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U. S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
CHILDREN’S BUREAU
JULIA C. LATH RO P, Chief
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS. IN THE
UNITED STATES AND FOREIGN COUN
TRIES FOR MEMBERS OF THE MILITARY
FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS
PREPARED UNDER THE DIRECTION OF
CAPT. S. HERBERT WOLFE, Q. M., U. S. R.
DETAILED BY THE SECRETARY OF WAR
MISCELLANEOUS SERIES No, 11
Bureau Publication No. 28
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1917
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A D D IT IO N A L COPIES
OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE PROCURED FROM
THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
■WASHINGTON* D. C.
AT
25 CENTS PER COPY
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S fe » . 7
CONTENTS.
Letter of transmittal........................................................................................................
%
Introduction............................................................................
.
11
Pensions in the United States..................................................................................... 15-26
15
A. Army and Navy retirement................................................’...........................
B. General pension laws..................................
17-20
Disability pensions....................................................................................
18
Pensions for dependents....................
19 ,
C. Service pensions...................................: ...........................................................
20
Tendencies in foreign pension legislation.............
26
A u stria.......................................................................................
33—41
Allowances...................................................................................................
33
Pensions..................................................................
36-41
Disability pensions..........._........... ......... *......................................................
36
Dependents’ pensions..................................
36
Method of payment.........................................................................................
39
Prance.......................................................... ......................................................
42-67
Separation and other allowances for families of officers and men in active
service............................. ..................................................................................... 44-50
Assigned pay.................................................................................................
44
47
Separation allowance.................................................................. . ...............
Maternity benefits.........................................................................................
49
Indemnity for large families..........................................................................
50
Indemnity for dependent children..............................................................
50
Military pensions and disability allowances....................................................... 50-60
Disability pensions......... ........................................
54
Allowances for temporary disability............................................................
58
Pension rights of widows and orphans......................
60
Proposed legislation.........................................................................................
60
Government relief..................................................................
62-63
Immediate relief........................................
62
Permanent relief.........................................................................................
62
Special or occasional relief (secours éventuel)...........................................
62
Other relief.................................................................. . ............. v
63
Guide Barême..............................................................................
63
References.......................................................
36
G erm any................................................................
67-113
Provisions for dependents of men in active service.......................................... 67-72
Separation allowances..................................
67
Assigned pay....................................................
76
Indemnity to families for sons in the Army, Navy, or Colonial Forces.
70
Maternity benefits......... .........................................................
74
Pensions.............................................................................................'
73-113
Disability pensions......................................................................................... 73 -95
Minimum disability pension for a private...........................................
75
Maximum disability pension for a private...................................
76
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CO NTEN TS.
Germany—Continued.
Pensions—Continued.
Dependents’ pensions................................................................ .. .V.
103 109
Minimum war pension for the widow of a private...
1'
97
97
Maximum pension for the widow of a private.......... .........................
Minimum war pension for child of a private— - ....... -Ij i K ----97
Maximum pension for child of a private............................ > .! ...........
98
Maximum pension for a parent or grandparent..................................
98
Sample calculation of general pension for a widow and orphans... • 99
Discussion of formula for a widow’s general pension....................
108
Lump-sum payments..........................................
109
Administration...............................................................................
110-113
Disability pensions........................................................- ......... ...............
HO
Dependents’ pensions................................................
I ll
Lump-sum payments.......................
I ll
Length of service..............................................................
112
References..........................................................................................
113
Great Britain and British colonies.......................................................
113-151
Great Britain........................................................................................................ 113-136
Introduction........... .....................................................
113
Army and Navy separation allowances................................................
116
Army and Navy disability pensions........................................................ 122-130
128
Pensions for officers...............
Pensions to dependents of men deceased in consequence of the war. 130-136
Dependents of officers...............
134
Australia.......................................- ....................................................................... 137-144
Separation allowances.............................................................................
137
Disability pensions.............................................
141
Pensions to dependents of men deceased in consequence of war..........
143
New Zealand............ .........
144-149
Separation allowances...........................................- .....................- .................
144
Pensions for disabled men and for the dependents of men deceased in
consequence of war................ ..................................................- ...............
145
Union of South Africa........................................
149
Principal sources of information concerning the pension systems of Great
Britain and colonies of Great Britain..........................................................
150
Italy............................................................. , .................- ........................................ - - 151-181
Separation allowances................................................................................- -----151
154-181
Pensions........................................... - ...........................................................
History and general statement......................................................................
154
Retirement pensions.........................................................- ............................
156
Disability pensions..........................................................................................
158
Pensions to widows and other dependents:.............................- .................
164
Other sources of maintenance............................
174
Administration.......................................
174
References....................................,..........................................................................181
Netherlands...................................................... - ......................................................... 182-195
Introduction.....................................................................................
182
Separation allowances............................. ........... - ..................................................
182
Retirement pensions and pensions for disability..............................................
184J
Pensions to widows and children.........................................................................
186
Miscellaneous provisions........................................................................................
188
References.................................................................................................................
189
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CO NTEN TS.
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i Page.
R u ss ia ...................................................................................................................... , 196-206
Separation allowances.............................................................................................
196
Pensions..............................................................., ................................................ 197-204
Disability pensions..................
197
Pensions to widows and other dependents.................................................
200
Administration................
204
Official committees......................................................
205
205
References.................................
Switzerland.................................................................._............................................ 206-211
Military insurance................................................................ . . . '_................
206
Civil insurance.......................... *.............................................................
210
Appendixes: Pensions in the United States......................................................... 213-237
A. Present pension provisions for men disabled in service and for widows
and other dependents of men killed or dying in service................... ...
213
B. Monthly pension rates fixed by law for permanent specific disabilities.
215
C. Monthly pension rates fixed by administrative rulings for certain dis
abilities not specified by law .............................................................
217
D. Monthly pension rates for widows or other dependents of men killed or
dying as a result of service............................................. ........... ...............
218
219
E. Army retirement system, Regular Army only....................................
F. Navy retirement system................... .............. ..............................................
221
G. Present provisions for service pensions for survivors of specified wars
and for their widows and children......... .............................
227
H. Service pensions for Civil-War survivors under act of May 11, 1912___
229
I.
. Principal changes since 1860 in pensions granted for disability or death
in service............................................................................................
229
J. Principal changes since 1860 in pensions granted for service in specified
w ars.........................................................................
230
K. Annual disbursements (including Treasury settlements) for pensions to
United States Army and Navy, 1860-1916............................*...........
233
L. Number of widows, other dependents, survivors, and Army nurses on
the pension roll at the close of each fiscal year, 1860-1916..................
234
M. Disability and service pensions (excluding Treasury settlements) paid
to survivors and to dependents—number of pensioners and annual
disbursements, 1860-1916.............................................................................
236
SCHEDULES.
United States:
Schedule 1. Monthly pension rates fixed by law for permanent specific
disabilities................ ...................................................... ...................................
Schedule 2. Pensions under public and special laws, 1911-1916..................
Tendencies in foreign pension legislation:
Schedule 3. Comparative schedule of military pay of enlisted men (lowest
rank) and of separation allowances to their dependents.............................
Schedule 4. Comparative schedule of pensions to disabled enlisted men
(lowest rank) and their dependents................................................................
Schedule 5. Comparative schedule of pensions to dependents of enlisted
men (lowest rank) killed in battle................................................................. .
Austria:
Schedule 6-. Allowances granted for duration of present war and for six
months after its conclusion................................................................................
Schedule 7. Army, disability pensions (annual amounts) to noncommis
sioned officers and enlisted men.......................................................................
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28
31
32
35
37
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CO NTENTS.
Austria—Continued.
Page.
Schedule 8. Navy, disability pensions (annual amounts) to noncommis
sioned officers and enlisted m en...... . . ...................... ............................. .
38
Schedule 9. Pensions (annual amounts) to widows and dependents of non
commissioned officers and enlisted m en............................................... .........
40
France:
Schedule 10. Summary of provisions for the maintenance of soldiers’families.
42
Schedule 11. Military pay..................... .............................................................
45
Schedule 12. Military pensions............................................................................
52
Schedule 13. Schedule of indemnities (annual amounts, renewable or
58
permanent) for temporary or minor disabilities..........................................
Schedule 14. Present and proposed provisions for ascendants......................
61
Germany:
Schedule 15. Pensions for disability or service.................................................
77
Schedule 16. Pensionable salaries of officers of the Imperial Army..............
83
Schedule 17. Pensionable salaries of officers and petty officers of the Im
perial N avy..................................................................................
85
Schedule 18. Pensionable salaries of Army officers and the annual amounts
of pension due them, bonuses not included............................ .....................
87
Schedule 19. Service pensions for noncommissioned officers.........................
94
Schedule 20. Pensions for partial disability for noncommissioned officers
and enlisted m en..........................................................
95
Schedule 21. The general pension to widows and children of officers and
enlisted m en............................
96
Schedule 22. War pensions (annual amounts) to widows and other depend
ents of men dying as result of war...................................................................
100
Schedule 23. Gratuities granted to dependents of officers and enlisted men
dying in the service or while in receipt of pension.....................................
102
Schedule 24. General pension of a sergeant major’s widow................
108
Great Britain:
Schedule 25’. Army, classification of rank for separation allowances............
119
Schedule 26. Army, weekly separation allowance to wives and children...
120
Schedule 27. Army, special weekly allowance for children under 14 years
of age (in addition to ordinary weekly amount of separation allowance
for children)................................................................. .................................... .
121
Schedule 28. Navy, classification of naval and marine ratings for separa
121
tion allowances............................................................................................ — .
Schedule 29. Navy, weekly separation allowances to wives and children..
121
Schedule 30. Navy, special weekly allowance for children under 14 years
of age (payable in addition to ordinary amounts of separation allowance
for wives and children)............. ....................................... ............................
122
Schedule 31. Army, allotment from pay and separation allowance for de
pendents other than wives and children........................................................
122
Schedule 32. Comparative rating of specific injuries for enlisted men in
the Army and N a v y ............................. ............................................................
124
Schedule 33. Army, classification of ranks of enlisted men for purposes of
pensions.......................................... .................................................- ........... - - 125
Schedule 34. Pensions to enlisted men for total disability...................... .
126
Schedule 35. Army and Navy, weekly pensions for children of disabled
enlisted m en............. ....................................................................... ................
127Schedule 36. Army, retired pay to which officers not holding permanent
commissions in regular forces are eligible on accountaol disability............
129
Schedule 37. Army, retired pay to which officers holding permanent com
missions in regular forces are eligible on account of disability...................
130
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Great Britain—Continued.
Page.
Schedule 38. Pensions to dependents of enlisted men deceased in conse
quence of war........... ...................... ..................... ............... .............................
133
Schedule 39. Pensions for dependents of officers deceased in consequence
of war................ ............................................. , ....... „>..............................
136
Australia:
Schedule 40. Australian imperial forces divided into classes on the basis of
daily pay subsequent to embarkation...................... .....................................
138
Schedule 41. Separation allowances for wives and children of members of
the Australian imperial forces.. . . .......
140
Schedule 42. Separation allowances for wives and children of British Army
reservists............................ — ................................ ......... ............ .
141
Schedule 43. Category of disabilities........................ .....................................
142
Schedule 44.Pensions for disability........................................
142
Schedule 45. Pensions to dependents of men deceased in consequence of
war..............................................................................................................
144
New Zealand:
Schedule 46. Separation allowances for wives and children of British Army
reservists................................................................................................................
145
Schedule 47. Classification of ranks for pension purposes............................. ..
146
Schedule 48. Pensions for disabled men and their dependents........... .
148
Schedule 49. Pensions for dependents of men deceased in consequence of
war........................................
148
Union of South Africa:
Schedule 50. Separation allowances to wives and children of British Army
reservists......... . ........................................................ J.....................................
150
Schedule 51. Pensions for dependents of men deceased in consequence of
war.......................................................................
150
Italy:
Schedule 52. Separation allowances.........................................
152
Schedule 53. Army, pay of enlisted men in active service, including yearly
amounts for pay, rations, and allowances............... .....................................
154
Schedule 54. Army, retirement pensions for officers......................................
157
Schedule 55. Fractions to be used in reckoning pensions for officers...........
157
Schedule 56. Disability pensions to officers for injuries incurred in w ar...
160
Schedule 57. “ Privileged” pensions to noncommissioned officers and
other enlisted men disabled in w ar.. ..............................................................
162
Schedule 58. Pensions to widows and other dependents of officers killed in
war, dying of injuries incurred in service, dying in captivity, or missing.
168
Schedule 59. Pensions to widows and other dependents of noncommissioned
officers and other enlisted men killed in war, dying of injuries incurred
in service, dying in captivity, or missing.......................................................
172
Schedule 60. Categories of disability for soldiers mutilated or invalided
175
because of war or other events of service.................................................... .
Netherlands:
Schedule 61. Annual pensions to officers and to their widows and children.
190
Schedule 62. Annual disability and service pensions to noncommissioned
officers and other enlisted m en....................................... .................................
192
Schedule 63. Annual pensions to widows and children of noncommissioned
officers and other enlisted mep..........................................................................
194
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CONTENTS.
Russia:
„
Page.
Schedule 64. Separation allowances to families of enlisted men............. .
197
Schedule 65. Pensions for enlisted men............................................ - ...............
199
Schedule 66. Pensions to widows and other dependents of soldiers or sailors
killed in war, dying in consequence of injuries, or missing........................
202
Schedule 67. Military pay table ..................... - - .....................- - - - - ....... .......
203
Switzerland:
Schedule 68. Military insurance...................................................... ...................
208
Schedule 69. Civil insurance benefits for accidents.........................................
211
DIAGRAMS.
Diagram I. United States Army and Navy. Number of disability pensioners,
number of service pensioners, total number of pensioners, 1860-1916— ---Diagram II. United States Army and Navy pensions. Expenditure for service
pensions and for disability pensions paid to survivors, 1860-1916....................
Diagram III. United States Army and Navy pensions. Expenditure for
service pensions and for disability pensions paid to widows and other depend
ents, 1860-1916....................................................... .....................................................
Diagram IV. United States Army and Navy pensions. Amount expended for
service pensions and for disability pensions, 1860-1916......................................
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LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
A ugust 29, 1917.
S ir : Immediately upon the declaration of war by the United
States the Children’s Bureau began a study of child welfare in the
warring countries based upon such material as could be secured by
correspondence or as was available in American libraries. A corps
of readers and translators is examining the official records, parlia
mentary debates, newspaper reports, and current literature available
for Great Britain and her colonies, Austria, France, Germany,
Italy, Russia, and also for Switzerland and the Netherlands.
Four principal lines of study are pursued: (a) Child labor and
school exemptions, (6) infant and maternity care; (c) delinquency;
and id), dependency. The relation of all these questions to the
living conditions behind the lines is clear. I t is also plain that the
living conditions in large measure depend upon the provisions made
by the respective governments for soldiers and their dependents.
And since the withdrawal of men from the ordinary walks of life
to form a large army must create similar problems here, the question
of what countries offer important suggestions for a system of sol
diers’ compensation in this country becomes at once basic to the
consideration of child welfare in war time.
I t was found that Canada had worked out a system for the care of
soldiers and their dependents in a way to be of particular practical
interest to the United States. Accordingly it was thought best to
make a special study of the care of soldiers and their dependents in
Canada, and the bureau was fortunate enough to secure the generous
assistance of Mr. (now Capt.) S. Herbert Wolfe, a well-known actuary,
of Ndw York City. Capt. Wolfe went to Canada and made the report
on the care of dependents of enlisted men in Canada which was sub
mitted to you on May 26 and which, as was then pointed out, em
bodies elements which have not thus far been brought together in a
complete plan, but which, properly developed in a well-considered
governmental scheme, seem to offer reasonable means for securing
the economic status of the soldier and his family at home.
Upon submission to you of Capt. Wolfe’s report on the care of
dependents of enlisted men in Canada you a t once requested him to
direct the preparation of a further pamphlet showing the legal pro
visions now existing in the United States for the benefit of the mem9
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LETTER OE TRANSM ITTAL.
bers of the military forces and their families. This Capt. Wolfe has
done, and the result is found in the accompanying report entitled
Governmental Provisions in the United States and Foreign Countries
for Members of the Military Forces and their Dependents, which
includes a review of the pension situation in the United States, a brief
analysis of provisions peculiar to foreign countries, and comparative
charts of rates in the United States and 12 other countries. In addi
tion the systems of the United States and all the foreign countries ex
cept Canada are presented in detail.
The material contained in the accompanying report, together
with the report upon the care of dependents of enlisted men in
Canada, has been already utilized in drafting a proposed measure
for soldiers’ compensation in the United States by the Hon. Julian
W. Mack, chairman of a special committee appointed by the com
mittee on labor of the Council of National Defense for that purpose.
The bureau desires to express its great obligation to Capt. Wolfe
for his invaluable services in planning and directing the report;
it is also indebted to the various departments of the Government
which have made available much indispensable information. Miss'
Anna Rochester has been in charge of the report and has had the
assistance of Miss Mary D. Hopkins and the following other per
sons: Miss Marguerite D. Darkow, Miss Lulu L. Eckman, Miss Edith
Rockwell Hall, Miss Anna Kalet, Mr. L. Magnusson, Miss Louise
Moore, Miss Judith Bernays, Miss Louise F. Brown, and Mrs. Marie
Francke Smith.
This report has been prepared under great pressure, and in view of
the desire for early publication certain irregularities in the form of
tables have been allowed to remain.
Respectfully submitted.
JuLiA C. L athrop, Chief.
Hon. W illiam B. W ilson ,
Secretary of Labor.
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GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS IN THE UNITED STATES AND
FOREIGN COUNTRIES FOR MEMBERS OF THE MILITARY
FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
INTRODUCTION.
The Chief
of the Children ’s B ureau .
Madam : In accordance with the suggestion of Secretary Wilson,
made upon the completion of the study of the Care of Dependents of
Enlisted Men in Canada, the following compilation has been prepared
showing existing provisions for soldiers and their dependents in the
United States and the following foreign countries: Australia, Austria,
France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Netherlands, New Zealand,
Russia, South Africa, and Switzerland. The subject is of par
ticular interest at this time, for it will be the part of wisdom to
prepare at this date for the conditions which we know will have to be
met in the near future. Our present pension laws are confessedly
inadequate to meet the situation which has been developed by the
present war, and the great interest of our people in this subject is
indicated by the large number of relief measures and suggestions
which have made their appearance in various parts of the country.
While the general scope of the inquiry was suggested by me, and
from time to time I have supervised the preparation of the material,
it is but proper to call your attention to the fact that the greater
part of the work has been performed by members of the staff of the
Children s Bureau, and credit is due to Miss Anna Rochester and
her assistants for the preparation of this report.
I t was felt that wherever possible an analysis should be made of
the historical facts which would supplement the charts and tables.
The work of obtaining the material for this report began in con
nection with a general study of child welfare in belligerent coun
tries which was being made by the Children’s Bureau because
it was evident that the provision which a country makes or fails
to make for the wives and children of its soldiers and sailors
during the war is a fundamental .influence in children’s welfare.
To the provisions for separation allowances have been added for the
present report the provisions for the widows and children of men
killed in battle and the provisions for disabled men. A brief review
of the American pension system was then undertaken, but it soon
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12
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
appeared that the subject justified the detailed treatment here pre
sented. The provisions in foreign countries are presented as they
are now so far as it has been possible to secure reliable information.
It was felt that the inclusion of additional countries would make this
report too cumbersome without enabling us to obtain any informa
tion which would be of value in the solution of the problem con
fronting: us. In the tables it has been deemed advisable to show the
payments not only in the monetary unit of the several countries but
also, in parentheses, the equivalent in dollars and cents. For the
purpose of conversion the “ Table of values” of foreign countries
issued by the Treasury Department has been. used. The equivalents
are as follows:
. ..
Country.
....
.
Monetary unit.
Krone......................
Franc.......................
Mark...................... .
Pound sterling —
Lira..........................
Florin......................
R uble.......................
Franc..................... -
Value in
United States
money.
$0.2026
.1930
. 2382
. 4.8665
.1930
.4020
. 5146
.1930
It was realized of course that the present values are not those
given, but for obvious reasons it was deemed advisable to use a rate
which was not subject to frequent fluctuation. I t is felt, however^
that attention must be called to the difference in the purchasing
value of money in the various countries, and that factor should be
taken into account when attempting to relate the benefits of one
country to those of another.
The chapter following the analysis of pensions in the United
States which shows the tendencies in foreign pension legislation is
not only of historical interest but has a deeper significance in that it
crystallizes in concrete form the results of the study of the various
problems which have confronted the nations at war in dealing with
the care of the soldier and his dependents. While in this country
the details must necessarily be changed, we can not escape the basic
obligations which other countries have been forced to meet. I t
raises certain issues for which this country will have to be prepared.
In foreign countries eminent experts in all branches of medicine,
philanthropy, and social service have given their best thoughts to
the solution of questions which up to this time have had for us only
an academic interest. Our entrance into the war will carry with it
similar problems, and we must be prepared to find solutions for them.
I t would be a short-sighted policy for us to disregard the investiga
tions that have been made in other countries and we must not be con
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MILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D E P E N D E N T S.
13
tent with any form of pension, disability allowances, or relief measures
which are not based upon the most advanced and liberal ideas.
In order that the provisions of the various countries on any par
ticular form of benefit might be brought together for comparative
purposes, schedules have been prepared (see pp. 28, 31, and 32) which
show the different rates awarded for the same contingencies in the
different localities; it must be remembered, however, th at a com
parative schedule of this kind can deal with only one phase of a
subject which has many modifications and th at limitations must
constantly be borne in mind lest an incorrect idea of the subject be
obtained.
I t is but proper th at I should direct your attention to the great
assistance which has been afforded the investigators not only by the
various departments of our own Government but by the representa
tives of certain foreign governments. Invaluable aid was given by
the officials of the Pension Bureau and of the Library of Congress,
who spared no effort to assist in the location of the necessary material.
To all of these sources are due most earnest thanks, and without
their assistance it is safe to say th at this investigation would have
lacked much of its completeness.
S. H e r b e r t W o l f e .
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P E N SIO N S IN TH E UNITED STATES.
Three types of provisions are made for men who have served in the
Army or Navy of the United States and for their dependents:
A. The retirement systems of the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and
Coast Guard provide with certain marked limitations for officers and
men of the Regular Establishment. Except in the Coast Guard no
allowance is made for an enlisted man who has served less than 30
years. No allowance for widows and children of either officers or
enlisted men who are killed in the service is made beyond a death
gratuity. This is usually equivalent to six months’ pay of the deceased,
although it rises to one year’s pay if he has died in aviation service
and to two years’ pay for the widow of an officer or man in the
Coast Guard.
B. The general pension laws administered by the Pension Bureau
of the Department of the Interior provide for military and naval
officers disabled in the Federal service who are not part of the Regular
Establishment and therefore not eligible for retirement, for enlisted
men who are disabled in the Federal service, and for the widows and
children and certain other dependents of officers and enlisted men
-who are killed in the Federal service, except that widows of officers
and enlisted men in the Coast Guard are not eligible for pension.
C. Service pension laws, also administered by the Pension Bureau,
provide for men who have served in specified wars for specific periods,
and* for their widows and children, without reference to any disability
incurred in the service or to the cause of the death. These include
the War of 1812, the War with Mexico, various Indian wars, and the
Civil War, and the required length of service varies in the different
laws from participation in a single battle to service of 90 days or
more. Women nurses who served in the Civil War are eligible to
pensions after six months’ service.
A. ARMY AND NAVY RETIREMENT.
Officers and enlisted men of the Regular Establishment are retired
with three-fourths of their active pay. Members of the Officers’
Reserve Corps and of the federalized National Guard are not eligible
to retirement. Enlisted men, including noncommissioned officers in
the Army and Marine Corps and petty officers in the Navy, are eligible
to retirement only after 30 years of service. In the Coast Guard
enlisted men who have served less than 30 years may be retired for
disability in the service.
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GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
Officers, on the other hand, in any branch of the Regular Estab
lishment may be retired for physical disability incident to duty
without regard to the length of their service. They may, at the dis
cretion of certain authorities, be placed on the retired list because
of physical disability not traceable to the service, but for such dis
ability they are usually “ wholly retired” with one year’s pay.
Physicians and enlisted members of the Medical Corps of the
Regular Army are on the same basis as officers and enlisted men,
respectively, of the Regular Army. The physician is eligible to
retirement in case of disability incurred in the line of duty. The
enlisted man can be retired only after 30 years of service; for dis
ability incurred in line of duty before that time he may receive a
pension.
Retirement pay depends solely upon the active pay the officer or
enlisted man was receiving, and it does not vary according to the
nature and extent of the disability. For the Army officer who is
retired in good health upon his own application after 30 years of
service, the officer who is automatically retired at 64 years of age,
and the officer who is so seriously disabled in battle th at for the
remainder of his life he requires the constant care of an attendant,
the retirement pay is reckoned on identically the same basis, with
one exception: For the Army officer below the rank of brigadier
general who is disabled in battle the retired pay is increased slightly
as years go by, on the basis of the increases for length of active service^
which are allowed to his rank.
The death gratuity to the widow or other person designated by the
officer or enlisted man of the Army, Navy, or Marine Corps, is granted
only on behalf of a man who dies while on the active list. -No
gratuity is paid to the widow or heirs of either an officer or an enlisted
man upon the retired list. The usual gratuity amounts to six months’
pay of the deceased, but this is doubled if the death is due to an
aviation accident in line of duty.
In the Coast Guard the death gratuity is paid to the widow, or to
the child or children under 16 years of age, or to the dependent
mother of the deceased. I t is granted not only if he has died in
active service but if his death is the result of wound, injury, or disease
incurred in the service. The gratuity amounts to full pay for two
years from the date of death.
No officer or enlisted man who is on the active or the retired list
is eligible for a pension. But the widow or other person who receives
a death gratuity is not deprived of right to a pension if she is other
wise eligible. I t should be noted that the members of the Coast
Guard and their widows are in no case eligible to a pension.
Two apparent exceptions to this general rule that persons receiv
ing retirement pay are not eligible to a pension are found in the
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
M ILITA RY FORCES AND T H E IR DE PEN D EN TS.
17
following provisions for enlisted men, which are administered by the
Army or the Navy although the actual payment is made through
the Pension Bureau. Any man who has seen war service in the
Army, Navy, or Marine Corps and has been awarded a medal of honor
for distinguished gallantry in the face of the enemy receives, when
he attains the age of 65 years, $10 monthly for the remainder of his
life in addition to any other pay or pension.
The second exception applies to enlisted men in the Navy or
Marine Corps and allows to a man who has served 20 years and is
disabled for sea service an amount equal to one-half the pay of his
rating at the time of his discharge. The man who has served 10
years may receive a “ suitable amount” up to a maximum of $8
monthly, with the further limitation that if he is also receiving a
pension his allowance may not exceed one-fourth the amount of his
pension. Both the 10-year man and the 20-year man receive a
double allowance if the disability was incident to aviation duty.1
B. GENERAL PENSION LAWS.
The principle that some compensation was due from the Govern
ment for disability or death had been established by legislation long
before the outbreak of the Civil War. In general, in 1860, the man
totally disabled in service and the widow and children of the man
dying as a result of service were entitled for life to one-half of the pay
-the man was receiving at the time of his injury or death; the minimum
rate for total disability was fixed at $8 a month and the maximum
rate for disabled men and for widows was half the pay of the lieutenant
colonel. The man who was slightly disabled received a pension at a
lower rate according to the extent of his disability.
. In 1862 the minimum for a widow was raised to $8 and the maxi
mum for a widow or a totally disabled man was reduced to $30
monthly. Four years later a supplementary allowance of $2 monthly
was granted to the widow for each child under 16 years of age. The
widow’s scale was again amended in 1886 by raising the minimum to
$12 monthly. For the disabled man a pension based not on the pay
of his rank but on the nature of his disability was first provided in
1864, when he was allowed $25 monthly for the loss of both hands or
the sight of both eyes, and $20 monthly for the loss of both feet.
The list of disabilities for which pension rates were specified was soon
extended and practically reached its present form in 1872. The
rates have been greatly increased, however, since that time. (See
Appendixes B and I.)
During the fiscal year ended June 30, 1860, there were on the
pension roll 11,284 persons and the expenditure for pensions was a
1 For further details of Army and N avy retirement system s see A ppendixes E and F.
10735°—17-----2
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
18
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
little over a million dollars. In 1865, the number of pensioners under
the general law had jumped to 85,986 and the annual expenditure
to $8,500,000. The number of persons receiving pensions be
cause of disability or death in the service reached its maximum in
1891, with 530,174 persons on the rolls and an annual expenditure of
over $104,000,000. Since that time the decrease in number of
pensioners and in annual disbursements for disability or death in the
service has been continuous, although during the year ended June 30,
1916, there were still more than 140,000 persons on this roll and the
disbursements amounted to $30,700,000. The total expenditure for
these pensions from 1860 to 1916 has amounted to almost two and
three-fourths billion dollars ($2,735,635,725.89). The disbursements
to disabled survivors have been more than double those to widows
and other dependents, 70 per cent of the total amount having been
paid to survivors and 30 per cent to widows and others. I t is only
since 1878, however, that the annual disbursements to disabled
survivors have been greater than those to the dependents of men
killed in the service. Year by year from 1864 to 1874, inclusive, the
number of dependents on the roll was greater than the number of
disabled survivors. And from 1860 to 1877, inclusive, the annual
disbursements to dependents were greater than those to survivors.
(See Appendix L.)
DISABILITY PEN SIO N S.
Any man disabled in the military or naval service of the United,.
States who is not eligible for retirement pay is entitled to receive,
upon application, a pension for disability varying in amount from
$6 to $100 monthly.1 For certain permanent specific disabilities the
amount is fixed by law, and the award is made for life. The maxi
mum rate of $100 is granted for total blindness or the loss of both
hands or both feet. Curiously enough, “ disability requiring regular
aid and attendance” is awarded a lower rate—$72 monthly. “ In
capacity to perform manual labor” is rated at $30. The lowest rate
for a specific disability fixed by law is the $24 monthly granted for
u disability equivalent to the loss of a hand or a foot.”
S c h e d u l e 1 .—
$100.00.
United States.
Monthly pension rates fixed by law for permanent specific
disabilities.
Loss of both hands.
Loss of both feet.
Loss of sight of both eyes.
Loss of sight of one eye, the sight of the other having been lost before enlist
ment.
1 Physicians who are serving as a part of the Medical Corps in the new Army but who have not been
part of th e Medical Corps of the Regular A rm y are eligible, not for retirem ent, but for pension, in case of
disability incurred in th e service. The same is true of drivers and other m en who enlist for service in the
U nited States A rm y Ambulance Corps. Female nurses, on the other hand, of the female nurse corps of
the A rm y or N avy are employed and not enlisted and have no pensionable status. Members of the Red
Cross units—physicians, drivers, nurses, or others—although th ey are under Army orders, have no Army
status, and therefore no pensionable status.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MILITARY FORCES AND T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
$72.00.
$60.00.
$55.00.
$50.00.
$46.00.
$40.00.
$31.25.
$30.00.
$24.00.
19
Disability requiring regular aid and attendance.
Loss of one hand and one foot.
Total disability in one hand and one foot.
Loss of either a leg at the hip joint or an arm at the shoulder joint, or so near
as to prevent the use of an artificial limb.
Disability requiring frequent and periodical but not constant aid and
attendance.
Loss of an arm at or above the elbow or a leg at or above the knee.
Total disability in arm or leg.
Loss of hand or foot.
Total disability in one hand or one foot.
Total deafness.
Total disability in both hands or both feet.
Incapacity to perform manual labor.
Disability equivalent to the loss of a hand or a foot.
For minor disabilities rates are scheduled by administrative ruling,
and these vary from $2 to $27. However, the law provides that the
monthly pension may not be less than $6, and when a disability rated
at $2 or $4 monthly occurs alone the pensioner receives the $6 mini
mum. (See Appendix C.) For disabilities which are not permanent
the pensioner is subject to periodical examination, and the pension
may be renewed at a different rate or withdrawn.
With the slight exception noted below, the amount of a disability
pension is the same for all without regard to rank, length of service,
or the number of the disabled man’s dependents. For minor disa
bilities rated at $8 or less in the disability schedule, the allowance is
graded according to rank up to a $30 maximum. (See Appendix D.)
I t will be remembered, however, that officers in the Regular Estab
lishment are provided for through the retirement systems, and are
not eligible to a pension while receiving retired pay.
PENSIO N S FOR D EPE N D E N T S.
The widow of a man killed in the service or dying as the result of
injury or disease in the service is eligible to a pension varying from
$12 to $30 monthly according to her husband’s rank. For each
legitimate child of the deceased who is under 16 years of age the widow
receives, regardless of the rank of the soldier, a supplementary allow
ance of $2 monthly. Marriage subsequent to the close of a man’s
military or naval service does not entitle the widow to a pension
under the general law unless she has lived with the deceased continu
ously from the date of marriage to the date of his death.
The widow’s pension is payable until her death or remarriage,
when it reverts to the children or ceases altogether. If the widow
has remarried and has again become a widow, she is again entitled
to pension provided she is then without means of support and was
the wife of the man on whose behalf she claims pension during the
time of his active service in any war. The law makes the further
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
20
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
proviso that if in the meantime the pension has been paid to the
children and they are still of pensionable age or condition it shall
return to the widow only if the children are in her care.
If there is no pensionable widow, the amount of the widow’s pension
may be paid to the legitimate children under 16 years of age, together
with the supplementary allowance of $2 monthly. (A child born
before the marriage of its parents is deemed legitimate if it has been
acknowledged by the father.) The pension for one motherless child
is from $14 to $32, according to the rank of the father, and for five
motherless children from $22 to $40. No child over 16 years of age
is entitled to a pension unless he is insane, idiotic, or otherwise
mentally or physically helpless; and an older helpless child may not
be pensioned unless he was under 16 years of age at the time of the
father’s death.
For the children and the widow who has not remarried the fact of
the relationship entitles to a pension without regard to their economic
status. The parents or the brothers and sisters of the deceased, on
the other hand, must prove that they are “ without other present
means of support than their own manual labor or the contributions
of others not legally bound for their support.” And in no case are
they eligible to a pension if there is a pensionable widow or child.
The monthly amount, $12 to $30, according to the rank of the de
ceased, is payable to the mother, or the father, or to orphan brothers
and sisters under 16 years of age.1
C. SERVICE PENSIONS.
Service pensions had been granted before 1860 to men who had
served at least six months or until the close of the Revolutionary
War and to their widows and children. In 1862 a law was passed
practically excluding new claims for pensions under these old laws.
The first pension for service in any other war, granted without
reference to disability or death incurred in the service, was granted
in 1871. This applied only to the War of_ 1812. The first Mexican
War service pension was enacted in 1887 and the first Civil War serv
ice pension in 1890.
Since 1890 the monthly rates for service pensions have been repeat
edly raised. They are not, however, uniform for the various wars.
For example, pensions to Civil War veterans under the most recent act
affecting them (May 11, 1912) range from $13 to $30, according to
age and length of service. (See Appendix H.) Pensions to men who
participated in the Indian wars are fixed at $20 monthly. Pensions
to widows without children under 16 years of age range from $12 to
$20 monthly. Children under 16 years of age of men who served at
1
For further details as to pensions to disabled men and to dependents under the general law see
Appendixes A to D .
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MILITARY FORCES A N D TH E IR D EPE N D E N T S.
21 .
least 90 days in the Civil War are eligible to pension, but no children
are provided for under service acts relating to other wars. The rate
for each child of a pensioned mother is $2 monthly; a family of mother
less children receives $12 monthly plus the $2 extra for each individ
ual child. As with pensions under the general law, a “ helpless”
child over 16 is pensionable provided he was under 16 years of ago
at the time of his father’s death. Dependents other than widow and
children are not eligible to service pensions.
Not only have the rates of the Civil War service pensions been
raised since 1890, but the limitations concerning disability or de
pendency have been relaxed. At first a man was eligible to a pen
sion only if he were incapacitated for manual labor, although his
disability need bear no relation whatever to his Civil War service,
and a widow must have been without means of support other than
her own daily labor. Now, however, age without disability entitles
a man to a Civil War service pension, and any widow who was mar
ried before June 27, 1905, to a man who had served 90 days in the
Civil War is entitled to pension without regard to dependency.1
The service pensions for the War of 1812 and the Mexican War
had little effect upon either the amounts paid to pensioners or the
number of beneficiaries. The Civil War service pension act (1890),
on the other hand, raised the total number of pensioners under all
laws from approximately 540,000 in 1890 to 965,000 in 1893.
The rates for the service pension at that time ranged from $6 to
$12 and were higher than those awarded for very minor disabilities
under the general law. It would appear that many pensioners may
have applied for transfer to the service pension roll since the total
number of pensioners under all laws continued to increase until 1902,
although the number of pensioners under the general law declined
steadily and rapidly after 1891, and this rapid decline could hardly
be accounted for by the number of deaths occurring among the
pensioners. Furthermore, the total number of pensioners, after
remaining fairly constant for three years after 1902, began to decrease
rapidly after 1905, while the decrease in the number of service pen
sioners did not begin until four years later and was checked tem
porarily by the passing of a new law in 1912.
The difference between the maximum number of pensioners under
the general law and the maximum number under the service acts is
noteworthy: 530,000 persons received pensions in 1891 for death or
disability incurred in the service; 693,000 persons received pensions
in 1909 for service without regard to cause of death or disability.
The effect of the service pension legislation upon pension expendi
ture has been striking. The total amount paid in pensions from 1860
to 1916 is nearly five billion dollars ($4,946,792,242.90), and more than
1 For fur!her details oi service pension provisions see Appendixes G, H , and J.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
22
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
Humber o f Petitioners
.y
/ i
\
V
r
»
i
i
950.000
900,000
v\
1
1
US. Arm y a n d tfavy
Number of Disability Pensioners
Numbero fService Pensioners
Total Humber o f Pensioners
■
700,000
1860-1916
(Data from Qnnual Report
650000
US. Commissioner o f Pensions,
"
"
Total num ber
d is a b ility pensioners.
mmmmmmjjr/fa/ num ber
600.000
\
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i
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s e rv ic e pensioners.
Total n um ber
p e n sio n ers.
7
f,
/ /
f/
if
flote-. P rio r to 1871, the
num ber o f d is a b ility pen
sion ers was also the to
ta l num ber o f pensioners.
450,000
400,000
/
__1
• 1
1•
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if
if
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350,000
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300,000
•
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100,000
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1865
/
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1870
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1875
1880
/885
1890
1895
1900
1905
1910
1915 , W O
23
M ILITARY FORCES AND T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
Expenditure {or Pensions
by Millions o f Dollars.
f\
9
9
.
8;
•
■
1
•
i
1
1
1
•
•
a
a
U S . Qrmtjond Navy Pensions.
ai
ftfftt
ft
i
Expenditure for Service
Pensions and fo r Disabilitij
- a
Pensions p a id to_
■
\\
i
Survivors.
I8C0-/9I6
a
a
>a
8 \ !
»
1
’ 1
11
Data from Onnual Reports
US. Commissioner o f Pen
\ i
•
sions and Reports in the
••
•
a
a
O ffice o f the U SC udifor
for the Dept, o f Interior.
a
a
a
fo r d is a b ility pensions.
E xp en d itu re
fo r s e rv ic e pensions.
j
/
/
/J
i
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0
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!9oo: 'ms i9io
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
m
\
24
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
¿Lxpsnciitui'e f o r fkn e iors
by
M i/ / ja n s o f D ollars.
two-fifths of this amount, 44.7 per cent ($2,211,156,517.01),1 has been
paid for service pensions. The largest annual expenditure for pen
sions under the general law was the $104,500,000 paid to 530,000
persons in 1891. The largest annual expenditure for service pensions
was the $136,800,000 paid to 627,000 persons in 1914.
In this connection the total number of soldiers and sailors engaged
in all the previous wars of the United States is of interest:2
Revolutionary War...........................................................................
184, 038
War of 1812...........................................................
286,730
Mexican War.....................................................................................
78, 718
. Indian wars........................................................................................
83, 993
Civil W ar.. ........... ......................................................................... 2, 213, 365
Spanish War.......... ...........................................................................
312, 000
Philippines and China....................................................................
146,151
Total. . ............................. ...................................................... 3,304,995
Payments under the service acts were negligible until after the
passing of the first Civil War service act, when they increased from
$1,766,874 in 1890 to $56,133,570 in 1893. When the service pen
sions were increased for the older pensioners in 1907, the number of
1 Diagram IV includes in the amount shown for disability pensions arrears for the years 1886-1890.
See Appendix L.
2 From annual report of th e Commissioner of Pensions, 1905, pp. 520, 579.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
M ILITARY FORCES A E D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
25
Diagram Æ
U. 5. Qrm¿/ and Davy Pansions.
a m o u n t E x p en d ed £ r S ervice Pensions
a n d for D isa b ility Pensions
/8 6 0 - /9 /6
pensioned survivors rose slightly and the annual expenditure, to
survivors only, rose from $57,000,000 in 1907 to $76,500,000 in 1908.
Again, in 1912, the rate was increased and annual expenditure to
survivors rose from $69,500,000 in 1912 to $94,500,000 in 1913.
In the same way the number of widows on the service-pension roll
increased a little more rapidly after the change in the widows’ law in
1908 and the annual expenditure for service pensions to widows rose
from $21,000,000 in 1908 to $32,750,000 in 1909. (See Appendix L.)
The total expenditure for pensions has been so great that the
millions of dollars appropriated by special acts on behalf of indi
viduals are a small percentage of the total. An analysis of the
annual reports of the Commissioner of Pensions shows that from
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
26
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
1861 to 1901, inclusive,1the number of new pensioners added year by
year plus the number of pensioners receiving an increased amount
was 2,837,455 under the public acts and 8,172 under the special acts.
Since 1901, however, there has been a marked increase in the amount
of special pension legislation, so that the total number of persons
affected by special acts from 1861 to 1915, inclusive, had risen to
45,217. Most of the special legislation is concerned with granting a
special rate to pensioners already on the rolls under the public laws.
Since 1901, for example, seven-eighths of the special acts have
granted increases and only one-eighth have added new pensioners to
the roll.
The part played by pensioners under special acts during the last
six years appears more clearly from the following comparison com
piled from the annual reports of the Commissioner of Pensions.
(Similar data are not readily available for the earlier periods.)
S c h e d u l e 2. —Pensions under public and special laws, 1911 to 1916.
Pensions under public laws.
Year ended June 30—
1911..................................................
1912..................................................
1913..................................................
1914..................................................
1915..................................................
1916..................................................
Number
of pen
sioners.
Annual value of pensions.
Total.
869,775 $148,222,880.80
838,210 144,973,569.40
798,184 164,791,688.82
765' 559 160.504.849.26
726,499 154,531,719.78
688,913 147.473.711.26
Pensions under special laws.
Average.
Number
of pen
sioners.
$170.40
172.96
206.46
209. 66
212. 71
214.07
22,323
22,084
22,016
19'680
21,648
20,659
Annual value of pensions.
Total.
Average.
$6,611,357.00
6.584.572.00
6.699.096.00
5.944.484.00
6.640.722.00
6,235,218.00
$296.17
298:12
304.28
302.05
306.76
301.82
TENDENCIES IN FOREIGN PE N SIO N LEGISLATION.
A comparison of these American laws with the provisions for
soldiers' dependents in certain European countries and British
dominions2 reveals various tendencies or types of provision with
which American laws have not hitherto been concerned.
Possibly the most striking difference from American laws is the
almost universal provision for separation allowances paid to the
families of men on active service. In Great Britain and the British
colonies and in Russia an allowance is paid to the wife and children
of every enlisted m an; 3 in many cases this varies according to the
size of the family. Elsewhere such an allowance is granted only in
case of need or, as in Holland, the amount is graded not by the size
of the family but by its economic status. In addition, Great Britain
i July 1,1861, to June 30, 1901.
8
The following countries have been studied and their provisions are presented in the later sections of
this report: Australia, Austria, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, Netherlands, N ew Zealand, Russia,
South Africa, Switzerland. The Canadian system is presented in a separate report published b y the
Children’s Bureau under the title “ Care of D ependents of E nlisted Men in Canada.”
8 E xcept, apparently, Russians who are serving their required term.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
M ILITARY FORCES AND TH E IR DEPEN D EN TS.
27
and the British colonies 1 require allotment to the wife of part of
the pay of the enlisted man. Alone among the belligerent countries
studied the United States is making no allowance whatever for the
families of men in active service;2 the United States permits but
does not require an allotment of pay.
The amounts of the separation allowances vary widely. In Germany, for example, the stated allowance is frankly a minimum,
which may be increased for each community at the discretion of the
local distributive agencies. In fact, it is frequently supplemented
from State or municipal funds. Germany also grades the amount
of the income which a family may possess without forfeiting separa
tion allowance according to the type of community in which the
family lives. Russia gives the cash equivalent of specified food
staples and their cash value is determined for each Province sepa
rately. Practically every country has increased the amount of its
allowances since the outbreak of the war. Where the present
amounts seem small when measured by American standards of living,
it is only fair to remember that a smaller monetary unit goes rela
tively further than its equivalent in American currency.
Both France and Germany have since the war extended to all
wives who are receiving separation allowances the maternity benefits
already provided in the German system of social insurance and in
the French maternity benefit law of 1913. In Great Britain a new
provision of the national insurance act requires that every man who
joins the Army or Navy be insured and his premiums deducted
from his pay. His wife then becomes eligible for a maternity bene
fit of 30 shillings ($7.30) for each confinement. In other ways
also new efforts are everywhere evident to adapt the allowances
and pensions to the actual needs of the situation. For exam
ple, the illegitimate child who has been acknowledged by the
father is now almost everywhere entitled to benefits, and Great
Britain gives the unmarried wife a separation allowance in certain
circumstances, provided the man chooses to allot his pay to her.
In Germany the unmarried woman is entitled to a maternity benefit
if she has already an illegitimate child on whose behalf she is draw
ing an allowance.
1 South Africa, no data on this point except for British Arm y reservists.
2 The U nited States appropriated in 1916 th e sum of $6,250,000 for the care of famiilp« dependent upon
enlisted m en in the National Guard during their service on the Mexican border. The allowance varied
according to the amounts the soldiers had been contributing to their families up to a ma-rimnm of $50
m onthly. (39 Stat. L., 649, 859.)
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
S c h ed u l e 3.—Comparative schedule of military pay of enlisted men (lowest rank) and, of separation allowances to their dependents.
oc
Monthly rate in American currency in—
Germany.
United Austria. France.
States.
$33.00
$0.97
Wife and children:
W ife...
...............
Motherless children:
(»0
Other dependents:
Each subsequent
brother
or
Great Britain.4
Colonies of Great Britain.
or
Soldier. Sailor
marine.
New
South
Aus
tralia.8 Canada.5Zealand.4 Africa.5
Italy.3
MayOct,
N ov.April.
$1.45
$3.78
$3.78
$7.30
$9.12
$43.80
$7.30
$7.30
$1.74
7.20
3.57
5.36
15.90
20.25
24.60
4.35
8.94
10.73
1.79
4.76
7.14
9.52
11.90
14.28
2.38
9.49
16.86
22.13
25.82
28.99
3.16
6.32
12.65
17.30
21. 08
23.19
2.11
10.44
13.22
15.99
18.77
21.54
io 2.77
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
9.84
15.11
18.80
20.91
23.01
2.11
15.37
20.91
26.44
31.97
36.89
4.92
4.63
6.95
9.26
11.58
13.89
2.32
12 7.20
11.55
15.90
20.25
4.35
1.79
3.58
5.37
7.16
1.79
2.38
4.76
7.14
9.52
2.38
7.38
13.70
20.10
26.39
6.32
7.38
13.70
20.10
26.39
6.32
2.77
5.55
8.32
11.10
2.77
20.00
20.00
20.00
20.00
5.27
10.54
15.81
21.08
5.37
5.53
11.06
16.59
22.12
5.53
2.32
4.64
6.96
9.28
2.32
« 4.35
8.70
1.79
3.58
1.79
2.38
4.76
2.38 |
4.35
1.79
2.38
J
4.63
7.50
4.63
1
2.31
[«20.00
(16)
| |
( 17)
Nether Russia.
lands.7
Switzer
land.
$0.39
9 $2.90
(7)
' (18)
'(“ )
K
I All children under 14. Different rates if one child is 14 or over.
8 Imperial forces only. British Army reservists receive pay of British Army; families receive allowance on a slightly higher scale than'imperial forces.
3 Expeditionary force only. British Army reservists receive pay of British Army; their families, an allowance graded by size of family: Wife onlv, 5511.66; wife and 4 children,
$25.78.
4 British Army reservists only. Pay of colonial contingent $36.50; information about allowances not available.
3 British Army reservists only. Information as to colonial contingent not available.
3 The amounts stated are fixed for capitals of provinces or districts. The rates in other communes are slightly lower.
i Families of wage earners in militia or in actual service in first or second reserve. Information as to present pay of enlisted men is not available.
8 In some countries part of soldier’s pay must be allotted to the family.
9 Peace service rate.
10 Only fifth and sixth child; seventh and subsequent receive no allowance.
II Each dependent 8 years of age and over, cash equivalent of 42/100 of a kilogram of beef (according to laws of 1912 and 1873); each child under 8 years, one-half of this amount.
18 If soldier’s parent is head of family, he or she receives $7.20 instead of $4.35; each additional dependent receives $4.35.
13 Amount varies; maximum is $24.12.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
u
governmental provisions eor members oe
Recipients of pay or separation al
lowances.
M ILITA S Y FORCES AND T H E IR DEPEN D EN TS.
to
co
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
30
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
England has recently provided that special allowances may b
paid to enable men to meet financial obligations contracted before
they entered the service for the following purposes: To buy furniture
or real property, to pay rents or taxes, to meet payments on loans or
mortgages, or to pay for children’s schooling. The need for financial
assistance must be proved and the amount paid by the State can
not exceed £104 ($506.12) per annum.
Several countries permit the pension for a partially disabled man
or for the widow of a man killed in service to be commuted into a
lump-sum payment, provided the pensioner can satisfy the au
thorities that this will better serve his needs. Great Britain, again,
and certain of the colonies, make substantial variations in the pen
sions allowed for total disability according to the number of the man’s
dependents.
Practically all countries vary their disability pensions and pensions to widows and other dependents of men killed in service accord
ing to the military rank of the man. Switzerland, on the other hand,
has related her military compensation to her civil insurance scheme
and bases the allowances for disability and death on the man’s civil
earnings up to specified maxima. England allows a disabled man
or a widow to receive, under certain conditions, a pension based not on h
disability but on prewar income. If the enlisted man can prove, for
example, that the disability pension, including the additional allow
ance for children, and his present average earnings amount to les§
than his prewar earnings, he may be granted a pension which, together
with his average earnings, will equal but not exceed his prewar
earnings up to a maximum of 50 shillings ($12.17) a week, and half
of any prewar earnings between 50 and 100 shillings ($12.17 and
$24.33) a week.
The new pension law in Italy and the proposed law in France in
clude detailed categories of injuries which aim to measure the extent
of disability not in terms of military usefulness but in terms of civil
usefulness and earning power. Fine adjustments of the relation of
the injury to the individual’s occupation have not been attempted,
even in Germany. And nowhere are the pensions granted to a dis
abled man lowered or withdrawn if he is able to increase his earning
power by special training.
Various methods have been devised to provide for a disabled man
and his dependents during his reeducation. In Canada the disabled
man can be reenlisted for industrial training, and during the period
of training his family receives allotted pay and separation allowances.
Great Britain and Italy enforce plans for reeducation by withholding
their part of the pension from a man who refuses to undergo treat
ment or training certified as necessary for his interest.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Schedule
A.—Comparative schedule of pensions to disabled enlisted men (lowest rank) and their dependents.
M onthly rate in American currency of pension payable to several classes of beneficiaries in Austria.
Germany.
Colonies of Great Britain.
Beneficiaries.
France.
Soldier. Sailor.
Enlisted man (lowest
grade) whose disabil
ity is equal to—
100 per cent, with
constant need of
attendance............
100 per cent, w ith
out constant need
of attendance___
Dis
ability
pen
sion.
Bonuses
added to
pension.
Great
Britain.
Australia.
Canada.
New
Zea
land.
South
Africa.
$60.84
$47.43
$40.55
Italy.
Nether
lands. Russia.
$25.09
to
$12.06
to
8.04
12.06
to 8.04
Switzer
land.
M u tila tio n
$72.00
100.00
Wife of disabled m an. . .
Each child of disabled
man whose disability
is equal to 100 per
cent................................
$6.08
$6.28
6.08
6.28
$19.30
19.30
31.01
«1.01
$10.72
10.72
bonus
r a n g i ng
• from 12.86
to
6.43
and war
bonus, $3.57
$50.07
28.99
1 $42.16
31.62
40.00
15.81
1.61
5.27 to 2.64
10.54 to 5.27
22.68
36.89
13.18
6.00
40.55
20.27
$9.26
! 70%
7.20
270%
7.91
1 Granted only to unmarried man, in case of indigence; otherwise no increase for need of attendance.
2 Percentage of civ il earnings.
6 mo3n t ^ f t e f £ r o ? p ? e aS 1war!til 6 m onths
close oi the present war- A supplementary allowance varying from $3.04 to $1.01 m onthly is also granted to disabled m en until
M ILITARY FORCES. A N D T H E IR D EPE N D EN TS.
United
States.
05
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
co
to
S c h ed u l e 5 . —Comparative schedule of pensions to dependents of enlisted men (lowest rank) killed in battle.
Monthly rate in American currency of pension payable to several classes of beneficiaries in—
Colonies of Great Britain.
France.
United
States.
Austria.
Normal.
Widow and children:
W idow .........................
W idow and 1 child............
W idow and 2 children___
W idow and 3 children___
W idow and 4 children___
$12.00
14.00
16.00
18.00
20.00
2.00
$2.84
3.65
4.46
5.27
6.08
$6.03
6.03
6.03
6.03
6.03
Great
Germany. Britain.
Excep
tional.
$9.06
9.06
9.06
9.06
9.06
$7.94
11.27
14.61
17.93
21.26
3.33
P er cent.
40
55
70
85
100
10.54
6.47
10.13
2.01
3 2.50
25
12.94
10.13
3.02
3 5.' 00
50
12.00
10.54
6.47
8 .80
8 1.01
3 2.50
25
24.00
24.00
24.00
24.00
$26.35, if
20.24
20.24
20.24
20.24
10.13
10.13
10.13
20
20
35
15
8 10.13
1815
4.76
7.38
9.52
13.70
Each subsequent child. . .
2.00
< 1.22
4.76
6.32
15.81
15.81
15.81
$4.96!
'
$21.08-;
' $10.76, if
$42.16'.
25
20.24
children
8 12.00
1 Percentage of civil earnings.
2 Fifth child only.
3 Rate for largest cities; slightly lower rate elsewhere. See Schedule 66, p. 202.
4 Five or less.
3 Fifth and later.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$2.08
3.09
4.12
5.15
6.18
1.03
21.08
9.06
9.06
father.
Each brother or sister___
$4.02
5.63
6.23
6.83
7.44
2. 60
Switzer
land.1-
12.00
6.03
6.03
'«
$10.13
10.13
10.13
10.93
11.74
.80
Russia.
24.00
1.22
2.44
$28.39
34.84
41.37
47.84
54.31
6.47
Nether
lands.
15.84 to
10.55.
31.68 to
21.10.
15.84 to
10.55.
14.00
f
•{
(
$26.35
34.26
42.16
50.07
57.98
7.91
South
Africa.
$32.00
38.00
44.00
50.00
56.00
6.00
16.00
1
m
(7)
(7)
(7)
(7)
New Zea
land.
$21.08
31.62
39.53
44.80
50.07
5.27
2 children............................
12.00
12.00
12.00
Canada.
$14.49
19.76
24.15
27.67
30.31
2.64
Motherless children:
1 child..................................
Other dependents:
Italy.
Aus
tralia.
9 20.24
8 Third child only.
i For needy, emergency aid granted. See Schedule 14, p. 61.
8 Total for all brothers and sisters.
9 Sisters only.
10 Collective maximum, 25 per cent.
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
Beneficiaries.
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR DEPEN D EN TS.
33
The ages up to which children are eligible to pensions or separation
allowances vary from 12 years for separation allowances in Italy to
21 years in Great Britain for pensions to children of soldiers or sailors
if they are attending school or receiving technical training. Austria
regards as the “ normal age” at which allowances and pensions are
withdrawn 16 years for boys and 14 years for girls. Germany grants
separation allowances only until 15 but pensions until 18 years of
age. The new Italian law gives pensions also until 18.
In general, parents or brothers and sisters are eligible for benefits
only in the absence of both widow and children, and only if the parents
or brothers and sisters were dependent upon the deceased. Italy’s
new law includes a generous definition of this dependency and Great
Britain has added to the dependency provision the alternative that
the deceased son or brother was apprenticed at a recognized trade or
receiving training at school or articled for a profession.
AUSTRIA .1
ALLOWANCES.
Under the law of December 26, 1912/ relatives of a soldier called
to the colors in case of mobilization receive separation allowances
provided they are dependent for their living on the soldier’s earnings.
Persons entitled to the allowance are the wife, children (legitimate
and illegitimate), father, mother, unmarried mother, father-in-law
and mother-in-law, and brothers and sisters. Each dependent 8
years of age and over is entitled to a sum equivalent to the amount
payable for the maintenance of the soldier to the persons with whom
he is quartered during maneuvers in time of peace. A law of 1879,
to which the law of 1912 specifically refers, fixes this amount at
forty-two one-hundredths of a kilogram of beef daily.3 The cash
equivalent is determined annually by the military authorities.
Children under 8 years of age receive one-half the amount allowed
to adults and older children. Dependents who must pay rent in
the soldier’s absence receive in addition a rent allowance equal to
50 per cent of the maintenance allowance. The allowance to depend
ents may not, however, exceed the soldier’s average daily earnings in
civil life.4
1 The Austrian material was prepared by Miss Judith B em ays and Miss Mary D . Hopkins, from the
Reichsgesetzblatt für die im Reichsrate vertretenen Königsreiche und Länder (W ien, Kaiserliche und
Königliche Hof- und Staatsdruckerei). It was not possible to include th e provisions for Austrian officers
w ithout delaying the publication of the report; but these are now being compiled, and information about
Austrian officers can be secured from th e Children’s Bureau.
4
Law of Dec. 26,1912, R . G. B l., 1912, N o. 237, p . 1201; Order of the Minister Of N ational Defense, Dec.
28,1912, R . G. B l. N o. 238, p . 1203.
3 Forty-two one-hundredths of a kilogram equals nine hundred and tw en ty-sis one-thousandths of a
pound.
4 The Austrian private soldier of the lowest grade receives 16 heller a day, or 4.8 kronen (97 cents) a
m onth. (H . Schmid, Handbuch für Unteroffiziere, W ien, H . Schm id, 1916, pp. 542 and 602.)
10735°— 17------3
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
34
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
Allowances are paid during the soldier’s period of active service.«
If the soldier is killed in battle or dies of a disease contracted in
active service, the allowance is continued for six months after his
death.
By an imperial order and an order of the ministry of national
defense, both of June 12, 1915,1 these allowances were extended until
six months after the close of the present war, and were continued to
persons who left active service, and to dependents of the killed for a
period longer than the six months after death, prescribed by the
law of 1912. In the absence of separation allowances the two abovementioned orders provide assistance, until six months after the close
of the present war, also to disabled soldiers and their dependents and
to survivors of soldiers or sailors killed or dying from injuries sus
tained in war. The soldier, if totally incapacitated, receives 180
kronen ($36.47) annually, and the benefit may be increased if neces
sary to secure his proper maintenance. For loss of earning power of
from 20 to 50 per cent and from 50 to 100 per cent he receives 60
kronen ($12.16) annually and 120 kronen ($24.32) annually, re
spectively. The wife of a man drawing an invalid’s allowance receives
60 kronen ($12.16), but her benefit, like that for his total disability,
may, as an exception, be increased. Children, legitimate or ille
gitimate, receive in case of their father’s total disability 60 kronen
($12.16); in case his injuries belong to one of the two lower categories,
36 kronen ($7.29). Parents and grandparents receive 60 kronen
($12.16) each, provided the total does not exceed 120 kronen ($24.32).
The share of wife, children, or ascendants of a soldier who is drawing
the maximum disability allowance may, if necessary to their mainte
nance, be increased; the total allowance together with the disability
pension must not, however, exceed 600 kronen ($121.56).
In case of soldier’s death the widow receives an allowance of 120
kronen ($24.31) annually; each legitimate child receives 12 kronen
($2.43); one full orphan receives 36 kronen ($7.29), but two receive
30 kronen ($6.08) each;' three, 24 kronen ($4.86) each; and four or
more, 18 kronen ($3.65) each. Each illegitimate child, in the
presence of a widow entitled to an allowance and to relief provided
by these orders, receives 60 kronen ($12.16); an illegitimate full
orphan, previously supported by the deceased, receives 108 kronen
($21.88); if there are two orphans, each receives 102 kronen ($20.67);
if three, 96 kronen ($19.45); if four or more, 90 kronen ($18.23).
Boys receive the pension up to the age of 16, girls until they are 14
years old. Sixty kronen ($12.16) each is given to the legitimate
father or grandfather, to the legitimate or illegitimate mother, to
the legitimate father of the illegitimate mother; the total pension
to the ascendants is not to exceed 120 kronen ($24.31).
1
R. G. Bl. 1915, Nos. 161 and 162; or B ulletin of the International Labor Office, Vol. X , 1915, p. 228.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
S c h e d u l e 6. —Austria.
Allowances granted for duration of present war and for six months after its conclusion.1
[Sources: Imperial Order, June 12,1915, Reichsgesetzblatt No. 161; order of Ministry of National Defense, June 12,1915, Reichsgesetzblatt No. 162.]
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in kronen; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
Stipulations.
A . Disabled soldiers (privates and noncommissioned
officers).
1. If loss of earning power in previous occupation=
100 per cent.
2. If loss of earning power, ete.=50 to 100 per cent___
3. If loss of earning power, e tc .= 20 to 50 per cent........
B. Dependents of A .3
1. W ife............................................................................... If husband is receiving benefits under A 1,2, or 3___
2. Child (legitimate or illegitim ate)........................... If father is receiving benefit A 1 ......................................
If father is receiving benefit A 2 or 3..............................
3. Father, grandfather, mother (legitimate or ille If son or grandson is receiving benefits A , provided
gitim ate), grandmother (legitimate or ille
sum total does not exceed 120 kronen (124.32), each
beneficiary.
gitim ate), father of illegitimate mother.
C. Survivors.3
1. W idow .......................................................................... If a man is killed in war, dying of injuries, or missing.
2. Child (legitimate or illegitim ate)...........................
3. Full orphans (legitimate or illegitim ate)............. I f l ............................................................................................
If 2, each.................................................................................
If 3, each.................................................................................
If 4 or more, each.................................................................
4. Illegitimate orphan3................................................. a. If in competition with a widow entitled to a pen
sion as well as to benefit under C 1.
b. If maintained by deceased, but not coming under
C 4, a.
1.........................................................................................
2, each..............................................................................
Sj'each.............................................................................
4 or more, each..............................................................
5. Father, grandfather, mother (legitimate or ille Provided total does not exceed 120 kronen ($24.31)
gitimate), grandmother (legitimate or fileeach beneficiary.
gitimate), father of illegitimate mother.
Amounts
(annual).
180 (36.47)
120 (24.31)
60 (12.16)
Remarks.
Benefit for A1 may, as exception, be assessed at higher
amounts to secure maintenance of incapacitated
person. Annual amount of benefit + invalidity
pension m ust not exceed 600 kronen (121.56).
60 (12.16)
60 (12.16)
36 (7.29)
60 (12.16)
Normal age to which benefits paid: Boys, 16; girls, 14.
Do.
120 (24.31)
12 (2.43)
36 (7.29)
30 (6.48)
24 (4.86)
18 (3.65)
60 (Î2.16)
Normal age to which benefits paid: Boys, 16; girls, 14.
Do.
Do.
' Do.
Do.
Do.
108 (21.88)
102 (20.67)
96 (19.45)
90 (18.23)
60 (12.16)
Do.
Do.
Do.
Do.
Parents shall be considered first, grandparents second.
i Benefits are granted only on application and in case of proved necessity. Granted from .day when legal allowances cease, and if no such allowances are in question, from the
first day of the month following the soldier’s death. Benefits m ust be applied for in writing or orally to the president of the commune where the claimant resides or to the Imperial
representative authority. They shall be paid m onthly in advance.
3 Dependent’s or survivor’s benefits (excepting those of orphans who have claim to an education grant under the military provision act) are conditioned on their having received
essential support from, or having been a t least regularly assisted by, the soldier before his enlistment.
3 The illegitimate orphans get more than the legitimate ones; tins m ay be due to the fact that the regular pension law excludes illegitimate children, and this temporary pro
vision was intended as a sort of compensation for this exclusion.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
M ILITARY FORGES A N D T H E IR D EPE N D EN TS.
Recipients.
36
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS EOR M EM BERS OF
PENSIONS.
D IS A B IL IT Y
P E N S I O N S .1
The basic life pension for disability is graded to length of service
beginning with 10 years. Up to 10 years' service temporary pen
sions are granted for from 1 to 5 years, according to the duration of
military unfitness. After 10 years disabled soldiers receive a life
pension in 12 classes, varying with length of service. If before 10
years a soldier is incapacitated not only for mibtary service but for
wage earning in civil life, be receives the 10-year pension.
To these basic' pensions is added, in case the soldier has been
wounded in battle, or, in time of peace, in active service, the annual
injury bonus varying from 288 kronen ($58.35) for loss of two limbs
or blindness to 96 kronen ($19.45) for less serious injuries.
d e p e n d e n t s ' p e n s io n s .
A widow may receive a pension not only if her husband dies at
any time as a result of war, but if he dies during active service in
time of peace or within 5 years of retirement from injuries incurred
in the service. If the husband at death had legal claim to a pension,
or if, dying in retirement, he was maintained in an invalid home or,
instead, drew a disability pension, the widow is entitled to the
dependent's pension.2
To insure his widow's legal claim to pension the marriage of an
officer or noncommissioned officer in time of service must have been
duly authorized by the military authorities. Widows of privates
draw the pension without regard to time or authorization of marriage
if the soldier died in war or from injury or disease incurred in service.
For the widow of an officer the amount varies from 4,000 kronen
($810.40) to 400 kronen ($81.04) per year, and for the widow of a
private or a noncommissioned officer from 200 kronen ($40.52) to 48
kronen ($9.72) per year.
If a soldier has been killed in battle or has died within one year's
time from injury in battle or fatigues of war, the widow receives as
war bonus 50 per cent in addition to the regular pension. If, more
over, she is destitute and incapable of work, she receives the addi
tional sum of 96 kronen ($19.45) per year.
The widow of a soldier having claim to a civil pension as well as a
military pension draws the military pension only if the soldier died
in military service, but if this is less than the civil pension, the balance
is paid from the civil-pension fund.
1 Law of Dec. 27,1875, R. G. B l. No. 158, p. 335.
2 Law of Apr. 27,1887, R. G. B l. N o. 41, p. 187.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
S c h ed u l e 7.
Austria, Army.
,
Disability pensions (annual amounts) to noncommissioned officers and enlisted men.
[Source: Law of Dec. 27,1875, R . G. B l. N o. 158.]
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in kronen; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
Injury bonus added to pension irrespective of rank
or length of service.
Class III.
Sergeant major;
corporal of rifle
men; artillerysergeant; regi
mental drummer
(infantry); regi
Noncommis
mental trump
sioned officers
eter (cavalry
taking the place
and artillery);
of officers.
battalion bugler
of riflemen; mas
ter of technical
artillery, first
class; armorer,
first class.
Years of
service.
lO L .
12. . .
15__
1 8 ...
21 . . .
2 4 ..
2 7 ..
3 0 ..
.
.
.
216
252
288
324
360
396
432
468
(43.76)
(51.06)
(58.35)
(65.64)
(72.94)
(80.23)
(87.52)
(94.82)
168
196
224
252
280
308
336
364
(34.04)
(39.71)
(45.38)
(51.06)
(56.73)
(62.40)
(68.07)
(73.75)
Corporal; rifle
Section leader,
staff leader; d ivi man; battalion
drummer;
bat
sion trumpeter
talion bugler
(cavalry and
(infantry);
field artillery);
battalion trump squadron trump
eter (fortress ar eter (cavalry and
tillery); armorer, baggage train);
battery trump
second class;
eter (artillery);
gunsmith;
armorer, third
master of tech
class;
squadron
nical artillery,
harness
maker;
second class;
master,
second
master of other
class, except of
army divisions,
technical
artil
first class.
lery.
144
168
192
216
240
264
288
312
(29.17)
(34.04)
(38.90)
(43.76)
(48.62)
(53.49)
(58.35)
(63.21)
120
140
160
180
200
220
240
260
(24.31)
(28.36)
(32.42)
(36.47)
(40.52)
(44.57)
(48.62)
(52.68)
Lance corporal
patrol leader;
first gunner;
assistant, first
class.
96
112
128
144
160
176
192
208
(19.45)
(22.69)
(25.93)
(29.17)
(32.42)
(35.66)
(38.90)
(42.14)
Infantryman,
rifleman; dra
goon, hussar,
uhlan; first and
second gunner;
sapper, first and
second class;
first and second
pioneer; soldier
of medical corps;
waggoner w ith Injuries incapac
baggage train;
itating for mili
driver with
tary service.
army service
corps; company
drummer; com
pany bugler;
company trump
eter; pioneer of
infantry; officer’s
servant; assist
ant, second and
third class.
72
84
96
108
120
132
144
156
(14.59)
(17.02)
(19.45)
(21.88)
(24.31)
(26.74)
(29.17)
(31.61)
96 (19.45)
Class II.
Class I.
Loss of hand or
foot or equiv
alent infirmity.
Loss of two
members, or
blindness.
192 (38.90)
288 (58.35)
act.ive service from wounds in battle or fatigues of war service, mental impairment, epilepsy, blindness, paralysis, injury incurred in servioe, permanent
impairment of health, endemic, epidemic, or contagious disease, if the injured man is incapable of earning his living in civil life, receive the pension before 10 years of service
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M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
D isability pensions granted to—
CO
•q
S c h e d u l e 8.—Austria, Navy.
Disability pensions (annual amounts) to noncommissioned officers and enlisted men.
Os
00
[Sources: Law of June 23, 1891, R . G. B l. No. 91, amending law of Dec. 27, 1875, R. G. B l. No. 158.]
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in kronen; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
Boatswain’s
mate;1 steers
man mate;
Years of serv marine mate;
corps bugler;
ice.
engine mate;
head laborer,
first class;
steward’s mate;
cook’s mate;
mate of med
ical corps;
band mate.
10 s........
12...............
15.. .
18.......................
21............
24............
27...............
30.......................
192 (38.90)
224(45.38)
256 (51.87)
288 (58.35)
320 (64.83)
352 (71.32)
384 (77.80)
416 (84.28)
Quartermaster;1
Steersman,
quartermaster;
marine quar
termaster; en
gine quarter
master; head
laborer, second
class; steward’s
quartermaster;
medical corps
quartermaster;
band quarter
master.
168(34.04)
196(39.71)
224 (45.39)
252 (51.06)
280 (56.73)
308 (62.40)
336 (68.07)
364(73.75)
Seaman, first
Topman;1
class; steerssteersman;
man;
marine;
marine; depot engineer’s
as
bugler;2 engi sistant; stoker,
neer’s assist
first
class;
ant; head
laborer, first
stoker; head
steward;
laborer, third class;
cook;
seaman
class; steward;
of
medical
cook; member
corps,
first
of medical
bands
corps; bands class;
man,
first
man.
class.
144 (29.18)
168(34.04)
192 (38.90)
216 (43.76)
240 (48.62)
264 (53.49)
288 (58.35)
312 (63.21)
120(24.31)
140(28.36)
160 (32.42)
180 (36.47)
200 (40.52)
220(44.57)
240(48.62)
260(52.68)
Seaman, sec
ond class;
stoker, second
class; laborer,
second class;
seam an of
medical corps,
second class;
bandsman,
second class.
108(21.88)
126 (25.53)
144 (29.17)
162 (32.82)
180 (36.47)
198 (40.11)
216 (43.76)
134 (47.41)
Injury bonus added to pension irrespective of
rank or length of service.
Seaman, third
class;1 bugler;3
seaman of
Seaman, fourth
medical corps, class;1 officer’s
third class;
servant.4
bandsman,
third class.
96(19.45)
112 (22.69)
128 (25.93)
144 (29.17)
160(32.42)
176 (35.66)
192 (38.90)
208 (42.14)
84(17.02)
98(19.85)
112 (22.69)
126 (25.53)
140 (28.37)
154(31.20)
168(34.04)
182 (36.87)
Class III.
Class II.
Class I.
Injuries in
capacitating
for military
service.
Loss of hand
or foot, or
equivalent in
firmity.
Loss of two
members or
blindness.
96 (19.45)
192 (38.90)
288(58.35)
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EMBERS OF
Disability pensions granted to—
1 Of deck, artillery, torpedo, and mine service.
2 Can also rank as marine quartermaster, and as such draw disability pension of same.
3 Buglers can stand in a higher pay grade, and in such case draw disability pension for such grade.
4 Can also be seaman, third class, and as such draw disability pension of same.
3
Sailors invalided in active service from wounds in battle or fatigues of war service, mental impairment, epilepsy, blindness, paralysis, injury incurred in service, permanent
impairment of health, endemic, epidemic, or contagious disease, if the injured man is incapable of earning his living in civil life, receive the pension before 10 years of service.
)
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M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D E P E N D E N T S.
39
The widow’s pension lapses at death, remarriage, failure to claim
it, acceptance of a position in Government service, entrance into a
cloister, emigration, or penal sentence.
If the husband of the widow’s second marriage dies leaving her
without pension, she may once more draw the pension she is entitled
to through her first husband.
Children of officers, noncommissioned officers, and privates of a
marriage duly authorized by the military authorities, or children
legitimated by a later marriage so authorized, are entitled to pen
sion if the father died in active service with claim to pension, or, dying
in retirement, was maintained in an invalid home or instead drew a
disability pension.1
Children of privates and noncommissioned officers of any marriage,
regardless of time or authorization, or children legitimated by a later
marriage, draw the pension if the father was killed in war or died of
injury or disease incurred in service.
The total amount of orphans’ benefits may not exceed for an
officer’s children the amount of the widow’s pension; and the sum
total of the family’s pensions may not exceed the amount of the pen
sion received by the officer, if pensioned, before his death.
Each child of a private or a noncommissioned officer receives 48
kronen ($9.73) per year. The amount of pensions paid to the whole
family must not, however, exceed 360 kronen ($72.94) per year.
Full orphans, or children whose mother or step-mother has no
claim to the widow’s pension, receive the children’s pension plus 50
per cent in addition. The sum of these pensions may not exceed
360 kronen ($72.94). Hence, if there are more than five full orphans
the share of each will be 360 kronen ($72.94) divided by their number.
Pensions to children are paid up to the so-called normal age: In
case of officers’ children 20 years for boys and 18 for girls, and in case
of children of soldiers, 16 years for boys and 14 for girls. The pen
sion may cease earlier if the orphan enters a military or naval educa
tional institution, or other public institution at the State’s expense,
is married (if a girl), obtains a salaried position, public or private, is
apprenticed to a trade, etc.
METHOD OF PAYM ENT.
The widow’s and orphan’s pension is paid monthly in advance,
beginning with the first day of the first month after the soldier’s
death. The children’s pensions are paid to the mother or step
mother, or, if there is no such, to the guardian.
The disability pension is paid monthly in advance beginning the
first day of the month after the issuing of the retirement order.
i Law of Apr. 27,1887, No. 41, R. G. B l. 1887, p. 187.
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S c h ed u l e 9.—Austria.
Pensions (annual amounts) to widows and dependents of noncommissioned officers and enlisted men.
^
[Source: Law of Apr. 27, 1887, R . G. Bl. No. 41; law of Mar. 28,1896, R . G. B l. N o. 158.]
[Amounts outside of parentheses are given in kronen; amounts inside of parentheses are given in dollars.]
Beneficiaries and stip
ulations.
First boatswain
midshipman.
Normal
pension.
WIDOW
Special
war pen
sion.
Pension to depend
ents of privates.
Sergeant major.
Normal
pension.
Special
war pen
sion.
Sergeant.
Normal
pension.
Special
war pen
sion.
Section leader.
Normal
pension.
Special
war pen
sion.
Corporal.
Normal
pension.
Special
war pen
sion.
Lance corporal.
Normal
pension.
Special
war pen
sion.
Normal
pension.
Special
war pen
sion.
.1
a. Of soldier dying of
injury or disease
incurred in serv
ice, disease con
tracted in hospi
tal du ty, or fa
tigues of war; or
in active service
in peace dying of
injuries incurred
in service w ithin
lim it of five years. 200(40.52)
b. Of soldier killed in
war, or dying
w ithin one year
from injury in
battle or fatigues
c. As in b. if widow is
destitute and in»
EACH CHILD
.23
Legitimate or legiti
mated b y later mar
riage of soldier dying
under conditions a
or b:
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
120(24.31)
160(32.42)
48(9.73)
64(12.97)
80(16.21)
96(19.45)
300(60. 78)
240(48.62)
180(36.47)
144(29.17)
120(24.31)
96(19.45)
72(14.69)
396(80.23) ...................
336(68.07)
276(55.92)
240(48.62)
216(43.76)
192(38.90)
168(34.04)
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
Pension to dependents of noncommissioned officers of grades corresponding to—
I
Girls up to 14 years
of age.......... .........
B o y s” up tci 16 1 48(9.73)
years of age.........
EACH FULL ORPHAN
48(9.73)
48(9.73)
48(9.73)
48(9.73)
72(14.59)
72(14.59)
72(14.59)
72(14.59)
48(9. 73)
48(9.73)
48(9.73)
48(9.73)
48(9.73)
48(9.73)
48(9.73)
48(9.73)
48(9.73)
72(14.59) 72(14.59)
72(14.59)
.4
Girls up to 14
years of age........
Boys up to 16 | 72(14.59)
years of a g e........
72(14.59) 72(14.59)
72(14.59) 72(14.59)
72(14.59) 72(14.59)
wido w of a noncommissioned officer is entitled to pension if her marriage, during service, took place w ith due military authorization, and her husband at the tim e of his
death had claim to a pension, was maintained m an invalid home, or instead drew a disability pension. The widow of a private soldier dying under the circumstances a, b, or c
draws the pension regardless of authOTization or tim e ofm am age. On remarriage the widow forfeits her pension, but receives a lump sum equal to one year’s paym ent.
•j 1
of noncommissioned officers o fa duly authorized marriage which would establish claim to a widow ’s pension, or children legitimated b y a later marriage of the parents,
provided the father dying in active service had claim to a pension, or dying in retirement was maintained in an invalid home, or instead drew a disability pension, are entitled to
the orphan s pension. Children of noncommissioned officers dying under the circumstances a or b draw pension regardless of tim e or authorization of marriage. Children of privates
of any marriage or children legitimated by a subsequent marriage are entitled to the pension.
^
1
/••wwwv6
widow’s and children’s pension m ay not exceed 360 k. ($72.94). In case of its so doing each child receives its proportional share of the difference between 360 k.
($72.94) and the widow’s pension.
4 The sum of the pensions paid to full orphans m ust not exceed 360k. ($72.94). Hence, if there are more than five orphans, and x = number of orphans, each receives
k or $72.94.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR DEPEND ENTS,
Or orphan whose
m o t h e r or s t e p
mother had no claim
to widow’s pension.
S c h e d u l e 10. —France.
Classes eligible as recipients.
Sources of assistance.
Separation allow ance4.
O f military pa y:1
(1) W ives, descendants, or ascendants of officers
(and equivalent grades) and of noncommissioned
officers (and equivalent grades) who assign volun
tarily.
, ,
(2) W ives, descendants, or ascendants of mobilized
officers and noncommissioned officers, who, upon
mobilization, failed to exercise their right of volun
tary assignment of pay. (Law Oct. 9,1914.)
O f civil pay:
The families of mobilized men, who before mobili
zation, were civil officials or employees, and who
continue to draw their civil salaries as a whole or in
part.2 (Law Apr. 5,1914.)
(1) Needy fam ilies 6 whose breadwinners have been
called or recalled to the colors, either in army or navy.
(Law Aug. 5,1914.)
(2) Families of the same status living in the French
colonies. (Decree Sept. 15,1914.)
(3) N eedy families whose breadwinners have been
recalled to the English, Belgian, Russian, or Serbian
colors, or who have been permitted to enlist in the
French Army (but first deduction is made of amounts
paid by other countries). (Decree Aug. 14,1914.)
(4) Needy families cf French citizens living abroad,
who have been recalled to the colors. (Decree Aug. 14,
1914)
(5) Needy families of certain State employees and
workmen, and certain military persons retained in
military establishments or in workshops in civil in
dustry (instead of their salaries under certain condi
tions). (Decree June 12,1915.)
(6) Needy families of merchant seamen who have
lost their wages as a result of the capture or destruction
of their ships. (Law Apr. 9,1915.)
(7) All needy French families residing in France,
whose breadwinner—not a soldier— is, without fault
of his own, a victim of a circumstance of war suffered
on French soil or in a region occupied by the French
Army.6 (Law Apr. 28,1916.)
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Amount of allowance.
Notes.
1 See schedule of military pay, p. 45. The amounts
assignable vary from 832 francs 50 centimes ($160.67)
a month for a division general, to 13 francs 8 centimes
($2.66) (minimum) for a sergeant.
2 Employees who would not be provided in the arm y'
(2) One-half the military pay (assigned
b y official
authorization.)3
(Law w ith the grade either of officer or noncommissioned
officer at a m onthly salary, draw their full civil salary
Oct. 9,1914.)
in addition to their military pay. Those provided
w ith the above-mentioned grades draw the difference
The whole or any part of the salary between the civil and military p ay, if the civil pay is
drawn (by voluntary assignment). (Law higher, but no civil pay if the military pay is higher.
3 The soldier m ust be notified at once of the official
Aug. 5,1914.)
assignment, and if he objects and states his objections
in writing to his commanding chief or to the subintendant in charge of the pay roll, the assignment
stops.
4 Those whose regular salaries are continued during
the war can not draw the separation allowance. (Min.
circ. Oct. 10, 1914.)
5 “ N eed y” families are described as those “ whom
the absence of one of their members has been deprived
A fixed allowance of 1 franc 25 centimes of th e necessary means of existence.” Specially ex
($0.24) daily to the family dependent cluded are those families “ whose means of existence
upon th e soldier for support.7 (Law have been reduced but remain sufficient.” (Inter
Aug. 7,1913.)
ministerial circ. Aug. 23,1914.)
An additional allowance of 75 centimes
6 If victim has dependents he receives th e allowance
($0.15) a d a y 8 for each child under 16,“ and additional allowances specified in law of Aug. 5,
dependent upon the breadwinner 1914, for the fam ilies of soldiers. If he has no depend
whether his own or not, and for each ents he receives personally the chief allowance granted
ascendant who, before mobilization, to the head of the family. (Law Apr. 28,1916.)
was dependent upon the breadwinner.
7 Any one is eligible to receive th e allowance who is
(Law Mar. 31,1917.)
by law, or even in fact alone, the recognized responsi
ble head of the family. B u t only one allowance m ay
be drawn by the family no m atter how many bread- ‘
winners it m ay have sent to the colors. (Decree Aug.
23,1914.)
8 R ecently raised from 50 centimes (9.7 cents), the
amount fixed by law of Aug. 7,1913.
9 The allowance for a newly-born child dates f rom
the day of its birth. (Decree Aug. 4,1914.) A bill of
(1) One-half the military pay of the
grade held at tim e of departure. (Decree
Jan. 10,1912, art. 18.)
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
Assigned p a y .
Summary of provisions for the maintenance of soldiers’families.
N eedy families having more than 3 children, legiti
mate or acknowledged, dependent on them , receive
aid as follows:
For every child under 13 in excess of 3, under 13,11
(if father and mother living and caring for them
together).
For every child under 13 in excess of 1 under 13,11
(if mother is left alone).
For every child under 13 in excess of 2 under 13,11
(if father is left alone). (Law July 14,1913.)
I n d e m n i t y for de
pendent children.
Officers of the army to the grade of major, military
employees, noncommissioned officers, corporals, sol
diers serving beyond the legal tim e, members of the
gendarmerie who have more than 2 children legally
dependent on them .12
Corresponding grades in th e navy (corvette captains
to seamen serving beyond the required term of serv
ice). (Decree Dec. 15, 1914.)
During hostilities paym ent m ay be officially as
signed to the wife or person having charge of children.10
(Law Oct. 5,1915.)
Maternity benefit m___
(1) All French women, pregnant, benefiting by the
separation allowance, even if not habitually working
in a paid position.
(2) A ll French _women, pregnant, from invaded
districts, benefiting by the allowances given to
refugees. (Law Jan. 23,1917.)
Military pensions 10........
(1) Soldiers retired for length of service.......................
(2) Soldiers retired on account of wounds or disabilities received during service.
(3) W idows or orphans of soldiers killed under the
colors, or dying from wounds or disabilities received
iu service. (Law Apr. l l , 1831.)
60 francs ($11.58) (m inimum) to 90
francs ($17.37) (m axim um ) yearly for
each child, according to the fixed rate
decided upon for each commune.
A t the discretion of the authorities the
allowance m ay be partly or entirely paid
in rent or in kind, through the local
bureau of public charities.
N ov. 18, 1915, proposing to grant a supplementary
allowance for an unborn child from the fourth month
of pregnancy, shown by a physician’s certificate, was
not passed. (J. O. dep. doc. pari., 1915, N o. 1458,
p. 1281.)
10 The service is administered by the prefects w ith
the supervision of the minister of the interior and the
cooperation of the municipal councils.
“ Counted as equivalent to children under 13 are
children from 13 to 16 placed out under certain con
ditions on w ritten contract of apprenticeship. (Law
July 14,1913.)
12 N ot included under this allowance are children
attending a state institution without paying board;
50 francs ($9.65) every 3 months for those holding a scholarship or an equivalent state
each child in excess of 2 (of whatever benefit.
13 In case of official assignment of the indem nity to
age) who is under 16 years of age and
those having charge of the children the soldier can
legally dependent.
enter no objection. (Law Oct. 5,1915.)
M1“ its original form (law July 17,1913), this allow
ance was granted only to ‘"'needy French women who
nabitually work outside their ow n homes in a paid
position as factory worker, employee, or domestic.”
r From 50 centimes ($0.10) (minimum)
15 One who is also eligible to draw th e civil pension
to 1 franc 50 centimes ($0.29) (maximum) (as m the case of a civil employee who has been called
daily for the period im m ediately before to the colors) may renounce the military and draw the
and imm ediately after confinement, not civil pension if it is to his advantage. (Law Mar. 14,
to exceed 8 weeks. The amount is that 1915.)
of the woman’s hom e district fixed by
the municipal council, w ith the ap
proval of the prefect. A n increase of
50 centimes a day after confinement is
allowed to mothers nursing the child.
(Law July 30, 1913, Art. 69.)
; (See Schedule 12, France, military
pensions, p. 52.)
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D E N TS.
Indemnity for l a r g e
families.10
CO
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
44
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OP
FRANCE .1
[For abbreviations used in this section see p. 67.]
SEPARATION AND OTHER ALLOWANCES FOR FAMILIES OF OFFICERS
AND MEN IN ACTIVE SERVICE.
The chief provisions for the support of soldiers’ families in France
are the separation allowance, paid to the family while the bread
winner is away serving the colors, and the pension given to the sol
dier either on retirement as a reward for length of service or for
injuries received while in service, or to the widow or orphans of sol
diers killed in action or dying from injuries received while under the
colors. In addition to these two general provisions there are a num
ber of other State allowances and privileges by which the family may
benefit either as citizens or as the family of a soldier. The bread
winner himself may be able still to contribute to the family support
by the assignment of a part of his military pay or of his continued
civil salary. (»See schedule 10, p. 42.)
A S S IG N E D
PAY.
The pay of privates in the French Army is negligible—25 centimes
(4.8 cents) a day—and can not be relied upon as a contribution to
the family fund. Above the grade of private, machinery is provided
for the voluntary assignment to the family of one-half the military
pay; and even for the assignment by official authority in case no vol
untary assignment has been made.2 This, however, is canceled if the
soldier upon notification fails to sanction it and states his objection
in writing to the military authorities. The plan seems to be intended
as an aid in the assignment of the pay according to the soldier’s
wishes rather than as a measure of compulsion.
In cases of soldiers “ missing” or dead the assigned pay is continued
until the matter of a pension is adjusted at the end of hostilities, unless
the amount of assigned pay is less than that of the pension, when the
assignment stops and the claimants may at once draw advances on
their pension.
Through the machinery of the civil government, mobilized men
whose civil salary is continued may-assign it as a whole or in part
to whomsoever they wish to designate. But no provision is made
for assignment by State authority in case of failure on the part of
the soldier to assign.3
1 The French material was prepared b y Miss E dith Rockwell Hall,
s Decree Jan. 10,1912 (B ull. off. min. de la guerre, voi. 60); Oct. 9,1914 (Dalloz I, 212).
s Law Aug. 5,1914 (J. O. Aug. 6,1914).
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MILITARY TORCES A N D T H E IR DEPENDENTS,
S c h e d u l e 1 1 .—
France.
45
Military pay.
[Source: Agenda Militaire 1916.]
A . O FFICE R S A N D T H O SE OF E Q U IV A L E N T R A N K .
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in francs; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
Grade.
General of division:
Chief intendant.........................
General medical inspector..............
Brigadier general:
Military intendant.........................
Medical inspector.................................
Colonel:
Subintendant, first class...................
Chief physician or apothecary, first class........
Lieutenant colonel:
Subintendant, second class..........................
Chief physician or apothecary, second class........
Major:
Subintendant, third class...........................
Physician or apothecary major, third cla ss.........
Chief adm inistrative officer o ith e various services.
Captain:
A ssistant in th e intendance..........
Physician, apothecary, or veterinary major,
second class.
Administrative officer of th e various services,
first class.
Chief interpreter, first class..............
Chief musician, first class...................................
Lieutenant:
Physician, apothecary, or veterinary aide-major,
first class.
Administrative officer of th e various services,
second class.
Chief interpreter, second class....................................
Chief musician, second class...................................
Sublieutenant:
Cadet sublieutenant............................................
Physician, apothecary, or veterinary aide-ma
jor, second class.
Administrative officer of th e various services___
Cadet veterinary aide-major, second class...................
Sublieutenant of reserve,' who has not finished his
legal tim e of service.
Interpreter........................................................
Chaplain..........................................................
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
P ay (yearly pay calculated at m onthly rate).
J-1,665 (321.35).
}l,200 (231.60).
|990 (191.07).
|750 (144.75).
1675(130.28). After 4 years of grade or 32 years oi
J600 (115.80).
' 555 (107.12).
grade and
510 (98.43).
grade and
465 (89.75).
420 (81.06).
Before 4 years of grade.
After 12 years of grade, or 8 years of
30 years of service.
After 8 years of grade, or 4 years of
25 years of service.
After 4 years of grade or 20 years of
Before 4 years of grade.
406.50 (78.45). After 8 years of grade and 20 years
of service.
361.50 (69.77). After 8 years of grade, or 4 years of
1 grade and 15 years of service.
331.50 (63.98). After 4 years of grade, or 10 years of
service.
301.50 (58.19). Before 4 years of grade.
[270 (52.11). After 6 years of service.
1240 (46.32), Before 6 years- of service.
220.50 (42.56).
210(40.53). 177 (34.16).
465 (89.75).
46
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISION'S FOR M EM BERS OF
S c h e d u l e 11. —France.
Military 'pay—Continued.
B. NONCOM MISSIONED O FFIC E R S IN A L L B R A N C H E S.
Grade.
Those not re R eenlisted or commissioned men after their 6th
year of service (m onthly pay).
enlisted, or en
listed and reenlisted up to
th e 5th year of
9th to 11th
service (daily 6th to 8th year
12th year and
year (inclu
pa y calculated
after.
(inclusive).
sive).
a t m onthly
rate).
207 (39.95)
95.70(18.47)
Chief adjutant...............................................
Adjutant:
A ssistant director of m usic................
Chief of th e riding school or..............
177 (34.16)
A ssistant instructor o f horseman- 1 73.20(14.13)
ship.......................................................
C hief armorer, first class.....................
Sergeant major:
First sergeant........................................
Sergeant of horsem anship.................
Chief mechanician................................
135 (26.06)
30.60(5.91)
Drum m ajor.........................................
Chief bugler or bandmaster..............
Sergeant trum peter..............................
Chief armorer, second class................
28.20 (5.44)
Sergeant saddler...........................................
Sergeant and quartermaster sergeant:
A ssistant quartermaster sergeant...
Trumpeter..............................................
■ 126 (24.32)
Sergeant mechanician or electrician.
27.60(5.33)
A ssistant sergeant or instructor of
horsemanship....................................
A ssistant armorer.................................
60 (11.58) 1 154.50(29.82)
Aspirant.........................................................
207 (39.95)
207 (39.95)
184.50 (35.61)
192 (37.06)
142.50 (27.50)
150 (28.95)
133.50 (25.77)
141 (27.21)
154.50 (29.82)
162 (31.27)
C. R A N K A N D F IL E IN A L L B R A N C H E S (E X C E P T F IR ST T H R E E R E G IM E N TS O F
A L G E R IA N SH A R P SH O O T E R S A N D T H E R E G IM E N T S OF A L G E R IA N SP A H IS).
Grade.
P ay (daily pay calculated at m onthly
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Corporal; drum
or bugle cor
Corporal
poral; corporal
quartermaster; sapper; briga
brigadier
brigadier
quartermaster; dier;
trumpeter;
brigadier
musician after
armorer.
10 years’
service.
21.60 (4.17)
12.60 (2.43)
Soldier;
cavalryman;
gunner; sapper;
and driver of
engineering
trains; work
men attached
to batteries;
companies of
workmen;
Master gunner; assistant horsemaster work shoer; harness
maker; drum
man.
mer; bugler;
trumpeter; in
fantry sapper;
soldier and
pupil musician;
soldiers of
special sections;
cadets of mili
tary prepara
tory schools.
8. 10 (1.56)
7.50 (1.45)
47
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
Schedule
11.— France.
Military pay— Continued.
D . NONCOM MISSIONED O FFICER S A N D PR IV A T E S, E X T R A P A Y FO R L E N G T H OF
SER V IC E.
D aily extra pay.
Grade.
Branch of the
service.
Noncommissioned offi- Cavalry and artiilery of cavalry
cers and those of equivalent rank. (See pay
divisions.
Other branches__
table.)
Corporals1........................... Cavalry and artil
lery of cavalry
divisions.
Other branches___
P rivates2............................
Cavalry and artil
lery of cavalry
divisions.
Other branches__
After 3
years.
After 6
years.
After 10
years.
After the sixth year
the extra pay is in
cluded in the month1. (0.193)
ly pay.
.9 3 (0 .1 8 ) .98 (0.19) 1.03(0.20)
1.20 (0.23)
.60 (0.12)
.65 (0.13)
.70(0.14)
. 85 (0.16)
.90 (0.17)
.95(0.18)
. 20 (0.04)
.25 (0.05)
.30 (0.06)
Notes.
1 E xtra pay of a
corporal is given
to musicians who
receive the pay
of corporals.
2 Master gunners of
the artillery serving beyond the
required t i m e
have the right to
a special extra
pay of 93 centim es ($0.18) a
day.
Continued salaries.—Officials and employees of the State, when
mobilized, have their civil salaries continued wholly or in part accord
ing to their army grade. If for those provided in the army with
the grade either of officer or of noncommissioned officer the military
pay is less than the civil, the difference between the two is added from
the civil salary; if the military pay is higher than their civil salary,
they do not draw the civil salary at all. Those who are serving as pri
vates in the army are entitled to the whole of their civil salary which,
as stated above, they may assign wholly or in part for direct payment
to their families.1
As Government pay is continued under certain conditions, so cer
tain private employers appear to have continued the salaries of those
of their workers called to the army. The Government does not super
vise such moneys in any way but has ruled that a separation allow
ance can not be drawn by the family of a soldier enjoying a con
tinued salary, either State or private.2
SEPARATION ALLOWANCE.
Of the official resources the chief substitute for the breadwinner’s
regular earnings is the separation allowance, established in time of
peace for a limited class and extended gradually from the outbreak of
the war to cover, first, all needy families of enlisted men—whether
French living in France, the colonies, or abroad, or those of allied
nations living in France whose breadwinners have joined their own or
the French colors 3—and, second, “.all needy French families residing
1 Law Aug. 5,1914 (J. O. Aug. 6,1914).
2 Ministerial circular Oct. 10, 1914 (J. O. Oct. 11,1914).
3 Law Aug. 5,1914 (J. O. Aug. 6,1914); decree Sept. 15,1914 (J. O. Sept. 20,1914); decree Aug. 14,1914
(J. O. Aug. 15, 1914).
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
48
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
in France whose breadwinner—not a soldier—is, without fault of his
own, a victim of a circumstance of war suffered on French soil in a
region occupied by the French Army.”1 The allowance, fixed by the
earlier peace legislation at three-fourths of a franc (14.4 cents) a day,
with an additional allowance of one-fourth franc (4.9 cents) for each
dependent child under 16 years of age, was in 1913 raised to 1 franc
25 centimes (24 cents) for the chief allowance (at which rate it still
continues) and to 50 centimes (10 cents) per child for the additional
allowance. In 1917 this additional allowance was raised to 75 cen
times (14.4 cents) and extended to include ascendants who, before
mobilization, were dependent on the soldier.2
The allowance fund is charged on the budget of the military depot
in which the soldier is registered. -It is administered by special com
missions (one or more in each canton) consisting of three members
appointed by the prefect. These cantonal commissions decide on
the merits of cases transmitted to them by the mayors, who receive
direct applications from the families claiming the allowance and for
ward them to the cantonal commission together with a statement of
the economic condition and size of the family and a copy of their tax
receipt, on which their right of application is based.3
The decisions of the cantonal commissions go into effect at once,
but are open to appeal either by the claimant (if rejected) or by the
subprefect (if the grant appears to him to have been unjustly given)
before a commission of five members appointed by the prefect and
meeting at the chief town of the district.
Above these local commissions of appeal stands the superior com
mission appointed by the minister of the interior as a last court of
appeal. This commission, consisting at first of 31 members, was
later increased to 50 and finally 100.4 With them are associated a
number of judge advocates and a special representative of the Gov
ernment and his deputy. The commission sits either in sectional
groups (of which there are 10) to consider cases assigned to them by
the president of the commission, or in general assembly, which delib
erates upon matters referred to it by the Government representatives,
or by a particular section, or upon matters which the president has
reserved to be judged in the committee of the whole.5 Every three
months the president sends to the minister of the interior a report
of the commission’s work,
i Law Apr. 28,1916 (J. O. Apr. 30,1916); law Mar. 21,1905, art. 22 (J. O. Mar. 23,1905); law Apr. 8,1910
(J. O. Apr. 10, 1910).
a Law Aug. 7,1913(B ull, du m in. du travail, V ol. X X , p. 72*); law Mar. 31,1917 (J. O. A p r .l, 1917); law
Aug. 8,1913 (B ull, du min. du travail, V ol. X X , p.74*); ministerial circular Aug. 4,1914 (J. O. Aug. 6,-1914).
3 Decree Aug. 2,1914 (J. O. Aug. 3,1914).
* Law Dee. 26, 1914 (Dalloz, II, p. 244); decree Dec. 31 1914 (Dalloz, III, p. 9); decree Feb. 18, 1915
(Dalloz, III, p. 198).
s Decree Dec. 31,1914 (Dalloz, III, p. 9).
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
M ILITARY FORCES AN D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
49
The object of the separation allowance is plainly to prevent want
during the breadwinner’s absence, not to supply the customary
family income. From the first there appears to have been difficulty
in making just decisions as to recipients, and the matter is the subject
of a number of ministerial circular letters to the subprefects.
“ Needy” families are described as those “ whom the absence of one
of their number has deprived of the necessary means of subsistence.”
Specifically excluded are those families “ whose means of existence
have been reduced but remain sufficient. Judgment (in regard to
eligibility and need) should always be made in a large spirit of
humanity, and the applicant given the benefit of the doubt.” 1
For instance, “ the fact of owning a little house or a bit of ground, of
paying a few francs land tax, or a small license, or the fact of being
a farmer either on shares or as tenant, does not exclude an appli
cant for allowance without investigation.” 2 But these words are
qualified in the same circular letter by a warning to the prefect that
the application of the law has led to mistakes and abuses and that
“ while the law should be applied in a large spirit of humanity, every
"effort should at the same time be made to avoid waste and to keep a
rigorous control over the moneys of the State.” 3 A special per
plexity arose when the question of labor supply became acute and
the prefects are specially enjoined to make it clear that women need
not fear the loss of their allowances by becoming wage-earners in
agriculture or in factories.4
MATERNITY BEN EFIT S.
The claim of a newborn child for an additional allowance starts
from the day of birth. A bill for the inclusion of an unborn child
has failed to become law, but quite recently the maternity benefit
hitherto granted to women working for wages outside their homes
has been extended to all French women drawing separation allowance
and to all refugees receiving special government aid. This allowance
of from 50 centimes (10 cents) minimum to 1 franc 50 centimes (29
cents) maximum a day extends over a period of eight weeks, with an
extra daily allowance of 50 centimes (10 cents) after confinement to
those mothers who nurse their children.5
1 Interministerial circular Aug. 23,1914 (J. O. Aug. 25,1914).
* Ministerial circular Oct. 10,1914 (Dalloz, I, p . 221).
s Minister of interior, reply to question N o. 2983 (J. O., July 7,1915).
* Ministerial circular May, 1916 (B ull, des Usines de Guerre, 1916, p. 31); ministerial circular Jan. 8,
-v 1915 (J. O., Jan. 12,1915).
6 Law June 17,1913 (J. O., June 19,1913); law Jan. 23,1917 (J. O., Jan. 23,1917); law July 30,1913, art.
69 (J. O., July 31,1913).
10735— 17------ 4
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
50
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
IN D E M N IT Y
FO R
LARGE
F A M IL IE S .
This indemnity was established not as war relief but as encourage
ment to citizens of the poorer class generally in the rearing of large
families. The annual grant is 60 francs ($11.58) minimum to 90
francs ($17.37) maximum, for each child under 13 years of age in
excess of 3 under 13 if both parents care for them together; in excess
of 2 under 13 if cared for by father alone; in excess of 1 under 13
if cared for by mother alone. I t is given only to needy families and
may be received in addition to the separation allowance. The rate
in each case is fixed by the local authorities, and at the discretion of
the administering officer the allowance may be paid wholly or in
part in rent or in kind through the local bureau of charities.1
IN D E M N IT Y F O R D E P E N D E N T
C H IL D R E N .
This was established first as a military grant to officers (up to the
grade of major), military employees, noncommissioned officers,
corporals, and soldiers serving beyond their required term, and to
the equivalent grades in the Navy. I t was recently extended to
civil functionaries as well. The grant is 200 francs ($38.60) a year
for each dependent child under 16 years in excess of 2 children of
whatever age.2 I t may be assigned through the pay office, either
voluntarily on the part of the soldier or during hostilities by official
authority, to the wife or other person proving that she has charge
of the soldier’s children. If such official assignment is made, the
soldier can not repudiate it.3
MILITARY PENSIONS AND DISABILITY ALLOWANCES.
The pension system of France is at present undergoing a thorough
revision by the bill introduced on November 4, 1915.4 On July 21,
1916, the bill was the subject of an exhaustive report to the Chamber
of Deputies by an extraparliamentary commission, which recom
mended the bill with certain important additions and amendments.5
Although presented in this amended form nearly a year ago it has
apparently not yet been adopted into law.
The present pension law is based upon the old law of 1831, modified
only slightly from time to time, and that rather in the matter of
rates and in a widening of its application (e. g., to native and colonial
troops) than in its fundamental plan.8
1 Law July 14,1913 (J. O., July 15 and 16,1913).
2 Law D ec. 30,1913 (J. O., Dec. 31,1913); decree Aug.*26,1914 (Dalloz, suppl. 1-2, p. 52); decree D ec. 15,
1914 (Dalloz, suppl. 1-2, p . 210).
3 Law Oct. 5,1915 (Dalloz, V I, p . 255).
4 J. O., ch. d6p. doc., 1915, Annexe 1410, p. 1140.
3 J. O., ch. d6p. doc., sess. ord., 1916, vol. 3, A nnexe 2383, p. 1934.
6 Law Apr. 11 (A rm y), 1831, and law Apr. 18 (N avy), 1831 (B ull, des Lois, 9thseries, N o. 81, pp . 161-176,
233-247).
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
M ILITARY FORCES AND TH EIR DEPEN D EN TS.
51
The right to a minimum pension for length of service comes to
officers and enlisted men in the army and navy after an active service
of 30 or 25 years, according to the corps and grade. In computing
service, years of campaign count double. Beyond the minimum the
pension is augmented by a yearly increase for service beyond 30 or 25
years, the maximum being reached at 50 or 45 years of service. Re
tirement on a proportional pension may be taken by those below the
grade of officer after 15 years, but this carries no right to the widow
or orphans in case of death.1
DISABILITY PE N SIO N S.
The disability pension is merely an anticipation of the retirement
pension, the rate being the minimum or maximum of the retirement
pension with a bonus for certain exceptional afflictions. The wound
or infirmity on which the claim is based must have come from the
events of war or from accidents experienced while on duty under
orders (service commandé). The disability must be incurable and
must involve at least 60 per cent reduction in earning power, as
measured by the official guide scale.2 (See Guide Barême, p. 63.)
Disabilities are grouped into six classes or four grades:3 (1) The
amputation of two limbs or total loss of sight, recompensed by a
bonus of 20 per cent for officers, 30 per cent for noncommissioned
officers and privates, over and above the maximum retirement pen
sion; (2) The amputation of one limb or the loss of the use of two
limbs, recompensed by the maximum retirement pension; (3) The
loss of use of one limb or an equivalent disability, recompensed by
the minimum retirement pension augmented by the annual increase
of the soldier’s grade for each year of service or campaign; (4) Lesser
wounds or infirmities pronounced incurable and equal to a disability
of at least 60 per cent, judged by the official disability scale. This
class is also recompensed by the minimum retirement pension aug
mented by the annual increase of the soldier’s grade for each year
of service over and above 30 or 25 years. In the case of an officer
he must be adjudged incapacitated for further service; in the case
of a noncommissioned officer or private, incapacitated for selfsupport as well.4
1 Laws Apr. 11 and 18, 1831, art. 1; law Apr. 26, 1856; law Apr. 9, 1914.
2 Laws Apr. 11 and 18,1831, art. 12; circular minister of war, Mar. 3, 1906.
» Laws Apr. 11 and 18,1831, art. 15-17; Laws June 25 and 26,1861, art. 4.
* Laws Apr. 11 and 18,1831, art. 14.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
52
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
Schedule
1 2 .—
I. COM M ISSIONED O F FIC E R S
[A. Present schedule.
B . Schedule of bill introduced N ov. 4, 1915. C. Amendments proposed by the
Commission, July 21,1916.]
[Amounts outside of parentheses in francs; amounts inside of parentheses in dollars.]
Retirement pensions for length
of service.1
Grade.
Minimum,
after 30
years.
Army.
N avy.
General of divi
sion.
Vice admiral .A
B
C
General of brigade Rear admiral. A
B
C
Captain (de
vaisseau).
A
B
C
Lieutenant
onel.
col
Commander A
(captain de
frigate).
B
C
Second
class,
90 per
cent.
Third
class,
80 per
cent.
175
10,500
12,600
10,500
(33.78) (2,026.50) (2,431.80)
(2,026.50)
12,600
10,500
(2,431.80)
(2,026.50)
12,600
11,550
10,500
(?)
(2,431.80) (2,229.15) (2,026.50)
6,000
(1,158.00)
100
8,000
9,600
8,000
(19.30) (1,544.00) (1,852.80)
(1,544.00)
9.600
8.000
(l)
(1,852.80)
(1,544.00)
9,600
8,800
0)
8,000
(1,852.80) (1,698.40) (1,544.00)
4,500
(868.50)
75
6,000
7,200
6,000
(14.48) (1,158.00) (1,389.60)
(1,158.00)
7,200
6,000
(1,389.60)
(1,158.00)
7,200
6,600
0)
6,000
0)
(1,389.60) (1,273.80) (1,158.00)
(>)
<lj
«
(?)
<*)
0)
3,700
(714.10)'
0)
C1)
C)
(*)
(0
(*)
.(')
(‘)
65
(12.55)
0)
(»)
50
(9.65)
i1)
>)
0)
5,000
6,000
(965.00) (1,158.00)
6,000
(1,158.00)
6,000
5,500
(1,158.00) (1,061.50)
(»)
Ó)
*N
3,000
(579.00)
0)
(')
r*-w
C
First
class,
100 per
cent.
7,000
(1,351.00)
O
o ©©.
©
Corvette cap- A
tain.
B
Yearly Maximum,
after 50
increase.
years.
Pensions for 10 classes of
disability .2
.<•)
4 4,800
(926.40)
4,800
(926.40)
5,025
(969.83)
4,400
(849.20)
5,000
(965.00)
5,000
(965.00)
5,000
(965.00)
4,000
(772.00)
4,000
(772.00)
4,000
(772.00)
1 T he retirement pension is not discussed in th e proposed new law.
* D isability pensions are granted onlyfor incurable disabilities. Thefour classes established in th e law of
1831 andretamed to th e present tim e give th e 100 percent pension to classes (1) and (2) (of th e GuideBareme,
p. 63), 80 per cent pension to classes (3) and (4), and 60 per cent pension to classes (5) and (6). Less severe
permanent disabilities graded by th e old law at 50 per cent or less do not receive pension, but a renewable
allowance. T he grades- of pensionable disabilities are increased to 8 in th e proposed law , as it was
introduced, and to 10 m th e recommendations of th e commission, as here shown on lines B and C, respec
tively. The proposed law adds to th e pensions of disabled men up to th e grade of major, an extra allow
ance for eM h ch u d under 16; th e rate is th e same for all military ranks and amounts to 100 francs ($19.30)
yearly if tn e father is receiving a 100 per cent pension, and 10 francs ($1.93) yearly if he is receiving a 10 per
penaon, w ith intermediate rates in proportion. Temporary disability is m et for officers in “ nonactivity w ith ‘ disability p a y ” and for noncommissioned officers and privates w ith renewable and per
m anent allowances (gratifications). See Schedule 13, p. 58.
a Widow: Marriage m ust antedate wound or infirm ity leading to husband’s death.
Orphan: Legitimate children only, including those of a former marriage (old law); illegitim ate children
also, i f recognized voluntarily or by action of th e courts (new proposed law).
B y Che bill of N ov. 4 , 1915 , a widow’s pension carries a uniform extra allowance of 100 francs ($19.30) for
eaim child under 16 years. If th e mother is not livin g th e orphans receive th e additional allowance for all
but th e eldest.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
53
M ILITARY FORCES ANO T H E IR DEPENDENTS,
France.
Military pensidns.
A N D T H E IR D E P E N D E N T S .
[A. Present schedule.
B . Schedule of hill introduced N ov. 4, 1915. C. Amendments proposed h y the
Commission, July 21,1916.]
[Amounts outside of parentheses in francs; amounts inside of parentheses in dollars.]
Pensions to widows
and full orphans.2
Pensions for 10 classes of disability2—Continued.
Fourth
class,
70 per
cent.
Fifth
class,
60 per
cent.
Sixth
class,
50 per
cent.
Seventh
class,
40 per
cent.
Eighth
class,
30 per
cent.
N inth
class,
20 per
cent.
Tenth
class,
10 per
cent.
Excep
Normal:
tional:
One-half
Threemaxim um fourths
retire
maximum
ment.
retirement.
8,750
(1,688.75)
7.000
(1.351.00)
5,600
7,000
8,167
(1,576.23) (1,351.00) (1,080.80)
4,667
5,833
7.000
(900.73)
(1.351.00) (1,125.77)
4,200
(810.60)
3,500
(675.50)
2,800
(540.40)
2,333
(450.27)
1,400
(270.20)
1,167
(225.23)
3.500
(675.50)
3.500
(675.50)
3.500
(675.50)
5.250
(1.013.25)
5.250
(1.013.25)
5.250
(1.013.25)
7,000
(1,351.00)
6.000
(1.158.001)
6,000
6,667
(1,286.73) (1,158.00)
5,000
6,000
(965.00)
(1,158.00)
4,808
(927.94)
4,000
(772.00)
3,600
(694.80)
3,000
(579.00)
2,400
(463. 20)
2,000
(386.00)
1,2 0,p
(231.60)
1,000
(193.00)
2.667
(514.73)
2.667
(514.73)
2.667
(514.73)
4.000
(772.00)
4.000
(772.00)
4.000
(772.00)
2,000
(386.00)
3,600
(694.80)
3,000
(579.00)
2,700
(521.10)
2,250
(434.25)
1,800
(347.40)
1,500
(289.50)
900
(173.70)
750
(144.75)
(386.00)
2,000
(386.00)
3.000
(579.00)
3.000
(579.00)
3.000
(579.00)
2,220
(428.46)
1,850
(357.05)
1,480
(285.64)
1,233
(237.97)
740
(142.82)
617
(119.08)
1.667
(321.73)
1.667
(321.73)
1.667
(321.73)
2.500
(482.50)
2.500
(482.50)
2.500
(482.50)
5,250
(1,013.25)
4.500
(868.50)
5.000
(965.00)
4.500
(868.50)
4,350
(839.55)
3.700
(714.10)
4,133
(797.67)
3.700
(714.10)
4,500
(868.50)
3,750
(723.75)
3,700
(714.10)
- 3,083
(595.02)
2,960
(571.28)
2,467
(476.13)
2,000
2,000
1.333
3.000
(386.00)
(257.27)
(579.00)
2,000
1.333
600
1,200
1,800
2,400
3,000
3,333
(386.00)
(257.27)
(115.80)
(231.60)
(347.40)
(463. 20)
(579.00)
(643.27)
2,000
1.333
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3.000
3,500
(386.00)
(257.27)
(96.50)
(193.00)
(289.50)
(482.50)
(386.00)
(579.00)
(675.50)
Right to pension for widow and orphan (full orphans (minor) enjoy same pension rights as widow
and on her death inherit her rights. As each child becomes of age (21 years) his share passes to the
remaining minors):
Old law —
. . . .
x.
,
.
(1) If soldier is tilled on field of battle, or from wounds received there—exceptional pension.
(2) If soldier is tilled on du ty under orders or from wounds received on duty under orders—normal
pension.
(3) If death is caused by endemic or contagious disease contracted m service—normal pension.
(4) If soldier died in enjoyment of retirement or disability pension, or in possession or rights to either—
normal pension.
'
Proposed law—
.
Proposed law extends exceptional pension to (2) and enlarges (3) to include maladies—whatever their
nature—contracted in th e course of dangers, accidents or fatigues of war. It also extends right of pension
to widows and orphans of soldiers having curable disabilities of th e first five classes (at least 60 per cent
disability) w ho die in enjoyment of renewable allowances or in possession of rights to them . It provides
that the special children’s allowance granted on behalf of children under 16 to fathers receiving pension
in th é five lower classes of disabilities (w hich do not entitle to reversion of pension to widow and orphans)
shall continue after th e father’s death at th e same rate until th e child is 16 years of age. .
4 Rate for total blindness and loss of tw o lim bs was raised to amount given in C on July 6,1917. (J.O.,
July 6, i917.)
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
54
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EMBERS OF
S c h e d u l e 12.—•
1. COM MISSIONED O FFICER S
Retirem ent pensions for length
of service.*
Grade.
Army.
Minimum,
after 30
years.
Navy.
'A
F ourth
grade.
B
c
A
Third
grade.
B
C
Captain
Second
grade.
Lieutenant..
A
B
C
First
A
grade.
B
C
F o u r th
grade.
lieuten
ant.
Second
grade.
(*)
2,300
(443.90)
(x)
(x) '
50
(9.65)
(x)
(x)
50
(9.65)
(x)
(x) \
:«
(x)
A
2,150
(414.95)
«
50
(9.65)
(x)
C
A
grade.
B
C
Second
lieuten
ant. F i r s t
2,500
(482.50)
(x)
(x )
C
B
A
[Second
grade.
(l )
50
(9.65)
(x)
50
(9.65)
(x)
C
Ensign, first
class.
A
First
2,700
(521.10)
(0
(l )
2,300
(443.90)
l 1)
B
First
(x)
50
(9.65)
(x)
B
A
T hird
grade.
2,900
(559.70)
(x)
Yearly Maximum,
after 50
increase.
years.
B
C
,Ensign, sec- ond class. A
grade.
B
C
(x)
2,000
(386.00)
(x)
h
1,850
(357.05)
(x)
«
1,800
(347.40)
(x)
(x)
1,500
(289.50)
(x)
(l)
(x)
50
(9.65)
(x)
(x)
50
(9.65)
(x)
(x)
50
(9.65)
(x)
(x)
40
(7.72)
(x)
(')
3,900
(752.70)
(x)
(x>
3,700
(714.10)
(x)
(x)
3,500
(675.50)
. (x)
(x)
3,300
(636.90)
i1)
(x)
3,300
(636.90)
(x)
(x)
3,150
(607.95)
(x)
(x)
3,000
(579.00)
(x)
(x)
2,850
(550.05)
(x)
(x)
2,800
(540.40)
0
(x)
2,300
(443.90)
(x)
(x)
For footnotes, see pp. 52 and 53.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Pensions for 10 classes of
disability.2
First
class,
100 per
cent.
4 4,680
(903.24)
4,680
(903.24)
4,905
(946.67)
4 4,440
(956.92)
4,440
(956.92)
4,665
(900.35)
4 4,200
(810.60)
4,200
(810.60)
4,425
(854.03)
43,960
(764.28)
3,960
(764.28)
4,185
(807.71)
43,960
(764.28)
3,960
(764.28)
4,185
(807.71)
43,780
(729.54)
3,780
(729.54)
4,005
(772.97)
4 3.600
(694.80)
3,600
(694.80)
3,825
(738.23)
43,420
(660.06)
3,420
(660.06)
3,645
(703.49)
43,360
(648.48)
3,360
(648.48)
3,585
(691.91)
4 2,760
(532.68)
2,760
(532.68)
2,985
(576.11)
Second
class,
90 per
cent.
Third
class,
80 per
. cent.
4,290
(827.97)
3,900
(752.70)
3,900
(752.70)
3,900
(752.70)
4,070
(785.51)
3,700
(714.10)
3,700
(714.10)
3,700
(714.10)
3,859
(744.79)
3,500
(675.50)
3,500
(675.50)
3,500
(675.50)
3,630
(700.59)
3,300
(636.90)
3,300
(636.90)
3,300
(636.90)
3,630
(700.59)
3,300
(636.90)
3,300
(636.90)
3,300
(636.90)
3,465
(668.75)
3,150
(607.95)
3,150
(607.95)
3,150
(607.95)
3,300
(636.90)
3,000
(579.00)
3,000
(579.00)
3,000
(579.00)
3,135
(605.06)
2,850
(55Ô. 05)
2,850
(550.05)
2,850
(550.05)
3,080
(594.44)
2,800
(540.40)
2,800
(540.40)
2,800
(540.40)
2,530
(488.29)
2,300
(443.90)
2,300
(443.90)
2,300
(443.90)
55
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
France.
Military pensions—Continued.
A N D T H E IR D E P E N D E N T S —Continued.
Pensions to widows
and full orphans.8
Pensions for 10 classes of disability2—Continued.
Fourth
class,
70 per
cent.
3,400
(656.20)
2.900
(559.70)
3,233
(623.97)
2.900
(559.70)
3,200
(617.60)
2.700
(521.10)
3,033
(585.37)
2.700
(521.10)
3,000
(579.00)
Sixth
class,
50 per
cent.
Fifth
clags,
60 per
cent.
2.500
(482.50)
2,833
(546.77)
2.500
2,300
443.90;
2,633
Seventh
class,
40 per
cent.
E ighth
class,
30 per
cent.
N inth
class,
20 per
cent.
Tenth
class,
10 per
cent.
Normal:
One-half
retire
ment.
Excep
tional:
Threefourths
maxim um
retirement.
2,900
(559.70)
2,417
(466.48)
2,320
(447.76)
1,933
(373.07)
1,740
(335.82)
1,450
(279.85)
1,160
(223.88)
967
(186.63)
580
(111.94)
483
(93.22)
1.300
(250.90)
1.300
(250.90)
1.300
(250.90)
1.950
(376.35)
1.950
(376.35)
1.950
(376.35)
2,700
(521.10)
2,250
(434.25)
2,160
(416.88)
1,800
(347.40)
1,620
(312.66)
1,350
(260.55)
1,080
(208.44)
900
(173.70)
540
(104.22)
450
(86.85)
1.233
(237 97)
1.233
(237.97)
1.233
(237 97)
1.850
(357.05)
1.850
(357.05)
1.850
(357.05)
2,500
(482.50)
2,083
(402.02)
2,000
(386.00)
1,667
(321.73)
1,500
(289.50)
1,250
(241.25)
1.000
(193.00)
833
(160.77)
500
(96.50)
417
(80.48)
1.167
(225. 23)
1.167
(225.23)
1.167
(225.23)
1.750
(337.75)
1.750
(337.75)
1.750
(337.75)
460
(88.78)
383
(73.92)
1,100
(212.30)
1,100
(212.30)
1,100
(212.30)
1,65»
(318.45)
1.650
(318.45)
1.650
(318.45)
2,300
(443.90)
1,917
(369.98)
1,840
(355.12)
1,533
(295.87)
1,380
(266.34)
1,150
(221.95)
920
(177.56)
767
(148.03)
2,800
(540.40)
2.300
443.90)
2,633
508.17)
2.300
443.90)
2,300
(443.90)
1,917
(369.98)
1,840
(355.12)
1,533
(295.87)
1,380
(266.34)
1,150
(221.95)
920
(177.56)
767
(148.03)
460
(88.78)
383
(73.92)
1,100
(212.30)
1,100
(212.30)
1,100
(212 30)
1.650
(318.45)
1.650
(318.45)
1.650
(318.45)
2,650
(511.45)
2.150
414.95)
2,483
479.22)
2.150
414.95)
2,150
(414.95)
1,792
(345.86)
1,720
(331.96)
1,433
(276.57)
1,290
(248.97)
1,075
(207.48)
860
(165.98)
717
(138.38)
430
(82.99)
358
(69.09)
1.050
(202.65)
1.050
(202.65)
1.050
(202.65)
1.575
(303.98)
1.575
(303.98)
1.575
(303.98)
2,500
(482.50)
386.00 2,000
2,333
(386.00)
450.27)
1,667
2,000
(321.73)
1,600
(308.80)
1,333
(257.27)
1,200
(231.60)
1,000
(193.00)
800
(154.40)
667
(128.73)
400
(77.20)
333
(64.27)
1,000
(193.00)
1,000
(193.00)
1,000
(193.00)
1.500
(289.50)
1.500
(289.50)
1.500
(289.50)
1,850
(357.05)
1,542
(297.61)
1,480
(285.64)
1,233
(237.97)
1,110
(214.23)
925
(178.53)
740
(142.82)
617
(119.08)
370
(71.41)
398
(76.81)
950
(183.35)
950
(183.35)
950
(183.35)
1,495
(275.03)
1.425
(275.03)
1.425
(275.03)
1,800
(347.40)
1,50C
(289.50)
1,440
(277.92)
1,200
(231.60)
1,080
(208.44)
900
(173.70)
720
(138.96)
600
(115.80)
360
(69.48)
300
(57.90)
933
(180.07)
933
(180.07)
933
(180.07)
U, 400
(270.20)
1.400
(270.20)
1.400
(270.20)
1,200
(231.60)
1,000
(193.00)
900
(173.70)
750
(144.75)
600
(115.80)
500
(96.50)
300
(57.90)
250
(48.25)
767
(148.03)
767
(148.03)
767
(148.03)
1.150
(221.95)
1.150
(221.95)
1.150
(221.95)
2,800
(540.40)
2,300
2,000
2,350
(453.55)
2,183
421.32)
1,850
)
2,133
2,300
(443.9Q)
)
0
)
) -■
)
1,900
(366.70)
)
1,500
(289.50)
1,250
(241.25)
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
56
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
S c h e d u l e 1 2 .—
France
II. NONCOM M ISSIONED O F F IC E R S A N D
[A. Present schedule. B . Schedule of hill introduced N ov, 4, -1915.
[Amounts outside of parentheses in francs; amounts inside of parentheses in dollars.]
Retirem ent pensions for length
of service.*
Grade.
Army.
Minimum,
after 25
years.
N avy.
.A
1,100
(212.30)
0)
B
C
0)
A
1,000
(193.00)
(?)
B
C
CO,
950
(183.35)
<0
.A
B
C
<0
.A
900
(173. 70)
0)
B
C
Sergeant.
(0
A
800
(154.40)
(>)
B
C
Corporal.
(O
Quartermaster A
B
C
Soldier.
B
C
Chief mate___A
B
G
Mate................ A
B
C
Second m ate.A
B
C
700
(135.10)
0)
(O
600
(115.80)
0)
(?)
1,234
(23a 16)
(»)
0)
1,234
(238.16)
(')
0)
1,200
(231.60)
(0
<*>
Yearly
increase.
15
(2.90)
0)
0)
15
(2.90)
(0
Í1)
15
(2.90)
Í1)
C1)
15
(2.90)
(l)
(?)
15
(2.90)
0)
(0
10
(1.93)
(0
i1)
7.50
(1.45)
(l )
Í1)
15
(2.90)
(*)
(>>
15
(2.90)
(*)
<0
15
(2.90)
(>)
0)
Maximum,
after 45
years.
1,400
(270.20)
(?)
Í1)
1,300
(250.90)
0)
0)
1,250
(241.25)
(x)
(l)
1,200
(231.60)
Í1)
(*)
1,100
(212.30)
<*)
(?)
900
(173.70)
(x)
(x)
750
(144.75)
(>)
(’)
1,534
(296.06)
(0
(J)
1,534
(296.06)
(x)
(x)
1,500
(289.50)
(J)
(x)
For footnotes, see pp. 52 and 53.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Pensions for 10 classes of
disability.2
First
class,
100 per
cent.
4 1,820
(351. 26)
1,820
(351.26)
2,045
(394. 69)
4 1,690
(326.17)
1,690
(326.17)
1,915
(369.60)
4 1,625
(313.63)
1,625
(313. 63)
1,850
(357.05
4 1,560
(301. 08)
1,560
(301.08)
1,785
(344.51)
4 1,430
(275.99)
1,430
(275.99)
1,655
(319. 42)
4 1,170
(225.81)
1,170
(225. 81)
1,395
(269.24)
4 975
(188.18)
975
(188.18
1,200
(231.60)
4 2,665
(514.35)
2,665
(514.35)
2,800
(540.40)
4 2,340
(451. 62)
2,340
(451.62)
2,565
(495.05)
4 1,950
(376.35)
1,950
(376.35)
2,175
(4l9, 78)
Second
class,
90 per
cent.
Third
class,
80 per
cent.
1,650
(318.45)
1 400
(270. 20)
1,400
(270. 20)
1,466. 66
(283.07)
1,500
(289.50)
1.300
(250.90)
1.300
(250.90)
1,333.33
(257.33)
1,425
(275.03)
1.250
(241.25)
1.250
(241.25)
1,266.66
(244. 47)
1,200
(231.60)
1,200
1,350
(260.55)
1,200
1,100
(212.30)
1,100
1,237.50
(238.84)
1,100
1,050
(202.65)
900
(173. 70)
900
(173. 70)
933.33
(180.13)
900
(173.70)
750
(144. 75)
750
(144.75)
800
(154.40)
2.050
(395. 65)
2.050
2,357.50
(455.00)
2,050
1,800
(347. 40)
1,800
2,070
(399.51)
1,800
1.500
(289. 50)
1.500
1.725
(332.93)
1.500
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR DEPEN D EN TS.
57
M ilita r y p e n sio n s— C on tin ued.
P R IV A T E S A N D T H E IR D E P E N D E N T S .
C. A m endm ents proposed b y the Commission, July 2 1 ,I9l6.]
[Amounts outside of paretheses in francs; am ounts inside of parentheses in dollars.]
Pensions to widows
and full orplians.3 .
Pensions for 10 classes of disability-2—Continued.
Fourth
class,
70 per
cent.
Fifth
class,
60 per
cent.
Sixth
class,
50 per
cent.
Seventh
class,
40 per
cent.
Eighth
class,
30 per
cent.
N inth
class,
20 per
cent.
Tenth
class,
10 per
cent.
Excep
Normal:
tional:
One-half
Threemaximum
fourths
retire
maximum
ment.
retirement.
916.65
(176.91)
1,100
(212.30)
916.65
(176.91}
733.33
(141.53)
880
(169.84)
733.33
(141.53)
550
(106.15)
660
(127.38)
550
(106.15)
366.66
(70.77)
440
(84.92)
366.66
(70.77)
183.33
(35.38)
220
(42.46)
183.33
(35.38)
700
(135.10)
700
1,050
(202.65)
1,050
283.33
(247.68)
1,100
(212.30)
1,200
(231.60)
1,100
(212.30)
700
1,050
833.33
(160.83)
1,000
J93.00)
833.33
(160.83)
666.66
(128.67)
800
(154.40)
666.66
(128.67)
500
(96.50)
600
(115.80)
500
(96.50)
333.33
(64.33)
400
(77.20)
333.33
(64.33)
166.66
(32.17)
200
(38.60)
166.66
(32.17)
650
(125.45)
650
(188.18)
975
1,166.66
(225.17)
1,000
(193.00)
1,100
(212.30)
1,000
(193.00)
650
975
791.65
(152. 79)
950
(183.35)
791.65
(152. 79)
633.33
(122.23)
760
(146.68)
633.33
(122.23)
475
(91.68)
570
(110.01)
475
(91.68)
316.66
(61.12)
380
(73.34)
316.66
(61.12)
158.33
(30.56)
190
(36.67)
158.33
(30.56)
625
(120.63)
625
937
(180.84)
937
1,108.33
(209.01)
950
(183.35)
1,050
(202.65)
950
(183.35)
625
937
600
(115.80)
720
(138.96)
600
(115.80)
450
(86.85)
540
(104.22)
450
(86.85)
300
(57.90)
360
(69.48)
300
(57.90)
150
(28.95)
180
(34.74)
150
(28.95)
600
(115.80)
600
900
(173.70)
900
1,050
(202.65)
900
750
(173.70)
(144.75)
1,000
900
(193.00) . (173.70)
900
750
(173. 70)
(144.75)
900
962.50
(185.76)
800
(154.40)
900
(173. 70)
825
(159.23)
666.66
(128.67)
800
(154.40)
687.50
(132. 69)
533.33
(102.93)
640
(123.52)
550
(106.15)
400
(77.20)
480
(92.64)
412.50
(79.61)
266.66
(51.47)
320
(61. 76)
275
(53.08)
600
...................
133.33
550
(25.73)
(106.15)
160
550
(30.88)
137.50
550
(26.54)
816.66
(157.62)
700
(135.10)
767
(148.03)
700
(135.10)
583.33
(112.58)
700
(135.10)
583.33
(112.58)
466.66
(90.07)
560
(108.08)
466.66
(90.07)
350
167.55)
420
(81.06)
350
(67.55)
233.33
(45.03)
280
(54.04)
233.33
(45.03)
116.66
(22.52)
140
(27.02)
116.66
(22.52)
700
(135.10)
600
(115.80)
650
(125.45)
600
(115.80)
500
(96.50)
600
(115.80)
500
(96.50)
400
(77.20)
480
(92.64)
400
(77.20)
300
(57.90)
360
(69.48)
300
(57.90)
200
(38.60)
240
(46.32)
200
(38.60)
100
(19.30)
120
(23.16)
100
(19.30)
1,450
(279.85)
1,650
(318.45)
1,450
(279.85)
1,300
(250.90)
1,467
283.13)
1,300
(250.90)
1,100
(212.30)
1,233
(237.97)
1,100
(212.30)
1,208.33
(233. 21)
1,450
(279.85)
1,208.33
(233. 21)
1,083.33
(209.08)
1,300
(250. 90)
1,083.33
(209.08)
916.66
(176.92)
1,100
(212.30)
916.66
(176.92)
966.66
(186.57)
1,160
(223.88)
966. 66
(186.57)
866.66
f 167.27)
1,040
(200. 72)
866.66
(167.27)
733.33
(141.53)
880
(169.84)
733.33
(141.53)
725
(139.93)
870
(167.91)
725
(139.93)
650
(125.45)
780
(150.54)
650
(125.45)
550
(106.15)
660
(127.38)
550
(106.15)
483.33
(93.28)
580
(111.94)
483.33
(93.28)
433.33
(83. 63)
520
(100.36)
433.33
(83.63)
366.66
(70. 77)
440
(84.92)
366.66
(70. 77)
241.66
(46.64)
290
(55.97)
241.66
(46.64)
216.66
(41.82)
260
(50.18)
216.66
(41.82
183.33
(35.38)
220
(42.46)
183.33
(35.38)
1,750
(337.75)
1,550
(299.15)
1,300
(250.90)
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450
1.86.85)
450
825
(159.23)
825
825
(130.28)
675
500
(96.50)
675
375
(72.38)
375
563
(108.66)
563
460
( 288.78)
563
(a)
767
; (148.03)
767
1,150
(221.95)
1,150
767
1,150
767
(148.03)
767
1,150
221.95)
1,150
767
1,150
750
(144.75)
750
1,125
(217.13)
1,125
750
1,125
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
58
Disabilities were loosely graded by custom and successive laws
until 1879, when a commission was appointed to list the various dis
abilities in a scale according to their severity. This scale was adopted
as a standard by both the Army and the Navy by the ministerial
decisions of July 23 and November 28, 1887, and, though slightly
modified in 1905 and 1907, it is still in force for the application of
disability pensions. The grading is largely arbitrary, based on the
need to meet the military classification rather than on a scientific
measurement of the real degree of the disability.1
ALLOWANCES FOR TEMPORARY DISABILITY .
No pension provision is made for multiple infirmities nor for incur
able infirmities graded below 60 per cent disability, nor for temporary
disabilities of whatever seriousness. These last two classes of invalid
ity are at least partially cared for in the case of officers by a pro
vision for “ inactivity for temporary disability, with disability pay
(solde de réforme)” ; also by their right to invalidity retirement after
25 years of service.2
For those below the grade of officer temporary disability is met by
a system of allowances (gratifications), either temporary or perma
nent.3 (See Schedule 13, below.) These, in the present régime,
S c h e d u l e 13.— F ran ce.
Schedule o f in d e m n ities {a/n/fiual^ a m o u n ts , renew able
m a n en t) f o r tem p o ra ry o r m in o r d isa b ilitie s.a
ot
'per
[Source: Decree Mar. 24,1915 (J. O. Mar. 28, 1915).]
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in francs; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.] .
Allowances for curable infir
m ities or wounds involving
at least 60 per cent disabil
ity .
Allowances for curable or incurable infirmities or
wounds involving less than 60 per cent disability.
Grades.
Seventh E ighth
Sixth
Fifth
Fourth
Third
Second
First
class, 100 class, 80 class, 60 class, 50 class, 40 class, 30 class, 20 class, 10
per
cent. per cent.
per cent. per cent. per cent. per cent. per cent. per cent.
1,820
(351.26)
1,690
(326.17)
1,625
(313.63)
1,560
(301.08)
1,430
(275.99)
1,170
(225.81)
975
(188.18)
1,400
(270.20)
1,300
(250.90)
1,250
(241.25)
1,200
(231.60)
1,100
(212.30)
900
(173.70)
750
(144.75)
1,100
(212.30)
1,000
(193.00)
950
(183.35)
900
(173.70)
800
(154.40)
700
(135.10)
600
(115.80)
910
(175.63)
832
(160.58)
791
(152.66)
750
(144.75)
666
(128.54)
582
(112.33)
500
(96.50)
730
(140.89)
666
(128.54)
633
(122.17)
600
(115.80)
533
(102.87)
466
(89.94)
400
(77.20)
550
(106.15)
500
(96.50)
475
(91.68)
450
(86.85)
400
(77.20)
350
(67.55)
300
(57.90)
368
(71.02)
334
(64.46)
318
(61.37)
300
(57.90)
268
(51.72)
234
(45.16)
200
(38.60)
184
(35.51)
168
(32.42)
159
(30.69)
150
(28.95)
134
(25.86)
118
(22.77)
100
(19.30)
a This indem nity for temporary disability does not at present e xist for officers. Their case is m et bv
their position oi “ inactivity for temporary infirm ities” w ith disability pay. (Law August 17, 1834, and
Law August 17, 1879; sde J. O. ch. ddp. doc. 1916, p. 1947.)
i Commission report July 21,1916 (J. O., ch. ddp. doc., sess. ord., 1916, vol. 3, A nnexe 2383, p. 1952).
* Law June 25,1861; law Aug. 17, 1879.
s Decree Jan. 3, 1857; decree Mar. 31,1906; decree Mar. 24,1915.
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MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
59
are quite distinct from pensions. They have been established
and developed as an emergency means of meeting an evident hard
ship; they are granted not as a right, but as a benevolent award
(concession gracieuse), and are therefore revocable for misconduct.
They are granted first as temporary aid, renewable for two-year
periods and subject to biennial medical examinations and reports.
But, according to the physician’s report, they may a t any time he
suppressed (if the disability falls below 10 per cent), converted into
a permanent indemnity (for an incurable affliction causing 10 per
cent to 50 per cent disability), or into a pension (if augmented to 60
per cent disability and pronounced incurable). Neither the tempo
rary nor the permanent allowance reverts to the widow.
The amounts granted in the first three grades (temporary dis
ability 100 per cent, 80 per cent, or 60 per cent) correspond to the
pensions given in classes 1 and 2, 3 and 4, 5 and 6, respectively (in
the last class, however, with the increase for extra years of service).
The amounts of the grades from 50 per cent to 10 per cent, curable or
incurable, are directly fixed by the decree.
The careful percentage grading and grouping of the disabilities
recompensed by these special allowances necessitated a more exact
listing of disabilities than that of 1887, which has been made to
serve, even to the present day, for the more arbitrary classification of
pension disabilities. The Government brought out in 1906 and again
in 1915 a medical disability guide scale,1 drawn up in accordance
with the dicta of modem medical science and civil jurisprudence, in
which infirmities are classed* according to their exact scientific meas
urement of disability and scaled from 100 per cent to 10 per cent.
The extraparliamentary commission, reporting in July, 1916, on the
proposed pension law, stated th a t a still more minute scale was in
preparation which will grade disabilities more closely and will be used
for the administration of the new pension law, as well as for the
special allowances.
The new law 2 concerning industrial reeducation and treatment of
disabled soldiers passed on July 6, 1917, provides that during the
period of reeducation, if the payment of the pension has not com
menced, the family continues to receive the separation allowance.
If the pension has been begun and if the one-twelfth part of it is less
than the monthly amount of the allowance granted to the family,
the difference will be given at the end of the period of reeducation.
In no case can the rate of pension be reduced on account of the profes
sional reeducation and réadaptation to work.
1 N ot found among available material.
J. O., sdn. ddb., July 6,1917, p. 709.
2
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60
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF
PENSION RIGHTS OF WIDOWS AND ORPHANS.
Widows and orphans have a right to a pension in the following cases :
(1) When the husband or father is killed on the field of battle, or d’es
as a result of wounds received there; (2) when he is killed on duty
under orders, or dies from wounds received thereby ; (3) when he dies
from diseases (endemic or contagious) contracted in service; (4)
when he dies in possession of a pension or rights to a pension; (5)
when legally declared “ missing.”1 In this case it is given only pro
visionally and after a waiting period, and immediate need is met by
emergency relief (secours immédiat) to those in receipt of official
notification that the soldier has been missing at least six months.
In the first case the pension is “ exceptional”—one-half (officers) or
three-fourths (noncommissioned officers and privates) of the amount
of the maximum retirement pension.
The “ normal” pension granted in the other four cases amounts to
one-third (officers) or one-half (noncommissioned officers and privates)
of the maximum retirement pension.
In all cases the marriage must have antedated the injury. The
amount of the widow’s pension is the same regardless of the existence
or number of children. Minors inherit the pension, passing down
their share, on coming of age, to the remaining minors. Only legiti
mate children are entitled to pensions. Children of a former mar
riage share on equal terms as individuals while the widow is living,
but on the death of the widow inherit the pension in two equal parts
with the children of the second marriage. No provision is at present
made for ascendants.2
PROPOSED LEGISLATION.3
In discussing the new law the commission dwells on the significance
of the modern army as a nation in arms, as compared with the old
professional army of celibates without family responsibilities. In the
new view pensions are regarded as a liquidation of social obligation
and should be so planned as to make reparation as justly as possible
for all the wounded, all the sick, all those dead as a result of war.
At several important points, therefore, along these lines, the, new
law aims to correct inadequacies and injustices of the old, as follows:
1.
I t fixes the amount of disability pensions without regard to the
pension for length of service, making them directly proportional to
the injury received. (See Schedule 12, p. 52.)
1 Laws Apr. 11 and 18, 1831, art. 19, 22; law Apr. 15, 1885; law D ec. 8, 1905; law Apr. 13, 1878, art. 38,
44; law Féb. 25, 1901, art. 48. Circular minister o i war Jan. 26, 1916; law Apr. 26, 1856, art. 1; law June
20,1878; law Aug. 18, 1879.
Laws Apr. 11 and 18, 1831, art. 21; decision of State council, June 13, 1845 (Recueil des Arrêts du
Conseil d’Etat, 1845, p. 353).
On July 6, 1917, th e Senate passed th e bill already passed b y the Chamber of Deputies to raise the
rate of military pensions in case of absolute blindness or the loss of tw o lim bs to the amounts stated in
the schedule of the proposed pension law. (J. O., July 7,1917.)
2
3
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MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
61
2. I t takes into consideration the matter of dependent children,
and provides for extra allowances as a matter of social assistance.
3. I t makes provision for illegitimate children treating them as
legitimate where no widow or legitimate children exist. If these
exist the illegitimate child is treated as the child of a former mar
riage. His position is established by recognition of parentage, either
voluntary or by court action (with certain reservations, however, in
regard to the sincerity of voluntary acknowledgment).
4. I t gives the disability pension, not on the old basis of ability to
render military service, but according to the exact degree of disa
bility, measured by medical science and charted in a revised guidescale. A proposal has been offered to make the workmen’s com
pensation law of 1898 applicable to military life,1but thè commission
on pensions gives as its opinion that it would be impracticable as
well as unjust to make the amount of pension for a war injury de
pend on the civil earning power.
5. I t holds that illness of any sort contracted in war service gives
legitimate claim to a pension, and it grants a pension on behalf of
those “ whose death is caused by a malady—whatever its n a tu re contracted in the course of dangers, accidents, or fatigues of service.”
6. I t holds that ascendants should count among dependents
having a right to consideration and proposes to make provision for
them in a life allowance fixed at a uniform amount regardless of grade.
S c h e d u l e 1 4 . —France.
Present and proposed provisions for ascendants.
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in francs; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
PRESENT LAW.
(Renewable emergency aid if ascendants are needy and if soldier left neither widow nor orphan. Amount
varies according to grade of soldier and age and resources of petitioner.)
Soldier...................- - ......... ......... ........ ................................................ 50- 70 ( 9.65-13.51)
Noncommissioned officer............ ...................................................... 60- 80 (11.58-15.44)
Lieutenant, first and second............................................................. 80-100 (15.11 19 30)
Captain.........................- ....................................................................... 90-120 (17.37-23.16)
Ma]or................. .................................................................................... 120-200 (23.16-38.60)
Lieutenant colonel, colonel............ ;................................................. 150-250(28.95-48.25)
General................... - - ..... ..................................................................... 200-400 (38.60-77.20)
J. O.. ch. d6p. doc. sess. ord., 1916, vol. 3, p. 1967.
PROPOSED LAW OP NOVEMBER 4, 1915.
Life allowance to needy cases for:
Mother alone....................................................... ............................
Father alone....................................................................................
Mother and father............................................................................
Grandmother alone.........................................................................
Grandfather alone............................................................................
Grandmother and grandfather.....................................................
J widow’s pension.
J widow’s pension.
£ widow’s pension.
jl widow’s pension.
£ widow’s pension.
j widow’s pension.
1J. O., ch. dép. doc. sess. ord., January-April, 1914, vol. 2, p. 1801.
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62
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EMBERS OF
To receive allowance: (1) There must be no widow or orphans; (2) ascendant must
be infirm and at least 60 years of age; (3) he must prove that soldier would have been
his support if alive; (4) ascendant nearest in degree has the only right to allowance.
J. O., ch. d6p. doc. sess. ord., 1916, vol. 3, p. 1967.
PROPOSED LAW AS MODIFIED BY THE COMMISSION.
Uniform renewable allowance regardless of grade:
Mother a lo n e ........................................................
Father alone......................................................
Mother and father..................................................
Grandmother alone....... ................. - .....................
Grandfather alone....................... ....... ..................
Grandmother and grandfather.............................
Given in form of relief through local civil courts,
unless court decides otherwise.
J. O., ch. d6p. doc. sess. ord., 1916, vol. 3, p. 1970.
..................................... 150(28.95)
................................
150(28.95)
............................. 250(48.25)
............................... ; . . 100(19.30)
........ ............................ 100(19.30)
........ ............................ 175 (33.77)
Officially renewed automatically
GOVERNMENT RELIEF.
In addition to the regular pensions and military allowances,
certain financial assistance is given by the ministry of war as relief
(secours) of various sorts.
IMMEDIATE RELIEF.
This relief is given in case of the soldier’s death to the widow or
orphans, or (failing these), to ascendants, or in rare cases to younger
dependent brothers and sisters of an unmarried soldier. The amount
varying from 150 francs ($28.95) for the family of a private to 800
francs ($154.40) for that of a general is given only once.
PERMANENT RELIEF.
Permanent relief is open to widows and orphans who have allowed
their pension claim to lapse ; to old soldiers who have lost their sight
or who have suffered amputation while in service but from causes
outside their service; to widows and orphans of officers who have
died in enjoyment of the disability allowance which is granted in the
absence of a pension (pension de réforme). The refief is given if the
applicants are found upon investigation to be worthy and in need,
and it is withdrawn only if they prove unworthy or if their financial
condition improves. The amount is variable within each grade
according to the resources of each case.
SPECIAL OR OCCASIONAL RELIEF (SECOURS ÉVENTUEL).
In cases worthy of attention, special relief may be given to soldiers,
having been through an active campaign or to their widows or orphans
(even if death takes place after active service has ceased) or to their
ascendants if they do not leave either widow or orphans. The
grant is purely gratuitous and is renewable only upon renewed request
and within the limits of the special budget appropriation. The
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MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
63
amount varies in each grade according to the length of service, the
age, and the resources of the applicant.
OTHER RELIEF.
Finally there is relief “ in anticipation of the pension” for the bene
fit of those awaiting their rights, and extreme emergency relief given
to the very needy. This is given in amounts varying from 5 to 10
francs (97 cents to $1.93).
The part played by the war relief (secours) as an adjunct to the
pension provision is indicated by the recent disbursements. The
official figures from the beginning of the war to October 1, 1916,
show appropriations amounting to 81,540,519 francs1 ($15,737,320)
for assistance, over 72,000,000 francs ($13,896,000) of which were to
be used for immediate relief.
Besides the relief extended directly from the War Department,
financial assistance is also available to soldiers’ families from the
“ Fund of National Subscription” (Offrandes Nationales). This is a
semi-independent institution but recognized as a public utility and
organized under ministerial supervision. Relief from this source can
be received in addition to a pension. Assistance is at present being
given to the following classes: (1) Soldiers wounded and rendered
infirm in service; (2) widows of soldiers who were married before
leaving active service; (3) soldiers’ orphans born during the time
of the father’s active service; (4) ascendants of soldiers killed by the
enemy or dying from illness contracted in service and leaving neither
widow nor orphans.
GUIDE BARÊME.
[Pour Obtenir une Pension M ilitaire.
Léon Parisot, E ditions e t Librairies, Paris, 1915, p. 26.]
CLASSIFICATION TABLE OF WOUNDS AND INFIRMITIES GIVING RIGHT TO A PENSION
ACCORDING TO THE CATEGORIES FIXED BY THE LAWS OF APRIL 11 AND 18, 1831.
CLASS I.
Total blindness.
CLASS II.
Amputation of two limbs.
CLASS III.
Amputation of one limb (hand or foot).
CLASS IV.
Total loss of use of two limbs, or equivalent infirmities:
1. Complete hemiplegia or paraplegia of traumatic origin or caused by fatigues of
service.
2. Serious disturbance of cerebral functions, loss of memory, of speech, imbecility,
dementia, mental aberration, etc., resulting from wounds of the head, con
gestion, insolation, meningo-encephalitis, fatigues of service, etc.
i
J. O., ch. d ip . doc. sess. ord., 1916, v. 3, A nnexe 2383, p. 1988.
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64
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF
3. General paralysis at the stage of incontinence of urine or feces.
4. Extensive mutilations of the face, including at the same time either the eye, the
orbit of the eye, and the upper jawbone on one side; the two upper jawbones
and the nose or an upper and a lower jawbone; the whole lower jaw and the
tongue.
5. Fistula of the stomach, artificial anus, opening from small intestine (resulting
from a wound).
6. Loss of the penis and testicles by a wound.
7. Simultaneous ankylosis of several joints of the upper and lower limbs, resulting
from rheumatic affections contracted in service.
CLASS V.
8. Tarso-metatarsal,
mediotarsal, sub-astragaloid amputation, when walking is pos
sible on the stump.
9. Incomplete hemiplegia and paraplegia, permitting some useful movements,
caused by traumatism or fatigues of service.
10. General progressive paralysis at the static stage, caused by fatigues of service.
11. Progressive locomotor ataxia, caused by fatigues of service.
12. Epilepsy, epileptiform attacks, chorea, functional spasms, paralysis agitans,
spasmodic or other neuroses (motor or sensory), resulting from trauma or
occurrence of service.
13. Paralysis of an important organ (muscles of the eye, of the tongue, of the pharynx,
of the larynx, of the bladder, etc.), caused by traumatism or fatigues of service.
14. Progressive muscular atrophy, affecting a whole limb or two limbs incompletely
or extending to the muscles of the trunk, and caused by fatigues of service.
15. An ulcer or ulcerated scar resulting from a great loss of tissue.
16. Elephantiasis, leprosy, or ulcers, deep, extensive, or numerous, due to a hot
climate.
17. A deep and extensive scar of the skull with loss of tissue of the pericranium, and
of the whole thickness of the bone, caused by traumatism or an operation.
18. Persistent deviation of the head or trunk producing marked limitation of move
ment and resulting from traumatism or an affection contracted during service
(lesion of the spine or muscles).
19. Complete deafness of both ears, resulting from a wound or from a disease contracted
during service.
20. The destruction or atrophy of an eye or complete loss of sight, or a very apparent
external deformity of the eyeball (staphyloma, leucoma, hernia of the iris, etc.).
21. Loss of sight of one eye, diminution of the.sight of the other, or weakening of visual
acuity of less than \ in both eyes, resulting from disease contracted in service
(granular ophthalmia, irido-choroiditis, papillary atrophy, etc.).
22. Deformity of the face, of the eyelids, and of the lachrymal ducts; loss of the nose,
etc., causing an important limitation of function and resulting from traumatism.
23. Deformity of either jaw with extensive loss of tissue, deviation of the rows of teeth,
or loss of the greater part of the teeth, or destruction of the hard palate or the soft
palate; or ankylosis of the temporo-mandibular articulation,- caused by a wound.
24. A permanent fistula or constriction of the respiratory passages from traumatic
causes (fracture of the larynx, injury to the trachea, etc.), laryngo-tracheotomy
performed for a disease contracted in service.
25. Persistent fistula or constriction of the pharynx and the oesophagus as a result of
wounds.
26. Persistent fistula or considerable contraction of the thorax either from traumatic
causes or from pleurisy or from the operation for empyema, if the disease was
occasioned by the fatigues or dangers of service, independently of any constitu
tional predisposition.
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M ILITARY FORCES AN D TH EIR DEPEN D EN TS.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
65
Irreducible hernia of the lung from traumatic causes.
Chronic affection of the heart and large blood vessels from traumatic causes or
from a rheumatic or infectious disease contracted in service.
Chronic bronchitis complicated 'with emphysema and with a heart affection or
attacks of asthma caused by fatigues of service.
Tuberculosis of the respiratory organs (larynx, lunge, pleural cavities) or of the
digestive organs (intestine, peritoneum, other viscera) caused by fatigues of
sendee and independent of any appreciable constitutional predisposition.
A chronic affection of the stomach, following upon an endemic disease of hot
climates, or caused by a long stay in these climates or by the fatigues of service.
Dysentery or chronic diarrhea, producing a general undermining of the constitu
tion, contracted in a hot climate or in field service.
Chronic enlargement or abscess of the liver due to the influence of the marshes or
to a long stay in a hot climate.
Cachexia due to life in the marshes with deterioration of the constitution and
enlargement of the viscera, or nephritis, or dropsy.
An extensive ventral hernia or eventration.
Faecal fistula from traumatic causes.
Constriction or prolapsus of the rectum; incurable fistula of the anus, following
wounds or diarrhea or dysentery in hot climates.
Nephritis or purulent cystitis, stone in the bladder or kidney; fistula of the
bladder or urethra, incurable constriction or irremediable loss of tissue of the
urethra, causing incontinence or retention of the urine, due to traumatic causes.
Loss of the penis, or loss or destruction of both testicles (from traumatic causes).
Abscess from symptomatic congestion of an incurable lesion of the spine or pelvis
from traumatic causes or fatigues of service.
Complete impotence of a limb resulting from paralysis of traumatic origin, rheu
matic or other; muscular atrophy of rheumatic or other origin, chronic suppura
tive arthritis of a main joint, of rheumatic or other origin; deformity or ankylosis
of the joints following chronic rheumatism or retraction of the muscles and
tendons or from cicatricial adhesions; a considerable deviation or shortening
as a result of a fracture badly healed or an operative resection; psexidoarthrosis
following a fracture or a resection; chronic generalized periosteo-myelitis, from
traumatic causes; a dislocation of a main articulation -without reduction;
diffuse aneurism or an extensive arteriovenous aneurism caused by a wound.
Complete ankylosis of the shoulder; of the elbow in extension; of the hip, flexed
or with a deviation of the leg; of the knee flexed; of the foot badly twisted or
dislocated (resulting from resection, or from rheumatic or other affection result
ing from fatigues of sendee).
Permanent flexion or extension of all the fingers of the hand from traumatic
causes or an affection contracted in service.
Simultaneous loss of thumb and index finger with or without the loss of the corre
sponding metacarpals.
Loss of three fingers with their metacarpals; of the four last fingers of the hand;
of two fingers with a limitation of movement or a deviation of the remaining
fingers and atrophy of the hand.
Loss of the first two metatarsals or of the last three metatarsals.
CLASS VI.
47. Extensive, painful, contracted, ulcerated or adhesive scars of deeper tissues or
organs, or those accompanied with muscular hernia causing a serious limita
tion of function in whatever part of the body.
48. Persistent fistula caused by necrotic or carious periostitis of traumatic origin.
1073*5°—17-----5
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GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS EOR M EM BERS OE
or a disease contracted in service51. (Unnecessary. It concerns loss of sight in one eye which, by decision of Mar. 1,
1907, has been listed in Class V, No. 21.)
52. Inguinal or crural hernia (one or both sides) when it is irreducible or presents
unusual difficulties in its mastery.
53. Extensive and permanent hemorrhoids causing weakening of the constitution
and developed during a stay in a hot climate.
54. Hydrocele or hematocele grown incurable by the thickening of the tunica vaginalis
or by any other complication, originating in a traumatism attributable to the
service.
55. Marked or serious varices, complicated with permanent edema, with pronounced
trophic disturbance or with ulcers; obstructed veins.
56. Incomplete paralysis or atrophy of one limb from trauma, rheumatism (sciatic or
other), attributable to fatigues of service.
57. Partial deviation and partial retraction of a limb by muscular contraction or
paralysis, adhesive scars, or cicatricial bands.
58. Irregular misshapen calluses with a superposition of one bone on another, or a
malposition, osteitis or cicatricial adhesions resulting from a fracture of the
long bones of the limbs, the bones of the pelvis, or the shoulder blade, and
causing a considerable limitation of function.
59. Nonsuppurative chronic arthritis of a main articulation (of traumatic, rheumatic,
or other origin) attributable to fatigues or dangers of service.
60. Complete ankylosis of the elbow flexed; of the wrist with limitation of the move
ments of pronation and supination and of the fingers; of the hip with the leg
straight; of the knee in extension; of the foot deformed, enlarged, or atrophied,
and limited in the free motion of the toes (as a result of traumatism, of resec
tion, or of an affection—rheumatic or other—caused by the fatigues of service.
61. Unreduced dislocation of the wrist or of the bones of the instep, when they pro
duce a serious limitation of function.
62. Unreduced dislocation of the thumb or of the great toe, accompanied by cicatricial
adhesions and by stiffness of the other fingers and toes.
63. Permanent flexion or extension of three fingers, a limitation of movement in the
other fingers, and atrophy of the hand and forearm.
64. Loss of the thumb with or without loss of its metacarpal.
65. Loss of two fingers, with loss at the same time of the corresponding metacarpals;
of two fingers, with stiffness of the remaining fingers. All other analogous
mutilation of the hand involving a serious limitation of function.
66. Loss of all the toes of one foot ; of the first metatarsal and the great toe; of two other
metatarsals.
REITERENCES.
Bulletin des Lois du Royaume de France, IX e série, tome II, Paris,
1831.
Bulletin des Lois de l'Empire Français, X Ie série, tome VII, Paris,
1856.
Journal Officiel de la République Française, Paris.
Duvergier. Collection Complète des Lois, Décrets, Ordonnances et
Règlements, Paris.
Duvergier. Législation de la Guerre de 1914, Paris.
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M ILITARY FORGES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
67
Dalloz. Guerre de 1914, Documents Officiel, Textes Législatifs et
Règlementaires, Paris.
Ministère de .l'Armement et des Fabrications de la Guerre. Bulletin
des Usines de Guerre, Paris.
Bulletin du Ministère du Travail et de la Prévoyance Sociale, Paris.
Bulletin Officiel du Ministère de la Guerre, Paris.
Pour Obtenir une Pension Militaire. Paris, Léon Parisot, Editions
et Librairies, 1915.
ABBREVIATIONS.
J. O. Journal Officiel (daily edition).
J. O. ch. dép. doc. sess. ord. Journal Officiel, Chambre des Députés, Documents;
session ordinaire.
J. O. sén. déb. Journal Officiel, Sénat, Débats.
Bull, du min. du travail. Bulletin du Ministère du Travail et de la Prévoyance
Sociale.
Bull. off. min. de la guerre. Bulletin officiel du Ministère de la Guerre.
Dalloz. Dalloz. Guerre de 1914, Documents Officiels, Textes Législatifs et Régle
mentaires.
GERMANY.1'
PROVISIONS FOR DEPENDENTS OF MEN IN ACTIVE SERVICE.
SEPARATIO N ALLOW ANCES.2
Separation allowances are paid to members of soldiers’ families3 on
a scale varying according to the season. Minimum, allowances paid to
,-the wife are 15 marks ($3.57) monthly from May to October, inclu
sive, and to other- dependents 7.50 marks ($1.79) monthly. From
November to April, inclusive, the minimum allowances are 20
marks ($4.76) to the wife and 10 marks ($2.38) to other dependents.
Minimum allowances are paid from the imperial treasury. All
sums in addition to the minimum allowances prescribed are granted
from the local treasuries.
1 The German material was prepared by Mfts Marguerite D . Darkow.
2 L atest status, January, 1-9.17, according to law s of Jan.,21,1916, and Dec. 3, 1916. (Reichsgesetzblatt,
1916, pp. 55, 1323.)
s Separation allowances are granted in case of need to fam ilies of members of the reserves, Landwehr,
complementary reserves (Ersatzreserve), Seewehr, Landsturm, of m en on leave of absence a t the disposi
tion of th e marine division of troops, of war volunteers above th e age lim it for compulsory service, and
under personnel of the voluntary medical corps; to fam ilies of men legally obliged to serve in active service;
of men who on account of the war have been unable to return hom e, provided it seem s plausible that.they
have been prevented b y imprisonment, civil or m ilitary, in enem y countries; of m en who at the age for
compulsory military service are detained in neutral countries and on account of enem y measures are
unable to return home; of men w ho.at th e age for compulsory military service have been carried off by
the enem y; of members of active troops who have finished their tim e of active service in peace tim e and
have been placed in the reserves; of m en (17 to 20 years of age) not y e t obliged to serve who have volun
teered or been drafted; of war volunteers who are in no way bound to the army; of soldiers discharged as
being permanently unserviceable; of women in the under personnel of the voluntary medical corps. This
includes practically all the fighting men of Germany, excepting levied recruits on leave of absence, men
who are entered as volunteers under certain conditions, and war volunteers not yet 17 years old.
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GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EMBERS OF
The persons entitled to allowances are the following :
Wife.
Separated wife.................. If she is innocent and husband is obliged to pay main
tenance. Law does not state whether amount of allow
ance for full wife or for other dependent is granted;
probably the latter.
Legitimate child__ , ........ Under 15 years of age.
Illegitimate child............. If the father’s obligation to support the child has been
established.
Illegitimate child of wife
brought into marriage,
although her husband
is not the father.
Child over 15 years of age.
Orphan grandchild under
15 years of age.
Orphan grandchild over
15 years of age.
Stepchild.
If formerly supported by the soldier or if the need of
Foster child adopted be-' maintenance first appeared after he entered the sendee,
fore the war.
Relative of husband in
ascending line.
Relative of wife in as
cending line.
Sister or brother.
Step-parent
Step brother or sister.
Foster parent adopted be
fore the war.
,
The allowance to ascendants or collaterals is the same no matter
how many sons or brothers are in the field.
No separation allowance is granted except in case of need. The
law of January 21, 1916, states that maintenance is to be paid if
the total income of the soldier and his family is placed by the last
assessment of taxes at 1,500 marks ($357.30) or less, or 1,200 marks
($285.84) or less, or 1,000 marks ($238.20) or less, according to the
size of the community in which the family lives.
If the actual income of a person applying for maintenance is essen
tially higher or lower than that of the class in which the family is
rated for the purpose of taxation, or if no such rating has been made,
the distributive agencies (Lieferungsverbande) fix the figure at which
the family income shall be rated for determining the applicant’s
eligibility. By determination of the central authorities (Landeszentralbehorde) this is true also for those federated States in which
income tax is not collected. As a rule no claim upon maintenance
exists if the income of the soldier’s family has not decreased or if
other facts justify the assumption that maintenance is unnecessary.
A little property or capital should not, however, interfere with the
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M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPE N D E N T S.
69
grant. " I t is not in accordance with the spirit of the law that the
family should first use up its own small property.”
The sums of money specified in the schedule must be paid to the
beneficiaries by the distributive agencies, no matter what private
allowances (whether of money, food, or what not) or State allow
ances (e. g., to relatives or State employees) are given. Wherever
these sums of money are inadequate to enable the beneficiaries to
maintain a modest mode of living or to provide the necessities of
fife, the distributive agencies are supposed to give additional sums
of money or supplies. Each agency has a commission which decides
in each case on the need of the claimants and the amount of relief
to be given. It may demand data from the local authorities on the
circumstances of individual families.
Citizenship in Germany is not essential to the payment of the
separation allowance. Thus the needy illegitimate child of a man
fighting under the German colors receives the allowance even if it
has Austrian citizenship by its mother. Thus, also the mother,
supported by a German soldier, receives the allowance, even if she
has become an Austrian.
Application is made by the family to the community magistrate
or to the subcommittee of the soldier’s usual residence. Here the
matters of right to allowance, relationship, need, previous support,
etc., are examined. The application is then laid before the suitable
committee of the distributive agency, which makes the final decision.
All expedition is used and questions not immediately pertinent are
abandoned.1
Allowances are paid twice a month in advance, from the time of
mobilization to the time of the soldier’s return; payment is not
interrupted for the time spent by the soldier at home on sick leave.
If the soldier becomes a deserter or is sentenced to a six-months’
prison term or to a severer punishment, the payment of allowances
is suspended until he reenters service.
If the soldier dies in service or is reported missing, the allowance
is continued to the family until the army unit to which he belonged
is either brought to its peace footing or is dissolved, unless his sur
vivors are entitled to a dependents’ pension. In such case the
separation allowances are continued for three months after the time
when the survivors’ pension becomes due.2 The allowances paid
during these three months are considered advance payments on
account of the survivors ’ pension, and are subtracted therefrom.
According to the Soziale Praxis (Jan. 6, 1916, p. 323) the wages of
soldiers 3 reported captured or missing are paid to the soldier’s family
1 Laws of Feb. 28, 1888; Aug. 4, 1914; Jan. 21, 1916; Lee. 3, 1916 (R. G. Bl. 1888, p 59' 1914 p 3*2-1916
pp. 55, 1323).
’
2 Law of Sept. 30, 1915, R . G. Bl. 1915, p. 629; law of May 17, 1907, R . G. B l. 1907, p. 214.
3 According to Rimrod, Was m uss jeder Kriegsteilnehmer von der Kriegsversorgung w issenf (Muenchen
1915) the war pay of the private soldier amounts to 15.90 marks (13.78) a month.
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70
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
provided the family is receiving the maintenance allowance from the ’
Government. Nephews or nieces may also receive this money if the
soldier captured or missing was their chief or whole support.
ASSIG N ED PA Y .1
Men in army service may during the war assign part of their pay
to their families, either in regular monthly or in lump-sum payments.
Pay may be assigned, however, only when it is necessary to help
support the family.
The maximum assigned pay for commissioned officers is seventenths of their war pay and for noncommissioned officers and privates
seven-tenths of their wages according to rank. The minimum pay of
a private soldier is 15.90 marks ($3.78) per month. Unmarried men
may assign their pay only if members of their families at home are
dependent on them. The sole beneficiaries are wife and children
and such members of the family as were wholly or chiefly supported
by the soldier.
Monthly payments are made either by local banks or by postal
money order, and continue when the soldier is captured by the
enemy, missing, or sick in a hospital.
INDEM NITY TO FAM ILIES FOR SO NS IN TH E ARMY, NAVY, OR COLONIAL
FORCES.2
By a decree of March 26, 1914 (R. G. Bl., 1914, p. 57), an in
demnity was granted to families whose sons (legitimate or illegiti
mate before the law), by serving their two or three years’ time of
active service in the army, navy, or colonial forces, had served six years
altogether as noncommissioned officers or privates. Thus, to take
the simplest case, two sons might have served three years each. For
every further year of service of any of its sons in the same rank of
service (Dienstgrad) the family receives on application an annual in
demnity of 240 marks ($57.17). In the case of service in the colonial
forces, the indemnity is paid even if the beneficiaries are not living
in the colonies.
The beneficiaries are (a) parents; if these are not living, (6) grand
parents, but only if they are unable to work and were permanently
supported by the soldier up to the time of his enlistment. In the
case of grandparents, the years of service must be those of sons of the
same son of the grandparent. If there are step-parents, their claim
precedes that of grandparents, but depends, as with grandparents,
upon their having been permanently supported by the soldier up to
the time of his enlistment. In the case of step-parents, the times of
1 The treatment of this subject is taken from M. Adam, Das MiHtärversorgungsrecht, etc., Berlin, Kame
radschaft, 1916, pp. 322-328.
2 Source: M. Adam, Das MiHtärversorgungsrecht, etc., Berlin, Kameradschaft, 1916, pp. 362-367.
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M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPE N D E N T S.
71
service of full and half brothers are counted together. The time of
service is counted from the day of enlistment to the day of dismissal,
but a leave of absence of more than three months is excluded.
Application must be made for the indemnity to the magistrate of
the community in which the beneficiary has his usual residence.
From him it passes to a lower administrative authority, who ex
amines into the time of service of the sons and the troops to which
they belonged. Finally, the central authorities of the State (Landeszentralbehorde) receive the application, decide whether or not to
grant it, and give notice for payment to an appropriate bank. The
payments, based on a monthly sum of 20 marks ($4.76) are made
twice a year—on April 1 and October 1.
The claim upon this indemnity ceases six months after the son is dis
missed from the service or dies. Payment is discontinued (a) if and
while the son, before the end of his legally required time of active
service, is on leave of absence; (6) if he is absent from duty for longer
than four weeks; (c) if he is punished by imprisonment of more than
six weeks. In the second case, if no guilt on his part is proved, the
omitted payments are refunded. In either the second or the third
case, if he is absent from service for more than 10 days in any one
month, payment for that month is cut off.
M ATERNITY B E N E F IT S.1
The maternity benefits granted under the imperial insurance code
of 1911 have been extended by the laws of December 3, 1914, January
28, 1915, and April 23, 1915,2 to include:
1. Wives of men who are performing military, medical, or similar
service in the war for the Empire, or who are prevented therefrom or
from again pursuing a wage-earning occupation by death, injury,
sickness, or capture, provided they were insured against sickness
in accordance with the imperial insurance code or in a miners’ sickness
insurance fund at least 26 weeks in the 12 months preceding their en
trance into the service, or a t least 6 weeks immediately before the
same time.
2. Wives of men who belong, or did belong until the outbreak of the
war or after, to the paid crews of German ships and who are not insured
against sickness according to section 165, paragraph 1, No. 7, of the
imperial insurance code; who receive not more than 2,500 marks
($595.50) per year compensation; and who are performing military,
medical, or similar service in the war for the Empire or are prevented
therefrom or from again pursuing a wage-earning occupation by
death, injury, sickness, or capture.
1A very condensed statem ent based on M. Adam, D a s MilitarvcrsorgungsrecM, etc., Berlin, Kameradschaft, 1916, pp. 368-386.
a It. G. B l., 1914, p. 492; 1915, pp. 49, 257.
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GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF
3. Wives of men who are performing military, medical, or similar
service in the war for the Empire, or who are prevented therefrom or
from again pursuing a wage-earning occupation by death, injury,
sickness, or capture, provided the wives are in needy circumstances
(minder bemittelt), that is, (a) if they receive separation allowance; or
(b) if the total income of wife and husband in the fiscal year before
his entrance into the service did not exceed 2,500 marks ($595.50); or
(c) if the income remaining to the wife after the husband has entered
the service does not exceed 1,500 marks ($357.30) or, if she has already
x living children under 15 years, does not exceed 1,500 marks plus
250a: marks ($357.30 + $59-.55s). Mothers of illegitimate children
receive the maternity benefits, provided the child receives separation
allowance.
4. Pregnant women who belong, or did belong until the outbreak
of the war or after, to the paid crew of a German ship and who are
not insured against sickness according to section 165, paragraph 1,
No. 7, of the imperial insurance code also receive the maternity
benefits, if the women have no claim upon this grant through their
husbands.
The maternity benefits consist of:
(а) A single contribution to the expenses of confinement, 25
marks ($5.95).
(б) A lying-in grant of 1 mark (24 cents) per day, including Sun
days and holidays, for 8 weeks, 6 of which must be after confinement.
(c) Contribution up to 10 marks ($2.38) for midwife and doctor if
necessary, prior to time of confinement.
(d) Nursing premiums to mothers while they nurse their babies,
one-half mark (12 cents) per day, including Sundays and holidays,
until the twelfth week after confinement.
The benefits are distributed by the sickness insurance fund to
which the husband last belonged, but if the woman herself is insured
in another insurance fund of this type, the latter pays the benefits.
The woman applies to the distributive agency (Lieferungsverband),
or to a sickness insurance fund if she belongs to one. Maternity
benefits and separation allowances are paid in the same place. If no
separation allowance is drawn, the maternity benefit is paid at the
end of every week.
The constitution of the individual sickness insurance fund may
decide whether free treatment by midwife and doctor, as well as
medicine, are to be given instead of the first and third benefits men
tioned above. If women are entitled to the lying-in benefit by
section 195 of the imperial insurance code of 1911, but not through
their husbands, the sickness insurance fund must pay benefits a, b}
and c out of its own means. Otherwise the grants are refunded by
the Government.
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M ILITARY FQRCE& A N D TH EIR DEPEN D EN TS.
73
PEN SIO N S.1
DISABILITY PEN SIO N S.
(1) Disability 'pensions are granted according to rank, salary,
length of service, and extent of disability. Officers’ disability pen
sions increase after the tenth year of service, and in certain cases
may be supplemented by additional allowances (accessory pension in
case of need and during indigence) until the pension reaches a cer
tain limiting sum. For noncommissioned officers and privates, the
disability pension depends upon the extent of disability, and is in
creased for those who according to budget received a pensionable
bonus, such as good conduct pay. (A “ pensionable” sum of money
is a sum which is used as the basis or part basis of the sum on which
the pension is calculated.) The minimum pension for total disability
for a private is 540 marks ($128.63).
(2) A mutilation bonus is provided for all officers and soldiers for
the loss of (or serious disturbance in the functioning of) a foot, a leg,
a hand, an arm, speech, hearing (both ears), one eye if the other is
impaired, or such injury to health that nursing is needed. This
bonus is doubled in case of loss of sight (both eyes), and may be
increased to the double amount if the beneficiary is permanently
confined to bed or suffers from some mental disorder. The bonus,
is between two and three times as large for officers as it is for non
commissioned officers and privates. Officers: 900 marks ($214.38),
1,800 marks ($428.76); noncommissioned officers and privates: 324
marks ($77.18), 648 marks ($154.36).
(3) A war bonus 2 is provided for persons entitled to a pension on
account of an injury received in war. This is from four to seven
times as high for an officer (720 marks or 1,200 marks—$171.50 or
$285.84) as it is for a noncommissioned officer or a private (180
marks—$42.88).
(4) An old-age bonus is provided for recipients of the war or aviation
bonus who are over 55 years of age (or under if they are completely
unfit for work), provided their total income is under 3,000 marks
($714.60) a year for an officer, and 600 marks ($142.92) a year for
1T he German pension system depends upon three basic laws: Law of May 31,1906, on th e pensions of
officers (including medical officers) of th e army, navy, and colonial forces (R . G. B1.1906,p. 565); law of May
31, 1906, on th e pensions of persons of lower rank in the army, navy, and colonial forces (R . G. B l. 1906, p.;
593); law of May 17, 1907, on the pensions of dependents of members of th e army, navy, and colonial forces
(R . G. B l. 1907, p. 214). In addition there are various amendments w hich are (except where otherwise
specified) embodied in the schedules: (a) Law of June 29,1912, providing pensions for aeronauts and their
dependents (R. G. B l. 1912, p. 415); (b) law of July 3,1913, increasing a few of the figures in the second pen
sion law of May 31, 1906 (R . G. Bl. 1913, p. 496); (c) law of Aug. 4,1914, providing war pensions for certain
officials of th e civil administration and their dependents (R . G. B l. 1914, p. 335); (d) law of June 9,1916,
changing a few regulations for the suspension of pensions as given in th e first pension law of May 31,1906
(R . G. B l. 1916, p. 492); (e) law of July 11,1916, concerning the indemnification of beneficiaries by capital in
place of the war pension (R . G. B l. 1916, p. 680).
2 Of the war bonus, the aviation bonus, the Tropics bonus, and the accessory pension for climate and
shipwreck, no tw o m ay be granted sim ultaneously.
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GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
a noncommissioned officer or a private. The bonus raises their total
income to these specified sums.
(5) A n aviation bonus 1 is provided for persons entitled to a pen
sion on account of an injury received in aviation.
(6) A n accessory pension1 for foreign climate and shipwreck is
granted to members of the Navy and colonial forces. The amounts
of (5) and (6) are the same as those granted for war bonus.
(7) A Tropics bonus1 is granted to members of the colonial forces
who have become entitled to a pension on account of the extraordi
nary influences of the climate during a sojourn in the colonies, Or
as a result of the peculiar perils of the colonial service. This
bonus is from two to four times as high for officers as for noncom
missioned officers and privates, and increases with increasing time
of service in the colonies.
(8) A certificate showing claim to a post in the civil service is granted
on retirement to disabled noncommissioned officers and privates,
in addition to the disability pension, but only if they appear worthy
and serviceable to the superior officials. Otherwise, in certain cases,
a yearly indemnity is provided for this certificate. Or the beneficiary
may choose to exchange this certificate for the yearly indemnity or
for it single sum of money 8,000 marks ($714.60) if useful expenditure
is guaranteed.
(9) A service pension of lifelong duration, increasing with years of
service, is provided for noncommissioned officers and privates who
have served over 18 years and are not entitled to .a disability pension.
Salary on basis of which pension is calculated includes the fol
iowhig:
For the Army.
(a) Officers: 1. Salary according to pay roll (compare Schedule
16). For lieutenants the salary of infantry lieutenants only, with
the exception of lieutenants of artillery, depot pyrotechnics, fortifi
cations, train depot, and manager of the corps of cadet with the rank
of officer. 2. Lodging allowance; or, if lodging is provided by the
service, its equivalent in money as stated in the pay roll. 3. Contribu
tions of 500 marks ($119.10) for officers, from commander of brigade
(inclusive) down, for servants’ wages. 4. Supplementary allowances,
according to pay roll for officers from commander of brigade (in
clusive) up. If these amount to more than 900 marks ($214.38) , only
two-thirds of the amount are included. 5. For lieutenants (second
and first): Right to eat at officers’ mess, valued at 108 marks ($25.73);
right to hospital care, 100 marks ($23.82). In time of war the pen
sionable income is that of the peace rank which corresponds to the
i o f the war bonus, the aviation bonus, the Tropics bonus, and the accessory pension for climate and
shipwreck, no tw o m ay be granted sim ultaneously.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
M ILITARY FORCES AND THE-IR D E P E N D E N T S.
75
war rank last held by the officer. The same is true after the war.
In case the disability is due to war, and a higher pensionable income
had not been attained in time of peace, the former is used as the
basis of pension calculation.
(ò) Officers of the Army reserves ; Pensionable income of infantry
of the same rank.
(c) Officials in Army: Lowest income of corresponding peace time
rank, or income of rank actually occupied or promoted to in peace
time, if the income of this rank is higher. This holds also after the
war, if the disability is due to the war.
(d) Officials of the Army reserves : Income of corresponding peace
time rank ; where several salaries go with a rank, the highest is chosen.
(e) Officials of the civil administration, and the churches in the
Army: Income of thè civil position last held in peace time.
For the Navy.
(а) Officers: 1. Salary according to pay roll. 2. For officers from
vice admiral (inclusive) down: The lodging allowance, or, if lodging
is supplied, its equivalent in money according to pay roll. 3. For
officers from rear admiral (inclusive) down; allowance for servant
500 marks ($119.10). 4. For officers from rear admiral (inclusive)
up: Supplementary allowances. If these are Over 900 marks
($214.38), only two-thirds of the amount is included. 5. Additions
to salary (Besoldungszuschuss) : If over 900 marks ($214.38), only
two-thirds counts. 6. For first and second lieutenants: 108 marks
($25.73) for right to eat at officers’ mess; 100 marks ($23.82) for
right to hospital care. 7. For medical officers the additions for
length of service and voyage bonuses are included.
(б) Deck officers (noncommissioned officers): 1. Salary according
to pay roll. 2. Bonus for sea voyages and specialists’ bonus, drawn
on leaving service. 3. Right to accommodation in hospital, 100
marks ($23.82).
(c) For all other officers and officials of the Navy and Naval re
serves, same as for corresponding officers and officials in the Army
or Army reserves.
For the Colonial Forces.
The income on the basis of which pensions are calculated is the
pensionable income of the corresponding rank in the Army or Navy.
In the case of officials, if there is no "corresponding rank in the Army or
Navy, the imperial chancellor fixes the amount of the pensionable
income and pension.
Minimum disability 'pension for a private.—If the working ability
of a private who is under 55 years of age is decreased 10 per cent by
an injury sustained in the service (but not in time of war or as a result
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
76
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
of aviation), he receives on retirement a yearly pension of 54 marks
($12.86) as long as his fitness for work remains decreased 10 per cent.
Since he has not been mutilated, he receives no mutilation bonus.
If he appears unworthy or unserviceable in the eyes of the superior
officials, he receives no certificate showing claim to a post in the civil
service and no indemnity for the loss of this certificate.
Maximum disability pension for a private.—(a) If the private’s
ability to work is decreased 100 per cent on account of an injury
sustained in the service, he receives on retirement a yearly pension
equal to 540 marks ($128.63). If the injury is a major mutilation,
such as the loss of sight (both eyes), the private receives 648 marks
($154.35) a year mutilation bonus in addition; and if the injury was
received in war or aviation, he receives the war or aviation bonus of
180 marks ($42.88). He will probably not be granted the certificate
showing claim to a post in the civil service, because he will hardly
appear competent to the superior officials. In the case of a private
during his first enlistment, the law provides no indemnity for the loss
of this certificate. Total pension, 1,368 marks ($325.86) per year.
(5) If the private has reenlisted and receives an injury in the
service which decreases his working ability 100 per cent he receives
on retirement a yearly pension of 540 marks ($128.63). If the
injury is a major; mutilation—loss of sight (both eyes), the private
receives 648 marks ($154.35) mutilation bonus. Moreover, if the
injury was received in war or aviation he is entitled to the war or
aviation bonus of 180 marks ($42.88) yearly. He is not granted the
certificate showing a claim to a post in the civil service, because of
incompetence; but because he has served 12 years he receives instead
an indemnity of 240 marks ($57.17) per year, which is granted
because he is a reenlisted private. Total pension, 1,608 marks
($383.03) per year.
The mutilation bonus in cases (a) and (b) may be larger. Thus
a man may receive for the loss of 2 arms and 2 legs (or 2 hands and
2 feet) 4 times 324 marks ($77.18), or 1,296 marks ($308.71); for
the loss of speech, 324 marks ($77.18); for the loss of hearing (both
ears), 324 marks ($77.18); in all, 1,944 marks ($463.06). This will
make the total pension (a) equal 3,312 marks ($788.92); (6), 3,552
marks ($846.09).
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
S c h e d u l e 15.— G erm any.
P en sio n s f o r d isa b ility or service.
A. COMMISSIONED O FFICERS OF T H E ARM Y, N A V Y , A N D COLONIAL FORCES.
Key: S equals pensionable salary (see pp. 83, 85). 7 equals income after leaving the service. M. equals marks, German monetary unit, equivalent to $0.2382.
[Source: Reichsgesetzblatt, 1906, p. 565; 1912, p. 415; 1914, p. 335.]
[Amounts followed by M. are in marks; other amounts are in dollars.]
Beneficiaries i
having salary
equivalent
to that of—
Mutilation bonus.8
Disability pension.8
Additional bonus (alternatives).
■
Increase
for each
year in
excess
of 30.5
Increase
for each
year in
excess
of 10.5
R e g im e n ta l
commander,
or higher.
33$% of S
H % o tS
|% of S
75% of S
Officers lower
th a n r e g i
mental com
mander and
higher than
captain.
33$% of S
H% of S
1§% of S
75% of S
Captain.............
33$% of S
lf% o fS
1$% of S
75% of S
First lieuten-.
ant.18
Second lieuten
ant.
33$% of S
1§% of S
1|% of S
75% of S
33$% of S
li% of S
1§% of S
75% o fS
.
h
|
Old age
bonus (discretion. ary).712 ,
Allowance in
case of need to
unpensioned'
officers.6
Minor.
Major.
War or
avia
tion.9
Climate
or ship Tropics (colonial
wreck
forces only).11
(navy
only).10
1,800 M.
(428.76)
720 M.
(171.50)
720 M.
(171.50)
Min.,720 M.
(171.50)
3,000 M .- 7
(714.60-7)
M ax.,33$% of S
(214.38)
900 M.
(214.38)
1,800 M.
(428.76)
720 M.
(171.50)
720 M.
(171.50)
Min.,720 M.
(171.50)
3,000 M .- 7
(714.60-7)
M ax., 33$% of S
M ax.,2,400 M .—7
(571.68-7)
900 M.
(214.38)
1,800 M.
(428. 76)
1,200 M.. 1,200 M.
(285.84) (285.84)
Min., 1,200 M.
(235.84)
3,000 M .- 7
(714.60-7)
Ma.x.,33$% of S
Max., 1,800 M.—7
(428. 7 6 -7 )
Max., 1,200 M.—7
(285. 8 4 - 7)
900 M.
(214.38)
900 M.
(214.38)
1,800M.
(428.76)
1,800 M.
(428. 76)
1,200 M.
(285.84)
1,200 M.
(285. 84)
M in.,1,200 M.
(285. 84)
Min.,1,200 M.
(285.84)
3,000 M .- 7
(714.60-7)
3,000 M .- 7
(714.60-7)
M ax.,33$% of S
Accessory pension
in case of need.6 7
After
10 years’
service or
less.4
H
Maximum.
1,200 M.
(¡285.84)
1,200 M.
(285. 84)
M ax.,33$% of S
M ILITARY FORCES AND T H E IR DEPENDENTS,
Pensions, annual amounts, granted2 as—
(For footnotes see pages 81-82.)
-A
-A
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
S c h e d u l e 15.— G erm any.
P en sio n s f o r d isa b ility o r service —C ontinued.
B. ARM Y.14 NONCOMMISSIONED O FFICERS A N D PR IV A TE S.
K ey: CB equals pensionable active service bonus for good conduct. I equals income from all sources after leaving the service. M equals marks, the German monetary um t,
equivalent to §0.2382. u equals years of service in excess of 18 years.
Pension for injury sustained in the service.
Beneficiaries.
Disability
pension.15
Privates in army and person
n el Of voluntary medical
corps (unless of higher mili
tary rank).
Noncommissioned officers in
Army:
Corporal................................
Sergeant............
Sergeant major.
Reenlisted soldiers:
Private...............
Corporal.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Accessory
pension
based on
good con
duct bonus
CB.
Mutilation bonus.8
Minor.
Major.
Money
granted in Service pension for
place of
life, independ Extra allowance
Old-age civil service
(temporary).18
en t of disabil
bonus (dis certificate
ity .17
on retire
cretion
War or avi Tropics (colonial
m ent.16
ary).7 12
ation.9
forces only).11
Additional bonus (alternatives).
540 M.
(128.63)
or less.
75% of CB
324 M.
(77.18)
648 M.
(154.35)
180 M.
(42.88)
Minimum, 300 M. 600 M .-I ;
(1 4 2 .9 2 -/)
(7Ì.46).
Maximum, 270 M.
(64.31).
600 M.
(142.92)
or less.
720 M.
(171.50)
or less.
900 M.
(214.38)
or less.
75% of CB
324 M.
(77.18)
648 M.
(154.35)
180 M.
(42.88)
Minimum, 300 M.
(71.46).
600 M .- J
(142.92—/)
Maximum, 300 M.
(71.46).
75% of CB
324 M.
(77.18)
648 M.
(154.35)
180 M.
(42.88)
Minimum, 300 M.
(71.46).
600 M.—/
(1 4 2 .9 2 -/)
Maximum, 3'60 M.
(85.75).
75% Of CB
324 M.
(77.18)
648 M.
(154.35)
180 k .
(42.88)
Minimum, 300 M.
(71.46).
(1 4 2 .9 2 -/)
600 M .-/
Maximum, 450 M.
(107.19).
540 k .
(128.63)
or less.
75% of CB
324 M.
(77.18)
(154.35)
648 k .
180 k .
(42.88)
Minimum, 300 M. 600 M . - /
(1 4 2 .9 2 -/)
(71.46).
240 k .
(57.17)
600 M.
(142.92)
or less.
75% of CB
324 M.
(77.18)
648 M.
(154.35)
180 M.
(42.88)
Minimum, 300 M.
(71.46).
240 M.
(57.17)
600 k .— I
(1 4 2 .9 2 -/)
270 M.+16.2 m M.
(64.31 + 3.86«)
maximum, 540
M. (128.63).
300 M.+18w M.
(71.46 + 4. 29m),
maximum, 600
M. (142.92).
Maximum, 540 M. - /
(1 2 8 .6 3 -/).
Maximum, 600 M .-J
(142.92-1).
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
[Sources: Reiehsgesetzblatt, 1906, p. 693; 1912, p. 415; 1913, p. 496.]
[Amounts followed b y M. are given in marks; other amounts are given in dollars.]
720 M.
(171.50)
or less./
75% of CB
324 M.
(77.18)
648 M.
(154.35)
180 M.
(42. 88)
Minimum, 300 M.
(71.46).
600 M .- 7
(142.92-7)
240 M.
(57.17)
Sergeant major.
900 M.
(214.38)
or less.
75% of CB
324 M.
(77.18)
648 M.
(154.35)
180 M.
(42.88)
Minimum, 300 M.
(71.46).
600 M .- 7
(142.92-7)
240 M.
(57.17)
<22.^
324 M.
(77.18)
300 M.
(71.46)
Minimum, 300 M.
(71.46).
900 M—7.
(214.38-7) } ...................
oo
:
Officials of rank of noneoril- !'
missioned officers and pri
vates.
Superintendents attached to
cadet corps with rank of
noncommissioned officers.
(For footnotes see pages 81-82.)
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
360 M.+21. 6m M.
(85.75 + 5.15«)
maximum, 720
M. (171.50).
450 M.+27 m M.
(107.19+ 6. 43m)
maximum, 900
M. (214.38).
00
Maximum, 720 M.-7
(171.50-7).
Maximum, 900 M.-7
(214.38-7).
MILITARY FORCES, AND THEIß DEPENDENTS,
Sergeant
-sT
<D
S c h ed u l e 15.— G erm any.
QS>
P en sio n s f o r d is a b ility or service —Continued.
O
C. N A V Y .14 NONCOM MISSIONED O FFICE R S A N D E N L IS T E D M EN.
K e v CB eauals pensionable active service bonus for good conduct. S B equals pensionable active service bonus for specialized skill. T B equalsi pensionable active servrtc®
bonus for tim e of ser vice. V B equals pensionable active service bonus for sea voyages. I equals income from all sources after leaving th e service. M equals marks, th e Germa
monetary unit, equivalent to *0.2382. u equals years served in excess of 18 years.
Pension for injury sustained in th e service.
1
Beneficiaries.
Privates in navy and
personnel of volun
tary medical corps
(unless of higher
rank) and cabin
b oys.20
N o n commissioned
officers o f n a v y
(other than deck
officers):13
Corporal................
Disabil
ity pen
sion. 16
Accessory pensions based on active service
bonuses.
Mutilation
bonus.8
Additional bonus
(alternatives).
Money
granted
in place Service pension
Extra
of civil- for life inde
allowance
Old-age service
(tempopendent of
Certifi
rary).18
d isability.17
(discre cate on
tionary). retire
7 12
ment. 16
Minor.
Major.
Tropics
War or Climate (colonial
avia or ship
forces
tion. 9 wreck. 10 o n ly ).11
540 M. 75% of CB
(128.63)
or less.
324 M.
(77.18)
648 M.
(154.35)
180 M.
(42.88)
180 M. Minimum, 600 M .- 7
300 M. (142.92-7)
(42.88)
(71.46)
Maximum,
270 M.
(64.31).
600 M.
(142.92)
or less.
720 M. 75% of CB
(171.50)
or less.
900 M. 75% of CB
(214.38)
or less.
324 M.
(77.18)
648 M.
(154.35)
180 M.
(42.88)
300 M.
(<1.46)
324 M.
(77.18)
648 M.
(154.35)
180 M.
(42.88)
324 M.
(77.IS)
648 M. 180 M.
(154.35) (42.88)
180 M. Minimum, 600 M .- 7
(142.92—7)
300 M.
(42.88)
(71.46)
600 M .- 7
Minimum,
180 M.
300 M.. (142.92—7)
(42.88)
(71.46)
180 M. Minimum, 600 M .- 7
(142,92—7)
300 M.
(42.88)
(71.46)
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Good con
duct CB.
Increase Increase for
for time of sea voyages Specialized
skill S B .
service
VB.™
TB.™
1
360 M.
. (85.75)
il '
450 M.
(107.19)
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
[Source: Reichsgesetzblatt 1906, p . 593; 1912, p. 415; 1913, p. 496.]
W
9
¥
Reenlisted sailors:
(128.63)
or less.
(154.35)
(42.88)
(42.88)
300 M.
(71.46)
(142.92—/)
(57.17)
,600 M. 75% of CB
(142.92)
or less.
75% of T B 75% of V B
75% of S B
324 M.
(77.18)
648 M.
(154.35)
180 M.
(42.88)
180 M. Minimum, 600 M .- J 240 M.
(42.88)
300 M.
(142.92-/) (57.17)
(71.46)
720 M. 75% of CB
(171.50)
or less.
75% of T B 75% of V B
75% of S B
324 M.
(77.18)
648 M.
(154.35)
180 M.
(42.88)
180 M. Minimum, 600 M . - /
(42.88)
300 M.
(142.92-/)
(71.46)
240 M.
(57.17)
900 M. 75% of CB
(214.38)
or less.
75% of T B 75% of V B
75% of S B
324 M.
(77.18)
648 M.
(154.35)
180 M.
(42.88)
180 M. Minimum, 600 M . - /
(42.S8)
300 M.
(142.92-/)
(71.46)
240 M.
(57.17)
75% of T B
M.
75% of S B /324
\(77.18)
324 M.
(77.18)
300 M.
(71.46)
300 M. Minimum, 900 M . - / \
(71.46)
300 M. (214.38-/)/
(71.46)
• M
75% of CB
75% of V B
(64.31+3.86 u)
Maximum,
540 M.
(128.63)
300 M .+18 u M.
(71.46+4.29 u)
Maximum,
600 M.
(142.92)
(85.75+5.15 u)
Maximum,
720 M.
(171.50)
450 M .+27«M .
(107.19+6.43 u )
Maximum,
900 M.
(214.38)
/
Maximum,
540 M . - /
(128.63- I )
Maximum,
600 M . - /
(142.92-/)
„
.
720 M. - / ,
(171.50-/)
Maximum,
900 M. - /
(2 1 4 .3 8 -/)
(>c)
•} Bene&ciaries are (a) officers of the active services, including medical officers and naval engineers, or (6) officers of the reserves, if they have seen active service in the reserves,
or if they have left reserves unpensioned and are temporarily redrafted into active service, provided disability is incurred in course of du ty, or (c) officials of the Arm y. N avy, or
Colonial Forces, and officials o fth e reserves. _ Officials receive pension for disability under the provisions for the retirement of civil officials (not shown here), but in addition they
are eligible for the bonuses granted under military pension laws, provided th ey m eet conditions similar to those for officers and privates. These officials include officials of the civil
administration and of the church while employed as A rm y or N avy officials in the active forces during a war; civil officials who are,'at the command of their superior, utilized during
war to support military measures and are under th e orders of the commanding general of the local A rm y corps; other persons attached to the active A rm y or N avy as officials in
tim e of war.
2 The officer receives during th e first tw o m onths after his disability pension is granted an extra allowance, amounting (Arm y and N avy) to the difference between-his salary
(plus his lodging allowance) and his pension, or (Colonial Forces) to the difference between his home furlough pay and his pension.
3 The same amounts granted for a disability pension (without'bonus for mutilation, war, etc.) m ay be paid to an officer who has attained the age of 65 years and applies for retire
m ent regardless of disability. Also, an officer in th e Colonial Forces m ay receive pension regardless of disability or age after 12 years of service.
< Pension is granted during tim e of disability, but to officers in active A rm y w hohave served at least 10 years and who are permanently disabled for active service it is granted
for hfe. The disability for which pension is granted before 10 years of service m ust have been incurred in the service and in the line of duty.
. 5 Period of service rendered by a pensioned officer, either (a) in a position under the military or marine budget, or (6) in active service or in military or naval administration
because of mobilization, is added to th e service period on which h is pension is based and entitles th e officer to a proportionate increase.
8 W ith consent o f highest military or marine adm inistrative authority of th e contingent or of colonial central administration.
2 Equals amount stated m inus income from all other sources after leaving th e service,
8 In addition to disability pension a m utilation bonus m ay be paid during continuance of disability for a minor m utilation, defined as loss of, or serious disturbance to the functioning.of, a hand, an arm, a m ot, a leg, speech, hearing (both ears), or one eye (if the other is impaired), or other serious disturbance of health necessitating nursing; or for a major
mutilation, defined as loss o f sight (both eyes), or permanent invalidity b y which the pensioner is confined to bed, or mental disorder. In the last tw o cases the amount stated as
a major mutilation bonus is a m axim um : the m inor m utilation bonus is a m inim um .
[Footnotes
on p . S2.]
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
M ILITARY FORCES AND T H E IR DEPEN D EN TS.
10735-17Officials of rank
equivalent to non
commissioned officers and privates.
N avy employees of
military profession
ranking as reenlisted.
(77.18)
00
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
CO
bO
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
9 Bonus is granted in addition to disability pension and m utilation bonus if the injury has been incurred in war or aviation. A viation bonus, war bonus, bonus for climate,
shipwreck, and Tropics bonus are not granted simultaneously.
10 Granted also to members of Army employed on voyages. Persons who may receive this bonus are those entitled to a pension on account of (a) shipwreck while m the service,
or military expedition in connection w ith a voyage in ‘the service, or (6) extraordinary influences of the climate during a sojourn in a non-European land or on a voyage in the
service.
u Granted only to members of the Colonial Forces and to the members of Army and N avy who have previously served in Colonial Forces and who have within 10 years of depar
ture from the colonies become permanently unfit for military service either abroad or at home and entitled to a pension on account of an injury sustained in colonial service, because
of the extraordinary influences of the climate or as a result of the peculiar perils of provincial service. After the third consecutive year of colonial service, for every extra year (not,
necessarily consecutive) the Tropics bonus is increased by 16§ per cent of the amount stated until this amount is doubled. Persons staying permanently in the colonies who are
drilling w ith th e Colonial Forces or who in emergency are drafted as reinforcements into the Colonial Forces are not entitled to the Tropics bonus, nor are those who are serving
their required term in these forces.
,
12 Granted only to pensioners receiving bonus for war, aviation, or climate or shipwreck who are over 55 years of age, or under 55 if completely and permanently unfit for work.
is In the N a v y noncommissioned officers known as deck officers receive pensions indicated for first lieutenant.
n Privates, noncommissioned officers, and reenlisted m en of the Colonial Forces, in relation to their pensionable status, m ay be classified as follows: 1. Men'who have been trans
ferred from the A rm y—like th e A rm y plus Tropics bonus; 2. Men who have been transferred from the N avy—like the N avy plus Tropics bonus; 3. Men who are serving their re
quired tim e of active service in the Colonial Forces—like the Army; 4. Men who have been drafted out of the reserves to reinforce the Colonial Forces in case of emergency—like the
Army with the addition of the Tropics bonus, unless th ey are permanently residing in the colony; 5. Men who have reenlisted in the Colonial Forces after serving their required
tim e of active service in th e Colonial Forces—like th e A rm y plus Tropics bonus.
15 If fitness for work is decreased at least 10 per cent b y a disability incurred in line of duty a disability pension is granted on retirement and continues so long as disability
remains. A m ounts stated are granted for total disability; proportionate amounts are granted for partial disability. (See Schedule 20, p. 95.) The reenlisted man who has served
at least eight years m ay be pensioned on th e same basis for disability not incurred in line of du ty.
16 Disabled noncommissioned officers and privates w ho appear worthy and serviceable to the superior officials receive on retirement, in addition to disability pension, a certifi
cate showing claim to a post in the civil service. This m ay be granted also to any reenlisted soldier who has served 12 years, or who, having served less than 12 years, is disqualified
for active service on account of infirmity and dismissed. A m an who has served 12 years m ay receive an annual allowance in lieu of the certificate if he appears incompetent or
unworthy (unless the unworthiness consists of lack of honor); or he m ay exchange the certificate for an annuity if, within four years of retirement, no civil-service post is held; or if,
even later, because of incompetence, he leaves th e civil service w ithout a civil pension. If the certificate is redeemed w ithin one year of retirement, the pensioner m a y 6 receive
instead of annual allowance a lum p sun: of 3,000 M. ($714.60) if useful expenditure is guaranteed.
w Granted to m en not receiving a disability■pension after 18 years of service. R ate increased b y 6 per cent for each additional year of service as, for example, after (18+ti) years
the rate for a corporal is 300 M + 18«M. (See Schedule 19, p. 94.)
is Noncommissioned officers and privates leaving service unpensioned w ith a disability reducing their earning capacity at least 30 per cent m ay in ease of need receive an amount
equal to one-half of the disability pension of their grade. T he first paym ent m u st be made w ithin tw o years after the m an’s discharge. The allowance is temporary, bu t m ay be
granted for one or more years. The reenlisted man who upon discharge receives a civil-service certificate, but who does not im m ediately find employm ent, m ay receive in case of
need a temporary allowance during th e first year after his discharge. If he is in receipt of a pension the allowance m ay equal the difference between the total disability pension
of his grade and the amount he is receiving. In any case it m ay not exceed the total disability pension of his grade ( Armeeverordnungsblatt, 1906, N o. 18, Suppl. 1).
19 Maximum allowed as accessory pension for tim e of service and sea voyages (that is, as 75 per cent of T B plus 75 per cent of V B ) is one-half of pension granted to same grade
for total disability.
20 Cabin boys receive disability pension only if fitness for work is decreased because of war or injury received on voyage.
83
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
■'"> S c h e d u l e 16. —Germany.
Pensionable salaries of officers of the Imperial Army.
[Schedule according to law of May 31,1906, R . G. B l, 1906, p. 565, from M. Adam, D os Militarversorgungs•
reclit im Heere, in der M arine und i n den Schutztruppen. Berlin, 1916, pp. 12-13.]
[Amounts outside of parentheses given in marks; amounts inside of parentheses given in dollars.]
Salary.
Grade.
Service
allow
ance (over 1 Lodging
allow900 M.
ance.
only twothirds).
Allow
ance for
servant.
Table
money.
Hospi
talfee.
Total.
3 ,980
12,000
1. Commanding general........... /1
\( 3 , 330.04) (2,858.40)
25,980
(6,188.44)
2. Chief of general staff of
army, general inspector
of cavalry and foot artil
lery, chief of engineer and
pioneer corps, general in
spector of fortresses:
a. W ith 1 8 ,0 0 0 M.
(4,287.60) service
allowance............... Like 1.
Like 1.
b. W ith 1 2 ,0 0 0 M. 113,980
8,000
(2,858.40) service ((3,330.04) (1,905.60)
J
Like 1.
21,980
(5,235.64)
3. Commander of division 113,554
w ith rank of lieutenant ((3,228.56)
J
1,404
3,000
(714.60) (334.43)
17,958
(4,277.60)
4. Commander of division 110,554
w ith rank of major gen- ((2,513.96)
J
1,404
3,000
(714.60) (334. 43)
14,958
(3,563.00)
a. Lieutenant general
w ith salary of his 113,554
rank but w ithout j (3,228.56)
sendee allowance.
1,404
(334. 43)
14,958
(3,563.00)
5. Commander of brigade
w ith rank of major gen
eral and officer bolding 110,260
position w ith same in [(2,443.93)
come, sanitary inspector..
900
1,404
(214.38) (334.43)
500
(119.10)
13,064
(3,111.84)
6. Major general w ith salary
of his rank but w ithout h o , 260
I (2,443.93)
J
1,404
(334. 43)
500
(119.10)
12,164
(2,897.46)
9,060
f( 2 ,158.09)
900
1,404
(214.38) (334.43)
500
(119.10)
11,864
(2,826.00)
I 8,772
[(2,089.49)
1,134
(270.12)
500
(119.10)
10,460
(2,478.71)
7,702
(1,834.62)
874
(208.19)
500
(119.10)
9,076
(2,161.90)
6,552
(1,560.69)
874
(208.19)
500
(119.10)
7,926
(1,887.97)
/ 5,100
1(1,214.82)
/ 4,600
1(1,095.72)
/ 3,400
\ (809.88)
874
(208.19)
874
(208.19)
874
(208.19)
500
(119.10)
500
(119.10)
500
(119.10)
6,474
(1,542.11)
5,974
(1,423.01)
4,774
(1,137.17)
7. Commander of brigade
w ith rank of colonel..........
8. Staff surgeon w ith rank of
regimental commander
and officer holding posi
tion w ith same income,
surgeon general..................
9. Commissioned lieutenant
colonel w ith 1,150 M.
(273.93) pensionable allowance and first surgeon
general (generaloberärzt)
w ith same allowance........
10. Staff officer w ith rank of
commander of battalion
and officer holding position w ith same income,
first staff surgeon (Ober
stabsarzt).......................
11. Captain, calvary captain,
first officer of supply de
partment (traindepotofnzier), captain of artil
lery, pyrotechnics, and
fortress
construction,
staff surgeon:
a. W ith
5,100
M.
(1,214.82) salary...
&. W ith
4,600
M.
(1,095.72) salary
c. W ith
3,400
M.
(809.88) salary.......
!
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
84
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
S c h e d u l e 16.—Germany.
Grade.
12 .First lieutenant, second
lieutenant,
lieutenant
sergeant major:
a. W ith
2,400
M.
(571.68) salary.......
b. W ith
2,100
M.
(500.22) salary.......
c. W ith
1,900
M.
(452.58) salary.......
d. W ith
1,700
M.
(404.94) salary.......
e. W ith
1,500
M.
(357.30) salary.......
Pensionable salaries of officers of the Imperial Army — Con/
Salary.
2,400
(571.68)
2,100
(500.22)
1,900
(452.58)
1,700
(404.94)
1,500
(357.30)
Service
allow
ance (over
900 M.
only twothirds).
Lodging
allow
ance.
Allow
ance for
servant.
Table
money.
Hospi
tal fee.
Total.
100
(23.82)
100
(23.82)
100
(23.82)
100
(23.82)
100
(23.82)
3,486
(830.37)
3,186
(758.91)
2,986
(711.27)
2,786
(663.63)
2,586
(615.99)
500
(119.10)
500
(119.10)
500
(119.10)
500
(119.10)
500
(119.10)
100
(23.82)
100
(23.82)
100
(23.82)
100
(23.82)
100
(23.82)
4,178
(995.20)
4,028
(959.47)
3,878
(923.74)
3,728
(888. 01)
3,578
(852.28)
500
(119.10)
500
(119.10)
500
(119.10)
500
(119.10
500
(119.10)
100
4,246
(23.82) (1,011.40)
4,046
100
(963.76)
(23.82)
3,746
100
(23.82)
(892.30)
3,446
100
(820.84)
(23.82)
3,146
100
(749.38)
(23.82)
378
(90.04)
378
(9a 04)
378
(90.04)
378
(90.04)
378
(90.04)
500
(119.10)
500
(119.10)
500
(119.10)
500
(119.10)
500
(119.10)
378
(90.04)
378
(90.04)
378
(90.04)
378
(90.04)
378
(90.04)
546
(130.06)
546
(130.06)
546
(130.06)
546
(130.06)
465
(110.76)
10S
(25.73)
108
(25.73)
108
(25.73)
108
(25-73)
108 .
(25.73)
13. First surgeon (oberarzt),
assistant surgeon:
a. W ith 2,400
M.
(571.68) salary....... Like 12 a.
b. W ith
2,100
M.
(500.22) salary....... Like 12 b.
e. W ith 1,700
M.
(404.94) salary........ Like 12 (1.
14. Second officer of supply de. . part ment:
;, a. W ith 3,200
M.
(762.24) salary.......
6. W ith 3,050
M.
(726.51) salary........
c. W ith 2,900
M.
(690.78) salary.......
d. W ith 2,750 . H .
(655.05) salary___
e. W ith
2,600
M.
(619.32) salary.......
15. First lieutenant, lieuten
ant of artillery, pyrotech. nies, fortress construc
tion:
a. W ith
3,100
M.
(738.42) salary........
b. W ith
2,900
M.
(690.78) salary.......
c. W ith 2,600
M.
(619.32) salary........
d. W ith 2,300
M.
(547.86) salary___
e. W ith 2,000
M.
(476.40) s a la r y ,...
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3,100
(738.42)
2,900
(690.78)
2,600
(619.32)
2,300
(547.86)
2,000
(476.40)
M ILITARY FORCES AND T H E IR DEPEN D EN TS.
Schedule
Vi .—Germany.
85
Pensionable salaries of officers and petty officers of the
Imperial Navy.1
[Schedule according to law of May 31,1906, R . G. B l. 1906, p. 565, from M. Adam, DasM ilitarvers orqungs
rechtim H eere,m d er Marine, u n d in den Schutztruppen. Berlin, 1916, pp. 36-37.]
[A m ountsoutside of parentheses are in marks; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
Grade.
1. Admiral.
Salary;
Service
allowance
(if over E xtra L odging Allow Table
allow ance for
900 M.
pay.
ance. servant. money.
only twothirds).
Hos
pital
fee.
Total
/
13,980
12, 000'.
1(3,330.04) (2,858.4o)1,
2. Vice admiral, staff sur
geon général of N avy
as soon as he is given
rank of vice adm iral...
13,554
(3,228.56)
3,000'.
3. Rear admiral (as chief of
the N avy cabinet,or as
department director). .
10,260
(2,443.93)
3 ,000|
4. Staff surgeon general of /
10,260
N a v y ............................. . \(2,443.93)
3,000
(714.60)
25,980
(6,188.44)
1,401 ,
500
(334.43) (119.10)
17,958
(4,277.60)
1,401
500
(334.43) (119.10)
15,458
(3,682.10)
1,404
500
(334, 43) (119.10)
15,164
612.06)
900
294
1,404
500'
(214.38) (70.03) (334.43) (119.10)
13,358
181.88)
900
(214.38)
1,404
500
(334.43) (119.10)
13,064
111. 84)
.8,772
(2,089.49)
1,134
500
(270.12) (119.10)
10,406
478.71)
Captain of frigate, chief
6,552
surgeon general (Gen- (1,560.69)
e ra lo b e ra r z t), w ith
1,150
bonus............................. .
(273.93)
874
500
(208.19) (119.10)
.
9,076
161.90)
Captain of frigate, chief
surgeon general w ith
out bonus, captain of
corvette, commander
of sea battalion, chief
. staff surgeon..................
6,552
(1,560.69)
874
500
(208.19) (119.10)
7,926
(1,887.97)
10. Lieutenant captain, cap
tain, staff surgeon,
lieutenant captain of
pyrotechnics, lieuten
ant captain of torpe
does:
a. W ith 5,100 M. ’
5,100
(1,214.82) salary. (1,214.82)
b. W ith 4,600 M
4,600
(1,095.72) salary. (1,095.72)
c. W ith 3,400 M.
3,400
(809.88) sa la r y ..
(809.88)
874
500
(208.19) (119.10)
874
50Ò
(208.19) (119.10)
874
50Ò
(208.19) (119.10)
6,474
(1,542.11)
5,974
(1,423.01)
4,774
(1,137.17)
Rear admiral w ith rank
10,260
of station chief.............. .(2,443.93)
6. Rear admiral.
N aval captain, inspector
of marine i nfantry, sur
geon general___............
f
10,260
\ ( 2 ,443.93)
11. First lieutenant, second
lieutenant:
a. W ith 2,400 M.
(571.68) sa la r y ..
b. W ith 2,100 M.
(500.22) s a la ry ..
c. W ith 1,900 M.
(452.58) sa la ry ..
d. W ith 1,700 M.
(401.94) sa la ry ..
e. W ith 1,500 M.
(357.30) sa la ry ..
294
2,400
378
500
(571.68)
(90.04) (119.10)
2,100
378
500
(500. 22)
(90.04) (119.10)
1,900
378
500
(452/58)
(90.01) (119.10)
1,700
378
500
(401.94)
(90.01) (119.10)
1;500
378
500
(337.30)
(90.04) (119.10)
1 For officers of the medical corps there are in addition the bonuses for length
drawn at sailing, and for the N avy engineers the bonus for v orages.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
108
(25.73)
108
(25.73)
108
(25.73)
108
(25.73)
108
(25.73)
100
I
(23.82)
100
(23.82)
100
(23.82)
100
(23.82)
100
(23.82)
of service and for
3,486
(830.37)
3.186
(758.91)
2,986
(711.27)
2,786
(663.63)
2,586
(615.99)
voyages,
86
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
Schedule
17.—Germany.
Pensionable salaries of officers and petty officers of the
Imperial Navy—Continued.
Salary.
Grade.
Service
allowance
Lodging Allow
(if over Extra allow ance for Table
pay.
900 M.
ance. servant. money.
only tw o
thirds).
Hos
pital
fees.
Total.
12. Chief assistant surgeon,
assistant surgeon:
а. W ith 2,400 M.
(571.68) sa la r y .. Like 11 a
б. W ith 2,100 M.
(500.22) sa la ry .. Like 11 b
c. W ith 1,700 M.
(404.94) sa la ry .. Like l i d
13. First lieutenant and sec
ond lieutenant of pyro
technics and torpe
does:
а. W ith 3.100 M.
(738.42) sa la ry ..
б. W ith 2,900 M.
(690.78) sa la ry ..
c. W ith 2,700 M.
(643.14) sa la ry ..
d. W ith 2,500 M.
(595.50) salary.
( 11$. 10)1
100
4,246
(23.82) (1,011.40)
100
4,046
. . J (23.82) (963.76)
100
3,846
(23.82) (916.12)
100
3,646
(23.82) (868. 48)
14. Chief engineer of N avy,
w ith bonus....................
7,302 ........
(1 ,7 39.34)........
1,1501........
(273.93)!........
500
874
(208.19) (119.10)
9,826
(2,340.55)
15. Chief engineer of N avy,
w ithout bonus, chief
stall engineer of navy
(oberstabsingenieur),
chief stall engineer of
torpedo corps...............
7,302i
(1,739.34) j.
874
500
(208.19) (119.10)
8,676
(2,066.62)
16. Staff engineer of N avy,
6,800:.
staff engineer of torpe '(1,619.76) .
does................................
874
500
(208.19) (119.10)
8,174
(1,947.05)
17. First engineer of N avy,
200Í.
first engineer of torpe 1(1,238. 64)!.
does.................................
500
378
(90.04) (119.10)
6.178
100
(23.82) (1,471.60)
4,2001.
18. Engineer of N avy, engi /
neer of torpedoes......... \(1,000.44)!.
500
378
(90.04)1 (119.10)
5.178
100
(23.82) (1,233.40)
3,100
(738.42)
2,900
(690.78)
2,700
(643.14)
2,500
(595.50)
i
5’
546
(130.06)
546
(130.06)
546
(130.06)
546
(130.06)
500
(119.10)
500
(119.10)
5<K1
(119.10)
19. First petty officer (Deckofiizier)...........................
1 2,580 .
(613.56)|.
100
(23.82)
2,680
(638.38)
20. P etty officer.
i 2, lOOj.
(500.22) .
100
(23.82)
2,200
(524.04)
i And the voyage and specialist's bonus drawn a t sailing.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
S c h ed u l e 18.—Germany.
Pensionable salaries of Army officers and the annual amounts of pension due them, bonuses not included.
[Source: M. Adam, Das Militdrversorgun/jsrecht im Heere, in der Marine, und in den Schutztruppcn, Berlin, 1916. A ppendix I.]
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in marks; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
Amount of annual pension according to years of service1 and corresponding fraction of pensionable salary.
Pension
able yearly
salary
1. Commanding general............................... 1...............
{ (6, 188.44)
2. Chief of general staff of Army, general inspector
of cavalry and foot artillery, chief of the engi
neer and pioneer corps, general inspector of
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
20/60
21/60
22/60
23/60
24/60
25/60
26/60
27/60
28/60
29/60
30/60
...........
f Ol’tfG S S G S •
а. W ith 18,000 M. (4,287.60) service\T ,-i,„ i
allowance.....................................jL ike l ..
б. W ith 12,000 M. (2,858.40) service allow
ance ................................................................
(5,235.64)
3. D ivision commander w ith rank of lieutenant
general.....................................................................
4. Division commander with rank of major general
and lieutenant general with the salary of his
grade, but no service allowance...........................
17.958
(4,277.60)
14.958
(3,563.00)
5. Brigade commander with rank of major general I
13,064
and officer holding position w ith same income,
sanitary inspector. .................................................. j (3,111.85)
6. Major general w ith salary of his grade, but with
out service allowance..................... . _....................
(2,897.46)
7. Brigade commander w ith rank of colonel............ /
11,864
t (2, 826.00)
8. Staff officer w ith rank of regimental commander
and officer holding position w itb like income,
surgeon general.........................................................
10,406
(2,478.71)
9. Commissioned lieutenant colonel w ith 1,150 M.
9,076
(273.93) pensionable allowance, and first sur
geon general (Generaloberarzt) with sam e....... f (2,161.90)
1 For years of service 21 to 30, see p. 90; from 31 to 40, p. 93.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
4,539
(1,081.19)
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR DEPEN D EN TS
Grade.
Schedule
18.—Germany.
Pensionable salaries of Army officers and the annual amounts of pension due them, bonuses not included—Continued.
0©
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in marks; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
Amount of annual pension according to years of service and corresponding fraction of pensionable salary.
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
20/60
21/60
22/60
23/60
24/60
25/60
26/60
27/60
28/60
29/60
30/60
2,643
(629.56)
2,775
(661.01)
2,907
(692.45)
3,039
(723.89)
3,171
(755.33)
3,303
(786.77)
3,435
(818.22)
3,567
(849.66)
3,699
(881.10)
3,831
(912.54)
3,963
(943.99)
11. Captain, cavalry captain, first officer of supply
department, captain of artillery, pyrotechnics,
and fortress construction, staff surgeon:
/
6,474
a. W ith S 100 M. (1,214.82) salarv................... \ (1,542.11)
/
5,974
6 W ith 4 600 M. (1,095.72) salary................... \ (1,423.00)
/
4,774
c. W ith 3,400 M. (809.88) salary..................... ( (1,137.17)
2,160
(514.51)
1,992
(474.49)
1,593
(379.45)
2,268
(540.24)
2,091
(498.08)
1,671
(398.03)
2,376
(565.96)
2,193
(522.37)
1,752
(417.33)
2,484
(591.69)
2,292
(545.95)
1,833
(436.62)
2,592
(617.41)
2,391
(569.54)
1,911
(455.20)
2,700
(643.14)
2,490
(593.12)
1,992
(474.-49)
2,808
(668.87)
2,589
(616.70)
2,070
(493.07)
2,916
(694.59)
2,691
(641.00)
2,151
(512.37)
3,024
(720.32)
2,790
(664.58)
2,229
(530.95)
3,132
(746.04)
2,889
(688.16)
2,310
(550.24)
3,237
(771.05)
2,988
(711.74)
2,388
(568.82
12. First lieutenant, second lieutenant, lieutenant
sergeant major (10, Abt. 2):
/
a. W ith 2,400 M. (571.68) salary..................... \
/
6. W ith 2,100 M. (500.22) salary. . ................ 1
f
c. W ith 1,900 M. (449.58) salary....... : ............. i
/
d. W ith 1,700 M. (404.94) salary..................... \
/
e. W ith 1,500 M. (357.30) salary............ .
\
1,164
(277.26)
1,062
(252.97)
996
(237.25)
930
.(221.53)
864
(205.80)
1,221
(290.84)
1,116
(265.83)
1,047
(249.40)
978
(232.96)
906
(215.81)
1,281
(305.13)
1,170
(278.69)
1,095
(260.83)
1,023
(243.68)
951
(226.53)
1,338
(318.71)
1,224
(291.56)
1.146
(272.98)
1,068
(254.40)
993
(236.53)
1,395
1,455
1,275
(303.71)
1,197
(285.13)
.1,116
(265'. 83)
1,035
(246.34)
1,329
(316.57)
1,245
(296.56)
1,161
(276.55)
1,080
(257.26)
1,512
(360.16)
1,383
(329. 43 >
1,296
(308.71)’
1,209
(287.98)
1,122
(267.26)
1,569
(373. 74}
1,434
(341.58)
1,344
(320.14)
1,254
(298. 70)
1,164
(277.26)
1,629
(388.03)
1,488
(354.44)
1,395
(332.29)
1,302
(310.14)
1,209
(287.98)
1,686
(401.61)
1,542
(367.30)
1,446
(344.44)
1,347
(320.86)
1,251
(297.99)
1,743
(415.18)
1,593
(379. 45)
1,494
(355.87)
1,395
(332.29)
1,293
(307.99)
■
10. Staff officer w ith rank of battalion commander
7,926
and officer holding position w ith same income, J (1,887.97)
head staff surgeon...................................................
3,486
(830.37)
3,186
(758.90)
2,986
(711.27)
2,786
(663.63)
2,586
(615.99)
13. First surgeon, assistant surgeon:
o. W ith 2,400 M. (571.68) salary 1
6. W ith 2,100 M. (500.22) salary fL^ V c } - •
c. W ith 1,700 M. (404.94) salary ]
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
it
GOVERNM EX.TAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS ON
Pension
able yearly
salary. *
Grade.
M:
1,395
4,178
(995.20); (332.29)
1,344
4,028!
(959.47) (320.14)
1,293
3,878!
(923.74)! (307.99)
1,245
3,7281
(888.01) (296.56)
1,194
* 3,578
(852.28) (284.41)
15. First lieutenant and second lieutenant of |
artillery, pyrotechnics, and fortress construe- I
tion:
4,246
a. W ith 3,100 M. (738.42) salary...................... f1 (1,011.40)
/
4,046
b. W ith 2,900 M. (690.78) salarj'...................... \
(963.76)
r
.3,746
c. W ith 2,600 M. (619.32) salary.......................j l (892.30)
3,446
d. W ith 2,300 M. (547.86) sa la ry ..................... j \/
(820.84)
f
3,146
e. W ith 2,000 M. (476.40) salary...................... l
(749.38)
1,416
(337.29)
1,350
(321.57)
1,251
(297.99)
1,149
(273.69)
1,050
(250.11)
1,464
(348.72)
1,410
(335.86)
1,359
(323.71)
1,305
(310.85)
1,254
(298.70)
1,533
(365.16)
1,479
(352.30)
1,422
(338.72)
1,368
(325.86)
1,314
(312.99)
1,602
(381.00)
1,545
(308.02)
1,488
(354.44)
1,431
(340.86)
1,374
(327.29)
1,674
(398.75)
1,614
(384.45)
1,554
(370.16)
1,494
(355.87)
1,434
(341.58)
1,743
(415.18)
1,680
(400.18)
1,617
(385.17)
1,554
(370.16)
1,491
(355.16)
1,812
(431.62)
1,746
(415.90)
1,683
(400.89)
1,617
(385.17)
1,551
(369.45)
1,881
(448.05)
1,815
(432.33)
1,746
(415.90)
1,680
(400.18)
1,611
(383.74)
1,950
<464.49)
1,881
(448.05)
1,812
(431.62)
1,740
(414.47)
1,671
(398.03)
2,022
(481.64)
1,947
(463.78)
1,875
(446.63)
1,803
(429.47)
1,731
(412.32)
(444.48)
1,791
(426.62)
1,488
(354.44)
1,419
(338.01)
1,314
(312.99)
1,209
(287.98)
1,104
(262.97)
1,557
(370.88)
1,485
(353.73)
1,374
(327.29)
1,266
(301.56)
1,155
(278.12)
1,629
(388.03)
1,551
(369.45)
1,437
(342.29)
1,323
(315.14)
1,206
(287.27)
1, 701
(405.18)
1,620
(385. 88)
1,500
(357.30)
1,380
(328.72)
1,260
(300.13)
1,770
(421.61)
1,686
(401.61)
1,563
(372.34)
1,437
(342.29)
1,311
(312.23)
1,842
(438.76)
1,755
(418.04)
1,626
(387.31)
1,494
(355.87)
1,365
(325.14)
1,911
(455.20)
1,821
(433.76)
1,686
(401.61)
1,551
(369.45)
1,416
(337.29)
1,983
(472.35)
1,890
(450.20)
1,749
(416,61)
1,611
(383.74)
1,470
(350.15)
2,055
(489.50)
1,956
(465.92)
1,812
(431.62)
1,668
(397.32)
1,521
(362.30)
2,124
(505.94)
2,025
(482.36)
1,875
(446.63)
1,725
(410.90)
1,575
(375.17)
2,091
(498.08)
2,016
(480.21)
1,941
(462.35)
1,866
M ILITARY FORCES AND T H E IR DEPE N D E N TS.
14. Second officer of supply department :
a. W ith 3,200 M. (702.24) salary...................... f[
b. W ith 3,050 M. (726.51) salary...................... \/
c. W ith 2,900 M. (690.78) salary...................... /\
d. W ith 2,750 M. (655.05) salary....................... /1
e. W ith 2,600 M. (619,32) salary......................i 1/
OO
to
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
G OVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS EOE MEMBERS' OF
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
3,345
(796.78)
3,087
(735.32)
2,469
(588.12)
3,453
(822.50)
3,189
(759.62)
2,547
(606.70)
3,561
(848.23)
3,288
(783.20)
2,628
(625.99)
3,669
(873.96)
3,387
(806.78)
2,706
(644.57)
3,777
(899.68)
3,486
(830.37)
2,787
(663.86)
3,885
(925.41)
3,585
(853.95)
2,865
(682.44)
3,993
(951.13)
3,684
(877.53)
2,946
(701.74)
4,101
4,209
4,317
(976.86) (1,002.58) (1,028.31)
3,786
3,885
3,984
(901.83) (925.41) (948.99)
3,024
3,105
3,183
(720.32) (739.61) (758.19)
12. First lieutenant, second lieutenant, lieutenant sergeant
major (10, Abt. 2):
(
a. W ith 2,400 M. (571.68) salary........................................ . l
/
6. W ith 2,100 M. (500.22) salary........................................ . \
1
c. W ith 1,900 M. (449.58) salary........................................ . \
/
A. W ith 1,700 M. (404.94) salary......................................... \
c. W ith 1,500 N . (357.30) salary.......................................... /\
3,486
(830.37)
3,186
(758.90)
2,986
(711.27)
2,786
(663.63)
2,586
(615.99)
1,803
(429.47)
1,647
(392.32)
1,545
(368.02)
1,440
(343.01)
1,338
(318.71)
1,860
(443.05)
1,701
(405.18)
1,593
(373.45)
1,488
(354.44)
1,380
(328.72)
1,920
(457.34)
1,755
(418.04)
1,644
(391.60)
1,533
(363.16)
1,425
(339.44)
1,977
(470.92)
1,806
(430.19)
1,695
(403.75)
1,581
(376.59)
1,467
(349.44)
2,034
(484.50)
1,860
(443.05)
1,743
(415.18)
1,626
(387.31)
1,509
(359.44)
2,094
(498.79)
l,9 i4
(455.91)
1,794
(427.33)
1,674
(398.75)
1,554
(370.16)
2,151
(512.37)
1,965
(468.06)
1,842
(438.76)
1,719
(409.47)
1,596
(380.17)
2,208
(525.95)
2,019
(480.93)
1,893
(450.91)
1,767
(420.90)
1,638
(390.17)
2,268
(540.24)
2,073
(493.79)
1,941
(462.35)
1,812
(431.62)
1,683
(400.89)
2,325
(553.82)
2,124
(505.94)
1,992
(474.49)
i,860
(443.05)
1,725
(410.90)
4,178
(995.20)
4,028
(959.47)
3,878
(923.74)
3,728
(888.01)
3,578
(852.28)
2,160
(514.51)
2,082
(495.93)
2,004
(477.35)
1,992
(474.49)
1,851
(440.91)
2,229
(530.95)
2,151
(512.37)
2,070
(493.07)
1,989
(473.78)
1,911
(455.20)
2,298
(547.38)
2,217
(528.09)
2,133
(508.08)
2,052
(488.79)
1,968
(468.78)
2,370
(564.53)
2,283
(543.81)
2,199
(523.80)
2,115
(503.79)
2,028
(483.37)
2,439
(580.97)
2,352
(560.25)
2,265
(539.52)
2,175
(518.09)
2,088
(497.36)
2,508
(597.41)
2,418
(575.97)
2,328
(554.53)
2,238
(538.09)
2,148
(511.65)
2,577
(613.84)
2,484
(591.69)
2,394
(570.25)
2,301
(548.10)
2,208
(525.95)
2,649
(630.99)
2,553
(608.12)
2,457
(585.26)
2,364
(563.10)
2,268
(540.24)
2,718
(647.43)
2,619
(623.85)
2,523
(600.92)
2,424
(577.40)
2,328
(554.63)
2,787
(663.86)
15. First lieutenant and second lieutenant of artillery, pyro
technics, and fortress construction:
j/
4,246
a. W ith 3,100 M. (738.42) salary..............................
\ (1,011.40)
If
4,046
b. W ith 2,900 M. (690.78) salary..........'..................
|\
(963.76)
If
3,746
c. W ith 2,600 M. (619.32) salary..............................
i
(892.30)
f
3,446
A. W ith 2,300 M. (547.86) sa la ry .............................
1 (820.84)
/
3j146
e. W ith 2,000 M. (476.40) salary..............................
\
(749.38)
2,196
(523.09)
2,091
(498.08)
1,938
(461.63)
1,782
(424.47)
1,626
(387.31)
2,265
(539.52)
2,160
(514.51)
1,998
(475.92)
1,839
(438.05)
1,68C
(400.18)
2,337
(556.67)
2,226
(530,23)
2,061
(490.93)
1,896
(451.63)
1,731
(412.32)
2,409
(573.82)
2,295
(546.67)
2,124
(505.94)
1,953
(465.20)
1,785
(425.19)
2,478
(590.26)
2,361
(562.39)
2,187
(520.94)
2,013
(479.50)
1,836
(437.34)
2,550
(607.41)
2,430
(578.83)
2,250
(535.95)
2,070
(493.07)
1,890
(450.20)
2,619
(623.85)
2,496
(594.55)
2,313
(550.96)
2,127
(506.65)
1,941
(462.35)
2,691
(641.00)
2,565
(610.98)
2,373
(565.25)
2,184
(520.23)
1,995
(475.21)
2,760
(657.43)
2,631
(626.70)
2,436
(580.26)
2,241
(533.81)
2,046
(487.36)
13. First surgeon, assistant surgeon:
. a. With 2,400 M. (571.68) salary]
b. W ith 2,100 M. (500.22) salary}-..........Like 12, a, b ,c ..
c. W ith 1,700 M. (404.94) salary]
14. Second officer of supply department:
а. W ith 3,200 M. (762.24) salary...............................
б. W ith 3,050 M. (726.51) salary...............................
c. W ith 2,900 M. (690.78) sa la ry .. . . . . . ...... ..........
A. W ith 2,750 M. (655.05) salary...............................
e. W ith 2,600 M. (619.32) salary...............................
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
f
\
/
\
¡/
l\
\f
\
1/
\
2,688
(640.28)
2,586
(615.99)
2,487
(592.40)
2,388
(568.82)
2,832
(674.58)
2,700
(643.14)
2,499
(595.26)
2,298
(547.38)
2,100
500.22)
M ILITA RY FORCES A N D T H E IR DEPENDENTS,
11. Captain, cavalry captain, first officer of supply depart
ment, captain of artillery, pyrotechnics, and fortress
construction, staff surgeon:
6,474
а. W ith 5,100 M. (1,214.82) salary.................................... . \/ (1,542.11)
/
5,974
б. W ith 4,600 M. (1,095.72) salary..................................... . \ (1,423.00)
/
4,774
c. W ith 3,400 M. (809.88) salary........................................ \ (1,137.17)
S c h e d u l e 18.—Germany.
Pensionable salaries of Army officers and the annual amounts of pension due them, bonuses not included Continued.
^
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in marks;; am ounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
Amount of annual pension according to years of service and corresponding fraction of pensionable salary.
Pension
able yearly
salary.
3.1
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
81/120
82/120
83/120
84/120
85/120
86/120
87/120
88/120
89/120
I
40
45/60
19,269
19,485
19,053
18,837
18,621
18,405
18,186
17,970
17,754
17,538
/
25,980
(4,641.33)
\ (6,188.44) (4,177.55) (4,229.00) (4 2S0 4ft) (4,331.91) (4,384.07) (4,435.52) (4,486.97) (4,538.42) (4,589-88)
2. Chief of general staff of Army, general inspector of cavalry
and foot artillery, chief of the engineer and pioneer corps,
general inspector of fortresses :
a. W ith 18,000 M. (4,287.60) service!
TiitA
allowance.................................... /
16,302
16,485
16,119
15,936
15,753
15,570
15,387
15,021
15,204
J
21,980
14,838
b. W ith 12,000 M. (2,858.40) service allowance............... i (5,235.64) (3,534.41) (3,578.00) (3,621.59) (3,665.18) (3,708.77) (3,752.36) (3,795.96) (3,839.55) (3,883.14) (3,926.73)
13,320
13,470
13,170
13,020
12,870
12,723
12,573
12,423
12,273
/
17,958
12,123
3. Division commander w ith rank of lieutenant general.......... \ (4,277.60) (2.887.70) (2,923.43) (2,959.16) (2,994.89) (3,030.62) (3,065.63) (3,101.36) (3,137.09) (3,172.82) (3,208.55)
11,094
11,220
10,971
10,845
10,722
4. Division commander w ith rank of major general and lieu 1
10,596
10,473
10,347
10,224
14,958
10,098
tenant general w ith the salary of his grade but no serv f (3,563.00) (2,405.34) (2,435.36) (2,464.66) (2,494.67) (2,523.97) (2,553.98) (2,583.28) (2,613.29) (2,642.59) (2,672.60)
ice allowance.
9,798
9,690
9,582
9,474
9,363
9,255
9,147
9,036
8,928
8,820
13,064
5. Brigade commander w ith rank of major general and officer /
(2,282.43) (2,308.16) (2,333.88)
holding position w ith same income, sanitary inspector. \ (3,111.85) (2,100.92) (2,126.65) (2,152.38) (2,178.82) (2,204.54) (2,230.27) (2,256.71)
9,123
9,024
8,922
8,820
8,718
8,619
8,517
8,313
8,415
8,211
12,164
6. Major general w ith salary of his grade but without service /
(2,173.10)
\ (2,897.46) (1,955.86) (1,980.16) (2,004.45) (2,028.75) (2,053.05) (2,076.63) (2,100.92) (2,125.22) (2,149.52)
allowance.
8,898
8,802
8,703
8,604
8, .505
8,406
8,307
8,109
8,208
8,010
J
11,864
(1,978.73) (2,002.31) (2,025.89) (2,049.47) (2,073.05) (2,096.64) (2,119.50)
\ (2,826.00) (1,907.98)
7,806
7,719
7,632
7,545
7,458
7,371
7,287
7,113
7,200
7,026
10,406
8. Staff officer w ith rank of regimental commander and officer /
(1,859.39)
\ (2,478.71) (1,673.59) (1,694.32)! (1,715.04) (1,735.76) (1,755.77) (1,776.50) (1,797.22) (1,817.94) 1(1,838.67)
holding position w ith like income, surgeon general.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org j
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS' FOR M EM BERS OF
Grade.
41/60
42/60
43/60
44/60
45/60
6,657
6,807!
6,507
6,354
6,204
9,076
9. Commissioned lieutenant colonel w ith 1,150 M. (273.93) /
pensionable allowance, and first surgeon general (Gen- \ (2,161.90) (1,477.79) (1,513.52) (1,549-97) (1,585.70)|(1,621.43)!
eraloberarzt) w ith same.
11. Captain, cavalry captain, first officer of supply depart
ment, captain of artillery, pyrotechnics, and fortress
construction, staff surgeon:
4,749
4,857.
4,533
/
6,474
4,425
4,641
a. W ith 5,100 M. (1,214.82) salary......................... ........... \ (1,542.11) (1,054.04) (1,079.76) (1,105.49) (1,131.21) (1,156.94)
4,383
4,482.
4,284
4,182
4,083
f
5,974
b. W ith 4,600 M. (1,095.72) salary...................................... \ (1,423.00) (972.57) (996.15) (1,020.45) (1,044.03) (1,067.61) .
3,423
3,501
3,5823,342
3,264
/
4,774
e. W ith 3,400 M. (809.88) sa la ry ...............................
\ (1,137.17) (777.48) (796.06) (815.36) (833.94) (853.23);.
12. First lieutenant, second lieutenant, lieutenant sergeant
major (10, A bt. 2):
!/
a. W ith 2,400 M. (571.68) salary...............................
\
/
b. W ith 2,100 M. (500.22) salary...............................
\
/
c. W ith 1,900 M. (449.58) salary...............................
V
if
d. W ith 1,700 M. (404.94) salary........ ....................
\
/
e. W ith 1,500 M. (357.30) salary..............................
\
13. First surgeon, assistant surgeon:
a. W ith 2,400 M. (571.68) salary»
i
m m
i r
T il-alO
2,499
(595.26)
2,286
(544.53)
2,142
(510.22)
1,998
(475.92)
1,854
(441.62)
2,559
(609.55)
2,337
(556.67)
2,190!
(521.66)1
2,046j
(487.36)1
1,899!
(452.34)!
2,997
2,925
2,826
1/
4,178
\
(995.20) (673.15) (696-74) (713.89)
2,889
2,820
2,754
/ - 4,028
\
(959.47) (656.00) (67i; 72) (688.16)
2,715 ........2,781
f
3,878 ......2,652
\
(923.74) (631.71) (646.71) (662.43)
2,673
f
3,728
2,550 . . 2,610
\
(888.01) (607.41) (621. 70) (636.71)
2,565
2,505
/
3,578
2,445
]\ (852.28) (582.40) (596.69) (610.98)
3,066
(730.32)
2,955
(703.88)
2,844
(677.44)
2,736*
(651.72)
2,625
(625.28)
3,486
(830.37)
3,186
(758.90)
2,986
(711,27)
2,786
(663.63)
2,586
(615.99)
2,385
(568.11)
2,178
(518.80)
2,043
(486.64)
1,905
(453. 77)
1,770
(421.61)
2,442
(581.68)
2,232
(531.66)
2,091
(498.08)
1,953
(465.20)
1,812
(431.62)
2,616 .
(623.13) .
2,391 .
(569.54) .
2,241 .
(533.81) .
2,091).
(498.08) ,
1,941)
(462.35)
„
W ith 1,700 M. (404.94) salaryj
14. Second officer of supply department:
a. W ith 3 ,200 M. (762.24) salary..
b. W ith 3, 050 M. (726.51) sa la ry ..
c. W ith 2,,900 M. (690.78) sa la ry ..
d. W ith 2,750 M. (655.05) salary
e. W ith 2,600 M. (619.32) salary
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
(746. '
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS
5 ,814j
5,946l.
5,682
5,550
5,418
7,926
10. Staff officer w ith rank of battalion commander and officer /
holding position w ith same income, head staff surgeon. \ (1,887.97) (1,290.57) (1,322.01) (1,353.45) (1,384.89) |(1,416.34) .
o
S c h e d u l e 18.—Pensionable salaries of Army officers and the annual amounts of pension due them, bonuses not included—Continued.
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in marks; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
Amount of annual pension according to years of service and corresponding fraction of pensionable salary.
Grade.
15. First lieutenant and second lieutenant of artillery, pyro
technics, and fortress construction:
a. W ith 3,100 M. (738.42) salary........................................ \ (1,011.40)
b. W ith 2,900 M. (690.78) salary........................................
32
31
34
35
36
41/60
42/60
43/60
44/60
45/60
2,973
(708.17)
3,045
(725.32)
2,901
3,114
(691.73)
(625.28)
3,186
(758.91)
3,036
(723.18)
2,811
(669.58)
2,586
(615.99)
2,361
(562.39)
\
/
\
(963.76)
?i 746
(892.30)
(61(127)
e. W ith 2,000 M. (476.40) salary. , . . . .............................. !\
(749.38)
(512.37)
c. W ith 2,600 M. (619.32) salary........................................
33
2,472
d. W ith 2,300 M. (547.86) salary........................................
S c h e d u l e 19.—Germany.
(707; 45)
2,256
(537.38)
2,310
(550.24)
39
38
37
40
Service pensions for noncommissioned officers.
[Source: M. Adam, Das Militärversorgungsrecht im Heere, in der Marine, und in den Schutztruppen, Berlin, Kameradschaft, 1916, pp. 56-57.]
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in marks; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
Annual service pension according to length of service and corresponding fraction of pension for total disability.
Grade of pensioner.
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
50/100
53/100
56/100
59/100
62/100
65/100
68/100
71/100
74/100
77/100
80/100
83/100
86/100
89/100
92/100
95/100
98/100
100/100
477
(113.62)
381.60
(90.90)
318
(75.75)
504
(120.05)
403.20
(96.04)
336
(80.04)
531
(126.48)
424.80
(101.19)
354
(84.32)
558
(132.92)
446.40
(106.33)
372
(88.61)
585
(139.35)
468
(111. 48)
390
(92.90)
612
(145.78)
489.60
(116.62)
408
(97.19)
639
(152.21)
51Í. 20
(121.77)
426
(101.47)
666
(158.64)
532.80
(126.91)
444
(105.76)
693
(165.07)
554.40
(132.06)
462
(110.05)
720
(171.50)
576.00
(137.20)
480
(114.34)
747
(177.94)
597.60
(142.35)
498
(118.62)
774
(184.37)
619.20
(147.49)
516
(122.91)
801
(190.80)
640.80
(152.64)
534
(127.20)
828
(197.23)
662. 40
(157.78)
552
(131.49)
855
(203.66)
684
(162.93)
570
(135.77)
882
(210.09)
705.60
(168.07)
588
(140.06)
900
(214.38)
720
(171.50)
600
(142.92)
/ 450
1(107.19)
/ 360
1 (85.75)
/ 300
Under officer (corporal). . \ (71.46)
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
Pension
able yearly
salary.
Schedule
20.—Germany. Pensions for partial disability for noncommissioned officers and enlisted men.
[Source: M. Adam, Das Militärversorgungsrecht im Heere, in der Marine, und in den Schutztruppen, Berlin, Kameradschaft, 1916, pp. 66-57.]
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in marks; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
Annual disability pension according to percentage of disability (loss of earning power).
/
Sergeant major........................................................................................... 1
Sergeant....................................................................................................... Jl
/
Under officer (corporal)........................................................................... \
Private.......................................................................................................... \/
10/100
15/100
20/100
25/100
30/100
33J/100
35/100
40/100
45/100
50/100
90
(21.44)
72
(17.15)
60
(14.29)
54
(12.86)
135
(32.16)
108
(25.73)
90
(21.44)
81
(19.29)
180
(42.88)
144
(34.30)
120
(28.58)
108
(25. 73)
225
(53.60)
180
(42.88)
150
(35.73)
135
(32.16)
270
(64.31)
216
(51. 45)
180
(42.88)
162
(38.59)
300
(71.46)
240
(57.17)
200.40
(47.74)
180
(42.88)
315
(75.03)
252
(60.03)
210
(50.02)
189
(45.02)
360
(85.75)
288
(68.60)
240
(57.17)
216
(51.45)
405
(96.47)
324
(77.18)
270
(64.31)
243
(57.88)
450
(107.19)
360
(85.75)
300
(71.46)
270
(64.31)
55/100
495 (117.91)
396
(94.33)
330
(78.61)
297
(70.75)
Annual disability pension according to percentage of disability (loss of earning power).
Grade of pensioner.
60/100
/ 540
Sergeant major............................................................................................................... 1(128.63)
f 432
\(102.90)
f 360
Under officer (corporal)............................................................................................... \ (85.75)
/ 324
\ (77.18)
65/100
66|/100
70/100
75/100
80/100
85/100
90/100
95/100
585
(139.35)
468
(111. 48)
390
(92.90)
351
(83.61)
600
(142.92)
480
(114.34)
400.20
(95.33)
360
(85.75)
630
(150.07)
504
(120.05)
420
(100.04)
378
(90.04)
675
(160.79)
540
(128.63)
450
(107.19)
405
(96.47)
720
(171.50)
576
(137.20)
480
(114.34)
432
(102.90)
765
(182.22)
612
(145.78)
510
(121.48)
459
(109.33)
810
(192.94)
648
(154.35)
540
(128.63)
486
(115.77)
855
(203.66)
684
(162.93)
570
(135.77)
513
(122.20)
100/100
900
(214.38)
720
(171.50)
600
(142.92)
540
(128.63)
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR DEPEND ENTS,
Grade of pensioner.
cu
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
96
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
Schedule
21 .—Germojny.
The general pension to
Key: B equals pensionable active service bonus or bonuses.2 D P equals disabliity pension (without
monetary u n it, equivalent to $0.2382. P equals pension to which deceased w as, or would have been,
been entitled. M inimum for widow’s pension is 300M. ($71.46).« M aximum: Where alternative
widow is younger than the deceased, y equals number of years in excess of 5 during w hich widow and
served, u equals number of years in excess of 18 during which the deceased had served.
[Source: Reichsgesetzblatt, 1906, p. 665; 1906, p. 593; 1907, p. 214; 1912, p. 415; 1914, p. 335.]
[Amounts followed by M. are in marks; other amounts are in dollars.]
Pension, annual amount to widow until.remarriage.
If widow is not more than 15 years
younger than her husband. .
Deceased.
If widow is more
than 15 years
younger than
her husband.
Minimum.«
Minimum.«
M aximum.
If marriage lasted 5
years or less.
Officer (including medical officer) who was
at tim e of death entitled, either actually
or in case of retirement , to
а. Life-long pension, or
б. Temporary pension. In c a se 6, the
pensioning of th e widow, etc., is
discretionary.7
Officer (including medical officer) o f re
serves whose death was due to an injury
in th e service and who was at tim e of
death entitled to pension, either actually 40% of P ..................i{5’ l S % o f p 191) 01 i}(40—2*)% of P . . .
or in case of retirement. Pensioning of
th e widow, etc., is discretionary,7
R etired officer temporarily drafted into
active service who-had left the service.
a. ITnpensioned,' or
5. Pensioned, provided,in case b, that
marriage followed reentrance into
■ active service.
Pensioning of w idow , etc., is discre
tionary.7
Soldier of lower rank (noncommissioned
officer8 or private) who died
1. After serving 15 ycars or less
a. W hile in the active service,
from any cause, having 300 M. (71.46)......... 300 M. (71.46)....... 300 M. (71.46).......
served at least lO yeats, or
b. W hile in th e active service
(or w ithin 6 years of leaving
active service) from an in
jury sustqinedin theserviCe.
II. After serving z years in excess of
15 years
a. W hile in th e active serv
;/750M. or 100% of 1-20^(300 M. +180
ice, from any cause. .
^300 M .+18z M ........ { j ) p .
b. W ithin 6 years of leaving
I M.).
active service, from an
injury sustained in the
service.
1 The possessions of a deceased member of th e Colonial Forces, left behind by him in the colonies m ay
be sent free of charge to the residence of his survivors in the German Empire. Members of the household
of the deceased are entitled to free transportation to their homes w ithin a year of his death. See, also,
Schedule 23, p. 102.
.
.
. •
,
2 B for the Army and Colonial Forces is only the good conduct bonus. For the N avy it includes also the
bonuses for length of service, for sea voyages, and for specialist’s skill. The widow receives th e stated per
centage of the sum of her husband’s bonuses, except that the amount allowed to her on th is basis m ay
never exceed one-fifth of the pension to which her husband was, or would have been, entitled for totsT
disability (or 20 per cent of D P ).
•
~ . , .
.... . ,,
8 In reckoning the 40 per cent of husband’s pension to which widow of officer or official is entitled, the
amount of the husband’s- pension does not include his accessory pension for need, nor his bonus for m utila
tion or for old age. If th e w idow is entitled to a war pension in addition to her general pension, th e amount
of her husband’s pension which is used as the basis for reckoning her general pension excludes also the
bonus which her husband may have received for war, or shipwreck, or Tropics service.
« The minim um of 300 M. as indicated suffers no decrease except when the widow and orphans together
receive more than the specified m axim um general pension. I n this case the separate pensions are decreased
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEND ENTS.
97
widows. and children of officers and enlisted men. 1
bonuses) to which deceased would have been entitled for 100 per cent disability. M. equals marks, German
entitled on the day of his death.» W P equals pension to which widow of deceased was, or would have
maxim ums are shown the lower amount applies.5 x equals number of years in excess of 15 b y which
deceased had been married, z equals number of years in excess of 15 during w hich the deceased had
[Source: R eichsgesetzblatt, 1906, p. 565; 1906, p. 593; 1907, p. 214; 1912, p. 415, 1914, p. 335.]
[Amounts followed b y M. are in marks; other am ounts are in dollars.]
Pension, annual amount to widow until
remarriage—Continued.
If widow is more than 15 years younger than
her husband.
Pension, annual amount to
each child 6 under 18 years
of age and unmarried.
M aximum pension,
annual amount, to
whole dependent
fam ily.
Minimum. <
If marriage lasted y years
in excess of 5 years.
(40—
Maximum.5
If mother is
living and en
titled to pen
sion.
If mother is
dead, or not
entitled to
pension.
M. (1,191) or 40% j-20%of W P .. ..
4y)% of P . ........ /5,000
33$% of W P ... 100% of P .
l of P .
300 M. (71.46)................... 300 M. (71.46)................. 60 M. (14.29).. 100 M. (23.82).. 100% of D P .
120—r + 2 y t
; — 20— (300M .+i8zM .) 300 M .+18z M ................ 20% of W P ___ 33$% of W P ... 100% of D P .
m
proportionately. If widow and orphans together receive more than th e specified m axim um and if a de
crease in the pension is due in addition because of the w idow ’s comparative youth, the widow’s and
orphans’ pensipns are first decreased proportionally so that together they do not exceed the 100 per cent
disability pension of the deceased soldier; then the widow ’s pension is decreased on account of her age, and
the sum so deducted from the w idow ’s pension is added to th e orphan’s pensions until all the pensions
together are equal to the 100 per cent disability pension of the deceased. (See p. 106.) If one of the bene
ficiaries dies, th e remaining benefits increase up to their ordinary value, provided the m axim um for the
. whole fam ily is not exceeded.
'• 5 If in any case th e m axim um indicated for widow who is not more than 15 years younger than her hus
band proved to be less than that indicated for the widow who is 15+x years younger than her husband,
th is smaller m axim um would apply to th e younger widow.
6 Legitimate or legitimated.
7 B y consent of the highest m ilitary or marine adm inistrative authority of the contingent or of the
central colonial administration.
* For dependents of noncommissioned officers in th e N a v y ranking as deck officers pension is reckoned
like that for dependents of commissioned officers.
10735— 17------ 7
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
98
S chedule
21.—Germany.
The general pension to widows.
Pension, annual amount to widow u n til remarriage.
If widow is not more than 15 years
younger than her husband.
Deceased.
If widow is more
than 15 years
younger than
her husband.
M inimum.
Minimum.
Maximum.
If marriage lasted 5
years or less.
Soldier of lower rank, etc.—Continued.
III. In active service (under condi
tions I. or II. a) and while in re
ceipt of a pensionable bonus
(symbolized b y B ) : 1
o. H aving served 15 years or
less.
b.
300 M .+15% of R .. 300 M .+20% of D P
20— a;
„
—2q-(300M .+15%
o fP ).
20— £
—2q- ( 300 M.+18Z
M.+15% of B ).
H aving served z years in ex
cess of 15.
300 M.+18Z M .+
15% of B .
100% of D P +
37.5% of B .
c. H aving served u years in
excess of 18 and z years in
excess of 15.
300 M .+18z M .+
15% of B + .9 « %
of B .
100% of D P +
37.5% of B , or
750 M .+30% of
300 M. +30% of B .
300M .+20% of D P
—20-(3OOM.+3O%
of B ).
б. H aving served z years in
excess of 15.
300 M .+18z M .+
30% of B .
100% of D P+75%
of B .
—2Q- (300 M .+18z
M.+30% of B ).
Official1 who died as result of injury sus
tained in military service and who was
entitled to a pension (or would have been
entitled on retirement), 'provided mar
riage took place before retirement from
standing Arm y. The pensioning of the
widow is, however, discretionary.3
Member of voluntary medical corps in tim e
of war who died as result of injury in
battle w ithin 6 years after conclusion of
peace and who was entitled (either actu
ally or in case of retirement) to a pension,
provided marriage took place before the
end of service on field of battle.
40% of D P ............
3,500 M. (833.70)
or 100% of P .
40% of P- -2x%
of P .
IV . W hile entitled to a pension for 18
years of service, from any cause.
V. W hile entitled to a pension (from
any cause after 18 years of service
or from injury sustained in the
service) including a pensionable
bonus (symbolized by B):
а. Having served 15 years or
less.
(300 M .+ 18z
M .+15% of B
+0.9M% of B )\
2?.
300 M .+18z M .. .. 750 M. or 100% of 20—x
—2q-(300 M.+18Z
D P or 100% of P .
M.).
20 _x
300M. (7 1 .4 6 )...... 3,500 M. (833.70)
or 100% of D P .
20—1
300 M. (71.46)........
i Includes official of reserves, official of civil adm inistration or of th e church who acts as official of Army
in tim e of war, or any other person attached to th e A rm y as an official in tim e of war.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR DEPEN D EN TS.
99
M aximum pension,
annual am ount, towhole dependent
fam ily.
*
100% of DP+37.5%
of B .
100% of DP+37.5%
of B .
100% of DP+37.5%
of B .
100% of D P or 100%
of P .
300 M.+20% of D P .
100% of
of B .
D P+75%
100% of P .
100% of D P .
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
22 —Germany.
100
S chedule
War pensions {annual amounts) to widows and other dependents of men dying as result of war.1
[Sources: Reichsgesetzblatt, 1906, pp. 565, 593; 1907, p. 214; 1912, p. 415; 1914, p. 335.]
/e q u a ls income from all sources after the husband’s death.
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in marks; amounts w ithin parentheses are in dollars.]
Beneficiaries: Widows and other dependents ofIf general
pension is
granted.
Officers, including medical officers, officers of aviation corps,
officers of voluntary medical corps, and officials6 of
equivalent rank:6
General, or officer acting as general.....................................
Staff officer, all ranks below general and above captain.
Captain, first lieutenant, second lieutenant......................
Warrant officer...........................; ............................................
Noncommissioned officers (except deck officers) and pri
vates, including corresponding ranks in aviation corps
and voluntary medical corps, and officials6 of equivalent
rank:6
Sergeant major, vice sergeant major, sergeant w ith pay
of a vice sergeant major, chief guard of voluntary
medical corps.........................................................................
Sergeant, corporal, deputy chief guard or section leader
of voluntary medical corps................................................
Private or other person of lower rank of voluntary medi
cal corps.................................................................................
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Pension to
ascendants
(father,
If mother is dead or
If mother is living and
mother,
War pension.
not entitled to pension.
entitled to pension.
grand
Special
father,
allowance
grand
(discretionary,)2
mother)
Additional
to widows not If general If general If general If general
If general
allowance for entitled
dependent
pension
pension
to war pension is
pension
pension is . is not
officers’
upon the
is not
pension.
Is not
granted.
granted.
deceased.4
widows only
granted.
granted.
granted. (discretionary),
3.000 M.-7
(714.60-7)
2.000 M.- 7
(476.40-7)
2.000 M.-7
(476.40- 7)
1,500 M.-7
(357.30-7)
150 M.7
(35.73)
200 M.
(47.64)
200 M.
(47.64 >
200 M.
(47.64)
200 M.
(47.64)
200 M.
(47.64)
200 M .
(47.64)
200 M.
(47.64)
225 M.7
(53.60)
300 M.
(71.46)
300 M.
(71.46)
300 M.
(71.46)
300 M.
(71.46)
300 M.
(71.46)
300 M.
(71.46)
300 M.
(71.46)
450 M.
(107.19)
450 M.
(107.19)
45014.
(107.19)
450 M.
(107.19)
600 M.
(142.92)
600M .-7
(142.92-7)
108 M.
(25.73)
168 M.
(40.02)
140 M.
(33.35)
240 M.
(57.17)
250 M.
(59.55)
200 M.
(47.64)
500 M.
(119.10)
500 M .-7
(119.10-7)
108 M.
(25.73)
168 M.
(40.02)
140 M.
(33.35)
240 M.
(57.17)
250 M.
(59.55)
100 M.
(23.82)
400 M.
(95.28)
400 M .-7
(95.28-7)
108 M.
(25.73)
168 M.
(40.02)
140 itf.
(33.05)
240 M.
(57.17)
250 M.
(59.55)
1.500 M.
(357.30)
1.500 M.
(357.30)
1.200 M.
(285.84)
1.200 M.
(285.84)
2,000 M.
(476.40)
1,600 M.
(381.12)
1,200 M.
(285.84)
1,200. M.
(285.84)
300 M.
(71.46)
3.000 M.-7
(714.60-7)
2.000 M.-7
(476.40-7)
2.000 M.-7
(476.40-7)
1,500 M.-7
(357.30-7)
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
Pension to each child3 under 18 and unmarried.
Widow’s pension until remarriage.
i Includes a. Families of members of active army, navy, or colonial forces, or persons acting as soldiers in tim e of war who die w ithin 10 years of conclusion of neace from ininrv
received in war 6. Families oi members of standing army (but not of active army) who, on account of exertions or privations due to war or influenced da^geroufto health ^
w ithin a year of the end of the war. c Families of members of army who were ordered to participate in the war in a foreign armv or n a fy and w ^ d i e d a ^
w ithm a year of returning from the field of war d. Families of members of army, navy, or colonial forces who have become entitled to a pension orw h oh ave d fed ta m lctice of
aeronautics as a result of the peculiar dangers of the service, e. Families of members of navy (or members of army utilized in voyage) who died inshipw reck ot w ithhilO vears
of return home or dismissal from service in foreign parts on account of injury received in a shipwreck. D eath w ithin 10 years from the extraordinary mfluence o” t h e S E J
voyage e n tite s the widow, etc., to war pension (but not to special allowance) provided she had Seen married at the tim e of the voyage, f. Families of K b e r t b f t ^ e b S l f o r ^ l
who withm 10 years after return home or after dismissal from the colonial service die as result of the peculiar perils of colonial sendee or the ex tra o rd to influences ofth eclim d te
during a sojourn m th e colonies; these are entitled to war pension but not to special allowance.
auiuiuaxy
01 tne Cilmate
. . 6 Officials include: (a) Officials in the civil administration and the church employed as Army officials in the active Army only during a war; also (6) officials of the civil admin
istration who are at the command of their superior^ utilized during war to support military measures and are under the orders of the commanding general of the locaf Armv c ^ S
provided these latter (class b) have become entitled to pension or have died on account of an injury received during the war in fulfilling their duties; (c) any other person attached
as an official to the Army or N avy in tim e of war or serving it on private contract.
6
’v;
Person aitacnea
. . 6 Same amounts apply to equivalent ranks in the N avy and colonial forces. A moim t of pension, by rank, on behalf of persons not in active Armv N a w or colonial forces
is determined: (a) For a person acting as soldier m tim e of war by military rank, last held by deceased in standing Armv. (6) For a person of m ilita^ p rofeslw n a c t o
an Army official in tim e of war, by military rank, last held by deceased, (c) For other person acting as Army official in tim e of war or serving it on private Contract H h e h is blen
7 Applies also to pension for child of staff officer acting as commander of regiment.
L Army ° m
m
wh0“ p' nsi°“ ble i” “ me * “ “
“
S S S f W
.s s
M ILITARY FORCES 4 N D T H E IR D E P E N D E N T S.
tto v d d o W to lS ? & £ £ £ & U ^ S K b y 8 / ? ^
Contingent or of C6n^ al colonial administration. AUowance equals the difference between the
8 Legitimate or legitimated.
. 4 If deceased had been their entire or chief support before entering active Army or after leaving active Army until tim e of last illness or death. For relatives of aviators onlv if
deceased had been their entire or chief support a t the tim e of his death or before the beginning of his last illness. Amount stated is m axim um . Pension granted only in case of
101
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102
Schedule
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
23.— Germany. Gratuities granted to dependents of officers and enlisted men
dying in the service or while in receipt of pension.
[Source: Reichsgesetzblatt, 1906, pp. 565,593; 1907, p. 214.]
Beneficiary.
Stipulations concerning the
deceased.
1. If pensioner, drawing a monthly
pension fee oi p M: a single grant
following his decease. (If this
is granted, th e dependent’s pen
sion begins 3 months after the
soldier’s death: otherwise on the
day after his death, and for post
humous orphans on the day of
their birth.)
2. If unpensioned, drawing a
monthly salary of s M, then
killed in active service: a single
grant following his decease, (in
this case, the dependent’s pen
sion begins one m onth after the
soldier’s death.)
3. If th e second case applies, and
if the dependent’s pension is d
M: a single grant in addition to
the pension and to the salary.
4. If the second case applies, and if
the dependents are not entitled
to a pension, a single grant in
additon to the salary.
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W idow.
Legiti
mate or
legitimated
child.
Other dependents if indigent; and if the deceased
had been their entire or chief support, or if he
does not leave enough m oney to cover the
expenses of his last illness and burial.
Relative
in ascend
ing line.
Sister or
brother.
Nephew
or niece.
Foster
child?
3p.
3p.
U p to 3p.
U p to 3p.
U p to 3p.
U p to 3p.
s.
8.
U p to s.
U p to s.
U p to s.
U p to s,
2s.-2d.
2s.-2d.
U |3 to 2s.-
U p to 2s 2d.
U p to 2s.2d.
U p to 2s 2d.
25.
2s.
U p to 2s.
U p to 2s.
U p to 2s.
U p to 2s.
MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
103
dependents ’ pensions .
(1) A general pension is granted to the widow until she remarries,
and to every unmarried legitimate or legitimated orphan under 18
years of age. The amount of the benefit depends upon the years of
service of the deceased soldier; the time of his marriage; the dura
tion of his married fife; the difference in age between himself and his
wife; the pension to which he was entitled on the day of his death
or to which he would have been entitled had he then retired; and the
pensionable bonus or good-conduct pay he had received.
The widow’s pension varies from a minimum of 300 marks ($71.46)
a year to a maximum of 5,000 marks ($1,191) a year; various other
maxima are set, such as the pension to which her husband had been
entitled or pension for total disability granted for his rank. Where
various maxima are set the lowest is effective.
The child’s pension is likewise limited either by the pension to which
the father had been entitled, or by the 100 per cent disability pen
sion attached to his rank. The same maximum is set for the whole
family of children and widow together. Hence, in case this maxi
mum is exceeded, even when the widow receives the minimum sum
of 300 marks ($71.46), all the benefits (including hers) are propor
tionately decreased until together they amount to the specified
maximum. (See Schedule 21, p. 96.)
(2) The war pension is granted if the deceased died in battle or
as a result of a wound received in war, or suffered other injury in
war and died thereof within 10 years of the conclusion of peace.
The widow and each child receive sums of money which vary
according to the rank of the deceased, and, so far as the child is
concerned, according to whether the child is parentless or only
fatherless. If the general pension is not granted these beneficiaries,
the war pension is increased sometimes as much as 400 per cent.
If the widow’s income is less than certain fixed maxima, an accessory
allowance may be granted her to raise her income to the desired sum.
This occurs especially if the widow is not entitled to war pension for
survivors of members of the active army, but if her husband was
entitled to a pension, or would have been—had he retired on the
day of his death—on account of an injury received in the war.
Relatives in ascending line may be granted a war pension in case
of need if the deceased had been their entire or chief support before
entering the active army, or after leaving it, up to the time of his
last illness or death. (See Schedule 22, p. 100.)
(3) Gratuities are granted to families of the deceased so that
for 3 months after his death they receive (including the dependents’
pensions, if they are entitled to these) sums of money equal to the
monthly pension or salary of the deceased. (See Schedule 23, p. 102.)
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104
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OE
Minimum war'pensionfor the widow of a private.—If the husband died
while he was in the standing army after 10 years of service, the
widow’s general pension is 300 marks ($71.46). The war pension
consists in this case of 100 marks ($23.82) per year and is granted
only if the private died in battle, or as a result of a wound received
in war, or suffered other injury in war and died thereof within 10
years of the conclusion of peace. Her total pension is thus 400
marks ($95.28) a year.
If the general pension is not granted because the soldier served
less than 10 years or for some other reason, and the widow is entitled
to war pension under the stipulation above mentioned for the award
of war pension, her war pension consists of 400 marks ($95.28).
Thus the widow’s minimum war pension in either case is 400 marks
($95.28).
Maximum pension for the widow of a private.—The figures in the
accompanying table give the widow’s general pension, provided the
widow is not more than 15 years younger than her husband.
Years of service.
1 to is
16
17
18
19
20 . .
21
22. .
General pension.
300 marks
318 marks
336 marks
354 marks
372 marks
390 marks
408 marks
426 marks
($71.46)
($75.75)
($80.04)
($84.32)
($88.61)
($92.90)
($97.19)
($101.47)
Years of service.
23..................................................
24..................................................
25..................................................
26.................................................
27..................................................
28..................................................
29..................................................
30 and more...............................
General pension.
444 marks ($105.76)
462 marks ($110.05)
480 marks ($114.34)
498 marks ($118.62)
516 marks ($122.9l)
534 marks ($127.20)
540 marks ($128.63)
540 marks ($128.63)
If the deceased died of an injury sustained in the service, w hile in the standing army, or w ithin 6 years of
leaving active service, the whole table applies; if the deceased died while in the standing army after 10 years
of service, the table applies from the tenth year on. The maxim um—attained after 29 years of service—
is 540 marks ($128.63).
If the deceased died in retirement, after at least 18 years of service—entitled to a pension at the tim e of his
death—the above table applies from the eighteenth year on, w ith the proviso th at if the pension to
which the deceased had been entitled was less than 540 marks ($128.63), the widow’s pension could not
exceed this lower amount. ■
If the deceased died in battle or as a result of a wound received in
war, or suffered other injury in war and died thereof within 10 years
of the conclusion of peace (stipulation for the award of war pension),
the widow will receive 100 marks ($23.82) war pension in addition
to the general pension. Total, 640 marks ($152.45) a year.
If the widow is not entitled to the general pension, she receives
only 400 marks ($95.28) per year war pension.
Minimum war pensionfor child of a private.—(a) Child whose mother
is living. If the father died after 10 years of service, the child’s
general pension is 20 per cent of the widow’s, i. e., 60 marks ($14.29).
If, in addition, war pension is granted because the father’s death was
in accordance with the stipulation for the award of war pension above
specified, the war pension for the fatherless child is 108 marks ($25.73);
his total pension is therefore 168 marks ($40.02) per year.
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MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
105
If the general pension is not granted, the fatherless child receives
168 marks ($40.02) war pension. In either case, therefore, the total
pension for the fatherless child is 168 marks ($40.02) annually.
The general pension of widow and orphan together must not be
more than 540 marks ($128.63). If it is, the general pensions are de
creased proportionately, so that together they are equal to 540 marks
($128.63). If, under these circumstances, a decrease is also due
because the widow is more than 15 years younger than her husband,
a deduction is next made for this; and the sum so deducted from the
widow’s pension is added to the child’s, until all the general pen
sions together equal 540 marks ($128.63).
(b) Full orphan. The full orphan, or the child whose mother is
not entitled to the general pension at her husband’s death, receives
33^ per cent of the widow’s pension, or 100 marks ($23.82). If the
father’s death was in accordance with the stipulations for the war
pension, the full orphan, or the child whose mother is not entitled to
the war pension, receives 140 marks ($33.35) war pension; his total
pension is therefore 240 marks ($57.17) per year.
If the general pension is not granted, the full orphan (or equivalent)
receives 240 marks ($57.17). In either case the full orphan (or
equivalent) receives a total pension of 240 marks ($57.17) per year.
Maximum pension for child of a private.—(a) Child whose mother
is living. The child receives 20 per cent of the general pension
granted to the widow, i. e., a general pension of 108 marks ($25.73).
The general pension of the widow and orphans together must not
exceed 540 marks ($128.63). If it does, all the benefits are decreaed
proportionately until 540 marks ($128.63) is reached. If the father’s
death in addition satisfies the stipulation for the award of war pen
sion, each fatherless child receives 108 marks ($25.73) war pension;
his total pension is therefore 216 marks ($51.45) per year.
If the general pension is not granted, the child receives annually 168
marks ($40.02) war pension.
(6) Full orphan. The full orphan (i. e., widow’s step-child) receives
33 J per cent of the general widow’s pension, i. e., 180 marks ($42.88).
If war pension is awarded, the full orphan (or child whose mother is
not entitled to a widow’s war pension at the time of the father’s
death) receives 140 marks ($33.35); his total pension is therefore 320
marks ($76.22) per year.
If the general pension is not granted, the full orphan receives 240
marks ($57.17) war pension per year.
Maximum pension for a parent or grandparent.—Only war pension
is granted to a parent or grandparent, under the same condition for
the soldier’s death as before, and only if the deceased had been
their entire or chief support before entering the Army, or after leaving
the Army, up to the time of his last illness or death. The pension
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
106
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF
consists of a maximum of 250 marks ($59.55) per year for a single^
beneficiary on behalf of a private or noncommissioned officer, and is
granted only in case of need, by consent of the highest military or
marine authority of the contingent. The parent or grandparent of
an officer receives 450 marks ($107.19) a year.
Sample calculation of general pension for a widow and orphans}—A
sergeant (Oberfahnenschmied), having served 19 years, received oh
leaving active service a pension for total disability amounting to 720
marks ($171.50) plus 180 marks ($42.88) increase (due to pensionable
bonuses amounting to 240 marks), or a total of 900 marks ($214.38).
He died and was survived by a widow more than 21 years younger
than himself to whom he had been married 6 years, three children
that she had borne to him and three children of a former wife.
The widow’s basic annual pension on which the actual pension of
the family would depend would include three elements:2
300 marks ($71.46), the minimum widow’s pension.
18 marks ($4.29), for each year in excess of 15 years that her
husband had served, amounting in this case to four times 1.8 marks,
or 72 marks ($17.15) a year.
30 per cent of her husband’s active service bonuses of 240 marks,
or 72 marks ($17.15) a year.
This basic widow’s pension would therefore equal 444 marks
($105.76).
Each of the widow’s three children would receive 20 per cent of this
widow’s pension or 88.80 marks, which according to the law is
rounded out to 90 marks ($21.44), and together they add 270 marks
($64.31) to the family pension.
Each of the three motherless children would receive 33| per cent
of the widow’s pension or 148 marks, which is rounded out to 150
marks ($35.73), and together they add 450 marks ($107.19) to the
family pension.
The total pension on this basis would amount to 444 marks plus
270 marks plus 450 marks or 1,164 marks ($277.26). But the total
for all dependents must not exceed the pension for total disability to
which the husband’s grade entitled him plus three-fourths of his
pensionable bonuses, or in this case, as we have seen, 900 marks
($214.38).3
1 Armee Verordnungsblatt, vol. 41, 1907, p. 252.
2 Compare formula, 300 marks plus 18 z marks plus 30 per cent of B , in Schedule 21, p. 98.
3 Compare formula, 100 per cent of D P plus 75 per cent of B , in Schedule 21, p. 98.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MILITARY FORGES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
107
In reducing the total family pension from 1,164 marks ($277.26) to
900 marks ($214.38) the right proportion between the shares allowed
to the widow, the widow’s children, and the children of a previous
wife must he preserved. As we have seen, the share of a widow’s
child is 20 per cent or one-fifth of the widow’s share, and the share of
a motherless child is 33 J per cent or one-third of the widow’s share,
and this gives the following triple proportion:
Widow : Widow’s child : Motherless child : : 15 : 3 : 5.
In this family there are 3 children of the widow and 3 motherless
children, so the proportion becomes:
Widow : Widow’s children : Motherless children : : 15 : 9 : 15.
The total pension of 900 marks ($214.38) would therefore be ap
portioned as follows:
Widow,
of 900 marks............................................ 346.15 marks ($82. 45).
Widow’s children,
of 900 marks........................ 207. 70 marks ($49. 47).
Motherless children,
of 900 marks......... ! ......... 346.15 marks ($82. 45).
Again, the widow’s share must be reduced because she was more
than 15 years younger than her husband, but the reduction is modi
fied by the fact that they had been married more than 5 years. For
each year in excess of 15 years that the widow was younger than her
husband her pension is reduced by one-twentieth, and for each year
in excess of 5 years during which they had been married it is in
creased by one-tenth. Letting x equal the number of years in excess
of 15 and y the number of years in excess of 5, the following formula
develops for finding the widow’s proper share:1
20~ * + 2y x 346.15 marks ($82.45).
In this case x equals 7 and y equals 1, therefore the formula becomes
^ ~ ^ ^ or ^ or \ X 346.15 marks ($82.45), and this equals
20
■»O
4
259.61 marks ($61.84).
The amount deducted from the widow’s share—86.54 marks
($20.61)—is distributed among the children so that the share of the
widow’s children is to the share of the motherless children as 9 is to 15:
Widow’s children, ^ of 86.54 marks....................... 32.45 marks ($7. 73).
Motherless children, %%of 86.54 marks.................... 53. 09 marks ($12. 89).
Adding these amounts to the children’s original share we have:
Widow’s children, 207.70 marks plus 32.45 m arks....,.......... 240.15 marks ($57. 20).
Motherless children, 346.15 marks plus 53.09 marks.............. 400. 24 marks ($95. 34).
And the family receives as follows :
Widow..................... - ................................................ 259. 61 marks ($61. 84).
Children................................................................... 640. 39 marks ($152. 54).
900.00 marks ($214 38).
Total
i
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Compare Schedule 21, p. 96.
24.— Germany.
108
Schedule
General pension of a sergeant major’s widow.
[N ote.—The sergeant major (reenlisted) had received 360 M. (185.75) yearly in pensionable bonus in addition to his salary of 745.20 M. ($177.51) and he had died before leaving active
service after 20 years of service. The widow was (15+r) years younger than he was, and his married life w ith her had lasted (5 + y ) years.]
x
equals years in excess of 15 years by which the widow was younger than her husband, y equals years in excess of 5 years during which the marriage had lasted,
maximum of 450.48 M. ($107.30) per year.
m equals
X
1
1
2
3
/ 450.48 |
1(107.30)
m.
IT 427.So
1(101.94)
4
405.43
(96.57)
5
6
360.3^
382.91
(91.21) (85.84)
405.43
/ 427.96
1(101.94) . (96.57)
2
m.
Til.
Til.
m.
3
m.
Ttl.
m.
m.
Til.
Til.
7
337.86
(80.48)
382.91
(91.21)
/ 427.96
1(101.94)
8
315.34
(75.11)
360.38
(85.84)
405.43
(96.57)
9
292.81
(69.75)
337.86
(80.48)
382.91
(91.21)
/ 427.96
1(101.94)
10
270.29
(64.38)
315.34
(75.11)
360.38
(85.84)
405.43
(96.57)
n
247.76
(59.02)
292.81
(69.75)
337.86
(80.48)
382.91
(91.21)
f 427.96
1(101.94)
12
225.24
(53.65)
270.29
(64.38)
315.34
(75.11)
360.*38
(85.84)
405.43
(96.57)
4
m.
Tfl.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Tfl.
5
Til.
Ttl.
Tfl.
Ttl.
Til.
m.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Ttl.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Tfl.
13
202.72
(48.29)
247.76
(59.02)
292.81
(69.75)
337.86
(80.48)
382.91
(91.21)
/ 427.96,
1(101.94)
14
180.19
(42.92)
225.24
(53.65)
270.29
(64.38)
315.34
(75.11)
360.38
(85.84)
405.43
(96.57)
15
157.67
(37.56)
202.72
(48.29)
247.76
(59.02)
292.81
(69.75)
337.86
(80.48)
382.91
(91.21)
f 427.96
1(101.94)
16
135.14
(32.19)
180.19
(42.92)
225.24
(53.65)
270.29
(64.38)
315.34
(75.11)
360.38
(85.84)
405.43
(96.57)
6
m.
7
m.
Til.
Tfl.
Til.
Til.
Ttl.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
8
m.
m.
Ttl.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
m.
m.
9
m.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
TYl.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Til.
Ttl.
Til.
17
18
90.10
112.62
(26.83) (21.46)
135.14
157.67
(37.56) (32.19)
180.19
202.72
(48.29) (42.92)
225.24
247.76
(59.02) (53.65)
270.29
292.81
(69.75) . (64.38)
315.34
337.86
(80.48) (75.11)
360.38
382.91
(91.21) (85.84)
405.43
/ 427.96
1(101.94) (96.57)
Til.
Til.
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in marks; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
OF
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
109
" Discussion of formula for a widow’s general pension.—In the charts
for pensions of dependents, so many stipulations depending upon
variable quantities are attached to certain benefits that the general
ized benefit can be expressed concisely only in terms of an algebraic
formula. Thus the widow of a reenlisted private or noncommissioned
officer who, according to budget, had received a pensionable bonus
or good-conduct pay B; who had died before leaving active service
after (18 + %) years of service; whose wife had been (15 + «) years
younger than himself; whose married fife with her had lasted (5+y)
years, receives a general pension equal to
20 —« + 2y
20
(354 + 18%) M. + (15 + 0.9%) % of 5 J M. a year.
The maximum is set at (354 + 18%) M. + [(15 + 0.9%) % of 5] M. a
year.
The application of this formula can be illustrated by a concrete
case. A sergeant major in the Württemberg “ Schlossgarde Kom
pagnie” receives by budget in addition to a salary of 745.20 marks
($177.51) per year, a pensionable bonus (5 = 360 M.) or 360
marks ($85.75). If he had reenlisted and died before leaving active
service after 20 years of service (%—2) the formula for the widow’s
pension would have been
20 20f 2 y [ 390M- + 16-8% of
2Q+2y (450.48)
As there are here only two variables, x and y, the benefits can be
shown for different values of x and y in a plane table. The maximum
value is 450.48 marks ($107.30), and the formula applies only for
values under the maximum.
LUM P-SUM PAYM ENTS.
A lump-sum payment in place of the pension annuity may be
granted to disabled soldiers and to widows of enlisted men for the
purpose of acquisition or economic improvement of landed property
of their own, or cooperation in a mutually advantageous building or
colonizing enterprise with the aim of acquiring property of their own,
if (a) the claimant is between 21 and 55 years of age (exceptions may
be made if he is older than 55) and (b) useful expenditure is guaran
teed. The indemnity is based on the age of the claimant, who re
ceives a given multiple of the annual pension fee. The annual pen
sion of a disabled man may include mutilation bonus and war bonus
or Tropics bonus to the extent of the war bonus; the annual pension
of a widow for this purpose may be not more than 300 marks ($71.46)
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
110
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
for the widow of a sergeant major 1 or a sergeant of the voluntary-.^
medical corps; 250 marks ($59.55) for the widow of a sergeant, corporal, deputy sergeant or sectional leader of the voluntary medical
corps; 200 marks ($47.64) for the widow of a private or any other .
person of'the lower ranks of the voluntary medical corps.2
Age of claimaht.
21
.......................................................
22......................................................................
23.......................................................................
24 ...................................................................
25
...........................................................
26.......................................................................
27 ...................................... . ..........................
28......................................................................
29 ...................................................................
30......................................................................
31.......................................................................
32.....................................................................
33.......................................................................
3 4 ...'................................................................
3 5 .....................................................................
3 6 .....................................................................
37......................................................................
38......................................................................
M ultiple of
annual
pension.
18.50
18.25
18.00
17.75
17.50
17.25
17.00
16.75
16.50
16.25
16.00
15.75
15.50
15.25
15.00
14.75
14.50
14.25
Age of claimant.
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
Multiple of
annual
pension.
14.00
13.75
13.50
13.25
13.00
12.75
12.50
12.25
12.00
11.75
11.25
10.75
10.25
9.75
9.25
8.75
8.25
ADMINISTRATION.
Disability 'pensions.—Pensions to army officers 3 are granted by
the ministry of war and to navy officers by the imperial navy office.
Pensions are paid monthly in advance, and begin at the end of the
last month for which the salary was paid.
The right to pension ceases with the officer’s return to active
military life or with his sentence to prison for high treason or a
similar offense.
The pension is suspended:
(1) For the time the officer is not a subject of the empire;
(2) When the pensioner is abroad, or his whereabouts are unknown
at the time a charge of high treason is lodged against him;
(3) For the time of his stay in an invalid home;
(4) In case of temporary entrance into active military service;
in this case the amount of salary received is subtracted from the
pension;
(5) For the time during which he occupies a post in the civil
service.
Pensions to soldiers and sailors 4 are granted by the same authori
ties as are officers’ pensions.
1 Or vice sergeant major, or a sergeant w ith the wages of a sergeant major.
2 Reichsgesetzblatt, 1916, p. 680.
8 Law of May 31, 1906, Reichsgesetzblatt, 1906, p. 565
* Ibid., p. 593.
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M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
Ill
f-. The determination of the degree of incapacity and its connection
with the injury received in service is assigned to special military
medical authorities. The injured man has the right to show evidence
in behalf of his claim. Appeal against a decision may be filed with
the next higher authority, and in the last instance with the ministry
of war.
As in the case of officers, pensions to soldiers are paid monthly in
advance.
The right to pension and other relief ceases with the soldier’s
return to active military service; also with his sentence for high
treason or a similar offense.
The certificate showing claim to a post in the civil service1 goes
out of force when the owner of the certificate retires from civil service
with a pension.
The pension and other relief is suspended—
(1) For the time the pensioner is not a subject of the Empire.
(2) When the pensioner is abroad or his whereabouts are unknown
at the time a charge of high treason is lodged against him.
(3) For the time of his stay in an invalid home, military hospital,
or sanitarium.2
(4) In case of temporary entrance into active military service.
In this case the amount of salary received is subtracted from the
pension.
A deduction from the pension, varying according to the amount of
wages received, is also made during the time the pensioner occupies
a civil-service position.
Dependents’ pensions.—Pensions to dependents of officers and
soldiers are granted by the same authorities as are invalid pensions.
Payment begins at the end of the period for which gratuities
(Gnadengebuhmisse) were given, and in their absence with the day
after the soldier’s death. The regular pensions are paid monthly in
advance; the additional gratuities in single payments. General
pensions and war pensions are granted simultaneously.
The widow receives the pension until her remarriage or death; an
orphan until his or her eighteenth birthday, marriage, or death.
The right of the pension is suspended for the time the pensioner is
not a subject of the empire.
Lump-sum payments.3—Lump-sum payments in place of an
annual pension are permitted to a widow or to a disabled soldier on
account of a civil-service certificate.
The application must specify at least in a general way the purpose
for which the lump sum is intended. The military authorities of
1 Granted on retirement to disabled noncommissioned officers and men.
2 In such cases the pension is given either w holly or partly to th e soldier’s fam ily, if he had one to support.
3 Circular of July 8, 1916, on the administration of the law on lump-sum paym ents of war pensions.
Reichsgesetzblatt, 1916, p. 684.
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GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
the district investigate whether the pensioner had reached his 01^
her twenty-first hut not fifty-fifth birthday, and whether for any
reason, such as intended remarriage, the forfeiture of the pension
is imminent. The central civil authorities of the State investigate
the personal and family circumstances of the petitioner. After this
the application is sent to the commanding general of the district for
decision. Against this decision an appeal may be made to the war
ministry, whose decision is final.
Payment is made according to regulations issued by the war
ministry in cooperation with the highest civil authorities.
The expenditure of the money is supervised by civil authorities
chosen for this purpose by the ministry of war.
In case of remarriage of the widow, the question of refunding the
lump sum payment is decided by the ministry of war.
Length of service.—Pensions are in many cases based upon length
of service. For the army, navy, and colonial forces the following
provisions hold:
(1) Time of service is counted from the day of entering active
service until the end of the month in which the officer, and the end
of the day on which the private or noncommissioned officer, leaves
the service.
(2) Time spent in the service before the eighteenth year of age is
reached, is not counted, except in case of war, in which case the count
begins with the first day of the war or from the day of entrance into
the service in war time.
(3) For every war in which an officer, noncommissioned officer, or
private takes part, one year is added to his real time of service. If
several wars occur in one year, only one year is added. If a war
lasts several years, the Kaiser determines how many war years are
to be counted.
(4) Time spent in the civil service of the empire or an allied State
is counted for officers.
(5) Time spent in non-European countries (not less than one
uninterrupted year of service) counts double with consent of the
foreign office, hut not if the year is a war year.
(6) Imprisonment of at least one year as a punishment or war
imprisonment of at least one year excludes the time of imprisonment
from the count. Exceptions to this law are possible with consent of
the head of the contingent and of the Kaiser, respectively.
(7) With consent of the highest military authority of the contin
gent, time spent in military service of a country not belonging to the
German Empire may he counted.
For the navy, in addition to the above seven provisions, several
others hold.
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M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
113
^ ‘(8) A voyage of six months or more in foreign waters under the
same ship's captain counts double. Foreign waters are those which
are not part of the North Sea or Baltic, these being counted up to the
Dover-Calais line up to 3 west longitude, 60 north latitude.
(9) A voyage shorter than six months, if very injurious to the
health of the crew, may (with the Kaiser’s consent) count double.
(10) Time (not less than six uninterrupted months) spent by a
member of the Navy not belonging to a ship’s crew in the colonies
or their unexplored interior, and in the voyages in foreign waters
thereunto pertaining, counts double unless the year is a war year.
For the colonial forces, in addition to the first seven provisions,
two further ones hold:
(11) Service in the colonies with the colonial forces, if not less than
six consecutive months in length, counts double.
(12) Voyages in foreign seas, if not less than six consecutive
months in duration, count double, unless the year is a war year.
Stipulations for the reserves show slight further variations.
REFERENCES.
Reichsamt des Innern. Reichsgesetzblatt.
Preussen, Kriegsministerium. Armee Verordnungsblatt.
Adam, M. Das Militärversorgungsrecht im Heere, in der Marine,
und in den Schutztruppen, Berlin, Kameradschaft, 1916.
Rimrod, C. Was muss jeder Kriegsteilnehmer von der Kriegsver
sorgung wissen ? München, J. Lindauer, 1915.
Veltzö’s Internationaler Armee Almanach, Stuttgart, Ch. Belser
1913-1914.
Verhandlungen des Reichstages, vol. 241, Berlin, Julius Sittenfeld,
1907.
Soziale Praxis, Berlin.
GREAT BRITAIN AND BRITISH COLONIES .1
GREAT BRITAIN.
INTRODUCTION.
In Great Britain four kinds of payments may be made by the
State to soldiers and sailors and their dependents. Separation allow
ances may be paid to wives and other dependents while the man is
absent on military or naval duty; special allowances are madv the
man if he can prove that obligations contracted before he went into
the service must be met at a certain time in order to prevent serious
1 A separate report entitled “ Care of D ependents of E nlisted Men in Canada” was prepared b y S. Herbert
Wolfe and published by the Children’s Bureau in May, 1917 (U . S . Department of Labor, Children’s Bureau
publication N o. 25). The material on Great Britain and the British Colonies in the present report was
prepared b y Miss Louise Moore.
10735—17----- 8
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GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
financial loss to him; disability pensions may be paid to a m&n,.
injured in the line of duty or suffering from illness contracted or
aggravated by duty; pensions may be paid to wives, children, and
other dependents in case the man is killed or dies from wounds or
injury, the consequence of military or naval duty. Either allow
ances or pensions may be continued to children beyond the estab
lished age limit under special circumstances.
Separation allowances may be paid to wives and legitimate chil
dren under 16 years of age, to unmarried wives and their children,
to illegitimate children supported by the man before he went into the
service under court order or otherwise, and in the absence of wife and
children to other persons proved to have been dependent on the
soldier or sailor before he entered the service. Separation allowance
to the wife depends on the man’s making her an allotment from his
pay, which is somewhat more than a third of the amount allowed by
the State in addition. In the army the allotment is obligatory.
The amount of separation allowance made to a wife depends on the
rank of the man. The separation allowance payable for each child is
not contingent on a man’s making any allotment and is the same for
the children of men of all ranks. For other dependents the man must
make an allotment if separation allowance is requested. A wife and
four children of the private of lowest rank receive 25s. ($6.08) a week,
of which the man pays 3s. 6d. (85 cents). Separation allowance to
wife and children is in no case withheld because the beneficiary
has other means of support.
Special allowances may be paid to enable men to meet financial
obligations contracted before they entered service for the following
purposes: To pay installments due on furniture or real property, to
rent property, to pay interest and installments due on loans, in
cluding mortgages, to pay rates or taxes, to pay insurance premiums
or fees due for children’s schooling. The need for financial assist
ance must be proved, and the amount paid by the State can not
exceed £104 ($506.12) per annum.
Disability pension is based on the amount of disability and the
rank of the disabled man. Various kinds of disability are specified,
and the rates paid are proportionate to their ratio to total disability.
Total disability for a private is rated at 27s. 6d. ($6.69) a week, and
20 per cent disability at 5s. 6d. ($1.34) a week. In addition, a sum
is granted for each child, this sum also proportionate to the extent
of the father’s disability. Provision is made for additional pay
ments in case the man is disabled in such a way as to require the
constant attendance of another person. The payment of one-half
of the disability pension may be conditional on the man’s under
going treatment or training certified as necessary for his interest.
No reduction in the amount of pension granted will be made if earning
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M ILITARY FORCES A N D TH E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
115
Rapacity is increased by such treatment or training. When a man
is undergoing training or treatment he may be paid an additional
allowance.
Instead of receiving the disability pension, a man may, if he
chooses, be granted a pension based in amount on his prewar income.
If he can prove that the pension, with children’s allowance, together
with his average earnings is less than his prewar earnings, he may
be granted a pension which together with his average earnings will
equal but not exceed his prewar earnings up to a maximum of 50s.
($12.16) a week, plus half of any prewar earnings between 50s.
($12.16) and 100s. ($24.32) a week. In case a man chooses the
prewar earnings instead of the usual disability pension, he loses all
disability pension and allowances for children. A similar arrange
ment can be made by officers up to a higher maximum prewar
income.
Commissioned officers also receive disability pensions based on the
degree of disability. These vary with the kind of commission—-tem
porary or permanent—held by the officer and also with his rank.
Pensions in case of the death of a soldier or sailor may be paid to
wives and legitimate children, to unmarried wives and their children,
to illegitimate children, and to other persons previously dependent
on the man for support. Pensions are to be paid in case the man is
killed in the performance of naval or military duty, dies as a result
of wounds or injuries received in the performance of such duty
within seven years of receiving such wounds or injuries, or dies of
disease certified as contracted or commencing while on active service
or as having been aggravated by active service within seven years
of his removal from duty on account of such disease, providing the
man’s death has not been caused by his serious negligence or mis
conduct. The rates for the widow vary from 21s, 3d. ($5.17) a week
for the widow of a warrant officer Class I, to 13s. 9d. ($3.34) a week
for the widow of a private or marine. In addition a sum is paid
for each child until such child is 16. A widow is granted an addi
tional allowance while receiving any course of instruction which the
minister of pensions thinks will be of advantage to her.
If a widow can show that the pension paid her together with
children’s allowances is less than one-half the amount her husband
would have received had he been paid on the basis of prewar earnings
as described above, she may be paid in lieu of her pension and chil
dren’s allowances a pension not to exceed one-half of what her
husband would have received if pensioned under the prewar earnings
scheme.
In addition to widow and children, other dependents may also be
pensioned if they can prove prewar dependence. Parents may be
pensioned when they become incapable of self-support even if they
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GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
were not dependent on the man for support previous to his joinings
the colors, providing the man was, at the time of beginning his service,
an apprentice at a recognized trade or if he was still receiving training
in school or had been articled to a profession.
Widows of army officers receive pensions based on the rank of the
deceased and the manner of his death, those killed in action or on
flying duty being entitled to the highest rate.
The royal patriotic fund corporation, of which some of the officers
are appointed by the King and the rest by the admiralty, army
council and other bodies, administer funds collected from private
sources for the refief of soldiers, sailors, and their families for whom
the allowances and pension prove insufficient. Local committees
administer the fund under the orders of the chief or statutory com
mittees. The royal patriotic fund corporation takes into account
prewar income and prewar dependence, besides the earning capacity
of the applicant for aid. They pay also temporary allowances where
no pension is payable out of public funds, and grant supplementary
allowances for rent. Since June, 1916, they have administered the
private relief for soldiers’ and sailors’ families which was previously
in charge of the soldiers’ and sailors’ families association and soldiers’
and sailors’ help society and royal patriotic fund.
ARMY AND NAVY SEPARATION ALLOWANCES.
Separation allowances are payable to persons dependent on the
man before mobilization or before his enlistment. Wives and chil
dren do not have to prove that they were dependent; other persons
must prove the extent of their dependence.
Wives and children are given precedence in the awarding of sep
aration allowances, and they do not have to prove financial need.
Wives may receive this allowance if the husband makes an allotment
from pay. In the army this allotment is obligatory, except for com
missioned officers, and a minimum is fixed. For privates and cor
porals this minimum is 3s. 6d. (85 cents) a week, and for other ranks
5s. lOd. ($1.42) a week.1 If the man can prove that the income of
his wife, exclusive of allotment from pay and separation allowance,
is equal to the sum of separation allowance and allotment due to
wives of men of his rank, he is not required to make any allotment.
In the navy, an allotment of 5s. ($1.22) a week is fixed. This is not
obligatory, but no separation allowance is paid unless the allotment
is made. In either the army or navy if the man chooses he may make
a larger allotment; the separation allowance remains the same, and
the total amount is thus increased.
A wife living apart from her husband, and not supported by him
is not eligible for separation allowance. On the other hand, if he had
1 The pay of a private soldier (lowest rank) is 7s. ($1.70) a week.
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M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
117
contributed to her support, under court order or otherwise, before
mobilization or enlistment, she may under some circumstances receive
the allowance. In the army she may be treated as a “ dependent
other than wives and children,” up to the amount previously con
tributed by her husband, but not exceeding the amount payable for
a wife under ordinary circumstances. In this case he must make the
necessary allotment from pay. Wives of men of the navy, other than
reservists or men enlisted “ for hostilities/? if before the war living
apart from their husbands are not entitled to separation allowance,
even though contribution toward their support had been made by
the husband. The wives of naval reservists and men enlisted “ for
hostilities” who were, before their enlistment, contributing more than
their naval pay now permits them to allot, may be granted some
separation allowance if the man allots as much as his pay allows.
Unmarried wives of men both of the army and navy may receive
separation allowance as wives, providing the man voluntarily makes
the necessary allotment from pay. The woman must prove that she
was dependent on the man for support before enlistment or mobiliza
tion. The fact of dependence, but not the extent of dependence, has
to be proved. In the navy the local old-age pension authorities are
made judges of the facts of the case.
For legitimate children a separation allowance is payable, but no
allotment from pay in their favor is required. The amount of sepa
ration allowance varies with the number of children, and no maxi
mum is set. In both army and navy an additional sum is given
for children under the age of 14. The amount of allowance for
motherless children is larger than that for children with their mothers.
Children of wives living apart from their husbands receive a some
what different treatment in the army and in the navy. In the army
the children of such wives are eligible for separation allowance. If
the mother was previously supported by the man, this allowance is
the same as for children of wives who were living with their husbands
previous to mobilization or enlistment. If the man did not con
tribute to her support, and she is in consequence not eligible for
separation allowance, the children receive separation allowance
at the motherless rate, whether they are living with their mother
or elsewhere. In the case of the navy, if the separated wife was
not previously supported by the man, and is in consequence not
eligible for separation allowance, her children get nothing.
Illegitimate children by an unmarried wife have the separation
allowance payable to legitimate children. Children of a soldier who
are not in the care of the unmarried wife, are eligible for separation
allowance. If the father was married, and the illegitimate child
was a member of his household, he is treated like the other children;
if the illegitimate child was not a member of his household he re
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GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
ceives nothing. If the illegitimate child of an unmarried soldier was
living in his household and no separation allowance is being paid for
any dependent, the child may receive the motherless rate of 5 shillings
($1.22) with no obligation for allotment. If the child of an unmar
ried soldier, although not living with him, was being supported by him
separation allowance is payable up to the amount of such prior main
tenance or 5 shillings ($1.22) a week, whichever is the less provided
(1) that separation allowance is being paid for no other dependent;
(2) that the soldier makes the allotment from pay required for “ de
pendents other than wives and children.”
Separation allowances in respect of children are payable until the
child reaches the age of 16. They may be continued up to 211 if
the child is incapable of earning a living because of bodily or mental
infirmity, or if he is an apprentice earning only nominal wages, or
is attending technical school, secondary school, or university.
Separation allowance is issuable for dependents other than wives
and children if the beneficiary can prove prewar dependence and if
neither wife nor child is in receipt of separation allowance. The
possession of income from other sources does not debar an applicant
otherwise eligible. The maximum is either (1) a sum which, taken
with the allotment, will equal the amount of prewar dependence,
or (2) the wife’s allowance, whichever is the less. The usage as to
allotment from pay necessary to secure this separation allowance
differs in the army and navy. In the army, the amount is depend
ent on the allotment. If there is more than one dependent, and
the man makes the allotment as for a wife, the first dependent
receives allowance as for a wife, and the others as children over 14.
In the navy, the reservists and men enlisted “ for hostilities” must
allot an amount equal to one-half of prewar dependence. The
other one-half is then granted as separation allowance. If more
than one person has been dependent on one man, the first receives
the amount as for a wife, and the others as children over 14. Men
of the navy other than reservists or those enlisted for hostilities
must allot a sum equal to the allowance they made before the war
to the dependent; to this the separation allowance of one-half the
amount of the prewar dependence is added. Inmates of asylums,
workhouses, reformatories, or any other institution supported from
public funds are not eligible for separation allowance.
Separation allowances for the army or navy are not stopped under
any circumstances except two: (1) If a man is a deserter (in which
case they are renewed if he returns) and (2) if he is wounded or
killed. If a soldier is wounded, separation allowances are continued
i The rules for the issue of separation allowance for the N a v y do not specify to what age allowances m ay
he continued for children under instruction.
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M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
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-for two weeks; if he is killed they are continued for 26 weeks. Allot
ments from pay stop whenever a man forfeits pay—during absence,
detention, imprisonment, or sickness in hospital caused by an
offense under the army act. In the case of a penal sentence, they
continue until a man is discharged from the army. Both allotments
and separation allowances continue if a man is a prisoner of war,
and he may begin or increase allotments, after his capture, up to
three-fourths of his total pay. Separation allowances and allotments
are paid together weekly at the post office indicated by the bene
ficiary in the application.
Since both soldiers and sailors must be insured under the national
insurance act, their wives are eligible to the usual 30s. ($7.30) mater
nity benefit for each confinement.
S chedule
25.—Great Britain, Army.
Classification of rank for separation allowances.
Class 15. Acting sergeant, major of a unit formed on mobilization.
Chief warder in charge of a detention branch (for traveling abroad and pas
sage only).
Warrant officer.
Class 16. Chief warder or principal warder of military prison or detention barrack (for
traveling abroad and passage).
Master gunner, third class.
Quartermaster corporal major (Household Cavalry).
Quartermaster sergeant.
Schoolmaster (when not a warrant officer or probationer).
Class 17. Color sergeant. Squadron corporal major (Household Cavalry).
Squadron, battery, troop, or company sergeant major.
Squadron quartermaster corporal (Household Cavalry).
Squadron, battery, troop, or company quartermaster sergeant.
Staff corporal (Household Cavalry).
Staff sergeant.
Warder and servant, military prison or detention barrack, for traveling
abroad and passage.
Class 18. Quartermaster sergeant of pensioners.
Soldier below class 17 employed as clerk in war office (for money allowance
only).
Class 19. Corporal of horse (Household Cavalry).
Sergeant.
Class 20. Bombardier.
Corporal.
Trooper.
Private.
Gunner.
Driver.
Sapper.
Second corporal.
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S c h ed u l e 26.—Great Britain, Army.
Weekly separation allowance1 to wives and children.
[Source: Regulations for the Issue of Army Separation Allowance, Allotments of Pay, and Fam ily Allowance during the Present War, p. 5.]
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in pounds, shillings, and pence; amounts inside parentheses are in dollars.]
Class 15.
Class 20.
Class 19.
Class 18 and 17.
Class 16.
Total,
Separation including
allowance. allotment.
Total,
Separation including
allowance. allotment.
Total,
Separation including
allowance. allotment.
Total,
Separation including
allowance. allotment.
Beneficiaries.
£ s. d.
0 9 0
(2.19)
0 14 0
(3.41)
0 17 6
(4.26)
0 19 6
(4.74)
1 1 6
(5.23)
£ s'. d.
0 12 6
(3.04)
0 17 6
(4.26)
1 1 0
(5.11)
1 3
0
(5.59)
1 5 0
(6.08)
£ s. d.
0 9 2
(2.23)
0 14 2
(3.45)
0 17 8
(4.30)
0 19 8
(4.78)
1 1 8
(5.27)
£ s.
0 15
(3.65)
1 0
(4.86)
1 3
(5.72)
1 5
(6.20)
1 7
(6.69)
d.
0
0
6
6
6
£ s. d.
0 10 8
(2.59)
0 15 8
(3.81)
0 19 2
(4.66)
1 1 2
(5.15)
1 3
2
(5.64)
1 For families resident in London postal area, in addition, 3s. 6d. a week (0.85).
Each, additional child, irrespective of rank of father, 2s. (0.49) a week.
week.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
£ s. d.
0 16 6
(4.01)
1 1 6
(5.23)
1 5
0
(6.08)
1 7
0
(6.57)
1 9
0
(7.05)
£ s. d.
0 16 2
(3.93)
1 1 2
(5.15)
1 4
8
(6.00)
1 6
8
(6.49)
1 8
8
(6.97)
£ s.
1 2
(5.35)
1 7
(6.57)
1 10
(7.42)
1 12
(7.91)
1 14
(8.39)
d.
0
0
6
6
6
Total,
Separation including
allowance. allotment.
£ s. d.
0 17 2
(4.18)
1 2
2
(5.39)
1 5
8
(6.24)
1 7 8
(6.73)
1 9
8
(7.22)
£ s.
1 3
(5.59)
1 8
(6.81)
1 11
(7.66)
1 13
(8.15)
1 15
(8.64)
d.
0
0
6
6
6
See also Schedule 27, p. 121.
Each motherless child, irrespective of rank of father, 5s. (1.22) a
1
P*
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
Amount of allowance according to rank of soldier.
121
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
27.—Great Britain, Army. Special weekly allowance for children under 14
years of age (in addition to ordinary weekly amount of separation allowancefor children).1
„S c h e d u l e
[Source: Army Orders, Apr. 1,1917.]
R ank of soldier.
R ank of soldier.
Number of children
under 14 years of age.
1
2
3
4
...................
.....................
Classes 17
and 18.
Classes 19
and 20.
s.
2
3
5
d
0(80.49)
6(80.85)
0(81.22)
6 0(81.46)
s.
d.
6(80.12)
2 0(80.49)
3 6(80.85)
4 6(81.09)
0
N um ber of children
under 14 years of age.
Classes 17
and 18.
Classes 19
and 20.
s.
7
5 ......................................
8
6 .......................................
9
7......................................
8 ...................................... 10
s. d.
5 6(81.34)
6 6(81.58)
7 6(81.82)
8 6(82.07)
d.
0(81.70)
0(81.95)
0(82.19)
0(82.43)
1 This does not apply to classes above 17.
Each additional child, irrespective of rank of father, Is. (24 cents). Motherless
children under 14 years of age receive in addition to the 5s. ($1.22) payable for each
motherless child under 16, allowances as follows: First child, 2s. (49 cents); each
additional child, Is. (24 cents).
S c h e d u l e 28. —Great Britain, Navy.
Classification of naval and maryrie ratings for
separation allowances.
Marine on ship’s books.
Sailor.
Leading seaman, second-class petty officer,
and equivalent ratings.
Class II. P etty officer, p etty officer first class, and
equivalent ratings.
Class III. Chief p etty officer and equivalent ratings;
warrant officers, R oyal N avy.
Class IV .......................................................................................
S c h e d u l e 29. —Great Britain, Navy.
Private.
Corporal.
Sergeant and equivalent ranks.
Color sergeant and equivalent ranks.
Warrant officer, class II, quartermaster sergeant
and staff sergeant; R oyal Marine gunner.
Warrant officer, R oyal Marines (except R oyal
Marine gunners).
Weekly separation allowances 1 to wives and
children.
[Source: N a v y Separation Allowance, Extracts from Admiralty Orders, p. 1.]
A m ounts payable to families of sailors and marines of—
Class I.
Class n .
Class III.
Class IV .
Beneficiaries.
Total,
Total,
Total,
Total,
Separa includ
Separa includ.Separa
Separa includ
tion al
tion al
tion al includ
tion al
in
g al
ing
al
in
g
al
in
g
al
lowances. lotm ent. lowances. lotm ent. lowances. lotm ent. lowances. lotm ent.
W ife...............................
Wife and 1 child.........
Wife and 2 children. .
Wife and 3 children. .
Wife and 4 children. .
s. d.
6 0
(81.46)
10 0
(82.43)
13 0
(83.16)
15 0
(83.65)
16 0
(83.89)
s. d.
11 0
(82.68)
15 0
(83. 65)
18 0
(84.38)
20 0
(84. 87)
21 0
(85.11)
s. d.
7 0
(81.70)
11 0
(82.68)
14 0
(83. 41)
16 0
(83. 89)
17 0
(84.14)
s. d.
12 0
(82.92)
16 0
(83. 89)
19 0
(84.62)
21 0
(85.11)
22 0
(85.35)
s. d.
8 0
(81.95)
12 0
(82.92)
15 0
(83.65)
17 0
(84.14)
18 0
(84.38)
s d.
13 0
(83.16)
17 0
(84.14)
20 0
(84. 87)
22 0
(85.35)
23 0
(85.60)
s. d.
9 0
(82.19)
13 0
(83.16)
16 0
(83. 89)
18 0
(84.38)
19 0
(84. 62)
s. d.
14 0
(83.41)
18 0
(84.38)
21 0
(85.11)
23 0
(85.60)
24 0
(85.84)
1 These rates are increased b y 3s. 6d. (85 cents) a week for families resident in the London postal area.
(See also Schedule 30, p. 122.)
Each subsequent child, irrespective of rank or rating of father, Is. (24 cents) a week.
Each motherless child, irrespective of rank or rating of father, 5s. ($1.22) a week.
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122
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
S c h e d u l e SO.—Great Britain, Navy.
Special weekly allowance for children under_14
years of age {payable in addition to ordinary amounts of separation allowance for wives
and children).
[Source: N a v y Separation Allowance, Extracts from Admiralty Orders, p. 2.]
W eekly amounts payable.
Number of children under 14.
s.
2
3
5
6
7
8
9
10
d.
0 (10.49)
6($0.85)
0(351.22)
0 (SI. 46)
0 (11. 70)
0(81.95)
0 ($2.19)
0(82.43)
s.
1
2
4
5
6
7
8
9
d.
0(10.24)
6(80.61)
0 (80.97)
0 (81.22)
0 (81.46)
0 (81.70)
0 (81.95)
0 (82.19)
Class IV .
Class III.
Class II.
Class I.
M
\
s. d.
1
3
4
5
6
7
8
6 (80.36)
0 (80.73)
0(80.97)
0(81.22)
0 (81.46)
0 (81.70)
0 (81.95)
d.
0
2
3
4
5
6
7
6 (80.12)
0 (80.49)
0 (80.73)
0 (80.97)
0(81.22)
0 (81.46)
0 (81.70)
For eacli subsequent child, irrespective of rank or rating of father, Is. (24 cents).
Motherless children under 14 years of age, irrespective of rank or rating of father, re
ceive in addition to the 5s. ($1.22) payable for each motherless child allowances as
follows: First child, 2s. (49 cents); each additional child, Is. (24 cents).
S c h e d u l e 31. —Great Britain, Army.
Allotment from pay and separation allowance
for dependents other than wives and children.
[Source: Regulations for the Issue of A rm y Separation Allowance, A llotm ents from P ay, and Fam ily
Allowances during the Present War, p. 54.)
[The amount of separation allowance to dependents other than wife or child is determined for each
case. M aximum amounts, varying according to th e amount allotted by th e soldier, are fixed in th e regu
lations. The m inimum allotm ents required to secure th e various m axim um allowances are shown in the
following schedule.]
Related am ounts for classes 15 to 19.
R elated amounts for class 20.
Minimum
weekly al
lotm ent.
s.
0
1
1
2
2
3
Maximum
separation
allowance.
Total m ini
mum allot
m ent and
maximum
separation
allowance.
M inimum
w eekly al
lotm ent.
s.
s. d.
s. d.
d.
3 0 (80.73) 0
2 5(80.59)
7 (80.14)
1
2 (80.28) 3 10 (80.93) 5 0(81.21)
1
7 6(81.83)
5 9(81.40)
9 (80.43)
2
9
6(82.31)
7
2
(81.74)
4 (80.57)
2
11 6 (82.80)
8 7(82.09)
11 (80.71)
/ Exceeding 1 Exceeding i J-3
6(80.85) \ 8 7(82.09)
11 6 (82.80)
4
4
5
5
1
Maximum
separation
allowance.
s. d.
d.
1 11 (80.47)
7 (80.14)
2 10 (80.69)
2(80.28)
3 9(80.91)
9 (80.43)
4 8(81.14)
4 (80.57)
5 7 (81.36)
11 (80.71)
6 6(81.58)
6(80.85)
1 (80.99) 7 6(81.80)
8 4 (82.02)
8(81.14)
9 3 (82.25)
3(81.28)
( Exceeding1
10 (81.42) \ 9 3(82.25)
T otal mini
mum allot
m ent and
maxim um
separation
allowance.
s. d.
2 6 (80.61)
4 0(80.97)
5 6(81.34)
7 0(81.71)
8 6(82.07)
10 0(82.43)
11 6(82.79)
13 0 (353.17)
14 6 (83.53)
E xceeding1
14 6(83.53)
l i f the amount allotted to these dependents is equal to that allotted to a wife (3s. 6d. for class 2 0 ,5s. 10d.
for classes 15 to 19) the dependents receive allowances on the same basis as wife and children over 14 years of
age, w ith no fixed maxim um.
ARMY AND NAVY DISABILITY PENSIONS.
If a soldier, seaman, or marine is discharged as medically unfit for
further service, such unfitness being certified as either attributable
to or aggravated by military or naval service in consequence of the
present war, and not being due to the serious negligence or mis
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M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D E P E N D E N T S.
123
^conduct of the discharged man, he is eligible for a disability
pension. The maximum payment is for total disability, and grades
of disability are arranged on a percentage basis, with proportionate
amounts for the several degrees. The amounts vary according to
rank, but the pension for the lowest rank of Army and Navy is the
same.
If a man’s medical unfitness is neither attributable to nor aggra
vated by military or naval service, and has not been caused by his
negligence or misconduct, he may be granted a gratuity or temporary
allowance up to a maximum of £150 ($729.98).
In addition to his own pension, a man receives pensions for children
under the age of 16, or over that age if they are mentally or physically
infirm, are apprentices receiving a nominal wage, or are attending a
secondary or technical school or a university. The pensions for the
children also are in proportion to the father’s disability.
If a child is maintained in the army or navy or in any institution
wholly or mainly supported from public funds, the allowance granted
on his account may be reduced “ to the extent of the relief.”
Disabled Army men of the lowest rank receive no additional pen
sion for service. For men of the Army above the lowest rank, who
are eligible for service pensions, two arrangements are made, of
which the man can choose the plan more advantageous to him. By
the first, he is entitled to the disability pension of his rank, with no
addition for service. By the second, he receives the same rate as a
man of the lowest rank, and in addition all the pension to which his
service entitles him. In the Navy the same disability pension rate
is fixed for men of all ratings. In addition to this, and to the usual
service pensions to which the man is eligible, a special pension is
given in respect of service, which includes periods of service shorter
than those recognized by the ordinary regulations.
Instead of disability, prewar earnings may be made the basis of
the award of pension, if the man thinks this arrangement more to his
advantage. In this case he must prove that the sum of the pension
to which his disability entitles him, plus the children’s pensions
and the average earnings of which he is capable, is less than his
prewar earnings, up to a maximum of 75s. ($18.24) a week.
Various inducements are offered to make a man submit to treat
ment or to training which is considered valuable for him. 'One-half
of the pension due him and his children may be withheld if he re
fuses to undergo the treatment prescribed. If he must be away
from home during the treatment or training, he may be paid the
amount due for total incapacity, any fees, charges or expenses are
paid, and in addition the wife and children receive the pension they
would be entitled to if the man were dead, but the cost of his main
tenance while away from home may be deducted from his pension.
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124
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
At the termination of a period of training, the man may be paid
5s. ($1.22) for every week he was undergoing such training. If the
treatment does not necessitate his being away from home for more
than part of the time, he receives his disability pension, the chil
dren are given their pensions, and he receives 10s. ($2.44) for every
week the treatment required his absenting himself for part of the
time.
If a man’s physical disability has not reached its final condition
a pension may be granted suitable to the temporary disability.
This shall be reviewed from time to time until a permanent assess*ment is made.
Permanent pensions once granted are not to be decreased on
account of any change in the man’s earning capacity, whether re
sulting from training or other cause.
A temporary allowance of 14s. ($3.41) a week may be granted a
man on his discharge until he can be awarded a pension or gratuity.
Since all men of the Army and Navy must be insured under the
national insurance act, they are eligible not only for permanent dis
ability benefits due them under the royal warrant for the pensions
of soldiers and order in council for the pension of sailors and marines,
but also, if totally disabled, to the sum due under the national in
surance act. The latter is diminished by 5s. ($1.22) weekly if the
disabled man is in receipt of a pension. The national insurance act
expressly states that insured men of the Army and Navy are not
eligible for the medical benefit provided by the act.
S c h e d u l e 32.—Great Britain.
Comparative rating of specific injuries for enlisted men
in the Army and Navy.
Men with disabilities of 100 per cent or less receive such proportions of the sum
payable for total disability as correspond to the degree of their disability, in the
following category:
Degrees of disability.
100 per cent.—Loss of two or more limbs.
Loss of an arm and an eye.
Loss of a leg and an eye.
Loss of both hands or of all fingers and thumbs.
Loss of both feet.
Loss of a hand and a foot.
Total loss of sight.
Total paralysis.
Lunacy.
Wounds, injuries or disease resulting in disabled man being per
manently bedridden.
Wounds of or injuries to internal, thoracic or abdominal organs, involv
ing total permanent disabling effects.
Wounds of or injuries to head or brain involving total permanent dis
abling effects, or Jacksonian epilepsy.
Very severe facial disfigurement.
Advanced cases of incurable disease.
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M ILITARY FORCES AND T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
125
Degrees of disability.
To per cent.—Amputation of leg at hip or right arm at shoulder joint.
Se- ere facial disfigurement.
Total loss of speech.
70 per cent.—Short thigh amputation of leg with pelvic hand, or of left arm at shoulder
joint, or of right arm above or through elbow.
Total deafness.
60 per cent.—Amputation of leg above knee (other than that mentioned under 70 per
cent disablement) or through knee, or of left arm above or through
elbow, or of right arm below elbow.
50 per cent.—Amputation of leg below knee (including Symes’ and Chopart’s ampu
tation), or of left arm below elbow.
Loss of vision of one eye.
40 per cent.—Loss of thumb or of four fingers of right, hand.
30 per cent.—Loss of thumb or of four fingers of left hand, or of three fingers of right
hand.
20 per cent.-—Loss of two fingers of either hand.
In the case of left-handed men, certified to be such, the compensation in respect of
the left arm, hand, etc., will be as for a right arm, hand, etc., and vice versa.
In case of injuries not shown in this schedule, and in the case of disease, the pension
may be assessed at the degree in the schedule which is held most closely to represent
the disablement corresponding to the injury or disease.
S c h ed o x e 33. —Great Britain, Army.
Classification of ranks of enlisted men for pur
poses of pensions.
Class I.—Master gunner, third class; schoolmaster (when not a warrant officer);
quartermaster corporal major (Household Cavalry); quartermaster sergeant.
Class II.—Squadron corporal major or squadron quartermaster corporal (Household
Cavalry); squadron, battery, troop, or company sergeant major; squadron, battery,
troop, or company quartermaster sergeant; staff corporal (Household Cavalry) or staff
sergeant; color sergeant.
Class III.—Corporal of horse (Household Cavalry); sergeant.
Class IV.—Corporal; bombardier; second corporal.
Class V.—Trooper; private; gunner; driver; sapper; pioneer (Royal Engineers).
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126
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
S c h e d u l e 34.— Great Britain.
Pensions to enlisted men for total disability.
In addition to the amounts given in A, B , and C, if the constant attendance of second person is
necessary, 20s. ($4.87) a w eek ($253.24 a year) may be paid.
A .—ARM Y A N D N A V Y .
M EN NO T E N T IT L E D TO SERVICE P E N SIO N S.
[Data from Royal Warrant for Pensions of Soldiers Disabled and of Fam ilies and Dependents of Soldiers
Deceased in Consequence of the Present War. together w ith Order in Council and Regulations for Pen
sions of British Seamen, their W idows, R elatives, and Dependents, and R oyal Warrant for th e Pay,
A ppointm ent, Promotion, and Noneffective P ay of th e A rm y, 1914, pp. 9, 20.]
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in shillings and pence; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
Amount of pension
payable.
R ank of men.
N avy.
Army.
W eekly.
Seamen and marines, all
ratings and ranks.1
Noncommissioned officer, Class I, warrant offi
cer, Class II.
s.
27
(6.69)
30
(7.30)
32
(7.91)
35
(8.51)
37
(9.12)
42
(10.34)
Annually.
d.
6
(347.88)
0
(379.60)
6
(411.32)
0
(442.52)
6
(474.24)
6
(537.68)
1 A ny seaman or marine, including chief p etty officer or p etty officer and warrant officer and noncom
missioned officer of the Royal Marines except a R oyal Marine gunner who has served or been in receipt of
naval or marine pay as such during some period of the present war, and including men belonging to the
naval and marine reserves, as w ell as the seaman or marine specially enlisted or deemed to be specially
enlisted for the purpose of th e present war and transferred to th e reserve, if he has served and been in receipt
of naval or marine pay.
For disability of less than 100 per cent, amounts are paid proportionate to the
degree of disability.
S c h e d u l e 34. —Great Britain.
B .—ARM Y.
Pensions to enlisted men for total disability—Continued.
M EN E N T IT L E D TO SE R V IC E PE N SIO N S.
[Data from Royal Warrant for the Pensions of Soldiers Disabled and of the Families and Dependents
of Soldiers Deceased in Consequence of the Present W ar, together w ith Order in Council in Regulations
for Pensions of British Seamen and Marines, their W idows, R elatives, and Dependents, p. 9; Royal
Warrant for the P ay, A ppointm ent, Promotion, and N onenective P ay of the Army, 1914, p. 274.]
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in shillings and pence; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
Service pension payable at the end of not less
than 14 years’ service.
Rank.
Minimum.
W eekly.
Annually.
Maximum.
W eekly.
Annually.
s. d.
s. d.
8 9
11 8
(147.68)
(110.76)
(2.13)
(2.84)
Noncommissioned officer, Class I II ......................................
(132.60)
10 6
15 9
(199.16)
(2.55)
(3.83)
Noncommissioned officer, Class I I ........................................
12 3
17 6
(154.96)
(221.52)
(2.98)
(4.26)
Noncommissioned officer, Class I ..........................................
(177.32)
14 0
(243.36)
19 3
(3.41)
(4.68)
Warrant officer, Class I ............................................................. After servi]ug 5 years as warrant off cer, after 20
years’ qu alifymg serv ice, 24s. 6d. ( 5.96) a week
(309.92 a year).
Noncommissioned officer, Class I V .......................................
N o t e .—Men entitled to service pensions receive in addition to service pension
(shown above) a flat rate for total disability which is the same for all ranks and amounts
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127
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
to 27s. 6d. ($6.69) a week ($347.88 a year). For lesser disabilities the flat rate varies
in proportion to the degree of disability. For disability of less than 20 per cent, a
gratuity or temporary allowance may be granted, the maximum to be £200 ($973.30),
Schedule
34.—Great Britain.
C.—N A V Y .
Pensions to enlisted men for total disability—Continued.
M EN E N T IT L E D TO SE R V IC E P E N SIO N S.
[Data from R oyal Warrant for the Pensions of Soldiers Disabled and of the Families and D ependents of
Soldiers Deceased in Consequence of the Present War, together w ith Order in Council and Regulations
for Pensions of British Seamen and Marines, their Widows, Relatives, and Dependents, pp. 12, 20.
Admiralty N avy List, April, 1916, p. 912.]
For men of all ranks totally disabled, 27s. 6d. ($6.69) a week; different degrees of
disability, from 80 per cent downward, proceeding by grades of 10 per cent, in
proportion to this amount.
The following amounts are added in respect to service to the amount due in each
case for disability:
Length of service.
W eekly
amount of
pension.
s.
1
2
3
4
5
d.
0(80.24)
0(80.49)
0(80.73)
0($0.97)
0(81.22)
Further pensions in respect of long-time service are payable in addition to both the
amounts above.
Twenty-two years continuous service after age of 18, or 22 years of noncontinuous
service after age of 20, weekly, 5s. lOd. ($1.42).
Each good conduct badge, weekly, 3|d . (7 cents).
Good conduct medal, weekly, 7d. (14 cents).
Maximum pension for service, badges, character and medal, weekly, 8s. 2d. ($1.99).
Petty officers are entitled to all the rates of pension due them for their service as
seamen, and in addition, to pensions as officers as follows:
Petty officer, for each year’s service as superior petty officer, weekly, 15s. 2d. ($3.69).
Second class petty officers or rates ranking as leading seamen with over 3 years
service as such, each year, weekly, 7s. 7d. ($1.84).
Chief petty officers, for each year served in that capacity subsequent to the comple
tion of the first period of continuous engagement, weekly, 15s. 2d. ($3.69).
Sch edule
35.—Great Britain, Army and Navy. Weekly 'pensions for children of
disabled enlisted men.
[Data from R oyal Warrant for th e Pensions of Soldiers Disabled and of the Fam ilies and D ependents of
Soldiers Deceased in Consequence of the Present W ar, together w ith Order in Council and Regulations
for Pensions of B ritish Seamen, and Mariners, their W idows, R elatives, and D ependents, pp. 2,15.]
For first child, 5s. ($1.22).
For second child, 4s. 2d. ($1.01). .
For third child, 3s. 4d. (81 cents).
For each subsequent child, 2s. 6d. (61 cents).
Children of fathers assessed for other degrees of disability will receive the corre
sponding proportions of these amounts.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
128
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OP
PENSIO N S FOR O FFICERS.1
A commissioned officer holding a permanent or temporary or local
commission in the regular or reserve forces or in the territorial force
may be pensioned if he retires, relinquishes his commission, or is
placed in the territorial force reserves on account of medical unfitness
certified as either attributable to or aggravated by military or naval
service in consequence of the present war and not due to his serious
negligence or misconduct. If the officer holds a permanent commis
sion in the regular forces he may be granted a pension under which
ever of the following plans is more advantageous for him: He may
receive the retired pay to which he would ordinarily be eligible accord
ing to his rank and length of service and in addition a pension which
is the same for all ranks but varies with the degree of disability; or
he may be paid the same amount to which an officer holding a tem
porary commission is eligible. Officers not holding permanent com
missions receive pensions varying with rank and degree of disability.
An officer in receipt of service pension as a soldier, but not holding a
permanent commission may be granted either this service pension
plus the special disability pension, which is the same for all ranks, or
he may be granted a pension to which an officer holding a temporary
commission is eligible. A man totally disabled and needing the
constant attendance of a second person may receive an additional
pension of £78 ($379.59) a year. An officer who has lost the sight of
both eyes as the result of wounds received in action is to be granted
not less than £300 ($1,459.95) a year.
An educational allowance of not more than £50 ($243.33) a year
may be granted in cases of pecuniary need for each child over the
age of 9. This allowance ceases if the disability pension ceases, but
ordinarily continues as long as the education which the child is
receiving meets the approval of the minister of pensions.
Officers, like enlisted men and noncommissioned officers, may
receive a pension based on prewar income. An officer who can prove
that the sum of retired pay, together with any wound gratuity or
pension to which he is entitled, added to average earnings of which
he is capable, does not equal his prewar earnings, may receive an
amount equal to prewar earnings up to £300 ($1,459.95) a year, and
half of all prewar earnings between £300 ($1,459.95) and £600
($2,919.90). The maximum pension under this scheme would be
£450 ($2,189.93). In case he chooses this plan of pension he forfeits
all claim to ordinary service and wounds pension and all educational
allowances for children.
1 These regulations are from the draft of a royal warrant of May 31,1917, for the pensions of Army officers,
and th is draft of a royal warrant contains the statem ent that similar provisions have been made for naval
officers.
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M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
Special inducements are offered to officers to submit to treatment
training. An officer’s pension once permanently fixed may not
be reduced because of increased earning capacity resulting from
training or other cause. One-half of his pension may be withheld if
he declines to submit to treatment prescribed. Regardless of the
extent of his disability he may be granted the highest rate of pension
while he is receiving training or undergoing treatment in a hospital
or sanatorium or other institution. Deductions from the pension
may be made, however, to cover the cost of his maintenance at the
medical institution. Additional sums may be given to defray
expenses incidental to treatment or training.
Disabilities not permanent are pensioned, but only temporarily,
until the degree of the permanent disability is established. For
disability of not less than 20 per cent a gratuity or temporary allow
ance up to a maximum of £500 ($2,433.25) may be given in lieu of
pension.
If the officer’s medical unfitness is not attributable to or aggravated
by military or naval service, and is not the result of his own negligence,
he may be granted a gratuity or temporary allowance up to a maxi
mum of £300 ($1,459.95).
S c h e d u l e 36. —Great Britain, Army.
J
Retired pay to which officers not holding perma
nent commissions in regular forces are eligible on account of disability.
[Data from Draft of a Royal Warrant for the Retired P ay of Officers Disabled and for the Pensions of the
Families and R elatives of Officers Deceased, and for the Pensions of Nurses Disabled in Consequence of
the Present War, p. 10.]
[Amounts outside parentheses are in pounds; amounts w ithin parentheses are hi dollars.]
Amount payable for total
disability.
Rank.
Weekly.
Major general......................................................................................................................
Brigadier general............................................................................ ...............................
Captain, lieutenant, second lieutenant..........................................................
(32.76)
(30.42)
(25.74)
(23.40)
(21.06)
(16.38)
Annually.
350(1,703.28)
325 (1,581.61)
275 (1,338.29)
250(1,216.63)
225(1,094.96)
175 (851.64)
To officers totally disabled and needing the constant attendance of a second person*
£78 ($379.59) a year is payable in addition to these amounts.
Other degrees of disability, from 80 per cent, graded by tens, to 20 per cent, are
pensioned at rates proportionate to those above.
10735°—17----- 9
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130
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISION'S FOR M EM BERS OP
S chedule
37.— Great Britain, Army. Retired pay to which officers holding permanent
commissions in regular forces are eligible on account of disability.
■- 1
[Data from R oyal Warrant for th e P ay, A ppointm ent, Promotion, and Noneffective Pay of th e Army,
1914, p. 146; Draft of a Royal Warrant for th e Retired P ay of Officers Disabled and for the Pensions of
the Fam ilies and R elatives of Officers Deceased and for the Pensions of Nurses Disabled in Consequence
of the Present War, p. 10.]
[Amounts outside parentheses are in pounds; amounts w ithin parentheses are in dollars.]
Pensions payable for—
Rank.
W ounds received in action.
W eekly.
Major general........................................................
Brigadier general.................................................
Lieutenant colonel...............................................
Lieutenant and second lieutenant..................
(32.76)
(32.76)
(28.08)
(28.08)
(18. 72)
(9.36)
(6.55)
Annually.
350 (1,703. 28)
350 (1,703. 28)
300(1,459.95)
300 (1,459.95)
200 (973.30)
100 (486.65)
70 (340.66)
Wounds received otherwise than
in action.
Weekly.
Special.
Special.
(23.40)
(23.40)
(14.04)
(7.02)
(4.68)
•Annually.
Special.
Special.
250 (1,216. 63)
250 (1,216.63)
150 (729.98)
75 (364.99)
50 (243.33)
N o t e .— Officers entitled to disability pension at the rates above receive in addi
tion to this pension a flat rate for total disability which is the same for all ranks and
amounts to £100 ($486.65) a year, £1 18 s. 5 7/13d. ($9.36) a week. For lesser dis
abilities the flat rate varies in proportion to the disability.
To officers totally disabled and requiring the constant attendance of a second person
an additional annual pension of £78 ($379.59) is payable.
An officer in receipt of a service pension as a soldier, but holding no
permanent commission in the regular forces, may be paid the flat
rate of £100 ($486.65), which is the same for all ranks, but varies with
the degree of disability, and in addition the service pension to which
he is entitled. For men of class 5, privates, gunners, etc., this
service pension varies from 4 s. 8d. ($1.14) a week for 14 years ot
service, to 7s. 7d. ($1.84) a week for 21 years of service (from $59.28
to $95.68 a year). The rates of service pension for noncommissioned
officers are given on page 126.
PENSIONS TO DEPENDENTS OF MEN DECEASED IN CONSEQUENCE
OF THE WAR.
The most striking feature of the new system for pensions in Great
.Britain in operation since April 1, 1917, is its provision for all classes
of dependents and the alternative offered to widows of pension on a
basis of prewar earnings of the husband instead of pension on the
ordinary scale.
If a soldier, sailor, or marine is killed while in the performance of
military or naval duty, dies as a result of wounds or injuries received
in the performance of such duty within seven years of receiving such
wounds or injuries, or dies of disease certified as contracted or com
mencing while on active service within seven yearn of his removal
from duty on account of such disease, providing his death was not
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MILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
131
caused by his serious negligence or misconduct, his widow, children,
and other dependents may receive a pension.
If the soldier, sailor, or marine died of wounds, injuries, or disease
not attributable to or aggravated by military or naval service, and
not due to his serious negligence or misconduct, his widow only may
receive a pension. This is temporary, payable during the period of
the war and for 12 months afterwards, and amounts to 15s. ($3.65)
a week.
The permanent pension payable to a widow equals one-half the
sum her husband would have received had he been disabled in the
highest degree. Although an unmarried wife of a soldier, sailor, or
marine is eligible to the same separation allowance as a wife during
the man’s service, her pension in case of his death is smaller than
a wife’s. If she has before the war been wholly or substantially
dependent on the man and has been drawing separation allowance as
for a wife, a pension of 10s. ($2.43) a week can be given her under
certain circumstances. I t is payable while she has children of the
man in her care. After they cease to be in her care she may draw the
pension for the period of the war and for 12 months afterwards, or for
12 months after the children leave her charge, whichever is the later
date. If subsequently, because of infirmity or age, she becomes
incapable of supporting herself, the pension may be renewed for the
period of incapacity. A separated wife may be paid the same amount
the husband had given her, under court order or otherwise, up to a
maximum of 10s. ($2.43) a week.
Some additional provisions are made for widows. Three pounds
($14.60) are allowed for funeral expenses for her husband. When a
widow reaches the age of 45 her pension is increased Is. 3d. (30 cents)
a week. She is encouraged to submit to training advantageous to her
and may receive an allowance of 12s. 6d. ($3.04) a week for not more
than 13 weeks while she is undergoing such training. If she remarries,
the pension ceases; but a year’s pension may be paid as gratuity.
A widow whose husband was receiving a disability pension of not
less than 10s. ($2.43) a week, but whose death does not entitle her to
a pension, may nevertheless be granted a pension of not more than
one-half the sum her husband had been receiving. The maximum in
any case is the amount she could receive under ordinary rules as the
widow of a man of her husband’s rank. She must have been living
with the man at the time of his death; her pension ceases on remar
riage.
If a widow can prove that the pension granted under ordinary
circumstances, together with children’s pensions, equals less than
one-half of the pre-war earnings of her husband, up to a maximum of
75s. ($18,24) a week, she may be granted, in lieu of ordinary pensions
for herself and children, a sum equal to one-half of these pre-war
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
132
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
earnings. Under this arrangement her maximum pension would be
37s. 6d. ($9.12) a week.
Children of widows, or of unmarried widows, and of separated wives
receive a pension equal to the sum they would have received had their
fathers been totally incapacitated. Children of separated wives are
eligible for the pension even if the father had not contributed to their
mother’s support. Motherless children receive pensions at some
what higher rates. If no two of the children are under the care of the
same person, this rate is 7s. ($1.70) each; if two or more are under
the care of one person, the rate for the first is 7s. ($1.70) and for each
of the others 6s. ($1.46). Illegitimate children, maintained under
court order, including children whose mothers were not supported
by the father, may be paid 5s. ($1.22) a week each. Children are
eligible for pensions up to the age of 16, and beyond that age if they
are being educated at a secondary or technical school or a univer
sity; or if he is incapable through mental or physical infirmity of
earning a living. Children’s pensions are continued even if the mother
remarries and thus loses her own pension.
In addition to widows and children, parents of the deceased may
also receive a pension if they were wholly or partly dependent on him
for support. Moreover, if the man was at the commencement of the
war an apprentice, who had spent one year at his trade, or had been
articled to a profession, or was qualifying for a profession at a school,
college, university, or hospital, his parents may receive the pension if
they become at any time incapable of self-support by reason of in
firmity or age. If the mother of the deceased is widowed during the
war and becomes incapable of self-support through infirmity or age,
the pension may be granted her without regard to pre-war depend
ence. The sum payable to one or both parents is the same, and the
maximum is 15s. ($3.65) a week, or, if they were dependent on the
deceased for support, the amount of such dependence, whichever
amount is less.
Other dependents, eligible for separation allowance, may be granted
a temporary gratuity of 5s. ($1.22) a week, if they are in pecuniary
need and incapable of self-support, for the period of incapacity and
for 26 weeks afterwards.
Any other dependents may be granted a gratuity equal to a year’s
pay of the deceased, or an amount equal to a year’s separation allow
ance and allotment, as such allowance and allotment were last paid
or payable.
A gratuity of 26 weeks’ pension may be granted, on the marriage or
remarriage of a female dependent, including a separated wife, but the
pension itself ceases.
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Amounts of pension payable on behalf of men in lower grades of the Army and N avy, and of Marines.
N oncommissioned
officers, Class IV.
N oncommissioned
officers, Class III.
N oncommissioned
officers, Class II.
A ll ratings below
second-class petty
officer.
Second-class petty
officer.
First-class petty
officer (O. S.)
petty
officer
(N . §.).
Chief p etty officer.
All
Leading rates and
corporals.
Sergeants.
Color and staff
sergeants.
Beneficiaries.
rates below
corporal.
N oncommissioned
officers Class I,
warrant officers,
Class II.
Warrant officers,
Class I.
Warrant officer.
Class II.
Warrant officer,
Class I.
W eekly. Annually. Weekly. Annually. W eèkly. Annually. W eekly. Annually. W eekly. Annually. Weekly. Annually.
•
s. d.
W idow alone.......................................................................... / 13 9 y(173.68)
\ (3.34)
/ 18 9
\ (4.56) |(237.12)
f 22 11
\ (5.57) |(2 8 9 .64)
/ 26 3 |(3 3 2 .28)
\ (6.39)
s. d.
/ 15 0
\ (3.65)
/ 20 0
\ (4.86)
/ 24 2
\ (5.88)
/ 27 6
\ (6.69)
[(189.80) f
\
[(252.72) \f
[(305.76) \f
[(347.88) \f
s. d.
16 3
(3.95)
21 3
(5.17)
25 5
(6.18)
28 9
(6.99)
}(205.40) /\
|(268.84) f
\
}(321.36) \f
j(363.48) \/
s. d.
17 6
(4.26)
22 6
(5.47)
26 8
(6.49)
?
(7.30)
[(221.52) tf
[(284.44) /
\
[(337.48) f
\
[(379.60) f
\
s. d.
18 9
(4.56)
23 9
(5.78)
27 11
(6.79)
31 3
(7.60)
|(2 3 7 .12) f
l
|(3 0 0 .56) f
\
|(353.08) /
\
1(395.20) f
\
s. d.
21 3
(5.17)
26 3
(6.39)
30 5
(7.49)
33 9
(8.21)
1 (268.84)
1 (332.28)
} (384.80)
1 (426.92)
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
133
Each subsequent child, irrespective of rank or rating of father, 2s. 6d. ($0.61) a week.
Motherless children irrespective of rank or rating of father: First child, 7s. ($1.70) a week; each subsequent child, 6s. ($1.46).
Parent or parents, previously dependent ona soldier, or mother subsequently incapable of earning a living because of infirmity or age, 15s. ($3.65) a week, or amount of prewar
dependence, whichever is less.
_
. Unmarried wives, w ith m an’s children in their care, 10s. ($2.43) a week, and allowances for children at following rates:. First child, 5s. ($1 .22); second child, 4s. 2d. ($ 1 .01); third
child, 3s. 4d. ($0.81); each subsequent child, 2s. 6d. ($0.61). If no children of the man are under her care, she receives her own allowance for the period of the war and 12 months
afterwards, or for 12 m onths after ceasing to have th e children under her care.
Divorced w ives previously supported b y the m an receive the same rates for themselves and their children as unmarried wives. Separated wives not previously supported by
the man get nothing, but th e children’s allowances m ay be paid.
Illegitim ate children, both those in whose favor an affiliation order was in force, and those belonging to a woman not married to or supported by the father, providing there is
satisfactory proof that th e man was their father, receive 5s. ($1.22) a week.
Any other dependent who received a separation allowance, or who was eligible for such an allowance, m ay, if wholly or partly incapable of self support and in pecuniary need,
be paid 5s. ($1.22) a week, or the amount of prewar dependence, whichever is less, for the duration of the incapacity.
Other dependents m ay be given a gratuity of an amount not larger than one year’s pay of the deceased.
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D E P E N D E N T S.
Privates, etc.,
Class V.
134
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
D EPEND ENTS OF OFFICERS.
%^
To be eligible for a pension a widow must have been married to
an officer before the receipt of the wound or injury which caused
his death or before his removal from duty on account of the contrac
tion or aggravation of the disease which caused his death. The widow
of a permanent regular officer married after the contraction of the
disease which caused the man’s death may be pensioned, however, if
the officer lived at least one year after his marriage or if it can be
shown that he was manifestly in good health a t the date of his
marriage.
The amount of pension is dependent not only upon the rank of the
officer, but also upon the cause of his death. A widow of a man killed
in action or suffering a violent death due directly to war service or
killed in flying service may be paid not only the largest pension,
but also a gratuity amounting to from one to four times the ordinary
widow’s pension for a year.
Legitimate children of officers are eligible for pensions at rates
varying with the rank and cause of death of the father. Such pen
sions are payable to a daughter until she is 21, or marries, and to a
son until he is 18, or until he is 21 if he is an apprentice at nominal
wages, or is attending a technical school, secondary school, or uni
versity. Children in distressed circumstances who are incapable
because of mental or physical infirmity of making adequate exertion
for their own support may receive pensions beyond the ordinary age
limit,. The infirmity must have begun in the officer’s lifetime and
before the child reached the age when pensions ordinarily cease.
Children whose fathers were killed in action, or in flying service,
or suffered violent death due wholly to war service may receive, in
addition to the pension, a gratuity in amount one-third of the similar
gratuity payable to the widow.
Each child over the age of 9 may receive, in addition to all pensions
and gratuities an annual education allowance of £35 ($170.33) as
long as the minister of pensions is satisfied with the character of
education he is receiving.
Motherless children receive pensions at a somewhat higher rate,
£40 ($194.66) for one child, and £35 ($170.33) for each subsequent
child, if two or more are living together. In addition, motherless
children are eligible for education allowance, and also for gratuity
if their fathers have been killed in action or in flying service. A
motherless child of a second lieutenant who had met his death under
these circumstances would thus be eligible for pension at £40 ($194.66)
a year, education allowance of £35 ($170.33), and gratuity of
£33 6s. 8d. ($162.22). The first year after the father’s death the
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MILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
135
income would be £108 6s. 8d. ($527.21), and in subsequent years
£75 ($364.99).
Instead of receiving a pension at the usual rates for herself and her
children, a widow may choose prewar income as a basis. If she can
prove that her pensions and her children’s are less than one-half of
her husband’s prewar earnings up to £300 ($1,459.95) plus onefourth of prewar earnings between £300 ($1,459.95) and £600
($2,919.90), she may be paid a sum equal to one-half of prewar
earnings up to a maximum of £450 ($2,189.95). Her pension under
this plan would thus be at the most £225 ($1,094.97).
An officer’s widow not eligible for pension under ordinary circum
stances may be granted an amount not less than one nor more than
three years’ pay of the deceased providing the officer died while in
full pay or during the war after removal from full pay because of the
injury or disease which caused his death. A widow of an officer oh
retired pay of not less than £70 ($340.66) at the time of his death,
if his death does not entitle her to pension, may, nevertheless, be
paid a pension in amount not more than one-half the deceased offi
cer’s retired pay, but in no case more than the sum payable to a widow
of a man whose death was caused by illness due to the war.
If a deceased officer has left daughters only and no widow, the
daughters may receive the pension payable to widows under the
warrant in force before the new regulations came into effect.1 This
pension may be paid in lieu of the ordinary children’s pensions, and
continues until the last surviving daughter is disqualified by marriage.
A parent or parents of an officer may receive pensions as the
minister of pensions may decide, taking into consideration prewar
dependence, age, infirmity, and pecuniary need. Sisters and broth
ers, wholly or partially dependent on an officer, may be pensioned
at the same rates and up to the same ages as children of the officer.
If sisters and brothers are not eligible for pension under ordinary
rules a gratuity of one-half the sum of the widow’s pension may
nevertheless be granted them. Although pensions to wives and
children are granted irrespective of need, pensions to all other de
pendents are contingent on need having been proved. Pensions to
all female dependents cease on marriage or remarriage. If the
widow of an officer remarries, and becomes again a widow, her pen
sion may be restored if her pecuniary circumstances justify the
restoration, and if she is otherwise eligible for the pension.
1 Pension payable annually to widow of officers: Field marshal or general officer (including brigadier
general, £120 ($583.98); colonel, £100 ($486.65); lieutenant colonel, £90 ($437.99); major, £70 ($340.66); major,
medical corps, £90 ($437.99); captain, lieutenant, second lieutenant, £50 ($243.33).
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Pensions for dependents of officers deceased in consequence of war.
Pension at ordinary rates.2
Pension and gratuity at highest rates.1
Rank.
Widow.
W eekly.
Widow.
Annually
W eekly.
(74.87)
General.......................
"(56."iBj "
Lieutenant general..
Major general............
Brigadier general—
Colonel5 .....................
'(46.'79)’
'(37.’43)'
‘ (28.07) ’
800
(3,893.20)
600
(2,919.90)
500
(2,433.25)
400
(1,946.60)
300
(1,459.95)
200
Captain.......................
"(9*36)'
Lieutenant.................
*(9.*36)'
(973.30)
180
(875.97)
140
(681.31)
100
(486.65)
100
(486.65)
"(9.'36)'
(486.65)
Lieutenant colonel6.
Major...........................
Second lieutenant. . .
(Í8.72)’
(Í6.84)"
'(Í3.ÍÓ5
100
(2.81)
'(¿ '¿ ij'
' (2."¿Í)'
'(2.'8lj'
'(¿.'¿ij'
'(¿.'¿Bj'
'(¿.'¿Bj
’ (¿.'¿Bj
'(¿.'¿Bj
'(¿.'¿Bj
'(¿.'¿Bj
Each child.
Annually
£
£
Field marshal............
Widow.
Each child.4
30
(146.00)
30
(146.00)
30
(146.00)
30
(146.00)
30
(146.00)
24
(116.80)
24
(116.80)
24
(116.80)
24
(116.80)
24
(116.80)
24
(116.80)
£ s. d.
3,500 1,166 13 4
(17,032.75) (5,677.58).
3.000 1,000 0 0
(14,599.50) (4,866.50)
2.000
666 13 4
(9,733.00) (3,244.33)
366 13 4
1,100
(5,353.15) (1,784.38)
300 0 0
900
(4,379.85) (1,459.95)
200 0 0
600
(973.30)
(2,919.90)
150 0 0
450
(729.98)
(2,189.93)
100 0 0
300
(486.65)
(1,459.95)
83 6 8
250
(405.54)
(1,216.63)
46 13 4
140
(227.10)
(681.31)
33 6 8
100
(162.23)
(486.65)
W eekly.
Each child.4
Annually.
W eekly.
£
£
(56.15)
(42.11)
(35.09)
(28.07)
(¿Í. 06j
(14.04)
(12.63)
(9.83)
(7.02)
(7.02)
(7.02)
600
(2,919.90)
450
(2,189.93)
375
(1,824.94)
300
(1,459.95)
225
(1,094.96)
150
(729.98)
135
(656.98)
105
(510.98)
75
(364.99)
75
(364.99)
75
(364.99)
(2.34)
(2.34)
(2.34)
(2.34)
(2.34)
(1.87)
(i.¿7j
(1.87)
(1.87)
(1.87)
(1.87)
Annually.
£
25
(121.66)
25
(121.66)
25
(121.66)
25
(121.66)
25
(121.66)
20
(97.33)
20
(97.33)
20
(97.33)
20
(97.33)
20
(97.33)
20
(97.33)
1 Payable if officer is (a) killed in action, or suffers violent death due directly and wholly to war service or is killed or dies of injuries under proper authority, or (6) ffies within
seven years from wounds or injuries so received or dies from illness which is certified as directly traceable to fatigue, privation, or exposure
field w i t h i n seven years after having been first removed from duty on account of such illness, or (c) dies m consequence of injuries received in the performance of military or naval
dut? p ^ a b le R th < ^ fl^ e r % ^
aggravated by military service other than under subsection (6) above within seven years after having
fii^brem o^d
from duty on account of such disease or (6) dies of injuries attributable to military service other than under subsections (a) or (c) mentioned m note 1 above, and not through his
own negligence or misconduct w ithin seven years after having been first removed from duty on account of such injuries.
,
,,
,
t
nT1
6 Payable in addition to pension if the officer is killed in action, or suffers violent death due directly and wholly to war service or is killed or dies of injuries sustained on
flying duty or while being carried on duty in aircraft under proper authority or dies w ithin seven years from wounds or injuries so received.
„
4 All children 9 years of age and over may receive an annual educational allowance also of £35 ($170.33).
,
, .
,
,___ , ,
6 Colonel: A colonel who has been employed as a substantive colonel if a combatant officer, or in the rank of colonel if a medical, veterinary, or departmental officer.
6 Including colonel not employed as above.
N ote.—Motherless children, irrespective of rank of father; First child £40 ($194.66); subsequent children (if two or more are under the care of one person) £35 ($170.33).
Such children also receive the gratuity according to rank of father if he has died under circumstances mentioned in note 3, above. (See also note 4, above.)
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\
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OE
Gratuity.®
Pension.
136
S c h e d u l e 39.— Great Britain.
fData from the Draft of a Royal Warrant for the Retired Pay of Officers Disabled, and for the Pensions of the Families and Relatives of Officers Deceased, and for the Pensions
1
of Nurses Disabled in Consequence of the Present War, p. 10.]
[Figures outside of parentheses in pounds, shillings, and pence; figures in parentheses in dollars.]_____________________________________
M ILITARY FORCES A N D TH E IR DEPEN D EN TS.
137
AUSTRALIA.
SEPARATION ALLOWANCES.
Separation allowances for wives and families of men from Australia
are on two bases, dependent on whether the man was a British Army
reservist or a member of the Australian imperial forces. The rates
for British Army reservists do not include allotments from pay
which must be made at the rate required of soldiers in Great Britain.1
No special arrangements are made for separation allowances to
dependents other than wives and children, but the rates fixed for
wives and children are the maxima for other dependents. A member
of the Australian imperial forces is compelled by an order of the
governor general in council to allot to his family a portion of his
pay.2 The minimum is two-fifths of daily rate of pay (exclusive of
deferred pay) for the wife, three-fifths of daily rate for a wife and
one or more children, and one-fifth for an illegitimate child. The
man may allot more if he chooses. If the man’s total pay is less
than 10s. ($2.43) a day, a separation allowance also is payable. For
a wife this is Is. 5d. ($0.34), and for each child 4^d. (9 cents) a day.
Separation allowance may be paid if the wife is maintained under
court order. If the man makes the required allotment from pay, an
unmarried wife also may receive the separation allowance.
Besides sons and daughters, adopted children, children of a widowed
sister totally dependent on the member, brothers and sisters under
16, or children of a separated wife, are eligible for separation allow
ance. Allotments of pay must be made for these children before
they are eligible for allowance.
Allowances are continued for all children until they reach the age
of 16 years.
A mother, widowed sister, and invalid father whose wife is dead,
provided they are not in receipt of invalid, old-age, or war pensions,
if they were previously dependent on the soldier may also be granted
separation allowances at the rate fixed for a wife.
No separation allowances are payable to wife, child, or other
dependent if the man’s pay is 10s. ($2.43) or over a day; and the maxi
mum of separation allowance and of member’s pay is fixed at 10s.
($2.43).
Separation allowances and allotments from pay are continued if
the man becomes a prisoner of war.
In case of the death of a member of the imperial forces, separation
allowances and allotments'of pay continue for two months from the
date of notification of death or until a war pension is payable, which
ever date is the earlier.
i See p. 116.
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2 Apparently this order includes also commissioned officers.
138
S chedule
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
40.—Australia. Australian imperial forces divided into classes on the basis of
daily pay subsequent to embarkation.
Class I . Pay, including deferred pay, 6s.
.46) a day.
Deferred pay, Is. (24 cents).
Bugler.
Acting bombardier.
Drummer.
Lance corporal.
Cook.
Gunner.
Batman.
Sapper.
Stretcher bearer.
Private.
Cleaner and wagonman, mechanical
Bandsman.
transport.
Collar maker.
Artificer.
Saddler.
Storeman of headquarters.
Wheeler.
Machine-gun company.
Trumpeter.
Class II. Pay, including deferred pay, 7s. ($1.70) a day. Deferred pay, Is. (24 cents).
Shoeing smith and driver (including drivers of motor vehicles other than motor
cycles and those specified in Class III).
Class III. Pay, including deferred pay, 8s. ($1.94) a day. Deferred pay, Is. (24
cents).
Mechanical transport:
Workshop fitter.
Turner.
Blacksmith.
Wheeler.
Electrician.
Driver in motor transport units and of all motor lorries.
Mechanic (flying unit and A. M. C. motor lorries).
Class IV. Pay, including deferred pay, 9s. ($2.19) a day. Deferred pay, Is. 6d.
(36 cents).
Second corporal bombardier.
Class V. Pay, including deferred pay, 10s. ($2.43) a day.
Corporal.
Armorer corporal.
Band corporal.
Shoeing smith corporal.
Signaling or pay and orderly room corporal.
Class VI. Pay, including deferred pay, 10s. 6d. ($2.55) a day. Deferred pay, 2s. ($0.49).
Transport and flying units.
Transport sergeant.
Sergeant.
Armorer sergeant.
Pioneer sergeant.
Band sergeant.
Signaling sergeant.
Sergeant trumpeter.
Class VII. Pay, lls . 6d. ($2.80) a day, including deferred pay. Deferred pay, 2s.
(49 cents).
Collar maker sergeant.
Squadron quartermaster sergeant.
Wheeler sergeant.
Battery quartermaster sergeant.
Saddler sergeant.
Troop quartermaster sergeant.
Sergeants of mechanical transport
Company quartermaster sergeant.
and flying units.
Orderly room sergeant.
Farrier sergeant.
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M ILITARY FORCES A N D T1ÏEI11 D EPEN D EN TS.
139
Class VIII. Pay, including deferred pay, 12s. ($2.92) a day. Deferred pay, 2s. (49
cents).
Staff sergeant major.
Color sergeant.
Squadron sergeant major.
Staff sergeant.
Battery sergeant major.
Armorer staff sergeant.
Troop sergeant major.
Sergeant cook.
Company sergeant major.
Wheeler staff sergeant.
Farrier quartermaster sergeant.
Farrier staff sergeant.
Quartermaster sergeant (flying unit).
Saddler staff sergeant.
Class IX. Pay, including deferred pay, 13s. ($3.16) a day. Deferred pay, 2s. 6d. (61
cents).
Brigade or regimental sergeant major.
Quartermaster sergeant.
Armament artificer.
Foreman artificer (mechanical transport).
Foreman mechanic (flying unit).
Warrant officer.
Staff quartermaster sergeant.
Class X. Pay, including deferred pay, 14s. ($3.41) a day. Deferred pay, 2s. 6d. (61
cents).
Staff sergeant (wireless).
Class X I. Adjutant and quartermaster, according to rank.
Class X II. Pay, including deferred pay, 17s. 6d. ($4.26) a day. Deferred pay, 3s.
(73 cents).
Lieutenant.
Second lieutenant.
Class X III. Pay, including deferred pay, £1 2s. 6d. ($5.47) a day. Deferred pay. 3s.
6d. (85 cents).
Captain.
Class XIV. Pay, including deferred pay, £1 10s. ($7.30) a day. Deferred pay, 5s.
($1.22).
Major.
Class XV. Pay, including deferred pay, £1 17s. 6. ($9.12) a day. Deferred pay, 7s.
6d. ($1.82).
Lieutenant colonel.
Class XVI. Pay, including deferred pay, £2 5s. ($11.07 )a day. Deferred pay, 8s.
($1.95).
Colonel.
Brigadier general.
Class XVII. Pay, £3 5s. 9.4d. ($16) a day.
Major general.
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140
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
S c h e d u l e 41 . —Australia.
Separation allowances for wives and children of members of
the Australian imperial forces. 1
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in pounds, shillings, and pence; amounts inside of parentheses are
in dollars.]
Class 2.
Beneficiaries.
Wife on ly ................
Wife and 1 c h ild ..
Wife and 2 ch ild ren ..
Wife and 3 children.
Wife and 4 children2
Each i l l e g i t i m a t e
child.........................
Class 4.
Class 3.
Beneficiaries.
W eekly
allotm ent
from
pay.
£ s. d.
0 19 7.2
(4.77)
1 9 4.8
Wife and 1 c h ild ..
(7.15)
Wife and 2 children. . 1 9 4.8
(7.15)
Wife and 3 child ren.. 1 0 4.8
(7.15)
Wife and 4 children2. 1 9 4.8
(7.15)
Each i l l e g i t i m a t e
9
9.6
child......................... .
(2.38)
Wife o n ly ................
W eekly
separation alIowan ce.
8. d.
0 9 11
(2.41)
0 12 6.5
(3.05)
0 14 0
(3.41)
0 14 0
(3.41)
0 14 0
(3.41)
Total.
W eekly W eekly
allotm ent separa
tion al
from
lowance. W eekly. Annually.
pay.
W eekly. Annually.
Total.
£ s . d.
1 1 0
£ s. d. \
1 9 6.2
(7.18)
2 1 11.3
( 10. 20)1
2 3 4.8
(10.56)
2 3 4.8
(10.56)
2 3 4. 8
(10.56)
0 2 7.5 0 12 5.1
(3.02)
(0.64)
(373.36)
(5.11)
1 11 6
(7.66)
1 11 6
(7.66)
(549.12)
1 11 6
(7.66)
(549.12)
1 11 6
(7.66)
(549.12)
(530. 40)
(157.04)
£ s. d.
0 7 0
(1.70)
0 7 0
(1.70)
0 7 0
(1.70)
0 7 0
(1.70)
0 7 0
(1.70)
£ s. d.
18 0
(6.81) (354.12)
1 18 6
(9.36) (487.24)
1 18 6
(9.36) ’ (487*24)
1 18 6
(9.36) (487.24)
1 18 6
(9.36) *(487.'24)
0 2 7[ 0 12 lè
0 10 6
(3.19)
(0.64)
(2.55)
(165.88)
1 Data from Statutory Rules and Orders, Commonwealth of Australia, 1917, N o. 49.
2 Subsequent children receive allowances as follows: Class 1. Fifth and sixth child, 2s. 7.5d ($0.64) each,
seventh and subsequent, no allowance. Class 2. Fifth child, 7d. ($0.14); subsequent children, no allowance.
Class 3. Subsequent children no allowance. Class 4. Subsequent children no allowance.
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141
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
S c h e d u l e 42. —Australia.
Separation allowances for wives and children of British Army
reservists.1
[Source: Regulations for the issue of army separation allowance, allotments of pay and family allowance
during the present war, p. 59.]
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in pounds, shillings, and pence. Amounts inside of parentheses are
in dollars.]
Allowances payable.1
Beneficiaries.
Classes 20 and 19.2
Class 17.2
Class 16.2
Class 15.2
W eekly. Annually. W eekly. Annually. W eekly. Annually. W eekly. Annually.
£ s. d.
0 9 11
(2.41)
0
14 11
W ife and 1 c h ild .___
(3.63)
0
18
5
Wife and 2 child ren..
(4.48)
o 5
W ife and 3 children. . i(4.97)
W ife and 4 child ren.. 1 2 5
(5.45)
I
\
/
\
/
l
;
\
/
\
(125.32)
(188.76)
(232.96)
(258.44)
(283.40)
£ s. d.
0 11 8
(2.84)
0 16 8
(4.05)
1 0 2
(4.91)
1 2 2
(5.39)
1 4 2
' (5.88)
1 For allotments from pay see p. 116.
(147.68)
(210.60)
(255.32)
(280.28)
(305.76)
£ s. d.
0 16 11
(4.11)
1 1 11
(5.33)
1 5 5
(6.18)
1 7 5
(6.67)
1 9 5
(7.16)
(213.72)
(277.16)
(321.36)
(346.84)
(372.32)
£ s. d.
0 18 1
(4- 40)
1 3 1
(5.61)
1 6 7
(6.47)
1 8 7
(6.95)
1 10 7
(7.44)
(228. GO)
(291.72)
(336.44)
(361.40)
(386.88)
2 For classification of rank see p. 119.
Each subsequent child, irrespective of rank of father, 2s. (49 cents) a week.
Each motherless child, 5s. (1.22) a week.
DISABILITY PENSIONS.
Payments to a disabled man in Australia vary with his rank and
with the extent of disability. Pensions are payable at the same rate
to reservists called for active service who were at the commencement
of the war bona fide residents of Australia as-to members of the impe
rial forces.
Wives, including unmarried wives, and children up to the age of
16 are pensioned. Illegitimate children and grandchildren are
included as children. If a child over 16 is incapable of earning a
living, the pension may be continued at a rate fixed by the commis
sioner, the maximum not to exceed the rate that would be payable to
the widow if the man had died. Other dependents also are eligible
for pension of such amounts as the commissioner of pensions or his
deputy may fix. The sum of pensions payable to all such dependents
must not exceed by more than £2 ($9.73) a fortnight the amount
that would be payable to the widow in case the man had died.
Pensions to wife, child, father, mother, grandfather, or grandmother
are issuable whether or not the beneficiary is capable of earning a
living. Pensions to other dependents cease after two years if the
beneficiary is capable of self-support.
Rates for partial incapacity are fixed by the commissioner of pen
sions or his deputy. A lump sum payment may, at the discretion of
the authorities, be substituted for a pension if the disability is assessed
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142
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
at 30 per cent or less. In assessing pensions, •any other pension A
(under imperial or under State act) to which a member of the forces
or his dependent is entitled by reason of his incapacity resulting from
the war shall be taken into account.
S c h e d u l e 43. —Australia.
Category o f disabilities.
Maximum rate:
Loss of both legs.
Loss of both feet.
Loss of both arms.
Loss of both hands.
Loss of arm and leg.
Loss of hand and foot.
Loss of both eyes.
Loss of one eye, together with loss of leg, foot, hand, or arm.
Maximum rate for six months, thereafter three-fourths of the maximum rate:
Loss of leg or foot.
Loss of hand or arm.
Half the maximum rate:
Loss of one eye.
A leg, foot, hand, arm, or eye shall be deemed to be lost if it is rendered permanently
and wholly useless.
S c h e d u l e 44. —Australia.
Pensions for disability.
[Source: A cts of the Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1916, p. 131 (War Pensions A ct, 19141916, first schedule).]
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in pounds, shillings and pence; amounts inside of parentheses are in
dollars.]
Rate of
pay of the
members of
the forces
per day.
£ s. d.
0 6 0
(1. 46)
0 7 0
(1. 70)
0 9 0
(2.19)
0 10 0
(2. 43)
0 10 6
(2. 55)
0 11 6
(2.80)
0 12 0
(2.92)
Am ounts of
pension payable upon
total incapacity.
Fort
nightly.
£ s. d.
3 0 0
(14.59)
3 2 0
(15.08)
3 6 0
(16.05)
3 8 0
(16. 54)
3 9 0
(16. 78)
3 11 0
(17. 27)
3 12 0
(17. 51)
R ate of
pay of the
members of
th e forces
per day.
Annually.
(379.34)
(392.08)
(417.30)
(430.04)
(436.28)
(449.02)
(455.26)
£ s. d.
0 13 0
(3.16)
0 17 6
(4.26)
1 2
6
(5.47)
1 10 0
(7.30)
1 17 6
(9.12)
2 5 0
(10.95)
2 10 0
(12.16)
and upward
A mounts of
pension payable upon
total incapacity.
Fort
nightly.
£ s. d.
3 14 0
(18.00)
4 0 0
(19.46)
4 5 0
(20.68)
4 15 0
(23.11)
5 5 0
(25.54)
5 15 0
(27.97)
6 0 0
(29.19)
A nnually.
(468.00)
(505.96)
(537.68)
(600.86)
(664.04)
(727. 22)
(758.94)
A man so disabled as to need the constant attendance of another person, may re-»
ceive in addition to his disability pension £1 ($4.87) per fortnight if he is unmarried
or if his wife is dead or a permanent invalid, in case he has not himself the means to
pay an attendant.
The wife of a disabled man receives in addition one-half of the amount payable to ^
the disabled man.
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>
M ILITARY FORCES AN D TH E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
143
Children of a totally incapacitated member of the forces receive fortnightly pensions
as follows: First child, 20s. ($4.87) per fortnight ($126.53 a year); second child. 15s.
($3.65) per fortnight ($94.90 a year); third and subsequent children, 10s. ($2.43)
fortnightly ($63.26 a year).
Other dependents may receive such sums as the commissioner of pensions or his
deputy may assess. In the aggregate, they may not exceed the amount of pension
payable to the widow on the death of a member, plus £2 ($9.73) per fortnight.
No one dependent of the member may receive more than an amount equal to the
widow’s pension.
For partial incapacity, the rates assessed are determined by the commissioner of
pensions or his deputy, who must take into consideration the nature and probable
duration of the incapacity. For incapacity of 30 per cent or less, a lump sum pay
ment may be made.
PENSIONS TO DEPENDENTS OF MEN DECEASED IN CONSEQUENCE
OF WAR.
Wives and unmarried wives who were wholly or partly supported
by the deceased are eligible for pensions upon the death of a member
of the forces. Pensions at the same rates are payable to dependents
of men of the imperial forces and to reservists resident in Australia
at the commencement of hostilities. The rates vary with the pay
of the deceased.
Children, legitimate and illegitimate (providing the illegitimate
child is bom before the occurrence of the event resulting in the
man’s death, or within nine months after th a t event) are eligible
for pension, as are also grandchildren and illegitimate grandchildren
if they were dependent upon the soldier within 12 months prior to
his enlistment. Orphan children are granted a larger pension than
those whose mothers are living. Payments to children ordinarily
cease when the child is 16 years of age, or two years after the date
of the commencement of pension, whichever is later. A child of
16 unable to earn a living may be granted a pension by the com
missioner, in amount not exceeding the widow’s rate of pension.
Other members of the deceased man’s family, dependent on his
earnings at any time within 12 months prior to his enlistment—
parents who, though not dependent on the man prior to his death,
become subsequently without adequate means of support, and ille
gitimate parents or grandparents—also may be awarded a pension.
In the aggregate such pensions to dependents must not exceed the
widow’s pension plus £2 ($9.73) a fortnight. In fixing pensions the
commissioner must take into account any other pensions (under
Imperial or under State act) to which the dependents of the de
ceased man are entitled by reason of his death in connection with the
war.
Pensions payable to widow, mother, and female dependents will
be continued for two years only beyond the date of their marriage
or remarriage.
All payments are made fortnightly.
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X44
S chedule
governm ental
p r o v is io n s
for
m em bers
of
45.—Australia. Pensions to dependents of men deceased in consequence of
war.
rSource: Acts of the Parliament of th e Commonwealth of Australia, 1916, p. 131. War Pensions A ct,
1914-1916, first schedule.]
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in pounds, shillings, and pence; amounts inside of parentheses are in
dollars.]
Pension payable to
widow on death of
member.
D aily rate
of pay of
her of the
forces.
£
0
s. d.
6 0
(1.46)
0 7 0
(1.70)
0 9 0
(2.19)
0 10 0
(2. 43)
0 10 6
(2. 55)
0 11 6
(2.80)
0 12 0
(2.92)
0 13 0
(3.16)
Fort
nightly.
£ s. d.
2 0 0
(9.73)
2 3 0
(10.46)
2 9 0
(11.92)
2 12 3
(12.71)
2 13 9
(13.07)
2 16 0
(13. 62)
2 17 3
(13.93)
2 19 6
(14.47)
Annually.
(252.98)
(271.96)
(309.92)
(330.46)
(339.82)
(354.12)
(362.18)
Pension payable to
widow on death of
member.
D aily rate
of pay of
th e member of the
forces.
£ s. d.
0 17 6
(4.26)
1 2
6
(5. 47)
1 10 0
(7.30)
1 17 6
(9.12)
2 5 0
(10.95)
2 10 0
(12.16)
and upward.
Fort
nightly.
£ s. d.
3 10 0
(17 03)
3 17 6
(18.85)
4 9 0
(21.65)
5 0 9
(24.51)
5 12 3
(27.30)
6 0 0
(29.19)
Annually.
(442.78)
(490.10)
(562.90)
(637.26)
(709.80)
(758.94)
(376.22)
The widowed mother of an unmarried son receives the same amount as the widow.
To each child pensions are payable at the following rate: First child, 20s. (4.87) a
fortnight (126.53 a year); second child, 15s. (3.65) a fortnight (94.90 a year); third and
each subsequent child, 10s. (2.43) a fortnight (63.26 a year.)
. . .
The maximum rate of payment for a child both of whose parents are dead is as
follows: Child up to 10 years of age, 20s. (4.87) per fortnight; child 10 to 14 years of
aire, 25s. (6.09) per fortnight; child 14 to 16 years of age, 30s. (7.31) per fortnight.
For other dependents of the deceased, pensions may be set by the commissioner
of pensions or his deputy; in the aggregate they must not exceed the amount of pen
sion payable to the widow, plus £2 (9.73) per fortnight. No one dependent may
receive a sum greater than the widow’s pension.
NEW ZEALAND.
SEPARATION ALLOWANCES.
For British Army reservists special rates of separation allowance
are fixed; these are exclusive of allotted pay,1 and are approximately
the rates fixed for reservists resident in other colonies.
For the New Zealand contingent a flat rate of required allotment for
families was fixed in November, 1914. This was 2s. (49 cents) a day.
In case of need the deferred pay of the man, Is. (24 cents) a day, could
be added to the allotment.2 The weekly income of the family would
thus be 21s. ($5.11) per week. No provision for separation allowance
was made at the time, and no later information on the point is
available.
-_______
1 Required allotm ents from pay are a t the same rate as those fixed for soldiers in Great Britain.
See p. 116.
2 The total pay of a private soldier (lowest rank) is 6s. ($1.22) a day.
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M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR DEPEN D EN TS.
S c h e d u l e 46. —New Zealand.
^
145
Separation allowances for wives and children of British
Army reservists.
[Data from Regulations for th e Issue of Army Separation Allowance, Allotm ents of P ay and Fam ily Allow
ance During the Present War. p . 61, and Papers relating to Scales of Pensions and Allowances of Officers
and Men of the Oversea Contingents and their Dependents, p. 7.3
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in shillings and pence. Amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
Classes 20 and 19.1
Allowance
payable—
Beneficiaries.
W eekly.
W ife.............................
Wife and 1 child........
Wife and 2 children..
Wife and 3 children...
Wife and 4 children. .
s.
An
nually,
d.
9 4
(2.27)
14 4
(3.49)
17 10
(4.34)
19 10
(4.82)
21 10
(6.31)
(118.04)
(181.48)
(225.68)
(250.64)
(276.12)
Class 17.i
Class 16.1
Class 15.i
Allowance
payable—
Allowance
payable—
payable—
W eekly.
s. d.
11 1
(2.70)
16 1
(3.91)
19 7
(4. 76)
21 7
(5.25)
23 7
(5. 74)
An
nually.
(140.40)
(203.32)
(247.52)
(273.00)
(298.48)
W eekly.
s. d.
16 4
(3.97)
21 4
(5.19)
24 10
(6.04)
26 10
(6.53)
28 10
(7.01)
A n
nually.
(206.44)
(269.88)
(314.08)
(339.56)
(364.52)
W eekly.
s. d.
17 6
(4.26)
22 6
(5.47)
26 0
(6.32)
28 0
(6.81)
30 0
(7.30)
An
nually.
(221.52)
(284.44)
(328.64)
(354.12)
(379.60)
1 For classification of rank see p. 119.
Each additional child irrespective of rank of father 2s. (49 cents).
Each motherless child, 6s. (1.22).'
PENSIONS FOR DISABLED MEN AND FOR THE DEPENDENTS OF MEN
DECEASED IN CONSEQUENCE OF WAR.
The same law fixes the amounts and defines the beneficiaries for
both disability pension and pensions to dependents of men deceased in
consequence of war.
Beneficiaries may be a wife married before the man’s death or
disablement, or a woman married within 12 months after the date of
the man’s discharge. In the latter case there must have existed a
binding contract to marry before the man left New Zealand, or the
woman must have borne a child to the member of the forces, not
only before the marriage but before the date of the departure of the
man from New Zealand or within 10 months after his departure.
The child must have been living at the date of marriage.
Children, including sons, daughters, stepsons, stepdaughters,
illegitimate children or children legally adopted before the member
joined the forces, are eligible for pension to the age of 16, and at the
discretion of the authorities may receive it up to the age of 17. For
infirm children the pension may be continued.
A dependent other than wife or child may be a father, mother,
stepfather, stepmother, grandfather, grandmother, grandchild,
brother, sister, half brother, half sister, or mother-in-law. Except
in the case of wife or child, a dependent must have been supported
10735—17----- 10
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GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF
wholly or partly by the man during the 12 months immediately^
preceding the member’s joining the forces. If wife or children are
entitled to pension, other dependents may not receive more than
three-fourths of the amount payable to a wife. If there is no wife or
child, any other dependent may receive the full amount due to a wife,
but not more than the amount of the prewar dependence.
Parents of a deceased member of the forces may be pensioned at
any time regardless of prewar dependence, if they are without
adequate means of support. The mother can not be less than 50
and the father not less than 55. A widowed mother, solely
dependent for support on the deceased member of the forces receives
a pension of not less than the pension payable to a wife. In this
case the rule setting the maximum for dependents is waived.
In determining pension payable to a member of the forces or to his
wife or widow, no account is taken of property or income from other
sources. But pensions to other dependents take into consideration
property and income from all sources. If any dependent is in receipt
of a war allowance from any other source, the pension is proportion
ately decreased.
Disability pensions date from the termination of appointment or
the date of discharge, pensions to dependents of deceased members
from the date of death or date reported missing..
Applications for disability pensions must be made within 6 months
of the date of the determination of appointment or the discharge; appli
cations by the dependents of a deceased member of the forces must
be made within 6 months after the notification of a death. The wife
and children may receive a pension payable on report of the death
of a member of the forces occurring at any time within 7 years of the
receipt of any wound or injury or the commencement of disease.
A widow on remarriage loses her pension, but she may be granted in
lump sum or allotments a gratuity equal to 2 years* pension.
Pensions are payable in monthly installments at the post office
nearest to the residence of the pensioner.
Schedule
47 .—New Zealand.
Classification of ranks for pension purposes.1
Class 1:
Private.
Bombardier.
Lance corporal.
Trooper.
Gunner.
Class 1—Continued.
Driver.
Sapper.
Trumpeter.
Bugler.
Able seaman, and equivalent ratings.
» For classification of ranks of British Army reser\
sification of rank for separation allowances,” p. 119.
a for separation allowance, see “ Great. Britain, Clas-
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MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
147
Class 2:
Corporal.
Farrier. Shoeing smith, saddler, or fitter (if bombardier, lance corporal, gunner,
or private).
Lance sergeant (not paid as such).
Leading seaman and equivalent ratings.
Class 3:
Class 3—Continued.
Sergeant.
Saddler sergeant.
Farrier corporal.
Armorer sergeant.
Shoeing smith corporal.
Sergeant fitter.
Saddler corporal.
Lance sergeant (paid as such).
Corporal fitter.
Petty officer and equivalent ratings.
Farrier sergeant.
Class 4:
Squadron, battery, or company sergeant major.
Quartermaster sergeant.
Color sergeant.
Staff sergeant.
Pay clerk.
Chief petty officer and equivalent ratings.
Class 5:
Regimental sergeant major.
Regimental quartermaster sergeant.
Warrant officer and equivalent ranks (Navy).
Class 6:
Second lieutenant (Army).
Commissioned warrant officer and equivalent ranks.
Sublieutenant and equivalent rank (Navy).
Class 7:
Captain (Army).
Lieutenant under eight years’ seniority, and equivalent ranks (Navy).
Class 8:
Major (Army).
Lieutenant of eight years’ seniority, and equivalent ranks (Navy).
Class 9:
Lieutenant colonel.
Captain under three years’ seniority, and equivalent ranks (Navy).
Class 10:
Colonel.
Captain of three years’ seniority and equivalent ranks (Navy).
Commander and equivalent ranks (Navy).
Class 11:
Brigadier general.
Major general.
Commodores, first and second class.
Rear admirals and other equivalent ranks.
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GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF
S c h e d u l e 4 S . —New
Zealand.
Pensions for disabled men and their dependents.1
[Data from Statutes of N ew Zealand, 1915, p. 35 (6 Geo. 5, No. 16), as amended Statutes of N ew Zealand,
1916, p. 5 (7 Geo. 5, No. 1, sec. 11) (1)].
[Amounts inside of parenthesis are in dollars; amounts outside of parenthesis are in pounds, shillings, and
pence.]
Pension payable to the Pension payable to his Pension payable for
each child.
wife.
man.
Rank of man.
Weekly.
Class 2 ......................................................
Class 4
Class 7
....................................... .......
.................................................
Annually.
£ s. d.
1 15 0
(8.51)
1 15 0
(8.51)
1 15 0
(8.51)
1 15 0
(8.51)
1 15 0
(8.51)
1 17 6
(9.12)
2 0 0
(9.73)
2 7 0
(11.43)
2 16 0
(13.62)
2 18 0
(14.11)
3 0 0
(14.59)
(442.52)
(442.52)
(442.52)
(442.52)
(442.52)
(474.24)
(505.96)
(594.36)
(708.24)
(733.72)
(758.68)
Weekly.
£ s. d.
0 12 6
(3.04)
0 13 0
(3.16)
0 13 6
(3.28)
0 14 6
(3.53)
0 15 0
(3.65)
0 17 6
(4.26)
1 0
0
(4.87)
1 3
6
(5.72)
1 8
0
(6.81)
1 9 0
(7.05)
1 10. 0
(7.30)
Annually.
W eekly.
s. â.
7 6
(1.82)
7 6
(1.82)
7 6
(1.82)
7 6
(1.82)
7 6
(1.82)
7 6
(1.82)
7 6
(1.82)
7 6
(1.82)
7 6
(1.82)
7 6
(1.82)
7 6
(1.82)
(158.08)
(164.32)
(170.56)
(183.56)
(189.80)
(221.52)
(253.24)
(297.44)
(354.12)
(366.60)
(379.60)
Annually.
(94.64)
(94.64)
(94.64)
(94.64)
(94.64)
(94.64)
(94.64)
(94.64)
(94.64)
(94.64)
(94.64)
i Amounts stated are granted for total disability; for partial disability, the rates are arranged by the War
Pension Board subject to the approval of the Minister of Defense.
For a man totally disabled 10s. ($2.43) a week, in addition to pension, may be
paid if the services of an attendant are indispensable and the member has not means
to pay for attendant.
If there is no wife, another dependent may receive wife’s share up to the extent
of prewar dependence.
S c h e d u l e 49.—New Zealand.
Pensions for dependents of men deceased in consequence
of war.
[Data from Statutes of New Zealand, 1915, p. 35, 6 Geo. 5, No. 16.]
| Amounts outside of parentheses are in pounds, shillings, and pence; amounts inside of parentheses are in
dollars.)
Amount payable to
the wife.
Amount payable to
the wife.
Rank of man.
Rank of man.
W eekly.
£ s. d.
1 5
0
(6.08)
1 6
0
(6.32)
1 7
0
(6.57)
1 9
0
(7.05)
1 10 0
(7. 30)
2 0 0
(9. 73)
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Weekly
Annually.
(316.16)
(328.64)
(341.64)
(366.60)
(379.60)
(505.96)
Class 7 .....................................
£
2
Class 8 .....................................
2
Class 9 ........................ ..........
3
Class 10...................................
3
Class 11...................................
3
s. d.
5 0
(10.95)
12 0
(12.65)
1 0
(14.84)
3 0
(15.32)
5 0
(15.81)
Annually.
(569.40)
(657. 80)
(771. 68)
(796.64)
(822.12)
MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
149
Each child, irrespective of rank of father, 7s. 6d. ($1.82) a week.
-- Motherless children, 10s. ($2.43) a week.
Mother receives the wife’s allowance, if she is a widow and the member was her
sole support.
If there was no wife or child, other dependents may receive wife’s pension, or the
amount of the prewar dependence, whichever is less.
Illegitimate children receive pensions as legitimate children.
UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA.
The Union of South Africa has made provisions for pensioning
disabled men and the dependents of deceased men, but all informa
tion available seems to indicate that these provisions are less com
plete than those of the other colonies of Great Britain. The only
available provisions for separation allowances were those made for
reservists. The rates, higher than those in Great Britain, are exclu
sive of allotment of soldier’s pay 1 and represent the maximums for
all dependents. No information as to required allotments or as to
the separation allowances for the South Africa contingent was
available.
In 1916 the provisions for pensions for members of the defense
force, other than the permanent force, were extended to include all
persons enlisted for active service during the present war. There is
apparently no graded scale of disability. The maximum pension in
case of permanent incapacity, total or partial, is fixed at £100
($486.65) annually or 3 years’ pay of rank. Civil servants, eligible
to disablement pensions as such may receive such pensions in lieu
of the military pension if this is more advantageous to them.2 In
case of the death of a member of the force, his widow without regard
to rank is entitled to a pension of £70 ($340.66) a year. This ceases
on remarriage. Sons up to the age of 18, daughters up to the age
of 21 or until marriage, are eligible for pension, as are also aged or
infirm parents or a female relative wholly dependent on the deceased
at the time of his death. Issue of pension to children, parents, and
female dependents, but not to widows, is at the discretion of the
Government.
1 The required allotment is the same as for soldiers in Great Britain. See p. 116.
2 Statutes of the Union of South Africa, 1912, p. 274, act No. 13 of 1912, sec. 118, as amended by act No. 29
of 1916 (Statutes of Union of South Africa, 1916, p. 468).
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Schedule
governmental provisions for members of
50.— Union of South Africa. Separation allowances to wives and children
of British Army reservists.
TData from Regulations for the Issue of Separation Allowance, Allotm ents of P ay and Fam ily Allowance
1
during the Present War, page 60.]
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in shillings and pence; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
Class 19.1
Class 20.i
Beneficiaries.
Class 17.1
Class 15.1
Class 16.i
Allowance pay Allowance pay Allowance pay Allowance pay Allowance pay
able
able
able
able
able
Annu W eekly Annu W eekly Annu W eekly Annu
Weekly Annu
ally.
ally.
ally.
ally. W eekly ally.
W ife.............................
Wife and 1 child___
Wife and 2 children..
Wife and 3 children..
Wife and 4 children..
s. d.
14 7
(3.55)
19 10
(4. 82)
25 1
(6.10)
30 4
(7.38)
35 0
(8.51)
(184.60)
(250.64)
(317.20)
(383.76)
(442.52)
s. d.
14 7
(3.55)
20 5
(4.97)
26 3
(6.39)
32 1
(7.80)
36 9
(8.94)
(184.60)
(258.44)
(332.28)
(405.60)
(464.88)
s. d.
16 4
(3.97)
22 2
(5.39)
28 0
(6.. 81)
33 10
(8.23)
38 6
(9.36)
(206.44)
(280.28)
(354.12)
(427.96)
(486.72)
s. d.
s. d.
22 9
21 7
(5.53)
(5.25) (273.00)
28 7
27 5
(346.84)
(6.95)
(6.67)
34 5
33 3
(8.09) (420.68) (8.37)
40 3
39 1
(9.51) (494.52) (9.79)
44 11
43 9
(10.64) (553.28) (10.93)
(287.56)
(361.40)
(435.24)
(509.08)
(568.36)
1 For classification of rank see p. 119.
Each subsequent child, irrespective of rank of father, 4s. 8d. ($1.14) a week.
Each motherless child, irrespective of rank of father, 5s. 3d. ($1.28) a week.
Schedule
51.—
—Union of South Africa. Pensions for dependents of men deceased in
consequence of war S
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in pounds, shillings, and pence; amounts inside of parentheses are
m dollars.]
A mounts payable.
Beneficiaries.
Weekly.
£ s. d.
1 6 11*
(6.55)
°
Aged or infirm parents, or female relatives w holly dependent on deceased..........
6 ( l ! 50)
19( 4 . l |
Annually.
£
70
(340.66)
16
(77.86)
50
(243.33)
i Statutes of the Union of South Africa, 1912, pp. 276, 290, A ct. No. 13 of 1912, sec. 118, and Schedule V I,
as amended b y statutes of the U nion of South Africa, 1916, p. 458, act No. 29 of 1916.
PRINCIPAL SOURCES OF INFORMATION CONCERNING THE
PENSION SYSTEMS OF GREAT BRITAIN AND COLONIES
OF GREAT BRITAIN.
Great Britain: Regulations for the issue of army separation allow
ance, allotments of pay and family allowance during the present war.
London, H. M. Stationery Office, 1916.
Great Britain: Army Orders, April, 1917. London, H. M. Sta
tionery Office, 1917.
Great Britain, Military Service (Civil Liabilities) Committee: Regu
lations made by the military service (civil liabilities) committee with
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M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR DEPEN D EN TS.
151
the concurrence of the Lord Commissioner of His Majesty’s Treasury.
London, H. M. Stationery Office, 1916. (Cd. 8249.)
Great Britain: The Navy List for April, 1916, corrected to the 18th
of March, 1916. London, H. M. Stationery Office, 1916.
Great Britain, War Pensions, Etc., Statutory Committee: Draft
regulations (pt. 1) for grants to supplement pensions, grants, and
separation allowances payable out of public funds and for other
grants and allowances, made by the statutory committee of the Royal
Patriotic Fund Corporation constituted under the Naval and Military
War Pensions, etc., Act, 1915. London, H. M. Stationery Office,
1916. (Cd. 8316.)
Papers relating to scales of pensions and allowances of officers and
men of the oversea contingents and their dependents. London,
H. M. Stationery Office, 1915. (Cd. 7793.)
Navy separation allowance. (Extracts from Admiralty Orders.)
Great Britain, Ministry of Pensions: Royal warrant for the pensions
of soldiers disabled and of the families and dependents of soldiers de
ceased in consequence of the present war together with order in
council and regulations for pensions of British seamen and marines,
their widows, relatives, and dependents. London, H. M. Stationery
Office, 1917. (House of Commons, 64).
Statutes of New Zealand, 1915 and 1916.
Statutes of the Union of South Africa, 1912 and 1916.
Statutory rules and orders, Commonwealth of Australia, 1917,
No. 49.
Acts of the Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, 1916.
Royal warrant for the pay, appointment, promotion, and noneffective pay of the Army. London, H. M. Stationery Office, 1914.
The draft of a royal warrant for the retired pay of officers disabled
and for the pensions of the families and relatives of officers deceased,
and for the pensions of nurses disabled in consequence of the present
war. London, H. M. Stationery Office, 1917. (Cd. 8631.)
ITALY.1
SEPARATION ALLOWANCES.
The system of Government separation allowances to the families
of soldiers in existence in Italy before 1914 proved insufficient to
meet the extraordinary demands of the European conflict. The
amounts allowed have been twice raised by the Government since
the outbreak of the war, and have been supplemented by various
subsidies, both public and private. The last increase in the scale of
allowances was made in April of 1917. The present status is shown
in the following schedule.2
1 The Italian material was prepared b y Miss Mary D . Hopkins.
2 Decree of the lieutenant general, Apr. 23,1917, No. 662, Gazzetta Ufficiale, Apr. 30,1917.
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G O V E R N M E N T A L P R O V IS IO N S FO R M E M B E R S OF
S c h e d u l e 52. —Italy.
•
Separation allowances.
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in lire and fractions of a lira; amounts inside of parentheses are
fractions of a dollar.]
D aily amounts of
separation allowanees.
Beneficiaries.
In
capitals In other
com
of Prov
inces or munes.
districts.
/
\
Each legitim ate or legitim atized child under 12, or older, if incapable of work............ /
l
/
1 parent, 60 years old or incapable of work.................................................
\
J
2 parents, satisfying same conditions.........................................................
i
/
1 brother or sister under 12, or older, if incapable of work...............................................
i
/
Every additional brother and sister.................................................................
l
W ife...............................................................
0.80
(0.15)
0.40
(0.08)
0.80
(0.15)
1.30
(0.25)
0.80
(0.15)
0.40
(0.08)
0.70
(0.14)
0.35)
(0.07)
0.70
(0.14)
1.20
(0.23)
0.70
(0.14)
0.35
(0.07)
Ascendants and collateral relatives do not receive the allowance
if there is a wife or children. In such cases the wife or children
or both receive it. When several brothers are called to the colors
allowances to parents, brothers, and sisters can be extended in be
half of only one.
All indigent families of soldiers who are deprived of support by
the call to arms or retention under arms of their breadwinners may
be admitted to the separation allowance.
The allowance must be asked for not by the soldier but by the
relatives interested. Such persons will submit their request to the
syndic (sindaco) of the commune where they reside, and the syn
dic on receiving it will make an investigation to ascertain the char
acter and economic condition of the family, so as to make sure that
the soldier in question has been actually recalled to the colors or
retained in service, and that the family is not already drawing the
allowance in another commune. As soon as possible the communal
committee is called together to decide upon the merits of the claim.
This committee consists of the syndic, as chairman, the local com
mandant of the Royal Carbineers, and the president of the local
organized charities. If decision must be given on the question of
“ incapacity for work” the municipal physician must be called in.
In the event of the committee’s decision being favorable, the syndic
is required to provide for the immediate payment of the allowance.1
The interest of the authorities in a rapid and effective adminis
tration of the system is indicated in many ways. In populous com
munes, the syndic, to expedite grants, may appoint more than one
committee. The commandants of the military districts in a mani1 Circular No. 351, May 20,1915, Giomale Militare Ulficiale, 1915.
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festo of the 22d of May, 1915, say that the reason for direct appli
cation of the families to the syndic is “ in order to secure the greatest
possible speed in the service. ” '
Payment of allowances is made each Monday for the week just
past, and every fifteen days the syndic must report to the com
mandant of the military district the amounts of allowances paid.
Funds for the payment of the allowances are obtained by an appro
priation in the budget.
In addition to the daily separation allowances described, monthly
allowances are paid as a war indemnity to various classes of citizens.
Civil employees of the State, for example, may receive 15 lire ($2.90)
cr 12 lire ($2.32) monthly, according as their yearly salaries are not
above 1,500 lire ($289.50) or not above 3,000 lire ($579), respectively.
Subaltern officers, married with at least one child or widowers with
two or more children, may receive the 15 lire ($2.90) a month also.1
Besides the State allowances subsidies are granted in especially
needy cases from funds subscribed privately and administered by
the military authorities. A circular of the Minister of the Marine 2
speaks with appreciation of the large subscriptions for this purpose
made by the personnel of the Navy in answer to his previous appeal
and emphasizes that individual care should be used in their distri
bution.
The State has made wide provision for the continuance of salaries
to its civil employees recalled to arms and has even, by a decree of
May 1, 1916, required that private firms shall, under certain condi
tions, pay indemnities to their employees amounting, as a maxi
mum, to one-half their salary.3
Another source of assistance from the State to the more needy
families of soldiers is the compulsory State maternity insurance for
wage-earning women working in factories or engaged in other occu
pations to which the labor law for women and children applies.
The benefits amount to 40 lire ($7.72) at the time of childbirth and
are paid to the amount of 70 per cent from the fund created by the
contributions of employer and employee, and to the amount of 30
per cent by the State.4
1 Decree of the lieutenant general, Oct. 29,1916, No. 1499, Gazzetta TJfficiale, N ov. 13,1916, and Act No. 886,
Giomale Ufficiale della Marina, Dec. 31,1916.
2 Giornale Ufficiale della Marina, Sept. 30,1916.
2 Decree of the lieutenant general, May 1,1916, No. 490, Gazzetta Ufficiale, May 5,1916.
4 Law of July 17,1910, No. 620, Gazzetta Ufficiale, Aug. 3,1910.
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G O V E R N M E N T A L P R O V IS IO N S FO R M E M B E R S OF
Schedule
53.—Italy, Army. Pay of enlisted men in active service, including yearly
amounts for pay, rations, and allowance.
[Official sources, March 10,1915.]
[Amounts outside of parentheses are given in lire; amounts inside of parentheses are given in dollars.]
Rank.
Total yearly
pay and
allowance
in each grade.
Total yearly
allowance,
food for
each grade.
(544.72)
(400.21)
(298.07)
(228.59)
(346.02)
(212.61)
2.314.8
1,566.0
1.036.8
676.8
1,285.2
594.0
511.2 (98.67)
493.3 (95.20)
180.0
162.0
439.2 (84.77)
421.2 (81.30)
108.0 (20.84) 219.6 (42.39)
90.0 (17.37)
Marshal major......... 2.822.4
Marshal..................... 2.073.6
Sergeant major........ 1.544.4
First sergeant.......... 1.184.4
Sergeant, trumpeter 1,792.8
Sergeant.................... 1.101.6
Sapper and trum
peter, lance ser
geant ......................
Lance sergeant........
Corporal trumpeter,
sapper and musi
cian.........................
Corporal, farrier___
Lance
corporal,
sapper, trumpeter
Private......................
Total yearly
pay cash for
each grade.1
385.2
367.3
(74.35)
(70.88)
54.0
36.0
Total
yearly
allowance,
clothing
for each
grade.
Total
Total
yearly
yearly
allowance, allowance,
bedding
fuel for
each grade. for each
grade.
(446.75)
(302.24)
(200.10) 396.0 (76.43)
(130.62)
(248.05)
(114.64)
(34.74)
(31.27)
43.2 (8.34) ■54.0 (10.42) .14.4 (2.78)
(10.42)
(6.95)
i A n additional cash allowance is paid w hen troops are on a war footing, at the rate of 0. 75 lira
(SO 15) per day ($54.75 annually) for sergeants and higher grades, and from 0. 20 lira (#0.04) to 0. 35 lira
($0.07) per day ($14.60 to $25.55 annually) for lower grades.
PENSIONS.
HISTORY AND GENERAL STATEMENT.
At the beginning of the European War and until the end of 1916
the old Italian pension system remained in force. This was based
on the law of February 21, 1895, on civil and military pensions, with
its subsequent amendments, and treated wounds and deaths of soldiers
as exceptions in a system based primarily on length of service. The
law of June 23, 1912, passed at the beginning of the Libyan War, and
“ valid for all future campaigns of war,” by establishing the so-called
“ privileged” pensions for officers and soldiers on lower salaries
raised indeed the amounts of pensions granted to soldiers and families
most in need, but changed nothing in the essential structure of the
system. This system provided invalid pensions for three categories
of infirmities only, gave a flat pension to widows and orphans regard
less of the size of the family, and provided support for the ascend
ants and collateral relatives of the deceased soldier only if the
latter had been their sole support.
Under the strain of a war that called into action not merely the
professional army but the total forces of the nation, the inadequacy
and injustice of a system so archaic and so inelastic became increas
ingly evident. Public opinion expressing itself in such authoritative
ways as in the official conference for all Italy on pensions, at Rome
in June of 1916, the writings and lectures of the Hon. Luigi Rava, of
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the Italian Parliament, and a critical study of the Italian pension
system in comparison with other systems by the Hon. Ivanoe Bonomi,
minister of public works, demanded that the pension law be modern
ized. As a model for this reform, the Government studied the pro
posed remodeling of the pension system of France, and the changes
now in effect in the Italian system show the strong influence of the
pending French bill.
The new system was instituted by the decree of the lieutenant
general of November 12, 1916. I t provided for an increase of pen
sion according to the size of the deceased soldier’s family, granting
630 lire ($121.59) for a widow and two children, or to full orphans
up to the number of four, and adding 50 lire ($9.65) annually for
each child under 18, changed the clause of “ sole support” to “ neces
sary and chief support,” made a broad provision for illegitimate
children, and promised, in the regulations to follow, a revision of the
categories of disability for invalid pensions on the basis of incapacity
for profitable work. These regulations, just received in this country,1
replace the three former categories of disability by ten, and fix the
pensions for these by fractions of the maximum invalid pension for
Category I. For Categories IX and X, respectively (the slighter
injuries), a temporary allowance and a lump sum are given and for
cases where the medical authority is unable to give definite decision
on the type of injury, a renewable yearly allowance is given, equal
to the pension of the category provisionally fixed. This may be later
canceled, in case of the soldier’s improvement, or converted into a
pension, if his disability is permanent. In case of aggravation of the
soldier’s disability he may apply for an increase of pension, according
to the category of disability to which his new status of disability
assigns him.
In contrast to the old conception of grading disability by unfitness
for military service, the effort has been made in the new system to
grade the injuries and corresponding pensions according to the sol
dier’s loss of earning power in civil life. The disability chart, pub
lished with the new regulations of May 20, 1917, is the work, as the
minister of the treasury states in his report to the lieutenant gen
eral, of a technical commission of experts, medical, legal, and actuarial,
and shows the replacement of the rough and ready classification of
infirmities in the old three categories by a carefully detailed scale of
injuries, graded with the utmost possible scientific precision and
accuracy. Traces are also evident of the purpose to compensate dis
figurement, even when it involves no actual disability.
i Decree of th e lieutenant general. May 20,1917, No. 876. Gazzetta Ufficiale, June 7,1917.
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156
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF
RETIREMENT PENSIONS.
Retirement pensions for officers of the Army and Navy are liqui
dated on the basis of their average salary for the last five years, if
they themselves ask for retirement, or for the last three years if
retired by law or official order. For captains and subaltern officers1
300 lire ($57.90) are added to the quinquennial or triennial average.
If the average is not above 4,000 lire ($772) it is increased by onefifth if the officer has not received an increase of salary for the last 12
years or has received an increase which does not amount to one-fifth
of the average. In this latter case no account is taken of the increase
of the last 12 years.
Taking the average as the base, the pension is computed according
to the fractions given in the official tables for Army and Navy.
(See Schedule 55, p. 157.) If the average is not above 2,000 lire
($386), the pension equals the given fraction of 2,000 multiplied by
the number of years of service. If the average is above 2,000, the
pension equals the given fraction of 2,000 times the number of years
of service plus the given fraction of any remaining sum times the
number of years of service. The pension must not be less than 150
lire ($28:95) or more than 8,000 lire ($1,544) and must not exceed
four-fifths of the average as calculated above.
Superior officers have a right to retirement pension after 30 years’
service, inferior officers (subalterns) after 25 years’ service. They
must, however, have reached the following ages: Generals and ad
mirals, lieutenant generals and vice admirals, and corresponding
grades, 55 years; major generals, rear admirals, and corresponding
grades, 55 years; superior officers, 52 years; inferior officers, 45 years.
Enlisted men have a right to retirement pensions after 20 years’
service and at 42 years of age. For the marines, however, this age
is reduced to 39 years if they have had 15 years’ service with the fleet.
The minimum and maximum retirement pensions are paid to en
listed men according to the amounts fixed by grade on the official
schedule. (See Schedule 57, footnote 1, p. 163.)
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MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
Schedule
54.—Italy, Army.
157
Retirement pensions for officers.
[Sources: Les Armées des Principales Puissances au Printemps de 1913, Paris, 1913, p. 279; V eltzé’s Inter
nationaler Armee Almanach, 1913-14.]
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in lire; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
Annual pension.
Grade.
Salary.
Minimum.1
Lieutenant general...........................................
Major general..................................................... ;
Colonel..................................................................
Lieutenant colonel:
After 5 years grade................................... .
Less than 5 years...................................... .
Major:
After 5 years grade.....................................
Less than 5 years...............................; ___
Captain:
After 10 years grade or 25 years service
After 5 years................................................
Less than 5 years........................................
Lieutenant:
After 15 years grade...................................
After 10 years grade or 15 years service,
After 5 years................................................
Less than 5 years........................................
Sublieutenant.....................................................
12,000 (2,316.00)
10,000 (1,930.00)
8,000 (1,544.00)
Maximum.
5,833 ,1,125.77)
4,833
(932. 77)
3,833
(739.77)
8,000 (1,544.00)
8,000 1,544.00)
6,100 (1,177.30)
7,000 (1,351.00)
6,000 0,158.00)
3,942
3,406
(760.81)
(657.36)
5,600 1,080.80)
4,800
(926.40)
5,500 (1,061.50)
5,000
(965.00)
3,540
3,060
(683.22)
(590.58)
4,400
4,000
(849.20)
(772.00)
4,800
4,400
4,000
(926.40)
(849. 20)
(772.00)
2,931
2,731
2,131
(565.68)
(527.08)
(411.28)
4,000
3,760
3,440
(772.00)
(725.68)
(663.92)
3,600
3,400
2,800
2,400
2,000
(694.80)
(656.20)
(540.40)
(463.20)
(386.00)
2,431
2,181
1,931
1,731
1,617
(469.18)
(420.93)
(372.68)
(334.08)
(312.08)
3,120
3,040
2,480
2,160
1,840
(602.16)
(586.72)
(478.64)
(416.88)
(355.12)
1 Superior officers, after 30 years’ service; inferior officers, after 25 years’ service.
Schedule
55.—Italy.
Fractions to be used in reckoning pensions for officers.
A. NAVY.
[Source: Law of June 27, 1909, No. 375.]
N a v a l constructors,
m e d i c a l and com
missary corps.
General staff.
Grade.
On first
2,000 lire.
On any
remaining
sum.
On first
2,000 lire.
1/30
1/30
1/27
1/32
1/34
1/37
1/46
1/45
1/41
1/49
1/51
1/55
1/36
1/35
1/32
1/34
1/35
Midshipman and sublieutenant............................................
Sublieutenant of warship and lieutenant...........................
Lieutenant of warship and captain.....................................
Captain of corvette and major..............................................
Captain of frigate and colonel................................................
Captain of warship and colonel............................................
On any
remaining
sum.
1/54
1/53
1/49
1/52
1/52
B . ARM Y.
[Source: Law of July 14, 1907, No. 482.]
General staff, in
fantry, cavalry,
artillery,
con
structors, perma
nent personnel
of districts, per
sonnel of for
tresses.
Grade.
M e d i c a l corps,
commissary, ac
countants, veter
inary, pharma
cists.
R oyal carbineers.
On any
On any
On any
On first remain
On first remain
On first remain
2,000 lire. ing
sum. 2,000 lire. ing sum. 2,000 lire. ing sum.
Sublieutenant.....................................................
Lieutenant...........................................................
Captain................................................................
Major.....................................................................
Lieutenant colonel............................................
Pharmacist, first class......................................
Pharmacist, chief, second class.....................
Pharmacist, chief, first class........................... )
Chemical-pharmaceutical director................ \
Chemical-pharmaceutical inspector..............
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1/34
1/33
1/33
1/35
1/37
1/37
1/37
1/51
1/50
1/50
1/52
1/56
1/56
1/56
1/36
1/35
1/36
1/38
1/38
1/37
1/37
1/55
1/53
1/55
1/57
1/57
1/56
1/55
1/36
1/35
1/35
1/37
1/37
1/37
1/37
1/55
1/53
1/52
1/55
1/55
1/55
1/55
1/37
1/56
1/35
1/53
1/37
1/55
158
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR . MEMBERS OF
DISABILITY PENSIONS.
Disability pensions for officers for injuries incurred in service,
according to Category I of the old law, are equal to four-fifths of the
officer’s salary increased by one-half; and for soldiers they are equal
to the maximum retirement pensions given on the official table
increased by two-thirds. (See Schedules 56 and 57, pp. 160 to 163.)
For the “ privileged” pensions granted for injuries incurred in war
to officers and soldiers who have claim to disability pensions not
exceeding 3,000 lire ($579), one-fifth is added to the amounts computed
as above. These privileged pensions may not exceed 3,000 lire ($579).
The new pension regulations of May 20, 1917, remodel the system
of invalid pensions as follows: Ten categories of disability take the
place of the previous three, ranging from blindness and loss of all the
limbs to the lightest grades of injury. The maximum pension, that
of Category I for total disability (100 per cent loss of earning power)
is retained from the old system. I t is notable that the pensions of
this category are larger in amount than the corresponding ones
granted by any other continental nation among the belligerents.
The pensions of Categories II to V III inclusive are equal to 80, 75,
70, 60, 50, 40, and 30 per cent of the pension of Category I, respec
tively. Privileged pensions are paid to officers whose normal pen
sion amounts to less than 3,000 lire‘($579) and are reckoned by adding
one-fifth to the amounts computed as above. Privileged pensions for
noncommissioned officers and enlisted men are fixed by the official
table attached to the decree of May 20, 1917. (See Schedule 57, foot
note 1, p. 163.) For the injuries of Category IX a temporary allow
ance is paid, equal to the pension of Category VIII, during from three
to six years, provided that the soldier or officer has not the right to
the retirement pension. For injuries of Category X, provided again
that the injured man has not the right to the retirement pension, an
indemnity is paid in a lump sum varying from six months’ payment
of the pension for Category V III to two years’ payments, but a claim
for this indemnity involves renunciation of the claim to a pension.
When the military medical authority can not decide the question of
the seriousness of the injury or of its permanence, a renewable allow
ance is paid, equal to the pension of the category provisionally fixed,
for from one year to five years according to the time fixed for the
next medical consultation. If at the end of this period the injury
is recognized as permanent, the renewable allowance is changed to a
pension, or, if doubt still exists, the allowance may be further pro
longed, but not for more than eight years including the first period.
At the end of this time a definite medical decision must be given, accord
ing to which the allowance must either be converted into a pension,
or into the temporary allowance or lump sum payment spoken of
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M ILITARY FORCES AN D TH EIR D EPE N D E N T S.
159
above, or otherwise must be cancelled. In case of aggravation of
infirmity, a soldier may apply for increase of pension.1
A noteworthy innovation in the law is the increased provision for
the most serious types of injury. If a soldier’s disability indispen
sably requires the assistance of another person, he has the right to a
supplementary allowance as well as to the pension due him. This
allowance amounts to 150 lire ($28.95) annually and may in the most
serious cases be doubled. The privileged pension, moreover, is subject
to increasefor length of service. An officer after five years of service, or
a soldier after eight years of service, receives for every year of active
service or campaign one-twentieth of the difference between the mini
mum retirement pension and the privileged pension, provided the priv
ileged pension does not exceed the amount of the minimum retirement
pension. If, on the other hand, the officer or soldier has served the
20 years required for a retirement pension, he receives as the
privileged pension the amount of the retirement pension plus onetenth, if this results more favorably than the pension computed in
percentage of the disability pension of Category I.
i Decree of the lieutenant general, May 1,1916, No. 497,4 Gazzetta Officiale, May 6,1916.
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160
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
V
10735-17-
After 10 years’
grade or 25
years'service.
After 5 years........
After 5 years___
Less than 5 years.
Less than 5 years
Sublieutenant.............
After 10 y e a rs...
Midshipman. .
3,400
(656.20)
4,440
(856.92)
3,552
(685.54)
3,330
(642.69)
3,108
(599.84)
3,000
(579)
2,664
(514.15)
2,131
(411.28)
1,598
(308.41)
1,598
(308.41)
(154.21)
2,800
(540.40)
2,400
(463.20)
2,000
(386.00)
3,720
(717.96)
3,240
(625.32)
3,000
(579)
3,000
(579)
3,000
(579)
2,880
(555.84)
3,000
(579)
2,916
(562.79)
2,700
(521.10)
3,000
(579)
2,721.6
(525.27)
2,520
(486.36)
2,678
(516. 85)
2,333
(450.27)
2,160
(416.88)
2,232
(430.78)
1,944
(375.19)
1,800
(347.40)
1,786
(344.70)
1,555
(300.12)
1,440
(277.92)
1,339
(258.43)
1,166
(225.04)
1,080
(208.44)
1,339
(258.43)
1,166
(225.04)
1,080
(208.44)
669.5-2,678
(129.21)
-(516.85)
588-2,332
(113.48)-(50.08)
540-2,160
(104.22)
-(416.88)
790-3,196
-(616,82)
MILITARY FORGES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS,
i Decree of lieutenant general, May 20, 1917, No. 876: Art. ,8 . When the military medical authority can n ot give definite decision on the seriousness of the infirmity, the officer
shall be retired, and the Court of Accounts shall pay him a renewable allowance equal to the “ privileged” pension due him on the.basis of the category of injury provisionally fixed,
provided that the injury falls within the first eight categories. The duration of the allowance shall not be less than a year or longer than 5.
‘
Art. 9. If at the end of this period the disability is recognized to be permanent, the renewable allowance is converted into a pension; otherwise it shall be extended for another
period, which, together w ith the first, shall not exceed 8 years, to the amount of the pension for the new grade of disability fixed. • A t the end of the second period a definite decision
must be given b y the medical authority on the basis of which the renewable allowance shall be converted into a pension or into the allowance for Category V III or Category IX
if the disability is recognized as permanent; otherwise it shall be canceled.
° J
J
’
Pensions of Category I are computed according to the law of Feb. 21, 1895, No. 70 (codified text). N o pension m ay exceed 8,000 lire. Subaltern officers have 300 lire added
to salary as base of computation.
Decree of lieutenan t general, May 20,1917, N o. 876, Art. 3: Pensions of Categories II to V III range from 80 per cent to 30 per cent of pension for Category I, as indicated, but
these are computed on the theoretic maximum pension as base, not the pension as lim ited b y law to 8,000 lire. The resulting pension m ust not, of course, exceed 8,000 lire.
Law of June 2 3 ,1912, Nq. 667, Art. 2: “ Privileged” pensions are computed b y adding one-fifth to the pension of Category I. They are granted only to officers having claim to
a pension of less than 3,000 lire annually, and may not in any case exceed 3,000 lire.
,, Decree of lieutenant general, May 20,1917, N o. 876, Art. 4: For officers who have not served the length of tim e required for retirement, but have served not less than 5 years,
Jr®.. Pr™ 8 “ ,_ pension shall be increased for every year of active service or Campaign of war b y one-twentieth of the difference between the minimum retirem ent pension and
the privileged : pension. T he pension thus increased, however, m ay not exceed the am ount of the minim um retirement pension.
,
’ however, the officer has served th elen gth of tim e required for retirement, the “ privileged” pension shall be paid to the amount of the retirement pension increased b y onetenth when this am ount is more favorable than that fixed b y the table.
h ...
J
The am ount o fth e retirement pension sh a llb e fixed for the purpose of these calculations b v taking as the base for liquidation the officer’s last salary.
Art. 5. The officer who in war service has suffered any of the injuries listed in Category I, Nos. 1-8, inclusive ( Schedule of Categories of disability p. 175), or other injuries of Cate?or? h
m.e, ca‘ authority has certified th at the assistance of another person is indispensable, has the right, besides the pension, to a supplementary allowance, not transferable. Tins allowance sh a llb e 150 lire (828.95) annually, and sh allb e doubled in th e case of Category I, N o. 1, or where more tnan one of the injuries indicated above coexist.
.. In is allowance m ay b erev o k ed ,ifin the j udgment of the National Institute ( Opera Nazionale) for the Protection and Assistance of War Invalids (law of Mar. 25,1917, No. 481)
ib e reason for th e grant is decreased because the pensioned man has been provided for by a public institution, or when it appears that he has refused to enter such an institution
.. Art. 6 Temporary allowance granted only if officer has not the right to the retirement pension. Duration of the allowance (3 to 6 years) shall be determined b y the m ilit a r y
medical authority on the basis of degree of incapacity for profitable work.
.
/
J
J
6 Art. 7. Lump-sum paym ent granted only i f officer has not the right to the retirement pension.
The sum varies from 6 months7paym ent of the 8th category pension to a maxim um of 2 years’ paym ents of same. Request for this grant implies renunciation of claim to a
pension except in case of aggravation of the infirm ity in question.
-
05
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
57.—Italy.
“ Privileg ed ” pensions to noncommissioned officers and other enlisted men disabled in war}
162
S chedule
2
[Amounts given outside of parentheses are in lire; amounts given inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
Army.
N avy.
a. Aid, marshal, and
master at arms.
Boatswain of first
and second class
and others of
equivalentgrade.
ni.
75 IV . 70
II. 80
I.« 100
per cent. per cent. per cent. per cent.
3,000
(579)
2,240
6. Q u a r te r m a s te r Second boatswain
and others of (432.32)
major, quartermas
equivalent grade
ter, sergeant major,
brigadier of Royal
carbineers,sergeant
vice brigadier of
R oyal carbineers.
1,680
c. Corporal m a jo r, Subboatswain and
others of equiva (324.24)
candidate of R oyal
lent grade.
carbineers, corpora
and carbineer.
1,260
d. Candidate,private Selected seaman.
s e a m a n , a n d (243.18)
and student carbi
com mon seaman
neer..
of first and sec
ond class of other
categories.
1,066
Ship boy, common
seaman of third (205.74)
class of other
categories.
Y . 60
2,419
(466.87)
2,268
(437.72)
2,116
(408.39)
1,814
(350.10)
1,512
(291.82)
1,209
(233.34)
907
(175.05)
453.5-1,814
907
(175.05) (87.53-350.10)
1,792
(345.86)
1,680
(324.24)
1,568
(302.62)
1,344
(259.39)
1,120
(216.16)
896
(172.93)
672
(129.70)
336-1,344
672
(129.70) (64.85-259.39)
1,344
(259.39)
1,260
(243.18)
1,176
(226.97)
1,008
(194.54)
840
(162.12)
672
(129.70)
504
(97.27)
252-1,008
504
(97.27) (48.64-194.54)
1,008
(194.54)
945
(182.39)
882
(170.23)
756
(145.91)
630
(121.59)
504
(97.27)
378
(72.95)
189-756
378
(72.95) (36.48-145.91)
852
(164.44)
799
(154.21)
746
(143.98)
639
(123.33)
533
(102.87)
426
(82.22)
319
(61.57)
159.5-638
319
(61.57) (30.78-123.13)
■
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Tempo
rary
Yearly
L um p sum
allow paym ent3 for increase i
ance 3 for Category X . after 8 years'
V I. 50 V II. 40 V III. 30 Category 10 per cent.
service.
per cent. per cent. per cent. IX . 20
per cent.
Pension (annual) for Categories3—
Alternative
pen sion 7
(If x = m in i
mum re
tir e m e n t (If z r e t ir e
m ent pen
, p e n s io n ,
sion)
and y =
privileged z + 1/10.
pension)
1/20 of (x-y).
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF
Amounts granted for disability2 incurred in war.
Grades according to the table of equiva
lents quoted in the law of June 23,1912,
No. 667, w ith its successive amend
ments.
Retirement pension.
Grade.
a ...............
b ...............
c ...............
d ...............
M i n i m u m , 20
years’
active
service.
1,080 (208.44)
760 (146.68)
600 (115.80)
510 (98.43)
425 (82.03)
Increase per
year.
36
30
20
10
9
(6.95)
(5.79)
(3.86)
(1.93)
(1.74)
M a x im u m , 32
years’
active
service.
1,512
1,120
840
630
533
(291.82)
(216.16)
(162.12)
(121. 59)
(102.87)
D isability pension
for Category I,
peace basis.
2,520.00
1,866.67
1, 400.00
1,050.00
888.33
(486.36)
(360.27)
(270.20)
(202.65)
(171.45)
2 Families of soldiers permanently disabled in war receive (in addition to the soldier’s
disability pension) the same allowances as the families of soldiers called to or retained with
the colors; these amounts are given on p. 152. (Law of Mar. 25,1917, no. 481, Gazz. Uff.
Apr. 2,1917.)
* When the military medical authority can not give a definite decision on the serious
ness of the infirmity, the soldier shall be retired and the court of accounts shall pay him
a renewable allowance equal to the “ privileged ” pension due him on th e basis of the
category of injury provisionally fixed, provided th at th e injury falls w ithin th e first
eight categories. The duration of the allowance sljall not be less than a year or longer
than 5.
If at the end of this period, the disability is recognized to be permanent, the renewable
allowance is converted into a pension; otherwise it shall be extended for another period,
which together w ith the first shall not exceed 8 years, to the amount cf the pension for
the new grade of disability fixed. A t th e end of the second period, a definite decision
must be given by th e medical authority on the basis of which the renewable allowance
shall be converted into a pension or into th e allowance for Category VIII or Category I X ,
if the' disability is recognized as permanent; otherwise it shall be canceled.
4 The soldier who in war service has suffered any of the injuries listed in Category I,
Nos. 1-8,inclusive (Schedule of Categories of D isability,p. 175), or other injuries of Cat
egory I, if the medical authority has certified that the assistance of another person is
indispensable, has the right besides th e pension to a supplementary allowance, not
transferable. This allowance shall be 150 lire ($28.95) annually and shall be doubled in
th e case indicated in Category I, N o. 1, or where more than one of the injuries indicated
above coexist. This allowance m ay be revoked if in the j udgment of the N ational Insti
tute (Opera Nazionale) for the Protection and Assistance of War Invalids (Law of Mar. 25,
1917, no. 481, Gazz. Uff. Apr. 2,1917), the reason for the grant is decreased because the
ensioned man has been provided for by a public institution, or when it appears that he
as refused to enter such an institution.
s Granted only if the soldier has not the right to the retirement pension. Duration of
the allowance (3 to 6 years) shall be determined by th e military medical authority on the
basis of degree of incapacity for profitable work.
6 Granted only if soldier has not the right to the retirement pension. The sum varies
from 6 m onths’ payment of the eighth category pension to a maxim um of 2 years’ pay
ments of same. Request for this grant implies renunciation of claim to a pension except
in case of aggravation of th e infirmity in question.
7 For soldiers who have not served the length of tim e required for retirement, but have
served not less than 8 years, the “ privileged” pension shall be increased for every year
of active service or campaign of war by 1/20 of th e difference between th e minimum
retirement pension and the “ privileged” pension. The pension in order to be thus
increased, however, m ay not exceed the amount of th e minim um retirement pension.
Practically this applies only to disabilities of less than 40 per cent severity.
If. however, the soldier has served th e length of tim e required for retirement, the
“ privileged” pension shall be paid to th e amount of th e retirement pension increased
b y 1/10 if this amount is more favorable than that fixed by th e schedule.
The amount of the retirement pension shall be fixed for the purpose of this calculation
b y taking as the base for liquidation the soldier’s last pay.
E
MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
» The maxim um “ privileged ” war pension (Category I) is computed by adding 1/5 to
the disability pension, Category I, peace basis, which equals the maximum retirement
pension plus 2/3. (Law of June 23,1912, no. 667, Art. 2, Gazz. Uff. July 5,1912; and law
of Feb. 21,1895, no. 70, Art. 100, Codici e Leggi Usuali dTtalia, Vol. II, p. 2693, Milan,
Hoepli, 1905.)
.
“ Privileged” pensions are granted only to soldiers who have claim to a disability pen
sion of less than L.3,000 ($579), and can not in any case exceed L.3,000.
Maximum and minimum retirement pensions serving as basis for reckoning disability
pensions in peace, and “ privileged ’’pensions for war are shown in the table below, which
gives retired pensions for the N avy as confirmed by the Law of July 2,1911, no. 621 (Gazz.
Uff., July 4, 1911). As shown b y th e Table of Equivalents, these apply to the Army
grades of the m ain table as well.
.1 6 3
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164
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
In all belligerent countries it has been found necessary in various
ways to supplement the existing provisions of the pension laws.
Even in countries with a revised pension system such as Italy’s, sup
plementary legislation has been found necessary. A modern type of
provision supplementary to the disability pension is shown in the
legislation extending the payment of the separation allowance to the
families of soldiers permanently disabled in war. This has been done
in Italy by the law establishing the National Institute for War Inva
lids (Opera Nazionale).1
The allowance is extended without limitation, on the same terms
as to the families of soldiers called to or retained with the colors.
The National Institute coordinates and centralizes the work of the
previously existing relief agencies for the assistance of wounded sol
diers, acting through and with them apparently as a sort of central
clearing house. I t is supported by public • appropriations and by
private contributions.
The law makes elaborate provision for the care and reeducation of
wounded soldiers and provides payment of allowances to them during
treatment and training. Whatever the degree of earning power rees
tablished by the treatment, the pension provisions remain un
changed. A soldier is, however, penalized for refusing treatment by
loss of part or all of his pension.
PENSIONS TO WIDOWS AND OTHER DEPENDENTS.
The remodeled and modernized regulations for dependents’ pen
sions were established by the decree of the lieutenant general of
November 12, 1916. These were not changed by the regulations of
May 20, 1917.
Dependents of officers dying of injuries or disease incurred in service
receive one-half of the officer’s pension in case this does not exceed
3,000 lire ($579) and otherwise 40 per cent of the officer’s salary.
Dependents of soldiers (noncommissioned officers and enlisted men)
receive under the same circumstances one-half the maximum pension
of Category I. These general rules are subject to such changes and
exceptions as will be noted.
Dependents having a right to the pension are widows, children under
18 years of age (including illegitimate children under certain condi
tions), or parents, or orphan brothers and sisters under 18 years of age.
According to the regulations the widow alone, the widow and one child,
or the widow and two children receive the same amount. For each ad
i Lawof Mar. 25,1917, No. 481, Gazzetta Ufficiale, Apr. 2,1917.
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MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
165:
ditional child under 18 years of age there is an annual increase of 50
lire ($9.65). If there is no widow, the orphans receive the full pen
sion, the amount increasing 50 lire ($9.65) annually for each orphan
under 18 years of age beyond the number of four.
If the widow for any reason lives apart from any or all of the chil
dren, the pension is divided, one-half going to the widow and the
other half being divided equally among all the children who have the
right to it, except that in case there is only one child he receives onefourth. In case of the division between the widow and children the
50 lire ($9.65) increase goes wholly to the children.
If the widow is unable to obtain the pension because her marriage
during the soldier’s term of service was not authorized according to the
requirements of the military authorities, the legitimate children re^ceive it; provided the marriage was contracted before the time of the
wounds or disease leading to the father’s death—or the legitimated
children if born before the same time.
Provision for illegitimate children legally recognized is made under
the following conditions: In absence of others having claim to the
pension, illegitimate children may receive the full amount; in pres
ence of the widow or of legitimate or legitimated children of the
soldier, they are considered as orphans, of a previous marriage and
receive the same share in the allowance as any other child. In case,
however, of the division of the pension spoken of above, the share of
each is decreased one-fifth, this amount being added to the share of
the other participants, whose normal share is decreased by the pres
ence of the illegitimates. When parents or brothers or unmarried
sisters under age have a competitive claim to the pension the pension
is divided in halves between them and the illegitimates. To acquire
the right to a pension, illegitimate children must have been acknowl
edged by the soldier 90 days before the conclusion of peace.
In absence of widow or orphans, ascendants and collateral relatives
have a claim to the full pension if the soldier has been their necessary
and chief support. The father receives the pension if he is a widower,
or blind, or 50 years old, or incapable of wage earning! and also if,
even after the soldier’s death, he becomes destitute through no fault
of his own within a period of five years. The mother under the same
conditions may receive it, even if she becomes a widow within a period
of five years after the soldier’s death. If she lived separated from her
husband by no fault of her own and received no support from him, she
may receive the.full amount of the pension, provided her other circum
stances entitle her to it. If the father, however, has also the legal
requirements for the pension, it will be divided equally between them.
In case of her remarriage the mother ceases to receive the pension.
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166
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF
Even the mother of an illegitimate son, if unmarried and satisfying
the other condition of dependence, may receive in the event of the
son’s death the full amount of the pension. For the purpose of the
pension, however, she must legally have recognized the son before
November 12,1916. In case the father, through a penal sentence, has
suffered loss or suspension of the pension, the mother receives twothirds of the amount.
Orphan brothers and unmarried sisters in the absence of other
claimants, if under 18 and dependent on the soldier, may also receive
the full amount of the pension.
The family of a soldier dying in captivity from injuries incurred in
service receive the full pension; if cause of service is unproved, twothirds of the pension, unless their right to it is disproved, or unless, in
the judgment of the Court of Accounts, the ordinary allowance is more
favorable. The family of a soldier declared missing in the absence
of news from him for four months is granted a pension to the same
amount and by the same rules as the family of a soldier dying in
captivity.
The decree of the lieutenant general of March 15, 1917,1 provides
a food allowance for indigent parents of a soldier dead or missing.
By far the largest dependent’s pension granted is given to the
widow and children of any Italian executed for political reasons during
the war at the hands of the Austro-Hungarian Government. The
widow receives 1,800 lire ($347.40), and each child up to 21 years of
age 600 lire ($115.80). The law establishing this pension is of special
interest as having first introduced into the Italian legislation the
principle of the sliding scale of pensions in accordance with the size
of the family, which was later confirmed and incorporated in the new
pension laws.
In case of her remarriage, the widow forfeits her pension but
receives a lump sum equal to four yearly payments of the pension, if
she is not above 35 years of age and if there are no orphans. She may
otherwise, if she is not above 50 years of age, receive a lump sum equal
to three yearly payments.
Pensions to all children cease as they become of age and pensions
to daughters at their marriage.
The annual increase of 50 lire ($9.65) for each child beyond two or
each full orphan beyond four is reduced or ceases as the number of
persons entitled is reduced by the children’s coming of age, by mar
riage (in the case of a girl), by death, etc.
When it is learned after payment of a pension to parents that these
parents have other sources of income which enable them to provide
1 Giomale Militare Ufficiale, No. 261, Apr. 13,1917.
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MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
167
at least in part for their own support, the pension is reduced by onethird, one-half, or two-thirds, or canceled, according to the amount
of the ascertained income. In like manner if the parents from a state
of indigence come into circumstances which would not justify the
claim to a pension, the pension is reduced as above or revoked. The
same conditions of reduction or forfeiture apply to orphan brothers
and sisters.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
168
governm ental
Schedule
p r o v is io n s
fo r
m em bers
of
58.—Italy. Pensions to widows and other dependents of officers hilled
[Based on law of Feb. 21, 1895, N o. 70, codified te x t (Codici e Leggi U suali d ’Italia, V oi. n ,p p . 2693, fl.
general, Sept. 7,1916, No. 1185 (G azz.U ff. Sept. 22,1916); decree of th e lieutenant general, N ov. 12,1916i
June 7,1917).)
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in lire; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.)
Deceased.
Lieu Major
Colonel.
tenant general.
general.
Beneficiaries.
Stipulations.
Vice
admi
ral.
Pensionable salary.
W idow and orphans:
W id ow 1...........----------W idow and one child........ If marriage was authorized according to th e
requirements of th e m ilitary authorities.2
W idow and tw o children..
Each additional child.3 4
F ull orphans-to number
of four.
Each additional orphan.3
Illegitimate children
If under 18 years of age.
If under 18 years of age and (in case of
daughters) unmarried.
Rear Captain
admi of war
ship.
ral.
8,000
12,000 10,000
(2,316) (1,930) (1,544)
3.200
4.000
4.000
(772.00) (772.00) (617.60)
3.200
4.000
4.000
(772.00) (772.00) (617.60)
3.200
4.000
4.000
(772.00) (772.00) (617.60)
50
(9.65)
50
(9.65)
50
(9.65)
3,200
4,000
4,000
(772.00) (772.00) (617.60)
50
50
50
(9.65) (9.65) (9.65)
If legally recognized:5
a. In absent» of others having claim...........
3,200
4.000
4.000
(772.00) (772.00) (617.60)
1,600
2.000
2.000
b. In competition w ith parents or brothers
(386.00) (386.00) (308.80)
or unmarried sisters under age.6
1 On remarriage widow forfeits pension but receives a lum p sum equal to four yearly paym ents of pension
if she is not above 35 and there are no orphans. Otherwise widow m ay receive lum p sum equal to three
yearly paym ents if she is not above 50 years of age.
. . .
.
2 If widow is unable to obtain pension because her marriage was not authorized as requiredby th e military
authorities (a; the legitim ate children receive pension if marriage was contracted before tim e of wounds
or disease leading to father’s death, (6) th e legitim ated children bom before said tim e.
3 The increase ceases or is reduced b y degrees to nothing as th e number of children on th e base of which
pension is liquidated is reduced b y children’s reaching 18, marriage, death, etc.
* Law of Feb. 21, 1895, N o. 70 (codified te x t), art. 106. W hen the widow for any reason lives apart from
any or all of th e children of her own or of a former marriage of th e soldier, she receives one-half th e indem nity
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MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
169
in war, dying of injuries incurred in service, dying in captivity, or missing.
Milan , Hoepli, 1905);j a w of June 23, 1912, N o. 667 (Gazz. Uff. July 5,1912); decree of the lieutenant
N o. 1598 (Gazz. Uff. N ov. 28, 1916); decree of th e lieutenant general, H ay 20, 1917, N o. 876 (Gazz. Uff.
[A m ounts outside of parentheses are in lire; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
Deceased—Continued.
Lieutenant
colonel.
Major.
Captain.
After 10
Less
Less years in
Less
After 5 than
5 After 5 than 5 grade After 5 than 5
years in years
in years in years in or 25 years in years in
grade.
grade.
grade.
grade.
grade. years’
grade.
service
Captain of
frigate.
After 5
years.
7,000
(1,351)
2,800
(540.40)
2,800
(540.40)
2,800
(540.40)
50
(9.65)
2,800
(540.40)
50
(9.65)
Less
than 5
years.
Captainof
corvette.
After 5
years.
Less
than 5
years.
Lieutenant of warship.
After
10
years.
Less
After 5 than
years. years.5
Sub
lieu
tenant.
Lieutenant.
After 10
After years in
15
grade
yearsin or 25
grade. years’
service.
After 5 Less
years in than 5
grade, years in
grade.
Sublieutenant of warship.
After
15
years.
After
10
years.
Mid
ship
man.
L ess
After 5
years. than 5
years.
6,000
5,500
5.000
4,800
4,400
4,000
3,600
3,400
2,800
(1,158) (1,060.50) (965.00) (926.40) (849.20) (772.00) (694.80) (656.20) (540.40)
2.400 . 2,200
2.000
2,040
1,880
1,720
1,560
1.480
1.240
(463.20) (424.60) (386.00) (393.72) (362.84) (330.96) (301.08) (285.64) (238.32)
2.400
2,200
2,000
2.040
1,880
1.720
1.560
1.480
1.240
(463.20) (424i 60) (386.00) (393.72) (362.84) (330.96) (301.08) (285.64) (238.32)
2.400
2,200
2,000
2.040
1,880
1.720
1.560
1.480
1.240
(463.20) (424.60) (386.00) (393.72) (362.84) (330.96) (30L08) (285.64) (238.32)
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50.
50
(9.65)
(9.65)
(9.65) (9.65) (9.65) (9.65) (2- 65) (9.65) (9.65)
2.400
2,200
2,000
2.040
1,880
1.720
1.560
1.480
1.240
(463.20) (424.60) (386.00) (393.72) (362.84) (330.96) (301.08) (285.64) (238.32)
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
50
(9.65)
(9.65)
(9.65) (9.65) (9.65) (9.65) (9.65) (9.65) (9.65)
2,400
2,000
(463.20) (386.00)
1.080
1,500
(208.44) (289. 50)
1.080 I 1,500
(2Ò8. 44) (289. 50)
1.080 I 1, 500
(208.44) (289.50)
50
(9.65)
50
(9.65)
1,080
1,500
(208.44); (289. 50)
50
50
(9.65) (9.65)
2,800
2,400
2,200
2,000
2,040
1,880 1,720
1,560
1,480
1,240
1,080
1,500
(540.40) (463.20) (424.60) (386.00) (393.72) (362.84) (330.96) (301.08) (285.64) (23& 32)' (208.44) (289.50)
1,400
1,200
1,100
1,000
1,020
940
860
780
740
620 |
540
750
(270.20) (231.60) (212.30)1 (193. 00) (196.86) (308.80) ,(165.98) 1(150.54) (142.82) (119.66)1(104.22),,_____
(144.75)|
or the widow’s pension. The other half shall be divided in equal parts among all the children of the dead
soldier who are entitled to it. If there is but one child that child receives one-fourth of th e indem nitv or
the widow’s pension.
i * T? require right to pension illegitim ate children m ust have been acknowledged b y the officer not
later than 90 days before the conclusion of peace.
?
« In competition w ith the widow or w ith the legitim ate or legitim ated children of the deceased, ille
gitim ate children are considered as orphans of a previous marriage. In case of the division of th e pension
(see footnote 4) the share of each one of the illegitimates is reduced b y one-fifth, th is am ount going to in
crease the shares of the other participants.
-—
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170
governmental provisions for members of
S c h e d u l e 5 8 .— Italy.
Pensions to widows and other dependents of officers hilled in
Deceased.
Lieu
tenant Major Colonel.
general. general.
Stipulations.
Beneficiaries.
Vice
admi
ral.
In absence of w id o w
B ear Captain
admi of war
ship.
ral.
or
orphans:
Father1..................... ^
Mother1. ................... ..........
4,000
3,200
4,000
If widowed, blind, 50 years old, or incapable
of profitable work, or w ithin 5 years of son’s (772.00) (772; 00) (617.60);
death becoming destitute, not by his own
fault.
3,200
4,000
4,000
Under same conditions, even if she becomes
(772.00) (772.00) (617.60)
widowed w ithin 5 years of son’s death.
4,000
3,200
4,000
Living separated from father not b y her own
fault, arid receiving no support from him, if (772.00) (772.00) (617.60)
50 years old, blind, or incapable of profitable
work a t son’s death.2
3,200
4,000
4,000
Of illegitim ate son, legally recognized b y her
before N ov. 12,1916, if mother is unmarried, (772.00) (772.00) (617.60)
•blind, 50 years old, or incapable of profitable
work. :
2,133,
2,667
2,667
If father through a penal sentence suffers loss
(534.53) (534.53) (411.67)
:or suspension of trie pension.3
Orphan brothers
sisters.
and
F am ily .........................................
If under age and (in case of sisters) unmarried.1
3,200
4,000
4,000
(772.00) (772.00) (617.60)
If officer dies in captivity:
a. Because of injuries in service..................
b.
3,200
4,000
4,000
(772.00) (772.00) (617.60)
2,667
2,133
2,667
If cause of death unproved®....................
(534.53) (534.53) (411.67)
1 M aximum amount. For reductions see pp. 166-167.
_
.
2 If however, father has legal requirements for obtaining pension, it w ill be divided in equal parts be
tw een the parents. In case of re m arriage th e mother ceases to receive the pension.
* Temporary allowance. A t father’s death mother receives full pension.
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MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS,
171
war, dying of injuries incurred in service, dying in captivity, or missing—Continued.
Deceased—Continued.
Lieutenant
colonel.
Major.
Captain.
Lieutenant.
Sub
lieu
tenant.
After 10
After 10
Less
Less yearsin
Less
After years in
Less
After 5 than
After 5 than
After 5 than
5
5
grade
5
15
grade After 5 than 5
years in years in years in years in or 25 years in
years in years in or 25 years in years in
grade.
grade.
grade.
grade. years'
grade.
grade. grade. years' grade. grade.
service.
service.
Captain of
frigate.
After 5
years.
Less
than 5
years.
Captain of
corvette.
After 5
years.
Less
than 5
years.
Lieutenant of warship.
After
10
years.
Less
After 5 than
years. years.5
Sublieutenant of warship.
After
15
years.
After
10
years.
Mid
ship
man.
L ess
After 5
years. than 5
years.
2,200
2,000
2,040
2,800
1,880
2,400
1,720
1,560
1,480
1,240
1,080
1,500
(540.40) (463.20) (484.60) (386.00) (393.72) (362.84) (330.96) (308.08) (285.64) (238.32) (208.44) (289.50)
2,200
2,800
2,000
2,040
2.400
1,880
1,720
1,560
1,480
1,240
1,080
1,500
(540.40) (463.20) (484.60) (386.00) (393.72) (362.84) (330.96) (308.08) (285.64) (238.32) (208.44) (289.50)
2.800
2,200
2,000
2,400
2,040
1,880
1,720 - 1,560
1,480
1,240
1,080
1,500
(540.40) (463.20) (484.60) (386.00) (393.72) (362.84) (330.96) (308.08) (285.64) (238.32) (208.44) (289.50)
2,200
2,800
2,400
2,000
2,040
1,880
1,720
1,560
1,480
1,240
1,080
1,500
(540.40) (463.20) (484.60) (386.00) (393.72) (363.84) (330.96) (308.08) (285.64) (238.32) (208.44) (289.50)
1,867
1,600
1,467
1,333
1,360
1,253
1,147
1,040
987
827
720
1,000
(364.53) (308.80) (284.96) (257.27) (262.48) (241.83) (221.37) <200.72) (190.49) (159.61) (138.96) (193.00)
2,800
2,400
2,200
2,000
2,040
1,880
1,720
1,560
1,480
1,240
1,080
1,500
(540.40) (463.20) (484.60) (386.00) (393.72) (363. 84) (330.96) (308.08) (285. 64) (238.32) (208. 44) (289.50)
2,800
2,400
2,200
2,000
2,040
1,880
1,720
1,560 1 1,480
1,240
1,080
1,500
(540.40) (463.20) (484.60) (386.00) (393. 72) (363.84) (330.96) (308.08) (285.64) (238.32) (208. 44) (289.50)
1,867
1,630
1,467
1,333
1,360
1,253
1,147
1,040 j
987
827
720
1,000
(364.53) (308.80) (284.96) (257.27) (262.48) (241. 83) (221.37) (200. 72) (190. 49) (159.61) (138. 96) (193.00)
* If officer has been th eir n ecessa ry and chief support.
6 Fam ily may receive ordinary allowance if this is more favorable.
sion is reckoned as if he had died in captivity.
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If officer is declared missing, pen»
S c h ed u l e 59 —Italy.
Pensions to widows and other dependents of noncommissioned officers and other enlisted men hilled in war, dying o f injuries
incurred in service, dying in captivity, or missing.1
(The dependent’s pension is in general one-half the privileged disability pension w ith changes and exceptions as indicated in the table.)
Amounts allowed annually to dependents according to grade
of deceased. (For equivalent grades, see Schedule 57, p. 162.)
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
Army.
Beneficiaries.
Stipulations.
Marshal,
etc.
Quarter
Corporal
master
major, etc.
major, etc.
Soldier,
etc.
Navy.
Second
Subboat
Boatswain, boatswain,
swain, etc.
etc.
etc.
W idow and children:
W idow,*8 or widow and 1 child under 18, or widow
and 2 children under 18.
Each additional ch ild 8 8. .................................................
If marriage has been authorized according to the require
ments of the military authorities.4
If under 18 years of age....................... .................................. ....
Full orphans to number of 4...........................................
If under age, and, in case of daughters, unmarried............-
Each additional orphan6.................................................
If under 18 years of age................................................................
Illegitimate children..................... ..........................................
If legally recognized:..7
а. In absence of others having c la im .............................
б. In competition w ith the widow or w ith the legiti
mate or legitimated children of the soldier.
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Selected
seaman,
etc.
1.500
(289.50)
50
(9.65)
1.500
(289.50)
50
(9.65)
1,120
(216.16)
50
(9.65)
1,120
(216.16)
50
(9.65)
840
(162.12)
50
(9.65)
840
(162.12)
50
t (9.65)
630
(121.59)
50
(9.65)
630
(121.59)
50
(9.65)
1.500
(289.50)
1,120
(216.16)
(8)
840
(162.12)
630
(121.59)
(8)
(8)
( 8)
Shipboy,
etc.
533
(102.87)
50
(9.65)
533
(102.87)
50
(9.65)
.
( 102. 87)
(8)
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF
of Feb 21 1895 N o 70 codified t e x t (Codici e leggi Usuali d’Italia, Voi. II, p p . 2693, ff, Milan, Hoepli, 1905); law of J ^ e 23,1912, N o . 667 (Gazz. Uff. Julv 5, 1912);
[Sources: Law of the lieutenant general^No”? 12,1916, No. 1598 (Gazz. Uff. Nov. 28,1916); decree of the lieutenant general, May 20,1917, No. 876 (Gazz. Uff. June 7,1917).]
decree
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in lire; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
Other dependents (in absence of widow and orphans),
if soldier has been their necessary and chief support:9
Father10.......................................................
Mother10.
750
(144.75)
560
(108.08)
420
(81.06)
315
(60.80)
266:50
(51.43)
If widowed, blind, 50 years old, or incapable of wage
earning, or w ithin 5 years of son’s death becoming des
titute not b y his cfWn fault.
Under same conditions, and even if she becomes widowed
w ithin 5 years of her son’s death.
Living separated from father not b y her own fault, and re
ceiving no support from him , if 50 years old, blind, or in
capable of wage-earning at date of son’s death.11
Of illegitimate son, legally recognized b y her before No
vember 12, 1916, if mother is unmarried, blind, 50 years
old, or incapable of wage earning.
If father through penal sentence suffers loss or suspension
of pension.
If under age, and, in case of sisters, unmarried..........
1,500
(289.50)
1,120
(216.16)
840
(162.12)
630
(121.59)
533
(102.87)
1,500
(289.50)
. 1,500
(289.50)
1,120
(216.16)
1,120
(216.16)
840
(162.12)
840
(162.12)
630
(121.59)
630
(121.59)
533
(102.87)
533
(102.87)
1,500
(289.50)
1,120
(216.16)
840
(162.12)
630
(121.59)
(102.87)
1,000
(193.00)
1,500
(289.50)
747
(144.17)
1,120
(216.16)
560
(108.08)
840
(162.12)
420
(81.06)
630
(121.59)
355
(68.52)
533
(102.87)
’
„ ’ _?®R™d+en*s+?f-a-,sol<?i5 -dying ?n captivity from injuries incurred in service receive the full pension. If connection between his death and the service is unproved, the dependth e^ am ^ com ntio^ 1^3
Pension unless the ordinary allowance is judged more favorable. Pensions to dependents of a soldier missing are paid to the same amounts and on
In addition to the military pensions shown on the chart, a provision b y special decree (decree of the lieutenant general, Sept. 7,1916, No. 1185, Gazz. Ufif. Sept. 22 19161 should
ISimg^amj^GovTrnment11118^ Pensl0n
1>800 (8347.40) to the widow and L. 600 (8115.80) to each child under 21 of any Italian citizen executed for political reasons b y the AustroOn remarriage the widow forfeits the pension, but receives a lum p sum equal to 4 yearly paym ents, if she is not above 35 years of age and there are no orphans; otherwise the
widow m ay receive a lum p sum equal to 3 yearly payments if she is not above 50 years of age.
. ’
wi*uau»,
wise m e
8 Law of Feb. 21, 1895, No: 70 (codified tex t), Art. 106.
indem nity
'widow for any reason lives apart from any or all of the children of her own or of a former marriage of the soldier, she receives one-half the widow’s pension or
The other half shall be divided in equal parts among all the children of the dead soldier who have a right to it.
If there is but one child, that child receives one-fourth of the indem nity or the widow’s pension.
4 If the widow is unable to obtain the pension because her marriage during the soldier’s service was not authorized- ,
?• A ?6 jegjtimate children receive pension if marriage was contracted before tim e of wound or disease leading to father’s death or
6. The legitimated children born before said time.
®In case of the division of the pension (see footnote 3), the increase goes w holly to the children,
or b y death,CmOTia|eS eStcr iS reduced b y degrees t0 notMng as the number of children on the basis of w hich the pension is determined is reduced by the children’s reaching 18 years
I
acquire right to pension, illegitimate children must have been acknowledged b y the soldier not later than 90 days before the conclusion of peace.
,0~0
®chlldren hvm g w ith the family are considered as orphans of a previous marriage and share equally w ith the other children. In case of the division of the pension
(see footnote 3), however, the share of each one of the illegitimates is reduced b y one-fifth, this amount going to increase the share of the other participants
{u case.,°! competitive claims of ascendants, collaterals, and illegitimates, half of the pension goes to the-illegitimates and half to the other dependents
w
14 ls a?cermmed after paym ent of pension that parents can provide in part for their own support, pension shall be reduced by one-third or one-half or two-thirds/according to the ascertained income. When amount of latter equals pension, pension is revoked.
WhMi parents from a state of indigence come into circumstances which would have given them no right to a pension, pension is reduced as above or lapses.
If, however, father, has legal requirements for obtaining pension, it is divided in equal parts between the parents. In case of remarriage mother ceases to receive the pension.
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D E P E N D E N T S.
Orphan brothers and sisters.
c. In competition w ith -parents, or brothers and un
married sisters under 18 years of age.
173
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174
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF
During the interval between claim to a pension and its payment,
provision is made for monthly payments on account to the indigent
dependents of deceased soldiers. Grant of these payments is made by
the minister of the treasury if proof is given of the urgent need of the
claimants through loss of their chief and necessary support. Such
payments are granted for a year but under exceptional circumstances
may be extended. They may not amount to more than three-fifths
of the pension presumably due. In the capital of a Province these
payments are made by the local section of the royal treasury and in
other communes by the postal officials.1
OTHER SOURCES OF MAINTENANCE.
The temporary allowance and the renewable allowance given for
a disability of Category IX and for the case where definite decision
can not be made on the seriousness and permanence of a soldier’s
injury, respectively, may revert to the famih^in case of the soldier’s
death according to the apposite articles of the basic pension law.
The temporary allowance, however, can be granted dependents only
for so long as it was originally granted to the soldier.2 For the
continuance to dependents of the extra pay given with the medal
for military valor application must be made to the division of
pensions in the ministry of the treasury.
Sons of officers and soldiers deceased from injuries incurred in
service are given free educational opportunities, board and tuition
in military schools and colleges, and preference for appointments
in the Government service. Special preference is given to «children
of the families most in need. Such share in the pension as a boy
may have who is thus being educated at the Government’s expense,
is transferred to the other children entitled to the pension. All
minor dependents of officers and soldiers under these conditions are
exempt from school taxes.
Daughters of pensioned sailors or daughters pensioned after their
father’s death receive at their marriage, in case they are still under
18, a lump sum as dower equal to one-half the father’s annual pen
sion. Daughters of pensioned marines receive similarly not less than
100 lire ($19.30).3
ADMINISTRATION.
Military pensions, like civil pensions, are paid from a general
pension fund invested in Government securities. To create this fund
all minor pension funds were consolidated, Government appropria
tions were made, and a system of assessment instituted on the sala
ries of all civil and military employees.
i Decree of lieutenant general, N ov. 12,1916, No. 1598, Gazetta Ufficiale, N ov. 28,1916.
* Decree of lieutenant general, May 20,1917, No. 876, Gazzetta Ufficiale, June 7,1917.
a Law of Feb. 21,1895, No. 70, codified tex t, Codici e Leggi Usuali d ’Italia, Milan, Hoepli, 1905.
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M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D E P E N D E N T S.
175
Pensions are paid monthly by the court of accounts, and all claims
must be filed with the general secretary.
It is not surprising that an administration adapted to the regular
course of business in times of peace should have been unable to
meet the strain of the terrific demands of the war. Private effort
responded to the general need, and the Consorzio Laziale di As
sistenza ai Lavoratori, with the assistance of prominent lawyers
and members of Parliament, assumed throughout all Italy the task
of expediting the claims to pensions and their payment. On its
side the Government has made large increases in the force of men
employed and used every effort to make headway through the
enormous amount of business. The formalities of the old procedure
have been to some extent modified in the interest of efficiency; a
decree of April 2, 1916, canceled the obligation to secure a retirement
certificate before obtaining a disability pension or allowance, and a
decree of May 1,1916, further simplified the procedure. In the decree
of November 12, 1916, the limit set for the payment of the individ
ual’s pension is two years.
S c h e d u l e 60. —Italy.
Categories of disability for soldiers mutilated or invalided because
of war or other events of service.1
CATEGORY I.
1. Loss of four limbs, from complete loss to loss of hands and feet only.
2. Loss of three limbs, from complete loss to loss of two hands and one foot.
3. Organic and incurable changes in both eyes, with resulting absolute and perma
nent blindness.
4. Loss of upper limbs, from complete loss to loss of both hands only.
5. Permanent, incurable and serioys changes of mental faculties to the point of
rendering the individual totally incapable of any profitable work, or dangerous to him
self or others.
6. Lesions of the central nervous system (brain aDd spinal marrow) with permanent
consequences serious enough to cause, either singly or together, profound and irre
parable disturbance to the functions most necessary to organic and social life.
7. Loss of both lower limbs (disarticulation or amputation of the thighs).
8. Loss of two limbs, upper and lower on thè same side (disarticulation or amputa
tion of the arm and thigh).
9. Organic and incurable change in one eye, producing its absolute and permanent
blindness, with the visual acuteness of the other eye reduced to the power to count
the fingers at the distance of ordinary short-distance vision.
10. Loss of an upper and lower limb, not on the same side (disarticulation or amputa
tion of arm and thigh).
11. Total loss of one hand and two feet.
12. Total loss of one hand and one foot.
13. Total loss of all the fingers of two hands, or total loss of two thumbs and six or
seven fingers.
14. Total loss of one thumb and eight other fingers.
15. Total loss of five fingers of one hand and of the first two of the other.
16. Total loss of both feet.
i Decree of lieutenant general, May 20,1917, N o. 876, Gazzetta Ufficiale, June 7,1917.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
176
governmental provisions for members of
17.
All other organic or functional infirmities and lesions serious and permanent to
the point of determining absolute incapacity for profitable work.
category i i .
1. Organic and incurable changes in both eyes, with such reduction of the visual
acuteness as scarcely to permit counting of the fingers at the distance of ordinary shortdistance vision.
2 . Organic and incurable change in one eye producing absolute and permanent
blindness with the visual acuteness of the other reduced from one-fiftieth to onetwenty-fifth of normal.
3. Organic, absolute and permanent deafness of both ears.
4. Destruction of the bones of the face, especially of the jawbones, and all other
results of serious injuries to the face or to the mouth, such as to obstruct mastication,
deglutition, or speech, or to cause notable deformities, notwithstanding prostehsis.
5. Permanent, total or nearly total temporo-maxillary anchylosis.
6. Serious and permanent injuries to the respiratory apparatus, or of other organic
apparatus and systems of the body, caused by the action of gas or noxious fumes.
7. All other organic lesions or affections of the larynx, trachea, or lungs, which cause
serious and permanent injury to the respiratory functions.
8. Serious disease of the heart with evident symptoms, or serious and permanent
affections of the pericardium.
9. Lesions and affections of the gastro-enteric canal and its associated glands, with
serious and permanent loss of health.
10. Lesions and affections of the central nervous system (brain and spinal marrow),
producing aphasia or other serious and permanent consequences, but not such as to
reach the degree specified in numbers 5 and 6 of Category I .
11. Immobility of the head, in complete flexion or extension from an incurable
cause, or the total and permanent rigidity or marked and permanent curvature of the
spinal column.
12. Permanent paralysis, of central or peripheral origin, involving muscles or groups
of muscles which regulate the essential functions of life, and from their character and
duration judged incurable.
13. Cachexia and marasmus, resistant to cure.
14. Aneurism of the great arteries of the trunk or neck.
15. Serious and permanent lesions and affections of the hematopoietic organs,
lfi. Serious and permanent lesions and affections of the genito-urinary system.
17. Emasculation (complete loss of penis and testicles).
18. Artificial anus, incontinence of feces, fistula of the rectum and bladder, posterior
urethral fistula, fistula of the liver,-pancreas, spleen, stomach and intestines, if
incurable.
19. Chronic arthritis, which through the number and importance of the joints
affected has seriously diminished the functions of two or more limbs.
20. Loss of the right arm or forearm (disarticulation or amputation to the upper
third of one or thé other).
21. Total loss of six fingers, including both thumbs and index fingers.
22. Total loss of five fingers of the right hand and of two of the last four of the left.
23. Total loss of eight fingers, including or not including one of the thumbs.
24. Total loss of one thigh (disarticulation of the hip.)
25. Mediotarsal or subastralagoid amputation of both feet.
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M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPE N D E N T S.
177
CATEGORY III.
1. Organic and incurable changes in both eyes, such as to reduce the visual acute
ness of both eyes from one-fifthieth to one-twenty-fifth of normal.
2. Organic and incurable changes in one eye producing absolute and permanent
blindness, with the visual acuteness of the other reduced from one-twenty-fifth to
one-twelfth of normal.
3. Permanent and serious labyrinthine vertigo.
4. Loss of the tongue or its serious and permanent injury, such as to interfere mark
edly with speech and deglutition.
5. Loss of or serious and permanent disturbance of speech.
6. Loss of the left upper arm or forearm (disarticulation or amputation to the upper
third of one or'the other).
7. Total loss of the right hand, or total loss of its fingers.
8. Total loss of five fingers on the two hands, including both thumbs.
9. Total loss of five fingers of the left hand and of two of the last four of the right.
10. Total loss of the thumbs and index fingers of both hands.
11. Total loss of one thumb together with that of an index finger, and of four other
fingers on the two hands, the other thumb remaining intact.
12. Total loss of both index fingers and of five other fingers on the two hands,
excluding the thumbs.
13. Loss of one thigh to the upper third.
14. Gomplete ankylosis of the hip or knee, with extreme flexion.
15. Total or almost total loss of the penis.
16. Loss of both testicles.
17. Scars or other serious and permanent results of burns or of other wounds which
notably impair the functions of limbs, organs, or important parts of the body.
CATEGORY IV.
1. Organic and incurable changes in both eyes, such as to reduce the visual acute
ness of both eyes from one-twenty-fifth to one-twelfth of normal.
2. Organic and incurable change in one eye producing its absolute and permanent
blindness, with the visual acuteness of the other eye reduced from one-twelfth to
one-fourth of normal.
3. Total ankylosis of the right shoulder.
4. Loss of the left hand or total loss of its fingers.
5. Total loss of the last four fingers of the right hand or of its first three fingers.
6. Total loss of three fingers on the two hands, including both thumbs.
7. Total loss of one thumb and the two index fingers.
8. Total loss of one of the thumbs and of four other fingers on the two hands, ex
cluding the index fingers and the other thjimb.
9. Total loss of an index finger and of five or six other fingers on the two hands,
excluding the thumbs.
10. Loss of one thigh to the middle third or the lower third.
11. Loss of one leg to the upper third.
12. Permanent results of fracture of principal bones (pseudo-arthroses, much de
formed calluses which notably impair the function of a joint).
CATEGORY V.
1. Organic and incurable changes of both eyes, such as to reduce the visual acute
ness of both from one-twelfth to one-fourth of normal.
2. Organic and incurable changes in one eye producing its absolute and permanent
blindness, with incurable change in the peripheral vision of the other, under the
10735—17---- -12
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178
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
form of a concentric restriction of the visual field, so as to leave unimpaired only the
central zone or the zone nearest the center, or to leave lacunae of such size as to occupy
half of the visual field, or equivalent sectors.
3. Purulent affections of the middle ear (bilateral, or unilateral) of a permanent
nature, accompanied by serious complications, or producing a diminution of the audi
tory functions such as to reduce the distance at which the speaking voice can be heard
to 50 centimeters.
4. Total ankylosis of the left shoulder.
5. Total ankylosis of the right elbow, fully or almost fully extended.
6. Total loss of the thumb and index finger of the right hand.
7. Total loss of the last four fingers of the left hand or of the first three fingers.
8. Total loss of both thumbs.
9. Total loss of one thumb and of three other fingers on the two hands, excluding
the index fingers and the otjier thumb.
10. Total loss of 1 index finger and 4 other fingers, from the 2 hands, excluding
the thumbs and the other index finger.
11. Loss of the 2 last phalanges of 7 or 8 fingers of the 2 hands, excluding the thumbs.
12. Loss of the uncial phalanges of 9 or 10 fingers, or those of 8 fingers, including the
thumbs.
13. Loss of 1 leg to the lower third, or of 1 foot, either by unilateral mediotarsal or
subastragaloid amputation.
14. Tarsometatarsal amputation of both feet.
15. Total loss of the toes, or of 8 or 9 toes, including the great toes.
16. Diseases of the heart without manifest symptoms.
17. Extensive and evident arteriosclerosis.
18. Arterial aneurisms and arteriovenous aneurisms that do not noticeably interfere
with the functions.
19. Tuberculosis of the lungs and all other tuberculous affections of any organs or
apparatus, not sufficiently serious to be equivalent to the disabilities of any of the
categories preceding.
20. Large visceral hernia that, judging by its extent, may be accompanied by
serious and permanent complications.
21. Irreducible dislocation of one of the important articulations, which markedly
impedes the function of the joint.
22. Epilepsy, the attacks of which are not frequent or severe enough to make it
equivalent to the disabilities of any of the preceding categories.
CATEGORY VI.
1. Organic and incurable changes in one eye, producing its absolute and permanent
blindness, with the visual acuteness of the other normal, or reduced from one-fourth
to two-thirds of normal.
*
2. Organic and incurable changes in the peripheral vision in both eyes, under the
form of the concentric restriction of the visual field to such a degree as to leave unim
paired only the central zone, or the zone nearest the center, or under the form of
lacunae of such size as to occupy one-half of the visual field, or equivalent sectors.
3. Total ankylosis of the left elbow in complete or almost complete extension.
4. Total ankylosis of the right elbow in complete or almost complete flexion.
5. Total loss of the first 2 fingers of the left hand.
6. Total loss of 5 fingers on 2 hands, the last 3 of the one and 2 of the last three of
the other.
7. Total loss of 1 of the thumbs, together with that of 2 other fingers on the 2 hands,
excluding the index finger and the other thumb.
8. Total loss of the right thumb, together with the metacarpal bone corresponding,
or together with the total loss of the three last fingers on the same hand.
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M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPE N D E N T S.
179
, 9. Total loss of one of the index fingers and of three other fingers on the 2 hands, ex
cluding the thumbs and the other index finger.
10. Loss of the 2 last phalanges of the last 4 fingers of the right hand or the loss of
the last 2 phalanges of 5 or 6 fingers on the 2 hands, excluding the thumbs.
11. Loss of the uncial phalange of 6 or 7 fingers on the 2 hands, including that of
2 thumbs, or the loss of the uncial phalange of 8 fingers on 2 hands, including that of
1 thumb.
12. Total loss of 6 or 7 toes, including the great toes.
13. Total loss of 8 or 9 toes, including 1 great toe.
14. Nephritis, or its permanent consequences, resistant to cure.
15. Persistent muscular atrophy of peripheral origin and marked degree.
16. Muscular hernia, rupture of muscles or tendons, contractions, retractions, and
adhesions of the muscles, tendons, or apo-neuroses, when by the altered function of the
muscle they cause marked and permanent disturbances of important movements.
CATEGORY VU.
1. Organic and incurable changes in one eye—the other being intact, which reduce
its visual acuteness from one-fiftieth to one-twelfth of normal.
2. Permanent bilateral impairment of hearing, unaccompanied by purulent affec
tions of the middle ear, when the distance to which the speaking voice can be heard
is reduced to 50 centimeters.
3. Deep and extensive injuries to the skull, with loss of the substance of the bone
in its entire thickness, without functional disturbance of the brain.
4. Total ankylosis of the left elbow, in complete or almost complete flexion.
5. Complete ankylosis of the articulation (radiocarpal) of the right hand.
6. Total loss of 4 fingers of the 2 hands, excluding the thumbs and index fingers.
7. Total loss of the last 3 fingers of 1 hand.
8. Total loss of 2 index fingers.
9. Total loss of the right thumb.
10. Total loss of the left thumb, together with that of the metacarpal bone corre
sponding, or of one of the last 3 fingers of the same hand.
11. Total loss of 1 of the index fingers and of 2 other fingers on the 2 hands, exclud
ing the thumb and the other index finger.
12. Loss of the two last phalanges of the index finger, and of those of three other
fingers on the two hands, excluding those of the thumbs, or the loss of the same pha
langes of the last four fingers of the left hand.
13. Loss of the uncial phalanges of three to five fingers on the two hands, including
those of the thumbs.
14. Loss of the uncial phalanges of all the fingers of one hand, or the loss of the
uncial phalanges of six or seven fingers on the two hands, including that of one thumb.
15. Loss of the uncial phalanges of seven or eight fingers on the two hands, excluding
those of the thumbs.
16. Tarsometatarsal amputation of one foot.
17. Total loss of three to five toes, including the two great toes.
18. Total loss of six or seven toes, including one great toe, or of all or of the first four
toes on one foot.
19. Total loss of seven or eight toes, excluding the great toes.
20. Total loss of the two great toes, including the metatarsal bones corresponding.
21. Loss of the two phalanges or the uncial phalange of the two great toes, together
with the loss of the uncial phalanges of five to eight other toes.
22. Complete ankylosis (tibiotarsal) of both feet, without deviation and without
marked impairment of walking.
23. Very large varicose veins, with many large knots, and their results (not merely
the consequences of phlebitis), resistant to cure.
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180
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS EOR MEMBERS OP
CATEGORY VIII.
1. Organic and;incurable changes in one ey&(the other being intact) which reduce
its visual acuteness from
to \ of normal.
2. Organic and incurable changes in the peripheral vision of one eye (the other eye
having normal central and peripheral vision) under the form of concentric restriction
of the visual field to such a degree as to leave unimpaired only the central zone or the
zone nearest the center, or under the form of lacunae of such size as to occupy £ of the
visual field, or equivalent sectors.
3. Scars on the face or on any other part of the body which are extensive, painful,
adherent, or retracted or easily ulcerating, except such as, by their seriousness, are
equivalent to the infirmities of the preceding categories.
4. Results of lesions of the mouth, causing impairments of mastication, deglutition,
and speech, together or separately, but not reaching the degree of Category II, No. 4
or Category III, Nos. 4 and 5.
5. Complete ankylosis (radiocarpal) of the articulation of the left hand.
6. Total loss of three fingers on the two hands, excluding thumbs and index fingers.
7. Total loss of one of the index fingers, and of another finger of the same hand,
excluding the thumb.
8. Total loss of the left thumb.
9. Total loss of the last two phalanges of the index finger together with that of the
last two phalanges of two other fingers of the same hand, excluding the thumb.
10. Total loss of four or five toes, including one great toe, or of the four last toes of
one foot.
11. T o ta l lo ss o f f iv e o r s ix to e s , e x c l u d i n g t h e g r e a t to e s .
12. Loss of one great toe or of its uncial phalange together with the loss of the
uncial phalange of six or eight other toes.
13. Complete tibiotarsal ankylosis of one foot, without deviation and without
marked impairment of walking.
14. Marked contraction (not less than 6 centimeters) of a lower limb.
CATEGORY IX.
1. Organic and incurable changes in both eyes, which reduce their visual acuteness
from i to f of normal.
2. Loss of one of the testicles.
3. Absolute and permanent unilateral deafness.
4. Total loss of two of the last three fingers on one hand, or between the two hands.
5. Total loss of one of the index fingers, accompanied or not by the loss of one of the
last three fingers of the other hand.
6. Loss of the last two phalanges of one of the index fingers, or of those of two other
fingers on the two hands, excluding those of the thumbs and of the other index finger,
or the loss of the same phalanges of the three last fingers of one hand, or of four on the
two hands.
7. Loss of the two last phalanges of the two index fingers.
8. Loss of the uncial phalanges of the two thumbs.
9. Loss of the uncial phalange of one thumb, together with that of the uncial pha
lange of another finger of the hands.
10. Loss of the uncial phalanges of five or six fingers on the two hands, excluding
the thumbs, or of the same phalanges of four fingers on the two hands, including one
index finger.
11. Loss of one great toe and the metatarsal bone corresponding.
12. The total loss of two or three toes on one or on the two feet, including one great
toe (the corresponding metatarsal bone being intact), or the total loss of four toes,
excluding the great toes.
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MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
181
13. Totalloss of the two great toes, accompanied or not by loss of the uncial phalanges
of one or two toes of the same or of the other foot.
14. Loss of one of the great toes, or of the uncial phalanges of the two great toes,
together with the loss of the uncial phalanges of three or four other toes.
15. Total loss of the uncial phalanges of seven or eight toes, excluding the great
toes.
16. Neuroses, resistant to cure, except those that by their seriousness are equiva
lent to the infirmities of the preceding categories.
CATEGORY X .
!• Cicatricial stenosis of the external auricular canal, permanent, bilateral or
unilateral, or the total loss, bilateral or unilateral, of the auricle, or other permanent
lesions of the auricle which constitute marked deformity.
2. Total loss of a little finger.
3. Total loss of the two last phalanges of two fingers, on one or both hands, exclud
ing those of the thumbs and index fingers.
4. Loss of the uncial phalange of one thumb,
5. Loss of the uncial phalanges of the index fingers, or the loss of the uncial pha
langes of four fingers on the two hands, excluding the thumbs and index fingers.
6. Loss of the uncial phalanges of two or three of the last four fingers on the two
hands, including, or not including, that of an index finger.
7. Total loss of two or three toes on the two feet, excluding the great toes.
8. Total loss of one of the great toes, or of the uncial phalanges of both great toes,
accompanied or not accompanied by the loss of the uncial phalanges of one or two
others of the four last toes.
9. Loss of the two phalanges of a great toe or of its uncial phalange, together with
the loss of the uncial phalanges of four or five other toes on the two feet.
10. Total loss of the uncial phalanges of five or six toes, excluding the great toes.
REFERENCES.
Gazzetta Uffieiale. Tipografía delle Mantellate. Rome.
Ministero della Guerra. Giornale Militare Uffieiale. Rome.
Ministero della Marina. Giornale Uffieiale della Marina. Rome.
Ministero di Agricoltura, Industria e Commercio. Annali del
Crédito e della Previdenza. Prowedimenti in materia di economia
e di finanza emanati in Italia in seguito alia guerra Europea. Series
II, yol. 10, parts 1, 2, 3. Rome.
Collezione Celerífera delle Leggi, Decreti, Istruzioni e Circolari.
Stamperia Reale. Rome.
Raccolta Uffieiale delle Leggi e dei Decreti del Regno dTtalia.
Rome.
Codici e Leggi Usuali dTtalia. Milan, Hoepli.
Bonomi, Iyanoe. Le Pensioni di Guerra. Nuova Antologia,
June 1, 1916.
Fuschini, G. Pensioni Civili e Pensioni di Guerra. Nuova Antolo
gia, June 1, 1916.
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182
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
N E T H E R L A N D S .1
INTRODUCTION.
Disability and service pensions and separation allowances are
features of the Dutch defense acts, as are also pensions to the sur
vivors of deceased and pensioned soldiers and sailors of all ranks.
The present separation allowance is 2 florins (80.4 cents) a day
maximum for the period of the war; it is based on the earning ca
pacity of the enlisted man, and is not necessarily related to the
number of dependents. Disability pensions are for loss of military
capacity as well as for loss of civil earning capacity; they vary with
the grade of rank and are noncontributory, being paid from State
funds. Pensions to survivors are, on the other hand, partially con
tributory, the assessments upon those likely to have dependents
being in proportion to the pension of the particular grade of rank in
case of the enlisted man in the Army and of the wage class in the
Navy. (See page 188.) Widows and children only are specifically
mentioned as dependents; the amounts paid them are in proportion
to their number; and to entitle them to a pension the deceased must
have died in discharge of official duties or from wounds in war or
service, and within a year of the injury causing death.
Separate laws, not discussed in this summary, are applicable to
men in the colonial service and to their widows and children.
SEPARATION ALLOWANCES.
Separation allowances are paid to families of those called into
training in the reserves and to volunteers in the militia; as wage
earners with families dependent upon them are not drafted into
the militia there is no question of separation allowances for
drafted men. The allowances are in the nature of bonuses to the
family of the soldier or sailor to compensate for his loss of earnings.
The maximum fixed by law is the same for each family, but the
minister of war exercises discretion below that limit in fixing the
amounts, having regard to the differences in the cost of living in
different localities and the earning capacity of the man before enlist
ment. Thus it is provided in the laws that the amount to any family
shall not exceed the difference between the earnings contributed by
the man to the support of the family and the amount necessary for
hi3 own support. The allowances are not a matter of right, auto
matically payable, but rest upon the fact of dependence and need.
As a matter of fact the maximums fixed by law have been paid only
in a small proportion of the cases. I t should be noted that the
amounts have been increased since mobilization upon the outbreak
of the European war. Prior to the war the maximum ranged from
1 florin (40.2 cents) per day to 2 florins (80.4 cents), depending on
1
The material on the Netherlands was prepared by Mr. Leifur Magnusson.
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M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPE N D E N T S.
183
the class of service; but for the period of the war the maximum has
recently been fixed at 2 florins (80.4 cents) a day for all classes of
service.1
The separation allowances are administered by the war and navy
departments each in their own sphere; but direct payment takes
place through the mayors of communes. The laws being general in
their terms, numerous decrees and circulars of the departments
define the scope of the allowances.
While the mayors make the payments of allowances as having the
best access to first-hand information about the dependents in any
case, it was found soon after the war broke out that dissimilarities
of administration were creeping in. The minister of war was inter
pellated on the subject in Parliament on December 15, 1914,2 and
then promised to use the services of the recently organized commit
tees on relief in the different Provinces; two weeks later he directed
that consideration should be given to differences in the cost of living
in different cities in the fixing of the amounts paid.3 On March 12,
1915, the minister of marine also directed the relief committees to
pay the allowances to the dependents of sailors.4
The separation allowances have been less than the maxima usually
fixed by law. In Amsterdam, for example, in October, 1915, the
average weekly allowance per man granted to 2,593 mobilized men
was 8.47 florins ($3.40); the probable weekly earnings could be esti
mated at 18.90 florins ($7.60),5 a difference of 10.43 florins ($4.20)
between the amount of the possible earnings and the separation
allowance.5
At the beginning of the war private relief was necessary to supple
ment the allowances.® This relief was supplied by the Royal Na
tional Relief Committee (Kon. Nationaal Steuncomite), organized on
the initiative of the Queen, August 6, 1914,7 and composed of repre
sentatives of various social reform and labor organizations. I t was
created to coordinate private relief work, and is itself a voluntary
privately supported charitable association, although subsidized8 from
time to time by the Government; its secretary is a minister of state.
Relief work of a general character and affecting all wage earners has
been much extended during mobilization. The national and local
councils of labor—which are official bodies—-have urged employers to
pay wages to those of their employees who are called into service,9and
the Dutch federation of brewers among others has passed a resolution
1 Law of June 27,1916, Staatsblad No. 293.
2 Maandschrift van het Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, The Hague, 1916, vol. 10, p. d.
2 Idem , p. 117.
♦ Idem , p. 405.
6 Kon. Nationaal Steuncomite 1914: Voornaamste bescheiden, The Hague, 1915, vol. 7, p. 45.
»Idem , 1917, vol. 9, pp. 55, 56.
* Maandschrift van het Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, The Hague, 1914, vol. 9, p. 626.
»Idem , 1914, vol. 9, pp. 844, 845.
»Idem , 1914, vol. 9, p . 661.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
184
governm ental
p r o v is io n s
fo r
m em bers
of
to pay its men in service who hold no commission three-fourths pay
less any amounts the Government may contribute. Wages of State
employees called to arms have been continued for not exceeding
eight and one-half months a year while in service.1 Other instances
may be cited, for a cursory examination of the journal of the Dutch
statistical office (Maandschrift van het Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek) shows among other things that since the outbreak of the war
unemployment benefits have been extended in their scope; that cost
of living bonuses have been paid to families in need; that the State
on occasion has fixed maximum prices of certain of the more impor
tant necessities; and that export embargoes have been invoked, all
in the attempt to offset the burden of high prices faffing upon the
wage earner.
Finally, wives of those in the militia who are themselves wage
earners will be protected by compulsory sickness insurance, which
grants benefits for care in cases of confinement or of miscarriage.
This law, enacted June 5, 1913 (Staatsblad 203), but not yet in force
so far as known, will grant benefits of 70 per cent of the daily wages,
beginning with the first day of illness and cover a period not exceed
ing six months. Benefits are refused, however, if the pregnancy
occurred earlier than six months before insurance was taken out,
or if the miscarriage took place within six months of the beginning
of the insurance. The benefits are raised by contributions, half
from the employer and half from the employee; the half share of
each wage earner insured ranging from 0.25 florins (10.1 cents) per
month to 2 florins (80.4 cents) per month, according to his earnings.
The highest class of wage earners included under this system of
benefits receive 3.50 florins ($1.41) a day; the lowest wage recognized
is 70 centimes (28.14 cents) a day, and those below that grade may be
exempted from taking out the insurance.
RETIREMENT PENSIONS AND PENSIONS FOR DISABILITY.2
Disability and long-service-pensions are paid to all officers and
enlisted personnel in both Army and Navy for wounds or injuries
in service involving loss of military capacity or earning power or for
continued years of service. The basic pension acts at present in force
were passed on June 9,1902, and have since been frequently amended;
they were codified in a decree of May 10, 1915 (Staatsblad No. 217).
The provisions of an earlier act of March 21,1896 (Staatsblad No. 50),
are still in effect as regards the organization of the pension boards.
The provisions of this pension legislation covering both the land and sea
forces are quite identical in terms, having been enacted and amended
1 Maandschrift van h et Centraal Bureau voor de Statistiek, The Hague, 1915, vol. 10, p. 1019.
2 See Schedule 61, on annual pensions to officers and their widows and children, p. 190, and Schedule 62,
p. 192, on annual pensions to noncommissioned officers and other enlisted men.
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M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D E P E N D E N T S.
185
concurrently from time to time. The laws of 1902 cover, besides
disability and long service of enlisted men and officers, also the matter
of survivors’ pensions to the widows and children of officers, while
the laws of June 29, 1909 (Staatsblad Nos. 202, 203), provide for the
establishment of a special fund for the payment of pensions to the
widows and children of voluntary enlisted men. There is no problem
as to the payment of pensions to the survivors of drafted men, be
cause only those having no dependents are drafted.
Pensions for length of service are granted to officers of the line
m both Army and Navy after 40 years of service; to officers in the
Hospital Corps after 30 years; and to all enlisted men after 30 years,
provided in all cases that officers have reached the age of 50 and
enlisted men the age of 45. Partial pensions for fewer years of service
are also granted as shown in the appended tables.
Disability pensions are paid for loss of military capacity resulting
from wounds in war or from discharge of official duties while training;
and for disability for service from other causes not voluntarily
brought about or the result of gross carelessness.
A full pension” is fixed for each grade of rank, which pension
becomes the basis for computing the amount of the pension for each
degree of disability or loss of earning capacity; this basic pension is
increased by one-half its amount for permanent total loss of earning
capacity accompanied by the loss of two or more limbs or both eyes;
and by one-fourth for permanent total loss of earning capacity
coupled with the loss of one limb. I t becomes the actual amount
paid for total permanent loss of earning capacity, and for completion
of the required years of service upon which service pensions are con
ditioned. Similar amounts, as above for permanent total disability,
are paid for temporary total disability as long as it lasts. The amount
of the basic pension varies from 240 florins ($96.48) a year for the
lowest grade in both Army and Navy up to 600 florins ($241.20) for
the highest grade of noncommissioned officer. The highest pension
in either the Army or the Navy is 3,000 florins ($1,206) a year. The
varying amounts for each grade of rank are set forth in the accom
panying tables.
Three-fourths of the basic pension is paid for partial loss of earning
capacity ; but this amount may be increased according to the years
of service, amounting, in the case of officers to one-fortieth of the
basic pension multiplied by the years of service; and one-thirtieth
in the case of enlisted men.
The service pensions vary with the years of service, but in no case
are they less than one-half of the basic pension of the grade in question.
The pension is granted to officers as of the rank held for the two
years next preceding retirement; but if the particular rank has not
been filled for two consecutive years, then for the rank prior thereto.
If, however, the rank has been filled for six consecutive years prior
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186
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OE
to retirement a bonus is paid (1) to junior lieutenants of the firstclass and captains in the Navy and to captains in the Army, equal
to one-sixth of their basic pension, and (2) to all other officers in
both Army and Navy ranging from the above grades down to that of
corporal, one-tenth of the basic pension. Furthermore, if the rank
for which the pension is granted has been filled for more than six
years, the first group named above are allowed an additional pension
for each year in excess of six—but not reckoning more than 12 years
in the grade—of one-thirty-sixth of their basic pension, and those in
the second group one-sixtieth.
All enlisted men in either Army or Navy who have been in the
service 35 years are granted a supplementary pension of 10 per cent
of their basic pension, and after 40 years of service, 20 per cent.
In counting years of service credit is given for service in different
branches of the defense force, for service in certain civil employments
on public works and fortifications, and in the colonial service. In
the last-named instance double time is reckoned. Service before
the sixteenth year of age is not calculated, nor is time spent on leave
or release from official duties. Where double time is counted certain
flat increases in pensions are allowed; for each year of service counted
double: 75 florins ($30.15) for commissioned officers; 28 florins
($11.26) for engineers and assistant engineers in the Navy; 25 florins
X$10.05) for noncommissioned officers other than corporal; and 15
florins ($6.03) for all other enlisted men.
Among other provisions defining pension rights may be mentioned
that which directs the loss of pension for dishonorable conduct or
discharge; and provision for a temporary pension in certain instances.
PENSIONS TO WIDOWS AND CHILDREN.1
Widows and children of deceased soldiers and sailors and officers,
and of those retired on a pension and dying out of the service, are en
titled to a pension if death has been the result of wounds in war or
injuries in service or discharge of official duties, provided death
occurs within a year of the happening of the injury which caused it.
No provision is made for ascendants or collaterals as dependents.
Those not entitled to a pension are (1) widows or children provided
for from other pension funds, as for instance those of men in the
colonial service; (2) widows married to a discharged officer or soldier
or sailor after his fifty-sixth year; and (3) legitimate or legitimated
children of a marriage contracted after the fifty-sixth year of age
of the discharged or retired party; (4) widows who have married a
discharged man or retired officer; (5) illegitimate children are by
implication excluded from benefits as are (6) children over 18 years
of age and (7) those younger if married.___________ ___ ________
i See Schedule 63, p. 194, on annual pensions to widows and children of noncommissioned officers and
other enlisted men.
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M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
187
The amounts of the pensions for widows and children of commis
sioned officers are flat amounts graded according to the rank of the
deceased and regardless of the number of dependents. The highest
survivors’ pension in either the Army or Navy is l,150florins ($462.30),
paid to the widows and children of a general and a vice admiral.
For enlisted men in the Army the widow’s pension is never in
excess of one-half of the basic pension of the grade of rank of the
deceased; but for the purposes of this calculation the basic pension
of the highest class of enlisted man is never reckoned in excess of
440 florins ($176.88), so that the maximum pension for the widow of
an enlisted man can not exceed 220 florins ($88.44) a year. The
pensions of the widows and children cumulate, and there is added to
the widow’s pension certain proportions of the basic pension of the
deceased subject to the same maximum limitation as above. These
proportions for the children increase with each child up to five.
They are shown in the table following together with the actual
amounts which would be paid to each specified number of children
of a deceased father entitled to the maximum pension of an enlisted
man, or 440 florins ($176.88) as already explained.
Proportion of basic pension and amount of pension of each specified number of children
of the highest rank of enlisted man.
Number of children.
1 c h ild .............................................................
2 children................................................
3 children..........................................................
4 children......................................................
5 or more children................................................
Proportion
of maxi
mum basic
pension,
440 florins,
($176.88).
8/40
11/40
14/40
17/40
20/40
Amount of anuual pension.
88 florins ($35.38).
121 florins ($48.64).
154 florins ($61.91).
187 florins ($75.17).
220 florins ($88.44).
If the widow dies or remarries, or if the children are completely
orphaned, the proportion of the pension of the grade or rank of the
deceased father to which the children would be entitled would be as
follows:
Proportion of basic pension and amount of 'pension paid to each specified number of fully
orphaned children of the highest rank of enlisted man.
Number of children.
1 child......................
2 children...............
3 or more children.
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Proportion
of maxi
mum basic
pension,
440 florins
($176.88).
10/40
15/40
20/40
Am ount of anuual pension.
110 florins ($44.22).
165 florins ($66.33).
220 florins ($88.44).
188
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OP
The examples above are for the maximum possible pension which
survivors of enlisted personnel can receive. As shown by the
appended tables the basic pensions differ between the various grades
of rank, being in some cases as low as 240 florins ($96.48), in which
case the widow’s pension would be 120 florins ($48.24) a year.
The amounts of the basic pensions for different ranks of the enlisted
personnel in the Navy for the purpose of calculating survivors’
pensions are not fixed according to the grade of rank but according
to the wage class of the enlisted man. The different classes grouped
according to monthly wages and the amounts of the corresponding
basic annual pensions are as follows:
I. 65 florins ($26.13) and over, 440 florins ($176.88).
II. 55 florins ($22.11) but less than 65 florins ($26.13"), 400 florins
($160.80).
III. .38 florins ($15.28) but less than 55 florins ($22.11), 360 florins
($144.72).
IV. 28 florins ($11.26) but less than 38 florins ($15.28), 250 florins
($100.50).
V. Less than 28 florins ($11.26), 200 florins ($80.40).
The pensions of widows and children form the same proportion
of the above basic pensions of the different wage classes as they
form of the basic pension of the grade of rank in the Army; but
here the classification is by wages rather than rank. The most
probable reason for this change of basis is that in the Navy so many
of the enlisted men perform occupations common to civil life, and
distinctions thus become occupational rather than military.
The ranks probably included in the first wage class above are warrant
officer, sergeant major, and engineer major; in class II, engineman,
sergeant, and warrant engineman; in class III, fireman of first grade,
and corporal; in class IV, fireman, oiler, and seaman; while in class
V, are included probably only the lowest rank occupations, appren
tices, etc.
MISCELLANEOUS PROVISIONS.
As already noted pensions for disability and long service for both
officers and enlisted personnel are noncontributory; pensions to
survivors of officers are likewise noncontributory; while those for
survivors of enlisted personnel are, partially contributory. Parlia
mentary appropriations supply any deficiencies.
All enlisted men in the Army and Navy who are likely to have
dependents as claimants to a pension are required to contribute
6/100 a year of the basic pension of their grade of rank in the Army
or wage class in the Navy, but not exceeding 26.40 florins ($10.61)
a year; all pensioned soldiers or sailors contribute 3/100 a year, but
not exceeding 13.20 florins ($5.31) a year.
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M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR DEPENDENTS*
189
All pensions are forfeited if not claimed within five years; they
are payable quarterly. They are not subject to seizure for debt other
than debts for necessaries, nor can they be assigned. No provision
is made for lump-sum payments.
The three schedules appended set forth the details of this pension
legislation.
REFERENCES.
Staatsblad van het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, 1896, 1901,
1902, 1909, 1915, 1916, 1917. The Hague, 1897-1917.
Maandschrift van het Centraal Bureau voor de Statistik, 1910 to
date. The Hague, 1910 to date.
Staatsalmanak voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden, 1915. The
Hague, 1914.
Koninklijk Nationaal SteuncomitS, 1914. Yoornaamste Beseheiden. The Hague, 1915-1917. Yols. 5, 7, 8, 9.
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190
S c h ed u l e 61. —Netherlands.
Annual ‘pensions to officers and to their widows and children.
[Source: Laws of June 9, 1902 (Staatsblad 87, 90), and subsequent amendments as codified in the decree of May 10,1915 (Staatsblad 217).]
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in florins; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
Army.
N avy.
Permanent total disability
(total loss of earning ca
Basic
pacity) involving—
pension
of rank
(all pen
sions cal Loss of
culated
Loss of
Other
on this
limb disability
basis). ,limbs or one(125
(basic
botM ^ eS percent pension).
<150 , of base),
per cent
'
of base)
4.500
3.000
General or lieutenant Vice admiral........
(1,206.00) (1,809.00)
general.
4,200
2,800
Bear
admiral.......
Major general....................
(1,125.60) (1,688.40)
3.750
2.500
.Captain.................
Colonel................................
(1,005.00) (1,507.50)
3,450
2,300
Lieutenant
cap
Lieutenant colonel..........
(924.60) (1,386.90)
tain.
3,150
2,100
Major..................................
(844.20) (1,266.30)
2,250
1.500
First
lieuten
ant..
Captain..............................
(603.00) (904.50)
1.500
1.000
J
unior
lieutenant.
First lieutenant...............
(402.00) (603.00)
1,350
900
Second lieutenant........... Ensign.................
(361.80) (542.70)
1,275
850
General superintendent
(341.70) (512.55)
of fortifications.
1,125
750
Superintendent of forti
(301.50) (452.25)
fications, first class.
1,050
700
Superintendentoffortifi(•281.401 (422.10)
c a tio n s , secondclass.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Permanent
partial disability.
3.000
3,750 I
1,507.50) (1,206.00)
2,800
3,500
L, 407.00); (1,125.60)
2.500
3,125
1.256.25) (1,005.00)
2,300
2.875
1,155.75) (924.60)
2,100
2,625
1.055.25) (844.20)
1.500
1.875
(753.75) (603.00) Three-fourths of the
basic pension in
1.000
1,250
creased by 1/40
(502.50) (402.00)
for each year of
900
1,155
service in excess
(464.31) (361.80)
of 10 years.
850
1,063
(427.32) (341.70)
750
938
(377.08) (301.50)
700
875
.(351.75) (281.40)
Service pensions.
Full
(40 years’
service b y
age 50).
Partial.
3.000
(1,206.00)
2,800
(1,125.60)
2.500
(1,005.00)
2,300
(924.60) Equal to 1/40 of
basic pension mul
2,100
tiplied by years
(844.20)
of service, pro
1.500
vided 10 years of
(603.00)
service by age 55
1.000
or 15 years of
(402.00)
service
coupled
900
w ith incapacity
(361.80)
for
military
serv
850
ice. N o pension
(341.70)
less
than
one-half
750
basic pension.
(301.50)
700
(281.40)
Sur
vivors’
pensions
(widows
and
children)
1,150
(462.30)
950
(381.90)
850
(341.70)
750
(301.50)
650
(261.30)
600
(241.20)
450
(180.90)
450
(180.90)
350
(140.70)
300
(120.60)
275
(110.55)
General stipulations.
All pensions: (1) Pension
paid for rank held 2
years prior todischarge;
if not for 2 years, for
prior rank. (2) If rank
filled 6 years at dis
charge, lump sum bo
nus, 1/6 of base pension;
for each year in excess
of 6 years, up to 12 years
in rank, 1/36 of base pen
sion additional.
D isability pensions: (1)
Wounds or disability
in war or in discharge
of official duties; or (2)
other injuries in service;
not voluntarily caused
or result of gross negli
gence.
Survivors’ pensions: (1)
Death of husband in
war or discharge! of
duties; (2) occurrence
governmental provisions for members of
Disability pensions.
Branch of service and grade of rank.
Superintendent of »forti
fications, third class.
Chief engineer.. . .
Assistantengineer
650
(261.30)
750
(301.50)
650
(261.30)
975
(391.95)
1,125
(452.25)
975
(391.95)
813
(326.83)
938
(377.08)
813
(326.83)
650
(261.30)
750
(301.50)
650
(261.30)
650
(261.30)
750
(301.50)
650
(261.30)
1
1
of death within year
of cause; (3) pension
forfeited by remarriage
of widow; (4) children
pensioned to 18th year
or to time of marriage,
, if younger.
M ILITARY FORCES AND T H E IR D E PE N D E N T S
m
250
(100.50)
350
(140. 70)
275
(110.55)
191
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
62.—Netherlands.
Annual disability and service pensions to noncommissioned officers and other enlisted men.
192
S chedule
[Source: Laws of June 9,1902, Staatsblad 87,90, and subsequent amendments as codified in the decree of May 10,1915 (Staatsblad, 217).]
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in florins; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
Permanent total disability
(total loss of earning power).
Army.
N avy.
"Warrant officer...........
Warrant officer........... .
Sergeant major...........
Sergeant major.............
Sergeant; warrant en
gineer.
Corporal; warrant en
gineer.
Hospital orderly.............. Seaman, first and sec
ond class; warrant
engineer.
Private............................... Seaman, third class. ..
Sergeant.......................
Corporal.................
Constabulary:
Warrant officer.........
Sergeant major.......... Engineer.............
Sergeant.....................
Constabulary, first
and second class.
Constabulary, third
class.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Engineer major.
Basic
pension W ith loss
of rank.i of two W ith loss
W ithout
of one
or more
maiming
limb
limbs or
(equals
both eyes (equals
base
125%
(equals
pension).
base
150%
pension).
base
pension).
600
(241.20)
500
(201. 00)
400
(160.80)
300
(120.60)
280
(112.56)
900
(361.80)
750
(301.50)
600
(241.20)
450
(180.90)
420
(168.84)
750
(301.50)
625
(251.25)
500
( 201. 00)
375
(150.75)
350
(140.70)
600
(241.20)
500
( 201. 00)
400
(160.80)
300
(120.60)
280
(112.56)
240
(96.48)
360
(144.72)
300
(120.60)
240
(96.48)
675
(271.35)
600
(241.20)
500
(201. 00)
450
(180.90)
240
(96.48)
1,013
(407.23)
900
(361.80)
750
(301.50)
675
(271.35)
360
(144.72)
844
(339.29)
750
(301.50)
625
(251.25)
563
(226.33)
300
(120.60)
Full pension.
General stipulations.4
Partial
disability.5
Age.
Partial pension.
600
(241.20)
500
( 201. 00)
400
(160.80)
300
(120.60)
280
(112.56)
45
675
(271.35)
600
(241.20)
500 Three-fourths
ofbasicpen( 201. 00)
450
s i o n in *
(180.90) . creased by
one-thirtieth
24Ö
for each year
(96.48)
1
Amount
(equals
basic
pension).
¡1
Equal to onet h i r t i e t h of
basic pension
multiplied by
675
years of service;
(271.35)
provided (o) 10
600
years of service
(241.20)
b y age 55; (6) 15
500
years of service
( 201. 00)
and incapacity
450
to perform m ili
(180.90)
tary duties or,
240
upon termina(96.48)
240
(96.48)
1. W ounds or disability re
ceived in tim e of war or in
discharge of duty; or
2. Other injuries in service
not caused voluntarily or
th e result of gross care
lessness.
3. General incapacity for
military service provided
there have been 10 years of
service at age 50.
4. Pension to noncommis
sioned officer paid for rank
held for tw o years prior to
discharge, but if not held
tw o years, then rank prior
1 thereto.;
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF
Service pensions.8
Disability pensions.
Branch of service and grade of rank.
^ "T
Engineman (sergeant).
10735—17
Engineman (corporal).
Engineman (corporal,
second class).
Fireman (corporal)___
w
Fireman, second class.
Fireman, third class...
Assistant fireman........
Aporentice fireman__
600
(241.20)
540
(217. Q8)
510
(205.02)
. 510
(205.02)
450
(180.90)
450
(180.90)
420
(168.84)
360
(144.72)
360
(144.72)
360
(144. 72)
500
( 201. 00)
450
(180.90)
425
(170.85)
425
(170.85)
375
(150.75)
375
(150.75)
350
(140.70)
300
(120.60)
300
(120.60)
300
(120.60)
400
(160.80)
360
(144.72)
340
(136.68)
340
(136.68)
300
(120.60)
,300
(120.60)
280
(112.56)
240
(96.48)
240
(96.48)
240
(96.48)
of service in
excess of 10
years.
50
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
' 45
l
400
(160.80)
360
(144.72)
340
(136.68)
340
(136.68)
300
(120.60)
300
(120.60)
280
(112.56)
240
(96.48)
240
(96.48)
240
(96.48)
tion of enlist- 5. Noncommissioned officers
m ent
period,
above corporal holding
refusal o f minisrank of discharge 6 years
ter of war to reget lum p sum "bonus of
new same, proone-sixth of basic pension;
vided charges of
others one-tenth; for each
dishonorableconyear additional up to 12 in
duct are not filed.
rank former get additional
No pension less
pension of one-thirty-sixth
than one-half of
of base, latter one-sixtieth.
basic pension.
Grades' of soldier and seaman after 35 years in service
10 per cen t'of base additional, and after 40 years,
20 per'cent each year."
1 All pensions are calculated on the basic pension.
2 Or incapacity as defined in stipulation 3.
3 Thirty years of service required for all enlisted men, except w hen coupled w ith slight disability, in which case general stipulation 3 applies.
4 Stipulations 1 and 2 apply to disability pensions only; 3 ,4 , and 5 apply also to service pensions.
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D E P E N D E N T S.
Fireman oiler................
Fireman, first class___
400
(160.80)
360
(144.72)
340
(136.68)
340
(136.68)
300
(120.60)
300
(120.60)
280
(112.56)
240
(96.48)
240
(96.48)
240
(96.48)
193
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Annual -pensions to widows and children o f noncommissioned officers and other enlisted men.
194
S c h e d u l e 6 3 . —Netherlands.
[Source: Laws of June 9,1902 (Staatsblad 87,90) and subsequent amendments as codified in the decree of May 10,1915 (Staatsblad, 217); laws of June 29, 1909 (Staatsblad, 202, 203).]
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in florins; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
Branch of service and grade of deceased.
Basic
pension W idow.
of rank .1
One
child.
Two
chil
dren.
Three
chil
dren.
Four
chil
dren.
Five or
more chil
dren.
One
child.
Two
chil
dren.
Three or
more chil
dren.
General stipulations.
of basic
of basic £5 of basic fg of basic £§ of basic £f of basic
of basic
\ of basic ^5 of basic
pension. pension. pension. pension. pension. pension. pension. pension. pension.
A rm y (ranks):
W arrant officer..........................................
600
(241.20)
500
(201. 00)
400
Sergeant.......................................................
(160.80)
300
Corporal.......................................................
(120.60)
280
Hospital orderly.......................................
(112.56)
240
(96.48)
Constabulary (ranks):
675
Warrant officer..........................................
(271.35)
600
Sergeant major..........................................
(241.20)
500
Sergeant.......................................................
(201. 00)
450
Constabulary, first and second class...
(180.90)
240
Constabulary, third class.......................
(96.48)
N avy (monthly pay classes):
440
I. 65 florins ($2-6.13) and over (warrant officers^ sergeant major, (176.88)
engineer major).
Sergeant major..........................................
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
220
88
121
(88.44)
(35.38)
(48.64)
220
88
121
(88.44)
(35.38)
80
(32.16)
60
(24.12)
56
(22.51)
48
(19.30)
(48.64)
200
(80.40)
150
(60.30)
140
(56.28)
120
(48.24)
110
(44.22)
CQ
(33.37)
77
(30.95)
66
(26.53)
220
88
121
(88.44)
(35.38)
(48.64)
220
88
121
(88.44)
(35.38)
(48.64)
220
88
121
(88.44)
(35.38)
(48.64)
220
88
121
(88.44)
(35.38)
48
(19.30)
(48.64)
120
(48.24)
66
(26.53)
220
88
121
(88.44)
(35.38)
(48.64)
154
(61.91)
154
(61.91)
140
(56.28)
105
(42.21)
98
(39.40)
84
(33.77)
187
(75.17)
187
(75.17)
170
(68.34)
128
(51.46)
119
(47.84)
154
(61.91)
154
(61.91)
154
(61.91)
154
(61.91)
84
(33.77)
187
(75.17)
187
(75.17)
187
(75.17)
187
(75.17)
102
120
(41.00)
(48.24)
154
(61.91)
■ 187
(75.17)
220
110
(88.44)
(44.22)
220
110
(88.44)
(44.22)
220
110
(88.44)
(44.22)
200
100
(80.40)
150
(60.30)
140
(56.28)
(40.20)
75
(30.15)
70
(28.14)
60
(24.12)
102
120
(41.00)
(48.24)
220
110
(88.44)
(44.22)
220
110
(88.44)
(44.22)
220
110
(88.44)
(44.22)
220
110
(88.44)
(44.22)
60
(24.12)
165
(66.33)
165
(66.33)
150
(60.30)
113
(45.43)
105
(42.21)
90
(36.18)
165
(66.33)
165
(66.33)
165
(66.33)
165
(66.33)
90
(36.18)
165
(66.83)
220
(88.44)
220
(88.44)
200
(80.40)
150
(60.30)
140
(56.28)
120
(48.24)
220
(88.44)
220
(88.44)
220
(88.44)
220
(88.44)
120
(48.24)
220
(88.44)
1 . Death of husband in tim e of
war or while in discharge of
official duties.
2. Occurrence of death within
one year of cause thereof.
[3. Forfeiture of pension upon
remarriage of widow.
4. Termination of pension to
children at completed eight
eenth year, or upon marriage,
if younger.
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
Full orphans and children of
remarried widow.
W idows and children. 2
400
(160.80)
80
(32.16)
(44.22)
140
(56.28)
170
(68.34)
200
100
(80.40)
(80.40)
(40.20)
150
(60.30)
(80.40)
360
(144.72)
180
(72.36)
72
(28.94)
99
(39.80)
126
(50.65)
153
(61.51)
180
(72.36)
90
(36.18)
135
(54.27)
180
(72.36)
250
(100.50)
125
(50.25)
50
(20. 10 )
69
(27.74)
88
(35.38)
107
(43.01)
125
(50.25)
63
(25.32)
94
(37.79)
125
(50.25)
200
100
(40.20)
40
(16.08)
55
(22. 1 1 )
70
(28.14)
85
(34.17)
100
(80.40)
(40.20)
50
(20. 10 )
75
(30.15)
(40.20)
200
110
200
100
1 On this basic pension of the grade of rank of the deceased are computed the amounts of the pensions of the widows and children; but for purpose of calculation the basic
pension never exceeds 440 florins ($176.88).
2 The pension of the widow and that of the children cumulate if both survive.
MILITARY FORCES AND T H E IR D EPE N D E N T S.
II. 55 florins ($22.11) but less than 65
florins (£26.13), including enginemen, sergeant, and warränt engineer.
III. 38 florins ($15.28) but less than
55 florins ($22.11), including
firemen (first) and ranks of
corporal.
IV . 28 florins ($11.25) but less than 38
florins ($15.28), including fire
men, oilers, and seamen.
V . Less than 28 florins ($11.25), ineluding apprentices and low
est-rank occupations.
195
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
1^6
GOVERNM ENTAL PRO VISIO NS FOR M EM BER S OF
R U SSIA .1
SEPARATION ALLOWANCES.2
The separation allowance to an officer’s family consists of (1)
assigned pay—such part of the officer’s salary as he himself m&y
determine, above a minimum fixed by the Government at one-third;
(2) ten rubles (S5.15) per month for servant’s wages; (3) either an
apartment or rent allowance, varying in amount iron 1,692 rubles
($870.69) to 102 rubles ($52.49) according to the rank and duties
of officer; and (4) a gratuity and traveling expenses in case the family
is compelled by military circumstances to leave their place of
residence.
•
In case the officer is taken prisoner one-half of his salary is paid
to his family.
,
,
In the absence of wife and children, families consisting of aged
parents, brothers, and sisters, if they a r e dependent on the officer,
are entitled to the allowance.
, .,
The separation allowance is paid at the end of each month, either
by the Army unit to which the officer belongs, or, in case this is
impracticable, by the local military authorities.
. _
The separation allowances to f amilies of enlisted men, as provided
by the law of June 25, 1912,3 are regulated as follows: Each person
receives each month the cash value of the following products: 68
pounds of flour; 10 pounds of grits; 4 pounds of salt; and 1 pound ol
vegetable oil.4 A child under 5 years of age receives one-hall the
amount. Apparently no allowance is paid to the families of men
serving their required term.5
• _____ ________________ _
1 The Russian material has been prepared b y Miss A nna Kalet.
2 The value of th e ruble used in this report is th at oí normal tim es, nam ely, $0.5146.
exchange value of th e ruble had fallen to $0.2325. Allowances and penswns to o ^
,
1917 th
On July 1 , m ? , tn e
^ ^ ■ ^ 2 5 2 3 2 3 gHSSsst
19»8r«aZakonov R e s s iis io lI m p « » (Codffled Imtm of R ussM , edited
by Dobrovolskll, St. Petersburg,
6 The m onthly pay of an enlisted m an (lowest grade) in tim e of war is 75 kopeks (39 cents) and for a no
commissioned officer (highest grade), 9 rubles ($4.63).
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
197
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D E P E N D E N T S.
S c h e d u l e 64.— R u ssia .
S e p a ra tio n allow an ces to fa m ilie s o f en listed m en .1
[Russian pounds outside parentheses; American pounds inside parentheses.]
Recipients.
Military persons.
Members of families
entitled.
E nlisted m en in Army and
N avy:
1 . Reservists called to war
service.
2. Soldiers compelled on ac
count of war to remain in serv
ice after completing required
term.
3. Members of the m ilitia
and volunteers in active serv
ice.
Wife and children (le
gitimate only); pa
rents, grandparents;
such as were previ
ously supported by
soldier.
Amount.
Remarks.
A monetary allowance Children over 17 re
per capita per month
ceive the allowance
equal to the cost of
only if th ey are inca
the following provis
pacitated; married
ions: 68(61.2)pounds
daughters receive no
flour, 10 (9) pounds
allowance in any
grits, 4 (3.6) pounds
case.
salt, 1 (.9) pound The cost of these prod
vegetable oil. Each
ucts is determined
child under 5 years
for each locality.
old receives half of
this allowance.
1 Summary based on law of June 25,1912, reprinted in Svod Zakonov Rossiiskoi Imperii (Codified Laws
of Russia), edited by D obrovolskii,St. Petersburg, 1913, Vol. H I, supplem ent 56, p. 2714 ff; orders of Aug.
1W 129 i aQd
reprinted in G. V . Severin, Ranenye Ofitzeryi N izhnie Chmy, Petrograd, 1914, pp.
The following members of the family are entitled to the allowance:
Wife and children, parents and grandparents, but only such of these
latter as were previously supported by the soldier. Allowances are
granted to legitimate families only.
The necessary funds are transmitted from the treasury of each
provincial government to the treasuries of the districts into which
the Province is divided, and there given out under receipt to the
representative official of each municipality or township.
PENSIONS.
DISABILITY PENSIONS.
The law of June 23, 1912,1 providing pensions to officers in the
Army was extended on November 3, 1914, to include naval officers.
The pensions are divided into two classes according to the seriousness
of the disability involved. Those of the first class are due to men who
are permanently incapacitated and require the constant care of
another person. For such disability due to war, regardless of the
length of his service, or for such disability incurred in peace time after
25 years of service, the officer receives his salary and in addition the
table money and supplementary allowance drawn by him while in active
service. According to the data for 1913 this pension would vary for
generals from 4,200-rubles ($2,161.32) to 6,000 rubles ($3,087.60); for
colonels and lieutenant colonels from 2,400 rubles ($1,235.04) to 3,900
rubles ($2,006.94); and for the remaining ranks it varies from 720
rubles ($370.51) to 1,740 rubles ($895.40). The pension for this kind
1 Sobranie Uzakonenii i Rasporiajenii Pravitelstva (Collection of Laws and Orders), 1912 2nd semester
No. 1225.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
198
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
of disability incurred in peace after a service of less than 25 years is
60 per cent of the salary.
Pensions of the second class are due to officers also permanently
incapacitated but not requiring the care of another person. If in
capacity occurred in the war after 5 years of active service or less,
60 per cent of salary is paid; ah increase of 2 per cent is made for
each additional year; after 25 years the pension is 100 per cent. In
time of peace, 50 per cent instead of 60 per cent is paid after 5 years,
and 100 per cent only after a service of 30 years.
Application for these pensions must be sent to the commander of
the regiment, or corresponding unit in which the pensioner served.
The pensions are paid from the treasury of each Province.
The officer who becomes ill while serving at the front or who is
wounded receives part of his salary, free hospital treatment, and, if
sent to a hospital outside of the place of his residence, 75 kopeks
(39 cents) daily; if treated at home, he receives from 1 to 2 rubles
(51 cents to $1.02) daily, according to locality. He is also indemnified
for loss of property. On his return to service a traveling allowance
is paid him consisting of fare and 1.50 to 2 rubles (77 cents to $1.02)
daily, according to rank.
Disability pensions to soldiers, determined by the law of June 25,
1912, are very much smaller. For privates, they vary from 216
rubles ($111.15) annually to 30 rubles ($15.44), according to the
degree of incapacity. Beneath the two classes of total incapacity
(100 per cent loss of working power), the first of invalids requiring the
constant care of another person and the second of invalids not
requiring such care, pensions are graded to loss of working power
according as this loss has been from 100 to 70 per cent, 70 to 40
per cent, or 40 to 10 per cent, respectively. For noncommissioned
officers these same classes hold, but they receive the private’s pension
increased by 10 per cent after one year of service and by 20 per cent
after five years of service.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
S c h e d u l e 65.— R u ssia .
P en sio n s f o r enlisted
men.
[Amounts outside parentheses are in rubles; amounts inside parentheses are in dollars.]
Under-Offlcers.
Temporary relief in case of need given on
application.
Assistance from Alexander Committee : 2
1. Wounded of first class 8...................
2 . Wounded of second class 8......................
W ith not
less than
1 year’s
service.
After 5
year’s
service.
Remarks.
Laws.
216
(111. 15)
168
(86.45)
108
(55.58)
216+10%
216+20%
These pensions are granted irrespective of the
personal means of the recipient. They are
determined either for life or according to the
probability of recovered working capacity.
Law of June 25, 1912. Svod Zakonov Rossiiskoi Imperii (Codified Laws of Russia), edited
by Doorovolskii, 1913, Vol. I l l , supplement
56, p. 2714ff.
V
168+10%
168+20%
108+10%
108+20%
66
66+ 10%
66+ 20%
(33.96)
30
30+10%
30+20%
(15.44)
10 to 25 (5.15 to 1 1.87)
240 (123.50)
120 (61.75)
Temporary Orders of A ug. 17 and N ov. 17,
1914. Reprinted in G. V. Severin, Ranenye
Ofitzery i Nizhnie Chiny, Petrograd, 1914, pp.
158 and 166.
This pension is granted on ground of poverty
irrespective of pension from national treas
ury. Only those soldiers are pensioned who
as a result of wounds have incurable defects
or illnesses.
Svod Voennih Postanovlenii (Military Code)
1869. Edition of 1902 and supplem ent of
1907
1 Wounded of first class are soldiers requiring constant care by another person; of the second class those who have lost a limb or are incurably ill, but do not require care of another
son.
'
* Alexander Committee, organized in 1814, constitutes part of the ministry of war.
8Nonrecurrent grants are also given by the committee.
military forces and their dependents .
Pensions for degree of incapacity:
I. Total incapacity requiring constant .
care of another person .1
II. Total incapacity not requiring constant care of another person . 1
III. 70, 100 per cent loss of working
power.
IV . 40, 70 per cent loss of working
power.
V • 10,40 per cent loss of working pow er..
Privates.
199
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
I
200
governm ental
p r o v is io n s
fo r
m em bers
of
Soldiers’ disability pensions are paid at the district treasury offices "
three times a year in advance. At the recipient’s request they may
be paid at the township offices.
In addition to providing disability pensions the Government makes
provision for temporary assistance in case of wounds or illness.1 If
the soldier is unable to continue service, he is given free railway and
steamship transportation home, traveling expenses to a certain daily
amount, and civilian clothing if he has none of his own. In case of
serious injuries the soldier may be given temporary shelter at a
special invalids’ home and, if he needs them, artificial limbs at the
Government’s expense. Temporary relief in case of need may also
be given on application to officers and soldiers under the temporary
orders of August 17 and November 17, 1914. These grants range
from 300 rubles ($154.38) to 25 rubles ($12.87) in the case of officers
and in the case of soldiers from 25 rubles ($12.87) to 10 rubles ($5.15).
Special funds are assigned for this purpose.
An order of July 15, 1916, provides disability pensions to a third
group of persons, namely, skilled workers and common laborers in
all Government workshops and railroads who become incapacitated
in the course of their work, and as a result of enemy action. Tem
porary disability is compensated by one-half of the workman’s
wages; permanent total disability by two-thirds.
PENSIO N S TO WIDOWS AND OTHER D EPEN D EN TS.
Survivors’ pensions, according to the law of June 23, 1912,2 are
paid to the widow and children of officers dying of wounds, killed
in battle, or missing. The widow receives in any case one-half of
the pensionable salary; each child one-sixth. A widow and three or
more children receive the full amount of the officer’s salary. The
pensionable salary—that is, the basis on which the pension is com
puted—consists of the salary proper, the table allowance, and the
supplementary allowance (see Schedule 67, p. 203, for pay of officers).
The sons are entitled to pensions up to the age of 17, the daughters
up to the age of 21; or, in case of each, until entrance into school at
Government expense or into the Government service; also until
marriage, if this takes place before the age of 21, in case of daughters.
An important provision was made in the law of 1916, cited above,
itself amending the law of June 16, 1905, on the care of children of
soldiers killed in the war with Japan.3 I t applies to children of officers
in the Army and Navy and to children of nonmilitary persons of
officers’ rank employed on steamers or serving in the medical,
i Svod Voemuli Postanovlonii (M ilitary Code), 1869, B k. X IX , edition of 1910. Reprinted in G. V .
Severin, Ranenye Ofitzery i N izhnie Chiny (Pensions to Officers and Soldiers), Petrograd, 1914, p. 110.
* See footnote 1 at bottom of p. 197.
8 Sobranie Uzakonenii i Rasporiazhenii Pravitelstva, 1905, otd. 1, 2oe polug., no. 1036, and otd. 1, loe
polug., no. 920.
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M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
201
veterinary, pharmaceutical, and other divisions of the Army or
Navy. To each child up to the age of 6 years an annual pension
of 75 rubles ($38.60) is assigned; from 6 to 10 years, 125 rubles
($64.33); and from 10 to 18 years, 300 to 450 rubles ($154.38 to
$231.57). Up to the age of 10 years a child is entitled to this
pension and also to one-sixth of the deceased officer’s salary spoken
of above. After that age only one of these pensions is given, at the
choice of the mother or guardian.
The law also prescribes special measures for the placing of these
children in educational institutions; upon admission traveling ex
penses are paid; at the time of graduation from high school, 150 rubles
($77.20) are granted if the recipient does not enter a higher institu
tion of learning. The pension may be extended until graduation
from high school, but not after the age of 21.
Pensions to survivors of soldiers, as given in the law of June 25,
1912,1 are much less generous. The widow receives from 84 rubles
to 48 rubles ($43.23 to $24.70) a year according to her husband’s
rank and length of service. A full orphan receives one-half of the
widow’s pension up to the age of 17 years; two receive three-fourths;
three or more receive the full amount.
The law of 1916, already cited, provides assistance for children of
soldiers as well as officers. Each child up to the age of 16 receives
annually 24 rubles ($12.35), 30 rubles ($15.44), or 42 rubles ($21.61),
according to the size of the city; an increase of not over 40 per cent
may be granted to full orphans. At the time of entering school warm
clothing, shoes, and school supplies are provided to the amount of
15 rubles ($7.72). In especially deserving cases an educational
assistance of from 50 rubles ($25.73) to 150 rubles ($77.19) annually
may be granted.
1 See footnote 3 on p. 196.
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Pensions to widows and other dependents of soldiers or sailors hilled in war, dying in consequence of injuries, or missing.
ARM Y A N D N A V Y .
202
S c h ed u l e 06.—Russia.
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in rubles; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]___________________________
Pay (in peace ) 1
Pensions:
W idow.......
W ith 5 years’
service beyond
required term.
W ith 1 year’s
service beyond
required term.
312 to 252
(160.56 to 129.68)
252 to 192
(129.68 to 98.80)
84 (43.23)
60 (30.88)
Privates.
All other
soldiers.
W ith not
less than 5
years’
service
beyond
required
term.
Noncom
missioned
officers or
privates.
60 (30.88)
48(24.70)
Law of June 25, 1912, Svod Zakonov
Rossiiskoi Imperii .(Codified l aws),
edited by Dobrovolskii, 1913, Vol. I ll,
sup. 56, p. 2714 if.
Children—
a. Each child up to 16 years 2 24, 30, or 42 (12.35,15.44, or 21.61) annually according to size
of city.
b. Full orphans under 16 May receive increase of not more than 40 per cent on the
above.
years.2
'May receive warm clothing, shoes, and
school supplies up to 15 rubles ((7.72)
when entering school; in deserving
cases educational assistance, 50 to
[ 150 rubles annually (25.23 to 77.19).
Alternative to b, c. Full orphans
under 17 years2—
1 . If 1 only..............................
3. If 2........................................
2. If 3 or more.........................
orphans, if incapacitated and
IFull
without means,receive pension after
42 (21.61)
63 (32.42)
84 (43.231
30(15.44) I 30 (15.44)
45 (23.16) 45 (23.16)
60 (30.88) I 60 (30.88)
24 (12.35)
36 (18.53)
48 (24.70)
Temporary allowance in case of need,
family.
10 (5.15) to 25 (12.87)
Assistance from Alexander Commit
tee ,3 widow and children; in their
absence, parents.
Annual grants 120 (61.75) to 240 (123.50) in case of poverty,
sickness, or accidents.
Single grants.
Laws.
Remarks.
Law passed about middle of 1916, re
printed in Pravo, no. 29,1916, p. 1675.
Law of June 25, 1912 (see above).
17.
Given on application in case of pov
erty and irrespective of pension from
National Treasury. Amounts given
are determined by the committee.
Temporary orders, Aug. 17 and Nov.
17, 1914. G. V . Severin, Ranenye
Ofitzery i Nizhnie Chiny (Pensions
to Officers and Soldiers), Petrograd,
1914, pp. 158, 166.
1 Figures for October, 1913. Veltzd’s Internationaler Armee-Almanach, 1913-14.
.
2 Pensions given to cinldren under Laws of 1912 and 1916 are not granted simultaneously; the more advantageous pension is accorded.
3 The Alexander Committee, organized in 1814, constitutes part of the ministry of war.
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GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
Noncommissioned officers.
S c h e d u l e 67.— R u ssia .
M ilita ry p a y table.
[Source: Veltzö’s Internationaler Armee-Almanach, 1913-14.]
[Amounts outside of parentheses are in rubles; amounts inside of parentheses are in dollars.]
First class.
Rent.
Full general.......... 2,100
1,692
(1,080.66) (870.70)
1,800
1,512
(926.28) (778.08)
1,500
1,332
(771.90) (685.45)
Colonel................... 1,200
906
(617.52) (466.23)
Lieutenant col 1,080
594
onel.
(555.77) (305.67)
Captain.................
900
426
(163.14) (219.22)
"Stabs” captain.
780
246
(401.39) (126.59)
Lieutenant...........
720
246
(370.51) (126.59)
Second lieuten
660
246
ant.
(339.64) (126.59)
Ensign...................
Lieutenant gen
eral.
Major general___
Stall.
Light
and
fuel.
138
(71.01)
500
(257.30)
(52.49)
84
(43.23)
-84
(43.23)
36
(18.53)
18
(9.26)
62.5
(32.16)
(192.98)
250
(128.65)
200
(102.92)
150
(77.19)
100
(51.46)
62.5
(32.16)
62.5
(32.16)
62.5
(32.16)
102
S7K
Rent.
534
(274.80)
444
(228.48)
426
(219.22)
306
(157.47)
198
(101.89)
132
(67.93)
102
(52.49)
Stall.
42
(21.61)
30
(15.44)
24
(12.35)
24
(12.35)
12
(6.18)
Mobilization allowances.
Light
and
fuel.
125
(64.33)
110
(56.61)
75
(38.60)
62.5
(32.16)
37.5
(19.30)
6
(3.08)
102
(52.49)
102
(52.49)
(12.87)
17.5
(9.01)
17.5
(9.01)
17.5
(9.01)
Addi
tional
allow
ance.
480
(247.01)
480
(247.01)
360
(185.26)
300
(154.38)
240
(123.50)
180
(92.63)
Lump sum.
To
bachelor.
To
married
officer.
For
guns,
clothes,
etc.
350
(180.11)
300
(154.38)
250
(128.65)
200
(102.92)
180
(92.63)
150
(77.19)
130
(66.90)
120
(61.75)
110
(56.61)
700
(360.22)
600
(308.76)
500
(257.30)
400
(205.84)
360
(185.26)
300
(154.38)
260
(133.80)
240
(123.50)
220
(113.21)
250
(128.65)
250
(128.65)
250
(128.65)
150
(77.19)
150
(77.19)
100
(51.46)
100
"(51.46)
100
(51.46)
100
(51.46)
so
(25.73)
Nonmilitary em
ployee of army
of ensign’s rank.
Periodical allowances.
For horses,
transport,
equipments.
Allowance
p r oportionate to num
ber of horses,
etc., re
quired ac
cording to
rank.
Regular
mobilization
allowance.
Field allow
ance (only
w hile in
war area).
10
(5.15)
20
(10.29)
10
(5.15)
(2.57)
4
(2.06)
3
(1-54)
2 or 1.5
(1.03) (.77)
1
(.39)
.75
(.39)
.50
(.26)
.50
(.26)
8
(4.12)
6
(3.09)
4 or 3
(2.06) (1.54)
2
(1.03)
2
(1.03)
1.50
(.77)
1.50
(.77)
1
I (-51)
1
(.51)
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
Grade.
F.ighth class.
TABLE MONET.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
(2,933.22)
(2,161.32)
(1.389.42)
(1.389.42)
(339.64)
(185.26)
N ote 1.—Officers in command of an army unit receive 2 or U times the amounts
given above.
N ote 2.—For purpose of computing pension, salary equals salary proper plus table
allowance plus supplementary allowance.
203
Corps commandant........................................................................................... 5 700
Division commandant.......................................................... 4’200
Brigadier commandant................................................................... " ” ! ! ! ! ” 2 700
Regiment commandant............................................... .................. 2 700
Battalion commandant..................................................................... !!!!!!
’ 660
Company com m andant.
...................................................360
204
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF
The temporary orders of August 17 and November 17, 1914,'“''
provide for grants in case of need to officers’ and soldiers’ families.
The amounts vary from 300 rubles ($154.38) to 25 rubles ($12.87)
in the case of families of officers, and from 25 rubles ($12.87) to 10
rubles ($5.15) for families of soldiers.
Survivors’ pensions are also paid to families of employees in all
Government workshops and on railroads, irrespective of age or sex,
who lost their lives as a result of enemy action. A funeral benefit
is paid, 30 rubles ($15.44) for an adult and 15 rubles ($7.72) for a
child. The widow receives one-third of her husband’s annual wages
for life; each child up to the age of 15 receives one-sixth, a full
orphan one-fourth. (Order of July 15, 1916.)
Allowances and pensions to dependents of officers and soldiers are
given to legitimate families only. The question of extending the
benefits of the law to illegitimate children and their mothers was
discussed in legislative circles; the superior council organized for
the relief of soldiers’ families in its meeting of November 13, 1914,
went on record against such an extension, saying that the “ enacting
of a law which would grant the same allowance to an illegitimate
family would not contribute to the stability of the foundation of the
legitimate family and would undoubtedly influence adversely popular
conception of the holiness of marital union.” 1 On account of lack
of sources it is impossible to state whether any action has been taken
toward an inclusion of illegitimates in the system of military pensions
and allowances.
.
The law of July 15, 1916, however, which provides pensions for
nonmilitary employees of Government workshops and railroads,
includes illegitimate families.
A D M IN IS T R A T IO N .
The procedure connected with the administration of the allowance
and pension laws was complicated and very slow. For this reason,
on September 26, 1914, new regulations were issued abolishing some
of the formalities of the administration of the officers’ allowances and
pensions, and securing in this way a more speedy grant and payment.
Similar steps in the direction of efficient administration of soldiers’
allowances and pensions were taken about a year later. On July 21,
1915, the minister of the interior issued a circular to all governors of
provinces asking them to take the “ most effective measures for the
immediate payment of the allowances to soldiers, and not to delay
such payments on account of lack of the necessary documents, but,
on the contrary, to try to obtain the missing documents as quickly
as possible from the civil and military authorities concerned.
»Izvestia Verhovnago Sovieta po prizrieniu semei litz prizvannili na voinu, January, 1915, p. 18.
»Idem, July-September, 1915, p. 296.
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MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
205
OFFICIAL COMMITTEES.
In addition to the pensions definitely prescribed by law, assistance
is also given on application by the Alexander Committee for the Care
of the Wounded. This committee is a permanent body organized
in 1814, and at present a part of the ministry of war. The relief
it distributes comes chiefly from the invalidity fund, raised in part
by deductions from the officers' salaries. The committee gives
financial assistance in the form of either single grants or regular
pensions; it also places invalids in asylums or homes and assists in
the education of children. The annual pensions vary according to
rank and degree of disability; a general, for instance, or his family
in case of his death, may receive from 1,716 rubles ($883.05) to 1,143
rubles ($588.19); a colonel from 510 rubles ($262.45) to 305 rubles
($156.95); a second lieutenant from 360 rubles ($185.26) to 210
rubles ($108.07); a soldier 240 rubles ($123.50) to 120 rubles ($61.75).
"Die definite legal provisions for orphans are supplemented by
assistance from the Romanov Committee. This committee was
established by a law of June 29, 1914, for the purpose of giving
financial aid to orphan asylums. On September 1, 1914, however,
a ministerial decree was issued directing the committee to assist in
the care of children of soldiers and sailors called to war service.
According to its report the committee spent from the latter part of
1914 to April 30, 1915, 971,535 rubles ($499,951) on assistance to
child-caring agencies. The funds are derived partly from the treasury
and partly from private contributions.
The activity of the various organizations, both public and private,
for the care of soldiers' and officers' families is coordinated and super
vised by the supreme council for the care of families of war partici
pants, established by an imperial order of August 11, 1914. The
supreme council has in its possession funds from private and public
sources which it distributes among the various organizations.
REFERENCES.
Sobranie Uzakonenii i Rasporiajenii Pravitelstva (Collection of
Current Laws and Orders), St. Petersburg, 1912.
Severin, G. V.: Ranenye Ofitzery i Nizhnie Chiny (Pensions to
officers and soldiers), Petrograd, 1914.
Svod Voennih Postanovlenii (Military Code), 1869, book XIX,
edition of 1902, supplement of 1907, edition of 1910.
Izvestia Verhovnago Sovieta po prizrieniu semei litz prizvannih
na voinu, January, July-September, 1915, Petrograd.
Pravo, Petrograd weekly paper.
Veltze s Intemationaler Annee-Almanach. Ch. Belser, Stuttgart
1913-1914.
’
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
206
governmental provisions for members of
Svod Zakonov Rossiiskoi Imperii (Codified Laws of Russia), un
official edition by Dobrovolskii, St. Petersburg, 1913.
Malinko, V., Spravochnaiia Knizhka dlia Ofitzerov (officers refer
ence book), Moscow, 1915.
SW ITZERLAND .1
MILITARY INSURANCE.
According to the Swiss constitution of 1874 and subsequent legis
lation for military organization, all citizens between the ages ot 20
and 48 meeting the legal requirements are subject to military
service.2 Those exempted from personal service pay an exemption
tax, fixed by the law of June 28, 1878.3
' . „ . 1QKft
In the matter of pensions,4 the “ Organization Militaire of 1850
provided th at soldiers wounded or mutilated in the Federal service,
or their dependent relatives if they lost their lives, should m case of
need receive an indemnity for assistance “ suitable to their state ol
fortune.” 5 The law of 1852, intended to carry out this provision,
granted an allowance to men wounded while meeting the enemy or
disabled through the special fatigues or dangers of the service, m
case the earning power necessary to their support was reduced, and
it fixed the maximum indemnity a t 500 francs ($96.50) annually.
The dependent relatives of soldiers killed under the same circumstances^received a maximum of 300 francs ($57.90). The constitu
tion of 1874 took a step forward in the m atter of government-responsi
bility by asserting th a t needy soldiers permanently disabled tbjjo^g
military service, and their families when in need, had a, right to
government aid, and the pension law of th a t year extended the pro
visions of the old law to soldiers injured in time of peace on the same
terms as those injured in time of war. I t also raised the maximum
annual amounts to 1,200 francs ($231.60) for P a n e n t disabffity
650 francs ($125.45) for widows with children, and 330 francs ($62.55)
for widows without children.
^
In 1887 the Government tried the experiment oi contracting wi
a private insurance company (la société anonyme pour les assurances
f an CS ($193) net i « * u n e . &)
not taxed , and an allowance of 600 francs ($115.80) is made on incomes
eu to th e Federal Assem bly, Dec. 12,1912, Feuille Fédérale, 1912, V , p. 151.
6 Veuille Fédérale, 1912, V , p. 152.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
207
de transports et contre les accidents “ la Zurich.”) for the insurance
of its soldiers. The indemnity to be paid in case of death or total
invalidity amounted to 10,000 francs ($1,930) for officers, and to
3,000 francs ($579) for noncommissioned officers and privates. In
case of total incapacity for work the company paid, for the cost of
treatment and loss of earnings, 10 francs ($1.93) a day during the
illness for officers, and 3 francs ($0.58) a day for noncommissioned
officers and privates ; in case of partial incapacity for work the company paid half benefits. These indemnities were allowed from the
day after release from the army to the end of the term of the physi
cian’s services, not, however, to exceed 200 days from the accident.
In 1893 there was an attem pt to correct the disproportion between
the sums paid to officers and to soldiers by reducing the total inval
idity or death insurance for officers to 5,000 francs ($965) and their
disability indemnity to 5 francs (96J cents). But in spite of this
modification the system proved unsatisfactory, partly because of
legal difficulties in its administration, partly because the s u m s pro
vided were insufficient, and in general because the feeling was growing
th at the pension ought to be measured by the soldier’s loss of earning
capacity rather than by his “ state of fortune.” Other attempts to
arrive at a satisfactory system were made in 1898, 1901, 1906. Thé
first of these was the law establishing the system of civil insurance,
in which it was proposed to include provisions for military insurance
also. The proposal was rejected by referendum in 1900, and the
legislation failed likewise to supply a satisfactory system. Under
pressure of the present war emergencies the m atter of pensions has
been the subject of entirely new legislation in the law of December 23,
1914.1 This plan, the provisions of which are analyzed in the an
nexed schedule, follows closely the lines of the Swiss civil insurance.2
While the administration of the two systems is kept distinct, a close
cooperation has been established between the military and civil
accident services, and the use of the same tribunal for the two sys
tems has been adopted.3
The military insurance thus established is administered by the
Swiss military department through its chief medical officer, who is
provided with the necessary staff and has the cooperation of the
technical experts of the Government.4 A pension committee of
seven members, appointed for three years by the Federal Council,
decides on the amounts and conditions of the pensions and capital
indemnities, in consultation with the chief medical officer. Appeals
from the decisions of the pension committee or of the chief medical
1 Feuille Fédérale, 1915,1, p. 45.
* See p. 210.
* Federal act respecting military insurance, Dec. 23, 1914, art. 55. B ulletin of International Labor
Office (English edition), Vol. X , p. 33.
* Article 62.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
208
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OE
officer are brought before the Federal insurance court. The Federal"
Council issues the regulations for the administration of the. insurance.
The Federal Assembly decides on the mode of covering pensions in
case of war or other public calamity, and appropriates funds for the
system.
S c h e d u l e 6 8 .—Switzerland.
Military insurance.
[Table based on Federal act respecting military insurance, Dec. 23, 1914. Feuille Fédérale, 1915, I, p.
45. English translation in Bulletin of the International Labor Office, 1915, Vol. X , p. 23.]
A. FORM OF IN SU R A N C E A N D CLASSES IN S U R E D .
Form of insurance.
Classes insured.
1. Soldiers of all ranks while on service.
2. Officers on special service w ith foreign armies.
Divisional controllers of arms and their substi
tu tes-an d assistants during the exercise of
their military functions.
The sanitary staff of the Swiss societies for as
sisting the wounded, organized and placed
under military authority, while on active
service.
The members of the voluntary corps of motorists
while on service.
Against sickness and accidents......................................... 3. Commanders of units of the Army.
Between th e taking up of command and its res
ignation or the expiration of any functions
connected with it.
4. Instructors.
Against sickness and accidents............................ .
Officials, guards, and other permanent employ
Between beginning and termination of engage
ees in fortifications.
ments.
Permanent employees and auxiliary staff of
Cavalry remount depot and of those connected
w ith the horse department.
Permanent attendants at Federal military hos
pitals.
5. D istrict commanders, sectional chiefs, and other
Against accidents.............................................
functionaries during recruiting and inspec
D ining the exercise of their funotians.
tions.
Officers, instructors, gymnastic experts, and
secretaries officially attached to recruiting
operations.
Experts for valuing horses.
Officers giving shooting instruction and mem
bers of shooting committees.
Officers’ servants.
The assistant staff w ho attend to targets and
other implements of instruction.
Persons engaged b y a corps of troops on behalf
of the National Government.
6. The military members of rifle clubs.
Against accidents..........................................
Persons taking part in preparatory military
W hile going through their exercises.
instruction.
Persons employed as markers in connection
w ith rifle clubs and preparatory military in
struction.
Y oung men called up for examination as recruits.
Against sickness and accidents:
(a) Sickness and accidents during service or
exercise of military functions. •
(b) Sickness and accidents going on du ty or re
turning home.
(c) Sickness due to injurious influences during
above period.1
i
Sickness m ust be verified b y a certified physician and reported within 3 weeks. If not so reported,
it will be considered only under special conditions.
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MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
S c h e d u l e 68.'— Switzerland.
209
Military insurance— Continued.
B . B E N E F IT S .
Benefits.
Basis of computation.
Hospital treatm ent1..................: ................
Waves continued for duration of service
(Class 1 only).
D aily unem ployment allowance during
temporary disability:
First 30 days of sickness—
a. For Class 1 (30 days following
* service).
b. For other classes........................
Rank or school pay
After 30 days (all classes)................... . D aily earnings up to 8 francs
($1.54) computed on
an
nual wage, or
m onthly
wage, or \ w eekly wage.3
Pensions for permanent disability *........ Annual earnings based on
daily earnings computed as
above, m ultiplied b y 360.5
Pensions for dependents, in case of
death:
a. W ife 1. W idow ,6or divorced or legally
separated wife entitled to
full maintenance.7
2. Divorced or legally separated
wife entitled to partial
maintenance.7 .
Annual earnings of deceased,
b. Children under 18 8—
based on daily earnings,
1. Each child, if w idow or d i ► computed
as above, m ulti
vorced wife is living.7
plied
b y 360.
2. Each child, if widow or di
vorced wife is dead.
c. Parents wholly or partly depend
ent, if no claims as above.
d. Grandparents) if parents receive
no pension, or brothers and sis
ters, if no claims as above.
Funeral expenses..................................... ....
A m ount.
Full pay.
a. 3 francs.
b.
Rate for each class fixed by
Federal Council.
Total disability,2 80 per cent;
partial disability, in propor
tion.
Total disability, 70 per cent;
partial disability, in propor
tion .
40 per cent.
In proportion to husband’s ob
ligation.
15 per «ent.
25 per cent.
20 per cent for one; 35 per cent
for both.
Not to exceed 15 per cent for
one or 25 per cent for several.
U p to 40 francs ($7.72).
1 This includes free maintenance and treatment at th e hospital appointed, w ith expenses of convey
ance to hospital. If home treatment is authorized or ordered, an allowance of 2 francs 50 centimes (48
cents) a day is made. A suitable increase is granted w hen expenses greatly exceed th is allowance (arts.
21- 22).
2 In case of destitution, th e allowance m ay w ith th e consent of the Federal Council be increased to the
full amount of the daily earnings, for a definite or indefinite period (art. 26). In case of a person w ithout
dependents, th e allowance is reduced one-half during hospital or home treatment (art. 29).
3 When earnings vary, the average wage is taken. A pprentices, students, e tc ., have their wages assumed
to be 3 francs (58 cents) a day. Earnings chiefly dr w holly in kind are computed according to the usual
wage of th e district for similar work, but at not less than 4 francs (77 cents) except for apprentices, etc.
Regular supplementary earnings and revenue from investm ents are taken into account only if th ey cease
or dim inish as a result of th e illness or accident (art. 25).
* Granted for permanent invalidity or serious ill health affecting capacity for work: for life or for a defini te
period. In th e latter ease it can be extended of changed to a pension for life. A disability pension is
replaced b y a lum p sum if th e person seems likely to recover his ability to work by resum ing his occu
pation. The amount is based on the probable extent of his loss of earnmgs (arts. 34,38). Pensions can
bo doubled b y the Federal Council if th e person was disabled or killed while voluntarily exposing him self
to great risk for his country (art. 49).
8 For minors, computed on the scale of an adult, but not to exceed the earnings of a person 30 years old
(art. 35). In case of destitution it can be increased. (Ibid.) A ll pensions m ay be reassessed at a n y tim e
(art. 36).
« A widow on remarrying receives a settlem ent of three tim es the annual amount (art. 42).
7 In case of concurrent claims of widow and divorced wife, total pensions not to exceed 50 per cent. In
case of children’s claims, in addition, total not to exceed 65 per cent.
8 Including adopted and legitimated children and illegitimate children whose paternity has been legally
acknowledged (art. 43). Pension to cease at 18 except in case of disabling infirm ity (art. 43).
The National Government bears all the expenses of the military
insurance, except when the persons insured have been called into
service exclusively in the interest of a particular canton or locality,
in which case the Government can recover the cost of the insurance,
10735—1
-14
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
210
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF
from the canton.1 The Federal Assembly provides, in the annual
budget, for the expenses of administration and for the payment of
benefits. Appropriations to an invalidity fund which can only be
used for benefits in case of war, are made annually to the amount
of 500,000 francs ($96,500) at least. When this fund shall have
reached the sum of 50,000,000 francs ($9,650,000) the Federal
Assembly is to decide whether it is advisable to continue payments.
Two other funds are available for the payment of insurance benefits
only in time of war. These funds are named the Grenus invalids
fund and the Federal Winkelried foundation fund.2
When a person entitled to military insurance has been compul
sorily insured with the Swiss national accident insurance fund, this
civil insurance is suspended. However, if when he enters military
service he is suffering from the consequence of an accident or disease
against which he had been insured, and the military service aggra
vates his condition, the civil and military insurance jointly bear the
cost. The military insurance department pays the benefit, and is
partly repaid by the civil insurance fund in proportion to the extent
to which the military service has aggravated his condition. The
payments of benefit for temporary disability are made by the mili
tary insurance department in conformity with the provisions of the
military insurance act, and repaid by the civil insurance fund in the
proportion agreed upon. The benefits for permanent disability are
paid by each company, the shares being determined in the same way.
In the case of persons voluntarily insured in the civil fund, the rela
tions of the two insurances are fixed by regulations of the Federal
Assembly.3
CIVIL INSURANCE.4
The Swiss sickness and accident insurance law was enacted on the
13th of June, 1911, by the Federal Council, and accepted by refer
endum on the 4th of February, 1912.
The National Government encourages sickness insurance by grant
ing subsidies to sick insurance funds which are legally recognized.
If the cantons or communes make such insurance compulsory, and
if they assume the responsibility for the payment of all or a part of
the premiums of indigent insured persons, the National Government
grants subsidies equal to one-third of their disbursements. While
employers can not be made to contribute to the payments made by
their employees who are compulsorily insured, they may be made to
take charge of the payments to be made by their employees.5 Sick
1 Articles 51, 52, 55, 62,63.
2 Articles 61,65.
* Articles 56 to 60.
* The information in this section m ay be found in the te x t of the law, Feuille Fédérale, 1911, III, p. 815.
A n English translation is to be found in B ulletin of the U . S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, N o. 103, Aug. 1,
1912, p. 7.
s Sickness an accident insurance law, June 13,1911, articles 1,2.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
211
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
benefits include medical care and medicines and daily indemnity for
loss of time of not less than 1 franc (19.3 cents). Benefits must bq
provided for at least 180 days each year, and special provision is
made for women during confinement.1
Accident insurance is administered by the national accident
insurance fund. Each canton is entitled to an agency of this fund,
which conducts insurance on the mutual plan. Its central office is
in Lucerne. The National Government granted this fund a working
-capital of 5,000,000 francs ($965,000) and the same amount to create
a reserve fund. It pays one-half the expenses of administration.2
Accident insurance is compulsory for laborers and other employees
working in transportation and postal service; establishments subject
to the factory law; building trades; engineering works; telegraph and
telephone construction and maintenance; mines, quarries, and gravel
banks; industries which produce or use explosives.3
The risks insured against are occupational and nonoccupational.
Occupational diseases are classified as accidents.4 Different em
ployments are classified according to their risks, and the premium
rates are fixed by the officers of the national fund. For occupational
accidents they are paid entirely by the employer. For nonoccupa
tional accidents they are paid as follows: Three-fourths by insured
person, one-fourth by the National Government; the employer
collects the premiums from his employees.5 Any person not subject
to compulsory insurance may be insured voluntarily, on conditions
fixed by the National Government.6
S chedule
69.—Switzerland.
Civil insurance benefits for accidents.
Benefits.
Beneficiaries.
D isability or death.
Kind.
Insured workers.
A ny disability............
Medical attendance
and medicines.
Temporary d isa b ility , Indem nity for lost
tim e.
Permanent disability:
T otal.....................
Partial.
___d o ...........................
Dependent relatives......................
1. W idow or disabled widower
2. Each child under 16:
(a) If mother is living___
(6) If mother is dead........
3. Grandparents; b r o t h e r s
and sisters under 16.
i Articles 12,13,14.
* Articles 41,46,51.
s Article 60.
*Articles 67,68.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
A nnu ity......................
Funeral expenses. . .
Death of insured per
son.
A nnuity.
Amount.
80 per cent of daily
earnings, m axim um,
14 francs ($2.70).
70 per cent annual
earnings.
In proportion to dis
ability. 7
Minimum, 40 francs
($7.72).
Percentages of annual
earnings:
1. 30 per cent.
2a. 15 per cent.
25. 25 per cent.
3. 20 per cent.
Total m axim um 60
per cent.
6 Articles 102 to 110,118, 119.
6 Articles 118,119.
7 N o earnings beyond 4,000 francs ($772) are con
sidered (art. 78).
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
k
P
APPENDIXES: PENSIONS IN THE UNITED STATES.1
7
+8tat?i®s <¿*5? U nited States, 1916; M. L ., M ilitary Laws of th e U nited
States, 1917; It. S., R evised Statutes of th e U nited States,1873; Stat. L ., U nited States Statutes at Large.
A«—PRESENT PENSION PROVISIONS FOR MEN DISABLED IN
SERVICE AND FOR WIDOWS AND OTHER DEPENDENTS OF MEN
KILLED OR DYING IN SERVICE.
A p p e n d ix
M EN.
Beneficiaries.
Service.
Officers and m en, in M ilitary or N aval Ser
cluding regulars, vol
vice of th e U nited
unteers, and m ilitia.2
States,
Surgeons.
C. S., 8933, 8934.
Age or other reason.
A m ount.
D isabled from w ound, According to extent of dis
injury, or disease.inability:
curred or contracted
1. D isab ility equivalent to
in line of du ty.
ankylosis of w rist, rate varies
C. S ., 8933-8942.
w ith rank from $8 m onthly
for privates to $30 m onthly for
lieutenant colonel, etc. (See
A ppendix D .)
C. 8 ., 8944.
2. Permanent specific dis
ability, rates fixed b y law
and varying, w ithout regard
to rank, from $24 to $100
m onthly. The rate for in
capacity to perform manual
labor is fixed at $30 a m onth.
(See A ppendix B .)
C. S., 8947-8962, 8968.
3. Other disabilities, rates
fixed b y Commissioner of
Pensions and varying from $6
m onthly to $27 m onthly.
(See A ppendix C.)
C. S., 8962, 8974, 9072.
W ID O W S A N D C H IL D R E N .
Beneficiaries.
Service of de
ceased.
Widows 3 of officers
and m en, includ
ing volunteers and
m ilitia.4
C. S ., 8977.
Military
or
N aval Ser
vice of the
U n i t e d
States since
1861.
Cause of death.
D ate of mar
riage.
Age.
W o u n d , in- Prior to Mar.
jury, or dis3, 1899, or
e ase in
later, if be
curred
in
fore or dur
line of d u ty .6
ing the ser
vice of hus
band.6
A n y service of W ound, in
tlie U n ited '
jury, or dis
States in the
ease incur
Civil War.
red in line
of du ty.
According
to
rank of de
ceased; m ini
mum is $12
m onthly and
m axim um is
$30 m onthly.
C. S., 8977, 8980.
70___
___do.................. ........ d o ...............
of Civil War
service.
Amount.
$20 minim um .
C. S., 8981a.
$20 m inimum .
C. S.,8981a.
1 The legislative material has been compiled b y Miss A nna Rochester and Miss Lulu L. E ckm an, and the
statistical material by Miss Louise Moore and Mrs. Marie Francke Sm ith. Appendixes B C and D
have been adapted from tables in Laws of the U nited States Governing the Granting o f’Arm v and
N avy Pensions, together w ith Regulations R elating Thereto, published by Bureau of Pensions, United
States Department of the Interior, 1916.
2 The Coast Guard is not eiigiMe for pensions. (C. S.,8459Ja (3).) Officers in Regular Arm y, N avy,an d
Marine Corps receive retirement pay and w hile on retired list are not eligible for pensions.
3 Pension is payable u n til remarriage, but if widow of a man who served in C ivil War has remarried and
8,gain becomes a w idow , or if a woman who was the wife of the man during his active service in any war
has remarried and has again become a widow and is w ithout means of support, she is entitled to a pen
sion. If, however, pension has during remarriage been paid to children it returns to the widow only if
th ey are members of her fam ily and cared for b y her. (C. S ., 8981b, 8993.)
« The law does not require evidence of marriage from widow of colored or Indian soldier who was habitually recognized as wife in claims on behalf of persons who enlisted before Mar. 3,1873. (C. S., 8988.)
. 6 Double pension is allowed for death from accident or disease incurred by mari in N avv or Marine Corns
in connection w ith aviation du ty. (C. S., 2952J.)
’
6 No lim itation as to date if wife has lived and cohabited w ith the deceased continuously from date of
marriage to date of death. This lim itation expressly does not apply to widows of men serving in Spanish
213
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GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
214
A.—PRESENT PENSION PROVISIONS FOR MEN DISABLED IN^>
SERVICE AND FOR WIDOWS AND OTHER DEPENDENTS OF MEN
KILLED OR DYING IN SERVICE—Continued.
A p p e n d ix
W ID O W S A N D C H IL D R E N —Continued.
Beneficiaries.
Service of de Cause of death.
ceased.
or
Child or children1 of M ilitary
deceased officer or
N a v a l4 Ser
soldier:
vice of the
1. I f mother is
U n i t e d
States.
w idow .2
2. If there is no
w idow , or she
has remarried,
or she has been
deemed
im
proper person3
to care for
child.
C. S., 8979, 899(T.
Date of mar
riage.
W ound, in
jury, or dis
ease i n
c u r r e d in
line of du ty.6
m
Age.
Amount.
Under 16; or 1. $2 m onthly for
over 16 if in
each child.8
sane, idiotic, 2. According to
rank of father:
or otherwise
Minimum $12,
p e rmanentm axim um $30;
ly helpless,
and in addition
p r o v i ded
$2 m onthly for
child w a s
under 16 at
each child.
t i m e o f C. S., 8977 , 8979,
f a t h e r ’s
8980, 8983.
death.
C. S., 8982.
OTHER D E PE N D E N T S.
Beneficiaries.
Service of deceased.
Cause of death.
If there is no w idow nor legiti A nyM ilitaryor N aval4 Injury or disease in
curred in line of
Service of th e U nited
mate 1 child, other relatives
du ty.5
States, since Mar. 4,
who were dependent upon the
1861.
deceased7 a reen titled to p en
sion in the following order:
1. Mother.®
2. Father.
3. Orphan brothers and
sisters9 under 16 years of
age.
C. S., 8991,8992.
A m ount.
P ay according to rank
of deceased: Mini
mum $12 m onthly,
m a x i m u m $30
m onthly.
C. S., 8980.
1 Child is deemed legitim ate w ho is bom before th e marriage of its parents, if it is acknowledged by
father before or after marriage. B ut compare footnote 4 on page 213. (C. S., 8987.)
2 It is expressly stipulated that increase of pension on behalf of minor chila shall not be w ithdrawn be
cause the child is maintained in whole or in part b y the State or th e public in an institution. (C. S., 8979.)
2 Pension returns to mother who has been deemed improper person to care for the child w hen th e child
ceases to receive it.
4
The Coast Guard is not eligible for pensions. (C. S., 8459|a(3).) Officers in Regular A rm y, N avy, and
Marine Corps receive retirement pa y and w hile on retired list are not eligible for pensions.
s Double pension is allowed for death from accident or disease incurred by m en in N avy or Marine Corps,
in connection w ith aviation duty. (C. S., 2952J.)
6 This supplementary allowance is paid to the mother if she is herself receiving pension and the children
are her children b y th e soldier. B ut if the widow is a stepmother and is not charged w ith the child, the
supplementary allowance is paid not to the widow but to the guardian. (C. S., 8979.)
7 Dependency of parents defined as follows: “ W ithout other present means of support than their own
manual labor or th e contributions of others not legally bound for their support.” (C. S., 8992.)
8 Pension is allowed until remarriage of mother.
9 Pension to orphan sister ceases on her marriage if this occurs before she is 16 years old. (C. S., 8993)
The following are eligible for admission to the Soldiers’ Home: (1) Every soldier of
the United States Army who has served 20 years; (2) those of the Regular or Volun
teer service who have been wounded or diseased in the service and in line of duty;
(3) those who through service in any war have been rendered invalid or disabled.
(0. S., 9225.)
Disabled and decrepit Navy officers, seamen, and marines are admitted to the
Naval Home at Philadelphia. (C. S., 9203.) Enlisted men received at the Naval
Home are not eligible to the special allowance for disability after 10 or 20 years of
service shown in Appendix F.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
A p p e n d ix
Disabilities.
B.—MONTHLY PENSION RATES FIXED BY LAW FOR PERMANENT SPECIFIC DISABILITIES.
From
July 4,
1864 (13
Stat.
L., 387).
From
Mar. 3,
1865 (13
Stat.
L., 499).
From From
June 6, June 4,
1866(14 1872(17
Stat.
Stat.
L., 56). L., 335).
$31.25
31.25
31.25
$50.00
50.00
50.00
31.25
24.00
18.00
50.00
15.00
15.00
18.00
24.00
$25.00
$20.00
From
Mar. 3,
1879
(20
Stat.
L., 484).
From From
Mar. 3, Mar. 3,
1885
1883
(23
(C. S.,
Stat.
8959). L., 437).
From From
Aug. 4, Aug. 27,
1886
1888
(C. S., (C. S.,
8960). 8962).
$72.00
72.00
72.00
From
Feb. 12,
1889
(C. S.,
8957).
From From From From From
Mar. 4, July 14, Jan. 15, Mar. 2, Apr. 8,
1890
1892
1903
1903
1904
(C. S., (C. S., (C. S., (C. S., (C. S.,
8952). 8953). 8963). 8961). 8958).
$100.00
$100.00
72.00
100.00
$36.00
$24.00
$30.00
40.00
30.00
36.00
46.00
45.00
45.00
55.00
55.00
45.00
55.00
30.00
40.00
36.00
46.00
$37.50
Loss of an arm at shoulder
jo in t...........................
Total disability in both
hands................................
Total disability in both
feet...........................
Total disability in 1 hand
and 1 foot....................
Total disability in 1 hand
or 1 fo o t.....................
D isability equivalent to
th e loss of a hand or a
foot (third grade).............
Total disability in arm or
le g ........................................
Incapacity to perform
manual labor (second
grade).................................
20.00
24.00
$50;1a p p a ra to to ^ e se ^ o n ^ O ? ar^ fl^iayii^
s1’2Pr)ovidill2 a new Umb or the cash valu0 thereof every 3 years at the following rates: Artificial leg, $75; artificial arm, $50; artificial foot,
15-00
18.00
25.00
31.25
20.00
31.25
20.00
24.00
15.00
18.00
15.00
18.00
15.00
18.00
24.00
$37.50
36.00
60.00
24.00
24.00
■
24.00
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPEN D EN TS.
Loss of both hands.............. $25.00
20.00
25.00
Loss of sight of both ey es...
Loss of sight of 1 eye, th e
sight of th e other having
been lost before enlist
m ent ................................
Loss of 1 hand and 1 foot.
Loss of hand or foot.............
Loss of an arm at or above
the elbow or a leg at or
above th e knee i ..............
Loss of either a leg at the
hip joint or an arm at the
shoulder joint, or so near
as to prevent th e use of
an artificial lim b .............
From From From
June 4, Feb. 28, June 17,
1878
1874
1877
(C. S., (C. S., (C. S.,
8955,
8950). 8954).
8951).
30.00
215
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
B.—MONTHLY PENSION RATES FIXED BY LAW FOR PERMANENT SPECIFIC DISABILITIES—Continued.
Disabilities.
From From
Mar. 3, June 6,
1865 (13 1866 (14
Stat.
Stat.
L., 499). L .,56).
$25.00
From
June 4,
1872 (17
Stat.
L.,335).
$31.25
From From
From From June 17, Mar. 3,
June 4, Feb. 28, 1878
1879
1877
1874
(C. S.,
(20
(C .S., (C. S., 8955,
Stat.
8950). 8954). 8951). L.,484).
$50.00
From From3,
Mar. 3, Mar.
1885
1883
(23
(C. S., Stat.
8959). L.,437).
From From
Aug. 4, Aug. 27,
1888
1886
(C. S., (C. S.,
8960). 8962).
From
Feb.12,
1889
(C .S.,
8957).
From From From From From
Mar. 4, July 14, Jan. 15, .Mar. 2, Apr. 8,
1903
1904
1892
1903
1890
(C .S., (C. S., (C .S., (C.S., (C.S.,
8952). 8953). 8963). 8961). 8958).
$72.00
$72.00
Frequent and periodical,
not constant; aid and
attendance (intermedi-
$50.00
13.00
$30.00
i $72 from June 17,1878, b y act of June 16,1880, only where th e rate was $50 under act of June 18, 1874, and granted prior to June 16,1880.
until amended by act Mar. 4,1890, which increased rate to $72.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
$40.00
First grade proper continued at $50
GOVERNM ENTAL PROVISIONS FOR M EM BERS OF
Regular aid and attend-
From
July 4,
1864(13
Stat.
L.,387).
216
A p p e n d ix
MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
217
l A ppendix C.—MONTHLY PENSION RATES FIXED BY ADMINISTRATIVE
RULINGS FOR CERTAIN DISABILITIES NOT SPECIFIED BY LAW.1
Per month.
Ankylosis of shoulder.................................................................. ......................... .. $12. 00
Ankylosis of elbow......................................................................................................
10.00
Ankylosis of knee........................................................................................................
10. 00
Ankylosis of ankle.................................................................................................. ..
8.00
Ankylosis of wrist.......................................................................................................
8. 00
Loss of sight of one eye.................................................... ....................................'...
12.00
Loss of one eye.............................................................................................................
17.00
Nearly total deafness of one ear...............................................................................
6.00
Total deafness of one ear...........................................................................................
10.00
Slight deafness of both ears.......................................................................................
6. 00
Severe deafness of one ear and slight of the other.................................... ..........
10. 00
Nearly total deafness of one ear and slight of the other.......................................
15. 00
Total deafness of one ear and slight of the other..............................................
20.00
Severe deafness of both ears........................................................................ ............
22.00
Total deafness of one ear and severe of the other.......................... ....................
25.00
Deafness of both ears existing in a degree nearly total........................................
27. 00
17.00
Loss of palm of hand, and all the fingers, the thumb remaining.......................
Loss of thumb, index, middle, and ring fingers. .................... ..........................
17.00
Loss of thumb, index, and middle fingers............................................ ............ ..
16.00
Loss of thumb and index finger...............................................................................
12. 00
10.00
Loss of thumb and little finger...............................................................................
Loss of thumb, index, and little fingers................................................ .
16.00
Loss of thumb........................................................................................................ .
8. 00
Loss of thumb and metacarpal bone.......................................................... . . . . . . . ' 12. 00
Loss of all the fingers, thumb and palm remaining............................................. : 16. 00
Loss of index, middle, and ring fingers................................................... T.............
16. 00
14. 00
Loss of middle, ring, and little fingers.............. ............................. ......................
Loss of index and middle fingers....................................................................
8 00
Loss of little and middle fingers....................................................................... . . .
8. 00
Loss of little and ring fingers.............................................. ....................... j ..........
6.00
Loss of ring and middle fingers.................................................................., .............
6. 00
4. 00
Loss of index finger............................................................................................
Loss of any other finger without complications........................ ...........................
2. 00
Loss of all the toes of one foot.......................................................
Loss of great, second, and third toes.......................................................................
8.00
Loss of great toe and metatarsal....................................................................................
8.00
Loss of great and second toes...................................................................................
8.00
Loss of great toe..........................................................................................................
6. 00
Loss of any other toe and metatarsal....................................................................
6.00
Loss of any other toe......................................................................................
2.00
Chopart’s amputation of foot, with good results...'..............................................
14. 00
Pirogoff’s modification of Syme’s [amputation of foot to in step ].....................
17. 00
Small varicocele......................................................................................................... No rate.
Well-marked varicocele.................................................................................. No rate fixed.
Inguinal hernia, which passes through the external ring....................................
10. 00
1 The rate of $18 per m onth m ay he proportionately divided for any degree of disability established for
which pension laws make no specific provision, and the m inim um pension is fixed b y law at $6. Certain
minor disabilities are still rated at less than $6, and the smaller amount applies for each disability in cases
where tw o or more minor disabilities are combined. Rates for partial deafness (under $30 a month) are
fixed b y the Secretary of the Interior. (C. S., 8974, 9072, and 8962.)
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
218
g o v e r n m e n t a l p r o v is io n s f o r m e m b e r s of
Per month. -
Inguinal hernia, which does not pass through the external ring.......................
Double inguinal hernia, each of which passes through the external ring........
Double inguinal hernia, one of which passes through the external ring and
other does not.............- ...................................................................................
Double inguinal hernia, neither of which passes through the external ring..
Femoral hernia.............. - ............................................................................................
$6. 00
14.00
12.00
8. 00
10.00
D — MONTHLY PENSION R A T E S1 FOR WIDOWS OR OTHER
DEPENDENTS OF MEN KILLED OR DYING AS A RESULT OF
SERVICE.2
A p p e n d ix
WIDOWS,, ETC.,, OP ARMY OFFICERS AND ENLISTED MEN.
p
Of lieutenant colonel and all officers of higher rank..............................................
Of major, surgeon, and paymaster................................. ............................................
Of captain, provost marshal, and chaplain..............................................................
Of first lieutenant, assistant surgeon, deputy provost marshal, and quarter
master............................................................................................- ............................
Of second lieutenant and enrolling officer................................................................
Of all enlisted men........................................................................................................
m onth.
130. 00
25. 00
20.00
17.00
15. 00
12.00
WIDOWS, ETC., OP OPPICERS AND ENLISTED MEN OP NAVY AND MARINE CORPS.
Of captain and all officers of higher rank, commander, lieutenant commanding
and master commanding, surgeon, paymaster, and chief engineer ranking
with commander by law in Navy j and lieutenant colonel and all of higher
rank in Marine Corps.............- ........................................................... - ......... ........
Of lieutenant, passed assistant surgeon, surgeon, paymaster, and chief engineer
ranking with lieutenant by law; major in Marine Corps............ ....................
Of master (now lieutenant, junior grade), professor of mathematics, assistant
surgeon, assistant paymaster, and chaplain; captain in Marine C orps...----Of first lieutenant in Marine Corps..................................................................... ;*•
Of first assistant engineer, ensign, and pilot; second lieutenant in Marine
Corps...........................................................................................................................
Of cadet midshipmen, passed midshipmen, midshipmen clerks of admirals, of
paymasters, and of officers commanding vessels, second and third assistant
engineers, master’s mate, and warrant officers............................- .....................
Of all enlisted men, except warrant officers...........................................................
30.00
25.00
20. 00
17-00
15.00
12.00
12- 00
1 Supplementary allowance of $2 m onthly is granted for each fatherless child under 16.
2 These rates apply also to all enlisted m en and to officers who are not eligible to retirement pay for
a disability equivalent to ankylosis of w rist, except th at for enlisted men th e rate is $8 and for cadet m id
shipm en, etc., the rate is $10. Double rate is allowed for death or disability due to aviation d u ty in
N avy or Marine Corps.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
M ILITARY FORCES A N D T H E IR D EPE N D E N T S.
'A p p e n d ix
219
E.—ARMY RETIREMENT SYSTEM, REGULAR ARMY ONLY.
Person eligible.
Service.
A ny officer, upon his
own application.
40 consecutive years,
or 30 years at discre
tion of the President.
A ny officer, at discre
tion of President,
w ith out m aking ap
plication.
D o ........
Age or other reason.
Amount.
62 years.
45 years.
75 per cent of pay of rank held
at retirem ent.1 (C. S., 20452047, 2053-2061, 2CC3, 2064,
2138. Military Laws of the
United States, 1917,962-964,
968, 958.)
A ny officer.
64 years.........................
D o ........
Incapacitated
for active service b y
physical disability
incurred in line of
du ty.
D o.
Physical disability not Retired w ith 75 per cent of pay
incurred in line of
of rank held at retirement or
du ty.
“ w holly retired" w ith 1
year’s pay and allowances of
rank at tim e of retirem ent.
(C. S., 2053, 2063 , 2061, 2063,
2064,2140. M. L ., 660.)
A n y officer below rank
of major.
A ny officer below rank
of brigadier general.
Officer of Medical R e
serve Corps.
40 years.
A n y officer supernumer 5 years or more.
ary to permanent
organization of Army
as provided by law.
A ny enlisted man (pri 30 years.
vate or noncommis
sioned officer).
"Widow of officer or en
listed man, or other
erson designated by
im.
On active list of A rm y
A ny man who has been
awarded a medal of
honor for* distin
guished gallantry.
Military service in any
war.
E
If found upon exam i 75 per cent of rank to which
nation for promo
seniority en titled him t o be
tion to be incapaci
promoted. (C. S., 1897.
tated for service b y
M. L ., 930.)
physical disability
incurred in lin e of
duty.
Failureto passexam i- Honorably discharged from
nation for promo
service w ith 1 year’s pay.
tio n for any reason
(C. S., 1897-1897a. M. L .,
other th a n physical
930,930b.)
disability incurred
in line of d u ty , fol
lowed b y second
failure after suspen
sion of promotion
tion for 1 year.
70 years........................... R etirem ent p a y of first lieu
tenant. (C. S.,2049. M. L .,
748, 749.)
U pon his ow n request, 1 year’s pay for each 5 years
of service ;m axim um , 3 years’
pay. (C. 3 ., 2062. M. L .,
998.)
75 per cent of pay and allow
ances w hen retired. (Retire
m ent allowances fixed at
$9.50 plus $6.25.) M i n i m u m ;
$18.75 plus $15.75. M axi
mum: $74.25 plus $15.75. *
(C. S., 2082-2088. M. L ., 713715,1038-1042.)
D eath of officer or 6 m onths’ pay. (C. S., 2165.
man from wounds
M. L ., 1061.)
or disease not the
result of his own
misconduct.
D eath resulting from 1 year’s pay. (C. S., 1867c.
aviation accident.
M. L ., 889n.)
65 years............... 7 ........ $10 m onthly, in addition to any
other pay or pension. (C. S.,
1941a-e. M. L ., 1014a-f.)
O fficers detailed for d u ty on Isthm us of Panama w ith Canal Commission for 3 years or more not otherwise
advanced m rank by act of Mar. 4,1915, to be retired (when they are retired) w ith grade higher. (C. S., 2068a
M. i j . f 927c.)
*
*
2 Soldier who has received a certificate of merit ($2 m onthly), continues to receive the full allowance
herefor after retirement. (Manual for th e Quartermaster Corps, 1916, sections 1491-1493 U S A rm v
Regulations 1917, section 1341.)
'
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
220
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS EOR MEMBERS OF
NOTE ON ARMY PAY.1
Officers.—In the United States Army the pay of officers ranges from
$11,000, that of lieutenant general, to $1,700, that of second lieuten
ant. An increase of 10 per cent is allowed when serving outside of
the United States (except in the Canal Zone, Panama, Porto Rico,
or Hawaii).
Officers below the rank of brigadier general receive a 10 per cent
increase for each five years of service, not to exceed 40 per cent (ex
cept that the maximum pay of colonel may not exceed $5,000, of
lieutenant colonel $4,500, or of major $4,000). Aviation officers of
the Signal Corps receive an increase of 25 per cent, junior military
aviators 50 per cent, and military aviators 75 per cent. Quarters,
heat, and light, in kind, or commutation therefor, are also allowed
at rates varying with rank from the minimum of two rooms, with
heat and light, allowed to a second lieutenant. The commutation of
officers’ quarters is rated at $12 monthly per room, and the commuta
tion of heat and light varies with number of rooms, season, and
climate.
An officer’s retirement pay amounts to 75 per cent of the salary,
without allowances, to which he is entitled at the time of this retire
ment. The officer who i3 disabled because of wounds received in
battle is entitled to increases in retirement pay corresponding to the
increases in active service pay to which he would have been entitled
for additional years of active service in the same rank. These in
creases in retirement pay amount to 10 per cent of the lowest re
tirement pay of the officer’s rank and are granted for each 5 years
since the officer entered service, up to 20 years for officers having
rank of major or lower, and up to 15 years for officers having rank
of colonel or lieutenant colonel. For officers of higher rank the
salary, and therefore the retirement pay, are uniform without a
longevity increase. I t should be especially noted th at this increase
in retirement pay granted for longevity after retirement is not
allowed to an officer retired for any cause other than disability
resulting from wounds in battle.
Enlisted men.—Enlisted men, during their first term of enlistment,
receive from $15, private or private second grade, to $75 per month,
quartermaster sergeant, senior grade, and those of equal rank; this
is increased for each reenlistment up to the seventh, when a maximum
of $25 to $99 is reached. Additional pay of $2 to $9 monthly is
allowed for certain special details or qualifications, and a 50 per cent
increase is granted to an “ aviation mechanician.” A certificate of
merit entitles a man to $2 monthly;
1 Based on Manual for the Quartermaster Corps, U nited States Arm y, 1916, sections 1200-1246, 2376,
and “ Army pay tables” compiled under the direction of the Quartermaster General, U nited States Arm y,
Aug. 1,1916, w ith supplements including acts of May 12 and 18,1917.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
221
MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
An increase of 20 per cent is granted for foreign service (not in
cluding service in the Canal Zone, Panama, Hawaii, or Porto Rico).
The pay on which this increase is based includes additions for length
of service, for certificate of merit, and for aviation mechanician,
but not the additions for other special details or qualifications.
During the present emergency the pay of enlisted men receiving
$21 a month or less as base pay has been increased $15 a month.
Smaller increases are allowed to higher paid men, graded inversely
with the salary, the enlisted man with base pay of $45 monthly or
more receiving an increase of $6 monthly. The minimum paid to
the men in European service to-day, therefore, is $33 monthly.
Under certain circumstances quarters and rations for enlisted
men may be commuted. The commutation of quarters is $15 a
month plus an allowance for heat and light varying with season and
climate; the ration is commuted at 30 cents, $1, or $1.50 daily,
according to circumstances.
A p p e n d ix
Person eligible.
A ny commissioned or warrant officer.
F.—NAVY RETIREMENT SYSTEM.
Service.
A ge or other reason.
30 years...................
U pon his own application
and in the discretion of
the President.
D o ....................... ..............
Physical disability inci
dent to duty.
D o ....................... ..............
Physical disability not in
cident to duty; or fail
ure to secure promotion
after case has been acted
upon b y tw o boards.
Am ount.
75 per cent of shore pay of
rank.1 (C. S., 2621, 2632,
2890,2894.)
Either 50 per cent of shore
pay for life, or “ wholly
retired ” w ith 1 year’s
pay. (C. S., 2625, 2633,
2890, 2894.)
D o .......................................
75 per cent of shore pay of
rank. (C.S.,2623a, 2894.)
After June 30,1920, captain.
After June 30, 1920, commander.
After June 30, 1920, lieuten
an t commander.
[2£ per cent of shore du ty
I pay of rank for each year
r| of service; m axim um, 75
per cent of shore du ty
[ pay. (C. S., 2697h.)
A ny enlisted man (includin g a n y p o tty officer).
4 6 v e a rs...........^...............
30 years.................... U pon his own application. 75 per cent of pay of his rating plus $15.75 m onthly
in allowances. (C. S.,
2084.)
A ny enlisted m an .................. 20 years.................... D isabled for sea ser v ic e ... Pension equal to 50 per
cent of th e pay of h is rat
in g at th e tim e of his
discharge.3
D o .......................................
D isability resulting from F u ll pay of his rating.3
aviation accident.
1 The N a v y act of May 22, 1917, expressly provides th at an y officer of th e perm anent N avy or Marine
Corps temporarily advanced in grade or rank under th is act w ho shall he retired from active service under
his perm anent commission while holding such temporary rank, except for physical disability incurred in
lin e of d u ty , sh a ll be placed on retired lis t w ith grade or rank to which position in permanent N avy or
Marine Corps would entitle him , and not be entitled to rights of retirem ent except for physical disability
incurred in lin e of d u ty .
J
T w o law s make provision for retirem ent w ith three-fourths of sea pay of n ex t higher grade for officers
serving w ith credit during the Civil War. (C. S., 2641, 2642.)
2 Officers on the active lis t not below grade of commander who have received a vote of thanv« from Con
gress for distinguished service in the Civil War are not subject to retirem ent except for cause u n til after
65 years of service. (C. S.,2624.)
3 See discussion of N a v y pay, pp. 223 to 226.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF
222
A p p e n d ix
F — NAVY RETIREMENT SYSTEM—Continued.
Service.
Person eligible.
Amount.
Age or other reason.
10 years.
D isability.
“ Suitable am ou nt” : Maxi
mum, S3 m onthly. Dou
ble allowance for an avia
tion accident. (C. S.,
9088, 9089, 8986a.)
D o.
16 years.
U pon his ow n request.
Transferred to F leet N aval
Reserve; pay is one-third
of base pay of the rat
in g which he held at close
of active service, plus all
additions earned by
length of service.1
D o.
20 years.
A ny enlisted m a n .
E nlisted man In
N aval Reserve.
F leet
D eath of officer or man
from wounds or disease
contracted in lin e of
du ty.
D eath of officer or man
from aviation accident
in lin e of duty.
N aval service in
an y war.
Transferred to F leet N aval
Reserve; pay is one-half
of base pay of his rating
w ith additions as above.1
(C, S., 2900£b.)
Reserve pay plus $15.75
m onthly allowance.’
30 years,including
active and re-
W idow o i officer or enlisted
man on active lis t, or
other person previously
designated b y him .
A n y m an who has been
awarded a m edal of honor
for distinguished gallan
try.
.d o
65 years..................................
6
m onths’ pay.
2870.)
(C. S.,
1 year’s pay. (C.S.,2870b.)
10 m onthly in addition t®
a n y other pay or pen
sion. (C. S., 1941a-e.)
1See discussion of N avy pay, pp. 223 to 226.
NAVY RETIREMENT----GENERAL NOTES.1
Provisions for officers and men in the Marine Corps are similar to
those for the Army, except that retirement of officers with Civil War
service is like that of Navy officers with Civil War service, and the
provision for men disabled after 10 or 20 years of service in the Navy
applies also to the Marine Corps. The administration is, however,
under the Navy Department. (For Coast Guard retirement, see text
of report, pp. 15 to 17. C. S. 2949—2952b, 2870, 2870b, 8459^a (3),
8459ÿb (23-29), 8542-8543.)
When the Naval Reserve is actively employed it is on the same pay
footing as the Navy. When it is not actively employed its members
are not eligible either to pension or retirement, except the men of the
Fleet Naval Reserve. (See chart, above, and p. 225, following.)
Also, the act of August 29, 1916 (39 Stat. L., 590) provides that
after 20 years of service members who have performed required
m i n i m u m amount of service shall upon application be retired and
1 Based on “ N avy pay tables” in Register of the Commissioned and Warrant Officers of the United
States N avy and Marine Corps, Jan. 1,1917.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MILITARY FORGES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
223
^receive a cash, gratuity equal to total amount of retainer pay during
last term of enrollment. This varies with rank and branch of serv
ice, and is in all cases only a nominal sum.
Enlisted men in the Navy who are disabled after 20 years or 10
years in the service may be granted an allowance in addition to a
pension under the general pension laws. But the man who has
served 10 years, but less than 20 years, may not receive as an allow
ance in addition to a pension more than one-fourth the rate of the
pension.
Navy pay is composed of “ base pay” and “ permanent additions”
thereto.
By “ base pay1” is meant the pay that a man would receive upon
first enlistment in any rating. By “ permanent additions” is meant
the increases in pay a man receives for continuing in the service, for
maintaining a good record, etc. These permanent additions are as
follows:
1. An increase of $1.36 per month for each successive reenlistment.
The reenlistment must occur after honorable discharge from a pre
vious enlistment or after discharge bearing recommendations for
reenlistment, and the reenlistment must occur within four months of
the date of such last discharge. A man in his sixth successive reen
listment would thus receive an addition of $8.16 per month to his base
pay.
2. Every citizen who reenlists receives—for his first reenlistment—
an increase of $5 to his monthly pay. Eor each successive reenlist
ment thereafter he receives an additional $3. At the beginning of
his seventh reenlistment this pay would amount to $23 per month.
3. Men who maintain satisfactory records throughout an enlist
ment and serve in continuous service, etc., are issued good-conduct
medals. These medals carry with them an increase in pay of 75
cents per month. A man holding six medals would receive on this
account, $4.50 per month.'
4. Men who complete prescribed courses of instruction for seaman
gunner or petty officer, and who receive from the Navy Department
certificates to that effect, receive for such certificates, while in con
tinuous service, the sum of $2 per month.
“ Base pay” plus “ permanent additions” make the “ total base
pay” of a man. This total, by act of May 13, 1908, was increased by
10 per cent. Thus if a man’s initial base pay is $50 and bis permanent
additions $15, the 10 per cent on the two ($6.50) would make his total
pay $71.50 per month.
During the period of the present war the base pay of all enlisted
men in the Navy has been increased by from $6 to $15 per month,
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
224
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS POR MEMBERS OF
the largest increase going to the lowest paid men. Before the wai-W
the lowest rating received $17.60 per month. During the con- ^
tinnance of the war the lowest rating will receive $32.60 per month.
Aboard every ship there are many special ratings for which men are
paid extra money. Some of these rates are: Coxswains of steam
launches ($5 per month), crewmessmen ($5), gun pointers ($2 to $10),
gun captains ($5), Navy mail clerk ($5 to $30), submarine duty ($5),
and certain qualified men for submarine duty while the vessel is
engaged in diving receive additional pay not to exceed $15 per month.
Enlisted men in the Navy, while detailed for aviation duty involving
actual flying, receive a 50 per cent increase above their base pay and
permanent additions.
.
Temporary additions are not considered in reckoning retirement or
disability pay. They are, however, included in the death gratuity
which is paid to the widow or other designated person when a man is
killed in service and which amounts to six times the monthly pay the
man was receiving or, if his death occurred in an aviation accident,
12 times his monthly pay, at the date of his death.
__
In reckoning the pay of the man who is transferred to the Fleet
Naval Reserve, disabled after 20 years’ service, or retired after 30
years all permanent additions must be considered.
For example, a first-class seaman who has served 20 years and is
disabled may have been receiving during his twentieth year of serv
ice the following monthly active pay:
Initial base p ay.. .............. ...........- ......... ...........................
Continuous-service pay........................................ .................
Citizenship bonus................... ........ . - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Seaman gunner.. . . . . . ---- . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ----- . . . . . . . . . .
Good-conduct medal (75 cents for each completed term)
Total........................................ . . . . . . . . . .
10 per cent increase under act of May 13,1908
Temporary increase under act of May 22, 1917
$24.00
5.44
14.00
2.00
3.00
48.44
4.84
53.28
8.00
61.28
If he is allowed half pay for disability his half pay is reckoned on
the sum of the initial base pay, the continuous-service pay, and the
citizenship bonus plus the general 10 per cent increase. The special
allowances and the temporary increase would not in his case be
included.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
r-'initial base pay....... ................................................
Continuous-service p a y ............................... Citizenship bonus.._________________ . . . . . ..T.
225
$24 00
544
14 00
.
.
10 per cent increase (act of May 13, 1908)................} ......................................
43.44
4 34
2)47.78
Half pay for disability.....................................................................
23 89
In reckoning the retirement pay of a first-class seaman who has
served 30 years as a seaman and is receiving a base pay of $24 in
active service the same permanent additions must be included, but
the amounts will have increased with the longer service. Also, the
special allowances for seaman gunners, etc., and for good conduct are
without reduction for retired men. And a new allowance
amounting to $15.75 is added as commutation for the living received
in active service.
Imticilbase payContinuous-service pay...................................................................
Citizenship bonus................... .................................... .
■
Total base pay....................... .....................................................
$24 00
9 52
23* 00
gg
To the three-fourths of the total base, or $42,39, should be added
the money allowed for good-conduct medals and certificates of
graduation from seaman gunner or petty officers’ schools, plus the
10 per cent increase allowed under act of May 13, 1908, and the com
mutation of living, thus:
75 per cent total b a se...........................................................................
$42 39
Seaman gunner..........................................................................
2 00
Good-conduct medal (75 cents for each completed term)......... ............................
4 50
10 per cent increase (act of May 13, 1908).. .^................................................
Allowance to retired men (commutation of living)..................................
48.89
4 g9
15 75
69. 53
The retirement pay for petty officers after 30 years’ service varies
with their rating and for a chief petty officer who is a citizen of the
United States and who holds a permanent appointment, a seaman
gunner’s certificate, and good-conduct medals may amount to $107.48
per month.
The enlisted man who is transferred to the Fleet Naval Keserve
after 16 or 20 years of service is subject to call to active duty, but
during his reserve service, when he is not called to active duty, he
receives monthly pay which is one-third or one-half of his base pay,
and besides this he still receives the permanent additions which had
been allowed for continuous service for citizenship, gunnery, or goodconduct medals. He may receive also a .special 10 per cent increase
10735—17----- -15
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
226
governm ental
p r o v is io n s f o r m e m b e r s of
for heroism or, if he has been ip the service 20 years, for efficiency,
sobriety, etc.
V
The pay of the first-class seaman whose base pay is $24 and who
has been in the service 16 years is, therefore, reckoned as follows in
the Fleet Naval Reserve:
Continuous service.
..................- - ...................- - - - ..................... ; . . . . . . . . .
Citizenship bonus.. . . . : ---- .....................• • • - • - - - ..................... ........... - ...............
Seaman gunner................ - -i .................- .................................................... .........
Good-conduct medal (75 cents for each completed term ).
..........
$4.08
11.0^.
2.00
2.25
Initial base............. ................................ . • • - ............................. .............................
19. 33
24. OR
43. 33
One-third of initial base................................. *................................................. .
Permanent additions as above................... ................................
$19.33
10 per cent of initial base plus additions (act of May 13, 1908)..............
4. 33
----- -— 23.66
10 per cent for heroism.......................................................... ........ ........................
Monthly allowance.. . . , - ..............- - ......... — ........ : - - - - - - - - - -
............ - - - -
31.66
3. ^
83
When the enlisted man in the Fleet Naval Reserve has completed
30 years of service (16 active and 14 reserve or 20 active and 10
reserve) he may be retired with the pay he had in the Reserve plus
the $15.75 monthly allowed as commutation of living to retired men.
In addition to all other retirement pay or pension, the enlisted
man who is 65 years old may receive a medal of honor for a record
of distinguished gallantry in the face of the enemy. This includes
an allowance of $10 monthly. •
Officers' 'pay.—The annual pay of officers of the United States
Navy ranges from $10,000 (that of admiral in command of fleet) to
$1,700 (that of ensign). Those below the rank of vice admiral, sec
ond in command, receive an increase of 10 per cent for sea service
and for service outside the United States. Officers of the Navy
below the rank of rear admiral and officers of the Marine Corps
below the rank of brigadier general receive an increase of 10 per cent
for each 5 years of service, not to exceed 40 per cent in all (except
that the maximum pay of captain may not exceed $5,000, of com
mander $4,500, nor of lieutenant commander $4,000). Officers of the
Navy and Marine Corps appointed student aviators and detailed for
aviation duty receive an increase of 35 per cent of rank and service
and those who have qualified as naval aviators an increase of 50 per
cent.
W arrant officers receive annually during the first three years of
service $1,125 while on shore duty and $1,500 when on duty at sea;
this is increased every three years until the maximum of $2,000 is
reached for shore duty and $2,250 for sea duty.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MILITARY FORGES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
2 .2 7
f~ Commutation of quarters, heat, and light is allowed both commis
sioned: and warrant officers while on shore duty, provided there are
no public quarters for their accommodation. The rates are the same
as those allowed to the Army and noted on page 220.
G.—PRESENT PROVISIONS FOR SERVICE PENSIONS FOR SUR
VIVORS OF SPECIFIED WARS AND FOR THEIR WIDOWS AND CHIL
DREN.
A p p e n d ix
SU R V IVO RS.
Beneficiaries.
Service.
Age or other reason.
Amount.
Indian wars:
Surviving officers and 30 days in military or naval
enlisted men, includ
service of the U nited
ing marines, militia,
States, or shorter period
and volunteers in In
if personally named for
dian wars prior to 1861.
specific service in a reso
(G. S. 9058-9067.)
lution of Congress.
Survivors of Texas Vol 30 days, or entire campaign
unteers (1859-1861),
if less than 30 days.
Tyler’s rangers Of 1864,
and “ military service
of U nited States” in
specified Indian wars,
1865-1891. (39 Stat.
L ., 1199.) .
Mexican War:
Surviving officers and
enlisted men, including marines, militia,
and volunteers, durMexican War.
$20 m onthly. (G. S., 9067,
and 39 Stat. U ., 1199.)
60 days or more in military 62 years
or naval service of the
U nited States, or any 70 years
period if actually en 75 years
gaged in battle or person
ally nam ed for specific
service in congressional
resolution. (C. S., 9036.)
A ny person serving dur 60 days or more in military
ing Mexican War.
or naval service of U ni
(C. S., 8968-8969.)
ted States.
Civil Warr act of June 27,
1890:
A ny person who served
during the Civil Wair,
(C. S., 8937.)
$12 m onthly.1 (€ . S., 8964,
9044.)
$15 m onthly.r (C. S., 8964.)
820 m onthly.1 (C. S. 8964 1
$30 m onthly. (C. S., 8968.)
$6 to $12 m onthly, propor
tioned to degree of- in
ability to earn a support.*
Civil War, act of Feb. 6,1907:
A ny person who served
during the Civil War.
(C. S., 8964.)
90 days or more in the mili Incanacitated for
tary or naval service of
manual labour
U nited States.
b y any permar
nent mental' or
physical disabil
ity , not the re
sult of vicious
habits.
90 days or more in the mili [62 years
tary or naval, service of 70 years
U nited States.
[75.years
$12 monthly.*
$15 monthly-.*
$20 monthly.*
Civil War, aet of May 11,
1»12:
A n y person who served
during the Civil War.
(C. S.r 8968-8972.)
90 days or more in mili
tary or naval service of
the U nited States.
Do,
Civil War, act of Aug. 5,1892:
W omen employed by 6 m onths or more of actual
surgeon general of
service.
Arm y as nurses, under
contract or otherwise,
'or b y authority recog
nized b y War Depart
m ent. (G. S., 9070;)
62 years or over. . . $13 to $30 m onthly, accord
ing to age and length. of
service. SeeA ppendixH .
U nfit for manual $30 m onthly,
labor as result of
wound or disease
incurred in line
of duty.
U nable to earn a
support.
$12 monthly,
1 Pensioners m ay receive, upon application, $30 m onthly under act of May 11,1912. (C. S., 8971.)
• 2 A ct of Mar. 4, 1907, allowed pensioner, upon his own application, to receive pension under aet of Feb.
6,1907, instead of under former act. The act of May 11,1912, allowed similar election.
* Pensioner under this act m ay, upon application, be transferred to act of May 11,1912.
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228
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF
PRESENT PROVISIONS FOR SERVICE 'PENiHONS FOR SUR
VIVORS OF SPECIFIED WARS AND FOR THEIR WIDOWS AND CHIL
DREN—Continued.
A p p e n d i x G .—
.
Beneficiaries.
Service of
deceased.
W IDO W S A N D C H IL D R E N .
Cause of death.
Date of
marriage.
War of 1812:
W idow 1of Army 14 days in mili
tary or naval
officer or ens e r v i c e of
• listed or draft
ed m an in War
U nited States
or less if in
of 1812.’ (C; S.,
any engager
9036-9037.).
m ent.
Indian wars:
WidowVof officer 30 days, or, if
p e r s o n a lly
or e n l i s t e d
m an, includ -t nam ed in a
congressional
ing marines,
r e s o lu t io n ,
militia, volunteersin Indian
less than 30
wars prior to
days.
1861. (C. S.,
9058-9066.)
Widows1of those 30 days in miliin Indian wars
taryservice’o f
United States,
1865-1891. ■(39
or entire cam
Stat. L., 1199.)
paign if less
than 30 days.
War w ith Mexico:
W idowi of officer 60 days, br any
period if actu
or
enlisted
ally engaged
man, includ
: in a battle-or
ing -marines,
p e r s o n a lly
militia,or vol
named in a
unteers
in
Mexican War.
congressional
resolution.
(C. S., 9036.)
Civil War, acts of
Apr. 19,1908,2
and Sept. 8,
1916:
W idow of officer 90daysorm ore
in military or
or e n l i s t e d
naval service
man in the
of the U nited
Civil War.
States.
Civil War, act of
June 27, 1890,
as amended:2
Child or chil 90 days.
dren of de
ceased officer
or soldier in
s e r v i c e of
U nited States
during Civil
War:
1. If mother
is widow.
2. If there is
no widow , or
if she has been
remarried or
d e e m e d an
improper per
son to care for
child. (C .S.,
8982.)
Age.
. 70 years.
Amount.
$12
(C.
$20
(C.
$12
m onthly.
S.,.8980.)
monthly.
S., 8981a.)
m onthly.
(C. S., 8980; 39
Stat. L., 1199.)
Before Mar. 4,
1917.
62 years; or if $12
(C.
subject to de
pendency rec
ognized b y
pension laws
of U n i t e d
States.
70 years............ $20
(C.
Before June 27,
1905. (C. S.,
8981c.)
Prior to end of
b u s R a n d ’s
s e r v i c e in
Civil War.
Before June 27,
1905.
Parents mar
ried prior to
June 27,1890.
(C. S., 8982.)
m onthly.
S., 8983.)
m onthly.
S., 8981a.)
$12
m onthly.
(C. S., 8984.)
20
m onthly.
(C.S.,8981a.)
70 years.
Under 16; or 1. $2 m onthly,
foe each child.
over 16 if in
sane, idiotic, 2. Children r e
ceive the wid
or otherwise
ow’s pension
permanently
of $12 and the
helpless pro
s u p p le m e n
vided child
tary allowance
was under 16
of $2 for each
at tim e of
child. (C. S.,
father’s death
8982-8983.)
(C. S., 8982.)
i Children receive no pension under service acts relating to War of 1812, Indian wars, or War w ith Mexico.
* The act of Apr. 19, 1908, has superseded the provisions for widows under act of lim e 27, 1890.
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MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
A p p e n d ix H .—
229
SERVICE PENSIONS FOR CIVIL-WAR,SURVIVORS UNDER
ACT OF MAY 11, 1912. (C. S„ 8968.)
M onthly amount for specified ages.
Length of service.
62 years but 66 years but 70 years but 75 years
under 66.
under 70.
under 75.
and over.
90 d a y s................................
6 m onths...............
1 year.....................
$10 . Ulf14. nn
14.50
2 years.............................
2 years 6 m on ths..........
3 years or m ore.................
A p p e n d ix
$21.00
22.50
27.00
■ 30.00
25.00
I.—PRINCIPAL CHANGES SINCE 1860 IN PENSIONS GRANTED
FOR DISABILITY OR DEATH IN SERVICE.
SU RVIVO RS.
D ate of act.
Service and beneficiary.
M onthly allowance.-
July 22, 1861.
pension. Volunteers in new Army to b e on the ;same $8 to 847.50.
.as Regulars; half pay for total disability; inferior dis
ability m proportion. (12 Stat. L., 270.)
July
Tniir 14,
ifi’ 1862.
(Arm y and N avy Define beneficiaries. F ix rates for total dis.............jj ability by rank, w ith new maxim um. (12 Stai. L.,.566,625.) |88 to £30.
i,’
July 17 , 1862 ............. N avy pensions. Maximum rate for disability incurred in line
2 L x y mcreased to amount of m onthly pay. .(12 Stat. L„
I
DUo. )
V' -
‘ • ■
July 4,1864...............||A rm y and N avy. Introduce and extend military and naval
Mar. 3, 1865
/ pensions higher than half pay of private, granted w ithout reJune 6,1866.
’ '¡I
to ,r„ank> for Permanent specific disabilities. (13 Stàt. jSee A ppendix B.
........ I L., 387, 499; 14 Stat. L., 56.)
July 25, 1866.
Army and N avy pensions. Applies amended rates to persons
disabled before Mar. 4, 1861, except Revolutionary War pen
sioners. (14 Stat. L., 230.)
J
p
Mar. 2, 1867.
N avy pensions Special allowance in addition to general pen- Half pay or less.
sion for disabled sailors and p etty officers who have served
10 years or 20 years.
20 years: Half pay of rating in lieu of home at naval asylum .
10 years: In proportion to disability; maxim um is half pay
of rating and, if in receipt of general pension also,. onefourth of such pension.
(C. S., 9088-9089.)
June 8, 1872 .
A ™ y and N avy pensions. R ates for permanent specific disa See, A ppendix B.
bilities increased. (17 Stat. L., 335.)
Mar. 3, 1873.
Army and N avy pensions. Codifies existing provisions. Fixes
maxim um of $18 for disabilities not specified, to be proportionateiv divided for inferior disabilities. (17 Stat L
566-577.)
June 18,1874.
IArmy and N avy pensions. Rates for permanent specific disaPeb. 28,1877
Do.
| bilities increased. (C. S., 8950, 8954, 8955.)
June 17, 1878.
Jan. 25, 1879..
1
Ar/!?ya
ai),<
L
^
vy
pensions.
Paym
ent
of
arrears
authorised.
Mar. 3 ,1 8 7 9 ..
J (O. b .f 9002-9004.)
Mar. 3, 1879..
June 16,1880.
Mar. 3,1 8 8 3 ..
Mar. 3,1 8 8 5 ..
A Uny and N avy pensions. R ates for permanent specific disaAug. 4,1886..
• bilities increased. (C. S„ 8956, 8951, 8959; 23 Stat. L , 437Do.
Aug. 27,1888.
C. S., 8960, 8962, 8957, 8952, 8953!)
’
’
’
Peb. 12, 1889.
Mar. 4,1 890..
July 14,1892.
Mexican War. Pensioners now on rolls and w holly disabled
Jan. 5,1893...
^a^>0r an<^ m destitute circumstances. (C. S., IMinimum rate is
Apr. 23, 1900.
904z, 904-5.)
j creased to $12.
Mar. 2 ,1 895..
Army and N avy pensions. Minimum for inferior disability. $ 6.
(C. S., 9072.)
J
Jan. 15,1903..
IArmy and N avy. R ates for permanent specific disabilities in- js e e A ppendix B.
Mar. 2,1903..
j creased. (C. S., 8963, 8961, 8958.)
Apr. 8 ,1 904..
May 11,1912..
Civil War, military and naval service. Unable to perform $30.
.
_ manual labor as result of wound. (C. S., 8968-8972.)
Mar. 3,1 9 1 5 ..
N avy pension. Double rate allowed for disability from avia
tion in line of duty. (C. S., 8986a.)
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230
A p p e n d ix
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF
I.—PRINCIPAL CHANGES SINCE I860 IN PENSIONS GRANTED
FOR DISABILITY OR DEATH IN SERVICE—Continued.
W IDO W S A N D OTH ER D E P E N D E N T S .
Service and beneficiary.
Date of act.
July 22,1861.
July 14,1 8 6 2 ...
July 1«, 18 6 2 ...
July 4, 1864......
Mar. 3,1865___
June 6,1866___
July 2 5 ,1 8 6 6 ...
July 27,1868.
Mar. 3,1873 . . .
Jan. 25,1879..
Mar. 3,1 879..
Mar. 19,1886.
June 27, 1890.
Mar. 3,1901..
Feb. 28, 1903.
Mar. 3,1915.
Sept. 8,1916.
A p p e n d ix
A rm y pensions. W idow or legal heirs of man killed in battle
(volunteers in new army raised for the Civil War). (12 Stat.
L ., 270:).
Army; and' N a v y pensions. W idow or children under 16 years
old, or dependent’parents or brothers or sisters under 16, of
man killed in service or as result of injury in line of duty are
to receive pension th e deceased would nave received for “ total
disability?’ A m ount varies w ith rank. (See Appendix D .)
(12 S ta t.L ., 566,.625; 13 Stat. L ,, 387, 499; 14 Stat. L ., 56.)
A rm y and N avy pensions:
Widow receives supplem entary m onthly allowance for each
child under 16 yearn old.
W idows on roll because of- deaths before Mar. 4,. 1861, and
subsequent to R evolution receive pensions at amended
rates. (14 Stat. L ., 230.)
A rm y and N avy pensions. W idow is not to be deprived of sup
plem entary allowance for th e children because th ey are in
mates of a home. W idow does not receive allowance on behalf
of children of a former wife unless th ey are in her charge.
Minimum for widow receiving pension because of husband’s
service in R evolutionary War. (15 Stat. L ., 235,287.)
Army and N a v y pensions. Codifies existing laws and deques
legitim acy of child for their administration. (17 Stat. L .,
566-577.)
\A rm y ana. N avy pensions. Arrears am to be-paid. (G. S.,
I 9002-9004.)
A rm y a n d N a v y pensions. Minimum rate for widows (mar
ried-before 1886), for children, if there is no widow or she has
remarried, and for dependent relatives. (C. S ., 8980.)
Army and N a v y pensions. Provisions concerning dependency
of parents are amended. Helpless children are to continue to
receive pension for life. (C. S., 8992.)
A rm y and N avy pensions. W idow who had forfeited pension
i through remarriage and has again become a widow m ay re: ceive pension if she was wife of officer or enlisted man during
his period of service and is left w ithout means of support.
1 (C. S., 8993-8995.)
N a v y pension. W idow s (or other dependents) receive double
rate if death is due to aviation accident in line of du ty. (C..S.,
8986a.).
A rm y and N avy. W idows of"men w ho served in Civil War,
Mexican. W ar, or War of 1812,.if th ey are now 70 years old, or
widows of men who served in C ivil War If th ey were married
before close of Civil War service. (C. S .,:8981a-b.).
Monthly allowance.
$100 lum p sum.
-$8 to $30.
$8 to $30.
$ 12.
$24 to $60.
Minimum,
J.—PRINCIPAL. CHANGES SINCE 1860 IN PENSIONS GRANTED
FOR SERYICE IN SPECIFIED WARS.
SU R V IV O R S.
Monthly
April 1, 1864—Revolutionary War:
allowance.
Survivors already on rolls at half their pay to receive annually $100 additional. (13
Stat. L ., 39).
February 14, 1871—War of 1812:
S ixty d a y s’ service or having been personally named in a congressional resolution. (16 Stat. E.,
411).........................................................................................................................................................................
$8
March 9, 1878—War of 1812:
Service period shortened to 14 days or participation in an y engagement. (€ . S., 9052-9057).........
8
January 29, 1887—Mexican War:
S ixty da y s’ service, or actually engaged in battle, or personally named b y Congress, and 62 years
old or disabled. (C. S., 9036-9041)................................................................................................................
8
June 27, 1890—Civil War;
N inety days’ service and any disability not the result of vicious habits incapacitating for manual
labor. (C. &., 8937)................................................................................................. ..................................... 6 to 12
July 27, 1892—Indian Wars before 1861 (specified campaigns):
Thirty days’ service o r having been personally named in a congressional resolution. (C. Si,
9058-9063)........ ............ ............................................................... , ......................................................................
8
August 5, 1892—Civil War:
Women nurses who served six months or more, if unable to earn a support. (G. S., 9070)..............
12'
January 5, 1893—Mexican War:
For pensioners an roll under act of January 29, 1887, if wholly disabled for manual labor and
destitute. (C. S., 9042)................................................................................................... Rate increased to
12
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MILITARY FORCES AND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
231
Aprll23, 1900—Mexican War:
a t a 'a n w .
E xtends provision of Januarj? 5, 1893, to all pensionable survivors......................... ...........................
$12
May 9, 1900—C iviivWar:
Under aet of June 27, 1890, “ each and every infirm ity shall be duly considered.’’ (C. S.,
8 9 3 7 ) , : . . . . . . . , . . ........ .................................................................................................................................. 6 to 12
June 27, 1902. Indian Wars before 1861:
A dditional campaigns included under provisions of July 27, 1892. (C. S., 9065)................................
8
March 3, 1903—Mexican War:
AH pensioners. (C. S., 9044).......................................................... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rate increased to
12
February 6, 1907, and Mareb 4, 1907—Mexican War:
Rates increased w ith age—
12
60 da y s’ service, 62 years and over................................ .................................................. .......................
60 days’ service, 70 years and over........................ . . . . . . . .................................................................
15
60 days’ service, 76 years and over.'.___............................................................... .................................
20
(C. S., 8964^-8967.)
Same acts—Civil War:
Age of 62 years accepted as pensionable disability and rates increased w ith a g e 12
90 days’ service, 62years and over..'....... .................. ......................... ....... ........... ........ ........... ...........
90 days’ service, 70-years and over.................... ..................................................... ; ................................
15
90 days’ service, 73 years and over......... ............................r. . : . . . . ...................................................
20
(C. Sv, 8964-8967.)
May 30> 1908—Indian Wars before 1861:
Additional campaigns included under provisions Of July 27, 1892. (C. S., 9066).................................
8
May 11,1912—Mexican War:
S ix ty da y s’ service. (C. S., 8 9 6 8 -8 9 7 2 ) ................................................ .......................................
3^
Same act—Civil War:
Rates increased in proportion to age and length of service. (See-Table H ) . . . ............................... 13 to 36
A n y survivor, a n y service, incapacitated as result of wound, e tc......................... ................
30
(C. S., 8968-8972.)
February 19,1913—Indian W ars before 1861:
Pensioners under previous acts. (C. S.,9067)..........................................Rate increased to
20
March 4,1917—Indian Wars since 1861:
30 da y s’ service, or entire campaign, and 62 years old. (39 Stat. L., 1199).........................................
20
W IDO W S A N D C H IL D R E N .
A pril 2, 1862. Revolutionary War:
No new claims for pensions to be received except on behalf of widow whose husband had estab
lished claim, or children whose mother had established claim. (C. S., 9069.)
Ju ly 27, 1868. R evolutionary War:
Minimum for widow receiving pension because of husband’s service in R evolutionary War.
(15 Stat. L ., 237.)......................- ...................................................................... ......................... Raised to
February 14,1871. War of 1812:
W idow of man who served 60 days or was personally named b y Congress, if she was married
before the treaty of peace which term inated the war. Children not included. (16 Stat. L
4 1 1 .) ....................................................................................................................................................................
March 9, 1878. R evolutionary War:
W idow of m an who served 14 days. (20 Stat. L ., 27)........................................ ■......................................
Same act. War of 1812:
H usband’s service period shortened to 14 days or participation in any engagement and lim ita
tion on date of marriage removed. Children not included. (C. S., 9052-9057.)....................... .
March 19, 1886. A ll widows and children who are pensionable under existing acts. (C. S., 8980.).
R ate raised to .'....................................'.................; ....................................................................................
January 29, 1887. Mexican War:
W idow of man who served 60 days or was actually engaged in battle or was personally named
b y Congress, if she is 62 years old or dependent. Children not included. (C. S., 9036-9037.).
June 27, 1890. Civil War:
W idow of man who served 90 days, if she had married him before June 27,1890, and is left without means of support.............................................. ........................................................... ; . ........................
For each child under 16, supplem entary allow ance.....................................................................................
Children receive th e widow’s pension and supplem entary allowance, if there is no widow or
widow has remarried.
Helpless children receiving pension under 16 years of age retain it for life.
(C. S., 8982.)
July 27, 1892. Indian Wars before 1861 (specified campaigns):
W idow of man who served 30 days or was personally named b y Congress, children not included.
(C. S., 9058-9063)........................................................................ .......................................... ............................
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
8
8
8
8
12
8
g
2
s
232
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF
Monthly
May 9, 1900. Civil War:
allowance.
W idow m ay receive pension under act of June 27, 1890, if she has income hot exceeding $250.
...................................................................................
$8
' (C. | | 8 9 3 7 .)..,
June 27,1902. Indian Wars before 1861:
"Additional campaigns included in provisions of July 27, 1892. (C. S., 9065.) W idow receives..
8
A pril 19, 1908. A ll pensionable widows or children receiving pension because there is no widow or
she has remarried:
Rate increased to.................. . . .............................. ...................................................................- ........................
Supplementary allowance for each child is unchanged...................................... ..................... ...............
2
(C. S., 8983-8985.)
Sam e act. Civil War:
Widow of man who served 90 days is eligible for pension, if she was married to him before June
. 27, 1890, w ithout lim itation as to income. (C .S ., 8983-8985.)..............................................................
12
May 30,1908. Indian Wars before 1861:
. Additional campaigns included in provisions of July 27, 1892, (C. S., 9066.) Widow receives..
12
Septem ber 8,1916: War of 1812 and Mexican War: *
Pensionable widow, if she is 70 years old. (C. S., 8981a.).................... ............ Rate increased t o ..
20
Sam e act. Civil War:
Pensionable widow, if she was married before close of husband’s Civil V/ar service or is 70 years
old, rate increased t o . ' . . . . . . . ' . .................................................... .............................. .................................
20
Extends date of marriage for widow to receive pension under act of April 19,1908, to June 27,1905.
12
Widow dropped from' pension roll because of remarriage is to be restored to roll if she again
- becomes a widow.'
(Ç, 8., 8981a-d.)
March 4,1917. Indian Wars, 1861-1891:
W idow of man who served 30 days or entire campaign. Children not included. (39 Stat. L.,
12
1200:)...........A . . . .................................................... . : ...................... .................................................................
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MILITARY FORCES .A ND THEIR DEPENDENTS.
233
(INCLUDING TREASURY SETELEMENTS)1 FOR PENSIONS TO UNITED STATES ARMY AND NAVY
I860—1916.
.
’
[Data from annual reports of U nited States Commissioner of Pensions.]
Year ended Jime 3 0 -
Number
of pen
sioners.
Total
1860..
1861..
1862..
1863..
1864..
1865..
1866..
1867..
1868..
1869..
1870..
1871..
1872..
1873..
1874..
1875..
1876..
1877..
1878..
1879..
1880..
1881...
1882...
1883..
1884..
1885..
1886..
1887..
1888..
1889..
1890..
1891..
1892..
1893..
1894..
1895..
1896..
1897..
1898..
1899..
1900..
1901..
1902..
1903..
1904..
1905..
1906..
1907..
1908..
1909..
1910..
1911..
1912..
1913..
1914..
1915..
1916..
.
Disbursements for pensions..
Total.
2 3$4,975,207,201.05
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
11,284
10, 709
^10,232
14,791
51,135
85,986
126,722
155,474
169,643
187,963
198.686
207,495
232,229
238,411
236,241
234,821
232,137
232,104
223,998
242.755
250,802
268,830
285,697
303,658
322.756
345,125
365,783
406,007
452,557
489,725
537,944
676,160
876,068
966,012
969.544
970,524
970,678
976,014
993,714
991,519
993,529
997,735
999,446
996.545
994,762
998,441
985,971
967,371
951.687
946,194
921,083
892,098
860,294
820,200
785,239
748,147
709,572
1,103,562.03
1,073,061.55
790,384.76
*1,025,139.91
84,504,616.92
8,525,153.11
15.450.549.88
20,784,789.69
23,101,509.36
28,513,247.27
29,351,488.78
28,518,792.62
• 1 29,752,746.81
26.982.063.89
30,206,778.99
29,270,404.76
27,936,209.53
28,182,821.72
26,786,009.44
- 33,664,428.92
56.689.229.08
50,583,405.35
54,313,172.05
60,427,573.81
57,912,387.47
65,171,937.12
64.091.142.90
73.752.997.08
78,950,501.67
88,842,720.58
106,093,850.39
117,312,690.50
139,394,147.11
156.906.637.94
139,986,726.17
139,812,294.30
138.220.704.46
139.949.717.35
144.651.879.80
138.355.052.95
138,462,130.65
138,531,483.84
137,504,267.99
137.759.653.71
141,093,571.49
141,142,861.33
139,000,288.25
138.155.412.46
153,093,086.27
161,973,703.77
159,974,056.08
157.325.160.35
152.986.433.72
174.171.660.80
172,417,546.26
165,518,266.14
159,155,089.92
Army.
$4,841,059,361.74
‘965,486.24
922,892.99
676,113.60
885,068.47
4,340,368.608,319,672.49
15,158,598.64
20,552,948.47
22,811,183.75
28.168.323.34
29,043,237.00
28.081.542.41
29,276,921.02
26,502,528.96
29.603.159.24
28,727,104. 76
27,411,309.53
27,659,461.72
26,251,725.91.
33,109,339.92
55.901.670.42
49.419.905.35
53,328,192.0559,468,610.70
56.945.115.25
64,222,275.34
63,034,642.90
72,464,236.69
77,712,789.27
86,996,502.15
103,808,850.39
114,744,750.83
135.914.611.76
153.045.460.94
136.495.965.61
136,156,808.35
134,632,175.88
136.313.914.64
140,924,348.71
134,671,258.68
134,700,597.24
134.743.790.81
133,655,245.75
133.922.252.95
137,010,616.93
136,945,695.26'
134.796.283.62
133,906,700.66
148.158.735.77
156,636,689.29
154.638.598.81
151,932,675.04
147.666.611.64
168.149.975.96
166.369.641.78
159,707,790. 75
153,448,386.51
'N avy.
$134,151,842.08
138; 075.79
150,168.56
114,271.-16
144,074.61
164; 247.92
205,'480.62
291,951.24
231,841.22
290,325.’6i
344,923.93
308.251.78
437.250.21
475.825.79
'
479,»534.93
603,619.75
543.300.00
' 524,900.00
523,360100
.
534,283.53
555.089.00
787,558.66
T, 163,500.00
984.980.00
958,963.11
967.272.22
949,661.78
1.056.500.00
1.288.760.39
1.237.712.40
1,846,218.43
2,285,000.00
2,567,939.67
3,479,535.35
3.861.177.00
3.490.760.56
3,655,485.95
3,588,528.58
• 3,635,802.71
3,727,531.09
3.683.794.27
3.761.533.41
3,787,693.03
3,849,022.24
3,837,400.76
4.082.954.56
4.197.166.07
4,204,004.63
4,248,711.80
4,934,350.50
5.337.014.48
5.335.457.27
5,392,485.31
5.319.822.08
6,021,684.84
6.047.904.48
5,810,475.39
5.706.703.41
beneficiaries whose pensions had reverted to the Treasury
because th ey could not be located when pensions were due.
*
™c]u1rling 84,003.17 paid from N avy pension and privateers act.
4
Aw’40 to?i m ?£h - * § ee « g ° l t of U . S. Pension Commissioner, 1864 pp. 653, 654.
* Including 2,073 on rolls of Southern States.
2
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS FOR MEMBERS OF
234
A p p e n d i x L .—
DISABILITY AND SERVICE PENSIONS (EXCLUDING
ENTS—NUMBER OE PENSIONERS AND
[Data from annual reports of U nited States Commissioner of Pen
Pensions for disability.
Grand total.
Fiscal
year
ended
June
30.
Survivors.
Total.
N um
ber of
pen-
Amount
paid.
N um
ber of
pen
sioners.
N um
ber.
Amount
paid. -
N um
ber.
,®
Amount
paid.
$819,310,317.73
$1,916,325,408.16
12,735,685,725.89
2?4,946,792,242.90
'Potai.
Amount
paid.
Widows and other
dependents.
635, 751.10
5,926
467,810.93
5,494
603, 512.16
469,549.39
428, 835.01
3,818
361,549.75
591, 417.11
6,970
437,725.97
1,440,975.27 27,656 3,063, 641.25
2,206,342.06 50,106 6.318, 811.05
3,872,161.90 71,070 9,587, 834.53
6,505,773.83 83,618 12,114, 182.68
7,582,156.85 93,686 16,428, 825.14
9,509,354.99 105,104 18,913 529.09
9,137,362.43 111,165 18,643, 443.38
1860..
1861..
1862-.
1863..
1864..
1866..
1866..
1867..
1868..
1869..
1870..
11,284
10,709
8,159
14,791
51,135
85,986
126,722
155,474
169,643
187,963
198.686
1,103, 562.03
1,073, 061.55
790, 384.76
1,029, 143.08
4,504, 616.52
8,525, 153.11
13,459, 006.43
18,619, 956.46
24,010, 981.99
28,422, 884.08
27,780, 805.81
11,284
10.709
8,159
14,791
51,135
85,986
126,722
155,474
169,643
187.963
198,686
1,103, 562.03
1,073, 061.55
790, 384.76
1, 020, 143.08
4,504, 016.52
8,525, 153.11
13,459, 996.43
18,019 956,46
24,010 .081.99
28,422 .884.08
27,7801,805.81
53
5,215
4,341
7,821
23,479
35,880
55,652
71,856
75,957
82,859
87,521
1871..
1872..
1873..
1874..
1875..
1876..
1877..
1878..
1879..
1880..
1881..
1882..
1883..
1884..
1885..
207,495
232,229
238,411
236,241
234,821
232,137
232,104
223,998
242.755
250,802
268,830
285,697
303,658
322.756
345,125
33,077, 383.63
30,169, 341.00
29,185, 289.52
30,593, 749.56
29,683, 116.63
28,351, 590.60
28,122, 683.48
26,530, 792.10
29,642, 430.13
37,046, 185.80
49,723, 147.52
53,924, 566.20
60^064, 009.23
56,908, 597.60
64,933, 288.12
206,768
212,102
215,092
213.309
213,783
212,944
214,693
209,866
209,940
215,914
233.903
253,902
’277,391
290,346
324,968
38.074.317.58
27.855.931.58
26,417,378.95
28,888,900.21
27.794.516.56
26.816.789.56
26,826,476.75
25.467.301.58
26,435,204.93
33,597,417,36
46,719,738.77
51,422,083.72
57,824,132.01
54,043,406,66
63,207,000.59
92,667
06,854
101,234
104,008
107,114
110,033
115,921
121,242
126,994
135,272
155,212
175,499
201, 111
221,572
244,201
12,494, 565.73
10,294, 588.34
10,725, 797.49
11,027, 553.22
11,934, 109.61
12,046, 820.65
13,155, 163.55
13,271, 339.48
14.982, 867.79
20,876, 940.64
34,531. 541.57
39,218; 215.71
44.807, 719.81
41,416, 331.08
47,845, 006.93
114,101
115,248
113,858
109,301
106,669
102,911
98.772
•88,624
82,946
80,642
78,691
78,403
76,280
77,774
80,767
20,579, 751.85
17,561, 343. m
15,691, 581.46
17, 361, 346.99
15,860, 406.95
14,769, 968.91
13,671, 313.20
12,195, 962.10
11,452, 337.14
12,720, 476.72
12,188, 192.20
12,203, 868.01
13,016, 412.20
13,527, 075.58
15,361, 993.66
1886..
1887..
1888..
1889..
1890..
1801..
1892..
1893..
1894..
1895..
1896..
1807.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
365,783
406,007
452,557
489,725
537,944
676, Î60
876,068
966,012
969.544
070,524
970,678
976,014
.993,714
991,519
993,529
997,735
3 63,758, 645.65
3 73,447, 639.92
5 78,756, 847.44
« 88,260, 507.56
U05,511, 959.75
8116,859, 703.41
9139,035, 612.68
156,641, 698.95
139,774, 654.83
139,749, 245.80
138,049, 540.41
139,799, 242.12
144,547, 962.63
138,253, 922.91
138,338, 469.87
138,405, 159.74
350,847
384.709
419,800
4-55,887
504,999
530,174
506,074
475,662
467,759
459,886
440.144
438,080
426,770
414,755
403.145
392,090
6-2,155, 359.62
71,520, 013.79
74.641, 770.65
84,319, 8® , 45
101,786, 790.85
104,571, 848.32
84,676, 660.15
85,274, 588.13
78,131, 509.97
77,008, 933.05
76,188, 312.26
74,865, 082.92
75,168, 753.73
71,044, 760.70
69,889, 938.71
68,945, 322.00
268,807
297.726
326,835
356,031
398,083
419,046
394,794
365,440
362,274
357,223
349,624
341,087
331,913
¡321,678
¡311,484
301,230
46,285, 072.17
50,179, 146.66
53,970, 451.09
57,338, 580.29
75,252, 712.06
76,255, 717.23
63,154, 515.76
68,413, 495.42
59.522, 220.14
59,382, 212.01
58,960, 629.15
57,955, 504.18
58,398, 678.25
56,082, 005.41
55,240, 323.69
53.983, 513.99
82,040
86,983
92,965
99.856
106,916
111,128
111,280
110,222
105,485
102,663
99,520
96.993
94.857
93,077
91,661
90,860
15,870, 287.45
21,341, 467.13
20,671, 319.56
26,981, 303.16
26,534, 078.79
28,316, 131.09
21,522, 144.39
21,861, 092.71
18.609, 379.83
17,626, 721.04
17,227, 683. II
16,909, 578.74
16,770, 075.48
15,012, 755.29
14,649, 615.02
14.961, 808.01
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907.
1908.
1909.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
1915.
1916.
999,446
996.545
994,762
098,441
985,971
967,371
951.687
046,194
921,083
892,098
860,294
820,200
785,239
748,147
709,572
137,400, 742.17
137,646, 132.41
140,979, 469. 72
141,036, 612.50
138,864, 409.45
138,030, 894.22
152,959, 537.96
161,-883, 599.35
159,972, 015.18
157,323, 102.73
152,986, 105.22
174,160, 717.85
172,408, 518.29
165,518, 266.14
159,155, 089.92
381,107
370,235
355,720
337,790
326.964
299,979
264,387
252,594
241,316
230.309
217,747
172,289
157,466
149,998
140,384
67,134, 115.52
66,554,. 973.41
66,805, 701.23
64,854, 154.54
62,667, 691.90
60,627, 001.30
55,316, 539.33
53,604, 939.20
51,466, 014.35
50,081, 337.18
47,723, 111.25
43,310, 748.77
35,515, 542.21
32,873, 864.34
30,708, 635.48
288,936
277,481
262.726
245,125
233,669
208,923
174,378
165,458
157,544
150,203
141,451
100,518
89,516
84,948
79,247
52.523, 235.91
51,482, 730.59
51,559, 497.80
49.808, 945.84
47,905, 172.75
46.258, 604.88
41,354, 275.67
39,710, 576.23
38,109, 158.38
37,278, 386.73
35.500, .429.21
31,575, 761.79
24,428, 518.86
22.258, 063.99
20,627, 947.06
92,171
92,754
92.994
92,665
93.295
91,056
90,009
87.136
83.772
80,196
76.296
71,771
67,950
65,050
61.137
14.610, 879.61
15,072, 242.82
15,336, 203.43
15,045, 208.70
14,762, 519.15
14,368, 396.42
13.962, 263.66
13,894, 362.97
13,356, 855.97
12,802, 950.45
.12, 222, 682.04
.11.734, 986.98
11,087, 023.35
10,615, 800.35
10,080, 688.42
1 Paym ents by Treasury Department to beneficiaries whose pensions had reverted to the Treasury
because they could not be located when pensions were due.
2 Exclusive of arrears, total, $120,144.53.
a Exclusive of arrears of $39,189.56.
* Exlcusive of arrears of $19,941.95.
https://fraser.stlouisfed.org
Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
MILITARY FORCES AND- TTIEIR DEPENDENTS.
2:35
BEASURY SETTLEMENTS)1 PAID TD SURVLVOBS AND TO DEPENDNNUAL DISBURSEMENTS, 1860-1916.
sioqs and data in office of Auditor of the Department of the Interior.}
Pensions for service.
Total.
Number
of pen
sioners.
Widows and other
dependents.
Survivors.
Am ount
paid..
Amount
paid.
Numtoer.
$2,211,156,517.01
Number.
$1,604,651,773.16
Amount
paid.
Nurses.
N um
ber.
$604,7-11,615.55
Am ount
paid.
$1,793,128.30
j
727
3,066.05
23,-319
22^,932
21,038
19,193
17,411
14:,.132
32,815
34,888
34,927
31>.79o
26,267
23,410
20,157
2,-767,910.57
2, .204,849.35
1,888,600.07
1,534,810.13
1,.296,206-. 73
1 ,0ó3,490.. 52
3,.207,225.20
3,448,768.53
3,003,413'. 75
"
2,239,877.22
1,965,190.94
1,726,287.53
727
17,100
18,266.
17,620
15,875
14,206
12,802
10,407
11,621
10,138
8,898
7, 134
4,931
3,898
2, y43
2,555.05.
1,977,415.84
2,078,606.98
1,588,832.95
1,355,599.86
1,089,037.18
. 934) 657.82
768,918.47
1,014,525.66
790,710.39
621,612.80
478,274.85
357,334.81
278,888.85
208,021.20.
3,027
5,053
5,312
5,. 163
4,987
4,609
3,725
21,194
24,750
26,029
24,661
21,336
19,512
17,212
JBBU.fi®
335,993.63
689,303. 59
616,016.40
533,000.21
445,7Z2.95
361,548.91
29.4,572.05
2,192,699,54
2,658,058.14
2,381,800.95
2,024,207.63
1,882,542. 41
1,686,302.09
1,518,266.33
14,936
21,298
32,757
33,838
32,945
145,986
369,994
490,350
501,785
510,638
521,534
537,934
566,944
576,764
590,384
605,645
1,603,286.03
1,927,026.13
4,.115,076.79
3,.940,714.11
3,.725,168.90
12,287,855.09
54,358,952. 53
71,.366,510.82
61,.6®, 054.86
62,7«), 312.75
61,861,228.15
64,93.4,159.20
69,379,208.90
67,209,162.21
68,448,531..16
69,459,837.74
1,539
8,572.
16,866
17,668
17,571
117,775
308,448
393,982
391,694
393,734
398,350
405,742
425,943
431,773
440,380
446,769
• 144,389 59
158,985.69
1,935,415.55
1,849,699.57
1,766,874.63
9,458,727.04
45,282,238.13
56,133,573.07
46,834,053.62
48,223,806. 77
46,897,009.22
48,022,331.04
51,351,502.80
50,318,247.18
51,580,866.13
51,842,196.27
13,397
12,726
15,891
16,170
15,374
28,211
61,546
96,084
109,677
116,405
122,644
131,529
140,346
144,338
149,358
158)226
1,458,896.44
1,768,040.44
2,179,661.24
2,091,014. 54
1)958,294.27
2,831,128.05
9,076,714.40
15,214,594.80
14,743,318.38
14,437,225 72
14) 879,939.21
16,821,548.49
17,921,076.71
16,791,365 3.6
16,767,211.83
17,520,503. &7
284
414
499
540
663
655
653
646
650
18,342 95
fifi- 082 8$
7ft 22(1. 2K
84; 189.72
90 279 07
106* 629 3ft
99,549. 07
100,453,20
97,137.00
618,339
626,310
639,042
660,651
659,007
667,392
687,300
693,600
679,767
661,699
642,547
647,911
627,773
598,149
569,188
70,266,626.65
71,091,159.00
74,083,768.49
76,182,-457.96
76,196,717.5.5
77,403,892.92
97,.642,998. 63
108,278,660.15
108,506,000.83
107,241,765.55
105,262,993.97
130,849,969.08
13S, 892,976.08
132,644,401.80
128,446,454.44
449,873
451,251
457,580
472,033
467,235
471,014
483,603
467,099
444,636
419,847
396,549
402,787
380,815
352,500
323,873
51,764,799:99
51,962,961.72
54,182,693.30
56,020,130.76
56,306,958.24
57,171,569.10
76,566,198.47
75,478,824.04
74,187,856.02
72,125,95935
69,575,638.55
94,686,149.48
100,600,119.10
96,484,903.58
92,193,952.45
167,832
174,435
180,847
188,015
191,193
195,836
203,097
226,023
234,689
241,446
245,636
244,796
246,666
245,374
245,063
18,408,464.19
19,038,470.48
19,808,421.32
20,008,151.87
19,803,654.65.
20,149,958.89
21,000,148.09
32,728,207.11
34,251,140.88
35,053,949:27
35,631,927.59
36,113,262.97
36,247,268.58
36,116,895.29
36,212,564.79
634
624
606
603579
542
510
478
442
406
362
328
292
275
252
93 362:47
89, 720. 80.
94,008 . 87
94,175 8^
86,104.06
82,364 93
76,652 (17
71,629 (10
67,003 93
61,856 93
55,427.83
50,556 63
45,588.40
42,602.93
39Í 937.2Ö
1
5 E xclusive of arrears of $11,598.40.
8 E xclusive of arrears of $14,515.72.
i E xclusive of arrears of $16,220.63.
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
8 E xclusive of arrears of $13,076.27.
9 E xclusive of arrears of $5,602.06.
GOVERNMENTAL PROVISIONS.
236
M.—NUMBER OF WIDOWS, OTHER DEPENDENTS, SURVIVORSAND ARMY NURSES ON THE PENSION ROLL AT THE CLOSE OF EACH
FISCAL YEAR, 1860-1916.
A p p e n d ix
[Data from annual reports, o f the U nited States Commissioner cf Pensions.]
Widows and dependents.
Year ended June 30—
Grand
total.
Total.
11, 284
1860..
1861..
1862..
1863..
1864..
1865..
1866..
1867..
1868..
1869..
1870..
1871..
1872..
1873..
1874..
1875..
1876..
1877..
1878..
1879..
1880..
1881..
1882..
1883..
1884..
1885..
1886..
1887..
1888..
1889..
1890..
1891.
1892.
1893.
1894.
1895.
1896.
,1897.
1898.
1899.
1900.
1901.
1902.
1903.
1904.
1905.
1906.
1907.
1908.
1909.
1910.
1911.
1912.
1913.
1914.
1915.
1916.
10, 709
110 232
,
14,791
51, 135
85, 968
126, 722
155, 474
169, 643
187, 963
198, 686
207, 495
232, 229
238, 411
236, 241
234, 821
232, 137
232, 104
223, 998
242, 755
250, 802
268, 830
285, 697
303, 658
322, 756
345, 125
365, 783
406, 007
452, 557
489, 725
537, 944
676, 160
876, 068
966, 012
969, 544
970, 524
970, 678
976, 014
993, 714
991, 519
993, 529
997, 735
999, 446
996, 545
994, 762
998, 441
985, 971
967, 371
951, 687
946, 194
921 ,083
892;,098
860.,294
820!,200
785,239
748i, 147
709;i,572
l Including 2,073 on rolls of Southern States.
5,926
5^494
3, 818
6| 970
27^644 .................
50,104
71,070
83,' 618
93,686
1Ò5, 104
111,165
114,101
•
115,248
U 8; 911
114,613
55,849
111,832
54,687
107,898
53,329
103,381
51,830
50,490
92,349
8104,140
105^ 392
66,534
104,720
70,632
70,921
103,064
66,655
97,616
67,033
97,286
66,275
97,979
63,670
95,437
99,709 . 65,822
108,856
73,037
78,564
116,026
84,331
122,290
100, 710
139,339
130,932
172,826
161,490
206,306
215,162
173,079
219,068
179,192
185,362
222,164
194,021
228,522
235,203
203,630
208,728
237,415
214,798
241,019
224,563
249,086
260,003
236,910
245,814
267,189
254,135
273,841
262,098
280,680
284,488
267,155
286,892
270,767
278,088
293,106
298,853
313,159
304,842
318,461
308,613
321,642
321,932
309,399
304,923
316,567
303,527
314,616
310,424
299,858
296,089
306,200
1
Other
dependents.
58,764
57.145
54,569
51,551
41,859
38,858
34,088
32,143
30,961
30,253
31,704
31,767
33,887
35,819
37,462
37,959
38,629
41,894
44,816
42,083
39,876
36,802
. 34,501
31,573
28,687
26,221
24,523
23,093
21,375
19,706
18,582
17,333
16,125
15,018
14,306
13,619
13,029
12,533
11,644
11,089
10,566
10, 111
Survivors.
Army
nurses.
5,358
5,215
4,341
7,821
23,491
35,882
55', 652
71,856
75,957
82,859
87; 521
93;394
113,954
119,500
I 2 1 ; 628
122,989
124,239
128,723
131,649
138, 615
I 45; 410
164,110
182, 633
206,042
225,470
247,146
270,346
306,298
343,701
373, 699
415,654
536, 821
703,242
759,422
753,968
750,957
747,974
746,829
757,856
753,451
751,864
747,999
738,809
728,732
720,315
717,158
.700,904
679,937
658,071
632,557
602,180
570,050
538,000
503,305
470,331
437,448
403,120
8 “ W idows’ roll ” for 1879 was not analyzed.
o
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Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis
Widows.
284
414
499
540
663
655
653
646
650
634
624
606
603
579
542
510
478
442
406
362
328
292
275
252
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