7
129.6
154.6
115.8
119.4
121.6
132.3
258.9
113.0
116.0
118.0
121.7
140.7
140.4
130.9
127.4
230.4
327.7
121.0
128.8
107.5
174.6
291.1
119.2
133.0
114.5
154.4
265.8
111.9
121.4
121.2
143.6
224.8
1 9 7 5 .................
1976 .................
197 7 .................
19 7 8 .................
1979 .................
169.7
223.4
325.9
274.9
289.0
182.6
178.0
186.1
202.6
222.5
178.0
172.1
173.4
190.3
210.3
191.0
181.6
182.0
217.1
242.0
155.8
168.5
173.4
188.4
211.2
169.8
170.2
187.4
202.6
221.9
254.3
190.9
177.4
197.8
214.7
162.4
173.5
201.0
200.0
210.7
341.8
210.2
267.0
291.2
320.6
208.1
162.5
197.5
219.2
243.7
213.2
187.5
198.9
228.8
231.6
211.5
174.2
198.1
209.4
223.5
—
_
—
—
See footnotes at end of table.
334
52.0
43.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
-r-
Table 140. Producer Price Indexes by commodity group, selected years, 1926-79‘— Continued
(1967 - 100 unless otherwise indicated]
Code number
Year
02-8
M iscella
neous
processed
foods
02-9
03-1
03-2
03-3
Manufac
tured
animal
feeds
Synthetic
fibers
(Dec.
1975 =
Textile
products
and
apparel
Gray
fabrics
(Dec.
1975 =
100)
03-81
Finished
fabrics
(Dec.
1975 =
100)
100 )
03-82
04
04-1
Apparel
03-4
Proc
essed
yarns and
threads
(Dec.
1975 =
03
Textile
housefurnishings
Hides,
skins,
leather,
and
related
products
Hides and
skins
100)
1926.
1930.
44.8
44.9
73.6
67.1
1935
1940
1945
1950
1955
109.0
91.8
103.2
85.6
102.7
98.7
90.5
92.6
99.9
94.9
40.2
45.2
52.9
86.3
77.3
58.8
67.4
85.8
161.4
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
94.3
94.0
90.4
92.6
96.7
78.7
85.4
90.3
95.0
93.0
99.5
97.7
98.6
98.5
99.2
94.9
94.6
95.0
95.4
96.3
96.1
96.6
98.3
97.1
97.6
90.8
91.7
92.7
90.0
90.3
106.7
114.5
112.7
89.2
92.9
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
100.9
101.2
100.0
102.6
107.9
94.9
103.3
100.0
96.7
96.6
99.8
100.1
100.0
103.7
106.0
97.1
98.3
100.0
103.6
107.4
97.3
98.5
100.0
104.2
100.8
94.3
103.4
100.0
103.2
108.9
118.0
149.5
100.0
106.1
124.1
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
113.1
113.3
114.8
123.3
158.6
103.7
104.4
116.0
198.7
184.1
107.1
109.0
113.6
123.8
139.1
110.8
113.6
114.8
119.0
129.5
103.5
104.9
109.2
113.3
143.1
110.3
114.1
131.3
143.1
145.1
104.2
115.1
213.7
253.9
195.9
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
178.4
174.7
190.0
199.0
216.5
172.1
194.4
204.6
197.4
219.4
137.9
148.2
154.0
159.8
168.7
133.4
139.9
147.3
152.4
160.4
151.9
159.3
171.3
178.6
190.4
148.5
167.8
179.3
200.0
252.4
174.5
258.4
286.7
360.5
535.4
04-2
Leather
102.4
107.3
109.6
119.0
99.5
100:9
102.4
109.2
101.1
103.7
103.8
107.4
04-3
04-4
05 3
05-1
05-2
05-3 4
05-4 5
05-61
05-7 6
06 7
06-1 7
Footwear
Other
leather
and
related
products
Fuels and
related
products
and
power
Coal
Coke
(foundry
byproduct)
G as fuels
Electric
power
Crude
petroleum
Petro
leum
products,
refined
Chem i
cals and
allied
products
Industrial
chem icals
1926 .................
193 0 .................
50.4
51.0
35.8
36.4
193 5 .................
194 0 .................
1945.................
195 0 .................
195 5 .................
40.4
46.6
51.5
98.9
78.2
35.1
38.4
45.1
70.2
74.0
1960.................
1961.................
1962.................
196 3 .................
196 4 .................
93.8
96.1
98.4
92.4
93.3
1965.................
1966.................
1967.................
1968.................
1969.................
71,5
56.2
45.2
40.4
27.5
23.0
85.4
83.4
52.6
51.4
60.1
87.1
91.2
41.6
41.9
52.8
83.3
82.3
24.3
30.3
36.3
63.0
73.4
87.6
88.0
88.9
88.7
88.9
92.0
91.1
9^.1
91.8
91.0
96.1
97.2
96.7
96.3
93.7
95.6
94.6
93.7
93.8
93.8
98.0
109.8
100.0
102.1
108.7
90.7
96.8
100.0
104.8
109.5
93.6
101.0
100.0
99.5
103.3
95.5
97.8
100.0
98.9
100.9
1970................. 107.7
19 7 1 ................. '112.7
1972................. 140.3
1973................. 160.1
1974................. 154.3
113.3
116.8
124.5
130.5
140.0
106.4
108.4
117.8
129.8
136.5
1975 .................
19 7 6 .................
19 7 7 .................
1978.................
19 7 9 .................
147.8
158.9
168.7
183.0
218.0
141.0
152.9
163.4
177.0
205.0
151.5
188.1
201.0
238.6
356.7
106.1
104.7
118.6
127.1
88.6
See footnotes at end of table.
—
_
—
—
—
70.1
68.0
_
—
85.1
92.0
51.7
52.4
65.2
88.9
98.5
62.1
59.7
67.5
84.0
98.2
98.6
98.9
99.1
98.7
98.3
95.5
97.2
96.1
95.1
90.7
101.8
100.7
99.1
97.9
98.3
103.2
101.0
98.9
97.3
96.7
100.1
99.6
100.0
100.9
101.8
98.2
98.9
100.0
100.8
105.2
93.8
97.4
100.0
98.1
99.6
99.0
99.4
100.0
99.8
99.9
97.5
98.3
100.0
101.0
100.3
103.6
108.5
114.1
126.7
162.2
105.9
116.2
121.5
129.3
163.1
106.1
114.6
113.8
126.0
211.8
101.0
107.2
108.9
128.7
223.4
102.2
104.1
104.2
110.0
146.8
100.9
102.0
101.2
103.4
151.7
216.7
286.8
387.8
428.7
544.1
193.4
207.6
232.9
250.6
270.2
245.7
253.6
274.2
300.1
376.5
257.5
276.6
308.2
321.0
444.8
181.3
187.2
192.8
198.8
222.3
206.9
219.3
223.9
225.6
264.0
—
—
—
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
83.2
92.4
92.5
92.5
92.5
92.5
94.9
87.2
88.7
89.2
91.8
90.7
101.2
101.7
102.1
101.3
100.4
93.4
95.5
100.0
103.7
112.6
95.8
98.0
100.0
103.6
108.9
92.8
96.7
100.0
92.7
93.3
106.2
115.2
118.6
134.3
208.3
150.3
182.0
193.8
218.1
332.4
127.4
148.8
155.5
166.6
247.7
245.1
265.6
302.2
322.5
408.1
385.8
368.7
389.4
430.0
450.9
330.8
346.8
379.4
411.8
429.2
335
—
—
Table 140. Producer Price Indexes by commodity group, selected years, 1926-791 Continued
—
[1967=100]
Code number
06-22
06-21
06-3
06-4
Drugs
and
pharma
ceuticals
06-5
06-6
06-7
07
08
08-1
08-2
08-3
Fats and
oils,
inedible
Agricul
tural
chemicals
and
chemical
products
Plastic
resins
and
materials
Other
chemicals
and allied
products
Rubber
and
plastic
products
Lumber
and wood
products
Lumber
Millwork
Plywood
—
—
—
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
Prepared
paint
Paint
materials
1926
1930
48.9
47.6
57.2
48.2
1935..
1940..
1945..
1950..
1955..
41.9
46.1
48.5
71.2
82.1
42.7
44.4
67.1
98.0
104.4
—
—
105.2
105.6
87.2
63.1
144.2
140.3
115.6
89.4
96.5
1960
1961 ..
1962..
1963..
1964..
92.1
94.8
95.0
95.0
95.8
111.9
109.6
105.2
100.2
100.1
106.6
104.6
102.1
101.2
101.1
100.2
107.6
93.8
98.8
119.1
1965..
1966..
1967..
1968..
1969..
96.4
97.7
100.0
104.8
109.1
98.8
99.1
100.0
101.4
102.1
100.4
100.5
100.0
99.3
99.9
1970..
1971 ...
1972..
1973..
1974..
112.4
115.6
118.0
122.2
145.7
101.4
101.5
104.1
113.2
152.3
166.9
174.4
182.4
192.3
204.4
177.2
189.8
205.9
212.7
241.2
Year
1975..
1976..
1977..
1978..
1979..
.
.
113.6
52.0
26.5
22.9
25.2
21.5
30.0
28.4
107.5
126.5
—
—
77.0
85.1
47.3
57.1
70.5
85.9
102.4
21.4
27.4
41.2
89.3
97.1
20.6
25.8
38.9
86.6
94.5
25.3
31.4
41.0
78.2
87.7
_
—
121.5
120.4
98.5
98.8
98.4
96.7
96.1
108.2
103.4
103.0
100.8
100.0
93.8
94.5
94.4
95.4
96.2
103.1
99.2
96.3
96.8
95.5
95.3
91.0
91.6
93.5
95.4
92.1
87.4
89.0
91.2
92.9
93.1
90.8
90.7
92.7
96.7
109.6
107.3
103.6
104.8
103.5
138.6
126.4
100.0
90.9
109.1
98.3
99.2
100.0
96.1
86.7
99.3
100.0
100.0
91.9
90.4
97.2
98.4
100.0
101.6
104.2
95.9
97.8
100.0
103.4
105.3
95.9
100.2
100.0
113.3
125.3
94.0
100.1
100.0
117.4
131.6
96.0
98.0
100.0
105.8
117.8
103.5
104.0
100.0
115.7
122.5
101.2
102.4
103.0
104.3
112.7
132.8
133.6
115.8
228.3
338.2
88.5
92.1
91.7
96.6
137.7
90.6
88.7
88.7
92.1
143.8
108.6
112,0
113.5
118.1
147.5
108.3
109.1
109.3
112.4
136.2
113.6
127.3
144.3
177.2
183.6
113.7
136.0
159.4
205.2
207.1
116.0
120.8
128.4
144.2
157.1
108.4
114.6
130.7
155.2
161.1
126.6
134.0
140.5
148.1
159.4
255.2
249.9
279.0
315.8
376.7
203.6
188.3
187.8
198.4
214.4
180.9
194.0
197.5
199.8
235.9
168.6
170.7
175.7
181.8
191.8
150.2
159.2
167.6
174.8
194.3
176.9
205.6
236.3
276.0
300.4
192.5
233.0
276.5
322.4
354.3
160.4
176.9
193.7
235.4
254.3
161.2
187.0
212.2
235.6
250.5
—
_
141.3
100.5
09
09-1
09-2
10
10-1
10-13
10-2
10-3
Pulp,
paper,
and allied
products
Pulp,
paper,
and
products,
excluding
building
paper
and
board
Building
paper
and
board
Metals
and metal
products
Iron and
steel
Steel mill
products
Nonferrous
metals
Metal
contain
ers
1926
1930
—
—
1935
1940
1945
1950
1955
_
_
—
74.3
87.8
_
_
—
—
74.0
87.5
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
98.1
95.2
96.3
95.6
95.4
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
_
_
10-4
10-5
10-6
10-7
Hardware
Plumbing
fixtures
and brass
fittings
Heating
equip
ment
Fabricat
ed
structural
metal .
products
_
_
_
—
—
_
_
43.4
35.9
49.8
48.2
34.7
35.8
59.4
77.2
29.8
35.2
37.3
64.4
88.3
47.3
44.5
45.5
63.6
77.4
—
—
59.2
75.9
40.9
50.0
52.5
76.5
88.7
—
—
93.5
102.5
74.0
87.0
97.1
97.2
95.8
95.7
97.0
96.4
96.0
95.8
96.3
97.1
85.9
83.0
82.1
82.0
87.6
89.6
91.2
92.7
93.6
94.3
90.3
91.2
91.4
91.5
92.1
93.3
93.4
90.6
90.5
91.3
105.8
101.8
100.5
100.2
99.2
95.7
94.0
93.3
93.3
94.3
96.4
98.8
100.0
102.6
108.5
97.9
98.7
100.0
101.9
107.0
97.5
98.9
100.0
102.5
107.4
95.3
100.0
100.0
103.5
113.5
96.2
98.3
100.0
103.7
106.9
93.1
96.3
100.0
102.7
106.1
93.3
98.1
100.0
103.3
107.3
98.9
99.8
100.0
102.7
105.4
96.1
98.7
100.0
102.2
105.9
101.0
102.8
106.4
112.8
123.5
116.6
118.7
123.5
132.8
171.9
115.1
121.8
128.4
136.2
178.6
114.2
122.9
130.4
134.1
170.0
124.7
114.6
116.9
135.0
187.1
112.6
121.8
128.9
134.7
164.7
111.5
116.8
120.2
124.7
140.7
111.2
116.4
119.7
125.8
149.1
110.6
115.3
118.2
120.4
135.0
112.0
118.1
122.4
127.4
161.2
127.1
138.8
157.0
187.4
182.4
185.6
195.9
209.0
227.1
259.3
200.9
215.9
230.4
253.6
283.5
197.2
209.8
229.9
254.5
280.4
171.6
181.6
195.4
207.8
261.7
192.1
202.2
218.2
243.4
269.2
163.0
173.1
185.4
200.4
218.7
162.3
174.1
186.6
199.1
217.1
150.7
158.0
165.5
174.4
187.1
189.0
193.8
206.7
226.4
248.9
41.4
36.2
38.3
34.2
—
—
—
81.5
99.1
33.8
37.8
39.6
66.3
82.1
33.2
36.4
37.9
64.6
80.3
97.7
94.7
96.1
95.3
95.3
110.3
109.7
105.8
104.4
102.3
92.4
91.9
91.2
91.3
93.8
96.2
98.8
100.0
101.1
104.0
96.2
98.8
100.0
101.2
104.1
100.9
100.8
100.0
100.9
105.5
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
108.2
110.1
113.4
122.1
151.7
108.5
110.4
113.7
122.5
152.8
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
170.4
179.4
186.4
195.6
219.0
171.9
180.8
187.3
195.6
220.2
See
footnotes at end of table.
—
—
_
336
—
_
72.9
59.5
—
—
Table 140. Producer Price Indexes by commodity group, selected years, 1926-791 Continued
—
[1967 = 100]
Code number
Year
11
11-1
11-2
11-3
11-4
11-6
11-7
11-9
12
12-1
12-2
Miscella
neous
metal
products
Machin
ery and
equip
ment
Agricul
tural
machin
ery and
equip
ment
Construc
tion
machin
ery and
equip
ment
Metal
working
machin
ery and
equip
ment
General
purpose
machin
ery and
equip
ment
Special
industry
machin
ery and
equip
ment
Electrical
machin
ery and
equip
ment
M iscella
neous
machin
ery
Furniture
and
house
hold
durables
House
hold
furniture
Commer
cial
furniture
—
—
__
41.4
42.2
63.1
75.7
10-8
1926
1930
1935
1940
1945
1950
1955
__
__
69.8
77.3
_
43.9
41.7
—
41.2
40.8
42.9
65.2
72.6
32.5
35.7
54.5
67.0
—
_
—
_
_
_
40.5
40.6
60.4
73.2
—
—
55.1
67.9
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
52.6
49.4
40.6
43.0
53.8
75.6
81.9
64.4
77.5
__
__
45.2
44.6
68.9
82.9
—
66.6
80.1
48.1
53.8
63.2
84.7
93.3
—
_
59.1
54.9
—
__
—
—
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
88.3
90.5
91.2
92.3
95.3
92.0
91.9
92.0
92.2
92.8
86.1
87.7
89.5
90.8
92.2
85.9
87.3
87.5
89.0
91.2
85.1
85.9
87.3
87.6
89.3
91.2
90.5
90.9
91.4
91.9
86.0
87.3
89.1
90.7
99.5
98.2
96.7
95.7
95.1
93.1
94.1
94.4
94.7
95.6
99.0
98.4
97.7
97.0
97.4
90.0
91.1
91.9
92.6
93.3
92.0
91.6
92.1
92.4
92.9
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
96.0
98.0
100.0
102.0
107.3
93.9
96.8
100.0
103.2
106.5
94.0
96.8
100.0
103.9
108.5
93.6
96.5
100.0
105.7
110.4
91.8
96.0
100.0
104.0
108.0
92.5
96.6
100.0
103.3
107.0
92.5
95.8
100.0
105.2
110.0
95.1
97.2
100.0
101.3
102.9
96.2
97.4
100.0
104.3
108.1
96.9
98.0
100.0
102.8
104.9
94.1
96.6
100.0
103.9
108.4
93.3
95.1
100.0
103.9
108.0
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
114.3
118.9
124.2
129.5
157.3
111.4
115.5
117.9
121.7
139.4
113.2
117.5
122.3
125.9
143.8
115.9
121.8
125.7
130.7
152.3
114.1
117.7
120.2
125.5
146.9
113.7
119.3
122.4
127.0
151.2
115.7
120.9
123.7
130.1
151.0
106.4
109.2
110.4
112.4
125.0
112.8
117.4
120.2
124.0
139.5
107.5
110.0
111.4
115.2
127.9
111.7
114.9
117.3
123.0
136.6
114.5
118.2
120.2
129.4
152.4
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
181.1
186.9
196.2
212.0
231.4
161.4
171.0
181.7
196.1
213.9
168.6
183.0
197.9
213.1
232.1
185.2
198.9
213.5
232.9
256.2
171.6
182.7
198.5
217.0
241.3
178.5
189.8
201.8
216.6
236.4
175.0
188.4
202.7
223.0
247.0
140.7
146.7
154.1
164.9
178.9
162.3
171.9
180.7
194.7
208.9
139.7
145.6
151.5
160.4
171.3
146.3
153.6
162.2
173.5
186.3
166.7
173.5
185.9
201.5
221.8
12-3
Floor
coverings
1926.
1930.
12-4
12-6
12-5
House
hold
appli
ances
Home
electronic
equip
ment
13
Other
househrklrl
noiu
Hi irahlp
uuiduic
goods
_
_
__
—
—
—
_
_
__
—
57.4
54.3
—
—
Nonmetallic
mineral
products
13-3
13-4
13-5
13-6
13-7
Concrete
ingreaients
Concrete
products
Structural
clay
products,
excluding
refractor
ies
Refractor
ies
Asphalt
roofing
Gypsum
products
46.3
51.3
70.5
70.4
__
__
56.7
49.3
59.2
78.2
88.0
__
__
—
—
—
—
72.1
83.8
13-2
13-11
C a l g la c c
r ilot n lo s s
__
52.5
51.0
__
'—
__
84.3
64.3
__
__
61.2
82.2
70.5
69.3
71.6
92.0
96.3
—
—
77.8
90.9
—
—
62.1
74.8
50.4
49.1
55.7
75.4
87.5
75.6
90.1
51.6
51.5
55.7
72.8
85.2
117.8
115.4
110.3
107.3
105.6
89.2
89.1
90.6
90.9
92.0
97.2
97.6
97.6
97.1
97.3
93.3
92.3
92.5
93.7
97.6
97.0
97.1
97.5
97.3
97.1
97.2
97.2
97.3
96.5
95.7
93.7
94.2
95.0
95.5
95.8
97.6
97.0
96.9
96.4
97.1
97.4
104.9
100.9
95.7
94.5
99.1
101.0
102.1
102.5
105.3
98.9
98.8
100.0
101.8
102.9
103.1
101.2
100.0
98.1
94.6
93.2
95.5
100.0
106.8
111.7
97.5
98.4
100.0
103.7
107.7
96.2
96.0
100.0
104.4
109.6
97.5
98.1
100.0
103.2
106.7
96.3
97.7
100.0
102.6
106.5
96.6
98.2
100.0
102.6
106.2
98.1
98.8
100.0
106.7
109.6
98.7
102.1
100.0
103.1
102.8
101.2
99.6
100.0
103.6
103.6
99.4
98.9
98.6
102.2
115.4
105.3
107.6
107.6
108.5
117.9
93.3
93.4
92.7
91.9
93.1
116.0
120.9
125.6
130.4
148.7
112.9
122.4
126.1
130.2
153.2
115.6
123.2
122.4
121.4
128.8
112.6
121.9
126.9
131.2
148.7
112.2
120.6
125.6
131.7
151.7
109.9
114.6
117.3
123.3
135.2
120.9
126.9
129.0
136.3
143.5
102.7
125.5
131.2
135.5
196.0
99.7
109.3
114.7
120.9
137.6
124.9
131.4
136.4
141.6
147.9
132.3
139.2
145.1
153.0
160.9
93.5
91.3
87.7
90.2
91.3
168.5
179.1
190.2
203.1
228.2
174.0
186.3
200.5
222.8
248.6
139.2
150.0
160.8
172.8
183.9
172.3
186.7
199.0
217.7
244.0
170.5
180.1
191.8
214.0
244.1
151.2
163.5
179.8
197.2
217.9
166.0
184.0
199.5
216.5
236.5
225.9
238.3
253.0
292.0
325.3
144.0
154.4
183.5
229.1
252.3
1935.
1940.
1945.
1950.
1955.
47.5
56.5
60.0
94.8
104.3
__
—
—
107.6
112.9
124.9
120.0
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
107.5
106.2
103.7
103.3
106.3
107.5
105.5
104.2
101.8
101.2
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
104.5
103.7
100.0
101.3
100.4
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
—
—
See footnotes at end of table.
337
Table 140. Producer Price Indexes by commodity group, selected years, 1926-79 1 Continued
—
[1967=100]
Code number
13-9
14
14-1
14-11
14-4
15
15-1
15-2
15-3
15-4
15-9
G lass
contain
ers
Year
13-8
Other
nonmetallic
minerals
Transpor
tation
equip
ment
(Dec.
1968 =
100)
Motor
vehicles
and
equip
ment
Motor
vehicles
Railroad
equip
ment
M iscella
neous
products
Toys,
sporting
goods,
small
arms, etc.
Tobacco
products
Notions
Photo
graphic
equip
ment and
supplies
Other
miscella
neous
products
—
—
—
—
_
_
_
—
—
67.8
85.8
—
—
—
—
1 9 2 6 .................
193 0 .................
1 9 3 5 .................
1 9 4 0 .................
1 9 4 5 .................
1 9 5 0 .................
1955 .................
41.9
39.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
___
___
___
___
___
—
—
—
—
79.2
86.5
—
85.6
90.9
_
73.6
82.7
_
93.3
93.3
_
76.3
82.3
_
81.4
88.3
80.2
91.1
—
—
35.2
40.4
48.3
75.3
86.3
98.8
98.6
98.6
97.8
98.3
102.2
101.8
101.0
100.2
100.0
_
96.7
97.0
97.0
97.0
93.0
93.3
93.7
94.5
95.2
94.7
95.4
95.3
95.5
95.5
90.3
90.3
90.4
92.6
93.9
98.2
97.6
97.4
97.5
97.8
93.4
94.6
96.9
96.8
97.5
94.5
94.8
95.0
94.8
95.1
99.6
99.0
100.0
102.2
103.7
97.4
97.7
100.0
103.1
108.8
95.9
97.7
100.0
102.2
105.2
97.1
98.4
100.0
102.4
105.3
94.1
97.1
100.0
102.0
107.1
97.8
99.2
100.0
100.0
102.9
98.2
97.9
100.0
102.2
102.4
96.0
97.4
100.0
102.6
104.7
__
—
77.9
89.3
1 9 6 0 ..............
1 9 6 1 .................
1 9 6 2 .................
1 9 6 3 .................
1 9 6 4 .................
98.0
97.3
95.8
95.5
96.0
100.8
100.2
100.2
99.4
99.5
_
—
—
—
—
1 9 6 5 .................
1 9 6 6 .................
1 9 6 7 .................
1 9 6 8 .................
1 9 6 9 .................
97.0
98.8
100.0
107.5
114.8
99.3
99.7
100.0
103.2
107.0
_
—
100.8
98.5
98.6
100.0
102.8
104.8
1 9 7 0 .................
19 7 1 .................
1 9 7 2 .................
1 9 7 3 .................
1 9 7 4 .................
120.4
131.5
135.1
138.9
155.5
112.2
124.1
127.0
128.4
188.7
104.6
110.3
113.7
115.1
125.5
108.7
114.9
118.0
119.2
129.2
107.3
113.2
116.0
116.7
125.5
115.1
120.9
128.7
134.7
163.8
109.9
112.9
114.6
119.7
133.1
109.6
112.7
114.4
117.9
132.3
113.6
116.6
117.5
121.9
132.8
108.4
111.9
112.1
114.3
137.4
104.9
106.2
106.7
108.4
116.8
108.7
112.6
116.0
125.4
142.1
1 9 7 5 .................
1 9 7 6 .................
1 9 7 7 .................
1 9 7 8 .................
197 9 .................
179.7
195.4
214.2
244.4
261.1
220.3
232.5
250.5
275.6
313.7
141.5
151.1
161.3
173.5
188.1
144.6
153.8
163.7
176.0
190.5
137.5
146.4
155.7
167.7
181.6
201.2
216.7
233.5
252.8
277.3
147.7
153.7
164.3
184.3
208.7
146.0
150.0
155.2
163.2
176.2
149.6
163.0
179.8
198.5
217.8
151.0
162.3
172.4
182.0
191.8
130.6
136.2
139.9
145.7
153.7
155.5
152.9
167.4
210.6
263.7
—
—
1 Prior data are as follows:
Item
All com m odities.............
1890
1891
1892
1893
1894
1895
1896
1897
1898
1899
1900
1901
1902
1903
1904
1905
1906
1907
All com m odities.............
Industrial
commodities 2 ............
Farm products................
28.9
28.8
26.9
27.5
24.7
25.2
23.9
24.0
25.0
26.9
28.9
28.5
30.4
30.7
30.8
31.0
32.0
33.6
1908
1909
1910
1911
1912
1913
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
1919
1920
1921
1922
1923
1924
1925
32.4
34.9
36.4
33.5
35.6
36.0
35.2
35.8
44.1
60.6
67.6
71.4
79.6
50.3
49.9
51.9
50.5
53.3
37.2
43.7
35.2
43.5
36.1
43.7
46.8
51.7
61.0
78.9
65.9
90.6
68.6
96.4
85.7
92.2
55.7
54.1
54.4
57.4
55.6
60.4
53.1
61.1
54.6
67.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
2 Formerly titled “ All commodities other than farm and foods.”
3 Prices for some items in this grouping have been lagged 1 or 2 months
from Jan. 1958 through Dec. 1979.
4 The index for natural gas was lagged 2 months from Jan. 1958 through
June 1977 and was lagged 1 month from Aug. 1977 through Dec. 1979.
5 This index was lagged 1 month from Jan. 1958 through May 1977. The
lag was eliminated with the publication of the June 1977 index.
6 Prices for gasoline, light distillate, middle distillate, and residual fuels
have been lagged 1 month from Mar. 1973 through Dec. 1979.
7 Prices for some industrial chemicals have been lagged 1 month from
Jan. 1974 through Dec. 1979.
N o t e : For a description of the Producer Price Index, (formerly known as
the Wholesale Price Index), see B L S H a n d b o o k o f M e th o d s Bulletin 1910,
ch. 14.
338
Table 141. Producer Price Indexes by durability of product, selected years, 1947-79
[1967=100]
Year
Total
durable
goods
Total
nondurable
goods
Raw or slightly processed goods
Manufactured goods
Durable
Total
Nondura
ble
Total
Durable
Nondura
ble
1947........................................
1950........................................
1955........................................
59.9
70.2
82.8
89.2
90.6
91.8
72.3
78.4
86.6
59.4
69.6
82.2
86.0
87.7
91.2
95.7
97.5
94.3
82.0
90.8
104.3
96.6
97.9
93.7
I 9 6 0 ........................................
1961........................................
1962........................................
1963........................................
1964........................................
94.1
93.7
93.4
93.4
94.7
95.4
95.1
95.6
95.1
94.7
94.8
94.4
94.5
94.3
94.8
94.1
93.6
93.5
93.5
94.6
95.2
95.0
95.1
94.8
93.7
96.2
95.7
96.9
95.9
94.9
92.1
93.8
87.9
88.3
96.6
96.4
95.8
97.4
96.4
94.8
1965........................................
1966........................................
1967................................... .
1968........................................
1969........................................
95.9
98.1
100.0
103.4
107.8
96.9
100.9
100.0
101.7
105.4
96.3
99.1
100.0
102.6
106.3
95.8
97.9
100.0
103.5
107.7
96.8
100.0
100.0
101.5
104.6
98.1
103.7
100.0
102.2
108.1
103.2
107.4
100.0
99.6
114.2
97.8
103.5
100.0
102.3
107.8
1970........................................
1971........................................
1972........................................
1973........................................
1974........................................
112.4
116.9
121.1
127.9
150.1
108.9
111.8
117.6
**139.9
167.6
110.2
113.9
117.9
129.2
154.1
112.1
117.0
121.1
127.4
148.6
108.2
110.6
114.7
131.0
159.5
111.4
114.8
124.6
162.5
189.7
123.8
112.3
115.0
149.4
216.7
110.8
114.9
125.1
163.2
188.2
1 975........................................
1976........................................
1977........................................
1978........................................
1979........................................
165.8
176.0
188.1
204.9
226.9
181.7
*188.0
198.4
211.9
241.7
171.1
179.0
190.1
204.2
228.8
165.6
175.6
188.1
204.7
226.1
176.6
182.1
191.8
203.0
231.1
193.4
202.3
213.8
234.6
270.4
171.6
187.8
186.5
209.6
262.1
194.6
202.7
215.1
235.6
270.1
N o t e : For description of the series by durability of product, see
W h o le
s a le P ric e s a n d P ric e In d e x e s, S u p p le m e n t 1976, D a ta fo r 1975.
339
Table 142. Industry-sector price indexes for the output of selected industries, 1959-79
[1967=100 unless otherwise indicated]
1972 SIC
Code
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1011
1092
1111
1211
1311
Iron ore (12/75= 100).....................................................................
Mercury ores (1 2 /7 5 -1 0 0 ).............................................................
Anthracite........................................................................................ 108.6
Bituminous coal and lignite............................................................. 95.3
Crude petroleum and natural g a s................................................... 95.4
107.4
94.7
96.7
103.0
93.9
98.0
101.4
93.2
98.6
103.3
93.0
98.4
105.7
92.8
98.2
100.9
93.0
98.1
99.6
95.5
98.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
107.2
103.5
101.0
117.0
112.2
104.8
1421
1442
1455
1475
1476
1477
Crushed and broken store.............................................................. 94.6
Construction sand and gravel......................................................... 90.9
Kaolin and ball clay (6 /7 6 -1 0 0 )....................................................
Phosphate rock............................................................................... 68.0
Rock salt......................................................................................... 100.0
Sulfur............................................................................................... 69.6
95.1
91.8
96.0
91.8
96.8
92.9
98.5
93.7
97.4
94.8
97.5
96.1
97.7
97.8
100.0
100.0
102.9
104.6
106.8
108.8
73.7
100.0
69.6
79.4
100.0
69.6
81.0
100.0
69.6
83.7
100.0
69.6
87.4
100.0
69.6
93.7
100.0
75.6
98.4
100.0
76.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
122.9
100.0
104.7
110.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
101.6 113.4
101.2 115.94
105.5 114.4
102.9 105.0
Industry
MINING INDUSTRIES
MANUFACTURIN G INDUSTRIES
2011
2013
2016
2021
2022
Sausages and other prepared meats..............................................
Poultry dressing plants.................................................................... 108.2
Creamery butter..............................................................................
Natural and processed cheese (1 2/72= 100)................................
2024
2026
2033
2034
2041
Ice cream and frozen desserts (12/72— 100)................................
Fluid milk M 9/7?l— 10ft\
Canned fruits and vegetables.........................................................
Dried and dehydrated fruits and vegetables (1 2 /7 3 = 3 0 0 )...........
Flour and other grain mill products (12/71— 100)..........................
2042
2044
2045
2048
2051
PrpnareH Animal faarlc M9/71 — 100^
R ice milling...................................................................................... 100.6
RIonrloH anrl nronaroH 1
LJlvl fUwU C IU pi Upul CU flrtnr M 9 /7 * — 1w / ................. ..................
U
IUUI \ IC/ f 4 —
▼
—
Prepared feeds, n.e.c. ( 1 2 /7 5 -1 0 0 ) ..............................................
Bread and related products (12/73= 100).....................................
2052
2061
2062
2063
2067
Biscuits, crackers, and c o o k ie s ......................................................
Raw cane sugar..............................................................................
Cane sugar refining.........................................................................
Beet sugar.......................................................................................
Chewing gum...................................................................................
2074
2075
2077
2079
2082
Cottonseed oil m ills.........................................................................
Soybean oil mills.............................................................................
Animal and marine fats and o ils .....................................................
Shortening and cooking o ils............................................................
Malt liquors......................................................................................
2083
2084
Malt..................................................................................................
Wines and brandy................................. ................................ ....
112.4
98.7
101.9
100.7
99.0
102.7
111.6
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
100.0
—
—
105.3
—
—
104.4
—
—
95.1
99.6
104.5
104.2
100.4
98.1
98.7
100.0
100.0
96.9
—
—
—
—
—
103.1
103.1
102.2
102.4
104.7
104.7
107.3
105.0
100.2
103.1
96.0
93.5
98.1
101.4
100.4
90.1
95.6
111.8
101.5
103.2
97.1
103.3
97.1
104.3
—
—
—
—
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
94.5
100.3
103.1
103.1
103.1
103.1
100.8
100.0
92.3
85.0
99.9
94.2
91.9
87.7
93.9
110.9
89.0
97.8
88.3
97.1
100.7
97.5
95.1
97.1
86.3
97.2
88.0
97.6
99.5
97.9
102.9
98.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
92.4
92.3
92.9
99.1
99.1
97.5
99.9
98.5
100.0
100.0
See footnotes at end of table.
—
340
Table 142. Industry-sector indexes for the output of selected industries, 1959-79— Continued
[1967 = 100 unless otherwise indicated]
1972 SIC
Code
Industry
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
—
372.6
387.2
239.4
1976
1977
1978
1979
MINING INDUSTRIES
107.2 116.6 121.9 134.8
103.1 117.5 126.6 234.4
—
—
—
—
367.7 388.7 430.2 451.3
266.8 317.0 358.2 459.8
1011
1092
1111
1211
1311
Iron ore (1 2 /7 5 -1 0 0 )..............................................................................
Mercury ores (1 2 /7 5 -1 0 0 )................................................. ....................
Anthracite..................................................................................................
Bituminous coal and lignite......................................................................
Crude petroleum and natural g a s .............................................................
—
131.5
151.9
106.1
—
144.8
185.2
114.3
—
—
—
151.0 166.8 246.9
197.4 222.5 339.6
115.4 127.2 199.8
1421
1442
1455
1475
1476
1477
Crushed and broken stone.......................................................................
Construction sand and gravel..................................................................
Kaolin and ball clay (6 /7 6 -1 0 0 )..............................................................
Phosphate rock.........................................................................................
Rock salt...................................................................................................
Sulfur.........................................................................................................
112.4
115.3
—
89.9
110.7
67.6
117.8
120.8
—
79.8
118.3
59.8
120.2
123.3
—
79.8
124.4
59.8
122.7
127.6
—
79.8
124.4
—
133.0 147.6
139.1 157.0
—
—
—
—■
—
—
—
—
—
167.4
—
—
—
—
—
178.6
104.1
—
—
—
—
—
194.6 217.6
111.8 125.8
—
—
—
—
—
—
M A N U FA C T U R IN G INDUSTRIES
2011
2013
2016
2021
2022
Meatpacking p lan ts...................................................................................
Sausages and other prepared meats........................................................
Poultry dressing plants..............................................................................
Creamery butter........................................................................................
Natural and processed cheese (12/72—100)..........................................
115.6
118.8
112.5
109.9
—
115.5
110.8
111.0
113.1
—
130.5
126.8
113.8
116.4
—
168.0
169.5
175.6
131.7
112.3
168.4
163.1
157.1
139.8
124.1
195.4
195.2
181.5
158.6
134.9
176.6
184.4
165.3
173.9
148.9
177.9 216.7 247.4
179.9 215.2 219.6
172.1 192.5 187.1
183.9 205.2 228.8
152.0 169.6 189.2
2024
2026
2033
2034
2041
Ice cream and frozen desserts (12/72— 100).........................................
Fluid milk (1 2 /7 3 -1 0 0 ).................................................. .........................
Canned fruits and vegetables...................................................................
Dried and dehydrated fruits and vegetables (1 2 /7 3 = 100).....................
Flour and other grain mill products (12/71— 100)....................................
___
—
—
111.7
—
—
_
—
115.6
—
103.8
103.3
—
123.6
—
140.5
117.2
105.4
150.6
105.4
177.7
127.3
109.0
169.2
100.8
163.6
135.7
143.8
—
107.7
—
—
168.5
103.3
153.2
2042
2044
2045
2048
2051
Prepared animal feeds (12/71— 100).......................................................
Rice milling......................... ......................................................................
%
Blended and prepared flour (1 2 /7 4 -1 0 0 )...............................................
Prepared feeds, n.e.c. (1 2 /7 5 - 1 0 0 ) ........................................................
Bread and related products (12/73 — 100)...............................................
—
97.0
—
—
—
—
98.9
—
—
—
106.4
110.9
—
—
—
162.2
207.0
—
—
—
175.0
285.0
—
—
109.1
168.5
209.9
98.5
—
118.8
—
157.7
—
107.8
—
2052
2061
2062
2063
2067
Biscuits, crackers, and c o o k ie s ............................ ....................................
Raw cane sugar........................................................................................
Cane sugar refining...................................................................................
Beet sugar................................................................................................
Chewing gum.............................................................................................
113.3
111.2
113.0
111.7
107.0
119.3
116.9
118.3
116.8
123.6
122.0
125.1
124.9
120.8
125.9
129.7
140.5
136.1
128.9
126.2
___
___
___
_
168.0 196.4
395.0 314.6 186.0 147.3 190.7 210.3
—
—
—
—
329.0 314.9
326.0 302.8 176.5 158.4 188.5 202.6
144.6 195.1 202.7 203.4 218.0 245.8
2074
2075
2077
2079
2082
Cottonseed oil m ills................................... ............................................. .
Soybean oil mills.......................................................................................
Animal and marine fats and o ils ................................................ ..............
Shortening and cooking o ils.....................................................................
Malt liquors........................................................................... ...................
105.5
110.1
131.6
112.5
106.0
111.1
111.4
125.7
121.3
110.5
110.6
128.1
132.5
120.2
110.7
177.4
258.1
271.8
147.1
111.6
197.6
228.7
269.2
229.0
122.2
161.9 177.9 185.8
187.2 196.4 232.3
222.4 243.2 268.8
—
—
211.5
136.9
—
—
2083
2084
W ines and brandy.....................................................................................
94.6
108.0
98.5
117.1
94.2
125.2
121.3
133.5
206.2
147.7
266.6
156.9
See footnotes at end of table.
—
223.9
—
179.5
125.0
130.7
154.8
—
193.2
131.3
147.0
172.5
—
208.6
174.2
173.1
—
170.9
—
109.2
—
—
207.6
—
107.3
—
—
204.0
—
120.4
—
—
208.5
—
183.1
225.6
287.9
207.4
245.0
338.4
—
—
—
—
181.5 203.7
—
—
Table 142. Industry-sector price indexes for the output of selected industries, 1959-79— Continued
[1967=100 unless otherwise indicated]
1972 SIC
Code
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
77.0
74.4
80.0
94.1
89.5
83.3
88.7
102.1
100.0
107.4
117.7
89.6
99.7
83.9
89.6
99.7
84.6
89.6
99.7
85.8
92.0
99.6
88.9
93.3
99.6
92.1
93.6
99.6
92.6
96.6
100.0
100.0
100.2
89.5
99.8
81.7
Industry
M ANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES— Continued
2085
2086
2091
2092
2095
Distilled liquor, excluding brandy (12/75=100).
Bottled and canned soft drinks (12/73=100)...
Canned and cured seafoods (1 2/73= 100).....
Fresh or frozen packaged fish.........................
Roasted coffee (12/72= 100)..........................
2098
2111
2121
2131
2211
Macaroni and noodle products.......
Cigarettes.........................................
C ig ars..............................................
Chewing and smoking tobacco.......
Weaving mills, cotton (12/72=100)
2251
2254
2257
2261
2262
Women’s hosiery, excluding socks (12/75= 100)..........................
Knit underwear m ills........................................................................
Circular knit fabric (6 /7 6 = 1 0 0 )......................................................
Finishers of broad woven fabrics of cotton (6/7 6 = 1 00)...............
Finishers of broad woven fabrics of manmade fiber (6/76=100)..
2271
2272
2281
2282
2284
Woven carpets and rugs (12/75=100)
Tufted carpets and ru g s......................
Yarns mills, except wool (12/71 = 100)
Yarn texturizing (6/76 = 100)................
Thread mills (6 /7 6 = 1 0 0 ).....................
2297
2311
2321
2322
2323
Scouring and combining plants (12/73=100)
Men’s and boys’ suits and co ats...................
Men’s dress shirts and nightwear...................
M en’s and boys’ underwear...........................
M en’s and boys’ neckwear (12/75= 100)......
2327
2328
2337
2341
2342
Men’s and boys’ separate trousers.......................
Working clothing....................................................
Women’s suits, coats, and skirts (12/71 = 100)....
W omen’s and children’s underwear (12/72=100)
Brassieres and allied garments (12/75= 100).......
2381
2421
2426
2431
2432
Fabric dress and work gloves.................
Sawmills and planing mills (12/71 = 100)
Hardwood dimension and flooring..........
Millwork plants (12/71 = 100)..................
Veneer and plywood (12/71 = 100)........
2436
2439
2442
2448
2451
Softwood veneer and plywood (12/75=100),
Structural wood members (12/75= 100).......
Wirebound boxes and crates (12/67=100)...
Wood pallets and skids (12/75= 100)...........
Mobile homes (12/74= 100)..........................
2492
2511
Particleboard (12/75= 100)...............................................
Wood household furniture, not upholstered (12/71 =100)
100.0
86.9
92.2
86.7
94.0
89.4
94.7
92.1
95.2
94.7
95.7
105.3
100.4
100.2
100.0
100.0
106.0
103.0
102.8
114.2
107.8
105.9
100.0 100.0
99.3
97.8
98.0
—
100.0
92.4
92.4
94.4
94.2
94.5
94.3
96.2
100.0
100.0
102.2 105.1
90.3
102.9
105.8
84.1
86.5
88.2
91.9
93.5
95.0
95.0
96.2
100.0
104.2
108.4
100.0
106.6
118.3
104.5
108.1
See footnotes at end of table.
85.5
91.5
103.2
100.0
82.9
90.0
100.0
101.4
107.6
100.8 103.4
101.1 107.0
102.3
342
Table 142. Industry-sector price indexes for the output of selected industries, 1959-79— Continued
[1967=100 unless otherwise Indicated]
1972 SIC
Code
1974
1975
1976
1977
—
—
141.6
—
—
— 119.0
— 107.2
—
166.6 200.2 202.9
— 104.7 120.7
147.7
107.0
218.5
131.4
100.1
—
113.0
276.0
188.4
100.9
—
129.7
292.3
315.4
104.5
114.5
106.4
114.4
—
106.2
117.3
108.1
125.0
—
107.3
118.2
109.1
125.6
—
126.6
122.9
111.6
129.4
110.0
168.3
134.7
117.8
137.6
134.8
174.1
152.3
123.2
167.8
136.8
170.2
167.0
126.2
183.4
162.8
168.0 176.9 199.7
185.1 204.6 225.0
130.8 141.4 147.3
199.4 222.0 248.4
173.6 181.1 195.3
2251
2254
2257
2261
2262
—
W omen’s hosiery, excluding socks (12/75— 100)...................................
Knit underwear m ills................................................................................. 106.6
—
Circular knit fabric (6/76— 100)...............................................................
—
Finishers of broad woven fabric of cotton (6/76= 100)..........................
Finishers of broad woven fabric manmade (6 /7 6 = 1 0 0 )........................
—
—
107.9
—
—
—
—
110.0
—
—
—
—
113.8
—
—
—
—
130.6
—
—
—
135.1
—
—
—
102.8
—
—
—
—
97.1
156.2
98.8
108.7
£9.5
91.5
164.1
98.5
111.0
101.4
97.5
173.3
95.2
121.8
107.2
2271
2272
2281
2282
2284
Woven carpets and rugs (12/75= 100)...................................................
Tufted carpets and ru g s ................................................................. *
........
Yarns mills, except wool ( 1 2 /7 1 -1 0 0 )...................................................
Yarn texturizing (6/76— 100)....................................................................
Thread mills ( 6 / 7 6 - 1 0 0 ) .........................................................................
_
98.5
—
—
—
—
96.2
—
—
—
_
95.5
104.7
—
—
_
100.5
124.8
—
—
—
110.5
149.4
—
—
—
114.1
129.8
—
—
100.3
117.8
162.4
—
—
108.6
121.2
165.8
97.8
110.8
114.7
125.3
167.4
99.2
114.6
128.0
176.7
107.4
123.7
2297
2311
2321
2322
2323
—
Scouring and combining plants (12/73 — 100).........................................
Men’s and boys’ suits and co ats.............................................................. 121.4
Men’s dress shirts and nightwear............................................................. 110.8
Men’s and boys’ underwear..................................................................... 108.1
Men’s and boys’ neckwear (12/75— 100)................................................
—
—
128.3
112.3
110.5
—
—
132.6
112.7
112.2
—
—
139.2
119.3
119.7
—
82.6
151.6
136.5
147.3
—
70.9
160.4
143.8
149.2
—
—
—
158.3
154.3
100.0
—
—
177.6
172.0
100.3
—
—
194.3 204.2
180.8 194.0
180.6 188.9
102.3 106.5
2327
2328
2337
2341
2342
M en’s and boys’ separate trousers.......................................................... 107.2
Working clothing....................................................................................... 110.3
—
Women’s suits, coats, and skirts (12/71 = 100)......................................
—
Women’s and children’s underwear (12/72— 100)..................................
Brassieres and allied garments (12/75— 100).........................................
—
110.6
113.8
—
—
108.5
117.1
100.3
—
—
110.1
124.2
101.3
102.7
—
120.4
153.3
105.5
114.1
—
127.2
157.5
104.7
116.0
—
140.6
—
—
122.3
103.8
147.7
—
—
128.2
107.3
152.7 161.5
195.2 208.6
—
—
132.1 144.3
111.7 116.9
2381
2421
2426
2431
2432
Fabric dress and work gloves.................................................................. 111.9
—
Sawmills and planing mills ( 1 2 /7 1 -1 0 0 ).................................................
Hardwood dimension and flooring............................................................ 113.3
—
Millwork plants (1 2 /7 1 -1 0 0 )...................................................................
Veneer and plywood (12/71—100)..........................................................
—
111.5
—
115.6
—
—
120.7
111.1
126.1
103.5
112.3
134.8
142.8
168.3
116.1
136.8
175.8
143.2
180.7
127.1
138.7
172.1
133.5
160.6
131.1
140.8
179.4
163.1
—
—
—
199.7 214.4
195.0 228.9
—
—
—
—
—
—
241.4
251.0
—
—
—
2436
2439
2442
2448
2451
_
Softwood veneer and plywood (12/75= 100)..........................................
—
Structural wood members (12/75= 100).................................................
Wirebound boxes and crates (12/67— 100)............................................. 114.3
—
Wood pallets and skids (1 2 /7 5 -1 0 0 ).....................................................
Mobile homes (1 2 /7 4 -1 0 0 )....................................................................
—
—
—
117.6
—
—
_
—
124.2
—
—
_
—
143.7
—
—
_
—
171.4
—
—
_
—
175.4
—
102.0
114.7
106.3
—
105.3
108.1
134.9
120.4
—
119.6
116.8
150.1
136.2
—
149.4
126.5
152.3
151.2
—
166.5
138.2
2492
2511
Particle board (1 2 /7 5 - 1 0 0 ) ....................................................................
Wood household furniture, not upholstered (12/71 = 1 0 0 ).....................
100.2
134.6
120.1
141.6
159.7
152.4
139.1
165.5
1970
1971
2085
2086
2091
2092
2095
Distilled liquor, excluding brandy (12/75— 100).......................................
—
Bottled and canned soft drinks (12/73— 100)................................l........
—
Canned and cured seafoods (12 /7 3 = 1 0 0 )............................................
Fresh and frozen packaged fish .............................................................. 123.7
Roasted coffee (1 2 /7 2 -1 0 0 )..................................................................
—
2098
2111
2121
2131
2211
Macaroni and noodle products........................... ..................................
Cigarettes..................................................................................................
C ig a rs.......................................................................................................
Chewing and smoking tobacco................................................................
Weaving mills, cotton ( 1 2 /7 2 - 1 0 0 ) ........................................................
Industry
1972
1973
1978
1979
M A N U FA C T U R IN G INDU STRIES— C o n tin u e d
See footnotes at end of table.
343
—
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
—
102.0
107.7
119.4
127.5
106.7 113.7
—
—
136.4 146.4
303.8 381.6
262.3 254.5
i
Table 142. Industry-sector price indexes for the output of selected industries, 1959-79— Continued
[1967=100 unless otherwise indicated]’
1972 SIC
Code
Industry
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
81.7
84.5
85.1
85.7
86.4
87.0
88.4
92.3
100.0
100.0
102.5
103.6
106.9
109.0
100.0
105.1
108.8
100.0
100.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.9
100.4
99.7
100.9
100.0
98.8
98.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
97.5
102.2
91.5
91.5
104.3
109.2
114.0
100.0
105.2
110.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
107.5
102.5
103.7
114.8
105.6
108.4
MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES—Continued
2512
2515
2521
2611
2621
Wood household furniture, upholstered (12/71 = 1 0 0)..................
Mattresses and bedsprings............................................................
Wood office furniture......................................................................
Pulp mills (12/73 = 100).................................................................
Papermills except building papermills (1 2 /7 4 = 1 0 0 )....................
2631
2647
2652
2654
2655
Paperboard mills (12/74 = 100).....................................................
Sanitary paper products.................................................................
Set-up paperboard boxes (1 2 /7 2 = 1 0 0 ).......................................
Sanitary food containers................................................................
Fiber cans, drums, and similar products (12/75= 100).................
2812
2819
2821
2822
2823
Alkalies and chlorine (12/71 = 1 0 0 )...............................................
Inorganic chemicals, n.e.c. (1 2 /7 3 = 1 0 0 ^ ...................................
Plastics materials and resins (6/7 6 = 1 0 0 )....................................
Synthetic rubber........................................................ ..................... 103.9
Cellulosic manmade fib e rs............................................................ 105.6
2824
2834
2841
2844
2873
Organic fibers, noncellulosic..........................................................
Pharmaceutical preparations (12/71 = 1 0 0 )..................................
Soap and other detergents (12/71 = 100).....................................
Perfumes, cosmetics, and other toilet preparations (12/71 = 100),
Nitrogenous fertilizers (12/75= 100).............................................
2874
2875
2892
2911
2951
Phosphatic fertilizers...... ...............................................................
Fertilizers, mixing only....................................................................
Explosives......................................................................................
Petroleum refining (12/76 = 1 0 0 )..................................................
Paving mixtures and blocks (12/75= 100)....................................
2952
3011
3021
3031
3111
Asphalt felts and coatings (1 2 /7 5 = 1 0 0 )......................................
Tires and inner tubes (12/73 = 100)..............................................
Rubber footwear (12/71 =100)......................................................
Reclaimed rubber (12/73 = 100)....................................................
Leather tanning and finishing (1 2/77= 100)....... ..........................
3121
3141
3142
3143
3144
Industrial leather belting and packing............................................
Shoes, except rubber (12/71 = 1 0 0 )..............................................
House slippers (12/75= 100).........................................................
Men’s footwear, except athletic (12/75= 100)..............................
Women’s footwear, except athletic...............................................
3171
Women’s handbags and purses (1 2 /7 5 = 1 0 0 ).............................
Flat glass (12/71= 100).................................................................
G lass containers............................................................................ . 100.8
Cement, hydraulic.......................................................................... . 98.4
Brick and structural clay tile.......................................................... . 89.9
Ceramic wall and floor tile (12/75= 100)......................................
3211
3221
3241
3251
3253
—
91.8
See footnotes at end of table.
344
103.9
100.5
—
94.5
98.1
100.3
91.2
103.6
99.3
—
97.0
97.2
100.1
91.7
100.3
99.2
—
97.0
95.8
99.8
92.8
101.3
99.5
—
100.4
95.5
98.4
93.6
101.0
100.3
—
100.0
96.0
97.9
94.5
100.9
100.2
—
99.7
96.9
98.1
95.6
101.0
100.4
—
98.2
98.8
98.4
98.2
Table 142. Industry-sector price indexes for the output of selected industries, 1959-79— Continued
[1967 = 100 unless otherwise indicated]
1972 SIC
Code
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
2512
2515
2521
2611
2621
_
Wood household furniture, upholstered (1 2/71= 100)..............................
Mattresses and bed springs....................................................................... 107.7
Wood office furniture.................................................................................. 114.2
—
Pulp mills (1 2 /7 3 -1 0 0 )— ..........................................................................
Papermills except building papermills (1 2 /7 4 = 1 0 0 ).................................
—
_
108.9
117.5
—
—
101.1
110.7
119.8
—
—
105.8
114.4
126.1
—
—
116.5
124.8
147.1
143.2
—
124.1
132.7
160.1
183.1
101.7
129.5
138.2
166.3
186.5
106.4
136.6
145.6
178.6
185.3
110.7
2631
2647
2652
2654
2655
—
Paperboard mills (12/74— 10 0 ).................................................................
Sanitary paper products............................................................................. 115.0
—
Set-up paperboard boxes (12/72— 100)...................................................
Sanitary food containers............................................................................. 102.2
Fiber cans drums and similar products (12/75 — 100).............................
—
119.2
—
105.4
—
120.7
—
107.1
—
124.7
107.6
110.2
—
155.2
130.6
128.6
100.5 103.6 104.4
193.5 212.8 234.4
—
—
140.0
146.8 154.3 163.2
106.4 114.7
106.4
251.4
—
170.8
123.0
2812
2819
2821
2822
2823
Alkalies and chlorine ( 1 2 /7 1 - 1 0 0 ) ...........................................................
—
Inorganic chemicals, n.e.c. (12/73— 100)1.................................................
—
Plastics materials and resins (6/76—100)................................................
Synthetic rubber.......................................................................................... 100.0
Cellulosic manmade fib e rs......................................................................... 100.9
—
—
99.8
102.4
—
100.0
106.2
—
—
100.8
109.0
126.5
124.6
—
132.7
129.2
186.4
168.9
—
150.8
145.8
198.5
—
—
159.3
—
198.9
—
102.3
169.3
—
198.8 208.8
—
—
103.8 121.2
180.5 210.3
—
—
2824
2834
2841
2844
2873
Organic fibers, noncellulosic......................................................................
Pharmaceutical preparations (12/71 = 100)...............................................
Soap and other detergents (12/71— 100).................................................
Perfumes, cosmetics, and other toilet preparations ( 1 2 /7 1 - 1 0 0 ) ..........
Nitrogenous fertilizers (12/75 - 1 0 0 ) ..........................................................
98.5
—
—
—
—
98.0
—
—
—
—
98.0
100.5
100.1
99.0
—
97.9
101.9
103.0
98.7
—
100.8
108.4
122.3
105.6
—
101.5
118.9
141.2
114.3
—
102.2
—
—
—
95.5
106.5
—
—
—
97.7
107.6
—
—
—
96.6
2874
2875
2892
2911
2951
Phosphatic fertilizers.................................................................................. 87.6
Fertilizers, mixing only................................................................................ 95.2
Explosives................................................................................................... 106.3
—
Petroleum refining (12/76 - 1 0 0 ) ................................................................
Paving mixtures and blocks (12/75— 100).................................................
—
91.8
102.5
112.8
—
—
90.4
103.1
114.8
—
—
96.0
114.0
119.5
—
—
134.7
163.6
146.6
—
—
189.0
195.5
174.4
—
—
156.9 160.1 166.0 193.8
177.1 176.6 181.9 203.8
186.6 200.8 217.3 239.4
— 113.8 119.6 163.6
101.8 107.4 117.1 134.3
2952
3011
3021
3031
3111
Asphalt felts and coatings (12/75— 100).................................................
Tires and inner tubes (1 2 /7 3 -1 0 0 )...........................................................
Rubber footwear (12/71 =100)..................................................................
Reclaimed rubber (1 2 /7 3 -1 0 0 )................................................................
Leather tanning and finishing (1 2/77= 100)....................... ......................
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
107.0
—
—
—
113.6
—
—
114.6
128.2
115.7
_
128.0
133.0
127.0
104.3
138.9
135.9
140.3
111.1
146.1
148.7
148.5
128.2
154.0
158.7
154.3
119.1
142.5
176.4
171.1
170.0
167.5
3121
3141
3142
3143
3144
Industrial leather belting and packing........................................................ 120.3
—
Shoes, except rubber (12/71 = 100)..........................................................
—
House slippers (12/75= 100).....................................................................
—
M en’s footwear, except athletic (1 2/75= 100)..........................................
W omen’s footwear, except athletic............................................................ 114.3
125.6
—
—
—
116.9
132.4
106.4
—
—
123.5
145.3
111.4
—
—
125.3
159.0
119.2
—
—
131.7
173.6
126.0
—
—
139.2
_
—
103.5
106.8
146.6
_
—
108.9
115.1
151.9
_
—
122.5
127.1
164.1
_
—
135.8
152.7
194.5
3171
3211
3221
3241
3251
3253
—
W omen’s handbags and purses (1 2 /7 5 = 1 0 0 ).........................................
—
Flat glass (12/71= 100)..............................................................................
G lass containers............................................................................. ........... 120.3
Cement, hydraulic....................................................................................... 110.7
Brick and structural clay tile ....................................................................... 113.2
Ceramic wall and floor tile (1 2/75= 100)........................ ..........................
—
_
_
—
99.3
131.4 135.1
124.4 131.9
118.6 123.5
—
—
_
99.8
138.9
137.2
131.9
—
_
_ 101.9 102.9 111.4 128.9
105.6 113.7 123.6 132.1 142.7 151.7
155.5 179.6 195.4 214.1 244.3 261.1
161.9 193.3 212.6 228.5 251.2 283.2
143.9 160.6 176.1 201.8 230.8 258.6
—
— 105.8 108.0 107.7 117.2
Industry
1978
1979
M AN UFACTURING INDUSTRIES— Continued
See footnotes at end of table.
345
—
143.1 150.0
156.3 165.7
194.4 215.3
178.5 200.6
115.7 130.2
119.8
277.7
—
188.7
134.8
117.6
—
—
—
103.4
Table 142. Industry-sector price indexes for the output of selected industries, 1959-79— Continued
[1967=100 unless otherwise indicated]
1972 SIC
Code
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
3255
3259
3261
3262
3263
Clay refractories.............................................................................. 94.8
Structural clay products, n.e.c......................................................... 91.0
Vitreous plumbing fixtures.............................................................. 105.7
Vitreous china food utensils............................................................ 84.8
Fine earthware food utensils........................................................... 86.9
94.8
92.7
106.5
86.1
88.7
94.1
93.4
104.2
86.6
91.4
93.7
94.1
94.5
87.1
92.5
93.8
94.6
91.3
87.4
92.5
96.4
95.5
92.9
90.0
92.6
97.7
96.0
96.5
90.5
92.6
98.5
97.4
99.3
95.2
95.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
107.3
101.0
102.9
109.1
104.2
110.7
101.9
106.2
115.4
108.5
3269
3271
3273
3274
3275
Pottery products, n.e.c. (12/75— 100)............................................
Concrete block and brick................................................................
Ready-mix co n crete........................................................................
Lime (1 2 /7 5 -1 0 0 ).........................................................................
Gypsum products............................................................................
94.0
95.7
96.1
96.4
95.9
96.7
94.7
97.0
94.5
96.7
95.5
96.1
97.2
96.6
98.8
98.0
100.0
100.0
104.2
102.7
107.9
107.3
98.7
98.7
100.6
101.7
102.1
104.8
100.9
99.4
100.0
103.5
103.6
3291
3297
3312
3313
3315
Abrasive products (1 2 /7 1 - 1 0 0 ) ..................................................................
Nonclay refractories (12/74—100).................................................
Blast furnace and steel m ills...........................................................
Electrometallurgical products ( 1 2 /7 5 - 1 0 0 ) ..................................
Steel wire drawing, etc....................................................................
97.0
96.8
96.5
96.1
96.3
97.1
97.6
98.9
100.0
102.3
107.0
100.0
101.6
106.5
3316
3317
3321
3222
3333
Cold rolled steel sheet, strip, and bars...........................................
100.0
100.0
104.1
102.0
109.4
106.1
101.3
100.0
97.7
105.7
100.0
100.0
102.6
114.5
105.7
117.3
100.0
107.0
118.6
104.6
100.0
103.7
Industry
M A N U FA C T U R IN G INDU STRIES— C o ntin ued
3334
3339
3341
3351
3352
3353
3354
3355
3356
3411
3423
3425
3431
3452
3465
3482
3491
3493
3494
3496
Q tflol n in o anH tn K o
nra\< iron fo i m rlrioe M 9 / A A — IflfW
M a llo a h lo iron fo n n ririo c /19/7*? — 1001) ......................... .................................. .••••
IVIallUClUlu HUM lUUMUMUo \ \ £ . f t O — \ \ J \ J
Primary/ 7 in r
Primarv/ alum inum
Primary nonferrous metals, n.e.c..................................................................
Q c u u n u d iy n o n iu m u iic m a ta lc M 9/71 — iu u j
O aoonrion/ n u m fa rrou o iiiuiciia \ \ £ / / i — 1001 ...........................................
79.0
Copper rolling and draw ing ............................................................................
Aluminum rolling and drawing (1 2 /6 8 = 1 0 0 ) ..........................................
81.5
76.8
75.8
75.0
79.8
88.9
98.5
Aluminum sheet, plate, and foil (1 2 /7 5 -1 0 0 )................................
Aluminum extruded products (1 2 /7 5 -1 0 0 ) .............................................
Aluminum rolling and drawing, n.e.c. (12/75— 100).......................
Rolling, drawing, and extruding of metals, except copper and
aluminum (1 2 /7 1 -1 0 0 )..............................................................
Metal c a n s .............................................................................................................
Hand and edge tools (12/67= 100)................................................
—
Handsaws and saw blades (12/72=100).......................................
Metal plumbing fixtures .................................................................................... 109.2
—
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers (1 2 /7 3 -1 0 0 )...............................
102.7
—
112.4
—
112.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
106.2
—
—
101.7
—
—
—
—
99.8
98.3
99.1
—
—
—
—
100.0
—
—
108.1
—
101.7
106.3
—
—
A u tn m viiY o eta m n iiiy \ i c * i t u — i w /
n u iviM n tiuw oicu iipin n /19/7*? — 1001 .................... .......................................
Q m all a n n c a m m u n ition \ >£/ /u — i w y
wiiicui a rm o aiimivjiiiuuM M 9 / 7 H — 1001 ................... .................
Metal barrels, drums, and pails (12/73= 100)................................
—
Steel springs, except w ire ........................... ........................................
—
Valves and pipe fitting (12/71 — 100)..............................................
Collapsible tu b e s ............................................................................ 104.4
See footnotes at end of table.
346
102.2
100.6
—
—
100.9
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
100.8
101.3
99.5
99.1
100.0
—
100.0
102.3
—
105.4
106.1
—
108.7
Table 142. Industry-sector price indexes for the output of selected industries, 1959-79— Continued
[1967=100 unless otherwise indicated]
1972 SIC
Code
1970
Industry
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
122.7
105.8
106.2
124.2
112.6
128.7
109.1
112.4
132.4
125.5
130.7
110.2
115.8
138.5
139.4
138.6
112.4
121.0
146.9
143.2
145.3
130.0
134.9
170.8
155.6
168.8
148.8
147.1
197.1
189.4
—
—
118.3
122.4
—
123.8
127.5
—
151.3
152.8
—
1977
1978
1979
188.3 203.4
155.3 165.3
159.3 174.2
213.1 233.3
195.9 209.5
221.4
176.3
189.7
268.8
228.1
242.1
189.2
207.4
295.2
245.0
1976
M ANUFACTURIN G INDUSTRIES— Continued
3255
3259
3261
3262
3263
Clay refractories............................................................................................
Structural clay produces, n.e.c......................................................................
Vitreous plumbing fixtures............................................................................
Vitreous china food utensils.........................................................................
Fine earthware food utensils........................................................................
3269
3271
3273
3274
3275
Pottery products, n.e.c. (12/75— 100)........................................................
Concrete block and brick.............................................................................
Ready-mix concrete.....................................................................................
Lime (1 2/75-100).......................................................................................
Gypsum products..........................................................................................
3291
3297
3312
3313
3315
Abrasive products (12/71 =100).................................................................
Nonclay refractories (12/74=100)......................................... ....................
Blast furnace and steel mills........................................................................
Electrometallurgical products (12/75=100)..............................................
Steel wire drawing, etc.................................................................................
3316
3317
3321
3322
3333
Cold finishing of steel shapes......................................................................
Steel pipe and tube......................................................................................
Gray iron foundaries (12/68=100).............................................................
Malleable iron foundaries (12/73=100).....................................................
Primary zinc...................................................................................................
112.1
113.3
3334
3339
3341
3351
3352
Primary aluminum..........................................................................................
Primary nonferrous metals, n.e.c....................................................... ..........
Secondary nonferrous metals (12/71 = 100).............................................
Copper rolling and drawing..........................................................................
Aluminum rolling and drawing (12/68=100) ............................................
112.9
135.8
—
101.4
112.1
—
130.3
108.6
119.1
107.5
3353
3354
3355
3356
_
_
—
_
—
—
3411
Aluminum sheet, plate and foil (12/75=100).............................................
Aluminum extruded products (12/75=100)...............................................
Aluminum rolling and drawing, n.e.c. (12/75=100)...................................
Rolling, drawing, and extruding of metals, except copper and
aluminum (12/71 — 100)............................................................................
Metal can s.....................................................................................................
3423
3425
3431
3452
3465
3482
3493
3494
3496
172.3
133.6
262.3
94.8
—
187.9
145.6
288.8
111.9
—
241.0
255.2
233.5
265.5
268.6
255.8
109.5
114.7
137.7
—
—
—
114.2
—
123.3
—
102.1
—
130.7
—
104.7
—
134.3
—
120.1
—
173.2
—
138.6
102.4
204.5
—
112.3
120.4
128.0
135.7
182.7
212.1
—
162.1
123.4
236.9
95.6
—
116.7
111.9
107.5
124.1
121.9
115.8
—
130.3
129.2
117.9
—
124.0
132.3
134.5
125.9
—
150.1
162.4
171.9
154.1
116.6
253.9
183.6
203.7
183.9
135.3
261.8
198.2
213.9
211.8
220.6
232.1
218.9
256.5
240.2
223.2
265.7
96.8
120.9
102.6
124.5
108.7
101.3
164.4
126.5
141.0
109.2
150.9 160.0
278.0 277.0
196.5 172.1
181.8 152.1
143.2 160.2
176.0
—
—
205.1 217.4
—
—
—
—
164.8 170.2
—
—
243.1
—
—
213.2
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
164.8
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
108.9
106.6
104.4
122.4
121.2
112.7
137.6
134.3
119.7
148.9
149.3
132.4
202.3
218.7
238.5
264.1
102.3
129.1
110.0
135.6
139.6
165.6
167.3
194.0
Hand and edge tools (12/67=100)............................................................
Hand saws and saw blades (12/72=100).................................................
Metal plumbing fixtures.................................................................................
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers (12/73=100)..........................................
Automotive stamping (12/75=100)...........................................................
115.0
—
107.4
—
121.1
—
114.2
—
126.5
—
119.0
—
131.6
100.9
125.2
—
—
—
—
—
151.4
110.7
149.8
120.7
—
Small arms ammunition (12/75=100).......................................................
Steel springs, except wire.......................................................................
Valves and pipe fittings (12/71 =100).......................................................
Collapsible tubes..........................................................................................
—
—
—
—
—
178.9
126.1
174.7
140.2
—
—
108.9
—
113.0
111.8
—
119.2
118.8
100.7
121.8
121.5
104.9
127.0
136.0
132.1
145.2
158.9
156.2
157.1
347
149.4
113.5
216.9
98.4
99.8
—
122.0
109.3 122.2 132.5
183.9 202.0 233.0
195.6 217.6 248.2
117.6 129.5 141.0
183.9 229.5 252.8
166.1
171.3
—
144.4
—
112.3
See footnotes at end of table.
101.0
172.1
183.2
111.4
154.8
—
135.1
133.0
—
120.9
113.3
113.5
—
130.6
185.2
—
104.3
102.3
176.3
—
—
—
—r
137.7 147.9
196.1 209.1
—
—
110.0 118.8
—
163.3
224.8
—
128.5
110.8
189.3
172.8
—
132.2
219.8
204.8
—
119.5
204.6
185.5
—
Table 142. Industry-sector price indexes for the output of selected industries, 1959-79— Continued
[1967=100 unless otherwise indicated]
1972 SIC
Code
1959
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
89.7
Industry
90.6
88.8
88.3
88.8
89.1
91.9
95.7
1967
1968
1969
100.0
107.4
115.2
M ANUFACTURIN G INDUSTRIES— Continued
3498
3519
3531
3532
3533
Fabricated pipe and fittings................................
Internal combustion engines, n.e.c.....................
Construction machinery (12/76= 100)...............
Mining machinery and equipment (12/72=100)
Oilfield machinery and equipm ent.....................
3534
3535
3536
3537
3541
Elevators and moving stairw ays.............................................
Conveyors and conveying equipment (12/71 = 1 0 0 ).............
Hoist industrial cranes, and monorail systems (12/74=100).
Industrial trucks and tractors..................................................
Metal cutting machine tools (12/71 = 100).............................
3542
3545
3546
3552
3553
Metal forming machine tools (1 2/72= 100)...................................
Machine tool accessories and measuring devices (12/74=100)...
Power-driven handtools (2/76= 100)..............................................
Textile machinery (12/69= 100).....................................................
Woodworking machinery (12/72= 100)..........................................
3555
3562
3572
Printing trades machinery and equipment (12/72=100)
Ball and roller bearings...................................................
Typewriters......................................................................
3576
3592
Scales and balances, except laboratory..............................
Carburetors, pistons, piston rings, and valves (6/76=100)
3612
3613
3623
3624
3631
Transform ers.................................................
Switchgear and sw itchboards.......................
Electric welding apparatus (12/72= 100)......
Carbon and graphite products (12/67=100).
Household cooking equipment (12/75=100)
3632
3633
3634
3635
3636
Household refrigeration and home and farm freezers (6/76= 100)..
Household laundry equipment (12/73= 100)..................................
Electric housewares and fans (12/71 = 1 0 0 )..................................
Household vacuum cleaners...........................................................
Sewing machines (1 2/75= 100).....................................................
3641
3642
3644
3646
3648
Electric lam ps........................................................
Lighting fixtures (12/71 = 1 0 0 ).............................
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices (12/72=100),
Commercial lighting fixtures (12/75= 100)..........
Lighting equipment, n.e.c. (12/75= 100)..............
3652
3671
3672
3673
3674
Phonograph records........................................................................ 94.6
Electron tubes, receiving type.........................................................
Cathode ray picture tu b es..............................................................
Electron tubes, transmitting.............................................................
Semiconductors and related d evices..............................................
3675
3676
3678
3692
3693
Electronic capacitors (12 /7 5 = 1 0 0 )............................
Electronic resistors (1 2 /7 5 = 1 0 0 )...............................
Electronic connectors (12/75= 100)...........................
Primary batteries, dry and w e t....................................
X-ray equipment, apparatus, and tubes (12/67=100)
3711
3717
3825
3861
3942
Motor vehicles and passenger car bodies (12/75= 100)...............
Motor vehicles and parts................................................................
Electric measuring instruments and test equipment (12/71 = 100).
Photographic equipment (12/71 = 1 0 0 )..........................................
Dolls (12/75= 100)..........................................................................
3944
3955
3995
3996
Games, toys, and children’s vehicles, except dolls and b ic y c le s...
Carbon paper and ink (12/75= 100)..............................................
Burial caskets (6 /7 6 = 1 0 0 )............................................................
Hard surface floor coverings (12 /7 5 = 1 0 0 )...................................
100.0 103.9 108.0
86.3
88.7
94.1
91.2
95.2
93.6
94.3
93.7
95.0
94.5
95.0
95.1
96.6
97.7
106.3
112.4
102.3
105.8
100.0 104.9 110.9
100.0
100.0
92.7
95.7
103.2
103.3
98.1
103.6
102.9
101.0
99.6
100.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
104.0
104.9
92.3
106.6
116.7
88.0
101.0
102.2
96. £
96.6
100.0 100.1
105.3
92.0
109.1
100.0
91.5
103.4
100.0
90.9
100.0
100.0 104.0
89.7
103.4
100.8
89.4
101.5
100.5
100.0
100.0
86.8
103.3
113.1
103.4
105.6
103.4
105.2
100.0
90.9
See footnotes at end of table.
92.5
100.0
100.0
92.3
348
94.6
91.0
94.8
89.7
95.1
86.8
93.8
85.7
92.6
86.2
94.9
86.7
95.1
88.2
100.0
101.2
Table 142. Industry-sector price indexes for the output of selected industries, 1959-79— Continued
[1967 = 100 unless otherwise indicated]
1972 SIC
Code
1970
1971
1972
1973
3498
3519
3522
3531
3533
Fabricated pipe and fittings......................................................................... 120.7
Internal combustion engines, n.e.c.............................................................. 112.7
Farm machinery and equipment (1 2 /7 4 = 1 0 0 )..........................................
—
Construction machinery (12/76= 100)........................................................
Oilfield machinery and equipm ent............................................................... 119.0
133.1
117.9
136.7
121.2
—
123.5
3534
3535
3536
3537
3541
Elevators and moving stairw ays................................................................. 116.0
—
Conveyors and conveying equipment (12/71 = 100)..................................
—
Hoist industrial cranes, and monorail systems (12/74= 100).....................
Industrial trucks and tractors...................................................................... 115.8
Metal cutting machine tools (12/71 = 100).................................................
—
3542
3545
3546
3552
3553
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
143.5
124.0
181.6 222.9
140.8 167.4
236.5
182.1
245.2
197.0
265.5
220.1
289.2
243.3
—
128.1
—
133.4
—
—
— 104.5
159.6 200.5 222.1 , 240.5
121.2
—
—
120.5
—
122.1
101.7
—
123.7
102.0
123.5
104.3
—
128.0
108.5
141.0
117.2
—
144.4
128.4
169.8
132.8
109.4
169.6
148.4
_
—
—
—
—
_
Metal forming machine tools (12/71 = 100)................................................
—
Machine tool accessories and measuring devices (1 2/74= 100)..............
—
Power-driven handtools (12/76= 100)........................................................
Textile machinery (12/69= 100)................................................................. 102.8
Woodworking machinery (12/72= 100)......................................................
—
_
—
—
108.9
—
101.7
—
—
111.5
—
108.5
—
—
116.0
101.9
131.4
—
—
129.2
114.9
156.8
102.9
—
146.4
133.3
3555
3562
3572
3576
3592
_
Printing trades machinery and equipment (1 2 /7 2 = 1 0 0 )...........................
Ball and roller bearings............................................................................... 109.2
Typewriters................................................................................................. 103.3
S t ile s and balan ces.................................................................................. 113.0
Carburetors, pistons, piston rings, and valves (6 /7 6 = 1 0 0 ).......................
—
_
114.2
103.4
115.2
—
_ 103.6
117.0 120.8
104.5 106.3
118.1 121.7
—
—
115.2
139.3
112.8
135.2
—
3612
3613
3623
3624
3631
Transform ers............................................................................................... 100.1
Switchgear and sw itchboards..................................................................... 109.6
—
Electric welding apparatus (12/72= 100)....................................................
Carbon and graphite products (12/67= 100).............................................. 107.7
Household cooking equipment (12/75= 100).............................................
—
96.8
113.3
—
113.3
—
95.1
111.7
—
113.9
—
98.5
114.1
103.6
119.4
—
3632
3633
3634
3635
3636
_
Household refrigeration (6 /7 6 = 1 0 0 )..........................................................
—
Household laundry equipment (12/73= 100)..............................................
—
Electric housewares and fans (12/71 = 1 0 0 )..............................................
Household vacuum cleaners....................................................................... 100.0
Sewing machines (1 2/75= 100).................................................................
—
_
—
—
100.3
—
_
—
99.6
101.7
—
3641
3642
3644
3646
3648
Electric lam ps.............................................................................................. 104.6
—
Lighting fixtures (12/71 = 1 0 0 )....................................................................
—
Noncurrent-carrying wiring devices (12/72= 100)......................................
—
Commercial lighting fixtures (12/75= 100)..................................................
Lighting equipment (12/75= 100)................................................................
—
113.7
—
—
—
—
117.2
101.8
—
—
3652
3671
3672
3673
3674
Phonograph records...................................................................................
Electron tubes, receiving type....................................................................
Cathode ray picture tu b e s...........................................................................
Electron tubes, transmitting.........................................................................
Semiconductors and related d evices..........................................................
107.4
125.6
81.6
104.2
95.7
112.2
132.2
80.7
111.7
93.6
112.2
142.0
83.6
113.4
91.8
115.2
144.2
84.2
115.6
92.4
121.3
149.4
86.2
121.6
99.4
3675
3676
3678
3692
3693
_
Electric capacitors (12/75= 100).................................................................
—
Electronic resistors (1 2 /7 5 = 1 0 0 )...............................................................
—
Electronic connectors (12/75= 100)...........................................................
Primary batteries, dry and w e t.................................................................... 105.3
X-ray equipment, apparatus, and tubes (1 2 /6 7 = 1 0 0 ).............................. 120.7
_
—
—
118.9
128.3
_
—
—
123.2
132.4
_
—
—
123.9
129.8
_
_
—
—
128.6
143.5
3711
3717
3825
3861
3942
_
Motor vehicles and passenger car bodies (12/75= 100)..........................
Motor vehicles and parts............................................................................ 110.0
Electric measuring instruments and test equipment (12/71=100)....
—
—
Photographic equipment (12/71 = 1 0 0 ).......................................... ...........
Dolls (12/75= 100).....................................................................................
—
_
_
_
_
116.5
—
119.8
100.5
100.3
—
121.2
100.7
102.2
—
133.1
108.2
110.7
—
3944
3955
3995
3996
Games, toys, and children’s vehicles, except dolls and b ic y c le s............. 110.0
—
Carbon paper and ink (12/75= 100)..........................................................
—
Burial caskets (6 /7 6 = 1 0 0 )........................................................................
Hard surface floor coverings (1 2 /7 5 = 1 0 0 )...............................................
—
115.4
—
—
118.4
—
—
—
Industry
M A N U F A C T U R IN G INDUSTRIES— C o ntin ue d
^ h is industry has been reclassified and reweighted since the basis of
pricing has been changed from list quotations to transaction prices reported
directly by chemical companies.
N o t e : For a description of the series, see,
Bulletin 1910, ch. 15. See also, “ Industry and Sector Price Indexes,”
Aug. 1965, pp. 974-82.
The following shows 1963 SIC Codes recoded to 1972 SIC Codes:
1963 Codes
1972 Codes
2015
2016
2073
2067
2091
2074
BLS Handbook of Methods
Monthly Labor Review,
349
—
—
112.6
—
—
—
1963 Codes
2092
2094
2096
2031
2036
2871
2872
31414
3611
3941
—
—
—
—
114.0 125.1
264.2 291.6
204.2
—
—
—
—
215.9
—
—
—
—
173.6
—
—
157.3
145.4
189.6 213.6
—
-—
104.2 111.1
169.3 179.9
155.7 168.1
242.8
—
119.3
194.7
185.4
129.2
162.2
121.5
151.4
—
—
—
—
159.5
—
—
—
—
167.7
110.1
—
—
—
179.7
128.2
—
—
—
194.2
139.6
117.7
135.3
134.9
143.3
—
138.0
159.8
168.1
188.5
—
142.2
—
160.8
—
103.9
150.2
—
169.1
—
109.9
158.3
—
178.1
—
114.8
168.1
—
192.2
—
122.2
_
—
100.1
100.6
—
_
106.2
107.8
107.8
—
_
119.7
116.7
116.2
—
_
129.6
—
123.9
100.1
104.3
135.1
—
128.7
102.6
109.6
141.0
—
135.5
111.2
113.6
148.8
—
141.7
121.4
120.2
103.8
103.0
—
134.0
121.1
134.6
—
165.5
134.5
160.2
—
—
178.1
—
158.0
102.2
101.8
193.6 214.7
—
—
166.0 185.8
106.0 112.7
107.8 114.6
235.2
—
204.6
126.5
126.0
132.5
162.1
86.5
132.0
102.0
_
171.1
—
—
96.7
_
_
_
181.2 200.9 220.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
91.0
85.3
84.8
—
—
151.3
167.6
101.8
103.0
101.6
158.5
—
106.7
110.6
108.9
161.2
—
111.5
118.3
118.9
162.0
—
125.2
124.4
131.7
170.1
—
_
152.7
121.4
124.4
—
101.8
—
—
—
96.0
108.4
—
_
—
99.3
115.9
—
_
_
103.2
125.1
—
_
_
110.8
137.1
—
—
152.3
—
—
—
156.2
100.4
—
104.3
161.2
102.5
105.4
110.1
172.3
105.1
113.0
116.3
182.7
118.6
122.5
126.3
1972 Codes
2075
2077
2079
2091
2092
2874
2875
3144
3825
3944
—
191.0
—
—
—
—
Table 143. U.S. import price indexes for selected categories of goods, 1967-79
1963
SITC
Category
0
01
011.1
013.8
03
031
031.1
031.3
032
05
051.7
053.6
07
071.1
074.1
075.2
024.0
048.4
062.0
Food 1.........................................................................
M e a t1...................................................................
Meat of bovine animals, elf...........................
Other prepared or preserved meat, elf.......
F is h 1.....................................................................
Fresh fish 1....................................................
Fish, fresh, chilled, or frozen, c if...........
Crustacea and molluscs, c if..................
Fish and fish preparations, n.e.s., cif............
Fruits and vegetables 1........................................
Edible nuts, fresh or dried, fob f p .................
Fruit, fob f p ...................................................
Coffee, tea, cocoa, and spices 1..........................
Coffee, c if......................................................
Tea, cif..........................................................
Spices, c if......................................................
All other food items 1............................................
Cheese and curd, fob f p ..............................
Bakery products, fob fp ................................
Confectionery sugar and other sugar prep
arations, fob fp...........................................
June
1967
June
1968
June
1969
June
1970
June
1971
June
1972
------------ [
June
1973
Mar.
1974
June
Sept.
Dec.
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
112.1
112.4
Beverages and tobacco:
Wine of fresh grapes, cif......................................
Distilled alcoholic beverages, cif..........................
_
_
_
_
—
—
—-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—:
—
243.22
Crude materials:
Lumber conifer, c if...............................................
—
—
100.0
89.9
110.1
129.5
177.9
167.7
161.7
142.4
129.3
_
100.0
100.0
—
_
100.8
100.8
—
_
104.3
104.3
—
—
107.2
107.2
—
_
112.0
112.0
—
—
116.9
116.9
—
—
123.0
123.0
—
—
143.8
143.8
—
—
149.3
149.3
—
—
162.8
162.8
—
—
165.4
165.4
—
_
_
_
_
_
—
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
_
_
_
—
—
—
_
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
_
—
_
—
_
—
_
—
_
—
100.0
—
106.2
—
104.5
—
6
64
641.1
65
653
655
67
Intermediate manufactured products 1........................
Paper and paperboard 1.......................................
Newsprint paper, c if......................................
Textile fabrics and related products1 ..................
Textile fabrics woven and knit, excluding
woven cotton, c if .......................................
Special textile fabrics and products, c if .......
675
677
69
693.3
694.2
695.2
696.0
697.2
698.3
Iron and steel, excluding pig iron, ferro-alloys,
etc. and iron or steel tubes and pipes, etc.,
c i f 1....................................................................
Iron and steel bars, rods, angles, shapes,
and sections, c i f 1 .....................................
Wire rod of iron or steel, c if...................
Wire rod of other than high
carbon or alloy steel, cif..............
Universals, plates and sheets, c if 1...............
Plates and sheets, less than 3 mm.
thick, coated, cif.................................
Hoop and strip of iron or steel, c if................
Iron and steel wire, c if..................................
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. 1.................................
Wire, gauze, netting, grill, fencing, etc., wire, c i f ..
Nuts, bolts, screws, washers, c if .........................
Tools for hand or machine, n.e.s., c if ..................
Cutlery, fob fp .......................................................
Utensils of iron or steel, fob f p ............................
Chain and parts of iron or steel, cif.....................
_
629.1
631.2
632.8
665
666
682
682.2
686
686.1
All other intermediate goods 1....................................
Rubber tires and tubes, c if ..................................
Plywood, cif..........................................................
Manufactured articles of wood, n.e.s., c if............
Glassware, fob fp .................................................
Pottery, fob fp.......................................................
Copper:
Cooper and copper alloys, worked, c if.........
Zinc:
Zinc and zinc alloys, unwrought, cif..............
7
71
714.2
Machinery and transport equipment:
Nonelectrical machinery:
Calculating machines, or machines incor
porating a calculating device, excluding
electronic computers, fob fp 2...................
Office machines, n.e.s., fob fp......................
Machine tools for working metals, fob fp.....
673
673.1
673.11
674
674.8
714.9
715.1
_
_
_
—
— "
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
100.0
118.0
—
100.0
—
—
—
—
—
110.4
126.9
—
114.9
_
—
100.0
—
—
—
120.9
137.1
—
116.4
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
100.0
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
107.7
—
—
—
125.1
140.7
—
121.9
—
121.6
—
—
—
125.3
150.9
—
122.9
_
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
100.0
—
—
—
—
_
106.7
—
—
—
—
_
121.2
—
—
—
—
_
125.1
100.0
—
—
—
_
140.7
112.1
—
—
—
—
145.5
101.4
—
—
—
_
146.4
85.0
—
—
—
—
147.6
73.1
—
—
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
See footnotes at end of table.
350
100.0
106.4
118.7
137.6
142.6
156.6
154.1
172.2
Table 143. U.S. import price indexes for selected categories of goods, 1967-79— Continued
1975
1963
SITC
0
01
011.1
013.8
03
031
031.1
031.3
032
05
051.7
053.6
07
071.1
074.1
075.2
024.0
048.4
062.0
1977
1976
Category
Mar.
June
Food 1.........................................................................
_
M e a t1...................................................................
_
Meat of bovine animals, c if...........................
_
Other prepared or preserved meat, cif.........
_
Fish 1.....................................................................
_
Fresh fish 1....................................................
Fish, fresh, chilled, or frozen, c if...........
Crustacea and molluscs, c if..................
Fish and fish preparations, n.e.s., cif............
Fruits and vegetables 1........................................
Edible nuts, fresh or dried, fob f p .................
_
Fruit, fob f p ...................................................
Coffee, tea, cocoa, and spices 1.......................... ________
Coffee, c if......................................................
_
Tea, cif...........................................................
_
Spices, c if......................................................
_
All other food items 1................................... ........
_
Cheese and curd, fob f p ...............................
_
_
Bakery products, fob fp ................................
Confectionery sugar and other sugar preparations, fob fp...........................................
—
_
_
_
_
_
Sept.
Dec.
_
_
_
_
_
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
June
_
100.0
_
_
_
_
100.0
90.4
100.0
_
_
100.0
99.8
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
100.0
_
_
_
100.0
100.0
100.6
88.3
104.0
100.0
100.0
102.4
97.0
100.0
100.0
98.0
101.0
100.0
78.8
100.0
110.1
100.0
100.1
97.1
104.8
93.2
107.1
100.9
101.4
104.2
97.8
97.6
101.2
92.8
100.8
95.9
77.3
89.7
115.3
93.6
100.9
100.0
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
100.0
101.0
103.6
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
Dec.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
Sept.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
Mar.
_
100.0
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
100.0
100.0
100.0
105.7
_
112.1
112.4
Beverages and tobacco:
Wine of fresh grapes, cif......................................
Distilled alcoholic beverages, cif..........................
—
—
—
—
—
100.0
—
100.8
100.0
101.8
99.8
99.9
99.2
98.6
98.9
96.8
98.9
99.4
99.9
99.7
103.7
99.9
103.6
100.6
243.22
Crude materials:
Lumber conifer, c if...............................................
133.1
154.2
156.4
161.7
179.2
173.6
186.5
188.6
195.5
193.6
236.4
216.2
183.5
183.5
—
184.2
184.3
—
184.3
184.3
—
185.2
185.2
—
193.0
194.0
—
198.7
199.8
—
201.0
202.3
—
209.7
211.9
—
212.6
214.2
—
212.5
214.2
—
212.8
214.2
—
100.0
212.9
214.2
100.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
100.0
100.0
102.1
102.0
106.7
101.0
108.7
104.1
114.0
108.8
118.6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
100.0
101.2
102.8
105.2
—
_
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
100.0
—
103.1
—
104.6
100.0
102.3
100.1
100.7
101.8
100.1
103.9
100.2
103.1
_
88.6
_
85.3
_
80.8
—
80.9
—
84.9
—
87.9
—
88.4
85.7
100.0
84.0
101.7
83.3
103.3
83.5
106.0
—
—
112.5
—
—
100.0
101.9
—
100.0
97.2
100.5
—
96.0
98.3
98.9
—
97.3
98.0
99.2
—
101.7
99.0
100.4
—
109.2
99.9
101.1
—
108.0
101.5
102.1
—
110.7
102.8
102.5
100.0
111.7
106.5
102.6
99.0
—
128.5
158.6
—
128.9
—
124.7
160.2
—
127.7
—
122.2
157.8
—
127.3
—
116.1
158.3
—
126.8
—
115.0
157.9
—
127.3
—
116.1
160.1
—
127.5
—
117.6
165.6
—
127.2
—
119.1
166.7
100.0
125.3
100.0
122.5
172.8
110.7
129.1
99.6
124.5
180.0
112.7
123.6
112.8
106.5
104.4
100.2
100.0
102.0
126.1
182.9
115.2
123.1
118.3
105.6
106.9
101.9
103.3
101.9
131.3
185.7
116.1
122.5
154.3
86.6
—
—
—
154.0
85.5
—
—
—
154.4
84.0
—
—
—
154.7
83.2
100.0
—
—
158.8
91.6
93.6
—
—
159.8
102.5
93.8
100.0
—
163.6
111.1
98.5
100.8
—
165.1
109.8
100.4
102.6
—
171.8
109.9
101.7
108.5
—
171.4
112.5
102.0
110.9
—
173.1
112.5
105.7
112.0
100.0
100.0
173.8
109.8
109.4
112.6
102.7
6
64
641.1
65
653
655
67
Paper and paperboard 1.......................................
Newsprint paper, c if......................................
Textile fabrics and related p rodu cts1 ..................
Textile fabrics woven and knit, excluding
woven cotton, c if .......................................
Special textile fabrics and products, c if .......
675
677
69
693.3
694.2
695.2
696.0
697.2
698.3
Iron and steel, excluding pig iron, ferro-alloys,
etc. and iron or steel tubes and pipes, etc.,
c i f 1...... .............................................................
Iron and steel bars, rods, angles, shapes,
and sections, c i f 1 .....................................
Wire rod of iron or steel, c if..................
Wire rod of other than high
carbon or alloy steel, cif..............
U n ive rsa l, plates and sheets, c if 1...............
Plates and sheets, less than 3 mm.
thick, coated, cif.................................
Hoop and strip of iron or steel, c if................
Iron and steel wire, c if..................................
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. 1.................................
Wire, gauze, netting, grill, fencing, etc., wire, c if ..
Nuts, bolts, screws, washers, c if .........................
Tools for hand or machine, n.e.s., c if ..................
Cutlery, fob fp .......................................................
Utensils of iron or steel, fob f p ............................
Chain and parts of iron or steel, cif.....................
_
629.1
631.2
632.8
665
666
682
682.2
686
686.1
All other intermediate goods 1....................................
Rubber tires and tubes, c if ..................................
Plywood, cif...........................................................
Manufactured articles of wood, n.e.s., c if............
Glassware, fob fp.................................................
Pottery, fob fp.......................................................
Copper:
Copper and copper alloys, worked, c if.........
Zinc:
Zinc and zinc alloys, unwrought, cif..............
7
71
714.2
Machinery and transport equipment:
Nonelectrical machinery:
Calculating machines, or machines incor
porating a calculating device, excluding
electronic computers, fob fp 2....................
Office machines, n.e.s., fob fp......................
Machine tools for working metals, fob fp..... t
673
673.1
673.11
674
674.8
714.9
715.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
189.9
206.0
See footnotes at end of table.
—
351
194.5
194.6
197.5
100.0 101.1
200.8 I 209.4
—
101.4
210.0
—
100.0
—
102.8
215.2
—
—
—
95.1
90.6
83.5
100.0
103.9
212.8
98.0
104.9
214.9
95.9
108.3
221.1
Table 143. U.S. import price indexes for selected categories of goods, 1967-79
— Continued
1979
1978
1963
SITC
Category
Mar.
0
01
011.1
013.8
03
031
031.1
031.3
032
05
051.7
053.6
07
071.1
074.1
075.2
024.0
048.4
062.0
Food 1.........................................................................
M e a t1...................................................................
Meat of bovine animals, c if...........................
Other prepared or preserved meat, cif.........
F is h 1.....................................................................
Fresh fish 1....................................................
Fish, fresh, chilled, or frozen, c if ...........
Crustacea and molluscs, c if..................
Fish and fish preparations, n.e.s., cif............
Fruits and vegetables 1........................................
Edible nuts, fresh or dried, fob f p .................
Fruit, fob f p ...................................................
Coffee, tea, cocoa, and s p ic e s 1..........................
Coffee, c if......................................................
Tea, cif..........................................................
Spices, cif......................................................
All other food ite m s1............................................
Cheese and curd, fob f p ...............................
Bakery products, fob fp ................................
Confectionery sugar and other sugar prep
arations, fob fp...........................................
June
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
96.6
120.4
117.4
112.3
102.3
102.5
105.7
98.5
101.4
100.4
85.2
100.7
87.9
70.7
86.6
108.2
94.9
102.0
105.4
97.5
126.4
132.7
106.7
103.3
103.7
106.2
99.8
101.2
109.9
88.0
99.2
85.4
69.5
80.0
103.4
94.9
102.8
107.8
98.4
126.1
133.0
105.4
107.3
107.8
108.4
105.9
104.4
110.7
87.6
103.5
84.5
66.1
79.0
128.7
97.0
105.8
110.3
99.4
143.1
155.4
114.8
115.1
116.4
109.5
122.4
106.9
111.6
83.8
111.8
79.8
58.5
79.0
134.2
96.1
110.9
117.1
100.7
159.9
183.9
117.6
121.0
122.9
112.9
132.8
109.1
112.9
86.5
115.2
72.8
50.8
76.9
136.3
99.1
112.3
120.8
107.2
157.4
181.9
114.4
125.0
126.6
114.5
139.0
114.8
114.8
92.8
112.1
88.8
69.6
74.9
131.1
101.5
112.4
121.6
111.1
151.5
180.1
103.9
125.6
127.0
117.6
136.7
116.9
116.6
100.4
112.9
94.3
77.0
74.1
150.2
108.5
118.6
126.0
116.4
161.3
191.8
110.1
128.6
130.3
120.2
140.7
118.3
128.2
110.2
111.4
97.1
79.2
75.5
149.1
114.0
122.8
130.4
106.8
105.9
107.1
109.3
113.4
115.1
117.4
119.4
112.1
112.4
Beverages and tobacco:
Wine of fresh grapes, cif......................................
Distilled alcoholic beverages, cif..........................
113.0
103.7
114.5
107.1
120.5
107.8
124.3
108.4
134.6
113.0
135.6
119.6
135.9
121.6
136.4
126.2
243.22
Crude materials:
Lumber conifer, c if...............................................
233.5
231.0
232.5
236.9
254.9
249.8
278.4
238.8
102.8
216.1
216.0
105.6
108.3
225.0
225.7
106.5
112.1
225.2
225.3
109.3
116.1
226.8
226.4
114.2
122.0
241.6
242.2
117.3
127.9
244.4
244.9
121.2
131.0
247.0
246.7
129.0
140.8
266.2
265.5
140.1
115.9
123.7
117.8
123.9
122.3
122.0
131.3
122.6
134.7
128.4
136.4
140.8
148.1
148.8
166.6
163.0
110.3
118.6
124.1
129.6
135.5
138.4
140.7
143.6
106.8
103.7
118.8
108.3
127.1
114.8
131.7
119.0
137.3
125.3
142.6
133.8
144.6
136.1
147.1
139.8
86.9
112.7
90.8
120.0
96.5
124.5
100.7
131.0
105.0
137.3
112.3
138.9
113.9
141.5
117.4
144.5
124.1
109.3
108.8
105.1
107.5
104.1
138.2
196.6
120.5
127.5
135.0
113.0
111.6
109.8
109.6
113.6
140.1
200.3
123.4
123.9
141.5
114.6
115.8
114.5
114.6
123.6
146.4
207.5
129.0
131.2
148.0
120.1
118.0
118.1
115.8
131.7
149.0
213.0
131.5
144.0
157.1
122.0
123.3
119.5
118.2
130.5
150.0
216.5
135.4
150.9
160.5
126.5
126.5
120.0
117.7
127.9
150.2
216.9
136.4
155.5
162.3
129.6
127.7
121.8
118.1
128.0
154.1
221.4
139.7
157.8
164.4
131.5
131.2
123.9
120.7
128.5
153.7
220.5
141.1
161.0
102.1
176.5
113.6
111.7
116.8
109.9
108.7
183.9
116.3
112.1
119.2
111.3
112.2
187.7
118.5
109.6
126.4
117.2
116.4
189.6
126.3
108.9
130.1
117.5
124.3
202.1
163.5
114.9
138.1
122.7
135.4
206.9
175.8
115.9
140.1
122.6
138.5
210.3
181.2
115.4
144.5
128.0
156.5
222.8
178.5
118.6
146.0
134.2
_
100.0
105.4
114.4
129.0
135.2
138.5
150.8
81.6
81.9
84.6
89.8
95.5
106.6
101.3
101.4
96.9
112.7
239.3
96.7
119.9
241.3
100.7
129.8
253.8
104.7
131.1
267.7
98.3
137.1
276.3
91.0
134.1
284.1
92.2
135.2
298.5
90.9
132.3
309.6
6
64
641.1
65
653
655
67
673
673.1
673.11
674
674.8
675
677
69
693.3
694.2
695.2
696.0
697.2
698.3
_
629.1
631.2
632.8
665
666
682
682.2
686
686.1
7
71
714.2
714.9
715.1
Intermediate manufactured p roducts1........................
Paper and paperboard T......................................
Newsprint paper, c if......................................
Textile fabrics and related products1 .................
Textile fabrics woven and knit, excluding
woven cotton, c if .......................................
Special textile fabrics and products, c if .......
Iron and steel, excluding pig iron, ferro-alloys,
etc. and iron or steel tubes and pipes, etc.,
c i f 1....................................................................
Iron and steel bars, rods, angles, shapes,
and sections, c i f 1 .....................................
Wire rod of iron or steel, c if..................
Wire rod of other than high
carbon or alloy steel, cif..............
Universals, plates and sheets, c if 1...............
Plates and sheets, less than 3 mm.
thick, coated, cif.................................
Hoop and strip of iron or steel, c if................
Iron and steel wire, c if..................................
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s. 1.................................
Wire, gauze, netting, grill, fencing, etc., wire, c if ..
Nuts, bolts, screws, washers, c if .........................
Tools for hand or machine, n.e.s., c if ..................
Cutlery, fob fp .......................................................
Utensils of iron or steel, fob f p ............................
Chain and parts of iron or steel, cif.....................
All other intermediate goods 1....................................
Rubber tires and tubes, c if ..................................
Plywood, cif..........................................................
Manufactured articles of wood, n.e.s., c if............
Glassware, fob fp .................................................
Pottery, fob fp.......................................................
Copper:
Copper and copper alloys, worked, c if.........
Zinc:
Zinc and zinc alloys, unwrought, cif..............
Machinery and transport equipment:
Nonelectrical machinery:
Calculating machines, or machines incor
porating a calculating device, excluding
electronic computers, fob fp 2...................
Office machines, n.e.s., fob fp......................
Machine tools for working metals, fob fp.....
See footnotes at end of table.
Table 143. U.S. import price indexes for selected categories of goods, 1967-79— Continued
1963
SITC
717 1
717.3
719.2
719.5
719.7
719.9
72
722 1
722.2
724.2
724.9
725.0
729.1
729.2
729.4
729.5
73
732.8
732.89
733.1
8
841
841.1
841.2
841.3
841.4
841.5
851
86
864.1
89
891.1
894.2
Category
Sewing machines, fob fp ...............................
Pumps and centrifuges, c if ...........................
Powered tools, n.e.s., fob fp .........................
Ball, roller, or needle-roller bearings, fob fp..
Machinery and mechanical appliances,
n.e.s., fob fp...............................................
June
1967
June
1968
June
1969
June
1970
June
1971
June
1972
June
1973
1974
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
100.0
99.2
105.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
100.0
99.4
112.6
—
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
100.0
—-
81.9
100.0
83.0
95.1
86.0
100.7
101.4
109.1
108.7
113.5
113.2
113.7
112.5
112.9
116.9
113.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
100.0
—
—
—
_
108.3
_
—
—
—
113.2
_
—
—
—
124.9
_
—
—
—
126.6
_
_
—►
_
127.2
_
—
_
—
127.9
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
100.0
98.6 "
101.3
107.2
-
—
-
-
-
-
100.0
104.1
107.8
111.5
115.5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
100.0
114.2
117.3
114.4
99.0
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
_
—
_
_
—
Electrical machinery:
Electric apparatus for making, and breaking, or protecting electric circuits, for fp ....
Radio broadcast receivers, fob fp ................
Telecommunications equipment, n.e.s., fob
fp ................................................................
Household electric equipment, fob fp...........
Batteries and accumulators, fob fp...............
Electric lamps, fob fp....................................
Automotive electric equipment, fob fp..........
Electric measuring and controlling instruments and apparatus, fob fp.....................
Transportation equipment:
Parts for motor vehicles other than motorc y c le s ......... ........ ......................................
Parts for motor vehicles other than for
motorcycles and truck tractors, exclud
ing chassis, bodies, and cast iron parts,
fnk fr\ 2........ ....... .......................................
vUU 1 J
}
Bicycles and other cycles, not motorized,
and parts, fob fp.......................................
Miscellaneous manufactured articles:
'
Apparel and clothing accessories.......................
Clothing of textile fabric, not knitted or
crocheted, fob f p .......................................
Clothing accessories of textile fabric, not
knitted or crocheted, fob fp......................
Apparel and clothing accessories of leath
er, fob f p ..................................................
Clothing and accessories, knitted or cro
cheted, c i f ................................................
Headgear, fob f p ..........................................
Footwear, c if........................................................
Scientific and controlling instruments; photo
graphic and optical goods; watches and
clocks:
Watches, watch movements, and cases,
TOD Tp.........................................................
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.:
Phonographs, tape recorders, etc., fob fp ....
Children’s toys, indoor games, etc., fob fp ...
i
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
See footnotes at end of table.
353
_
_
_
_
~
~
_
—
—
100.0
_
—
115.5
_
—
135.2
_
—
145.6
_
—
146.7
—
152.1
100.0
—
105.6
100.0
117.1
110.0
115.3
113.4
114.6
117.0
114.2
117.5
112.9
119.1
Table 143. U.S. import price indexes for selected categories of goods, 1967-79— Continued
1975
1963
SITC
Mar.
717.1
717.3
719.2
719.5
719.7
719.9
72
722.1
722.2
724.2
724.9
725.0
729.1
729.2
729.4
729.5
73
732.8
732.89
733.1
8
841
841.1
841.2
841.3
841.4
841.5
851
86
864.1
89
891.1
894.2
1977#
1976
Category
Textile machinery, fob fp ...............................
Sewing machines, fob fp ...............................
Pumps and centrifuges, c if ...........................
Powered tools, n.e.s., fob fp.........................
Ball, roller, or needle-roller bearings, fob fp..
Machinery and mechanical appliances,
n.e.s., fob fp...............................................
Electrical machinery:
Electric power machinery, fob f p .................
Electric apparatus for making, and break
ing, or protecting electric circuits, for fp ....
Radio broadcast receivers, fob fp .................
Telecommunications equipment, n.e.s., fob
fp................................................................
Household electric equipment, fob fp...........
Batteries and accumulators, fob fp ...............
Electric lamps, fob fp ....................................
Automotive electric equipment, fob fp..........
Electric measuring and controlling instru
ments and apparatus, fob fp....................
Transportation equipment:
Parts for motor vehicles other than motor
cycles ........................................................
Parts for motor vehicles other than for
motorcycles and truck tractors, exclud
ing chassis, bodies, and cast iron parts,
fob f p 2.......................................................
Bicycles and other cycles, not motorized,
and parts, fob fp.......................................
Miscellaneous manufactured articles:
Apparel and clothing accessories.......................
Clothing of textile fabric, not knitted or
crocheted, fob fp .......................................
Clothing accessories of textile fabric, not
knitted or crocheted, fob fp......................
Apparel and clothing accessories of leath
er, fob f p ..................................................
Clothing and accessories, knitted or cro
cheted, c i f ................................................
Headgear, fob f p ..................... ....................
Footwear, c if........................................................
Scientific and controlling instruments; photo
graphic and optical goods; watches and
clocks:
Watches, watch movements, and cases,
fob f p .........................................................
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.:
Phonographs, tape recorders, etc., fob fp ....
Children’s toys, indoor games, etc., fob fp....
See footnotes at end of table.
June
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
113.5
—
128.7
—
112.5
—
129.9
—
109.0
—
122.5
—
109.2
—
117.2
_
100.0
111.6
—
121.4
_
100.2
113.7
_
119.4
_
100.1
114.6
_
120.1
100.0
101.1
115.7
—
123.7
101.1
102.3
117.3
100.0
125.2
108.6
102.2
119.4
101.4
127.7
108.9
105.3
120.6
100.9
128.8
111.8
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
100.0
100.8
107.4
100.0
96.6
93.9
95.1
96.2
99.1
100.5
99.9
102.0
104.7
105.2
117.3
111.5
116.6
111.1
107.7
109.9
107.7
109.9
105.7
110.5
106.6
109.6
107.3
109.7
108.8
110.5
109.0
110.3
110.5
111.5
111.4
112.0
128.4
124.1
123.9
123.7
127.1
127.7
128.9
130.0
130.9
131.8
130.3
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
100.0
101.6
103.0
_
_
_
_
_
100.0
103.2
100.0
_
100.6
104.5
96.6
100.0
104.0
120.8
123.3
129.8
131.0
133.1
100.0
101.0
103.1
130.5
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
115.7
114.4
119.6
119.3
120.0
118.8
_
_
_
_
_
121.8
122.5
121.1
120.3
120.7
120.4
120.5
122.8
127.4
128.5
97.3
95.3
99.4
102.9
111.5
114.0
117.9
120.9
122.9
120.5
100.0
123.2
100.0
110.3
119.6
—
159.0
—
159.0
_
160.9
_
163.4
_
171.0
_
174.1
100.0
—
177.1
100.1
—
176.1
100.5
—
180.3
99.5
—
184.2
100.0
—
156.2
97.3
96.9
99.6
101.4
101.2
102.7
99.0
99.3
104.3
108.7
120.5
106.9
119.8
106.4
118.0
107.1
116.3
107.5
123.0
107.6
123.4
106.5
124.9
108.0
130.6
110.1
130.6
113.7
132.2
Table 143. U.S. import price indexes for selected categories of goods, 1967-79
— Continued
1978
1963
SITC • .
717.1
717.3
719.2
719.5
719.7
719.9
72
722.1
722.2
724.2
724.9
725.0
729.1
729.2
729.4
729.5
73
732.8
732.89
733.1
8
841
841.1
841.2
841.3
841.4
841.5
851
86
864.1
89
891.1
894.2
1979
Category
Dec.
Textile machinery, fob fp...............................
Sewing machines, fob fp ...............................
Pumps and centrifuges, c if ...........................
Powered tools, n.e.s., fob fp .........................
Ball, roller, or needle-roller bearings, fob fp..
Machinery and mechanical appliances,
n.e.s., fob fp...............................................
Electrical machinery:
Electric power machinery, fob f p .................
Electric apparatus for making, and break
ing, or protecting electric circuits, for fp ....
Radio broadcast receivers, fob fp ................
Telecommunications equipment, n.e.s., fob
fp ................................................................
Household electric equipment, fob fp...........
Batteries and accumulators, fob fp...............
Electric lamps, fob fp ....................................
Automotive electric equipment, fob fp..........
Electric measuring and controlling instru
ments and apparatus, fob fp....................
Transportation equipment:
Parts for motor vehicles other than motor
cycles ........................................................
Parts for motor vehicles other than for
motorcycles and truck tractors, exclud
ing chassis, bodies, and cast iron parts,
fob f p 2............................................... .......
Bicycles and other cycles, not motorized,
and parts, fob fp.......................................
Miscellaneous manufactured articles:
Apparel and clothing accessories............... ........
Clothing of textile fabric, not knitted or
crocheted, fob fp .......................................
Clothing accessories of textile fabric, not
knitted or crocheted, fob fp:.....................
Apparel and clothing accessories of leath
er, fob f p ..................................................
Clothing and accessories, knitted or cro
cheted, c i f ................................................
Headgear, fob f p ..........................................
Footwear, c if........................................................
Mar.
108.5
125.5
104.9
129.6
115.2
113.6
135.2
112.5
138.0
121.8
114.5
135.6
113.1
135.8
120.0
112.0
114.1
108.6
Dec.
Mar.
118.8
143.3
120.7
143.4
126.4
124.5
148.2
126.4
147.4
130.7
129.8
150.9
127.5
151.3
132.5
132.6
150.2
127.4
149.7
131.1
137.0
150.9
132.1
155.7
132.3
141.7
149.8
133.3
156.1
139.9
112.4
117.1
119.9
122.2
124.9i
137.2
136.3
113.7
113.7
118.0
123.9
121.7
121.4
126.5
129.2
116.0
114.0
129.4
115.1
129.7
116.3
143.6
118.6
147.9
121.8
152.3
124.2
149.3
123.8
154.4
124.2
153.6
123.9
134.0
134.5
139.9
150.6
151.5
152.2
151.5
151.3
151.3
108.3
94.9
107.7
105.3
109.6
100.7
106.8
114.8
111.7
101.5
103.7
115.8
116.6
109.2
104.7
119.3
114.3
115.9
102.7
127.4
115.3
115.7
104.1
133.4
116.9
107.8
93.2
133.9
119.8
118.8
93.9
151.2
121.7
120.0
94.1
149.4
136.8
141.0
141.9
147.2
149.8
155.1
157.5.
164.3
167.8
105.1
116.4
116.6
122.1
124.2
127.9
125.8
129.0
137.1
134.7
137.5
139.5
149.0
153.6
152.3
150.3
152.4
155.0
100.4
102.2
103.0
105.5
108.6
112.2
114.3
116.6
116.5
122.1
126.1
125.9
127.6
130.8
136.5
137.8
143.1
143.7
100.0
104.0
107.6
110.6
113.8
113.1
113.6
114.4
100.9
104.2
106.6
106.8
107.9
115.3
129.9
132.8
131.3
101.3
100.5
101.4
188.9
197.9
200.2
105.6
100.0
209.9
109.6
103.6
218.6
111.2
109.9
229.5
112.0
110.9
243.3
112.0
114.7
248.8
111.6
113.4
252.7
129.3
125.5
148.2
148.2
147.7
143.5
149.6
150.9
120.8
141.3
123.9
143.4
134.5
145.5
136.4
147.0
135.5
154.9
130.2
153.5
129.2
158.2
121.3
160.9
_
Scientific and controlling instruments; photo
graphic and optical goods; watches and
clocks:
Watches, watch movements, and cases,
fob f p ........................................................ 113.4
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.:
Phonographs, tape recorders, etc., fob fp .... 118.3
Children’s toys, indoor games, etc., fob fp. .. 136.4
_
1 Also Includes price data in categories not shown separately.
2 Product categories included in this SITC have been modified due to
concordance or coverage limitations.
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified,
cif = cost, insurance, and freight.
June
_
Sept.
June
Sept.
Dec.
fob fp = free on board, foreign port.
No te : Indexes have been weighted using 1975
import value and product classification system.
Dashes indicate data is not available.
355
Table 144. U.S. export price indexes for selected categories of goods, 1967-79
1963!
SITC I
Category
0
Food:
051.7
Edible nuts, f a s ....................................................
052.0
Dried fruit, fa s......................................................
Beans, peas, lentils, and other leguminous
054.2
vegetables, dried f a s .......................................
054.4
Tomatoes, fresh...................................................
081.9
Food wastes and animal feed, n.e.s., fa s............
2
Crude materials:
Bovine and equine hides, fa s ..............................
211.1
212.0
Fur skins, undressed, fa s.....................................
Sawlogs and veneer logs, conifer:
242.2
Sawlogs and veneer logs, in the rough,
242.21
conifer, fa s ................................................
243.2
Lumber sawed, planed, etc., conifer:
Lumber, sawed lengthwise, conifer, fa s .......
243.21
251.7
Sulphate woodpulp, fa s........................................
263.1
Raw cotton, other than linters, fa s ......................
271.3
Natural phosphates, n.e.s., f a s ...........................
Clay and other refractory minerals, n.e.s., fa s ....
276.2
Nonferrous metal scrap, fa s ................................
284.0
5
Chemicals:
512.0
Organic chemicals:
Organic coal tar and other cyclic chemical
512.02
intermediates, fas 1 ..................................
Miscellaneous organic industrial and other
512.09
organic chemicals, f a s 1............................
Products of polymerization and copolymeriza581.2
tion, f a s ............................................................
Intermediate manufactured products:
6
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.2.............................
62
Articles of rubber, n.e.s., fa s.........................
629
64
Manufactures of paper and paperboard:
Kraft paper and Kraft paperboard, fa s .........
641.3
Machine-made paper and paperboard, fas....
641.5
Paper and paperboard in rolls or sheets,
641.9
n.e.s...........................................................
Articles of paper pulp, paper or paper642.9
board, n.e.s., f a s .......................................
Textile yam and fabrics:
65
Woven fabrics of synthetic fibers, fa s ..........
653.5
66
665.1
67
675.0
678.5
68
682.2
684.2
684.21
69
692
694
694.2
695
695.2
695.22
695.23
698
698.1
698.3
698.8
698.9
Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.:
Carboys, bottles, jars, similar containers,
and closures of glass, fas.........................
Iron and steel:
Hoop and strip of iron or steel, fa s...............
Tube and pipe fittings of iron or s te e l..........
Nonferrous metals:
Copper and copper alloys worked, fas.........
Aluminum and aluminum alloys
Aluminum bars, rods, angles, shapes,
sections, and wire, fas .............................
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.:
Metal containers...........................................
Metal fasteners 2..........................................
Nuts, bolts, screws, washers, etc., fa s ..
Tools for hand or machine, n.e.s.2 .............
Other tools for use in hand or ma
chine..................................................
Pliers, pincers, spanners, wrench
es, metal cutting shears, files,
etc..............................................
Handtools, etc., n.e.s.....................
Miscellaneous metal manufactures, n.e.s.2 .
Locksmiths’ w ares................................
Chain and parts of iron or steel, fa s ....
Miscellaneous articles of base metals,
fa s ......................................................
Articles of base metals, n.e.s., fa s .......
June
1968
June
1969
June
1970
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
——
—
—
—
—
—
_
June
1973
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
100.0
—
—
—
—
—
149.9
—
—
—
—
—
122.7
—
—
—
—
—
108.7
—
—
—
—
—
103.6
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
100.0
107.6
90.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
100.0
102.3
104.9
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
100.0
—
102.8
—
102.9
—
106.1
—
111.6
—
111.8
—
109.3
—
126.3
—
132.8
—
145.6
—
165.8
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
— ■
—
—
—
—
100.0
103.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
__
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
—
June
1971
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
100.0
—
100.3
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
100.0
_
—
—
104.0
_
—
—
105.3
_
_
—
108.5
_
—
—
112.1
_
100.5
—
117.8
100.0
101.3
—
123.5
102.8
121.0
—
139.8
105.3
121.2
—
159.0
118.5
125.0
—
161.2
121.6
119.0
—
170.1
100.0
104.0
105.3
108.5
112.1
117.8
123.5
139.8
159.0
161.2
170.1
—
—
102.0
106.8
108.6
111.7
110.4
122.2
103.6
102.5
100.4
100.0
103.8
106.1
106.9
106.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
109.4
109.9
116.9
116.8
112.5
123.3
119.8
122.7
126.5
129.7
141.5
135.3
135.7
139.4
168.7
140.8
137.4
144.3
169.9
148.8
142.3
144.3
172.1
150.1
146.3
100.0
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
See footnotes at end of table.
19174
June
1972
June
1967
356
—
Table 144. U.S. export price indexes for selected categories of goods, 1967-79— Continued
1975
1963
SITC
Category
1977
1976
i
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
0
Food:
Edible nuts, f a s ...................................................
Dried fruit, fa s ......................................................
Beans, peas, lentils, and other leguminous
vegetables, dried f a s ......................................
054.4
Tomatoes, fresh..................................................
Food wastes and animal feed, n.e.s., fa s...........
081.9
051.7
052.0
054.2
2
Crude materials:
211.1
Bovine and equine hides, fa s .............................
Fur skins, undressed, fa s....................................
212.0
Sawlogs and veneer logs, conifer:
242.2
Sawlogs and veneer logs, in the rough,
242.21
conifer, fa s ...............................................
Lumber sawed, planed, etc., conifer:
243.2
Lumber, sawed lengthwise, conifer, fa s ......
243.21
251.7
Sulphate woodpulp, fas.......................................
Raw cotton, other than linters, fa s .....................
263.1
271.3
Natural phosphates, n.e.s., f a s ...........................
Clay and other refractory minerals, n.e.s., fas....
276.2
284.0
Nonferrous metal scrap, fa s ...............................
5
Chemicals:
512.0
Organic chemicals:
Organic coal tar and other cyclic chemical
512.02
intermediates, fas 1 ..................................
Miscellaneous organic industrial and other
512.09
organic chemicals, fas 1...........................
Products of polymerization and copolymeriza
581.2
tion, f a s ...........................................................
6
62
629
64
641.3
641.5
641.9
642.9
65
653.5
66
665.1
67
675.0
678.5
68
682.2
684.2
684.21
69
692
694
694.2
695
695.2
695.22
695.23
698
698.1
698.3
698.8
698.9
Intermediate manufactured products:
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.2.............................
Articles of rubber, n.e.s., fa s........................
Manufactures of paper and paperboard:
Kraft paper and Kraft paperboard, fa s ........
Machine-made paper and paperboard, fas...
Paper and paperboard in rolls or sheets,
n.e.s...........................................................
Articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard, n.e.s., f a s .......................................
Textile yarn and fabrics:
Woven fabrics of synthetic fibers, fa s .........
Nonmetallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.:
Carboys, bottles, jars, similar containers,
and closures of glass, fa s........................
Iron and steel:
Hoop and strip of iron or steel, fas..............
Tube and pipe fittings of iron or s te e l.........
Nonferrous metals:
Copper and copper alloys worked, fas........
Aluminum and aluminum alloys
Aluminum bars, rods, angles, shapes,
sections, and wire, f a s ..........................
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.:
Metal containers...........................................
Metal fasteners 2..........................................
Nuts, bolts, screws, washers, etc., fas..
Tools for hand or machine, n.e.s.2 .............
Other tools for use in hand or ma
chin e..................................................
Pliers, pincers, spanners, wrench
es, metal cutting shears, files,
e tc ..............................................
Handtools, etc., n.e.s.....................
Miscellaneous metal manufactures, n.e.s.2 .
Locksmiths’ w ares................................
Chain and parts of iron or steel, fa s .....
Miscellaneous articles of base metals,
fa s ......................................................
Articles of base metals, n.e.s., fa s .......
—
—
—
100.0
93.0
100.0
97.7
102.4
101.8
106.1
171.0
117.0
179.6
123.8
181.3
125.0
165.9
131.0
154.5
—
—
_
—
100.0
—
128.2
_
127.1
_
_
119.9
100.0
104.f
106.0
121.1
106.5
98.5
126.7
98.4
136.2
122.5
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
100.0
—
109.6
100.0
89.9
107.5
106.8
120.7
103.7
117.7
101.9
115.4
105.7
110.5
-
-
—
—
—
—
100.0
111.4
111.3
113.0
114.7
116.0
100.0
100.0
—
131.8
—
100.0
100.0
104.0
100.0
143.4
100.0
100.5
101.3
107.7
101.3
152.2
96.2
100.3
94.3
107.4
98.7
153.9
88.5
103.0
100.0
105.2
96.9
131.5
88.7
104.8
94.0
104.1
95.8
104.7
81.6
107.0
87.8
103.3
92.0
102.3
82.5
108.7
89.1
—
—
90.1
—
—
_
_
—
—
91.3
—
97.7
—
—
—
—
~
—
115.8
—
—
"
88.9
86.4
85.6
83.2
84.0
87.4
85.6
83.8
86.3
93.4
96.2
94.5
105.4
99.9
102.9
104.2
107.5
106.5
107.0
107.7
108.4
108.4
110.7
109.0
100.0
90.8
88.0
90.7
97.1
102.0
104.2
102.4
99.8
101.4
100.5
100.6
148.2
—
149.0
—
150.2
—
150.2
—
150.3
100.0
152.8
101.9
154.8
103.7
158.4
106.7
161.0
107.9
162.8
108.4
163.6
109.1
163.5
108.8
_
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
1UU.0
100.0
100.9
101.0
98.9
102.1
94.2
102.1
93.6
106.4
88.3
106.6
86.8
106.6
85.6
106.6
105.6
105.4
105.5
107.3
111.1
112.2
113.3
113.7
115.4
117.1
117.5
118.0
100.0
100.6
100.6
102.9
106.4
106.3
106.1
-
-
-
-
_
102.6
-
-
-
-
-
100.0
101.9
105.6
109.6
112.1
111.2
113.9
111.3
110.8
110.1
—
—
100.0
100.0
104.0
105.3
108.5
109.6
115.0
116.3
117.7
___
___
_
_
102.6
103.3
103.5
100.0
105.1
101.2
109.4
102.7
110.1
105.0
110.4
104.9
112.0
109.1
115.0
110.8
115.3
110.8
115.8
100.0
101.2
101.5
101.8
101.5
103.0
102.0
102.7
101.7
100.5
100.0
100.0
100.8
105.6
108.7
109.0
110.4
115.2
114.6
115.4
126.8
139.1
130.0
146.3
100.0
186.1
133.2
147.3
100.9
190.3
134.5
148.2
101.5
198.2
136.7
148.5
101.8
201.9
139.4
149.2
101.8
216.7
143.8
152.2
103.9
219.3
146.6
143.5
97.4
231.6
-
-
126.6
138.9
—
176.4
126.3
139.0
178.0
182.4
183.6
129.8
146.1
100.0
184.8
176.5
178.2
182.7
184.0
185.0
186.3
190.6
198.7
202.5
217.6
220.3
233.0
159.1
176.3
155.6
148.7
106.7
160.2
178.9
162.3
138.9
106.7
164.5
181.5
162.6
138.8
106.7
170.4
181.4
163.5
140.6
106.7
171.6
181.9
165.6
141.0
107.2
172.3
183.3
166.7
142.9
107.2
181.1
189.3
167.7
144.2
107.2
181.1
189.3
168.8
147.1
109.0
182.7
195.0
170.5
147.8
110.7
184.4
195.7
171.3
150.4
100.3
189.4
198.5
174.1
155.0
103.7
192.0
205.0
176.5
159.0
105.5
100.0
—
101.3
100.0
101.4
100.4
101.9
102.8
103.0
103.1
104.0
103.1
103.4
102.0
101.8
102.6
115.8
100.2
116.9
101.0
117.1
102.2
—
—
126.8
139.0
—
—
See footnotes at end of table.
—
—
105.2
357
—
— I
144. U.S. export price indexes for selected categories of goods, 1967-79
itinued
0
051.
052.
054.
054.
081.
2
211 .
212 .
242.
242.
243.
243.
251.
263.
271.
276.
284.
5
512.
512.
512.
581.
6
62
629
64
641.
641.
641.
642.
65
653.
66
665.
67
675.
678.
68
682.
684.
684.
69
692
694
694.
695
695.
695.
695.
698
698.
698.
698.
698.
1979
1978
196
SIT
Category
Mar.
ood:
Edible nuts, f a s ................................................... 141.0
Dried fruit, fa s ...................................................... 1155.8
Beans, peas, lentils, and other leguminous
vegetables, dried f a s ...................................... ,139.2
Tomatoes, fresh.................................................. 117.2
Food wastes and animal feed, n.e.s., fa s...........
—
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
144.9
164.4
180.1
172.6
202.1
264.3
205.2
266.0
234.9
261.3
196.2
226.0
192.0
189.3
125.6
134.G
100.0
107.7
103.0
96.2
119.0
89.7
100.2
127.5
116.8
10K.0
141.1
134.C
107.7
141.7
113.2
108.7
152.4
126.8
109.1
124.9
122.4
161.2
123.7
163.0
132.9
225.8
168.3
257.2
165.8
203.3
165.4
175.2
146.6
124.7
135.2
159.1
166.8
164.1
171.5
183.3
119.2
75.9
118.3
86.4
110.9
98.4
136.2
75.4
125.1
87.6
112.9
99.5
154.4
89.3
135.5
86.5
114.8
101.7
173.8
99.4
128.2
91.6
123.4
131.1
184.0
102.5
131.0
92.8
123.5
129.7
190.2
107.1
132.5
97.4
126.3
129.5
192.5
118.9
128.8
99.0
130.8
132.4
91.1
90.1
90.2
91.9
102.4
119.7
136.2
136.6
111.0
111.2
111.7
114.7
117.3
123.8
131.3
144.0
98.4
99.7
1
00.0
102.3
107.5
140.8
158.9
163.5
. 168.3
. 112.2
166.6
112.6
168.8
114.5
169.3
114.8
173.2
117.1
178.4
120.9
178.4
121.6
191.0
130.9
. 86.1
■ 107.8
86.9
110.0
90.7
110.5
99.1
110.5
103.1
111.9
108.3
114.3
116.8
114.7
120.1
117.7
120.5
120.7
121.3
123.5
124.9
125.8
128.1
133.5
107.0
108.5
108.6
110.0
110.9
112.7
113.6
117.9
• 114.3
117.2
117.8
122.4
126.0
127.9
129.2
142.4
. 123.2
129.1
130.7
130.7
132.7
139.0
140.7
146.5
. 110.1
■ 115.1
112.6
131.0
117.9
132.9
117.9
142.0
123.0
149.5
123.0
149.5
131.6
159.1
133.4
159.1
. 100.7
101.4
102.3
103.9
116.0
114.4
118.3
124.6
113.8
115.5
116.8
119.7
124.7
131.0
134.5
143.3
152.1
144.6
98.1
233.4
153.6
157.8
108.0
233.6
155.2
167.6
115.1
249.0
158.1
170.9
117.5
252.6
167.1
173.6
119.0
259.0
172.3
186.5
128.1
268.6
174.4
189.9
130.5
274.4
183.8
191.7
131.7
273.8
234.2
234.5
250.1
253.7
259.9
269.7
275.1
274.5
194.4
206.0
178.8
158.8
107.5
195.3
206.0
183.7
169.3
113.2
205.2
212.9
181.0
177.3
113.2
217.5
212.9
185.8
178.4
117.8
222.1
226.7
188.3
179.6
119.7
226.6
231.6
190.7
180.5
122.3
232.1
234.2
201.3
194.0
123.5
238.6
234.2
205.4
196.4
129.4
121.5
103.8
124.0
104.9
125.2
97.9
124.5
102.8
122.5
105.6
128.5
106.1
133.0
112.5
136.2
115.1
/rude materials:
Bovine and equine hides, fa s ............................. 117 .2
Fur skins, undressed, fa s.................................... • 1
121.5
Sawlogs and veneer logs, conifer:
Sawlogs and veneer logs, in the rough,
conifer, fa s ............................................... 1117.1
Lumber sawed, planed, etc., conifer:
Lumber, sawed lengthwise, conifer, fa s ...... 111.9
Sulphate woodpulp, fa s................................... • 75.9
Raw cotton, other than linters, fa s ..................... ;112.3
Natural phosphates, n.e.s., f a s ........................... • 83.9
Clay and other refractory minerals, n.e.s., fa s ... 110.4
Nonferrous metal scrap, fa s ............................... • 91.2
Chemicals:
Organic chemicals:
Organic coal tar and other cyclic chemical
intermediates, fas 1 ..................................
Miscellaneous organic industrial and other
organic chemicals, f a s 1...........................
Products of polymerization and copolymeriza
tion, fa s ...........................................................
ntermediate manufactured products:
Rubber manufactures, n.e.s.2............................
Articles of rubber, n.e.s., fa s.......................
Manufactures of paper and paperboard:
Kraft paper and Kraft paperboard, fa s .......
Machine-made paper and paperboard, fas..
Paper and paperboard in rolls or sheets,
n.e.s..........................................................
Articles of paper pulp, paper or paperboard, n.e.s., f a s ......................................
Textile yarn and fabrics:
Woven fabrics of synthetic fibers, fa s ........
June
N o n m e t a llic m in e r a l m a n u f a c t u r e s , n .e .s .:
Carboys, bottles, jars, similar containers,
and closures of glass, fas........................
Iron and steel:
Hoop and strip of iron or steel, fa s.............
Tube and pipe fittings of iron or s te e l........
Nonferrous metals:
Copper and copper alloys worked, fas.......
Aluminum and aluminum alloys
Aluminum bars, rods, angles, shapes,
sections, and wire, f a s .........................
Manufactures of metals, n.e.s.:
Metal containers.......................................... .
Metal fasteners 2......................................... ,
Nuts, bolts, screws, washers, etc., fas. ,.
Tools for hand or machine, n.e.s.2 ............ ..
Other tools for use in hand or ma
chine................................................. .
Pliers, pincers, spanners, wrench
es, metal cutting shears, files,
e tc ............................................. .
Handtools, etc., n.e.s.................... ..
Miscellaneous metal manufactures, n.e.s.2 ..
Locksmiths’ w ares............................... ..
Chain and parts of iron or steel, fa s .... .
Miscellaneous articles of base metals,
fa s ..................................................... .
Articles of base metals, n.e.s., fa s ...... ..
Dtnotes at end of table.
358
Table 144. U.S. export price indexes for selected categories of goods, 1967-79— Continued
1963
SITC
7
71
711.42
711.5
712.1
712.2
712.5
712.9
712.99
714.3
714.9
714.92
715.1
717.1
718.2
718.4
718.42
718.5
718.51
719.1
719.2
719.23
719.3
719.32
719.5
719.53
719.6
719.7
719.8
719.9
719.92
72
722.1
722.2
724.9
724.99
725.0
729.3
729.3
729.5
729.52
729.6
729.9
73
732.3
732.8
Category
Machinery and transport equipment, excluding mili
tary and commercial aircraft 2..............................
Nonelectrical machinery:
Jet and gas turbines and parts for aircraft,
new, nonmilitary 3....................................
Internal combustion engines other than for
a ircra ft......................................................
Agricultural machinery and appliances for
preparing and cultivating s o il....................
Agricultural machinery and appliances for
harvesting, threshing, and sorting.............
Tractors, other than road tractors for tractor-trailer com binations.............................
Agricultural machinery and appliances:
Agricultural machinery, n.e.s..................
Electronic computers and related ma
chines for preparing tape or punched
c a rd s .........................................................
Office machines, n.e.s...................................
Office machines, n.e.s.: Input, output,
and storage devices for electronic
computers, and parts 3 ......................
Machine tools for working m etals.................
Textile machinery excluding 717.13 and
717.14 3 .....................................................
Printing and bookbinding machinery and
. parts...........................................................
Construction and mining machinery:
Excavating, leveling, boring, etc., machinery................................................
Mineral crushing and glassworking machin
ery:
Mineral crushing, sorting, etc., machine r y .......................................................
Heating and cooling equipment....................
Pumps and centrifuges.................................
Centrifuges............................................
Mechanical handling equipment...................
Forklift tru ck s.........................................
Powered tools, n.e.s., for working metals,
wood, plastics, and hand c a rv in g .............
Motorized handtools, nonelectric..........
Nonelectric machines, n.e.s...................
Ball, roller, or needle-roller bearings, fa s ......
Machinery and mechanical devices, n.e.s....
Parts and accessories of machinery, n.e.s....
Taps, cocks, valves, and similar appli
ances, n .e .s .......................................
Electrical machinery:
Electric power machinery, excluding tur
bines 3 .......................................................
Electric apparatus for making, breaking, or
protecting electrical circuits.......................
Telephone and telegraph equipment, n.e.s...
Telecommunications equipment, n.e.s....
Household electric equipment......................
Electron tubes, transistors, and solid state
semiconductor devices, n.e.s., and parts ...
Semiconductor devices, including transis
tors. diodes, integrated circuits, exclud
ing parts and accessories 3 ......................
Electric measuring and controlling instru
ments and apparatus................................
Electric measuring and controlling instru
ments and apparatus other than electricits supply m eters........................................
Electromechanical handtools, fa s .................
Electric machinery and apparatus, n.e.s.......
Transportation equipment:
Lorries and trucks, whether or not assem
bled ............................................................
Bodies, chassis, frames, and other parts of
motor vehicles other than m otorcycles.....
June
1968
June
1969
June
1970
June
1971
June
1972
June
1973
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
—
—
—
100.0
108.3
110.3
110.3
111.0
100.0
102.5
101.9
106.3
112.0
115.3
118.6
127.3
135.2
144.1
151.1
100.0
102.0
106.2
109.6
111.7
115.2
122.7
134.8
137.8
150.4
156.9
100.0
96.9
100.4
104.1
104.8
110.5
112.2
118.5
121.9
132.3
139.2
100.0
98.8
103.4
112.9
119.9
129.9
136.8
145.9
156.6
171.4
177.3
100.0
102.5
108.2
119.2
124.9
139.8
146.9
—
—
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
-
-
-
-
—
—
—
100.0
—
98.4
—
98.4
—
98.6
100.0
94.2
100.0
97.3
100.0
95.8
100.0
103.9
100.0
108.8
95.5
114.8
97.7
119.4
96.1
124.8
96.1
130.8
96.3
145.7
91.9
154.5
95.0
164.9
93.5
173.1
100.0
103.4
105.0
109.7
119.9
125.9
138.6
143.5
149.3
152.8
152.1
100.0
103.3
107.5
110.8
113.0
115.3
116.6
118.5
122.8
124.7
129.7
100.0
105.5
115.3
122.4
125.5
130.9
134.7
143.6
151.7
164.9
174.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
—
100.0
—
111.0
103.3
103.2
—
103.5
—
113.5
107.3
107.1
—
107.1
—
123.2
110.4
114.3
—
114.4
100.0
128.7
114.9
115.0
—
120.2
103.2
135.5
118.5
117.8
—
124.8
108.5
143.1
120.7
122.7
—
132.1
111.9
160.1
123.9
141.3
—
142.1
130.0
168.3
131.4
151.0
—
154.6
137.0
180.3
141.8
165.3
—
159.8
142.9
188.8
146.7
171.0
—
169.1
150.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
—
100.0
100.0
101.1
99.9
103.7
—
102.3
104.5
102.9
100.9
106.9
—
104.0
105.3
108.8
102.8
111.8
—
106.7
110.5
112.1
105.8
111.8
—
108.5
114.4
114.4
108.2
113.4
—
112.6
111.0
120.0
112.5
119.8
—
115.1
114.1
129.0
117.4
130.3
—
126.3
133.5
138.0
120.0
133.6
—
132.4
137.1
148.4
122.8
136.9
—
141.1
146.2
157.1
126.0
137.3
100.0
104.0
105.4
111.2
115.2
109.5
111.8
129.6
133.2
146.2
148.6
100.0
96.1
99.6
108.1
113.2
116.1
121.6
131.4
134.4
145.4
148.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
101.1
102.8
104.0
100.7
101.2
105.7
106.2
100.6
103.6
108.1
109.5
105.6
110.7
111.4
113.3
110.6
113.9
114.2
117.0
110.2
116.7
119.7
123.5
109.7
123.8
124.8
130.3
112.2
126.1
128.3
133.9
120.0
128.0
132.7
139.2
128.5
129.3
137.4
145.4
132.1
100.0
64.1
49.9
38.9
42.2
42.4
41.9
42.5
41.0
—
—
—
142.4
148.4
—
—
—
—
—
100.0
—
105.7
—
108.5
—
110.5
—
116.0
—
117.9
—
100.0
122.6
—
100.9
125.1
—
105.8
128.6
—
109.6
132.3
—
113.1
134.1
100.0
115.4
100.0
106.6
108.3
110.2
119.1
118.6
122.5
135.0
140.9
155.3
159.1
See footnotes at end of table.
1974
June
1967
359
Table 144. U.S. export price indexes for selected categories of gopds, 1967-79— Continued
1975
1963
SITC
7
71
711.42
711.5
712.1
712.2
712.5
712.9
712.99
714.3
714.9
714.92
715.1
717.1
718.2
718.4
718.42
718.5
718.51
719.1
719.2
719.23
719.3
719.32
719.5
719.53
719.6
719.7
719.8
719.9
719.92
72
722.1
722.2
724.9
724.99
725.0
729.3
729.3
729.5
729.52
729.6
729.9
73
732.3
732.8
1977
1976
Category
Mar.
Machinery and transport equipment, excluding mili
tary and commercial aircraft 2..............................
Nonelectrical machinery:
Jet and gas turbines and parts for aircraft,
new, nonmilitary 3......................................
Internal combustion engines other than for
aircraft......................................................
Agricultural machinery and appliances for
preparing and cultivating s o il....................
Agricultural machinery and appliances for
harvesting, threshing, and sorting.............
Tractors, other than road tractors for trac
tor-trailer com binations.............................
Agricultural machinery and appliances:
Agricultural machinery, n.e.s..................
Electronic computers and related ma
chines for preparing tape or punched
c a rd s .........................................................
Office machines, n.e.s..................................
Office machines, n.e.s.: Input, output,
and storage devices for electronic
computers, and parts 3 .....................
Machine tools for working m etals................
Textile machinery excluding 717.13 and
717.14 3 .....................................................
Printing and bookbinding machinery and
parts...........................................................
Construction and mining machinery:
Excavating, leveling, boring, etc., ma
chinery ................................................
Mineral crushing and glassworking machin
ery:
Mineral crushing, sorting, etc., machin
ery ......................................................
Heating and cooling equipment....................
Pumps and centrifuges.................................
Centrifuges............................................
Mechanical handling equipment...................
Forklift tru ck s........................................
Powered tools, n.e.s., for working metals,
wood, plastics, and hand carving ...........
Motorized handtools, nonelectric..........
Nonelectric machines, n.e.s...................
Ball, roller, or needle-roller bearings, fa s .....
Machinery and mechanical devices, n.e.s....
Parts and accessories of machinery, n.e.s....
Taps, cocks, valves, and similar appli
ances, n .e .s .......................................
Electrical machinery:
Electric power machinery, excluding tur
bines 3 .......................................................
Electric apparatus for making, breaking, or
protecting electrical circuits.......................
Telephone and telegraph equipment, n.e.s...
Telecommunications equipment, n.e.s....
Household electric equipment......................
Electron tubes, transistors, and solid state
semiconductor devices, n.e.s., and parts...
Semiconductor devices, including transis
tors. diodes, integrated circuits, exclud
ing parts and accessories 3 ......................
Electric measuring and controlling instru
ments and apparatus................................
Electric measuring and controlling instru
ments and apparatus other than electricits supply m eters.......................................
Electromechanical handtools, fa s ................
Electric machinery and apparatus, n.e.s.......
Transportation equipment:
Lorries and trucks, whether or not assem
bled ............................................................
Bodies, chassis, frames, and other parts of
motor vehicles other than m otorcycles....
June
Mar.
June
Dec.
Sept.
Mar.
June
Sept.
100.0
101.4
102.7
104.9
106.8
108.3
109.5
111.6
113.2
115.7
122.0
123.2
124.0
124.6
134.3
134.1
135.1
135.1
147.7
148.1
148.1
158.4
159.8
166.8
167.6
172.8
173.1
177.3
178.4
179.6
181.2
188.0
164.8
167.9
167.9
176.0
176.1
179.7
180.0
185.4
191.3
191.5
194.6
142.2
142.3
143.3
152.5
155.1
157.5
159.9
167.8
170.0
170.0
170.6
183.4
187.5
189.7
196.1
200.1
201.0
198.9
205.7
213.1
218.1
221.4
158.2
158.2
158.1
165.1
165.5
170.5
175.0
175.2
182.9
181.1
184.5
100.7
96.0
100.7
96.5
100.7
96.7
100.7
96.5
100.7
98.5
100.7
98.7
100.7
99.7
100.7
99.5
99.4
106.1
99.4
106.3
99.4
105.3
93.6
177.0
94.1
179.2
94.4
182.1
94.1
186.6
94.4
188.0
94.6
190.1
96.1
193.5
95.7
198.0
97.1
199.1
97.5
201.7
95.8
208.5
158.1
159.6
160.6
163.1
170.1
174.6
175.4
177.9
179,8
187.3
188.1
131.8
131.8
137.0
137.0
145.5
145.5
147,8
153.4
158.8
163.1
169.7
180.4
183.3
185.3
191.1
196.8
197.7
200.6
209.4
215.6
218.7
224.4
204.8
152.0
175.5
—
187.4
163.1
211.8
154.3
177.7
—
189.9
161.5
213.9
156.3
180.3
—
197.1
164.5
218.7
158.7
180.7
220.6
161.0
182.5
222.2
160.7
195.5
222.5
163.9
197.7
223.2
165.2
203.6
223.2
164.9
206.5
237.9
169.7
210.2
238.7
171.6
211.5
201.9
168.5
204.3
172.8
205.4
174.0
208.0
175.0
211.4
178.2
216.7
182.5
219.7
184.0
227.5
184.7
’159.1
128.6
143.3
158.9
127.4
148.4
161.9
126.5
148.6
173.0
126.7
150.5
_
173.2
124.6
159.1
_
173.9
125.3
162.1
178.6
131.6
163.3
179.9
134.4
164.3
182.2
136.7
167.5
192.0
138.1
172.3
192.3
138.8
177.2
147.6
151.7
150.6
158.4
150.9
158.5
155.4
163.3
158.3
170.0
159.2
173.4
160.6
170.2
163.3
176.7
164.6
179.2
166.1
183.2
166.5
184.8
153.2
158.9
159.3
163.2
169.3
170.0
172.4
179.0
180.0
180.8
181.3
152.1
155.5
157.1
158.9
160.0
162.5
167.1
170.3
175.4
174.8
178.1
130.4
137.8
145.6
136.7
131.8
144.3
154.5
138.8
131.4
144.4
154.7
139.2
131.5
146.1
156.6
140.2
132.7
149.2
160.2
142.2
140.7
149.4
160.2
142.9
145.3
151.3
162.0
144.4
145.3
151.8
162.2
145.1
147.9
150.5
156.1
152.5
163.1
148.1
153.5
163.7
149.7
155.0
165.4
153.9
29.3
30.4
29.7
27.9
30.1
30.7
29.8
27.7
27.9
27.9
28.2
100.0
95.7
87.0
87.8
86.7
86.0
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
137.1
139.4
139.9
141.4
144.4
148.6
150.2
150.5
153.4
155.8
157.5
104.5
116.4
104.5
121.5
109.0
121.6
109.4
123.5
110.8
124.0
114.9
124.4
115.4
128.5
115.4
129.5
120.8
132.6
121.9
135.5
123.3
135.2
66.6
166.5
172.4
173.4
179.4
183.2
189.2
190.2
192.4
193.0
203.8
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
See footnotes at end of table.
Dec.
Sept.
360
_
Table 144. U.S. export price indexes for selected categories of goods, 1967-79
— Continued
7
71
711.42
711.5
712.1
712.2
712.5
712.9
712.99
714.3
714.9
714.92
715.1
717.1
718.2
718.4
718.42
718.5
718.51
719.1
719.2
719.23
719.3
719.32
719.5
719.53
719.6
719.7
719.8
719.9
719.92
72
722.1
722.2
724.9
724.99
725.0
729.3
729.3
729.5
729.52
729.6
729.9
73
732.3
732.8
1979
1978
1963
SITC
Category
Dec.
Machinery and transport equipment, excluding mili
tary and commercial aircraft 2..........................
Nonelectrical machinery:
Jet and gas turbines and parts for aircraft,
new, nonmilitary 3......................................
Internal combustion engines other than for
aircraft.......................................................
Agricultural machinery and appliances for
preparing and cultivating s o il....................
Agricultural machinery and appliances for
harvesting, threshing, and sorting.............
Tractors, other than road tractors for trac
tor-trailer com binations.............................
Agricultural machinery and appliances:
Agricultural machinery, n.e.s..................
Electronic computers and related ma
chines for preparing tape or punched
c a rd s .........................................................
Office machines, n.e.s..................................
Office machines, n.e.s.: Input, output,
and storage devices for electronic
computers, and parts 3 ....................
Machine tools for working m etals................
Textile machinery excluding 717.13 and
717.14 3 ......................................................
Printing and bookbinding machinery and
parts...........................................................
Construction and mining machinery:
Excavating, leveling, boring, etc., ma
chinery ................................................
Mineral crushing and glassworking machin
ery:
Mineral crushing, sorting, etc., machin
ery ......................................................
Heating and cooling equipment....................
Pumps and centrifuges.................................
Centrifuges............................................
Mechanical handling equipment...................
Forklift tru ck s.........................................
Powered tools, n.e.s., for working metals,
wood, plastics, and hand c a rv in g .............
Motorized handtools, nonelectric..........
Nonelectric machines, n.e.s...................
Ball, roller, or needle-roller bearings, fa s .....
Machinery and mechanical devices, n.e.s....
Parts and accessories of machinery, n.e.s....
Taps, cocks, valves, and similar appli
ances, n .e .s .......................................
Electrical machinery:
Electric power machinery, excluding tur
bines 3 .......................................................
Electric apparatus for making, breaking, or
protecting electrical circuits.......................
Telephone and telegraph equipment, n.e.s...
Telecommunications equipment, n.e.s....
Household electric equipment......................
Electron tubes, transistors, and solid state
semiconductor devices, n.e.s., and parts...
Semiconductor devices, including transis
tors, diodes, integrated circuits, exclud
ing parts and accessories 3 ......................
Electric measuring and controlling instru
ments and apparatus................................
Electric measuring and controlling instru
ments and apparatus other than electricits supply m eters........................................
Electromechanical handtools, fa s ................
Electric machinery and apparatus, n.e.s.......
Transportation equipment:
Lorries and trucks, whether or not assem
bled ............................................................
Bodies, chassis, frames, and other parts of
motor vehicles other than m otorcycles....
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
117.5
119.6
122.2
124.3
126.8
129.7
132.4
135.6
139.2
154.3
159.0
159.8
163.2
162.8
169.6
173.5
176.2
177.1
189.4
192.5
195.4
204.4
205.7
213.5
214.2
222.0
226.3
199.1
199.7
201.3
207.7
210.4
213.2
217.3
220.4
230.3
177.5
182.1
184.8
185.2
193.9
189.7
190.5
195.2
203.8
230.1
231.4
243.3
248.8
256.2
258.8
265.5
271.4
283.8
186.8
190.0
193.6
201.4
206.1
209.6
216.6
226.1
234.6
99.4
105.8
101.0
107.4
103.0
107.5
103.6
107.7
103.6
108.0
103.2
109.9
101.8
109.7
102.0
110.2
101.8
113.8
96.7
213.1
97.6
217.4
97.6
227.3
97.9
228.9
98.3
236.4
97.5
244.9
97.1
253.3
98.0
259.4
98.8
268.2
189.9
191.5
203.2
203.1
207.8
209.7
212.1
215.9
220.2
170.3
178.9
176.7
176.2
180.5
183.0
194.9
197.0
198.6
233.7
236.5
239.5
246.4
255.6
259.3
264.9
271.2
278.2
242.5
173.1
213.2
242.5
177.7
215.6
247.5
179.8
218.8
—
241.3
198.3
247.5
181.6
220.4
100.0
244.5
204.6
253.2
182.0
226.5
103.1
247.6
207.1
265.2
187.8
232.2
106.4
248.8
213.4
277.3
191.6
235.3
109.2
257.7
219.8
280.8
193.9
239.9
110.8
265.9
230.2
286.8
200.9
249.4
114.9
271.7
230.6
215.0
153.9
191.9
217.3
156.5
198.8
227.8
161.2
205.4
232.2
163.1
209.7
100.6
185.7
197.6
105.5
188.2
202.5
220.6
158.5
203.1
107.3
191.2
207.4
109.2
194.9
214.7
113.0
201.9
218.9
235.8
162.6
213.5
115.8
203.8
223.6
—
—
230.8
191.3
234.1
196.5
196.5
144.1
180.5
196.9
143.9
182.3
171.4
190.5
175.5
191.0
208.0
149.7
187.9
100.0
179.0
196.5
190.5
191.1
194.3
196.1
201.6
206.4
217.0
221.4
222.2
177.4
181.5
183.1
183.0
185.8
192.0
197.3
201.6
204.6
173.9
_
_
157.0
158.6
163.7
164.5
164.7
166.8
158.1
168.8
154.3
159.3
170.5
156.9
159.5
170.8
157.1
162.0
173.6
160.2
166.3
179.3
160.5
169.3
182.7
162.7
170.2
173.4
187.8
165.0
176.6
191.2
170.1
175.0
179.1
193.3
175.2
27.7
27.5
28.0
27.8
28.0
28.4
28.6
26.7
30.2
84.2
83.0
83.6
82.4
82.3
83.1
84.6
83.8
95.9
158.5
164.7
167.7
169.5
175.3
183.9
186.5
188.3
193.7
123.8
135.8
130.9
135.3
131.7
139.2
134.9
140.0
134.9
146.3
140.8
151.1
140.9
153.6
144.3
159.7
148.6
173.2
208.8
212.8
221.8
223.8
231.3
239.8
241.0
252.5
255.4
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
_
See footnotes at end of table.
361
Table 144. U.S. export price indexes for selected categories of goods, 1967-79— Continued
1963
SITC
732.89
734.1
734.9
734.92
8
861.7
861.9
861.97
891.1
891.1
Category
Parts for motor vehicles, new, other
than for motorcycles, n.e.s., nonmilitarv excluding parts for assembly,
f a s 3 ...................................................
Aircraft, new, nonmilitary, excluding pas
senger and cargo transports, faf 3............
Airships, balloons, and parts of aircr_...
Parts of aircraft, etc. (excluding rubber
tires, engines, or electric p a rts).........
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.:
Medical instruments, n.e.s., fob fa c.....................
Measuring, controlling, and scientific instru
ments. n.e.s......................................................
Instruments for measuring or controlling
the flow, depth, pressure, etc., of liquids
or g a s e s ....................................................
Sound recording and reproducing equip
ment:
Phonographs, tape recorders, etc.........
June
1970
June
1971
June
1972
June
1973
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
98.3
100.4
102.4
115.0
118.2
118.7
120.8
128.3
133.0
148.6
_
_
_
_
_
_
100.0
102.7
106.4
106.6
112.5
100.0
110.0
117.3
120.4
130.7
145.1
151.5
158.6
162.2
166.0
168.1
_
_
100.0
101.5
106.5
109.9
116.0
123.1
123.9
127.4
130.9
100.0
102.9
108.4
111.5
117.3
118.7
121.4
129.4
130.7
136.8
143.0
100.0
102.8
105.4
110.7
113.7
114.5
114.5
117.2
126.6
129.4
129.4
June
1968
100.0
See footnotes at end of table.
1974
June
1969
June
1967
362
Table 144. U.S. export price indexes for selected categories of goods, 1967-79— Continued
732.89
734.1
734.9
734.92
1977
1976
1975
1963
SITC
Category
Mar.
Parts for motor vehicles, new, other
than for motorcycles, n.e.s., nonmilitarv. excluding parts for assembly,
f a s 3 ...................................................
Aircraft, new, nonmilitarv. excluding pas*
senger and cargo transports, f a f 3............
Airships, balloons, and parts of aircr_...
Parts of aircraft, etc. (excluding rubber
tires, engines, or electric p a rts).........
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.:
Medical instruments, n.e.s., fob fa c.....................
Measuring, controlling, and scientific instru
ments, n.e.s......................................................
861.97
Instruments for measuring or controlling
the flow, depth, pressure, etc., of liquids
or g a s e s ....................................................
Sound recording and reproducing equip
891.1
ment:
Phonographs, tape recorders, etc..........
891.1
June
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
153.4
155.9
156.1
156.8
158.8
163.1
166.0
168.3
169.1
168.2
179.0
114.7
116.2
118.2
123.0
124.4
126.6
127.7
133.3
136.3
137.5
138.7
181.3
189.6
191.5
196.5
200.6
203.8
204.7
204.8
210.2
223.4
224.0
135.4
140.9
142.0
144.4
146.5
148.1
152.2
155.8
158.2
159.8
168.2
144.2
151.7
154.1
159.9
161.8
164.8
169.5
173.7
174.9
181.0
185.2
8
861.7
861.9
100.0
0
130.6
133.2
See fc>otnotes at end of table.
363
133.2
134.9
135.9
136.3
136.3
138.2
142.0
142.7
148.2
Table 144. U.S. export price indexes for selected categories of goods, 1967-79
— Continued
1963
SITC
732.89
734.1
734.9
734.92
8
861.7
861.9
1978
Dec.
Parts for motor vehicles, new, other
than for motorcycles, n.e.s., nonmilitarv. excluding parts for assembly,
f a s 3 ....................................................
Aircraft, new, nonmilitarv, excluding pas
senger and cargo transports, faf 3 ............
Airships, balloons, and parts of aircr__
Parts of aircraft, etc. (excluding rubber
tires, engines, or electric p a rts).........
Miscellaneous manufactured articles, n.e.s.:
Medical instruments, n.e.s., fob fac.....................
Measuring, controlling, and , scientific instru
ments, n.e.s.....................................................
861.97
Instruments for measuring or controlling
the flow, depth, pressure, etc., of liquids
r
or g a s e s ....................................................
Sound recording and reproducing equip
891.1
ment:
Phonographs, tape recorders, etc.........
891.1
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
Mar.
June
Sept.
Dec.
179.3
183.7
189.0
191.8
197.0
204.4
212.0
221.2
230.6
142.7
147.0
147.6
148.3
154.6
155.8
156.2
157.8
162.8
228.3
230.9
238.8
249.9- 251.7
256.9
266.5
274.3
274.6
101.8
107.0
108.3
109.1
113.6
115.6
116.4
115.7
116.3
168.8
173.6
177.1
185.4
189.9
194.9
202.2
206.1
209.4
186.8
190.2
199.8
203.3
205.4
210.7
216.6
220.6
225.0
148.2
166.0
167.6
176.9
176.9
187.5
189.1
194.3
194.3
1 Index category based on the nomenclature of the Schedule B classification system of the Bureau of the Census.
2 Also includes price data in categories not shown separately.
3 Product categories included in the SITC have been modified due to
concordance or coverage limitations.
n.e.s. = not elsewhere specified,
fa s= free alongside ship.
1979
Category
364
faf= fly away factory.
fob fac= free on board factory
Dash = indicates no data are available.
N o t e : Indexes have been weighted using 1 9 7 5
export value and product classification system.
Table 145. Selected family characteristics, annual expenditures, and sources of income classified by
family size, United States, 1972-73
[A urban and rural families and single consumers, 1972-73 Consumer Expenditure Survey]
ll
Family size
Item
All families
1 person
Number of families in universe (000’s ) ........................ .
71,220
16,761 (
2 persons
3 persons
4 persons
'
5 persons
6 persons
or more
19,447
11,456
10,668
6,406
6,482
2.0
$10,787
$9,160
54
.1
.6
1.3
2.9
$12,893
$10,882
44
.7
.2
1.6
3.9
$14,963
$12,649
40
1.7
.1
1.7
4.9
$16,155
$13,675
41
2.5
.1
1.8
6.8
$14,881
$12,971
42
4.2
.1
1.8
60.3
37.7
22.6
.1
33.2
6.5
71.0
56.7
14.3
74.1
60.0
14.0
P)
P)
24.3
4.7
21.8
4.2
74.8
58.5
16.1
.2
21.8
3.3
Selected family characteristics
Average:
Family size.......................................................
Family income before ta xe s........................
Family income after ta xe s...............................
Age of head.....................................................
Number of children under 1 8 ..........................
Number of persons 65 and o v e r....................
Number of automobiles owned.......................
Percent:2
Housing tenure:
Hom eowner.............................................
With mortgage..................................
Without mortgage..............................
Mortgage not reported......................
Renter.......................................................
Other, including not reported...................
R ace of head:
W h ite ........................................................
B lack.........................................................
Other........................................................
Education of family head:
1 to 8 y e a rs .............................................
9 years, not more than 12 y e a rs.............
More than 12 y e a rs..................................
Not reported or no sch o o l.......................
Automobile ownership:
At least one automobile ow ned...............
2.9
$11,419
$9,731
48
1.0
.3
1.3
.9
$5,741
$4,990
53
58.8
33.4
25.3
.1
36.8
4.4
33.7
6.9
26.7
63.4.
2.9
62.4
23.9
38.4
.1
32.8
4.7
88.5
10.1
1.3
86.8
12.0
1.2
91.5
7.5
1.0
87.7
10.9
1.4
90.5
8.0
1.6
88.7
9.6
1.7
82.2
15.7
2.1
21.2
45.2
27.5
6.0
23.8
35.0
24.7
16.5
27.0
43.7
25.7
3.6
18.3
50.4
28.2
3.1
13.2
50.3
34.3
2.2
15.2
51.9
31.2
1.6
21.5
52.3
24.2
2.0
80.1
53.5
84.1
88.8
92.4
91.4
89.8
$8,270.48
1,595.57
1,154.53
34.56
103.58
179.11
101.87
44.92
53.90
31.97
28.12
94.67
64.72
44.45
50.24
35.09
38.50
34.72
87.73
30.70
$4,442.14
773.45
454.97
11.84
40.77
61.50
38.55
17.49
22.10
14.12
12.09
33.05
27.47
23.56
22.31
17.19
15.06
13.31
37.04
11.81
$7,487.37
1,377.93
997.73
27.27
84.53
161.91
92.11
38.47
48.35
29.24
24.84
67.97
57.01
42.97
49.02
35.24
34.36
28.69
73.93
27.88
$9,289.81
1,760.73
1,265.69
33.91
110.73
204.48
113.54
48.71
56.48
37.19
29.26
100.23
67.41
45.91
56.32
36.29
42.71
36.44
101.63
33.37
$10,710.16
2,088.85
1,542.58
45.75
139.02
242.31
134.09
61.25
69.18
39.93
36.59
130.20
87.47
54.79
61.67
42.86
51.05
47.30
120.99
39.16
95.69
422.22
18.82
35.72
298.80
19.68
73.93
363.58
16.62
111.07
478.05
16.99
138.96
524.63
21.64
151.66
553.80
20.55
175.71
546.79
20.12
Alcoholic beverages........................................
110.43
92.37
107.69
116.30
114.45
131.16
130.33
Tobacco products and smoking supplies........
129.91
68.05
121.04
152.58
159.85
173.81
183.84
Housing, total..................................................
Shelter, total.............................................
Rented dwellings...............................
Owned dw ellings...............................
Other lodging, excluding vacation.....
Fuel and utilities, to tal..............................
Gas, total...........................................
Gas, delivered in m ains.............
Gas, bottled or ta n k ...................
2,550.87
1,311.24
571.90
718.51
20.83
409.01
92.86
77.64
15.22
1,648.35
1,016.57
790.80
224.50
1.26
206.04
50.36
43.41
6.95
2,356.41
1,192.60
583.60
603.56
5.44
386.92
88.98
71.35
17.63
2,835.86
1,426.95
583.31
816.51
27.13
446.25
103.34
88.00
15.34
3,172.86
1,559.02
454.18
1,067.86
36.99
510.59
112.04
96.81
15.22
3,309.49
1,598.3
389.39
1,158.26
51.18
565.92
122.11
104.81
17.30
P)
.4
.6
P)
Expenditure categories
Current consumption expenses, total.....................
Food, total......................................................
Food at home, total.................................
Cereals and cereal products.............
Bakery products..............................
Beef...................................................
Pork...................................................
Other m eats......................................
Poultry...............................................
Fish and se a fo o d ..............................
E g g s..................................................
Fresh milk and cream .......................
Other dairy products.............. ...........
Fresh fruits......................................
Fresh vegetables...............................
Processed fruits.................................
Processed vegetables......................
Sugar and other sw eets....................
Nonalcoholic beverages....................
Fats and o ils .....................................
Miscellaneous prepared foods, condi
ments, and sea son in g s..................
Food away from hom e.............................
Meals as p a y ............................................
See footnotes at end of table.
365
$11,487.75
2,336.38
1,762.03
56.15
167.73
268.02
149.96
69.18
78.41
44.24
41.97
163.07
98.78
61.17
69.61
50.54
57.00^
56.43
132.14
45.96
$11,725.89
2,704.69
2,137.78
82.69
202.81
318.14
185.11
83.21
105.42
55.11
53.09
215.19
115.45
70.03
81.38
52.81
69.46
,67.60
14&B3
57.74
3,202.87
1,532.64
324.68
1,158.08
49.88
612.12,
135.43
108.35
27.08
Table 145. Selected family characteristics, annual expenditures, and sources of income classified by
family size, United States, 1972-73— Continued
[A urban and rural families and single consumers, 1972-73 Consumer Expenditure Survey]
ll
Family size
Item
All families
1 person
2 persons
3 persons
4 persons
5 persons
6 persons
or more
Fuel and utilities, total— Continued
Electricity...........................................
G as and electricity, combined b ills ....
Fuel oil and kerosene.......................
Other fuels, coal, and wood..............
Water, garbage, sewerage, trash,
and other.......................................
Household operations, total.....................
Telephone.........................................
Housekeeping and laundry supplies,
total.................................................
Laundry and cleaning su pp lies...
Other household products.........
Postage and stationery..............
Domestic and other household servic e s .................................................
Housefurnishings and equipment, total....
Household textiles.............................
Furniture............................................
Floor coverings.................................
Major appliances...............................
Small appliances...............................
H ousew ares......................................
M iscellaneous...................................
$156.80
40.47
51.19
4.97
$75.22
21.56
26.70
3.27
$148.21
35.79
51.48
5.13
$172.89
43.03
53.28
6.02
$204.02
52.24
55.65
4.83
$222.47
56.42
70.03
5.75
$222.44
63.73
83.97
6.46
62.73
443.47
178.02
28.92
263.24
130.21
57.33
420.27
172.01
67.69
500.46
196.33
81.81
569.54
207.29
89.13
576.66
208.30
100.09
550.78
209.34
130.56
47.09
45.83
37.63
59.95
17.80
20.14
22.01
120.15
40.76
42.54
36.84
144.53
52.97
49.97
41.59
170.46
63.23
61.87
45.36
188.57
72.91
66.08
49.58
208.13
84.87
72.42
50.84
134.90
387.14
50.82
131.73
42.21
89.50
9.77
9.29
53.81
73.09
162.49
23.90
60.18
14.67
28.67
4.79
4.67
25.61
128.12
356.61
47.54
113.27
39.66
85.16
9.10
8.02
53.85
159.60
462.19
57.09
159.68
46.75
117.61
11.12
10.22
59.72
191.79
533.70
70.01
189.62
63.87
115.54
12.48
13.13
69.05
179.79
568.08
70.19
204.65
59.90
129.72
13.01
12.55
78.07
133.30
507.33
68.48
155.39
59.95
127.56
14.56
13.91
67.48
Clothing, total.........................................................
M ale’s, 2 and over...........................................
Fem ale’s, 2 and o ve r......................................
Children’s, under 2 years.................................
Materials, repairs, alterations, and services....
565.38
216.09
308.08
14.47
26.74
242.68
84.47
145.40
2.17
10.64
451.34
158.73
265.22
4.82
22.56
632.43
235.56
338.92
29.06
28.89
782.34
311.04
409.43
24.67
37.21
879.75
358.71
460.28
18.42
42.34
955.80
396.92
485.67
28.72
44.49
Dry cleaning and laundry........................................
81.98
71.54
81.21
89.64
86.17
83.34
89.53
Transportation, total...............................................
Vehicle purchases (net outlay).......................
Vehicle finance ch a rg e s.................................
Vehicle operations, to tal.................................
Gasoline and fu els...................................
Other.........................................................
Other transportation........................................
1,597.16
704.55
79.65
750.17
347.61
402.55
62.79
741.09
316.23
39.30
339.09
147.09
192.00
46.47
1,437.31
633.71
62.32
683.79
305.21
378.58
57.49
2,153.64
977.43
110.26
998.44
473.83
524.61
67.50
2,181.70
971.04
107.65
1,040.87
497.63
543.23
62.15
2,215.30
941.72
107.91
1,066.36
518.75
547.61
99.32
Health care, total....................................................
Health insurance.............................................
Expenses not covered by insurance...............
Nonprescription drugs and medical supplies...
527.55
195.81
277.47
54.27
269.92
109.79
126.70
33.43
561.56
225.79
279.63
56.14
576.03
219.94
302.28
53.82
647.08
226.65
357.05
63.38
694.94
226.77
395.78
72.39
645.86
204.37
369.10
72.39
Personal care.........................................................
165.21
85.16
164.85
186.43
205.82
224.06
216.68
Recreation, total...............:.....................................
Owned vacation hom e....................................
Vacation and pleasure trips, total...................
F o o d .........................................................
Alcoholic beverages................................
Lodging.....................................................
Transportation, to ta l.................................
G a so lin e ............................................
Other transportation..........................
All expense tours.....................................
Other vacation expenses.................. .....
Boats, aircraft, and wheel goods....................
Other recreation, total.....................................
Television.................................................
Other.........................................................
Pets, toys, and gam es......................
All other recreation expenses...........
707.95
9.96
249.93
57.32
6.96
41.15
86.50
32.03
54.47
35.08
22.92
83.59
364.47
46.54
317.93
71.62
246.31
355.14
3.64
144.30
27.23
6.55
17.96
57.21
15.34
41.86
23.65
11.70
36.98
170.21
26.96
143.25
20.84
122.41
670.01
13.13
304.45
63.71
7.43
56.62
103.48
36.69
66.79
50.07
23.14
73.25
279.18
44.38
234.80
46.59
188.20
743.24
10.07
249.37
60.07
6.64
40.65
90.60
35.02
55.59
30.53
20.88
85.89
397.90
52.73
345.17
80.34
264.83
956.08
10.41
283.22
70.77
7.74
45.68
95.26
39.54
55.72
33.30
30.47
121.20
541.25
59.02
482.23
126.05
356.19
1,034.99
12.91
308.69
81.46
7.73
50.44
98.29
42.07
56.22
35.93
34.84
136.41
576.99
56.72
520.26
131.77
388.49
951.88
12.90
247.68
65.10
5.11
39.02
77.94
33.62
44.32
29.84
30.67
116.93
574.38
62.13
512.25
125.26
386.99
R ead in g ...................................... ...........................
47.72
29.71
47.17
49.45
62.53
61.35
55.05
Education, total.......................................................
Private.............................................................
Public...............................................................
Day and summer cam p...................................
105.52
62.05
40.48
2.99
10.96
5.43
5.53
(3)
29.02
13.11
15.36
.55
125.59
73.51
50.03
2.05
184.35
106.79
70.83
6.73
260.39
166.33
86.62
7.44
262.50
158.36
93.80
10.34
See footnotes at end of table.
366
1,926.67
855.68
107.92
891.66
414.77476.89
71.42
Table 145. Selected family characteristics, annual expenditures, and sources of income classified by
family size, United States, 1972-73— Continued
[A urban and rural families and single consumers, 1972-73 Consumer Expenditure Survey]
ll
Family size
Item
All families
1 person
2 persons
3 persons
4 persons
5 persons
6 persons
or more
M iscellaneous.........................................................
$85.23
$53.73
$81.83
$94.86
$96.14
$116.39
$111.55
Personal insurance, retirement, and pensions, to tal.....
Life, endowment, annuities, and income insu ra n ce........................................................
Other personal insurance................................
Retirement and p en sio n s................................
734.18
*'275.34
645.38
883.81
1,063.06
1,093.41
1,026.32
249.11
7.72
477.35
74.90
3.57
196.88
217.64
7.88
419.86
302.70
7.98
573.14
367.11
9.92
686.03
396.21
11.40
685.81
359.69
10.31
656.33
Gifts and contributions..................................................
507.67
399.33
645.38
509.49
452.57
490.65
478.79
Money income before ta x e s..................................
W ages and salaries, total................................
Money wages and salaries, civilians........
Union dues...............................................
Other occupational expenses...................
Rent received as p a y ...............................
* Meals received as p a y .............................
Money wages and salaries, Armed
Forces...................................................
Quarters and subsistence........................
Self-employment income, to ta l.......................
Net income from own b usin ess...............
Net income from own farm......................
Social security and railroad retirement...........
Government retirement, veteran’s payments,
and unemployment compensation...............
Estates, trusts, dividends, rental income,
royalties, income from roomers and
boarders, total.............................................
Rental income, royalties, income from
roomers and boarders..........................
Income from interest, dividends, es. tates, and tru sts...................................
Income from all other sources, total...............
Welfare and public assista nce.................
Private pensions.......................................
Regular contributions for support............
Other income, including workers’ com
pensation..............................................
11,419.05
8,539.60
8,475.92
-1 7 .5 3
-3 3 .5 7
9.78
18.82
5,740.25
3,628.33
3,585.61
- 6 .9 2
-1 5 .0 6
9.42
19.68
10,786.82
7,143.37
7,102.62
-1 4 .6 8
-2 7 .9 7
11.30
16.62
12,893.42
10,132.18
10,036.93
-2 0 .2 2
-3 4 .31
4.67
16.99
14,963.23
12,465.57
12,372.08
-2 5 .0 3
-4 3 .3 6
12.93
21.64
16,155.02
12,833.42
12,680.09
-2 7 .3 8
-3 5 .8 8
10.35
20.55
14,881.43
11,909.19
11,915.88
-2 6 .6 8
-7 8 .4 9
9.46
20.12
70.86
15.32
875.24
613.59
261.64
577.61
27.68
7.91
222.40
163.60
58.81
698.46
45.69
9.80
793.46
522.92
270.55
992.52
107.02
21.10
929.29
659.98
269.31
425.90
102.92
24.39
1,122.61
876.52
246.09
210.35
154.61
31.09
1,883.24
1,238.15
645.09
215.69
58.60
10.30
1,309.91
917.35
392.57
250.48
292.65
223.50
391.19
346.29
234.55
229.17
239.41
533.25
543.51
827.14
475.90
299.15
364.83
278.05
120.87
116.71
149.56
118.95
87.68
126.69
97.77
412.38
600.81
107.30
129.00
70.38
426.80
424.50
89.56
124.32
66.75
677.58
639.14
62.26
292.90
45.43
356.95
583.88
117.50
80.76
66.01
211.47
631.00
99.86
23.43
98.59
238.14
628.68
107.59
21.83
78.31
180.28
894.39
282.29
14.31
108.09
294.12
143.88
238.55
319.61
409.11
420.94
489.70
Personal taxes, total..............................................
Federal income taxes......................................
State and local income ta x e s .........................
Personal property and other personal taxes....
-1 ,6 87 .9 3
-1,399.11
-2 3 4 .0 5
-5 4 .7 7
-7 5 0 .7 5
-6 3 1 .5 6
-9 6 .6 8
-2 2 .5 0
-1 ,626.83
-1,343.81
-2 1 9 .4 2
-6 3 .6 0
-2 ,0 11 .0 0
-1 ,6 84 .4 6
-2 7 0 .1 6
-5 6 .3 8
-2 ,3 13 .8 0
-1 ,9 15 .2 2
-3 3 2 .5 6
-6 6 .0 2
-2 ,4 80 .4 2
-2 ,0 48 .5 9
-3 5 8 .2 3
-7 3 .6 0
-1,910.51
-1 ,5 54 .2 4
-2 8 4 .4 9
-7 1 .7 7
Other money receipts.............................................
219.41
194.82
236.12
188.47
218.76
308.02
L01 04
Net change in assets and liabilities 4 ....................
Net change in a sse ts......................................
Net change iri liabilities...................................
824.23
1,463.88
639.65
-2 3 .7 2
228.18
251.91
832.20
1,490.56
658.36
1,223.29
2,265.43
1,042.13
1,257.93
2,176.09
918.16
1,283.29
1,926.63
643.34
1,120.26
1,533.05
412.79
G oods and services received without direct ex
pense ..................................................................
132.45
60.21
105.56
151.75
163.80
197.42
249.98
Market value of financial a s s e ts 5..........................
7,094.13
5,792.53
11,974.29
6,230.66
5,011.80
4,831.94
3,007.02
Mortgage principal paid on owned property..........
-3 0 1 .4 6
-7 5 .8 5
-2 3 5 .0 1
-3 0 8 .9 7
-4 2 7 .6 5
-6 4 8 .3 0
-5 2 0 .5 0
Estimated market value of owned h o m e 6.............
14,283.12
5,583.95
14,099.44
15,534.06
19,504.11
21,429.09
19,463.55
Estimated monthly rental value of owned h o m e 6..
100.19
41.37
94.57
107.78
146.05
145.86
135.08
So urces o f incom e and personal taxes
Other financial information
4 The difference between beginning and ending year values averaged
over the survey period.
s Data represent end-of-year values.
* Estimates made at the beginning of the survey year.
1Value less than 0.05.
3 Percents may not sum to 100 due to rounding.
3 Value less than one-half cent.
367
Table 146. Selected family characteristics, annual expenditures, and sources of income classified by
family income before taxes, United States, 1972-73
[A urban and rural families and single consumers, 1972-73 Consumer Expenditure Survey]
ll
Family income before taxes
Complete reporting of income
Item
All families
Total
(complete
reporting)
Number of families in universe (000’s ) ...................
Under
$3,000
$3,000 to
$3,999
$4,000 to
$4,999
$5,000 to
$5,999
$6,000 to
$6,999
$7,000 to
$7,999
71,220
67,447
9,065
3,991
3,624
3,282
3,401
3,251
2.9
$11,419
$9,731
48
1.0
.3
1.3
2.8
$11,945
$10,184
48
1.0
.3
1.3
1.4
$1,713
$1,636
57
.3
.6
.5
1.9
$3,491
$3,347
55
.6
.6
.7
2.1
$4,494
$4,252
53
.6
.6
.8
2.4
$5,482
$5,084
51
.8
.5
1.0
2.5
$6,478
$5,928
49
.9
.4
1.0
2.7
$7,486
$6,715
46
1.0
.3
1.2
58.8
33.4
25.3
.1
36.8
4.4
58.5
33.3
25.2
(2)
37.1
4.4
37.6
5.7
31.7
.1
60.1
2.4
42.4
8.3
34.2
(2)
55.4
2.1
45.5
11.1
34.4
.1
52.0
2.5
47.3
13.2
34.2
(2)
48.1
4.6
46.3
17.3
29.0
(2)
50.5
3.2
48.1
21.8
26.4
(2)
48.0
3.8
88.5
10.1
1.3
86.6
10.1
1.4
79.3
19.3
1.4
84.7
14.3
1.0
85.1
13.6
1.3
83.2
14.7
2.0
84.0
14.4
1.6
86.9
11.9
1.3
21.2
45.2
27.5
6.0
21.3
45.5
27.1
6.0
39.9
33.0
10.7
16.5
37.2
38.4
13.6
10.7
34.8
39.2
15.7
10.3
30.9
44.9
14.1
10.2
28.3
45.8
19.4
6.5
23.3
50.8
18.9
7.0
80.1
79.8
38.3
55.5
63.0
69.8
75.9
82.1
Current consumption expenses, total..............
Food, to tal................................................
Food at home, total...........................
Cereals and cereal products.......
Bakery products.........................
B eef.............................................
Pork.............................................
Other m eats................................
Poultry.........................................
Fish and se a fo o d .......................
E g g s............................................
Fresh milk and cream .................
Other dairy products...................
Fresh fruits.................................
Fresh vegetables........................
Processed fruits..........................
Processed veg etab les................
Sugar and other sw eets.............
Nonalcoholic beverages.............
Fats and o ils ...............................
Miscellaneous prepared foods,
condiments, and season in g s...
Food away from hom e......................
Meals as p a y .....................................
$8,270.48
1,595.57
1,154.53
34.56
103.58
179.11
101.87
44.92
53.90
31.97
28.12
94.67
64.72
44.45
50.24
35.09
38.50
34.72
87.73
30.70
$8,252.58
1,625.27
1,180.71
35.72
105.92
181.55
104.29
45.47
54.80
32.33
28.96
96.85
66.37
45.33
51.31
35.81
39.48
35.39
90.32
31.64
$3,211.25
721.55
598.09
23.05
50.46
68.48
60.86
22.13
31.80
16.67
17.43
48.64
33.96
28.82
29.93
18.58
21.05
17.80
46.26
18.86
$4,173.28
957.68
765.96
27.36
69.08
90.29
77.88
29.75
42.49
20.44
24.26
62.18
40.87
33.00
37.20
24.70
26.63
23.50
59.50
23.97
$4,774.31
1,096.06
872.22
30.66
75.23
118.27
89.83
30.97
48.86
27.71
24.53
69.80
43.45
32.63
40.45
27.55
30.38
26.16
67.38
26.13
$5,399.71
1,220.44
979.09
32.68
82.21
135.55
100.41
36.25
47.09
24.94
27.39
82.36
50.92
39.20
45.30
29.75
32.57
28.82
75.57
29.83
$6,022.86
1,259.23
955.18
33.45
79.42
131.60
87.24
33.14
48.36
25.88
26.86
76.30
55.50
35.85
43.80
27.96
36.41
28.87
• 76.61
26.57
$6,501.42
1,392.08
1,060.18
36.20
96.85
148.36
102.86
35.27
43.52
30.29
29.82
95.41
54.43
38.35
42.73
35.58
39.53
30.04
79.56
30.21
95.69
422.22
18.82
99.18
425.88
18.68
43.32
114.50
8.97
52.86
174.96
16.76
62.22
208.60
15.23
78.26
224.95
16.39
81.34
284.80
19.25
91.17
308.74
23.16
Alcoholic beverages..................................
110.43
115.15
35.95
46.52
59.59
74.38
80.92
87.32
Tobacco products and smoking supplies..
129.91
129.30
66.75
79.35
88.13
99.99
109.69
120.25
Housing, to tal............................................
Shelter, to tal......................................
Rented dwellings........................
Owned dw ellings........................
Other lodging, excluding vacatio n ..........................................
Fuel and utilities, to tal.......................
Gas, total....................................
2,550.87
1,311.24
571.90
718.51
2,531.26
1,301.87
572.07
710.46.
1,257.85
734.76
556.58
176.64
1,526.10
853.17
623.24
226.66
1,630.14
893.23
635.61
252.01
1,811.08
966.54
655.05
309.55
1,960.58
1,051.83
709.32
338.85
2,066.68
1,072.65
704.54
363.16
20.83
409.01
92.86
19.34
404.41
92.20
1.55
217.88
59.40
3.27
259.76
64.81
5.61
284.00
69.08
1.94
315.23
79.94
3.65
329.46
81.83
4.96
342.53
80.56
Selected family characteristics
Average:
Family size ................................................
Family income before ta xe s.....................
Family income after ta x e s........................
Age of head...............................................
Number of children under 1 8 ....................
Number of persons 65 and o v e r..............
Number of automobiles owned.................
P ercen t:1
Housing tenure:
Hom eow ner.......................................
With m ortgage............................
Without mortgage.......................
Mortgage not reported................
Renter................................................
Other, including not reported............
Race of head:
W h ite.................................................
B la ck ..................................................
Other..................................................
Education of family head:
1 to 8 y e a rs .......................................
9 years, not more than 12 y e a rs ......
More than 12 y e a rs ...........................
Not reported or no sc h o o l.................
Automobile ownership:
At least one automobile ow n ed........
Expenditure categories
See footnotes at end of tables.
368
Table 146. Selected family characterlatics, annual expenditures, and sourcea of income claaslfled by
family income before taxes, United States, 1972-73— Continued
[A urban and rural families and single consumers, 1972-73 Consumer Expenditure Survey]
ll
Family income before taxes
Complete reporting of income
Item
All families
Total
(complete
reporting)
Fuel and utilities— Continued
Gas, delivered in m ain s......
Gas, bottled or ta n k ............
Electricity....................................
G as and electricity, combined
b ills..........................................
Fuel oil and kerosene.................
Other fuels, coal, and wood.......
Water, garbage, sewerage, trash,
and o th er................................
Household operations, total...............
Telephone..................................
Housekeeping and laundry sup
plies, total................................
Laundry and cleaning sup
plies .................................
Other household products....
Postage and stationery........
Domestic and other household
services...................................
Housefurnishings and equipment, total
total................................................
Household textiles......................
Furniture.....................................
Floor coverings...........................
Major appliances........................
Small appliances........................
Housew ares................................
M iscellaneous.............................
Under
$3,000
$3,000 to
$3,999
$4,000 to
$4,999
$5,000 to
$5,999
$6,000 to
$6,999
$7,000 to
$7,999
$77.64
15.22
156.80
$76.66
15.52
155.25
$45.57
13.83
77.69
$48.83
15.98
92.82
$52.21
16.86
102.35
$60.37
19.56
113.57
. $62.75
19.08
122.29
$64.36
16.20
139.05
40.47
51.19
4.97
39.92
50.03
4.90
18.98
26.81
7.05
26.48
33.26
7.09
30.82
38.66
6.39
36.40
37.33
4.17
31.43
42.20
5.86
27.64
44.17
4.94
62.73
443.47
178.02
62.11
441.56
176.27
27.95
206.38
88.17
35.30
264.87
122.76
36.70
291.68
132.61
43.82
315.73
137.67
45.85
342.00
158.92
46.16
370.69
163.20
130.56
135.03
62.04
79.60
86.95
108.93
99.97
110.73
47.09
45.83
37.63
48.70
47.47
38.85
24.60
21.73
15.72
29.89
26.79
22.91
34.50
29.35
23.10
42.08
37.79
29.06
38.23
33.77
27.96
43.25
39.28
28.21
134.90
130.27
56.16
62.52
72.12
69.13
83.11
96.76
387.14
50.82
131.73
42.21
89.50
9.77
9.29
53.81
383.42
49.89
129.98
41.23
89.64
9.86
9.28
53.54
98.84
14.86
31.71
8.27
26.30
3.37
1.85
12.46
148.30
20.78
43.21
14.55
43.43
4.85
3.66
17.83
161.22
23.39
55.63
13.79
38.89
5.94
3.40
20.17
213.57
28.22
63.00
18.50
65.61
6.84
5.31
26.10
237.30
33.71
77.04
26.98
59.62
7.53
5.31
27.11
280.80
35.76
96.87
18.36
83.38
10.18
6.67
29.59
Clothing, total............................................
M ale’s, 2 and over.............................
Female's, 2 and o v e r........................
Children’s, under 2 years...................
Materials, repairs, alterations, and
serv ices..........................................
565.38
216.09
308.08
14.47
554.42
212.67
301.53
13.69
140.55
44.02
85.37
4.71
217.84
67.29
131.54
9.30
248.73
78.54
149.30
8.90
301.77
107.00
173.55
7.96
335.80
109.39
197.90
9.92
395.14
139.92
222.68
11.72
26.74
26.53
6.45
9.71
12.00
13.26
18.60
20.82
Dry cleaning and laundry..........................
81.98
80.42
46.84
60.91
58.71
68.68
80.64
75.45
Transportation, to tal....... .......................
Vehicle purchases (net outlay)..........
Vehicle finance charges....................
Vehicle operations, to ta l....................
Gasoline and fu e ls.....................
O ther...........................................
Other transportation..........................
1,597.16
704.55
79.65
750.17
347.61
402.55
62.79
1,588.00
698.72
80.30
747.89
345.75
402.15
61.08
437.82
182.09
21.08
196.21
102.96
93.25
38.45
581.40
208.36
25.34
305.05
143.07
161.98
42.65
773.28
292.41
50.40
385.96
177.75
208.21
44.51
864.86
321.03
32.23
462.33
222.62
239.72
49.27
1,145.91
471.73
59.85
541.80
250.88
290.92
72.54
1,217.25
515.81
44.44
608.30
282.35
325.95
48.69
Health care, total......................................
Health insurance................................
Expenses not covered by insurance..
Nonprescription drugs and medical
su pp lies..........................................
527.55
195.81
277.47
527.60
196.49
275.39
233.94
82.58
118.35
306.97
113.39
163.09
371.42
136.56
190.82
402.80
148.19
207.33
457.43
170.96
234.70
446.33
172.50
225.63
54.27
55.72
33.01
30.49
44.04
47.28
51.77
48.20
Personal ca re ............................................
165.21
165.16
62.59
81.62
93.08
111.21
125.16
130.85
Recreation, to ta l......................................
Owned vacation h o m e.........
Vacation and pleasure trips, tbt&K*.-.;
,
Food..................................
Alcoholic beverages............... .Sfci
Lodging...................................... .
Transportation, total....................
G asoline...............................
Other transportation............
All expense to u rs.......................
Other vacation exp en ses...........
Boats, aircraft, and wheel g oo d s.......
Other recreation, to tal.....................
T elevision...................................
707.95
9.96
249.93
57.32
6.96
41.15
86.50
32.03
54.47
35.08
22.92
83.59
364.47
46.54
701.45
9.59
244.51
56.66
6.90
39.87
84.83
32.01
52.82
33.71
22.53
82.69
364.66
46.68
154.83
1.42
45.95
9.04
1.17
5.84
19.91
5.31
14.61
6.13
3.86
10.31
97.16
17.22
243.41
.87
91.09
19.20
2.45
9.00
39.95
9.52
30.43
12.65
7.83
7.66
143.79
23.00
271.46
2.20
99.88
19.23
2.90
15.40
44.36
15.11
29.26
11.39
6.59
14.88
154.50
28.37
351.73
3.58
106.33
22.12
3.42
12.29
37.97
14.90
23.07
23.50
7.04
16.72
225.10
34.37
363.50
2.98
109.31
22.22
2.43
13.89
49.34
19.81
29.53
11.99
9.44
28.31
222.89
43.63
435.03
.55
145.66
30.04
4.35
18.16
58.01
23.82
34.19
23.89
11.21
38.58
251.24
43.81
See footnotes at end of table.
369
Table 146. Selected family characterl8tica, annual expenditures, and sourcea of income claa8lfled by
family income before taxea, United States, 1972-73— Continued
[A urban and rural families and single consumers, 1972-73 Consumer Expenditure Survey]
ll
Family income before taxes
Complete reporting of income
Item
All families
Total
(complete
reporting)
Vacation and pleasure trips— Continued
O ther...........................................
Pets, toys, and g am e s........
All other recreation expenses..............................
Under
$3,000
$3,000 to
$3,999
$4,000 to
$4,999
$5,000 to
$5,999
$6,000 to
$6,999
$7,000 to
$7,999
$317.93
71.62
$317.98
74.00
$79.94
20.58
$120.79
30.44
$126.13
33.90
$190.72
47.10
$179.26
52.27
$207.43
47.88
246.31
243.99
59.35
90.35
92.23
143.63
127.00
159.55
Reading.............................................
47.72
47.59
15.85
21.92
23.93
29.62
30.00
36.66
Education, to tal.................................
Private.........................................
P u b lic..........................................
Day and summer c a m p ..............
105.52
6205
40.48
2.99
100.33
58.19
38.89
3.25
10.96
5.28
5.68
(3)
16.63
10.28
5.83
.53
19.92
8.70
11.22
(3)
19.49
12.31
6.68
.50
23.92
9.77
14.15
(3>
28.90
10.59
18.31
(3)
M iscellaneous....................................
85.23
86.62
25.77
32.91
39.87
43.67
50.07
68.47
Personal insurance, retirement, and
pensions, total.......................................
Life, endowment, annuities, and
income insurance...........................
Other personal insu rance..................
Retirement and pensions...................
734.18
753.31
66.62
120.08
173.54
239.30
309.73
383.46
249.11
7.72
477.35
246.54
7.99
498.77
45.71
3.42
17.50
61.11
2.61
56.36
80.05
3.99
89.50
99.47
2.86
136.97
110.29
4.00
195.43
125.12
3.67
254.66
Gifts and contributions..............................
507.67
510.95
137.16
207.79
224.77
288.14
344.66
297.32
11,419.05
8,539.60
8,475.92
-1 7 .5 3
-3 3 .5 7
9.78
18.82
11,944.43
8,958.21
8,893.27
-1 8 .2 2
-3 4 .1 9
9.91
18.68
1,712.65
372.04
394.58
-.5 2
-3 9 .0 7
2.68
8.97
3,491.15
1,042.32
1,011.26
- 1 .5 2
-6 .8 5
10.80
16.76
4,494.04
1,946.61
1,887.79
- 2 .3 6
-7 .1 0
3.35
15.23
5,481.81
2,733.61
2,705.49
-5 .2 0
-1 3 .7 9
2.33
16.39
6,478.31
3,745.06
3,644.34
-8 .5 5
-2 3 .3 1
20.15
19.25
7,485.63
4,894.34
4,831.19
-1 0 .1 2
-1 7 .7 9
11.13
23.16
70.86
15.32
875.24
613.59
261.64
577.61
73.12
15.63
916.75
643.97
272.78
596.50
4.35
1.06
-7 9 .5 6
-8 8 .5 9
9.03
813.66
3.19
8.67
156.24
96.40
59.84
1,198.62
43.12
6.59
168.88
73.17
95.71
1,149.25
23.72
4.66
273.36
151.93
121.43
1TI 23.29
77.10
16.07
375.31
247.77
127.54
945.50
44.27
12.49
455.82
246.68
209.14
737.19
292.65
299.32
105.07
201.95
280.01
274.65
337.32
305.77
533.25
552.81
92.48
244.54
290.14
369.58
413.98
380.21
120.87
124.79
26.38
64.57
53.25
90.44
84.68
77.46
412.38
600.81
107.30
129.00
70.38
428.02
620.96
111.46
132.89
71.96
66.10
408.96
265.73
21.34
44.62
179.97
647.48
379.79
83.42
60.31
236.89
659.15
269.14
148.66
85.29
279.14
707.33
194.25
239.47
110.29
329.31
661.13
159.34
256.84
73.22
302.75
712.30
127.28
246.79
130.14
294.12
304.65
77.28
123.97
156.06
163.33
171.73
208.10
Personal taxes, to ta l.......................................... -1 ,6 87 .9 3
Federal income taxes................................. -1,399.11
State and local income taxes.....................
-2 3 4 .0 5
Personal property and other personal
-5 4 .7 7
taxes .......................................................
-1,7 60 .9 8
-1 ,4 60 .0 5
-2 4 4 .6 9
-7 6 .4 6
-5 5 .9 8
-8 .4 4
-1 4 3 .9 5
-1 1 1 .6 2
-1 3 .9 7
-2 4 2 .4 2
-1 9 4 .6 5
-2 7 .1 3
-3 9 8 .0 3
-3 2 3 .9 5
-4 2 .4 7
-5 5 0 .5 9
-4 4 5 .2 5
-6 4 .5 6
-7 7 0 .2 5
-6 2 8 .4 5
-9 4 .2 8
-5 6 .2 4
-1 2 .0 4
-1 8 .3 7
-2 0 .6 3
-3 1 .6 0
-4 0 .7 8
-4 7 .5 1
Sources of incom e and personal taxes
Money income before ta x e s............................
W ages and salaries, total.........................
Money wages and salaries, civilians..
Union dues.........................................
Other occupational expenses............
Rent received as p a y ........................
Meals received as p a y ......................
Money wages and salaries, armed
forces.............................................
Quarters and subsistence..................
Self-employment income, to ta l.................
Net income from own b usin ess........
Net income from own farm................
Social security and railroad retirement.....
Government retirement, veteran’s pay
ments, and unemployment compensa
tion........................................................
Estates, trusts, dividends, rental income,
royalties, income from roomers and
boarders, total.................... ..................
Rental income, royalties, income
from roomers and boarders...........
Income from interest, dividends, es
tates, and tru sts.............................
Income from all other sources, total........
Welfare and public assista nce..........
Private pensions................................
Regular contributions for support......
Other income, including workers’
com pensation................................
Other financial information
Other money receipts................................
219.41
222.33
118.82
140.58
122.02
258.86
236.68
166.29
Net change in assets and liabilities 4........
Net change in a s s e ts ........................
Net change in liabilities.....................
824.23
1,463.88
639.65
801.48
1,447.07
645.59
-.5 0
184.03
184.53
149.71
345.32
195.61
-1 1 2 .3 7
42.11
154.49
209.37
526.97
317.60
-1 0 7 .9 4
292.28
400.22
214.98
473.25
258.27
See footnotes at end of table
370
Table 146. Selected family characteristics, annual expenditures, and sources of income classified by
family Income before taxes, United States, 1972-73— Continued
[A urban and rural families and single consumers, 1972-73 Consumer Expenditure Survey]
ll
Family income before taxes
Complete reporting of income
Item
All families
Total
(complete
reporting)
Under
$3,000
$4,000 to
$4,999
$3,000 to
$3,999
$6,000 to
$6,999
$5,000 to
$5,999
$7,000 to
$7,999
Goods and services received without
direct expense............. "........................
$132.45
$133.69
$89.61
$108.50
$114.51
$147.52
$105.98
$123.28
Market value of financial a s s e ts 6 ............
7,094.13
7,335.12
1,400.78
3,470.05
4,380.28
5,047.07
5,453.79
5,829.96
Mortgage principal paid on owned prop
erty.........................................................
-3 0 1 .4 6
-3 0 2 .7 4
-6 6 .0 5
-8 0 .81
-7 8 .1 9
-1 2 8 .4 6
-9 9 .9 6
-2 0 7 .8 4
Estimated market value of owned
home 6........... .......................................
14,283.12
13,997.24
4,504.28
6,709.62
6,800.01
8,357.20
7,899.72
8,508.61
Estimated monthly rental value of
owned home 6.......................................
100.19
98.81
34.87
44.06
48.85
52.42
56.22
76.90
Family income before taxes
Complete reporting income
$8,000 to
$9,999
Number of families in universe (000’s ) ...................
$10,000 to
$11,999
$12,000 to
$14,999
$15,000 to
$19,999
$20,000 to
$24,999
$25,000 and
over
Incomplete
reporting of
in^ArviA
inuomu
6,594
6,278
8,375
9,996
5,028
4,560
3,773
2.8
$8,970
$7,911
43
1.0
.2
1.3
3.2
$10,952
$9,491
43
1.2
.2
1.4
3.4
$13,414
$11,485
43
1.3
.2
1.6
3.6
$17,237
$14,541
44
1.4
.1
1.8
3.8
$22,118
$18,370
46
1.3
.1
2.0
3.8
$37,661
$30,461
49
1.2
.2
2.1
3.0
$2,027
$1,645
50
.9
.3
1.5
49.9
27.1
22.7
(2)
45.4
4.7
57.8
36.9
20.9
(2)
36.0
6.2
68.1
46.4
21.7
.1
25.9
6.0
75.4
55.7
19.6
.1
19.2
5.4
79.4
59.4
19.9
(2)
15.0
5.6
84.9
64.1
20.7
.1
10.8
4.3
64.0
35.9
27.5
.6
32.2
3.8
87.5
11.5
1.0
90.9
7.4
1.7
92.2
6.3
1.5
93.4
5.4
1.2
94.2
4.7
1.2
96.5
2.1
1.4
88.3
10.5
1.2
18.1
53.2
23.3
5.3
16.8
54.7
25.3
3.2
15.1
52.5
30.4
2.0
11.0
51.4
36.0
1.7
9.4
42.8
46.4
1.5
4.5
31.3
63.4
.8
19.3
40.6
34.2
5.8
87.1
91.3
94.8
96.9
97.1
95.2
84.7
$7,332.13
1,516.26
1,139.67
36.40
105.54
162.09
99.43
42.03
55.27
28.87
$8,284.48
1,655.71
1,208.66
35.06
110.72
172.82
110.03
48.39
55.02
32.90
$9,387.65
1,903.31
1,382.93
40.84
127.42
211.76
121.47
56.19
59.75
33.71
$11,065.34
2,107.69
1,492.54
•40.86
134.34
255.49
122.30
56.09
64.41
37.47
$13,072.69
2,405.45
1,665.77
44.64
150.54
309.90
139.65
64.98
68.11
47.60
$17,289.62
2,844.60
1,792.68
45.62
160.57
317.81
133.30
76.62
87.33
61.74
$9,083.79
1,375.05
958.81
25.91
86.10
160.86
83.75
40.83
47.16
29.29
Selected family characteristics
Average:
Family size................................................
Family income before taxe s.....................
Family income after ta xe s........................
Age of head..............................................
Number of children under 1 8 ....................
Number of persons 65 and o v e r..............
Number of automobiles owned.................
Percen t:1
Housing tenure:
Hom eowner.......................................
With mortgage............................
Without mortgage.......................
Mortgage not reported................
Renter................................................
Other, including not reported............
Race of head:
W h ite .................................................
B la ck ..................................................
Other..................................................
Education of family head:
1 to 8 y e a rs .......................................
9 years, not more than 12 y e a rs .......
More than 12 y e a rs ...........................
Not reported or no sc h o o l.................
Automobile ownership:
At least one automobile ow ned........
Expenditure categories
Current consumption expenses, total..............
Food, to ta l................................................
Food at home, total...........................
Cereals and cereal products.......
Bakery products.........................
Beef.............................................
Pork.............................................
Other m eats................................
Poultry.........................................
Fish and s e a fo o d .......................
See footnotes at end of table
371
Table 146. Selected family characteristics, annual expenditures, and sources of income classified by
family income before taxes, United States, 1972-73— Continued
[A urban and rural families and single consumers, 1972-73 Consumer Expenditure Survey]
ll
Family income before taxes
Complete reporting income
Item
$8,000 to
$9,999
$10,000 to
$11,999
$12,000 to
$14,999
$15,000 to
$19,999
$20,000 to
$24,999
$25,000 and
over
Incomplete
reporting of
income
Food at home— Continued
$28.90
101.96
63.77
39.27
47.58
32.92
39.93
32.95
92.08
30.74
$30.99
104.40
64.62
39.27
49.28
35.33
41.75
36.23
93.93
33.88
$31.89
113.27
76.20
53.30
58.47
41.09
44.67
43.98
110.89
35.38
$34.81
124.55
84.17
57.08
63.28
43.40
49.26
45.16
112.88
37.96
$33.18
128.54
99.07
63.42
69.94
50.50
51.66
49.38
121.93
40.24
$36.07
129.69
112.74
72.56
79.37
58.95
54.15
51.88
123.91
42.52
$21.87
78.41
52.32
37.89
42.20
29.66
31.17
29.70
68.43
23.63
99.95
358.02
18.57
114.04
427.34
19.71
122.68
501.26
19.11
129.02
595.13
20.02
132.50
721.13
18.55
147.85
1,016.32
35.60
69.62
394.83
21.41
Alcoholic beverages.................................
104.56
123.70
126.52
153.60
188.03
265.01
75.08
Tobacco products and smoking supplies..
132.23
143.72
154.41
173.57
169.05
161.27
141.50
Housing, total............................................
Shelter, to tal......................................
Rented dwellings........................
Owned dw ellings........................
Other lodging, excluding vaca
tion ..........................................
Fuel and utilities, to tal.......................
Gas, total....................................
Gas, delivered in m ains.......
Gas, bottled or ta n k ............
Electricity....................................
G as and electricity, combined
b ills..........................................
Fuel oil and kerosene.................
Other fuels, coal, and wood.......
Water,
garbage,
sewerage,
trash, and other......................
Household operations, total...............
T elephone..................................
Housekeeping and laundry sup
plies, total................................
Laundry and cleaning sup
plies .................................
Other household products....
Postage and stationery.......
Domestic and other household
services...................................
Housefurnishings and equipment,
total................................................
Household textiles......................
Furniture.....................................
Floor coverings...........................
Major appliances........................
Small appliances........................
Housew ares................................
M iscellaneous.............................
2,267.60
1,215.30
716.66
492.47
2,467.15
1,266.11
637.98
620.65
2,768.83
1,382.13
531.85
838.37
3,243.95
1,592.45
471.24
1,092.93
3,664.92
1,777.56
401.72
1,326.58
5,157.52
2,603.43
433.95
2,058.81
2,956.43
1,478.72
568.84
862.51
6.17
356.69
84.03
68.38
15.66
143.89
7.48
412.67
99.51
79.90
19.60
159.87
11.91
457.55
102.36
85.84
16.52
182.86
28.27
521.49
108.12
95.56
12.56
204.72
49.26
568.12
120.64
109.77
10.87
212.52
110.67
684.60
141.46
126.18
15.28
260.05
47.38
491.32
104.69
94.79
9.90
184.39
31.62
43.37
2.92
40.22
49.70
3.44
41.21
57.73
4.12
54.45
63.36
4.03
64.48
67.40
4.13
68.39
86.67
6.30
50.33
71.86
6.22
50.85
387.01
170.42
59.93
414.90
182.21
69.27
490.29
196.37
86.81
558.42
218.71
98.95
637.73
233.23
121.73
954.35
290.88
73.83
531.05
213.95
121.41
138.51
160.78
177.84 „
208.23
224.59
97.14
48.08
42.29
31.04
50.89
51.25
36.37
56.97
56.47
47.34
63.53
63.51
50.81
68.18
73.51
66.54
70.59
77.07
76.93
35.05
33.56
28.52
95.18
94.18
133.14
161.87
196.27
438.88
219.96
308.60
37.14
105.30
27.05
83.98
8.24
7.23
39.66
373.47
45.96
117.24
33.72
104.06
9.79
7.97
54.73
438.86
53.31
148.09
42.92
113.72
12.65
9.63
58.55
571.59
73.25
193.49
68.96
128.03
14.25
13.98
79.62
681.51
89.02
246.68
84.09
134.51
14.65
15.14
97.42
915.14
126.95
323.72
114.98
151.01
16.30
28.66
153.52
455.33
67.56
162.95
59.71
86.90
8.17
9.58
60.46
Clothing, total............................................
M ale’s, 2 and over.............................
Fem ale’s, 2 and o v e r........................
Children’s, under 2 years..............
Materials, repairs, alterations, and
services..........................................
451.98
164.28
247.96
15.70
538.65
215.37
280.26
16.04
612.16
240.60
321.12
19.45
794.19
318.29
420.04
16.87
993.45
409.98
518.38
16.90
1,427.23
552.65
798.45
20.33
761.36
277.15
425.28
28.36
24.03
26.98
30.99
38.99
48.19
55.81
30.56
Dry cleaning and la u n d ry .........................
83.67
81.00
75.41
92.75
99.62
148.82
109.91
Transportation, total.................................
Vehicle purchases (net outlay)..........
Vehicle finance charges.....................
Vehicle operations, to ta l....................
Gasoline and fu e ls .....................
O ther...........................................
1,419.17
585.70
80.54
701.96
333.36
368.61
1,733.10
779.32
88.01
811.03
385.93
425.10
1,953.81
859.49
114.12
930.53
442.37
488.15
2,282.93
1,023.49
116.97
1,081.78
495.88
585.90
2,685.19
1,227.88
150.56
1,216.75
553.85
662.89
3,156.48
1,511.16
114.42
1,373.91
570.39
803.52
1,771.16
808.82
67.89
798.81
381.01
417.80
Egg®--..........................................
Fresh milk and cream ................
Other dairy products..................
Fresh fruits.................................
Fresh vegetables.......................
Processed fruits..........................
Processed vegetables................
Sugar and other sw eets.............
Nonalcoholic beverages.............
Fats and o ils ...............................
Miscellaneous prepared foods,
condiments, and season in gs...
Food away from ho m e......................
Meals as p a y .....................................
See footnotes at end of table.
372
Table 146. Selected family characteristics, annual expenditures, and sources of income classified by
family income before taxes, United States, 1972-73— Continued
[A urban and rural families and single consumers, 1972-73 Consumer Expenditure Survey]
ll
Family income before taxes
Item
Complete reporting income
$8,000 to
$9,999
$10,000 to
$11,999 .
$12,000 to
$14,999
$15,000 to
$19,999
i $20,000 to
$24,999
$25,000 and
over
Incomplete
reporting of
income
Transportation, total— Continued
Other transportation..........................
$50.97
$54.75
$49.67
$60.68
$90.00
$157.00
$95.64
Health care, total.....................................
Health insurance...............................
Expenses not covered by insurance.
Nonprescription drugs and medical
su pp lies..........................................
509.99
190.42
266.01
535.55
210.98
276.37
592.16
236.58
292.94
661.54
252.60
346.80
764.75
281.49
413.65
965.71
312.74
538.79
541.76
183.68
314.71
53.56
48.20
62.64
62.14
69.61
114.19
43.37
Personal c a re ...........................................
141.02
168.69
185.97
227.17
263.29
340.82
184.03
Recreation, to ta l......................................
Owned vacation h o m e ......................
Vacation and pleasure trips, total.....
Food............................................
Alcoholic beverages....................
Lodging.......................................
Transportation, total....................
G asoline...............................
Other transportation............
All expense to u rs.......................
Other vacation e x p en ses...........
Boats, aircraft, and wheel g o o d s.......
Other recreation, to tal.......................
T elevision...................................
O ther...........................................
Pets, toys, and g a m e s........
All other recreation ex
penses..............................
532.31
2.34
168.10
38.74
4.83
24.46
64.79
29.81
34.97
19.92
15.37
52.50
309.37
48.77
260.60
72.11
638.22
5.54
202.02
48.89
6.46
31.43
72.46
32.87
39.58
23.96
18.82
68.32
362.34
48.66
313.68
84.58
783.61
8.41
248.20
59.13
6.82
40.83
87.84
40.43
47.40
30.27
23.32
98.23
428.76
60.56
368.20
97.40
1,005.80
12.16
341.18
86.56
10.63
56.99
113.98
48.61
65.36
39.74
33.29
142.49
509.97
60.93
449.04
105.50
1,370.67
27.92
492.59
117.17
12.10
90.69
147.87
60.01
87.87
78.87
45.90
199.21
650.95
63.02
587.93
116.44
2,000.12
47.37
835.90
183.17
#
22.94
147.20
271.78
64.77
207.01
131.93
78.88
240.93
875.93
73.20
802.73
134.51
848.96
16.59
346.96
69.15
7.94
64.19
116.23
32.31
83.91
59.66
29.80
99.61
385.80
44.07
341.73
53.84
188.49
229.10
270.81
343.53
471.48
668.21
287.89
Reading.....................................................
40.83
45.16
53.95
65.08
80.62
112.49
50.05
Education, to ta l.........................................
P riv a te ...............................................
P u b lic.................................................
Day and summer c a m p .....................
40.72
20.86
18.56
1.30
62.09
32.79
27.42
1.87
78.38
41.61
33.26
3.51
143.36
80.73
58.97
3.66
249.56
138.90
106.73
3.93
499.65
328.70
148.81
22.14
201.03
131.05
68.96
1.02
M iscellan e o u s...........................................
91.80
91.75
99.14
113.70
138.09
209.90
67.48
Personal insurance, retirement, and pensions,
to ta l...............................................................
Life, endowment, annuities, and income in
surance ..................................................
Other personal insurance..........................
Retirement and pensions...........................
542.90
746.04
940.20
1,233.24
1,565.55
2,121.17
392.15
174.81
5.73
362.36
233.54
8.83
503.66
281.57
8.26
650.36
357.88
11.07
864.30
465.44
14.36
1,085.75
806.30
22.61
1,292.26
294.93
2.90
94.32
Gifts and contributions...................................
385.68
403.12
494.13
629.57
863.44
1,893.53
460.06
8,969.69
6,489.69
6,376.14
-1 6 .1 6
-3 0 .5 6
14.08
18.57
10,951.75
8,816.84
8,750.29
-2 3 .6 7
-2 5 .1 3
4.54
19.71
13,414.15
11,130.50
11,049.35
-2 8 .5 2
-2 7 .1 8
17.27
19.11
17,237.42
14,701.94
14,639.52
-3 3 .3 8
-5 3 .6 1
12.58
20.02
22,117.60
18,910.89
18,778.54
-3 3 .4 3
-5 4 .0 6
4.53
18.55
37,658.86
26,001.57
25,898.42
-2 9 .51
-7 0 .5 3
13.59
35.60
2,026.69
1,056.17
1,014.81
-5 .2 4
-2 2 .4 5
7.51
21.41
101.70
25.93
528.80
352.43
176.37
577.93
72.71
18.40
605.17
430.94
174.23
403.37
79.78
20.78
653.80
474.27
179.53
352.68
96.26
20.55
802.45
554.10
248.35
265.53
171.76
25.01
1,300.65
919.35
381.30
235.64
135.55
18.45
6,652.72
4,885.78
1,766.93
322.71
30.48
9.64
133.08
70.45
62.63
239.84
385.99
277.50
306.42
338.97
337.57
533.38
173.51
437.02
345.97
405.07
523.08
721.45
2,907.59
183.55
108.08
64.15
91.92
117.55
158.01
*665.60
50.74
Sources of incom e and personal taxes
Money income before ta x e s...........................
W ages and salaries, total........................
Money wages and salaries, civilians.
Union dues........................................
Other occupational expenses...........
Rent received as p a y .......................
Meals received as p a y .....................
Money wages and salaries, Armed
Forces............................................
Quarters and subsistence.................
Self-employment income, to ta l................
Net income from own b u sin ess.......
Net income from own farm...............
Social security and railroad retirement....
Government retirement, veteran’s pay
ments, and unemployment compensa
tion........................................................
Estates, trusts, dividends, rental income,
royalties, income from roomers and
boarders, total......................................
Rental income, royalties, income
from roomers and boarders..........
See footnotes at end of table.
373
Table 146. Selected family characteristics, annual expenditures, and sources of income classified by
family income before taxes, United States, 1972-73— Continued
[A urban and rural families and single consumers, 1972-73 Consumer Expenditure Survey]
ll
Family income before taxes
Complete reporting income
Item
$8,000 to
$9,999
Sources of income and personal taxes— Continued
Income from interest, dividends, estates,
and trusts..............................................
Income from all other sources, total........
Welfare and public assista nce..........
Private pensions.........................
Regular contributions for support..........................................
Other income, including workers’ com pensation...................
$10,000 to
$11,999
$12,000 to
$14,999
$15,000 to
$19,999
$20,000 to
$24,999
$25,000 and
over
Incomplete
reporting of
income
$328.94
550.26
46.69
146.65
$281.82
502.90
39.92
129.44
$313.15
565.58
21.99
130.53
$405.54
605.45
17.54
109.08
$563.44
611.40
6.91
85.84
$2,241.99
1,242.57
15.61
228.37
$132.81
240.54
33.10
59.41
108.04
64.94
68.66
68.68
52.93
47.65
42.15
248.88
268.60
344.40
410.14
465.72
950.94
105.88
-1,058.91
-8 7 1 .5 2
-1 3 1 .6 4
-5 5 .7 6
-1 ,4 60 .4 9
-1,2 12 .0 2
-1 9 6 .5 3
-5 1 .9 5
-1 ,929.42
-1,6 08 .6 0
— 265.12
-5 5 .7 0
-2,6 96 .8 3
-2 ,2 51 .1 0
-3 7 6 .6 2
-6 9 .11
-3,7 47 .3 8
-3,1 39 .9 0
-5 2 8 .8 7
-7 8 .6 0
-7 ,1 99 .4 4
-5 ,9 37 .7 2
-1 ,0 65 .9 4
-1 9 5 .7 9
-3 8 2 .0 4
-3 0 9 .6 5
-4 3 .9 0
-2 8 .4 9
Other money receipts................................
235.35
168.73
215.38
245.29
340.13
469.75
167.27
Net change in assets and liabilities 4.......
Net change in a s s e ts ........................
Net change in liabilities......................
202.68
924.30
721.62
566.52
1,291.42
724.90
607.32
1,581.53
974.21
1,235.67
2,187.29
951.62
2,046.26
3,238.50
1,192.24
4,436.42
5,381.65
945.24
1,230.98
1,764.36
533.38
G oods and services received without
direct expense.......................................
126.98
123.47
141.40
155.97
169.87
197.61
110.24
Market value of financial assets 5 ............
5,304.65
5,110.01
6,276.63
7,666.05
11,836.69
31,239.75
2,785.83
Mortgage principal paid on owned prop
erty.........................................................
-1 6 6 .2 1
-2 9 3 .6 7
-3 4 7 .3 6
-4 9 2 .4 9
-5 6 6 .9 8
-9 1 0 .9 7
-2 7 8 .4 7
Estimated market value of owned home 6.
10,010.66
12,090.19
15,144.19
20,726.46
25,617.13
36,205.92
19,393.89
Estimated monthly rental value of owned
ho m e6 ..................................................
68.87
86.87
111.61
149.69
173.60
236.47
124.85
Personal taxes, total................................................
Federal income ta x e s ......................................
State and local income ta x e s ..........................
Personal property and other personal taxes ....
Other financial information
4 The difference between beginning and ending year values averaged
over the survey period.
5 Data represent end-of-year values.
6 Estimates made at the beginning of the survey year.
1 Percents may not sum to 100 due to rounding.
2 Value less than 0.05.
3 Value less tlron one-half cent.
374
Table 147. Selected family characteristics, annual expenditures, and sources of income classified by
age of family head, United States, 1972-73
[A urban and rural families and single consumers, 1972-73 Consumer Expenditure Survey]
ll
Age of family head
Item
All families
Under 25
25-34
45-54
35-44
55-64
65 and over
71,220
6,328
14,160
12,024
12,977
11,481
14,250
2.9
$11,419
$9,731
48
1.0
.3
1.3
1.8
$6,724
$5,773
22
.5
(>)
1.2
3.2
$11,764
$9,969
29
1.5
H
1.4
4,3
$14,297
$12,114
39
2.3
1.6
3.5
$15,529
$13,069
49
1.1
.1
1.7
2.3
$12,286
$10,277
59
.3
.1
1.4
1.7
$6,292
$5,764
73
.1
1.3
.8
58.8
33.4
25.3
.1
36.8
4.4
9.1
7.4
1.7
C1)
84.9
6.0
40.2
36.2
3.9
.1
50.6
9.2
68.3
57.4
10.8
.1
27.1
4.6
73.1
49.5
23.5
.1
24.0
2.9
74.0
31.0
42.9
.1
24.0
2.0
66.0
9.3
56.7
88.5
10.1
1.3
87.2
11.2
1.6
87.0
11.1
1.9
86.7
11.8
1.6
88.4
10.1
1.5
90.3
8.9
.8
91.0
8.2
.7
21.2
45.2
27.5
6.0
3.1
49.3
32.1
15.5
5.3
48.6
40.7
5.4
14.0
50.9
32.0
3.1
20.0
50.1
26.4
3.5
30.1
45.0
20.9
4.1
45.2
31.1
14.9
8.8
80.1
76.8
85.7
88.6
89.0
82.9
58.3
$8,270.48
1,595.57
1,154.53
34.56
103.58
179.11
101.87
44.92
53.90
31.97
28.12
94.67
64.72
44.45
50.24
35.09
38.50
34.72
87.73
30.70
$6,375.93
1,025.14
634.52
16.72
53.13
85.22
49.74
21.45
26.71
18.52
14.32
56.86
32.69
18.25
23.48
16.86
23.69
17.46
58.79
16.72
$9,014.46
1,638.52
1,138.09
35.85
98.49
170.11
96.62
40.87
48.89
31.57
27.32
102.25
62.42
36.11
44.19
31.64
41.37
32.72
91.00
29.40
$10,478.25
2,157.93
1,570.04
51.03
143.59
252.89
137.53
59.20
72.73
39.92
36.59
138.90
87.23
51.60
62.58
42.61
51.43
49.86
117.49
42.54
$10,463.76
2,042.64
1,461.56
40.01
134.26
242.72
127.67
60.22
68.67
41.94
34.26
119.23
81.61
57.40
63.84
42.03
46.48
44.11
109.78
36.35
95.69
422.22
18.82
83.90
365.83
24.78
117.27
478.31
22.12
132.33
567.42
20.47
110.98
557.15
23.93
74.53
358.68
18.80
53.12
203.42
6.90
Alcoholic beverages........................................
110.43
102.53
124.98
143.23
137.28
109.03
50.17
Tobacco products and smoking supplies........
129.91
96.94
141.84
162.60
173.44
136.09
60.52
Housing, to tal..................................................
Shelter, to tal.............................................
Rented dwellings...............................
Owned dw ellings...............................
Other lodging, excluding vacation.....
Fuel and utilities, to tal..............................
Gas, total...........................................
Gas, delivered in m ains.............
Gas, bottled or ta n k ...................
2,550.87
1,311.24
571.90
718.51
20.83
409.01
92.86
77.64
15.22
2,156.16
1,386.54
1,246.63
134.87
5.04
189.76
43.46
36.56
6.89
3,057.26
1,688.10
953.77
729.79
4.53
376.93
84.36
72.16
12.20
3,120.83
1,549.28
468.27
1,065.95
15.06
513.13
113.40
94.87
18.53
2,912.29
1,439.08
379.19
998.49
61.40
506.32
111.63
95.64
15.99
2,244.77
1,051.13
326.63
694.56
29.94
433.27
99.39
82.23
17.16
1,660.91
795.61
353.36
437.63
4.62
342.25
83.57
66.71
16.86
Number of families in universe (000’s ) .........................
Selected family characteristics
Average:
Family size.......................................................
Family income before ta xe s...........................
Family income after ta x e s ...............................
Age of head.....................................................
Number of children under 1 8 ..........................
Number of persons 65 and o v e r....................
Number of automobiles owned.......................
Percent: 2
Housing tenure:
Hom eow ner..............................................
With mortgage..................................
Without mortgage..............................
Mortgage not reported......................
Renter.......................................................
Other, including not reported...................
Race of head:
W h ite........................................................
B lack.........................................................
Other.........................................................
Education of family head:
1 to 8 y e a rs ..............................................
9 years, not more than 12 y e a rs.............
More than 12 y e a rs ..................................
Not reported or no s c h o o l.......................
Automobile ownership:
At least one automobile o w ned...............
( ')
( ')
31.9
2.1
Expenditure categories
Current consumption expenses, total.....................
Food, to ta l.......................................................
Food at home, total..................................
Cereals and cereal products.............
Bakery products................................
Beef...................................................
Pork...................................................
Other m eats......................................
Poultry...............................................
Fish and se a fo o d ..............................
E g g s..................................................
Fresh milk and cream .......................
Other dairy products.........................
F r e s h f r u i t s .......................................................
Fresh vegetables..........................
Processed fruits.................................
Processed vegetables......................
Sugar and other sw eets...................
Nonalcoholic beverages....................
Fats and o ils ........................... - ........
Miscellaneous prepared foods, condi
ments, and sea son in g s..................
Food away from ho m e.............................
Meals as p a y ............................................
See footnotes at end of table.
375
$7,858.68
1,475.01
1,097.53
31.69
98.74
170.79
101.23
47.50
54.13
31.34
27.52
76.55
63.96
49.15
54.61
37.14
35.18'
32.12
81.16
30.18
$4,866.50
1,038.76
828.45
25.11
74.28
118.23
77.99
31.67
41.87
23.25
22.96
60.18
48.00
42.68
42.00
32.33
-2ZJQ6
25.5c
58.40
23.79
Table 147. Selected family characteristics, annual expenditures, and sources of income classified by
age of family head, United States, 1972-73— Continued
[A urban and rural families and single consumers, 1972-73 Consumer Expenditure Survey]
ll
Age of family head
Item
All families
Under 25
Housing, total— Continued
Electricity...........................................
G as and electricity, combined b ills ....
Fuel oil and kerosene.......................
Other fuels, coal, and wood..............
Water, garbage, sewerage, trash,
and other.......................................
Household operations, total.....................
T elephone.........................................
Housekeeping and laundry sup
plies, total......................................
Laundry and cleaning su pp lies...
Other household products.........
Postage and stationery..............
Domestic and other household
services..........................................
Housefurnishings and equipment, total....
Household textiles.............................
Furniture............................................
Floor coverings.................................
Major appliances...............................
Small appliances...............................
H ousew ares......................................
M iscellaneous...................................
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65 and over
$156.80
40.47
51.19
4.97
$87.37
20.28
15.92
1.64
$160.62
37.02
36.82
2.57
$198.14
54.52
57.83
4.87
$191.26
53.19
62.87
5.69
$160.65
38.80
62.32
5.34
$114.45
30.76
55.91
7.95
62.73
443.47
178.02
21.11
278.21
148.48
55.55
497.01
197.56
84.36
527.57
201.11
81.68
500.88
203.90
66.77
435.41
184.07
49.60
348.22
124.00
130.56
47.09
45.83
37.63
71.41
26.67
24.18
20.56
133.74
50.33
46.87
36.54
173.76
65.76
61.66
46.33
162.69
57.93
56.50
48.26
123.70
42.69
44.17
36.84
94.50
31.41
33.05
30.04
134.90
387.14
50.82
131.73
42.21
89.50
9.77
9.29
53.81
58.31
301.65
28.30
129.61
16.72
80.58
6.91
8.50
31.03
165.71
495.23
55.85
189.33
47.01
116.49
10.84
11.39
64.32
152.70
530.86
67.83
190.91
59.54
114.83
12.18
12.28
73.28
134.29
466.00
64.62
148.36
54.48
103.76
12.23
12.45
70.09
127.63
324.96
49.60
90.16
42.71
73.78
10.20
8.10
50.40
129.72
174.83
29.90
43.83
22.58
44.96
5.34
3.12
25.10
Clothing, total..................................................
M ale’s, 2 and over...................................
Fem ale’s, 2 and o v e r...............................
Children’s, under 2 years.........................
Materials, repairs, alterations, and serv
ices........................................................
565.38
216.09
308.08
14.47
383.18
147.01
194.88
25.21
617.87
251.15
307.52
30.34
813.39
330.25
432.42
14.25
777.25
297.78
429.22
12.87
502.98
183.17
288.27
6.38
242.21
67.72
159.64
2.08
26.74
16.08
28.86
36.46
37.38
25.15
12.77
Dry cleaning and laundry...............................
81.98
87.73
100.49
90.46
91.70
78.80
47.59
Transportation, to tal........................................
Vehicle purchases (net outlay)................
Vehicle finance charges..........................
Vehicle operations, total..........................
Gasoline and fu e ls...........................
O ther.................................................
Other transportation.................... ............
1,597.16
704.55
79.65
750.17
347.61
402.55
62.79
1,522.10
797.74
62.32
615.31
294.74
320.57
46.73
1,701.22
774.77
98.35
767.25
368.58
398.67
60.85
1,965.65
868.24
103.06
924.53
446.39
478.14
69.83
2,158.33
950.55
100.46
1,019.91
466.41
553.50
87.41
1,604.99
689.62
70.20
779.18
352.62
426.56
65.99
698.93
243.30
37.65
376.93
154.70
222.23
41.05
Health care, total.............................................
527.55
251.96
467.55
566.61
1 6 9 .7 1
1 9 5 .6 0
603.81
240.96
310.33
507.10
196.54
251.83
H e a lt h i n s u r a n c e .....................................................
1 9 5 .8 1
9 5 .7 9
Expenses not covered by insurance.......
Nonprescription drugs and medical sup
plies.......................................................
277.47
128.44
254.40
311.92
645.84
232.54
342.47
54.27
27.72
43.45
59.10
70.83
52.52
58.73
Personal ca re ..................................................
165.21
79.94
145.73
210.74
226.82
182.47
114.86
Recreation, to ta l.............................................
Owned vacation h o m e..........................
Vacation and pleasure trips, total............
Food..................................................
Alcoholic beverages..........................
Lodging.............................................
Transportation, total..........................
G asoline.....................................
Other transportation...................
All expense to u rs..............................
Other vacation exp en ses..................
Boats, aircraft, and wheel g oo d s.............
Other recreation, to tal..............................
Television..........................................
O ther.................................................
Pets, toys, and g am e s...............
All other recreation expenses....
707.95
9.96
249.93
57.32
6.96
41.15
86.50
32.03
54.47
35.08
22.92
83.59
364.47
46.54
317.93
71.62
246.31
539.06
119.72
26.65
5.69
15.92
50.04
26.46
23.58
8.23
13.19
85.75
333.60
51.41
282.18
48.49
233.70
806.21
2.94
218.99
53.13
8.83
32.98
86.91
37.12
49.79
14.86
22.28
120.22
464.05
55.57
408.48
112.62
295.86
950.19
10.47
286.59
73.49
8.60
45.96
93.65
38.49
55.16
29.97
34.91
131.16
521.96
51.67
470.29
110.24
360.05
877.62
14.84
329.42
79.29
8.80
54.47
109.50
39.18
70.32
46.58
30.77
91.18
442.19
55.64
386.55
76.35
310.20
671.30
20.98
301.07
65.02
6.45
47.05
99.74
34.00
65.74
59.89
22.93
58.20
291.05
40.41
250.64
51.88
198.76
357.34
7.60
193.99
35.25
3.01
39.54
64.62
15.88
48.74
40.96
10.60
19.61
136.14
27.73
108.41
21.55
86.86
Reading...........................................................
47.72
32.72
55.62
59.31
56.15
45.73
30.68
Education, total...............................................
Private............ ...................................
105.52
62.05
39.83
15.89
59.49
36.83
132.84
84.34
251.52
146.74
118.15
66.23
14.42
8.31
n
See footnotes at end of table.
376
Table 147. Selected family characteristics, annual expenditures, and sources of income classified by
age of family head, United States, 1972-73— Continued
[A urban and rural families and single consumers, 1972-73 Consumer Expenditure Survey]
ll
Age of family head
Item
All families
Under 25
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65 and over
Education, total— Continued
P ub lic................................................
Day and summer ca m p ....................
$40.48
2.99
$23.94
(3)
$20.22
2.44
$40.97
7.53
$101.50
3.29
$48.16
3.76
$5.79
.32
Miscellaneous...........................................
85.23
58.63
97.66
104.47
112.87
85.56
42.99
Personal insurance, retirement, and pensions,
to tal....................................................................
Life, endowment, annuities, and income
insurance..............................................
Other personal insurance........................
Retirement and pensions.........................
734.18
428.86
820.68
1,036.74
1,074.63
786.73
176.13
249.11
7.72
477.35
100.08
1.98
326.81
238.62
7.33
574.73
351.45
10.02
675.27
370.67
10.97
692.98
288.53
8.98
489.22
96.88
4.76
74.49
Gifts and contributions............................................
507.67
165.71
332.70
528.10
660.87
669.08
546.66
Money income before ta xe s..................................
11,419.05
6,723.90
11,764.37
14,297.47
15.528.14
12,286.05
6,291.60
Wages and salaries, total................................
Money wages and salaries, civilians.......
Union d u e s ...............................................
Other occupational expenses..................
Rent received as p a y ...............................
Meals received as p a y .............................
Money wages and salaries, Armed
Forces...................................................
Quarters and subsistence........................
8,539.60
8,475.92
-1 7 .5 3
-3 3 .5 7
9.78
18.82
5,946.34
5,744.28
-1 3 .21
-2 5 .1 5
13.98
24.78
10,167.65
10,042.50
-2 0 .7 6
-3 2 .9 3
10.39
22.12
11,997.84
11,885.87
-2 3 .8 3
-5 4 .8 1
5.94
20.47
12,368.86
12,337.03
-2 6 .1 2
-4 2 .7 3
15.89
23.93
8,718.70
8,739.89
-1 8 .2 8
-3 2 .61
9.63
18.80
1,524.05
1,526.24
-2 .5 0
-1 2 .4 3
5.12
6.90
70.86
15.32
159.57
42.08
117.98
28.35
137.52
26.70
54.09
6.77
.04
1.24
.72
Self-employment income, to tal.......................
Net income from own b usin ess...............
Net income from own farm................... ,..
875.24
613.59
261.64
190.08
147.91
42.18
649.33
489.11
160.22
999.34
697.48
301.86
1,546.78
1,085.22
461.56
1,229.95
906.92
323.03
401.93
207.50
194.43
Social security and railroad retirement...........
Government retirement, veteran’s payments,
and unemployment compensation...............
577.61
18.15
63.05
151.45
247.96
468.47
2,085.02
292.65
102.55
159.84
191.74
341.12
416.35
450.40
533.25
44.52
127.84
255.16
485.08
903.17
1,133.58
120.87
6.43
39.68
79.36
145.33
200.80
200.71
412.38
38.09
88.16
175.81
339.75
702.37
932.87
701.94
137.46
9.41
129.58
538.94
75.24
23.25
79.33
549.42
71.07
200.56
26.33
696.63
100.63
449.77
23.01
Sources of income and personal taxes
Estates, trusts, dividends, rental income,
royalties, income from roomers and
boarders, total.............................................
Rental income, royalties, income from
roomers and boarders..........................
Income from interest, dividends, es
tates, and tru sts...................................
n
Income from all other sources, total...............
Welfare and public assista nce.................
Private pensions.......................................
Regular contributions for support............
Other income, including workers’ com
pensation..............................................
600.81
107.30
129.00
70.38
422.26
142.12
69.26
596.65
131.62
4.28
95.80
294.12
210.89
364.96
425.48
361.11
251.45
123.21
Personal taxes, to tal..............................................
Federal income taxes......................................
State and local income ta x e s .........................
Personal property and other personal taxes....
-1 ,6 87 .9 3
-1,399.11
-2 3 4 .0 5
-5 4 .7 7
-9 5 1 .3 9
-814.51
-1 2 2 .7 3
-1 4 .1 5
-1,795.76
-1,502.81
-2 5 3 .5 8
-3 9 .3 7
-2,1 83 .7 8
-1,8 13 .8 9
-3 0 7 .3 0
-6 2 .5 9
-2 ,460.03
-2,0 38 .4 2
-3 4 5 .6 9
-7 5 .9 3
-2,009.21
-1,6 54 .7 9
-2 7 6 .0 6
-7 8 .3 5
-527.51
-4 1 7 .5 0
-6 6 .7 5
-4 3 .2 6
n
See footnotes at end of table.
377
Table 147. Selected family characterlstica, annual expenditures, and sources of Income classified by
age of family head, United States, 1972-73— Continued
[A urban and rural families and single consumers, 1972-73 Consumer Expenditure Survey]
ll
Item
Age of family head
All families
Under 25
25-34
35-44
45-54
55-64
65 and over
Other financial information
Other money receipts............................................
Net change in assets and liabilities 4..............
Net change in a s s e ts ......................................
Net change in liabilities...................................
$219.41
824.23
1,463.88
639.65
$167.63
-3 9 8 .2 2
867.24
1,265.46
$189.53
938.20
2,657.00
1,718.80
$238.03
1,169.89
1,883.76
713.87
$225.68
1,203.49
1,528.71
325.22
$297.75
1,151.23
1,133.28
-1 7 .9 5
$187.56
353.31
396.24
42.92
Goods and services received without direct ex
pense ..................................................................
132.45
173.69
153.53
165.46
145.65
113.90
68.25
Market value of financial a s s e ts 8..........................
7,094.13
901.10
2,615.02
4,092.10
6,689.73
11,668.20
«
13,511.04
Mortgage principal paid on owned property..........
-3 0 1 .4 6
-5 8 .81
-2 7 0 .9 0
-5 3 2 .2 7
-5 0 4 .6 9
-2 8 1 .2 5
-7 6 .0 2
Estimated market value of owned home 6.............
14,283.12
2,062.04
11,248.79
18.739.53
19,427.97
17,050.03
12,050.40
Estimated monthly rental value of owned h o m e 6..
100.19
18.89
89.57
130.42
135.73
109.81
81.20
5 Data represent end-of-year values.
6 Estimates made at the beginning of the survey year.
7 Data not available.
1 Value less than 0.05.
2 Percents may not sum to 100 due to rounding.
3 Value less than one-half cent.
4 The difference between beginning and ending year values averaged
over the survey period.
378
Table 148. Selected family characteristica, annual expenditures, and sources of income
classified by race of head, United States, 1972*73
[A urban and rural families and single consumers, 1972-73 Consumer Expenditure Survey]
ll
Race of family head
All families
Item
Other
Black
White
71,220
63,062
7,199
959
2.9
$11,419
$9,731
48
1.0
.3
1.3
2.8
$11,862
$10,078
48
1.0
.3
1.4
3.1
$7,577
$6,743
46
1.4
.2
.8
3.3
$11,109
$9,387
42
1.3
.2
1.2
58.8
33.4
25.3
.1
36.8
4.4
61.3
34.7
26.5
.1
34.2
4.5
39.4
23.1
16.2
.1
57.4
3.2
36.9
26.1
10.9
(2)
56.1
6.9
88.5
10.1
1.3
100.0
(5)
(5)
(5)
100.0
(5)
(5)
(8)
100.0
21.2
45.2
27.5
6.0
20.1
45.4
29.0
5.5
31.5
44.9
13.4
10.2
20.8
34.9
33.1
11.3
80.1
83.0
55.2
74.1
Current consumption expenses, to ta l.............................................
Food, total.................................................................................
Food at home, to ta l...........................................................
Cereals and cereal products......................................
Bakery products..........................................................
B eef............................................................................
P o rk ............................................................................
Other m e ats...............................................................
Poultry........... .............................................................
Fish and seafood........................................................
E g g s ...........................................................................
Fresh milk and cream ................................................
Other dairy p roducts..................................................
Fresh fru its.............................................. ..................
Fresh vegetables........................................................
Processed fruits..........................................................
Processed vegetables................................................
Sugar and other s w e e ts.............................................
Nonalcoholic beverages.............................................
Fats and oils............................................................ .
Miscellaneous prepared foods, condiments, and
seasonings..............................................................
Food away from h o m e ......................................................
Meals as pay......................................................................
$8,270.48
1,595.57
1,154.53
34.56
103.58
179.11
101.87
44.92
53.90
31.97
28.12
94.67
64.72
44.45
50.24
35.09
38.50
34.72
87.73
30.70
$8,509.99
1,620.87
1,160.17
34.13
106.53
182.57
95.79
44.93
50.02
29.95
27.58
97.48
67.12
44.57
50.35
35.96
38.38
35.94
89.12
31.23
$6,158.32
1,335.34
1,070.52
33.80
77.35
145.67
151.36
43.60
86.12
43.98
31.36
70.27
44.05
40.27
45.90
26.57
39.29
24.00
74.85
24.78
$8,310.65
1,856.88
1,437.41
74.24
98.96
197.04
150.81
55.76
79.05
86.53
42.19
85.26
54.71
71.13
78.67
39.89
40.59
31.61
90.50
39.90
95.69
422.22
18.82
98.50
442.30
18.40
67.31
243.92
20.90
120.54
387.95
31.52
Alcoholic beverages.................................................................
110.43
112.84
89.39
102.96
Tobacco products and smoking su pp lies.................................
129.91
132.84
109.50
90.27
Housing, to ta l...........................................................................
Shelter, total.......................................................................
Rented dw ellings........................................................
Owned dwellings.........................................................
Other lodging, excluding vacation..............................
Fuel and utilities, total........................................................
Gas, to tal....................................................................
Gas, delivered in m a in s......................................
Gas, bottled or tank.............................................
Electricity....................................................................
2,550.87
1,311.24
571.90
718.51
20.83
409.01
92.86
77.64
15.22
156.80
2,620.60
1,345.43
560.56
762.14
22.73
421.24
93.17
77.48
15.69
162.18
1,923.51
985.73
622.91
357.19
5.64
318.22
94.86
82.83
12.03
114.70
2,667.93
1,506.32
934.73
561.85
9.74
286.91
57.49
49.18
8.31
118.54
Number of families in universe (000's)...................................................
S e lecte d fam ily ch a ra c te ristic s
Average:
Family s iz e ................................................................................
Family income before ta x e s .....................................................
Family income after taxes.........................................................
Age of head..............................................................................
Number of children under 1 8 ...................................................
Number of persons 65 and over..............................................
Number of automobiles ow ned................................................
P ercen t:1
Housing tenure:
Homeowner.......................................................................
With mortgage............................................................
Without mortgage.......................................................
Mortgage not reported...............................................
Renter................................................................................
Other, including not reported...*..........................................
R ace of head:
W hite........... ......................................................................
B la c k ..................................................................................
O ther..................................................................................
Education of family head:
1 to 8 years.......................................................................
9 years, not more than 12 years.......................................
More than 12 years............................................................
Not reported or no school.................................................
Automobile ownership:
At least one automobile owned.........................................
E xpenditu re ca te g o rie s
See footnotes at end of table.
379
Table 148. Selected family characterlstlce, annual expenditures, and sources of income
classified by race of head, United States, 1972-73— Continued
[A urban and rural families and single consumers, 1972-73 Consumer Expenditure Survey]
ll
R ace of family head
Item
All families
White
Black
Other
Housing, total— Continued
G as and electricity, combined b ills ............................
Fuel oil and kerosen e................................................
Other fuels, coal, and w ood.......................................
Water, garbage, sewerage, trash, and o th er.............
Household operations, total............ ..................................
Telephone...................................................................
Housekeeping and laundry supplies, total..................
Laundry and cleaning supplies............................
Other household products..................................
Postage and stationery.......................................
Domestic and other household services....................
Housefurnishings and equipment, total.............................
Household textiles......................................................
Furniture......................................................................
Floor coverings...........................................................
Major appliances.........................................................
Small appliances.........................................................
Housewares................................................................
M iscellaneous............................................................
$40.47
51.19
4.97
62.73
443.47
178.02
130.56
47.09
45.83
37.63
134.90
387.14
50.82
131.73
42.21
89.50
9.77
9.29
53.81
$41.05
54.83
4.98
65.02
454.38
179.70
133.87
47.32
47.02
39.53
140.81
399.56
52.15
132.84
45.16
91.94
10.19
9.74
57.53
$36.24
22.81
5.02
44.58
345.84
162.67
97.81
45.00
34.40
18.41
85.36
273.72
38.57
114.97
18.53
67.53
6.03
5.45
22.66
$34.03
24.85
3.47
48.53
453.06
180.95
153.25
47.27
50.89
55.10
118.85
421.64
55.46
184.08
26.31
94.10
9.78
8.73
43.19
Clothing, to ta l...........................................................................
Male’s, 2 and o v e r............................................................
Female’s, 2 and over.........................................................
Children’s, under 2 y e a rs ..................................................
Materials, repairs, alterations, and services......................
565.38
216.09
308.08
14.47
26.74
570.25
217.62
310.74
13.97
27.91
522.67
200.89
286.53
18.66
16.58
566.20
229.32
295.03
15.55
26.29
Dry cleaning and laundry..........................................................
81.98
75.04
142.30
85.57
Transportation, to ta l.................................................................
Vehicle purchases (net outlay)..........................................
Vehicle finance charges....................................................
Vehicle operations, total....................................................
Gasoline and fu e ls .....................................................
O th er..........................................................................
Other transportation..........................................................
1,597.16
704.55
79.65
750.17
347.61
402.55
62.79
1,645.54
733.20
80.81
776.41
359.39
417.02
55.12
1,191.76
476.44
62.01
526.75
250.25
276.50
126.56
1,456.48
533.24
135.21
699.85
304.29
395.56
88.18
Health care, to ta l......................................................................
Health insurance...............................................................
Expenses not covered by insurance..................................
Nonprescription drugs and medical supplies.....................
527.55
195.81
277.47
54.27
556.72
203.89
295.81
57.01
288.34
129.71
128.61
30.02
397.95
160.90
188.63
48.42
Personal c a r e ...........................................................................
165.21
170.45
123.41
129.18
Recreation, total........................................................................
Owned vacation home.......................................................
Vacation and pleasure trips, to ta l.....................................
F o o d .......................... ................... :....... ................ ::...
Alcoholic beverages...................................................
Lodging.......................................................................
Transportation, total...................................................
G aso lin e..............................................................
Other transportation............................................
All expense tours........................................................
Other vacation expenses............................................
Boats, aircraft, and wheel g o o d s ......................................
Other recreation, total........................................................
Television....................................................................
O th er..........................................................................
Pets, toys, and gam es.........................................
All other recreation exp en ses.............................
707.95
9.96
249.93
57.32
6.96
41.15
86.50
32.03
54.47
35.08
22.92
83.59
364.47
46.54
317.93
71.62
246.31
754.50
11.18
270.08
62.74
7.59
45.09
92.03
34.68
57.35
37.88
24.75
92.86
380.38
47.64
332.74
74.56
258.18
305.00
.48
72.82
11.57
1.90
8.82
34.28
10.96
23.32
8.95
7.30
9.91
221.80
36.44
185.37
44.14
141.23
665.95
.52
254.74
44.66
3.56
25.07
114£CL
16.05
98.55
47.32
19.53
27.07
383.62
50.44
333.18
78.22
254.97
Reading.....................................................................................
47.72
50.37
23.86
52.48
Education, to ta l........................................................................
P rivate...............................................................................
Pub lic.................................................................................
Day summer c a m p ...........................................................
105.52
62.05
40.48
2.99
111.33
66.45
41.55
3.33
55.52
24.78
30.68
0.07
97.64
52.64
43.49
1.52
M iscellaneous...........................................................................
85.23
88.64
47.72
141.16
Personal insurance, retirement, and pensions, total.......................
734.18
757.93
516.15
809.19
See footnotes at end of table.
380
Table 148. Selected family characteristics, annual expenditures, and sources of income
classified by race of head, United States, 1972-73— Continued
[A urban and rural families and single consumers, 1972-73 Consumer Expenditure Survey]
ll
R ace of family head
All families
Item
White
Black
Other
Life, endowment, annuities, and income insurance.........................
Other personal insurance.........................................................
Retirement and pensions..........................................................
$249.11
7.72
477.35
$256.24
7.86
493.83
$189.90
6.21
320.03
$224.58
10.28
574.33
Gifts and contributions.....................................................................
507.67
538.99
235.66
486.61
Money income before taxes........... .................................................
Wages and salaries, to ta l.........................................................
Money wages and salaries, civilians.................................
Union d ues........................................................................
Other occupational expenses............................................
Rent received as pay.........................................................
Meals received as pay.......................................................
Money wages and salaries, Armed Forces.......................
Quarters and subsistence.................................................
Self-employment income, total.................................................
Net income from own business.........................................
Net income from own farm ...............................................
Social security and railroad retirement.....................................
Government retirement, veteran’s payments, and unemployment com pensation..............................................................
Estates, trusts, dividends, rental income, royalties, income
from roomers and boarders, total.........................................
Rental income, royalties, income from roomers and
boarders.........................................................................
Income from interest, dividends, estates, and trusts........
Income from all other sources, to ta l........................................
Welfare and public assistance...........................................
Private pensions................................................................
Regular contributions for support......................................
Other income, including workers’ com pensation..............
11,419.05
8,539.60
8,475.92
-1 7 .5 3
-3 3 .5 7
9.78
18.82
70.86
15.32
875.24
613.59
261.64
577.61
11,862.33
8,848.69
8,789.34
-1 7 .5 3
-3 5 .6 0
10.30
18.40
68.39
15.38
934.52
648.68
285.85
604.12
7,577.20
5,744.74
5,647.61
-1 6 .21
-1 6 .4 6
4.39
20.90
88.64
15.87
386.80
343.36
43.45
386.13
11,109.40
9,195.41
9,096.94
-2 7 .61
-2 8 .3 8
15.95
31.52
99.71
7.27
643.28
335.19
308.09
271.46
292.65
301.90
227.17
175.96
533.25
588.14
85.92
281.31
120.87
412.38
600.81
107.30
129.00
70.38
294.12
128.25
459.89
585.08
73.27
141.05
69.58
301.17
61.11
24.81
746.43
397.12
37.12
76.72
235.47
83.63
197.67
541.99
169.52
26.37
75.27
270.82
Personal taxes, total........................................................................
Federal income taxes...............................................................
State and local income taxes...................................................
Personal property and other personal taxes............................
-1 ,687.93
-1,399.11
-2 3 4 .0 5
-5 4 .7 7
-1,784.91
-1 ,4 79 .3 0
-2 4 6 .0 2
-5 9 .5 8
-8 3 3 .7 7
-6 9 5 .6 0
-1 2 1 .7 6
-1 6 .4 2
-1 ,722.85
-1,4 06 .7 6
-2 8 9 .9 0
-2 6 .1 9
Other money receipts.......................................................................
219.41
240.97
45.42
107.53
Net change in assets and liabilities 3..............................................
Net change in a s s e ts ...............................................................
Net change in liabilities............................................................
824.23
1,463.88
639.65
909.96
1,549.03
639.06
125.51
633.42
507.91
431.40
2,098.53
1,667.13
Goods and services received without direct expense.....................
132.45
135.23
108.41
130.20
Market value of financial a sse ts......................................................
7,094.13
7,880.77
658.81
3,673.77
Mortgage principal paid on owned property....................................
-3 0 1 .4 6
-3 2 6 .7 2
-8 5 .91
-2 5 8 .1 5
Estimated market value of owned home 4 ......................................
5
14,283.12
15,251.71
6,073.15
12,220.63
Estimated monthly rental value of owned home 4 ..........................
100.19
106.84
45.45
73.68
Sources of income and personal taxes
Other financial information
1 Percents may not sum to 100 due to rounding.
2 Value less than 0.05.
3 Data represent end-of-year values.
4 Estimates made at the beginning of the survey year.
5 Data not available.
381
Table 149. Selected family characteristics, annual expenditures, and sources of income classified by
region, United States, 1972-73
[A urban and rural families and single consumers, 1972-73 Consumer Expenditure Survey]
ll
Region
Item
All families
Northeast
North Central
South
West
71,220
17,138
19,543
21,582
12,953
2.9
$11,419
$9,731
48
1.0
.3
1.3
2.9
$11,503
$9,697
49
1.0
.3
1.2
2.9
$11,915
$10,052
47
1.0
.3
1.4
2.9
$10,348
$8,936
48
1.0
.3
1.3
2.7
$12,019
$10,294
47
.9
.3
1.4
58.8
33.4
25.3
.1
36.8
4.4
55.1
31.1
23.8
.1
41.7
3.3
63.8
35.9
27.8
.1
31.8
4.3
60.1
32.1
28.0
(2)
35.1
4.8
53.9
35.0
18.9
(2)
40.8
5.3
88.5
10.1
1.3
90.7
8.0
1.2
92.1
7.5
.4
82.2
17.3
.5
90.9
4.8
4.3
21.2
45.2
27.5
6.0
20.2
45.6
28.5
5.7
21.4
49.2
24.1
5.3
26.3
42.1
24.9
6.6
13.8
44.1
35.6
6.6
80.1
74.9
83.0
79.9
82.8
Current consumption expenses, total................................................
Food, to ta l............................................................ ......................
Food at home, to tal.............................................................
Cereals and cereal products.........................................
Bakery products............................................................
Beef...............................................................................
Pork...............................................................................
Other m eats..................................................................
Poultry...........................................................................
Fish and seafood..........................................................
E g g s..............................................................................
Fresh milk and cream ...................................................
Other dairy products.....................................................
Fresh fruits....................................................................
Fresh vegetables..........................................................
Processed fruits............................................................
Processed vegetables...................................................
Sugar and other sw eets...............................................
Nonalcoholic beverages...............................................
Fats and o ils .................................................................
Miscellaneous prepared foods, condiments, and sea
sonings........ ..............................................................
Food away from ho m e.........................................................
Meals as p a y ......... ..............................................................
$8,270.48
1,595.57
1,154.53
34.56
103.58
179.11
101.87
44.92
53.90
31.97
28.12
94.67
64.72
44.45
50.24
35.09
38.50
34.72
87.73
30.70
$8,878.35
1,799.54
1,314.02
34.52
126.24
213.96
97.69
63.28
68.52
44.75
29.63
101.90
77.88
54.77
61.44
40.61
42.63
34.41
96.45
28.95
$8,240.35
1,590.44
1,148.70
32.72
105.96
187.15
107.15
46.23
45.85
25.03
24.78
95.10
64.89
42.80
45.19
34.10
36.03
37.08
85.65
30.32
$7,592.93
1,459.68
1,081.32
36.26
92.19
151.69
108.98
33.49
53.59
29.61
30.46
91.58
54.53
35.68
46.12
30.65
40.19
33.60
90.67
32.89
$8,647.86
1,566.91
1,078.41
34.52
89.54
167.75
87.06
38.28
47.48
29.84
27.25
89.79
64.53
48.37
50.26
36.91
33.95
33.41
74.41
29.82
95.69
422.22
18.82
96.40
461.66
23.86
102.67
424.89
16.85
89.13
361.30
17.07
95.25
470.41
18.09
Alcoholic beverages....................................................................
110.43
124.49
105.56
81.44
148.99
Tobacco products and smoking supplies...................................
129.91
158.94
129.11
125.75
99.63
Housing, to ta l..............................................................................
Shelter, to ta l........................................................................
Rented dwellings...........................................................
Owned dw ellings...........................................................
Other lodging, excluding vacation................................
Fuel and utilities, to ta l..........................................................
Gas, total............................................................. .........
Gas, delivered in m ain s.........................................
Gas, bottled or ta n k ...............................................
Electricity.......................................................................
2,550.87
1,311.24
571.90
718.51
20.83
409.01
92.86
77.64
15.22
156.80
2,854.67
1,536.23
697.99
814.93
23.32
450.82
85.44
78.71
6.74
146.81
2,495.69
1,240.45
475.28
738.50
26.66
435.66
135.86
111.91
23.95
154.96
2,246.26
1,058.43
458.41
583.48
16.53
393.26
74.99
56.76
18.23
191.63
2,737.45
1,541.22
740.12
785.21
15.90
339.61
67.49
59.24
8.25
114.67
Number of families in universe (000’s).....................................................
Se lecte d fam ily ch a ra c te ristic s
Average:
Family s ize ..................................................................................
Family income before ta xe s........................................................
Family income after ta x e s..........................................................
Age of head.................................................................................
Number of children under 1 8 ......................................................
Number of persons 65 and o v e r................................................
Number of automobiles ow ned...................................................
P ercen t:1
Housing tenure:
Homeowner..........................................................................
With m ortgage..............................................................
Without mortgage.........................................................
Mortgage not reported..................................................
'
Renter...................................................................................
Other, including not reported...............................................
R ace of head:
White....................................................................................
B la ck ....................................................................................
Other....................................................................................
Education of family head:
1 to 8 years..........................................................................
9 years, not more than 12 years.................... .....................
More than 12 y e a rs .............................................................
Not reported or no s c h o o l...................................................
Automobile ownership:
At least one automobile o w n ed ...........................................
E xpenditu re categ o rie s
See footnotes at end of table.
382
Table 149. Selected family characteristics, annual expenditures, and sources of income classified by
region, United States, 1972-73— Continued
[A urban and rural families and single consumers, 1972-73 Consumer Expenditure Survey]
ll
Region
Item
All families
Northeast
North Central
South
West
Housing, total— Continued
G as and electricity, combined b ills ...............................
Fuel oil and kerosene...................................................
Other fuels, coal, and wood..........................................
Water, garbage, sewerage, trash, and o ther................
Household operations, total.................................................
T elep h on e.....................................................................
Housekeeping and laundry supplies, to ta l....................
Laundry and cleaning su pp lies..............................
Other household products.....................................
Postage and stationery..........................................
Domestic and other household services......................
Housefurnishings and equipment, total................................
Household textiles.........................................................
Furniture........................................................................
Floor coverings.............................................................
Major ap p liances...........................................................
Small ap p liances....................................... ...................
H ousew ares..................................................................
M iscellaneous...............................................................
$40.47
51.19
$4.97
62.73
443.47
178.02
130.56
47.09
45.83
37.63
134.90
387.14
50.82
131.73
42.21
89.50
9.77
9.29
53.81
$56.33
113.37
$4.85
44.02
472.47
188.01
144.49
50.03
53.96
40.50
139.96
395.15
53.63
145.13
43.84
79.33
9.00
8.67
55.54
$37.52
43.07
$3.92
60.32
424.01
174.03
134.57
48.97
45.31
40.29
115.42
395.57
49.03
128.29
47.97
94.40
10.36
8.94
56.58
$19.81
28.06
$6.38
72.40
429.97
171.56
117.72
45.94
41.45
30.33
140.70
364.60
♦ 46.27
126.08
34.27
93.25
9.19
8.13
47.41
$58.36
19.71
$4.35
75.02
457.17
181.59
127.99
42.32
43.38
42.29
147.59
399.45
57.35
128.63
44.16
89.36
10.80
12.59
56.56
Clothing, to tal..............................................................................
M ale’s, 2 and o ve r...............................................................
Female's, 2 and over............................................................
Children’s, under 2 years.....................................................
Materials, repairs, alterations, and se rv ice s........................
565.38
216.09
308.08
14.47
26.74
607.53
231.84
337.61
17.38
20.70
550.78
210.80
299.32
14.64
26.02
540.73
206.32
292.54
13.30
28.57
572.71
219.36
308.24
12.32
32.79
Dry cleaning and laundry.............................................................
81.98
96.84
73.26
80.37
78.14
Transportation, to ta l....................................................................
Vehicle purchases (net outlay).............................................
Vehicle finance charges.......................................................
Vehicle operations, total.......................................................
Gasoline and fu e ls ........................................................
O ther.............................................................................
Other transportation.............................................................
1,597.16
704.55
79.65
750.17
347.61
402.55
62.79
1,531.96
625.64
65.20
727.88
311.75
416.13
113.24
1,683.11
770.10
96.25
764.01
359.40
404.61
52.75
1,544.36
703.89
72.88
730.23
359.60
370.63
37.36
1,642.23
711.43
85.00
791.94
357.35
434.60
53.86
Health care, to tal............. ...........................................................
Health insurance..................................................................
Expenses not covered by insurance...................................
Nonprescription drugs and medical supplies.......................
527.55
195.81
277.47
54.27
509.29
176.47
280.90
51.91
517.65
200.95
260.15
56.54
535.24
209.70
271.08
54.45
553.75
190.45
309.74
53.56
Personal c a re ..............................................................................
165.21
165.00
163.02
164.74
169.80
Recreation, total..........................................................................
Owned vacation h o m e .....................................................
Vacation and pleasure trips, to tal........................................
F o o d ....................................................... .......................
Alcoholic beverages......................................................
Lodging..........................................................................
Transportation, total......................................................
G asoline.................................................................
Other transportation...............................................
All expense tours...........................................................
Other vacation ex p e n se s..............................................
Boats, aircraft, and wheel g o o d s.........................................
Other recreation, to ta l..........................................................
T elevision......................................... ............................
O ther.............................................................................
Pets, toys, and g a m e s...........................................
All other recreation exp en ses................................
707.95
9.96
249.93
57.32
6.96
41.15
86.50
32.03
54.47
35.08
22.92
83.59
364.47
46.54
317.93
71.62
246.31
754.66
17.15
308.22
61.45
58.28
93.63
22.31
71.32
62.63
24.04
69.35
359.94
43.13
316.81
78.10
238.71
696.30
9.99
236.64
57.03
7.13
38.45
83.81
37.74
46.07
28.71
21.51
85.45
364.22
45.22
319.00
68.62
250.38
605.36
4.68
187.48
46.27
4.67
30.76
67.19
29.89
37.30
20.38
18.23
79.97
333.22
46.87
286.36
63.00
223.35
834.88
9.19
297.01
70.73
8.89
39.91
113.33
39.85
73.48
32.76
31.39
105.67
423.01
52.52
370.49
82.43
288.06
Reading.......................................................................................
47.72
44.14
45.36
46.36
58.29
Education, to tal...........................................................................
Private...................................................................................
P ub lic....................................................................................
Day and summer cam p ........................................................
105.52
62.05
40.48
2.99
154.14
110.54
42.41
1.18
109.79
56.67
46.08
7.04
83.94
43.38
38.33
2.23
70.65
37.15
33.07
.43
M iscellaneous..............................................................................
85.23
77.17
80.27
78.70
114.45
Personal insurance, retirement, and pensions, total..........................
734.18
720.62
774.96 ,
700.38
746.79
See footnotes at end of table.
383
8 .2 0
Table 149. Selected family characteristics, annual expenditures, and sources of income classified by
region, United States, 1972-73— Continued
[A urban and rural families and single consumers, 1972-73 Consumer Expenditure Survey]
ll
Item
Region
AII X .'IUa
amm
All families
Northeast
North Central
South
West
Personal insurance, retirement, and pensions, total— Continued
Life, endowment, annuities, and income in su ra n ce ............
Other personal in su ra n ce ..................................... ^
...:..........
Retirement and p en sio n s.....................................................
$249.11
7.72
477.35
$245.25
4.97
470.40
$248.00
4.91
522.05
$256.03
8.03
436.32
$244.37
15.10
487.32
Gifts and contributions.......................................................................
507.67
533.79
477.05
469.36
581.48
Money income before ta x e s ..............................................................
W ages and salaries, to tal............................................................
Money wages and salaries, civilian s...................................
Union dues...........................................................................
Other occupational expenses...............................................
Rent received as p a y ...........................................................
Meals received as p a y .........................................................
Money wages and salaries, Armed F o rc e s .........................
Quarters and subsistence....................................................
Self-employment income, to ta l...................................................
Net income from own business............................................
Net income from own farm ..................................................
Social security and railroad retirement....... :..............................
Government retirement, veteran’s payments, and unemploy
ment com pensation.................................................................
Estates, trusts, dividends, rental income, royalties, income
from roomers and boarders, total............................................
Rental income, royalties, income from roomers and
boarders...........................................................................
Income from interest, dividends, estates, and tru sts..........
Income from all other sources, total...........................................
Welfare and public a ssista n ce.............................................
Private pensions...................................................................
Regular contributions for support.........................................
Other income, including workers’ com pensation.................
11,419.05
8,539.60
8,475.92
-1 7 .5 3
-3 3 .5 7
9.78
18.82
70.86
15.32
875.24
613.59
261.64
577.61
11,502.58
8,814.42
8,800.08
-1 9 .6 4
-2 3 .3 5
7.87
23.86
18.94
6.65
574.63
471.22
103.41
642.46
11,915.16
9,054.46
9,049.63
-2 5 .6 9
-3 9 .7 0
8.38
16.85
35.93
9.06
1,019.37
568.59
450.78
575.44
10,347.66
7,596.69
7,462.98
-9 .8 5
-2 8 .9 5
9.94
17.07
121.33
24.18
869.77
703.93
165.85
545.36
12,018.54
8,642.72
8,541.58
-1 5 .2 4
-4 5 .5 3
14.16
18.09
108.19
21.47
1,064.92
719.57
345.35
548.98
292.65
269.95
183.37
346.62
397.75
533.25
554.74
500.26
488.38
628.93
120.87
412.38
600.81
107.30
129.00
70.38
294.12
115.97
438.77
646.37
152.30
161.73
72.04
260.31
93.36
406.90
582.27
91.73
125.94
57.99
306.61
141.76
346.61
500.84
76.50
103.23
65.77
255.34
133.54
495.39
735.24
122.63
133.30
94.60
384.71
Personal taxes, to tal..........................................................................
Federal income taxes..................................................................
State and local income taxes......................................................
Personal property and other personal taxes...............................
-1,6 87 .9 3
-1,399.11
-2 3 4 .0 5
-5 4 .7 7
-1,8 05 .4 6
-1,4 57 .9 4
-3 0 6 .5 5
-4 0 .9 6
-1,863.41
-1,538.71
-2 6 0 .4 8
-6 4 .2 2
-1 ,4 11 .6 8
-1,206.01
-1 5 1 .0 9
-5 4 .5 8
-1,724.21
-1,4 28 .5 4
-2 3 6 .5 4
-5 9 .1 2
Other money receipts.........................................................................
219.41
197.33
256.13
172.68
271.16
Net change in assets and liabilities 3 ..........................................
Net change in assets.................................................... .......
Net change in liabilities........................................................
824.23
1,463.88
639.65
794.98
1,324.10
529.12
755.54
1,461.34
705.81
751.91
1,449.83
697.92
1,086.47
1,675.77
589.30
Goods and services received without direct e x p e n s e ................
132.45
115.44
130.27
148.14
132.13
Market value of financial assets 4 ...............................................
7,094.13
7,128.44
7,163.72
6,392.18
8,114.99
Mortgage principal paid on owned property................................
-3 0 1 .4 6
-2 2 5 .6 4
-3 0 6 .6 6
-2 5 1 .8 4
-476.51
Estimated market value of owned ho m e 5 ..................................
14,283.12
15,344.63
14,943.75
12,423.48
14,968.59
Estimated monthly rental value of owned hom e 5 ......................
100.19
105.19
104.19
88.30
107.23
Sources of incom e and personal taxes
Other financial information
1 Percents may not sum to 100 due to rounding.
2 Value less than 0.05.
3 The difference between beginning and ending year values averaged
over the survey period.
4 Data represent end-of-year values.
5 Estimates made at the beginning of the survey year.
384
Table 150. Annual costs of a lower budget for a 4-person family,1 autumn 1979
[Amounts in dollars]
Family consumption
Area
Total
budg
et *
Urban United
States..................... 12,585
Metropolitan
areas 10......... 12,722
Nonmetropolitan
areas 11.......... 11,972
Total
con
sumption Total
10,234 3,911
Away
At
Renter
from Total4
home
costs 8
home
Social
secu
Per
rity
sonal
Other
Other
and
Per Medi
in
family
items 9 dis
Auto Cloth
come
sonal cal
ability
consump
mobile ing
care ca re7
Total
taxes
own
tion 8
pay
ments
ers
Transportstton8
Housing 8
Food
Housefurnish
ings
and
oper
ations
3,365
547
2,409
1,810
599
1,004
1,362
866
323
1,171
550
539
781
1,032
10,330 3,960 3,392
568
2,443
1,856
587
953
1,411
869
331
1,202
572
542
790
1,061
9,802 3,693 3,242
452
2,257
1,605
652
1,230
1,230
851
286
1,032
454
526
742
902
13,623
12,409
10,809 3,999 3,492
10,063 3,932 3,429
507
503
2,771
2,221
2,170
1,621
601
600
1,080
1,038
1,878
938
1,453 1,057
327
303
1,083
964
611
548
556
534
834
776
1,424
1,036
12,949
10,391
4,195 3,597
598
2,410
1,825
585
847
1,459
791
335
1,209
604
544
824
1,190
12,861
12,406
10,080 4,302 3,605
9,888 3,998 3,427
697
571
2,149
2,206
1,610
1,638
539
568
917
982
1,545
1,357
630
806
304
320
1,206
1,037
572
539
534
529
801
760
1,446
1,229
12,420
10,074 3,871
3,411
460
2,212
1,637
575
1,345
1,345
892
266
1,057
431
534
789
1,023
1,080
NORTHEAST
Boston, Mass............
Buffalo, N.Y...............
New YorkNortheastern, N.J..
Philadelphia, Pa.N.J..........................
Pittsburgh, P a ...........
Nonmetropolitan
areas 11.................
NORTH CENTRAL
Chicago, III.*
Northwestern Ind...
Cincinnati, OhioKy.-lnd....................
Cleveland, Ohio........
Detroit, Mich.............
Kansas City, Mo.Kans.......................
Milwaukee, Wis.........
Minneapolis-St.
Paul, Minn.............
St. Louis, Mo. ill.......
Nonmetropolitan
areas 11.................
12,885
10,468 4,058 3,526
532
2,430
1,871
559
991
1,670
797
326
1,253
613
546
791
12,359
12,534
12,582
10,030 4,082 3,542
10,252 3,983 3,334
10,080 3,936 3,370
540
649
566
2,077
2,214
2,177
1,531
1,656
1,666
546
558
511
897
967
967
1,252
1,370
1,320
994
920
830
305
409
339
1,108
1,172
1,272
567
587
559
533
540
534
756 1,040
766
976
772 1,196
12,234
12,685
10,023 3,892 3,333
10,234 3,830 3,280
559
550
2,124
2,430
1,549
1,869
575
561
990
954
1,351
1,308
927
973
391
357
1,138
1,126
561
564
533
539
750
779
928
1,133
12,787
12,436
10,269 4,027 3,455
10,164 4,197 3,664
572
533
2,438
2,197
1,871
1,600
567
597
947
1,006
1,316
1,427
872
820
357
334
1,025
1,041
603
569
540
537
785
761
1,193
974
12,243
9,998 3,726 3,292
434
2,409
1,793
616
1,181
1,181
935
300
981
466
532
750
963
935
830
795
923
336
312
343
364
1,065
1,191
1,262
1,377
559
553
553
534
521
535
526
535
711
785
717
742
758
1,351
648
720
SOUTH
Atlanta, G a................
Baltimore, M d ...........
Dallas, Tex................
Houston, T ex............
Washington, D.C.Md.-Va...................
Nonmetropolitan
areas 11.................
11,622
12,772
11,687
12,100
9,632
10,101
9,796
10,103
3,722
3,644
3,663
3,792
3,179
3,090
3,022
3,150
543
554
641
642
2,084
2,622
2,245
2,200
1,452
1,948
1,663
1,579
632
674
582
621
931
949
935
913
1,270
1,318
1,292
1,284
13,631
10,761
3,962 3,392
570
2,831
2,211
620
969
1,327
787
338
1,252
622
555
839 1.48Q
9,294 3,556 3,110
446
2,024
1,328
696
1,187
1,187
764
285
1,022
456
511
690
11,180
See footnotes at end of table.
3 85
685
Table 150. Annual costa of a lower budget for a 4-person family,1 autumn 1979—Continued
[Amounts in dollars]
Family consumption
Housing 3
Food
Area
WEST
Denver, Colo.............
Los Angeles-Long
Beach, Calif...........
San Diego, Calif.......
San FranciscoOakland, Calif.......
Seattle-Everett,
Wash......................
Honolulu....................
Nonmetropolitan
areas11.................
Anchorage, Alaska....
Total
budg
et *
Total
con
sumption Total
At
home
Away
Renter
from To tal4
costs8
home
. House
furnish
ings
and
oper
ations
-■
12,517
10,218 3,884 3,351
533
2,225
1,592
633
997
13,399
12,974
11,034 3,900 3,290
10,726 3,835 3,182
610
653
2,866
2,670
2,289
2,116
577
554
13,910
11,394 4,058 3,497
561
2,999
2,373
13,914
16,507
11,443 3,952 3,379
12,604 5,039 4,528
573
511
3,177
3,367
13,540
19,694
10,774 3,841 3,358
15,473 5,004 4,415
483
589
2,848
4,849
1,384 1,185
291
1,075
561
539
766
994
1,077
1,017
1,502
1,397
865
887
317
327
1,491
1,443
518
547
563
554
844
820
958
874
626
1,066
1,556
960
378
1,377
556
574
875
1,067
2,498
2,639
679
728
1,025
1,011
1,428 1,034
1,453
936
380
375
1,292
1,249
583
627
575
852 1,044
610 1,074 2,219
2,203
3,790
645
1,059
1,281
1,738
1,281
971
1,738 1,018
292
405
1,086
1,891
455
568
555
696
1 The family consists of an employed husband, age 38, a wife not em
ployed outside the home, an 8-year-old girl, and a 13-year-old boy.
2 Total budget costs include personal income taxes, social security, other
items, and total consumption.
3 Housing includes shelter, housefurnishings, and household operations.
4 All families with lower budgets are assumed to be renters.
5 Renter costs include average contract rent plus the costs of required
amounts of heating fuel, gas, electricity, water, specified equipment, and in
surance on household contents.
6 The average costs of automobile owners and nonowners were weight
ed by the following proportions of families: Boston, Chicago, New York, and
Philadelphia, 50 percent for both automobile owners and nonowners, all
other metropolitan areas, 65 percent for automobile owners, 35 percent for
nonowners; nonmetropolitan areas, 100 percent for automobile owners.
7 In total medical care, the average costs of medical insurance were
weighted by the following proportions: 30 percent for families paying full
cost of insurance; 26 percent for families paying half cost; 44 percent for
families covered by noncontributory insurance plans (paid by employer).
Social
secu Per
rity
sonal
Other
and
Other
in
Per Medi
items 9 dis
family
Auto Cloth
come
sonal cal
ability
consump
mobile ing
taxes
care c a re 7
Total own
tion 8
.pay
ments
ers
Transportation 6
386
831 1,380
1,288 2,237
8 Other family consumption includes the average costs for reading, recre
ation, tobacco products, alcoholic beverages, education, and miscellaneous
expenditures.
9 Other items includes allowances for gifts and contributions, life insur
ance, and occupational expenses.
10 As defined in 1960-61. For a detailed description of these and previ
ous geographical boundaries, see the 1967 edition of Standard Metropolitan
Statistical Areas, prepared by the Office of Management and Budget.
11 Places with population of 2,500 to 50,000.
N o t e : Users should note that the procedures used in updating the bud
gets to 1979 differ from procedures used in 1978. As a result of the revision
of the CPI program in January 1978, individual area price indexes from
autumn 1978 to autumn 1979 were available for only 25 of the 44 family
budget areas. The urban U.S. average includes estimates for the remaining
areas, however, using price data for the appropriate region/population size
classes, which are available from the CPI. Nonmetropoitan areas, which
have always been shown as a class, have been similarly updated;
Table 151. Annual costs of an intermediate budget for a 4-person family,1 autumn 1979
[Amounts in dollars]
Family consumption
i -------
Social
Transporsecu Per
rity
Other
House tation7
sonal
Shelter
Total
in
Per Medi family Other and
furnishCloth sonal cal
items10 dis come
concon
At Away
Auto
ability
Home- ings
ing care care5 sump
sump
taxes
and Total mobile
Total home from Total
pay
Total4 Rent owner®
tion
tion8
own
ments
opera
home
er5
ers
tions
Housing3
Food
Area
Total
budg
e t2
Urban United States.......... 20,517 15,353 5,044 4,223 821 4,594 3,573 2,340 3,983
Metropolitan areas 11.... 20,935 15,619 5,112 4,248 864 4,702 3,700 2,427 4,124
Nonmetropolitan
areas 12....................... 18,651 14,167 4,739 4,111 628 4,110 3,005 1,951 3,356
1,021 1,851 1,949 1,235 433 1,176 1,021
1,002 1,862 1,985 1,242 439 1,207 1,055
877 1,256 3,031
887 1,279 3,150
1,105 1,803 1,803 1,200 406 1,039
871
836 1,150 2,498
1,019 2,140 2,583 1,370 428 1,089 1,128
968 1,019
1,023 2,010 2,010 1,519 400
960 1,404 4,312
896 1,352 3,682
NORTHEAST
Boston, Mass......................
Buffalo, N.Y.........................
New York-Northeastern,
N.J....................................
Philadelphia, Pa.-N.J..........
Pittsburgh, P a ......................
Nonmetropolitan areas 12 ..
24,381 17,705 5,338 4,547 791 6,212 5,193 2,674 6,033
21,806 15,876 5,157 4,384 773 4,803 3,780 2,314 4,268
23,856
21,436
19,890
20,730
17,032
15,622
14,843
15,440
5,576
5,661
5,251
5,028
4,590
4,599
4,399
4,360
986
1,062
852
668
5,823
4,610
4,061
4,936
4,826
3,666
3,076
3,963
2,603
2,037
2,002
2,051
5,567
4,209
3,434
4,600
997
944
985
973
1,710
1,774
1,868
1,939
2,038 1,146 448 1,211 1,118
899 397 1,210 1,071
2,119
1,943 1,172 423 1,043 1,025
856
1,939 1,242 378 1,061
20,564
20,287
20,868
20,821
19,618
21,387
15,605
15,258
15,773
15,469
14,870
15,721
5,114
5,146
5,057
5,005
4,917
4,899
4,320
4,348
4,137
4,160
4,122
4,040
794
798
920
845
795
859
4,619
4,294
4,705
4,716
3,956
4,894
3,655
3,351
3,717
3,804
2,969
3,919
2,498
1,915
2,020
2,233
2,058
2,348
4,041
3,830
4,283
4,327
3,273
4,442
964
943
988
912
987
975
1,928
1,854
1,866
1,799
1,975
1,887
2,311
1,854
1,948
1,872
1,975
1,887
936
887
860
880
1,430
1,324
1,220
1,298
4,458
3,603
2,967
3,112
886
874
892
881
860
890
1,262
1,242
1,281
1,275
1,203
1,312
2,811
2,913
2,922
3,196
2,685
3,464
NORTH CENTRAL
Chicago, lll.-Northwestern
Ind............ .......................
Cincinnati, Ohio-Ky,-lnd.....
Cleveland, Ohio..................
Detroit, Mich.... ...................
Kansas City, Mo.-Kans......
Milwaukee, Wis...................
Minneapolis-St. Paul,
Minn.................................
St. Louis, Mo.-lll.................
Nonmetropolitan areas 12..
21,426 15,249 5,094 4,237 857 4,444 3,474 2,419 3,825
19,963 15,095 5,307 4,479 828 4,117 3,061 1,970 3,425
18,876 14,271 4,717 4,110 607 4,164 3,122 2,239 3,416
1,153
1,430
1,323
1,195
1,329
1,390
426
401
544
452
516
465
1,254
1,116
1,182
1,280
1,144
1,132
1,111
•1.017
1,096
1,022
1,033
1,054
970 1,841 1,841 1,251 470 1,032 1,117
1,056 1,972 2,064 1,184 426 1,047 1,042
892
990
1,042 1,777 1,777 1,303 428
874 1,312 3,991
868 1,224 2,776
839 1,157 2,609
SOUTH
Atlanta, G a..........................
Baltimore, M d .....................
Dallas, Tex..........................
Houston, Tex......................
Washington, D.C.-Md.-Va...
Nonmetropolitan areas 12 ..
1,005
1,022
1,010
976
1,141
866
842
861
845
863
902
812
1,152
1,244
1,122
1,165
1,360
1,076
20,468 15,339 4,864 4,089 775 4,393 3,279 2,037 3,693
1,114 1,923 1,923 1,636 395 1,086 1,042
877
1,257 2,995
19,871 15,118 4,903 3,984 919 4,222 3,238 2,777 3,391
20,088 15,263 4,799 3,843 956 4,440 3,511 2,506 3,846
984 1,948 2,029 1,189 420 1,493
943
929 1,900 1,900 1,215 430 1,456 1,023
869
874
1,243 2,641
1,255 2,696
18,821
20,316
18,301
19,025
22,206
17,454
14,330
14,879
14,426
14,942
16,048
13,495
4,837
4,835
4,750
4,939
5,179
4,622
4.Q18
3,951
3,826
3,996
4,345
4,007
819
884
924
943
834
615
3,786
4,418
3,923
3,972
5,032
3,719
2,740
3,218
2,959
2,943
3,933
2,540
1,807
2,622
2,252
1,991
2,644
1,630
3,051
3,417
3,195
3,260
4,362
2,843
1,046
1,200
964
1,029
1,099
1,179
1,830
1,778
1,875
1,857
1,838
1,760
1,830
1,852
1,875
1,857
1,907
1,760
1,352
1,212
1,147
1,339
1,124
1,098
444
418
452
479
477
401
1,076
1,196
1,269
1,380
1,257
1,029
2,497
3,332
1,908
2,055
3,896
2,071
WEST
Denver, Colo.......................
Los Angeles-Long Beach,
Calif..................................
San Diego, Calif............
San Francisco-Oakland,
Calif..................................
Seattle-Everett, Wash........
Honolulu..............................
Nonmetropolitan areas 12..
Anchorage, Alaska.............
21,478
20,719
25,799
19,348
27,933
16,118
16,113
18,039
14,396
20,629
5,138
5,026
6,339
4,732
6,215
4,262
4,117
5,517
4,085
5,371
876
909
822
647
844
4,743
4,887
5,583
4,155
7,143
3,641
3,761
4,389
3,051
5,338
3,468
3,162
3,321
2,443
4,605
1 The family consists of an employed husband, age 38, a wife not em
ployed outside the home, an 8-year-old girl, and a 13-year-old boy.
2 Total budget costs include personal income taxes, social security, other
items, and total consumption.
3 Housing includes shelter, housefurnishings, and household operations.
4 The average costs of shelter were weighted by the following propor
tions: 25 percent for renters and 75 percent for homeowners.
5 Renter costs include average contract rent plus the costs of required
amounts of heating fuel, gas, electricity, water, specified equipment, and in
surance on household contents.
6 Homeowner costs include interest and principal payments plus taxes;
insurance on house and contents; water, refuse disposal, heating fuel, gas,
electricity, and specified equipment; and home repair and maintenance
costs.
7 The average costs of automobile owners and nonowners were weight
ed by the following proportions of families: Boston, New York, Chicago, and
Philadelphia, 80 percent for owners, 20 percent for nonowners; Baltimore,
Cleveland, Detroit, Los Angeles, Pittsburgh, San Francisco, St. Louis, and
Washington, D.C., with populations of 1.4 million or more in 1960, 95 per
cent for automobile owners and 5 percent for nonowners; all other areas,
100 percent for automobile owners.
3,699
3,960
4,745
3,254
5,582
1,102
1,126
1,194
1,104
1,805
2,002
1,912
1,925
1,784
2,331
2,091
1,912
1,925
1,784
2,331
1,324
1,404
1,290
1,344
1,399
516
510
494
422
606
1,382
1,299
1,254
1,090
1,894
904 1,341 3,115
1,013
904 1,269 2,433
1,075
1,154
971 1,467 5,322
844 1,186 2,922
869
1,041 1,062 1,484 4,758
8 In total medical care, the average costs of medical insurance were
weighted by the following proportions: 30 percent for families paying full
cost of insurance; 26 percent for families paying half cost; 44 percent for
families covered by noncontributory insurance plans (paid by employer).
9 Other family consumption includes the average costs for reading, recre
ation, tobacco products, alcoholic beverages, education, and miscellaneous
expenditures.
10 Other items includes allowances for gifts and contributions, life insur
ance, and occupational expenses.
11 As defined in 1960-61. For a detailed description of these and previ
ous geographical boundaries, see the 1967 edition of Standard Metropolitan
Statistical Areas, prepared by the Office of Management and Budget.
12 Places with population of 2,500 to 50,000.
N o t e : Users should note that the procedures used in updating the bud
gets to 1979 differ from procedures used in 1978. As a result of the revision
of the CPI program in January 1978, individual area price indexes from
autumn 1978 to autumn 1979 were available for only 25 of the 44 family
budget areas. The urban U.S. average includes estimates for the remaining
areas, however, using price data for the appropriate region/population size
classes, which are available from the CPI. Nonmetropoitan areas, which
have always been shown as a class, have been similarly updated.
3 87
Table 152. Annual costs of a higher budget for a 4-person family,1 autumn 1979
[Amounts in dollars]
— ------------------- 1
«
Family consumption
Total
Area
“SV-
Urban United
States............... 30,317
Metropolitan
areas 11..... 31,187
Nonmetro
politan
areas 12..... 26,432
Total
consumption Total
Social
secu
rity
House- Transpor
Per
Other
tation7
furnish
Other and sonal
Per Medi family
ings
Shelter
items 10 dis income
Auto Cloth
con
cal
ability taxes
mobile ing sonal
and
Total
Total own
care ca re8 sump
pay
Rent Home- oper
tion 9
Total4 er 8 owner6
ments
ers
ations
Housing 8
Food
Away
At
from
home
home
21,069 6,360 5,034 1,326
6,971
4,801 3,685
4,997
1,931 2,411 2,411 1,804
613 1,227 1,684
1,478 1,413
6,357
21,572 6,493 5,063 1,430
7,181
5,000 3,958
5,184
1,910 2,458 2,458 1,819
617 1,258 1,745
1,503 1,413
6,699
18,825 5,764 4,905
6,031
3,911 2,467
4,166
2,023 2,200 2,200 1,738
593 1,085 1,413
1,366 1,412
4,829
8,966
7,809
859
NORTHEAST
Boston, Mass.......
Buffalo, N .Y .........
New YorkNortheastern,
N.J.....................
Philadelphia,
Pa.-N.J..............
Pittsburgh, P a ......
Nonmetropolitan
areas 12............
36,891
32,013
24,854 6,651 5,320 1,331
21,296 6,373 5,131 1,242
9,512 7,240 4,156
7,038 4,804 3,175
7,784
5,091
2,001 3,073 3,073 2,037
1,963 2,395 2,395 2,232
598 1,138 1,845
566 1,011 1,681
1,667 1,404
1,489 1,419
37,823
24,073 7,058 5,351 1,707
8,978 6,737 5,419
6,969
1,970 2,576 2,576 1,704
646 1,265 1,846
1,628 1,433 10,689
31,352
29,011
21,580 7,079 5,376 1,703
20,477 6,576 5,174 1,402
7,000 4,876 4,498
6,375 4,203 2,694
4,943
4,469
1,853 2,558 2,558 1,330
1,901 2,365 2,365 1,737
553 1,265 1,795
591 1,087 1,746
1,503 1,415
1,448 1,404
6,854
5,682
28,928
20,216 6,073 5,100
973
6,915 5,007 2,485
5,452
1,811 2,384 2,384 1,795
564 1,105 1,380
1,435 1,431
5,846
29,890
21,446 6,514 5,207 1,307
6,800 4,663 3,856
4,805
1,866 2,736 2,736 1,684
586 1,300 1,826
1,496 1,404
5,544
28,763
30,116
30;668
20,407 6,498 5,253 1,245
21,441 6,435 4,995 1,440
21,346 6,369 5,048 1,321
6,254 4,197 2,426
6,969 4,816 2,834
7,309 5,222 3,772
4,509
5,166
5,478
1,786 2,216 2,216 2,083
1,882 2,324 2,324 1,930
1,816 2,259 2,259 1,750
550 1,163 1,643
756 1,234 1,793
619 1,343 1,697
1,444 1,404
1,496 1,404
1,491 1,404
5,508
5,775
6,427
29,128
30,929
20,634 6,416 4,985 1,431
21,226 6,330 4,927 1,403
6,199 4,041 2,964
7,040 4,926 3,163
4,231
5,237
1,887 2,472 2,472 1,940
1,843 2,284 2,284 2,034
724 1,185 1,698
645 1,173 1,720
1,456 1,404
1,485 1,404
5,634
6,814
31,707
29,008
20,823 6,584 5,104 1,480
20,597 6,789 5,395 1,394
6,621 4,474 3,533
6,107 3,817 2,664
4,640
4,020
1,876 2,238 2,238 1,820
2,019 2,572 2,572 1,747
651 1,077 1,832
573 1,089 1,720
1,465 1,404
1,454 1,404
8,015
5,553
26,915
19,092 5,816 4,985
831
6,134 4,082 2,698
4,326
1,955 2,121 2,121 1,928
629 1,034 1,430
1,379 1,404
5,040
27,673
30,110
27,004
27,686
19,594
20,566
20,113
20,576
4,794
4,737
4,570
4,786
1,364
1,528
1,530
1,569
2,594
3,427
4,443
2,917
3,820
4,382
4,210
4,210
1,861
2,196
1,780
1,860
1,404
1,452
1,430
1,453
1,404
1,404
1,404
1,404
5,271
6,688
4,057
4,253
32,636
21,949 6,524 5,206 1,318
7,472 5,187 3,820
5,428
2,014 2,401 2,401 1,677
707 1,307 1,861
1,521 1,404
7,762
24,857
18,010 5,614 4,770
5,571
3,606
2,084 2,173 2,173 1,600
578 1,077 1,397
1,325 1,410
4,112
NORTH
CENTRAL
Chicago, III.Northwestern
Ind.....................
Cincinnati, OhioKy,-lnd..............
Cleveland, Ohio....
Detroit, Mich........
Kansas City,
Mo.-Kans..........
Milwaukee, Wis....
Minneapolis-St.
Paul, Minn........
St. Louis, Mo.-lll...
Nonmetropolitan
areas 12............
SOUTH
Atlanta, G a...........
Baltimore, M d ......
Dallas, Tex...........
Houston, T e x.......
Washington,
D.C.-Md.-Va......
Nonmetropolitan
areas 12............
6,158
6,265
6,100
6,355
844
5,768
6,706
6,296
6,147
3,636
4,239
4,245
4,016
3,390 2,166
See footnotes at end of table.
388
2,305
2,245
2,379
2,347
2,305
2,245
2,379
2,347
2,009
1,803
1,711
1,993
623
603
637
672
1,120
1,246
1,316
1,440
1,611
1,698
1,674
1,622
Table 152. Annual costs of a higher budget for a 4-person family,1 autumn 1979—Continued
[Amounts in dollars]
Family consumption
Area
Total
bud£-
Housing 3
Food
Total
consumption Total
At Away
from
home
home
Housefurnish
ings
and
Total
Rent Home- oper
Total4
er 5 owner8 ations
Shelter
Social
secu
Transpor
Per
rity
Other Other
tation7
and sonal
Per Medi family items 10 dis income
Auto Cloth sonal cal
con
ability taxes
mobile ing care c a re 8 sump
Total own
pay
tion 9
ments
ers
WEST
Denver, Colo........
Los AngelesLong Beach,
Calif...................
San Diego, Calif...
San FranciscoOakland, Calif...
Seattle-Everett,
Wash.................
Honolulu...............
Nonmetropolitan
areas 12............
Anchorage,
Alaska...............
29,976
21,034 6,296 4,934 1,362
6,629 4,366 3,745
4,475
1,992 2,359 2,359 2,299
567 1,130 1,754
1,476 1,404
6,062
30,083
30,113
21,077 6,442 4,826 1,616
21,106 6,176 4,627 1,549
6,631 4,514 4,789
7,093 5,082 4,504
4,465
5,184
1,846 2,566 2,566 1,701
1,740 2,289 2,289 1,718
596 1,562 1,579
595 1,523 1,712
1,478 1,427
1,479 1,427
6,101
6,101
31,710
22,004 6,638 5,143 1,495
7,039 4,650 4,773
4,628
2,118 2,577 2,577 1,877
735 1,449 1,689
1,524 1,427
6,755
29,583
39,689
21,838 6,388 4,978 1,410
25,201 8,103 6,642 1,461
7,324 4,981 4,541
8,774 6,363 4,857
5,059
6,629
2,072 2,312 2,312 1,977
2,140 2,561 2,561 1,812
706 1,347 1,784
699 1,307 1,945
1,516 1,404 4,825
1,684 1,467 11,337
27,325
19,081 5,717 4,937
6,123 3,856 3,072
3,994
2,170 2,138 2,138 1,857
626 1,137 1,483
1,378 1,404
40,785
27,311 7,658 6,495 1,163 10,351
7,081
3,365 2,754 2,754 1,915
930 1,960 1,743
1,790 1,484 10,200
780
6,889 5,803
1 The family consists of an employed husband, age 38, a wife not em
ployed outside the home, an 8-year-old girl, and a 13-year-old boy.
2 Total budget costs include personal income taxes, social security, other
items, and total consumption.
3 Housing includes shelter, housefurnishings, household operations, and
allowance for lodging away from home city.
4 The average costs of shelter were weighted by the following propor
tions: 15 percent for renters and 85 percent for homeowners.
5 Renter costs include average contract rent plus the costs of required
amounts of heating fuel, gas, electricity, water, specified equipment, and in
surance on household contents.
6 Homeowner costs include interest and principal payments plus taxes;
insurance on house and contents; water, refuse disposal, heating fuel, gas,
electricity, and specified equipment; and home repair and maintenance
costs.
7 All families were assumed to be automobile owners.
8 In total medical care, the average costs of medical insurance were
weighted by the following proportions: 30 percent for families paying full
cost of insurance; 26 percent for families paying half cost; 44 percent for
389
5,462
families covered by noncontributory insurance plans (paid by employer).
9 Other family consumption includes the average costs for reading, recre
ation, tobacco products, alcoholic beverages, education, and miscellaneous
expenditures.
10 Other items includes allowances for gifts and contributions, life insur
ance, and occupational expenses.
11 As defined in 1960-61. For a detailed description of these and previ
ous geographical boundaries, see the 1967 edition of Standard Metropolitan
Statistical Areas, prepared by the Office of Management and Budget.
12 Places with population of 2,500 to 50,000.
N o t e : Users should note that the procedures used in updating the bud
gets to 1979 differ from procedures used in 1978. As a result of the revision
of the CPI program in January 1978, individual area price indexes from
autumn 1978 to autumn 1979 were available for only 25 of the 44 family
budget areas. The urban U.S. average includes estimates for the remaining
areas, however, using price data for the appropriate region/population size
classes, which are available from the CPI. Nonmetropoitan areas, which
have always been shown as a class, have been similarly updated.
Table 153. Indexes of comparative costs based on a lower budget for a 4-person family,1 autumn
1979
[U.S. urban average cost =100]
Cost of family consumption
Area
Urban United States.............................
Metropolitan areas 7 .....................
Nonmetropolitan areas 8 ..............
Total
budg
et
Transporta
tion 4
Housing
Food
Cloth
ing
Per
sonal
care
Medi
cal
care 5
Other
family
consump
tion 6
Per
sonal
in
come
taxes
Total
con
sumption
Total
At
home
Total 2
Rent
er 3
Total
Auto
mobile
own
ers
100
101
95
100
101
96
100
101
94
100
101
96
100
101
94
100
103
89
100
95
123
100
104
90
100
100
98
100
102
89
100
103
88
100
104
83
100
103
87
108
99
103
102
99
99
106
98
102
98
97
98
102
101
107
110
102
99
104
102
107
107
102
101
115
92
100
89
92
92
120
90
101
89
90
90
108
103
84
91
98
134
138
107
107
113
100
99
108
122
91
73
93
103
101
94
104
94
99
82
92
82
103
103
89
90
111
100
110
104
98
78
138
100
115
140
119
99
102
98
100
100
97
101
102
99
97
102
98
100
98
98
100
100
99
98
104
104
102
101
100
98
103
107
95
105
105
99
100
99
97
103
109
98
101
86
92
90
88
101
101
91
100
103
85
91
92
86
103
103
88
99
99
89
96
96
99
95
94
100
118
123
92
101
97
99
96
97
105
87
92
115
106
96
107
112
101
95
108
101
94
127
105
121
111
111
103
107
95
100
109
97
96
88
89
84
111
103
107
102
102
103
110
103
85
105
101
95
116
90
110
116
94
93
92
101
93
96
108
89
94
99
96
99
105
91
95
93
94
97
101
91
94
92
90
94
101
92
87
109
93
91
118
84
80
108
92
87
122
73
93
95
93
91
97
118
93
97
95
94
97
87
108
96
92
107
91
88
104
97
106
113
105
88
91
102
108
118
107
87
102
101
101
97
113
83
73
131
63
70
143
66
99
106
103
111
111
131
108
156
100
108
105
111
112
123
105
151
99
100
98
104
101
129
98
128
100
98
95
104
100
135
100
131
92
119
111
124
132
140
118
201
88
126
117
131
138
146
122
209
99
107
101
106
102
101
128
173
102
110
103
114
105
107
94
128
137
100
102
111
119
108
112
118
90
98
101
117
118
116
90
125
92
127
123
118
110
107
93
161
102
94
99
101
106
411,
83
103
96
93
85
103
101
215
NORTHEAST
Boston, Mass..........................................
Buffalo, N .Y ............................................
New York-Northeastern, N .J ...............
Philadelphia, Pa.-N.J.............................
Pittsburgh, P a .........................................
Nonmetropolitan areas 8......................
NORTH CENTRAL
Chicago, lll.-Northwestern Ind.............
Cincinnati, Ohio-Ky.-Ind........................
Cleveland, Ohio......................................
Detroit, Mich...........................................
Kansas City, Mo.-Kans.........................
Milwaukee, W is.....................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul, Minn..................
St. Louis, Mo.-lll....................................
Nonmetropolitan areas 8......................
93
SOUTH
Atlanta, Ga..............................................
Baltimore, M d ........................................
Dallas, Tex..............................................
Houston, T ex..........................................
Washington, D.C.-Md-Va......................
Nonmetropolitan areas 8......................
WEST
Denver, Colo...........................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif...........
San Diego, Calif....................................
San Francisco-Oakland, Calif..............
Seattle-Everett, Wash...........................
Honolulu..................................................
Nonmetropolitan areas 8......................
Anchorage, Alaska................................
1 The family consists of an employed husband, age 38, a wife not em
ployed outside the home, an 8-year-old girl, and a 13-year-old boy.
2 Housing includes shelter, housefurnishings, and household operations.
3 Renter costs include average contract rent plus the cost of required
amounts of heating fuel, gas, electricity, water, specified equipment, and in
surance on household contents.
4 The average costs of automobile owners and nonowners were weighted
by the following proportions of families: Boston, Chicago, New York and
Philadelphia, 50 percent for both automobile owners and nonowners; all
other metropolitan areas, 65 percent for automobile owners, 35 percent for
nonowners; nonmetropolitan areas, 100 percent for automobile owners.
5 In total medical care, the average costs of medical insurance were
weighted by the following proportions: 30 percent for families paying full
cost of insurance, 26 percent for families paying half cost; 44 percent for
families covered by noncontributory insurance plans (paid by employer).
217
6 Other family consumption includes average costs for reading, recrea
tion, tobacco products, alcoholic beverages, education, and miscellaneous
expenditures.
7 As defined in 1960-61. For a detailed description of these and previous
geographical boundaries, see the 1967 edition of Standard Metropolitan
Statistical Areas, prepared by the Office of Management and Budget.
8 Places with population of 2,500 to 50,000.
N o t e : Users should note that the procedures used in updating the bud
gets to 1979 differ from procedures used in 1978. As a result of the revision
of the CPI program in January 1978, individual area price indexes from
autumn 1978 to autumn 1979 were available for only 25 of the 44 family
budget areas. The urban U.S. average includes estimates for the remaining
areas, however, using price data for the appropriate region/population size
classes, which are available from the CPI. Nonmetropoitan areas, which
have always been shown as a class, have been similarly updated.
390
Table 154. Indexes of comparative costs based on an intermediate budget for a 4-person family,1
autumn 1979
[U.S. urban average c o s t= 1 0 0 ]
Cost of family consumption
Area
Urban United S tates............
Metropolitan areas 8 ........
Nonmetropolitan areas 9 ...
Total
budg
et
Transporta
tion 5
Housing
Food
Total
con
sumption
Total
At
home
Total 2
1 00
1 02
1 00
1 02
1 00
101
100
101
1 00
1 02
91
92
94
97
119
106
115
103
106
1 02
116
104
97
111
1 02
111
1 12
97
104
101
101
1 00
1 00
1 02
99
99
103
101
1 02
1 00
Rent
er 3
Homeowner 4
Cloth
ing
Per
sonal
care
Medi
cal
care 6
Other
family
consump
tion 7
Per
sonal
in
come
taxes
Total
Auto
mobile
own
ers
1 00
101
1 00
1 02
1 00
101
1 00
101
1 00
1 00
100
103
97
93
97
94
88
103
85
104
82
99
92
93
82
1 10
1 00
121
103
92
98
87
103
103
89
90
1 10
98
93
126
104
119
107
109
98
99
107
95
101
107
109
97
96
1 00
101
103
97
104
91
98
82
1 02
1 00
1 10
108
117
107
99
96
63
111
110
1 12
129
93
88
85
68
1 00
1 00
89
104
83
104
84
108
104
135
105
114
99
151
107
116
109
133
103
111
109
109
104
103
127
111
100
88
87
140
106
92
96
105
109
86
88
86
101
1 00
93
73
95
115
105
99
101
1 02
101
101
104
93
96
108
109
82
1 00
101
119
95
99
97
97
103
98
99
98
96
97
107
112
1 02
93
116
107
97
108
113
99
98
93
101
1 00
96
105
94
106
97
99
107
96
92
99
89
93
108
85
93
97
94
97
105
88
96
96
94
98
103
92
95
94
91
95
103
95
1 00
1 00
96
97
98
98
99
105
105
105
117
94
134
N O R TH EAST
Boston, M ass.......................
Buffalo, N .Y ..........................
New
York-Northeastern,
N .J....................................
Philadelphia, Pa.-N .J............
Pittsburgh, P a ......................
Nonmetropolitan areas 9 ......
107
123
105
1 00
84
142
147
119
98
103
NORTH C E N T R A L
Chicago, lll.-Northwestern
Ind....................................
Cincinnati, Ohio-Ky.-Ind.......
Cleveland, O hio....................
Detroit, M ic h ........................
Kansas City, M o.-Kans........
Milwaukee, W is....................
Minneapolis-St. Paul, M in n ...
St. Louis, M o .-lll...................
Nonmetropolitan areas 9 ......
1 02
101
96
104
104
97
92
101
97
102
107
82
1 02
86
103
95
86
88
100
107
97
90
91
103
84
96
86
86
1 00
96
101
97
94
106
91
101
96
106
88
89
84
109
1 02
93
96
96
105
89
114
132
92
87
86
1 00
103
109
SOUTH
Atlanta, G a ...........................
Baltimore, M d ......................
Dallas, T e x ...........................
Houston, T e x .......................
Washington, D.C.-Md.-Va.....
Nonmetropolitan areas 9 ......
77
77
1 12
86
99
96
71
99
95
94
95
96
95
98
90
109
98
93
108
91
89
80
82
101
1 00
1 10
81
96
85
113
70
97
96
87
93
104
99
132
91
92
1 02
99
97
95
94
91
92
97
119
107
85
97
105
103
104
97
96
98
97
99
127
124
92
1 00
87
89
1 02
1 00
101
103
106
148
135
142
104
197
93
99
119
82
140
108
103
104
96
126
107
98
99
92
107
114
104
109
113
119
118
114
97
140
82
96
85
86
1 10
68
W EST
Denver, C o lo ........................
Los Angeles-Long Beach,
C a lif..................................
San Diego, C a lif...................
San
Francisco-Oakland,
C alif..................................
Seattle-Everett, W ash..........
Honolulu...............................
Nonmetropolitan areas 9 ......
Anchorage, A laska...............
101
126
94
136
126
94
123
97
131
97
127
1 22
90
155
1 The family consists of an employed husband, age 38, a wife not em
ployed outside the home, an 8 -year-old girl, and a 13-year-old boy.
2 Housing includes shelter, housefurnishings, and household operations.
3 Renter costs include average contract rent plus the cost of required
amounts of heating fuel, gas, electricity, water, specified equipment, and in
surance on household contents.
4 Homeowner costs include interest and principal payments plus taxes;
insurance on house and contents; water, refuse disposal, heating fuel, gas,
electricity, and specified equipment; and home repairs and maintenance
costs.
5 The average costs of automobile owners and nonowners were weighted
by the following proportions of families: Boston, New York, Chicago, and
Philadelphia, 80 percent for owners, 20 percent for nonowners; Baltimore,
Cleveland, Detroit, Los Angeles, Pittsburgh, San Francisco, St. Louis, and
Washington, D.C., with populations of 1.4 million or more in 1960, 95 per
cent for automobile owners and 5 percent for nonowners; all other areas,
1 00 percent for automobile owners.
6 In total medical care, the average costs of medical insurance were
1 20
118
1 10
107
93
161
99
105
113
85
1 02
103
80
176
96
157
weighted by the following proportions: 30 percent for families paying full
cost of insurance, 26 percent for families paying half cost; 44 percent for
families covered by noncontributory insurance plans (paid by employer).
7 Other family consumption includes average costs for reading, recrea
tion, tobacco products, alcoholic beverages, education, and miscellaneous
expenditures.
8 A s defined in 1960-61. For a detailed description of these and previous
geographical boundaries, see the 1967 edition of S ta n d a rd M e tro p o lita n
S ta tis tic a l A re a s , prepared by the Office of Management and Budget.
9 Places with population of 2,500 to 50,000.
Note : Users should note that the procedures used in updating the bud
gets to 1979 differ from procedures used in 1978. A s a result of the revision
of the CPI program in January 1978, individual area price indexes from
autumn 1978 to autumn 1979 were available for only 25 of the 44 family
budget areas. The urban U.S. average includes estimates for the remaining
areas, however, using price data for the appropriate region/population size
classes which are available from the CPI. Nonmetropoitan areas, which
have always been shown as a class, have been similarly updated.
391
Table 155. Indexes of comparative costs based on a higher budget for a 4-person fam ily,1 autumn
1979
[U.S. urban average cost =100]
Cost of family consumption
Area
Urban United States...........................
Metropolitan a re a s 8 ....................
Nonmetropolitan areas 9 .............
Total
budg
et
Total
con
sumption
Housing
Food .
Total 8
Rent
e r3
Homeowner 4
1 00
1 00
1 00
97
103
87
107
67
104
83
105
106
136
113
156
1 02
101
86
1 02
147
1 00
1 22
97
96
103
95
106
107
103
129
1 02
1 00
111
111
91
99
73
67
139
99
89
109
1 02
98
90
105
Total
At
home
100
1 02
100
101
89
91
1 22
118
106
125
103
96
95
101
99
95
99
1 00
103
87
100
1021
Transpor Cloth Per
sonal
tation 5
ing
care
Medi
cal
care 6
Other
family
consump
tion 7
Per
sonal
in
come
taxes
1 00
1 02
1 00
101
1 00
101
1 00
1 00
1 00
103
91
96
97
88
104
84
105
76
127
99
107
106
98
99
113
124
94
74
96
98
92
105
90
96
92
93
82
103
103
89
90
1 10
1 00
110
107
104
82
141
123
168
108
89
92
113
92
96
94
103
95
93
107
93
115
107
97
108
113
96
90
123
106
95
101
108
98
106
87
87
91
101
109
97
96
101
101
1 02
101
88
109
89
84
1 02
N O R TH EA ST
Boston, M a s s .....................................
Buffalo, N .Y ........................................
New York-Northeastern, N .J ..............
Philadelphia, Pa.-N .J..........................
Pittsburgh, P a .....................................
Nonmetropolitan areas 9 ....................
114
101
1 00
NORTH C E N T R A L
Chicago, lll.-Northwesterh Ind............
Cincinnati, O hio-Ky,-lnd.....................
Cleveland, O h io .................................
Detroit, M ich.......................................
Kansas City, M o .-K ans......................
Milwaukee, W is ..................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul. M inn.................
St. Louis, M o.-lll.................................
Nonmetropolitan a re a s 9 ....................
101
1 02
101
96
98
102
101
1 02
1 02
101
100
101
1 00
105
96
89
99
98
91
104
107
91
91
99
89
91
108
82
93
98
95
98
104
85
97
99
96
99
99
99
105
98
131
90
135
1 00
1 00
1 00
97
100
77
96
90
103
105
89
1 02
1 10
80
101
86
101
95
107
99
88
88
96
72
73
85
105
93
80
87
95
94
91
95
103
95
83
96
90
70
93
88
103
104
99
100
99
98
66
88
101
97
107
118
105
106
93
103
85
89
107
126
87
79
SOUTH
Atlanta, G a ........ ................ ...............
Baltimore, M d .....................................
Dallas, T e x .........................................
Houston, T ex......................................
Washington, D.C.-Md.-Va...................
Nonmetropolitan areas 9 ....................
100
103
88
88
107
80
121
79
104
59
76
84
84
109
72
1 02
91
96
102
101
95
98
104
110
1 10
107
117
107
99
96
83
105
64
67
111
1 22
88
83
65
92
127
124
118
104
94
95
96
96
106
76
178
96
93
99
97
111
100
1 00
93
89
115
94
127
94
95
104
92
97
97
1 20
1 10
100
115
114
103
106
1 02
90
W EST
Denver, C o lo ......................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach, C a lif.........
San Diego, C alif.................................
San Francisco-Oakland, C a lif............
Seattle-Everett, W a sh ........................
Honolulu.............................................
Nonmetropolitan a re a s 9 ...................
Anchorage, A la s k a .............................
104
104
1 20
91
130
99
101
97
104
1 00
127
90
1 20
98
96
92
95
95
1 02
101
1 02
99
132
98
129
102
1 22
105
126
88
148
1 The family consists of an employed husband, age 38, a wife not em
ployed outside the home, an 8 -year-old girl, and a 13-year-old boy.
2 Housing includes shelter, housefurnishings, household operations, and
an allowance for lodging away from home city.
3 Renter costs include average contract rent plus the cost of required
amounts of heating fuel, gas, electricity, water, specified equipment, and in
surance on household contents.
4 Homeowner costs include interest and principal payments plus taxes;
insurance on house and contents; water, refuse disposal, heating fuel, gas,
electricity, and specified equipment; and home repairs and maintenance
costs.
5 All families were assumed to be automobile owners.
6 In total medical care, the average costs of medical insurance were
weighted by the following proportions: 30 percent for families paying full
cost of insurance, 26 percent for families paying half cost; 44 percent for
families covered by noncontributory insurance plans (paid by employer).
392
130
130
123
132
83
157
90
89
104
93
101
133
80
142
98
106
95
107
96
106
89
114
152
1 10
107
93
160
1 02
1 00
106
115
88
86
104
160
7 Other family consumption includes average costs for reading, recrea
tion, tobacco products, alcoholic beverages, education, and miscellaneous
expenditures.
8 A s defined in 1960-61. For a detailed description of these and previous
geographical boundaries, see the 1967 edition of S ta n d a rd M e tro p o lita n
S ta tis tic a l A re a s , prepared by the Office of Management and Budget.
9 Places with population of 2,500 to 50,000.
Note : Users should note that the procedures used in updating the bud
gets to 1979 differ from procedures used in 1978. A s a result of the revision
of the CPI program in January 1978, individual area price indexes from
autumn 1978 to autumn 1979 were available for only 25 of the 44 family
budget areas. The urban U.S. average includes estimates for the remaining
areas, however, using price data for the appropriate region/population size
classes which are available from the CPI. Nonmetropolitan areas, which
have always been shown as a class, have been similarly updated.
Table 156. Annual costa of a lower budget for a retired co u p le,1 autumn 1978
[Amounts in dollars]
Family consumption
H ou sing 8
Food
Total
Area
Total
■ X*
con
sumption Total
Shelter
Away
At
from
home
home
HousefurTotal
Home- nishings
Renter
and
owner
T o ta l 4
c o s ts 8
c o s ts 8 operations
Trans
portatio n 7
Cloth
ing
Per
sonal
care
Other
Other
Medi
family
items 8
cal
consump
care
tion 8
5,276
1,725
1,594
131
1,831
1,370
1,284
1,428
461
360
220
156
765
220
237
5,375
1,739
1,610
129
1,928
1,457
1,371
1,515
471
324
222
155
770
237
242
4,982
1,685
1,548
137
1,542
1 ,1 1 0
1,025
1,167
432
466
212
162
747
168
224
6,038
5,886
6,116
5,430
5,778
5,633
5,853
5,196
1,806 1,676
1,731 1,609
1,805 1,669
1,738 1,630
130 2,524
2,070
136 2,162
108 1,774
2,037
1,594
1,693
1,328
1,568
1,278
1,605
1,128
2,349
1,804
1,752
1,461
487
476
469
446
77
468
461
411
228
263
230
227
143
146
197
130
*41
719
743
718
259
236
255
196
260
253
263
234
6,098
5,423
5,544
5,819
5,835
5,189
5,305
5,568
1,897
1,891
1,760
1,734
1,740
1,742
1,622
1,620
157 2,472
149 1,906
138 1,789
114 2 ,0 2 0
2,004
1,466
1,337
1,532
1,466
1,243
1,213
1,440
2,362
1,614
1,420
1,594
468
440
452
488
80
79
443
435
202
184
193
271
159
147
145
128
775
750
742
736
250
232
233
244
263
234
239
251
5,665
5,421
1,789
1,630
159
1,834
1,455
1,386
1,501
379
508
225
149
747
169
244
5,432
5,198
1,593
1,469
124
1,824
1,361
1,351
1,367
463
385
255
154
758
229
234
5,630
5,388
1,712
1,610
1 02
1,862
1,377
1,417
1,351
485
399
272
164
759
220
242
5,273
5,046
1,792
1,680
1 12
1,787
1,335
1,442
1,264
452
80
211
156
775
245
227
5,441
5,745
5,468
5,577
5,345
5,512
5,207
5,498
5,233
5,337
5,115
5,275
1,804 1,692
1,761 1,619
1,723 1,611
1,715 1,591
1,590 1,491
1,664 1,559
112
1,639
1,909
1,744
1,783
1,733
1,792
1,213
1,468
1,252
1,373
1,204
1,332
1,062
1,313
1,215
1,349
1,236
1,266
1,313
1,571
1,277
1,389
1,183
1,376
426
441
492
410
529
460
394
419
395
434
392
440
235
241
230
231
241
238
133
185
134
157
158
144
759
738
761
773
766
756
243
245
246
244
235
241
234
247
235
240
230
237
5,563
5,619
5,323
5,377
1,783
1,645
1,661
1,528
1,692
1,904
1,224 1 ,1 1 2
1,451 -1,411
1,299
1,478
468
453
432
424
236
253
166
158
783
753
231
240
240
242
5,634
5,458
5,483
5,391
5,223
5,247
1,701
1,825
126
119
1 10
1,912
1,634
1,760
1,465
1,168
1,267
1,455
1,089
1,313
1,471
1 ,6 8 8
1,575
1,706
1,578
1,236
447
466
493
416
446
413
223
203
242
162
146
153
731
736
761
246
233
230
243
235
236
5,337
5,107
1,721
1,588
133
1,626
1,221
1,185
1,245
405
443
238
172
737
170
230
4,972
5,140
5,401
4,999
5,170
5,382
5,319
5,184
5,232
4,758
4,919
5,168
4,784
4,947
5,150
5,090
4,961
5,007
1,641
1,521
1,617
1,703
1,565
1,589
1,615
1,576
1,505
1,523
1,403
1,491
1,585
1,445
1,489
1,474
1,471
1,394
118
118
126
118
876
1,131
1,259
800
1,126
1,291
1,146
1,126
1,242
979
1,140
1,365
852
1,142
1,134
1,036
1,097
1,506
807
1,125
1,189
766
1,115
1,396
1,219
1,146
1,066
485
491
516
474
460
494
493
496
491
391
414
422
424
433
404
422
404
414
218
231
761
766
760
753
789
785
804
751
765
238
214
221
221
148
143
156
163
151
152
165
134
135
222
111
1,361
1,622
1,775
1,274
1,586
1,785
1,639
1,622
1,733
226
233
226
224
227
223
234
233
215
223
232
229
223
225
5,967
5,710
1,722
1,594
128
2,116
1,633
1,683
1,600
483
445
203
179
794
251
257
4,973
4,759
1,630
1,497
133
1,402
937
801
1,028
465
468
190
155
750
164
214
Urban United S ta te s .... 5,514
Metropolitan
a r e a s 10 ................ 5,617
Nonmetropolitan
a r e a s 11 ................ 5,206
N O R TH EA ST
Boston, M a s s ..............
Buffalo, N .Y .................
Hartford, C o n n ............
Lancaster, P a ..............
New YorkNortheastern, N .J ....
Philadelphia, Pa.-N.J....
Pittsburgh, P a ..............
Portland, Maine...........
Nonmetropolitan
areas 11 ...................
122
NORTH C E N T R A L
Cedar Rapids, Iowa.....
Champaign-Urbana,
III..............................
Chicago, III.Northwestern Ind.....
Cincinnati, Ohio-Ky,Ind...........................
Cleveland, O h io ..........
Dayton, O h io ...............
Detroit, M ich................
Green Bay, W is ..........
Indianapolis, In d .........
Kansas City, Mo.K a n s ........................
Milwaukee, W is...........
Minneapolis-St. Paul,
M in n .....................
St. Louis, Mo.-lll..........
Wichita, K a n s.............
Nonmetropolitan
areas 11 ....................
142
1 12
124
99
105
1 22
117
1 ,2 2 0
SOUTH
Atlanta, G a ..................
Austin, T e x ..................
Baltimore, M d..............
Baton Rouge, L a ........
Dallas, T e x ..................
Durham, N .C ...............
Houston, T e x ..............
Nashville, T en n...........
Orlando, F la ................
Washington, D.C.Md.-Va.....................
Nonmetropolitan
areas 11...................
120
1 00
141
105
See footnotes at end of table.
393
212
234
197
211
218
251
Table 156. Annual coats of a lower budget for a retired co u p le ,1 autumn 1978— Continued
[Amounts in dollars]
Family consumption
H ou sing 3
Food
Area
Total
budjj-
Total
con
sumption Total
Shelter
Away
At
from Total
home
home
T o tal 4
HomeRenter
owner
c o s ts 8
c o s ts 6
Housefur
nishings
and
operations
Other
Other
Trans Cloth Per Medi
family
items 9
portaing sonal cal consump
care care
tio n 7
tion 8
W EST
Bakersfield, Calif...................
Denver, C o lo .........................
Los Angeles-Long
Beach, C alif.......................
San Diego, Calif....................
San FranciscoOakland, Calif....................
Seattle-Everett, W ash...........
H onolulu...............................
Nonmetropolitan
areas 11.............................
Anchorage, A la sk a ...............
5,222
5,488 .
4,997 1,663 1,553
5,252 1,749 1,628
1 10 1,510
121 1,674
1,037
1,169
1,145
1,038
965
1,256
473
505
453
428
186
280
139
139
837
752
209
230
22 5
236
5,443
5,294
5,209 1,694 1,558
5,066 1,613 1,475
136 1,625
138 1,614
1,175
1,175
1,623
1,440
876
998
450
439
493
463
208
148
145
826
801
215
210
220
234
228
5,884
6,089
6,357
5,631 1,764 1,642
5,827 1,756 1,623
6,083 2,198 2,068
1 2 2 1,858
1,362
1,620
1,359
1,625
1,643
1,835
1,186
1,604
1,042
496
526
568
506
467
537
242
246
223
186
177
169
829
792
778
246
243
251
253
262
274
5,387
8,178
5,155 1,715 1,577
7,826 2,279 2,084
138 1,619 1,205
195 3,140 2,451
1,189
2,902
1,216
2,150
414
689
479
685
227
287
175
250
762
970
178
215
232
352
133 2,146
130 1,927
1 The family consists of a retired husband and wife, age 65 years or
over.
2 Total budget costs do not include personal income taxes.
3 Housing includes shelter, housefurnishings, and household operations.
4 The average costs of shelter were weighted by the following propor
tions: 40 percent for renters and 60 percent for homeowners.
6
Renter costs include average contract rent plus the cost of required
amounts of heating fuel, gas, electricity, water, specified equipment, and in
surance on household contents.
6 Homeowner costs include property taxes, insurance on house and con
tents, water, refuse disposal, heating fuel, gas, electricity, specified equip
ment, and home repair and maintenance costs.
7 The average costs of automobile owners and nonowners were weight
ed by the following proportions of families: Boston, Chicago, New York, and
394
Phiiadelphia, 1 0 0 percent for nonowners of automobiles; all other metropoli
tan areas, 45 percent for owners, 55 percent for nonowners; nonmetropoli
tan areas, 55 percent for owners, 45 percent for nonowners.
8 Includes average costs for reading, recreation, tobacco products, alco
holic beverages, and miscellaneous expenditures.
9 Includes allowances for gifts and contributions.
10 A s defined in 1960-61. For a detailed description of current and previ
ous geographical boundaries, see the 1967 edition of S ta n d a rd M e tro p o lita n
prepared by the Office of Management and Budget.
S ta tis tic a l A re a s ,
11 Places with population of 2,500 to 50,000.
Note : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals.
Table 157. Annual costs of an intermediate budget for a retired couple,1 autumn 1978
[Amounts in dollars]
Family consumption
Housing
Food
Area
Total
budg-
3
Shelter
Total
consump
tion
Total
House
fur
Away
nish
At
Home ings
from Total
Renter
home
owner
home
Total 4
and
costs 5
c o s ts 8 opera
tions
Medi
cal
care
Other
family
con
sump
tion 8
Other
items 9
748
701
708
680
369
375
350
229
224
242
769
774
753
366
394
282
472
488
425
255 3,734 2,658 2,198 2,906
245 2,993 1,957 1,830 2,025
288 3,074 1,99 t 2,082 1,942
2 1 0 2,549 1,605 1,522 1,649
335 3,642 2,549 2,114 2,783
312 2,853 1,878 1,786 1,928
274 2,635 1,660 1,529 1,731
2 1 2 2,842 1,834 1,838 1,832
229 2,567 1,876 1,722 1,959
1,076
1,036
1,083
944
1,093
975
975
1,008
691
729
817
814
752
516
615
778
778
742
388
445
385
380
347
308
339
453
378
206
208
286
192
234
209
207
187
230
746
723
746
719
777
758
750
745
753
426
392
424
350
408
386
387
390
280
557
507
525
466
545
492
479
500
468
234
973
1,031
978
914
968
992
954
1,087
957
989
740
748
648
707
754
721
766
723
772
763
767
735
785
752
661
435
467
359
413
401
390
397
400
404
408
435
373
350
407
389
226
241
761
765
777
761
744
765
777
767
758
784
759
735
741
764
744
383
400
401
397
410
408
401
398
406
391
400
412
377
397
286
466
493
467
463
491
458
479
459
471
472
487
476
467
468
435
1,211
918
932
980
983
980
970
1,091
779
700
745
750
743
771
725
740
731
744
796
680
375
391
372
395
335
356
370
427
379
343
309
217
237
199
198
271
230
764
772
766
756
797
791
807
756
769
799
755
396
373
381
378
375
375
364
380
392
420
277
431
444
464
429
447
454
458
446
437
507
407
1,185
1,381
988
1,075
783
743
307
453
205
207
838
758
364
383
444
465
2,044 1,055
1,846 1,168
2,114 1,360
2,141 1,796
2,536 1,293
1,447 1,388
3,594 2,569
988
925
1,108
820
785
861
773
887
665
929
338
346
395
400
370
392
497
216
209
271
254
247
270
400
830
810
832
795
784
767
972
363
373
403
402
418
294
354
459
447
500
511
541
431
658
7,846
8,108
7,063
7,374 2,299 2,052
7,620 2,328 2,066
6,638 2 ,2 1 0 2,009
247
262
2,641
2,815
1,021
202
2,121
1,689
1,782
1,407
9,257
8,435
8,725
7,753
9,061
8,187
7,966
8,307
7,773
8,700 2,471
7,928 2,350
8 ,2 0 0 2,471
7,287 2,345
8,516 2,592
7,695 2,566
7,487 2,391
7,807 2,412
7,305 2,355
7,747
8,190
7,765
7,700
8,168
7,619
7,965
7,638
7,832
7,852
8,098
7,915
7,766
7,778
7,234
7,281
7,697
7,298
7,237
7,677
7,161
7,486
7,179
7,361
7,380
7,611
7,439
7,299
7,310
6,799
2,091
2,266
2,329
2,348
2,312
2,242
2,239
2,075
2,184
2,320
2,198
2,235
2,375
2,169
2,223
7,172
7,384
7,717
7,126
7,431
7,544
7,614
7,408
7.265
8,427
6,763
6,741
6,940
7,253
6,697
6,984
7,090
7,156
6,962
6,828
7,920
6,356
2,225 1,968
2,037 1,821
2,208 1,962
2,291 2,068
2,129 1,871
2,140 1,952
2 ,2 0 2 1,918
2,111 1,914
2,018 1,808
2,339 2,093
2,175 1,973.
2,060
2,420
2,541
1,896
2,357
2,486
2,436
2,358
2 1 0 2,328
246 2,952
2 0 2 1,930
1,103
1,434
1,439
978
1,425
1,506
1,453
1,378
1,358
1,861
1,151
1,268
1,550
1,760
1,090
1,596
1,380
1,373
1,483
1,578
1,900
1,039
1,014
1,371
1,266
917
1,333
1,574
1,496
1,322
1,239
1,840
Bakersfield, C a lif.....................
7,382 6,938
Denver, C o lo ............................
7,733 7,268
Los Angeles-Long Beach,
7,634 7,175
C alif......................................
San Diego, C a lif......................
7,435 6,988
San Francisco-Oakland, Calif... 8,309 7,809
8,500 7,989
Seattle-Everett, W ash..............
Honolulu..................................
8,987 8,446
Nonmetropolitan areas 1 1 .......
7,161 6,730
Anchorage, A laska................... 10,932 10,274
2,168 1,964
2,268 2,039
204 2,273
229 2,456
1,285
1,381
1,470
1,380
Urban United S tates...............
Metropolitan areas 10.......
Nonmetropolitan a re a s 11..
Per
Trans
Cloth sonal
porta
ing
care
tion 7
1,689
1,794
1,373
1,690
1,817
1,309
952
N O R TH EAST
Boston, M ass...........................
Buffalo, N .Y .............................
Hartford, C o nn.........................
Lancaster, P a ..........................
New York-Northeastern, N .J....
Philadelphia, Pa.-N.J...............
Pittsburgh, P a ..........................
Portland, M ain e.......................
Nonmetropolitan areas 1 1 .......
2,216
2,105
2,183
2,135
2,257
2,254
2,117
2 ,2 0 0
2,126
NORTH C E N T R A L
Cedar Rapids, Iowa................
Champaign-Urbana, III.............
Chicago, lll.-Northwestern Ind..
Cincinnati, Ohio-Ky,-lnd...........
Cleveland, O hio.......................
Dayton, O hio............................
Detroit, M ic h ............................
Green Bay, W is .......................
Indianapolis, Ind......................
Kansas City, M o.-Kans............
Milwaukee, W is........................
Minneapolis-St. Paul, M in n ......
St. Louis, M o.-lll......................
Wichita, Kans...........................
Nonmetropolitan areas 1 1 .......
1,857
2,045
2,109
2,126
2,040
2,035
1,994
1,887
1,964
2,092
1,928
1,984
2,133
1,974
2,033
221
220
222
272
207
245
188
220
228
270
251
242
195
190
2,645 1,672 1,676 1,670
2,810 1,779 2,016 1,651
2,563 1,585 1,806 1,466
2,423 1,509 1,398 1,568
2,790 1,822 1,833 1,816
2,440 1,448 1,511 1,414
2,682 1,728 1,773 1,703
2,596 1,509 1,632 1,442
2,628 1,671 1,643 1 ,6 8 6
2,474 1,485 1,386 1,539
2,826 1,824 1,773 1,851
2,718 1,719 1,832 1,658
2,468 1,432 1,369 1,466
2,594 1,572 1,707 1,500
2,240 1,524 1,535 1,518
1 ,0 0 2
999
1,036
1 ,0 2 2
716
221
188
266
195
224
220
209
240
226
231
203
227
256
SOUTH
Atlanta, G a ...............................
Austin, T e x ...............................
Baltimore, M d ..........................
Baton Rouge, L a .....................
Dallas, T e x ...............................
Durham, N .C ............................
Houston, T e x ...........................
Nashville, Tenn........................
Orlando, F la .................... ......
Washington, D.C.-Md.-Va........
Nonmetropolitan areas 1 1 .......
257
216
246
223
258
188
284
197
957
986
1 ,1 0 2
221
202
235
238
220
W EST
2,219
2,135
2,315
2,328
2,864
2,179
2,897
1,947
1,829
2,068
2,043
2,586
1,977
2,604
272
306
247
285
278
2,389 1,401
2,330 1,405
2,732 1,624
3,037 1,917
2,876 1,728
2 0 2 2,163 1,409
293 4,225 2,928
1 The family consists of a retirred husband and wife, age 65 years or
over.
2 Total budget costs do not include personal income taxes.
3 Housing includes shelter, house furnishings, and household operations.
4 The average costs of shelter were weighted by the the following pro
portions: 35 percent for renters and 65 percent for homeowners.
5 Renter costs include average contract rent plus the cost of required
amounts of heating fuel, gas, electricity, water, specified equipment, and in
surance on household contents.
6 Homeowner costs include property taxes, insurance on house and con
tents, water, refuse disposal, heating fuel, gas, electricity, specified equip
ment, and home repair and maintenance costs.
7 The average costs of automobile owners and nonowners were weight
ed by the following proportions of families: New York, 25 percent for
for FRASER
Digitized
1 ,1 2 0
1,148
754
1,297
owners, 75 percent for nonowners; Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, 40 per
cent for owners, 60 percent for nonowners; all other metropolitan areas, 60
percent for owners, 40 percent for nonowners; nonmetropolitan areas, 6 8
percent for owners and 32 percent for nonowners.
8 Includes average costs for reading, recreation, tobacco products, alco
holic beverages, and miscellaneous expenditures.
9 Includes allowances for gifts and contributions.
10 A s defined in 1960-61. For a detailed description of current and previ
ous geographical boundaries, see the 1967 edition of S ta n d a rd M e tro p o lita n
S ta tis tic a l A re a s , prepared by the Office of Management and Budget.
11 Places with population of 2,500 to 50,000.
Note : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals.
395
Table 158. Annual costs of a higher budget for a retired couple,1 autumn 1978
[Amounts in dollars]
Family consumption
Housing
Food
Area
Urban United S tates...............
Metropolitan a re a s 1 0 ......
Nonmetropolitan areas 1
Total
budg
e t2
11,596
12^069
10,182
Total
con
sumption Total
3
Shelter
Away
At
from
home
home
House
fur
Home- nish
Total
Renter
Total 4
owner ings
costs 8
costs 6 and
opera
tions
10,721
11J61
9,405
2,884 2 446
2,927 2,462
2,753 2,400
437 4,139 2,407 2,558 2,343
465 4^454 2,622 2,842 2 ,5 2 7
353 3,199 1,766 1,707 1,791
13,391
3,052
2390
2 939
2307
3,190
3,184
2 988
2,974
2,603
2 470
2 565
2,495
2344
2,646
2 497
2399
2,498
449
420
374
412
546
538
491
375
420
6,467
4,692
4,824
3,8^9
5,626
4,496
4,179
4,164
3,862
2,214
2,560
2,448
2,440
2,414
2,265
2,361
2,520
2,338
2,377
2,566
2,369
2,447
442
414
420
382
441
376
432
336
426
519
496
512
454
352
350
4,158
4,275
4,094
3,683
4,273
3,995
4,658
4,293
4,041
4,037
4,409
4,102
3,687
4,019
3,264
Trans
porta
tion 7
Other
Other
Per Medi
items 9
Cloth
family
sonal cal consum p
ing
care care
tion 8
1,619
1 J1 9
1,320
1,299
1^327
1,214
568
563
585
335
332
344
774
779
759
722
780
550
875
908
776
1,829
1,741
1,823
1,630
1787
1,694
1,428
1,404
1,403
1,280
1,250
1,197
301
308
417
281
348
308
309
278
324
751
726
749
723
782
765
752
746
758
809
775
832
745
805
776
797
738
542
1,075
930
951
845
N O R TH EA ST
Boston, M ass..........................
Buffalo! N .Y ............................
Hartford, Co nn........................
Lancaster, P a .........................
New York-Northeastern, N.J....
Philadelphia, Pa.-N.J...............
Pittsburgh, P a .........................
Portland, M a in e ......................
Nonmetropolitan areas 1 1 .......
14,466
12^384
12^683
11!168
13^529
12,091
11 ,7 7 2
11789
11!154
11 ^454
11 ,7 3 2
10^323
12,519
11,181
10,885
10^900
10^310 2 3 1 8
2,076
3726
2,689
2,380
2^343
2,560
3,539
3,233
2,863
2,108
3|385
3,112
2,152
2^374
1,980
4,947
2,669
2,898
2,062
33 7 2
2,507
2,477
2,329
2,808
1 ,6 8 6
1 ,3 5 7
1,708
1,189
1,333
1,313
583
659
568
568
518
455
503
667
593
2,389
2,396
2,311
1,999
2,512
2,151
2,900
2,291
2,225
2,214
2,614
2,307
1,813
2,117
1,893
2,592
2,480
2,926
1,748
2,464
2,277
3,098
2,573
1,932
2,143
2,419
2,390
1,662
2,295
1,852
2,302
2,360
2,048
2,106
2,533
2,097
2,815
2,170
2,351
2,245
2,698
2,271
1,877
2,040
1,911
1,656
1,766
1,670
1,571
1,648
1,731
1,645
1,889
1,703
1,710
1,682
1,682
1,761
1,789
1,258
1,336
1,347
1,217
1,253
1,323
1,256
1,309
1,267
1,307
1,373
1,306
1,284
1,462
1,356
1,166
659
734
557
627
624
604
618
619
616
624
665
576
534
629
642
333
357
327
279
396
289
333
324
307
356
333
342
300
334
365
767
770
779
768
754
771
784
769
767
788
760
741
746
773
751
774
756
783
765
.811
797
795
796
768
760
784
813
756
798
558
872
904
874
845
901
861
922
871
865
894
903
877
859
1,791 1,482
2,344 1,928
2,309 1,802
1,610 1,356
3,069 1,892
1,779 1,930
2,904 2,129
2,382 1,782
1,760 1,759
2,644 2,812
1,479 1,496
1,604
1,667
1,857
1,549
1,619
1,626
1,647
1,640
1,654
1,773
1,384
1,251
1,364
1,300
1,334
1,386
1,275
1,347
1,322
1,290
1,420
1,233
567
584
564
587
511
528
566
639
567
515
531
327
299
346
356
323
318
351
291
293
399
327
769
.777
771
757
800
794
813
759
777
804
761
756
780
760
766
764
757
742
733
771
814
544
805
843
859
804
859
821
879
827
802
935
752
1,662
1,773
1,417
1,325
451
657
302
307
844
762
737
794
827
874
1,471
492
1,365
499
1^533
577
1,348
583
1,388 ‘ 534
1,157
659
1,586
801
317
310
403
376
361
386
563
833
820
838
802
791
773
976
717
763
803
796
* 860
564
655
882
844
921
922
979
783
1,148
4,525
2,838
2 ,8 8 8
'
1 ,0 1 0
910
887
889
844
NORTH C E N T R A L
Cedar Rapids, Iow a................
Champaign-Urbana, III............
Chicago, lll.-Northwestern Ind.
Cincinnati, Ohio-Ky.-Ind.......
Cleveland, O hio .......................
Dayton, O hio............................
Detroit, M ic h ............................
Green Bay, W is .......................
Indianapolis, Ind..................... .
Kansas City, M o.-Kans............
Milwaukee, W is........................
Minneapolis-St. Paul, M in n .....
St. Louis, M o .-lll......................
Wichita, Kans...........................
Nonmetropolitan areas 1 1 ....
11,555
12^012
11^584
11,162
11,971
11,389
12,265
11,540
11,458
11,871
11,994
11,624
11,364
11,498
10,330
10,683 2,656
11,108 2 3 6 9
1 0 7 1 0 2353
10,317 2,942
11,070 2,889
10,528 2,816
11,343 2,846
10,669 2,601
10,593 2,787
10,977 3,039
11,091 2,834
10,747 2,889
10,505 3,020
10,630 2,721
9,543 2,797
2 ,4 5 5
2 ,5 3 3
868
787
SOUTH
Atlanta, G a ..............................
Austin, T e x ..............................
Baltimore, M d ..........................
Baton Rouge, L a .....................
Dallas, T e x ..............................
Durham, N .C ............................
Houston, T e x ...........................
Nashville, Tenn........................
Orlando, F la ............................
Washington, D.C.-Md.-Va.......
Nonmetropolitan areas 1 1 ......
10,590
11,135
11,369
10,579
11,371
10,821
11,652
10,912
10,546
12,459
9,834
9,785
10,292
10,510
9,775
10,512
2,358
2,184
2,355
2,484
2,237
2,350
2,298
2,285
2,162
2,506
2,348
465
471
490
397
514
354
534
341
358
418
350
3,292 1,575
3,833 2,053
3,924 1,954
3,094 1,432
3,977 2,245
3,624 1,885
4,122 2,362
3,715 1,962
3,526 1,759
4,648 2,762
2,988 1,491
10,902
11,583
10,075 2,725 2,375
10,709 2,946 2,468
350
478
3,599
3,918
11,696
11,146
12,255
12,275
13,085
10,278
15,512
10,814
10,302
11,334
11,353
12,106
9,495
14,364
549
527
459
452
556
308
504
4,072 2,317
3,799 2,142
4,217 2,208
4,525 2,592
4,503 2,519
3,250 1,790
6,123 3,806
1 0 ,0 0 0
10,773'
10,085
9,744
11,524
9,082
2,823
2,655
2,845
2,881
2,751
2,704
2,832
2,626
2,520
2,924
2,698
W EST
Bakersfield, C a lif.....................
Denver, C o lo ...........................
Los Angeles-Long Beach,
C alif......................................
San Diego, C a lif......................
San Francisco-Oakland, Calif..
Seattle-Everett, W ash..............
Honolulu..................................
Nonmetropolitan areas 1 1 .......
Anchorage, A laska..................
2,912
2,746
2,963
2,923
3,669
2,706
3,660
2,363
2,219
2,504
2,471
3,113
2,398
3,156
1,824 2,245
2,032 2,268
1 The family consists of a retired husband and wife, age 65 years or
over.
2 Total budget costs do not include personal income taxes.
3 Housing includes shelter, housefurnishings, household operations and
an allowance for lodging away from home city.
4 The average costs of shelter were weighted by the the following pro
portions: 30 percent for renters and 70 percent for homeowners.
5 Renter costs include average contract rent plus the cost of required
amounts of heating fuel, gas, electricity, water, specified equipment, and in
surance on household contents.
6 Homeowner costs include property taxes, insurance on house and con
tents, water, refuse disposal, heating fuel, gas, electricity, specified equip
ment, and home repair and maintenance costs.
7 The average costs of automobile owners and nonowners were weight
396
4,160
3,088
1,643
1,931
1,527 1,642
1,736 1,544
2 ,8 6 8 l|925 1^896
2,910 2,456 1,820
3,480 2,107 1,871
2,024 1,690 1,347
4,466 3,523 2,204
ed by the following proportions of families: Boston, Chicago, New York, and
Philadelphia, 75 percent for owners, 25 percent for nonowners; all other
areas, 1 00 percent for owners.
8 Includes average costs for reading, recreation, tobacco products, alco
holic beverages, and miscellaneous expenditures.
9 Includes allowances for gifts and contributions and an allownace for life
insurance.
10 A s defined in 1960-61. For a detailed description of current and previ
ous geographical boundaries, see the 1967 edition of S ta n d a rd M e tro p o lita n
S ta tis tic a l A re a s , prepared by the Office of Management and Budget.
11 Places with population of 2,500 to 50,000.
Note : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals.
Table 159. Indexes of comparative costs based on a lower budget for a retired couple,1 autumn
1978
[U.S. urban average costs = 1 0 0 ]
Family consumption
Area
Urban United S tates...................................
Metropolitan areas 8 ............................
Nonmetropolitan areas 9 .....................
Total
b udget 1
2
Housing
Food
Total
con
sumption
Total
At
home
100
1 02
1 00
1 02
100
101
1 00
101
94
94
98
97
1 10
1 10
105
105
107
107
1 00
101
111
111
105
105
98
98
1 02
111
111
98
98
101
101
106
103
106
103
101
1 10
1 10
1 02
101
Total 3
Renter
costs 4
Homeowner
costs 5
Transpor Cloth Per
sonal
ing
tation 6
care
1 00
Other
family
consump
tion 7
Medi
cal
care
1 00
101
1 00
1 00
1 00
1 00
105
84
107
80
106
82
90
129
138
113
118
97
135
104
98
1 22
1 00
125
164
126
123
88
1 02
114
97
94
165
113
99
22
22
105
103
92
84
123
88
1 12
1 12
121
123
108
105
141
1 02
105
107
116
124
96
107
1 00
101
96
99
104
1 00
108
76
98
N O R TH EAST
Boston, M ass..............................................
Buffalo, N .Y ................................................
Hartford, Conn............................................
Lancaster, P a ....... .....................................
New York-Northeastern, N .J ......................
Philadelphia, Pa.-N.J...................................
Pittsburgh, P a .............................................
Portland, M ain e...........................................
Nonmetropolitan areas 9 .............................
109
109
1 02
1 02
1 02
104
1 10
1 00
21
104
130
128
114
1 20
92
94
126
83
97
94
97
94
1 02
101
94
93
82
96
98
97
96
98
99
105
99
99
1 00
101
85
119
118
107
116
90
114
105
106
99
96
99
111
77
NORTH C E N T R A L
Cedar Rapids, Iowa....................................
Champaign-Urbana, III................................
Chicago, lll.-Northwestern Ind.....................
Cincinnati, Ohio-Ky.-Ind...............................
Cleveland, O hio...........................................
Dayton, O hio...............................................
Detroit, M ic h ...............................................
Green Bay, W is ...........................................
Indianapolis, Ind..........................................
Kansas City, M o.-Kans................................
Milwaukee, W is ...........................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul, M in n.........................
St. Louis, M o.-lll..........................................
Wichita, Kans..............................................
Nonmetropolitan a re a s 9 .............................
99
99
1 02
1 02
96
99
104
99
96
99
104
99
101
101
97
97
100
101
102
1 02
100
101
1 02
1 02
99
99
97
99
99
97
90
93
98
91
94
98
96
94
95
108
90
90
93
98
91
94
98
96
94
95
108
90
92
99
104
105
92
101
105
106
1 02
1 00
1 02
101
1 00
99
92
96
103
95
99
106
98
94
98
104
96
99
107
99
1 00
1 00
100
1 02
98
90
104
95
97
95
98
92
104
104
89
96
89
83
96
95
89
92
1 02
1 10
95
105
96
99
87
89
97
83
96
91
104
103
85
87
87
1 10
1 12
1 10
113
85
1 02
92
111
22
109
116
110
110
121
105
105
109
1 10
1 22
1 20
108
107
115
118
116
124
115
123
86
101
101
92
106
101
1 10
104
94
98
108
1 10
99
105
96
106
90
96
99
114
95
92
101
92
104
1 00
111
1 10
111
1 12
111
101
1 00
107
99
1 10
1 02
105
109
98 '
96
96
99
96
1 12
106
105
77
SOUTH
Atlanta, G a ..................................................
Austin, T ex..................................................
Baltimore, M d .............................................
Baton Rouge, L a ................................. .......
Dallas, T e x ..................................................
Durham, N .C ...............................................
Houston, T e x ..............................................
Nashville, T e n n ...........................................
Orlando, F la ................................................
Washington, D.C.-Md.-Va............................
Nonmetropolitan areas 9 .............................
95
96
88
88
94
99
91
92
94
91
87
94
99
91
93
92
92
87
1 00
1 00
94
94
74
89
97
70
87
97
90
89
95
116
77
76
89
106
82
91
89
89
81
126
88
101
112
66
89
88
81
85
117
131
62
57
79
83
54
78
98
85
80
75
1 12
72
109
115
117
118
1 20
1 12
117
1 12
115
124
130
1 00
126
119
137
129
141
130
149
133
190
85
127
95
95
92
86
1 00
104
97
97
106
86
87
115
99
99
108
1 00
101
99
98
103
103
105
98
103
106
103
1 02
103
101
106
114
75
1 00
104
98
W EST
Bakersfield, C a lif.........................................
Denver, C o lo ...............................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif...................
San Diego, C a lif..........................................
San Francisco-Oakland, C alif.....................
Seattle-Everett, W a s h .................................
Honolulu........ .............................................
Nonmetropolitan a re a s 9 .............................
Anchorage, A laska......................................
95
95
96
97
1 00
1 00
101
102
99
96
107
99
96
107
98
94
1 10
110
1 02
102
98
93
103
115
98
148
115
98
148
127
99
132
1 02
130
99
131
1 The family consists of a retired husband and wife, age 65 years or over.
2 Total budget costs do not include personal income taxes.
3 Housing includes shelter, housefumishings, and household operations.
4 Renter costs include average contract rent plus the cost of required
amounts of heating fuel, gas, electricity, water, specified equipment, and in
surance on household contents.
5 Homeowner costs include property taxes, insurance on house and con
tents, water, refuse disposal, heating fuel, gas, electricity, specified equip
ment, and home repair and maintenance costs.
6 The average costs of automobile owners and nonowners were weighted
397
117
105
88
171
127
128
143
93
226
68
88
61
70
83
1 12
73
85
151
1 10
1 12
101
103
130
89
89
95
93
119
113
108
109
98
108
105
108
104
1 12
1 02
1 00
160
127
95
105
98
1 00
1 12
1 10
114
j
/
81
98
by the following proportions of families: Boston, Chicago, New York, and
Philadelphia, 1 00 percent for nonowners of automobiles; all other metropoli
tan areas, 45 percent for owners, 55 percent for nonowners; nonmetropoli
tan areas, 55 percent for owners, 45 percent for nonowners.
7 Includes average costs for reading, recreation, tobacco products, alco
holic beverages and miscellaneous expenditures.
8 A s defined in 1960-61. For a detailed description of current and previ
ous geographical boundaries, see the 1967 edition of S ta n d a rd M e tro p o lita n
S ta tis tic a l A re a s , prepared by the Office of Management and Budget.
9 Places with population of 2,500 to 50,000.
Table 160. Indexes of comparative costs based on an intermediate budget for a retired couple,1
autumn 1978
[U.S. urban average costs =100]
Family consumption
Area
Urban United States...................................
Metropolitan areas 8 ............................
Nonmetropolitan areas 9 .....................
Total
b ud g et 1
2
Food
Total
con
sumption
Housing
Total
At
home
1 00
101
100
101
96
98
107
108
103
106
104
Total 3
Renter
costs 4
Per
Cloth
Home- Transpor
sonal
ing
tation 6
owner
care
costs 5
100.
1 00
1 00
107
80
108
77
106
83
1 02
103
107
104
108
97
130
108
123
90
125
106
90
109
172
1 10
1 10
141
113
116
97
138
108
91
99
90
100
1 00
106
97
92
106
92
1 00
1 00
103
90
103
90
118
108
118
108
1 02
111
111
107
99
115
104
99
115
104
1 02
1 02
1 02
106
99
106
99
99
104
99
98
104
97
99
104
99
98
104
97
102
1 02
1 00
101
100
1 02
97
95
100
98
106
Medi
cal
care
100
101
Other
family
consump
tion 7
100
98
108
77
97
94
97
93
116
107
116
96
N O R TH EA ST
Boston, M ass...............................................
Buffalo, N .Y ................................................
Hartford, C onn.............................................
Lancaster, P a ..............................................
New York-Northeastern, N .J ......................
Philadelphia, Pa.-N.J.................................
Pittsburgh, P a ..............................................
Portland, M ain e...........................................
Nonmetropolitan a re a s 9 .............................
113
1 12
104
105
1 00
1 02
1 20
115
98
165
114
104
117
116
107
74
105
121
90
91
125
88
111
111
104
103 , 84
94
102
91
83
90
92
82
123
106
1 02
1 00
106
107
92
118
127
97
101
112
85
108
103
109
103
1 00
1 10
109
106
108
108
109
91
109
109
105
118
99
105
97
82
116
85
98
96
91
105
99
1 02
108
116
101
111
99
98
97
98
105
106
107
77
99
99
105
109
NORTH C E N T R A L
Cedar Rapids, Iowa....................................
Champaign-Urbana, III................................
Chicago, lll.-Northwestern Ind....................
Cincinnati, Ohio-Ky.-Ind...............................
Cleveland, O hio...........................................
Dayton, O hio...............................................
Detroit, M ic h ...............................................
Green Bay, W is ...........................................
Indianapolis, Ind..........................................
Kansas City, M o.-Kans...............................
Milwaukee, W is ...........................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul, M in n .........................
St. Louis, M o.-lll..........................................
Wichita, Kans..............................................
Nonmetropolitan areas 9 .............................
99
119
107
83
108
89
105
97
97
82
105
108
81
98
97
90
95
103
104
99
99
97
92
96
101
1 02
96
97
103
94
97
94
97
104
96
99
97
89
96
96
89
96
1 00
101
93
93
96
92
91
95
93
93
78
92
96
72
89
94
92
89
88
102
88
102
88
112
1 12
101
1 02
101
102
97
97
1 00
1 00
1 00
100
103
103
101
101
99
99
92
99
99
92
91
94
98
91
95
96
97
94
93
107
91
94
98
91
95
96
97
94
93
107
86
86
95
96
73
61
94
99
97
95
106
108
115
91
139
94
99
97
95
106
108
115
91
139
94
99
97
93
96
99
95
89
86
87
82
101
101
101
1 00
125
95
126
126
96
127
103
115
109
82
160
98
100
94
107
103
93
98
85
101
91
99
98
87
93
108
84
101
1 10
98
87
89
90
111
101
1 10
99
97
99
108
101
1 00
1 12
111
1 10
109
99
111
1 02
99
96
96
99
97
107
109
113
103
108
78
108
101
101
1 12
95
107
94
1 10
89
99
105
112
1 00
1 02
97
99
106
107
106
106
88
101
103
104
96
95
103
87
1 00
1 00
SOUTH
Atlanta, G a ..................................................
Austin, T e x..................................................
Baltimore, M d .............................................
Baton Rouge, L a .........................................
Dallas, T e x ..................................................
Durham, N .C ...............................................
Houston, T e x ..............................................
Nashville, T e n n ...........................................
Orlando, F la ................................................
Washington, D.C.-Md.-Va............................
Nonmetropolitan areas 9 .............................
75
92
104
64
94
82
81
88
93
60
81
75
54
79
93
89
78
73
109
72
110
103
106
104
106
114
97
107
91
96
100
116
103
93
84
98
104
103
105
98
86
100
118
104
98
1 00
1 02
104
103
1 02
1 02
99
104
107
115
76
W EST
Bakersfield, C a lif.........................................
Denver, C o lo ...............................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach, Calif..................
San Diego, C a lif..........................................
San Francisco-Oakland, C alif.....................
Seattle-Everett, W a s h ................................
Honolulu......................................................
Nonmetropolitan areas 9 .............................
Anchorage, A laska......................................
88
121
109
125
127
150
86
213
70
82
62
69
81
106
77
82
152
1 12
106
117
1 12
123
110
127
95
133
83
123
92
94
107
108
90
90
94
91
118
1 00
108
118
175
106
135
111
109
99
108
105
108
103
99
105
99
1 02
100
114
80
97
126
1 02
110
1 10
75 percent for nonowners; Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, 40 percent for
owners, 60 percent for nonowners; all other metropolitan areas, 60 percent
for owners, 40 percent for nonowners; nonmetropolitan areas, 6 8 percent
for owners, 32 percent for nonowners.
7 Includes average costs for reading, recreation, tobacco products, alco
holic beverages and miscellaneous expenditures.
8 A s defined in 1960-61. For a detailed description of current and previ
ous geographical boundaries, see the 1967 edition of S ta n d a rd M e tro p o lita n
S ta tis tic a l A re a s , prepared by the Office of Management and Budget.
9 Places with population of 2,500 to 50,000.
1 The family consists of a retired husband and wife, age 65 years or over.
2 Total budget costs do not include personal income taxes.
3 Housing includes shelter, housefurnishings, and household operations.
4 Renter costs include average contract rent plus the cost of required
amounts of heating fuel, gas, electricity, water, specified equipment, and in
surance on household contents.
5 Homeowner costs include property taxes, insurance on house and con
tents, water, refuse disposal, heating fuel, gas, electricity, specified equip
ment, and home repair and maintenance costs.
6 The average costs of automobile owners and nonowners were weighted
by the following proportions of families: New York, 25 percent for owners,
93
90
398
Table 161. Indexes of comparative costs based on a higher budget for a retired couple,1 autumn
1978
[U.S. urban average co sts=100]
Family consumption
Area
Urban United States.......................................
Metropolitan areas 8 ................................
Nonmetropolitan areas 9 .........................
Total
budg-
Housing
Food
Other
Medi
family
cal
consump
care
tion 7
Renter
costs 4
Homeowner
costs 5
Trans
port
ation 6
Cloth
ing
Per
sonal
care
100
108
77
100
111
67
100
108
76
100
102
93
.100
99
103
100
99
103
100
101
98
100
108
76
106
101
105
102
108
108
102
106
102
156
113
117
92
136
109
101
101
93
138.
126
112
82
132
122
84
93
77
211
114
124
88
165
107
106
99
120
110
108
108
99
96
92
104
103
101
103
116
100
100
91
80
89
117
104
90
92
124
84
104
92
92
83
97
97
94
97
93
101
99
97
96
98
112
107
115
103
111
107
110
102
75
92
99
102
102
100
98
99
90
97
105
98
100
105
94
97
91
100
104
105
100
100
99
93
97
103
96
97
105
97
100
100
103
99
89
103
97
113
104
98
98
107
99
89
97
79
101
97
114
68
96
89
121
101
76
84
95
93
65
90
72
98
101
87
90
108
90
120
93
100
96
115
97
80
87
82
103
104
94
96
102
97
101
98
101
106
101
99
113
104
90
116
129
98
110
110
106
109
109
108
110
117
101
94
111
113
99
107
98
83
118
86
99
97
92
106
99
102
90
100
109
99
99
101
99
97
100
101
99
99
102
98
96
96
100
97
107
105
108
106
112
110
110
110
106
105
109
113
105
111
77
91
96
98
91
98
93
100
94
91
107
85
98
92
99
100
95
94
98
91
87
101
94
96
89
96
102
91
96
94
93
88
102
96
80
93
95
75
96
88
100
90
85
112
72
70
92
90
63
120
70
114
93
69
103
58
63
82
77
58
81
82
91
76
75
120
64
96
105
100
103
107
98
104
102
99
109
95
100
103
99
103
90
93
100
113
100
91
93
98
89
103
106
96
95
105
87
87
119
98
99
100
100
98
103
103
105
98
100
104
98
105
108
105
106
106
105
103
102
107
113
75
94
100
101
96
106
106
113
89
134
94
102
101
95
103
101
127
94
127
97
101
97
91
102
101
127
98
129
87
95
98
92
102
109
109
79
148
88
89
163
121
112
114
136
79
175
70
82
65
74
82
105
90
72
150
109
102
113
105
118
104
107
89
122
79
116
87
88
102
103
94
116
141
90
92
95
93
120
112
108
115
168
109
98
108
106
108
104
102
100
126
102
110
99
106
111
110
119
78
91
Total
consumption
Total
At
home
Total 3
100
104
88
100
104
88
100
101
95
100
101
98
125
107
109
96
117
104
102
102
96
125
107
109
96
117
104
102
102
96
106
100
102
101
111
110
104
103
101
100
104
100
96
103
98
106
100
99
102
103
100
98
99
89
100
104
100
96
103
98
106
100
99
102
103
100
98
99
89
91
96
98
91
98
93
100
94
91
107
85
94
100
101
96
106
106
113
89
134
N O R TH EA ST
Boston, M a s s .................................................
Buffalo, N .Y ....................................................
Hartford, Conn....................................... .........
Lancaster, P a .................................................
New York-Northeastern, N .J ..........................
Philadelphia, P a .-N .J......................................
Pittsburgh, P a .................................................
Portland, M aine...............................................
Nonmetropolitan areas 9.................................
NORTH C E N T R A L
Cedar Rapids, Iowa........................................
Champaign-Urbana, III....................................
Chicago, lll.-Northwestem Ind........................
Cincinnati, Ohio-Ky,-lnd..................................
Cleveland, O hio..............................................
Dayton, O h io ..................................................
Detroit, M ic h ...................................................
Green Bay, W is..............................................
Indianapolis, Ind.............................................
Kansas City, M o.-Kans...................................
Milwaukee, W is ..............................................
Minneapolis-St. Paul, M in n .............................
St. Louis, M o.-lll.............................................
Wichita, K a n s .................................................
Nonmetropolitan a re a s 9................................
SOUTH
Atlanta, G a ......................................................
Austin, T ex......................................................
Baltimore, M d .................................................
Baton Rouge, La.............................................
Dallas, T ex......................................................
Durham, N .C ...................................................
Houston, T e x ..................................................
Nashville, T e n n ..............................................
Orlando, F la ....................................................
Washington, D.C.-Md.-Va................................
Nonmetropolitan areas 9.................................
W EST
Bakersfield, C a lif.............................................
Denver, C o lo ..................................................
Los Angeles-Long Beach, C a lif.....................
San Diego, C a lif.............................................
San Francisco-Oakland, C alif.........................
Seattle-Everett, W a s h ....................................
Honolulu.........................................................
Nonmetropolitan areas 9................................
Anchorage, A la s k a .........................................
1 The family consists of a retired husband and wife, age 65 years or over.
2 Total budget costs do not include personal income taxes.
3 Housing includes shelter, housefurnishings, household operations, and
an allowance for lodging away from home city.
4 Renter costs include average contract rent plus the cost of required
amounts of heating fuel, gas, electricity, water, specified equipment, and in
surance on household contents.
5 Homeowner costs include property taxes, insurance on house and con
tents, water, refuse disposal, heating fuel, gas, electricity, specified equip
ment, and home repair and maintenance costs.
399
8
The average costs of automobile owners and nonowners were weighted
by the following proportions of families: Boston, Chicago, New York, and
Philadelphia, 75 percent for owners, 25 percent for nonowners; all other
areas, 100 percent for owners.
7 Includes average costs for reading, recreation, tobacco products, alco
holic beverages and miscellaneous expenditures.
8 A s defined in 1960-61. For a detailed description of current and previ
ous geographical boundaries, see the 1967 edition of S ta n d a rd M e tro p o lita n
S ta tis tic a l A re a s , prepared by the Office of Management and Budget.
9 Places with population of 2,500 to 50,000.
Technical Notes
Unions and Industrial Relations
Union Membership
(Covers tables 162-166)
The Bureau’s membership survey includes all affili
ates of the AFL-CIO, all unaffiliated national unions,
and all unaffiliated unions which are party to collec
tive bargaining agreements with different employers
in more than one State. The study excludes unions
whose activities are confined to a single locality or a
single employer.
In addition, the survey accounts for all unions of
Federal Government employees that have received
“exclusive recognition,” as had been specified in Ex
ecutive Order 10988, subsequently amended by the
Civil Service Reform Act of 1978. Public and profes
sional employee associations that engage in collective
bargaining also are included.
Work Stoppages
(Covers tables 167-172)
The work stoppage series covers all strikes and
lockouts known by the Bureau and its cooperating
agencies to continue for 1 full day or shift or longer,
and to involve six workers or more. For purposes of
the studies, a strike is defined as a temporary stoppage
of work by a group of employees to express a griev
ance or enforce a demand. A lockout is defined as a
temporary withholding of work by an employer (or
group of employers) to enforce terms of employment
upon a group of employees. Since 1922, no attempt
has been made to distinguish between strikes and
lockouts; both types are included in the term “work
stoppage.”
All stoppages, whether or not authorized by the
union, legal or illegal, are counted. The series ex
cludes, however, strikes of American seamen or other
workers in foreign ports, and strikes of foreign crews
in American ports. Also excluded are so-called slow
downs, in which employees continue to work but at
deliberately reduced production speed. In addition, in
stances in which workers report an hour or two late
each day as a protest gesture or leave work several
hours before closing time to attend rallies or mass
meetings are excluded.
National Labor Relations Board
(Covers table 173)
Table A shows data limitations imposed by various
legislative and rule changes affecting the jurisdiction
of the National Labor Relations Board.
Wage and Hour Investigation Findings
(Covers table 174)
The data are tabulated from “Investigation Report”
forms sent in for each establishment investigated by a
Wage and Hour Compliance Officer. The statistics,
therefore, represent only findings obtained from inves
tigated establishments and do not represent total un
derpayments due under the Fair Labor Standards
Act, Government Contracts Act, Age Discrimination
in Employment Act, and title III (Restriction on Gar
nishment) of the Consumer Credit Protection Act.
Establishments investigated
Establishments are investigated because of com
plaints received from employees, unions, or other in
terested parties. In addition, each region schedules in
vestigations in those industries where there is a strong
likelihood that firms might be in violatioirofThe acts,
Employees underpaid
Underpaid employees are those found not paid the
required minimum wage rate, employees found not
paid full overtime compensation for all hours worked
over the applicable overtime standard, employees
found not paid equally because of sex, employees
found discriminated against because of their age, and
workers whose wages have been found to be illegally
garnished in violation of the provisions of the acts.
Also included are workers, such as handicapped
workers, certified for special minimum wage rates
who were found not paid in accordance with the cer
tificates. Minors found illegally employed in violation
of the acts are not shown.
400
Amount of underpayments
Illegally withheld wages that employers agreed
to pay
In general, the amount shown for all types of un
derpayments involves an investigation period of up to
2 years.
The amount of underpayments which the employ
ers agreed to pay back to employees found underpaid
may be all or only a part of the amount found due.
Table A. Legislative and rule changes affecting comparability of NLRB time-series data
National Labor
Relations (W agner)
A ct, effective July 5,
1935
Labor M anagement
Relations (Taft-Hartley)
A ct, 1947, effective
A ugust 22, 1947
Unfair labor practice
Charges alleging
employer unfair labor
practices.
Im posed for the first
time an unfair labor
practice counterpart
on labor organizations.
Representation
Petitions requesting
board action to
determine w hether
em ployees w ished to
select a co llectiv e
bargaining
representative.
Labor M anagem ent
R eporting and
D isclosure (LandrumGriffin) A c t o f 1959,
effective N ovem ber 13,
1959
Am endm ents to N L R B
R ules and regulations,
effective N ovem ber 30,
1964
A uthorized the filing o f
decertification
petitions as w ell as
broadened the area
for em ployer-filed
petitions for
co llectiv e bargaining
elections.
T ype o f case
Union-shop
authorization
A uthorized the filing o f
petitions for boardconducted polls to
determine w hether a
contract be
authorized requiring
union membership as
a condition o f
em ployment. This
portion o f act was
abolished in O ctober
1951.
U nion-shop
deauthorization
O utlawed “hot cargo”
contract clauses by
em ployers an d /or
unions and placed
certain limitations on
union picketing.
A uthorized the filing o f
petitions for boardconducted polls to
determine w hether a
union’s authority to
enter into a unionshop contrapt should
be rescinded.
Amendm ent o f
certification
A uthorized the filing
o f petitions for
amendment o f an
existing certification.
Unit clarification
A uthorized the filing
o f petitions seeking a
determination as to
w hether a certain
classification o f
em ployees should be
included w ithin a
presently existing
bargaining unit.
401
Table 162. Distribution of national and international unions by industry and affiliation, selected years,
1956-78
All unions
Union affiliation
M em bers2
A FL-C IO
Year and industry group
Unaffiliated
M em b ers2
N um ber1
Number
(thou
sands)
Percent
N um ber1
Number
(thou
sands)
M e m b ers2
N um ber1
Percent
Number
(thou
sands)
Percent
1956
All un ion s................................................................
187
18,104
100.0
136
16,553
100.0
51
1,551
100.0
Manufacturing..........................................................
111
8,839
48.8
85
8,531
51.5
26
308
19.8
Nonmanufacturing...................................................
Mining and quarrying........................................
Contract construction.......................................
Transportation.......... .......................................
Telephone and telegraph................................
Electric and gas utilities...................................
Trade................................................................
Finance and insurance....................................
Service industries.............................................
Agriculture and fishing.....................................
165
13
22
50
6
15
17
46.1
2.9
11.7
15.1
2.4
1.8
4.9
126
9
20
34
3
11
14
39
4
2
16
3
4
996
404
1
408
108
20
24
64.2
26.1
(3)
26.3
7.0
1.3
1.5
.3
3
6.7
27
4
4
.2
.3
.4
5
7,353
114
2,122
2,319
320
303
859
47
1,218
51
44.4
.7
12.8
14.0
1.9
1.8
5.2
31
6
8,350
518
2,123
2,727
428
323
883
51
1,222
76
Government: Federal, State, and lo c a l..................
34
915
5.1
24
All un ion s................................................................
186
17,968
100.0
Manufacturing.........................................................
Food, beverages, and tobacco........................
Clothing, textiles, and leather products.......
Furniture, lumber, wood products, and paper..
Printing and publishing....................................
Petroleum, chemicals, and rubber..................
Stone, clay, and g la s s .....................................
Metals, machinery, and equipment, except
transportation equipment.............................
Transportation equipm ent...............................
Manufacturing (not classifiable).......................
108
21
17
16
17
15
8,359
1,029
1,228
775
346
540
251
32
17
26
Nonmanufacturing...................................................
Mining and quarrying........................................
Contract construction.......................................
Transportation..................................................
Telephone and telegraph.................................
Electric and gas utilities...................................
Trade................................................................
Finance and insurance....................................
Service industries.............................................
Agriculture and fishing.....................................
Nonmanufacturing (not classifiable).................
100
13
26
49
Government: Federal, State, and lo c a l...................
7.4
3
2
4
.3
1
25
1.6
669
4.0
10
247
15.9
137
14,880
100.0
49
3,088
100.0
46.5
5.7
6.8
4.3
1.9
3.0
1.4
80
16
17
14
10
14
13
7,442
566
1,214
740
302
471
239
50.0
3.8
8.2
5.0
2.0
3.2
1.6
28
5
5
3
917
463
14
34
29.7
15.0
6
44
3
2
70
12
2,700
1,255
235
15.0
7.0
1.3
23
14
17
2,445
1,252
212
16.4
8.4
1.4
9
255
8.3
3
3
22
.1
47.7
3.5
12.9
15.1
2.3
1.4
4.7
.6
6.9
.2
.1
76
9
6,668
97
2 ,2 5 6
4
5
1,906
525
68
61.7
17.0
21
35
14
923
10
12
3
25
2
2
1,789
310
234
707
101
1,145
10
19
44.8
.7
15.2
12.0
2.1
1.6
4.8
.7
7.7
.1
.1
24
13
15
5
29
3
2
8,574
622
2,324
2,712
409
259
852
104
1,240
33
19
3
2
4
1
—
99 ■
25
145
3
95
22
—
29.9
3.2
.8
4.7
.1
3.1
.7
—
41
1,035
5.8
28
769
5.2
13
266
8.6
All un ion s................................................................
184
18,037
100.0
134
14,992
100.0
50
3,045
100.0
Manufacturing..........................................................
Food, beverages, and tobacco........................
Clothing, textiles, and leather products...........
Furniture, lumber, wood products, and paper...
Printing and publishing.....................................
Petroleum, chemicals, and rubber...................
Stone, clay, and g la s s .....................................
Metals, machinery, and equipment, except
transportation equipment..............................
Transportation e q u ip m e n t ................................
Manufacturing (not classifiable).......................
106
22
23
25
17
21
15
8,591
1,043
1,219
822
350
546
249
47.6
5.8
6.8
4.6
1.9
3.0
1.4
77
15
17
18
11
16
13
7,686
592
1,207
790
305
473
235
51.3
3.9
8.1
5.3
2.0
3.2
1.6
29
7
6
7
6
5
2
905
451
12
33
45
73
13
29.7
14.8
.4
1.1
1.5
2.4
.4
38
18
21
2,891
1,323
147
16.0
7.3
.8
26
13
16
2,633
1,312
139
17.6
8.8
.9
12
5
5
258
11
9
8.5
.4
.3
Nonmanufacturing...................................................
Mining and quarrying........................................
Contract construction.......................................
Transportation..................................................
103
11
23
48
8,375
593
2,271
2,566
46.4
3.3
12.6
14.2
75
7
19
35
6,482
85
2,203
1,661
43.2
.6
14.7
11.1
28
4
4
13
1,893
508
68
905
62.2
16.7
2.2
29.7
5
.3
1958
22
6
3
9
3
3
.5
1.1
1.4
2.3
.4
.7
2.2
1960
See footnotes at end of table.
402
Table 162. Distribution of national and international unions by industry and affiliation, selected years,
1956-78— Continued
Union affiliation
All unions
Unaffiliated
A F L-C IO
M em b ers2
M em bers2
M em b ers2
Year and industry group
N um ber1
Number
(thou
sands)
Percent
N um ber1
Number
(thou
sands)
N um ber1
Percent
Number
(thou
sands)
Percent
1960— Continued
Nonmanufacturing— Continued
Telephone and telegraph................................
Electric and gas utilities...................................
Trade...............................................................
Finance and insurance...................................
Service industries............................................
Agriculture and fishing.... j...............................
Nonmanufacturing (not classifiable)................
6
14
17
5
31
6
5
412
275
846
72
1,281
52
8
2.3
1.5
4.7
.4
7.1
.3
(3)
4
10
13
3
26
4
1
314
244
685
67
1,195
26
2
2.1
1.6
4.6
.4
8.0
.2
(3)
2
4
*4
2
5
2
4
98
31
161
5
86
26
6
3.2
1.0
5.3
.2
2.8
.8
.2
Government: Federal, State, and lo c a l..................
41
1,070
5.9
30
824
5.5
11
247
8.1
181
17,564
100.0
130
14,770
100.0
51
2,794
100.0
48.4
4.0
8.2
5.0
2.1
2.6
1.7
29
10
7
5
4
4
2
909
449
15
31
47
109
12
32.5
16.1
.5
1.1
1.7
3.9
.4
1962
All un ion s...............................................................
Manufacturing.........................................................
Food, beverages, and tobacco........................
Clothing, textiles, and leather products...........
Furniture, lumber, wood products, and paper...
Printing and publishing.....................................
Petroleum, chemicals, and rubber...................
Stone, clay, and g la s s .....................................
Metals, machinery, and equipment, except
transportation equipment..............................
Transportation equipm ent................................
Manufacturing (not classifiable).......................
107
28
24
23
15
20
18
8,050
1,045
1,226
766
359
491
269
45.8
6.0
7.0
4.4
2.0
2.8
1.5
78
18
17
18
11
16
16
7,141
596
1,211
735
312
382
257
38
16
23
2,583
1,187
123
14.7
6.8
.7
25
14
15
2,346
1,187
114
15.9
8.0
.8
13
2
8
237
(3)
9
8.5
(3)
.3
Nonmanufacturing...................................................
Mining and quarrying........................................
Contract construction.......................................
Transportation..................................................
Telephone and telegraph.................................
Electric and gas utilities...................................
Trade................................................................
Finance and insurance....................................
Service industries.............................................
Agriculture and fishing.....................................
Nonmanufacturing (not classifiable).................
103
11
28
47
6
16
19
5
33
7
8
8,289
352
2,417
2,572
416
327
1,129
31
996
36
14
47.2
2.0
13.8
14.6
2.4
1.9
6.4
.2
5.7
.2
.1
76
8
21
35
4
11
14
3
28
4
4
6,680
51
2,339
1,678
334
291
970
28
975
10
6
45.2
.3
15.8
11.4
2.3
2.0
6.6
.2
6.6
.1
(3)
27
3
7
12
2
5
5
2
5
3
4
1,609
301
78
895
82
37
159
3
21
26
8
57.6
10.8
2.8
32.0
2.9
1.3
5.7
.1
.7
.9
.3
Government: Federal, State, and lo c a l...................
41
1,225
7.0
27
948
6.4
14
277
9.9
All un ion s................................................................
189
17,919
100.0
129
15,094
100.0
60
2,825
100.0
Manufacturing..........................................................
Food, beverages, and tobacco........................
Clothing, textiles, and leather products...........
Furniture, lumber, wood products, and paper...
Printing and publishing.....................................
Petroleum, chemicals, and rub b er...................
Stone, clay, and g la s s .....................................
Metals, machinery, and equipment, except
transportation equipment..............................
Transportation equipm ent................................
Manufacturing (not classifiable).......................
108
26
24
26
15
19
18
8,342
1,063
1,216
811
355
562
253
46.6
5.9
6.8
4.5
2.0
3.1
1.4
79
18
17
17
11
14
15
7,376
615
1,199
755
344
439
240
48.9
4.1
7.9
5.0
2.3
2.9
1.6
29
8
7
9
4
5
3
965
447
18
56
10
123
13
34.2
15.8
.6
2.0
.4
4.4
.5
37
19
32
2,646
1,197
238
14.8
6.7
1.3
24
14
23
2,384
1,185
214
15.8
7.9
1.4
13
5
9
262
12
23
9.3
.4
.8
Nonmanufacturing...................................................
Mining and quarrying........................................
Contract construction.......................................
Transportation..................................................
Telephone and telegraph.................................
Electric and gas utilities...................................
Trade................................................................
Finance and insurance....................................
Service industries.............................................
Agriculture and fishing.....................................
Nonmanufacturing (not classifiable).................
101
12
28
47
8
17
18
7
26
7
8
8,125
321
2,323
2,429
437
305
1,217
61
968
54
9
45.3
1.8
13.0
13.6
2.4
1.7
6.8
.3
5.4
.3
.1
75
7
22
35
6
11
14
5
22
4
4
6,602
68
2,248
1,560
358
266
1,059
58
946
32
7
43.7.5
14.9
10.3
2.4
1.8
7.0
.4
6.3
.2
.04
26
5
6
12
2
6
4
2
4
3
4
1,523
252
76
869
79
39
158
3
21
22
2
53.9
8.9
2.7
30.8
2.8
1.4
5.6
.1
.8
.8
.09
1964
See footnotes at end of table.
Table 162. Distribution of national and international unions by industry and affiliation, selected years,
1956-78— Continued
Union affiliation
All unions
Members 2
Unaffiliated
A F L-C IO
M em b ers2
Year and industry group
N um b e r1
Number
(thou
sands)
Percent
N um ber1
Number
(thousahds)
Members 2
N um b e r1
Percent
Number
(thou
sands)
Percent
1964— Continued
59
56
18
1,453
897
556
8.1
5.0
3.1
35
34
16
1,116
572
544
7.4
3.8
3.6
24
22
2
337
325
12
12.0
11.5
.4
All u n ion s................................................................
189
20,210
100.0
126
15,560
100.0
63
4,650
100.0
Manufacturing..........................................................
Ordnance and acce sso rie s..............................
Food and kindred products (including bever
ages) .............................................................
Tobacco manufactures....................................
Textile mill products.........................................
Apparel and other finished products made
from fabrics and similar m aterials................
Lumber and wood products, except furniture...
Furniture and fixtures.......................................
Paper and allied products................................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries........
Chemicals and allied p rod u cts........................
Petroleum refining and related industries........
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products...
Leather and leather products..........................
Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products.......
Primary metals industries.................................
Fabricated metal products, except ordnance,
machinery, and transportation equipm ent....
Machinery, except electrical............................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and sup
plies..............................................................
Transportation equipm ent................................
Professional scientific and controlling instru
ments; photographic and optical goods;
watches and clocks......................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..........
103
12
9,218
169
45.6
.8
77
7
6,754
139
43.4
.9
26
5
2,464
30
53.0
.6
26
8
9
880
39
191
4.4
.2
1.0
17
6
3
526
38
179
3.4
.2
1.2
9
2
5
354
1
12
7.6
(3)
.3
13
17
15
16
19
25
13
16
10
20
17
870
310
157
448
375
382
96
246
131
295
773
4.3
1.5
.8
2.2
1.9
1.9
.5
1.2
.6
1.5
3.8
10
12
12
10
15
18
8
11
7
17
10
861
305
144
388
363
242
87
232
124
261
690
5.5
2.0
.9
2.5
2.3
1.6
.6
1.5
.8
1.7
4.4
3
5
3
6
4
7
5
5
3
3
7
9
5
12
61
12
140
9
14
7
34
83
.2
.1
.3
1.3
.3
3.0
.2
.3
.1
.7
1.8
33
19
543
692
2.7
3.4
21
11
429
420
2.8
2.7
12
8
113
272
2.4
5.9
16
21
1,014
1,333
5.0
6.6
9
14
816
323
5.2
2.1
7
7
198
1,010
4.3
21.7
12
36
62
212
.3
1.0
8
26
44
143
.3
.8
4
10
18
69
.4
1.5
Nonmanufacturing...................................................
Mining and quarrying (including crude petro
leum and natural gas production).................
Contract construction (building and special
trade)............................................................
Transportation se rv ice s4.................................
Telephone and telegraph................................
Electric, gas, and sanitary services (including
water)............................................................
Wholesale and retail trade...............................
Finance, insurance, and real estate.................
Service industries5...........................................
Agriculture and fishing.....................................
Nonmanufacturing (classification not availa
ble) ...............................................................
106
8,837
43.7
77
7,124
45.8
29
1,714
36.9
16
342
1.7
9
134
.9
7
208
4.5
26
48
8
2,541
2,503
476
12.6
12.4
2.4
19
37
6
2,452
1,511
423
15.8
9.7
2.7
7
11
2
89
992
53
1.9
21.3
1.1
15
21
5
38
5
324
1,392
50
1,093
26
1.6
6.9
.2
5.4
.1
12
15
3
24
1
282
1,209
46
977
4
1.8
7.8
.3
6.3
(3)
3
6
2
14
4
42
183
4
116
22
.9
3.9
.1
2.5
.5
11
90
.4
7
86
.6
4
4
.1
Governm ent............................................................
Federal.............................................................
State and lo c a l................................................
59
57
18
2,155
1,351
804
10.7
6.7
4.0
35
34
15
1,682
892
790
10.8
5.7
5.1
24
23
3
473
459
14
10.1
9.8
.3
All un ion s................................................................
185
20,690
100.0
120
15,916
100.0
65
4,773
100.0
Manufacturing..........................................................
Ordnance and a cce sso rie s..............................
Food and kindred products (including bever
ages) .............................................................
100
16
9,173
157
44.3
.8
73
9
6,666
130
41.9
.8
27
7
2,507
26
52.5
.6
25
906
4.4
17
588
3.7
8
317
6.6
Governm ent........................................................
Federal.............................................................
State and lo c a l................................................
1968
1970
See footnotes at end of table.
404
Table 162. Distribution of national and international unions by industry and affiliation, selected years,
1956-78— Continued
Union affiliation
All unions
Members 2
Year and industry group
Unaffiliated
AFL-CIO
Members 2
N um b er1
Number
(thou
sands)
Percent
N um b er1
Number
(thou
sands)
Members 2
N um ber1
Percent
Number
(thou
sands)
Percent
1970— Continued
Manufacturing— Continued
Tobacco manufacturers...................................
Textile mill products.........................................
Apparel and other finished products made
from fabrics and similar m aterials................
Lumber and wood products, except furniture...
Furniture and fixtures.......................................
Paper and allied products................................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries........
Chemicals and allied products........................
Petroleum refining and related industries........
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products...
Leather and leather products..........................
Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products.......
Primary metals industries.................................
Fabricated metal products, except ordnance,
machinery, and transportation equipm ent....
Machinery, except electrical............................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and sup
p lies..............................................................
Transportation equipm ent................................
Professional scientific and controlling instru
ments; photographic and optical goods;
watches and clocks......................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..........
8
10
38
191
0.2
.9
5
4
37
177
0.2
1.1
3
6
1
14
(3)
.3
16
13
17
20
18
26
12
19
13
22
16
852
215
214
453
370
361
80
272
140
284
788
4.1
1.0
1.0
2.2
1.8
1.7
.4
1.3
.7
1.4
3.8
11
8
13
12
15
19
7
13
10
17
11
836
208
187
391
357
151
69
248
134
234
667
5.3
1.3
1.2
2.5
2.2
.9
.4
1.6
.8
1.5
4.2
5
5
4
8
3
7
5
6
3
5
5
16
7
27
62
13
211
10
23
6
50
120
.3
.1
.6
1.3
.3
4.4
.2
.5
.1
1.0
2.5
33
23
918
550
4.4
2.7
21
16
719
278
4.5
1.7
12
7
198
272
4.2
5.7
19
21
1,034
1,109
5.0
5.4
11
15
793
291
5.0
1.8
8
6
240
818
5.0
17.1
13
43
49
194
.2
.9
6
31
21
147
.1
.9
7
12
28
46
.6
1.0
Nonmanufacturing...................................................
Mining and quarrying (including crude petro
leum and natural gas production).................
Contract construction (building and special
trade)............................................................
Transportation se rv ice s4.................................
Telephone and telegraph................................
Electric, gas, and sanitary services (including
water)............................................................
W holesale and retail trade...............................
Finance, insurance, and real estate.................
Service industries5...........................................
Agriculture and fishing.....................................
Nonmanufacturing (classification not availa
ble) ...............................................................
104
9,198
44.5
73
7,390
46.4
31
1,808
37.9
15
369
1.8
8
154
1.0
7
214
4.5
28
44
10
2,576
2,441
533
12.4
11.8
2.6
21
34
7
2,476
1,425
483
15.6
9.0
3.0
7
10
3
100
1,016
50
2.1
21.3
1.1
17
24
7
48
5
312
1,549
55
1,287
24
1.5
7.5
.3
6.2
.1
12
15
5
31
2
268
1,315
51
1,166
4
1.7
8.3
.3
7.3
(3)
5
9
2
17
3
44
234
4
120
20
4.9
.9
2.1
.5
.4
11
53
.3
6
47
.3
5
6
.1
Governm ent.................... ...... ............................ .
Federal.............................................................
State and lo c a l........... .....................................
60
56
19
2,318
1,370
948
11.2
6.6
4.6
34
31
16
1,860
927
933
11.7
5.8
5.9
26
25
3
458
443
15
9.6
9.3
.3
All unions...................... ...................................
177
20,838
100.0
113
16,451
100.0
64
4,386
100.0
Manufacturing..........................................................
Ordnance and a cce sso ries..............................
Food and kindred products (including bever
ages) .............................................................
Tobacco manufacturers...................................
Textile mill products.........................................
Apparel and other finished products made
from fabrics and similar m aterials................
Lumber and wood products, except furniture...
Furniture and fixtures.......................................
Paper and allied products................................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries........
Chemicals and allied p roducts........................
Petroleum refining and related industries........
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products...
Leather and leather products..........................
Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products.......
98
13
8,920
85
42.8
.4
71
6
6,733
68
40.9
.4
27
7
2,187
16
49.9
.4
22
8
10
933
40
176
4.5
.2
.8
15
5
5
616
38
165
3.7
.2
1.0
7
3
5
318
1
12
7.2
(8)
.3
12
17
15
16
19
23
11
21
15
20
788
228
205
470
353
284
77
270
131
317
3.8
1.1
1.0
2.3
1.7
1.4
.4
1.3
.6
1.5
9
11
11
12
13
18
7
14
775
222
179
433
340
245
66
248
128
277
4.7
1.4
1.1
2.6
2.1
1.5
.4
1.5
.8
1.7
3
6
4
4
6
5
4
7
4
4
13
6
26
37
13
38
11
22
3
40
.3
.1
.6
.8
.3
.9
.3
.5
1972
See footnotes at end of table.
405
1
1
16 |
.1
.9
Table 162. Distribution of national and international unions by industry and affiliation, selected years,
1956-78— Continued
All unions
Union affiliation
M e m b ers2
A F L-C IO
Unaffiliated
Members 2
Year and industry group
N um b er1
Number
(thou
sands)
Percent
N um b er1
Number
(thou
sands)
Members 2
N um b er1
Percent
Number
(thou
sands)
Percent
1972— Continued
Manufacturing— Continued
Primary metals industries................................
Fabricated metal products, except ordnance,
machinery, and transportation equipment....
Machinery, except electrical............................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and sup
p lie s..............................................................
Transportation equipm ent................................
Professional scientific and controlling instru
ments; photographic and optical goods;
watches and clocks......................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.....
16
794
3.8
13
675
4.1
3
119
2.7
27
20
671
608
3.2
2.9
18
13
473
365
2.9
2.2
9
7
198
244
4.5
5.6
17
15
1,052
1,032
5.0
5.0
12
11
817
268
5.0
1.6
5
4
235
764
5.4
17.4
15
40
53
353
.3
1.7
9
31
27
307
.2
1.9
6
9
26
46
.6
1.0
Nonmanufacturing...................................................
Mining and quarrying (including crude petro
leum and natural gas production).................
Contract construction (building and special
trade)............................................................
Transportation se rv ic e s4.................................
Telephone and telegraph................................
Electric, gas, and sanitary services (including
water)...........................................................
W holesale and retail trade...............................
Finance, insurance, and real estate.................
Service industries5...........................................
Agriculture and fishing.....................................
Nonmanufacturing (classification not availa
ble) ...............................................................
104
9,458
45.4
73
7,713
46.9
31
1,745
39.8
15
331
1.6
9
114
.7
6
216
4.9
31
33
8
2,752
2,358
549
13.2
11.3
2.6
21
27
6
2,652
1,375
499
16.1
8.4
3.0
10
6
2
100
983
50
2.3
22.4
1.1
14
23
6
46
9
304
1,284
34
1,649
39
1.5
6.2
.2
7.9
.2
12
14
4
28
5
296
1,024
32
1,547
16
1.8
6.2
.2
9.4
.1
2
9
2
18
4
8
260
2
102
23
.2
5.9
(3)
2.3
.5
15
159
.8
12
157
1.0
3
2
(3)
Governm ent............................................................
Federal.............................................................
State.................................................................
L o c a l................................................................
51
47
10
15
2,460
1,369
270
821
11.8
6.6
1.3
3.9
28
25
8
14
2,006
941
244
821
12.2
5.7
1.5
5.0
23
22
2
1
454
428
26
( 3)
10.4
9.8
.6
(3)
All unions..........................................................
175
21,584
100.0
111
16,879
100.0
64
4,705
100.0
Manufacturing..........................................................
Ordnance and acce ssories..............................
Food and kindred products (including bever
ages) ............................................................
Tobacco manufacturers...................................
Textile mill products.........................................
Apparel and other finished products made
from fabrics and similar m aterials................
Lumber and wood products, except furniture...
Furniture and fixtures.......................................
Paper and allied products................................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries........
Chem icals and allied p rod u cts........................
Petroleum refining and related industries........
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products...
Leather and leather products..........................
Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products.......
Primary metals industries.................................
Fabricated metal products, except ordnance,
machinery, and transportation equipm ent....
Machinery, except ele ctrical............................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and sup
p lie s..............................................................
Transportation equipm ent................................
Professional scientific and controlling instru
ments; photographic and optical goods;
watches and clocks......................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..........
98
14
9,144
102
42.4
.5
70
7
6,746
91
40.0
.5
28
7
2,398
11
51.0
.2
26
6
11
908
43
169
4.2
.2
.8
17
4
6
570
42
158
3.4
.2
19
9
2
5
338
1
11
7.2
(3)
.2
14
18
13
21
19
22
10
24
16
17
14
750
261
220
366
359
268
82
275
128
325
817
3.5
1.2
1.0
1.7
1.7
1.2
.4
1.3
.6
1.5
3.8
11
10
8
16
13
17
7
17
13
14
11
734
254
190
324
339
232
71
248
125
281
691
4.3
1.5
1.1
1.9
2.0
1.4
.4
1.5
.7
1.7
4.1
3
8
5
5
6
5
3
7
3
3
3
16
7
29
41
20
36
11
27
4
43
126
.3
.1
.6
.9
.4
.8
.2
.6
.1
.9
2.7
28
16
726
726
3.4
3.4
19
11
516
425
3.1
2.5
9
5
210
302
4.5
14
16
1,074
1,144
5.0
5.3
10
10
820
319
4.9
1.9
4
6
254
825
5.4
17.5
12
40
65
338
.3
1.6 I
7
30
37
282
.2
1.7
5
10
28
56
.6
1.2
1974
See footnotes at end of table.
406
N> O
6.4
Table 162. Distribution of national and international unions by industry and affiliation, selected years,
1956-78— Continued
Union affiliation
All unions
Members 2
Year and industry group
Unaffiliated
A F L-C IO
Members 2
Members 2
N um ber1
Number
(thou
sands)
Percent
N um ber1
Number
(thou
sands)
N um ber1
Percent
Number
(thou
sands)
Percent
1974— Continued
Nonmanufacturing...................................................
Mining and quarrying (including crude petro
leum and natural gas production).................
Contract construction (building and special
trade)............................................................
Transportation serv ices4.................................
Telephone and telegraph................................
Electric, gas, and sanitary services (including
water)...........................................................
Wholesale and retail trade...............................
Finance, insurance, and real estate.................
Service industries5...........................................
Agriculture and fishing.....................................
Nonmanufacturing (classification not availa
ble) ...............................................................
101
9,520
44.1
73
7,687
45.5
28
1,833
39.0
17
372
1.7
10
141
.8
7
231
4.9
28
37
11
2,738
2,343
672
12.7
10.9
3.1
21
28
9
2,634
1,297
606
15.6
7.7
3.6
7
9
2
103
1,046
65
2.2
22.2
1.4
11
22
5
45
9
243
1,329
32
1,665
36
1.1
6.2
.1
7.7
.2
9
13
4
27
5
234
1,066
31
1,571
18
1.4
6.3
.2
9.3
.1
2
9
1
18
4
8
263
1
94
18
2
5.6
(3)
2.0
.4
7
91
.4
6
88
.5
1
3
.1
Governm ent............................................................
Federal.............................................................
State.................................................................
L o c a l................................................................
64
49
16
20
2,920
1,392
444
1,085
13.5
6.4
2.1
5.0
39
26
13
18
2,447
955
438
1,054
14.5
5.7
2.6
6.2
25
23
3
2
474
437
6
31
10.1
9.3
.1
.7
All u n ion s................................................................
75
21,129
100.0
112
16,657
100.0
63
4,472
100.0
Manufacturing.......................................................
Food and kindred products..............................
Tobacco manufactures....................................
Textile mill products.........................................
Apparel and other finished products made
from fabrics and similar m aterials................
Lumber and wood products, except furniture...
Furniture and fixtures.......................................
Paper and allied products................................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries........
Chemicals and allied products........................
Petroleum refining and related industries........
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products...
Leather and leather products..........................
Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products.......
Primary metal industries..................................
Fabricated metal products, except machin
ery and transportation equipm ent................
Machinery, except electrical............................
Electrical and electronic machinery, equip
ment, and supplies.......................................
Transportation equipm ent................................
Measuring, analyzing, and controlling instru
ments; photographic, medical, and optical
goods; watches and clocks..........................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..........
95
28
6
14
8,568
934
41
166
40.6
4.4
.2
.8
66
19
4
9
6,371
616
40
152
38.3
3.7
.2
.9
29
9
2
5
2,196
318
1
14
49.1
7.1
(3)
.3
19
20
12
23
20
29
14
23
16
21
16
707
266
205
318
356
248
115
283
116
328
789
3.3
1.3
1.0
1.5
1.7
1.2
.5
1.3
.5
1.6
3.7
14
14
9
18
14
18
10
18
13
17
12
690
259
179
280
341
206
104
258
112
288
690
4.1
1.6
1.1
1.7
2.0
1.2
.6
1.6
.7
1.7
4.1
5
6
3
5
6
11
4
5
3
4
4
17
6
26
38
15
41
11
25
3
40
99
30
19
703
713
3.3
3.4
20
11
503
433
3.0
2.6
10
8
200
279
4.5
6.2
14
14
914
1,040
4.3
4.9
8
9
677
296
4.1
1.8
6
5
237
744
5.3
16.6
16
42
65
262
.3
1.2
12
30
39
206
.2
1.2
4
12
26
55
.6
1.2
100
9,549
45.2
75
7,775
46.7
25
1,774
39.7
17
32
37
9
401
2,694
2,330
573
1.9
12.8
11.0
2.7
12
24
32
8
145
2,545
1,332
573
.9
15.3
8.0
3.4
5
8
5
1
256
150
997
(3)
5.7
3.3
22.3
(3)
17
19
9
310
1,314
49
1.5
6.2
.2
302
1,069
48
1,575
27
1.8
6.4
.3
9.5
.2
2
8
1
15
5
8
245
(3)
90
21
.2
5.5
(3)
2.0
.5
159
1.0
2
6
.1
1976
Nonmanufacturing...................................................
Mining and quarrying (including crude petro
leum and natural gas production).................
Construction.....................................................
Transportation4...............................................
Telephone and telegraph.................................
Electric, gas and sanitary services (including
water)...........................................................
Wholesale and retail trade...............................
Finance, insurance, and real estate.................
Service industries5...........................................
Agriculture and fishing.....................................
Nonmanufacturing (classification not availa
ble) ...............................................................
—
—
41
48
.2
15
11
8
28
6
13
165
.8
11
—
See footnotes at end of tables.
407
'
.4
.1
.6
.9
.3
.9
.2
.6
.1
.9
2.2
Table 162. Distribution of national and international unions by industry and affiliation, selected years,
1956-78— Continued
Union affiliation
All unions
Members 1
2
Unaffiliated
A F L-C IO
Members 2
M e m b ers2
Year and industry group
N um ber1
Number
(thou
sands)
Percent
N um ber1
Number
(thou
sands)
N um b er1
Percent
„
Number
(thou
sands)
Percent
1976—Continued
64
52
18
25
3,012
1,301
389
1,322
14.3
6.2
1.8
6.3
39
30
14
19
2,510
927
339
1,245
15.1
5.6
2.0
7.5
25
22
4
6
502
374
50
77
11.2
8.4
1.1
1.7
All un ion s................................................................
74
21,742
100.0
108
16,982
100.0
66
4,760
100.0
Manufacturing..........................................................
Food and kindred products..............................
Tobacco manufactures....................................
Textile mill products.........................................
Apparel and other finished products made
from fabrics and similar m aterials................
Lumber and wood products, except furniture...
Furniture and fixtures.......................................
Paper and allied products................................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries........
Chem icals and allied p rod u cts........................
Petroleum refining and related industries........
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products...
Leather and leather p roducts..........................
Stone, clay, glass, and concrete products......
Primary metal industries..................................
Fabricated metal products, except machin
ery and transportation equipm ent................
Machinery, except electrical............................
Electrical and electronic machinery, equip
ment, and supplies.......................................
Transportation equipm ent................................
Measuring, analyzing, and controlling instru
ments; photographic, medical, and optical
goods; watches and clocks..........................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries..........
94
24
4
11
8,119
595
37
156
37.3
2.7
.2
.7
64
16
3
7
6,119
575
37
149
36.0
3.4
.2
.9
30
8
1
4
2,000
20
(3)
7
42.0
.4
(3)
.1
15
18
10
21
18
25
13
24
15
22
13
683
262
174
389
281
219
77
269
119
293
774
3.1
1.2
.8
1.8
1.3
1.0
.4
1.2
.5
1.3
3.6
11
14
8
17
13
15
10
19
13
19
12
667
260
160
364
270
201
73
253
118
277
688
3.9
1.5
.9
2.1
1.6
1.2
.4
1.5
.7
1.6
4.1
4
4
2
4
5
10
3
5
2
3
1
16
2
14
24
10
18
3
16
1
16
85
.3
( 3)
.3
.5
.2
.4
.1
.3
( 3)
.3
1.8
29
18
613
670
2.8
3.1
19
13
438
411
2.6
2.4
10
5
175
259
3.7
5.4
15
13
715
1,110
3.3
5.1
9
10
492
306
2.9
1.8
6
3
223
804
4.7
16.9
15
43
58
627
.3
2.9
11
31
43
336
.3
2.0
4
12
15
292
.3
6.1
Nonmanufacturing...................................................
Mining and quarrying (including crude petro
leum and natural gas production).................
Construction.....................................................
Transportation..................................................
Telephone and telegraph................................
Electric, gas and sanitary services (including
water)...........................................................
Wholesale and retail trade...............................
Finance, insurance, and real estate.................
Service industries.............................................
Agriculture and fishing.....................................
Nonmanufacturing (classification not availa
ble) ...............................................................
96
9,998
46.0
70
7,811
46.0
26
2,186
45.9
14
29
31
7
428
2,884
1,748
547
2.0
13.3
8.0
2.5
10
23
26
6
149
2,711
1,254
547
.9
16.0
7.4
3.2
4
6
5
1
279
173
494
(3)
5.9
3.6
10.4
15
21
7
50
7
356
1,713
51
1,990
44
1.6
7.9
.2
9.2
.2
14
13
7
29
5
353
1,059
51
1,548
32
2.1
6.2
.3
9.1
.2
1
8
3
654
.1
13.7
—
—
18
2
276
12
5.8
.3
19
402
1.8
15
108
.6
4
294
6.2
62
51
19
24
3,626
1,596
473
1,557
16.7
7.3
2.2
7.2
39
30
17
22
3,052
1,179
412
1,461
18.0
6.9
2.4
8.6
23
21
2
2
574
417
61
96
12.1
8.8
1.3
2.0
Governm ent............................................................
Federal.............................................................
State.................................................................
L o c a l................................................................
1978
Governm ent............................................................
Federal.............................................................
State.................................................................
L o c a l................................................................
1These columns are nonadditive; many unions have membership in more
than one industrial classification.
2 Number of members computed by applying reported percentage figures
to to ta l m e m b e rsh ip , in c lu d in g membership outside continental United
States. A F L-C IO data exclude directly affiliated locals. Total membership,
moreover, may include retired and unemployed workers.
3 Less than 0.05 percent or 500 members.
—
(3)
4 Includes railroads, air, bus, truck, and water transportation; and allied
services.
5 Includes hotels, laundries, and other personal services; repair services,
motion pictures, amusement, and related services; hospitals, educational in
stitutions, and nonprofit membership organizations.
N o t e : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals.
408
Table 163. Membership of national and international unions by geographic area and affiliation,
selected years, 1956-78
All unions
Union affiliation
Members
Year and geographic area
Number
Numbers
(thousands)
A F L-C IO
Percent
Unions
Unaffiliated
Members
(thousands)
Members
(thousands)
Unions
1956
T o ta l1....................................................................
189
18,326
100.0
137
16,753
52
1,573
In the United States............................................................
Outside the United States...................................................
Canada.........................................................................
H aw aii..........................................................................
Puerto R ico...................................................................
A la s k a ..........................................................................
Canal Zon e...................................................................
O th er............................................................................
189
130
116
39
21
45
22
8
17,233
1,092
987
35
45
21
2
2
94.0
6.0
5.4
.2
.2
.1
( 2)
( 2)
137
110
102
35
14
36
18
6
15,813
940
863
10
44
19
2
1
52
20
14
4
7
9
4
2
1,420
153
124
25
1
2
<*')
1
T o ta l1....................................................................
186
17,968
100.0
137
In the United States............................................................
Outside the United States...................................................
Canada.........................................................................
H aw aii..........................................................................
Puerto R ico...................................................................
A la s k a ..........................................................................
Canal Z on e...................................................................
O th er............................................................................
186
134
117
43
28
45
21
10
16,786
1,182
1,052
36
70
19
3
2
93.4
6.6
5.9
.2
.4
.1
( 2)
( 2)
137
111
101
36
22
39
19
6
14,880
49
3,088
13,881
998
897
13
69
16
3
1
49
23
16
7
6
6
2
4
2,904
184
155
24
1
3
( 3)
1
T o ta l1....................................................................
184
18,037
100.0
134
In the United States............................................................
Outside the United States...................................................
Canada.........................................................................
Puerto R ico...................................................................
Canal Z on e...................................................................
O th er................................................. ...........................
184
125
111
32
21
7
16,925
1,112
1,068
38
3
3
14,992
50
3,045
93.8
6.2
5.9
.2
( 2)
( 2)
134
106
96
25
18
5
14,023
969
927
37
3
2
50
19
15
7
3
2
2,901
144
144
1
( 3)
1
T o ta l1....................................................................
181
17,564
100.0
130
14,770
51
2,794
In the United States............................................................
Outside the United States...................................................
Canada.........................................................................
Puerto R ico...................................................................
Canal Z on e...................................................................
O ther...................................... ......................................
181
128
109
38
21
10
16,442
1,122
1,044
62
5
12
93.6
6.4
5.9
.4
( 2)
.1
130
109
96
31
17
7
13,781
989
913
60
5
11
51
19
13
7
4
3
2,661
133
131
2
( 3)
1
T o ta l1....................................................................
189
17,919
100.0
129
15,094
60
2,825
In the United States............................................................
Outside the United States...................................................
Canada.........................................................................
Puerto R ico...................................................................
Canal Z on e...................................................................
O th er............................................................................
189
131
111
49
21
12
16,679
1,240
1,135
92
8
5
93.1
6.9
6.3
.5
( 2)
( 2)
129
107
95
37
18
7
14,002
1,092
992
87
8
4
60
24
16
12
3
5
2,677
148
143
5
( 3)
1
T o ta l1....................................................................
190
19,125
100.0
129
16,142
61
2,983
In the United States............................................................
Outside the United States...................................................
Canada.........................................................................
Puerto R ico...................................................................
Canal Z on e...................................................................
O th er............................................................................
190
128
107
42
17
15
17,770
1,355
1,241
86
13
14
92.9
7.1
6.5
.4
( 2)
( 2)
129
108
94
34
16
10
14,919
1,223
1,121
79
13
10
61
20
13
8
1
5
2,852
131
120
7
•
1958
1960
1962
1964
1966
See footnotes at end of table.
( 3)
4
Table 163. Membership of national and international unions by geographic area and affiliation,
selected years, 1956-76— Continued
All unions
Union affiliation
Members
Year and geographic area
Number
Numbers
(thousands)
A F L-C IO
Percent
Unions
Unaffiliated
Members
(thousands)
Members
(thousands)
Unions
1968
T o ta l1................................................................ :...
189
20,210
100.0
126
15,560
63
4,650
In the United States............................................................
Outside the United States...................................................
Canada.........................................................................
Puerto Rico...................................................................
Canal Zone...................................................................
O th er............................................................................
188
130
111
40
19
18
18,774
1,436
1,342
66
14
14
92.9
7.1
6.6
.3
( 2)
( 2)
126
107
94
31
18
13
14,369
1,192
1,110
58
14
10
62
23
17
9
1
5
4,405
244
232
8
(s)
4
T o ta l1....................................................................
185
20,690
100.0
120
15,916
65
4,773
In the United States............................................................
Outside the United States...................................................
Canada..........................................................................
Puerto R ico...................................................................
Canal Z on e...................................................................
O th er............................................................................
185
127
108
40
19
15
19,220
1,470
1,371
71
16
11
92.9
7.1
6.6
.3
.1
.1
120
102
92
31
17
9
14,696
1,220
1,136
58
16
9
65
25
16
9
2
6
4,524
249
235
13
( 3)
2
T o ta l1....................................................................
117
20,838
100.0
113
16,451
64
4,386
In the United States............................................................
Outside the United States...................................................
Canada..........................................................................
Puerto R ico...................................................................
Canal Z on e...................................................................
O th er............................................................................
117
113
99
41
16
15
19,259
1,579
1,458
85
15
21
92.4
7.6
7.0
.4
.1
.1
113
92
84
31
15
11
15,098
1,353
1,254
65
15
20
64
21
15
10
1
4
4,160
226
205
20
( 3)
1
T o ta l1....................................................................
175
21,585
100.0
111
16,879
64
4,705
In the United States............................................................
Outside the United States...................................................
Canada.........................................................................
Puerto R ico...................................................................
Canal Z on e...................................................................
O th er............................................................................
175
111
98
42
17
19
20,034
1,551
1,444
71
14
22
92.8
7.2
6.7
.3
.1
.1
111
88
81
31
16
14
15,580
1,299
1,203
61
14
21
64
23
17
11
1
5
4,453
252
241
9
( 2)
1
T o ta l1....................................................................
175
21,129
100.0
112
16,657
63
4,472
In the United States............................................................
Outside the United States...................................................
Canada.........................................................................
Puerto R ico...................................................................
Canal Z on e................................... ...............................
O th er............................................................................
175
110
93
40
15
21
19,501
1,628
1,537
62
15
14
92.3
7.7
7.3
.3
.1
.1
112
89
80
29
15
16
15,276
1,381
1,300
52
15
14
63
21
13
11
4,225
247
236
11
T o ta l1 ...................................................................
174
21,742
100.0
108
In the United States............................................................
Outside the United States...................................................
Canada.........................................................................
Puerto R ico...................................................................
Canal Z on e...................................................................
O th er................................... .........................................
174
102
89
33
12
16
20,085
1,656
1,538
100
7
12
92.4
7.6
7.1
.5
( 2)
.1
108
82
75
25
12
12
1970
1972
1974
1976
—
—
—
—
16,982
66
4,760
15,577
1,405
1,296
93
7
10
66
20
14
8
4,509
251
242
7
1978
1 Based on reports from national and international unions that were asked
to report their average dues-paying membership for the period indicated.
Members of Federal labor unions and local industrial unions directly affili
ated with the AFL-CIO are not accounted for in these estimates. Also ex
cluded are members of unaffiliated unions not interstate in scope. Member
ship figures for areas outside the United States were compiled primarily
from union reports to the Bureau. For unions which did not report Canadian
—
4
—
2
membership, data were secured from L a b o u r O rg a n iz a tio n s in C a n a d a , var
ious editions (Ottawa, Canada, Department of Labour, Econom ics and R e
search Branch).
2 Less than 0.05 percent.
3 Less than 500 members.
Note : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
Table 164. Membership of national and international labor unions, selected years, 1933-781
American Federation of Labor
All unions total
membership (thousands)
Number of
affiliated
unions
Total
membership
(thousands)
Congress of Industrial
Organizations
Number of
affiliated
unions
Total
membership
(thousands)
_
_
—
—
Independent or
unaffiliated national
unions total
m em bership2
(thousands)
1933..
1934..
1938..
1939..
2,857
3,728
8,265
8,960
108
109
102
104
2,127
3,045
3,623
4,006
42
45
4,038
4,000
730
683
604
974
1940..
1941 ..
1942..
1943..
1944..
8,944
10,489
10,762
13,642
14,621
105
106
102
99
100
4,247
4,569
5,483
6,564
6,807
42
41
39
40
41
3,625
5,000
4,195
5,285
5,935
1,072
920
1,084
1,793
1,879
1945..
1946..
1947..
1948 3
1949 3
14,796
14,974
15,414
14,000-16,000
14,000-16,000
102
102
105
105
107
6,931
7,152
7,578
7,221
7,241
40
40
40
40
39
6,000
6,000
6,000
( 4)
( 4)
1,865
1,822
1,836
2,200-2,500
2,000-2,300
1950 3
1951 3
1952 3
1953..
1954..
14,000-16,000
16,500-17,000
16,500-17,000
17,860
17,955
107
108
109
110
109
7,143
9,500
9,500
10,778
10,929
30
33
33
35
32
(4)
5,000
5,000
5,252
4 5,200
2,400-2,800
2,000-2,500
2,000-2,500
1,830
1,826
All unions total
membership (thousands)
American Federation of LaborCongress of Industrial
Organizations5
Number of
affiliated
unions
Total
membership
(thousands)
Independent
or unaffiliated
national
unions total
membership2
(thousands)
1955
1956
1957
1958
1959
17,749
18,477
18,431
18,081
18,169
139
137
139
137
135
16,062
16,904
16,954
14,993
15,124
1,688
1,573
1,476
3,088
3,044
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
18,117
17,328
17,630
17,586
17,976
134
131
130
130
129
15,072
14,572
14,835
14,818
15,150
3,045
2,756
2,794
2,768
2,825
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
18,519
19,181
19,712
20,258
20,382
128
129
128
126
120
15,604
16,198
16,638
15,608
15,642
2,915
2,983
3,074
4,650
4,740
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
20,752
20,582
20,893
21,294
21,643
120
115
113
112
111
15,978
16,183
16,507
16,726
16,938
4,773
4,399
4,386
4,568
4,705
1975
1976
1977
1978
21,090
21,171
21,233
21,784
112
112
108
108
16,655
16,699
16,610
17,024
4,434
4,472
4,623
4,760
Includes members outside of the United States, primarily in Canada.
Excludes members of single-firm and local unaffiliated unions.
Data for “Total Membership" estimated.
Not available.
The A F L and CIO federations were merged in 1955.
Table 165. Union membership as a proportion of the labor force, 1930-78
'
Total union
membership
Year
Canadian
union
membership
Total union
membership
exclusive of
Canada 1
Membership exclusive of Canada as a percentage of—
Number
(thousands)
In thousands
Employees in nonagricultural
establishments
Total labor force
Number
(thousands)
Percent
Percent
1930...................................................
1931.............................................;.....
1932...................................................
1933...................................................
1934...................................................
3,632
3,526
3,226
2,857
3,249
231
216
176
168
161
3,401
3,310
3,050
2,689
3,088
50,080
50,680
51,250
51,840
52,490
6.8
6.5
6.0
5.2
5.9
29,424
26,649
23,628
23,711
25,953
11.6
12.4
12.9
11.3
11.9
1935...................................................
1936...................................................
1937...................................................
1938...................................................
1939...................................................
3,728
4,164
7,218
8,265
8,980
144
175
217
231
217
3,584
3,989
7,001
8,034
8,763
53,140
53,740
54,320
54,950
55,600
6.7
7.4
12.9
14.6
15.8
27,053
29,082
31,026
29,209
30,618
13.2
13.7
22.6
27.5
28.6
1940...................................................
1941................................................ .
1942...................................................
1943...................................................
1944...................................................
8,944
10,489
10,762
13,642
14,621
227
288
382
429
475
8,717
10,201
10,380
13,213
14,146
56,180
57,530
60,380
64,560
66,040
15.5
17.7
17.2
20.5
21.4
32,376
36,554
40,125
42,452
41,883
26.9
27.9
25.9
31.1
33.8
1945...................................................
1946...................................................
1947...................................................
1948...................................................
1949...................................................
14,796
14,974
15,414
2 15,000
2 15,000
474
579
627
681
718
14,322
14,395
14,787
14,319
14,282
65,300
60,970
61,758
62,080
62,903
21.9
23.6
23.9
23.1
22.7
40,394
41,674
43,881
44,891
43,778
35.5
34.5
33.7
31.9
32.6
1950...................................................
1951.....................................................
1952.....................................................
1953...................................................
1954...................................................
2 15,000
3 16,750
3 16,750
17,860
17,955
733
804
858
912
933
14,267
15,946
15,892
16,948
17,022
63,858
65,117
65,730
66,560
66,993
22.3
24.5
24.2
25.5
25.4
45,222
47,849
48,825
50,232
49,022
31.5
33.3
32.5
33.7
34.7
1955...................................................
1956...................................................
1957...................................................
1958...................................................
1959...................................................
17,749
18,477
18,431
18,081
18,169
947
987
1,062
1,052
1,052
16,802
17,490
17,369
17,029
17,117
68,077
69,409
69,729
70,275
70,921
24.7
25.2
24.9
24.2
24.1
50,675
52,408
52,894
51,363
53,313
33.2
33.4
32.8
33.2
32.1
1960...................................................
1961...................................................
1962...................................................
1963...................................................
1964...................................................
18,117
17,328
17,630
17,586
17,976
1,068
1,025
1,044
1,062
1,135
17,049
' 16,303
16,586
16,524
16,841
72,142
73,031
73,442
74,571
75,830
23.6
22.3
22.6
22.2
22.2
54,234
54,042
55,596
56,702
58,331
3iA
30.2
29.8
29.1
28.9
1965................................................. .
1966...................................................
1967...................................................
1968...................................................
1969...................................................
18,519
19,181
19,712
20,258
20,382
1,220
1,241
1,345
1,342
1,346
17,299
17,940
18,367
18,916
19,036
77,178
78,893
80,793
82,272
84,240
22.4
22.7
22.7
23.0
22.6
60,815
63,955
65,857
67,951
70,442
28.4
28.1
27.9
27.8
27.0
1970...................................................
1971...................................................
1972...................................................
1973...................................................
1974...................................................
20,751
20,582
20,893
21,294
21,643
1,371
1,371
1,458
1,443
1,444
19,381
19,211
19,435
19,851
20,199
85,903
86,929
88,991
91,040
93,240
22.6
22.1
21.8
21.8
21.8
70,920
71,222
73,714
76,896
78,413
27.3
27.0
26.4
25.8
25.8
1975...................................................
1976...................................................
1977...................................................
1978.................................................. .
21,090
21,171
21,233
21,784
1,479
1,537
1,538
1,538
19,611
19,634
19,695
20,246
94,793
96,917
99,534
102,537
20.7
20.3
19.8
19.7
76,945
79,382
79,382
85,763
25.5
24.7
24.8
23.6
1 includes a relatively small number of trade union members in areas outside the United States. This figure was 105,000 in 1964.
2 Midpoint of range 14,000,000 to 16,000,000.
* Midpoint of range 16,500,000 to 17,000,000.
412
of national unions and employee associations by State,
Total union ar
Total union membership
1970
1974
1972
1978
1976
1970
1972
19,757
19,789
20,566
19,874
20,459
21,852
22,239
,306
204
25
96
95
2,137
204
28
107
96
2,089
223
32
118
108
229
50
117
257
43
102
2,212
2,148
109
2,184
228
32
117
104
2,477
225
37
141
103
2,495
329
53
159
128
,659
152
290
48
299
251
156
310
47
354
231
181
317
47
354
264
175
309
49
365
261
172
296
52
367
271
186
329
55
348
273
195
370
54
411
251
205
356
59
415
314
82
38
1,548
657
186
115
39
1,526
647
187
121
40
1,584
670
129
41
1,451
621
192
120
47
1,497
643
89
46
1,613
694
216
123
51
1,618
134
63
,590
700
250
212
122
212
686
226
112
110
110
250
193
61
463
246
189
64
442
269
194
59
462
125
275
213
67
440
117
274
227
74
458
143
293
138
284
201
202
73
499
89
510
144
311
240
100
546
573
1,195
378
76
594
590
1,161
383
79
551
579
1,255
375
84
575
570
1,165
385
87
572
611
1,223
411
103
578
616
1,307
420
86
624
638
1,288
427
88
577
692
,362
464
122
598
60
86
66
45
768
65
87
74
47
776
60
83
71
46
786
60
87
69
43
697
67
92
80
48
683
69
76
101
102
74
55
815
85
58
873
83
116
95
61
810
43
2,555
137
28
1,413
43
2,540
139
29
1,369
51
2,693
140
29
1,389
73
2,515
141
26
1,289
54
2,753
147
34
1,294
55
2,876
167
35
1,509
56
2,894
192
33
1,482
66
,877
242
45
,472
138
232
1,595
108
76
143
260
1,741
96
98
144
262
1,805
107
103
177
296
,741
124
218
1,617
89
81
129
132
126
215
222
221
1,671
97
83
1,695
82
1,642
114
68
23
295
567
65
28
288
563
62
30
24
303
575
68
33
26
312
572
94
31
27
300
570
104
34
.34
358
698
103
43
252
453
232
506
25
258
496
226
522
28
277
489
242
510
27
272
477
244
499
30
311
547
248
573
37
133
60
108
180
61
21
22
274
523
75
24
267
525
76
27
245
434
243
421
101
221
222
482
19
469
22
247
438
218
490
25
108
177
146
21
119
101
Table 166. Distribution of national unions and employee associations by State, selected years,
1970-78—Continued
[Membership in thousands]
State
Union membership as a percent of nonagricultural
employment
1970
1972
1974
1976
Union and association membership as a percent of
nonagricultural employment
1978
1970
1974
1972
1976
1978
All States................................
27.9
26.9
26.3
25.0
23.6
30.8
30.2
29.9
29.1
26.9
A lab am a1......................................
A la s k a ............................................
A rizo n a 1.........................................
A rk a n sa s1.....................................
California.......................................
20.2
26.9
17.5
17.7
30.8
19.2
27.6
16.6
16.4
28.9
19.1
26.4
16.0
16.8
28.2
19.0
29.1
15.4
15.5
26.3
19.2
26.2
13.8
15.0
23.7
22.6
34.4
21.4
19.4
35.7
21.2
35.5
21.9
17.7
34.5
23.9
37.2
21.1
18.1
33.3
24.0
36.0
20.6
18.5
32.2
24.6
32.3
18.0
17.6
28.8
C o lo rad o .......................................
Connecticut..................................
Delaware.......................................
F lo rid a 1......................................... .
G e o rg ia 1.......................................
20.5
24.2
22.5
13.9
16.1
18.9
26.1
20.3
14.7
13.9
18.9
25.1
20.1
12.5
14.5
17.4
24.9
20.8
13.1
14.2
15.2
21.9
21.1
11.7
13.6
25.0
27.5
25.8
16.2
17.5
23.7
31.2
23.2
17.1
15.0
23.0
30.3
23.5
14.7
15.8
21.7
30.3
24.2
14.8
17.0
18.1
26.4
23.9
13.2
15.8
Hawaii............................................
Idaho.............................................
Illinois............................................
Indiana..........................................
Iow a1..............................................
27.9
18.3
35.8
35.5
21.1
37.0
17.0
35.633.9
20.0
36.2
15 5
34.9
33.2
21.2
37.0
14.1
32.2
30.7
18.5
32.1
14.3
31.5
29.3
19.2
30.3
22.1
37.3
37.5
24.5
39.9
22.2
37.8
36.0
24.3
38.7
20.6
37.1
36.2
25.1
40.1
20.6
34.3
33.4
22.3
35.8
19.1
33.4
31.9
22.6
Kansas 1.........................................
Kentucky........................................
Louisiana 1....................................
M a in e ............................................
M aryland/D.C................................
16.5
27.5
18.7
18.4
22.8
15.4
24.9
16.9
19.1
21.7
14.1
25.1
16.3
16.2
21.6
15.0
24.7
16.2
17.9
21.2
12.8
22.4
16.0
18.3
21.0
21.1
32.2
19.4
22.0
24.5
19.3
28.7
18.0
26.5
25.0
17.5
28.9
17.7
22.8
25.5
18.6
28.0
17.6
24.5
25.4
15.8
25.4
16.9
24.7
25.0
M assachusetts...............................
Michigan.........................................
M innesota......................................
M ississip p i1...................................
Missouri..........................................
25.3
39.8
28.7
13.2
35.7
26.0
38.4
28.3
12.6
32.9
24.4
38.4
25.3
12.0
32.3
24.6
32.7
25.3
12.0
31.8
24.4
34.6
24.4
12.7
30.0
27.2
43.5
31.9
14.9
37.5
28.1
42.6
31.6
14.0
34.5
26.6
42.4
28.3
13.3
33.4
28.1
36.6
28.7
13.2
33.0
27.7
38.5
27.6
15.0
31.0
Montana.........................................
N eb raska1.....................................
N e v a d a 1........................................
New H am pshire.............................
New Jersey....................................
29.8
17.8
32.5
17.3
29.4
30.7
17.0
33.6
17.2
29.1
25.7
15.1
27.4
15.1
28.2
23.9
15.2
24.6
13.7
25.3
24.1
15.3
22.9
13.3
23.0
34.3
21.0
36.5
21.2
31.2
35.8
20.0
38.3
21.2
32.7
31.1
17.8
31.4
19.0
32.3
28.3
19.4
27.5
17.9
29.9
29.9
19.3
27.1
16.9
27.3
New M exico...................................
New Y o rk .......................................
North C aro lin a1..............................
North D ako ta1................................
O hio...............................................
14.7
35.7
7.7
17.2
36.4
13.2
36.2
7.5
16.1
34.8
14.1
38.0
6.9
15.1
33.2
18.7
37.1
6.8
12.1
31.5
12.1
39.2
6.5
14.7
29.5
18.8
40.2
9.4
21.4
38.9
17.1
41.2
10.4
18.8
37.7
17.6
45.4
9.8
19.7
36.4
22.1
44.8
11.1
17.7
35.8
14.8
41.0
10.7
19.4
33.6
O klahom a......................................
O regon...........................................
Pennsylvania.................................
Rhode Island.................................
South C a ro lin a 1.............................
16.3
30.7
37.2
25.9
9.6
16.0
27.9
38.2
27.3
9.0
15.0
26.5
37.5
27.3
8.0
13.5
25.1
36.4
31.1
6.6
13.5
23.1
34.2
27.1
6.7
18.8
36.7
40.0
27.9
11.6
17.8
33.8
41.3
29.9
11.3
16.8
32.2
40.9
30.3
10.3
17.3
31.3
39.7
34.1
9.1
17.3
29.5
37.3
29.9
8.9
South D ako ta1...............................
T e n n e sse e 1...................................
T e x a s 1...........................................
U ta h 1..............................................
Verm ont.........................................
12.0
20.6
14.4
20.9
16.2
11.8
18.4
13.5
19.4
17.7
11.0
18.7
13.0
14.9
17.7
9.6
18.3
12.0
13.4
17.9
10.3
17.7
11.0
13.0
17.5
14.9
23.5
15.8
26.2
21.0
14.2
20.7
14.7
26.2
22.3
15.1
20.9
14.2
21.5
23.2
13.2
21.7
14.8
19.9
23.2
14.7
21.0
13.3
19.6
22.8
V irginia1.........................................
Washington....................................
W est Virginia..................................
W isco nsin......................................
Wyoming 1.................................. .
16.1
40.2
42.8
31.5
17.4
15.5
38.3
41.3
29.7
18.5
13.8
36.7
38.2
28.7
18.2
13.6
35.6
38.9
29.4
15.9
12.7
33.1
36.8
27.8
14.9
18.2
45.3
46.8
33.3
24.8
17.3
43.4
45.4
31.7
25.2
16.1
40.6
41.9
32.1
24.3
16.7
39.7
42.6
32.3
21.7
15.3
36.5
40.4
30.5
19.7
Not distributed by S tate.................
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Right-to-work State.
Table 167. Work stoppages in the United States, 1930-791
[Worker and days idle in thousands]
Days idle during year
Stoppages beginning in year
Year
Number
Average
duration
(calendar
d ays)1
3
*
Workers involved3
Number
Percent of
total
em ployed4
Number
(thousands)
Percent of
estimated total
working tim e 4
Per worker
involved
18.1
20.2
32.4
14.4
13.4
1930...................................................
1931...................................................
1932...................................................
1933..................... .............................
1934...................................................
637
810
841
1,695
1,856
22.3
18.8
19.6
16.9
19.5
183
342
324
1,170
1,470
0.8
1.6
1.8
6.3
7.2
3,320
6,890
10,500
16,900
19,600
1935...................................................
1936...................................................
1937...................................................
1938...................................................
1939...................................................
2,014
2,172
4,740
2,772
2,613
23.8
23.3
20.3
23.6
23.4
1,120
789
1,860
688
1,170
5.2
3.1
7.2
2.8
3.5
15,500
13,900
28,400
9,150
17,800
( 5)
( 5)
( 5)
( 5)
0.21
13.8
17.3
15.6
13.3
15.2
1940...................................................
1941...................................................
1942...................................................
1943...................................................
1944...................................................
2,508
4,288
2,968
3,752
4,956
20.9
18.3
11.7
5.0
5.6
577
2,360
840
1,980
2,120
1.7
6.1
2.0
4.6
4.8
6,700
23,000
4,180
13,500
8,720
.08
.23
.04
.10
.07
11.6
9.8
5.0
6.8
4.1
1945...................................................
1946...................................................
1947...................................................
1948...................................................
1949...................................................
4,750
4,985
3,693
3,419
3,606
9.9
24.2
25.6
21.8
22.5
3,470
4,600
2,170
1,960
3,030
8.2
10.5
4.7
4.2
6.7
38,000
116,000
34,600
34,100
50,500
.31
1.04
.30
.28
.44
11.0
25.2
15.9
71.4
16.7
1950...................................................
1951...................................................
1952...................................................
1953...................................................
1954...................................................
4,843
4,737
5,117
5,091
3,468
19.2
17.4
19.6
20.3
22.5
2,410
2,220
3,540
2,400
1,530
5.1
4.5
7.3
4.7
3.1
38,800
22,900
59,100
28,300
22,600
.33
.18
.48
.22
.18
16.1
10.3
16.7
11.8
14.7
1955...................................................
1956...................................................
1957...................................................
1958...................................................
1959...................................................
4,320
3,825
3,673
3,694
3,708
18.5
18.9
19.2
19.7
24.6
2,650
1,900
1,390
2,060
1,880
5.2
3.6
2.6
3.9
3.3
28,200
33,100
16,500
23,900
69,000
.22
.24
.12
.18
.50
10.7
17.4
11.4
11.6
36.7
1960................................................
1961...................................................
1962...................................................
1963...................................................
1964...................................................
3,333
3,367
3,614
3,362
3,655
23.4
23.7
24.6
23.0
22.9
1,320
1,450
1,230
941
1,640
2.4
2.6
2.2
1.1
2.7
19,100
16,300
18,600
16,100
22,900
.14
.11
.13
.11
.15
14.5
11.2
15.0
17.1
14.0
1965................................................. .
1966...................................................
1967...................................................
1968...................................................
1969...................................................
3,963
4,405
4,595
5,045
5,700
25.0
22.2
22.8
24.5
22.5
1,550
1,960
2,870
2,649
2,481
2.5
3.0
4.3
3.8
3.5
23,300
25,400
42,100
49,018
42,869
.15
.15
.25
.28
.24
15.1
12.9
147
18.5
17.3
1970...................................................
1971...................................................
1972...................................................
1973...................................................
1974...................................................
5,716
5,138
5,010
5,353
6,074
25.0
27.0
24.0
24.0
27.1
3,305
3,280
1,714
2,251
2,778
4.7
4.6
2.3
2.9
3.5
66,414
47,589
27,066
27,948
47,991
.37
.26
.15
.14
.24
20.1
14.5
15.8
12.4
17.3
1975...................................................
1976...................................................
1977...................................................
1978...................................................
1979p.................................................
5,031
5,648
5,506
4,230
4,800
26.8
28.0
29.3
33.2
—
1,746
2,420
2,040
1,623
1,700
2.2
3.0
2.8
1.9
1.6
31,237
37,859
35,822
36,922
33,000
.16
.19
.17
.17
.15
17.9
15.6
17.6
22.8
19.4
1The number of stoppages and workers relate to those stoppages begin
ning in the year; average duration, not computed until 1927, relates to stop
pages ending in the year. Days of idleness, also not obtained until 1927,
includes all stoppages in effect.
3 The number of workers involved in some strikes which occurred be
tween 1916 and 1926 is not known. However, the missing information is for
the smaller disputes and it is believed that the total given is fairly accurate.
In these tables, workers are counted more than once if they were in
volved in more than 1 stoppage during the year.
3 Figures are simple averages; each stoppage is given equal weight re
gardless of its size.
AAC.
( 5)
( 5)
( 5>
( 5)
( 5)
4
Agricultural and government employees are included in the total em
ployed and total working time; private household, forestry, and fishery em
ployees are excluded. An explanation of the measurement of idleness as a
percentage of the total employed labor force and of the total time worked is
found in “Total Economy Measure of Strike Idleness,” M o n t h ly L a b o r
R e v ie w , Oct. 1968.
9 No information.
p=preliminary.
Table 168. Work stoppages by size of stoppage, 1969-78
[W
orkers and days idle in thousands]
Stoppages beginning in year
Size of stoppage
(number of workers involved)
Workers involved
Num
ber
Per
cent
Per
cent
Num
ber
Days idle during
year (all
stoppages)
Number
Per
cent
Stoppages beginning in year
Workers involved
Num
ber
Per
cent
1969
Number
Days idle during
year (all
stoppages)
Per
cent
Number
Per
cent
1970
All s ize s ....................................
5,700
100.0
2,481.0
100.0
42,869.0
100.0
5,716
100.0
3,305.0
100.0
66,414.0
100.0
6 and under 2 0 ...............................
20 and under 1 0 0 ............................
100 and under 2 5 0 ..........................
250 and under 5 0 0..........................
500 and under 1,000.......................
1,000 and under 5,000....................
5,000 and under 10,000..................
10,000 and over...............................
707
2,005
1,335
771
470
352
35
25
12.4
35.2
23.4
13.5
8.2
6.2
.6
.4
8.5
100.5
211.1
264.8
320.7
662.7
244.9
668.2
0.3
4.0
8.5
10.7
12.9
26.7
9.9
26.9
158.1
1,717.1
3,273.9
3,909.0
4,414.7
7,997.2
3,546.0
17,853.4
0.4
4.0
7.6
9.1
10.3
18.7
8.3
41.6
769
2,138
1,316
725
387
316
31
34
13.5
37.4
23.0
12.7
6.8
5.5
.5
.6
9.2
107.9
207.5
248.1
264.9
605.7
209.0
1,652.9
0.3
3.3
6.3
7.5
8.0
18.3
6.3
50.0
185.3
2,083.6
3,309.0
3,640.4
4,434.2
10,835.9
6,485.5
35,440.0
0.3
3.1
5.0
5.5
6.7
16.3
9.8
53.4
1971
1972
All s iz e s ....................................
5,138
100.0
3,280
100.0
47,589
100.0
5,010
100.0
1,713.6
100.0
27,066.4
100.0
6 and under 2 0 ................................
20 and under 1 00............................
100 and under 2 5 0 ..........................
250 and under 5 0 0 ..........................
500 and under 1,000.......................
1,000 and under 5,000....................
5,000 and under 10,000..................
10,000 and over...............................
673
1,943
1,194
701
329
241
26
29
13.1
37.8
23.2
13.6
6.4
4.7
.5
.6
8.2
96.8
189.1
243.8
225.9
450.5
163.8
1,901.4
0.3
3.0
5.8
7.4
6.9
13.7
5.0
58.0
185.3
1,992.2
3,071.0
3,596.9
3,206.2
8,875.2
3,509.9
23,152.4
0.4
4.2
6.5
7.6
6.7
18.6
7.4
48.7
670
1,873
1,223
687
307
209
23
18
13.4
37.4
24.4
13.7
6.1
4.2
.5
.4
8.2
94.0
195.1
235.4
206.2
424.6
160.3
389.8
0.5
5.5
11.4
13.7
12.0
24.8
9.4
22.7
186.6
1,690.6
2,679.1
2,781.0
2,965.2
6,604.2
2,660.9
7,498.7
0.7
6.2
9.9
10.3
11.0
24.4
9.8
27.7
1973
1974
All s ize s ....................................
5,353
100.0
2,250.7
100.0
27,948.4
100.0
6,074
100.0
2,777.7
100.0
47,990.9
100.0
6 and under 2 0 ................................
20 and under 1 0 0............................
100 and under 2 5 0 ..........................
250 and under 5 0 0 ..........................
500 and under 1,000.......................
1,000 and under 5,000....................
5,000 and under 10,000..................
10,000 and over...............................
583
1,934
1,354
817
348
271
21
25
10.9
36.1
25.3
15.3
6.5
5.1
.4
.5
7.1
100.0
220.6
282.3
240.8
553.8
132.5
713.5
0.3
4.4
9.8
12.5
10.7
24.6
5.9
31.7
163.1
1,872.9
2,975.2
3,323.7
3,354.0
9,300.2
897.3
6,062.0
0.6
6.7
10.6
11.9
12.0
33.3
3.2
21.7
592
2,128
1,581
923
426
355
42
27
9.7
35.0
26.0
15.2
7.0
5.8
.7
.4
7.3
110.1
251.2
320.5
292.9
682.6
277.4
835.7
0.3
4.0
9.0
11.5
10.5
24.6
10.0
30.1
189.2
2,102.7
4,342.4
4,493.8
5,053.7
12,896.5
5,998.3
12,914.3
0.4
4.4
9.0
9.4
10.5
26.9
12.5
26.9
1975
1976
All s iz e s ....................................
5,031
100.0
1,745.6
100.0
31,237.0
100.0
5,648
100.0
2,420
100.0
37,859
100.0
6 and under 2 0 ................................
20 and under 100............................
100 and under 2 5 0..........................
250 and under 5 0 0 ..........................
500 and under 1,000.......................
1,000 and under 5,000....................
5,000 and under 10,000..................
10,000 and over...............................
614
1,882
1,236
743
321
198
17
20
12.2
37.4
24.6
14.8
6.4
3.9
.3
.4
7.7
98.0
197.3
259.6
218.3
382.3
108.3
474.0
.4
5.6
11.3
14.9
12.5
21.9
6.2
27.2
178.5
1,919.3
3,157.5
3,716.8
4,701.5
7,268.1
2,813.1
7,482.0
0.6
6.1
10.1
11.9
15.1
23.3
9.0
24.0
661
2,068
1,425
900
363
188
20
23
11.7
36.6
25.2
15.9
6.4
3.3
.4
.4
8
104
229
316
244
357
132
1,030
.03
4.3
9.5
13.1
10.1
14.7
5.4
42.6
193
2,304
3,740
4,017
3,643
7,094
2,825
14,043
0.5
6.1
9.9
10.6
9.6
18.7
7.5
37.1
1977
1978
All s ize s ....................................
5,506
100.0
2,040.1
100.0
35,821.8
100.0
4,230
100.0
1,622.6
100.0
36,921.5
100.0
6 and under 2 0 ...............................
20 and under 1 0 0 ............................
100 and under 2 5 0 ..........................
250 and under 5 0 0..........................
500 and under 1,000.......................
1,000 and under 5,000....................
5,000 and under 10,000..................
10,000 and over...............................
700
2,141
1,270
707
390
252
28
18
12.7
38.9
23.1
12.8
7.1
4.6
.5
.3
8.4
109.9
200.0
249.3
260.6
495.4
185.8
530.7
.4
5.4
9.8
12.2
12.8
24.3
9.1
26.0
203.7
2,274.4
3,935.0
3,942.2
4,208.4
8,681.7
2,690.7
9,885.6
.6
6.3
11.0
11.0
11.7
24.2
7.5
27.6
568
1,619
991
571
262
192
16
11
13.4
38.3
23.4
13.5
6.2
4.5
.4
.3
7.1
82.8
156.1
196.9
173.5
375.7
104.1
526.5
0.4
5.1
9.6
12.1
10.7
23.2
6.4
32.4
201.9
1,801.0
3,344.0
3,986.1
3,814.3
7,483.6
2,753.3
13,537.3
0.5
4.9
9.1
10.8
10.3
20.3
7.5
36.7
N o t e : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals.
Table 169. Duration of work stoppages ending in 1969-781
[W
orkers and days idle in thousands]
Stoppages
Duration (calendar days)
Num
ber
Per
cent
Per
cent
Num
ber
Stoppages
Days idle
Workers involved
Number
Per
cent
Num
ber
Per
cent
Workers involved
Per
cent
Number
Days idle
Number
Per
cent
1970
1969
All periods................................
5,690
100.0
2,632.0
100.0
37,312.0
100.0
5,664
100.0
3,072.0
100.0
51,721.0
100.0
1 d a y ...............................................
2 and less than 4 d a y s...................
4 and less than 7 d a y s ...................
7 and less than 15 d a y s.................
15 and less than 30 d ays................
30 and less than 60 d ays............... .
60 and less than 90 d ays................
90 days and over.............................
726
807
756
1,111
952
792
272
274
12.8
14.2
13.4
19.5
16.7
13.9
4.7
4.8
237.2
300.7
324.4
415.7
383.8
372.2
139.7
188.3
10.0
12.7
13.7
17.6
16.3
15.7
5.9
8.0
237.2
596.2
1,038.3
2,651.6
5,196.4
10,154.3
6,235.6
11,202.7
.7
1.6
2.6
7.0
14.1
27.2
16.8
30.1
743
692
739
1,024
966
807
359
334
13.1
12.2
13.0
18.1
17.1
14.2
6.3
5.9
685.6
261.1
376.3
445.1
390.9
417.9
173.0
322.2
22.3
8.5
12.2
14.5
12.7
13.6
5.6
10.5
685.6
548.8
1,265.7
2,563.5
5,433.9
10,302.5
8,128.0
22,792.8
1.3
1.1
2.4
5.0
10.5
19.9
15.7
44.1
1972
1971
All periods................................
5,152
100.0
3,287.1
100.0
62,266.4
100.0
5,065
100.0
1,763.6
100.0
31,575.4
100.0
1 d a y ...............................................
2 and less than 4 d a y s ...................
4 and less than 7 d a y s...................
7 and less than 15 d a y s.................
15 and less than 30 d ays................
30 and less than 60 d ays................
60 and less than 90 d ays................
90 days and over............................
673
688
642
886
788
735
365
375
13.1
13.4
12.5
17.2
15.3
14.2
7.1
7.3
185.3
768.7
251.8
740.8
614.0
397.0
176.6
152.8
5.6
23.4
7.7
22.5
18.7
12.1
5.4
4.6
185.3
1,373.6
895.1
4,099.2
7,191.8
11,143.9
7,582.4
29,795.1
.3
2.2
1.4
6.6
11.6
17.9
12.2
47.8
789
836
645
892
682
640
268
313
15.6
16.5
12.7
17.6
13.5
12.6
5.3
6.2
198.5
271.5
223.0
308.3
290.9
232.1
90.4
148.7
11.3
15.4
12.6
17.5
16.5
13.2
5.1
8.4
198.5
542.3
722.1
1,852.9
3,573.9
5,709.0
3,479.3
15,497.2
.6
1.7
2.3
5.9
11.3
18.1
11.0
49.1
1974
1973
All periods................................
5,320
100.0
2,247.6
100.0
27,187.3
100.0
6,031
100.0
2,795.0
100.0
49,881.0
100.0
1 d a y ...............................................
and less than 4 d a y s...................
4 and less than 7 d a y s...................
7 and less than 15 d a y s..................
15 and less than 30 d ays................
30 and less than 60 d ays................
60 and less than 90 d ays................
90 days and over.............................
833
793
657
950
851
666
261
309
15.7
14.9
12.3
17.9
16.0
12.5
4.9
5.8
275.5
287.9
395.2
491.1
416.8
199.9
91.5
89.8
12.3
12.8
17.6
21.8
18.5
8.9
4.1
4.0
275.5
589.4
1,070.4
2,971.6
5,281.5
5,829.3
3,888.1
7,281.6
1.0
2.2
3.9
10.9
19.4
21.4
14.3
26.8
818
684
625
1,093
1,055
1,011
351
394
13.6
11.3
10.4
18.1
17.5
16.8
5.8
6.5
215.6
218.6
257.6
656.3
481.1
722.3
120.6
122.8
7.7
7.8
9.2
23.5
17.2
25.8
4.3
4.4
215.6
429.0
914.3
4,431.3
7,286.6
18,668.7
5,901.2
12,034.2
.4
.9
10.8
8.9
14.6
,37.4
11.8
24.1
2
1976
1975
All periods................................
4,998
100.0
1,731.8
100.0
29,604.3
100.0
5,654
100.0
2,421.1
100.0
38,106.6
100.0
1 d a y ...............................................
2 and less than 4 d a y s...................
4 and less than 7 d a y s...................
7 and less than 15 d ay s..................
15 and less than 30 d ays................
30 and less than 60 d ays................
60 and less than 90 d ays................
90 days and over.............................
936
652
521
739
730
742
325
353
18.7
13.0
10.4
14.8
14.6
14.8
6.5
7.1
223.3
217.0
161.2
266.3
348.4
279.3
81.5
154.9
12.9
12.5
9.3
15.4
20.1
16.1
4.7
8.9
223.3
411.9
497.1
1,776.5
3,892.9
6,376.3
3,880.6
12,545.5
.8
1.4
1.7
6.0
13.1
21.5
13.1
42.4
1,113
672
564
893
842
769
370
431
19.7
11.9
10.0
15.8
14.9
13.6
6.5
7.6
342.0
464.4
227.4
332.1
308.6
321.3
265.3
160.0
14.1
19.2
9.4
13.7
12.7
13.3
11.0
6.6
342.0
995.3
682.0
2,253.6
3,682.6
6,857.2
8,501.1
14,792.6
.9
2.6
1.8
5.9
9.7
18.0
22.3
38.8
1977
1978
All periods................................
5,535
100.0
1,860.0
100.0
31,904.6
100.0
4,250
100.0
1,779.8
100.0
39,751.9
100.0
1 d a y ...............................................
2 and less than 4 d a y s...................
4 and less than 7 d a y s ....................
7 and less than 15 d a y s..................
15 and less than 30 d ays................
30 and less than 60 d ays............... .
60 and less than 90 d ays............... .
90 days and over.............................
730
617
549
975
1,014
885
350
415
13.2
11.1
9.9
17.6
18.3
16.0
6.3
7.5
173.1
183.9
199.7
307.1
354.1
334.8
123.1
184.3
9.3
9.9
10.7
16.5
19.0
18.0
6.6
9.9
173.1
350.6
705.7
1,956.6
4,863.9
7,698.1
5,146.8
11,009.8
.5
1.1
2.2
6.1
15.2
24.1
16.1
34.5
383
366
446
792
858
706
308
391
9.0
8.6
10.5
18.6
20.2
16.6
7.2
9.2
96.5
105.2
238.5
275.7
198.2
176.9
415.0
273.8
5.4
5.9
13.4
15.5
11.1
9.9
23.3
15.4
96.5
219.0
840.7
1,811.7
2,892.0
5,027.0
6,386.2
22,478.8
.2
.6
2.1
4.6
7.3
12.6
16.1
56.5
1The totals in this table relate to stoppages ending during the year, ineluding any idleness in these strikes in the prior year.
N o t e : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals.
41 7
Table 170. Work stoppages by major issues, 1969-78
[W
orkers and days idle in thousands]
Stoppages beginning in 1969
Major issue
Days idle during 1969
(all stoppages)
Workers involved
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
All issu e s.................................................................................................................
General wage changes............................................................... ..................................
General wage in crease.................................................................... ......................
General wage increase plus supplementary ben efits............................................
General wage increase, hour d ecrease.................................................................
General wage decrease.........................................................................................
Escalation cost-of-living increase...........................................................................
General wage increase and escalation..................................................................
W ages and working conditions..............................................................................
5,700
2,829
956
1,447
44
1
14
12
355
100.0
49.6
16.8
25.4
.8
( 4)
.2
.2
6.2
2,481.0
1,264.2
312.9
733.9
13.0
( 5)
9.3
6.5
188.5
100.0
50.9
12.6
29.6
.5
( 4)
.4
.3
7.6
42,869.0
27,473.2
5,476.1
16,871.6
138.9
.1
438.8
202.6
4,345.0
100.0
64.1
12.8
39.4
.3
( 4)
1.0
.5
10.1
Supplementary benefits................................. ...............................................................
Pensions, insurance, other welfare program s........................................................
Severance or dismissal pay; other payments on layoff or separation...................
Premium pay...........................................................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
71
33
6
10
22
1.2
.6
.1
.2
.4
15.8
9.4
.7
1.2
4.5
.6
.4
( 4)
( 4)
*.2
320.3
227.5
27.7
14.4
50.6
.7
.5
.1
( 4)
.1
Wage adjustments....................... .................................................................................
Incentive pay rates or administration.....................................................................
Job classification or rates.......................................................................................
Downgrading...........................................................................................................
Retroactivity............................................................................................................
Method of computing p a y .......................................................................................
292
69
80
2
6
135
5.1
1.2
1.4
( 4)
.1
2.4
144.5
29.6
70.7
.9
.7
42.0
5.8
1.2
2.9
( 4)
( 4)
1.7
1,256.1
168.9
880.8
3.4
2.8
200.3
2.9
.4
2.1
( 4)
(4)
.5
Hours of work................................................................................................................
Increase...................................................................................................................
D ecrease.............................................................................................. ..................
7
1
6
.1
( 4)
.1
1.0
( 5)
1.0
(4)
( 4)
( 4)
15.5
( 5)
15.4
( 4)
(4)
( 4)
Other contractual matters....................... ......................................................................
Duration of contract................................................................................................
U nspecified.............................................................................................................
88
8
80
1.5
.1
1.4
15.4
1.3
14.1
.6
.1
.6
259.2
39.1
220.0
.6
.1
.5
Union organization and security......................................... .........................................
Recognition (certification)......................................................................................
Recognition and job security issu e s........... ...........................................................
Recognition and economic issues............................................... ...........................
Strengthening bargaining position or union shop and economic is s u e s ...............
Union security.........................................................................................................
Refusal to sign agreement......................................................................................
Other union organization m atters...........................................................................
593
226
11
162
101
18
8
67
10.4
4.0
.2
2.8
1.8
.3
.1
1.2
250.4
29.4
.6
18.6
191.7
1.1
1.0
8.1
10.1
1.2
( 4)
.7
7.7
( 4)
( 4)
.3
7,466.3
579.3
15.6
329.6
6,449.3
31.2
9.6
51.8
17.4
1.4
(4)
.8
15.0
.1
( 4)
.1
Job security...................................................................................................................
Seniority and/or layoff............................................................................................
Division of work......................................................................................................
Subcontracting........................................................................................................
New machinery or other technological is s u e s .......................................................
Job transfers, bumping, e tc ....................................................................................
Transfer of operations or prefabricated g o o d s......................................................
Other....................... ...............................................................................................
190
93
5
24
9
11
2
46
3.3
1.6
.1
.4
.2
.2
( 4)
.8
76.1
40.5
1.1
10.5
3.5
4.3
1.0
15.3
3.1
1.6
( 4)
.4
.1
.2
( 4)
.6
2,272.7
269.5
2.9
68.5
1,844.4
17.4
14.3
55.9
5.3
.6
( 4)
.2
4.3
( 4)
( 4)
.1
Plant administration......... ..............................................................................................
Physical facilities, surroundings, e tc .......................................................................
Safety measures, dangerous equipment, e tc............. ...........................................
Supervision...................................... ......................................................................
Shift w ork................................................................................................................
Work assignm ents..................................................................................................
Speedup (workload)................................................................................................
Work rules....................................................................................................... .......
Overtime w o rk.......................... ..............................................................................
Discharge and discipline.........................................................................................
Other.................................................................. .....................................................
882
69
78
40
22
82
50
25
22
322
170
15.5
1.2
1.4
.7
.4
1.4
.9
.4
.4
5.6
3.0
513.0
64.0
48.9
15.0
10.4
34.5
71.0
19.7
5.3
146.2
98.1
20.7
2.6
2.0
.6
.4
1.4
2.9
.8
.2
5.9
4.0
2,848.1
495.7
357.2
66.1
31.0
91.8
515.0
432.8
53.7
500.2
304.7
6.6
1.2
.8
.2
.1
.2
1.2
1.0
.1
1.2
.7
Other working conditions...... .......................................................................... ..............
Arbitration............ ...................................................................................................
Grievance procedures............................................................................................
Unspecified contract violations..............................................................................
226
13
79
134
4.0
.2
1.4
2.4
98.8
11.7
47.4
39.6
4.0
.5
1.9
1.6
443.2
65.4
212.8
165.0
1.0
.2
.5
.4
Interunion or intraunion matters.....................................................................................
U n io n r iv a lr y 1.............................................................................. ............................
Jurisdiction— representation of w orkers 2...............................................................
Jurisdiction— work assignm ent...............................................................................
Union administration3.............................................................................................
Sym pathy................................................................................................................
O ther.......................................................................................................................
500
7
20
403
8
62
—
8.8
.1
.4
7.1
.1
1.1
—
101.4
9.6
1.8
54.5
2.0
33.4
—
4.1
.4
.1
2.2
.1
1.3
—
499.0
48.7
10.4
277.5
6.2
156.3
—
1.2
.1
( 4)
.6
( 4)
.4
—
Not reported...................................................................................................................
22
.4
1.3
.1
15.9
( 4)
See footnotes at end of table.
Table 170. Work stoppages by major issues, 1969-78— Continued
[W
orkers and days idle in thousands]
Days idle during 1970
(all stoppages)
Stoppages beginning in 1970
Workers involved
Major issue
Number
Percent
Number
100.0
55.8
19.2
25.0
.2
Number
66,413.8
36,159.1
8,214.2
16,853.3
135.7
Percent
100.0
54.4
12.4
25.4
.2
All issues................................................................................................................
General wage changes..................................................................................................
General wage increa se..........................................................................................
General wage increase plus supplementary ben efits............................................
General wage increase, hour d ecrease.................................................................
General wage decrease.........................................................................................
Escalation cost-of-living increase...........................................................................
General wage increase and escalation..................................................................
Wages and working conditions..............................................................................
5,716
2,851
945
1,469
37
—
18
17
365
100.0
49.9
16.5
25.7
.6
.3
.3
6.4
4.0
4.6
366.7
.1
.1
11.1
75.2
98.3
10,782.4
.1
.1
16.2
Supplementary benefits.................................................................................................
Pensions, insurance, other welfare program s........................................................
Severance or dismissal pay; other payments on layoff or separation...................
Premium pay...........................................................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
56
34
2
9
11
1.0
.6
( 4)
.2
.2
63.1
59.7
.1
2.5
.7
1.9
1.8
( 4)
.1
( 4)
473.3
422.6
2.8
40.2
7.7
.7
.6
( 4)
.1
( 4)
Wage adjustments.........................................................................................................
Incentive pay rates or administration....................... .............................................
Job classification or rates.......................................................................................
Downgrading...........................................................................................................
Retroactivity..........................................■. ...............................................................
.
Method of computing p ay .......................................................................................
219
55
46
3
14
101
3.8
1.0
.8
.1
.2
1.8
239.5
15.6
27.1
1.4
157.5
37.9
7.2
.5
.8
(4)
4.8
1.1
1,130.2
155.6
145.7
7.7
694.3
127.0
1.7
.2
.2
Hours of work......................................................................................... .......................
Increase..................................................................................................................
Decrease.................................................................................................................
.1
1.4
( 4)
—
—
—
6
.1
1.4
(4)
25.7
—
25.7
( 4)
Other contractual matters..............................................................................................
Duration of contract................................................................................................
Local issues supplementing national contract.......................................................
Unspecified.............................................................................................................
107
11
3
93
1.9
.2
.1
1.6
379.8
4.2
354.9
20.6
11.5
.1
10.7
.6
18,346.7
58.4
17,844.2
444.1
27.6
.1
26.9
.7
Union organization and security....................................................................................
Recognition (certification).......................................................................................
Recognition and job security issu e s.......................................................................
Recognition and economic issu e s..........................................................................
Strengthening bargaining position or union shop and economic is s u e s ...............
Union security.........................................................................................................
Refusal to sign agreement......................................................................................
Other union organization m atters...........................................................................
587
204
4
166
114
33
16
50
10.3
3.6
.1
2.9
2.0
.6
.3
.9
105.7
18.6
.3
26.8
35.0
15.3
1.9
7.9
3.2
.6
( 4)
.8
1.1
.5
.1
.2
6,107.3
322.4
21.0
650.2
4,887.2
106.9
51.2
68.0
9.2
.5
( 4)
1.0
7.4
.2
.1
.1
Job security...................................................................................................................
Seniority and/or layoff............................................................................................
Division of work......................................................................................................
Subcontracting............................................................................. ;..........................
New machinery or other technological is s u e s .......................................................
Job transfers, bumping, e tc .......................................... .........................................
Transfer of operations or prefabricated g o o d s.............. ........................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
170
83
2
19
12
15
4
35
3.0
1.5
( 4)
.3
.2
.3
.1
.6
51.4
20.7
2.8
5.9
8.3
5.3
1.9
6.6
1.6
.6
.1
.2
.3
.2
.1
.2
375.8
169.1
9.0
45.0
107.8
13.5
8.1
23.3
.6
.3
( 4)
.1
.2
( 4)
( 4)
( 4)
Plant administration.......................................................................................................
Physical facilities, surroundings, e tc .......................................................................
Safety measures, dangerous equipment, e tc .........................................................
Supervision.............................................................................................................
Shift w ork................................................................ ...............................................
Work assignm ents..................................................................................................
Speedup (workload).............................................................................................
Work rules...............................................................................................................
Overtime w o rk........................................................................................................
Discharge and discpline.........................................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
921
61
92
49
36
77
41
20
26
289
230
16.1
1.1
1.6
.9
.6
1.3
.7
.3
.5
5.1
4.0
400.8
15.4
52.3
18.5
8.7
37.2
50.5
20.4
5.0
123.2
69.5
12.1
.5
1.6
.6
.3
1.1
1.5
.6
.2
3.7
2.1
1,718.7
41.5
146.2
44.4
47.6
110.8
191.0
74.5
22.8
610.7
429.3
2.6
.1
.2
.1
.1
.2
.3
.1
(4)
.9
.6
Other working conditions................................................................... ...........................
Arbitration................................................................................................................
Grievance procedures............................................................................................
Unspecified contract violations..............................................................................
175
15
31
129
3.1
.3
.5
2.3
59.3
10.6
6.6
42.1
1.8
.3
1.3
418.3
207.2
29.8
181.4
.6
.3
( 4)
.3
Interunion or intraunion matters.....................................................................................
Union rivalry1............................................................................ .............................
Jurisdiction— representation of w orkers2...............................................................
Jurisdiction— work assignm ent...............................................................................
Union administration3.............................................................................................
Sym pathy................................................................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
566
16
27
421
16
86
—
9.9
.3
.5
7.3
.3
1.5
—
149.4
15.6
6.5
55.0
36.0
36.3
—
4.5
.5
.2
1.7
1.1
1.1
—
1,577.4
283.3
172.9
427.1
557.5
136.6
—
2.4
.4
.3
.6
.8
.2
—
Not reported...................................................................................................................
58
1.0
11.9
.4
81.2
•1
See footnotes at end of table.
6
—
—
3,305.2
1,843.0
635.5
826.9
5.3
Percent
—
—
—
—
( 4)
1.0
.2
( 4)
Table 170. Work stoppages by major issues, 1969-78— Continued
[W
orkers and days idle in thousands]
Days idle during 1971
(all stoppages)
Stoppages beginning in 1971
Workers involved
Major issue
Number
Percent
Number
Number
Percent
, Percent
All issu e s................................................................................................................
General wage changes.................................................................................................
General wage increa se..........................................................................................
General wage increase plus supplementary ben efits............................................
General wage increase, hour d ecre ase.................................................................
General wage decrease.........................................................................................
Escalation cost-of-living increase..................... ,....................................................
General wage increase and escalation..................................................................
Wages and working conditions..............................................................................
5,138
2,600
652
1,539
18
2
12
19
358
100.0
50.6
12.7
30.0
.4
(4)
.2
.4
7.0
3,279.6
2,137.0
136.1
1,726.5
3.5
.3
7.4
5.2
257.9
100.0
65.2
4.2
52.6
.1
(4)
.2
.2
7.9
47,589.1
31,754.8
2,351.5
22,448.6
64.4
.7
109.5
92.0
6,688.2
100.0
66.7
4.9
47.2
.1
( 4)
.2
.2
14.1
Supplementary benefits.................................................................................................
Pensions, insurance, other welfare program s........................................................
Severance or dismissal pay; other payments on layoff or separation...................
Premium pay...........................................................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
40
26
3
4
7
.8
.5
.1
.1
.1
77.3
20.2
51.7
1.2
4.2
2.4
.6
1.6
( 4)
.1
2,800.1
940.5
1,750.9
21.8
87.0
5.9
2.0
3.7
( 4)
.2
Wage adjustments.........................................................................................................
Incentive pay rates or administration.....................................................................
Job classification or rates.......................................................................................
Downgrading...........................................................................................................
Retroactivity............................................................................................................
Method of computing p ay .......................................................................................
159
33
32
3
14
77
3.1
.6
.6
.1
.3
1.5
94.0
13.7
10.6
2.1
4.5
63.1
2.9
.4
.3
.1
.1
1.9
574.8
188.6
110.5
5.9
46.4
223.5
1.2
.4
.2
( 4)
.1
.5
Hours of work................................................................................................................
Increase..................................................................................................................
D ecrease....... .........................................................................................................
5
2
3
.1
( 4)
.1
1.6
1.2
.4
(4)
( 4)
( 4)
3.8
2.3
1.5
( 4)
( 4>
Other contractual matters..............................................................................................
Duration of contract................................................................................................
Local issues supplementing national contract.......................................................
U nspecified.............................................................................................................
116
17
11
88
2.3
.3
.2
1.7
49.6
2.9
19.9
26.9
1.5
.1
.6
.8
5,048.0
50.5
4,773.2
224.3
10.6
.1
10.0
.5
Union organization and security....................................................................................
Recognition (certification).......................................................................................
Recognition and job security issu e s.......................................................................
Recognition and economic issu e s..........................................................................
Strengthening bargaining position or union shop and economic is s u e s ...............
Union security.........................................................................................................
Refusal to sign agreement......................................................................................
Other union organization m atters...........................................................................
482
198
12
71
98
27
35
41
9.4
3.9
.2
1.4
1.9
.5
.7
.8
178.6
12.4
1.7
15.8
15.8
122.5
6.6
3.8
5.4
.4
.1
.5
.5
3.7
.2
.1
3,326.8
322.2
158.4
740.4
398.4
1,585.4
106.7
15.3
7.0
.7
.3
1.6
.8
3.3
.2
( 4)
Job security...................................................................................................................
Seniority and/or layoff............................................................................................
Division of work......................................................................................................
Subcontracting........................................................................................................
New machinery or other technological is s u e s .......................................................
Job transfers, bumping, e tc ....................................................................................
Transfer of operations or prefabricated g o o d s ......................................................
Other....................................... ................................................................................
210
98
9
19
8
13
9
54
4.1
1.9
.2
.4
.2
.3
.2
1.1
104.7
37.4
.8
10.9
1.2
3.2
3.6
47.6
3.2
1.1
( 4)
.3
(4)
.1
.1
1.5
1,007.2
303.7
9.2
223.6
77.8
16.4
58.7
317.9
2.1
.6
( 4)
.5
.2
( 4)
.1
.7
Plant administration.......................................................................................................
Physical facilities, surroundings, e tc ......... .............................................................
Safety measures, dangerous equipment, e tc .........................................................
Supervision.............................................................................................................
Shift w ork................................................................................................................
Work assignm ents..................................................................................................
Speedup (workload)................................................................................................
Work rules...............................................................................................................
Overtime w o rk........................................................................................................
Discharge and discipline........................................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
905
72
75
39
15
85
33
18
27
257
284
17.6
1.4
1.5
.8
.3
1.6
.6
.4
.5
5.0
5.5
519.4
14.5
27.3
7.7
3.7
43.8
12.8
144.7
7.4
79.9
177.5
15.8
.4
.8
.2
.1
1.3
.4
4.4
.2
2.4
5.4
2,410.7
46.4
B8T7
19.0
50.9
227.8
56.8
977.6
17.7
392.6
535.2
5.1
.1
( 4)
.1
.5
.1
2.1
(4)
.8
1.1
Other working conditions...............................................................................................
Arbitration................................................................................................................
Grievance procedures............................................................................................
Unspecified contract violations...................... .......................................................
155
10
24
121
3.0
.2
.5
2.4
40.8
7.1
5.0
28.7
1.2
.2
266.8
146.1
24.4
96.2
.6
.3
1
2
Interunion or intraunion matters....................................................................................
Union rivalry 1.........................................................................................................
Jurisdiction— representation of workers 2 ..............................................................
Jurisdiction— work assignm ent...............................................................................
Union administration 3 ............................................................................................
Sym pathy................................................................................................................
Other....... ...............................................................................................................
415
5
9
316
12
70
3
8.1
.1
.2
6.2
.2
1.4
.1
72.1
1.7
8
28.2
5.1
36.1
.2
2.2
.1
v t
.9
.2
1.1
350.4
85.8
4.5
124.9
10.4
113.4
11.4
j
Not reported...................................................................................................................
51
1.0
4.3
.1
45.6
See footnotes at end of table.
2
.9
n
2
.2
V /
.3
( 4)
2
(4\
V )
Table 170. Work stoppages by major issues, 1969-78— Continued
[W
orkers and days idle in thousands]
Days idle during 1972
(all stoppages)
Stoppages beginning in 1972
Major issue
Workers involved
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
All issues....................................................................... ............................... ........
General wage changes..................................................................................................
General wage increa se..........................................................................................
General wage increase plus supplementary ben efits............................................
General wage increase, hour decre ase.................................................................
General wage decrease.........................................................................................
Escalation cost-of-living increase...........................................................................
General wage increase and escalation..................................................................
Wages and working conditions..............................................................................
5,010
2,018
448
1,199
11
6
11
14
329
100.0
40.3
8.9
23.9
.2
.1
.2
.3
6.6
1,713.6
692.6
99.5
310.6
3.9
.8
1.8
4.4
271.6
100.0
40.4
5.8
18.1
.2
( 4)
.1
.3
15.8
27,066.4
17,094.3
1,086.0
8,194.7
54.0
2.6
39.0
184.8
7,533.2
100.0
63.2
4.0
30.3
.2
( 4)
.1
.7
27.8
Supplementary benefits.................................................................................................
Pensions, insurance, other welfare program s........................................................
Severance or dismissal pay; other payments on layoff or separation...................
Premium pay...........................................................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
89
53
10
10
10
1.8
1.1
.2
.2
.3
38.8
17.1
6.6
7.7
7.5
2.3
1.0
.4
.5
.4
569.2
242.7
78.5
224.0
24.0
2.1
.9
.3
.8
.1
Wage adjustments.........................................................................................................
Incentive pay rates or administration.....................................................................
Job classification or rates......................................................................................
Downgrading...........................................................................................................
Retroactivity............................................................................................................
Method of computing p ay .......................................................................................
250
38
84
2
32
94
5.0
.8
1.7
( 4)
.6
1.9
63.1
9.1
27.3
.6
5.6
20.4
3.7
.5
1.6
( 4)
.3
1.2
330.6
89.5
95.8
34.8
108.6
1.2
.3
.4
( 4)
.1
.4
Hours of work.................................................................................................................
Increase...................................................................................................................
D ecrease.................................................................................................................
6
2
4
.1
( 4)
.1
.5
.1
.3
( 4)
( 4)
(4)
4.6
2.1
2.5
( 4)
( 4)
( 4)
Other contractual matters..............................................................................................
Duration of contract................................................................................................
Local issues supplementing national contract.......................................................
Unspecified.............................................................................................................
93
34
5
54
1.9
.7
.1
1.1
26.7
4.7
3.1
18.8
1.6
.3
.2
1.1
1,540.8
162.0
1,202.5
176.3
5.7
.6
4.4
.7
Union organization and security....................................................................................
Recognition (certification)......................................................................................
Recognition and job security issu e s.......................................................................
Recognition and economic issu e s..........................................................................
Strengthening bargaining position or union shop and economic is s u e s ...............
Union security.........................................................................................................
Refusal to sign agreement........................... ................................ ..........................
Other union organization m atters..........................................................................
511
182
13
107
113
26
28
42
10.2
3.6
.3
2.1
2.3
.5
.6
.8
97.9
10.1
1.8
14.1
21.9
30.3
2.7
17.0
5.7
.6
.1
.8
1.3
1.8
.2
1.0
2,280.7
293.0
27.9
986.0
393.2
393.1
35.6
151.8
8.4
1.1
.1
3.6
1.5
1.5
.1
.6
Job security.................................................................. .................................................
Seniority and/or layoff............................................................................................
Division of work......................................................................................................
Subcontracting........................................................................................................
New machinery or other technological is s u e s .......................................................
Job transfers, bumping, e tc ....................................................................................
Transfer of operations or prefabricated g o o d s ......................................................
Job security and economic issues..........................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
232
75
7
15
5
16
2
45
67
4.6
1.5
.1
.3
.1
.3
( 4)
.9
1.3
100.0
19.7
4.4
6.0
2.4
7.5
.3
35.4
24.2
5.8
1.1
.3
.3
.1
.4
( 4)
2.1
1.4
1,243.4
316.9
240.7
43.4
72.8
49.6
15.9.
412.9
91.2
4.6
1.2
.9
.2
.3
.2
.1
1.5
.3
Plant administration.......................................................................................................
Physical facilities, surroundings, e tc ......... .............................................................
Safety measures, dangerous equipment, e tc .........................................................
Supervision.............................................................................................................
Shift w ork................................................................................................................
Work assignm ents.................... .............................................................................
Speedup (workload)........................................................................................... .
Work rules...............................................................................................................
Overtime w ork........................................................................................................
Discharge and discipline........................................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
1,170
88
120
43
28
86
47
29
42 *
290
397
23.4
1.8
2.4
.9
.6
1.7
.9
.6
.8
5.8
7.9
542.9
15.1
33.7
11.0
5.3
24.6
56.7
146.4
10.0
117.1
122.9
31.7
.9
2.0
.6
.3
1.4
3.3
8.5
.6
6.8
7.2
3,450.3
28.9
178.4
25.6
48.2
71.4
151.7
1,518.5
50.1
359.3
1,018.1
12.7
.1
.7
.1
.2
.3
.6
5.6
.2
1.3
3.8
Other working conditions...............................................................................................
Arbitration................................................................................................................
Grievance procedures............................................................................................
Unspecified contract violations..............................................................................
217
12
43
162
4.3
.2
.9
3.2
61.2
7.4
13.3
40.4
3.6
.4
.8
2.4
227.7
61.2
56.1
110.4
.8
.2
.2
.4
Interunion or intraunion matters......... ...........................................................................
Union rivalry 1...................................................................................!.....................
Jurisdiction— representation of w orkers2 ......................... .....................................
Jurisdiction— work assignm ent...............................................................................
Union administration 3 ............................... ..............................................................
Sym pathy................................................................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
392
—
24
261
17
90
—
7.9
—
.5
5.2
.3
1.8
—
87.2
—
2.2
34.2
6.6
44.3
—
5.1
—
.1
2.0
.4
2.6
—
279.1
_
44.7
112.5
18.5
103.4
—
1.0
_
.2
.4
.1
.4
—
Not reported..................................................................................................................
32
.6
2.9
.2
45.8
.2
See footnotes at end of table.
421
2 .6
Table 170. Work stoppages by major issues, 1969-78— Continued
[W
orkers and days idle in thousands]
Days idle during 1973
(all stoppages)
Stoppages beginning in 1973
Workers involved
Major issue
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
All issue s...............................................................................................................
General wage changes.................................................................................................
General wage increa se.........................................................................................
General wage increase plus supplementary b enefits...........................................
General wage increase, hour d ecre ase................................................................
General wage decrease........................................................................................
Escalation cost-of-living increase.......................................................................... .
General wage increase and escalation.................................................................
Wages and working conditions..............................................................................
5,353
2,576
583
1,481
21
4
20
53
414
100.0
48.1
10.9
27.7
.4
.1
.4
1.0
7.7
2,250.7
1,127.3
140.1
446.8
34.0
.4
5.4
18.8
481.9
100.0
50.1
6.2
19.9
1.5
( 4)
.2
.8
21.4
27,948.4
16,714.6
1,865.0
9,162.5
136.0
5.3
52.3
338.1
5,155.4
100.0
59.8
6.7
32.8
.5
( 4)
.2
' 1.2
18.4
Supplementary benefits.................................................................................................
Pensions, insurance, other welfare program s........................................................
Severance or dismissal pay; other payments on layoff or separation..................
Premium pay...........................................................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
81
47
9
13
12
1.5
.9
.2
.2
.2
43.1
32.6
8.3
.9
1.2
1.9
1.4
.4
( 4)
.1
1,067.2
942.4
88.5
12.4
23.8
3.8
3.4
.3
( 4)
.1
Wage adjustments.........................................................................................................
Incentive pay rates or administration.....................................................................
Job classification or rates......................................................................................
Downgrading...........................................................................................................
Retroactivity......'.....................................................................................................
Method of computing p ay......................................................................................
180
24
62
3.4
.4
1.2
83.8
10.5
42.7
3.7
.5
1.9
400.4
106.1
171.4
1.4
.4
.6
13
81
.2
1.5
8.5
22.2
.4
1.0
27.3
95.7
.1
.3
Hours of work............................................................................................. ...................
Increase..................................................................................................................
D ecrease................................................................................................................
7
1
6
.1
( 4)
.1
1.0
.1
.9
( 4)
( 4)
( 4)
13.5
2.4
11.1
( 4)
( 4>
( 4)
Other contractual matters..............................................................................................
Duration of contract................................................................................................
Local issues supplementing national contract.......................................................
U nspecified.............................................................................................................
92
15
13
64
1.7
.3
.2
1.2
51.4
4.7
25.7
21.0
2.3
.2
1.1
.9
639.1
49.6
297.2
292.3
2.3
.2
1.1
1.0
Union organization and secu rity...................................................................................
Recognition (certification)................................................ ......................................
Recognition and job security issu e s.......................................................................
Recognition and economic issu e s.........................................................................
Strengthening bargaining position or union shop and economic is s u e s ...............
Union security.........................................................................................................
Refusal to sign agreement.....................................................................................
Other union organization m atters..........................................................................
446
162
4
59
142
39
11
29
8.3
3.0
.1
1.1
2.7
.7
.2
.5
116.8
16.7
.5
8.7
66.0
18.2
3.5
3.3
5.2
.7
(4)
.4
2.9
.8
.2
.1
3,378.4
290.2
9.6
1,102.8
1,716.2
214.7
19.6
25.3
12.1
1.0
( 4)
3.9
6.1
.8
.1
.1
Job security............................................................... ....................................................
Seniority and/or layoff.................... .................................................... ..................
Division of work......................................................................................................
Subcontracting........................................................................................................
New machinery or other technological is s u e s .......................................................
Job transfers, bumping, etc....................................................................................
Transfer of operations or prefabricated g o o d s......................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
264
58
4
17
10
7
3
165
4.9
1.1
.1
.3
.2
.1
.1
3.1
173.9
16.7
.6
4.4
14.1
3.5
.5
134.0
7.7
.7
( 4)
.2
.6
.2
( 4)
6.0
2,445.4
89.3
99.2
15.5
42.4
8.3
2.4
2,188.2
8.7
.3
.4
.1
.2
( 4)
( 4)
7.8
Plant administration.......................................................................................... ............
Physical facilities, surroundings, e tc ......................................................................
Safety measures, dangerous equipment, e tc ........................................................
Supervision............................................................................................................
Shift w ork...............................................................................................................
Work assignm ents.................................................................................................
Speedup (workload)........................................................... ....................................
Work rules..............................................................................................................
Overtime w o rk...................................................................................................... .
Discharge and discipline.......................................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
1,216
120
155
53
34
92
49
21
54
292
346
22.7
2.2
2.9
1.0
.6
1.7
.9
.4
1.0
5.5
6.5
535.0
35.3
57.0
25.1
22.1
32.2
85.4
12.7
51.5
108.2
105.7
23.8
1.6
2.5
1.1
1.0
1.4
3.8
.6
2.3
4.8
4.7
2,770.5
711.8
236.2
60.9
57.0
77.7
136.0
136.6
488.0
307.6
558.8
9.9
2.5
.8
Other working conditions...............................................................................................
Arbitration................................................................................................................
Grievance procedures...........................................................................................
Unspecified contract violations.............................................................................
143
10
45
88
2.7
.2
.8
1.6
39.2
4.6
12.3
22.3
1.7
.2
.5
1.0
167.4
73.3
27.9
66.2
Interunion or intraunion matters....................................................................................
Union rivalry 1.........................................................................................................
Jurisdiction— representation of workers 2 ..............................................................
Jurisdiction— work assignm ent..............................................................................
Union administration 3 .................................
Sym pathy......................................................................................................
O ther....................................................................................................................
348
6
26
133
19
99
—
6.5
.1
.5
2.5
.4
1.8
—
79.2
.3
6.5
15.8
11.1
37.0
—
3.5
.1
.3
.7
.5
1.6
—
352.1
132.3
15.2
47.3
22.7
97.3
—
1.3
Not reported.................................................................................................................
65
1.2
.3
37.2
.1
See footnotes at end of table.
422
____5JL
.2
.2
.3
.5
.5
1.7
1.1
2.0
.6
.3
.1
.2
.5
.1
.2
.1
.3
—
Table 170. Work stoppages by major issues, 1969-78— Continued
[W
orkers and days idle in thousands]
Days idle during 1974
(all stoppages)
Stoppages beginning in 1974
Major issue
W orkers involved
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
All issues................................................................................................................
General wage changes.................................................................................................
General wage increase..........................................................................................
General wage increase plus supplementary ben efits............................................
General wage increase, hour decre ase.................................................................
General wage decrease.........................................................................................
Escalation cost-of-living increase...........................................................................
General wage increase and escalation..................................................................
Wages and working conditions..............................................................................
6,074
3,638
1,204
1,487
17
—
86
463
381
100.0
59.9
19.8
24.5
.3
—
1.4
7.6
6.3
2.777.7
1.951.7
510.8
788.7
2.2
—
44.1
288.4
317.5
100.0
70.3
18.4
28.4
.1
—
1.6
10.4
11.4
47,990.9
38,924.4
8,206.1
15,839.0
80.6
—
716.9
6,723.5
7,358.3
100.0
81.1
17.1
33.0
.2
—
1.5
14.0
15.3
Supplementary benefits.................................................................................................
Pensions, insurance, other welfare program s........................................................
Severance or dismissal pay; other payments on layoff or separation..................
Premium pay...........................................................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
70
33
7
7
23
1.2
.5
.1
.1
.4
37.6
22.1
8.1
1.1
6.3
1.4
.8
.3
( 4)
.2
1,104.3
897.2
99.3
23.1
84.7
2.3
1.9
.2
( 4)
.2
Wage adjustments.........................................................................................................
Incentive pay rates or administration............................................................... .....
Job classification or rates.......................................................................................
Downgrading...........................................................................................................
Retroactivity............................................................................................................
Method of computing p ay.......................................................................................
148
27
68
2.4
.4
1.1
66.1
11.5
41.5
2.4
.4
1.5
445.2
164.4
227.7
.9
.3
.5
3
50
( 4)
.8
1.1
12.0
( 4)
.4
5.0
48.1
( 4)
.1
Hours of work................................................................................................................
Increase............................................................................................ ..................... J
D ecrease................................................................................................................ j
7
3
4
.1
(*)
.1
8.2
2.1
6.1
.3
.1
.2
443.8
114.3
329.4
.9
.2
.7
Other contractual matters..............................................................................................
Duration of contract................................................................................................
Local issues supplementing national contract.......................................................
Unspecified.............................................................................................................
97
10
13
74
1.6
.2
.2
1.2
84.7
2.2
49.1
33.5
3.1
.1
1.8
1.2
818.6
46.2
484.4
287.9
1.7
.1
1.0
.6
Union organization and security....................................................................................
Recognition (certification)......................................................................................
Recognition and job security issu e s.......................................................................
Recognition and economic issu e s.........................................................................
Strengthening bargaining position or union shop and economic is s u e s ...............
Union security.........................................................................................................
Refusal to sign agreement....................................................................................
Other union organization m atters..........................................................................
348
115
5
40
109
30
17
32
5.7
1.9
.1
.7
1.8
.5
.3
.5
46.5
12.9
.2
5.4
16.9
2.7
3.3
5.1
1.7
.5
( 4)
.2
.6
.1
.1
.2
1,841.4
735.4
9.5
298.7
631.6
65.8
44.2
56.1
3.8
1.5
( 4)
.6
1.3
.1
.1
.1
Job security...................................................................................................................
Seniority and/or layoff............................................................................................
Division of work......................................................................................................
Subcontracting................................................................... .....................................
New machinery or other technological is s u e s .......................................................
Job transfers, bumping, etc....................................................................................
Transfer of operations or prefabricated g o o d s ......................................................
Job security and economic issues.........................................................................
Other............................................................................ ..........................................
248
47
4
10
3
12
1
97
74
4.1
.8
.1
.2
( 4)
.2
(4)
1.6
1.2
99.7
20.4
3.2
2.7
1.1
4.9
.5
43.6
23.3
3.6
.7
.1
.1
( 4)
.2
(4 ).
1.6
.8
1,543.0
177.8
3.4
18.0
15.7
19.7
2.0
1,258.0
48.5
3.2
.4
( 4)
( 4)
( 4)
( 4)
( 4)
2.6
.1
Plant administration.......................................................................................................
Physical facilities, surroundings, e tc .......................................................................
Safety measures, dangerous equipment, e tc .........................................................
Supervision.............................................................................................................
Shift w ork................................................................................................................
Work assignm ents.................................................................................................
Speedup (workload)...............................................................................................
Work rules..............................................................................................................
Overtime w o rk .......................................................................................................
Discharge and discipline........................................................................................
Other......................................................................................................................
1,120
111
153
50
31
115
33
29
28
234
336
18.4
1.8
2.5
.8
.5
1.9
.5
.5
.5
3.9
5.5
375.7
21.6
43.8
23.8
7.3
31.5
22.0
30.3
14.2
88.3
92.9
13.5
.8
1.6
.9
.3
1.1
.8
1.1
.5
3.2
3.3
2,340.8
41.4
152.4
64.3
81.2
379.5
150.6
370.8
266.0
378.7
455.8
4.9
.1
.3
.1
.2
.8
.3
.8
.6
.8
.9
Other working conditions..............................................................................................
Arbitration....... ........................................................................................................
Grievance procedures............................................................................................
Unspecified contract violations..............................................................................
91
9
14
68
1.5
.1
.2
1.1
27.0
4.1
7.6
15.3
1.0
.1
.3
.6
256.4
182.9
25.0
48.5
.5
.4
.1
.1
Interunion or intraunion matters.....................................................................................
Union rivalry 1.........................................................................................................
Jurisdiction— representation of workers 2 ..............................................................
Jurisdiction— work assignm ent...............................................................................
Union administration 3 ................................................................................ ............
Sym pathy...............................................................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
240
3
7
134
10
82
4
4.0
( 4)
.1
2.2
.2
1.4
.1
74.2
8.2
1.2
26.3
2.8
34.4
1.3
2.7
.3
( 4)
.9
.1
1.2
(4 )
188.1
25.5
5.7
61.9
3.8
87.4
3.7
.4
.1
Not reported..................................................................................................................
67
1.1
6.3
.2
84.7
See footnotes at end of table.
423
n
.1
( 4)
.2
( 4)
.2
Table 170. Work stoppages by major issues, 1969-78— Continued
[W
orkers and days idle in thousands]
Stoppages beginning in 1975
Major issue
Days idle during 1975
(all stoppages)
Workers involved
Number
Percent
Number
Percent .
Number
Percent
All issues................................................................................................................
General wage chang es.................................................................................................
General wage in crease..........................................................................................
General wage increase plus supplementary b enefits............................................
General wage increase, hour d ecre ase.................................................................
General wage decrease.........................................................................................
Escalation cost-of-living increase............................................................. ..............
General wage increase and escalation..................................................................
W ages and working conditions..............................................................................
5,031
2,619
938
1,111
6
1
39
254
270
100.0
52.1
18.6
22.1
.1
( 4)
.8
5.0
5.4
1,745.6
810.4
287.5
317.9
.7
.1
8.6
55.8
139.7
100.0
46.4
16.5
18.2
( 4)
( 4)
.5
3.2
8.0
31,237.0
22,221.7
6,024.0
10,776.3
10.4
.1
224.8
2,016.3
3,169.7
100.0
71.1
19.3
34.5
( 4)
( 4)
.7
6.5
10.1
Supplementary benefits.................................................................................................
Pensions, insurance, other welfare program s........................................................
Severance or dismissal pay; other payments on layoff or separation...................
Premium pay...........................................................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
53
29
5
4
15
1.1
.6
.1
.1
.3
23.0
18.1
1.4
.6
2.9
1.3
1.0
.1
( 4)
.2
277.8
186.6
18.4
16.5
56.2
.9
.6
.1
.1
.2
Wage adjustments................... .....................................................................................
Incentive pay rates or administration.....................................................................
Job classification or rates......................................................................................
Downgrading...........................................................................................................
Retroactivity............................................................................................................
Method of computing p ay......................................................................................
126
22
52
2
2
48
2.5
.4
1.0
( 4)
( 4)
1.0
38.5
13.2
13.7
.7
.1
10.9
2.2
.8
.8
( 4)
( 4)
.6
364.3
191.2
144.2
2.4
.3
26.2
1.2
.6
.5
( 4)
( 4)
.1
Hours of work................................................................................................................
Increase..................................................................................................................
D ecrease................................................................................................................
7
3
4
.1
.1
.1
.3
.2
.1
( 4)
( 4)
( 4)
9.8
6.1
3.7
( 4)
( 4)
( 4)
Other contractual matters.............................................................................................
Duration of contract................................................................................................
Local issues supplementing national contract.......................................................
Unspecified.............................................................................................................
75
14
4
57
1.5
.3
.1
1.1
23.6
6.0
6.7
11.0
1.4
.3
.4
.6
405.8
144.4
52.6
208.8
1.3
.5
.2
.7
Union organization and security....................................................................................
Recognition (certification).......................................................................................
Recognition and job security issu e s.......................................................................
Recognition and economic issu e s.........................................................................
Strengthening bargaining position or union shop and economic is s u e s ...............
Union security.........................................................................................................
Refusal to sign agreement......................................................................................
Other union organization m atters.................... ^
....................................................
268
114
5
16
78
15
12
28
5.3
2.3
.1
.3
1.6
.3
.2
.6
92.3
5.5
.3
1.9
13.6
63.2
.5
7.2
5.3
.3
( 4)
.1
.8
3.6
( 4)
.4
1,488.0
168.0
17.1
49.1
599.6
603.0
24.7
26.5
4.8
.5
.1
.2
1.9
1.9
.1
.1
Job security...................................................................................................................
Seniority and/or layoff............................................................................................
Division of work......................................................................................................
Subcontracting........................................................................................................
New machinery or other technological is s u e s .......................................................
Job transfers, bumping, etc....................................................................................
Transfer of operations or prefabricated g o o d s......................................................
Job security and economic issues..........................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
257
40
3
14
2
4
—
122
72
5.1
.8
.1
.3
( 4)
.1
—
2.4
1.4
205.7
17.3
.3
3.3
.4
1.1
—
167.5
15.7
11.8
1.0
( 4)
.2
( 4)
.1
—
9.6
.9
3,153.6
227.7
.6
25.5
3.1
4.1
—
2,838.9
53.6
10.1
.7
( 4)
.1
( 4)
( 4)
Plant administration.......................................................................................................
Physical facilities, surroundings, e tc .......................................................................
Safety measures, dangerous equipment, e tc .........................................................
Supervision.............................................................................................................
Shift w ork................................................................................................................
Work assignm ents..................................................................................................
Speedup (workload)................................................................................................
Work rules...............................................................................................................
Overtime w ork........................................................................................................
Discharge and discipline........................................................................................
Other................................................................... ....................................................
1,142
152
165
26
37
108
25
37
45
211
336
22.7
3.0
3.3
.5
.7
2.1
.5
.7
.9
4.2
6.7
431.6
24.9
56.7
7.1
22.1
29.2
74.6
52.2
9.2
67.2
88.5
24.7
1.4
3.2
.4
1.3
1.7
4.3
3.0
.5
3.8
5.1
2,883.7
47.5
561.9
24.7
120.0
169.8
406.4
980.1
28.1
237.1
308.0
9.2
.2
1.8
.1
.4
.5
1.3
3.1
.1
.8
1.0
Other working conditions...............................................................................................
Arbitration...............................................................................................................
Grievance procedures...................................... ......................................................
Unspecified contract violations..............................................................................
137
10
41
86
2.7
.2
.8
1.7
40.0
9.3
10.8
19.9
2.3
.5
.6
1.1
197.9
39.1
124.6
34.1
.6
.1
.4
.1
Interunion or intraunion matters.....................................................................................
Union rivalry1..........................................................................................................
Jurisdiction— representation of w orkers2...............................................................
Jurisdiction— work assignm ent...............................................................................
Union administration3........................................................................................
Sym pathy..........................................................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................
317
3
2
231
18
62
1
6.3
.1
( 4)
4.6
77.7
6.0
4.5
.3
( 4)
2.0
.9
1.2
200.9
8.0
.6
( 4)
( 4)
Not reported..................................................................................................................
30
See footnotes at end of table.
.4
( 4)
35.4
15.0
20.4
.5
.6
2.5
.4
1.2
.4
9.1
.2
( 4)
113.1
30.4
46.6
2.4
( 4)
.1
33.5
.1
.4
.1
.1
Table 170. Work stoppages by major issues, 1969-78— Continued
[W
orkers and days idle in thousands]
Stoppages beginning in 1976
uays iuiw uurmy
(all stoppages)
Workers involved
Major issue
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
100.00 " 37,858.9
50.04
23,778.6
3,101.6
6.35
9,736.8
31.21
38.7
.07
.02
5.2
477.4
2.08
7,482.6
4.85
5.46
2,936.3
Percent
100.00
62.81
8.19
25.72
.10
.01
1.26
19.76
7.76
All issues................................................................................................................
General wage changes.................................................................................................
General wage increa se.........................................................................................
General wage increase plus supplementary ben efits...........................................
General wage increase, hour d ecrease............. ...................................................
General wage decrease.........................................................................................
Escalation cost-of-living increase.......................................................................... .
General wage increase and escalation................................................................. .
Wages and working conditions..............................................................................
5,648
2,857
783
1,378
9
4
37
221
425
100.0
50.6
13.9
24.4
.2
.1
.7
3.9
7.5
2.420.0
1.211.0
153.6
755.4
1.7
.6
50.2
117.3
132.2
Supplementary benefits.................. !.............................................................................
Pensions, insurance, other welfare program s........................................................
Severance or dismissal pay; other payments on layoff or separation..................
Premium pay...........................................................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
53
36
2
3
12
.9
.6
( 4)
.1
.2
10.4
6.5
.2
.1
3.8
.43
.27
.01
( 4)
.16
189.0
138.3
3.9
.4
46.4
.50
.37
.01
( 4)
.12
Wage adjustments.........................................................................................................
Incentive pay rates or administration.....................................................................
Job classification or rates......................................................................................
Downgrading...........................................................................................................
Retroactivity............................................................................................................
Method of computing p ay.......................................................................................
142
24
56
1
5
56
2.5
.4
1.0
( 4)
.1
1.0
51.9
10.7
23.4
.5
.3
17.1
2.15
.44
.97
.02
.01
.71
562.0
379.4
135.0
1.5
2.2
43.9
1.48
1.00
.36
( 4)
.01
.12
Hours of work................................................................................................................
Increase..................................................................................................................
D ecrease................................................................................................................
6
1
5
.1
( 4)
.1
2.2
.4
1.8
.09
.02
.08
56.9
1.2
55.7
.15
( 4)
.15
Other contractual matters..............................................................................................
Duration of contract................................................................................................
Local issues supplementing national contract.......................................................
Unspecified.............................................................................................................
142
9
3
130
2.5
.2
.1
2.3
19.2,
1.0
.2
17.9
.79
.04
.01
.74
338.0
15.7
1.4
320.9
.89
.04
( 4)
.85
Union organization and security....................................................................................
Recognition (certification)......................................................................................
Recognition and job security issue s.......................................................................
Recognition and economic issu e s.........................................................................
Strengthening bargaining position or union shop and economic is s u e s ...............
Union security.........................................................................................................
Refusal to sign agreement.....................................................................................
Other union organization m atters..........................................................................
325
96
2
24
118
34
18
33
5,8
1.7
( 4)
.4
2.1
.6
.3
.6
126.8
10.6
.1
1.0
102.2
6.0
1.8
5.2
5.24
.44
( 4)
.04
4.22
.25
.07
.22
2,454.9
229.7
6.9
35.6
1,969.4
115.1
28.0
70.2
6.48
.61
.02
.09
5.20
.30
.07
.19
Job security...................................................................................................................
Seniority and/or layoff............................................................................................
Division of work......................................................................................................
Subcontracting........................................................................................................
New machinery or other technological is s u e s .......................................................
Job transfers, bumping, etc....................................................................................
Transfer of operations or prefabricated goods .............................
................
Job security and economic issues.........................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
317
59
4
23
2
5
—
140
84
5.6
1.0
.1
.4
( 4)
.1
—
2.5
1.5
401.7
47.0
1.5
10.6
.3
1.6
—
316.9
23.7
16.60
1.94
.06
.44
.01
.07
13.09
.98
7,186.9
306.1
1.9
54.1
.5
18.6
—
6,766.0
3^ 9
18.98
.81
( 4)
.14
( 4)
.05
—
17.87
44-
Plant administration...................................................................................................... .
Physical facilities, surroundings, e tc ......................................................................
Safety measures, dangerous equipment, e tc .........................................................
Supervision.............................................................................................................
Shift w ork...............................................................................................................
Work assignm ents.................................................................................................
Speedup (workload)................................................................................................
Work rules...............................................................................................................
Overtime w o rk..................................... ;.................................................................
Discharge and discipline........................................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
1,290
165
216
48
32
90
27
46
81
288
297
22.8
2.9
3.8
.8
.6
1.6
.0
.8
1.4
5.1
5.3
489.0
33.0
53.5
19.8
9.9
29.1
9.0
7.9
18.5
96.6
211.6
20.21
1.37
2.21
.82
.41
1.20
.37
.33
.76
3.99
8.74
2,776.6
68.2
157.9
41.9
34.8
143.2
364.6
42.2
53.2
440.6
1,430.1
7.33
.18
.42
.11
.09
.38
.96
.11
.14
1.16
3.78
Other working conditions...............................................................................................
Arbitration................................................................................................................
Grievance procedures............................................................................................
Unspecified contract violations..............................................................................
185
4
49
132
3.3
.1
.9
2.3
50.3
1.7
15.0
33.6
2.08
.62
1.39
178.1
12.0
45.1
121.0
.47
.03
.12
.32
Interunion on or intraunion matters...............................................................................
Union rivalry 1.........................................................................................................
Jurisdiction— representation of workers 2 ..............................................................
Jurisdiction— work assignm ent........................................................ .......................
Union administration3 ............................................................................................
Sym pathy...............................................................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
285
1
4
168
20
92
—
5.0
( 4)
.1
3.0
.4
1.6
—
54.7
( 5)
.1
23.5
5.8
25.3
—
2.26
( 4)
( 4)
.97
.24
1.05
—
288.2
( 5)
2.6
170.8
26.4
88.4
—
.76
( 4)
.01
.45
.07
.23
—
Not reported..................................................................................................................
46
.8
2.8
.11
49.5
.13
See footnotes at end of table.
425
—
.or
Table 170. Work stoppages, by major issues, 1969-79— Continued
[W
orkers and days idle in thousands]
Stoppages beginning in 1977
Major issue
1
.
uaya iuic uunuvj 1H77
i C1i
7
(all stoppages)
Workers involved
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
All issues................................................................................................................
General wage changes.................................................................................................
General wage increa se..........................................................................................
General wage increase plus supplementary ben efits............................................
General wage increase, hour d ecre ase.................................................................
General wage decrease.........................................................................................
Cost-of-living increase............................................................................................
General wage and cost-of-living increases............................................................
Wages and working conditions..............................................................................
5,506
3,135
902
1,838
7
2
29
140
217
100.0
56.9
16.4
33.4
.1
( 4)
.5
2.5
3.9
2,040.1
899.5
209.8
526.6
.9
.1
8.3
53.7
100.2
100.00
44.1
10.3
25.8
( 4)
( 4)
.4
2.6
4.9
35,821.8
21,694.8
3,956.5
13,872.9
16.2
1.4
239.1
1,798.7
1,809.9
100.00
60.6
11.0
38.7
( 4)
( 4)
.7
5.0
5.1
Supplementary benefits................................................................................................
Pensions, insurance, and other welfare program s................................................
Severance or dismissal pay, and other payments on layoff or separation...........
Premium pay...........................................................................................................
Other......................................................................................................................
78
40
—
16
22
1.4
.7
—
.3
.4
22.8
10.0
—
2.2
10.6
1.1
.5
—
.1
.5
453.5
279.4
( 5)
42.0
132.1
1.3
.8
( 4)
.1
.4
Wage adjustments...................... ..................................................................................
Incentive pay rates or administration.....................................................................
Job classification or rates......................................................................................
Downgrading...........................................................................................................
Retroactivity............................................................................................................
Method of computing p ay ......................................................................................
141
28
60
3
3
47
2.6
.5
1.1
.1
.1
.9
65.3
29.2
12.8
.3
.1
22.8
3.2
1.4
.6
( 4)
( 4)
1.1
1,625.3
1,501.3
66.5
15.4
.8
41.3
4.5
4.2
.2
( 4)
( 4)
.1
Hours of work................................................................................................................
Increase................................................................................................... ..............
D ecrease................................................................................................................
15
5
10
.3
.1
.2
2.8
2.1
.7
.1
.1
( 4)
84.8
19.5
65.4
.2
.1
.2
Other contractual matters..............................................................................................
Duration of contract................................................................................................
Local issues supplementing national contract.......................................................
Unspecified............................................................................................................
276
15
16
245
5.0
.3
.3
4.4
71.4
1.6
29.8
39.9
3.5
.1
1.5
2.0
1,350.7
71.4
116.7
1,162.6
3.8
.2
.3
3.2
Union organization and security.................................................................................
Recognition (certification)......................................................................................
Recognition and job or union security is s u e s ........................................................
Recognition and economic issu e s.........................................................................
Strengthening bargaining position and economic issues.......................................
Union security.........................................................................................................
Refusal to sign agreement......................... *............................. ............................
Other.......................................................................................................................
252
69
18
6
49
39
48
23
4.6
1.3
.3
.1
.9
.7
.9
.4
41.2
4.9
1.5
.1
10.2
8.9
12.7
2.9
2.0
.2
.1
( 4)
.5
.4
.6
.1
955.0
121.4
40.1
3.5
449.2
175.8
156.9
8.1
2.7
.3
.1
( 4)
1.3
.5
.4
( 4)
Job security............................................ '......................................................................
Seniority and/or layoff............................................................................................
Division of work......................................................................................................
Subcontracting........................................................................................................
New machinery or other technological is s u e s .......................................................
Job transfers, bumping, etc....................................................................................
Transfer of operations or prefabricated g o o d s.....................................................
Job security and economic issues.........................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
211
57
6
16
5
6
1
68
52
3.8
1.0
.1
.3
.1
.1
( 4)
1.2
.9
99.8
34.3
1.1
2.9
16.0
.9
( 5)
33.8
10.8
4.9
1.7
.1
.1
.8
( 4)
( 4)
1.7
.5
1,708.9
405.8
4.9
19.5
311.4
16.3
.1
909.3
41.5
4.8
1.1
( 4)
.1
.9
( 4)
( 4)
2.5
.1
Plant administration.......................................................................................................
Physical facilities, surroundings, e tc ................................................................. *.....
Safety measures, dangerous equipment, e tc ........................................................
Supervision............................................................................................................
Shift w ork...............................................................................................................
Work assignm ents.................................................................................................
Speedup (workload)...............................................................................................
Work rules..............................................................................................................
Overtime w o rk .......................................................................................................
Discharge and discipline.......................................................................................
Other......................................................................................................................
1,002
123
135
61
35
112
31
50
54
205
196
18.2
2.2
2.5
1.1
.6
2.0
.6
.9
1.0
3.7
3.6
696.8
30.7
48.3
25.0
8.3
31.9
14.5
105.4
17.7
253.3
161.9
34.2
1.5
2.4
1.2
.4
1.6
.7
5.2
.9
12.4
7.9
7,249.2
245.4
123.3
107.6
33.6
160.1
380.6
837.7
156.5
3,374.4
1,829.9
20.2
.7
.3
.3
.1
.4
1.1
2.3
.4
9.4
5.1
Other working conditions..............................................................................................
Arbitration................................................................................................................
Grievance procedures............................................................................................
Unspecified contract violations.............................................................................
137
22
34
81
2.5
.4
.6
1.5
62.7
18.3
17.2
27.2
3.1
.9
.8
1.3
338.8
151.3
97.5
90.0
.9
.4
.3
.3
Interunion or intraunion matters....................................................................................
Union rivalry 1.........................................................................................................
Jurisdiction-representation of w orkers2.................................................................
Jurisdiction-work assignm ent..................................................................................
Union administration3.............................................................................................
Sym pathy................................................................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
246
2
3
136
14
91
—
4.5
( 4)
.1
2.5
.3
1.7
—
77.1
.2
.1
20.7
7.6
48.6
—
3.8
( 4)
335.4
1.1
.5
63.7
11.1
259.1
—
.9
( 4)
( 4)
.2
Not reported..................................................................................................................
13
.2
.5
25.4
.1
See footnotes at end of table.
426
(4
)
1.0
.4
2.4
—
_______ LI
(M
.7
—
Table 170. Work stoppages, by major issues, 1969-78— Continued
[W
orkers and days idle in thousands]
Stoppages beginning in 1978
Days idle during 1978
(all stoppages)
Workers involved
Major issue
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
All issues................................................................................................................
General wage changes....................................................... ........................................
General wage in crease..........................................................................................
General wage increase plus supplementary b enefits............................................
General wage increase, hours d ecrease...............................................................
General wage decrease.........................................................................................
Cost-of-living increase............................................................................................
General wage and cost-of-living increases............................................................
Wages and working conditions..............................................................................
4,230
2,751
901
1,436
—
3
43
165
203
100.0
65.0
21.3
33.9
—
.1
1.0
3.9
4.8
1,622.6
836.3
205.9
477.8
—
.4
10.1
49.4
92.7
100.0
51.5
12.7
29.4
—
( 4)
.6
3.0
5.7
36,921.5
19,341.4
3,492.9
11,653.0
—
16.8
314.0
1,536.1
2,328.7
100.0
52.4
9.5
31.6
—
( 4)
.9
4.2
6.3
Supplementary benefits......................................................................................... .......
Pensions, insurance, and other welfare program s................................................
Severance or dismissal pay, and other payments on layoff or separation...........
Premium pay....................;......................................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
62
32
—
6
24
1.5
.3
—
.1
.6
18.9
5.5
—
5.2
8.2
1.2
.3
—
.3
.5
271.8
68.1
—
41.1
162.5
.7
.2
—
.1
.4
Wage adjustments.........................................................................................................
Incentive pay rates or administration.....................................................................
.Inh Hflfisifiration or rates......................................................................................Downgrading...........................................................................................................
Retroactivity............................................................................................................
Method of computing p ay ......................................................................................
128
27
64
2
5
30
3.0
.6
1.5
(4)
.1
.7
59.4
6.8
38.9
.4
.6
12.7
3.7
.4
2.4
(4)
(4)
.8
581.2
93.2
404.9
27.8
3.2
52.3
1.6
.3
1.1
.1
<)
4
.1
Hours of work.................................................................................................................
Increase........................................................... ......................................................
D ecrease................................................................................................................
16
6
10
.4
.1
.2
4.5
2.0
2.4
.3
.1
.1
261.0
62.8
198.3
.7
.2
.5
Other contractual matters.............................................................................................
Duration of contract...............................................................................................
Local issues supplementing national contract......................................................
Unspecified............................................................................................................
199
19
16
164
4.7
.4
.4
3.9
40.1
6.7
10.7
22.7
2.5
.4
.7
1.4
721.1
174.2
105.0
441.9
2.0
.5
.3
1.2
Union organization and security...................................................................................
Recognition (certification)......................................................................................
Recognition and job or union security is s u e s .......................................................
Recognition and economic issu e s.........................................................................
Strengthening bargaining position and economic issues......................................
Union security........................................................................................................
Refusal to sign agreement.....................................................................................
Other................................................................................................................... .
272
86
7
7
57
39
42
34
6.4
2.0
.2
.2
1.3
.9
1.0
.8
38.6
6.1
4.5
.5
7.3
3.8
8.5
7.9
2.4
.4
•3
(4)
.4
.2
.5
.5
762.4
138.9
132.6
7.6
146.5
132.1
174.8
29.9
2.1
.4
.4
(4)
.4
.4
.5
.1
Job security.................................................................................................................. .
Seniority and/or layoff...........................................................................................
Division of work..................................................................................................... .
Subcontracting........................................................................................................
New machinery or other technological is s u e s......................................................
Job transfers, bumping, e tc ...................................................................................
Transfer of operations or prefabricated g o o d s.....................................................
Job security and economic issues.........................................................................
Other......................................................................................................................
127
46
2
16
2
9
—
34
18
3.0
1.1
(4)
.4
(4)
.2
—
.8
.4
388.2
28.3
.1
8.9
321.3
1.5
—
22.9
5.2
23.9
1.7
(4)
.5
19.8
.1
—
1.4
.3
4,027.3
929.1
1.0
69.1
2,431.2
28.1
—
549.4
19.4
10.9
2.5
(4)
.2
6.6
.1
—
1.5
.1
Plant administration.......................................................................................................
Physical facilities, surroundings, e tc ......................................................................
Safety measures, dangerous equipment, e tc ........................................................
Supervision............................................................................................................
Shift w ork...............................................................................................................
Work assignm ents.................................................................................................
Speedup (workload)................................................................................................
Work rules..............................................................................................................
Overtime w o rk........................................................................................................
Discharge and discipline........................................................................................
Other.......................................................................................................................
506
41
45
24
21
51
19
38
53
122
92
12.0
1.0
1.1
.6
.5
1.2
.4
.9
1.3
2.9
2.2
172.2
11.7
16.8
12.5
7.1
30.4
4.8
9.0
12.4
48.7
18.8
10.6
.7
1.0
.8
.4
1.9
.3
.6
.8
3.0
1.2
10,612.4
40.7
38.6
48.3
92.6
74.3
42.1
111.3
245.4
9,778.7
140.4
28.7
.1
.1
.1
.3
.2
.1
.3
.7
26.5
.4
Other working conditions...............................................................................................
Arbitration...............................................................................................................
Grievance procedures............................................................................................
Unspecified contract violations..............................................................................
56
13
5
38
1.3
.3
.1
.9
30.7
6.4
.4
23.9
1.9
.4
(4)
1.5
181.8
41.3
4.9
135.6
.5
.1
See footnotes at end of table.
427
(4)
.4
Table 170. Work stoppages, by major issues, 1969-79— Continued
[W
orkers and days idle in thousands]
Stoppages beginning in 1978
Days idle during 1978
(all stoppages)
Workers involved
Major issue
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Number
Percent
Interunion or intraunion matters....................................................................................
Union rivalry1.........................................................................................................
Jurisdiction-representation of w orkers2................................................................
Jurisdiction-work assignm ent.................................................................................
Union administration3............................................................................................
Sym pathy...............................................................................................................
Other......................................................................................................................
100
3
3
63
1
29
1
2.4
.1
.1
1.5
( 4)
.7
( 4)
32.6
.5
1.2
15.6
.2
15.1
( 5)
2.0
( 4)
.1
1.0
( 4)
.9
( 4)
152.3
3.3
41.5
48.6
.7
58.1
.1
0.4
( 4)
.1
.1
Not rep o rted ..................................................................................................................
13
.3
.9
.1
8.7
( 4)
1 Includes disputes between unions of different affiliation, such as those
between A F L-C IO affiliates and independent organizations.
2 Includes disputes between unions, usually of the same affiliation or 2
locals of the same union, over representation of workers.
3 Includes disputes within a union over the administration of union affairs
or regulations.
428
( 4)
.2
( 4)
4 Less than 0.05 percent.
5 Fewer than 100 workers.
N o t e : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal
totals.
Table 171. Work stoppages by industry group, 1969-781
[W
orkers and days idle in thousands]
Stoppages
beginning in year
Days idle during year
(all stoppages)
Industry group
Number
Workers
involved
All industries......................... .........................................
Manufacturing................................................................................
Ordnance and a cce sso rie s................................. .«
...............
Food and kindred products...................................................
Tobacco manufactures...........................................................
Textile mill products...............................................................
Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics
and similar m aterials...........................................................
Lumber and wood products, except furniture........................
Furniture and fixtures.............................................................
Paper and allied products......................................................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries...............................
Chemicals and allied products...............................................
Petroleum refining and related industries..............................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products........................
Leather and leather products.................................................
Stone, clay, and glass products............................................
Primary metal industries........................................................
Fabricated metal products, except ordnance, machinery,
and transportation equipm ent.............................................
Machinery, except electrical...................................................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies......................
Transportation equipment.......................................................
Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks.................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries................................
8 5,700
*2,822
18
222
2
41
2,481.0
1,308.0
19.3
74.0
4.1
17.6
102
76
82
126
89
156
32
112
24
194
241
Nonmanufacturing.........................................................................
Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries..........................................
Mining.....................................................................................
Contract construction.............................................................
Transportation, communication, electric, gas, and sanitary
services...............................................................................
Wholesale and retail tra de.....................................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate.......................................
Se rvice s..................................................................................
Government • .........................................................................
F ed eral............................................................................
S ta te ................................................................................
L o cal................................................................................
Number
Percent of
estimated
total
working
tim e 1
Days idle during year
(all stoppages)
Stoppages
beginning in year
Number
Workers
involved
42,869.0
24,107.0
480.9
1,516.7
8.5
138.5
0.24
.47
.57
.33
.04
.06
*5,716
3,305.2
1,128.1
7.4
50.8
3.7
8.2
66,413.8
38,006.4
103.6
985.5
15.5
151.2
0.37
8 2,481
8
212
3
43
19.1
15.4
17.7
35.8
43.5
49.8
44.5
32.0
4.7
46.2
106.8
165.0
296.4
350.5
473.9
464.1
1,355.5
1,034.9
353.3
63.1
679.1
1,633.2
.05
.19
.28
.26
.17
.51
2.21
.24
.07
.40
.48
80
63
85
129
92
150
17
132
21
164
214
8.7
8.8
22.6
37.7
22.8
38.0
1.7
81.3
4.8
32.8
81.0
162.6
306.3
409.2
763.5
414.5
1,336.5
27.3
2,322.7
59.8
830.0
2,300.3
.05
.21
.35
.42
.15
.50
.06
1.60
.07
.51
.69
381
361
264
202
73.6
147.9
268.8
263.9
1,377.5
3,167.6
5,478.9
4,500.5
.37
.62
1.05
.87
323
292
191
158
117.5
118.5
133.2
326.8
3,444.2
3,602.9
6,208.1
14,033.9
.97
.72
1.27
3.02
26
71
8.7
14.5
314.2
224.7
.26
.20
31
73
10.1
11.7
223.3
305.5
.19
.28
8 2,893
16
495
963
1,174.0
14.6
220.4
433.1
18,763.0
228.5
1,156.9
19,385.8
.14
.08
.72
1.19
8 3,240
27
544
1,137
2,177.1
11.2
211.4
621.0
28,407.4
250.3
849.6
15,240.4
.21
.09
.54
1.79
320
470
22
186
411
2
37
372
212.0
92.6
6.5
34.6
160.0
0.6
20.5
139.0
4,030.9
1,309.9
199.9
705.1
745.7
1.1
152.4
592.2
.36
.04
.02
.02
.02
400
487
23
210
412
3
23
386
858.5
73.6
18.8
49.0
333.5
155.8
8.8
168.8
7,212.8
1,875.8
282.0
673.2
2,023.3
648.3
44.6
1,330.4
.63
.05
.03
.02
.06
(4);
n
<)
4
n
1971
All industries....................................................................
3,279.6
862.7
2.7
85.4
9.2
5.0
47,589.1
18,484.8
41.6
868.0
347.6
70.3
0.26
.39
.08
.19
1.85
.03
*5,010
8 2,056
6
190
2
47
1,713.6
645.9
8.3
75.0
75
66
73
98
81
132
13
88
16
156
235
19.3
7.3
10.9
34.9
28.7
21.3
7.6
27.9
6.5
29.9
100.9
197.4
194.8
316.2
1,006.2
793.7
687.5
99.9
426.4
95.6
544.9
2,622.6
.06
.13
.27
.58
.29
.27
.21
.29
.12
.34
.84
350
332
174
168
95.2
124.1
109.1
119.6
2,028.2
3,293.2
1,549.4
2,742.9
29
44
9.3
7.7
402.0
156.4
429
.77
.16
.22
.08
.06
<
4>
«4j
1972
*5,138
8 2,391
5
215
5
36
See footnotes at end of table.
Percent of
estimated
total
working
tim e 1
1970
1969
Manufacturing................................................................................
Ordnance and a cce sso rie s....................................................
Food and kindred products....................................................
Tobacco m anufactures...........................................................
Textile mill products...............................................................
Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics
and similar m aterials...........................................................
Lumber and wood products, except furniture........................
Furniture and fixtures.............................................................
Paper and allied p rod u cts......................................................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries................................
Chemicals and allied products...............................................
Petroleum refining and related industries...............................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products........................
Leather and leather products.................................................
Stone, clay, and glass products.............................................
Primary metal industries.........................................................
Fabricated metal products, except ordnance, machinery,
and transportation equipm ent.............................................
Machinery, except electrical.................................... .*
..............
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies......................
Transportation equipment.......................................................
Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photo
graphic and optical goods; watches and clocks.................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.................................
Number
13.8
27,066.4
12,282.6
266.8
1,282.9
1.8
107.0
0.15
.26
.56
.29
.01
.04
70
76
76
74
65
98
11
95
14
140
165
12.0
13.9
14.3
14.5
13.3
19.6
4.5
23.4
2.9
23.2
53.0
694.0
211.1
229.4
273.3
271.7
726.6
126.8
272.4
45.8
376.0
1,310.9
.21
.14
.18
.16
.10
.29
.26
.17
.06
.23
.42
.60
.72
.34
.62
286
281
161
133
51.1
79.9
95.4
116.8
1,122.4
2,287.8
695.4
1,734.2
.32
.49
.15
.39
.37
.15
22
44
4.9
6.0
134.3
111.9
.12
.10
<
3)
Table 171. Work stoppages by industry group, 1969-78— Continued
[W
orkers and days idle in thousands]
Stoppages
beginning in year
Days idle during year
(all stoppages)
Industry group
Number
Workers
involved
Number
Percent of
estimated
total
working
tim e 1
Number
1971— Continued
Nonmanufacturing.........................................................................
Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries..........................................
Mining.....................................................................................
Contract construction.............................................................
Transportation, communication, electric, gas, and sanitary
services...............................................................................
W holesale and retail tra de.....................................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate.......................................
Se rvice s..................................................................................
G overnm ent6.........................................................................
Fed e ra l............................................................................
S ta te ................................................................................
C ounty.............................................................................
L o c a l................................................................................
City...................................................................................
School district..................................................................
Other local governm ent..................................................
Days idle during year
(all stoppages)
Stoppages
beginning in year
Workers
involved
Number
Percent of
estimated
total
working
tim e 1
1972— Continued
a 2,762
7
657
751
2,416.8
1.5
383.2
451.3
29,104.3
4.2
4,934.4
6,849.6
0.22
, (*)
3.23
.83
a 2,954
12
1,000
701
1,067.7
5.3
267.1
454.2
14,783.8
90.9
724.3
7,843.7
0.11
.03
.47
.88
316
502
23
177
329
2
23
—
304
—
1,266.7
134.0
2.1
25.7
152.6
1.0
14.5
—
137.1
—
13,419.9
2,086.4
61.7
847.1
901.4
8.1
81.8
—
811.5
—
1.18
.05
.01
.03
.03
( 4)
( 4)
—
( 4)
—
—
—
256
389
23
198
375
—
40
30
—
128
171
6
114.6
52.3
2.7
29.3
142.1
—
27.4
8.8
3,245.0
1,131.6
52.7
438.4
1,257.3
.29
.03
.01
.01
.04
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1973
—
273.7
50.3
—
—
19.9
85.6
4
135.6
796.0
1.6
—
—
—
1974
All industries....................................................................
a 5,353
2,250.7
27,948.4
0.14
6,074
2,777.7
47,990.9
0.24
Manufacturing................................................................................
Ordnance and a cce sso rie s....................................................
Food and kindred products....................................................
Tobacco m anufactures...........................................................
Textile mill products...............................................................
Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics
and similar m aterials..........................................................
Lumber and wood products, except furniture........................
Furniture and fixtures.............................................................
Paper and allied products......................................................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries................................
Chem icals and allied products...............................................
Petroleum refining and related industries...............................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products........................
Leather and leather products.................................................
Stone, clay, and glass products.............................................
Primary metal industries.........................................................
Fabricated metal products, except ordnance, machinery,
and transportation equipm ent................ ....... ....... ......
Machinery, except electrical...................................................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies......................
Transportation equipment.......................................................
Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photo
graphic and optical goods; watches and clocks.................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.................................
a 2,282
5
186
—
46
963.4
4.4
69.5
—
9.4
14,318.5
222.2
1,007.9
—
268.0
.29
.46
.23
—
.to
2,823
6
265
?
45
1,145.3
2.4
68.2
6.0
22.7
23,598.8
153.2
1,539.1
68.2
756.4
.47
.33
.35
.35
.30
45
65
82
98
83
132
15
143
10
176
171
11.2
16.8
14.7
23.9
23.2
32.1
9.1
102.3
2.1
28.5
56.6
999.4
248.6
290.9
410.3
281.1
501.1
536.8
1,743.0
22.7
629.5
760.5
.30
.16
.22
.23
.10
.19
1.14
1.01
.03
.36
.23
66
87
88
136
69
156
25
126
15
167
225
100.8
19.5
20.0
35.8
23.5
41.5
5.5
38.2
6.0
35.3
73.3
893.2
332.4
309.0
685.2
545.0
1,599.8
148.1
971.1
122.8
1,003.9
1,585.9
.26
.21
.23
.38
.19
.60
.30
.57
.17
.58
.47
295
323
173
160
76.7
167.0
87.1
206.2
1,239.9
2,006.4
1,234.2
1,437.9
.34
.39
.25
.31
423
401
220
197
87.6
170.4
182.8
181.0
2,101.9
3,026.1
3,643.0
3,739.3
.56
.55
.72
.83
35
43
13.8
8.9
278.3
200.0
.22
.18
41
69
14.0
10.7
165.3
209.7
.12
.19
Nonmanufacturing.........................................................................
Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries..........................................
Mining.....................................................................................
Contract construction.............................................................
Transportation, communication, electric, gas, and sanitary
services...............................................................................
W holesale and retail tra de.....................................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate.......................................
S e rvice s..................................................................................
G overnm ent6.........................................................................
Fed e ra l............................................................................
Sta te ................................................................................
County.............................................................................
Lo cal................................................................................
City...................................................................................
School district..................................................................
Other local governm ent..................................................
Special district7...............................................................
a 3,072
11
1,079
539
1,287.3
23.2
301.0
367.4
13,629.9
479.0
865.4
3,663.4
.09
.15
.55
.40
3,253
13
1,050
688
1,632.4
21.5
501.3
629.8
24,392.1
459.7
4,061.0
12,721.0
.16
.14
2.40
1.27
324
499
24
210
387
1
29
40
192.7
136.0
3.5
67.7
195.9
.5
12.3
13.4
3,296.5
2,123.6
80.2
822.5
2,299.3
4.6
133.0
89.2
.28
.05
.01
.03
.07
—
—
320
549
29
220
384
2
34
32
140.2
137.0
2.6
39.2
160.7
.5
24.7
14.6
3,225.5
1,757.8
62.9
700.1
1,404.2
1.4
86.4
96.5
.27
.04
.01
.02
.04
—
—
95
210
14
17.2
149.2
3.9
—
102.8
1,920.4
53.9
—
116
( 4)
( 4)
200
36.5
( 4)
( 4)
84.3
See footnotes at end of table.
430
—
_
—
—
—
227.7
( 4)
( 4)
992.1.
—
_
—
—
—
Table 171. Work stoppages by industry group, 1969-78— Continued
[Workers and days idle in thousands]
Stoppages
beginning in year
Days idle during year
(all stoppages)
Industry group
Number
Workers
involved
Number
Percent of
estimated
total
working
tim e 1
Days idle during year
(all stoppages)
Stoppages
beginning in year
Number
Workers
involved
Number
Percent of
estimated
total
working
time 1
1976
1975
All industries....................................................................
5,031
1,745.6
31,237.0
0.16
5,648
2,420.0
37,858.9
0.19
Manufacturing................................................................................
Ordnance and a cce sso rie s....................................................
Food and kindred products....................................................
Tobacco manufactures...........................................................
Textile mill products...............................................................
Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics
and similar m aterials....... ...................................................
Lumber and wood products, except furniture........................
Furniture and fixtures.............................................................
Paper and allied products......................................................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries................................
Chemicals and allied products...............................................
Petroleum refining and related industries...............................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products........................
Leather and leather products.................................................
Stone, clay, and glass products.............................................
Primary metal industries.........................................................
Fabricated metal products, except ordnance, machinery,
and transportation equipm ent.............................................
Machinery, except electrical...................................................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies......................
Transportation equipment.......................................................
Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photographic and optical goods; watches and clocks.................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.................................
1,897
9
166
—
21
463.8
6.9
29.1
—
2.2
14,876.1
193.7
838.4
—
27.3
.32
.45
.20
—
.01
2,245
1
227
1
36
974.5
.8
90.4
.1
7.9
24,263.1
42.1
1,848.0
3.2
115.0
.51
.11
.43
.02
.05
55
61
57
68
47
109
30
57
9
140
161
10.0
17.2
11.6
12.2
13.5
17.7
20.4
10.4
1.0
17.6
42.6
109.5
282.6
354.4
622.2
237.6
747.4
613.3
238.1
9.3
484.3
1,168.9
.04
.20
31
.38
.09
.29
1.23
.16
.01
.31
.39
47
69
73
95
54
129
17
120
12
146
197
11.6
10.8
10.3
23.0
13.1
28.8
1.1
93.1
2.6
28.0
54.9
230.5
429.4
266.6
479.0
225.4
1,116.8
19.1
6,082.4
55.1
612.5
1,304.3
.07
.28
.22
.28
.08
.43
.04
3.93
.08
.39
.43
309
274
120
137
48.6
74.4
34.0
77.9
1,779.3
2,370.8
850.7
3,404.9
.53
.45
.19
.82
309
309
204
130
63.8
144.5
134.8
238.1
1,631.5
2,721.8
2,235.5
4,322.9
.47
.52
.48
.99
32
37
10.7
5.8
287.9
255.6
.23
.25
29
60
5.3
11.4
128.1
393.9
.10
.37
Nonmanufacturing.........................................................................
Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries..........................................
Mining......................................................................................
Contract construction.............................................................
Transportation, communication, electric, gas, and sanitary
services...............................................................................
Wholesale and retail tra d e.....................................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate.......................................
Se rvice s..................................................................................
G overnm ent6.........................................................................
F ed eral............................................................................
S ta te ................................................................................
County.............................................................................
City..............................................:....................................
School district..................................................................
Other local governm ent..................................................
Special district7..............................................................
3,134
7
1,165
600
1,281.8
.7
391.6
308.0
16,360.9
35.9
1,642.8
7,307.3
.11
.01
.88
.84
3,406
10
1,425
503
1,445.5
2.4
514.7
172.4
13,595.8
13.9
2,220.1
3,239.8
.09
(3)
1.13
.36
268
371
18
228
478
—
32
44
252
(4)
(4J
150
166.8
63.4
3.0
29.9
318.5
—
66.6
15.0
192.3
(4)
(4)
44.7
3,089.0
1,426.0
169.0
486.6
2,204.4
—
300.5
78.8
1,419.4
(4)
(4)
405.7
.27
.03
.02
.01
.06
—
—
—
386.4
55.8
25.4
107.3
180.7
( 3)
33.8
27.2
82.6
(4)
(4)
37.0
3,461.3
1,311.3
273.0
1,383.6
1,690.7
( 3)
148.2
305.5
712.9
(4)
(4)
524.2
.30
.03
.03
.04
.04
—
—
—
—
—
—
354
467
27
243
378
1
25
59
177
(4)
(4)
116
All industries....................................................................
5,506
2,040.1
35,821.8
0.17
4,130
1,622.6
36,921.5
0.17
Manufacturing................................................................................
Ordnance and a cce sso rie s....................................................
Food and kindred products....................................................
Tobacco manufactures...........................................................
Textile mill products...............................................................
Apparel and other finished products made from fabrics
and similar m aterials...........................................................
Lumber and wood products, except furniture........................
Furniture and fixtures.............................................................
Paper and allied p rod u cts......................................................
Printing, publishing, and allied industries................................
Chemicals and allied products...............................................
Petroleum refining and related industries...............................
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products........................
Leather and leather products.................................................
Stone, clay, and glass products.............................................
Primary metal industries.........................................................
Fabricated metal products, except ordnance, machinery,
and transportation equipm ent.............................................
2,537
3
221
6
40
787.7
1.8
54.0
*7.4
4.3
18,331.4
46.3
1,501.4
167.6
86.4
.37
.12
.35
.95
.03
2,121
3
171
2
41
567.8
1.7
33.3
.2
14.0
15,602.0
88.1
558.2
1.0
341.3
.31
( 4)
.13
.01
.15
65
78
93
82
57
111
23
88
19
139
239
10.3
19.5
10.7
24.1
9.7
19.3
6.3
14.7
6.9
44.8
90.6
182.7,
340.7
202.8
507.8
241.2
636.0
172.3
343.4
259.0
987.8
2,166.8
.06
.21
.16
.29
.09
.24
.33
.20
.39
.60
.71
40
69
60
102
37
113
21
89
8
133
187
5.8
12.5
8.9
39.6
25.0
16.8
6.3
17.1
1.6
19.7
45.2
136.7
270.9
297.2
2,177.5
794.3
632.6
88.0
362.0
42.8
469.1
1,377.6
.04
.14
.24
1.24
.27
.23
.17
.19
.07
.27
.46
354
57.2
1,466.0
.40
360
60.0
1,682.7
.41
—
1977
See footnotes at end of table.
431
—
—
—
—
1978
Table 171. Work stoppages by industry group, 1969-78— Continued
[W
orkars and days idle in thousands]
Stoppages
beginning in year
Days idle during year
(all stoppages)
Industry group
Number
Workers
involved
Number
Percent of
estimated
total
working
tim e 1
Stoppages
beginning in year
Number
1977— Continued
M anufacturings Continued
Machinery, except electrical...................................................
Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies......................
Transportation equipment......................................................
Professional, scientific, and controlling instruments; photo
graphic and optical goods; watches and clocks.................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.................................
Nonmanufacturing.........................................................................
Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries..........................................
Mining.....................................................................................
Contract construction.............................................................
Transportation, communication, electric, gas, and sanitary
services...............................................................................
Wholesale and retail tra de.....................................................
Finance, insurance, and real estate.......................................
S e r v ic e s ................................................................................
G overnm ent6 .........................................................................
F ed eral............................................................................
S ta te ................................................................................
County.............................................................................
City..................................................................................
School district........................ .........................................
Other local government..................................................
Special district7...............................................................
Number
Percent of
estimated
total
working
time 1
1978— Continued
451
199
189
139.6
76.2
172.0
3,266.9
1,076.3
1,175.5
.59
.22
.92
277
190
149
83.5
79.0
81.6
2,159.7
1,209.5
2,447.2
.37
.25
.50
39
48
8.7
9.5
216.4
288.1
.16
.27
33
36
10.4
5.6
289.6
175.8
.18
.15
2,970
10
999
486
1,252.3
1.1
676.4
217.5
17,485.8
23.7
7,280.5
3,284.4
.11
.01
3.48
.34
2,110
14
275
385
1,054.8
1.7
114.4
169.3
21,319.5
35.4
10,260.6
2,271.8
.13
.01
4.89
.21
303
486
23
250
413
2
44
73
192
(4)
(4)
102
56.1
86.3
2.8
41.9
170.2
.4
33.7
24.0
72.0
(4)
(4)
40.2
2,157.1
1,988.0
966
889.8
1,765.7
.5
181.9
264.3
864.7
(4)
(4)
454.3
.19
.04
.01
.03
.05
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
259
445
21
232
481
1
45
67
262
(4)
(4)
106
394.8
117.3
7.2
56.4
193.7
4.8
17.9
16.1
124.4
(4)
<
4)
30.5
4,452.5
1,757.9
133.4
701.2
1,706.7
27.8
180.2
185.6
1,047.5
(4)
(4 )
265.7
.37
.04
.01
.02
.04
—
—
—
—
—
—
A g ricu ltu ral and government employees are included in the total em
ployed and total working time; private household, forestry, and fishery em
ployees are excluded. An explanation of the measurement of idleness as a
percentage of the total employed labor force and of the total time worked is
found in “Total Economy Measure of Strike Idleness,” M o n th ly L a b o r
R e v ie w , Oct. 1968.
3
Stoppages extending into 2 industry groups or more have been counted
in each industry affected; workers involved and days idle were allocated to
the respective groups.
3 Less than 0.005 percent, or fewer than 100 workers or days.
4 Not available.
Workers
involved
Days idle during year
(all stoppages)
432
—;
5 Municipally operated utilities are included in transportation, communica
tion, and other public utilities.
6 For statistical purposes, the stoppages reported have been deemed to
fall within the Bureau’s definition at a work stoppage. The decision does not
constitute a legal determination that a work stoppage has taken place in
violation of any law or public policy.
7 Includes all stoppages that cross jurisdictional lines as well as those
that occur in specially created districts that do not conform to pre-existing
boundary lines. 1974 data are not directly comparable with 1975 data due
to refinement in the interpretation of special districts.
N o t e : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
Table 172. Work stoppages by State, 1969-78
[W
orkers and days idle in thousands]
1970
1969
Stoppages beginning in
year
S ta te 1
Number
Workers
involved
Days idle (all stoppages)
Number
Percent of
estimated
private
nonfarm
working tim e 2
Stoppages beginning in
year
Number
Workers
involved
Days idle (all stoppages)
Number
Percent of
estimated
private
nonfarm
working time 2
United States.....................................
1 5,700
2,481.0
42,869.0
0.28
1 5,716
3,305.2
66,413.8
0.44
Alabam a....................................................
A la sk a .......................................................
Arizona......................................................
Arkansas...................................................
California...................................................
83
18
26
29
368
24.3
3.6
4.4
4.7
159.5
366.2
46.7
40.0
114.6
2,993.6
.18
.35
.04
.10
.21
98
17
32
30
343
53.6
1.5
11.7
12.1
288.2
1,913.4
35.4
222.6
320.1
3,665.3
.94
.24
.20
.29
.22
Colorado...................................................
Connecticut...............................................
Delaware...................................................
District of Colum bia..................................
Florida.......................................................
63
99
24
19
107
13.3
47.2
9.1
10.9
59.5
143.4
765.1
237.2
169.2
1,157.5
.09
.28
.52
.21
.26
43
91
29
25
130
15.8
39.4
14.4
7.7
30.7
193.5
620.7
279.3
82.5
626.7
.12
.21
.60
.09
.14
G eo rgia.....................................................
H aw aii.......................................................
Idaho.........................................................
Illinois........................................................
Indiana......................................................
64
26
16
448
214
19.3
18.0
1.2
174.3
100.0
593.3
204.6
17.7
2,389.3
1,408.9
.19
.03
.05
.24
.34
72
22
15
413
220
44.9
6.8
5.6
255.2
117.6
1,606.8
152.7
35.5
4,860.8
3,328.7
.49
.26
.09
.50
.82
Iowa...........................................................
K a n sas......................................................
Kentucky...................................................
Louisiana...................................................
M a in e .........................................................
98
33
184
75
18
27.5
12.7
91.9
23.0
2.1
490.4
288.8
1,218.3
668.0
33.9
.27
.21
.65
.31
.05
89
49
161
55
21
27.6
30.8
103.9
21.6
7.7
501.1
574.7
1,072.6
:46.5
125.7
.28
.43
.50
.21
.18
M aryland................................................... .
M assachusetts..........................................
M ichigan...................................................
Minnesota.................................................
M ississip p i.................................................
81
172
305
75
22
38.2
85.4
90.2
11.0
4.9
594.6
1,956.9
1,614.5
155.8
117.6
.22
.39
.22
.06
.10
91
184
313
114
35
43.1
53.5
323.6
58.8
11.6
782.0
1,419.2
11,143.5
1,514.8
211.5
.28
.28
1.75
.53
.19
Missouri..................................................... .
Montana.....................................................
N eb raska...................................................
Nevada.......................................................
New Ham pshire.........................................
190
15
29
22
23
135.7
2.9
6.6
11.7
3.1
5,046.9
30.4
207.2
66.1
88.4
1.42
.08
.22
.16
.15
169
18
36
23
22
123.4
6.3
15.8
29.5
3.6
4,618.2
28.1
248.2
269.1
37.0
1.32
.07
.26
.64
.06
New Jersey................................................
New Mexico...............................................
New Y ork...................................................
North Carolina............................................
North Dakota..............................................
225
19
521
48
7
68.3
4.4
248.5
11.0
.6
1,099.2
29.2
4,389.1
224.1
8.9
.19
.06
.29
.06
.01
280
28
570
45
12
136.9
6.2
358.0
12.5
3.0
2,156.4
43.9
5,872.7
116.2
17.2
.34
.08
.36
.10
.06
O hio...........................................................
O klahom a..................................................
O regon.......................................................
Pennsylvania.............................................
Rhode Island.............................................
672
34
60
655
52
272.1
10.3
12.1
255.4
15.7
3,205.7
229.5
182.2
3,447.1
382.1
.37
.15
.13
.35
.48
632
28
39
636
39
333.4
8.8
21.9
278.2
16.3
7,457.6
155.3
244.2
3,695.1
270.1
.86
.10
.17
.37
.36
South C aro lin a...........................................
South D akota............................................ .
Tennessee.................................................
T e x a s .........................................................
Utah...........................................................
20
10
133
141
19
3.8
.8
37.8
90.1
5.8
95.2
9.8
597.0
2,652.7
41.4
.04
.03
.21
.35
.06
14
21
107
141
22
4.5
2.2
45.8
59.2
10.1
65.6
24.1
1,261.3
789.7
31.6
.04
.08
.45
.10
.04
Verm ont.................................................... .
Virginia.......................................................
W ashington...............................................
West Virginia.............................................
W isco nsin.................................................
Wyoming...................................................
9
133
72
245
116
9
2.4
41.0
29.7
114.5
58.0
2.2
64.4
454.4
416.9
881.5
1,176.2
53.5
.21
.16
.18
.78
.36
.27
21
127
57
313
119
8
6.1
48.0
17.3
117.0
49.2
2.7
188.5
316.8
310.7
1,067.3
1,362.7
6.1
.60
.11
.14
1.00
.41
.03
See footnotes at end of table.
433
Table 172. Work stoppages, by State, 1969-78— Continued
[W
orkers and days idle in thousands]
1971
Stoppages beginning in
year
S ta te 1
Number
Workers
involved
1972
Days idle (all stoppages)
Number
Percent of
estimated
private
nonfarm
working time 2
Stoppages beginning in
year
Number
Workers
involved
Days idle (all stoppages)
Number
Percent of
estimated
private
nonfarm
working time 2
United States......................................
1 5,138
3,279.6
47,589.1
0.32
1 5,010
1,713.6
27,066.4
0.17
Alabam a.....................................................
A la s k a ........................................................
Arizona.......................................................
Arkansas....................................................
California....................................................
79
8
37
25
315
44.5
.4
30.4
9.7
387.9
777.2
11.4
461.2
78.9
5,135.9
.38
.08
.40
.07
.37
91
11
34
21
301
23.5
2.1
7.6
2.2
113.3
303.7
13.6
109.7
60.4
2,149.7
.13
.08
.08
.05
.14
C o lo rad o ....................................................
Connecticut................................................
Delaware....................................................
District of Colum bia...................................
F lorida.................... ...................................
54
71
36
31
82
24.4
29.4
12.6
16.7
44.3
193.8
471.3
292.9
126.6
445.4
.13
.18
.64
.16
.10
35
72
28
20
83
13.7
21.0
6.7
20.1
15.4
298.3
250.0
46.5
202.2
283.2
.19
.10
.08
.21
.06
G eo rgia......................................................
H aw aii........................................................
Idaho..........................................................
Illinois.........................................................
Indiana.......................................................
56
21
20
356
197
35.8
3.7
9.7
228.8
96.6
389.8
32.2
66.2
2,419.4
1,467.9
.12
.05
.16
.25
.38
68
21
13
345
181
27.5
9.3
1.6
162.2
56.0
263.2
73.7
29.8
1,758.8
1,066.7
.07
.12
.07
.19
.24
Iowa............................................................
K a n sa s.......................................................
Kentucky....................................................
L ou isian a...................................................
M a in e .........................................................
84
32
150
52
14
45.6
30.9
112.4
35.1
6.5
710.6
238.5
1,228.5
396.5
154.7
.40
.18
.65
.19
.23
79
28
156
46
10
16.5
6.5
73.9
5.6
.8
259.0
57.4
489.5
133.8
12.4
.14
.03
.24
.06
.02
Maryland....................................................
M assachusetts...........................................
M ichig an....................................................
M innesota..................................................
M ississip p i.................................................
79
154
282
75
25
46.3
42.2
126.3
58.4
23.1
558.4
675.2
2,942.8
557.2
240.9
.21
.14
.46
.21
.21
65
155
167
53
18
21.0
31.4
54.2
59.7
3.6
289.1
393.9
851.3
1,749.5
83.4
.10
.08
.13
.63
.07
Missouri......................................................
Montana.....................................................
N eb raska...................................................
Nevada.......................................................
New Ham pshire.........................................
171
25
37
22
17
73.7
14.0
28.8
7.6
1.9
824.4
428.5
204.1
59.7
21.8
.24
1.12
.21
.14
.04
120
28
14
21
18
56.0
2.6
2.4
3.4
2.4
746.9
37.5
43.1
149.8
40.4
.21
.08
.04
.33
.07
New Jersey................................................
New M exico...............................................
New Y ork...................................................
North Carolina............................................
North Dakota.............................................
281
24
399
38
12
114.0
11.8
253.2
26.6
6.6
1,910.8
108.7
7,256.4
276.5
25.5
.32
.20
.49
.07
.09
186
14
392
50
11
43.3
1.5
159.9
15.0
.5
1,023.7
31.0
4,510.5
78.8
12.4
.18
.05
.30
.02
.04
Ohio............................................................
O klahom a..................................................
O regon.......................................................
Pennsylvania....... ......................................
Rhode Island..............................................
524
31
43
674
29
250.5
13.1
38.1
336.2
3.8
3,872.6
139.7
512.9
5,056.6
47.5
.47
.09
.35
.52
.06
521
35
46
616
35
162.5
3.2
8.8
171.7
6.9
2,465.1
57.9
186.1
2,691.1
84.3
.29
.04
.12
.23
.09
South Caro lin a...........................................
South D akota.............................................
Tennessee.................................................
T e x a s .........................................................
Utah............................................................
13
10
97
134
19
9.4
5.6
46.7
110.1
19.9
103.5
53.2
589.5
922.5
238.8
.06
.17
.21
.12
.35
19
12
111
99
26
3.5
1.7
40.6
50.0
4.1
38.7
51.9
494.6
1,378.1
59.3
.02
.16
.16
.17
.08
Verm ont.....................................................
Virginia.......................................................
W ashington...............................................
West Virginia..............................................
W isco nsin..................................................
W yoming....................................................
5
120
67
426
116
16
.6
76.5
66.0
202.9
52.1
8.1
19.7
777.6
1,071.5
2,244.1
695.9
53.8
.06
.26
.53
2.09
.21
.26
9
192
58
516
88
7
2.2
36.3
13.0
137.8
27.9
1.2
226.2
163.4
362.0
517.1
381.0
7.1
.72
.05
.17
.46
.11
.03
See footnotes at end of table.
434
'
Table 172. Work stoppages by State, 1969-78— Continued
[Workers and days idle in thousands]
1974
1973
Stoppages beginning in
year
S ta te 1
Number
Workers
involved
Days idle (all stoppages)
- ■______
Percent of
estimated
private
Number
nonfarm
working tim e 2
Stoppages beginning in
year
L-___ ; _________________
_
Workers
involved
Number
Days idle i(all stoppages)
Number
Percent of
estimated
nonagricultural
working tim e 2
United States.....................................
1 5,353
2,250.7
27,948.4
0.16
6,074
2,777.7
47,990.9
0.24
Alabam a....................................................
A la sk a .......................................................
Arizona......................................................
Arkansas...................................................
California.................. ................................
90
8
37
26
323
26.4
.7
8.3
7.0
165.6
385.2
27.8
53.5
121.3
2,758.5
.13
.10
.03
.08
.12
106
24
28
53
462
34.6
9.2
25.0
17.6
340.1
856.2
61.9
558.8
229.5
6,544.2
.29
.20
.30
.14
.33
Co lo rad o ...................................................
Connecticut..............................................
Delaware...................................................
District of Colum bia..................................
Florida.......................................................
44
61
24
13
74
15.8
26.8
11.8
3.0
16.3
263.3
806.3
106.0
70.3
385.5
.12
.26
.18
.04
.06
40
65
25
30
77
10.5
11.1
14.8
10.6
45.9
134.5
242.8
79.1
93.1
1,250.1
.06
.08
.13
.05
.17
G eo rgia.....................................................
H aw aii.......................................................
Idaho........................................................
Illinois........................................................
Indiana......................................................
77
11
16
372
190
24.5
9.6
3.8
287.0
85.2
228.8
97.1
54.3
1,755.1
923.7
.05
.12
.09
.16
.18
52
24
21
416
206
16.2
17.9
11.6
211.6
92.3
166.2
462.7
343.9
3,792.9
1,937.3
.04
.55
.52
.34
.38
Iowa..........................................................
K a n sa s......................................................
Kentucky...................................................
Louisiana.................................................. .
M a in e ........................................................1
73
26
205
54
12
24.8
2.8
84.3
16.7
2.3
263.7
30.7
710.3
501.1
18.3
.11
.02
.27
.17
.02
105
48
207
69
10
32.4
5.7
95.7
45.4
2.3
571.7
107.3
1,059.1
773.2
24.0
.23
.05
.39
.26
.03
M aryland................................................... J
M assachusetts...........................................
M ichig an................................................... ^
M innesota................................................. j
M ississip p i.................................................
69
142
262
76
25
19.8
34.7
210.7
10.6
11.5
250.1
480.3
1,788.8
335.6
114.9
.07
.08
.22
.09
.07
69
160
346
87
27
36.3
65.9
121.7
19.9
25.0
487.2
1,128.1
3,130.8
401.1
517.3
.14
.19
.38
.11
.30
Missouri......................................................
Montana.................................................... N eb raska...................................................
Nevada...................................................... New Ham pshire......................... ...............
130
18
19
19
16
62.2
4.9
4.8
4.5
1.1
1,016.3
26.3
366.4
33.4
34.6
.23
.05
.27
.05
.05
179
23
21
33
18
88.5
13.1
11.7
10.2
1.6
2,439.9
343.7
343.4
215.9
27.7
.54
.58
.25
.33
.04
New Jersey................................................
New Mexico...............................................
New Y ork...................................................
North Carolina............................................
North Dakota.............................................
202
18
386
45
13
77.0
3.9
149.1
9.5
.7
1,098.9
140.9
1,608.3
, 62.6
10.0
.16
.16
.09
.01
.02
226
27
377
51
7
62.5
5.8
132.1
18.1
.8
846.7
96.1
1,664.7
542.4
4.7
.12
.11
.09
.11
.01
O hio...........................................................
O klahom a..................................................
O regon.......................................................
Pennsylvania.............................................
Rhode Island.............................................
502
28
64
623
30
216.7
6.2 '
37.8
201.8
13.3
2,647.5
169.8
821.7
3,031.8
198.5
.25
.08
.35
.27
.22
560
72
721
32
205.4
14.8
25.9
293.2
6.1
3,335.1
380.5
430.5
South C arolin a...........................................
South D akota.............................................
Tennessee.................................................
T e x a s .........................................................
Utah...........................................................
15
12
104
97
8
1.7
.6
35.8
24.0
1.1
78.8
6.2
796.4
1,451.1
9.1
.03
.01
.21
.14
.01
14
13
112
136
31
Verm ont.....................................................
Virginia.......................................................
W ashington...............................................
W est Virginia.............................................
W isco nsin..................................................
W yoming....................... ............................
3
234
62
614
110
6
.7
55.6
13.6
172.7
40.6
.5
4.8
261.9
262.8
607.5
670.2
2.0
.01
.06
.09
.43
.16
.01
5
204
150
563
See footnotes at end of table.
435
47
117
9
4.7
4.3
41.9
44.9
17.7
.4
88.3
105.1
197.4
60.6
2.7
J3
2
112.7
.17
.20
.35
.12
160.6
79.3
918.0
1,003.6
161.5
.06
.15
.23
.09
.15
2.8
1,055.8
2,113.5
1,598.1
1,195.5
20.5
.01
.23
.70
3,944.7
1.11
.28
.06
Table 172. Work stoppages by State, 1969-78— Continued
[Workers and days idle in thousands]
1976
1975
Stoppages beginning in
year
Days idle (all stoppages)
S ta te 1
Number
Workers
involved
Number
Percent of
estimated
nonagricultural
working tim e 2
Stoppages beginning in
year
Number
Workers
involved
Days idle (all stoppages)
Number
Percent of
estimated
nonagricultural
working tim e 2
United States......................................
5,031
1,745.6
31,237.0
0.16
5,648
2,240.0
37,858.9
0.19
Alabam a.....................................................
A la s k a ........................................................
Arizona.......................................................
A rkansas....................................................
California....................................................
63
18
27
13
313
15.1
5.7
10.4
3.0
98.8
239.6
37.0
137.2
85.7
1,713.0
.08
.09
.08
.05
.09
150
19
30
23
332
58.0
9.7
16.8
7.7
152.3
1,315.5
70.6
181.7
270.8
2,788.7
.43
.16
.10
.14
.14
C o lo rad o ....................................................
Connecticut...............................................
Delaware....................................................
District of Colum bia...................................
F lorida........................................................
47
69
33
31
54
15.2
24.9
12.8
32.8
21.5
204.7
1,309.1
140.5
807.6
637.8
.09
.43
.25
.55
.09
38
68
8
16
55
7.7
21.1
3.3
4.9
17.4
91.2
621.1
21.5
111.2
269.1
.04
.20
.04
.08
.04
G eo rg ia......................................................
H aw aii........................................................
Idaho..........................................................
Illinois.........................................................
Indiana.......................................................
46
13
18
382
173
20.6
1.9
3.1
151.5
38.6
255.9
32.4
23.1
2,351.3
718.5
.06
.04
.03
.21
.15
52
20
13
421
193
20.1
3.0
4.7
151.4
88.1
328.4
35.3
171.7
1,891.0
1,593.2
.07
.04
.23
.17
.31
Iowa...........................................................
K a n sa s.......................................................
Kentucky....................................................
L ou isian a...................................................
M a in e .........................................................
66
28
171
49
9
15.7
3.4
57.3
18.2
.7
293.7
114.7
666.0
535.7
12.7
.12
.06
.25
.18
.01
78
31
211
46
19
47.1
15.2
111.3
8.9
7.8
1,109.6
504.6
1,339.4
159.5
93.0
.43
.24
.48
.05
.10
Maryland....................................................
M assachusetts...........................................
M ichig an....................................................
M innesota..................................................
M ississip p i.................................................
58
109
189
91
18
22.9
34.1
35.0
41.7
2.9
590.9
876.4
934.6
672.1
87.8
.16
.15
.12
.18
.05
52
129
260
115
26
21.0
61.2
209.0
22.8
6.7
390.9
741.6
3,151.3
465.4
126.5
.10
.13
.38
.12
.07
Missouri......................................................
Montana.....................................................
N eb raska...................................................
Nevada.......................................................
New Ham pshire.........................................
108
30
17
17
15
31.4
5.6
7.2
1.8
1.6
1,608.7
84.8
100.6
13.2
25.6
.37
.14
.07
.02
.03
163
23
14
14
10
62.7
2.9
6.7
21.5
2.2
1,197.3
14.8
175.9
240.7
47.4
.27
.02
.12
.34
.06
New Jersey................................................
New Mexico...............................................
New Y ork...................................................
North Carolina............................................
North Dakota..............................................
191
13
338
13
10
65.3
1.8
169.7
2.7
1.5
1,039.7
47.0
2,227.6
172.6
37.7
.15
.05
.13
.03
.08
248
19
345
36
10
69.4
8.9
167.2
15.1
.7
1,396.6
63.3
1,926.5
431.3
14.4
.20
.06
.11
.08
.03
O hio...........................................................
O klahom a..................................................
O regon.......................................................
Pennsylvania.............................................
Rhode Island..............................................
432
29
46
654
49
130.3
3.9
12.9
245.1
13.6
2,232.7
164.8
166.2
2,851.8
365.0
.22
.07
.08
.26
.42
549
32
62
721
27
270.8
10.8
15.3
243.3
7.3
4,838.6
394.6
312.3
2,840.4
141.8
.47
.17
.14
.25
.15
South C arolin a...........................................
South D akota.............................................
Tennessee.................................................
T e x a s .........................................................
Utah............................................................
7
11
73
113
24
1.5
.7
15.4
73.6
10.0
51.6
67.5
406.9
3,705.3
109.3
.02
.13
.11
.33
.08
12
5
110
115
14
2.4
3.5
50.6
34.1
3.7
43.3
16.1
1,077.2
816.4
31.7
.02
.03
.27
.07
.03
Verm ont.....................................................
Virginia.......................................................
W ashington...............................................
West Virginia..............................................
W isco nsin..................................................
W yoming....................................................
7
238
94
560
72
8
1.1
54.3
25.5
151.6
28.0
1.7
6.5
287.6
392.7
890.7
658.6
44.1
.02
.07
.13
.63
.16
.12
5
203
93
692
78
7
1.1
64.5
38.1
206.9
31.7
1.6
42.8
570.2
1,386.5
1,274.3
685.3
36.2
.10
.12
.43
.25
.16
.09
See footnotes at end o f table.
436
Table 172. Work stoppages by State, 1969-78— Continued
[Workers and days idle in thousands]
1978
1977
S ta te 1
Stoppages beginning in
year
Number
Workers
involved
Days idle (all stoppages)
Percent of
estimated
nonagricultural
working tim e 3
Number
Stoppages beginning in
year
Number
Workers
involved
Days idle (all stoppages)
Number
Percent of
estimated
nonagricultural
working tim e 3
United States......................................
1 5,506
2,040.1
35,821.8
0.17
4,230
1,622.6
36,921.5
0.17
Alabam a....................................................
A la sk a .......................................................
Arizona......................................................
Arkansas...................................................
California...................................................
138
11
27
24
409
64.6
2.5
13.5
3.5
144.0
1,059.4
102.4
304.3
69.9
2,911.1
.34
.25
.15
.04
.14
69
12
31
28
296
21.6
1.5
20.2
8.6
124.3
1,069.0
58.2
317.7
120.8
2,295.4
.32
.14
.14
.07
.10
Colorado...................................................
Connecticut..............................................
Delaware....................................................
District of Colum bia..................................
Florida.......................................................
47
65
20
14
56
8.3
13.9
4.0
1.5
11.1
184.6
292.8
41.3
35.2
428.5
.07
.09
.07
.02
.06
37
55
23
26
50
17.1
8.4
8.7
6.4
20.2
185.9
238.5
139.2
63.6
227.8
.07
.07
.22
.04
.03
G eorgia.....................................................
H aw aii.......................................................
Idaho.........................................................
Illinois........... ............................................
Indiana......................................................
58
8
13
420
234
22.6
14.7
3.5
196.8
95.3
546.3
666.0
188.8
2,245.6
1,611.8
.11
.74
.25
.19
.31
40
18
15
314
211
23.8
12.4
5.0
135.7
62.0
202.6
99.7
41.3
3,037.1
1,497.0
.04
.11
.05
.26
.27
Iowa..........................................................
K a n sas......................................................
Kentucky...................................................
Lou isian a..................................................
M a in e ........................................................
98
28
164
26
15
30.1
7.8
70.4
6.5
3.1
651.7
175.8
1,221.0
140.6
51.9
.24
.08
.42
.04
.05
47
21
102
38
24
12.8
14.5
63.2
20.8
7.6
165.8
119.5
2,092.7
235.5
213.5
.06
.05
.68
.07
.21
Maryland....................................................
M assachusetts..........................................
M ichigan....................................................
Minnesota..................................................
M ississip p i................................................
43
109
327
100
22
12.2
25.3
97.9
22.1
3.9
126.4
707.4
1,717.1
1,365.6
132.9
.03
.12
.20
.34
.07
46
117
300
91
29
14.1
25.2
93.7
35.0
11.6
230.8
330.5
1,756.9
775.0
201.8
.06
.05
.20
.18
.10
Missouri.....................................................
Montana.....................................................
N ebraska...................................................
Nevada......................................................
New Ham pshire.........................................
148
29
16
18
7
43.0
9.7
3.7
5.7
1.2
869.0
117.4
389.8
81.7
6.2
.19
.18
.26
.11
.01
92
19
14
11
15
39.3
7.9
14.2
3.0
3.1
700.8
56.1
79.3
43.7
60.5
.14
.08
.05
.05
.07
New Jersey................................................
New Mexico...............................................
New Y ork...................................................
North Carolina...........................................
North Dakota.............................................
212
17
370
22
5
39.4
4.1
66.7
6.9
.8
790.2
55.3
1,059.8
141.4
11.0
.11
.05
.06
.03
.02
219
21
328
31
5
51.2
9.2
111.4
12.3
3.2
555.8
223.7
2,083.5
124.8
17.4
.07
.20
.12
.02
.03
Ohio...........................................................
O klahom a..................................................
O regon.......................................................
Pennsylvania..............................................
Rhode Island..............................................
556
40
78
620
20
218.8
4.3
24.2
228.7
2.7
3,573.7
102.7
357.9
3,113.4
15.4
.34
.04
.15
.27
.02
441
23
44
480
36
141.3
10.2
19.6
154.5
7.2
3,756.6
262.0
570.3
4,063.9
75.4
.34
.10
.23
.35
.08
South Carolin a..........................................
South D akota............................................
Tennessee.................................................
T e x a s ........................................................
Utah...........................................................
5
7
98
107
20
1.4
1.2
24.3
40.2
11.1
14.9
45.1
862.5
1,083.8
204.5
.01
.08
.21
.09
.17
21
3
91
91
11
10.3
1.3
40.3
52.0
5.4
69.0
7.1
749.3
636.3
204.9
.02
.01
.17
.05
.16
Verm ont....................................................
Virginia......................................................
W ashington..............................................
W est Virginia.............................................
W isco nsin.................................................
W yoming...................................................
6
147
111
445
119
2
.6
62.0
60.5
240.2
59.3
.1
2.5
755.3
1,417.0
2,548.6
1,132.3
92.0
.01
.16
.42
1.67
.25
.22
11
69
94
142
110
5
.9
35.4
41.4
36.1
28.2
8.8
11.5
1,291.2
1,471.1
3,392.9
573.2
125.3
.02
.25
.39
2.20
.12
.26
1 Stoppages extending across State lines have been counted separately
in each State affected; workers involved and days idle were allocated
workers were added to both the employment and idleness estimates in
1973, and thereafter.
among the States.
3 From 1969-72, idleness as a percent of working time estimates were
based on employment in private nonfarm establishments. Government
N o t e : Because of rounding, sums of individual items may not equal totals.
437
Table 173. Intake and disposition of cases by the National Labor Relations Board, selected fiscal
years, 1936-79
C ases
1950
1955
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
196(3
9,738
21,632
13,391
21,527
22,691
24,848
25,371
27,403
28,025
28,993
3,934
63.7
2,427
24.9
5,809
26.9
6,171
46.1
11,357
52.8
12,132
53.5
13,479
54.3
14,166
55.8
15,620
57.0
15,800
56.3
15,933
55.0
203
19.0
2,243
36.3
7,311
75.1
9,279
42.8
7,165
53.5
10,130
47.0
10,508
46.3
11,286
45.4
11,116
43.8
11,685
42.6
11,989
42.8
12,620
43.5
—
—
—
—
—
—
6,544
30.3
55
.4
40
.2
51
.2
83
.3
89
.4
98
.4
106
.4
137
.5
—
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
45
.2
124
.4
—
_
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
85
.3
179
.6
Total..............................
734
7,354
9,102
20,640
13,671
22,183
22,815
25,027
24,678
26,715
27,199
28,504
Unfair labor practices..................
Percent
closed
before
formal action.....................
Percent closed after formal
action................................
Representation c a s e s.................
Percent
closed
before
hearing.............................
Percent closed after hear
ing....................................
Unionshop deauthorization........
Percent
closed
before
hearing.............................
Percent closed after hear
ing ....................................
Amendments to certification.......
Percent
closed
before
hearing .............................
Percent closed after hear
in g ....................................
Unit clarification..........................
Percent
closed
before
hearing.............................
Percent closed after hear
ing ....................................
636
4,664
2,312
5,615
6,171
11,924
12,526
13,319
13,605
15,074
15,219
5,587
83.5
88.6
87.6
90.8
86.4
92.9
83.2
83.7
86.1
86.8
85.5
84.5
16.5
98
11.4
2,690
12.4
6,790
9.2
8,765
13.6
7,442
7.1
10,218
16.8
10,508
16.3
11,634
13.9
10,981
13.2
11,546
14.5
11,797
15.5
12,487
88.2
73.1
66.9
76.1
70.9
72.0
72.8
75.3
78.2
80.8
81.6
82.0
11.8
—
26.9
—
33.1
—
23.9
6,264
29.1
58
28.0
41
27.2
47
24.7
74
21.8
92
19.2
95
18.4
95
18.0
133
—
—
_
99.8
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
66.3
60.9
—
—
—
—
_
.2
_
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
—
33.7
28
39.1
127
—
—
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
85.7
92.1
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
_
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
14.3
60
7.9
170
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
_
_
_
73.3
58.2
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
26.7
41.8
334
2,869
3,237
6,714
4,114
7,007
6,883
6,704
7,397
8,085
8,911
9,400
229
68.6
2,144
74.7
1,321
40.8
3,243
48.3
2,672
64.9
4,858
69.3
4,464
64.9
4,624
69.0
5,185
70.1
5,731
70.9
6,312
70.8
6,658
70.8
105
31.4
725
25.3
1,916
59.2
2,480
36.9
1,438
35.0
2,142
30.6
2,408
35.0
2,060
30.7
2,195
29.7
2,334
28.9
2,526
28.4
2,659
28.3
—
—
—
—
—
991
14.8
4
.1
7
.1
11
.1
20
.3
17
.2
20
.2
31
.3
35
.4
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
_
17
.2
14
.1
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
_
—
25
.3
34
.4
1936
1940
1945
1,068
6,177
865
81.0
N um ber o f c a s e s filed
Total..............................
Unfair labor practices:
N um ber................................
Percent of to ta l....................
Representation cases:
Num ber................................
Percent of total....................
Unionshop deauthorization:
N um ber................................
Percent of to ta l....................
Amendments to certification:
N um ber................................
Percent of to tal...................
Unit clarification:
N um ber................................
Percent of to tal....................
_
_
_
N um ber o f c a s e s c lo s e d
_
_
Cases pending at end of year
Total..............................
Unfair labor practices:
Num ber................................
Percent of to tal....................
Representation cases:
N um ber................................
Percent of to tal....................
Unionshop deauthorization:
N um ber................................
Percent of total....................
Amendments to certification:
N um ber................................
Percent of to tal....................
Unit clarification:
N um ber................................
Percent of to tal....................
—
See footnotes at end of table.
438
Table 173. Intake and disposition of cases by the National Labor Relations Board, selected fiscal
years, 1936-79— Continued
Cases
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973 1
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
30,705
31,303
33,581
37,212
41,039
41,077
42,373
44,923
49,335
52,943
53,261
54,907
17,816
58.0
18,651
59.6
21,038
62.6
23,770
63.9
26,852
65.4
26,487
64.5
27,726
65.4
31,253
69.6
34,509
70.0
37,828
71.4
39,652
74.4
41,259
75.1
12,307
40.1
12,107
38.7
12,077
36.0
12,965
34.8
13,711
33.4
14,032
34.2
14,082
33.2
13,083
29.1
14,189
28.7
14,358
27.2
12,902
24.2
12,905
23.5
152
.5
173
0.6
158
.5
168
.5
172
.4
213
.5
203
.5
209
.5
235
.5
305
.6
298
.5
330
.6
194
.6
134
.4
107
.3
86
.2
83
.2
78
.2
121
.3
61
.1
64
.1
65
.1
82
.2
64
.1
236
.8
238
.7
201
6
223
.6
221
.5
267
.6
241
.6
317
.7
338
.7
387
.7
327
.6
349
.6
Total.............................. 29,494
30,750
31,597
32,353
37,200
39,747
41,566
41,100
43,707
46,136
53,908 1 50,258
55,794
Unfair labor practices.................. 16,360
Percent
closed
before
formal action....................
85.1
Percent closed after formal
action................................
14.9
Representation c a s e s .............
12,724
Percent
closed
before
hearing.............................
81.0
Percent closed after hear
in g ....................................
19.0
Unionshop deauthorization........
132
Percent
closed
before
hearing.............................
58.3
Percent closed after hear
in g ....................................
41.7
Amendments to certification......
81
Percent
closed
before
hearing.............................
79.0
Percent closed after hear
ing....................................
21.0
Unit clarification..........................
197
Percent
closed
before
hearing.............................
62.9
Percent closed after hear
ing ....................................
37.1
17,777
18,939
19,851
23,840
25,555
26,989
27,016
29,808
32,406
37,602
37,192
41,544
85.8
85.2
86.4
87.4
86.9
86.6
85.8
88.4
88.8
85.6
86.3
83.6
14.2
12,409
14.8
12,116
13.6
12,000
12.6
12,896
12.1
13,438
13.4
14,059
14.2
13,542
11.6
13,325
11.2
13,184
14.4
15,436
13.7
12,438
16.4
13,465
81.4
81.4
81.4
81.9
82.2
82.2
82.9
80.9
82.9
82.0
83.8
82.9
18.6
143
18.6
170
18.6
165
18.1
163
17.8
180
17.8
202
17.1
192
19.1
203
17.1
209
18.0
332
16.2
277
17.1
328
67.8
62.9
60.0
77.9
68.9
68.8
68.8
66.9
71.3
71.7
69.0
78.4
32.2
186
37.1
143
40.0
116
22.1
84
31.1
80
31.2
66
31.2
116
33.1
66
28.7
58
28.3
90
31.0
*59
21.6
81
44.6
75.5
92.2
83.3
87.5
83.3
90.0
69.7
77.6
87.8
45.8
60.5
55.4
235
24.5
229
7.8
221
16.7
217
12.5
221
16.7
250
10.0
234
30.3
305
22.4
279
12.2
448
54.2
£92
39.5
376
56.6
57.6
60.2
62.2
58.8
62.8
75.6
56.1
56.1
61.6
52.4
53.5
43.4
42.4
39.8
37.8
41.2
37.2
24.4
43.9
43.9
38.4
47.6
46.5
10,331
10,286
9,992
11,220
11,232
12,797
12,308
13,581
14,797
17,996
18,208 121,211
20,324
7,338
71.0
7,377
71.6
7,089
70.9
8,276
73.8
8,206
73.1
9,503
74.3
9,001
73.2
9,711
71.5
11,156
75.4
13,259
73.6
14,482
79.5
16,942
79.9
16,657
82.0
2,892
28.0
2,790
27.1
2,781
27.8
2,858
25.5
2,927
26.1
3,200
25.0
3,173
25.8
3,713
27.3
3,471
23.5
4,476
24.9
3,560
19.5
4,024
19.Q
3,464
17.0
28
.3
37
.4
40
.4
33
.3
38
.3
30
.2
41
.3
52
.4
58
.4
84
.5
75
.4
96
.5
98
.5
19
.2
27
.3
18
.2
9
.1
11
.1
14
.1
26
.2
31
.2
26
.2
32
.2
9
.1
32
.2
15
.1
54
.5
55
.5
64
.7
44
.4
50
.4
50
.4
67
.5
74
.5
86
.6
145
.8
82
.5
117
.6
$0
.4
1967
Number of cases filed
Total.............................. 30,425
Unfair labor practices:
N um ber................................ 17,040
Percent of total.....'..............
56.0
Representation cases:
Num ber................................ 12,957
Percent of to tal...................
42.6
Unionshop deauthorization:
Num ber................................
125
Percent of to tal....................
.4
Amendments to certification:
N um ber................................
86
Percent of total....................
.3
Unit clarification:
N um ber................................
217
Percent of to tal....................
.7
Number of ca se s closed
i
C a se s pending at end of year
Total..............................
Unfair labor practices:
Num ber................................
Percent of total....................
Representation cases:
Num ber................................
Percent of to tal........ ...........
Unionshop deauthorization:
Num ber................................
Percent of to tal....................
Amendments to certification:
Num ber................................
Percent of to tal....................
Unit clarification:
N um ber................................
Percent of total....................
'T h e unionshop authorization pool was abolished by Public Law 189,
signed by the President, Oct. 22, 1951. However, the law still provides for
deauthorization pools when appropriate.
2 Includes 1,781 authorization petitions.
3 Not available.
439
4 Less than one-tenth of 1 percent.
N o t e : Because of space limitations, data for some years have been omit
ted. This data can be found in the 1978 edition of the H a n d b o o k o f L a b o r
S ta tis tic s .
Table 174. Investigation findings under the Fair Labor Standards, Equal Pay, Government Contracts,
Age Discrimination in Employment Acts, and Title III (Restriction on Garnishment) of the Consumer
Credit Protection Act, selected fiscal years, 1939-79
Number of employees found underpaid
Fiscal year
Number of
establish
ments
investigated
Overtime
com pensa
tion 2
Minimum
w a g e s2
Equal p a y 3
Government
Contracts
A c t4
_
T o ta l1
Age
Discrimination
in
Employment
A c t5
Wage
garnishm ent6
1939.................................
1940.................................
1945.................................
1950.................................
1955.................................
402
3,851
44,271
25,881
39,330
_
_
_
_
—
—
140,872
128,754
—
—
—
36,894
—
—
—
108,006
—
—.
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
1960.................................
1961.................................
1962.................................
1963.................................
1964.................................
45,729
44,268
44,115
54,331
56,370
186,997
201,810
212,608
312,428
364,199
62,253
75,051
89,130
165,350
203,513
155,746
164,758
162,571
210,769
237,180
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
1965.................... ............
1966.................................
1967.................................
1968.................................
1969.................................
59,625
57,625
58,159
75,022
72,520
406,333
428,778
368,582
421,916
477,482
209,930
191,332
139,533
169,344
205,269
295,789
327,168
288,105
296,037
304,740
960
6,633
5,931
6,622
16,100
_
_
_
15
3,522
11,987
19,554
—
—
—
48
—
—
—
17,719
29,992
29,022
29,618
32,792
27,531
23,437
12,328
9,775
23,755
131
655
964
1,031
1,648
56
48
115
91
31,843
24,610
19,382
18,376
14,070
14,806
26,126
32,903
29,594
37,794
2,350
1,908
1,707
3,850
5,301
107
61
33
31
21
1970.................................
1971.................................
1972.................................
1973.................................
1974.................................
68,787
7 65,064
7 60,525
74,364
63,035
465,392
7 459,362
7 480,910
364,553
357,278
207,381
209,375
221,812
151,135
120,044
284,542
256,020
267,035
200,410
208,983
1975.................................
1976.................................
1977.................................
1978.................................
1979.................................
58,758
59,981
61,315
68,007
79,790
472,404
563,278
630,329
633,881
699,840
217,420
296,799
371,129
378,422
427,269
250,952
262,921
266,670
264,374
288,561
Illegally withheld wages
that employer agreed to
pay8
Amount of underpayment disclosed
Minimum
w ages2
Total
1939................................
1940..................... ...........
1945................................
1950................................
1955................................
Overtime
com pensa
tion 2
Equal p a y 3
_
—
$9,559,628
12,151,077
$2,135,731
_
Age
Discrimina
tion in
Employment
A c t5
W age
garnish
ment 6
Amount
Number of
employees
involved
_
—
—
_
—
_
—
-
—
—
—•
-
—
-
3,514
$51,828
1,714,494
70,233
15,824,377
442,516
4.08J.193- — ------80,297
6,165,117
81,330
_
—
—
—
—
_
—
—
—
—
_
——
—
—
13,895,377
14,477,883
16,174,884
20,170,103
22,733,910
119,373
121,924
136,558
176,260
189,048
$242
262,745
2,576,957
2,706,757
24,016,455
27,430,911
26,693,123
26,723,836
31,683,361
195,882
205,728
194,496
228,213
275,334
_
$10,015,346
1960................................
1961.................................
1962.................................
1963.................................
1964................................
28,033,314
30,942,531
34,004,338
49,110,626
59,709,484
8,663,703
9,252,992
10,255,086
18,910,822
24,209,632
19,369,611
21,689,539
23,749,252
30,199,804
35,499,852
_
—
—
—
—
1965.................................
1966.................................
1967.................................
1968.................................
1969.................................
74,452,459
89,929,756
76,092,726
80,009,717
89,112,399
28,104,994
28,370,932
18,839,742
20,437,008
27,127,308
46,191,263
59,460,982
53,737,920
54,507,347
54,653,115
$156,202
2,097,600
3,252,319
2,488,405
4,585,344
See footnotes at end of table.
Government
Contracts
A c t4
—
—
-Li
_■■
—
_
440
_
_
_
_
—
—
—
—
—
—
—
$39,875
Table 174. Investigation findings under the Fair Labor Standards, Equal Pay, Government Contracts,
Age Discrimination in Employment Acts, and Title III (Restriction on Garnishment) of the Consumer
Credit Protection Act, selected fiscal years, 1939-79—Continued
Illegally withheld wages
that employer agreed to
pay8
Amount of underpayment disclosed
Fiscal year
Total
Minimum
w ages2
Overtime
com pensa
tion 2
Equal p a y 3
Government
Contracts
A c t4
Age
Discrimina
tion in
Employment
Act 5
Wage
garnish
ment 6
Amount
Number of
employees
involved
1970.................................
1971.................................
1972..................... ...........
1973.................................
1974.................................
$93,050,885
7 98,477,658
7 99,681,114
84,566,436
96,570,183
$29,410,934
29,106,651
28,967,314
21,223,785
18,340,991
$53,921,420
51,032,291
53,292,610
41,973,823
46,469,324
$6,119,265
14,842,994
14,030,889
18,005,582
20,623,830
$3,469,752
2,757,648
1,740,262
1,474,090
4,792,879
$129,514
738,074
1,650,039
1,866,226
6,315,484
$49,311
33,016
22,930
27,675
$35,516,324
38,583,962
49,967,865
40,125,537
49,926,350
$264,657
278,895
352,704
259,692
261,632
1975.................................
1976.................................
1977.................................
1978.................................
1979.................................
108,856,805
120,794,382
120,909,984
128,930,496
162,493,294
27,545,085
38,003,135
37,182,630
40,037,786
54,162,642
45,171,455
51,356,806
51,317,211
51,884,274
70,150,790
26,484,860
17,952,212
15,512,141
15,971,363
10,252,313
3,036,953
4,813,743
7,979,145
7,958,605
10,985,222
6,574,409
8,631,432
8,897,146
13,036,031
16,906,365
44,043
37,054
21,711
42,437
35,962
58,187,769
70,460,354
68,194,603
78,121,939
98,656,843
380,254
447,236
481,801
538,197
551,603
1The figure shown is an unduplicated count of employees found under
paid.
3 includes disclosures under the Fair Labor Standards and Public Con
tracts Acts.
3 Equal Pay Act of 1963, amending the Fair Labor Standards Act, became
effective June 11, 1964.
♦ Includes the Contract Work Hours and Safety Standards Act, DavisBacon and related acts, Service Contract Act, except Public Contracts Act
which is included in FLSA.
5 The Age Discrimination in Employment Act became effective June 12,
1968.
441
6 Wage Garnishment refers to Title III of the Consumer Credit Protection
Act which became effective July 1, 1970.
7 Excludes 5,314 establishments with 13,965 employees underpaid
$991,706 and 14,042 establishments with 36,232 em ployees underpaid
$2,905,533 in fiscal years 1971 and 1972 respectively, in which compliance
was conciliated by other than formal investigation.
8 Includes a few cases for which data do not relate to the same year in
which the underpayment disclosures were reported.
Technical Notes
Occupational Injuries and Illnesses
(Covers tables 175 and 176)
These statistics are based on recordkeeping defini
tions promulgated under the Occupational Safety and
Health Act (OSHA) of 1970. They are not compara
ble with the statistical series on work injuries which
the Bureau compiled for 1970 and earlier years.
The data cover occupational injury and illness cases
recordable under the OSHA definitions. These in
clude all cases resulting from a work accident or an
exposure in the work environment which result in
death, nonfatal illness, or nonfatal injury which in
volves medical treatment (beyond first aid), loss of
consciousness, restriction of work or motion, or trans
fer to another job.
Estimates are made for industries and employmentsize classes and for severity classification: Fatalities,
lost workday cases, and nonfatal cases without lost
workdays. Lost workday cases are separated into
those where the employee would have worked but
could not and those in which work activity was re
stricted. Estimates of the number of cases and the
number of days lost are made for both categories.
Most of the estimates are in the form of incidence
rates, defined as the number of injuries and illnesses,
or lost workdays, per 100 full-time employees. For
this purpose, 200,000 employee hours represent 100
employee years. Only a few of the available measures
are included in the Handbook. Full detail is presented
in the annual bulletin, Occupational Injuries and Ill
nesses in the United States, by Industry.
Scope of survey
Virtually the entire private sector is covered by the
survey, except for the following: Self-employed indi
viduals (out of scope); small farms (excluded from
coverage by legislation); mining of metal ores, coal,
and nonmetallic minerals (collected by the Mine
Safety and Health Administration); and operation of
railroads (covered by the Federal Railroad Adminis
tration). The mining and railroad data are furnished to
BLS and participating State agencies and included in
BLS publications. Federal employee experience is
compiled by the Occupational Safety and Health Ad
ministration. Data on State and local government em
ployees are collected by about half of the States and
territories; these are not compiled nationally.
Classes of employees
The survey covers the experience of all classes of
employees in the industries covered: Production, op
erating, construction, sales, services, delivery, techni
cal, professional, office, administrative, clerical, and
all other personnel.
Sampling and estimating procedures
The sample was selected utilizing procedures estab
lished for optimum allocation sampling. The sampling
ratios at the various employment-size classes ranged
from all units above a certain size class selected with
certainty through declining proportions in each small
er employment-size class. The data for all reporting
units in each industry are expanded by the inverse of
the sampling ratio, and benchmarked to the appropri
ate employment level in each industry.
More detailed information
The Supplementary Data System provides detailed
information describing various factors associated with
work-related injuries and illnesses obtained from in
formation reported by employers to State workers’
compensation agencies. The Work Injury Report pro
gram examines selected types of accidents from re
sponses by the employee to questionnaires designed to
develop additional information. These data are not in
cluded in the Handbook but may be obtained by con
tacting the BLS Office of Publications.
442
Table 175. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates by industry, United States, 1973-78
Incidence rates per 100 full-time workers 1
Industry and year
Total c a s e s 2
Nonfatal
cases without
lost workdays
Lost workday
cases
Lost workdays
PRIVATE S E C T O R
11.0
10.4
9.1
9.2
9.3
9.4
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.5
3.8
4.1
7.5
6.9
5.8
5.7
5.5
5.3
53.3
54.6
56.1
60.5
61.6
63.5
11.6
9.9
8.5
11.0
11.5
11.6
4.6
4.5
3.7
4.7
5.1
5.4
7.0
5.3
4.7
6.3
6.3
6.2
68.0
73.8
64.0
83.3
81.1
80.7
12.5
10.2
11.0
11.0
10.9
11.5
5.8
5.1
5.7
5.8
6.0
6.4
6.7
5.0
5.3
5.1
4.9
5.0
119.6
94.7
113.0
114.4
128.8
143.2
19.8
18.3
16.0
15.3
15.5
16.0
6.1
5.9
5.5
5.5
5.9
6.4
13.6
12.4
10.5
9.8
9.6
9.6
98.1
99.8
100.8
105.0
111.5
109.4
15.3
14.6
13.0
13.2
13.1
13.2
4.5
4.7
4.5
4.8
5.1
5.6
10.8
9.9
8.5
8.3
8.0
7.7
68.2
72.7
75.4
79.5
82.3
84.9
10.3
10.5
9.4
9.8
9.7
10.1
4.4
4.8
4.6
5.0
5.3
5.7
5.8
5.7
4.8
4.8
4.3
4.3
82.5
89.8
88.2
94.0
95.9
102.3
8.6
8.4
7.3
7.5
7.7
7.9
2.7
2.8
2.6
2.8
2.9
3.2
5.9
5.6
4.7
4.6
4.8
4.7
37.6
37.4
39.6
43.2
44.0
44.9
2.4
2.4
2.2
2.0
2.0
2.1
1973..........................................................................................................
1974..........................................................................................................
1975..........................................................................................................
1976 3 .......................................................................................................
1 9 7 7 3 .......................................................................................................
1978 3.......................................................................................................
.8
.8
.8
.7
.8
.8
1.6
1.6
1.4
1.2
1.2
1.2
10.2
10.2
11.4
11.6
10.4
12.5
AG RICU LTU RE, FO R ESTR Y , AN D FISHING
1973..........................................................................................................
1974..........................................................................................................
1975..........................................................................................................
1976 s .......................................................................................................
1977 s .......................................................................................................
1978 3 .......................................................................................................
MINING
1973..........................................................................................................
1974..........................................................................................................
1975..........................................................................................................
1976..........................................................................................................
1977..........................................................................................................
1978................................................ .........................................................
CONSTRUCTION
1973..........................................................................................................
1974..........................................................................................................
1975..........................................................................................................
1976..........................................................................................................
1977..........................................................................................................
1978.................................................... jl ...................................................
M ANUFACTURIN G
1973..........................................................................................................
1974......................................................................................................... .
1975..........................................................................................................
1976..........................................................................................................
1977..........................................................................................................
1978..........................................................................................................
TRAN SPO RTATIO N AN D PUBLIC UTILITIES
1973..........................................................................................................
1974..........................................................................................................
1975..........................................................................................................
1976..........................................................................................................
1977..........................................................................................................
1978..........................................................................................................
W H O LE S A LE AND R ETAIL T R A D E
1973..........................................................................................................
1974..........................................................................................................
1975..............................:...........................................................................
1976..........................................................................................................
1977..........................................................................................................
1978..........................................................................................................
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AN D R E A L E S T A T E
1973..........................................................................................................
1974..........................................................................................................
1975................................... ......................................................................
1976..........................................................................................................
1977..........................................................................................................
1978..........................................................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
443
Table 175. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates by industry, United States, 1973-78—
Continued
Incidence rates per 100 full-time workers
Industry and year
Nonfatal
cases without
lost workdays
Lost workday
cases
Total c a s e s 2
Lost workdays
SERVICES
1973..........................................................................................................
1974..........................................................................................................
1975..........................................................................................................
1976..........................................................................................................
1977..........................................................................................................
1978..........................................................................................................
6.2
5.8
5.4
5.3
5.5
5.5
1
The incidence rates represent the number of injuries and illnesses or
lost workdays per 100 full-time workers and were calculated as: (N/EH) X
200,000, where: N = number of injuries and illnesses or lost workdays. EH
= total hours worked by all employees during calendar year. 200,000 =
base for 100 full-time equivalent workers (working 40 hours per week, 50
weeks per year).
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.4
4.2
3.9
3.4
3.3
3.3
3.1
27.5
28.3
32.4
38.4
35.4
36.2
2 Includes fatalities. Because of rounding, the difference between the total
and the sum of the rates for lost workday cases and nonfatal cases without
lost workdays do not reflect the fatality rate.
3 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees.
444
S
o u r c e
:
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.
Table 176. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates by detailed industry, United States, 1977
and 19781
Incidence rates per 100 full-time workers 5
Industry 2
Private s e c to r7............................................................ .....
Agriculture, forestry, and fishing 7 ..............................
SIC
code 3
—
-
annual
average
employ
ment (in
thou
sands) 4
71,532.8
890.8
Total c ase s6
1977
9.3
11.5
1978
9.4
11.6
Lost workday
cases
1977
3.8
1978
4.1
Nonfatal cases
without lost
workdays
1977
1978
Lost workdays
1977
1978
5.5
5.3
61.6
63.5
5.1
5.4
6.3
6.2
81.1
80.7
6.6
6.1
7.6
4.0
7.0
5.3
5.9
1.6
79.4
87.4
63.6
45.3
81.3
80.2
79.1
75.3
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
11.9
11.0
13.0
6.3
12.8
10.3
11.0
4.1
5.3
4.9
5.3
2.3
5.8
5.0
5.1
2.4
-
851.0
10.9
11.5
6.0
6.4
4.9
5.0
128.8
143.2
Metal mining 8............................................................
Anthracite mining 8 .....................................................
Bituminous coal and lignite mining 8..........................
10
11
12
92.8
n.a.
205.4
7.4
21.6
12.4
10.0
19.6
10.1
4.5
10.6
7.8
5.4
11.5
7.3
2.8
10.6
4.5
4.6
8.0
2.7
83.9
237.6
167.1
113.9
310.5
170.3
Oil and gas extraction................................................
Crude petroleum and natural g a s .......................
Oil and gas field se rv ic e s...................................
13
131
138
430.0
n.a.
246.1
12.9
—
—
13.9
4.4
20.3
6.3
—
—
6.9
2.1
10.2
6.5
—
—
6.9
2.3
10.0
143.7
—
—
154.4
42.7
229.7
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels 8..........................
14
119.1
5.1
6.9
3.3
4.1
1.8
2.7
58.0
88.0
-
4,271.0
15.5
16.0
5.9
6.4
9.6
9.6
111.5
109.4
General building contractors......................................
Residential building construction........................
Operative builders...............................................
Nonresidential building construction...................
15
152
153
154
1,240.7
657.2
81.4
502.0
15.0
12.9
12.8
17.9
15.9
13.3
15.7
19.2
5.7
5.6
4.7
6.0
6.3
5.9
6.3
6.6
9.3
7.3
8.1
11.9
9.6
7.4
9.3
12.5
100.2
98.9
54.2
109.7
105.3
101.5
76.4
114.9
Heavy construction contractors.................................
Highway and street construction........................
Heavy construction, except highway...................
16
161
162
850.5
265.6
584.9
16.0
15.1
16.4
16.6
15.2
17.2
5.7
5.5
5.8
6.2
5.8
6.4
10.2
9.6
10.5
10.3
9.4
10.7
116.7
112.1
118.8
110.9
105.9
113.2
Special trade contractors...........................................
Plumbing, heating, and air conditioning..............
Painting, paperhanging, and decorating..............
Electrical w ork.....................................................
Masonry, stonework, and plastering....................
Carpentering and flooring...................................
Roofing and sheet-metal w ork............................
Concrete w ork.....................................................
Water well drilling................................................
Miscellaneous special trade contractors.............
17
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
2,179.3
517.5
137.5
370.5
350.5
139.1
158.3
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
15.6
17.1
9.6
13.3
15.6
14.7
21.1
14.6
14.2
16.6
15.8
16.9
9.4
14.0
15.6
13.6
22.5
14.6
12.8
16.9
6.1
5.5
4.5
4.5
7.2
7.2
9.8
6.4
7.2
6.3
6.6
5.9
4.6
4.7
7.4
7.3
11.7
6.6
6.5
7.2
9.5
11.6
5.1
8.8
8.3
7.4
11.3
8.2
7.1
10.2
9.2
11.0
4.8
9.3
8.2
6.3
10.7
7.9
6.2
9.6
115.5
94.5
101.9
92.9
133.4
119.5
197.7
132.1
136.4
122.1
111.0
93.4
99.0
71.4
121.1
128.6
212.7
122.2
126.7
124.4
Agricultural production 7......................................
Agricultural services.............................................
Forestry...............................................................
Fishing, hunting, and trapping.............................
Mining 8..............................................................................
Construction.......................................................................
01-02
07
08
09
179
Manufacturing....................................................................
-
20,476.0
13.1
13.2
5.1
5.6
8.0
7.6
82.3
84.9
Durable goods.............................................................
-
12,246.0
14.0
14.2
5.4
5.9
8.6
8.3
86.4
89.1
Lumber and wood products.................................
24
752.4
22.3
22.6
10.4
11.1
11.9
11.5
178.0
178.8
Logging camps and logging contractors......
241
85.4
26.3
25.9
15.4
15.6
10.7
10.2
329.9
316.2
Sawmills and planing m ills...........................
Sawmills and planing mills, g eneral......
Hardwood dimension and flooring........
Special product sawmills, n.e.c.............
242
2421
2426
2429
230.7
190.2
33.5
n.a.
21.1
21.0
19.7
35.1
21.7
21.2
20.8
43.6
10.1
10.3
7.7
18.7
11.1
11.1
8.8
24.8
10.9
10.6
12.0
16.3
10.6
10.2
11.9
18.7
184.1
192.7
117.8
278.2
192.9
195.3
149.4
369.4
Millwork, plywood, and structural members..
Millwork.................................................
Wood kitchen cab inets.........................
Hardwood veneer and plywood............
Softwood veneer and plyw ood.............
Structural wood members, n.e.c...........
243
2431
2434
2435
2436
2439
222.8
79.3
49.5
27.3
49.5
n.a.
19.7
22.4
17.1
19.2
16.0
27.1
20.4
23.0
17.8
20.0
16.2
31.2
8.7
9.5
7.9
7.7
7.4
13.9
9.6
10.2
8.5
8.9
8.5
15.1
10.9
12.8
9.2
11.5
8.6
13.2
10.8
12.8
9.2
11.1
7.7
16.1
156.3
128.6
107.5
141.6
154.5
190.4
139.6
137.7
114.6
128.7
161.6
172.0
Wood containers..........................................
Nailed wood boxes and s h o o k .............
Wood pallets and s k id s ........................
Wood containers, n.e.c......................
244
2441
2448
2449
43.4
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
20.3
20.4
20.4
19.9
21.4
23.3
21.9
18.5
9.9
9.1
11.0
8.6
10.9
11.4
11.7
8.9
10.3
11.3
9.3
1 i.2
10.4
11.8
10.2
9.5
161.8
148.5
169.0
160.6
162.1
160.3
172.3
143.0
See footnotes at end of table.
445
Table 176. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates by detailed industry, United States, 1977
and 1978 ^Continued
Incidence rates per 100 full-time workers 5
Industry 2
SIC
code3
annual
average
employ
ment (in
thou
sands) 4
Total ca se s6
1977
1978
Lost workday
cases
1977
1978
Nonfatal cases
without lost
workdays
1977
1978
Lost workdays
1977
1978
Lumber and wood products— Continued
Wood buildings and mobile hom es..............
Mobile homes........................................
Prefabricated wood buildings................
245
2451
2452
87.0
59.4
n.a.
32.9
35.7
26.4
32.7
34.8
28.2
13.7
14.7
11.4
14.2
15.2
11.9
19.2
21.0
15.0
18.5
19.5
16.3
175.3
192.8
134.2
177.2
196.3
135.6
Miscellaneous wood products.....................
Wood preserving...................................
249
2491
83.2
n.a.
19.6
21.3
18.5
18.7
7.9
8.6
8.1
8.9
11.7
12.6
10.4
9.8
140.7
161.5
127.2
152.1
Particleboard........................................................
Wood products, n.e.c............................
2492
2499
n.a.
n.a.
16.6
19.5
13.4
19.1
6.0
7.9
6.1
8.2
10.5
11.6
7.2
10.9
101.0
139.6
122.8
122.4
Furniture and fixtures..........................................
25
491.1
17.2
17.5
6.0
6.9
11.2
10.6
92.0
95.9
Household furniture......................................
Wood household furniture....................
Upholstered household furniture..........
Metal household furniture.....................
Mattresses and bedsprings...................
Wood TV and radio cab inets................
Household furniture, n.e.c....................
251
2511
2512
2514
2515
2517
2519
329.9
146.5
101.6
32.4
32.6
n.a.
n.a.
16.2
15.8
15.4
18.3
18.1
15.7
17.1
16.5
16.4
15.4
17.8
18.1
16.8
20.4
5.5
5.1
5.0
6.7
7.3
6.0
5.8
6.5
6.2
6.1
7.2
8.3
6.2
6.8
10.6
10.7
10.4
11.6
10.7
9.7
11.3
10.0
10.2
9.3
10.6
9.8
10.6
13.5
86.1
87.1
73.3
101.3
103.7
82.9
97.8
91.7
89.4
88.0
96.5
111.9
86.0
85.0
Office furniture.............................................
Wood office furniture.............................
Metal office furniture.............................
252
2521
2522
46.7
n.a.
n.a.
20.5
18.9
21.4
18.4
18.3
18.4
7.2
6.8
7.4
7.7
7.9
7.5
13.3
12.1
13.9
10.7
10.4
10.9
113.4
106.2
117.2
104.3
98.2
107.5
Public building and related furniture............
253
25.6
18.8
21.3
7.5
7.9
11.3
13.4
109.3
107.0
Partitions and fixtures..................................
Wood partitions and fixtures.................
Metal partitions and fixtures..................
254
2541
2542
61.7
n.a.
n.a.
18.5
15.9
21.4
20.2
19.1
21.5
6.8
5.8
7.8
8.1
7.7
8.6
11.7
10.0
13.6
12.1
11.4
12.9
98.1
88.9
108.7
105.8
104.7
107.0
Miscellaneous furniture and fixtures............
Drapery hardware and blinds and
shades...............................................
Furniture and fixtures, n .e .c..................
259
27.1
20.2
19.0
6.9
7.0
13.3
11.9
99.0
100.9
2591
2599
n.a.
n.a.
17.1
24.3
16.9
21.7
5.5
8.7
5.9
8.5
11.6
15.5
10.9
13.2
91.2
109.2
76.7
133.3
Stone, clay, and glass products..........................
32
698.0
16.9
16.8
6.9
7.8
9.9
9.0
120.4
126.3
Flat g lass......................................................
321
20.0
19.4
18.1
4.7
5.3
14.7
12.8
98.1
95.8
G lass and glassware, pressed or blow n......
G lass containers...................................
Pressed and blown glass, n.e.c............
322
3221
3229
135.8
76.9
58.9
15.0
16.6
12.9
14.6
15.7
13.1
6.8
8.6
4.4
7.6
9.3
5.3
8.2
8.0
8.5
7.0
6.4
7.8
136.2
182.4
75.0
134.5
176.5
79.1
Products of purchased g la s s.......................
323
47.2
19.9
20.5
6.7
7.7
13.2
12.8
104.0
99.3
Structural clay products...............................
Brick and structural clay tile..................
Ceramic wall and floor tile....................
Clay refractories....................................
Structural clay products, n.e.c..............
325
3251
3253
3255
3259
50.8
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
18.1
20.7
12.6
14.7
24.4
18.5
21.2
14.2
14.6
24.0
8.2
9.2
5.3
6.6
12.7
8.9
10.4
6.0
6.7
13.1
9.9
11.5
7.3
8.1
11.7
9.6
10.8
8.2
7.9
10.9
134.1
149.1
90.2
113.9
189.2
131.4
149.4
83.2
114.5
183.1
Pottery and related products.......................
Vitreous plumbing fixtures....................
Vitreous china food utensils..................
Fine earthenware food utensils............
Porcelain electrical supplies..................
Pottery products, n.e.c..........................
326
3261
3262
3263
3264
3269
46.2
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
16.4
28.5
8.3
13.6
12.2
13.8
16.7
29.5
11.0
13.9
14.4
12.2
7.4
13.5
5.7
7.7
5.1
5.1
8.2
15.2
6.9
7.1
5.8
5.8
8.9
15.0
2.6
5.9
7.1
8.7
8.5
14.3
4.1
6.8
8.6
6.4
114.8
185.6
128.6
108.7
99.9
70.2
116.2
216.8
134.9
111.3
77.1
71.5
Concrete, gypsum, and plaster products.....
Concrete block and b ric k .....................
Concrete products, n .e.c......................
Ready-mixed concrete..........................
Lim e.......................................................
Gypsum products..................................
327
3271
3272
3273
3274
3275
210.8
24.2
72.2
93.0
n.a.
n.a.
18.4
18.6
24.5
15.9
—
7.2
18.1
19.4
24.2
15.7
13.3
6.1
7.7
8.3
10.3
6.6
10.6
10.3
14.1
9.3
5.0
9.7
10.3
12.5
8.6
6.6
4.0
127.1
138.8
159.5
111.9
2.2
8.4
9.0
11.7
7.0
6.7
2.1
48.2
135.0
148.1
165.8
123.1
131.4
58.0
Cut stone and stone products.....................
328
n.a.
16.6
14.2
7.4
6.3
9.2
7.9
93.8
115.5
' footnotes at end of table.
446
—
—
—
Table 176. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates by detailed industry, United States, 1977
and 19781 Continued
—
Industry 2
SIC
code 3
1978
annual
average
employ
ment (in
thou
sands) 4
Incidence rates per 100 full-time workers 5
Total c ase s6
1977
1978
Lost workday
cases
1977
1978
Nonfatal cases
without lost
workdays
1977
1978
Lost workdays
1977
1978
Stone, clay, and glass products— Continued
Miscellaneous nonmetallic mineral products..........................................................
Abrasive products.................................
Asbestos products................................
Gaskets, packing, and sealing dev ic e s .................................................
Mineral w ool.........................................
Nonclay refractories.............................
329
3291
3292
142.7
28.1
22.3
15.9
20.5
15.9
16.7
18.8
17.7
6.3
7.1
7.1
7.7
7.8
9.1
9.6
13.4
8.8
9.0
11.0
8.6
106.6
105.4
158.7
124.1
120.1
166.6
3293
3296
3297
n.a.
31.1
n.a.
15.2
11.8
19.4
16.5
14.1
18.8
5.5
5.1
9.5
6.7
6.6
10.0
9.6
6.7
9.9
9.8
7.4
8.8
85.1
87.3
158.2
104.8
103.4
167.4
Primary metal industries.....................................
33
1,212.7
16.2
17.0
6.8
7.5
9.4
9.5
119.4
123.6
Blast furnace and basic steel products.......
Rlast furnaces and steel mills..............
Electrometallurgical products...............
Steel wire and related products...........
Cold finishing of steel shapes..............
Steel pipe and tubes............................
331
3312
3313
3315
3316
3317
559.6
471.7
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
30.0
12.2
10.4
14.7
22.4
27.8
22.0
13.0
11.1
14.9
20.2
27.1
27.1
4.6
3.8
5.5
10.5
10.3
9.1
5.0
4.1
6.4
9.2
11.8
11.2
7.6
6.6
9.2
11.9
17.4
12.9
8.0
7.0
8.5
11.0
15.3
15.9
94.3
84.4
106.6
165.1
178.1
142.1
95.9
85.8
116.1
149.6
179.5
151.8
Iron and steel foundries..............................
Gray iron foundries...............................
Malleable iron foundries......................
Steel foundries, n.e.c...........................
332
3321
3322
3325
236.4
150.3
22.2
52.6
24.4
25.0
26.7
23.4
24.6
24.4
25.0
26.6
10.9
11.4
11.2
10.3
11.6
11.5
11.1
12.8
13.5
13.6
15.4
13.0
13.0
12.9
13.9
13.8
164.0
162.0
179.1
180.9
169.2
159.1
158.7
215.3
Primary nonferrous m etals...........................
Primary copper...................................
Primary le a d ......................................... .
Primary zin c..........................................
Primary aluminum........................ ........ .
Primary nonferrous metals, n.e.c..........
333
3331
3332
3333
3334
3339
70.1
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
35.4
n.a.
12.5
11.4
18.4
14.9
11.6
13.8
13.0
10.4
17.0
17.0
12.5
13.8
5.2
5.8
5.8
7.2
4.6
5.3
6.0
4.7
9.4
9.8
5.4
6.0
7.3
5.6
12.6
7.6
7.0
8.5
7.0
5.7
7.6
7.2
7.1
7.8
113.9
155.7
139.8
175.9
96.1
79.8
110.8
118.8
145.9
181.6
99.3
96.8
Secondary nonferrous metals.....................
334
n.a.
29.3
27.6
13.8
14.5
15.4
13.0
218.6
265.6
Nonferrous rolling and drawing...................
Copper rolling and drawing..................
Aluminum sheet, plate, and fo il...........
Aluminum extruded products...............
Aluminum rolling and drawing, n.e.c....
Nonferrous rolling and drawing, n.e.c...
Nonferrous wire drawing and insulat
ing.....................................................
Nonferrous foundries............................
Aluminum foundries..............................
Brass, bronze, and copper foundries....
Nonferrous foundries, n.e.c..................
335
3351
3353
3354
3355
3356
208.8
32.0
33.7
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
14.2
17.7
11.4
14.7
10.9
13.2
15.5
19.4
11.5
17.6
11.9
15.1
5.8
6.7
4.4
6.4
3.7
4.5
7.0
8.6
4.4
8.8
5.5
5.4
8.4
11.0
6.9
8.3
7.2
8.7
8.5
10.8
7.1
8.8
6.4
9.7
102.6
123.7
71.6
118.1
63.4
79.1
116.6
145.0
69.4
154.4
88.6
93.5
3357
336
3361
3362
3369
84.2
92.9
52.7
n.a.
n.a.
14.2
22.6
2.8
23.9
21.0
15.3
23.0
22.8
25.8
21.0
6.2
10.4
10.8
10.7
9.3
7.2
11.2
11.5
11.7
10.2
8.0
12.2
12.0
13.2
11.7
8.1
11.8
11.3
14.1
10.8
108.5
166.2
171.6
173.3
147.2
118.1
158.7
148.7
167.9
173.8
Miscellaneous primary metal products........
Metal heat treating...............................
Primary metal products, n .e.c..............
339
3398
3399
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
20.5
21.8
19.0
21.4
23.5
18.9
9.2
9.8
8.5
10.5
11.5
9.3
11.3
11.9
10.5
10.9
12.0
9.6
155.5
140.0
174.4
139.2
146.4
130.3
Fabricated metal products..................................
34
1,673.4
19.1
19.3
7.2
8.0
11.9
11.3
109.0
112.4
Metal cans and shipping containers...........
Metal c a n s............................................
Metal barrels, drums, and p a ils ...........
341
3411
3412
78.8
65.2
n.a.
18.7
18.0
22.1
18.4
17.6
22.5
6.5
6.3
7.9
7.2
6.9
8.5
12.2
11.7
14.2
11.2
10.6
14.0
116.1
109.2
151.2
112.3
108.5
130.9
Cutlery, hand tools, and hardware..............
Cutlery..................................................
Hand and edge tools, n.e.c..................
Hand saws and saw b lad es.................
Hardware, n.e.c......
342
3421
3423
3425
3429
183.1
n.a.
n.a.
n'a.
103.6
16.0
13.3
19.0
19.3
14.8
17.8
15.0
21.1
19.6
16.4
6.0
4.3
6.9
6.3
5.8
7.2
5.1
8.4
7.1
7.0
10.0
9.0
12.1
13.0
9.0
10.6
9.9
12.7
12.4
9.4
91.9
65.2
99.2
87.2
93.0
106.0
74.2
119.9
91.2
105.0
Plumbing and heating, except electric........
Metal sanitary w are..............................
343
3431
74.3
n.a.
20.2
22.4
19.3
22.3
7.4
8.5
7.7
7.3
12.7
13.8
11.6
15.0
109.1
108.3
108.5
97.9
* See footnotes at end of table.
Table 176. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates by detailed industry, United States, 1977
and 19781 Continued
—
Industry 2
SIC
code 3
1978
annual
average
employ
ment (in
thou
sands) 4
Incidence rates per 100 full-time workers
Total c ase s6
1977
1978
Lost workday
cases
1977
1978
Nonfatal cases
without lost
workdays
1977
1078
5
Lost workdays
1977
1978
Fabricated metal products— Continued
Plumbing fittings and brass g o o d s......
Heating equipment, except electric......
3432
3433
27.9
35.5
14.9
23.6
14.1
22.5
6.2
8.1
6.4
8.8
8.7
15.5
7.7
13.7
92.9
122.6
92.5
124.8
Fabricated structural metal products..........
Fabricated structural metal...................
Metal doors, sash, and trim .................
Fabricated plate w o rk ..........................
Sheet-metal work................................
Architectural metal w ork......................
Prefabricated metal buildings....,..........
Miscellaneous metal w ork....................
344
3441
3442
3443
3444
3446
3448
3449
503 8
98 9
85.9
145 9
103 9
30 5
n a.
n.a.
22.4
25.4
24.1
19.4
23.6
22.1
20.1
21.0
22.5
25.7
22.2
19.9
24.0
21.4
21.3
23.0
8.6
10.8
8.6
7.5
8.6
7.4
7.6
8.3
9.3
12.1
8.2
8.2
9.3
9.1
8.2
9.7
13.8
14.5
15.5
11.8
15.0
14.7
12.5
12.7
13.2
13.5
14.0
11.7
14.7
12.3
13.1
13.3
127.6
160.4
120.8
110.5
136.5
108.3
106.1
131.5
127.8
176.9
106.1
108.5
121.6
123.7
132.4
144.9
Screw machine products, bolts, etc............
Screw machine products.....................
Bolts, nuts, rivets, and washers...........
345
3451
3452
110.0
52.4
57.6
16.5
15.9
17.1
17.0
16.8
17.1
5.4
5.0
5.7
6.2
5.6
6.7
11.1
10.9
11.3
10.8
11.2
10.4
83.9
73.8
92.6
81.1
70.5
90.9
Metal forgings and stam pings....................
Iron and steel forgings.........................
Nonferrous forgings..............................
Automotive stampings...........................
Crowns and c lo s u re s...........................
Metal stampings, n.e.c..........................
346
3462
3463
3465
3466
3469
304.0
50.8
n.a.
116.1
n.a.
126.1
18.4
28.1
11.3
13.3
14.6
19.9
18.4
24.8
14.0
13.1
14.5
21.0
7.1
12.9
4.4
5.0
6.9
7.0
7.8
12.1
7.0
5.6
7.1
8.0
11.2
15.1
6.9
8.2
7.7
12.9
10.6
12.7
7.0
7.4
7.4
13.0
113.9 .
212.6
72.5
72.7
167.5
113.5
114.8
194.5
143.5
73.2
123.2
118.0
Metal services, n.e.c....................................
Plating and polishing....................................
Metal coating and allied services.........
347
3471
3479
103.3
70.9
32.5
17.8
16.6
20.5
18.1
17.7
19.0
7.2
6.9
8.0
7.8
7.8
7.8
10.5
9.7
12.5
10.3
9.9
11.2
99.1
92.6
113.9
106.1
95.4
132.6
Ordnance and accessories, n .e .c................
Small arms amm unition.......................
Ammunition, except for small arms,
n.e.c...................................................
Small arms............................................
Ordnance and accessories, n.e.c.........
348
3482
60.4
n.a.
8.6
5.0
9.3
5.0
3.3
1.9
3.8
2.0
5.2
3.1
5.5
2.9
57.2
37.6
59.4
33.7
3483
3484
3489
26.3
n.a.
n.a.
8.9
9.1
11.4
9.7
10.3
12.2
3.2
4.2
4.2
3.6
4.9
4.9
5.7
4.8
7.2
6.1
5.3
7.3
59.6
64.9
62.6
57.4
79.6
60.6
Miscellaneous fabricated metal products....
Steel springs, except w ire ....................
Valves and pipe fittings........................
Wire sp rin g s..........................................
Miscellaneous fabricated wire prod
ucts....................................................
Metal foil and leaf.................................
Fabricated pipe and fittings..................
Fabricated metal products, n.e.c..........
349
3493
3494
3495
255.8
n.a.
101.2
n.a.
19.8
30.0
18.6
18.4
19.4
29.0
18.1
16.6
7.3
13.5
6.8
5.8
8.1
13.5
7.3
6.2
12.5
16,5
11.8
12.6
11.3
15.4
10.8
10.3
104.4
179.3
91.6
95.7
113.4
188.2
100.2
107.1
3496
3497
3498
3499
53.0
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
21.5
19.7
21.1
18.6
21.0
20.1
20.9
18.9
8.3
7.6
7.5
6.4
8.9
8.1
8.8
8.0
13.2
12.1
13.6
12.1
12.0
12.0
12.0
10.9
135.5
126.5
103.0
86.7
122.2
107.6
132.5
108.5
Machinery, except electrical...............................
35
2,319.2
14.0
14.4
4.7
5.4
9.3
9.0
69.9
75.1
Engines and turbines...................................
Turbines and turbine generator sets....
Internal combustion engines, n .e .c ......
351
3511
3519
134.8
43.2
91.6
12.2
10.2
13.3
12.4
9.3
14.0
4.2
3.5
4.6
5.2
3.1
6.2
8.0
6.7
8.7
7.2
6.2
7.8
70.9
51.3
82.4
89.2
47.9
110.2
Farm and garden machinery........................
Farm machinery and equipment...........
Lawn and garden equipm ent................
352
3523
3524
162.7
143.5
n.a.
18.2
18.2
17.6
18.2
17.6
23.4
6.6
6.7
5.7
6.9
6.8
7.9
11.5
11.5
11.9
11.3
10.8
15.4
89.2
90.4
79.7
88.5
86.8
102.0
Construction and related machinery............
Construction m achinery........................
Mining machinery..................................
Oil field machinery................................
Elevators and moving stairw ays...........
Conveyors and conveying equipment....
Hoists, cranes, and m onorails..............
Industrial trucks and tra cto rs................
353
3531
3532
3533
3534
3535
3536
3537
376.0
165.5
35.0
77.2
n.a.
32.9
n.a.
35.8
17.1
16.3
20.1
16.5
15.5
18.7
20.5
15.9
18.5
17.2
21.5
19.8
13.4
21.7
17.8
18.4
6.6
6.3
7.5
7.0
5.1
6.7
7.5
6.1
7.8
7.4
7.8
8.7
4.4
8.8
7.1
7.9
10.5
10.0
12.6
9.4
10.4
11.9
13.0
9.8
10.7
9.8
13.6
11.1
9.0
12.9
10.7
10.5
96 9
90.2
109 1
105.9
94 2
78.8
130.1
93.7
106 4
96 0
116 9
123 1
63 5
120.0
1116
108.0
Metalworking machinery..............................
Machine tools, metal cutting ty p e s......
Machine tools, metal forming types.....
354
3451
3452
346.7
71.6
24.9
14.1
13.6
14.9
14.0
13.0
16.7
4.0
4.1
4.5
4.5
4.5
5.9
10.1
9.5
10.3
9.5
8.5
10.8
62.7
69.4
61.2
66.2
70.4
79.1
See footnotes at end of table.
Table 176. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates by detailed industry, United States, 1977
and 1978 ‘ — Continued
Incidence rates per 100 full-time workers 5
Industry 2
annual
average
employ
ment (in
thou
sands) 4
SIC
code 3
Total cases®
1977
1978
Lost workday
cases
1977
1978
Nonfatal cases
without lost
workdays
1977
1978
Lost workdays
1977
1978
Machinery, except electrical— Continued
129.9
62.4
34.5
n.a.
n.a.
14.0
13.6
13.9
13.5
14.4
13.1
13.3
16.4
15.3
3.9
4.1
3.5
4.1
4.3
4.4
4.0
5.5
4.4
10.1
9.5
10.4
9.4
10.1
8.7
9.3
10.9
10.9
61.5
59.4
50.4
92.8
64.0
55.1
66.3
101.1
68.5
355
3551
3552
3553
3554
3555
3559
197.9
45.7
26.6
n.a.
n.a.
37.7
n.a.
15.4
16.2
12.0
17.1
18.0
13.5
16.3
15.9
19.4
12.2
18.1
18.0
11.3
17.1
4.8
5.4
3.9
5.4
5.2
4.1
5.1
5.5
6.6
4.1
7.0
6.0
3.9
6.0
10.5
10.7
8.1
11.7
12.8
9.4
11.2
10.4
12.8
8.0
11.1
12.0
7.4
11.1
74.5
82.1
68.7
87.0
87.7
59.2
73.0
79.9
102.3
66.8
86.5
81.2
61.2
79.3
356
3561
3562
3563
3564
3565
3566
3567
3568
3569
311.9
60.0
56.6
30.5
39.3
n.a.
25.4
n.a.
24.0
n.a.
15.3
17.7
10.6
13.3
18.1
15.2
16.0
10.9
12.9
18.4
12.4
19.5
18.8
15.7
15.1
5.1
6.5
3.9
4.3
5.8
5.5
6.3
3.8
4.6
6.7
3.5
6.7
6.3
6.1
5.5
10.2
11.2
6.7
9.0
12.3
9.7
9.7
7.1
8.3
11.7
8.9
12.8
12.5
9.6
9.6
73.7
86.8
58.7
78.0
79.0
77.8
88.6
59.5
73.6
88.3
34.4
90.7
85.9
89.7
73.9
Office and computing m achines...................
357
Electronic computing equipm ent.......... ( 3573
Calculating and accounting m achines... / v -3574
Scales and balances, except labora
tory.....................................................
3576
Office machines, n.e.c.................................
3579
345.6
272.9
n.a.
4.7
3.9
4.9
4.4
4.3
1.8
1.6
2.0
1.9
1.6
2.8
2.3
2.9
2.5
2.7
27.1
23.7
27.1
24.4
23.8
n.a.
n.a.
13.5
8.8
11.2
8.9
3.3
2.8
3.0
3.3
10.2
6.0
8.2
5.6
50.7
34.3
49.1
49.3
Refrigeration and service m achinery.......... ,
Automatic merchandising m ach ines....
Commercial laundry equipm ent........... .
Refrigeration and heating equipment....
Measuring and dispensing pum ps........
Service industry machinery, n.e.c.........
358
3581
3582
3585
3586
3589
184.2
n.a.
n.a.
128.4
n.a.
n.a.
16.4
22.5
19.8
15.4
19.3
17.2
17.3
24.9
22.7
16.4
18.8
17.8
5.3
6.9
5.4
5.1
6.1
5.2
6.5
8.8
6.6
6.3
6.7
6.3
11.1
15.5
14.4
10.3
13.2
12.0
10.8
16.0
16.1
10.1
12.0
11.5
77.0
86.8
79.7
76.6
108.3
69.6
86.7
96.4
88.2
85.8
94.7
86.0
Miscellaneous machinery, except electri
c a l.............................................................
Carburetors, pistons, rings, v a lv e s.......
Machinery, except electrical, n.e.c.......
359
3592
3599
259.4
40.4
219.0
15.5
13.6
15.8
15.9
10.7
16.8
5.1
5.3
5.1
5.9
4.8
6.1
10.4
8.3
10.7
10.0
5.9
10.7
69.8
78.8
68.2
75.6
68.1
76.9
Special dies, tools, jigs, and fixtures....
Machine tool accessories.....................
Power driven hand tools......................
Rolling mill machinery..........................
Metalworking machinery, n .e .c............
3544
3545
3546
3547
3549
Special industry m achinery.........................
Food products machinery.....................
Textile machinery..................................
Woodworking machinery......................
Paper industries machinery..................
Printing trades machinery....................
Special industry machinery, n.e.c........
General industrial machinery......................
Pumps and pumping equipm ent..........
Ball and roller bearings........................
Air and gas com pressors.....................
Blowers and fa ns.................................
Industrial patterns.......................... ......
Speed changers, drives, and g e a rs .....
Industrial furnaces and ovens..............
Power transmission equipment, n.e.c... )
General industrial machinery, n.e.c......
Electric and electronic equipm ent.....................
)
18.8
17.9
14.3
15.0
5.7
5.2
5.3
4.7
13.1
12.6
9.0
10.3
84.9
80.5
79.0
62.3
36
1,999.5
8.6
8.7
3.0
3.3
5.6
5.4
46.7
50.3
Electric distributing equipment.....................
Transform ers........................................
Switchgear and switchboard appara
tu s......................................................
361
3612
122.3
55.2
11.6
13.2
11.4
12.5
3.6
4.3
4.0
4.6
8.0
8.9
7.4
7.9
51.9
61.9
57.7
66.1
3613
67.2
10.2
10.3
3.0
3.5
7.2
6.8
43.5
50.2
Electrical industrial apparatus......................
Motors and generators.........................
Industrial controls.................................
Welding apparatus, electric..................
Carbon and graphite products..............
Electrical industrial apparatus, n .e .c....
362
3621
3622
3623
3624
3629
247.3
136.0
65.3
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
10.5
11.1
9.0
14.3
8.0
8.9
10.4
11.2
8.5
15.1
7.7
8.0
3.6
3.9
3.0
4.4
3.6
2.6
4.0
4.4
2.9
5.3
3.9
2.7
6.9
7.2
5.9
9.9
4.4
6.3
6.4
6.7
5.6
9.7
3.8
5.3
58.3
66.5
42.0
62.7
72.3
34.7
64.6
74.9
45.0
67.5
78.6
41.0
Household ap p liances.................................
Household cooking equipm ent.........
Household refrigerators and freezers...
Household laundry equipm ent..............
Electric housewares and fans...............
Household vacuum cleaners................
* Sewing machines..................................
363
3631
3632
3633
36JM
3635
3636
184.1
n.a.
45.3
23.2
52.9
n.a.
n.a.
13.6
19.7
10.3
12.7
13.0
7.6
11.5
12.6
17.4
9.1
11.8
11.3
8.9
8.8
4.4
6.9
3.1
3.8
4.2
3.4
1.9
4.5
6.9
3.3
3.2
3.9
4.1
1.7
9.2
12.8
7.2
8.9
8.8
4.2
9.6
8.0
10.5
5.7
8.6
7.4
4.8
7.1
62.1
111.7
44.2
39.1
52.3
64.2
43.3
70.0
118.2
43.6
52.8
55.7
86.4
29.1
See footnotes at end of table.
449
Table 176. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates by detailed industry, United States, 1977
and 1978 ^Continued
Industry 2
SIC
code3
1978
annual
average
employ
ment (in
thou
sands) 4
Incidence rates per 100 full-time workers
Total ca se s6
1977
1978
Lost workday
cases
1977
1978
Nonfatal cases
without lost
workdays
1977
1978
5
Lost workdays
1977
1978
Electric and electronic equipment— Continued
Electric lighting and wiring equipment.........
Electric lamps........................................
Current-carrying wiring devices.............
Noncurrent-carrying wiring d e v ice s......
Residential lighting fixtures...................
Commercial lighting fixtures..................
Vehicular lighting equipm ent.................
Lighting equipment, n .e .c.....................
364
3641
3643
3644
3645
3646
3647
3648
217.8
37.6
90.0
22.1
26.3
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
11.1
5.9
10.0
20.1
13.7
19.2
5.9
—
11.7
7.1
9.8
21.2
13.7
20.8
6.5
13.5
3.7
1.6
3.1
8.6
4.2
5.9
1.9
—
4.3
2.2
3.4
8.6
5.3
7.6
2.6
5.4
7.4
4.3
6.9
11.5
9.5
13.3
4.0
—
7.4
4.9
6.4
12.6
8.4
13.2
3.9
8.1
61.6
31.1
53.8
124.0
70.2
103.0
33.2
—
67.7
36.4
59.8
126.8
63.8
127.9
47.9
71.3
Radio and TV receiving equipment..............
Radio and TV receiving sets.................
Phonograph records.............................
365
3651
3652
117.2
91.9
n.a.
8.8
9.1
7.6
8.8
8.8
9.0
3.1
3.0
3.4
3.4
3.2
4.1
5.6
6.0
4.2
5.4
5.6
4.9
47.2
45.2
54.9
52.7
51.4
57.4
Communication equipment...........................
Telephone and telegraph apparatus.....
Radio and TV communication equipm e n t..................................................
366
3661
493.2
152.3
4.7
5.9
5.1
6.2
1.8
2.6
2.0
2.8
2.9
3.3
3.0
3.4
30.6
45.3
35.8
60.9
3662
340.9
4.2
4.6
1.5
1.7
2.7
2.9
24.1
24.8
Electronic components and acce sso rie s.....
Electron tubes, receiving ty p e ..............
Cathode ray television picture tubes.....
Electron tubes, transmitting..................
Semiconductors and related devices....
Electronic capacitors.............................
Electronic resistors................................
Electronic coils and transformers.........
Electronic components, n.e.c................
367
3671
3672
3673
3674
3675
3676
3677
3679
455.1
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
167.1
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
180.7
7.2
2.8
9.0
7.9
5.3
6.5
9.5
11.2
8.4
7.7
3.9
10.7
7.4
6.4
5.9
9.0
10.1
8.8
2.4
1.5
4.6
2.1
1.9
2.0
3.2
2.9
2.5
2.7
1.4
6.5
2.1
2.3
2.0
3.1
2.9
2.9
4.8
1.3
4.4
5.8
3.3
4.5
6.3
8.2
5.9
5.0
2.5
4.2
5.2
4.1
3.9
5.9
7.1
5.9
34.9
24.5
88.2
30.4
30.8
36.1
53.3
29.4
33.2
34.1
24.0
94.9
38.1
28.8
24.7
41.7
32.0
35.5
Miscellaneous electrical equipment and
supplies.....................................................
Storage batteries..................................
Primary batteries, dry and w et..............
X-ray apparatus and tubes....................
Engine electrical equipment..................
Electrical equipment and supplies,
n.e.c...................................................
369
3691
3692
3693
3694
162.6
30.5
n.a.
n.a.
77.0
10.0
21.4
4.1
10.6
3.9
4.7
5.3
8.0
4.7
4.1
4.4
66.7
187.5
1.8
3.1
4.1
10.2
1.7
1.7
2.9
5.8
10.8
5.7
7.8
9.4
18.2
6.4
5.8
7.3
24.1
46.5
62.9
178.5
26.6
23.4
42.1
—
—
_
_
3699
n.a.
8.6
14.1
3.4
6.0
5.2
8.1
50.5
69.7
Transportation equipm ent...................................
37
1,991.7
11.8
11.5
5.0
5.1
6.8
6.3
79.3
78.0
Motor vehicles and equipm ent....................
Motor vehicles and car b o d ie s.... ......
Truck and bus b o d ie s...........................
Motor vehicle parts and accessories....
Truck trailers.........................................
371
3711
3713
3714
3715
997.2
463.3
46.1
455.8
32.0
11.5
9.4
25.8
11.3
28.2
11.3
8.1
29.5
11.4
26.7
4.9
4.2
9.7
4.7
11.2
5.1
4.0
11.9
5.1
11.9
6.6
5.2
16.1
6.6
17.0
6.1
4.1
17.5
6.3
14.8
70.3
54.6
140.3
73.6
164 4
73.9
52.7
132.6
81.7
178.2
Aircraft and parts..........................................
Aircraft...................................................
Aircraft engines and engine parts........
Aircraft equipment, n.e.c.......................
372
3721
3724
3728
525.5
289.4
132.5
103.5
6.0
4.6
6.1
10.1
6.5
4.8
7.1
11.2
2.2
1.6
2.5
3.4
2.5
1.9
3.0
3.7
3.8
2.9
3.6
6.7
4.0
2.9
4.1
7.5
35.5
29.0
39.8
49.7
37.7
31.6
43.1
49.6
Ship and boat building and repairing...........
Ship building and repairing...................
Boat building and repairing...................
373
3731
3732
223.1
169.3
53.7
22.6
21.7
26.2
21.3
20.8
22.8
10.8
11.0
9.9
10.8
11.0
9.9
11.8
10.6
16.3
10.4
9.8
12.8
203.3
219.0
144.3
195.5
211.5
136.0
Railroad equipment......................................
Motorcycles, bicycles, and parts..................
374
375
63.0
n.a.
19.7
15.6
19.7
16.3
7.8
4.9
9.1
5.8
11.9
10.7
10.5
10.5
162.1
769
143.6
70.8
Guided missiles, space vehicles, and parts..
Guided missiles and space vehicles.....
Space propulsion units and parts.........
Space vehicle equipment, n.e.c............
376
3761
3764
3769
92.3
73.5
n.a.
n.a.
3.0
2.7
4.9
—
4.2
3.6
7.2
4.8
1.1
1.1
1.5
—
1.5
1.4
2.5
1.7
1.8
1.6
3.4
—
2.7
2.2
4.7
3.1
20*4
19.6
27.3
—
23.0
20.3
38.0
23.6
Miscellaneous transportation equipment......
Travel trailers and cam p e rs..................
Tanks and tank com ponents................
Transportation equipment, n.e.c...........
379
3792
3795
3799
72.5
51.1
n.a.
n.a.
25.9
28.6
13.9
24.6
23.9
28.3
9.2
20.8
10.1
10.5
6.1
11.4
9.7
11.0
4.4
9.7
15.8
18.1
7.8
13.2
14.2
17.3
4.8
11.1
130.0
141.9
69.5
130.2
104.2
114.2
46.5
120.0
See footnotes at end of table.
450
Table 176. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates by detailed industry, United States, 1977
and 1978 ‘ — Continued
Industry 2
SIC
code 3
1978
annual
average
employ
ment (in
thou
sands) 4
Incidence rates per 100 full-time workers 5
Total c ase s6
1977
1978
Lost workday
cases
1977
1978
Nonfatal cases
without lost
workdays
1977
1978
Lost workdays
1977
1978
Instruments and related products.......................
38
653.5
7.0
6.9
2.4
2.6
4.6
4.3
37.4
37.0
Engineering and scientific instruments........
381
65.7
6.2
6.2
2.0
2.1
4.2
4.1
31.2
28.5
Measuring and controlling d e v ic e s ..............
Environmental controls.........................
Process control instruments..................
Fluid meters and counting d e v ic e s......
Instruments to measure electricity.......
Measuring and controlling devices,
n.e.c...................................................
382
3822
3823
3824
3825
215.6
48.2
48.7
n.a.
82.3
7.6
9.0
7.4
11.3
6.0
7.3
9.7
6.5
12.4
5.1
2.5
3.1
2.4
3.6
2.1
2.8
3.8
2.6
4.3
2.2
5.1
5.8
5.0
7.7
3.9
4.5
5.9
3.9
8.1
2.9
41.6
58.8
39.9
52.4
32.2
40.5
64.9
33.3
55.3
29.3
3829
n.a.
8.3
8.6
2.3
2.5
6.0
6.1
31.6
31.7
Optical instruments and len ses....................
383
27.8
6.5
6.1
2.5
2.4
4.0
3.7
46.0
36.6
Medical instruments and supplies................
Surgical and medical instrum ents........
Surgical appliances and su pp lies.........
Dental equipment and su pp lies............
384
3841
3842
3843
137.4
57.8
62.3
n.a.
7.6
7.3
7.5
9.1
7.7
7.5
7.1
10.2
2.5
2.2
2.7
2.7
2.9
2.7
2.9
3.7
5.1
5.1
4.8
6.4
4.8
4.8
4.2
6.5
36.4
29.0
41.9
38.7
39.8
40.7
37.3
46.6
Ophthhalmic g oo d s......................................
Photographic equipment and su pp lies........
Watches, clocks, and w atchcases...............
385
386
387
43.9
132.9
30.1
8.0
6.0
5.5
7.7
5.7
6.7
3.2
2.2
1.9
2.9
2.1
2.3
4.8
3.8
3.6
4.8
3.6
4.3
35.6
34.9
32.1
39.4
32.7
34.5
Miscellaneous manufacturing industries.............
39
454.0
11.5
11.8
4.0
4.5
7.5
7.3
58.7
66.4
Jewelry, silverware, and plated ware...........
Jewelry, precious m etal........................
Silverware and plated ware...................
Jew elers’ materials and lapidary work...
391
3911
3914
3915
63.8
42.1
n.a.
n.a.
6.1
4.6
9.9
—
6.2
4.9
10.3
6.4
2.2
1.4
5.0
2.5
1.6
5.2
2.4
3.8
3.2
4.9
—
3.7
3.3
5.1
3.9
32.9
17.2
86.6
—
41.5
25.3
88.5
47.7
Musical instruments.....................................
393
25.2
13.8
13.8
5.0
4.4
8.8
9.4
72.6
54.3
394
Toys and sporting goods..............................
D o lls ...................................................... . 3942
3944
Games, toys, and children’s ve h icle s....
3949
Sporting and athletic goods, n.e.c........
121.6
n.a.
n.a.
62.3
13.8
7.8
12.8
15.4
13.9
8.4
14.1
14.5
5.0
3.5
5.1
5.2
5.4
2.4
• 5.6
5.6
8.7
4.3
7.7
10.1
8.5
5.9
8.5
8.9
70.9
44.3
78.8
68.2
81.7
28.7
85.4
85.0
Pens, pencils, office and art supplies..........
Pens and mechanical p e n cils...............
Lead pencils and art g o o d s ..................
Marking d evices....................................
Carbon paper and inked ribbons..........
395
3951
3952
3953
3955
37.7
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
10.4
8.1
14.4
7.4
13.7
12.0
9.8
15.5
9.6
15.2
3.9
3.0
5.7
2.2
5.8
5.0
3.8
6.5
3.4
7.6
6.4
5.0
8.6
5.2
7.9
7.0
5.9
9.0
6.2
7.6
58.3
47.7
71.2
32.1
103.2
58.8
52.6
69.9
42.8
81.0
Costume jewelry and notions......................
Costume jew elry...................................
396
3961
63.5
35.2
8.1
6.4
8.1
5.6
2.6
2.3
3.2
2.3
5.5
4.1
4.9
3.3
40.4
34.4
46.0
33.4
Artificial flo w ers............................................
Buttons..................................................
Needles, pins, and fasteners................
3962
3963
3964
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
7.6
10.4
12.3
7.8
11.0
2.3
3.0
4.5
3.0
4.3
5.3
7.4
7.7
4.8
6.7
30.3
50.4
51.7
44.2
63.8
Miscellaneous m anufactures.......................
Brooms and brushes.............................
Signs and advertising displays..............
Burial caskets........................................
Hard surface floor coverings.................
Manufacturing industries, n.e.c.............
399
3991
3993
3995
3996
3999
142..3
n.a.
47.6
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
13.3
14.5
14.3
16.3
12.0
11.5
13.7
13.7
14.5
17.0
11.2
12.4
4.4
5.2
4.5
4.5
5.3
3.9
5.2
5.8
5.2
5.6
5.5
4.7
8.9
9.2
9.8
11.7
6.7
7.6
8.5
7.9
9.3
11.4
5.7
7.6
65.5
89.3
64.8
74.8
67.2
55.3
77.3
94.3
79.7
64.2
117.9
64.9
-
8,230.0
11.8
11.8
4.7
5.0
7.1
6.8
76.3
78.4
Food and kindred products.................................
20
1,721.2
19.5
19.4
8.5
8.9
11.0
10.5
130.1
132.2
Meat products............. .................................
Meatpacking p lants...............................
Sausages and other prepared m e ats....
Poultry dressing plants..........................
Poultry and egg processing...................
201
2011
2013
2016
2017
353.9
168.8
71.0
101.1
n.a.
28.8
33.6
25.2
23.6
20.6
28.4
32.8
24.9
23.6
22.8
12.8
15.6
11.2
9.4
8.1
13.2
16.0
11.2
9.9
9.3
16.0
18.0
14.0
14.2
12.5
15.2
16.8
13.7
13.6
13.5
171.1
202.3
147.5
137.0
115.4
168.9
201.3
158.1
125.8
115.0
Nondurable g o o d s......................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
451
_
_
_
_
Table 176. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates by detailed industry, United States, 1977
and 19781 Continued
—
Incidence rates per 100 full-time workers 5
Industry 2
SIC
code 3
annual
average
employ
ment (in
thou
sands) 4
Food and kindred products— Continued
Dairy products.............................................
Creamery butter...................................
Cheese, natural and processed...........
Condensed and evaporated milk.........
Ice cream and frozen desserts.............
Fluid m ilk .............................................
202
2021
2022
2023
2024
2026
203
2032
2033
2034
2035
2037
2038
Grain mill products.......................................
Flour and other grain mill products......
Cereal Breakfast fo o d s.........................
Rice milling...........................................
Blended and prepared flo ur.................
Wet corn milling....................................
Dog, cat, and other pet food.................
Prepared feeds, n.e.c............................
1977
184.2
n.a.
32.1
n.a.
n.a.
117.7
Preserved fruits and vegetables...................
Canned specialties................................
Canned fruits and vegetables..............
Dehydrated fruits, vegetables, soups.... j
Pickles, sauces, and salad d ressings....
Frozen fruits and vegetables...............
Frozen specialties.................................
Total cases®
15.1
1978
13.7
12.3
16.7
15.4
15.8
14.4
15.9
13.2
15.4
16.1
252.1
26.7
95.6
n.a.
n.a.
51.5
n.a.
17.3
12.9
18.0
18.1
17.3
20.5
13.9
204
2041
2043
2044
2045
2046
2047
2048
144.7
25.8
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
59.1
Bakery products..........................................
Bread, cake, and related products.......
Cookies and crack ers...........................
205
2051
2052
Sugar and confectionery products...............
Raw cane sugar....................................
Cane sugar refining..............................
Beet sugar............................................
Confectionery p rod u cts........................
Chocolate and cocoa products.............
Chewing g u m ........................................
Lost workday
cases
1977
6.5
1978
Nonfatal cases
without lost
workdays
Lost workdays
1977
1977
1978
114.4
8.6
5.9
5.4
7.1
6.7
7.3
5.8
8.0
6.1
7.4
7.3
17.1
11.9
19.2
17.6
15.6
19.4
13.2
7.4
5.4
7.2
8.7
7.9
9.2
6.2
14.9
15.3
16.5
18.3
15.0
10.4
17.7
14.2
15.0
15.3
15.1
18.0
12.7
10.4
17.2
15.3
234.8
192.0
42.8
14.2
14.4
13.3
206
2061
2062
2063
2065
2066
2067
110.5
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
57.8
n.a.
n.a.
Fats and o ils ................................................
Cottonseed oil m ills..............................
Soybean oil mills...................................
Vegetable oil mills, n.e.c.......................
Animal and marine fats and o ils...........
Shortening and cooking o ils.................
207
2074
2075
2076
2077
2079
B everages....................................................
Malt beverages.....................................
Malt.......................................................
Wines, brandy, and brandy spirits........
Distilled liquor, except brandy...............
Bottled and canned soft drinks.............
Flavoring extract^ and syrups, n.e.c....
1978
7.7
6.9
9.6
8.7
8.5
8.6
7.9
7.1
8.0
8.8
87.5
93.7
120.5
122.1
114.1
81.5
111.6
81.5
107.0
120.0
8.0
5.5
8.5
9.7
6.7
9.8
6.5
9.9
7.5
10.8
9.4
9.3
11.2
7.6
9.1
6.4
10.7
7.9
8.9
9.6
6.7
122.7
103.7
113.7
140.4
112.8
164.6
103.3
124.9
90.6
122.9
140.6
143.0
152.9
99.8
6.5
6.9
7.1
9.1
6.8
5.5
7.3
5.9
6.9
7.2
6.9
9.1
6.5
4.1
8.2
6.9
8.4
8.4
9.4
9.1
8.2
4.9
10.4
8.3
8.1
8.1
8.2
8.8
6.2
6.3
9.0
8.4
115.2
126.1
148.5
175.6
127.6
85.8
126.7
96.5
126.0
125.8
175.9
214.2
97.5
73.0
166.2
109.1
13.8
13.7
14.1
6.3
6.4
5.7
6.4
6.4
6.5
7.9
7.9
7.6
7.4
7.3
7.6
114.9
113.7
121.0
119.3
115.9
136.1
15.0
20.0
12.8
21.3
13.5
11.1
15.8
14.8
25.5
11.9
22.3
13.1
10.9
11.0
6.6
8.7
5.5
11.1
5.9
4.1
6.2
7.1
11.7
6.7
12.7
5.8
4.1
5.9
8.3
11.1
7.3
10.2
7.6
7.0
9.6
7.7
13.7
5.1
9.6
7.3
6.8
5.1
105.2
129.6
107.7
133:1
95.3
76.9
127.8
104.2
134.9
166.2
125.0
87.6
62.1
117.7
42.0
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
21.9
20.3
17.5
15.6
25.0
23.5
20.2
18.0
16.5
12.8
26.5
18.3
9.1
8.6
6.7
6.6
11.7
8.7
9.2
7.9
7.8
4.9
12.8
7.6
12.8
11.7
10.8
8.9
13.3
14.7
11.0
10.0
8.7
7.9
13.7
10.7
139.9
161.4
131.3
122.3
165.8
107.7
144.7
165.4
126.5
83.6
181.3
115.2
208
2082
2083
2084
2085
2086
2087
231.6
50.6
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
135.6
n.a.
22.7
19.2
9.3
6.1
9.5
9.8
15.0
4.4
13.0
12.6
10.5
11.2
8.5
14.5
4.5
129.0
116.8
9.5
6.2
11.5
3.4
10.0
6.7
16.8
12.2
7.6
11.8
3.7
13.3
13.1
19.1
16.0
26.6
7.8
23.0
19.3
27.3
23.4
16.1
26.4
8.2
110.9
117.8
143.4
47.1
132.7
123.3
249.9
153.3
123.2
141.4
52.7
Miscellaneous foods and kindred products.,
Canned and cured seafoods................
Fresh or frozen packaged fish..............
Macaroni and spaghetti........................
Food preparations, n.e.c......................
209
2091
2092
2098
2099
167.5
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
16.8
20.7
21.7
17.0
14.8
16.3
22.3
20.4
17.5
14.7
7.6
8.8
9.6
7.0
6.7
7.5
10.2
10.0
9.2
6.5
9.2
11.9
12.1
10.0
8.1
8.8
12.1
10.3
8.3
8.2
120.6
145.2'
113.7
166.9
107.1
120.6
173.5
150.0
163.6
102.4
Tobacco manufactures........................................
Cigarettes.....................................................
Cigars..................................................... ......
Chewing and smoking to b acco ...................
Tobacco stemming and redrying.................
21
211
212
213
214
69.6
44.3
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
9.1
7.4
9.0
12.1
15.0
8.7
7.7
6.9
11.8
13.6
3.8
3.9
2.7
3.2
5.0
4.0
4.1
2.7
3.3
5.1
5.3
3.5
6.3
8.9
10.0
4.6
3.5
4.2
8.5
8.5
66.7
73.9
44.8
54.4
61.0
58.6
60.0
41.4
49.3
69.0
Textile mill products.............................................
22
900.2
10.2
10.2
2.9
3.4
7.3
6.8
57.4
61.5
Weaving mills, cotton...................................
221
149.8
—
7.7
—
1.9
—
5.8
—
See footnotes at end of table.
452
—
___
___
—
48.5
Table 176. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates by detailed industry, United States, 1977
and 19781 Continued
—
Incidence rates per 100 full-time workers 5
Industry 2
SIC
code3
annual
average
employ
ment (in
thou
sands) 4
Total cases®
1977
1978
Lost workday
cases
1977
1978
Nonfatal cases
without lost
workdays
1977
1978
Lost workdays
1977
1978
Textile mill products— Continued
Weaving mills, synthetics.............................
Weaving and finishing mills, w o o l................
Narrow fabric m ills .......................................
222
223
224
125.0
20.9
26.0
8.1
12.9
10.6
7.7
14.9
10.9
1.9
5.4
3.3
2.2
6.6
4.1
6.2
7.5
7.3
5.4
8.3
6.8
45.4
97.2
58.0
44.9
118.6
62.4
Knitting mills.................................................
W omen’s hosiery, except s o c k s...........
Hosiery, n .e.c........................................
Knit outerwear mills...............................
Knit underwear m ills..............................
Circular knit fabric mills.........................
Warp knit fabric mills.............................
Knitting mills, n.e.c................................
225
2251
2252
2253
2254
2257
2258
2259
236.4
28.2
34.9
79.3
33.9
34.6
n.a.
n.a.
7.8
4.4
5.4
6.5
9.0
11.4
10.4
13.0
8.5
5.1
5.8
7.5
9.4
12.0
12.1
14.3
2.6
1.6
2.0
2.1
3.1
4.1
2.7
5.9
3.1
2.0
2.3
2.6
3.5
4.4
3.5
7.4
5.1
2.8
3.3
4.4
5.9
7.3
7.7
7.1
5.4
3.1
3.4
4.9
5.9
7.6
8.5
6.9
40.2
22.2
25.1
34.3
36.3
71.1
45.1
92.1
46.5
36.3
34.9
35.9
49.2
70.3
61.1
66.9
Textile finishing, except wool.......................
Finishing plants, cotton.........................
Finishing plants, synthetics...................
Finishing plants, n .e.c...........................
226
2261
2262
2269
79.3
33.5
29.3
n.a.
13.0
11.8
14.3
13.2
13.0
11.1
13.7
15.6
4.5
4.1
5.0
4.1
4.9
4.4
5.2
5.2
8.5
7.7
9.3
9.1
8.1
6.7
8.5
10.4
79.3
82.4
78.6
74.4
91.4
84.8
95.4
98.2
Floor covering m ills......................................
Woven carpets and ru g s....................
Tufted carpets and ru g s.......................
Carpets and rugs, n.e.c........................
227
2271
2272
2279
61.2
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
12.7
12.6
12.9
13.9
10.0
14.7
8.7
3.4
2.9
3.5
4.2
3.5
4.4
4.7
9.3
9.7
9.3
9.6
6.5
10.3
4.0
76.0
56.3
80.6
73.7
66.0
75.4
62.5
Yarn and thread m ills ..................................
Yarn mills, except wool.........................
Throwing and winding m ills...................
Wool yarn m ills.....................................
Thread mills...........................................
228
2281
2282
2283
2284
131.5
87.8
22.2
n.a.
n.a.
120.0
12.2
11.2
13.2
2.8
2.6
2.8
5.0
—
8.4
8.7
7.9
9.8
5.3
56.9
59.0
42.5
83.5
—
3.2
3.0
3.4
5.5
2.4
9.2
9.6
8.4
8.2
—
11.7
11.8
11.3
15.3
7.7
Miscellaneous textile goods.........................
Felt goods, except woven felts and
hats....................................................
Lace goods............................................
Paddings and upholstery filling.............
Processed textile w aste........................
Coated fabrics, not rubberized..............
Tire cord and fabric...............................
Nonwoven fabrics.............. ...................
Cordage and tw ine................................
Textile goods, n.e.c...............................
229
70.1
14.3
15.0
5.6
6.3
8.7
8.7
105.2
105.5
2291
2292
2293
2294
2295
2296
2297
2298
2299
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
18.9
7.1
10.5
9.4
9.0
12.7
7.8
8.4
9.7
9.9
3.9
8.6
8.8
8.2
136.5
5.8
5.3
4.9
10.8
3.1
9.9
6.5
6.7
2.9
5.4
6.1
5.0
11.7
16.3
14.7
14.0
23.5
10.9
18.4
16.3
16.7
6.8
14.0
14.9
13.2
116.4
90.0
95.9
164.6
70.8
176.4
91.0
128.6
68.8
92.6
87.0
64.6
Apparel and other textile products.....................
23
1,332.5
6.7
6.5
2.0
2.2
4.7
4.3
31.7
32.4
Men’s and boys’ suits and c o a ts .................
231
91.1
6.5
6.3
2.4
2.3
4.1
4.0
36.8
37.4
boys’ furnishings........................
and boys’ shirts and nightwear...
and boys’ underwear..................
and boys’ neckw ear...................
and boys’ separate trousers.......
and boys’ work clothing.............
and boys’ clothing, n.e.c............
232
2321
2322
2323
2327
2328
2329
369.3
106.8
n.a.
n.a.
81.8
97.3
n.a.
8.3
6.0
7.5
3.0
7.6
11.7
8.5
7.7
5.8
8.0
3.5
7.0
10.4
8.2
2.6
1.7
2.4
.7
2.4
3.9
2.2
2.7
2.0
2.8
.9
2.5
3.8
2.5
5.7
4.2
5.1
2.3
5.2
7.8
6.2
5.0
3.8
5.2
2.6
4.5
6.5
5.7
39.7
24.4
37.5
15.5
36.9
66.2
30.1
40.4
27.4
42.0
25.2
36.7
61.1
37.3
Women’s and m isses’ outerwear.................
Women’s and m isses’ blouses and
w a ists................................................
Women’s and m isses’ d resse s.............
Women’s and m isses’ suits and coats..
233
438.7
4.7
4.8
1.2
1.3
3.5
3.5
21.3
17.6
2331
2335
2337
60.2
167.6
65.1
4.2
3.2
1.0
.8
—
1.0
.9
1.3
3.2
2.4
—
4.6
3.4
4.5
—
3.6
2.4
3.2
19.4
11.4
—
13.9
11.6
18.5
Women’s and m isses’ outerwear, n .e.c.......
2339
145.9
6.2
6.6
1.6
1.9
4.6
4.7
28.8
25.1
Women’s and children’s undergarments......
Women’s and children’s underwear......
Brassieres and allied garm ents............
234
2341
2342
92.9
72.7
20.3
5.8
6.1
4.6
6.2
6.3
5.5
1.5
1.6
1.2
1.7
1.8
1.7
4.3
4.5
3.4
4.4
4.5
3.8
21.4
22.0
19.5
30.2
30.4
29.3
Hats, caps, and millinery..............................
Millinery.................................................
235
2351
n.a.
n.a.
6.8
—
7.5
4.4
2.0
—
2.7
.9
4.7
—
4.8
3.5
32.6
—
33.1
10.3
Men’s and
M en's
Men’s
Men’s
Men’s
Men’s
M en’s
See footnotes at end of table.
453
—
—
19.3
13.0
15.8
—
—
—
8.9
5.8
6.9
—
—
—
10.4
7.2
8.9
—
—
—
—
154.1
84.0
136.3
— ■
61.7
61.5
49.3
101.3
45.9
Table 176. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates by detailed industry, United States, 1977
and 19781 Continued
—
Industry 2
SIC
code 3
Incidence rates per 100 full-time workers
1978
annual
average
employ
ment (in
thou
sands) 4
Total c ase s6
1977
1978
Lost workday
cases
1977
1978
Nonfatal cases
without lost
workdays
1977
1978
5
Lost workdays
1977
1978
Apparel and other textile products— Continued
Children’s outerwear....................................
Children’s dresses and blouses............
Children’s outerwear, n.e.c....................
236
2361
2369
69.6
26.9
n.a.
5.8
5.7
6.1
5.3
4.3
5.4
1.6
1.3
1.9
1.8
1.2
2.2
4.2
4.4
4.1
3.4
3.1
3.2
23.5
16.3
30.0
29.5
20.9
33.0
Miscellaneous apparel and a cce sso rie s......
Fabric dress and work gloves...............
Robes and dressing gowns...................
Waterproof outergarments....................
Leather and sheep lined clothing.........
Apparel b elts.........................................
Apparel and accessories, n .e .c............
238
2381
2384
2385
2386
2387
2389
60.3
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
6.1
6.4
5.8
6.2
2.0
2.5
1.9
1.8
5.5
3.1
4.2
3.0
4.3
5.1
3.1
5.7
4.1
32.1
42.8
32.4
29.5
2.1
1.4
2.2
2.3
1.6
1.9
2.5
2.6
2.4
4.1
3.9
3.8
4.4
7.6
4.5
6.4
5.3
6.0
7.0
5.7
8.3
6.5
32.3
23.3
31.9
38.6
24.7
34.7
35.3
31.3
22.8
Miscellaneous fabricated textile products....
Curtains and draperies..........................
House furnishings, n .e.c.......................
Textile bag s...........................................
Canvas and related products................
Pleating and stitching............................
Automotive and apparel trimmings.......
Schiffli machine em broideries...............
Fabricated textile products, n.e.c.........
239
2391
2392
2393
2394
2395
2396
2397
2399
190.9
30.8
51.6
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
36.5
n.a.
n.a.
8.7
7.1
9.9
14.0
10.9
4.7
7.4
9.0
9.8
8.9
8.6
9.7
11.9
10.9
6.1
7.2
6.2
9.8
2.8
2.2
2.8
4.7
3.9
1.9
2.6
2.7
3.0
3.3
3.2
3.6
4.5
3.8
2.5
2.8
2.8
3.5
5.9
4.9
7.1
9.3
6.9
2.8
4.8
6.3
6.8
5.6
5.3
6.1
7.4
7.1
3.6
4.4
3.4
6.3
44.9
38.8
44.1
68.8
45.2
29.5
57.8
32.5
38.0
49.1
50.3
47.3
90.1
59.6
35.4
43.0
49.2
47.8
Paper and allied products...................................
26
700.9
13.6
13.6
5.0
5.7
8.5
7.8
101.6
103.3
Pulp m ills......................................................
Paper mills, except building paper...............
Paperboard mills...........................................
261
262
263
n.a.
168.0
69.1
13.1
10.6
13.6
11.1
10.3
12.3
3.3
4.1
5.0
3.5
4.6
4.9
9.7
6.5
8.6
7.6
5.7
7.4
87.4
107.0
111.5
82.7
106.5
106.7
Miscellaneous converted paper products....
Paper coating and glazing....................
Envelopes.............................................
Bags, except textile b a g s .....................
Die-cut paper and board.......................
Pressed and molded pulp goods..........
Sanitary paper products........................
Stationery products...............................
Converted paper products, n.e.c..........
264
2641
2642
2643
2645
2646
2647
2648
2649
219.9
56.4
24.2
49.7
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
13.9
12.6
16.8
15.9
12.7
16.2
9.7
16.7
14.0
14.0
10.8
16.8
16.2
13.4
17.9
10.3
15.8
16.4
5.2
4.5
6.7
5.6
5.3
7.9
3.1
6.4
5.3
5.8
4.4
6.6
6.8
6.1
7.5
3.9
6.4
7.2
8.7
8.1
10.1
10.3
7.4
8.3
6.6
10.3
8.7
8.2
6.4
10.1
9.4
7.3
10.4
6.4
9.4
9.1
88.5
73.8
107.0
100.8
68.2
137.2
59.6
105.3
104.7
89.9
67.6
100.3
99.3
90.7
136.6
83.2
83.9
105.6
Paperboard containers and b oxes...............
Folding paperboard boxes....................
Set-up paperboard b oxes....................
Corrugated and solid fiber b o x e s.........
Sanitary food containers.......................
Fiber cans, drums, and similar prod
u cts....................................................
265
2651
2652
2653
2654
214.1
45.8
n.a.
106.9
28.4
15.9
14.4
13.4
18.1
11.2
16.4
15.7
12.9
18.5
12.4
5.9
5.1
5.2
6.7
4.4
6.8
6.3
5.2
7.7
5.5
10.0
9.3
8.1
11.4
6.8
9.6
9.4
7.7
10.7
6.9
105.1
90.7
82.1
122.0
81.6
114.0
99.3
92.5
127.7
104.3
2655
n.a.
16.2
15.5
5.8
5.9
10.4
9.6
97.3
98.7
Building paper and board m ills....................
266
n.a.
13.6
13.3
5.8
5.7
7.8
7.6
144.7
106.7
Printing and publishing........................................
27
1,193.1
6.8
7.0
2.7
2.9
4.1
4.1
41.7
43.8
New spapers.................................................
Periodicals....................................................
271
272
407.4
79.5
5.3
2.6
5.8
2.9
2.3
1.0
2.6
1.2
3.0
1.6
3.2
1.7
42.1
13.2
44.2
16.9
B ooks...........................................................
Book publishing....................................
Book printing.........................................
273
2731
2732
100.4
71.5
29.0
7.2
4.8
12.4
7.2
4.8
12.3
2.6
1.7
4.3
2.7
2.0
4.2
4.6
3.0
8.0
4.5
2.8
8.1
34.6
20.9
63.0
36.6
24.3
63.4
Miscellaneous publishing..............................
274
45.8
3.4
2.7
1.6
1.2
1.8
1.5
32.8
19.0
Commercial printing.....................................
Commercial printing, letterpress...........
Commercial printing, lithographic.........
Engraving and plate printing.................
Commercial printing, gravure................
275
2751
2752
2753
2754
391.6
167.8
201.2
n.a.
n.a.
8.4
7.5
8.6
7.7
17.9
8.7
7.7
9.1
8.0
16.0
3.2
3.0
3.1
2.8
9.0
3.6
3.3
3.6
2.7
8.4
5.2
4.5
5.5
4.9
8.9
5.1
4.4
5.5
5.3
7.6
47.4
46.1
44.5
45.3
117.1
53.0
50.8
52.5
55.0
94.5
Manifold business fo rm s..............................
276
44.8
11.3
11.7
4.7
4.9
6.6
6.7
69.8
57.4
—
See footnotes at end of table.
454
—
—
—
Table 176. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates by detailed industry, United States, 1977
and 19781 Continued
—
Industry 2
SIC
code 3
1978
annual
average
employ
ment (in
thou
sands) 4
Incidence rates per 100 full-time workers
Total c ase s6
1977
1978
Lost workday
cases
1977
1978
Nonfatal cases
without lost
workdays
1977
1978
5
Lost workdays
1977
1978
Printing and publishing— Continued
Greeting card publishing..............................
277
n.a.
7.1
6.4
2.7
2.7
4.4
3.7
37.4
32.4
Bankbooks and bookbinding.......................
Bankbooks and looseleaf binders.......
Bookbinding and related w ork..............
278
2782
2789
61.0
n.a.
n.a.
11.0
10.3
12.0
11.0
10.7
11.4
4.3
4.0
4.7
4.2
4.3
4.0
6.7
6.3
7.3
6.8
6.4
7.3
55.2
47.7
66.5
58.4
52.6
67.5
Printing trade services.................................
Typesetting............................................
Photoengraving.....................................
Electrotyping and stereotyping.............
Lithographic platemaking serv ices.......
279
2791
2793
2794
2795
40.0
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
2.9
1.8
4.4
—
—
2.5
1.6
3.2
5.8
4.3
.9
.6
1.3
—
—
.9
.6
1.3
1.8
1.4
2.0
1.2
3.1
—
—
1.6
1.0
1.9
4.0
2.9
13.8
9.6
28.4
—
—
14.1
10.8
15.2
17.6
24.9
Chem icals and allied products............................
28
1,096.3
8.0
7.8
3.1
3.3
4.9
4.5
51.4
50.9
Industrial inorganic chem icals......................
Alkalies and chlorine.............................
Inorganic pigm ents................................
Industrial inorganic chemicals, n.e.c.....
281
2812
2816
2819
166.3
n.a.
n.a.
108.3
6.7
5.1
11.1
6.3
6.2
5.1
10.0
5.9
2.6
2.3
4.7
2.3
2.6
2.4
4.9
2.2
4.1
2.8
6.4
4.0
3.6
2.7
5.1
3.7
53.8
56.5
101.1
46.8
49.6
54.9
88.6
40.7
Plastics materials and synthetics.................
Plastics materials and re s in s................
Synthetic rubber....................................
Organic fibers, noncelluosic..................
282
2821
2822
2824
215 9
83.7
n.a.
96.8
5.9
9.3
10.0
2.8
5.7
8.7
10.7
2.5
2.1
3.5
4.5
.9
2.3
3.8
4.8
.8
3.7
5.8
5.5
1.9
3.4
4.9
5.9
1.7
37.5
54.1
67.6
21.7
35.8
53.3
62.6
17.9
D ru g s............................................................
Biological products................................
Medicinals and botanicals....................
Pharmaceutical preparations.................
283
2831
2833
2834
186.4
n.a.
n.a.
149.2
6.S
5.5
7.5
6.3
6.7
6.4
7.1
6.7
2.7
2.3
3.0
2.7
3.a
3.1
4.0
2.9
3.6
3.2
4.5
3.5
3.7
3.3
3.1
3.8
39.3
40.7
44.6
38.5
42.7
49.0
58.2
40.0
Soap, cleaners, and toilet g o o d s .................
Soap and other detergents...................
Polishes and sanitation goods..............
Surface active ag e nts...........................
Toilet preparations.................................
284
2841
2842
2843
2844
136.1
40.8
n.a.
n.a.
55.6
10.0
10.0
11.9
14.6
8.3
9.8
8.7
12.8
14.2
8.5
3.9
4.3
3.8
6.0
3.4
4.5
4.5
5.2
5.9
3.9
6.1
5.7
8.1
8.6
4.9
5.3
4.1
7.6
8.3
4.6
58.1
67.4
57.0
64.2
50.6
68.0
69.1
81.8
78.9
58.2
Paints and allied products............................
285
68.9
13.7
14.3
5.3
6.0
8,4
8.2
73.1
78.1
Industrial organic ch e m icals........................
Gum and wood chem icals.....................
Cyclic crudes and intermediates...........
Industrial organic chemicals, n.e.c...:....
286
2861
2865
2869
165.9
n.a.
36.8
n.a.
6.6
11.4
9.4
5.5
6.2
9.2
9.9
5.0
2.6
5.3
3.6
2.2
2.5
4.0
3.8
2.1
4.0
6.0
5.8
3.3
3.7
5.2
6.0
2.9
49.2
192.1
69.3
34.1
41.4
64.3
63.1
33.8
Agricultural chem icals..................................
Nitrogenous fertilizers...........................
Phosphate fertilizers..............................
Fertilizers, mixing only...........................
Agricultural chemicals, n .e .c.................
287
2873
2874
2875
2879
67.2
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
10.3
10.0
9.5
13.6
9.1
9.1
7.8
8.4
13.4
7.9
3.6
3.2
2.3
5.3
3.8
3.6
2.9
2.9
4.8
3.7
6.7
6.8
7.1
8.2
5.3
5.5
4^
5.5
8.6
4.2
5 JA
'54.7
59.1
72.9
48.3
56.7
43.1
62.0
79.5
49.4
Miscellaneous chemical products................
Adhesives and sealants........................
Explosives..............................................
Printing ink.............................................
Carbon b lack.........................................
Chemical preparations, n.e.c.................
289
2891
2892
2893
2895
2899
89.6
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
n.a.
12.8
16.6
5.8
13.4
9.9
14.0
11.6
14.2
5.7
13.4
7.3
12.4
4.8
5.9
2.3
4.6
3.3
5.6
5.1
5.9
2.4
5.3
4.3
5.6
7.9
10.7
3.5
8.8
6.6
8.4
6.5
8.3
3.3
8.1
3.0
6.8
79.9
103.2
45.3
64.3
86.9
87.3
73.4
81.8
53.1
71.4
86.5
75.8
Petroleum and coal products..............................
29
208.7
8.1
7.9
3.3
3.4
4.8
4.5
59.2
58.3
Petroleum refining........................................
291
164.9
5.8
6.0
2.6
2.7
3.2
3.3
45.4
46.0
Paving and roofing m aterials.......................
Paving mixtures and b lo c k s..................
Asphalt felts and coatings.....................
295
2951
2952
32.6
n.a.
n.a.
15.6
11.8
17.8
14.4
11.1
16.3
5.3
4.2
6.0
5.7
4.1
6.6
10.3
7.5
11.8
8.7
7.0
9.7
101.8
79.2
114.5
105.7
71.4
125.8
Miscellaneous petroleum and coal prod
ucts...........................................................
Lubricating oils and g re a se s.................
299
2992
n.a.
n.a.
17.8
15.7
16.6
13.8
7.2
6.3
7.1
5.9
10.6
9.3
9.5
7.9
132.6
102.0
92.1
79.0
See footnotes at end of table.
455
Table 176. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates by detailed industry, United States, 1977
and 1978 ^Continued
Incidence rates per 100 full-time workers 5
Industry 2
SIC
code 3
annual
average
employ
ment (in
thou
sands) 4
Total c ase s6
1977
1978
Lost workday
cases
1977
1978
Nonfatal cases
without lost
workdays
1977
1978
Lost workdays
1977
1978
Petroleum and coal products— Continued
Petroleum and coal products, n.e.c......
2999
n.a.
25.0
27.2
9.9
11.4
15.1
15.7
237.2
140.9
Rubber and miscellaneous plastics products......
30
751.9
16.8
17.1
7.6
8.1
9.1
9.0
118.1
125.5
Tires and inner tubes...................................
Rubber and plastics footwear......................
Reclaimed rubber.........................................
Rubber and plastics hose and belting.........
Fabricated rubber products, n.e.c................
Miscellaneous plastics products...................
301
302
303
304
306
307
127.4
24.0
n.a.
n.a.
114.6
461.6
15.5
10.8
20.5
13.0
17.4
17.6
15.4
12.9
30.5
13.9
17.0
18.1
10.8
4.3
10.3
7.1
8.0
6.7
11.4
6.6
17.4
6.9
8.2
7.2
4.7
6.5
10.1
5.9
9.4
10.9
3.9
6.3
13.1
7.0
8.8
10.9
181.1
81.1
240.3
122.0
128.7
95.7
207.1
84.7
373.3
118.1
125.3
104.2
Leather and leather products..............................
31
255.6
11.5
11.7
4.4
4.7
7.1
6.9
68.9
72.5
Leather tanning and finishing......................
Boot and shoe cut stock and findings.........
311
313
22.5
n.a.
24.1
14.4
23.8
16.0
11.3
5.0
11.8
6.0
12.8
9.4
11.9
10.0
166.8
74.8
203.1
96.2
Footwear, except rubber..............................
House slip p ers......................................
Men’s footwear, except athletic............
Women’s footwear, except athletic.......
Footwear, except rubber, n.e.c.............
314
3142
3143
3144
3149
157.8
n.a.
64.3
62.0
n.a.
10.3
10.1
10.2
10.0
11.5
10.4
9.0
10.9
9.5
11.4
3.8
3.4
4.0
3.7
3.3
4.1
4.0
4.5
3.6
4.4
6.5
6.6
6.2
6.3
8.2
6.2
5.0
6.4
5.9
7.0
63.3
53.1
61.9
70.0
52.5
62.6
65.0
61.9
62.5
64.3
Leather gloves and m ittens.........................
Luggage........................................................
315
316
n.a.
17.3
6.4
12.1
5.4
11.2
2.2
4.7
2.4
4.5
4.2
7.4
3.0
6.7
31.1
68.2
23.2
52.6
Handbags and personal leather g oo d s........
W omen’s handbags and purses...........
Personal leather goods, n.e.c...............
317
3171
3172
32.3
n.a.
n.a.
7.8
6.7
9.2
9.2
7.9
10.5
2.4
1.7
3.3
2.9
2.0
3.8
5.4
4.9
5.9
6.3
5.9
6.6
35.4
22.1
52.6
39.7
31.8
47.8
Transportation and public utilities.....................................
—
4,927.0
9.7
10.1
5.3
5.7
4.3
4.3
95.9
102.3
Railroad transportation 8.............................................
Local and interurban passenger transit.....................
40
41
536.2
257.6
10.8
8.4
12.0
8.7
6.6
4.6
7.6
4.7
4.2
3.7
4.3
4.0
89.4
92.1
99.6
84.9
Trucking and warehousing.........................................
Trucking, local and long distance.......................
Public warehousing.............................................
1,312.4
n.a.
90.4
T r u c k in g t e r m in a l f a c i l i t i e s ................................................
42
421
422
423
n .a .
15.0
14.9
16.5
—
16.2
16.3
15.5
17.9 ,
8.3
8.4
6.9
—
9.4
9.5
7.4
9.5
6.6
6.4
9.6
—
6.8
6.7
8.0
8.4
158.9
162.8
103.3
—
177.1
182.1
105.7
176.4
Water transportation...................................................
Water transportation se rv ice s.............................
44
446
211.7
n.a.
14.4
21.1
14.4
21.9
7.4
11.1
7.8
12.2
6.9
10.0
6.6
9.6
292.5
473.0
272.1
459.5
Transportation by a ir..................................................
Pipelines, except natural g a s .....................................
45
46
404.5
19.5
14.0
5.0
13.4
4.7
8.0
2.0
8.4
1.9
5.9
3.0
4.9
2.8
97.2
32.4
95.8
29.3
Transportation services..............................................
47
169.0
5.5
5.5
2.5
2.7
3.0
2.8
39.5
41.7
Miscellaneous transportation services................
478
n.a.
19.5
17.9
8.4
7.6
11.0
10.3
126.5
119.8
Com m unication..........................................................
48
1,238.7
2.8
2.7
1.6
1.5
1.2
1.2
30.2
28.7
Electric, gas, and sanitary services............................
Sanitary services.................................................
49
495
777.4
43.1
9.0
24.8
9.0
25.9
4.2
13.9
4.4
15.1
4.8
10.8
4.6
10.8
69.0
206.1
76.5
223.0
19,499.0
7.7
7.9
2.9
3.2
4.8
4.7
44.0
44.9
-
4,957.0
8.5
8.9
3.6
3.9
4.9
5.0
52.5
57.5
50
51
2,887.0
2,070.0
8.2
9.0
8.6
9.3
3.2
4.1
3.6
4.4
5.0
4.9
5.0
4.9
44.0
64.2
51.8
65.8
-
14,542.0
7.4
7.5
2.7
2.8
4.7
4.7
40.5
39.7
607.1
- 2,304.0
2,194.6
1,860.7
9.4
8.7
11.4
7.8
9.8
9.1
10.7
8.0
3.7
3.3
4.4
2.6
4.2
3.8
4.2
2.5
5.7
5.4
6.9
5.2
5.6
5.3
6.5
5.4
62.1
45.2
71.2
41.8
60.6
48.6
67.2
39.0
Wholesale and retail trade................................................
W holesale trade.........................................................
Wholesale trade— durable goods........................
W holesale trade— nondurable g ood s..................
Retail trade.................................................................
Building materials and garden su pp lies..............
General merchandise sto re s...............................
Food s to re s .........................................................
Automotive dealers and service stations............
52
53
54
55
See footnotes at end of table.
456
Table 176. Occupational injury and illness incidence rates by detailed industry, United States, 1977
and 19781 Continued
—
Incidence rates per 100 full-time workers 5
Industry 1
2
W holesale and retail trade— Continued
Apparel and accessory stores............................
Furniture and home furnishings s to re s ..............
Eating and drinking p la c e s .................................
Miscellaneous retail............................................
SIC
code3
Total c ase s6
1977
1978
Nonfatal cases
without lost
workdays
Lost workday
cases
1977
1977
1978
1978
Lost workdays
1977
1978
S ervices.............................................................................
2.0
5.0
7.3
3.6
2.3
5.1
7.5
3.8
0.7
2.1
2.4
1.3
0.9
2.4
2.5
1.6
1.3
2.9
4.9
2.3
1.4
2.6
4.9
2.1
13.6
42.3
30.0
22.3
14.8
38.6
28.7
23.8
2.0
2.1
.8
.8
1.2
1.2
10.4
12.5
1,421.9
515.4
189.8
1,176.9
403.7
890.0
1.5
1.1
1.1
1.7
.7
4.7
1.5
1.1
.8
1.9
.8
4.9
.6
.3
.5
.7
.2
2.0
.6
.4
.3
.7
.3
2.2
.9
.8
.6
1.0
.4
2.6
.9
.7
.5
1.2
.4
2.6
6.6
4.0
4.0
8.6
5.2
28.7
7.4
5.2
4.6
12.1
33.6
15,891.0
60
61
62
63
64
65
905.4
594.7
4,258.1
1,816.7
4,727.0
56
57
58
59
Finance, insurance, and real estate...................................
Banking.......................................................................
Credit agencies other than b a n ks..............................
Security, commodity brokers, and services................
Insurance carriers.......................................................
Insurance agents, brokers and service......................
Real estate.................................................................
annual
average
employ
ment (in
thou
sands) 4*
5.5
5.5
2.2
2.4
3.3
3.1
35.4
36.2
—
Hotels and other lodging places................................
Personal se rv ice s.......................................................
Business services.......................................................
Auto repair, services, and garages.............................
70
72
73
75
970.6
904.3
2,613.9
547.2
8.9
3.6
4.8
7.6
9.2
3.5
4.9
8.2
3.2
1.6
2.0
3.1
3.6
1.5
2.2
3.4
5.7
2.0
2.8
4.5
5.6
1.9
2.7
4.8
47.3
29.8
31.9
43.5
51.5
28.1
34.9
42.2
Miscellaneous repair services....................................
Miscellaneous repair sh o p s................................
76
769
258.9
n.a.
10.4
12.8
10.0
12.4
4.3
5.3
4.5
5.4
6.0
7.4
5.5
7.0
77.2
87.5
69.3
80.4
Motion pictures..........................................................
Amusement and recreation services..........................
Health se rv ice s..........................................................
Educational se rv ice s.................................................
Social services...........................................................
78
79
80
82
83
210.4
7,709.8
4,808.3
1,051.7
978.5
10.1
6.9
3.2
5.4
4.2
8.4
6.8
3.2
6.0
4.9
2.8
1.2
2.0
1.3
3.7
3.0
1.3
2.6
5.1
4.1
2.0
3.4
2.9
4.7
3.7
1.9
3.4
56.4
46.7
20.3
29.8
25.7
46.7
48.1
19.5
37.8
Museums, botanical, and zoological gardens...........
Miscellaneous services.............................................
84
89
n.a.
865.8
7.6
2.2
7.3
1.9
2.7
.9
2.7
.7
4.9
1.3
4.6
1.2
41.3
15.2
35.1
10.3
1 In order to maintain the comparability of the 1978 survey data with the
data published in previous years, a statistical method was developed for
generating the 1978 estimates to represent the small-nonfarm employers in
low-risk industries which were not surveyed. The estimating procedure in
volved averaging the data reported by small employers for the 1975, 1976,
and 1977 annual surveys.
2 Totals for divisions and 2- and 3-digit SIC codes include data for indus
tries not shown separately.
* Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 1972 Edition.
4 Annual average employment for nonagricultural industries is based on
the employment and earnings survey conducted by the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, in cooperation with the State agencies. The employment estimate
for the services division is adjusted to exclude the employment for (a) non
farm portion of agricultural services and (b) nonclassifiable establishments.
Annual average employment for the agriculture, forestry, and fishing division
is a composite of data from State unemployment insurance programs, and
estimates of hired-farm workers engaged in agricultural production provided
by the U.S. Department of Agriculture. The agricultural production employ
ment estimate as originally published by the Department of Agriculture is
adjusted to exclude employment on farms with fewer than 11 employees.
_
_
_
_
5 The incidence rates represent the number of injuries and illnesses or
lost workdays per 100 full-time workers and were calculated as: (N/EH) x
200,000, where N = number of injuries and illnesses or lost workdays. EH
= total hours worked by all employees during calendar year. 200,000 =
base for 100 full-time equivalent woNcers (working 40 hours per week, 50
weeks per year).
6 Includes fatalities. Because of rounding, the difference between the total
and the sum of the rates for lost workday cases and nonfatal cases without
lost workdays does not reflect the fatality rate.
7 Excludes farms with fewer than 11 employees.
• Data conforming to O SH A definitions for coal and lignite mining (SIC 11
and 12) and metal and nonmetal mining (SIC 10 and 14), and for railroad
transportation (SIC 40) were provided by the Mine Safety and Health Ad
ministration, U.S. Department of Labor, and by the Federal Railroad Admin
istration, U.S. Department of Transportation.
457
n.e.c. = not elsewhere classified.
n.a. = data not available.
Note: Dashes indicate data that do not meet publication guidelines.
Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor.
Technical Notes
Foreign Labor Statistics
(Covers tables 177-186)
This is particularly true for meaningful comparisons
of unemployment rates. The statistical incomparability
of national figures on unemployment is attributable to
two chief causes: (1) Differences in the systems for
collecting data, and (2) differences in concepts or
definitions. Table 178 provides the Bureau’s current
estimates of the labor force, employment, and unem
ployment adjusted to U.S. concepts. While adjust
ments have been made for all known major definition
al differences, it should be recognized that it is possi
ble to achieve only approximate statistical comparabil
ity among the countries. Nevertheless, the adjusted
figures provide a better basis for international com
parisons than the figures regularly published by each
country. It should also be recognized that inter
country differences in unemployment rates reflect
substantial differences in social and institutional ar
rangements, as well as in economic performance.
Table 179 provides indexes of manufacturing pro
ductivity (as measured by output per hour), hourly
compensation, and unit labor costs (labor compensa
tion per unit of output) for the United States and 11
other countries. The indexes are constructed from
three aggregate measures—manufacturing output,
total hours, and total compensation. For most coun
tries, the measures refer to total manufacturing as de
fined by the International Standard Industrial Classifi
cation, but for some countries coverage of one or all
measures is not exact. Unit labor cost indexes are
computed in U.S. dollar values as well as in national
currency units so that changes in unit labor costs can
be related to international commercial competition.
Table 180 provides statistics on average weekly
hours of production workers in manufacturing in se
lected countries. The statistics are those collected
through establishment surveys of employment, earn
ings, and hours by the statistical agencies of each
country. They are not adjusted for comparability.
For international comparisons, BLS makes esti
mates of total compensation per hour worked of pro
duction workers in manufacturing. These estimates
provide a better basis for comparisons of labor costs
than the earnings statistics from establishment surveys
which are regularly published by most countries.
From its inception, BLS has conducted a program
of research and statistical analysis to compare labor
conditions in the United States and selected foreign
countries. The principal comparative measures cover
the labor force, employment, and unemployment; pro
ductivity, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs;
average hourly earnings and estimated levels of total
hourly compensation; trends in prices and real earn
ings; and industrial disputes. All of the measures are
based upon statistical data and other source materials
from (a) the statistical agencies of the foreign coun
tries studied; (b) international and supranational
bodies such as the United Nations, the International
Labour Office (ILO), the Organization for Economic
Cooperation and Development (OECD), and the Eu
ropean Community (EC), which attempt to obtain
comparable country data; and (c) other secondary
sources. The Bureau does not initiate surveys or data
collection programs abroad.
International comparisons based on foreign labor
data are limited because statistical concepts and meth
ods in each country are fashioned primarily to meet
domestic rather than international needs. In some
cases, the data are sufficiently similar in definition and
concept for valid comparisons. In other cases, there
are substantial conceptual differences and the Bureau
adjusts the data to improve comparability or attempts
to describe the differences so users will not draw mis
leading conclusions. In adjusting the data for greater
comparability, the Bureau must depend on the avail
ability of relevant information, and in some instances
it is necessary to make estimates based on incomplete
data. Therefore it is possible to achieve only approxi
mate statistical comparability among countries.
Table 177 provides data on the population and
labor force for selected countries. The data, which
are from periodic censuses, household labor force sur
veys, or estimates based upon a variety of sources,
were taken from the statistical publications of the
United Nations, the ILO, and the OECD, supplement
ed by data from individual country publications.
The basic labor force and unemployment statistics
of most foreign countries require some adjustment to
bring them into closer comparability with U.S. data.
458
Average hourly earnings do not include all items of
labor compensation, nor do they include the same
items of compensation for every country. The Bureau
estimates total compensation per hour worked by ad
justing regularly published average hourly earnings
statistics for the items of compensation not included in
earnings. Adjustment factors are obtained primarily
from periodic labor cost surveys and interpolated or
projected to nonsurvey years on the basis of other
available information. Table 181 provides data on
average hourly earnings and estimated total compen
sation per hour worked in national currency and in
U.S. dollars in 10 countries.
Because compensation is partly estimated, small dif
ferences in compensation levels among countries
should not be considered significant. Hourly compen
sation is converted to U.S. dollars using the average
daily exchange rate for the reference period. Hourly
compensation in U.S. dollars indicates comparative
levels of employer labor costs per hour worked.
However, because compensation, includes more than
current labor income of workers and because prices
of goods and services vary greatly among countries, it
does not indicate relative living standards of workers.
Table 182 provides indexes of average hourly earn
ings of production workers in manufacturing in select
ed countries. The indexes are based on average earn
ings collected through the establishment surveys of
the statistical agencies of each country, unadjusted for
differences in earnings definitions, worker groups cov
ered, or survey limitations such as the omission of
small establishments. For some countries, the indexes
are based on earnings series different from those
shown in table 181.
Trends in earnings are often examined in relation to
consumer price trends to indicate changes in the pur
chasing pow er of earnings. Indexes of real hourly
earnings of production workers in manufacturing in
14 countries are presented in table 183. The indexes of
real hourly earnings are computed by adjusting the in
dexes of nominal earnings by indexes of consumer
prices. The real earnings data do not refer to changes
459
in take-home or spendable earnings, because they
have not been adjusted for changes in income tax and
social security contribution rates, and they do not re
flect changes in the average number of hours worked.
Table 184 provides consumer price index statistics
for selected countries. The indexes reflect the market
basket of goods and services purchased by the whole
population or by a particular population group in
each country. No adjustments for comparability are
made in the total indexes except to convert them to a
uniform base year (1967=100). Indexes are also pre
sented for selected component expenditure categories
for several countries. For some of the countries, ad
justments have been made to the published indexes—
by combining or removing items—in order to obtain
more consistent categories.
In addition to consumer price indexes, most coun
tries calculate indexes designed to measure changes in
the level of commodity prices at a stage of distribu
tion other than retail. These indexes are usually re
ferred to as either wholesale or producer price index
es, but the distinction between these two terms does
not follow any set rules common to all countries. In
addition, there are major differences in the methods
of index compilation among countries. Table 185 pro
vides indexes of wholesale and producer prices for
seven industrial countries listed by their official titles
and unadjusted for comparability.
Table 186 provides statistics on the number of work
stoppages and their severity rates, as measured by
days lost per thousand employees in nonagricultural
industries, for 12 industrial countries. The data relate
to work stoppages in all sectors of the economy,
except for France, which excludes work stoppages in
agriculture and public administration, and Italy,
where work stoppages in agriculture have been ex
cluded. The data are from the ILO Year Book of
Labour Statistics and national statistical publications
and are not adjusted for comparability. “Work stop
pages” usually refer to strikes and lockouts, although
the exact definition differs from country to country.
Differences in definitions are summarized in footnotes
to the table.
Table 177. Population and labor force, selected countries and selected years, 1947-79
Percent of labor force
engaged in 2—
Labor force
Region and country
Year
Population 1
(thousands)
Total
(thousands)
Percent wage
Manufactur
and salary
Agriculture 3
ing
workers 2
Source of
labor
force
data 4
AFRICA
G hana........................................................................................
M o rocco .....................................................................................
South Africa...............................................................................
U.A.R. (Egypt)............................................................................
1960
1970
1960
1971
1951
1960
1970
1960
1966
1975
1977
6,777
8,630
5 11,626
15,830
12,708
15,925
21,830
25,832
30,140
37,230
38,740
1947
1960
1970
1950
1960
1970
1973
1976
1950
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1952
1960
1970
1951
1964
1970
1973
1960
1970
1964
1973
1976
1960
1975
1976
1977
1978
1950
1960
1970
1975
1977
1979
1961
1970
1972
1950
1960
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1950
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
15,932
20,850
23,210
5 51,944
69,730
93,320
101,430
109,180
13,712
17,870
19,644
21,320
22,730
23,020
23,280
23,500
23,690
6,295
7,683
9,720
11,589
17,462
21,120
22,270
3,036
4,060
4,305
5,540
6,260
1,629
2,030
2,060
2,100
2,130
25,826
36,046
50,690
60,150
64,590
69,380
10,320
13,590
14,270
2,211
2,362
2,720
3,090
3,210
3,330
3,320
3,410
152,271
180,671
194,303
204,878
213,559
215,152
216,880
218,717
220,584
2,725
3,332
3,254
3,981
4,593
5,721
7,986
7,782
8,334
9,264
9,494
19.9
22.5
34.7
37.2
58.0
—
8.6
—
49.3
53.9
49.1
52.0
56.3
50.6
32.8
29.5
28.0
56.6
53.4
47.8
44.4
8.2
9.7
10.9
11.3
12.8
9.0
12.9
14.0
14.3
70.1
69.9
70.8
50.6
48.0
54.8
25.2
17.8
14.8
60.6
54.1
44.3
22.1
25.1
19.7
13.0
12.4
11.0
—
—
—
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
A
B
B
AM ERICA
Argentina....................................................................................
Brazil..........................................................................................
Canada......................................................................................
Chile...........................................................................................
Colom bia................................................. ..................................
Dominican Republic...................................................................
G uatem ala.................................................................................
Jam aica......................................................................................
M exico........................................................................................
P e ru ...........................................................................................
Puerto R ic o ................................................................................
United States.............................................................................
footnotes at end of table.
See
460
6,446
7,424
9,011
17,117
22,651
29,557.
37,750
39,720
5,163
6,411
7,141
8,395
9,974
10,206
10,498
10,882
11,207
2,155
2,389
2,607
3,756
5,134
6,226
5,975
821
1,241
1,317
1,546
1,749
655
869
896
910
939
8,345
11,332
12,955
16,597
18,043
19,651
3,125
4,269
3,872
597
594
684
870
898
916
968
991
63,859
72,143
77,175
85,903
94,793
96,917
99,534
102,537
104,996
—
61.6
68.2
75.5
80.7
83.4
84.0
83.7
82.7
82.1
83.0
71.4
72.8
70.1
52.5
57.3
—
49.8
44.1
38.2
45.9
48.0
48.3
54.6
44.6
—
—
—
45.9
64.1
62.2
62.3
62.3
—
48.1
36.4
47.1
80.8
80.2
—
84.6
84.8
83.7
84.2
85.0
76.2
80.0
83.1
85.9
83.2
84.1
84.7
85.6
85.8
—
36.2
19.7
12.4
9.7
7.2
5.7
5.5
5.7
5.3
5.2
29.6
27.7
21.2
53.9
47.2
38.6
25.9
44.3
65.4
57.0
36.1
58.2
29.0
29.5
29.5
28.6
29.1
57.8
54.2
39.5
40.9
40.3
40.1
49.7
45.1
40.9
36.8
23.0
_
_
7.8
7.7
6.7
5.8
5.7
11.2
7.6
5.7
4.0
3.8
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.3
—
—
25.5
28.2
22.9
21.1
18.8
19.0
18.0
18.0
18.5
18.7
18.0
15.9
12.3
12.3
15.4
11.4
8.2
8.1
11.4
13.7
13.5
13.7
• 10.4
10.8
TTT9
10.5
11.6
13.7
16.7
17.8
18.2
18.2
13.2
14.5
12.5
17.2
17.2
_
18.8
18.5
20.0
20.9
19.2
23.9
23.3
23.4
22.5
19.4
19.6
19.8
20.0
20.0
A
A 6
A
A 7
A 7
A
B
B
B 8
B 8
B 8
B 8
B 8
B 8
B 8
B 8
B 8
A
A
A
A®
B
B
A
A
A
A
A
C
B
B 10
B 10
B 10
B 10
A 11
A
A 12
C
C
C
A
13
B is
A 13
A
A
A 14
B
B
B
B
B
B
15
B i®
B
15
B 15
B 18
B
B
B
B
15
18
18
i®
Table 177. Population and labor force, selected countries and selected years, 1947-79— Continued
Percent of labor force
engaged in 2—
Labor force
Region and country
Venezuela..................................................................................
Year
Population 1
(thousands)
Total
(thousands)
1950
1961
1971
1975
1977
4,976
10,780
10,620
11,990
12,740
1,706
3,258
3,258
3,712
4,056
1956
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1951
1961
1971
1961
1965
1971
1956
1961
1966
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1951
1961
1965
1976
1948
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1954
1960
1970
1976
9,240
12,443
14,512
16,040
16,343
16,611
16,976
8 356,628
8 439,235
551,830
95,655
104,880
122,610
1,813
2,185
2,630
2,910
3,370
3,460
3,610
3,690
89,000
93,210
97,952
104,340
110,570
112,770
113,860
114,900
8 21,526
24,695
28,327
31,300
34,660
35,860
35,860
36,440
76,602
94,647
102,876
72,370
19,144
27,410
32,345
36,850
42,520
43,750
19,925
26,392
36,210
42,960
2,993
3,760
4,654
5,656
5,748
5,997
6,333
101,775
188,676
180,373
34,578
36,543
41,261
620
752
948
1,001
1,138
1,170
1,207
1,258
41,940
45,110
47,870
51,530
53,230
53,780
54,520
55,320
8,073
7,543
8,859
10,378
12,340
13,061
13,440
13,932
22,393
30,206
39,591
21,035
7,416
8,536
11,491
12,297
15,161
16,244
10,249
13,837
16,850
13,945
1951
1961
1965
1970
1975
1977
1978
1950
1960
1965
1975
1976
1977
1978
8 6,934
7,087
7,255
7,391
7,520
7,520
7,510
8,639
9,153
9,464
9,800
9,890
9,830
9,840
3,347
3,370
3,357
3,031
2,969
3,015
3,055
3,545
3,675
3,787
4,003
4,032
4,056
4,079
Percent wage
and salary
workers 2
54.0
—
—
62.3
65.1
Agriculture 3
Manufactur
ing
Source of
labor
force
data 4
41.3
20.3
20.3
18.6
17.0
10.1
18.6
18.6
15.4
16.2
A 16
A 18
B
B
B
50.1
45.4
36.1
29.2
28.7
27.1
24.5
70.6
72.9
72.1
68.0
67.2
64.2
16.1
12.8
11.5
8.6
6.3
6.2
6.0
5.9
34.3
27.6
21.6
16.3
11.6
11.2
11.6
10.6
—
61.9
54.3
49.6
44.0
42.8
40.2
37.2
76.5
75.0
67.6
53.9
65.7
60.5
52.7
51.5
52.0
50.9
88.0
82.0
78.2
61.9
10.9
16.5
20.0
26.5
28.0
28.6
30.0
9.0
9.5
9.5
5.4
5.6
6.5
19.0
21.9
24.0
23.8
24.0
23.9
23.4
22.7
17.9
21.0
24.0
26.7
25.3
25.0
24.6
24.0
—
6.5
8.7
13.9
17.9
20.5
20.8
21.6
6.3
8.1
9.6
13.4
6.1
9.8
10.8
11.4
11.3
10.8
2.1
3.4
4.1
10.9
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
A
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
A
A
B
A
B
B
B
B
A
A
B
B
A
A
B
A
B
B
C
A
A
B
32.3
22.8
20.3
19.0
12.5
11.7
10.8
10.4
8.1
6.1
3.4
3.2
3.0
2.9
28.3
30.1
31.8
29.2
30.4
30.0
29.9
31.8
32.4
32.7
28.3
26.8
25.6
24.5
A 28
A
C
B
B
B
B
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
ASIA
China (Taiwan)..........................................................................
Indonesia...................................................................................
Jap an.........................................................................................
Korea, Republic o f.....................................................................
P akistan.....................................................................................
Philippines..................................................................................
Thailand....................................................................................
33.1
41.4
50.0
55.9
57.5
58.4
61.2
—
12.8
17.0
—
27.1
33.0
59.2
64.3
66.8
70.8
73.9
73.1
73.3
74.1
41.5
51.9
59.9
64.2
68.4
68.9
69.1
68.7
12.1
21.3
29.7
38.0
38.9
39.8
42.9
45.2
15.9
20.2
34.8
22.1
40.3
27.2
32.0
39.9
38.5
39.5
6.7
11.8
15.4
24.3
17
17
17
17
17
17
17
18
19
19
A
B
A
B 20
A 20
B 20
B 20
Q 20
0 20
0 20
0 20
22
14
17
17
17
17
17
*7
17
23
23
23
24
17
17
17
17
17
28
EU RO PE
A ustria.................................................................................... .
Belgium .....................................................................................
See footnotes at end of table.
461
61.9
70.8
—
71.6
80.6
81.1
82.1
68.5
72.3
77.1
79.1
78.1
77.6
75.7
2
2
2
2
Table 177. Population and labor force, selected countries and selected years, 1947-79— Continued
Labor force
Region and country
Year
Denmark....................................................................................
France.......................................................................................
Germany, Democratic R epublic................................................
Germany, Federal Republic.......................................................
Germany, Federal Republic and W est Berlin............................
G re e c e ....................................................................... ..............
Hungary.....................................................................................
Italy............................................................................................
N etherlands...............................................................................
Norw ay......................................................................................
P olan d .......................................................................................
Portugal......................................................................................
S p a in .........................................................................................
12,389
12,780
14,330
Total
(thousands)
Percent wage
Manufactur
and salary
Agriculture 3
ing
workers 2
28.3
33.2
35.3
26.1
25.7
28.5
28.2
25.9
23.1
56.4
38.0
24.9
16.4
25.1
22.9
17.5
15.0
10.6
9.3
8.8
8.5
8.3
25.5
21.2
17.0
13.2
9.5
9.1
8.7
8.4
11.7
22.9
14.2
13.7
10.6
8.4
6.9
6.7
6.4
6.2
48.2
53.9
40.5
38.4
24.5
22.7
22.3
43.9
31.3
1 9 ,7 1 7
6 1 .7
2 4 .9
2 7 .5
19,302
19,650
19,858
21,607
21,731
22,075
3,866
4,232
4,538
4,752
4,862
4,870
4,876
1,388
1,406
1,448
1,509
1,734
1,821
1,851
1,888
12,404
13,907
16,944
17,507
3,289
3,424
3,299
4,226
10,793
66.5
71.4
71.5
66.5
66.1
65.9
68.4
74.8
78.4
80.4
79.2
79.2
79.8
71.1
78.0
76.4
79.7
82.4
83.7
84.6
84.4
45.6
51.9
64.9
69.0
69.8
71.9
69.7
18.8
15.1
14.8
14.6
14.2
13.6
19.3
11.0
8.6
6.9
6.1
6.1
5.9
25.9
19.5
17.4
13.8
9.9
9.2
8.9
8.5
57.2
47.7
38.6
34.6
48.4
42.3
29.2
27.8
48.8
30.3
31.2
31.0
35.5
25.0
4,581
4,760
4,929
5,060
5,070
5,090
5,100
42,951
45,685
48,758
50,770
52,790
52,890
53,080
53,280
17,060
47,847
53,224
55,433
59,040
30 60,650
61,830
61,510
61,400
61,310
7,646
8,398
8,850
9,984
10,340
10,540
10,600
46,996
49,642
5,812
6,483
6,983
2,063
2,136
2,094
2,252
2,313
2,486
2,531
2,579
2,625
19,613
19,792
20,381
21,431
22,184
22,375
22,615
22,689
8,214
21,960
25,460
26,518
27,034
26,817
26,397
26,148
26,074
26,202
2,840
3,639
3,284
4,876
4,989
5,086
5,093
19,693
20,972
62.9
80.7
87.3
75.6
73.8
77.8
77.7
80.2
82.6
83.1
83.6
84.1
64.7
69.9
71.1
74.1
76.2
76.3
76.2
76.2
—
63.6
76.3
75.6
78.8
81.1
79.0
79.4
79.8
80.4
36.8
33.5
41.8
63.7
77.8
78.8
79.4
1965
Czechoslovakia.........................................................................
1950
1961
1970
1950
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1954
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1971
1950
1960
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1951
1961
1971
1960
1970
1975
1976
1951
1960
Population 1
(thousands)
Percent of labor force
engaged 2 in—
5 1 ,9 4 0
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1947
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1950
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1950
1960
1970
1974
1950
1960
1970
1978
1950
53,570
55,810
56,190
55,573
56,700
56,890
9,629
11,480
12,292
13,030
13,650
13,770
13,850
3,279
3,581
3,723
3,880
4,010
4,030
4,040
4,060
24,824
29,703
32,530
33,690
8,405
8,826
29 8,630
9,800
27,868
—
—
See footnotes at end of table.
462
—
—
65.7
—
22.2
21.8
22.2
26.5
26.5
26.5
26.1
25.6
25.2
—
37.6
29.3
36.6
37.2
37.4
38.4
33.7
33.0
33.6
34.6
15.9
13.4
16.4
24.3
32.6
35.7
35.2
22.6
25.3
—
23.9
27.4
28.2
25.3
22.3
21.4
20.8
25.8
25.5
25.7
26.5
24.9
24.4
23.4
22.5
18.8
23.3
24.9
30.2
18.8
20.3
24.0
24.6
17.6
Source of
labor
force
data 4
A
A
A 27
A
A 21
A
A 28
B 28
B 28
B 28
B 28
28
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
A 29
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
A
A
A
A
A,
C 31
C 31
C 32
B
B
B
B
B
B
B 33
B 33
B 33
A
C
C
C
C
C
C
A
A
C
A
B 34
B 34
B 34
B 34
A 35
A 38
A
35
A 35
A
A
A 38
B
A
Table 177. Population and labor force, selected countries and selected years, 1947-79— Continued
Percent of labor force
engaged in 2i—
Labor force
Region and country
Spain— Continued
Sw ed e n......................................................................................
Sw itzerland................................................................................
T urkey........................................................................................
U.S.S.R.......................................................................................
United Kin gdom .........................................................................
Y ug o slavia.................................................................................
Year
Population 1
(thousands)
Total
(thousands)
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1950
1960
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1950
1960
1970
1974
1955
1960
1965
1970
1975
1959
1970
1951
1961
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1953
1961
1971
30,303
32,060
33,780
35,470
35,970
36,350
36,780
7,014
7,480
7,734
8,040
8,200
8,220
8,255
8,280
8,296
4,694
5,362
6,190
6,440
5 24,065
* 27,755
31,150
35,605
39,180
210,484
242,760
50,562
52,816
54,218
55,421
55,960
55,930
55,850
55,820
17,048
18,607
20,570
11,817
12,177
12,732
13,388
13,281
13,719
13,311
3,105
3,244
3,742
3,913
4,129
4,155
4,174
4,209
4,268
2,156
2,675
2,996
2,943
12,205
12,993
13,614
15,119
16,349
108,995
117,028
22,610
25,346
25,504
25,293
25,795
26,093
26,327
26,374
26,414
7,849
8,340
8,890
1954
1961
1965
1970
1975
1976
1977
1978
1951
1961
1971
1975
1976
8 8,987
8 10,508
11,390
12,510
13,770
13,920
14,070
14,250
8 1,939
2,420
2,850
3,070
3,140
3,702
4,225
4,745
5,596
6,238
6,313
6,428
6,454
740
895
1,119
1,199
1,276
—
Percent wage
Manufactur
and salary
Agriculture 3
ing
workers 2
59.3
59.5
62.6
—
63.6
64.7
76.8
83.3
84.8
87.7
90.0
90.3
90.3
89.9
90.0
74.5
85.6
85.0
—
13.3
18.8
22.5
27.6
27.7
60.4
82.8
87.8
90.0
90.5
88.8
88.0
86.4
86.1
86.2
86.6
31.6
42.3
49.5
41.1
32.6
28.8
22.3
20.8
18.7
18.3
20.3
13.8
11.1
8.0
6.3
6.1
5.9
6.0
5.7
16.5
13.2
7.7
7.6
77.4
75.0
71.8
67.6
64.2
35.2
26.3
5.1
3.8
3.7
3.1
2.6
2.5
2.5
2.5
2.4
66.8
56.9
44.6
22.1
25.2
26.5
25.8
25.7
—
21.9
31.5
34.2
32.1
28.3
27.6
26.5
25.4
24.3
24.0
38.2
38.3
37.7
—
6.0
6.8
7.1
8.5
7.6
33.6
45.1
37.4
35.9
34.0
33.4
29.4
28.3
28.4
—
—
10.7
11.9
17.7
Source of
labor
force
d a ta 45
8
7
6
A
C
C
B
B
B
B
A
A
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
B
A
A
C
A
A
A
A
A
A
38
37
37
38
39
A
39
A
A
C
C
C
C
C
C
C
A
A
40
40
41
41
A
21
4
OCEAN IA
Australia.....................................................................................
New Z ealan d .............................................................................
1 Midyear estimates.
2 Either experienced labor force or employed persons as percent of the
total labor force. Data taken from population censuses usually relate to the
experienced labor force; data taken from other sources, to employed per
sons.
3 Includes forestry, hunting, and fishing unless otherwise noted.
4 Code:
A — population census
B — labor force sample survey
C — official estimate
5 Population census.
6 Labor force excludes 99,445 persons 14 years of age.
7 Indian jungle population (estimated at 150,000 persons in 1956) ex
cluded. Agriculture includes mining and quarrying. Manufacturing includes
construction in 1950 and 1960 and public utilities in 1950. Construction ac
counted for 3.5 percent of the labor force in 1960.
8 Labor force excludes the Armed Forces (92,000 persons in 1970) and
populations of the Yukon and Northwest Territories.
79.9
79.3
81.6
80.7
77.8
76.7
75.3
74.9
78.0
83.9
85.7
—
83.1
13.4
10.9
9.7
7.7
6.5
6.2
6.2
5.9
18.4
14.4
11.5
12.0
10.1
28.0
27.0
29.5
—
—
—
—
—
24.0
25.0
25.1
23.5
24.2
A 43
A 43
B 44
B
B
B
B
B
A 48
A 48
A 48
C 48
A 48
9 Indian jungle population (128,000 persons) and the population of cer
tain areas where the census was not carried out (191,500 persons) ex
cluded.
10 Agriculture includes mining and quarrying.
“ Percentages exclude 73,000 persons unemployed for 13 weeks or
more.
12 Labdr force refers to persons who worked during 1969, regardless of
the duration of work.
13 Indian jungle population (estimated at 100,800 persons in 1961) ex
cluded. Also, the population census data (1961 and 1972) dp not include
any adjustments for underenumeration (estimated at 412,800 persons in
1961).
14 Labor force excludes the unemployed.
15 Alaska and Hawaii excluded in 1950. Agriculture excludes forestry and
fishing. Manufacturing data are from an establishment survey and include
wage and salary workers only.
16 Indian jungle population (56,700 persons in 1950 and 31,800 persons
in 1961) excluded.
Footnotes to table 177—Continued
17 Armed forces excluded.
18 Kashmir-Jammu, the Jullundur area, and the tribal areas of Assam ex
cluded. Labor force figures exclude family workers (37,937,200 persons).
19 Parts of the North East Frontier Agency and Sikkim excluded. Labor
force figures exclude unemployed persons.
20 Armed forces excluded in 1956. Bedouins in Negev also excluded.
From 1970 onward, data include territories under occupation by Israeli mili
tary forces since June 1967.
21 Manufacturing includes mining and quarrying.
22 Beginning with 1973, data for Japan includes Okinawa (population of
990,000 persons and labor force of 370,000 persons in 1973).
23 Armed forces and persons living in certain frontier regions excluded.
Data incude Bangladesh.
24 Persons living in Bangladesh, formerly a part of Pakistan, and certain
frontier regions excluded.
25 Unpaid family workers who worked less than 20 hours during the
survey week excluded.
26 Agriculture excludes hunting and fishing in 1951.
27 Unpaid family workers excluded.
28 Labor force excludes persons aged 75 years and over beginning 1965.
29 East Berlin included.
30 Data not comparable with those for previous years.
31 Labor force excludes persons seeking work for the first time. Manufac
turing includes mining, quarrying, electricity, gas, and water.
32 Military conscripts and unemployed excluded; permanent residents of
institutions (300,000 persons) included. Percent engaged in manufacturing
is not entirely comparable with 1960 and later data.
33 New survey; data not comparable with those for previous years. On
the old survey basis, the labor force would have been about 20,055,000.
Manufacturing includes mining, quarrying, construction, electricity, gas, and
water.
34 Labor force excludes persons on compulsory military service and per
sons age 75 and over. Manufacturing includes mining, quarrying, electricity,
gas, and water.
35 Agriculture excludes sea fishing; manufacturing includes mining and
quarrying, electricity and gas production, and sea fishing.
36 Labor force relates to persons who worked at least 15 hours during
the week preceding the date of the census and include the Azores and Ma
deira Islands.
37 Labor force excludes military conscripts in 1950 and 1960. Beginning
in 1965, labor force data refer to persons age 16-74 years.
38 Wage and salary workers include unpaid family workers.
39 Manufacturing includes construction, transportation, and communica
tions.
40 Northern Ireland excluded. Wage and salary workers exclude the
armed forces and unemployed.
41 Residents of institutions included. For 1961, agriculture excludes hunt
ing and fishing.
42 Labor force excludes unemployed who at the date of the census de
clared themselves as being dependents.
43 Full-blooded aborigines excluded.
44 Manufacturing includes mining, electricity, gas, and water.
45 Includes Maoris and excludes armed forces overseas.
N o t e : Insofar as possible, the population estimates include national
armed forces and diplomatic personnel and their dependents stationed out
side the territory, and exclude alien armed forces, enemy prisoners of war,
and alien diplomatic personnel and their dependents stationed inside the
country. The labor force data refer to the total of employed persons (includ
ing self-employed persons, wage and salary workers, and unpaid family
workers) and unemployed persons, to the extent data are available. Howev
er, the figures are often not comparable because of differences between
countries in the definitions used and methods of collection, e.g., differences
in the minimum age for inclusion in the labor force; the extent to which
family workers are included; the extent to which unemployed persons are
included (particularly inexperienced new entrants into the labor force, who
are frequently excluded from census data); and whether the count of per
sons in the labor force is based on usual employment status or actual
status as of a particular day or other brief time period. The count of workers
in agriculture is especially affected by the extent to which family workers
are included and whether the count is based on usual or actual status. For
similar reasons, the data for individual countries may not be comparable
from one period to another, especially when the data are based on different
sources, such as a census and a labor force survey.
S
o u r c e
— D e m o g ra p h ic
Y e a rb o o k
and
M o n th ly
B u lle tin
of
S ta tis tic s
(New York, Statistical Office of the United Nations), various issues; Y e a r
B o o k o f L a b o u r S ta tis tic s (Geneva, International Labour Office), various
issues; Organization of Economic Cooperation and Development; and var
ious individual country publications.
464
Table 178. Labor force and unemployment in selected industrial countries, 1960-79
Adjusted to U.S. concepts
Category and year
United Aus Can
States 1 tralia 1 ada 1
GerFrance ^many,
F.R.
Great
Britain
Italy
A s published
Japan
Sw e
den
France
G er
many,
F.R.»
Great
Britain
Italy
Japan
Sw e
den
Civilian labor f o r c e 2
(in thousands)
1960.....................................
1961.....................................
1962.....................................
1963.....................................
1964................................... ..
69,628
(3)
70,459
(3)
70,614
(3)
71,833
(3)
73,091 4,559
6,382
6,491
6,584
6,715
6,898
19,080
19,050
19,160
19,340
19,680
25,990
26,160
26,210
26,290
26,270
23,470
23,720
24,070
24,290
24,420
21,520
21,450
21,290
20,830
20,760
44,120
44,610
45,040
45,430
46,040
(3)
3,598
3,682
3,753
3,711
18,951
18,919
19,050
19,399
19,638
26,518
26,772
26,844
26,930
26,922
23,523
23,799
24,063
24,219
24,408
20,972
20,882
20,629
20,137
20,026
45,110
45,620
46,140
46,520
47,100
(3)
3,592
3,676
3,749
3,710
1965.....................................
1966.....................................
1967.....................................
1968..................................
1969...................................
74,455
75,770
77,347
78,737
80,734
4,689
4,963
5,092
5,206
5,355
7,105
7,493
7,747
7,951
8,194
19,750
20,000
20,100
20,380
20,660
26,380
26,290
25,730
25,780
26,030
24,560
24,650
24,600
24,460
24,400
20,430
20,090
20,220
20,130
19,920
46,780
47,850
48,810
49,680
50,140
3,739
3,794
3,771
3,822
3,836
19,813
19,964
20,118
20,176
20,434
27,019
26,962
26,409
26,291
26,535
24,577
24,663
24,540
24,462
24,464
19,717
19,396
19,525
19,484
19,266
47,870
48,910
49,830
50,610
50,980
3,738
3,792
3,774
3,822
3,840
1970.....................................
1971.....................................
1972.....................................
1973.....................................
1974.....................................
82,715
84,113
86,542
88,714
91,011
5,525
5,621
5,752
5,901
6,053
8,395
8,639
8,897
9,276
9,639
20,830
21,000
21,140
21,380
21,590
26,290
26,380
26,280
26,360
26,080
24,270
23,980
24,230
24,450
24,490
19,950
19,870
19,610
19,750
20,060
50,730
51,120
51,320
52,590
52,440
3,909
3,955
3,963
3,971
4,037
20,854
21,007
21,147
21,391
21,573
26,817
26,910
26,901
26,985
26,797
24,388
24,154
24,405
24,676
24,754
19,302
19,254
19,028
19,169
19,458
51,530
51,860
51,990
53,260
53,100
3,913
3,961
3,969
3,977
4,043
9,974 21,620 25,710 24,610
10,206 21,780 25,440 25,050
10,498 22,030 25,420 *25,300
10,882 22,290 *25,590 *25,370
11,207 *22,420 *25,740 *25,370
20,270
20,490
20,500
20,640
21,010
52,530
53,100
53,820
54,600
55,210
4,123
4,149
4,168
4,203
4,262
21,595
21,783
22,027
22,083
22,458
26,397 24,946 19,650
26,148 25,198 19,858
26,074 25,398 21,608
26,223 *25,454 21,731
26,424 *25,400 22,075
53,230
53,780
54,520
55,320
55,960
4,129
4,155
4,174
4,209
4,268
1975..................................... 92,613 6,169
1976..................................... 94,773 6,244
1977..................................... 97,401 6,358
1978..................................... 100,420 6,399
1979..................................... 102,908 6,480
U n em p lo yed 5
(in thousands)
1960.....................................
1961......................... ............
1962.....................................
1963.....................................
1964.....................................
3,852
4,714
3,911
4,070
3,786
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
63
445
465
390
372
324
350
300
280
260
290
280
160
150
120
100
520
470
680
830
610
810
690
590
490
550
750
660
590
590
540
(3)
52
54
63
58
239
203
230
273
216
271
181
154
186
169
346
312
432
521
372
836
710
611
504
549
750
660
590
590
540
(3)
50
54
63
58
1965.....................................
1966.....................................
1967.....................................
1968.....................................
1969.....................................
3,366
2,875
2,975
2,817
2,832
61
84
92
91
94
279
251
296
358
362
310
380
400
530
490
70
70
340
370
240
530
560
830
800
740
710
760
680
680
660
570
650
630
590
570
44
59
79
85
72
269
280
365
427
340
147
161
459
323
179
317
331
521
546
540
714
759
679
684
655
570
650
630
590
570
44
59
79
85
72
1970.....................................
1971.....................................
1972.....................................
1973.....................................
1974.....................................
4,088
4,993
4,840
4,304
5,076
88
103
150
136
162
476
535
553
515
514
540
590
610
590
650
200
220
220
220
450
750
880
1,000
720
710
610
610
700
670
560
590
640
730
680
730
59
101
107
98
80
510
569
595
576
615
149
185
246
273
582
577
752
835
588
585
609
609
697
668
560
590
640
730
680
730
59
101
107
98
80
1975.....................................
1976.....................................
1977.....................................
1978.....................................
1979.....................................
7,830
7,288
6,855
6,047
5,963
302
298
358
402
405
690
727
850
911
838
940
1,020
1,110
1,210
4 1,390
930
930
960
*940
*850
1,000
1,390
*1,560
*1,540
*1,470
650
730
700
760
910
1,000
1,080
1,100
1,240
1,170
67
66
75
94
88
902
993
1,105
1,169
1,351
1,074
1,060
1,030
993
876
936
1,305
1,422
1,410
1,326
654
732
1,571
1,698
1,000
1*086
1,100
1,240
1,170
67
66
75
94
88
1960.....................................
1961.....................................
1962.....................................
1963.....................................
1964.....................................
5.5
6.7
5.5
5.7
5.2
7 1.6
7 3.0
7 2.4
7 2.3
1.4
7.0
7.1
5.9
5.5
4.7
1.8
1.6
1.5
1.3
1.5
1.1
.6
.6
.5
.4
2.2
2.0
2.8
3.4
2.5
3.8
3.2
2.8
2.4
2.6
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.3
1.2
(4)
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.5
1.3
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.1
1.3
.8
.7
.8
.8
1.5
1.4
1.9
2.3
1.6
4.0
3.4
3.0
2.5
2.7
1.7
1.4
1.3
1.3
1.1
(4)
1.4
1.5
1.7
1.6
1965.....................................
1966.....................................
1967.....................................
1968.....................................
1969.....................................
4.5
3.8
3.8
3.6
3.5
1.3
1.7
1.8
1.7
1.8
3.9
3.4
3.8
4.5
4.4
1.6
1.9
2.0
2.6
2.4
.3
.3
1.3
1.4
.9
2.2
2.3
3.4
3.3
3.0
3.5
3.8
3.4
3.4
3.3
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.6
2.1
2.2
1.9
1.4
1.4
1.8
2.1
1.7
.7
.7
2.1
1.5
.9
1.4
1.4
2.2
2.4
2.4
3.6
3.9
3.5
3.5
3.4
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.2
1.6
2.1
2.2
1.9
1970.....................................
1971.....................................
1972.....................................
1973.....................................
1 97 4 .....................................
4.9
5.9
5.6
4.9
5.6
1.6
1.8
2.6
2.3
2.7
5.7
6.2
6.2
5.5
5.3
2.6
2.8
2.9
2.8
3.0
.8
.8
.8
.8
1.7
3.1
3.7
4.1
2.9
2.9
3.1
3.1
3.6
3.4
2.8
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.5
2.6
2.7
2.5
2.0
2.4
2.7
2.8
2.7
2.8
.7
.8
1.1
1.2
2.6
2.5
3.4
3.7
2.6
2.6
3.2
3.2
3.7
3.5
2.9
1.1
1.2
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.5
2.5
2.7
2.5
T& S
Unemployment ra t e 6
See footnotes at end of table.
465
2.0
Table 178. Labor force and unemployment in selected industrial countries, 1960-79— Continued
Adjusted taU.S. concepts
Category and year
United Aus Can
States 1 tralia 1 ada 1 France
Ger
many,
F.R.
Great
Britain
Italy
As published
Japan
Swe
den France
Ger
many,
F.R.
Great
Britain
Italy
Japan
Swe
den
Unemployment rate—
Continued
1975.......................................
1976.......................................
1977.......................................
1978.......................................
1979.......................................
8.5
7.7
7.0
6.0
5.8
4.9
4.8
5.6
6.3
6.2
6.9
7.1
8.1
8.4
7.5
4.3
4.7
5.0
5.4
4 6.2
3.6
3.6
3.8
4 3.7
4 3.3
4.1
5.5
4 6.2
4 6.1
4 5.8
1 Published and adjusted data for the United States and Australia are
identical. Canadian data are adjusted only to exclude 14-year-olds.
2 Published figures for Italy, Japan, Sweden, and Germany include military
personnel.
3 Not available.
4 Preliminary estimates based on incomplete data.
5 Published figures for the United States, Australia, Canada, Italy, Japan,
and Sweden refer to unemployment as recorded by sample labor force sur
veys; for France, to annual estimates of unemployment; and for Great Brit
ain and Germany, to the registered unemployed.
6 Adjusted figures: As a percentage of the civilian labor force. Published
figures; for France, unemployment as a percentage of the civilian labor
force; for Italy, Japan, and Sweden, unemployment as percentage of the ci
vilian labor force plus career military personnel; for Great Britain and Ger
many, registered unemployed (excluding adult students in Great Britain) as
3.2
3.6
3.4
3.7
4.3
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.3
2.1
1.6
1.6
1.8
2.2
2.1
4.2
4.6
4.9
5.3
6.1
4.7
4.6
4.5
4.3
3.8
4.1
5.6
6.2
6.0
5.6
3.3
3.7
7.2
7.2
7.7
1.9
2.0
2.0
2.2
2.1
1.6
1.6
1.8
2.2
2.1
a percentage of employed wage and salary workers plus the unemployed.
With the exception of France, which does not publish an unemployment
rate, these are the usually published unemployment rates for each country.
Published rates shown for Great Britain and Germany cannot be computed
from the data contained in this table.
7
The Australian labor force survey was initiated in 1964. Unemployment
rates for 1960-63 are estimates by an Australian researcher.
N o t e : The adjusted statistics, insofar as possible, have been adapted to
the age at which compulsory schooling ends in each country. Therefore, the
data for the United States and the adjusted data for France, Great Britain
(from 1973), and Sweden relate to the population 16 years of age and over;
the data for Australia, Canada, Germany, Great Britain (until 1972), and
Japan, to the population 15 years of age and over; and the data for Italy, to
the population 14 years of age and over.
Table 179. Indexes of output per hour, hourly compensation, and unit labor costs in manufacturing,1
selected countries, 1960-78
[1967=100]
Item and country
1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971
1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 2
Output per hour
78.9
69.9
75.1
66.6
68.7
67.8
61.2
52.6
67.5
64.1
77.0
80.8
71.1
79.2
70.4
71.9
71.4
66.1
59.3
71.1
67.1
77.7
84.5
76.1
83.3
74.0
75.2
75.8
73.2
61.9
73.3
72.1
79.6
90.5
78.8
86.5
76.4
79.7
79.3
75.2
67.1
75.4
76.3
83.9
95.2
83.6
90.3
82.6
83.7
85.2
79.6
75.9
82.6
82.7
89.8
98.3
87.5
93.7
86.7
88.5
90.7
88.5
79.1
87.8
88.8
92.5
99.7
93.7
96.9
91.1
94.7
93.9
94.4
87.1
93.6
92.4
95.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
103.6
109.2
106.8
109.8
111.4
106.9
107.9
112.6
112.2
109.1
107.3
104.8
118.8
113.1
120.3
115.4
113.4
116.1
130.0
122.6
117.5
109.8
104.5
129.5
114.7
129.3
121.2
116.1
121.7
146.5
134.0
123.5
110.0
110.1
136.7
122.9
138.7
127.6
121.4
125.2
151.0
143.0
130.3
114.4
115.7
152.2
128.3
150.7
135.1
128.7
135.3
162.3
154.4
138.7
122.8
118.8
167.7
135.0
159.8
142.5
136.6
151.7
181.2
170.2
148.9
128.7
112.3
176.9
137.2
165.1
146.6
145.0
159.7
181.7
184.3
153.9
127.8
118.2
186.9
133.7
178.0
150.7
151.3
152.9
174.6
181.1
151.9
126.1
123.4
204.4
140.4
191.4
163.6
160.3
165.9
188.7
199.1
152.9
129.2
127.2
215.8
148.1
195.4
171.7
169.0
167.8
197.3
206.7
151.9
128.2
128.0
228.1
155.0
199.2
180.2
175.1
172.7
212.9
217.3
160.5
130.5
77.1
52.5
72.2
49.2
55.9
54.2
46.5
43.1
46.2
50.8
64.5
79.4
55.7
74.1
55.2
61.5
60.9
51.5
50.2
52.7
55.6
69.5
82.6
59.9
76.3
60.5
67.7
69.0
60.7
57.3
56.3
62.1
73.1
85.2
66.2
79.0
65.7
74.7
73.6
72.0
64.0
62.0
68.7
76.5
88.9
74.3
82.0
71.1
80.4
79.3
80.4
71.9
71.8
74.9
82.0
91.0
82.5
86.1
78.9
86.6
85.8
86.1
81.0
80.5
82.5
89.7
95.2
91.5
92.9
89.6
92.4
94.6
89.8
89.3
90.4
90.3
97.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
107.0
106.3
107.3
111.2
113.4
106.1
106.7
116.3
111.7
108.8
107.2
113.9
116.4
115.3
124.1
117.5
115.4
121.7
137.9
126.6
118.3
117.0
121.8
131.2
124.0
145.0
131.6
133.5
145.7
164.0
146.2
130.3
132.3
129.5
150.2
133.5
157.2
147.1
151.2
168.2
189.3
167.1
146.5
151.1
136.6
174.5
143.8
176.1
164.0
169.1
192.7
216.9
191.5
167.4
169.8
146.4
200.4
158.0
203.4
188.0
192.2
243.9
264.5
228.4
183.1
188.3
161.1
243.2
181.9
244.9
226.0
221.8
303.9
347.1
272.2
213.4
232.4
180.2
293.0
208.8
291.2
270.4
250.2
391.7
407.4
311.3
258.6
306.4
195.1
325.6
238.3
324.5
309.6
268.5
469.2
440.6
348.7
308.9
359.0
212.0
361.9
266.2
357.5
355.1
294.7
557.6
476.6
378.4
345.1
394.6
229.5
385.8
285.4
392.1
399.8
316.1
634.9
500.8
406.4
385.0
453.2
97.7
75.1
96.1
73.8
81.3
80.0
76.1
81.9
68.4
79.3
83.8
98.3
78.3
93.6
78.4
85.5
85.3
78.0
84.5
74.1
82.9
89.4
97.7
78.7
91.6
81.7
90.0
91.0
82.9
92.5
76.8
86.2
91.8
94.2 93.4 92.6 95.4
84.1 88.9 94.2 97.7
91.4 90.9 91.9 95.8
86.0 86.0 91.0 98.4
93.8 96.0 97.8 97.5
92.8 93.0 94.6 100.7
95.7 101.0 97.2 95.2
95.4 94.8 102.3 102.5
82.2 87.0 91.7 96.6
90.0 90.6 93.0 97.8
91.2 91.3 97.0 101.5
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
103.3
97.4
100.4
101.3
101.8
99.2
98.9
103.4
99.6
99.7
99.9
108.7
98.0
101.9
103.2
101.8
101.8
104.8
106.1
103.3
100.7
106.6
116.5
101.3
108.1
112.2
108.6
115.0
119.8
112.0
109.1
105.5
120.3
117.6
109.8
108.6
113.3
115.2
124.5
134.3
125.4
116.9
112.4
132.1
118.1
114.6
112.1
116.8
121.4
131.4
142.4
133.7
124.1
120.6
138.3
123.2
119.4
117.0
127.3
131.9
140.7
160.8
146.0
134.2
123.0
146.3
143.1
137.5
132.5
148.4
154.2
153.0
190.4
191.0
147.7
138.6
181.9
152.4
156.8
156.2
163.6
179.4
165.4
256.2
233.4
171.9
170.3
242.9
158.2
159.3
169.7
169.5
189.3
167.5
282.7
233.5
175.1
202.1
278.0
166.6
167.7
179.8
182.9
206.8
174.3
332.3
241.6
183.1
227.2
307.8
179.4
169.2
184.1
196.8
221.9
180.6
367.7
235.2
187.0
239.9
347.2
97.7 98.3 97.7 94.2 93.4 92.6 95.4
United States.......................
Belgium.................................. 74.9 78.0 78.5 83.8 88.8 94.3 97.4
Canada.................................. 106.9 99.7 92.4 91.4 90.9 92.0 96.0
Denmark................................ 74.7 79.2 82.6 87.0 86.8 91.8 99.5
France................................... 81.5 85.8 90.3 94.2 96.4 98.2 97.7
Germany, F .R .3..................... 76.5 84.7 90.7 92.8 93.3 94.4 1.00.4
Italy....................................... 76.5 78.3 83.4 96.1 101.0 97.1 95.1
Japan .................................... 82.5 84.7 92.8 95.6 94.8 102.5 102.5
Netherlands............................ 65.4 73.6 76.8 82.2 86.9 91.8 96.2
Sweden................................. 79.2 82.8 86.3 89.5 90.8 93.0 97.7
United Kingdom..................... 85.5 91.1 93.7 92.8 92.7 98.6 103.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
103.3
96.9
100.6
94.5
101.2
99.1
99.0
103.8
99.1
99.6
86.9
108.7
97.1
102.1
95.8
96.7
103.5
t04.3
107.2
102.7
100.5
92.6
116.5
101.4
111.7
104.4
96.7
125.7
119.2
113.2
108.7
105.0
104.8
117.6
112.4
116.1
106.8
102.9
142.8
135.6
130.7
120.6
113.7
117.4
118.1
129.4
122.1
117.3
118.4
164.3
152.2
159.7
139.2
130.9
125.7
123.2
152.9
126.2
147.6
146.3
211.7
172.5
195.2
174.0
145.8
130.4
143.1
175.6
146.2
170.3
157.8
236.2
182.6
237.3
198.3
161.4
154.7
152.4
212.3
165.6
199.2
206.2
268.5
245.1
284.8
245.4
212.2
196.2
158.2
205.2
185.7
195.8
195.1
265.4
212.5
285.3
238.8
239.4
182.4
166.6
232.5
182.5
212.7
207.0
299.4
234.9
326.7
268.7
262.5
195.3
179.4
267.4
174.3
249.4
242.6
359.0
270.4
408.7
311.8
274.2
242.2
United States.........................
Belgium.................................
Canada..................................
Denmark................................
France...................................
Germany, F.R. 3.....................
Italy.......................................
Japan ....................................
Netherlands...........................
Sweden..................................
United Kingdom......................
Hourly com pensation In
national currency
United States........................
Belgium.................................
Canada..................................
Denmark................................
France...................................
Germany, F.R. 3.....................
Italy.......................................
Japan ....................................
Netherlands...........................n
Sweden.................................
United Kingdom......................
Unit labor cost in national
currency
United States.........................
Belgium..................................
Canada..................................
Denmark................................
France...................................
Germany, F.R. 3......................
Italy.......................................
Japan ....................................
Netherlands............................
Sweden..................................
United Kingdom.....................
Unit labor cost in U.S.
dollars 4
1 The data relate to all employed persons in the United States and
Canada and all employees in other countries.
2 Preliminary estimates.
3 Includes West Berlin.
467
4
Indexes in national currency adjusted for changes in exchange rates.
Source : Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Estimates
based on data from national and international publications.
Table 180. Average weekly hours of production workers in manufacturing, selected
countries and selected years, 1955-79
Item and country
1955
1960
1965
1966
1967
i
1968
1969
1970
1971
Average weekly hours paid
40.7
41.0
48.8
39.7
40.4
45.6
41.2
41.0
2 44.1
41.4
40.8
43.7
40.6
40.3
42.0
40.7
40.3
43.0
40.6
40.0
43.8
39.8
39.7 '
43.8
39.9
39.7
43.0
(3)
39.1
45.9
45.1
4 41.6
39.6
48.1
43.9
40.9
2 35.0
44.3
42.4
2 40.5
36.0
44.7
41.5
39.6
36.2
44.8
41.7
39.6
36.2
44.5
42.0
39.3
34.6
43.8
41.8
38.4
34.5
43.1
41.3
37.6
33.2
42.4
40.5
(s)
(8)
(3)
(3)
4 49.6
(3)
(3)
(3)
(3)
4 48.8
(3)
45.8
(3)
(3)
2 46.0
(3)
46.1
43.8
(3)
45.9
43.8
45.7
42.4
(3)
45.3
43.7
45.7
43.4
44.7
45.3
43.6
45.6
44.1
44.0
45.0
42.9
45.0
44.1
42.6
44.4
42.2
44.6
43.1
42.2
43.8
1972
United States......................................................
Canada...............................................................
Germany, F .R .1 ..................................................
2
1973
1974
Average weekly hours worked
Belgium..............................................................
Italy....................................................................
Japan5...............................................................
United Kingdom 6................................................
Average weekly scheduled h o u rs 7
Belgium..............................................................
France................................................................
Germany, F .R .1..................................................
Italy....................................................................
Netherlands.......................... ..............................
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979 8
Average weekly hours paid
United States......................................................
Canada...............................................................
Germany, F .R .1..................................................
40.5
40.0
42.7
40.7
39.6
2 42.8
40.0
38.9
41.9
39.5
38.6
40.4
40.1
38.7
41.4
40.3
38.7
41.7
40.4
38.8
41.6
40.2
38.8
41.8
36.9
32.2
42.3
40.8
2 35.8
31.2
42.0
40.9
34.9
30.6
39.8
40.3
32.4
29.2
38.6
39.6
33.4
30.2
40.2
40.3
32.7
30.5
40.2
40.4
32.8
30.3
40.5
40.3
(3)
30.6
40.9
40.0
41.4
44.1
43.0
42.0
43.3
2 40.8
2 43.6
2 42.9
41.8
43.2
40.1
43.0
41.8
41.7
42.2
36.4
41.6
40.5
41.5
40.7
38.0
2 41.7
41.8
41.6
41.1
36.8
41.3
41.9
41.6
41.0
37.0
41.0
41.8
(4)
2 41.1
(3)
40.8
(3)
(3)
(3)
Average weekly hours worked
Belgium..............................................................
Italy....................................................................
Japan5...............................................................
United Kingdom6................................................
Average weekly scheduled h o u r s 7
Belgium..............................................................
France................................................................
Germany, F .R .1..................................................
Italy....................................................................
Netherlands........................................................
6 Oct. each year.
7 Normally scheduled hours adjusted for overtime and for time
lost because of technical reasons or production cutbacks.
8 Preliminary.
11ncluding West Berlin.
2 New sample. Data not comparable with earlier years.
3 Not available.
4Oct.
5 Regular workers in establishments employing 30 or more regu
lar employees.
So urces : National and international statistical publications.
468
Tables 181. Estimated compensation per hour worked of production workers in manufacturing,
selected countries and selected years, 1960-79
1960
1965
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979 1
*
2
2.26
29.96
1.79
2.62
2.63
228
83
1.85
5.31
26.5
2.61
44.27
2.12
3.76
4.13
398
153
3.10
7.85
36.2
3.35
66.05
3.01
5.99
5.99
615
314
4.93
12.01
53.8
3.57
75.01
3.28
6.66
6.66
718
363
5.67
12.90
61.2
3.82
85.25
3.54
7.35
7.26
809
422
6.33
14.83
69.1
4.09
98.09
3.85
8.38
8.06
989
523
7.23
16.05
78.7
4.42
118.4
4.37
9.97
9.01
1,218
687
8.52
17.81
92.4
4.83
140.4
5.06
11.60
9.74
1,520
791
9.75
20.45
118.9
5.22
156.9
5.76
13.37
10.39
1,830
851
10.77
24.08
138.0
5.68
172.2
6.38
15.22
11.19
2,310
929
11.61
25.70
150.3
6.17
182.3
6.84
17.08
11.76
2,685
983
12.36
27.94
171.8
6.69
194.5
7.43
19.45
12.58
3,140
1,050
12.99
30.51
200.5
2.66
United States............................................................
Belgium.................................................................... 41.61
2.06
Canada....................................................................
4.05
France......................................................................
3.55
Germany, F.R. 4............. ...........................................
388
Italy..........................................................................
94
Japan.......................................................................
2.56
Netherlands..............................................................
6.19
Sweden....................................................................
29.4
United Kingdom........................................................
3.13
65.48
2.46
6.09
5.64
700
173
4.46
9.63
41.0
4.17
103.2
3.60
9.60
8.57
1,102
355
7.73
15.19
61.9
4.48
119.2
3.95
10.73
9.68
1,311
411
8.99
16.51
71.0
4.83
140.1
4.28
11.93
10.74
1,499
480
10.14
19.16
81.3
5.24
162.4
4.67
13.79
12.11
1,860
592
11.99
21.46
92.5
5.72
197.6
5.34
16.59
13.94
2,387
778
14.42
24.93
112.0
6.36
236.3
6.24
19.82
15.32
3,031
904
16.58
29.73
147.3
6.93
264.1
7.13
23.13
16.61
3,673
979
18.35
35.76
172.1
7.61
292.2
7.95
26.67
18.03
4,532
1,078
19.75
39.55
189.8
8.33
310.5
8.57
30.15
19.00
5,249
1,140
21.12
43.59
218.2
9.09
331.4
9.33
34.78
20.76
6,136
1,218
22.69
48.85
257.4
3.13
1.32
2.28
1.24
1.41
1.12
.48
1.24
1.87
1.15
4.17
2.08
3.45
1.74
2.35
1.76
.99
2.14
2.93
1.48
4.48
2.46
3.91
1.95
2.78
2.12
1.18
2.58
3.23
1.73
4.83
3.18
4.32
2.37
3.37
2.59
1.58
3.16
4.03
2.03
5.24
4.18
4.67
3.11
4.57
3.20
2.19
4.31
4.93
2.27
5.72
5.08
5.46
3.45
5.40
3.66
2.67
5.37
5.63
2.62
6.36
6.44
6.14
4.63
6.24
4.65
3.05
6.57
7.18
3.27
6.93
6.85
7.23
4.84
6.60
4.42
3.30
6.95
8.21
3.11
7.61
8.16
7.48
5.43
7.77
5.13
4.03
8.05
8.85
3.31
8.33
9.88
7.52
6.70
9.48
6.18
5.47
9.77
9.65
4.19
9.09
11.30
7.97
8.17
11.33
7.38
5.58
11.31
11.39
5.46
Item and Country
Average hourly earnings in national currency 2 3
United States...........................................................
Belgium....................................................................
Canada....................................................................
France................................................................... .
Germany, F.R. 4........................................................
Italy..........................................................................
Japan.......................................................................
Netherlands..............................................................
Sweden....................................................................
United Kingdom........................................................
Total com pensation per hour worked in national
c u rre n c y 3 5
Total com pensation per hour worked in U.S.
d o lla rs 5 6
United States............................................................
Belgium....................................................................
Canada....................................................................
France......................................................................
Germany, F.R. 4........................................................
Italy..........................................................................
Japan.......................................................................
Netherlands..............................................................
Sweden....................................................................
United Kingdom........................................................
2.66
.83
2.12
.83
.85
.62
.26
.68
1.20
.83
3 National currency units: United States, dollar; Belgium, franc; Canada,
dollar; France, franc; Germany, mark; Italy, lira; Japan, yen; Netherlands,
guilder; Sweden, krona; and United Kingdom, pence.
4 Including West Berlin.
5 Total compensation includes all direct payments made to the worker
(pay for time worked, pay for vacations, holidays, and other leave, all bo
nuses, and pay in kind) before payroll deductions of any kind, plus employer
expenditures for legally-required insurance programs and contractual and
private plans for the benefit of employees. In addition, compensation in
cludes other significant taxes on payrolls or employment that are regarded
as labor costs.
6 Converted to U.S. dollars using the average daily exchange rate for the
reference period.
Source : Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Based on
data from national and international statistical publications.
1 Provisional, midyear 1979. Converted to U.S. dollars using annual aver
age exchange rates.
2 Published average hourly earnings do not include the same items of
labor compensation in each country. Earnings generally include basic time
and piece rates, overtime pay and shift differentials, regular bonuses and
premiums, and cost of living adjustments. In some countries, earnings also
include bonus not paid regularly each pay period, private or contractual
family allowances paid by the employer, and pay in kind. In general, earn
ings are computed per hour paid and include pay for time not worked or
else are computed per hour worked and exclude pay for time not worked.
For Japan, however, earnings include pay for time not worked and are com
puted per hour worked. For all countries, earnings refer to gross payments
made to the worker before payroll deductions for taxes and employee
social insurance contributions.
469
Table 182. Indexes of average hourly earnings1 of production workers in manufacturing, selected
countries, 1960-78
[1967 = 100]
Country
1960
1961
United States............................ .......................................
Argentina 1
2........................................................................
Austria 3 ...........................................................................
Belgium............................................................................
Brazil 4..............................................................................
Canada.............................................................................
Denmark 6........................................................................
France..............................................................................
Germany, F .R .7................................................................
Italy..................................................................................
80.1
17.6
56.5
57.7
(5)
74.6
50.6
62.3
56.4
52.7
82.3
21.7
61.7
60.4
(5)
76.3
56.8
67.1
62.4
56.3
Japan 8.............................................................................
Korea9.............................................................................
Mexico 10.........................................................................
Netherlands......................................................................
Norway 11........................................................................
Spain 12............................................................................
Sweden 13.......................................................................
Switzerland 14..................................................................
Taiwan 15.........................................................................
Turkey 16..........................................................................
United Kingdom 14............................................................
Venezuela 10....................................................................
45.5
35.1
57.8
50.3
61.3
(5)
57.2
60.9
56.4
57.0
66.2
(5)
50.6
39.3
60.5
57.4
65.6
(5)
62.2
64.6
68.6
60.1
70.2
(5)
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
78.3
62.1
72.9
69.5
64.9
86.9
33.0
70.9
70.1
17.1
81.3
67.0
79.2
74.5
75.8
89.7
42.7
77.1
78.3
31.8
84.2
73.1
84.0
81.3
84.2
92.6
56.7
82.4
85.2
49.5
88.3
81.8
88.1
89.6
90.6
96.1
77.2
92.2
93.5
79.0
93.8
92.2
93.4
96.1
94.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
106.7
103.9
105.7
105.2
128.6
107.5
113.7
110.7
104.1
104.5
113.1
114.2
112.2
114.9
162.8
116.3
124.7
124.8
114.8
114.8
57.4
41.9
65.7
62.7
71.0
(5)
66.3
69.7
72.1
63.6
73.2
(5)
64.1
47.9
77.3
67.3
74.8
56.5
71.9
75.4
75.0
69.5
76.4
(5)
71.2
58.4
84.4
77.2
79.4
64.6
76.6
81.5
76.6
71.6
82.3
89.4
79.6
69.3
90.2
85.0
86.6
74.9
84.6
87.5
83.1
83.5
90.5
93.8
89.1
81.6
94.3
92.5
92.9
87.2
91.2
93.9
88.2
91.6
95.5
95.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
117.2
126.5
105.2
108.4
108.0
108.2
106.1
105.1
111.4
109.3
106.7
108.2
139.8
169.7
110.4
120.5
118.2
120.4
114.2
111.8
114.4
128.5
115.6
105.2
84.8
27.1
66.7
64.4
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
United States....................................................................
Argentina 2........................................................................
Austria 3 ...........................................................................
Belgium............................................................................
Brazil4..............................................................................
Canada.............................................................................
Denmark 6........................................................................
France..............................................................................
Germany, F .R .7................................................................
118.8
134.9
126.6
127.2
203.5
125.4
139.0
140.5
129.6
142.3
126.6
185.6
145.0
144.4
254.9
136.7
158.6
156.6
144.8
165.0
135.5
270.6
165.0
164.1
323.0
147.5
176.7
173.0
157.4
185.0
145.0
475.8
188.0
188.8
399.1
160.4
207.2
197.3
174.8
226.8
156.7
612.3
217.5
227.9
521.2
182.1
258.0
234.9
194.6
283.8
171.3
1,662
262.1
270.3
737.3
210.8
303.2
273.3
211.1
354.2
185.1
5,069
282.1
302.1
1,082
240.0
336.8
314.9
225.2
428.2
201.4
10,952
310.3
331.5
1,618
265.8
365.4
358.5
242.4
547.6
218.8
(6)
332.8
351.0
2,359
285.0
403.5
402.3
255.2
636.1
Japan8.............................................................................
Korea 9.............................................................................
Mexico 10.........................................................................
Netherlands......................................................................
Norway 11........................................................................
Spain 12............................................................................
Sweden 13........................................................................
Switzerland 14.................................................... ........ ..;...
Taiwan 15.........................................................................
Turkey 16..........................................................................
United Kingdom 14............................................................
Venezuela 10.... ...............................................................
163.7
213.1
116.0
135.2
132.3
137.0
129.4
123.4
123.8
144.3
133.2
113.6
189.2
261.3
126.1
155.3
148.7
155.5
139.0
139.2
144.7
164.6
148.8
120.8
220.1
302.8
132.2
173.5
161.9
181.2
159.8
155.6
157.0
182.7
169.8
129.4
274.5
336.3
150.0
198.1
179.1
216.9
172.9
175.1
193.0
231.4
192.1
129.3
364.5
455.0
191.0
233.4
210.1
273.6
191.9
197.5
285.3
286.5
230.8
152.5
422.3
578.0
232.4
267.1
251.7
363.5
220.3
211.6
325.0
362.6
289.3
174.3
454.6
778.4
291.9
295.0
293.0
472.0
259.5
215.5
368.1
510.3
322.4
179.2
495.1
1,042
382.8
318.6
324.4
577.5
276.9
220.5
426.9
515.2
348.9
195.6
526.2
1,399
441.0
339.2
350.7
725.6
301.1
228.0
472.0
(6)
1978 7
221.3
ployers Confederation, 1960-73; all workers in total manufacturing, 1973-78.
7 Including West Berlin beginning 1964.
8 Regular workers in establishments employing 30 or more regular em
ployees.
9 Monthly earnings. Including salaried employees.
10 Monthly earnings.
11 Adult male workers only. Including mining and quarrying.
12 Including salaried employees.
13 Including mining and quarrying, 1960-72.
14 Adult male workers only.
15 Daily earnings, adult workers, 1960-71; index of wage rates, 1971-78.
16 Daily earnings. Including salaried employees.
17 Preliminary.
1 Average hourly earnings generally refer to gross cash renumeration
before deductions for taxes and social security contributions and include
overtime pay, shift differentials, regular bonuses and premiums, and cost-ofliving adjustments. Pay for time not worked, bonuses not paid regularly
each pay period, and other supplementary benefits are included by some
countries, excluded by others. Earnings are per paid hour for some coun
tries, per hour worked for others. The data refer to production and related
workers of both sexes without distinction as to age in manufacturing indus
try. Exceptions are indicated by footnotes.
2 Minimum hourly earnings. Unskilled workers.
3 Including mining and quarrying.
4 Monthly earnings. Including salaried employees.
5 Not available.
6 Adult workers in establishments that are members of the Danish Em
1977
Source : National and international statistical publications.
470
Table 183. Indexes of average real hourly earnings1 of production workers in manufacturing,
selected countries, 1960-78
[1967=100]
Country
United States....................................................................
Austria 2...........................................................................
Belgium 3 .......................................................................................................
Canada.............................................................................
Denmark 4........................................................................
France..............................................................................
Germany, F .R .5................................................................
Ja p a n 6 ...........................................................................................................
N e th e rla n d s ..................................................................................................
Norway7..........................................................................
Sw eden8
...................................................................................................
Switzerland 9 ....................................................................
United Kingdom 9 ......................................................... ....
1960
1962
1961
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
90.3
72.7
70.1
86.8
75.5
79.1
68.6
91.9
76.6
72.7
88.0
81.4
82.4
74.0
93.6
79.3
76.5
89.3
82.7
85.5
79.6
94.8
82.2
81.5
91.0
84.8
88.6
83.0
92.6
86.0
87.4
92.6
89.3
90.8
88.4
98.0
87.6
91.3
94.8
93.8
92.9
94.4
98.9
95.8
96.2
97.1
99.1
95.9
97.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
. 100.0
100.0
100.0
102.4
102.8
102.4
103.3
105.3
105.9
102.6
103.0
105.8
107.8
106.9
111.5
112.1
111.0
70.7
67.2
64.7
80.7
75.9
77.8
83.9
74.1
71.0
73.1
84.1
80.8
81.0
86.0
81.5
75.4
78.0
86.5
82.2
83.8
86.0
88.7
78.3
81.1
88.8
86.6
87.6
88.0
92.9
83.8
87.8
89.3
89.3
91.9
91.9
95.7
87.0
93.0
93.3
93.9
95.3
96.4
97.1
92.6
95.7
97.0
95.1
97.7
97.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
103.1
111.3
104.5
104.3
104.1
102.6
101.9
110.3
126.2
108.2
110.8
109.1
106.5
104.7
1 9 7 8 10
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
United States....................................................................
Austria 2.................................................. .........................
Belgium 3 .........................................................................
Canada.............................................................................
Denmark 4........................................................................
France..............................................................................
Germany, F .R .5................................................................
102.2
114.5
114.9
111.6
116.7
120.0
121.1
104.4
125.2
125.0
118.3
125.9
126.8
128.6
108.1
134.0
134.7
121.8
131.6
132.0
132.4
108.9
142.0
144.9
123.1
141.1
140.2
137.5
106.1
150.0
155.2
126.0
152.5
146.8
143.1
106.3
166.7
163.2
131.7
163.5
152.8
146.5
108.6
167.2
167.2
139.5
166.6
160.6
149.9
111.0
174.3
171.2
143.0
162.7
167.1
155.6
112.0
180.5
173.6
140.7
163.2
172.0
159.5
Italy..................................................................................
Japan 6.............................................................................
Netherlands......................................................................
Norway7... ......................................................................
Sweden 8 .........................................................................
Switzerland 9 ....................................................................
United Kingdom 9 .............................................................
130.3
137.2
116.3
112.1
115.5
113.4
113.5
144.1
149.2
124.1
118.6
115.5
120.1
115.8
152.9
165.5
128.5
120.5
125.3
125.9
123.4
169.0
184.8
135.9
124.0
126.9
130.2
127.8
177.6
199.2
146.1
133.0
128.3
133.8
132.4
189.5
206.5
151.7
142.6
134.1
134.3
133.6
196.2
203.2
154.0
152.1
143.3
134.5
127.7
211.8
204.7
155.9
155.6
137.2
135.9
119.3
219.5
208.7
159.4
154.4
135.6
139.0
127.3
8 Regular workers in establishments employing 30 or more regular em
ployees.
7 Adult male workers only. Including mining and quarrying.
8 Including mining and quarrying, 1960-72.'
9 Adult male workers only.
10 Preliminary.
1 Average hourly earnings adjusted for changes in purchasing power
since the base period.
2 Including mining and quarrying.
3 Consumer price adjustment excluding rent, 1960-75.
4 Adult workers in establishments that are members of the Danish Employers Confederation, 1960-73; all workers in total manufacturing, 1973-78.
5 Including West Berlin beginning 1962 for prices and 1964 for earnings.
Sources : National and international statistical publications.
471
Table 184. Indexes of consumer prices, selected countries and selected years, 1960-79
[1967=100]
Country and index
1960
1965
1966
1967
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
Index o f consum er prices, total, and selected categories 1
United States
Total...............................
Food............................................
Apparel and upkeep......................
Housing........................................
Shelter..................................
Transportation..............................
1968
116.3
114.9
116.1
118.2
123.6
112.7
121.3
118.4
119.8
123.4
128.8
118.6
125.3
123.5
122.3
128.1
134.5
119.9
133.1
141.4
126.8
133.7
140.7
123.8
147.7
161.7
136.2
148.8
154.4
137.7
161.2
175.4
142.3
164.5
169.7
150.6
170.5
180.8
147.6
174.6
179.0
165.5
181.5
192.2
154.2
186.5
191.1
177.2
195.4
211.4
159.6
202.8
210.4
185.5
217.4
234.5
166.6
227.6
239.7
212.0
87.8
89.6
93.8
95.9
97.2 100.0 104.2 109.8
99.1 100.0 103.6 108.9
96.1 100.0 105.4 111.5
—
100.0 104.0 110.4
96.8 100.0 104.8 113.3
97.2 100.0 103.2 107.2
86.2
84.7
91.5
75.4
94.1
93.9
96.8
92.0
96.9
98.4
97.9
95.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
102.7
102.5
101.9
104.2
105.7
103.8
104.4
109.6
109.8
107.6
107.9
116.7
116.4
111.8
113.9
125.3
123.3
116.1
120.2
134.6
134.9
133.8
131.4
145.5
155.3
154.2
155.8
167.5
178.7
165.8
184.1
199.6
202.9
186.1
214.2
232.0
227.9
207.6
243.2
258.3
245.9
227.4
264.0
277.3
268.3
258.4
282.3
3 295.8
77.7
76.4
85.7
78.5
70.3
71.7
94.1
95.0
95.8
93.3
89.3
88.1
96.2
96.2
98.2
96.3
93.2
92.7
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
102.8
101.2
101.2
103.4
106.8
104.2
106.0
104.6
102.3
106.6
113.9
109.6
110.6
109.5
104.8
113.7
125.5
111.5
115.8
113.7
108.3
121.9
141.0
114.1
123.1
120.3
113.8
129.7
156.3
124.7
132.4
129.7
122.2
140.8
177.9
132.4
145.0
140.5
133.5
156.1
195.1
149.8
157.2
149.4
141.7
174.4
221.6
161.4
168.7
158.2
149.1
191.7
257.2
173.9
178.0
168.1
156.0
200.5
274.5
184.1
184.4
173.8
161.2
206.7
288.6
192.1
191.2
178.4
166.7
215.7
302.8
202.4
82.3
80.6
93.3
93.0
97.2 100.0 102.7 106.6 110.7 115.5 121.8 130.3 146.8 165.6 180.7 193.6
97.5 100.0 101.7 106.4 110.1 112.2 119.7 129.2 141.3 157.2 177.2 189.1
202.2
191.8
211.3
192.8
7 86.7
7 84.6
7 85.0
7 88.2
7 85.1
7 89.4
93.1
92.8
91.7
93.2
92.6
93.7
96.6
98.7
95.2
95.9
95.5
95.9
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
104.1
103.2
103.0
104.6
106.0
102.6
108.8
107.6
105.8
110.0
113.3
107.3
112.4
110.0
107.8
115.4
120.7
111.6
115.6
111.2
109.4
120.6
127.4
116.1
121.1
119.7
112.3
126.3
134.4
119.2
130.3
137.2
117.8
134.4
143.6
122.3
144.5
159.5
129.1
146.1
153.8
134.5
160.1
180.1
136.9
160.7
166.8
150.3
172.1
184.9
144.4
178.5
185.6
166.4
185.9
200.3
154.3
195.3
202.9
178.0
202.5
231.4
160.2
210.0
217.6
188.4
221.0
261.8
174.9
224.6
230.0
206.7
78.8
77.7
85.2
74.3
59.2
79.7
94.8
95.7
96.4
92.4
87.7
93.6
97.4
98.4
98.0
96.0
93.5
95.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
104.5
103.1
101.7
105.1
107.2
108.0
111.3
109.6
106.4
113.1
117.2
115.5
117.1
116.1
110.4
119.7
125.6
122.4
123.5
123.5
115.2
126.4
132.7
130.6
131.1
133.2
121.2
132.5
140.4
136.6
140.7
145.8
130.0
140.2
151.6
143.7
160.0
164.1
147.0
162.3
163.2
170.1
178.9
182.8
166.2
180.6
180.2
192.0
196.1
202.5
181.0
199.3
201.3
213.6
214.5
228.1
195.7
216.2
219.9
234.1
233.9
246.6
216.2
234.5
238.3
257.3
259.1
268.7
240.0
263.7
265.3
291.5
82.8
84.9
86.5
65.7
85.1
94.9 98.3 100.0 101.5
97.1 100.1 100.0 99.1
96.2 98.8 100.0 100.0
92.7 96.8 100.0 104.1
86.8 93.7 100.0 107.2
93.2 97.0 100.0 102.9
103.4
101.4
101.1
107.1
114.0
102.3
107.0
103.8
105.1
111.8
119.0
105.3
112.6
107.7
111.3
118.1
126.3
112.4
118.9
113.8
118.0
124.1
133.9
120.0
127.1
122.5
126.8
132.7
141.9
129.1
136.0
128.3
136.3
143.4
148.9
142.1
144.1
135.0
143.2
153.7
158.6
151.0
150.2
142.0
148.0
161.0
168.6
158.1
162.3,
149.1
154.7
165.8
172.2
161.8
164.0
151.3
161.5
170.9
177.4
166.5
169.9
153.9
168.6
181.4
183.1
174.3
74.5
76.8
80.5
72.7
63.4
74.7
94.7
96.3
97.3
94.9
93.4
93.9
96.9
98.3
98.6
97.2
97.2
97.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
101.4
100.2
101.2
102.0
104.3
101.7
104.1
103.1
103.7
104.5
108.9
104.1
109.2
107.5
110.6
110.9
115.2
109.2
114.5
111.8
117.5
116.0
119.4
115.7
121.0
118.9
124.7
120.2
124.2
121.8
134.2
133.2
139.7
128.4
132.9
136.0
159.8
156.9
167.8
152.8
140.3
173.7
186.9
185.2
194.6
173.6
159.9
207.5
218.3
216.8
225.8
196.8
179.1
263.3
258.5
258.7
276.9
231.8
206.1
307.9
289.8
292.1
318.1
254.0
224.7
334.8
332.7
330.8
3 359.5
3 298.7
3 274.5
3 384.5
67.7
64.8
75.8
70.5
51.6
69.6
91.5
91.8
93.9
90.9
84.2
82.5
96.2
95.4
97.3
95.5
93.0
96.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
105.3
106.4
104.4
103.7
104.8
103.4
110.8
112.9
109.5
108.0
112.6
109.4
119.3
123.0
119.1
114.9
122.2
116.5
126.8
130.4
129.8
120.5
133.2
120.7
133.0
135.5
136.9
125.4
146.1
126.7
148.5
153.1
166.3
137.9
160.0
134.1
183.0
195.5
205.1
137.9
172.4
147.4
204.5
220.9
217.5
174.3
190.8
170.2
223.7
241.0
233.8
185.1
210.5
194.7
241.9
257.1
248.0
195.9
231.1
261.1
252.1
266.2
256.7
204.4
251.2
272.8
261.5
271.9
269.1
212.9
264.9
287.3
88.7
88.0
89.6
—
94.5
94.4
93.7
—
Australia2
Total........................
Food at home...............................
Clothing and drapery.....................
Shelter..........................................
Austria
Total...............................
Food4 ..........................................
Clothing........................................
Housing and laundry5....................
Shelter..................................
Transportation..............................
Belgium
Total6..............................
Food............................................
Canada
Total...............................
Food............................................
Clothing........................................
Housing........................................
Shelter..................................
Transportation..............................
France8
Total...............................
Food............................................
Clothing9......................................
Housing........................................
Rent......................................
Transportation..............................
Germany, Federal Republic10
Total...............................
Food............................................
Clothing.......................................
Housing.......................................
Shelter..................................
Transportation..............................
—
Italy
Total...............................
Food............................................
Clothing........................................
Housing5......................................
Rent11..................................
Transportation..............................
Japan
Total...............................
Food................................... ........
Clothing........................................
Housing12....................................
Rent......................................
Transportation.......... ...................
See footnotes at end of table.
472
Table 184. Indexes of consumer prices, selected countries and selected years, 1960-79— Continued
[1967=100]
Country and index
1960
1965
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
Index of consum er prices, total, and selected categories
Netherlands
Total............................................
F o od .............................................. .
Clothing.............................................
Housing.............................................
Shelter.......................................
Transportation..................................
1967
1966
111.4
109.1
111.6
111.0
115.0
107.1
1978
1979
Continued
91.4
93.7
91.0
93.4
89.0
87.7
96.7
98.7
95.7
97.2
95.9
94.4
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
203.8
183.3
218.0
201.4
218.6
192.6
212.5
183.7
231.5
212.0
231.0
197.6
3 222.3
3 187.8
3 245.5
3 225.3
3 246.8
3 204.9
75.4
70.0
83.3
79.0
70.8
90.1
90.8
92.2
90.5
86.8
95.9
96.8
96.7
96.6
93.9
100.0 101.9 104.7 112.0 120.3 127.5 136.2 149.6 164.3 181.1 201.8
100.0 101.0 104.4 113.4 123.8 135.0 142.8 151.6 169.5 191.3 219.3
100.0 100.0 100.0 102.4 111.3 117.7 120.9 128.5 141.9 153.9 164.1
100.0
100.0
104.1
103.2
109.6
112.6
120.2
123.7
124.2
125.9
129.3
132.2
141.8
141.1
165.0
155.3
177.0
167.8
193.7
180.7
217.3
203.8
222.0
240.2
174.9
236.9
219.4
238.0
253.0
183.8
262.1
236.3
78.9
81.9
87.3
74.7
69.6
83.1
93.9
94.2
100.0
91.8
89.6
95.1
97.6
97.6
101.5
96.6
95.5
98.0 |
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
104.7
104.0
101.5
105.4
105.1
106.1
110.4
110.5
105.4
109.5
109.3
110.4
117.4
118.2
110.8
117.0
117.5
117.7
128.5
131.3
118.4
127.6
128.3
131.2
137.6
143.0
126.9
138.0
141.8
138.9
150.3
164.5
138.9
149.3
158.4
147.1
174.3
194.0
163.2
169.9
177.1
173.1
216.5
243.8
187.5
208.7
210.0
224.4
252.4
292.4
207.9
240.0
239.7
258.9
292.4
348.0
234.8
274.7
270.8
296.8
316.6
372.7
255.0
296.2
290.2
323.1
359.0
417.5
279.2
341.5
349.6
379.2
67,566
1,286
247.3
205.8
191.3
175,342
3 1,870
271.0
3 226.1
203.5
1,305
124.3
118.0
127.7
124.2
132.8
122.6
134.3
125.8
137.6
132.6
144.7
134.0
145.2
135.9
150.9
142.9
157.8
142.2
159.4
144.7
171.3
158.8
171.1
155.4
1977
13 77.7
13 77.1
13 71.0
13 82.2
13 74.6
13 75.2
103.7
102.4
103.5
104.0
107.5
101.8
115.5
112.7
116.0
114.6
121.2
110.7
1976
175.3
155.9
190.6
173.9
183.4
167.8
190.9
171.7
202.9
189.8
202.7
182.3
Sw eden
Total...................................
Food 4 ...............................................
Clothing..!..........................................
Housing 14........................................
Shelter.......................................
United Kingdom
Total...................................
Food at home....................................
Clothing.............................................
Housing8...........................................
Shelter.......................................
Transportation..................................
Index of consum er prices, total
Argentina (Buenos Aires).................
Brazil (Sao Paulo).............................
Denmark...........................................
20.7
4.8
67.0
58.1
58.7
52.6
87.2
91.1
79.7
77.4
77.2
93.0
99.3
87.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
116.2
124.2
108.0
104.1
102.9
125.0
153.1
111.8
107.5
101.7
142.0
182.2
119.1
111.6
107.0
191.3
220.7
126.0
115.1
110.5
303.2
260.2
134.3
117.5
117.4
485.9
300.5
146.8
122.6
137.2
603.5
375.4
169.2
135.9
176.7
1,706
488.9
185.5
149.0
186.6
9,270 25,591
661.6 929.6
202.2 224.6
164.4 185.3
172.1 186.6
Egypt.........................................
77.7
India...................................................
Indonesia (Djakarta).........................
Iran....................................................
Ireland...............................................
Israel..................................................
Korea.................................................
.05
89.4
76.5
64.6
39.6
3.1
98.8
94.1
91.1
81.0
35.7
98.5
96.9
98.4
90.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
225.6
100.7
104.7
102.1
110.9
264.9
104.2
112.4
104.7
124.7
297.6
106.0
121.7
111.0
144.7
310.4
110.5
132.5
124.3
164.2
330.7
117.6
144.1
140.3
183.5
433.3
129.2
160.4
168.3
189.2
609.5
147.3
187.7
235.2
235.3
725.6
166.4
226.8
327.6
294.7
869.3
185.2
267.6
430.2
339.7
965.0
235.8
304.4
579.2
374.3
1,048
263.2
139.9
872.3
428.2
158.5
1,555
506.6
Mexico18...........................................
Norway..............................................
Spain.................................................
Switzerland.......................................
Taiwan...............................................
Venezuela (Caracas)........................
84.9
76.0
62.9
78.3
84.3
92.1
93.1
92.8
88.5
91.8
94.9
98.3
97.1
95.8
93.9
96.1
96.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
102.4
103.5
104.9
102.4
106.3
101.3
105.9
106.7
107.2
105.0
111.6
103.7
111.0
118.0
113.3
108.8
115.7
106.3
117.1
125.4
122.6
115.9
118.6
109.7
122.8
134.4
132.8
123.6
124.4
112.9
137.9
144.4
148.0
134.5
140.6
117.6
170.6
158.0
171.2
147.6
161.7
127.3
196.2
176.5
200.3
157.5
170.2
140.3
227.2
192.6
235.5
160.2
174.4
151.0
293.4
210.1
293.2
162.3
186.7
162.7
344.1
227.2
351.2
164.0
197.5
174.3
3 406.4
238.0
3 406.3
169.9
216.7
195.8
1 Index categories are the same as U.S. categories unless otherwise indi
cated.
2 For the three component categories, indexes for the Australian fiscal
years 1950 through 1966 are presented as the indexes for the respective
chronological years.
3 Preliminary.
4 Excluding alcohol for Sweden and, prior to 1966, for Austria.
5 Published indexes have been adjusted or aggregated by BLS for com
parability of items covered.
6 Excluding rent and several other services prior to 1976.
7 1961.
8 Paris only prior to 1965.
473
—
9 Including household linen through 1970.
10 Including West Berlin beginning in 1965.
11 Including household fuels beginning in 1977.
12 Including rent, repairs, and furnishings, but excluding imputed rent and
utilities.
13 Apr. through Dec.
14 Excluding household furnishings and equipment.
15 Covering only food, clothing, utilities, and household goods in Mexico
City prior to 1969.
Sources : National and international statistical publications.
Table 185. Indexes of wholesale or producer prices, selected countries and selected years, 1960-79
[1967=100]
Country and index
1960
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978 1979 1
106.5
106.6
106.6
110.0
104.6
106.9
105.9
110.4
110.3
109.9
113.5
107.7
112.0
109.8
113.9
113.7
112.7
115.3
111.4
116.6
114.0
119.1
117.2
116.6
121.7
113.4
119.5
118.7
134.7
127.9
129.2
146.4
118.5
123.5
131.6
160.1
147.5
149.3
166.9
138.6
141.0
162.9
174.9
163.4
163.6
181.0
153.1
162.5
180.0
183.0
170.3
169.0
180.2
161.8
173.2
189.3
194.2
180.6
178.9
189.2
172.1
184.5
201.7
209.3
194.6
192.6
206.7
183.7
199.1
215.5
235.5
215.9
215.5
226.3
208.1
216.6
242.7
214.3 240.1
282.2
106.0 108.5 110.6 115.6 128.5 152.8 170.0 178.8 192.8 210.6
240.9
United States
Producer (wholesale) Price Index,
total..........................................
Finished goods2.....................
Finished consumer goods.......
Food...............................
Other...............................
Finished producer goods.........
Intermediate materials...................
Crude materials for further processing...... .................................
94.9
93.7
94.5
92.1
(3)
91.7
95.6
96.6 99.8 100.0
95.7 98.8 100.0
99.4 100.0
96.1
95.4 101.6 100.0
(3)
(3) 100.0
94.4 96.8 100.0
96.8 99.2 100.0
102.5
102.9
102.7
103.7
102.1
103.5
102.3
97.0
99.3 105.7 100.0
101.6 108.4 112.2 115.0 127.6 174.0 196.1
196.9 205.1
Canada
Industry selling (producer) price
index for manufacturing, total..... 4 91.2
Food and nonalcoholic beverage industries..... ................ 4 87.2
Other industries...................... 4 92.1
Wholesale price index, total5......... 87.4
Fully and chiefly finished
goods.................................. 88.3
Crude and partly processed goods,
including raw fo o d ..................... 85.2
100.0
102.1
95.4
98.1
93.9
95.7
94.8
99.3 100.0
97.7 100.0
98.3 100.0
101.2 106.7 109.5 112.9 123.0 150.7 177.9 195.7 198.4 212.1 235.8
102.3 105.7 108.1 110.0 113.8 123.5 147.2 164.2 174.3 188.4 205.1
102.2 106.9 108.4 109.8 117.5 142.7 174.7 186.1 194.0 211.9 231.0
265.6
235.2
(3)
95.3 • 98.0 100.0
102.7 107.5 108.8 112.8 121.0 139.4 166.8 183.7 193.9 211.0 232.2
(3)
98.6 100.0
101.2 105.6 107.7 103.9 110.7 149.3 190.3 190.8 193.4 212.5 227.9
(3)
93.9
France
Wholesale price index for raw ma
terials and semifinished goods,
total6........................................
Industrial goods......................
Semifinished goods..........
Raw materials..................
Energy products.....................
Food 6 ...................................
87.3
88.3
88.9
86.0
96.9
81.9
98.0
98.2
97.9
99.1
97.1
98.0
100.4
100.9
100.3
102.7
98.6
100.3
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
101.4
98.4
98.6
97.6
105.1
105.7
110.9
108.9
107.9
111.9
113.5
113.7
118.6
117.0
115.1
122.7
122.6
119.8
124.6
119.5
119.7
118.8
136.3
128.8
131.7
125.0
126.2
121.6
139.0
141.3
148.7
143.4
140.1
153.1
144.2
161.5
183.1
185.2
178.8
203.9
209.3
166.2
185.4
174.6
176.9
167.8
234.9
182.4
201.0
187.5
186.8
189.6
258.1
199.8
216.8
198.0
195.6
204.8
285.6
220.4
229.1
206.6
206.0
208.1
308.2
234.8
255.3
234.1
233.7
235.1
355.7
248.2
100.0
99.0 101.2 106.3 110.7 113.3 121.0 137.2 141.7 146.7 150.7 152.2
160.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
98.8 100.2 104.6 107.2 107.2 116.6 144.0 142.7 148.4 147.3 146.5
100.0 103.2 111.4 118.3 121.5 126.6 138.4 148.6 153.7 159.6 163.6
99.7 101.6 105.4 109.4 113.3 121.7 135.9 139.6 144.0 148.5 151.0
162.4
168.5
158.2
Germany, Federal Republic 7
Index of producer prices, manu
facturing industries, total............ 92.8 99.3 101.1
Primary and producer goods
industries............................ 100.1 101.5 102.6
Investment goods industries... 89.5 99.1 101.1
Consumer goods industries 8.... 89.5 98.1 100.6
Food, beverage and tobacco
industries............................ 90.8 97.0 99.1
Basic materials selling price index,
97.1 102.4 103.7
total 9........................................
100.0
100.0
98.7
99.7 101.9 105.6 109.8 119.0 125.8 130.6 135.2 144.6 144.2
145.1
109.7 121.2 144.5 144.8 154.4 156.9 153.0
163.8
9100.0 102.6 105.2 106.1
Italy 10
Wholesale price index, total...........
Finished consumer goods.......
Fo o d ...............................
Finished capital goods............
Materials for further process
ing ......................................
86.6 98.8
84.9 99.1
82.5 100.1
90.8 99.3
100.2
100.8
101.7
100.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.4
99.8
100.3
101.3
89.5
95.6
96.3 100.0
101.2
Wholesale price index, total11....... 92.2
Finished consumer goods....... 84.4
Fo o d...............................
(2)
Other...............................
(3)
Finished capital goods............ 100.4
Materials for further process
ing ...................................... 94.0
95.6
95.0
92.9
97.7
98.7
97.9
97.2
96.1
98.5
99.3
100.9
103.8
105.7
101.3
100.8
94.7
97.8 100.0
104.4
103.7
105.5
108.0
336.9
319.8
310.0
344.7
389.1
353.7
340.2
388.4
98.8 102.7 109.0 108.8 127.0 281.3 298.2 371.7 423.3 449.0
546.7
112.0
110.3
111.4
120.0
115.8
114.3
115.1
121.6
120.5
120.6
122.0
125.1
141.0
138.7
142.1
157.2
198.4
175.4
171.9
213.6
215.5
192.6
194.4
229.8
264.7
238.5
235.5
275.3
310.8
289.8
276.7
311.7
Japan
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
103.3
108.2
112.2
102.8
101.3
99.6 101.7 106.1
See footnotes at end of table.
107.8
114.1
118.8
107.8
103.1
474
107.2
117.2
124.8
108.3
103.4
108.2
119.4
127.7
109.8
103.9
125.4
132.1
141.7
121.2
113.5
164.6
161.5
173.4
148.0
142.8
169.7
172.2
192.1
151.7
147.3
178.7
183.3
213.4
155.0
148.6
182.3
190.4
225.8
158.0
151.7
177.7
191.0
227.7
157.5
153.6
190.7
194.6
228.9
162.4
155.5
103.4 104.5 126.7 173.4 177.3 189.2 193.1
185.0
204.8
Table 185. Indexes of wholesale or producer prices, selected countries and selected years,
1960-79— Continued
[1967 = 100]
Country and index
1960
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979 1
(3)
(3)
(3)
100.0
100.2
101.7
105.3
104.0
105.1
120.9
153.0
156.5
165.0
169.7
168.7
177.0
84.8
84.2
(3)
(3)
94.9
95.1
93.9
100.0
98.8
100.6
101.8
105.6
106.3
(3)
(3)
98.9
(3)
(3)
101.7
100.0
100.0
(3)
(3)
100.0
(3)
(3)
100.0
(3)
(3)
104.1.
112.0
110.9
100.0
100.0
111.2
113.3
115.8
104.3
106.1
113.8
117.1
121.8
109.6
111.5
114.1
131.7
130.0
117.3
117.6
130.9
(3)
142.8
128.5
130.2
174.8
(3)
152.4
136.8
144.4
177.8
(3)
163.0
146.4
150.6
192.7
(3)
171.7
154.7
156.5
199.9
(3)
175.1
157.4
161.3
189.1
(3)
180.0
161.6
166.9
212.0
85.0
85.2
88.3
96.3
96.6
96.7
98.8
98.2
99.2
100.0
100.0
100.0
104.0
104.2
103.9
108.0
107.9
107.1
115.1
116.7
115.2
125.5
127.4
126.9
132.2
133.1
134.5
141.9
154.7
145.2
175.0
192.9
181.0
217.3
233.1
224.4
252.9
269.2
261.5
301.3
332.7
308.3
330.9
362.5
340.5
371.2
398.8
387.1
91.9
98.0
100.5
100.0
109.1
112.9
117.4
122.8
128.2
169.6
252.8
276.5
351.0
399.3
394.9
457.7
Japan— Continued
Producer price index for manufac
turing, total..................................
Netherlands
Producer price index, total................
Finished goods.........................
Consumer goods12.............
Investment goods 12............
Materials for further processing ..
United Kingdom
Wholesale price index for manufac
turing, total...................................
Food industries.........................
Other industries 13....................
Wholesale price index for manufac
turing industry basic materials
and fuel inputs, total.....................
1 Preliminary estimates, except the indexes for the United States, Ger
many, and United Kingdom; total indexes for Canada and Italy; and nonfood
indexes for France and Japan.
2 Including raw foods and fuel sold to retailers.
3 Not available.
4 1961.
5 The general wholesale price index (1935-39=100) has been discontin
ued with the publication of the Dec. 1978 index.
6 Including finished goods, 1960-61. Index for food includes some fin
ished products.
7 Including West Berlin beginning in 1961.
8 Excluding food, beverage, and tobacco industries.
9 Break in series between 1967 and 1968: 1960-67, 1967=100; 196877, 1968 = 100.
475
10 Break in series between 1972 and 1973 because of changes in tax
treatment; cascade tax is included through 1972, but value added tax which
replaced cascade tax on Jan. 1, 1973, is excluded. For the total index, the
1972-73 percent change would be 17.8 rather than 17.0 if the value added
tax were included.
11 Including perishable foods (which are included in component indexes),
and including exports (which are not included in component indexes).
12 1970 = 100.
13 Excluding beverage and tobacco industries, which are included in the
total index.
Sources : National statistical publications.
Table 186. Work stoppages and time lost due to ndustrial disputes in selected countries, 1955-79
Country and
year
Number of
industrial
disputes
Workers
involved1
(thousands)
Working
days lost
(thousands)
Days lost
per
thousand
employees2
1955..................
1956..................
1957..................
1958..................
1959..................
4,320
3,825
3,673
3,694
3,708
2,650
1,900
1,390
2,060
1,880
28,200
33,100
16,500
23,900
69,000
571
648
320
471
1,320
1960..................
1961..................
1962..................
1963..................
1964..................
3,333
3,367
3,614
3,362
3,655
1,320
1,450
1,230
941
1,640
19,100
16,300
18,600
16,100
22,900
358
304
338
286
395
1965..................
1966..................
1967..................
1968..................
1969..................
3,963
4,405
4,595
5,045
5,700
1,550
1,960
2,870
2,649
2,481
23,300
25,400
42,100
49,018
42,869
388
407
649
737
626
1970..................
1971..................
1972..................
1973.................
1974..................
5,716
5,138
5,010
5,353
6,074
3,305
3,280
1,714
2,251
2,778
66,414
47,589
27,066
27,948
47,991
956
681
374
373
629
1975..................
1976..................
1977..................
1978..................
1979..................
5,031
5,648
5,506
4,230
4,800
1,746
2,420
2,040
1,624
1,700
31,237
37,859
35,822
36,923
33,000
415
485
443
438
381
AU STRALIA 4
1955..................
1956..................
1957..................
1958..................
1959..................
1,532
1,306
1,103
987
865
445
428
337
283
237
1,011
1,121
630
440
365
361
390
217
150
121
1960..................
1961..................
1962..................
1963..................
1964..................
1,145
815
1,183
1,250
1,334
603
300
354
413
546
725
607
509
582
911
232
194
158
176
263
1965..................
1966..................
1967..................
1968..................
1969..................
1,346
1,273
1,340
1,713
2,014
475
395
483
720
1,285
816
732
705
1,079
1,958
226
192
181
268
469
1970..................
1971..................
1972..................
1973..................
1974..................
2,738
2,404
2,298
2,538
2,809
1,367
1,327
1,114
803
2,005
2,394
3,069
2,010
2,635
6,293
551
685
445
564
1,301
1975..................
1976..................
1977..................
1978..................
2,432
2,055
2,090
2,277
1,398
2,200
596
1,076
3,510
3,800
1,655
2,131
733
786
350
451
B E L G IU M 5
143
148
115
119
176
339
1,002
948
3,789
408
376
1,471
See footnotes at end of table
Number of
industrial
disputes
Workers
involved1
(thousands)
Working
days lost
(thousands)
Days lost
per
thousand
employees2
BELGIUM—
Continued
UNITED
STATES3
1955..................
1956..................
1957..................
Country and
year
476
1958......... ........
1959..................
43
57
63
123
294
983
116
388
1960..................
1961..................
1962..................
1963..................
1964..................
61
38
40
48
41
19
13
22
18
41
334
92
271
247
444
130
35
101
90
159
1965..................
1966..................
1967..................
1968..................
1969..................
43
74
58
71
88
19
42
38
29
25
70
533
182
364
163
25
189
65
130
57
1970..................
1971..................
1972..................
1973..................
1974..................
151
184
191
172
235
108
87
67
62
56
1,432
1,240
354
866
580
484
411
117
281
184
1975..................
1976..................
1977..................
1978................. .
243
281
220
184
86
107
66
89
610
896
659
982
196
291
214
319
1955..................
1956..................
1957..................
1958..................
1959..................
159
229
245
259
216
60
89
81
111
95
1,875
1,246
1,477
2,817
2,227
466
291
1960..................
1961..................
1962..................
1963..................
1964..................
274
287
311
332
343
49
98
74
83
101
739
1,335
1,418
917
1,581
156
278
285
178
295
1965..................
1966..................
1967.................
1968..................
1969..................
501
617
522
582
595
172
411
252
224
307
2,350
5,178
3,975
5,083
7,752
416
863
641
787
1,170
1970..................
1971.................
1972.................
1973.................
1974.................
542
569
598
724
1,218
262
240
706
348
581
6,540
2,867
7,754
5,776
9,222
970
414
1,075
754
1,131
1975.................
1976.................
1977.................
1978..................
1,171
506
1,571
218
402
10,909
11,610
3,308
7,393
1,313
1,368
387
840
10
A
1,087
875
7
6
7
CANADA6
1,039
803
1,058
333
631
482
DEN M ARK7
1955..................
1956..................
1957..................
1958..................
1959.................
13
98
14
15
23
6
66
6
9
18
1960.................
1961..................
82
34
20
153
61
44
2,308
1,614
3
9
14
Table 186. Work stoppages and time lost due to industrial disputes in selected countries, 1955-79'
Continued
Country and
year
Number of •
industrial
disputes
Workers
involved1
(thousands)
Working
days lost
(thousands)
Days lost
per
thousand
employees 2
Country and
year
Number of
industrial
disputes
Workers
involved1
(thousands)
Working
days lost
(thousands)
Days lost
per
thousand
em ployees2
G E R M A N Y , F.R .10—
Contin ued
DENM ARK—
C o ntin ue d
1962................
1963....................
1964....................
26
19
40
10
7
8
15
24
18
10
16
12
1965....................
1966....................
1967....................
1968....................
1969....................
37
22
22
17
48
14
10
10
29
36
242
15
10
34
56
153
9
6
20
32
1970....................
1971....................
1972....................
1973....................
1974...................
77
31
35
205
134
56
6
8
337
142
102
21
22
3,901
184
58
12
12
2,055
98
1975....................
1976....................
1977....................
1978....................
147
204
228
314
59
87
36
59
100
210
230
129
54
114
120
65
1955....................
1956...................
1957...................
1958....................
1959....................
2,672
2,440
2,623
954
1,512
792
666
2,161
858
581
3,079
1,423
4,121
1,138
1,938
277
125
353
96
163
1960....................
1961....................
1962....................
1963....................
1964...................
1,494
1,963
1,884
2,382
2,281
839
1,270
834
1,148
1,047
1,070
2,601
1,902
5,992
2,497
89
213
151
460
185
1965...................
1966...................
1967...................
1968....................
1969...................
1,674
1,711
1,675
1,103
2,207
688
1,029
2,824
464
1,444
980
2,524
4,204
423
2,224
71
180
295
29
150
1970...................
1971....... ............
1972....................
1973...................
1974...................
2,942
4,318
3,464
3,731
3,381
1,080
3,235
2,721
2,246
1,564
1,742
4,388
3,755
3,915
3,380
114
282
237
241
204
1975............. ......
1976...................
1977...................
1978...................
3,888
4,348
3,302
3,195
1,827
3,814
1,920
(9)
3,869
5,010
3,666
2,187
237
307
218
129
1955...................
1956...................
1957...................
1958...................
1959...................
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
600
52
45
203
22
857
1,580
1,072
782
62
1960...................
1961...................
1962...................
1963...................
1964....................
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
17
20
79
316
6
38
61
451
1,846
17
1965....................
1966...................
1967....................
1968....................
1969...................
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
6
196
60
25
90
49
27
390
25
249
2
1
19
1
12
1970....................
1971...................
1972....................
1973...................
1974....................
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
184
536
23
185
250
93
4,484
66
563
1,051
4
207
3
26
49
1975....................
1976...................
1977...................
1978...................
(9)
(9)
(9)
(9)
36
169
34
487
69
534
24
4,281
3
26
1
206
1355...................
1956....................
1957....................
1958....................
1959....................
1,864
1,781
1,646
1,756
1,800
1,186
1,240
1,117
1,147
1,464
3,497
1,937
3,287
2,606
7,282
400
216
355
278
762
1960....................
1961...................
1962...................
1963....................
1964...................
2,348
3,388
3,532
4,003
3,727
1,754
2,408
2,652
3,398
3,036
1,254
7,880
19,045
10,075
11,328
427
766
1,800
928
1,045
1965....................
1966...................
1967....................
1968............. ......
1969....................
3,061
2,299
2,554
3,272
3,698
2,075
1,690
1,987
4,414
6,752
5,945
13,620
7,294
8,299
35,325
567
1,307
683
763
3,186
1970...................
1971...................
1972....................
1973...................
1974...................
4,065
5,482
4,699
3,676
5,087
3,520
3,452
4,073
5,763
7,396
17,861
10,699
15,591
20,402
15,743
1,560
924
1,347
1,723
1,285
1975...................
1976...................
1977...................
1978....................
3,535
2,645
3,223
2,342
12,920
11,002
12,072
8,115
20,603
18,950
13,364
8,308
1,649
1,503
1,039
628
1955....................
1956...................
1957...................
1958...................
1959...................
659
646
827
903
887
1,033
1,098
1,557
1,279
1,216
3,467
4,562
5,634
6,052
6,020
203
249
287
293
278
52
93
61
44
3
1960...................
1961...................
1962....................
1963....................
1964...................
1,063
1,401
1,299
1,079
1,234
918
1,680
1,518
1,183
1,050
4,912
6,150
5,400
2,770
3,165
216
257
214
106
117
2
3
22
90
1
1965...................
1966...................
1967...................
1968...................
1969...................
1,542
1,252
1,214
1,546
1,783
1,682
1,132
733
1,163
1,412
5,669
2,742
1,830
2,841
3,634
201
93
60
91
115
FRANCE8
GERM ANY, F.R .10
See footnotes at end of table.
477
IT A L Y 11
JA P A N 12
Table 186. Work stoppages and time lost due to industrial disputes in selected countries, 1955-79—
Continued
Country and
year
Number of
industrial
disputes
Workers
involved1
(thousands)
Working
days lost
(thousands)
Days lost
per
thousand
em ployees23
0
1
9
8
7
6
5
4
1975....................
1976...................
1977....................
1978....................
2,260
2 ,5 2 7
2*498
3 326
5,211
3,391
2 ,7 2 0
1*712
131 7
1,720
1*896
1*544
3,621
3,915
6329
5*147
4^604
9,663
2,732
1,356
692
660
8,016
3,254
1*518
1357
Workers
involved1
(thousands)
Working
days lost
(thousands)
Days lost
per
thousand
em ployees2
63
80
37
73
48
22
37
1
5
8
133
213
7
37
14
1960....................
1961....................
1962....................
1963....................
1964.
121
43
24
104
53
76
9
2
26
8
467
25
9
38
44
1965
1966.
1 9 6 7 ..............
1968....................
1969...............
60
20
8
11
28
23
11
2
5
12
55
13
6
14
22
1970................
1971....................
1972....................
1973....................
1974....................
99
15
31
7
14
52
36
20
58
3
263
97
134
584
7
5
11
19
10
(i3)
15
36
3
(!*)
14
236
3
18
12
17
10
17
3.9
1.6
1.6
0.1
1.2
158.8
4.0
53.0
15.0
23.9
31
12
1.5
0.1
18.5
2.1
i
112
M5\
\ /
(i5)
35
134
60
44
48
85
26.7
62.9
7.1
4.3
17.5
155.7
839.0
10.5
11.8
57.6
48
250
3
3
16
16 85
73
35
99
16 16.6
8.7
13.0
8.0
16 44.5
24.7
87.0
37.0
16 12
9
24
10
2,419
2,648
2,859
2,629
2,093
671
508
1,359
524
646
3,781
2,083
8,412
3,462
5,270
180
98
394
163
247
2,832
2,686
2,449
2,068
2,524
819
779
4,423
593
883
3,024
3,046
5,798
1,755
2 ,2 7 7
138
137
258
78
100
2,354
1,937
2,116
2,378
3,116
876
544
734
2,258
1365
2,925
2398
2,787
4,690
6346
127
103
122
207
302
1970....................
1971....................
1972....................
1973....................
1974....................
3,906
2,228
2,497
2,873
2,922
1,801
1,178
1,734
1,528
1,626
10,980
13,551
23,909
7,197
14,740
488
625
1,102
324
664
1975....................
1976.................
1977....................
1978....................
1979....................
65
2
21
6
9
1960....................
1961....................
4.1
351.6
0.4
12
112.4
2,282
2,016
2,703
2,471
2,045
809
668
1,166
1,041
4,454
6,012
3,284
10,142
9,405
2 9 J1 6
269
148
455
421
1,294
UNITED
KIN GD O M 17
SW E D E N 1
1955..............
1956....................
1957....................
1958....................
1959....................
0.2
29.4
0.1
0.4
9.0
1965....................
1966....................
1967....................
1968....................
1969....................
(15)
4
62
1
8
26
7
7
41
1960...................
1961....................
1962....................
1963....................
1964....................
70
26
36
154
2
2
8
11
1955....................
1956....................
1957....................
1958....................
1959....................
16
4
2
4
6
5.0
25.0
34.0
1975....................
1976....................
1977....................
1978....................
153
8
3
12
13
3.5
2.8
1.9
1970....................
1971....................
1972....................
1973....................
1974....................
48
75
2
13
5
10
24
14
1965....................
1966....................
1967....................
1968....................
1969....................
222
88
41
36
2 ,2 3 6
1956....................
1957
195ft
1959
7
1
1Workers are counted more than once if they were involved in more than
1 stoppage during the year.
2 Per thousand persons with paid hours in nonagricultural industries. Days
lost include all stoppages in effect.
3 Excludes disputes involving less than six workers or lasting less than a
full day or shift.
4 Excludes disputes resulting in less than 10 working days lost.
5 Excludes workers indirectly affected.
6 Excludes disputes resulting in less than 10 man-days lost. Excludes
workers indirectly affected by a dispute in their own establishment.
7 Includes only disputes in v o lv in g members of the employers’ federation
in 1956-67. Excludes political disputes and disputes resulting in less than
100 working days lost.
8 Excludes disputes in agriculture and public administration. 1968: May
and June, the period of the national strike excluded.
9 Not available.
10 West Berlin included beginning 1961. Industrial disputes data exclude
Number of
industrial
disputes
1962....................
1963....................
1964....................
120
178
150
128
268
N ET H ER LAND S
1975...................
1976....................
1977....................
1978....................
'
SW E D E N
Contin ued
JA P A N —
C o ntin ued
1970....................
1971....................
1972....................
1973....................
1974....................
Country and
year
478
the Saar in 1955-56. Excludes disputes lasting less than 1 day except
when a loss of more than 100 working days is involved.
11 Excludes strikes in the agricultural sector, political strikes, and workers
indirectly affected by a dispute in their own establishment. Data on hours
lost are converted into working days by dividing by 8.
12 Excludes disputes lasting less than 4 hours and workers indirectly
affected by a dispute in their own establishment.
13 Less than 500 workers involved.
14 Less than 500 days lost.
15 Less than a day per thousand wage earners and salaried employees.
16 Excludes one dispute in agriculture involving 7,000 workers a n d
321,000 working days lost.
17 Excludes disputes not connected with terms of employment or condi
tions of labor and disputes involving less than 10 workers or lasting less
than 1 day,u nless a loss of more than 100 working days is involved.
Includes workers indirectly involved in the establishment, but not those in
other establishments.
Technical Notes
General Economic Data
National Income Accounts
(Covers tables 187-189)
Gross national product
Gross national product (GNP) represents the total
national output of goods and services at current
market prices. It measures this output in terms of the
expenditures by which these goods are acquired.
These expenditures are the sum of four major items:
(1) Personal consumption expenditures, (2) gross pri
vate domestic investment, (3) net export of goods and
services, and (4) government purchases of goods and
services.
The GNP series measures the product of the factors
of production—labor and property—supplied by resi
dents of the Nation.
Personal consumption expenditures consists of the
market value of purchases of goods and services by
persons and nonprofit institutions and the value of
food, clothing, housing, and financial services re
ceived by them as income in kind. It includes the
rental value of owner-occupied houses but does not
include purchases of dwellings, which are classified as
capital goods. Gross private domestic investment con
sists of the net acquisitions of fixed capital goods by
private business and nonprofit institutions; including
commissions arising in the sale and purchase of new
and existing fixed assets, principally real estate; and
the value of the change in the volume of inventories
by business. It covers all private dwellings, including
those acquired by persons for their own occupancy.
Net exports o f goods and services are exports less im
ports of goods and services. Exports are goods and
services sold by the United States to the rest of the
world and are part of U.S. production. Imports are
goods and services purchased by the U.S. from the
rest of the world and are not part of U.S. production.
But imports are included in the components of GNP
and are therefore deducted. Exports exclude transfers
of goods and services under military grants. Govern
ment purchases o f goods and services consists of the net
purchases of goods and services by general govern
ment and of the gross investment of government en
terprises. General government purchases comprises
employee compensation and net purchases from busi
ness and from abroad. They exclude the acquisition of
land, current outlays of government enterprises, trans
fer payments, government interest, and subsidies, as
well as transactions in financial claims.
Gross national product in constant dollars
The GNP is also deflated and expressed in constant
prices. The procedure in general is to divide compo
nents of the current dollar GNP by appropriate price
indexes, utilizing as fine a product breakdown as pos
sible, and then to sum the components to obtain the
constant-dollar GNP.
National income
National income is the aggregate of earnings by
labor and property which arise in the current produc
tion of goods and services in the Nation’s economy. It
is the sum of five major items: (1) Compensation of
employees, (2) proprietors’ income, (3) rental income
of persons, (4) net interest, and (5) corporate profits
and inventory valuation adjustment.
Compensation of employees is the sum of wages,
salaries, and supplements to wages and salaries, such
as employer contributions for social insurance.
Proprietors’ income measures the monetary earn
ings and income in kind of sole proprietorships (in
cluding doctors, lawyers, and other self-employed),
partnerships and producers’ cooperatives, exclusive of
capital gains or losses on inventory or other asset
holdings. The supplementary income which individ
uals obtain from renting property does not appear
here, but under rental income of persons.
Rental income of persons consists of (1) net money
income from rental of real property, (2) imputed net
rental value to homeowners of their homes, and (3)
royalties received from patents, copyrights, and rights
to natural resources.
Net interest measures the excess of interest pay
ments of the domestic business system over its interest
receipts, plus net interest received from abroad. In ad
dition to monetary interest flows, net interest includes
imputed interest arising in connection with the oper
ations of financial intermediaries.
Corporate profits are the earnings of corporations
organized for profit which accrue to residents of this
Nation measured before Federal and State profit
taxes, but without deduction of depletion charges and
exclusive of capital gains and losses and intercorpor
ate dividends.
Corporate profits and proprietors’ income include
inventory valuation and capital consumption adjust
ments, and rental income includes a capital consump
tion adjustment. The inventory valuation adjustment
measures the excess of the value of the change in the
physical volume of business inventories (valued at
average prices during the period) over the change in
terms of book values. This adjustment is made to
profits to remove the inventory profit or loss that
occurs in business accounting when the book cost of
inventories differs from the current replacement cost.
Valuation in current prices of the cost of inventories
used up puts sales and costs on a consistent basis and
is necessary to derive measures of national output in
current prices. The capital consumption adjustment is
the difference between depreciation calculated for tax
purposes and depreciation based on economic lives
and replacement cost. Since the national accounts
measure of depreciation reflects this adjustment, it is
necessary that business incomes also include it as a
counter-entry to keep costs and profits consistent.
The national income is a useful measure of the flow
of earnings from current output. By definition, it ex
cludes capital gains and losses. The movements of this
series correspond with movements in production.
However, the value of the national income series lies
more in the composition than in the total. It may
mean little to know that national income (unadjusted
for price changes) has gone up; but it may be very
important to know the relative contribution of wages
and profits to that increase.
Care must be taken not to interpret movements in
the series as measuring something other than they are
intended to measure. For example, variations in wages
and profits do not necessarily indicate changes in the
welfare of workers or in the ability of corporations to
provide new capital. For such purposes, these vari
ations must be considered in the light of other factors,
such as the cost of living and the cost of new plant
and equipment. It should be recognized that many of
the available data permit only fair approximations of
the phenomena being measured, and therefore too
great a reliance should not be placed on these statis
tics as instruments of precise measurement.
Social Insurance
(Covers table 190)
This table presents data related to the Federal pro
gram for old-age, survivors, disability, and health in
surance (OASDHI) established by the Social Security
Act. This program provides monthly cash benefits to
retired or disabled insured workers and their depend
ents and to the survivors of insured workers. Within
the specifications of the law, retirement benefits are
payable to an aged insured worker; to his aged spouse
or his spouse at any age caring for his child who is
under age 18 or totally disabled; and to his child who
is under 18, totally disabled, or a full-time student
under age 22. An aged worker becomes eligible for
full benefits at age 65, although he may elect reduced
benefits up to 3 years earlier; his spouse is under the
same limitations. Under certain conditions, survivor
benefits are payable to dependents of an insured
worker, including his aged widow or his widow at
any age caring for his child who is under age 18 or
totally disabled; his child who is under age 18, totally
disabled, or a full-time student under age 22; and his
aged parents. Disability benefits are payable to an in
sured worker under age 65 with a prolonged disability
that meets the definition in the act and to his depend
ents on the same basis as dependents of retired work
ers. A lump-sum benefit is also payable on the death
of an insured worker.
Since July 1966, health insurance is being provided
under two coordinated plans for nearly all persons
age 65 and over: A hospital insurance plan which
covers hospital and related services, and a voluntary
supplementary medical insurance plan which covers
physicians’ services and related medical services. Be
ginning July 1973, the same health insurance is pro
vided certain severely disabled persons.
Retirement, survivors, disability, and hospital insur
ance benefits are paid for by the contributions of
workers, employers, and the self-employed on annual
earnings up to a maximum taxable limit. Hospital
benefits are financed out of Federal general revenues
for persons 65 and over with specified amounts of
social security coverage less than that required for
cash benefit eligibility. The voluntary medical insur
ance plan is financed by premiums paid by eligible
persons who choose to enroll in the plan, and by con
tributions by the Federal Government from general
revenues. The money collected is deposited in Federal
trust funds.
Table 187. Gross national product, selected years, 1929-79
[Millions of dollars]
Item
1930
1929
1935
1940
1945
1950
1951
1955
1960
Gross national product......................
103,419
90,700
72,494
99,986
212,330
286,172
330,183
399,266
505,978
Personal consumption expenditures.......................
Durable g o o d s.................................................
Nondurable goods............................................
S ervices............................................................
77,251
9,243
37,686
30,322
69,916
7,166
34,022
28,728
55,764
5,122
29,322
21,320
70,979
7,774
37,017
26,188
119,493
7,961
71,903
39,629
191,966
30,754
98,226
62,986
207,066
29,814
108,773
68,479
253,665
38,621
122,933
92,111
324,903
43,109
151,115
130,679
Gross private domestic investm ent........................
Fixed investm ent..............................................
Nonresidential...........................................
Structures...........................................
Producers’ durable equipm ent..........
Residential................................................
Nonfarm structures............................
Farm structures.................................
Producers’ durable equipm ent..........
Change in business inventories......... .............
N onfarm .............................................
F a rm ..................................................
16,197
14,483
10,451
4,959
5,492
4,032
3,779
175
78
1,714
1,836
-1 2 2
10,249
10,601
8,195
4,015
4,180
2,406
2,208
131
67
-3 5 2
-8 3
-2 6 9
6,400
5,326
4,067
1,234
2,833
1,259
1,119
80
60
1,074
376
698i
13,125
10,942
7,454
2,287
5,167
3,488
3,218
183
87
2,183
1,902
281
10,620
11,654
10,087
2,802
7,285
1,567
1,385
138
44
-1 ,0 3 4
-5 9 5
-4 3 9
53,815
47,026
27,137
9,338
17,799
19,889
18,729
785
375
6,789
6,000
789
59,180
48,884
31,140
11,266
19,874
17,744
16,557
816
371
10,296
9,057
1,239
68,377
62,424
38,317
14,429
23,888
24,107
23,041
634
432
5,953
5,486
467
76,444
72,685
47,703
18,171
29,532
24,982
23,869
584
529
3,759
3,471
288
Net exports of goods and se rv ic e s ........................
Exports.........................................................
Imports.............................................................
1,148
7,034
5,886
1,032
5,448
4,416
128
3,265
3,137
1,725
5,355
3,630
-5 9 6
7,240
7,836
1,898
13,914
12,016
3,838
18,932
15,094
2,218
20,045
17,827
4,372
27,595
23,223
Government purchases of goods and serv ices......
Federal.............................................................
National defense.......................................
N ondefense...............................................
State and lo c a l................................................
8,823
1,441
9,503
1,552
10,202
3,013
14,157
6,077
2,197
3,880
8,080
82,813
74,625
73,502
1,123
8,188
38,493
18,724
13,995
4,729
19,769
60,099
38,322
33,487
4,835
21,777
75,006
44,456
38,446
6,009
30,551
100,259
53,711
44,451
9,260
46,548
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
—
—
—
—
—
—
7,382
1961
7,951
1962
7,189
Gross national product......................
523,292
563,817
594,738
635,743
688,110
752,996
796,312
868,465
935,541
Personal consumption expenditures.......................
Durable g o o d s.................................................
Nondurable goods............................................
S ervices............................................................
344,995
41,573
155,286
138,136
355,217
46,703
161,561
146,953
374,578
51,432
167,067
156,079
400,381
56,320
176,929
167,132
430,154
62,786
188,626
178,742
464,793
67,663
204,685
192,445
490,358
69,646
212,593
208,119
535,932
79,995
230,359
225,578
579,711
85,478
247,036
247,197
Gross private domestic investm ent........................
Fixed investment..............................................
Nonresidential...........................................
Structures...........................................
Producers’ durable equipm ent.........
Residential................................................
Nonfarm structures............................
Farm structures.................................
Producers’ durable equipm ent..........
Change in business inventories.......................
N onfarm .............................................
F a rm ..................................................
74,335
72,143
47,096
18,356
28,740
25,047
23,823
703
521
2,192
1,918
274
85,188
78,683
51,248
19,424
31,824
27,435
26,250
645
540
6,505
5,766
739
90,204
84,241
53,596
19,578
34,018
30,645
29,398
655
592
5,963
5,172
791
96,604
90,806
59,655
21,462
38,193
31,151
29,851
672
628
5,798
6,388
-5 9 0
112,015
102,496
71,252
26,109
45,143
31,244
29,949
608
687
19,519
8,498
1,021
124,477
110,157
81,417
29,237
52,180
28,740
27,375
673
692
14,320
14,480
-1 6 0
120,829
110,730
82,083
29,494
52,589
28,647
27,239
697
711
10,099
9,364
735
131,526
123,821
89,272
31,592
57,680
34,549
33,089
628
832
7,705
7,601
104
146,200
136,828
98,949
35,663
63,286
37,879
36,274
745
860
9,372
9,235
137
Net exports of goods and se rv ic e s ........................
Exports.............................................................
Imports.............................................................
5,806
28,882
23,076
5,378
30,607
25,229
6,295
32,709
26,414
8,948
37,393
28,445
7,591
139,548
31,957
5,060
42,773
37,713
4,937
45,561
40,624
2,280
49,933
47,653
1,753
54,699
52,946
Government purchases of goods and se rv ices......
Federal.............................................................
National defense.......................................
N ondefense...............................................
State and lo c a l................................................
108,156
57,370
46,995
10,375
50.786
118,034
63,738
51,052
12,686
54,296
123,601
64,631
60,296
14,835
59,030
129,810
65,218
49,048
16,170
64,592
138,350
67,268
49,443
17,825
71,082
158,666
78,833
60,330
18,503
79,833
180,188
90,924
71,462
19,462
89,264
198,727
98,019
76,868
21,151
100,708
207,877
97,461
76,272
21,189
110,416
See footnote at end of table.
481
Table 187. Gross national product, selected years, 1929-79— Continued
[Millions of dollars]
Item
Gross national product...............
1970
1971
1972
1973
982,419 1,063,436 1,171,121 1,306,554
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1,412,889
1,528,833
1,702,156
1,899,508
2,127,560
2,368,800
979,070
132,639
408,906
437,525
1,089,867 1,209,968
178,835
157,395
443,923
481,339
549,794
488,540
1,350,762
200,299
530,643
619,820
1,509,800
213,000
596,900
699,800
1974
Personal consumption expenditures................
Durable goods.................... ......................
Nondurable g o o d s ....................................
S e rv ic e s....................................................
618,796
84,931
264,748
269,117
668,171
97,087
277,686
293,398
733,034
111,241
299,347
322,446
809,885
123,714
333,840
352,331
889,603
122,001
376,291
391,311
G ross private domestic investment..................
Fixed investment.......................................
Nonresidential....................................
Structures...................................
Producers’ durable equipment....
R esidential.........................................
Nonfarm structures.....................
Farm structures...........................
Producers’ durable equipment....
Change in business inventories................
Nonfarm......................................
Farm ............................................
140,814
137,039
100,461
37,661
62,800
36,578
35,131
565
882
3,775
3,666
109
159,969
153,615
104,060
39,338
64,722
49,555
47,896
652
1,007
6,354
5,073
1,281
188,275
178,833
116,827
42,543
74,284
62,006
60,281
664
1,061
9,442
8,832
610
219,999
202,092
135,979
49,019
86,960
66,113
64,307
601
1,205
17,907
14,659
3,248
190,919
214,589
201,636
205,663
150,168
150,612
53,783
54,456
96,383
96,156
51,468
55,051
49,478
52,722
930
1,158 l.
1,060
1,171
-1 0 ,7 1 7
8,926
-1 4 ,2 9 5
10,763
3,542
-1 ,8 3 7
243,015
232,977
164,887
57,322
107,565
68,090
65,707
1,062
1,321
10,038
12,087
-2 ,0 4 9
303,250
281,320
189,427
62,632
126,795
91,893
88,816
1,487
1,590
21,930
20,706
1,224
351,465
329,149
221,141
76,528
144,613
108,008
104,351
1,760
1,897
22,316
21,262
1,054
387,200
369,000
254,900
92,600
162,200
114,100
110,200
1,900
2,000
18,200
16,500
1,700
Net exports of goods and services..................
Exports......................................................
Imports......................................................
3,946
62,468
58,522
1,562
65,595
64,033
-3 ,2 9 3
72,656
75,949
7,143
101,556
94,413
6,040
137,921
131,881
20,403
147,267
126,864
7,967
163,317
155,350
-9 ,9 0 4
175,862
185,766
-1 0 ,2 5 9
207,222
217,481
-4 ,6 0 0
257,500
262,100
Government purchases of goods and services
Federal......................................................
National defen se................................
N ondefense.......................................
State and lo c a l..........................................
218,863
95,642
73,537
22,105
123,221
233,734
96,220
70,230
25,990
137,514
253,105
102,126
73,513
28,613
150,979
269,527
102,188
73,534
28,654
167,339
302,657
111,121
76,999
34,122
191,536
338,411
123,058
83,699
39,359
215,383
361,307
129,707
86,433
43,274
231,600
396,194
144,379
93,731
50,648
251,815
435,592
152,590
98,985
53,605
283,002
476,400
166,600
108,300
58,400
309,800
S
o u r c e
:
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
482
Table 188. Gross national product in constant dollars (annually) selected years, 1929-79
[Billions of dollars]
1929
1930
1935
1940
1945
1950
1955
1960
1961
1962
1963
1964
1965
1966
Gross national product............. '
314.6
285.2
260.5
343.3
560.0
533.5
654.8
736.8
755.3
799.1
830.7
874.4
925.9
981.0
Personal consumption expenditu res..............................................
Durable goods...........................
Nondurable g oo d s.......... ..........
Se rvice s....................................
215.6
21.5
98.1
96.1
200.0
17.0
93.5
89.5
188.1
15.4
93.2
79.5
230.4
21.8
119.9
88.7
271.4
14.8
150.3
106.3
338.1
43.4
161.8
132.8
395.1
52.2
185.4
157.5
453.0
52.5
208.2
192.3
462.2
50.3
211.9
200.0
482.9
55.7
218.5
208.7
501.4
60.7
223.0
217.6
528.7
65.7
233.3
229.7
558.1
73.4
244.0
240.7
586.1
79.0
255.5
251.6
Gross private domestic investm ent..
Fixed investm ent......................
N onresidential....................
Structures....................
Producers’
durable
equipment................
Residential........ ................
Nonfarm structures.....
Farm structures..........
Producers’
durable
equipment................
Change in business inventones.................................. .
Nonfarm .............................
F a rm ..................................
55.9
51.3
37.0
20.6
38.6
39.1
30.4
17.4
24.0
21.1
15.5
5.9
44.6
38.4
25.7
9.9
27.8
31.4
27.6
8.3
93.7
83.2
50.0
19.1
104.1
96.3
61.2
25.3
105.4
101.0
66.0
28.8
103.6
100.7
65.6
29.3
117.4
109.3
70.9
30.8
124.5
116.8
73.5
30.8
132.1
124.8
81.0
33.3
150.1
138.8
95.6
39.6
161.3
144.6
106.1
42.5
16.4
14.3
13.6
.6
13.0
8.7
8.1
.5
9.6
5.6
5.2
.4
15.8
12.8
11.8
.8
19.2
3.8
3.5
.3
30.9
33.2
31.5
1.3
35.9
35.1
33.8
.9
37.2
35.0
33.7
.8
36.3
35.1
33.6
1.0
40.1
38.4
36.9
.9
42.7
43.2
41.7
.9
47.7
43.8
42.2
.9
56.0
43.2
41.6
.8
63.6
38.5
36.9
.9
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.3
.4
.5
.5
.6
.6
.7
.7
.8
4.6
4.4
.2
-.5
-.0 5
0
2.9
1.3
1.7
6.2
5.2
1.0
-3 .6
-2 .5
-1 .1
10.6
9.2
1.4
7.7
7.3
.4
4.4
4.0
.3
2.9
2.4
.5
8.1
6.9
1.3
7.8
6.6
1.2
7.3
7.9
-.6
11.3
10.1
1.2
16.7
16.9
-.2
Net exports of goods and services...
Exports......................................
Imports......................................
2.2
15.6
13.4
2.0
13.8
11.8
-1 .1
10.2
11.3
3.0
14.6
11.5
-4 .5
13.5
18.0
4.0
21.7
17.7
4.7
27.9
23.2
5.5
35.8
30.3
6.7
37.0
30.3
5.8
39.6
33.9
7.3
42.2
35.0
10.9
47.8
36.9
8.2
49.1
41.0
4.3
51.6
47.3
Government purchases of goods
and services..................................
Federal......................................
State and local..........................
40.9
7.0
33.8
44.7
8.0
36.7
49.5
14.2
35.2
65.2
26.7
38.5
165.3
233.7
31.6
97.7
47.0
50.7
150.9
86.9
64.0
172.9
90.8
82.0
182.8
95.6
87.1
193.1
103.1
90.0
197.6
102.2
95.4
202.7
100.6
102.1
209.6
100.5
109.1
229.3
112.5
116.8
Item
1967
1969
1968
1971
1970
1972
G ross national p roduct............ 1,007.7 1,051.8 1,078.8 1,075.3 1,107.5 1,171.1
Personal consumption expendi
tu res.................................... .........
Durable goods...........................
Nondurable g oo d s.....................
S e rvice s....................................
1973
1974
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
1,235.0 1,217.8 1,202.3 1,273.0 1,340.5 1,399.2 1,431.6
603.2
79.7
259.5
264.0
633.4
88.2
270.2
275.0
655.4
91.9
276.4
287.2
668.9
88.0
282.7
297.3
691.9
98.1
287.5
306.3
733.0
111.2
299.3
322.4
767.7
121.8
309.3
336.5
760.7
112.5
303.9
344.3
774.6
112.7
306.6
355.3
820.6
126.6
321.5
372.5
861.7
138.2
332.7
390.8
900.8
146.7
343.3
410.8
924.5
147.1
349.1
428.3
G ross private domestic investm ent..
Fixed investm ent......................
N onresidential....................
Structures....................
Producers’
durable
equipment................
R esidential.........................
Nonfarm structures.....
Farm structures..........
Producers’
durable
equipment................
Change in business inven
tories......................................
Nonfarm .............................
F a rm ..................................
152.7
140.7
103.5
41.1
159.5
150.8
108.0
42.0
168.0
157.5
114.3
44.0
154.7
150.4
110.0
42.8
166.8
160.2
108.0
41.7
188.3
178.8
116.8
42.5
207.2
190.7
131.0
45.5
183.6
175.6
130.6
42.5
142.6
152.4
113.6
37.1
173.4
166.8
119.0
38.3
200.1
186.9
129.3
39.1
214.3
200.2
140.1
43.9
215.2
205.5
148.8
48.1
62.4
37.2
35.5
.9
66.1
42.8
41.1
.8
70.3
43.2
41.5
.9
67.2
40.4
38.9
.6
66.3
52.2
50.5
.7
74.3
62.0
60.3
.7
85.5
59.7
57.9
.5
88.1
45.0
43.0
.9
76.5
38.8
37.2
.7
80.7
47.8
46.0
.7
90.1
57.7
55.5
.9
96.2
60.1
57.7
1.0
100.7
56.7
54.3
.9
.8
.9
.9
.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
1.1
.9
1.1
1.3
1.4
1.4
.8
8.7
8.5
.2
10.6
10.3
.3
4.3
3.9
.4
6.6
5.2
1.5
9.4
8.8
.6
16.5
14.2
2.3
8.0
8.3
-.3
-9 .8
- 1 1 .0
1.2
6.6
8.5
-1 .9
13.1
13.3
-.1
14.1
13.7
.3
9.7
8.9
.9
Net exports of goods and services...
Exports......................................
Imports......................................
3.5
54.2
50.7
-.4
58.5
58.9
-1 .3
62.2
63.5
1.4
67.1
65.7
-.6
67.9
68.5
-5 .3
72.7
75.9
7.6
87.4
79.9
15.9
93.0
77.1
22.6
90.0
67.5
15.8
96.1
80.4
10.3
98.4
88.2
11.0
108.9
97.9
17.6
119.9
102.3
Government purchases of goods
and services.................................
Federal......................................
State and local..........................
248.3
125.3
123.1
259.2
128.3
130.9
256.7
121.8
134.9
250.2
110.7
139.5
249.4
103.9
145.5
253.1
102.1
151.0
252.5
96.6
155.9
257.7
95.8
161.8
262.6
96.5
166.1
263.3
96.4
166.9
268.5
100.6
167.9
273.2
98.6
174.6
274.3
99.4
174.9
S
o u r c e
:
12.0
11.2
,
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
483
Table 189. National income by type of income, selected years, 1929-79
[Millions of dollars]
1945
1950
1955
1960
1961
1962
79,708
180,602
236,203
328,020
412,008
424,248
457,366
37,334
36,722
6,527
30,195
612
171
441
52,110
49,860
8,464
41,396
2,250
1,624
626
123,092
117,493
34,902
82,591
5,599
3,805
1,794
154,844
147,026
22,618
124,408
7,818
4,104
3,654
224,907
211,669
36,574
175,095
13,238
6,216
7,022
294,932 303,568 325,098
271,932 279,462 298,043
49,150
52,435
56,308
222,782 227,027 241,735
23,000
24,106
27,055
11,780
12,282
14,017
11,220
11,824
13,038
11,746
4,303
10,654
5,270
12,908
4,464
31,663
12,223
38,355
13,473
42,479
11,259
46,978
11,420
48,256
11,808
49,613
11,872
6,262
-1 1 2
8,764
4,440
-1 3 7
7,443
5,237
33
5,384
4,468
-4
8,444
12,627
-4 0 4
19,440
14,147
-6 7 4
24,882
11,887
-6 2 8
31,220
12,344
-9 2 4
35,558
12,742
-9 3 4
36,448
12,822
-9 5 0
37,741
8,816
142
-1 9 4
6,826
755
-1 3 8
5,538
-5 0
-1 0 4
8,626
-4 5
-1 3 7
19,305
-1 0 6
241
25,062
-1 ,0 9 4
914
30,464
-1 9 8
954
34,158
91
1,309
35,307
-6 0
1,201
36,392
-4 2
1,391
4,910
5,661
-7 5 1
4,367
5,041
-6 7 4
1,754
1,998
-2 4 4
2,662
3,296
-6 3 4
4,604
6,167
-1 ,5 6 3
7,071
9,960
-2 ,8 8 9
11,270
14,750
-3 ,4 8 0
13,758
17,818
-4 ,0 6 0
14,287
18,294
-4 ,0 0 7
15,028
18,984
-3 ,9 5 6
consum ption a d ju s tm e n ts ..............................................................
9,197
5,943
2,620
8,732
19,035
33,661
44,599
46,580
46,901
54,862
Corporate profits with inventory valuation adjustment
and without capital consumption adjustment............
Profits before ta x ...................................................
Profits tax liability...........................................
Profits after tax...............................................
Dividends.................................................
Undistributed profits................................
Inventory valuation adjustment..............................
Capital consumption adjustm ent..................................
10,462
9,990
1,369
8,621
5,801
2,820
472
-1 ,2 6 5
6,957
3,697
842
2,855
5,468
-2 ,6 1 3
3,260
-1 ,0 1 4
3,371
3,598
951
2,647
2,844
-1 9 7
-2 2 7
-7 5 1
9,813
10,013
2,834
7,179.
4,016
3,163
-2 0 0
-1 ,0 8 1
19,158
19,722
10,689
9,033
4,600
4,433
-5 6 4
-1 2 3
37,635
42,600
17,925
24,675
8,803
15,872
-4 ,9 6 5
-3 ,9 7 4
46,698
48,434
22,041
26,393
10,311
16,082
-1 ,7 3 6
-2 ,0 9 9
48,867
48,540
22,696
25,844
12,890
12,954
327
-2 ,2 8 7
48,676
48,586
22,781
25,805
13,347
12,458
90
-1 ,7 7 5
53,709
53,571
23,972
29,599
14,410
15,189
138
1,153
Net interest..........................................................................
4,705
4,921
4,090
3,296
2,208
2,272
1929
1930
1935
1940
National inco m e.............................................
84,814
73,812
56,452
Compensation of em ployees..............................................
W ages and salaries......................................................
Government and government enterprises............
O th e r.....................................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries............................
Employer contributions for social insurance........
Other labor incom e..............................................
51,088
50’460
4,961
45,499
628
101
527
46,835
46,214
5,179
41,035
621
106
515
14,914
6*150
Type of income
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital
co nsum ption a d ju s tm e n ts ..............................................................
Farm .............................................................................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation adjustment and without capital consumption adjustment.............................................................
Capital consumption adjustment...........................
Nonfarm.......................................................................
Proprietors’ income without inventory valuation
and capital consumption adjustments...............
Inventory valuation adjustment.............................
Capital consumption adjustment...........................
Rental income of persons with capital consumption adjustment...........................................................................
Rental income of persons............................................
Capital consumption adjustment.................................
Corporate profits with inventory valuation and Capital
1963
National in co m e............................................. 482,841
Compensation of em ployees..............................................
W ages and salaries......................................................
Government and government enterprises............
O th e r.....................................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries............................
Employer contributions for social insurance........
Other labor income...............................................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital
consumption adjustm ents.............................................
Farm ..............................................................................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation ad
justment and without capital consumption ad
justment.............................................................
Capital consumption adjustment...........................
Nonfarm........................................................................
Proprietors’ income without inventory valuation
and capital consumption adjustments...............
Inventory valuation adjustment.............................
Capital consumption adjustment............................
Rental income of persons with capital consumption ad
justment ............................................................................
Rental income of p ersons............................................
Capital consumption adjustm ent.................................
See footnote at end of table.
342,882
313,385
59,984
253,401
29,497
15,536
13,961
1964
1965
1966
519,204
565,959
622,215
4,765
9,760
11,234
1969
1970
714,418
767,929
796,374
367,957 396,543 439,290 471,915 519,815
336,133 362,005 398,363 427,490 469,536
96,373
64,879
69,860
78,333
86,420
271,254 292,145 320,030 341,070 373,163
31,824
40,927
34,538
44,425
50,279
25,204
16,099
21,032
22,774
16,698
15,725
19,895
25,075
17,840
21,651
571,354
514,570
104,871
409,699
56,784
28,587
28,197
609,150 650,271 715,145
546,453 580,013 633,765
115,972 125,782 137,589
430,481 454,231 496,176
62,697
70,258
81,380
39,424
34,074
30,680
32,017
36,184
41,956
655,805
1971
12,76
1968
' 1967
858,067
1972
951,936
50,342
11,601
52,247
10,279
56,674
12,568
60,306
13,596
60,974
12,080
63,407
12,003
66,218
13,944
65,140
13,932
67,715
14,289
76,138
18,003
12,546
-9 4 5
38,741
11,233
-9 5 4
41,968
13,509
-9 4 1
44,106
14,621
-1 ,0 2 5
46,710
13,235
-1 ,1 5 5
48,894
13,307
-1 ,3 0 4
51,404
15,368
-1 ,4 2 4
52,274
15,293
-1 ,3 61
51,208
15,991
-1 ,7 0 2
53,426
20,013
-2 ,0 1 0
58,135
37,172
-4 5
1,614
40,234
-4 8
1,782
42,658
-1 9 8
1,646
45,344
-2 8 0
1,646
47,471
-2 5 4
1,677
50,359
-4 4 9
1,494
51,315
-4 7 1
1,430
50,739
-5 0 6
975
52,818
-4 4 3
1,051
56,358
-7 4 6
2,523
15,680
19,587
-3 ,9 0 7
16,098
20,070
-3 ,9 7 2
17,117
21,049
-3 ,9 3 2
18,181
22,080
-3 ,8 9 9
19,376
23,384
-4 ,0 0 8
18,624
23,800
-5 ,1 7 6
18,105
24,802
-6 ,6 9 7
18,644
25,782
-7 ,1 3 8
20,108
27,663
-7 ,5 5 5
21,543
29,414
-7 ,8 71
Table 189. National income by type of income, selected years, 1929-79— Continued
[Millions of dollars]
Type of income
Corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital
consumption adjustm ents.............................................
Corporate profits with inventory valuation adjustment
and without capital consumption adjustment..........
Profits before ta x .................................................
Profits tax liability..........................................
Profits after tax..............................................
Dividends................................................
Undistributed profits...............................
Inventory valuation adjustment............................
Capital consumption adjustment.................................
Net interest..........................................................................
1963
1964
1965
1966
1967
1968
1969
1970
1971
1972
59,606
66,989
77,096
82,538
79,261
85,793
81,445
67,891
77,198
92,081
57,553
57,706
26,231
31,475
15,504
15,971
-1 5 3
2,053
64,166
64,709
27,985
36,724
17,325
19,399
-5 4 3
2,823
73,344
75,209
39,876
44,333
19,120
25,213
-1 ,8 6 5
3,752
78,646
80,744
33,658
47,086
19,439
27,647
-2 ,0 9 8
3,892
75,586
77,330
32,480
44,850
20,103
24,747
-1 ,7 4 4
3,675
82,121
85,568
39,408
46,160
21,943
24,217
-3 ,4 4 7
3,672
77,896
83,422
39,651
43,771
22,592
21,179
-5 ,5 2 6
3,549
66,418
71,485
34,477
37,008
22,884
14,124
-5 ,0 6 7
1,473
76,945
81,974
37,710
44,264
22,982
21,282
-5 ,0 2 9
253
89,559
96,156
41,535
54,621
24,597
30,024
-6 ,5 9 7
2,522
14,331
15,913
18,529
21,900
24,279
26,779
47,028
,V — -
1974*
1973
30,807
37,549
42,775
ft-* ■ ’
1977
1976
1978
1973*
1974
1975
1979
National incom e............................................ 1,067,250 1,141,107 1,064,577 1,135,959 1,215,002 1,359,809 1,525,780 1,724,331 1,924,800
Compensation of em ployees..............................................
Wages and salaries.....................................................
Government and government enterprises...........
O th er....................................................................
Supplements to wages and salaries...........................
Employer contributions for social insurance.......
Other labor income...............................................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation and capital
consumption adjustm ents..............................................
Farm ............................................................................
Proprietors’ income with inventory valuation
adjustment and without capital consumption
adjustment........................................................
Capital consumption adjustment........................
Nonfarm......................................... .............................
Proprietors’ income without inventory valuation
and capital consumption adjustments..............
Inventory valuation adjustment............................
Capital consumption adjustment..........................
Rental income of persons with capital consumption
adjustment.......................................................................
Rental income of persons...........................................
Capital consumption adjustment.................................
797,745
700,915
148,598
552,317
96,830
49,281
47,549
873,022
763,062
160,057
603,005
109,960
55,474
54,486
799,194
701,214
148,584
552,630
97,980
49,289
48,691
875,771
764,054
159,978
604,076
111,717
56,113
55,604
931,079 1,037,804 1,156,932 1,304,515 1.459,200
805,872
889,977
983,991 1,103,494 1,227,f f o
175,441
201,310
217,992
233,500
187,906
782,681
993,900
630,431
701,981
885,502
125,207
147,827
172,941
201,021
231,800
109,100
60,079
70,459
81,182
94,562
122,700
65,128
77,418
91,759
106,459
91,742
32,421
85,113
25,629
92,421
32,003
86,247
25,384
86,980
23,471
89,348
18,320
100,155
19,637
116,789
27,698
130,800
32,800
35,068
-2 ,6 4 7
59,321
29,344
-3 ,7 1 5
59,484
34,218
-2 ,2 1 5
60,418
27,902
-2 ,5 1 8
60,863
27,147
-3 ,6 7 6
63,509
22,277
-3 ,9 5 7
17,028
23,965
-4 ,3 2 8
80,518
32,603
-4 ,9 0 5
89,091
38,100
-5 ,3 0 0
98,000
58,853
-1 ,8 3 1
2,299
62,045
-4 ,1 4 2
1,581
60,336
-1 ,7 4 9
1,831
62,871
-3 ,6 3 0
1,622
64,028
-1 ,1 6 4
645
72,245
-1 ,1 9 5
-2 2
81,872
-1 ,2 5 5
-9 9
92,162
-2 ,0 6 2
-1 ,0 0 9
103,700
-3 ,0 0 0
-2 ,8 0 0
21,331
31,089
-9 ,7 5 8
20,965
32,878
-1 1 ,9 1 3
21,564
31,322
-9 ,7 5 8
21,390
33,672
-1 2 ,2 8 2
22,426
36,937
-1 4 ,51 1
22,074
38,251
-1 6 ,1 7 7
24,747
44,225
-1 9 ,4 7 8
25,899
49,308
-2 3 ,4 0 9
26,900
55,100
-2 8 ,2 0 0
91,279
99,064
83,553
95,902
126,811
149,95£
C
O
h-
179,000
93,586
132,119
52,617
79,502
31,075
48,427
-3 8 ,5 3 3
-2 ,3 0 7
97,174
115,758
48,702
67,056
27,792
39,264
-1 8 ,5 8 4
1,890
86,499
126,921
52,375
74,546
30,963
43,583
-4 0 ,4 2 2
-2 ,9 4 6
107,946
120,378
49,811
70,567
31,885
38,682
-1 2 ,4 3 2
-1 2 ,0 4 4
141,335
155,979
63,809
92,170
37,484
54,686
-1 4 ,6 4 4
-1 4 ,5 2 4
161,987
177,141
72,629
104,512
42,108
62,404
-1 5 ,1 5 4
-12 ,03 1
180,805
206,023
85,518
121,505
47,164
74,341
-2 5 ,2 1 8
-1 3 ,1 3 2
194,900
236,600
92,500
144,100
52,700
91,400
-4 1 ,8 0 0
-1 6 ,7 0 0
56,260
70,728
52,334
68,998
78,615
83,772
93,990
109,455
129,700
Net interest........................................................................
‘ S
o u r c e
:
U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis.
485
f
Corporate profits with inventory valuation and capital
100,172
consumption adjustm ents........................... ...................
Corporate profits with inventory valuation adjust
98,564
ment and without capital consumption adjustment..
Profits before ta x ...............................................
117,005
Profits tax liability..........................................
48,234
Profits after tax..............................................
68,771
27,822
Dividends................................................
40,949
Undistributed profits...............................
Inventory valuation adjustment............................ -1 8,44 1
1,608
Capital consumption adjustment.................................
Table 190. Old-age, survivors, and disability insurance benefits by type of beneficiary, 1970-79
Item
1970
1971
1972
1974
1973
1975
1976
1977
1978
1979
*
BENEFITS IN CU RR EN T-P AYM EN T
STATU S, END O F YEA R
Number of beneficiaries (in thousands).....
Retired w orkers................................................
Disabled workers..............................................
Wives and husbands........................................
C hildren............................................................
Widowed mothers and fathers.........................
Widows and widowers......................................
Paren ts.............................................................
Special age-72 beneficiaries.............................
3,227
29
534
27,292
13,927
1,648
3,010
4*307
535
3,366
27
472
28,476
14,555
1,833
3,085
4,516
541
3,510
26
410
29,868
15,365
2,017
3,189
4,687
572
3,656
25
358
30,853
15,959
2,237
3,238
4,776
574
3,770
23
278
32,085
16,588
2,489
3,320
4,972
582
3,889
21
224
33,021
17,164
2,670
3,370
5,035
578
3,994
20
188
34,083
17,832
2,834
3,459
5,078
582
4,119
18
159
34,587
18,358
2,880
3,471
4,938
576
4,212
17
134
35,125
18,970
2,870
3,467
4,794
574
4,322
16
112
$118.10
131.29
59.40
86.51
101.71
103.21
45.22
$132.17
146.52
66.01
95.61
113.17
114.26
47.55
$162.35
179.32
80.72
115.45
137.66
138.95
57.19
$166.40
183.00
81.28
118.20
156.35
140.60
57.21
$188.20
205.70
91.45
134.20
176.05
157.50
63.55
$207.18
225.89
100.03
147.25
192.33
171.86
68.72
$224.86
245.17
108.34
159.77
207.12
185.07
73.24
$242.98
265.19
116.79
173.69
222.00
198.03
77.69
$263.19
288.25
126.16
190.36
238.84
213.95
82.96
$294.27
322.03
141.21
212.56
266.87
238.72
91.24
3,722
1,338
350
436
1,091
112
363
2
30
3,965
1,391
416
451
1,182
117
381
2
25
4,203
1,461
455
478
1,265
118
403
2
20
4,220
1,493
492
478
1,250
119
372
2
15
4,101
1,413
536
451
1,220
109
364
1
7
4,427
1,506
592
499
1,332
116
377
1
4
4,352
1,476
551
494
1,327
114
385
1
3
4,611
1,593
569
543
1,366
119
417
1
3
4,166
1,480
457
477
1,234
110
404
1
3
4,227
1,597
409
471
1,191
110
$123.85
139.79
53.77
86.70
105.82
116.43
45.18
$138.30
156.91
59.64
97.90
117.84
131.03
47.60
$168.90
192.52
72.50
121.09
143.56
163.35
57.69
$169.80
196.68
74.05
122.79
158.72
166.27
57.08
$191.90
217.93
82.23
141.63
179.91
187.03
63.36
$213.00
241.18
90.81
154.98
195.46
203.12
68.41
$236.14
267.59
99.53
168.22
210.08
223.78
72.69
$254.92
294.78
107.20
186.60
220.72
245.74
77.57
$278.44
328.84
119.72
206.81
240.68
272.47
82.23
$316.99
360.25
135.72
214.40
273.36
288.33
91.11
26,229
13,349
1,493
2,952
4 ,1 2 2
5 23
Average monthly benefit
Retired w orkers................................................
Disabled workers..............................................
Wives and husbands........................................
Widowed mothers and fathers.........................
Widows and widowers......................................
P arents..............................................................
Special age-72 beneficiaries.............................
BENEFITS AW AR D ED DURING Y E A R
Number of beneficiaries (in thousands).....
Retired w orkers.................................................
Disabled workers...............................................
Wives and husbands.........................................
C hildren.............................................................
Widowed mothers and fath ers..........................
Widows and widowers.......................................
Paren ts..............................................................
Special age-72 beneficiaries..............................
Average monthly benefit
Retired w orkers.................................................
Disabled workers...............................................
Wives and husbands.........................................
Widowed mothers and fathers.........................
Widows and widowers.......................................
P arents..............................................................
Special age-72 beneficiaries.............................
N o t e : Benefits in current-payment status at the end of the year are those
actually paid for December. Retired workers are persons who received
benefits at ages 62 and over. Workers under age 65 who have a disabling
condition are eligible to receive disability benefits. Children include minor
and disabled children as well as students aged 18-21. Special age-72
beneficiaries are persons aged 72 and over who were not insured under the
regular or transitional provisions of the Social Security Act.
S o u r c e : U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Social Security
Administration.
486
Appendix
Sources of current data for tables in the Handbook of Labor Statistics
Subject and table
number
in
Handbook
BLS monthly periodicals
News
Employrelease ' ment and
Earnings
Monthly
Labor
Review
Current
Wage
Develop
ments
Other
Producer
BLS
CPI
Prices and publi
Detailed
Price
cations
Report
Indexes
Available
Available
from
from other
BLS on
agencies
request
L a b o r F o rce , E m p loym ent,
and U n em p loym ent From the
C u rrent P o p u la tio n S urvey
X
X
4
X
X
5
X
6
X
X
8
X
X
9-12
X
1-3
X
7
X
X
X
X
13-15
16
X
X
17
X
X
18
X
X
19, 20
X
X
X
X
X
21-28
29-32
X
X
33, 34
X
X
35, 36
X
X
37
X
38, 39
X
40-43
44-47
48, 49
X
X
X
X
X
(D
X
(2
)
(2
)
50, 51
52-59
X
(2
)
X
60
(2
)
X
61
X
62-65
X
66-69
(2
)
X
70, 71
X
E m p lo y e e s on Nonag ricultural P a yro lls
From the S urvey of
B u s in e s s E s ta b lis h m e n ts
72, 73
X
X
74, 75
77-81
X
X
X
82-85
X
90, 91
X
92
X
93
X
X
X
86-89
X
X
X
X
X
X
See footnotes at end of table.
487
Sources of current data for tables in the Handbook of Labor Statistics— Continued
Subject and table
number
in
Handbook
BLS monthly periodicals
News
release
Employ
ment and
Earnings
Monthly
Labor
Review
X
Current
Wage
Develop
ments
Other
Producer
BLS
CPI
Prices and publi
Detailed
Price
cations
Report
Indexes
Available Available
from
from other
BLS on
agencies
request
X
E m p lo y e e s on Nona g ricultura l P a y ro lls From
the Survey of B u s in e s s
E s ta b lis h m e n ts — C o n tin u e d
94-96
X
97, 98
X
O th er E m p loy m en t S urveys
99
(3)
100
(4)
101, 102
X
P roductivity Data
103, 104
X
105
X
X
X
(5)
106
X
C o m p e n s a tio n S tu d ie s
(6)
107
X
108
(7)
117
(7)
X
X
118
(7)
119, 120
121
X
(8)
X
(9)
122
X
124
125
X
X
X
126, 127
X
X
X
134-136
X
X
X
138
X
X
X
139, 140
X
128, 129
130-133<10>
P rice s and
Living C o n d itio n s
143, 144
X
X
X
150-153
X
X
141, 142
X
154
X
155-159
160
X
161
X
X
X
v
X
See footnotes at end of table.
102 1
488
Sources of current data for tables in the Handbook of Labor Statistics— Continued
Subject and table
number
in
Handbook
BLS monthly periodicals
News
release
Employ
ment and
Earnings
Monthly
Labor
Review
Current
Wage
Develop
ments
Other
Producer
BLS
CPI
Prices and publi
Detailed
Price
cations
Report
Indexes
Available
Available
from
from other
BLS on agencies
request
U n io n s and
Industrial R ela tio n s
162, 163
(11)
164, 165
X
166
(11)
X
167
X
X
168-172
(12)
(12)
173
(13)
174
(14)
O c cu p a tio n a l
Illn esses and Injuries
175, 176
X
(15)
Fo re ig n L a b o r S ta tis tic s
177
(16)
X
178
X
179
X
180, 181
X
182
(17)
183
X
184
(17, 18)
185
(18)
186
,
X
G e n e ra l E c o n o m ic Data
187-189
(19)
190
(20)
1 Report, Geographic Profile on Employment and Unemploy
m ent Annual.
2 Special Labor Force Reports.
3 U.S. Department of Agriculture, Econom ic and Statistical
Services, Farm Labor Report. Quarterly.
4 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census,
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1
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17 International Labour Office, Bulletin of Labour Statistics.
Quarterly.
18 United Nations, Bulletin of Statistics. Monthly.
19 U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Anal
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20 U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Social
Security Administration, O ffice of Research and Statistics,
Social Security Bulletin. Monthly.
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