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Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment, 1998 U.S. Department of Labor Alexis M. Herman, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Katharine G. Abraham, Commissioner November 1999 Bulletin 2524 Preface A mated undercount, are not generally available for geographic areas below the State level. The CPS metropolitan area and city estimates may differ from the official estimates produced by the individual States through the LAUS program. CPS estimates are provided herein because they are the only current source of information on demographic and economic characteristics for these areas. Official 1998 annual average LAUS estimates for metropolitan areas appeared in the May 1999 issue of Employment and Earnings. Official LAUS estimates for metropolitan areas and cities were published in the report, Supplement to Unemployment in States and Local Areas, 1998 and on the BLS website. Geographic definitions for metropolitan areas in this publication reflect those issued by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) on June 30, 1993. (See appendix C.) Some rates and ratios in this pubication were calculated on rounded data, but all unemployment rates were calculated on unrounded data. This bulletin was prepared in the Office of Employment and Unemployment Statistics by the Division of Local Area Unemployment Statistics in collaboration with Division of Data Development and Publications. Editorial assistance was provided by the Data Users and Publication Services Group. Information in this bulletin is available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-7828; Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339. This material is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be reproduced without permission. nnual data on the labor force, employment, and unemployment in States and sub-State areas are available from two major sources—the Current Population Survey (CPS) and the Local Area Unemployment Statistics (LAUS) program. The CPS is a sample survey of about 50,000 households conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The LAUS program is a Federal-State cooperative endeavor, in which State employment security agencies prepare estimates using concepts, definitions, and estimation procedures prescribed by BLS. This bulletin presents 1998 annual averages from the CPS for census regions and divisions, the 50 States and the District of Columbia, 50 large metropolitan areas, and 17 central cities. Data are provided on the employed and unemployed by selected demographic and economic characteristics. Tables 1-11 present 1998 annual average labor force estimates for census regions and divisions. Similar information for all States and the District of Columbia appears in tables 12-22. All these data incorporate updated 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the estimated undercount. The LAUS program uses the total CPS estimates for States and the District of Columbia as the official annual average labor force statistics. Tables 23-27 display 1998 annual average rates, ratios, and percent distributions from the CPS for 50 large metropolitan areas and 17 central cities. Levels for the various labor force categories are not presented because independent 1990 census-based population controls, adjusted for the esti- iii Contents Page Geographic profile of employment and unemployment, 1998 ........................................................................................ 1 Section I. Estimates for Census regions and divisions .................................................................................................... 3 Tables: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. Census regions and divisions, 1998 annual averages: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin .......... Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin .......... Employment status of the experienced civilian labor force by occupation ..................................................... Percent distribution of employed persons by occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin .............................. Employment status of the experienced civilian labor force for private nonagricultural wage and salary workers by industry ....................................................................................................................................... Percent distribution of employed private nonagricultural wage and salary workers by industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin .............................................................................................................................. Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin .................................................................................. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status ............ Employed persons with a job but not at work by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and reason not at work ............ Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and reason for unemployment ............................................................................................................................................... Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and duration of unemployment ............................................................................................................................................... 5 10 13 17 22 25 30 32 34 36 38 Section II: Estimates for States ........................................................................................................................................ 41 Charts: 1. Unemployment rates by State, 1998 annual averages ..................................................................................... 43 2. Employment-population ratios by State, 1998 annual averages ..................................................................... 43 Tables: 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. States, 1998 annual averages: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin .......... Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin .......... Employment status of the experienced civilian labor force by occupation ..................................................... Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation .............................. Employment status of the experienced civilian labor force by industry ......................................................... Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and industry ................................... Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin .................................................................................. Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status ............ Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason ................................................................................ Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and reason for unemployment .............................................................................................................................................. 22. Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and duration of unemployment .............................................................................................................................................. v 44 58 65 69 75 79 85 91 96 97 100 Contents—Continued Page Section III. Estimates for metropolitan areas and cities .................................................................................................. 103 Tables: Metropolitan areas and cities, 1998 annual averages: 23. Civilian labor force participation rates, employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin ...................................................................................................................... 24. Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation .............................. 25. Unemployment rates by occupation ................................................................................................................ 26. Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, race, and Hispanic origin ............................................................................................................................................................ 27. Unemployment rates for nonagricultural workers by industry ........................................................................ 104 116 124 126 134 Appendixes: A. Concepts and definitions for data derived from the Current Population Survey ........................................................ 136 B. Sampling and estimation procedures and sampling error tables ................................................................................. 138 C. Geographic boundary definitions ................................................................................................................................ 152 vi Geographic Profile of Employment and Unemployment, 1998 T he Current Population Survey (CPS) is the regular monthly survey of about 50,000 households from which the national unemployment rate is derived. (See appendix A for concepts and definitions used in the CPS and appendix B for a description of the estimation procedure.) Determination of which annual average estimates of the labor force by demographic characteristics (age, sex, race, and Hispanic origin) and economic characteristics of the employed and unemployed are published in this bulletin is explained in appendix B. Table B-1 lists the minimum bases required for publication for various geographic areas. Estimates for census regions and divisions are shown in section I; data for States are shown in section II, and limited data for metropolitan areas and cities are shown in section III. Estimates of levels are not provided in section III be- cause population controls needed to make estimates of levels comparable to those in the other sections of this publication are not available. Because the estimates are based on a survey rather than on a complete census of the population, they are subject to sampling error. Consequently, error ranges have been calculated, in the form of 90-percent confidence intervals, and displayed for the unemployment rates in the first table of sections I, II, and III. In addition, appendix B provides tables from which the sampling error ranges can be obtained for the data in other tables in sections I and II. Separate error tables are not provided for each population group (i.e., total, white, black, or Hispanic). Instead, one table is used for all population groups for a given labor force characteristic, because differences in sampling errors are usually minimal. 1 Section l. Estimates for Census Regions and Divisions 3 Table 1. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment Civilian noninstitutional population Number Percent of population Number Percent of population Number Rate Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 205,220 98,758 106,462 15,644 137,673 73,959 63,714 8,256 67.1 74.9 59.8 52.8 131,463 70,693 60,771 7,051 64.1 71.6 57.1 45.1 6,210 3,266 2,944 1,205 4.5 4.4 4.6 14.6 4.4 4.3 4.5 14.1 - 4.6 4.5 4.7 15.1 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 171,478 83,352 88,126 12,439 115,415 63,034 52,380 6,965 67.3 75.6 59.4 56.0 110,931 60,604 50,327 6,089 64.7 72.7 57.1 49.0 4,484 2,431 2,053 876 3.9 3.9 3.9 12.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 12.1 - 4.0 4.0 4.0 13.1 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 24,373 10,927 13,446 2,443 15,982 7,542 8,441 1,017 65.6 69.0 62.8 41.6 14,556 6,871 7,685 736 59.7 62.9 57.2 30.1 1,426 671 756 281 8.9 8.9 9.0 27.6 8.6 8.5 8.6 26.1 - 9.2 9.3 9.4 29.1 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 21,070 10,734 10,335 2,204 14,317 8,571 5,746 1,007 67.9 79.8 55.6 45.7 13,291 8,018 5,273 793 63.1 74.7 51.0 36.0 1,026 552 473 214 7.2 6.4 8.2 21.3 6.9 6.1 7.8 19.8 - 7.5 6.7 8.6 22.8 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 39,941 18,954 20,987 2,840 26,076 13,847 12,229 1,365 65.3 73.1 58.3 48.1 24,861 13,194 11,668 1,170 62.2 69.6 55.6 41.2 1,215 654 561 195 4.7 4.7 4.6 14.3 4.6 4.5 4.4 13.3 - 4.8 4.9 4.8 15.3 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 33,933 16,216 17,716 2,289 22,276 11,961 10,314 1,161 65.6 73.8 58.2 50.7 21,389 11,470 9,919 1,019 63.0 70.7 56.0 44.5 887 491 396 141 4.0 4.1 3.8 12.2 3.9 3.9 3.6 11.2 - 4.1 4.3 4.0 13.2 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 4,536 2,004 2,532 443 2,822 1,316 1,506 171 62.2 65.7 59.5 38.6 2,532 1,176 1,356 122 55.8 58.7 53.6 27.5 290 140 150 49 10.3 10.7 9.9 28.5 9.7 9.8 9.1 25.6 - 10.9 11.6 10.7 31.4 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 3,386 1,609 1,777 331 2,125 1,187 938 120 62.8 73.8 52.8 36.3 1,955 1,101 854 93 57.7 68.4 48.1 28.1 170 87 84 26 8.0 7.3 8.9 22.1 7.4 6.5 7.9 18.4 - 8.6 8.1 9.9 25.8 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 10,382 5,031 5,351 686 7,114 3,752 3,363 390 68.5 74.6 62.8 56.9 6,865 3,608 3,257 347 66.1 71.7 60.9 50.6 250 144 106 43 3.5 3.8 3.1 11.0 3.3 3.5 2.8 9.5 - 3.7 4.1 3.4 12.5 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 9,637 4,676 4,961 617 6,614 3,495 3,118 360 68.6 74.7 62.9 58.3 6,396 3,369 3,027 323 66.4 72.0 61.0 52.4 218 126 91 36 3.3 3.6 2.9 10.1 3.1 3.3 2.6 8.6 - 3.5 3.9 3.2 11.6 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 545 251 294 367 177 190 67.3 70.5 64.6 339 163 176 62.2 64.9 59.9 28 14 14 7.6 8.1 7.2 6.2 6.1 5.3 - 9.0 10.1 9.1 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 469 221 248 320 164 156 68.2 74.2 62.9 301 153 148 64.2 69.2 59.7 19 12 8 6.1 7.2 4.9 4.7 5.1 3.1 - 7.5 9.3 6.7 Area and population group Error range of rate1 UNITED STATES2 Northeast Region New England Division See footnotes at end of table. 5 Table 1. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor force Employment Civilian noninstitutional population Number Percent of population Number Percent of population Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 29,559 13,923 15,636 2,154 18,962 10,096 8,866 975 64.1 72.5 56.7 45.3 17,997 9,586 8,411 823 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 24,296 11,540 12,755 1,673 15,662 8,466 7,196 801 64.5 73.4 56.4 47.9 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 3,991 1,754 2,238 385 2,455 1,139 1,316 146 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 2,917 1,388 1,529 270 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ Area and population group Unemployment Error range of rate1 Number Rate 60.9 68.9 53.8 38.2 965 510 455 152 5.1 5.0 5.1 15.6 4.9 4.8 4.8 14.4 - 5.3 5.2 5.4 16.8 14,993 8,101 6,892 696 61.7 70.2 54.0 41.6 669 365 304 105 4.3 4.3 4.2 13.1 4.1 4.0 3.9 11.8 - 4.5 4.6 4.5 14.4 61.5 64.9 58.8 37.9 2,193 1,013 1,180 103 54.9 57.8 52.7 26.8 262 126 136 43 10.7 11.1 10.3 29.2 10.0 10.1 9.4 26.1 - 11.4 12.1 11.2 32.3 1,805 1,023 782 93 61.9 73.7 51.1 34.4 1,654 948 706 73 56.7 68.3 46.2 27.0 151 75 76 20 8.4 7.3 9.7 21.0 7.7 6.4 8.6 16.9 - 9.1 8.2 10.8 25.1 47,629 22,983 24,646 3,747 33,152 17,656 15,496 2,321 69.6 76.8 62.9 61.9 31,912 16,985 14,927 2,054 67.0 73.9 60.6 54.8 1,240 671 569 267 3.7 3.8 3.7 11.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 10.8 - 3.8 4.0 3.9 12.2 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 42,207 20,515 21,691 3,186 29,615 15,955 13,660 2,068 70.2 77.8 63.0 64.9 28,656 15,420 13,236 1,859 67.9 75.2 61.0 58.3 959 536 424 209 3.2 3.4 3.1 10.1 3.1 3.2 2.9 9.3 - 3.3 3.6 3.3 10.9 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 4,297 1,917 2,380 449 2,738 1,259 1,479 202 63.7 65.7 62.1 45.0 2,492 1,144 1,348 149 58.0 59.7 56.6 33.2 247 116 131 53 9.0 9.2 8.9 26.1 8.4 8.3 8.1 23.3 - 9.6 10.1 9.7 28.9 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 1,561 885 676 163 1,139 749 390 84 73.0 84.6 57.7 51.5 1,075 707 368 69 68.9 79.9 54.4 42.3 65 42 22 15 5.7 5.6 5.8 18.3 4.9 4.6 4.4 13.7 - 6.5 6.6 7.2 22.9 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 33,553 16,127 17,426 2,587 22,971 12,248 10,723 1,546 68.5 75.9 61.5 59.8 22,063 11,756 10,307 1,355 65.8 72.9 59.1 52.4 908 492 416 191 4.0 4.0 3.9 12.3 3.8 3.8 3.7 11.4 - 4.2 4.2 4.1 13.2 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 29,150 14,135 15,015 2,149 20,147 10,902 9,245 1,350 69.1 77.1 61.6 62.8 19,462 10,519 8,943 1,205 66.8 74.4 59.6 56.1 685 383 302 145 3.4 3.5 3.3 10.7 3.2 3.3 3.1 9.7 - 3.6 3.7 3.5 11.7 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 3,624 1,600 2,024 370 2,276 1,030 1,246 167 62.8 64.4 61.6 45.1 2,074 934 1,140 124 57.2 58.4 56.3 33.5 202 96 106 43 8.9 9.3 8.5 25.6 8.2 8.2 7.6 22.5 - 9.6 10.4 9.4 28.7 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 1,250 701 549 134 908 591 317 65 72.6 84.3 57.7 48.5 855 556 299 51 68.4 79.3 54.5 38.1 53 35 18 14 5.8 5.9 5.8 21.0 4.9 4.8 4.2 15.7 - 6.7 7.0 7.4 26.3 Middle Atlantic Division Midwest Region East North Central Division See footnotes at end of table. 6 Table 1. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor force Employment Civilian noninstitutional population Number Percent of population Number Percent of population Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 14,076 6,856 7,220 1,160 10,181 5,408 4,773 775 72.3 78.9 66.1 66.8 9,849 5,229 4,620 699 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 13,057 6,380 6,677 1,038 9,469 5,054 4,415 718 72.5 79.2 66.1 69.2 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 673 318 356 463 230 233 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 311 184 127 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ Area and population group Unemployment Error range of rate1 Number Rate 70.0 76.3 64.0 60.3 332 179 153 76 3.3 3.3 3.2 9.8 3.1 3.0 2.9 8.6 - 3.5 3.6 3.5 11.0 9,194 4,901 4,293 654 70.4 76.8 64.3 63.0 275 153 122 64 2.9 3.0 2.8 8.9 2.7 2.7 2.5 7.7 - 3.1 3.3 3.1 10.1 68.8 72.3 65.4 418 209 208 62.1 65.7 58.4 45 20 25 9.7 8.8 10.7 8.1 6.7 8.3 - 11.3 10.9 13.1 231 158 73 74.3 85.9 57.5 220 150 69 70.7 81.5 54.3 11 7 4 5.0 4.7 5.5 3.4 2.8 2.6 - 6.6 6.6 8.4 72,524 34,625 37,899 5,505 47,834 25,595 22,239 2,763 66.0 73.9 58.7 50.2 45,722 24,552 21,170 2,325 63.0 70.9 55.9 42.2 2,113 1,044 1,069 438 4.4 4.1 4.8 15.9 4.3 3.9 4.6 15.2 - 4.5 4.3 5.0 16.6 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 57,323 27,771 29,552 4,008 37,606 20,658 16,949 2,136 65.6 74.4 57.4 53.3 36,299 19,987 16,312 1,866 63.3 72.0 55.2 46.6 1,308 671 637 270 3.5 3.2 3.8 12.6 3.4 3.0 3.6 11.8 - 3.6 3.4 4.0 13.4 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 13,395 5,983 7,412 1,368 8,973 4,245 4,728 576 67.0 71.0 63.8 42.1 8,223 3,896 4,326 417 61.4 65.1 58.4 30.5 751 349 402 159 8.4 8.2 8.5 27.7 8.1 7.7 8.0 26.6 - 8.7 8.7 9.0 28.8 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 7,061 3,531 3,530 705 4,800 2,837 1,962 346 68.0 80.3 55.6 49.1 4,513 2,699 1,814 280 63.9 76.4 51.4 39.7 287 138 148 66 6.0 4.9 7.6 19.0 5.6 4.4 6.8 16.9 - 6.4 5.4 8.4 21.1 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 37,530 17,820 19,710 2,605 24,706 13,082 11,624 1,320 65.8 73.4 59.0 50.7 23,702 12,585 11,117 1,144 63.2 70.6 56.4 43.9 1,004 497 507 176 4.1 3.8 4.4 13.3 3.9 3.6 4.2 12.3 - 4.3 4.0 4.6 14.3 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 28,914 13,959 14,955 1,822 18,786 10,239 8,547 987 65.0 73.4 57.2 54.2 18,207 9,946 8,261 892 63.0 71.3 55.2 49.0 578 293 286 95 3.1 2.9 3.3 9.7 2.9 2.7 3.1 8.6 - 3.3 3.1 3.5 10.8 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 7,698 3,426 4,273 727 5,283 2,496 2,788 308 68.6 72.9 65.2 42.4 4,884 2,305 2,580 232 63.4 67.3 60.4 31.9 399 191 208 76 7.6 7.7 7.5 24.6 7.2 7.1 6.9 22.8 - 8.0 8.3 8.1 26.4 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 2,507 1,260 1,247 185 1,729 1,015 714 94 69.0 80.6 57.3 50.8 1,636 971 665 83 65.3 77.1 53.3 44.9 93 44 48 11 5.4 4.3 6.8 11.5 4.8 3.6 5.7 7.9 - 6.0 5.0 7.9 15.1 West North Central Division South Region South Atlantic Division See footnotes at end of table. 7 Table 1. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor force Employment Civilian noninstitutional population Number Percent of population Number Percent of population Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 12,647 5,996 6,651 980 8,105 4,303 3,802 494 64.1 71.8 57.2 50.4 7,741 4,127 3,614 418 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 10,104 4,857 5,247 703 6,476 3,535 2,941 384 64.1 72.8 56.1 54.6 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 2,437 1,096 1,341 269 1,550 730 820 106 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 108 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ Area and population group Unemployment Error range of rate1 Number Rate 61.2 68.8 54.3 42.7 364 176 187 76 4.5 4.1 4.9 15.4 4.2 3.7 4.5 13.7 - 4.8 4.5 5.3 17.1 6,244 3,415 2,829 336 61.8 70.3 53.9 47.8 232 120 112 49 3.6 3.4 3.8 12.6 3.3 3.0 3.4 10.8 - 3.9 3.8 4.2 14.4 63.6 66.6 61.1 39.4 1,420 675 745 79 58.3 61.6 55.6 29.4 130 56 74 27 8.4 7.7 9.1 25.4 7.6 6.5 8.0 23.5 - 9.2 8.9 10.2 27.3 74 68.5 69 63.9 6 7.7 4.1 - 11.3 22,347 10,809 11,538 1,920 15,024 8,210 6,814 948 67.2 76.0 59.1 49.4 14,279 7,840 6,439 763 63.9 72.5 55.8 39.7 745 370 375 186 5.0 4.5 5.5 19.6 4.8 4.2 5.1 18.3 - 5.2 4.8 5.9 20.9 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 18,305 8,956 9,350 1,483 12,345 6,884 5,462 765 67.4 76.9 58.4 51.6 11,847 6,625 5,222 639 64.7 74.0 55.9 43.1 498 258 239 126 4.0 3.8 4.4 16.4 3.8 3.5 4.0 15.0 - 4.2 4.1 4.8 17.8 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 3,260 1,462 1,798 372 2,140 1,019 1,121 161 65.6 69.7 62.3 43.3 1,918 917 1,001 105 58.8 62.7 55.7 28.2 221 102 120 56 10.3 10.0 10.7 34.9 9.6 8.9 9.7 (3) - 11.0 11.1 11.7 (3) Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 4,446 2,218 2,228 512 2,997 1,776 1,220 249 67.4 80.1 54.8 48.6 2,808 1,685 1,123 195 63.2 76.0 50.4 38.1 188 91 97 54 6.3 5.1 7.9 21.8 5.7 4.4 6.9 19.7 - 6.9 5.8 8.9 23.9 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 45,345 22,301 23,045 3,567 30,755 16,937 13,818 1,815 67.8 75.9 60.0 50.9 29,105 16,035 13,070 1,508 64.2 71.9 56.7 42.3 1,650 902 748 307 5.4 5.3 5.4 16.9 5.2 5.1 5.1 15.8 - 5.6 5.5 5.7 18.0 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 38,188 18,932 19,256 2,967 26,031 14,522 11,509 1,606 68.2 76.7 59.8 54.1 24,697 13,786 10,910 1,349 64.7 72.8 56.7 45.5 1,335 736 599 257 5.1 5.1 5.2 16.0 4.9 4.9 4.9 14.9 - 5.3 5.3 5.5 17.1 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 2,173 1,035 1,139 186 1,466 729 737 69 67.5 70.4 64.7 37.1 1,325 662 663 49 61.0 64.0 58.2 26.3 141 67 74 20 9.6 9.2 10.0 29.5 8.6 7.8 8.6 23.2 - 10.6 10.6 11.4 35.8 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 9,111 4,733 4,378 1,010 6,285 3,816 2,469 459 69.0 80.6 56.4 45.4 5,778 3,530 2,249 352 63.4 74.6 51.4 34.9 507 287 220 107 8.1 7.5 8.9 23.3 7.6 6.9 8.2 21.0 - 8.6 8.1 9.6 25.6 East South Central Division West South Central Division West Region See footnotes at end of table. 8 Table 1. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor force Employment Civilian noninstitutional population Number Percent of population Number Percent of population Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 12,598 6,170 6,428 1,068 8,710 4,735 3,976 617 69.1 76.7 61.9 57.8 8,328 4,533 3,795 525 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 11,656 5,732 5,924 969 8,083 4,418 3,665 576 69.3 77.1 61.9 59.4 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 332 162 170 230 120 110 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 2,165 1,124 1,041 248 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ Area and population group Unemployment Error range of rate1 Number Rate 66.1 73.5 59.0 49.2 383 202 181 91 4.4 4.3 4.6 14.8 4.2 4.0 4.3 13.6 - 4.6 4.6 4.9 16.0 7,738 4,237 3,502 492 66.4 73.9 59.1 50.8 345 181 163 83 4.3 4.1 4.5 14.5 4.1 3.8 4.2 13.3 - 4.5 4.4 4.8 15.7 69.3 74.1 64.7 214 112 102 64.5 69.1 60.0 16 8 8 6.8 6.6 7.1 5.3 4.5 4.8 - 8.3 8.7 9.4 1,477 885 592 115 68.2 78.7 56.9 46.4 1,373 827 546 88 63.4 73.6 52.4 35.5 104 58 46 26 7.1 6.6 7.8 22.9 6.3 5.6 6.5 20.5 - 7.9 7.6 9.1 25.3 32,747 16,131 16,616 2,498 22,045 12,203 9,842 1,198 67.3 75.6 59.2 48.0 20,777 11,502 9,275 983 63.4 71.3 55.8 39.4 1,267 700 567 215 5.7 5.7 5.8 18.0 5.5 5.4 5.5 16.6 - 5.9 6.0 6.1 19.4 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 26,532 13,200 13,332 1,997 17,948 10,104 7,844 1,030 67.6 76.5 58.8 51.6 16,958 9,550 7,408 857 63.9 72.3 55.6 42.9 990 554 436 173 5.5 5.5 5.6 16.8 5.3 5.2 5.2 15.3 - 5.7 5.8 6.0 18.3 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 1,841 873 969 148 1,236 609 627 54 67.1 69.8 64.7 36.5 1,111 550 561 37 60.3 63.0 57.9 25.0 125 59 66 16 10.1 9.7 10.6 30.5 9.0 8.1 9.0 23.0 - 11.2 11.3 12.2 38.0 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 6,946 3,609 3,337 762 4,808 2,931 1,877 345 69.2 81.2 56.2 45.3 4,406 2,703 1,703 264 63.4 74.9 51.0 34.6 402 229 174 81 8.4 7.8 9.3 23.4 7.9 7.1 8.4 20.5 - 8.9 8.5 10.2 26.3 Mountain Division Pacific Division 1 Error ranges are calculated at the 90-percent confidence interval, which means that if repeated samples were drawn from the same population and an error range constructed around each sample estimate, in 9 out of 10 cases the true value based on a complete census of the population would be contained within these error ranges. 2 Because of separate processing and weighting procedures, totals for the United States differ from the results obtained by aggregating the totals for regions and States. 3 Error ranges cannot be properly computed when the number of sample cases is very small and/or the unemployment rate is low. NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed percentages because of rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Sub-national data on marital status are not available. Data in tables 1-22 incorporate updated 1990 census-based population controls. 9 Table 2. Census regions and divisions: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages (In thousands) Employed1 Unemployed Full-time workers Part-time workers At work At work2 Population group and area Total 35 hours or more 1 to 34 hours NonEconomic economic reasons reasons Not at work Total Part time for Part time for economic noneconomreasons ic reasons Not at work Looking for full-time work Looking for part-time work TOTAL Northeast ...................................... New England ............................... Middle Atlantic ............................. 20,186 5,480 14,707 17,054 4,568 12,486 169 47 122 2,130 633 1,497 834 232 602 4,675 1,385 3,290 528 126 402 3,848 1,170 2,678 298 89 209 953 195 758 262 54 207 Midwest ........................................ East North Central ....................... West North Central ...................... 25,801 17,897 7,904 21,913 15,254 6,658 284 190 95 2,630 1,740 890 974 713 261 6,110 4,166 1,945 491 351 140 5,225 3,539 1,686 394 275 119 960 703 257 280 205 75 South ............................................ South Atlantic .............................. East South Central ...................... West South Central ..................... 38,779 20,164 6,519 12,097 33,114 17,284 5,504 10,325 502 239 88 175 3,777 1,923 674 1,180 1,386 718 252 416 6,942 3,538 1,223 2,182 744 366 129 249 5,729 2,929 1,011 1,789 470 243 83 144 1,710 814 299 598 402 190 65 148 West ............................................. Mountain ...................................... Pacific .......................................... 23,548 6,756 16,792 19,897 5,740 14,157 368 91 277 2,411 698 1,713 872 227 645 5,557 1,572 3,985 737 156 581 4,457 1,312 3,145 363 104 259 1,299 285 1,014 351 98 253 Northeast ...................................... New England ............................... Middle Atlantic ............................. 11,809 3,212 8,597 10,271 2,770 7,501 103 28 75 1,027 297 729 409 117 291 1,385 396 989 219 56 164 1,092 318 775 73 23 50 541 121 420 113 23 90 Midwest ........................................ East North Central ....................... West North Central ...................... 15,076 10,496 4,580 13,163 9,194 3,969 167 111 55 1,274 839 435 473 352 121 1,909 1,259 649 210 146 64 1,594 1,042 552 104 71 33 555 410 145 116 82 34 South ............................................ South Atlantic .............................. East South Central ...................... West South Central ..................... 22,234 11,403 3,723 7,108 19,482 10,018 3,236 6,228 295 142 50 103 1,812 916 319 578 645 327 118 200 2,318 1,182 404 732 302 147 51 104 1,882 962 333 586 135 72 20 42 865 414 146 305 178 83 30 65 West ............................................. Mountain ...................................... Pacific .......................................... 14,134 4,022 10,112 12,222 3,505 8,717 234 51 183 1,230 350 880 448 116 332 1,901 511 1,390 333 66 267 1,464 415 1,049 104 30 74 749 159 589 153 42 111 Northeast ...................................... New England ............................... Middle Atlantic ............................. 8,377 2,267 6,110 6,783 1,798 4,985 66 19 47 1,103 335 768 425 115 311 3,290 989 2,301 309 71 238 2,756 852 1,904 225 66 159 412 75 338 149 31 118 Midwest ........................................ East North Central ....................... West North Central ...................... 10,725 7,401 3,324 8,750 6,061 2,690 117 78 39 1,357 901 455 501 361 140 4,202 2,906 1,295 281 205 76 3,631 2,497 1,133 290 204 86 405 293 112 165 123 41 South ............................................ South Atlantic .............................. East South Central ...................... West South Central ..................... 16,545 8,761 2,796 4,988 13,632 7,266 2,268 4,098 207 96 39 72 1,965 1,008 355 602 741 391 134 216 4,625 2,356 818 1,450 442 219 78 145 3,847 1,966 678 1,203 335 171 62 102 845 399 153 293 224 107 35 82 West ............................................. Mountain ...................................... Pacific .......................................... 9,414 2,734 6,680 7,675 2,235 5,440 134 40 94 1,181 348 833 424 111 313 3,656 1,061 2,595 404 90 313 2,993 897 2,097 259 74 185 551 126 425 197 55 142 Men Women See footnotes at end of table. 10 Table 2. Census regions and divisions: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (In thousands) Employed1 Unemployed Full-time workers Part-time workers At work At work2 Population group and area Total 35 hours or more 1 to 34 hours NonEconomic economic reasons reasons Not at work Total Part time for Part time for economic noneconomreasons ic reasons Not at work Looking for full-time work Looking for part-time work Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Northeast ...................................... New England ............................... Middle Atlantic ............................. 320 86 234 265 70 195 7 2 5 36 12 24 11 2 9 851 261 590 51 16 34 763 235 529 36 10 26 83 (3) 64 112 (3) 88 Midwest ........................................ East North Central ....................... West North Central ...................... 627 405 221 510 333 177 18 12 6 82 49 33 17 12 5 1,427 949 478 65 43 22 1,301 864 437 61 42 19 123 86 37 143 105 38 South ............................................ South Atlantic .............................. East South Central ...................... West South Central ..................... 845 407 153 286 699 342 127 231 28 13 4 11 97 41 20 36 21 11 3 7 1,479 737 265 477 99 52 18 30 1,313 650 236 427 67 35 11 21 231 85 44 102 207 91 32 84 West ............................................. Mountain ...................................... Pacific .......................................... 530 196 334 441 160 281 17 6 11 59 25 34 12 5 7 977 329 649 85 23 62 859 293 565 34 13 21 146 44 102 160 47 113 Northeast ...................................... New England ............................... Middle Atlantic ............................. 17,234 5,087 12,147 14,518 4,240 10,278 150 44 106 1,842 589 1,253 724 214 510 4,155 1,309 2,846 401 110 292 3,480 1,116 2,365 273 84 189 676 168 508 211 50 161 Midwest ........................................ East North Central ....................... West North Central ...................... 23,097 15,727 7,371 19,615 13,406 6,209 250 163 87 2,359 1,530 830 873 628 245 5,558 3,735 1,823 401 279 122 4,796 3,208 1,588 362 249 113 729 520 208 231 165 66 South ............................................ South Atlantic .............................. East South Central ...................... West South Central ..................... 30,643 15,389 5,245 10,009 26,200 13,213 4,444 8,543 382 172 68 142 2,967 1,449 534 985 1,094 556 199 339 5,656 2,818 999 1,839 501 235 84 182 4,760 2,382 843 1,535 395 201 72 122 1,038 455 188 395 270 124 43 103 West ............................................. Mountain ...................................... Pacific .......................................... 19,874 6,262 13,613 16,776 5,313 11,463 323 85 237 2,032 651 1,382 744 212 531 4,822 1,477 3,346 617 142 476 3,883 1,236 2,647 322 99 223 1,041 256 785 293 89 205 Northeast ...................................... New England ............................... Middle Atlantic ............................. 2,138 283 1,856 1,811 232 1,578 15 3 13 227 34 192 86 13 73 394 56 337 109 13 96 266 41 226 19 2 16 247 (3) 223 43 (3) 39 Midwest ........................................ East North Central ....................... West North Central ...................... 2,071 1,727 344 1,748 1,458 290 28 23 5 215 176 39 79 70 9 421 347 74 78 65 13 318 261 57 25 21 4 203 165 (3) 43 37 (3) South ............................................ South Atlantic .............................. East South Central ...................... West South Central ..................... 7,104 4,248 1,208 1,648 5,995 3,605 1,005 1,386 109 62 19 28 732 432 134 166 268 149 51 68 1,119 637 212 270 228 122 44 62 829 480 157 192 62 35 10 16 627 339 109 179 123 60 21 42 West ............................................. Mountain ...................................... Pacific .......................................... 1,130 181 949 946 158 787 12 1 11 128 17 112 44 5 39 195 33 162 33 5 28 153 27 125 10 2 8 120 (3) 109 21 (3) 16 White Black See footnotes at end of table. 11 Table 2. Census regions and divisions: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (In thousands) Employed1 Unemployed Full-time workers Part-time workers At work At work2 Population group and area Total 35 hours or more 1 to 34 hours NonEconomic economic reasons reasons Not at work Total Part time for Part time for economic noneconomreasons ic reasons Looking for full-time work Not at work Looking for part-time work Hispanic origin Northeast ...................................... New England ............................... Middle Atlantic ............................. 1,673 248 1,425 1,444 212 1,233 19 2 17 157 25 131 54 9 45 282 53 229 65 14 51 202 37 165 15 2 13 146 (3) 130 25 (3) 21 Midwest ........................................ East North Central ....................... West North Central ...................... 942 754 188 818 657 161 13 11 3 80 62 18 30 24 6 132 101 31 23 16 7 103 80 23 7 6 1 53 (3) 3 ( ) 11 (3) 3 ( ) South ............................................ South Atlantic .............................. East South Central ...................... West South Central ..................... 3,882 1,423 60 2,398 3,339 1,236 52 2,051 73 22 1 50 344 122 5 218 126 44 3 80 631 213 8 410 107 38 1 68 491 164 7 321 33 11 1 22 West ............................................. Mountain ...................................... Pacific .......................................... 4,832 1,163 3,668 4,136 994 3,142 113 22 90 434 114 320 149 33 116 947 209 738 252 43 210 653 155 498 41 11 30 1 Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work during the reference week. Persons absent from work are classified according to their usual status. 2 Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason for working part time. 3 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS 237 82 (3) 50 10 (3) 149 39 411 83 329 95 22 74 publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample in that area. See appendix B. NOTE: Items may not add to totals because of rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. 12 Table 3. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1998 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Northeast Employment status and occupation Total Midwest New Middle England Atlantic Total South East West North North Central Central Total West East West South South South Atlantic Central Central Total Mountain Pacific CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Managerial and professional specialty ................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ........... Professional specialty .......................................... Engineers ........................................................... Mathematical and computer scientists ............... Health diagnosing occupations ........................... Health assessment and treating occupations ..... Teachers, except college and university ............ 7,970 3,800 4,171 372 337 243 648 971 2,299 1,098 1,202 140 110 62 183 254 5,671 2,702 2,969 232 227 181 465 717 9,159 4,516 4,643 485 397 253 751 1,140 6,302 3,137 3,165 378 278 189 523 736 2,857 13,363 1,379 6,577 1,478 6,786 107 695 120 590 2 ( ) 362 228 975 403 1,845 7,225 3,589 3,635 362 369 186 503 933 2,083 1,036 1,047 110 (2) 67 187 327 4,056 1,952 2,103 224 176 110 285 586 9,212 4,525 4,687 535 446 235 565 1,110 2,550 1,253 1,297 150 117 60 163 308 6,661 3,272 3,389 385 329 175 402 801 Technical, sales, and administrative support .......... Technicians and related support .......................... Health technologists and technicians ................. Engineering and science technicians ................. Sales occupations ................................................ Supervisors and proprietors ............................... Sales representatives, finance and business services ............................................................ Sales representatives, commodities, except retail .................................................................. Sales workers, retail and personal services ....... Administrative support, including clerical .............. Computer equipment operators .......................... Secretaries, stenographers, and typists ............. Financial records processing .............................. Mail and message distributing ............................ 7,812 820 340 223 3,137 907 2,046 212 78 68 834 233 5,765 608 262 155 2,302 673 9,487 1,025 458 281 3,879 1,110 6,532 688 315 185 2,663 751 2,955 13,961 337 1,548 142 649 96 470 1,215 5,840 358 1,735 7,266 823 339 238 3,068 907 2,340 259 120 78 985 308 4,354 466 190 154 1,787 520 8,856 969 321 316 3,758 1,069 2,561 280 89 107 1,101 309 6,295 688 232 209 2,657 760 566 156 410 627 430 197 940 554 124 262 622 193 429 306 1,340 3,855 83 842 409 216 83 358 1,001 (2) 190 121 52 223 983 2,855 58 652 288 165 404 1,711 4,583 102 901 566 239 287 1,177 3,180 76 621 388 164 117 534 1,403 (2) 280 178 76 531 2,601 6,573 138 1,312 811 323 289 1,301 3,376 72 656 399 178 84 460 1,096 (2) 220 145 (2) 157 840 2,101 (2) 437 267 100 380 1,662 4,130 66 671 490 234 99 492 1,180 (2) 201 151 57 281 1,170 2,950 (2) 471 339 177 Service occupations ............................................... Private household ................................................. Protective service ................................................. Service, except private household and protective Food service ....................................................... Health service ..................................................... Cleaning and building service ............................. Personal service ................................................. 3,838 172 568 3,098 1,222 657 639 579 971 (2) 122 811 328 172 161 150 2,868 135 446 2,287 894 486 478 430 4,407 152 468 3,787 1,622 615 783 766 3,090 108 350 2,632 1,136 431 553 512 1,317 (2) 118 1,155 486 184 230 254 6,504 312 927 5,265 2,207 860 1,196 1,001 3,338 157 485 2,695 1,113 411 647 525 1,025 (2) 136 851 362 152 165 172 2,141 117 305 1,720 733 298 384 305 4,326 286 544 3,496 1,556 489 733 718 1,273 48 161 1,064 481 131 219 233 3,053 238 382 2,433 1,075 358 515 485 Precision production, craft, and repair .................... Mechanics and repairers ...................................... Construction trades .............................................. 2,595 847 992 789 238 305 1,806 610 687 3,680 1,172 1,342 2,581 804 922 1,100 368 420 5,538 1,837 2,291 2,810 966 1,190 987 299 421 1,741 572 680 3,241 1,084 1,312 999 324 434 2,243 761 878 Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. Transportation and material moving occupations Motor vehicle operators ...................................... Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ............................................................. Construction laborers ......................................... 3,350 1,404 971 804 872 405 226 186 2,479 999 745 618 5,348 2,485 1,432 1,058 3,929 1,879 1,013 755 1,419 606 419 303 7,037 2,942 2,111 1,541 3,438 1,456 1,015 754 1,417 669 390 266 2,181 816 705 521 3,842 1,461 1,132 861 1,008 325 328 248 2,834 1,136 805 613 975 164 241 (2) 734 125 1,431 202 1,037 140 394 (2) 1,985 325 967 171 358 (2) 660 105 1,248 267 355 90 893 176 Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................. Farm operators and managers ............................. 403 96 119 (2) 284 72 986 490 473 178 513 312 1,226 395 541 118 216 87 469 190 1,134 210 294 87 839 124 Managerial and professional specialty ................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ........... Professional specialty .......................................... Engineers ........................................................... Mathematical and computer scientists ............... Health diagnosing occupations ........................... Health assessment and treating occupations ..... Teachers, except college and university ............ 7,818 3,728 4,090 366 332 241 640 952 2,262 1,079 1,183 137 107 61 179 251 5,556 2,649 2,906 229 224 180 461 701 9,024 4,445 4,579 478 393 251 742 1,124 6,205 3,084 3,121 373 274 187 516 725 2,819 13,135 1,361 6,467 1,458 6,668 105 685 118 584 2 ( ) 359 227 963 398 1,810 7,106 3,532 3,574 356 366 185 497 912 2,055 1,021 1,034 108 (2) 66 186 322 3,974 1,914 2,061 221 173 108 280 576 9,004 4,435 4,569 524 440 233 556 1,082 2,496 1,229 1,267 148 115 60 161 301 6,508 3,206 3,302 376 325 173 395 781 Technical, sales, and administrative support .......... Technicians and related support .......................... Health technologists and technicians ................. Engineering and science technicians ................. 7,487 802 332 218 1,988 208 77 67 5,499 594 255 151 9,203 1,012 451 278 6,330 680 312 183 2,873 13,431 332 1,515 139 637 95 460 7,013 806 333 234 2,251 254 118 76 4,167 456 186 149 8,443 935 315 301 2,462 274 87 105 5,981 661 227 196 EMPLOYED See footnotes at end of table. 13 Table 3. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Northeast Employment status and occupation Total Midwest New Middle England Atlantic Total South East West North North Central Central Total West East West South South South Atlantic Central Central Total Mountain Pacific EMPLOYED–Continued Sales occupations ................................................ Supervisors and proprietors ............................... Sales representatives, finance and business services ............................................................ Sales representatives, commodities, except retail .................................................................. Sales workers, retail and personal services ....... Administrative support, including clerical .............. Computer equipment operators .......................... Secretaries, stenographers, and typists ............. Financial records processing .............................. Mail and message distributing ............................ 2,998 888 808 230 2,191 658 3,727 1,092 2,555 736 1,172 355 5,580 1,704 2,940 889 942 304 1,698 512 3,562 1,040 1,054 302 2,508 738 551 154 397 607 417 189 913 536 122 255 602 187 416 297 1,247 3,686 80 808 397 207 82 338 972 (2) 185 119 50 215 909 2,715 56 624 278 157 398 1,605 4,464 100 882 554 235 283 1,102 3,095 74 607 378 160 115 504 1,369 (2) 275 176 75 521 2,412 6,335 133 1,270 788 315 283 1,216 3,267 69 638 390 175 83 425 1,055 (2) 211 140 (2) 155 770 2,012 (2) 420 258 96 371 1,527 3,946 64 644 477 228 99 459 1,134 (2) 194 148 56 272 1,068 2,812 (2) 450 328 172 Service occupations ............................................... Private household ................................................. Protective service ................................................. Service, except private household and protective Food service ....................................................... Health service ..................................................... Cleaning and building service ............................. Personal service ................................................. 3,595 157 547 2,891 1,131 619 596 545 925 (2) 119 770 307 167 152 144 2,671 121 429 2,121 824 452 443 402 4,162 141 453 3,568 1,506 590 730 742 2,911 99 339 2,473 1,053 413 513 494 1,251 (2) 114 1,095 453 177 217 247 6,077 286 899 4,892 2,017 812 1,115 948 3,133 144 471 2,518 1,027 390 602 499 949 (2) 130 785 326 144 152 163 1,995 108 297 1,589 664 279 361 286 4,022 264 522 3,236 1,423 461 676 676 1,190 42 156 992 441 125 204 222 2,832 222 366 2,244 981 336 472 454 Precision production, craft, and repair .................... Mechanics and repairers ...................................... Construction trades .............................................. 2,473 821 926 763 232 291 1,710 589 635 3,548 1,144 1,273 2,484 782 871 1,064 362 402 5,330 1,785 2,177 2,716 944 1,135 945 287 400 1,669 555 642 3,073 1,040 1,222 961 315 410 2,112 725 812 Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. Transportation and material moving occupations Motor vehicle operators ...................................... Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ............................................................. Construction laborers ......................................... 3,117 1,322 914 760 817 384 212 175 2,300 938 702 584 5,033 2,361 1,371 1,017 3,690 1,784 968 724 1,343 577 403 293 6,591 2,771 2,016 1,481 3,225 1,376 967 723 1,336 634 377 259 2,030 760 672 498 3,530 1,343 1,066 816 944 304 313 238 2,586 1,038 753 577 881 133 220 (2) 661 102 1,301 172 937 118 363 (2) 1,804 287 882 153 325 (2) 597 94 1,121 230 326 82 795 148 Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................. Farm operators and managers ............................. 372 96 111 (2) 261 72 941 489 442 178 499 311 1,158 394 508 118 206 87 444 189 1,034 209 275 86 759 123 Managerial and professional specialty ................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ........... Professional specialty .......................................... Engineers ........................................................... Mathematical and computer scientists ............... Health diagnosing occupations ........................... Health assessment and treating occupations ..... Teachers, except college and university ............ 153 72 81 6 5 2 8 19 37 19 18 3 2 1 4 3 115 53 62 3 3 1 5 16 134 71 64 7 5 2 9 16 97 53 44 5 3 2 8 11 38 17 20 3 2 2 ( ) 1 5 228 110 118 10 6 3 13 35 119 57 62 6 3 1 6 21 28 15 13 1 2 ( ) 1 1 4 82 39 43 3 3 2 5 10 208 90 118 11 6 2 9 28 54 24 30 2 2 1 2 7 154 66 88 9 4 2 7 20 Technical, sales, and administrative support .......... Technicians and related support .......................... Health technologists and technicians ................. Engineering and science technicians ................. Sales occupations ................................................ Supervisors and proprietors ............................... Sales representatives, finance and business services ............................................................ Sales representatives, commodities, except retail .................................................................. Sales workers, retail and personal services ....... Administrative support, including clerical .............. Computer equipment operators .......................... Secretaries, stenographers, and typists ............. Financial records processing .............................. Mail and message distributing ............................ 325 18 8 5 138 19 59 4 1 1 27 4 266 14 7 4 112 15 284 13 7 3 152 18 202 8 4 2 108 15 82 5 3 1 43 3 530 32 12 10 260 31 253 17 5 4 128 17 89 5 2 2 43 5 188 10 4 4 89 9 414 33 7 15 196 29 99 6 2 3 47 6 314 27 5 13 149 22 15 2 13 20 13 8 28 18 3 7 20 6 14 9 94 169 3 34 11 9 1 19 29 (2) 6 2 2 8 74 140 2 28 9 7 6 106 119 3 19 12 5 5 75 85 2 14 10 3 2 31 34 (2) 5 2 1 10 189 238 5 42 23 8 7 85 108 2 18 9 4 1 35 41 (2) 8 5 2 ( ) 3 70 89 (2) 16 9 4 10 135 184 2 27 13 6 1 33 46 (2) 7 3 1 9 102 138 (2) 21 10 5 Service occupations ............................................... Private household ................................................. 243 15 46 (2) 197 14 245 12 179 9 66 (2) 427 25 204 13 76 (2) 146 9 304 22 82 5 221 16 UNEMPLOYED See footnotes at end of table. 14 Table 3. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Northeast Employment status and occupation Total Midwest New Middle England Atlantic Total South East West North North Central Central Total West East West South South South Atlantic Central Central Total Mountain Pacific UNEMPLOYED–Continued Protective service ................................................. Service, except private household and protective Food service ....................................................... Health service ..................................................... Cleaning and building service ............................. Personal service ................................................. 20 207 91 38 44 34 3 41 21 5 9 6 17 166 69 34 35 28 15 218 116 25 53 24 10 159 83 18 41 18 4 60 33 7 13 7 28 373 190 48 82 53 14 177 85 20 45 26 6 66 36 9 13 9 7 130 69 19 24 18 22 260 133 28 58 41 6 71 40 5 15 11 16 189 94 23 42 30 Precision production, craft, and repair .................... Mechanics and repairers ...................................... Construction trades .............................................. 122 27 66 26 6 14 96 21 51 132 28 69 97 22 51 35 6 18 208 51 114 94 22 55 43 12 22 72 17 37 168 44 90 38 9 24 130 35 66 Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. Transportation and material moving occupations Motor vehicle operators ...................................... Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ............................................................. Construction laborers ......................................... 233 82 57 44 55 21 14 10 178 62 43 34 315 124 61 41 239 95 45 31 76 29 16 10 446 171 95 61 213 80 49 31 81 35 13 7 152 56 33 23 312 118 67 45 64 20 15 9 248 98 52 35 94 31 21 (2) 73 23 130 30 99 22 31 (2) 180 39 85 18 33 (2) 62 12 127 37 29 8 98 29 Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................. Farm operators and managers ............................. 31 (3) 9 23 (3) 45 1 31 (3) 14 1 68 2 33 1 10 (3) 25 (3) 100 1 20 1 80 1 (2) UNEMPLOYMENT RATE Managerial and professional specialty ................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ........... Professional specialty .......................................... Engineers ........................................................... Mathematical and computer scientists ............... Health diagnosing occupations ........................... Health assessment and treating occupations ..... Teachers, except college and university ............ 1.9 1.9 1.9 1.6 1.5 .7 1.3 1.9 1.6 1.7 1.5 2.3 2.0 1.0 1.9 1.0 2.0 2.0 2.1 1.2 1.2 .6 1.1 2.3 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.7 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.3 1.4 2.3 1.3 (2) .6 1.2 1.7 1.7 1.7 1.4 1.0 .7 1.3 1.9 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.7 .8 .3 1.2 2.2 1.4 1.4 1.3 1.3 2 ( ) .9 .7 1.3 2.0 2.0 2.0 1.1 1.6 1.4 1.8 1.7 2.3 2.0 2.5 2.0 1.4 1.0 1.6 2.5 2.1 1.9 2.3 1.5 2.0 1.4 1.2 2.4 2.3 2.0 2.6 2.3 1.1 .9 1.7 2.5 Technical, sales, and administrative support .......... Technicians and related support .......................... Health technologists and technicians ................. Engineering and science technicians ................. Sales occupations ................................................ Supervisors and proprietors ............................... Sales representatives, finance and business services ............................................................ Sales representatives, commodities, except retail .................................................................. Sales workers, retail and personal services ....... Administrative support, including clerical .............. Computer equipment operators .......................... Secretaries, stenographers, and typists ............. Financial records processing .............................. Mail and message distributing ............................ 4.2 2.2 2.3 2.4 4.4 2.1 2.9 1.7 1.4 1.9 3.2 1.6 4.6 2.3 2.6 2.6 4.9 2.3 3.0 1.2 1.5 1.2 3.9 1.6 3.1 1.2 1.1 1.2 4.1 2.0 2.8 1.4 2.2 1.0 3.6 .8 3.8 2.1 1.8 2.2 4.4 1.8 3.5 2.1 1.6 1.6 4.2 1.9 3.8 2.0 1.8 2.7 4.4 1.5 4.3 2.2 2.2 2.7 5.0 1.7 4.7 3.4 2.1 4.9 5.2 2.7 3.9 2.2 1.9 2.7 4.3 2.1 5.0 3.9 2.2 6.0 5.6 2.9 2.7 1.2 3.2 3.2 3.0 3.8 2.9 3.2 2.1 2.9 3.2 3.2 3.2 2.9 7.0 4.4 3.4 4.0 2.8 4.1 1.5 5.4 2.9 2 ( ) 2.9 1.8 3.1 3.5 7.6 4.9 3.6 4.4 3.2 4.4 1.6 6.2 2.6 2.7 2.1 2.1 1.9 1.7 6.4 2.7 2.7 2.2 2.6 2.0 1.4 5.7 2.4 2 ( ) 1.8 1.0 1.8 1.9 7.3 3.6 3.6 3.2 2.8 2.5 2.4 6.5 3.2 3.4 2.7 2.2 2.2 .9 7.6 3.7 (2) 3.8 3.1 2 ( ) 1.6 8.3 4.2 2 ( ) 3.7 3.5 3.5 2.6 8.1 4.5 3.6 4.1 2.7 2.6 .6 6.7 3.9 (2) 3.3 1.8 2.6 3.3 8.7 4.7 2 ( ) 4.4 3.1 2.7 Service occupations ............................................... Private household ................................................. Protective service ................................................. Service, except private household and protective Food service ....................................................... Health service ..................................................... Cleaning and building service ............................. Personal service ................................................. 6.3 8.9 3.6 6.7 7.4 5.8 6.8 5.9 4.7 (2) 2.6 5.0 6.5 2.8 5.5 4.0 6.9 10.2 3.9 7.2 7.8 6.9 7.3 6.5 5.6 7.6 3.2 5.8 7.1 4.1 6.8 3.2 5.8 8.7 3.0 6.0 7.3 4.1 7.4 3.4 5.0 (2) 3.6 5.2 6.8 4.0 5.5 2.7 6.6 8.1 3.0 7.1 8.6 5.6 6.8 5.3 6.1 8.2 3.0 6.6 7.7 5.0 7.0 4.9 7.4 (2) 4.6 7.8 9.9 5.6 7.9 5.1 6.8 7.5 2.4 7.6 9.4 6.4 6.2 6.0 7.0 7.6 4.1 7.4 8.6 5.7 7.8 5.7 6.5 11.0 3.7 6.7 8.3 3.9 7.0 4.7 7.2 6.9 4.2 7.8 8.7 6.3 8.2 6.2 Precision production, craft, and repair .................... Mechanics and repairers ...................................... Construction trades .............................................. 4.7 3.1 6.6 3.3 2.5 4.7 5.3 3.4 7.5 3.6 2.4 5.1 3.8 2.7 5.6 3.2 1.7 4.2 3.8 2.8 5.0 3.3 2.3 4.6 4.3 4.0 5.1 4.1 3.0 5.5 5.2 4.0 6.8 3.8 2.7 5.5 5.8 4.6 7.5 Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. Transportation and material moving occupations Motor vehicle operators ...................................... 7.0 5.9 5.8 5.5 6.3 5.1 6.0 5.6 7.2 6.2 5.8 5.5 5.9 5.0 4.3 3.9 6.1 5.0 4.5 4.1 5.3 4.8 3.8 3.4 6.3 5.8 4.5 3.9 6.2 5.5 4.8 4.1 5.7 5.2 3.4 2.6 6.9 6.9 4.7 4.4 8.1 8.1 5.9 5.2 6.3 6.2 4.5 3.8 8.8 8.6 6.5 5.8 See footnotes at end of table. 15 Table 3. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Northeast Employment status and occupation Total Midwest New Middle England Atlantic Total South East West North North Central Central Total West East West South South South Atlantic Central Central Total Mountain Pacific UNEMPLOYMENT RATE–Continued Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ............................................................. Construction laborers ......................................... 9.6 18.8 8.6 (2) 10.0 18.5 9.1 15.1 9.6 16.0 7.9 (2) 9.1 11.8 8.8 10.5 9.2 (2) 9.5 11.3 10.2 13.7 8.1 8.9 11.0 16.2 Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................. Farm operators and managers ............................. 7.8 .3 7.2 (2) 8.0 (3) 4.6 .2 6.5 .1 2.8 .2 5.5 .4 6.1 .7 4.6 .6 5.3 .2 8.8 .6 6.7 .6 9.6 .6 1 Excludes persons with no previous work experience. 2 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS 3 Less than 500 persons or less than 0.05 percent. NOTE: Totals for the summary groups published include other occupations not shown separately. Items may not compute to displayed rates because of rounding. publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample in that area. See appendix B. 16 Table 4. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed persons by occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages Northeast Population group and occupation Total Midwest New Middle England Atlantic Total South East West North North Central Central Total West East West South South South Atlantic Central Central Total MounPacific tain 7,741 14,279 29,105 100.0 100.0 100.0 8,328 20,777 100.0 100.0 TOTAL Total (in thousands) ................................................ 24,861 Percent ................................................................ 100.0 6,865 100.0 17,997 31,912 22,063 100.0 100.0 100.0 9,849 45,722 23,702 100.0 100.0 100.0 Managerial and professional specialty ................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ........... Professional specialty .......................................... Engineers ........................................................... Mathematical and computer scientists ............... Health diagnosing occupations ........................... Health assessment and treating occupations ..... Teachers, except college and university ............ 31.4 15.0 16.5 1.5 1.3 1.0 2.6 3.8 32.9 15.7 17.2 2.0 1.6 .9 2.6 3.7 30.9 14.7 16.1 1.3 1.2 1.0 2.6 3.9 28.3 13.9 14.3 1.5 1.2 .8 2.3 3.5 28.1 14.0 14.1 1.7 1.2 .8 2.3 3.3 28.6 13.8 14.8 1.1 1.2 .6 2.3 4.0 28.7 14.1 14.6 1.5 1.3 .8 2.1 4.0 30.0 14.9 15.1 1.5 1.5 .8 2.1 3.8 26.5 13.2 13.4 1.4 .6 .9 2.4 4.2 27.8 13.4 14.4 1.5 1.2 .8 2.0 4.0 30.9 15.2 15.7 1.8 1.5 .8 1.9 3.7 30.0 14.8 15.2 1.8 1.4 .7 1.9 3.6 31.3 15.4 15.9 1.8 1.6 .8 1.9 3.8 Technical, sales, and administrative support .......... Technicians and related support .......................... Health technologists and technicians ................. Engineering and science technicians ................. Sales occupations ................................................ Supervisors and proprietors ............................... Sales representatives, finance and business services ............................................................ Sales representatives, commodities, except retail .................................................................. Sales workers, retail and personal services ....... Administrative support, including clerical .............. Computer equipment operators .......................... Secretaries, stenographers, and typists ............. Financial records processing .............................. Mail and message distributing ............................ 30.1 3.2 1.3 .9 12.1 3.6 29.0 3.0 1.1 1.0 11.8 3.4 30.6 3.3 1.4 .8 12.2 3.7 28.8 3.2 1.4 .9 11.7 3.4 28.7 3.1 1.4 .8 11.6 3.3 29.2 3.4 1.4 1.0 11.9 3.6 29.4 3.3 1.4 1.0 12.2 3.7 29.6 3.4 1.4 1.0 12.4 3.8 29.1 3.3 1.5 1.0 12.2 3.9 29.2 3.2 1.3 1.0 11.9 3.6 29.0 3.2 1.1 1.0 12.2 3.6 29.6 3.3 1.0 1.3 12.7 3.6 28.8 3.2 1.1 .9 12.1 3.6 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.9 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.3 1.6 1.8 2.1 2.2 2.0 1.2 5.0 14.8 .3 3.3 1.6 .8 1.2 4.9 14.2 .3 2.7 1.7 .7 1.2 5.1 15.1 .3 3.5 1.5 .9 1.2 5.0 14.0 .3 2.8 1.7 .7 1.3 5.0 14.0 .3 2.8 1.7 .7 1.2 5.1 13.9 .3 2.8 1.8 .8 1.1 5.3 13.9 .3 2.8 1.7 .7 1.2 5.1 13.8 .3 2.7 1.6 .7 1.1 5.5 13.6 .3 2.7 1.8 .6 1.1 5.4 14.1 .3 2.9 1.8 .7 1.3 5.2 13.6 .2 2.2 1.6 .8 1.2 5.5 13.6 .2 2.3 1.8 .7 1.3 5.1 13.5 .2 2.2 1.6 .8 Service occupations ............................................... Private household ................................................. Protective service ................................................. Service, except private household and protective Food service ....................................................... Health service ..................................................... Cleaning and building service ............................. Personal service ................................................. 14.5 .6 2.2 11.6 4.5 2.5 2.4 2.2 13.5 .5 1.7 11.2 4.5 2.4 2.2 2.1 14.8 .7 2.4 11.8 4.6 2.5 2.5 2.2 13.0 .4 1.4 11.2 4.7 1.8 2.3 2.3 13.2 .4 1.5 11.2 4.8 1.9 2.3 2.2 12.7 .4 1.2 11.1 4.6 1.8 2.2 2.5 13.3 .6 2.0 10.7 4.4 1.8 2.4 2.1 13.2 .6 2.0 10.6 4.3 1.6 2.5 2.1 12.3 .4 1.7 10.1 4.2 1.9 2.0 2.1 14.0 .8 2.1 11.1 4.7 2.0 2.5 2.0 13.8 .9 1.8 11.1 4.9 1.6 2.3 2.3 14.3 .5 1.9 11.9 5.3 1.5 2.4 2.7 13.6 1.1 1.8 10.8 4.7 1.6 2.3 2.2 Precision production, craft, and repair .................... Mechanics and repairers ...................................... Construction trades .............................................. 9.9 3.3 3.7 11.1 3.4 4.2 9.5 3.3 3.5 11.1 3.6 4.0 11.3 3.5 3.9 10.8 3.7 4.1 11.7 3.9 4.8 11.5 4.0 4.8 12.2 3.7 5.2 11.7 3.9 4.5 10.6 3.6 4.2 11.5 3.8 4.9 10.2 3.5 3.9 Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. Transportation and material moving occupations Motor vehicle operators ...................................... Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ............................................................. Construction laborers ......................................... 12.5 5.3 3.7 3.1 11.9 5.6 3.1 2.5 12.8 5.2 3.9 3.2 15.8 7.4 4.3 3.2 16.7 8.1 4.4 3.3 13.6 5.9 4.1 3.0 14.4 6.1 4.4 3.2 13.6 5.8 4.1 3.1 17.3 8.2 4.9 3.3 14.2 5.3 4.7 3.5 12.1 4.6 3.7 2.8 11.3 3.7 3.8 2.9 12.4 5.0 3.6 2.8 3.5 .5 3.2 .5 3.7 .6 4.1 .5 4.2 .5 3.7 .5 3.9 .6 3.7 .6 4.2 .5 4.2 .7 3.9 .8 3.9 1.0 3.8 .7 Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................. Farm operators and managers ............................. 1.5 .4 1.6 .3 1.5 .4 2.9 1.5 2.0 .8 5.1 3.2 2.5 .9 2.1 .5 2.7 1.1 3.1 1.3 3.6 .7 3.3 1.0 3.7 .6 Total (in thousands) ................................................ 13,194 Percent ................................................................ 100.0 3,608 100.0 5,229 24,552 12,585 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,127 100.0 Men 9,586 16,985 11,756 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,840 16,035 100.0 100.0 4,533 11,502 100.0 100.0 Managerial and professional specialty ................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ........... Professional specialty .......................................... Engineers ........................................................... Mathematical and computer scientists ............... Health diagnosing occupations ........................... Health assessment and treating occupations ..... Teachers, except college and university ............ 30.5 16.3 14.2 2.5 1.8 1.3 .6 1.8 32.0 16.5 15.5 3.3 2.1 1.3 .5 1.7 29.9 16.2 13.7 2.1 1.7 1.4 .7 1.9 26.5 14.3 12.2 2.5 1.6 1.1 .5 1.7 26.8 14.5 12.2 2.8 1.6 1.2 .6 1.5 25.8 13.7 12.0 1.8 1.5 .9 .5 2.0 27.1 14.6 12.4 2.5 1.7 1.1 .7 1.6 28.5 15.5 13.0 2.6 2.0 1.1 .5 1.5 25.0 14.2 10.8 2.4 .8 1.3 .8 1.6 25.8 13.4 12.5 2.5 1.6 1.0 .8 1.7 29.5 15.2 14.3 2.8 2.0 1.0 .6 1.9 28.8 14.7 14.1 3.0 1.9 .9 .6 2.1 29.8 15.4 14.4 2.8 2.1 1.1 .6 1.9 Technical, sales, and administrative support .......... Technicians and related support .......................... 20.7 2.8 19.8 2.8 21.0 2.9 18.7 2.6 18.3 2.4 19.7 3.0 19.2 2.8 19.5 2.8 18.3 2.7 19.2 3.0 19.9 2.9 19.5 3.0 20.0 2.9 See footnotes at end of table. 17 Table 4. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed persons by occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Northeast Population group and occupation Total Midwest New Middle England Atlantic Total South East West North North Central Central Total West East West South South South Atlantic Central Central Total MounPacific tain Men–Continued Health technologists and technicians ................. Engineering and science technicians ................. Sales occupations ................................................ Supervisors and proprietors ............................... Sales representatives, finance and business services ............................................................ Sales representatives, commodities, except retail .................................................................. Sales workers, retail and personal services ....... Administrative support, including clerical .............. Computer equipment operators .......................... Secretaries, stenographers, and typists ............. Financial records processing .............................. Mail and message distributing ............................ .5 1.3 11.5 4.1 .4 1.3 10.8 3.3 .5 1.2 11.8 4.4 .4 1.2 10.8 3.9 .4 1.1 10.5 3.7 .4 1.3 11.5 4.2 .5 1.4 11.1 4.1 .5 1.3 11.6 4.2 .5 1.3 10.7 4.1 .5 1.6 10.6 4.0 .5 1.3 11.2 3.9 .5 1.7 11.4 4.0 .5 1.2 11.1 3.8 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.0 1.9 2.0 2.1 2.4 1.6 1.8 2.2 2.4 2.1 1.7 3.3 6.3 .3 .2 .3 1.1 1.8 3.2 6.2 .3 .1 .2 .9 1.6 3.3 6.3 .3 .2 .3 1.1 1.8 3.1 5.4 .3 .1 .2 .8 1.8 3.0 5.4 .3 .1 .2 .7 1.7 3.5 5.2 .3 .1 .3 .9 1.6 3.3 5.2 .2 .1 .2 .8 1.6 3.4 5.1 .2 .1 .2 .8 1.6 3.3 4.9 .2 .1 .2 .6 1.5 3.3 5.6 .3 .1 .3 .8 1.6 3.5 5.7 .2 .1 .2 .9 1.6 3.4 5.0 .2 .2 .3 .8 1.7 3.5 6.0 .2 .1 .2 .9 Service occupations ............................................... Private household ................................................. Protective service ................................................. Service, except private household and protective Food service ....................................................... Health service ..................................................... Cleaning and building service ............................. Personal service ................................................. 11.7 .1 3.5 8.2 4.0 .5 2.8 .8 10.3 .1 2.8 7.5 3.7 .4 2.7 .7 12.2 .1 3.7 8.5 4.2 .5 2.9 .9 9.0 (1) 2.2 6.8 3.4 .3 2.5 .6 9.2 (1) 2.4 6.8 3.4 .3 2.5 .6 8.6 .1 1.8 6.8 3.3 .4 2.4 .6 9.8 .1 3.0 6.8 3.4 .4 2.3 .7 10.2 .1 3.0 7.2 3.6 .3 2.4 .8 8.6 (1) 2.6 5.9 2.8 .5 1.8 .8 9.9 .1 3.1 6.7 3.5 .4 2.4 .5 10.8 .1 2.7 8.1 4.4 .4 2.3 .9 11.1 .1 2.8 8.2 4.4 .3 2.4 1.1 10.7 .1 2.6 8.0 4.4 .5 2.3 .9 Precision production, craft, and repair .................... Mechanics and repairers ...................................... Construction trades .............................................. 17.2 6.0 6.9 19.0 6.2 7.9 16.5 5.9 6.5 19.0 6.5 7.3 19.3 6.4 7.2 18.4 6.6 7.5 20.0 7.0 8.7 19.8 7.2 8.9 20.8 6.8 9.5 19.7 6.7 8.0 17.6 6.2 7.5 19.5 6.7 8.8 16.9 6.0 6.9 Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. Transportation and material moving occupations Motor vehicle operators ...................................... Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ............................................................. Construction laborers ......................................... 17.8 6.1 6.2 5.1 16.4 6.3 5.3 4.4 18.3 6.0 6.6 5.4 22.3 9.3 7.3 5.3 23.4 10.1 7.4 5.5 19.8 7.4 6.9 4.9 20.1 6.8 7.4 5.3 18.8 6.3 6.8 5.0 23.2 8.9 8.3 5.6 20.7 6.5 7.8 5.7 16.9 5.2 6.0 4.5 16.2 4.2 6.1 4.5 17.2 5.6 5.9 4.5 5.5 1.0 4.8 .9 5.7 1.0 5.7 1.0 5.8 1.0 5.5 1.0 5.9 1.1 5.7 1.2 6.1 .9 6.3 1.1 5.7 1.4 5.9 1.7 5.6 1.2 Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................. Farm operators and managers ............................. 2.2 .5 2.5 .5 2.1 .5 4.5 2.3 3.1 1.2 7.7 4.8 3.8 1.2 3.2 .7 4.1 1.6 4.7 1.8 5.3 1.0 5.0 1.4 5.4 .8 Total (in thousands) ................................................ 11,668 Percent ................................................................ 100.0 3,257 100.0 4,620 21,170 11,117 100.0 100.0 100.0 3,614 100.0 6,439 13,070 100.0 100.0 3,795 100.0 9,275 100.0 Women 8,411 14,927 10,307 100.0 100.0 100.0 Managerial and professional specialty ................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ........... Professional specialty .......................................... Engineers ........................................................... Mathematical and computer scientists ............... Health diagnosing occupations ........................... Health assessment and treating occupations ..... Teachers, except college and university ............ 32.5 13.5 19.0 .4 .8 .5 4.8 6.1 34.0 14.8 19.2 .5 1.0 .5 4.9 5.8 32.0 13.1 18.9 .3 .7 .6 4.7 6.2 30.3 13.5 16.8 .3 .8 .4 4.4 5.6 29.7 13.3 16.3 .4 .8 .4 4.4 5.3 31.9 13.9 17.9 .3 .8 .3 4.4 6.4 30.7 13.6 17.1 .3 .8 .4 3.8 6.7 31.7 14.2 17.5 .3 1.0 .4 3.8 6.5 28.4 12.1 16.3 .2 .4 .4 4.3 7.1 30.3 13.4 16.8 .4 .7 .4 3.4 6.9 32.7 15.3 17.4 .5 .9 .5 3.5 5.9 31.4 14.9 16.5 .4 .8 .5 3.5 5.5 33.2 15.5 17.7 .6 .9 .6 3.5 6.0 Technical, sales, and administrative support .......... Technicians and related support .......................... Health technologists and technicians ................. Engineering and science technicians ................. Sales occupations ................................................ Supervisors and proprietors ............................... Sales representatives, finance and business services ............................................................ Sales representatives, commodities, except retail .................................................................. Sales workers, retail and personal services ....... Administrative support, including clerical .............. Computer equipment operators .......................... Secretaries, stenographers, and typists ............. Financial records processing .............................. 40.8 3.7 2.3 .4 12.7 3.0 39.1 3.3 1.9 .6 12.8 3.4 41.4 3.8 2.5 .4 12.6 2.8 40.3 3.8 2.6 .5 12.7 2.9 40.5 3.9 2.6 .5 12.9 2.9 39.9 3.8 2.5 .6 12.3 2.9 41.2 3.9 2.5 .5 13.4 3.3 41.0 4.1 2.5 .6 13.3 3.3 41.4 4.0 2.7 .6 13.8 3.7 41.3 3.5 2.3 .4 13.4 3.1 40.2 3.6 1.8 .7 13.5 3.2 41.6 3.6 1.7 .8 14.1 3.1 39.7 3.5 1.9 .6 13.2 3.2 2.0 1.9 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.1 1.5 1.7 2.0 2.1 1.9 .6 7.0 24.5 .4 6.7 3.1 .6 6.8 23.0 .4 5.6 3.4 .7 7.0 25.0 .4 7.2 3.0 .7 7.2 23.8 .3 5.8 3.4 .7 7.3 23.8 .4 5.8 3.4 .5 6.9 23.7 .2 5.8 3.5 .6 7.5 23.8 .4 5.9 3.5 .7 7.1 23.6 .4 5.6 3.3 .4 8.1 23.6 .4 5.7 3.6 .6 8.0 24.4 .3 6.4 3.7 .8 7.4 23.2 .3 4.8 3.3 .7 8.0 23.9 .3 4.9 3.6 .9 7.1 22.9 .2 4.7 3.3 See footnotes at end of table. 18 Table 4. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed persons by occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Northeast Population group and occupation Total Midwest New Middle England Atlantic Total South East West North North Central Central Total West East West South South South Atlantic Central Central Total MounPacific tain Women–Continued Mail and message distributing ............................ .5 .5 .6 .7 .7 .6 .6 .6 .6 .5 .7 .5 .7 Service occupations ............................................... Private household ................................................. Protective service ................................................. Service, except private household and protective Food service ....................................................... Health service ..................................................... Cleaning and building service ............................. Personal service ................................................. 17.6 1.3 .8 15.5 5.1 4.7 1.9 3.7 16.9 1.0 .6 15.4 5.3 4.7 1.7 3.7 17.8 1.4 .9 15.6 5.1 4.8 2.0 3.8 17.6 .9 .5 16.2 6.2 3.6 2.1 4.3 17.7 .9 .6 16.3 6.3 3.7 2.2 4.1 17.3 .8 .4 16.1 6.1 3.4 1.9 4.7 17.3 1.3 .8 15.2 5.6 3.4 2.6 3.6 16.6 1.2 .9 14.6 5.2 3.1 2.7 3.5 16.5 .9 .6 15.0 5.8 3.4 2.1 3.6 18.9 1.6 .8 16.5 6.1 3.9 2.7 3.8 17.5 1.9 .7 14.9 5.5 3.0 2.3 4.0 18.1 1.1 .7 16.3 6.4 2.9 2.5 4.5 17.2 2.3 .7 14.3 5.2 3.0 2.2 3.8 Precision production, craft, and repair .................... Mechanics and repairers ...................................... Construction trades .............................................. 1.8 .2 .1 2.4 .3 .2 1.6 .2 .1 2.1 .3 .2 2.1 .3 .2 2.2 .3 .2 2.0 .3 .2 2.0 .4 .2 2.3 .2 .2 1.9 .4 .2 1.9 .3 .2 2.0 .3 .3 1.9 .3 .2 Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. Transportation and material moving occupations Motor vehicle operators ...................................... Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ............................................................. Construction laborers ......................................... 6.6 4.5 .8 .7 6.9 4.9 .6 .6 6.5 4.3 .9 .8 8.4 5.2 .9 .7 9.1 5.8 .9 .7 6.7 4.1 1.0 .8 7.8 5.2 1.0 .8 7.8 5.3 1.0 .8 10.5 7.4 1.0 .7 6.4 3.9 .9 .8 6.2 3.9 .8 .8 5.5 3.0 1.0 .9 6.5 4.2 .8 .7 1.3 (1) 1.4 (1) 1.3 (1) 2.2 (1) 2.4 (1) 1.6 (1) 1.6 .1 1.5 .1 2.1 .1 1.6 .1 1.6 .1 1.5 .1 1.6 .1 Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................. Farm operators and managers ............................. .7 .2 .7 .2 .7 .2 1.2 .7 .8 .3 2.1 1.4 1.0 .5 .9 .3 1.0 .5 1.2 .8 1.5 .4 1.3 .6 1.5 .3 Total (in thousands) ................................................ 21,389 Percent ................................................................ 100.0 6,396 100.0 White 14,993 28,656 19,462 100.0 100.0 100.0 9,194 36,299 18,207 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,244 11,847 24,697 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,738 16,958 100.0 100.0 Managerial and professional specialty ................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ........... Professional specialty .......................................... Engineers ........................................................... Mathematical and computer scientists ............... Health diagnosing occupations ........................... Health assessment and treating occupations ..... Teachers, except college and university ............ 32.4 15.7 16.7 1.5 1.3 1.0 2.5 4.0 33.7 16.2 17.4 2.0 1.5 .9 2.6 3.7 31.8 15.5 16.4 1.3 1.2 1.0 2.4 4.2 28.7 14.4 14.4 1.5 1.2 .7 2.3 3.6 28.7 14.5 14.1 1.7 1.2 .8 2.3 3.4 28.8 14.0 14.8 1.1 1.2 .6 2.4 4.1 31.0 15.5 15.5 1.7 1.3 .9 2.2 4.1 32.9 16.6 16.3 1.7 1.6 .9 2.3 4.0 29.1 14.7 14.5 1.5 .6 .9 2.7 4.4 29.0 14.3 14.8 1.6 1.1 .8 1.9 4.1 31.2 15.5 15.7 1.7 1.4 .8 1.8 3.9 30.6 15.0 15.5 1.8 1.4 .7 2.0 3.7 31.4 15.6 15.8 1.7 1.5 .8 1.8 4.0 Technical, sales, and administrative support .......... Technicians and related support .......................... Health technologists and technicians ................. Engineering and science technicians ................. Sales occupations ................................................ Supervisors and proprietors ............................... Sales representatives, finance and business services ............................................................ Sales representatives, commodities, except retail .................................................................. Sales workers, retail and personal services ....... Administrative support, including clerical .............. Computer equipment operators .......................... Secretaries, stenographers, and typists ............. Financial records processing .............................. Mail and message distributing ............................ 30.1 3.1 1.3 .9 12.3 3.8 29.0 3.0 1.1 1.0 11.9 3.5 30.6 3.2 1.3 .9 12.5 3.9 28.8 3.1 1.4 .9 11.9 3.6 28.6 3.0 1.4 .8 11.8 3.5 29.2 3.4 1.4 1.0 12.1 3.8 29.8 3.3 1.3 1.0 12.7 4.0 30.1 3.5 1.4 1.0 13.2 4.1 29.9 3.3 1.5 1.0 12.9 4.4 29.1 3.2 1.2 1.1 11.9 3.7 28.5 3.2 1.1 1.0 12.4 3.6 29.6 3.3 1.0 1.3 12.7 3.7 28.0 3.1 1.1 .9 12.2 3.5 2.3 2.3 2.3 1.9 1.9 2.0 2.2 2.6 1.7 1.9 2.2 2.3 2.1 1.3 4.9 14.6 .3 3.3 1.7 .8 1.2 4.9 14.1 .3 2.7 1.8 .7 1.4 4.9 14.8 .3 3.6 1.7 .8 1.4 4.9 13.8 .3 2.8 1.8 .6 1.4 4.9 13.8 .3 2.8 1.8 .6 1.3 5.0 13.8 .3 2.9 1.8 .7 1.3 5.1 13.7 .3 2.9 1.9 .6 1.4 5.0 13.5 .3 2.8 1.8 .6 1.3 5.4 13.7 .3 3.0 2.0 .5 1.2 5.0 14.1 .3 3.1 2.0 .6 1.4 5.2 12.9 .2 2.2 1.6 .6 1.2 5.4 13.5 .2 2.4 1.8 .6 1.4 5.1 12.7 .2 2.1 1.5 .6 Service occupations ............................................... Private household ................................................. Protective service ................................................. Service, except private household and protective Food service ....................................................... Health service ..................................................... Cleaning and building service ............................. Personal service ................................................. 13.2 .6 2.1 10.5 4.5 1.8 2.1 2.1 12.9 .5 1.7 10.7 4.4 2.1 2.1 2.1 13.3 .6 2.2 10.4 4.5 1.7 2.2 2.1 12.3 .4 1.3 10.5 4.6 1.6 2.0 2.3 12.3 .5 1.4 10.4 4.7 1.5 2.0 2.1 12.3 .4 1.1 10.8 4.5 1.7 2.1 2.5 11.5 .6 1.8 9.1 4.1 1.2 1.8 2.0 11.2 .5 1.8 8.9 4.1 1.0 1.8 2.0 10.1 .4 1.5 8.2 3.7 1.3 1.3 1.9 12.6 .8 1.9 10.0 4.3 1.4 2.2 2.0 13.4 1.0 1.8 10.7 4.8 1.4 2.2 2.3 13.8 .5 1.9 11.4 5.1 1.4 2.3 2.5 13.3 1.2 1.7 10.3 4.7 1.4 2.2 2.1 Precision production, craft, and repair .................... Mechanics and repairers ...................................... 10.4 3.4 11.3 3.4 10.0 3.5 11.6 3.7 11.8 3.7 11.1 3.8 12.4 4.2 12.3 4.3 12.8 4.0 12.4 4.2 10.8 3.6 11.6 3.8 10.5 3.5 See footnotes at end of table. 19 Table 4. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed persons by occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Northeast Population group and occupation Total Midwest New Middle England Atlantic Total South East West North North Central Central Total West East West South South South Atlantic Central Central Total MounPacific tain White–Continued Construction trades .............................................. 4.0 4.4 3.8 4.2 4.2 4.3 5.2 5.3 5.6 4.9 4.5 5.0 4.3 Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. Transportation and material moving occupations Motor vehicle operators ...................................... Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ............................................................. Construction laborers ......................................... 12.3 5.2 3.6 3.0 11.5 5.3 3.1 2.5 12.7 5.2 3.8 3.2 15.4 7.2 4.2 3.1 16.4 8.0 4.2 3.2 13.2 5.6 4.1 3.0 12.6 5.1 4.0 2.9 11.2 4.5 3.5 2.6 15.3 7.0 4.6 3.2 13.4 4.9 4.4 3.3 12.2 4.5 3.8 2.8 11.1 3.4 3.8 2.8 12.7 5.0 3.8 2.8 3.5 .5 3.1 .5 3.6 .6 3.9 .5 4.2 .6 3.5 .5 3.5 .6 3.2 .6 3.7 .5 4.0 .6 3.9 .9 3.9 1.0 3.9 .8 Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................. Farm operators and managers ............................. 1.6 .4 1.7 .4 1.6 .5 3.2 1.7 2.2 .9 5.4 3.4 2.8 1.0 2.3 .6 2.8 1.3 3.4 1.5 3.9 .8 3.5 1.1 4.1 .6 Total (in thousands) ................................................ 2,532 Percent ................................................................ 100.0 339 100.0 2,193 100.0 2,492 100.0 2,074 100.0 418 100.0 8,223 100.0 4,884 100.0 1,420 100.0 1,918 100.0 1,325 100.0 214 100.0 1,111 100.0 Black Managerial and professional specialty ................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ........... Professional specialty .......................................... Engineers ........................................................... Mathematical and computer scientists ............... Health diagnosing occupations ........................... Health assessment and treating occupations ..... Teachers, except college and university ............ 21.7 9.3 12.4 .4 .8 .4 3.1 2.9 18.0 6.8 11.2 .9 .3 .9 2.4 3.5 22.3 9.7 12.6 .4 .8 .3 3.2 2.8 21.0 10.0 11.0 .6 .7 .4 1.4 3.3 20.2 9.5 10.8 .6 .7 .4 1.6 3.0 24.9 12.2 12.4 .5 .7 .5 .7 4.8 18.2 8.5 9.6 .5 .9 .2 1.5 3.5 18.5 8.9 9.6 .5 1.0 .1 1.4 3.4 14.9 7.1 7.7 .7 .5 .3 1.1 3.3 19.8 8.6 11.3 .5 1.0 .4 2.0 3.9 28.9 13.9 15.1 1.1 1.2 .5 1.8 3.9 21.5 11.7 9.8 .9 .5 .5 .9 1.9 30.3 14.3 16.0 1.1 1.4 .5 2.0 4.3 Technical, sales, and administrative support .......... Technicians and related support .......................... Health technologists and technicians ................. Engineering and science technicians ................. Sales occupations ................................................ Supervisors and proprietors ............................... Sales representatives, finance and business services ............................................................ Sales representatives, commodities, except retail .................................................................. Sales workers, retail and personal services ....... Administrative support, including clerical .............. Computer equipment operators .......................... Secretaries, stenographers, and typists ............. Financial records processing .............................. Mail and message distributing ............................ 31.2 3.5 1.9 .7 9.7 1.9 29.2 3.5 2.1 .6 10.0 1.8 31.5 3.6 1.9 .7 9.7 1.9 30.0 2.8 1.7 .5 10.0 1.9 29.7 2.7 1.7 .5 9.8 1.9 31.3 2.9 1.7 .7 10.8 1.9 28.0 3.1 1.6 .9 9.7 2.2 28.1 3.1 1.6 .9 9.4 2.2 26.1 3.3 1.8 1.0 9.0 2.0 29.1 2.8 1.6 .7 10.8 2.5 32.8 2.5 1.2 .5 9.5 2.2 32.2 1.9 .5 .5 11.2 1.9 32.9 2.6 1.4 .5 9.2 2.3 1.6 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.2 1.2 1.2 .8 1.3 2.1 2.3 2.1 .2 6.0 17.9 .6 3.1 .9 1.4 (1) 6.5 15.9 .3 3.2 .6 1.2 .2 5.9 18.2 .6 3.1 .9 1.5 .2 6.2 17.3 .5 2.2 1.2 1.9 .3 5.9 17.2 .5 2.5 1.2 1.9 (1) 7.4 17.7 .5 1.0 1.2 2.2 .3 5.9 15.2 .3 2.2 1.1 1.3 .4 5.6 15.6 .4 2.4 1.3 1.4 .1 6.0 13.8 .2 1.8 1.1 1.0 .3 6.8 15.4 .1 2.1 .8 1.1 .7 4.5 20.8 .3 2.0 1.9 1.7 .9 6.1 19.2 .5 1.9 1.4 2.3 .6 4.1 21.1 .3 2.1 2.0 1.5 Service occupations ............................................... Private household ................................................. Protective service ................................................. Service, except private household and protective Food service ....................................................... Health service ..................................................... Cleaning and building service ............................. Personal service ................................................. 25.5 1.1 3.7 20.7 4.3 8.5 4.9 3.0 24.8 .6 2.7 21.5 4.7 9.4 5.3 2.1 25.6 1.2 3.9 20.5 4.3 8.3 4.8 3.1 21.5 .4 2.8 18.3 5.2 4.8 5.1 3.3 21.8 .5 2.7 18.7 4.9 5.0 5.3 3.5 20.1 .2 3.3 16.5 6.5 3.6 4.3 2.2 20.9 .9 3.0 17.0 5.2 4.4 5.1 2.3 20.1 .9 2.9 16.3 4.5 4.0 5.5 2.3 21.5 .7 2.5 18.4 6.3 4.2 4.8 3.0 22.5 .7 3.9 17.9 6.2 5.5 4.3 1.9 18.9 .5 3.8 14.5 3.8 4.1 2.9 3.6 24.3 .5 3.3 20.6 7.9 3.3 4.2 4.7 17.8 .6 3.9 13.3 3.1 4.2 2.6 3.4 Precision production, craft, and repair .................... Mechanics and repairers ...................................... Construction trades .............................................. 7.3 2.5 2.4 9.7 2.7 2.1 7.0 2.5 2.4 6.7 2.1 2.1 7.0 2.0 2.3 5.5 2.2 1.0 8.6 2.7 3.1 8.7 2.9 3.1 9.9 2.7 3.7 7.4 2.3 2.5 7.4 3.2 2.6 7.5 3.7 1.4 7.4 3.1 2.8 Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. Transportation and material moving occupations Motor vehicle operators ...................................... Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ............................................................. Construction laborers ......................................... 13.7 4.9 4.5 3.8 17.4 8.0 4.1 3.5 13.1 4.5 4.6 3.8 20.3 8.1 6.2 4.6 20.7 8.6 6.4 4.7 17.9 5.7 5.3 3.8 22.7 10.1 6.6 4.8 23.0 10.4 6.7 4.8 25.6 13.5 6.1 3.8 19.8 7.0 6.9 5.4 11.5 3.0 4.6 4.4 14.0 4.2 4.7 4.7 11.0 2.8 4.6 4.3 4.2 .6 5.3 (1) 4.1 .7 6.0 .5 5.7 .5 7.2 .7 5.9 .8 5.9 .8 6.0 .6 5.9 .7 3.8 .4 4.7 1.4 3.7 .3 Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................. Farm operators and managers ............................. .6 (1) .6 (1) .5 (1) .4 (1) .5 (1) .2 (1) 1.7 .2 1.6 .1 2.1 .2 1.5 .2 .6 .2 .9 (1) .6 .2 See footnotes at end of table. 20 Table 4. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed persons by occupation, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Northeast Population group and occupation Total Midwest New Middle England Atlantic Total South East West North North Central Central Total West East West South South South Atlantic Central Central Total MounPacific tain Hispanic origin Total (in thousands) ................................................ 1,955 Percent ................................................................ 100.0 301 100.0 1,654 100.0 1,075 100.0 855 100.0 220 100.0 4,513 100.0 1,636 100.0 69 100.0 2,808 100.0 5,778 100.0 1,373 100.0 4,406 100.0 Managerial and professional specialty ................... Executive, administrative, and managerial ........... Professional specialty .......................................... Engineers ........................................................... Mathematical and computer scientists ............... Health diagnosing occupations ........................... Health assessment and treating occupations ..... Teachers, except college and university ............ 16.0 8.7 7.3 .5 .6 .4 .7 1.8 15.0 6.0 9.0 .3 1.7 .3 .7 2.7 16.1 9.2 7.0 .5 .4 .4 .7 1.8 13.4 7.4 6.0 .5 .8 .5 .7 1.5 13.2 7.3 6.0 .6 .8 .5 .6 1.6 14.1 8.2 5.9 1 ( ) .9 .5 .9 .9 16.5 8.4 8.1 .7 .5 .5 .9 2.4 19.7 10.3 9.5 .7 .7 .9 1.0 2.3 21.7 4.3 18.8 1.4 (1) 2.9 4.3 1.4 14.4 7.5 7.0 .7 .4 .2 .7 2.5 12.7 6.9 5.8 .5 .5 .1 .7 1.8 13.5 7.3 6.1 .5 .7 .1 .9 1.8 12.5 6.8 5.7 .5 .5 .1 .6 1.8 Technical, sales, and administrative support .......... Technicians and related support .......................... Health technologists and technicians ................. Engineering and science technicians ................. Sales occupations ................................................ Supervisors and proprietors ............................... Sales representatives, finance and business services ............................................................ Sales representatives, commodities, except retail .................................................................. Sales workers, retail and personal services ....... Administrative support, including clerical .............. Computer equipment operators .......................... Secretaries, stenographers, and typists ............. Financial records processing .............................. Mail and message distributing ............................ 25.7 2.0 1.0 .5 9.3 2.1 19.6 1.3 .7 1 ( ) 7.6 1.0 26.8 2.2 1.1 .5 9.6 2.4 20.0 1.8 .6 .3 7.9 2.3 20.5 2.0 .6 .4 7.5 2.3 18.2 .9 .5 .5 9.1 2.3 25.6 2.5 1.0 1.0 10.3 2.4 27.1 3.0 1.3 .8 11.1 2.7 21.7 2.9 (1) 2.9 8.7 1.4 24.8 2.2 .9 1.1 9.9 2.3 22.9 1.9 .9 .6 8.9 2.1 25.1 2.4 .9 .8 10.4 2.8 22.2 1.8 .9 .5 8.5 2.0 .8 1.0 .7 .4 .4 .5 1.5 1.8 (1) 1.2 .8 1.1 .7 .6 5.8 14.4 .2 2.8 1.1 1.2 (1) 6.0 10.6 .3 1.3 1.3 .3 .7 5.8 15.1 .2 3.1 1.0 1.3 .5 4.7 10.4 .4 1.1 .7 .6 .5 4.3 11.0 .5 1.1 .7 .4 .5 6.4 7.7 (1) 1.4 .9 1.4 .7 5.7 12.8 .2 1.9 1.4 .6 1.0 5.5 13.1 (1) 2.3 1.1 .4 1.4 5.8 10.1 (1) 4.3 2.9 1 ( ) .5 5.8 12.6 .3 1.6 1.5 .7 .7 5.4 12.0 .2 1.7 .9 .8 .9 5.7 12.3 .1 2.3 1.3 .9 .6 5.3 11.9 .2 1.5 .8 .8 Service occupations ............................................... Private household ................................................. Protective service ................................................. Service, except private household and protective Food service ....................................................... Health service ..................................................... Cleaning and building service ............................. Personal service ................................................. 23.8 2.0 2.3 19.6 7.8 3.2 5.6 2.9 26.9 2.7 1.7 22.6 7.0 4.7 7.3 3.7 23.3 1.9 2.4 19.0 7.9 3.0 5.4 2.8 19.1 .4 .7 18.0 10.7 1.2 4.0 2.0 18.0 .2 .8 17.0 9.9 1.3 3.6 2.1 23.2 .5 .5 22.3 13.6 .9 5.5 1.8 19.2 1.9 1.4 15.9 7.5 1.9 4.7 1.9 18.7 2.0 1.5 15.3 7.2 1.6 4.4 2.1 18.8 2.9 2.9 13.0 8.7 1.4 (1) 1.4 19.6 1.9 1.4 16.3 7.5 2.1 4.9 1.7 19.7 2.3 1.5 15.8 7.5 1.5 4.8 2.1 20.7 .8 1.6 18.2 8.6 1.5 5.8 2.3 19.4 2.8 1.5 15.1 7.1 1.5 4.4 2.1 Precision production, craft, and repair .................... Mechanics and repairers ...................................... Construction trades .............................................. 9.7 2.8 3.4 13.3 4.7 2.3 9.1 2.5 3.6 13.4 3.2 4.7 12.9 3.5 4.4 15.5 1.8 5.9 15.3 4.0 7.6 13.7 3.9 7.2 10.1 1.4 7.2 16.5 4.2 7.8 13.3 3.9 5.7 15.7 4.4 7.5 12.6 3.8 5.1 Operators, fabricators, and laborers ....................... Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors .. Transportation and material moving occupations Motor vehicle operators ...................................... Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers ............................................................. Construction laborers ......................................... 23.6 11.8 4.9 4.3 24.9 16.6 2.0 1.3 23.4 10.9 5.4 4.9 30.9 17.7 4.9 3.4 32.2 18.4 5.4 3.7 25.5 15.5 3.2 2.3 18.8 7.5 4.7 3.5 15.8 5.9 3.8 3.3 21.7 14.5 (1) (1) 20.5 8.3 5.3 3.7 22.2 10.1 4.8 3.6 18.4 6.2 4.7 3.4 23.3 11.3 4.9 3.7 6.9 1.1 6.3 .7 7.0 1.1 8.3 1.3 8.5 1.3 7.3 1.4 6.6 1.4 6.1 1.5 5.8 1.4 6.9 1.4 7.2 1.6 7.6 2.1 7.1 1.5 Farming, forestry, and fishing ................................. Farm operators and managers ............................. 1.2 .1 .3 (1) 1.3 .1 3.2 .2 3.2 .1 3.2 (1) 4.5 .2 4.9 .2 5.8 (1) 4.3 .2 9.2 .2 6.7 .3 10.0 .2 1 Less than 500 persons employed or less than 0.05 percent of total employed. NOTE: Totals for the summary groups published include other occupations, not shown separately. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed percentages because of rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. 21 Table 5. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force for private nonagricultural wage and salary workers by industry, 1998 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Northeast Employment status and industry Total Midwest New Middle England Atlantic Total South East West North North Central Central Total West East West South South South Atlantic Central Central Total MounPacific tain CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Total ................................................................... 20,317 5,613 (2) 14,704 25,918 18,423 (2) (2) 6,114 11,203 22,262 6,423 15,839 Mining ..................................................................... Construction ........................................................... 1,104 303 801 1,557 1,073 484 2,764 1,452 463 849 1,624 589 1,035 Manufacturing ......................................................... Durable goods ...................................................... Lumber and wood products ................................ Furniture and fixtures .......................................... Stone, clay, and glass products .......................... Primary metal industries ..................................... Fabricated metal products .................................. Machinery and computing equipment ................. Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies .. Transportation equipment ................................... Motor vehicles .................................................. Professional and photographic equipment, and watches, etc. ..................................................... Nondurable goods ................................................ Food and kindred products ................................. Textile mill products ............................................ Apparel and other textile products ...................... Paper and allied products ................................... Printing and publishing ....................................... Chemicals and allied products ............................ 3,817 2,168 97 83 112 140 279 425 384 247 88 1,212 781 (2) (2) (2) (2) 109 149 174 112 (2) 2,604 1,387 67 67 95 109 170 276 210 136 69 6,372 4,260 166 231 180 343 520 930 481 1,038 868 4,903 3,403 114 179 143 308 425 708 377 900 803 1,470 857 (2) (2) (2) (2) 95 221 104 138 (2) 6,890 3,667 356 277 217 206 383 688 633 590 299 3,406 1,730 152 147 98 90 164 304 317 278 124 1,475 867 133 94 (2) 52 99 126 107 160 125 2,010 1,069 72 (2) 73 63 120 257 209 153 50 3,983 2,591 206 90 91 76 217 479 499 542 92 897 590 49 (2) (2) (2) 47 121 122 90 (2) 3,086 2,001 158 68 61 55 170 359 378 452 69 244 1,648 248 94 217 127 420 321 85 431 51 (2) (2) 50 135 54 159 1,217 197 61 190 78 285 268 179 2,113 506 (2) 71 207 507 349 108 1,500 324 (2) (2) 155 334 265 71 613 182 (2) (2) (2) 173 84 159 3,223 641 463 359 280 476 511 97 1,676 255 402 153 149 262 244 (2) 607 126 (2) 118 57 86 77 (2) 940 260 (2) 88 74 128 189 225 1,392 349 (2) 221 86 358 167 51 307 108 (2) (2) (2) 93 35 175 1,085 241 (2) 201 76 265 132 Transportation, communications, and public utilities ............................................................... Transportation ...................................................... Communications and other public utilities ............ 1,455 878 577 322 175 147 1,133 702 431 1,664 1,052 612 1,139 740 399 525 312 213 2,841 1,738 1,104 1,448 871 577 433 279 154 960 587 373 1,581 975 606 446 245 201 1,134 730 405 Wholesale and retail trade ...................................... Wholesale trade .................................................... Retail trade ........................................................... 4,929 904 4,024 1,321 205 1,116 3,608 699 2,909 6,575 1,235 5,340 4,567 826 3,741 2,008 409 1,599 9,490 1,659 7,831 4,869 852 4,017 1,577 249 1,328 3,044 558 2,486 5,936 1,169 4,767 1,744 279 1,465 4,191 890 3,302 Finance, insurance, and real estate ....................... 1,826 477 1,349 1,882 1,298 584 2,678 1,550 400 728 1,606 481 1,125 Services, excluding private households ................. Professional services ............................................ Educational services ........................................... Health services, including hospitals .................... 7,156 4,765 734 2,379 1,971 1,351 244 666 5,185 3,414 491 1,713 7,796 5,010 677 2,637 5,405 3,462 439 1,832 2,391 11,023 1,548 6,624 238 775 805 3,355 5,963 3,478 439 1,699 1,707 1,131 122 610 3,354 2,014 214 1,046 7,391 3,983 481 1,859 2,169 1,140 119 528 5,222 2,843 362 1,331 738 1,000 772 285 567 1,222 288 72 (2) 7,495 36,058 18,741 (2) 371 (2) 59 258 142 97 (2) UNEMPLOYED Total ................................................................... Mining ..................................................................... 940 (2) 202 (2) (2) 2 735 (2) 264 (2) 1,624 11 (2) 2 7 7 4 934 (2) Construction ........................................................... 99 24 75 118 89 29 174 81 34 58 141 37 104 Manufacturing ......................................................... Durable goods ...................................................... Lumber and wood products ................................ Furniture and fixtures .......................................... Stone, clay, and glass products .......................... Primary metal industries ..................................... Fabricated metal products .................................. Machinery and computing equipment ................. Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies .. Transportation equipment ................................... Motor vehicles .................................................. Professional and photographic equipment, and watches, etc. ..................................................... Nondurable goods ................................................ Food and kindred products ................................. 140 66 4 3 3 5 8 15 12 5 4 37 24 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 6 4 2 2 ( ) 103 43 2 3 3 3 5 9 9 3 2 197 117 8 4 6 10 13 20 10 31 28 150 91 4 3 4 9 10 15 8 27 25 47 26 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) 3 6 2 4 (2) 270 129 17 13 6 9 17 19 18 13 7 126 61 9 5 3 5 9 8 10 6 2 64 31 5 6 2 ( ) 1 5 3 4 3 3 81 36 3 2 ( ) 1 3 3 8 4 4 2 209 115 15 6 3 4 11 23 14 23 8 34 21 4 2 ( ) 2 ( ) (2) 2 4 4 3 (2) 174 93 11 5 2 4 9 19 10 20 7 5 74 14 2 13 3 3 61 11 4 80 25 2 59 16 1 22 9 6 141 39 3 64 12 (2) 33 10 (2) 44 18 6 94 33 1 13 5 5 81 28 2 2 2 2 See footnotes at end of table. 22 2 2 2 2 Table 5. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force for private nonagricultural wage and salary workers by industry, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Northeast Employment status and industry Total Midwest New Middle England Atlantic Total South East West North North Central Central Total West East West South South South Atlantic Central Central Total MounPacific tain UNEMPLOYED–Continued (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 7 1 18 32 9 14 9 14 14 5 7 4 (2) 11 2 4 1 (2) 6 3 3 3 (2) 19 4 18 7 4 1 (2) 18 3 14 6 62 45 17 12 8 4 50 37 13 191 18 173 378 61 317 96 7 89 282 54 228 7 21 50 12 38 237 89 10 41 70 34 5 17 174 81 8 42 375 131 20 51 92 37 6 13 284 94 14 38 4.1 4.7 5.1 5.5 4.5 5.9 4.0 2.7 4.8 3.8 1 3 1 5 19 3 11 7 47 35 12 9 7 2 39 28 10 53 42 11 39 32 8 13 10 3 92 63 29 44 34 10 14 7 7 35 22 12 Wholesale and retail trade ...................................... Wholesale trade .................................................... Retail trade ........................................................... 275 35 240 59 7 52 217 28 188 311 38 273 228 29 199 83 10 73 530 51 479 245 27 218 94 6 88 Finance, insurance, and real estate ....................... 45 8 37 37 28 8 65 38 Services, excluding private households ................. Professional services ............................................ Educational services ........................................... Health services, including hospitals .................... 332 147 19 73 65 29 4 15 267 117 15 57 283 113 16 54 200 80 11 38 83 33 5 16 481 204 23 100 4.6 3.6 5.0 3.9 4.0 3.5 4.5 Textile mill products ............................................ Apparel and other textile products ...................... Paper and allied products ................................... Printing and publishing ....................................... Chemicals and allied products ............................ 7 20 4 14 8 Transportation, communications, and public utilities ............................................................... Transportation ...................................................... Communications and other public utilities ............ 5 2 22 10 2 15 9 (2) (2) (2) UNEMPLOYMENT RATE Total ................................................................... Mining ..................................................................... (2) (2) (2) 2.5 (2) (2) 3.0 (2) (2) Construction ........................................................... 9.0 8.0 9.4 7.6 8.3 5.9 6.3 5.6 7.4 6.9 8.7 6.3 10.0 Manufacturing ......................................................... Durable goods ...................................................... Lumber and wood products ................................ Furniture and fixtures .......................................... Stone, clay, and glass products .......................... Primary metal industries ..................................... Fabricated metal products .................................. Machinery and computing equipment ................. Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies .. Transportation equipment ................................... Motor vehicles .................................................. Professional and photographic equipment, and watches, etc. ..................................................... Nondurable goods ................................................ Food and kindred products ................................. Textile mill products ............................................ Apparel and other textile products ...................... Paper and allied products ................................... Printing and publishing ....................................... Chemicals and allied products ............................ 3.7 3.1 3.8 3.5 2.7 3.6 2.7 3.5 3.2 2.0 4.3 3.1 3.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) 2.7 4.1 2.2 1.8 (2) 4.0 3.1 3.2 3.9 2.8 3.1 2.7 3.1 4.1 2.1 3.3 3.1 2.7 4.6 1.9 3.3 2.8 2.5 2.2 2.0 3.0 3.2 3.1 2.7 3.6 1.8 3.0 3.0 2.3 2.1 2.1 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) 3.5 2.6 2.0 3.0 (2) 3.9 3.5 4.8 4.6 2.8 4.2 4.4 2.8 2.9 2.2 2.3 3.7 3.6 5.9 3.3 3.1 5.1 5.6 2.8 3.1 2.1 1.5 4.3 3.6 3.5 6.1 (2) 1.7 5.1 2.3 3.8 1.9 2.3 4.0 3.4 4.8 (2) 1.5 5.1 2.3 3.1 2.0 2.9 4.2 5.2 4.4 7.2 6.8 3.8 5.4 5.1 4.9 2.8 4.2 8.7 3.8 3.6 8.7 (2) (2) (2) 3.6 3.3 3.0 3.0 (2) 5.6 4.7 6.8 7.2 3.6 7.0 5.5 5.4 2.7 4.4 10.4 1.9 4.5 5.6 7.7 9.3 2.8 3.3 2.5 1.9 3.1 5.9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 1.8 2.1 1.3 1.9 5.0 5.5 8.3 9.9 3.4 3.9 2.7 2.0 3.8 5.0 2 ( ) 7.1 1.0 4.3 2.9 2.1 3.9 5.0 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 1.3 4.3 3.5 1.8 3.5 4.9 2 ( ) 2 ( ) (2) 4.1 1.1 3.7 4.4 6.2 4.0 8.8 3.2 2.9 1.7 2.7 3.8 4.6 3.5 9.4 3.1 2.6 1.7 (2) 5.4 7.8 2 ( ) 9.2 3.1 4.3 1.8 (2) 4.7 6.9 2 ( ) 7.0 3.6 2.6 1.6 2.8 6.8 9.3 (2) 8.8 4.3 5.0 4.1 2.7 4.3 4.4 (2) 2 ( ) (2) 4.5 2.4 2.9 7.5 11.5 (2) 9.0 4.5 5.2 4.6 Transportation, communications, and public utilities ............................................................... Transportation ...................................................... Communications and other public utilities ............ 3.3 4.0 2.1 2.7 4.0 1.2 3.4 4.0 2.4 3.2 4.0 1.8 3.4 4.3 1.9 2.6 3.3 1.5 3.3 3.6 2.7 3.0 3.9 1.7 3.1 2.4 4.4 3.6 3.8 3.3 3.9 4.6 2.8 2.7 3.2 2.1 4.4 5.0 3.2 Wholesale and retail trade ...................................... Wholesale trade .................................................... Retail trade ........................................................... 5.6 3.9 6.0 4.4 3.3 4.7 6.0 4.1 6.5 4.7 3.1 5.1 5.0 3.5 5.3 4.1 2.4 4.6 5.6 3.1 6.1 5.0 3.2 5.4 6.0 2.3 6.6 6.3 3.3 7.0 6.4 5.2 6.7 5.5 2.5 6.1 6.7 6.0 6.9 Finance, insurance, and real estate ....................... 2.5 1.7 2.8 2.0 2.2 1.4 2.4 2.4 1.7 2.8 3.1 2.6 3.4 Services, excluding private households ................. Professional services ............................................ Educational services ........................................... 4.6 3.1 2.6 3.3 2.2 1.7 5.2 3.4 3.1 3.6 2.2 2.4 3.7 2.3 2.5 3.5 2.1 2.3 4.4 3.1 3.0 4.0 2.6 2.2 4.1 3.0 4.2 5.2 4.0 3.9 5.1 3.3 4.2 4.2 3.2 4.8 5.4 3.3 4.0 See footnotes at end of table. 23 Table 5. Census regions and divisions: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force for private nonagricultural wage and salary workers by industry, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Northeast Employment status and industry Total Midwest New Middle England Atlantic Total South East West North North Central Central Total West East West South South South Atlantic Central Central Total MounPacific tain UNEMPLOYMENT RATE–Continued Health services, including hospitals .................... 3.0 2.3 3.4 2.0 1 Excludes persons with no previous work experience. 2 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS 2.1 1.9 3.0 2.4 2.8 4.0 2.7 2.4 2.9 NOTE: Totals for the summary groups published include other industries, not shown separately. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates because of rounding. publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample in that area. See appendix B. 24 Table 6. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed private nonagricultural wage and salary workers by industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages Northeast Population group and industry Total Midwest New Middle England Atlantic Total South East West North North Central Central Total West East West South South South Atlantic Central Central Total MounPacific tain TOTAL Total (in thousands) ................................... 19,377 Percent ...................................................... 100.0 5,411 100.0 13,966 24,919 17,688 100.0 100.0 100.0 7,230 34,434 17,969 100.0 100.0 100.0 5,829 10,636 21,040 100.0 100.0 100.0 6,136 14,904 100.0 100.0 Mining ............................................................. .2 .1 .2 .3 .2 .4 1.0 .3 1.0 2.4 .6 1.5 .3 Construction ................................................... 5.2 5.2 5.2 5.8 5.6 6.3 7.5 7.6 7.4 7.4 7.0 9.0 6.2 Manufacturing ................................................. Durable goods .............................................. Lumber and wood products ........................ Furniture and fixtures .................................. Stone, clay, and glass products .................. Primary metal industries ............................. Fabricated metal products .......................... Machinery and computing equipment ......... Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies .................................................... Transportation equipment ........................... Motor vehicles .......................................... Professional and photographic equipment, and watches, etc. ...................................... Nondurable goods ........................................ Food and kindred products ......................... Textile mill products .................................... Apparel and other textile products .............. Paper and allied products ........................... Printing and publishing ............................... Chemicals and allied products .................... 19.0 10.8 .5 .4 .6 .7 1.4 2.1 21.7 14.0 .5 .3 .3 .6 2.0 2.6 17.9 9.6 .5 .5 .7 .8 1.2 1.9 24.8 16.6 .6 .9 .7 1.3 2.0 3.6 26.9 18.7 .6 1.0 .8 1.7 2.3 3.9 19.7 11.5 .7 .7 .5 .5 1.3 3.0 19.2 10.3 1.0 .8 .6 .6 1.1 1.9 18.3 9.3 .8 .8 .5 .5 .9 1.6 24.2 14.3 2.2 1.5 .8 .9 1.6 2.1 18.1 9.7 .6 .3 .7 .6 1.1 2.3 17.9 11.8 .9 .4 .4 .3 1.0 2.2 14.0 9.3 .7 .3 .5 .3 .7 1.9 19.5 12.8 1.0 .4 .4 .3 1.1 2.3 1.9 1.3 .4 3.2 2.0 .3 1.4 1.0 .5 1.9 4.0 3.4 2.1 4.9 4.4 1.4 1.8 .9 1.8 1.7 .8 1.7 1.5 .7 1.8 2.7 2.1 1.9 1.4 .5 2.3 2.5 .4 1.9 1.4 .4 2.5 2.9 .4 1.2 8.1 1.2 .4 1.0 .6 2.1 1.6 1.6 7.7 .9 .6 .5 .9 2.4 1.0 1.1 8.3 1.3 .4 1.2 .5 2.0 1.9 .7 8.2 1.9 .1 .3 .8 1.9 1.4 .6 8.1 1.7 .1 .2 .9 1.8 1.4 1.0 8.2 2.4 .2 .3 .7 2.3 1.1 .4 9.0 1.7 1.3 1.0 .8 1.3 1.5 .5 9.0 1.4 2.2 .8 .8 1.4 1.3 .3 9.8 2.0 .7 1.9 1.0 1.4 1.3 .4 8.4 2.3 .2 .8 .7 1.2 1.7 1.0 6.2 1.5 .1 1.0 .4 1.6 .8 .8 4.8 1.7 .1 .3 .2 1.4 .6 1.1 6.7 1.4 .2 1.2 .5 1.7 .8 Transportation, communications, and public utilities ....................................................... Transportation .............................................. Communications and other public utilities .... 7.3 4.3 2.9 5.8 3.1 2.7 7.8 4.8 3.0 6.5 4.1 2.4 6.2 4.0 2.2 7.1 4.2 2.9 8.0 4.9 3.1 7.8 4.7 3.2 7.2 4.7 2.5 8.7 5.3 3.4 7.2 4.4 2.8 7.1 3.9 3.2 7.3 4.6 2.6 Wholesale and retail trade .............................. Wholesale trade ............................................ Retail trade ................................................... 24.0 4.5 19.5 23.3 3.7 19.7 24.3 4.8 19.5 25.1 4.8 20.3 24.5 4.5 20.0 26.6 5.5 21.1 26.0 4.7 21.4 25.7 4.6 21.1 25.5 4.2 21.3 26.8 5.1 21.7 26.4 5.3 21.1 26.9 4.4 22.4 26.2 5.6 20.6 Finance, insurance, and real estate ............... 9.2 8.7 9.4 7.4 7.2 8.0 7.6 8.4 6.7 6.7 7.4 7.6 7.3 Services, excluding private households ......... Professional services .................................... Educational services ................................... Health services, including hospitals ............ 35.2 23.8 3.7 11.9 35.2 24.4 4.4 12.0 35.2 23.6 3.4 11.9 30.1 19.7 2.7 10.4 29.4 19.1 2.4 10.1 31.9 21.0 3.2 10.9 30.6 18.6 2.2 9.5 31.9 18.9 2.4 9.2 28.1 18.8 2.0 10.2 29.9 18.2 1.9 9.4 33.3 18.3 2.2 8.6 33.9 18.0 1.8 8.4 33.1 18.4 2.3 8.7 Total (in thousands) ................................... 10,350 Percent ...................................................... 100.0 2,844 100.0 7,506 13,415 100.0 100.0 9,569 100.0 3,846 18,859 100.0 100.0 9,746 100.0 3,141 100.0 5,971 11,793 100.0 100.0 3,393 100.0 8,400 100.0 Men Mining ............................................................. .3 .2 .3 .5 .4 .7 1.6 .5 1.8 3.4 1.0 2.4 .4 Construction ................................................... 8.9 8.9 8.9 9.7 9.3 10.7 12.4 12.8 12.4 11.9 11.2 14.4 10.0 Manufacturing ................................................. Durable goods .............................................. Lumber and wood products ........................ Furniture and fixtures .................................. Stone, clay, and glass products .................. Primary metal industries ............................. Fabricated metal products .......................... Machinery and computing equipment ......... Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies .................................................... Transportation equipment ........................... Motor vehicles .......................................... Professional and photographic equipment, and watches, etc. ...................................... 23.6 14.6 .8 .6 .8 1.0 1.9 3.1 27.7 18.5 .8 .4 .5 .8 2.5 3.8 22.0 13.1 .7 .7 .9 1.1 1.6 2.8 32.3 22.8 .9 1.1 1.0 2.1 2.8 5.4 35.1 25.7 .9 1.2 1.1 2.7 3.2 5.8 25.4 15.6 1.0 .9 .8 .7 1.8 4.5 23.6 13.6 1.5 .9 .9 .9 1.4 2.7 21.9 12.1 1.2 1.0 .7 .7 1.1 2.2 29.5 18.9 3.4 1.7 1.1 1.4 2.3 2.7 23.3 13.2 .9 .3 1.0 .9 1.5 3.5 21.9 15.1 1.3 .6 .6 .6 1.4 2.8 17.6 12.0 1.1 .5 .7 .5 1.1 2.4 23.6 16.3 1.4 .6 .6 .6 1.5 2.9 2.2 2.0 .7 3.6 3.2 .5 1.7 1.5 .7 2.0 5.7 4.8 2.3 7.0 6.2 1.4 2.7 1.3 2.0 2.4 1.2 1.9 2.2 .9 2.0 3.6 2.7 2.4 2.0 .7 2.6 3.3 .5 2.3 1.9 .4 2.8 3.9 .6 1.4 1.8 1.3 .8 .7 1.1 .5 .5 .4 .4 1.1 .9 1.1 See footnotes at end of table. 25 Table 6. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed private nonagricultural wage and salary workers by industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Northeast Population group and industry Total Midwest New Middle England Atlantic Total South East West North North Central Central Total West East West South South South Atlantic Central Central Total MounPacific tain Men–Continued Nondurable goods ........................................ Food and kindred products ......................... Textile mill products .................................... Apparel and other textile products .............. Paper and allied products ........................... Printing and publishing ............................... Chemicals and allied products .................... 9.0 1.5 .5 .6 .9 2.3 1.9 9.3 1.1 .7 .2 1.2 2.8 1.3 8.9 1.7 .4 .8 .7 2.0 2.1 9.5 2.5 .1 .2 1.0 2.0 1.6 9.4 2.2 .1 .2 1.1 1.9 1.7 9.7 3.2 .1 .3 .9 2.3 1.4 10.1 2.0 1.3 .5 1.1 1.4 1.9 9.8 1.6 2.2 .5 1.1 1.5 1.6 10.6 2.1 .8 .8 1.4 1.3 1.9 10.1 2.6 .1 .4 1.0 1.2 2.5 6.8 2.0 .1 .7 .5 1.7 .9 5.7 2.2 .1 .1 .2 1.7 .7 7.3 1.8 .1 .9 .7 1.8 .9 Transportation, communications, and public utilities ....................................................... Transportation .............................................. Communications and other public utilities .... 9.7 6.0 3.7 7.7 4.3 3.4 10.5 6.7 3.9 8.5 5.6 2.9 8.1 5.5 2.6 9.4 5.9 3.4 10.4 6.7 3.7 10.2 6.4 3.8 10.1 6.8 3.2 11.0 7.3 3.8 8.9 5.7 3.2 8.8 4.9 3.9 8.9 6.0 2.9 Wholesale and retail trade .............................. Wholesale trade ............................................ Retail trade ................................................... 24.4 5.8 18.6 23.7 5.1 18.6 24.7 6.1 18.6 23.7 6.4 17.3 22.4 5.8 16.6 26.7 7.7 19.0 25.0 6.0 19.0 25.3 5.9 19.4 23.5 5.8 17.7 25.3 6.3 18.9 25.5 6.3 19.2 25.5 5.7 19.7 25.6 6.5 19.0 Finance, insurance, and real estate ............... 7.7 6.9 8.0 5.0 4.8 5.4 5.1 6.0 4.2 4.3 5.4 5.4 5.3 Services, excluding private households ......... Professional services .................................... Educational services ................................... Health services, including hospitals ............ 25.4 13.4 2.6 4.6 24.9 13.4 3.3 4.1 25.6 13.5 2.4 4.8 20.4 10.0 1.6 3.6 19.9 9.6 1.5 3.4 21.8 10.9 2.1 4.1 21.8 9.9 1.2 3.4 23.3 10.2 1.4 3.4 18.6 10.0 1.1 4.0 20.9 9.4 1.0 3.2 26.2 10.6 1.5 3.5 26.0 10.4 1.2 3.2 26.2 10.6 1.6 3.5 9,027 100.0 2,566 100.0 6,460 11,503 100.0 100.0 8,119 100.0 3,385 15,575 100.0 100.0 8,223 100.0 2,687 100.0 4,665 100.0 9,247 100.0 2,742 100.0 6,504 100.0 (1) (1) (1) (1) 1.1 .2 .4 .1 Women Total (in thousands) ................................... Percent ...................................................... Mining ............................................................. (1) .1 .4 .1 (1) Construction ................................................... .9 1.1 .9 1.2 1.2 1.3 1.6 1.5 1.5 1.7 1.7 2.3 1.5 Manufacturing ................................................. Durable goods .............................................. Lumber and wood products ........................ Furniture and fixtures .................................. Stone, clay, and glass products .................. Primary metal industries ............................. Fabricated metal products .......................... Machinery and computing equipment ......... Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies .................................................... Transportation equipment ........................... Motor vehicles .......................................... Professional and photographic equipment, and watches, etc. ...................................... Nondurable goods ........................................ Food and kindred products ......................... Textile mill products .................................... Apparel and other textile products .............. Paper and allied products ........................... Printing and publishing ............................... Chemicals and allied products .................... 13.7 6.6 .2 .2 .3 .3 .9 1.0 15.0 9.0 .2 .1 .1 .2 1.3 1.4 13.2 5.6 .1 .2 .4 .4 .7 .9 16.0 9.4 .3 .6 .3 .4 1.1 1.6 17.1 10.5 .3 .7 .4 .5 1.3 1.7 13.2 6.8 .4 .5 .1 .2 .6 1.3 13.9 6.3 .4 .6 .3 .2 .6 1.1 13.9 6.0 .3 .6 .3 .2 .6 1.0 18.0 9.0 .8 1.3 .3 .3 .9 1.5 11.5 5.3 .3 .3 .3 .2 .6 .9 12.9 7.6 .4 .2 .2 .1 .4 1.4 9.6 5.9 .2 .1 .2 .1 .3 1.2 14.3 8.3 .4 .2 .1 (1) .5 1.4 1.6 .4 .2 2.7 .8 .2 1.1 .3 .2 1.7 2.1 1.7 1.8 2.6 2.3 1.4 .9 .4 1.5 .8 .5 1.5 .7 .4 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.4 .6 .2 1.9 1.4 .2 1.5 .9 .3 2.0 1.6 .2 1.0 7.1 .9 .4 1.5 .4 1.9 1.3 1.2 6.0 .7 .4 .7 .5 2.0 .6 .9 7.6 .9 .4 1.7 .3 1.9 1.5 .6 6.6 1.3 .1 .3 .6 1.9 1.1 .5 6.6 1.2 .1 .3 .6 1.7 1.2 .8 6.4 1.5 .2 .4 .5 2.2 .9 .4 7.6 1.4 1.3 1.5 .4 1.3 .9 .5 8.0 1.1 2.1 1.1 .5 1.3 1.0 .3 9.0 1.8 .6 3.0 .5 1.5 .6 .3 6.2 1.8 .2 1.3 .2 1.2 .8 1.0 5.4 .9 .2 1.3 .2 1.5 .6 .7 3.7 1.0 .1 .5 .1 1.2 .4 1.2 6.1 .9 .2 1.6 .2 1.6 .7 4.4 2.4 2.0 3.7 1.8 1.9 4.7 2.7 2.0 4.1 2.3 1.9 4.0 2.3 1.7 4.5 2.2 2.3 5.0 2.6 2.4 5.0 2.6 2.4 3.8 2.1 1.7 5.7 2.8 2.9 5.1 2.9 2.3 5.0 2.6 2.4 5.2 2.9 2.2 Transportation, communications, and public utilities ....................................................... Transportation .............................................. Communications and other public utilities .... See footnotes at end of table. 26 Table 6. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed private nonagricultural wage and salary workers by industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Northeast Population group and industry Total Midwest New Middle England Atlantic Total South East West North North Central Central Total West East West South South South Atlantic Central Central Total MounPacific tain Women–Continued Wholesale and retail trade .............................. Wholesale trade ............................................ Retail trade ................................................... 23.6 2.9 20.6 23.0 2.1 20.9 23.8 3.3 20.5 26.9 3.0 23.9 27.0 2.9 24.1 26.5 3.1 23.5 27.3 3.0 24.2 26.2 3.0 23.2 27.8 2.3 25.5 28.8 3.5 25.3 27.5 3.9 23.6 28.6 2.8 25.7 27.1 4.4 22.7 Finance, insurance, and real estate ............... 10.9 10.6 11.0 10.2 10.0 10.9 10.5 11.3 9.7 9.7 10.0 10.4 9.8 Services, excluding private households ......... Professional services .................................... Educational services ................................... Health services, including hospitals ............ 46.5 35.7 4.9 20.3 46.7 36.7 5.7 20.8 46.4 35.4 4.6 20.1 41.5 30.9 3.9 18.3 40.7 30.3 3.6 18.1 43.5 32.4 4.5 18.7 41.3 29.2 3.3 16.7 42.0 29.1 3.6 16.1 39.2 29.2 3.1 17.4 41.5 29.4 3.2 17.4 42.5 28.2 3.1 15.2 43.6 27.4 2.7 14.8 42.1 28.6 3.2 15.3 Total (in thousands) ................................... 16,687 Percent ...................................................... 100.0 5,026 100.0 6,736 27,338 13,846 100.0 100.0 100.0 4,679 100.0 White 11,661 22,385 15,649 100.0 100.0 100.0 8,812 17,851 100.0 100.0 5,701 12,149 100.0 100.0 Mining ............................................................. .2 .1 .2 .3 .2 .5 1.2 .3 1.1 2.6 .7 1.6 .3 Construction ................................................... 5.6 5.4 5.6 6.1 5.9 6.5 8.3 8.5 8.0 8.1 7.7 9.2 6.9 Manufacturing ................................................. Durable goods .............................................. Lumber and wood products ........................ Furniture and fixtures .................................. Stone, clay, and glass products .................. Primary metal industries ............................. Fabricated metal products .......................... Machinery and computing equipment ......... Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies .................................................... Transportation equipment ........................... Motor vehicles .......................................... Professional and photographic equipment, and watches, etc. ...................................... Nondurable goods ........................................ Food and kindred products ......................... Textile mill products .................................... Apparel and other textile products .............. Paper and allied products ........................... Printing and publishing ............................... Chemicals and allied products .................... 19.5 11.4 .5 .4 .6 .7 1.5 2.3 21.5 13.9 .6 .3 .3 .5 1.9 2.7 18.6 10.4 .5 .5 .7 .8 1.3 2.2 25.0 16.8 .7 .9 .7 1.3 2.1 3.8 27.3 19.0 .7 1.0 .8 1.7 2.5 4.2 19.7 11.6 .7 .7 .5 .5 1.3 3.1 18.5 10.1 .9 .8 .6 .6 1.1 2.0 17.2 9.0 .7 .8 .5 .5 .9 1.6 22.9 14.0 1.9 1.6 .8 .8 1.5 2.2 18.1 9.9 .6 .4 .7 .5 1.2 2.4 17.7 11.6 1.0 .4 .4 .3 1.1 2.1 14.0 9.2 .8 .4 .5 .3 .7 1.9 19.4 12.7 1.1 .5 .4 .4 1.2 2.2 2.0 1.3 .4 3.1 2.0 .3 1.5 1.0 .5 1.9 3.8 3.1 2.1 4.7 4.1 1.4 1.9 .9 1.7 1.7 .8 1.7 1.5 .6 1.7 2.7 2.1 1.8 1.5 .5 2.1 2.5 .4 1.9 1.4 .4 2.1 3.0 .4 1.2 8.1 1.3 .4 .8 .7 2.2 1.5 1.4 7.6 .8 .5 .4 .9 2.5 1.0 1.2 8.3 1.5 .4 1.0 .6 2.1 1.8 .7 8.2 1.9 .1 .2 .9 2.0 1.3 .6 8.2 1.8 .1 .2 .9 1.9 1.4 .9 8.2 2.3 .1 .3 .7 2.4 1.2 .5 8.3 1.5 1.1 .8 .8 1.4 1.5 .5 8.2 1.0 1.9 .6 .7 1.5 1.4 .4 9.0 1.5 .6 1.6 .9 1.6 1.4 .4 8.2 2.1 .1 .7 .7 1.2 1.7 1.0 6.1 1.6 .1 .8 .4 1.7 .7 .7 4.8 1.7 .1 .2 .2 1.5 .6 1.1 6.7 1.5 .1 1.1 .6 1.7 .8 Transportation, communications, and public utilities ....................................................... Transportation .............................................. Communications and other public utilities .... 7.1 4.2 2.9 5.8 3.1 2.7 7.7 4.7 3.0 6.3 4.0 2.3 6.0 3.9 2.0 7.0 4.1 2.9 7.8 4.7 3.1 7.6 4.4 3.2 7.0 4.4 2.5 8.6 5.3 3.3 7.1 4.3 2.8 7.0 3.8 3.2 7.1 4.5 2.6 Wholesale and retail trade .............................. Wholesale trade ............................................ Retail trade ................................................... 24.5 4.7 19.7 23.7 3.8 19.9 24.8 5.1 19.7 25.5 5.0 20.4 24.9 4.8 20.1 26.9 5.7 21.1 26.1 5.0 21.1 25.9 4.9 21.1 25.8 4.6 21.3 26.5 5.3 21.2 26.7 5.4 21.3 26.9 4.5 22.3 26.6 5.7 20.9 Finance, insurance, and real estate ............... 9.0 8.7 9.2 7.4 7.2 7.9 8.0 9.0 7.0 7.0 7.3 7.7 7.1 Services, excluding private households ......... Professional services .................................... Educational services ................................... Health services, including hospitals ............ 34.2 23.1 3.7 11.0 34.8 24.2 4.5 11.6 33.9 22.7 3.4 10.7 29.4 19.3 2.6 9.9 28.5 18.6 2.4 9.6 31.5 20.9 3.2 10.7 30.2 18.6 2.2 9.0 31.4 18.9 2.4 8.7 28.1 19.3 2.0 10.1 29.2 17.9 1.9 8.8 32.8 18.0 2.1 8.3 33.6 18.2 1.8 8.4 32.5 17.9 2.2 8.2 See footnotes at end of table. 27 Table 6. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed private nonagricultural wage and salary workers by industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Northeast Population group and industry Total Midwest New Middle England Atlantic Total South East West North North Central Central Total West East West South South South Atlantic Central Central Total MounPacific tain Black Total (in thousands) ................................... Percent ...................................................... Mining ............................................................. 1,913 100.0 277 100.0 1,636 100.0 (1) (1) (1) 1,931 100.0 1,616 100.0 315 100.0 6,144 100.0 3,637 100.0 1,089 100.0 1,418 100.0 917 100.0 165 100.0 752 100.0 .1 .1 .3 .4 .1 .6 1.1 .1 .6 .1 Construction ................................................... 3.2 1.4 3.5 2.7 2.6 3.2 4.6 4.8 4.8 4.1 3.6 3.0 3.7 Manufacturing ................................................. Durable goods .............................................. Lumber and wood products ........................ Furniture and fixtures .................................. Stone, clay, and glass products .................. Primary metal industries ............................. Fabricated metal products .......................... Machinery and computing equipment ......... Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies .................................................... Transportation equipment ........................... Motor vehicles .......................................... Professional and photographic equipment, and watches, etc. ...................................... Nondurable goods ........................................ Food and kindred products ......................... Textile mill products .................................... Apparel and other textile products .............. Paper and allied products ........................... Printing and publishing ............................... Chemicals and allied products .................... 13.1 6.5 .1 .2 .4 .5 1.0 .5 21.7 13.7 .4 .4 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 3.2 .7 11.7 5.3 .1 .2 .4 .5 .6 .4 21.5 14.3 .3 .4 .3 1.7 1.5 1.5 23.0 15.8 .2 .5 .3 2.0 1.8 1.5 14.3 6.7 .3 1 ( ) .3 .3 .3 .6 22.4 10.6 1.5 .7 .7 .7 1.0 1.8 22.4 10.6 1.2 .9 .7 .5 .9 1.9 29.1 15.8 3.6 1.2 .8 1.1 1.9 1.7 17.3 6.8 .8 .1 .7 .7 .4 1.3 12.5 7.4 .5 .1 .1 .1 .2 1.3 10.3 6.1 (1) 1 ( ) (1) (1) (1) 1.2 12.9 7.7 .7 .1 .1 .1 .3 1.3 1.3 .9 .5 2.9 2.2 .7 1.1 .6 .5 1.6 6.0 5.5 1.6 6.9 6.6 1.0 1.9 .3 1.8 1.6 1.0 1.8 1.6 1.0 2.1 2.5 1.7 1.5 .8 .4 1.1 2.6 .2 1.8 1.8 (1) .9 2.8 .3 .9 6.6 .9 .4 .9 .3 1.6 2.0 2.9 8.3 1.8 1.1 1.4 .7 1.8 .7 .6 6.4 .8 .3 .9 .2 1.5 2.2 .5 7.3 1.9 .1 .3 .6 1.1 1.7 .3 7.2 1.5 .1 .3 .6 1.2 1.7 1.3 7.6 3.8 (1) (1) .6 1.3 1.3 .4 11.8 2.9 2.1 1.5 1.0 1.0 1.5 .5 11.8 2.4 3.0 1.3 1.1 1.1 1.3 .2 13.3 3.9 1.2 3.1 .9 .7 1.0 .2 10.6 3.5 .4 .9 .8 1.0 2.4 .7 5.1 1.2 (1) .2 .2 1.9 1.3 1.2 4.2 1.8 (1) (1) (1) 1.8 .6 .5 5.3 1.1 (1) .3 .3 1.9 1.5 Transportation, communications, and public utilities ....................................................... Transportation .............................................. Communications and other public utilities .... 9.4 6.0 3.4 7.9 4.7 3.2 9.6 6.2 3.4 9.0 5.5 3.5 8.8 5.2 3.6 9.8 7.0 2.9 9.3 6.0 3.4 9.2 6.0 3.2 8.4 5.8 2.6 10.3 5.9 4.4 11.2 7.2 4.0 9.1 6.1 3.6 11.7 7.6 4.1 Wholesale and retail trade .............................. Wholesale trade ............................................ Retail trade ................................................... 19.5 2.5 17.0 17.3 1.1 16.2 19.8 2.8 17.1 22.0 2.6 19.3 21.2 2.7 18.6 26.0 2.5 23.2 25.0 3.6 21.5 24.5 3.8 20.7 23.6 2.5 21.0 27.6 3.9 23.7 21.5 4.7 16.8 24.2 3.6 20.0 20.9 4.9 16.1 Finance, insurance, and real estate ............... 10.2 8.3 10.5 7.9 7.7 9.2 6.4 6.7 5.8 5.9 8.5 8.5 8.5 Services, excluding private households ......... Professional services .................................... Educational services ................................... Health services, including hospitals ............ 44.6 31.3 3.2 19.6 43.0 31.4 4.0 20.6 44.9 31.2 3.1 19.4 36.9 23.7 2.7 14.0 36.7 23.9 2.6 14.0 37.5 22.9 3.2 14.0 31.9 18.9 2.2 11.5 32.3 18.6 2.4 10.9 27.7 17.0 1.9 10.7 33.9 20.9 1.8 13.8 42.4 24.0 3.9 11.6 43.6 16.4 1.8 8.5 42.3 25.7 4.3 12.2 Total (in thousands) ................................... Percent ...................................................... 1,616 100.0 258 100.0 1,359 100.0 936 100.0 749 100.0 187 100.0 3,543 100.0 1,327 100.0 56 100.0 2,160 100.0 4,241 100.0 1,047 100.0 3,194 100.0 Mining ............................................................. .1 (1) (1) (1) 1.0 .1 1.6 .5 1.4 .1 Construction ................................................... 5.3 3.5 5.6 6.5 6.0 8.0 11.8 10.9 8.9 12.5 8.8 12.5 7.6 Manufacturing ................................................. Durable goods .............................................. Lumber and wood products ........................ Furniture and fixtures .................................. Stone, clay, and glass products .................. Primary metal industries ............................. Fabricated metal products .......................... Machinery and computing equipment ......... Electrical machinery, equipment, and supplies .................................................... Transportation equipment ........................... Motor vehicles .......................................... Professional and photographic equipment, and watches, etc. ...................................... 20.8 9.3 .2 .3 .2 .4 1.4 1.1 28.7 19.0 .8 .8 1 ( ) .8 3.5 2.3 19.3 7.4 .1 .2 .2 .4 .9 .9 36.2 21.4 .9 1.7 1.0 2.5 3.2 3.1 37.7 23.8 .8 1.5 1.2 2.9 3.5 3.6 30.5 11.8 1.1 2.7 1 ( ) .5 2.1 1.1 18.6 8.7 .6 .7 .7 .6 1.2 1.8 13.9 6.7 .5 .8 .4 .4 .9 1.1 28.6 14.3 3.6 (1) 1 ( ) 1.8 1.8 1.8 21.2 9.8 .6 .7 .9 .7 1.4 2.3 23.1 12.8 1.0 1.0 .6 .4 1.7 2.1 16.4 8.9 1.3 .8 .5 .6 .5 1.2 25.3 14.1 .9 1.1 .6 .3 2.0 2.3 2.0 .9 .6 5.0 2.3 1.2 1.5 .7 .4 2.4 4.2 3.8 2.9 4.4 4.1 .5 3.2 2.7 1.2 1.2 .5 1.3 .8 .4 3.6 3.6 1.8 1.0 1.3 .5 2.2 2.1 .5 1.4 1.6 .5 2.4 2.2 .6 .6 1.2 .4 .5 .4 .5 .3 .5 .3 .9 .4 1.1 Hispanic origin (1) .1 See footnotes at end of table. 28 (1) (1) Table 6. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of employed private nonagricultural wage and salary workers by industry, sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Northeast Population group and industry Total Midwest New Middle England Atlantic Total South East West North North Central Central Total West East West South South South Atlantic Central Central Total MounPacific tain Hispanic origin–Continued Nondurable goods ........................................ Food and kindred products ......................... Textile mill products .................................... Apparel and other textile products .............. Paper and allied products ........................... Printing and publishing ............................... Chemicals and allied products .................... 11.5 1.8 1.0 3.7 .6 1.2 1.7 9.7 1.6 .4 1.2 .8 2.3 1.2 11.8 1.8 1.1 4.2 .5 1.0 1.8 14.9 6.2 .1 .4 1.3 2.1 1.1 13.8 4.3 .1 .5 1.6 2.0 1.3 18.7 13.9 (1) .5 (1) 2.1 (1) 9.9 3.5 .4 1.3 .5 1.0 1.3 7.2 1.5 1.0 .8 .5 1.3 .9 Transportation, communications, and public utilities ....................................................... Transportation .............................................. Communications and other public utilities .... 6.8 5.0 1.9 4.3 3.1 1.2 7.3 5.4 2.0 4.5 3.1 1.4 4.4 3.2 1.2 4.8 2.7 2.1 8.4 5.9 2.4 10.3 8.0 2.3 Wholesale and retail trade .............................. Wholesale trade ............................................ Retail trade ................................................... 28.8 4.8 23.9 23.6 2.7 20.9 29.7 5.2 24.5 27.0 4.7 22.3 26.3 4.8 21.5 29.9 4.8 25.7 27.9 4.5 23.4 27.2 5.3 21.9 Finance, insurance, and real estate ............... 7.7 5.8 8.1 4.1 4.1 4.3 5.8 8.1 Services, excluding private households ......... Professional services .................................... Educational services ................................... Health services, including hospitals ............ 30.6 17.2 1.9 9.7 33.7 19.8 1.9 12.0 30.0 16.6 1.9 9.2 21.7 9.7 1.2 5.0 21.5 10.0 1.3 5.2 22.5 8.6 .5 4.8 26.6 13.8 1.3 7.8 29.7 15.0 1.7 8.3 1 Less than 500 persons or less than 0.05 percent. NOTE: Totals for the summary groups published include other industries, not shown separately. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed percentages because of rounding. plastics products are not available. 29 14.3 8.9 (1) 1 ( ) (1) 1.8 1.8 (1) (1) (1) 21.4 3.6 19.6 (1) 39.3 23.2 (1) 12.5 11.5 4.6 .1 1.7 .6 .8 1.6 10.3 3.3 .2 2.4 .5 1.6 1.1 7.5 4.3 .1 .5 .2 1.1 .7 11.1 3.0 .2 3.0 .6 1.7 1.2 7.4 4.8 2.6 6.3 4.2 2.1 6.3 3.7 2.7 6.3 4.4 1.9 28.4 4.0 24.4 29.6 5.8 23.8 29.6 4.7 24.8 29.6 6.1 23.4 4.5 4.4 5.1 4.2 24.4 12.9 1.1 7.5 27.4 11.4 1.1 6.3 28.7 11.9 .8 6.6 27.0 11.2 1.2 6.3 Data on rubber and miscellaneous Table 7. Census regions and divisions: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages (In thousands) Hours of work Average hours 35 hours and over Population group and area Total at work 1 to 14 hours 15 to 29 30 to 34 hours hours Total 35 to 39 hours 40 hours Persons who Total at usually 41 to 48 49 hours work work full hours and over time TOTAL Northeast .............................................................. New England ....................................................... Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 23,729 6,544 17,185 1,206 356 851 3,177 888 2,289 2,143 686 1,458 17,202 4,615 12,588 2,163 526 1,637 8,184 2,110 6,074 2,521 759 1,762 4,335 1,220 3,115 38.6 38.4 38.7 42.7 42.8 42.7 Midwest ................................................................ East North Central ............................................... West North Central .............................................. 30,543 21,075 9,469 1,712 1,130 582 3,917 2,650 1,267 2,785 1,897 889 22,129 15,398 6,731 1,978 1,353 626 9,601 6,807 2,794 3,971 2,746 1,225 6,578 4,493 2,086 39.4 39.4 39.3 43.8 43.7 43.9 South .................................................................... South Atlantic ...................................................... East South Central .............................................. West South Central ............................................. 43,866 22,741 7,406 13,719 1,883 941 335 607 4,870 2,466 868 1,536 3,741 1,926 653 1,162 33,371 17,407 5,550 10,414 2,890 1,487 531 872 16,489 8,788 2,660 5,040 5,100 2,621 885 1,594 8,893 4,510 1,474 2,908 39.9 39.8 39.6 40.1 43.2 43.0 43.0 43.5 West ..................................................................... Mountain .............................................................. Pacific .................................................................. 27,870 7,997 19,873 1,454 423 1,031 3,597 1,009 2,588 2,679 761 1,918 20,140 5,804 14,336 1,711 521 1,189 10,000 2,724 7,276 3,029 911 2,118 5,399 1,647 3,752 38.9 39.2 38.8 43.0 43.4 42.9 Northeast .............................................................. New England ....................................................... Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 12,712 3,468 9,244 416 127 290 1,063 287 776 913 271 643 10,319 2,784 7,536 801 192 609 4,686 1,205 3,481 1,609 488 1,121 3,223 899 2,324 41.8 41.7 41.8 44.3 44.4 44.3 Midwest ................................................................ East North Central ............................................... West North Central .............................................. 16,408 11,332 5,076 620 398 222 1,396 907 489 1,166 793 372 13,226 9,234 3,992 768 521 247 5,241 3,739 1,502 2,402 1,672 730 4,814 3,302 1,512 42.6 42.7 42.5 45.4 45.3 45.7 South .................................................................... South Atlantic ...................................................... East South Central .............................................. West South Central ............................................. 23,772 12,185 3,989 7,598 704 352 127 225 1,901 949 334 618 1,595 824 276 495 19,572 10,060 3,252 6,261 1,114 574 191 348 8,820 4,660 1,420 2,739 3,084 1,550 535 999 6,554 3,276 1,105 2,174 42.6 42.4 42.5 43.1 44.9 44.6 44.8 45.3 West ..................................................................... Mountain .............................................................. Pacific .................................................................. 15,483 4,387 11,096 542 151 391 1,404 371 1,032 1,227 338 888 12,311 3,527 8,784 772 225 547 5,777 1,557 4,220 1,864 552 1,313 3,898 1,193 2,704 41.5 42.2 41.3 44.2 44.8 44.0 Northeast .............................................................. New England ....................................................... Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 11,017 3,076 7,941 790 229 561 2,114 601 1,513 1,230 415 815 6,883 1,831 5,052 1,362 334 1,028 3,498 905 2,593 912 271 641 1,112 321 790 34.9 34.7 35.0 40.5 40.5 40.4 Midwest ................................................................ East North Central ............................................... West North Central .............................................. 14,136 9,743 4,393 1,092 732 360 2,522 1,743 778 1,619 1,103 516 8,903 6,165 2,738 1,210 832 378 4,360 3,069 1,291 1,569 1,074 495 1,764 1,190 574 35.6 35.6 35.5 41.4 41.4 41.3 South .................................................................... South Atlantic ...................................................... East South Central .............................................. West South Central ............................................. 20,094 10,555 3,417 6,121 1,179 589 208 382 2,969 1,517 534 918 2,146 1,102 376 667 13,799 7,347 2,299 4,153 1,776 913 339 524 7,669 4,128 1,240 2,301 2,015 1,071 350 594 2,339 1,235 370 734 36.6 36.8 36.2 36.5 40.9 41.0 40.5 40.9 West ..................................................................... Mountain .............................................................. Pacific .................................................................. 12,387 3,610 8,777 913 272 640 2,193 638 1,556 1,452 423 1,030 7,828 2,277 5,551 938 297 642 4,223 1,167 3,056 1,165 360 806 1,502 454 1,048 35.6 35.6 35.6 41.2 41.3 41.2 Northeast .............................................................. New England ....................................................... Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 1,123 335 788 288 94 194 470 139 331 84 27 57 280 75 206 60 17 43 156 41 115 31 9 22 34 8 26 23.3 22.4 23.6 39.3 38.5 39.5 Midwest ................................................................ East North Central ............................................... West North Central .............................................. 1,976 1,301 675 458 295 163 801 537 264 186 122 64 531 348 183 109 76 32 259 169 91 86 54 31 77 48 29 24.4 24.4 24.6 39.7 39.6 39.8 South .................................................................... South Atlantic ...................................................... East South Central .............................................. West South Central ............................................. 2,237 1,098 404 735 372 189 66 118 904 441 166 297 231 114 40 76 730 354 131 245 166 81 28 57 383 194 69 120 86 36 20 29 95 43 14 38 26.5 26.3 26.5 26.9 39.5 39.5 39.5 39.5 Men Women Both sexes, 16 to 19 years See footnotes at end of table. 30 Table 7. Census regions and divisions: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (In thousands) Hours of work Average hours 35 hours and over Population group and area Total at work 1 to 14 hours 15 to 29 30 to 34 hours hours Total 35 to 39 hours 40 hours Persons who Total at usually 41 to 48 49 hours work work full hours and over time Both sexes, 16 to 19 years–Continued West ..................................................................... Mountain .............................................................. Pacific .................................................................. 1,461 507 954 288 97 191 552 187 364 160 56 104 462 167 296 89 30 59 265 93 172 49 20 29 60 23 36 25.9 26.4 25.7 39.6 40.0 39.5 Northeast .............................................................. New England ....................................................... Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 20,392 6,098 14,294 1,090 337 752 2,772 834 1,938 1,882 642 1,240 14,648 4,285 10,363 1,777 493 1,284 6,690 1,902 4,788 2,277 725 1,552 3,904 1,164 2,740 38.6 38.4 38.7 42.9 42.9 43.0 Midwest ................................................................ East North Central ............................................... West North Central .............................................. 27,421 18,585 8,835 1,585 1,031 554 3,532 2,348 1,184 2,492 1,672 820 19,812 13,535 6,277 1,783 1,195 588 8,230 5,697 2,533 3,704 2,534 1,170 6,096 4,109 1,987 39.4 39.5 39.4 43.9 43.9 44.0 South .................................................................... South Atlantic ...................................................... East South Central .............................................. West South Central ............................................. 34,810 17,450 5,973 11,387 1,567 765 280 522 3,902 1,921 697 1,283 2,933 1,450 516 967 26,408 13,314 4,480 8,614 2,264 1,120 424 720 12,326 6,333 2,018 3,975 4,246 2,107 759 1,380 7,572 3,753 1,279 2,539 40.1 40.0 39.8 40.2 43.5 43.4 43.4 43.7 West ..................................................................... Mountain .............................................................. Pacific .................................................................. 23,631 7,427 16,204 1,284 404 880 3,088 944 2,144 2,270 708 1,562 16,990 5,372 11,619 1,489 490 999 8,128 2,478 5,650 2,656 855 1,800 4,718 1,549 3,170 38.9 39.2 38.7 43.1 43.5 43.0 Northeast .............................................................. New England ....................................................... Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 2,428 323 2,104 88 15 73 313 42 272 200 33 167 1,826 234 1,592 296 28 269 1,103 146 958 166 23 144 260 38 222 37.7 37.7 37.7 40.7 41.1 40.6 Midwest ................................................................ East North Central ............................................... West North Central .............................................. 2,387 1,983 404 92 75 16 300 250 51 231 186 45 1,764 1,471 293 161 134 27 1,067 904 164 197 160 37 338 274 64 38.4 38.4 38.5 41.8 41.8 41.9 South .................................................................... South Atlantic ...................................................... East South Central .............................................. West South Central ............................................. 7,893 4,700 1,358 1,834 280 160 52 67 854 486 162 206 722 431 130 161 6,037 3,623 1,014 1,400 558 338 99 121 3,683 2,208 616 859 728 447 118 162 1,069 630 181 258 38.9 38.9 38.4 39.1 41.5 41.5 41.4 41.8 West ..................................................................... Mountain .............................................................. Pacific .................................................................. 1,271 208 1,063 40 7 33 149 23 126 129 17 112 953 160 793 70 12 58 576 93 483 107 19 88 199 36 163 39.2 39.5 39.2 42.2 42.6 42.1 Northeast .............................................................. New England ....................................................... Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 1,887 290 1,597 55 10 45 225 35 190 154 32 121 1,453 213 1,240 198 18 179 832 136 696 158 26 132 265 33 232 38.8 38.1 39.0 41.7 41.5 41.7 Midwest ................................................................ East North Central ............................................... West North Central .............................................. 1,037 825 212 27 20 8 88 68 21 101 78 22 821 659 162 68 50 18 454 376 78 124 100 25 175 133 42 40.3 40.3 40.3 42.9 42.7 43.6 South .................................................................... South Atlantic ...................................................... East South Central .............................................. West South Central ............................................. 4,354 1,582 65 2,707 134 40 2 92 476 163 6 307 379 130 5 244 3,365 1,249 52 2,064 302 102 5 195 1,894 739 26 1,129 473 165 11 298 696 242 11 442 39.4 39.5 40.4 39.4 42.2 42.0 42.9 42.3 West ..................................................................... Mountain .............................................................. Pacific .................................................................. 5,588 1,329 4,259 195 42 152 660 146 514 549 136 413 4,184 1,004 3,180 355 95 261 2,570 594 1,976 544 122 422 714 193 521 38.4 39.0 38.2 41.5 41.9 41.4 White Black Hispanic origin NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals because of rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. 31 Table 8. Census regions and divisions: Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status, 1998 annual averages (In thousands) Usually work full time Population group and area Total Usually work part time Slack Vacation WeatherHoliday, work or or related legal or business personal curtailreligious conditions day ment Other reasons1 Total Slack work or business conditions Other Retired Could In family or or Social Other Childonly find school personal Security reacare part-time or limit on sons2 problems obligawork training tions earnings TOTAL Northeast .............................. New England ....................... Middle Atlantic ..................... 2,299 680 1,619 135 35 99 636 165 471 845 282 563 60 27 33 623 171 453 4,228 1,250 2,978 211 51 160 320 72 248 215 65 150 1,086 354 732 1,135 336 799 392 121 272 869 251 617 Midwest ................................ East North Central ............... West North Central .............. 2,914 1,930 985 215 146 68 945 614 331 747 524 223 132 76 56 875 570 307 5,500 3,747 1,753 188 136 52 297 212 85 174 138 36 1,403 962 442 1,821 1,198 623 563 369 194 1,054 732 321 South .................................... South Atlantic ...................... East South Central .............. West South Central ............. 4,279 2,162 762 1,355 397 187 74 136 1,166 612 184 369 1,088 594 194 299 201 79 46 76 1,427 690 264 475 6,215 3,172 1,094 1,949 324 164 51 109 400 194 76 131 222 121 33 67 1,232 637 219 377 1,887 919 342 625 609 328 120 161 1,541 809 253 479 West ..................................... Mountain .............................. Pacific .................................. 2,779 789 1,990 311 73 239 743 243 501 724 192 532 97 15 82 904 266 636 4,951 1,404 3,547 384 76 308 342 76 266 157 48 109 1,146 353 794 1,461 430 1,031 327 106 221 1,134 315 818 Northeast .............................. New England ....................... Middle Atlantic ..................... 1,130 325 805 83 20 63 324 82 243 402 130 271 42 17 25 279 76 203 1,263 359 904 92 23 68 124 30 94 6 2 4 51 19 32 500 145 355 222 65 157 268 75 194 Midwest ................................ East North Central ............... West North Central .............. 1,440 950 490 126 87 39 473 307 166 362 257 105 86 51 35 393 248 145 1,741 1,148 593 91 65 26 111 78 34 8 7 1 60 37 23 823 528 295 305 197 108 343 236 106 South .................................... South Atlantic ...................... East South Central .............. West South Central ............. 2,107 1,058 369 681 234 115 41 78 589 308 89 192 500 274 90 136 174 76 38 60 610 285 111 215 2,093 1,067 369 657 142 76 20 47 141 65 25 51 5 2 1 2 66 36 11 19 870 430 152 287 347 184 75 87 522 274 85 164 West ..................................... Mountain .............................. Pacific .................................. 1,464 401 1,063 203 42 161 396 127 269 356 97 259 80 13 67 429 122 307 1,707 459 1,249 188 34 154 138 30 108 8 2 6 89 21 67 685 198 488 174 57 117 425 117 309 Northeast .............................. New England ....................... Middle Atlantic ..................... 1,169 354 815 52 16 36 312 83 229 443 152 292 18 10 8 344 93 250 2,965 891 2,074 119 28 91 195 42 153 209 63 146 1,034 335 699 635 191 444 170 56 114 603 176 427 Midwest ................................ East North Central ............... West North Central .............. 1,474 979 495 88 59 29 472 307 165 385 267 118 45 24 21 484 322 162 3,759 2,599 1,160 98 71 26 186 135 51 166 132 35 1,343 925 419 998 670 328 258 172 86 710 494 215 South .................................... South Atlantic ...................... East South Central .............. West South Central ............. 2,172 1,104 394 675 163 72 33 58 577 305 95 177 588 320 105 163 28 4 8 16 816 403 153 261 4,122 2,105 725 1,293 181 88 31 62 259 129 50 80 217 119 32 65 1,166 601 207 358 1,017 489 190 338 262 144 44 73 1,020 535 171 317 West ..................................... Mountain .............................. Pacific .................................. 1,315 388 927 108 30 78 347 116 231 368 94 274 17 2 15 475 146 329 3,244 945 2,299 196 42 154 205 46 159 149 46 103 1,058 331 726 775 232 543 153 49 104 708 199 510 Northeast .............................. New England ....................... Middle Atlantic ..................... 1,992 633 1,359 119 33 86 566 154 412 725 262 463 56 26 30 526 158 368 3,846 1,214 2,632 170 50 120 253 63 190 198 63 135 1,049 353 696 1,000 321 679 375 119 256 801 245 556 Midwest ................................ East North Central ............... 2,609 1,693 188 126 878 561 659 454 123 68 761 484 5,150 3,458 169 117 246 171 159 125 1,376 936 1,663 1,078 537 346 1,000 685 Men Women White See footnotes at end of table. 32 Table 8. Census regions and divisions: Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status, 1998 annual averages — Continued (In thousands) Usually work full time Population group and area Total Usually work part time Slack Vacation WeatherHoliday, work or or related legal or business personal curtailreligious conditions day ment Other reasons1 Total Slack work or business conditions Other Retired Could In family or or Social Other Childonly find school personal Security reacare part-time or limit on sons2 problems obligawork training tions earnings White–Continued West North Central .............. 916 63 318 205 55 275 1,693 51 75 34 441 586 191 315 South .................................... South Atlantic ...................... East South Central .............. West South Central ............. 3,349 1,621 602 1,127 299 133 55 111 957 487 154 316 847 439 154 253 159 59 39 61 1,087 503 200 386 5,193 2,589 916 1,689 240 119 35 87 268 121 51 95 185 99 28 58 1,142 583 202 357 1,529 726 271 532 532 275 112 144 1,297 666 217 416 West ..................................... Mountain .............................. Pacific .................................. 2,355 736 1,619 272 68 203 647 231 416 577 174 403 88 14 74 771 249 523 4,447 1,365 3,082 349 75 274 286 71 215 139 47 92 1,075 350 726 1,252 405 846 293 103 190 1,053 314 739 Northeast .............................. New England ....................... Middle Atlantic ..................... 242 37 205 12 2 10 51 7 44 92 16 76 3 1 2 84 11 73 371 53 318 44 2 42 68 10 58 16 1 15 40 6 34 108 16 92 17 3 14 78 15 63 Midwest ................................ East North Central ............... West North Central .............. 243 199 44 22 18 4 52 44 8 67 56 11 8 7 1 94 74 20 393 323 70 26 23 3 55 45 10 16 14 2 54 43 11 124 103 21 29 24 5 89 71 18 South .................................... South Atlantic ...................... East South Central .............. West South Central ............. 841 494 153 194 89 50 17 22 185 113 29 43 214 138 38 38 39 18 7 14 314 175 62 77 1,046 598 198 250 89 47 19 24 142 78 26 38 36 24 6 6 102 61 23 18 332 181 70 80 80 53 9 17 265 154 45 67 West ..................................... Mountain .............................. Pacific .................................. 140 18 122 10 1 9 30 3 27 48 7 42 3 49 7 42 184 31 152 15 2 13 19 3 16 5 1 4 24 6 18 57 9 48 11 1 11 53 9 42 Black (3) 2 1 Includes seasonal work, job started or ended, own illness, child-care problems, other family or personal obligations, labor dispute, in school or training, civic or military duty, and all other reasons. 2 Includes seasonal work, health and medical limitations, full-time workweek less than 35 hours, and all other reasons. 3 Less than 500 persons. NOTE: Items may not add to totals because of rounding. 33 Table 9. Census regions and divisions: Employed persons with a job but not at work by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and reason not at work, 1998 annual averages (In thousands) Population group and area Total Vacation Child-care problems1 Own illness Other reasons2 TOTAL Northeast ............................................................................ New England ..................................................................... Middle Atlantic ................................................................... 1,132 321 811 662 194 468 106 33 74 223 56 167 141 38 102 Midwest .............................................................................. East North Central ............................................................. West North Central ............................................................ 1,368 988 380 746 550 196 140 95 45 263 199 64 219 144 75 South .................................................................................. South Atlantic .................................................................... East South Central ............................................................ West South Central ........................................................... 1,856 961 335 560 974 520 165 289 202 104 38 60 387 201 70 116 293 136 62 95 West ................................................................................... Mountain ............................................................................ Pacific ................................................................................ 1,235 331 904 655 180 475 146 40 106 224 51 172 210 60 151 Northeast ............................................................................ New England ..................................................................... Middle Atlantic ................................................................... 482 140 342 291 86 205 14 4 9 106 27 79 71 23 49 Midwest .............................................................................. East North Central ............................................................. West North Central ............................................................ 577 424 154 333 252 81 17 10 7 122 91 30 105 71 36 South .................................................................................. South Atlantic .................................................................... East South Central ............................................................ West South Central ........................................................... 779 399 138 242 414 222 66 125 32 15 8 10 183 93 35 55 150 69 29 52 West ................................................................................... Mountain ............................................................................ Pacific ................................................................................ 552 146 406 312 83 229 22 7 15 106 23 83 112 33 79 Northeast ............................................................................ New England ..................................................................... Middle Atlantic ................................................................... 651 181 470 370 108 263 93 28 64 117 29 88 71 16 55 Midwest .............................................................................. East North Central ............................................................. West North Central ............................................................ 791 565 226 413 298 115 123 85 39 141 107 34 114 75 38 South .................................................................................. South Atlantic .................................................................... East South Central ............................................................ West South Central ........................................................... 1,076 562 197 318 560 298 99 163 170 90 30 51 204 108 35 61 142 66 33 43 West ................................................................................... Mountain ............................................................................ Pacific ................................................................................ 683 185 498 344 98 246 124 32 92 118 28 89 97 27 71 Men Women See footnotes at end of table. 34 Table 9. Census regions and divisions: Employed persons with a job but not at work by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and reason not at work, 1998 annual averages — Continued (In thousands) Population group and area Total Vacation Child-care problems1 Own illness Other reasons2 White Northeast ............................................................................ New England ..................................................................... Middle Atlantic ................................................................... 997 298 699 593 182 411 90 28 62 189 51 138 125 37 88 Midwest .............................................................................. East North Central ............................................................. West North Central ............................................................ 1,235 876 359 682 494 188 123 82 41 228 170 58 202 130 72 South .................................................................................. South Atlantic .................................................................... East South Central ............................................................ West South Central ........................................................... 1,489 757 271 461 810 427 137 246 157 81 28 48 289 148 54 88 233 101 52 79 West ................................................................................... Mountain ............................................................................ Pacific ................................................................................ 1,065 311 754 573 171 401 115 36 79 190 48 142 187 56 132 Northeast ............................................................................ New England ..................................................................... Middle Atlantic ................................................................... 104 16 89 49 8 42 13 4 9 29 3 26 13 1 12 Midwest .............................................................................. East North Central ............................................................. West North Central ............................................................ 105 91 14 47 43 5 13 10 3 32 27 5 13 11 1 South .................................................................................. South Atlantic .................................................................... East South Central ............................................................ West South Central ........................................................... 330 184 61 84 145 83 27 35 40 21 10 10 92 50 15 26 53 30 9 13 West ................................................................................... Pacific ................................................................................ 54 48 26 23 9 7 12 11 7 7 Northeast ............................................................................ New England ..................................................................... Middle Atlantic ................................................................... 68 11 58 39 6 33 15 3 13 8 1 6 6 1 6 Midwest .............................................................................. East North Central ............................................................. 37 30 17 14 9 8 4 4 7 4 South .................................................................................. South Atlantic .................................................................... West South Central ........................................................... 159 55 101 84 27 56 33 13 20 21 9 10 21 6 15 West ................................................................................... Mountain ............................................................................ Pacific ................................................................................ 190 44 146 89 20 69 49 10 38 20 6 15 32 8 24 Black Hispanic origin 1 Includes maternity or paternity leave and other family obligations. 2 Includes labor dispute, bad weather, in school or training, civic or military sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals because of rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. duty, and all other reasons. NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the 35 Table 10. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and reason for unemployment, 1998 annual averages Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs1 Total unemployed Population group and area Number (in thousands) Percent Total On temporary layoff Job leavers Reentrants New entrants TOTAL Northeast .............................................................. New England ....................................................... Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 1,215 250 965 100.0 100.0 100.0 49.7 53.2 48.9 15.6 18.4 14.9 9.7 12.0 9.1 31.9 28.0 33.0 8.6 6.8 9.0 Midwest ................................................................ East North Central ............................................... West North Central .............................................. 1,240 908 332 100.0 100.0 100.0 46.1 47.5 42.2 17.6 18.1 16.3 12.7 12.2 13.9 34.7 33.4 38.3 6.5 6.8 5.7 South .................................................................... South Atlantic ...................................................... East South Central .............................................. West South Central ............................................. 2,113 1,004 364 745 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 42.5 44.5 41.8 40.1 10.5 10.5 12.4 9.5 13.3 13.3 13.2 13.3 34.9 33.8 35.7 36.0 9.3 8.4 9.1 10.7 West ..................................................................... Mountain .............................................................. Pacific .................................................................. 1,650 383 1,267 100.0 100.0 100.0 45.6 41.3 46.9 14.4 15.1 14.2 10.8 14.1 9.9 35.2 38.1 34.2 8.4 6.3 9.0 Northeast .............................................................. New England ....................................................... Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 654 144 510 100.0 100.0 100.0 57.0 61.8 55.5 17.7 20.1 17.1 9.0 9.0 9.0 25.5 22.2 26.3 8.4 6.2 9.0 Midwest ................................................................ East North Central ............................................... West North Central .............................................. 671 492 179 100.0 100.0 100.0 54.1 55.7 49.7 21.0 22.0 18.4 12.4 12.2 12.8 27.3 25.6 31.3 6.3 6.3 6.1 South .................................................................... South Atlantic ...................................................... East South Central .............................................. West South Central ............................................. 1,044 497 176 370 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 48.8 50.9 46.0 47.6 12.0 11.9 14.8 10.8 12.4 11.1 13.1 13.8 30.0 30.4 30.7 28.9 8.8 7.6 10.2 9.7 West ..................................................................... Mountain .............................................................. Pacific .................................................................. 902 202 700 100.0 100.0 100.0 51.0 48.0 51.9 15.1 17.8 14.4 10.8 12.9 10.1 29.9 33.2 29.1 8.3 6.4 8.9 Northeast .............................................................. New England ....................................................... Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 561 106 455 100.0 100.0 100.0 41.4 40.6 41.3 13.2 15.1 12.5 10.3 15.1 9.2 39.6 35.8 40.2 8.9 7.5 9.2 Midwest ................................................................ East North Central ............................................... West North Central .............................................. 569 416 153 100.0 100.0 100.0 36.6 37.7 33.3 13.5 13.5 13.7 13.0 12.3 15.0 43.6 42.5 46.4 6.9 7.5 5.2 South .................................................................... South Atlantic ...................................................... East South Central .............................................. West South Central ............................................. 1,069 507 187 375 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 36.3 38.3 38.0 32.8 8.9 9.1 9.6 8.3 14.2 15.6 13.4 12.8 39.7 37.1 40.6 42.7 9.7 9.1 8.0 11.5 West ..................................................................... Mountain .............................................................. Pacific .................................................................. 748 181 567 100.0 100.0 100.0 39.2 33.7 40.7 13.6 12.2 13.9 11.0 15.5 9.5 41.3 44.2 40.4 8.6 6.6 9.2 Northeast .............................................................. Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 195 152 100.0 100.0 17.4 16.4 6.7 7.2 5.1 3.9 45.1 46.1 32.3 32.9 Midwest ................................................................ East North Central ............................................... West North Central .............................................. 267 191 76 100.0 100.0 100.0 15.4 16.2 13.2 5.2 5.2 5.3 6.4 5.8 7.9 55.1 53.4 59.2 23.2 24.6 19.7 South .................................................................... South Atlantic ...................................................... East South Central .............................................. West South Central ............................................. 438 176 76 186 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 13.2 13.6 10.5 14.0 3.0 3.4 2.6 3.2 9.1 6.2 10.5 11.3 45.0 47.2 46.1 42.5 32.4 33.5 31.6 32.3 West ..................................................................... Mountain .............................................................. Pacific .................................................................. 307 91 215 100.0 100.0 100.0 16.0 16.5 15.3 6.8 6.6 7.0 6.2 9.9 4.7 47.2 52.7 45.6 30.6 20.9 34.4 Men Women Both sexes, 16 to 19 years See footnotes at end of table. 36 Table 10. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and reason for unemployment, 1998 annual averages — Continued Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs1 Total unemployed Population group and area Number (in thousands) Percent Total On temporary layoff Job leavers Reentrants New entrants White Northeast .............................................................. New England ....................................................... Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 887 218 669 100.0 100.0 100.0 52.2 54.6 51.4 18.3 19.7 17.9 10.9 11.9 10.6 29.7 27.5 30.3 7.2 5.5 7.6 Midwest ................................................................ East North Central ............................................... West North Central .............................................. 959 685 275 100.0 100.0 100.0 47.4 48.3 45.1 19.9 20.6 18.2 14.1 14.0 13.8 32.4 31.1 35.6 6.2 6.6 5.1 South .................................................................... South Atlantic ...................................................... East South Central .............................................. West South Central ............................................. 1,308 578 232 498 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 44.0 46.5 42.2 41.8 11.9 11.9 14.2 10.8 14.4 14.7 14.2 14.1 33.6 31.7 34.9 34.9 8.0 7.1 8.2 9.2 West ..................................................................... Mountain .............................................................. Pacific .................................................................. 1,335 345 990 100.0 100.0 100.0 46.9 42.0 48.6 15.6 15.7 15.6 11.1 13.9 10.0 34.2 37.7 32.9 7.9 6.4 8.5 Northeast .............................................................. Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 290 262 100.0 100.0 43.1 42.7 8.3 8.0 6.2 5.7 38.6 39.7 12.4 11.8 Midwest ................................................................ East North Central ............................................... 247 202 100.0 100.0 41.7 44.6 8.9 9.9 7.3 5.9 43.7 42.1 7.3 7.4 South .................................................................... South Atlantic ...................................................... East South Central .............................................. West South Central ............................................. 751 399 130 221 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 40.5 42.4 41.5 37.1 7.9 8.0 9.2 7.2 11.5 11.3 10.8 12.2 36.9 36.3 36.9 38.0 11.2 10.3 10.8 13.1 West ..................................................................... Pacific .................................................................. 141 125 100.0 100.0 39.0 40.0 7.8 7.2 7.8 6.4 44.0 44.0 9.2 9.6 Northeast .............................................................. Middle Atlantic ..................................................... 170 151 100.0 100.0 44.7 45.0 9.4 9.3 10.0 9.3 37.1 39.1 8.8 6.6 Midwest ................................................................ 65 100.0 43.1 18.5 10.8 35.4 9.2 South .................................................................... South Atlantic ...................................................... West South Central ............................................. 287 93 188 100.0 100.0 100.0 44.9 55.9 39.9 9.8 8.6 10.1 11.1 9.7 11.7 32.4 25.8 35.6 11.5 8.6 13.3 West ..................................................................... Mountain .............................................................. Pacific .................................................................. 507 104 402 100.0 100.0 100.0 47.3 41.3 49.0 17.8 18.3 17.7 7.7 11.5 6.7 33.3 38.5 32.1 11.6 8.7 12.4 Black Hispanic origin 1 Formerly called "job losers". NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals because of rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. 37 Table 11. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and duration of unemployment, 1998 annual averages Total unemployed Population group and area Number (in thousands) Percent 15 weeks and over Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 27 weeks and over Total 15 to 26 weeks Total 27 to 51 weeks 52 weeks and over TOTAL Northeast .................................................................. New England ........................................................... Middle Atlantic ......................................................... 1,215 250 965 100.0 100.0 100.0 35.6 38.4 34.7 31.9 35.2 31.1 32.4 26.0 34.2 14.0 13.2 14.3 18.4 12.8 19.9 7.2 7.2 7.3 11.3 5.6 12.6 Midwest .................................................................... East North Central ................................................... West North Central .................................................. 1,240 908 332 100.0 100.0 100.0 45.5 45.0 46.7 32.3 32.6 31.3 22.3 22.5 22.0 11.7 11.3 12.7 10.6 11.1 9.0 4.4 4.4 4.2 6.3 6.7 4.8 South ........................................................................ South Atlantic .......................................................... East South Central .................................................. West South Central ................................................. 2,113 1,004 364 745 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 43.7 42.6 43.1 45.4 31.8 31.0 31.9 32.8 24.5 26.3 25.0 21.9 11.6 12.4 12.1 10.5 12.9 14.0 12.9 11.4 6.3 7.3 6.0 5.2 6.6 6.7 7.1 6.2 West ......................................................................... Mountain .................................................................. Pacific ...................................................................... 1,650 383 1,267 100.0 100.0 100.0 42.7 50.4 40.4 29.9 28.7 30.2 27.3 20.9 29.4 12.3 9.9 12.9 15.0 10.7 16.3 6.3 4.4 6.9 8.7 6.3 9.5 Northeast .................................................................. New England ........................................................... Middle Atlantic ......................................................... 654 144 510 100.0 100.0 100.0 33.8 36.1 33.1 32.0 34.7 31.0 34.3 29.2 35.7 14.1 13.9 14.1 20.0 14.6 21.6 8.0 8.3 7.8 12.2 6.2 13.7 Midwest .................................................................... East North Central ................................................... West North Central .................................................. 671 492 179 100.0 100.0 100.0 45.5 44.9 46.9 32.5 33.1 30.7 22.1 22.0 21.8 10.7 10.4 11.7 11.2 11.6 10.1 4.3 3.9 5.0 7.0 7.7 5.0 South ........................................................................ South Atlantic .......................................................... East South Central .................................................. West South Central ................................................. 1,044 497 176 370 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 43.0 42.7 39.8 45.1 31.9 30.8 31.8 33.2 25.1 26.6 28.4 21.6 11.9 12.9 13.1 9.7 13.2 13.5 15.3 11.9 6.5 7.4 6.2 5.4 6.7 6.0 9.1 6.5 West ......................................................................... Mountain .................................................................. Pacific ...................................................................... 902 202 700 100.0 100.0 100.0 40.8 49.0 38.4 30.0 28.2 30.6 29.2 22.3 31.0 12.2 10.4 12.9 16.9 12.4 18.1 7.0 4.0 7.7 10.0 8.4 10.4 Northeast .................................................................. New England ........................................................... Middle Atlantic ......................................................... 561 106 455 100.0 100.0 100.0 37.6 42.5 36.5 32.1 35.8 31.2 30.5 21.7 32.5 13.9 11.3 14.5 16.6 10.4 18.0 6.4 5.7 6.6 10.2 4.7 11.4 Midwest .................................................................... East North Central ................................................... West North Central .................................................. 569 416 153 100.0 100.0 100.0 45.5 45.2 46.4 32.0 32.0 32.0 22.7 22.8 21.6 12.8 12.5 13.7 9.8 10.6 7.8 4.4 4.8 3.3 5.4 5.8 4.6 South ........................................................................ South Atlantic .......................................................... East South Central .................................................. West South Central ................................................. 1,069 507 187 375 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 44.3 42.6 46.5 45.6 31.7 31.2 32.1 32.3 23.9 26.2 21.9 22.1 11.4 11.6 10.7 11.2 12.5 14.4 11.2 10.9 6.2 7.1 5.3 5.1 6.5 7.3 5.3 5.6 West ......................................................................... Mountain .................................................................. Pacific ...................................................................... 748 181 567 100.0 100.0 100.0 45.1 51.9 42.9 29.7 29.3 29.8 25.3 18.8 27.2 12.3 9.9 13.2 12.8 8.8 14.1 5.5 5.0 5.8 7.4 3.9 8.3 Northeast .................................................................. Middle Atlantic ......................................................... 195 152 100.0 100.0 46.2 46.1 34.9 32.9 19.0 21.1 10.3 10.5 8.7 10.5 4.1 5.3 4.6 5.9 Midwest .................................................................... East North Central ................................................... West North Central .................................................. 267 191 76 100.0 100.0 100.0 53.9 53.9 55.3 33.0 33.0 32.9 13.1 13.1 11.8 7.5 7.9 6.6 5.6 5.8 5.3 1.9 1.6 2.6 3.7 3.7 2.6 South ........................................................................ South Atlantic .......................................................... East South Central .................................................. 438 176 76 100.0 100.0 100.0 50.2 51.1 46.1 34.7 31.8 35.5 15.1 17.0 19.7 7.5 8.0 9.2 7.5 9.1 9.2 4.1 5.1 5.3 3.4 4.0 3.9 Men Women Both sexes, 16 to 19 years See footnotes at end of table. 38 Table 11. Census regions and divisions: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and duration of unemployment, 1998 annual averages — Continued Total unemployed Population group and area Number (in thousands) Percent 15 weeks and over Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 27 weeks and over Total 15 to 26 weeks Total 27 to 51 weeks 52 weeks and over Both sexes, 16 to 19 years–Continued West South Central ................................................. 186 100.0 51.1 37.1 11.3 5.9 5.4 2.7 2.7 West ......................................................................... Mountain .................................................................. Pacific ...................................................................... 307 91 215 100.0 100.0 100.0 52.8 58.2 50.7 30.3 28.6 31.2 16.6 12.1 18.6 9.1 7.7 9.8 7.8 4.4 8.8 3.9 2.2 4.7 3.9 2.2 4.7 Northeast .................................................................. New England ........................................................... Middle Atlantic ......................................................... 887 218 669 100.0 100.0 100.0 38.6 39.4 38.3 31.9 34.9 30.9 29.5 25.7 30.8 13.9 12.8 14.1 15.7 12.4 16.7 7.0 6.9 7.0 8.7 5.5 9.7 Midwest .................................................................... East North Central ................................................... West North Central .................................................. 959 685 275 100.0 100.0 100.0 48.3 48.0 48.7 31.9 32.3 30.9 19.8 19.7 20.0 10.8 10.5 11.6 9.0 9.2 8.4 4.2 4.2 4.0 4.9 5.0 4.4 South ........................................................................ South Atlantic .......................................................... East South Central .................................................. West South Central ................................................. 1,308 578 232 498 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 47.9 47.8 46.1 48.8 31.0 29.1 31.5 32.9 21.1 23.2 22.0 18.1 10.7 11.4 11.2 9.6 10.4 11.9 10.8 8.4 4.9 5.5 4.7 4.2 5.5 6.4 6.0 4.2 West ......................................................................... Mountain .................................................................. Pacific ...................................................................... 1,335 345 990 100.0 100.0 100.0 44.3 51.0 42.0 30.1 29.0 30.5 25.5 20.0 27.5 12.0 9.6 12.8 13.6 10.1 14.7 5.6 4.3 6.1 7.9 5.8 8.6 Northeast .................................................................. Middle Atlantic ......................................................... 290 262 100.0 100.0 25.9 25.6 32.4 31.7 41.7 43.1 14.5 14.5 27.2 28.2 8.3 8.0 19.0 20.2 Midwest .................................................................... East North Central ................................................... 247 202 100.0 100.0 35.2 35.1 34.0 34.7 30.8 30.2 15.4 13.9 15.4 16.3 4.9 5.0 10.5 11.4 South ........................................................................ South Atlantic .......................................................... East South Central .................................................. West South Central ................................................. 751 399 130 221 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 36.1 35.3 37.7 37.1 33.2 33.6 32.3 33.0 30.6 31.1 30.8 30.3 13.2 14.0 13.1 11.8 17.4 17.3 16.9 18.1 8.9 10.0 7.7 7.7 8.5 7.3 9.2 10.4 West ......................................................................... Pacific ...................................................................... 141 125 100.0 100.0 31.9 30.4 27.7 28.0 40.4 41.6 13.5 13.6 27.0 28.0 12.1 13.6 14.2 15.2 Northeast .................................................................. Middle Atlantic ......................................................... 170 151 100.0 100.0 33.5 33.1 32.4 31.1 34.1 35.1 13.5 13.2 20.6 22.5 8.8 9.3 11.8 12.6 Midwest .................................................................... 65 100.0 47.7 35.4 16.9 7.7 9.2 4.6 4.6 South ........................................................................ South Atlantic .......................................................... West South Central ................................................. 287 93 188 100.0 100.0 100.0 45.6 41.9 47.9 32.8 31.2 33.0 21.6 25.8 19.1 10.8 12.9 9.6 10.8 12.9 9.6 5.6 6.5 5.3 5.2 6.5 4.3 West ......................................................................... Mountain .................................................................. Pacific ...................................................................... 507 104 402 100.0 100.0 100.0 42.8 48.1 41.5 29.4 28.8 29.6 27.8 24.0 29.1 13.4 11.5 13.9 14.4 12.5 14.9 6.7 4.8 7.2 7.5 7.7 7.7 White Black Hispanic origin NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals because of rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. 39 Section ll. Estimates for States 41 Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Civilian labor force Employment Unemployment Civilian noninstitutional population Number Percent of population Number Percent of population Number Rate Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 205,220 98,758 106,462 15,644 137,673 73,959 63,714 8,256 67.1 74.9 59.8 52.8 131,463 70,693 60,771 7,051 64.1 71.6 57.1 45.1 6,210 3,266 2,944 1,205 4.5 4.4 4.6 14.6 4.4 4.3 4.5 14.1 - 4.6 4.5 4.7 15.1 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 171,478 83,352 88,126 12,439 115,415 63,034 52,380 6,965 67.3 75.6 59.4 56.0 110,931 60,604 50,327 6,089 64.7 72.7 57.1 49.0 4,484 2,431 2,053 876 3.9 3.9 3.9 12.6 3.8 3.8 3.8 12.1 - 4.0 4.0 4.0 13.1 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 24,373 10,927 13,446 2,443 15,982 7,542 8,441 1,017 65.6 69.0 62.8 41.6 14,556 6,871 7,685 736 59.7 62.9 57.2 30.1 1,426 671 756 281 8.9 8.9 9.0 27.6 8.6 8.5 8.6 26.1 - 9.2 9.3 9.4 29.1 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 21,070 10,734 10,335 2,204 14,317 8,571 5,746 1,007 67.9 79.8 55.6 45.7 13,291 8,018 5,273 793 63.1 74.7 51.0 36.0 1,026 552 473 214 7.2 6.4 8.2 21.3 6.9 6.1 7.8 19.8 - 7.5 6.7 8.6 22.8 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 3,356 1,610 1,746 270 2,153 1,159 994 138 64.2 72.0 56.9 51.1 2,062 1,119 943 120 61.4 69.5 54.0 44.4 91 40 51 18 4.2 3.4 5.1 13.0 3.7 2.7 4.2 9.8 - 4.7 4.1 6.0 16.2 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 2,468 1,205 1,263 182 1,609 889 720 102 65.2 73.8 57.0 56.0 1,563 867 696 92 63.3 72.0 55.1 50.5 46 23 24 10 2.9 2.5 3.3 9.9 2.4 1.9 2.5 6.4 - 3.4 3.1 4.1 13.4 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 853 390 463 517 257 260 60.6 65.9 56.2 473 240 234 55.5 61.5 50.5 43 17 26 8.4 6.6 10.2 6.9 4.7 8.1 - 9.9 8.5 12.3 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 427 213 214 38 317 172 145 19 74.2 80.8 67.8 50.0 299 161 137 16 70.0 75.6 64.0 42.1 18 11 8 3 5.8 6.2 5.3 17.4 5.2 5.4 4.5 15.2 - 6.4 7.0 6.1 19.6 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 342 174 168 29 259 143 116 15 75.7 82.2 69.0 51.7 246 135 111 13 71.9 77.6 66.1 44.8 13 8 5 2 5.1 5.6 4.5 15.1 4.4 4.7 3.6 12.1 - 5.8 6.5 5.4 18.1 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 14 7 7 10 6 5 71.4 85.7 71.4 10 5 4 71.4 71.4 57.1 (2) (2) 1 6.7 5.8 7.7 4.3 (3) (3) - 9.1 (3) (3) Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... 11 5 7 5 63.6 100.0 7 4 63.6 80.0 (2) (2) 4.4 5.4 (3) (3) - (3) (3) Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 3,525 1,698 1,827 299 2,272 1,240 1,032 154 64.5 73.0 56.5 51.5 2,178 1,193 985 129 61.8 70.3 53.9 43.1 94 47 47 25 4.1 3.8 4.5 16.5 3.6 3.1 3.7 13.3 - 4.6 4.5 5.3 19.7 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 3,249 1,579 1,669 268 2,096 1,156 940 142 64.5 73.2 56.3 53.0 2,010 1,112 898 118 61.9 70.4 53.8 44.0 86 43 43 24 4.1 3.8 4.5 16.8 3.6 3.1 3.7 13.5 - 4.6 4.5 5.3 20.1 Area and population group Error range of rate1 UNITED STATES Alabama Alaska Arizona See footnotes at end of table. 44 Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Area and population group Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Number Percent of population Employment Number Percent of population Unemployment Number Rate Error range of rate1 Arizona–Continued Black .............................................................................. 121 80 66.1 75 62.0 5 6.1 3.2 - 9.0 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 876 443 433 576 341 234 65.8 77.0 54.0 535 320 214 61.1 72.2 49.4 41 21 20 7.1 6.1 8.5 5.4 4.1 5.8 - 8.8 8.1 11.2 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 1,941 926 1,015 144 1,215 638 578 74 62.6 68.9 56.9 51.4 1,148 603 546 60 59.1 65.1 53.8 41.7 67 35 32 14 5.5 5.5 5.6 19.2 4.9 4.6 4.7 15.0 - 6.1 6.4 6.5 23.4 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 1,594 765 829 105 1,011 538 473 58 63.4 70.3 57.1 55.2 972 518 454 51 61.0 67.7 54.8 48.6 39 20 19 7 3.8 3.7 4.0 11.7 3.2 2.9 3.1 7.8 - 4.4 4.5 4.9 15.6 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 321 151 170 186 91 94 57.9 60.3 55.3 158 77 81 49.2 51.0 47.6 28 15 13 14.9 15.9 13.9 12.3 12.4 10.3 - 17.5 19.4 17.5 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 24,559 12,115 12,444 1,897 16,329 9,100 7,229 859 66.5 75.1 58.1 45.3 15,361 8,565 6,796 700 62.5 70.7 54.6 36.9 969 535 433 159 5.9 5.9 6.0 18.5 5.6 5.5 5.6 16.7 - 6.2 6.3 6.4 20.3 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 19,671 9,810 9,862 1,500 13,144 7,470 5,674 737 66.8 76.1 57.5 49.1 12,394 7,051 5,343 607 63.0 71.9 54.2 40.5 750 419 332 129 5.7 5.6 5.8 17.6 5.4 5.2 5.4 15.7 - 6.0 6.0 6.2 19.5 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 1,666 783 883 1,099 536 563 66.0 68.5 63.8 987 483 504 59.2 61.7 57.1 112 53 59 10.2 9.9 10.4 9.0 8.1 8.8 - 11.4 11.7 12.0 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 6,569 3,392 3,177 730 4,515 2,739 1,776 323 68.7 80.7 55.9 44.2 4,130 2,521 1,609 246 62.9 74.3 50.6 33.7 385 218 166 77 8.5 8.0 9.4 23.8 7.9 7.3 8.5 20.7 - 9.1 8.7 10.3 26.9 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 3,016 1,489 1,527 205 2,246 1,206 1,040 132 74.5 81.0 68.1 64.4 2,159 1,161 998 110 71.6 78.0 65.4 53.7 86 45 42 21 3.8 3.7 4.0 16.1 3.3 3.1 3.3 13.3 - 4.3 4.3 4.7 18.9 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 2,813 1,393 1,421 184 2,109 1,133 976 121 75.0 81.3 68.7 65.8 2,031 1,094 937 102 72.2 78.5 65.9 55.4 78 39 39 19 3.7 3.5 4.0 15.8 3.2 2.8 3.3 12.9 - 4.2 4.2 4.7 18.7 Black .............................................................................. 87 62 71.3 57 65.5 5 7.3 4.1 - 10.5 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 407 222 185 296 183 113 72.7 82.4 61.1 281 176 105 69.0 79.3 56.8 15 8 8 5.2 4.1 6.9 3.8 2.5 4.4 - 6.6 5.7 9.4 2,530 1,224 1,306 1,709 906 803 67.5 74.0 61.5 1,652 872 780 65.3 71.2 59.7 57 35 23 3.4 3.8 2.8 2.9 3.0 2.1 - 3.9 4.6 3.5 Arkansas California Colorado Connecticut Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 45 Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Area and population group Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Number Percent of population Employment Number Percent of population Unemployment Number Rate Error range of rate1 Connecticut–Continued Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 168 88 52.4 78 46.4 10 11.4 7.7 - 15.1 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 2,226 1,088 1,138 136 1,497 803 694 75 67.3 73.8 61.0 55.1 1,452 775 677 67 65.2 71.2 59.5 49.3 45 29 16 7 3.0 3.6 2.3 10.0 2.5 2.8 1.6 5.9 - 3.5 4.4 3.0 14.1 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 268 117 151 186 86 100 69.4 73.5 66.2 174 80 93 64.9 68.4 61.6 12 6 6 6.7 7.2 6.3 4.6 3.9 3.4 - 8.8 10.5 9.2 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 201 97 103 140 71 69 69.7 73.2 67.0 132 66 66 65.7 68.0 64.1 8 5 2 5.6 7.6 3.5 3.4 3.8 .6 - 7.8 11.4 6.4 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 574 277 297 43 392 207 185 26 68.3 74.7 62.3 60.5 377 199 178 23 65.7 71.8 59.9 53.5 15 8 7 3 3.8 3.7 3.9 11.1 3.3 3.0 3.1 7.9 - 4.3 4.4 4.7 14.3 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 448 218 230 30 302 161 141 19 67.4 73.9 61.3 63.3 293 156 137 17 65.4 71.6 59.6 56.7 9 5 4 2 2.9 3.0 2.8 10.1 2.4 2.3 2.0 6.5 - 3.4 3.7 3.6 13.7 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 111 52 60 80 40 39 72.1 76.9 65.0 74 38 36 66.7 73.1 60.0 5 2 3 6.7 5.7 7.7 5.1 3.5 5.4 - 8.3 7.9 10.0 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 20 15 75.0 14 70.0 1 7.2 3.4 - 11.0 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 414 190 224 23 267 130 137 9 64.5 68.4 61.2 39.1 244 120 123 6 58.9 63.2 54.9 26.1 24 10 14 3 8.8 7.6 10.0 37.3 8.0 6.5 8.8 31.4 - 9.6 8.7 11.2 43.2 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 138 69 69 106 56 50 76.8 81.2 72.5 102 54 48 73.9 78.3 69.6 4 2 2 3.6 3.6 3.7 2.7 2.4 2.5 - 4.5 4.8 4.9 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 266 117 149 20 154 71 83 7 57.9 60.7 55.7 35.0 135 63 71 4 50.8 53.8 47.7 20.0 19 8 12 3 12.6 11.0 14.0 40.0 11.3 9.3 12.3 34.7 - 13.9 12.7 15.7 45.3 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 21 11 10 16 10 7 76.2 90.9 70.0 16 9 6 76.2 81.8 60.0 1 4.2 2.8 6.4 2.3 (3) (3) - 6.1 (3) (3) Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 11,610 5,496 6,114 745 7,228 3,858 3,370 387 62.3 70.2 55.1 51.9 6,918 3,703 3,215 342 59.6 67.4 52.6 45.9 310 155 155 45 4.3 4.0 4.6 11.7 4.0 3.6 4.2 10.0 - 4.6 4.4 5.0 13.4 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 9,834 4,688 5,146 580 5,985 3,254 2,730 324 60.9 69.4 53.1 55.9 5,763 3,140 2,622 290 58.6 67.0 51.0 50.0 222 114 108 34 3.7 3.5 4.0 10.6 3.4 3.1 3.6 8.8 - 4.0 3.9 4.4 12.4 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... 1,519 676 1,064 497 70.0 73.5 986 460 64.9 68.0 79 37 7.4 7.4 6.5 6.1 - 8.3 8.7 Delaware District of Columbia (2) (2) Florida See footnotes at end of table. 46 Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Area and population group Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Number Percent of population Employment Number Percent of population Unemployment Number Rate Error range of rate1 Florida–Continued Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 843 147 567 57 67.3 38.8 525 47 62.3 32.0 42 10 7.4 16.9 6.2 12.2 - 8.6 21.6 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 1,855 908 947 123 1,232 709 523 62 66.4 78.1 55.2 50.4 1,158 675 484 54 62.4 74.3 51.1 43.9 74 34 39 9 6.0 4.8 7.5 14.0 5.2 3.9 6.2 9.4 - 6.8 5.7 8.8 18.6 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 5,758 2,706 3,052 450 4,021 2,094 1,927 223 69.8 77.4 63.1 49.6 3,852 2,010 1,842 184 66.9 74.3 60.4 40.9 169 84 85 39 4.2 4.0 4.4 17.5 3.7 3.4 3.7 14.1 - 4.7 4.6 5.1 20.9 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 3,921 1,924 1,997 261 2,726 1,512 1,214 146 69.5 78.6 60.8 55.9 2,659 1,476 1,182 132 67.8 76.7 59.2 50.6 67 35 32 14 2.5 2.3 2.6 9.6 2.0 1.7 1.9 6.1 - 3.0 2.9 3.3 13.1 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 1,757 747 1,010 1,238 555 683 70.5 74.3 67.6 1,137 507 630 64.7 67.9 62.4 101 48 53 8.2 8.7 7.8 7.1 7.0 6.3 - 9.3 10.4 9.3 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 135 103 76.3 101 74.8 2 2.2 (3) - (3) Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 886 410 476 56 597 296 301 21 67.4 72.2 63.2 37.5 560 277 282 16 63.2 67.6 59.2 28.6 37 19 18 5 6.2 6.4 6.1 25.2 5.5 5.4 5.1 18.9 - 6.9 7.4 7.1 31.5 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 228 114 114 155 86 69 68.0 75.4 60.5 145 80 65 63.6 70.2 57.0 11 7 4 6.9 7.8 5.9 5.5 5.8 3.8 - 8.3 9.8 8.0 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 25 18 72.0 16 64.0 1 7.8 2.6 - 13.0 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 917 462 455 87 653 365 288 55 71.2 79.0 63.3 63.2 620 346 274 48 67.6 74.9 60.2 55.2 33 19 14 7 5.0 5.2 4.8 12.7 4.4 4.4 4.0 10.1 - 5.6 6.0 5.6 15.3 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 896 451 445 85 637 357 280 54 71.1 79.2 62.9 63.5 605 339 266 47 67.5 75.2 59.8 55.3 32 18 13 7 5.0 5.1 4.8 12.5 4.4 4.3 4.0 9.9 - 5.6 5.9 5.6 15.1 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 89 49 40 64 40 24 71.9 81.6 60.0 57 36 22 64.0 73.5 55.0 7 5 2 10.9 11.8 9.2 8.4 8.7 5.0 - 13.4 14.9 13.4 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 9,082 4,337 4,745 698 6,223 3,307 2,916 387 68.5 76.3 61.5 55.4 5,946 3,160 2,786 338 65.5 72.9 58.7 48.4 277 147 131 48 4.5 4.4 4.5 12.5 4.2 4.0 4.0 10.5 - 4.8 4.8 5.0 14.5 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 7,493 3,617 3,876 543 5,206 2,824 2,382 326 69.5 78.1 61.5 60.0 5,012 2,715 2,297 290 66.9 75.1 59.3 53.4 194 109 85 36 3.7 3.9 3.6 11.0 3.4 3.4 3.1 9.0 - 4.0 4.4 4.1 13.0 Georgia Hawaii Idaho Illinois See footnotes at end of table. 47 Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Area and population group Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Number Percent of population Employment Number Percent of population Unemployment Number Rate Error range of rate1 Illinois–Continued Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 1,274 566 707 794 358 436 62.3 63.3 61.7 720 326 393 56.5 57.6 55.6 75 32 43 9.4 8.9 9.8 8.2 7.1 8.2 - 10.6 10.7 11.4 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 785 432 354 562 368 194 71.6 85.2 54.8 529 343 185 67.4 79.4 52.3 34 25 9 6.0 6.7 4.6 4.8 5.2 2.9 - 7.2 8.2 6.3 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 4,481 2,128 2,353 347 3,088 1,642 1,447 201 68.9 77.2 61.5 57.9 2,993 1,592 1,400 185 66.8 74.8 59.5 53.3 96 49 46 16 3.1 3.0 3.2 8.2 2.6 2.4 2.5 5.5 - 3.6 3.6 3.9 10.9 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 4,110 1,964 2,146 305 2,848 1,532 1,316 187 69.3 78.0 61.3 61.3 2,765 1,489 1,277 172 67.3 75.8 59.5 56.4 83 44 39 15 2.9 2.8 3.0 8.0 2.4 2.2 2.3 5.3 - 3.4 3.4 3.7 10.7 Black .............................................................................. Women ......................................................................... 302 177 202 116 66.9 65.5 190 110 62.9 62.1 12 6 5.8 5.6 3.6 2.6 - 8.0 8.6 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 2,181 1,066 1,115 158 1,570 838 732 110 72.0 78.6 65.7 69.6 1,526 816 710 102 70.0 76.5 63.7 64.6 43 21 22 8 2.8 2.6 3.0 7.5 2.4 2.0 2.3 4.9 - 3.2 3.2 3.7 10.1 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 2,113 1,033 1,080 148 1,517 811 706 105 71.8 78.5 65.4 70.9 1,476 790 686 97 69.9 76.5 63.5 65.5 41 21 20 8 2.7 2.6 2.8 7.4 2.3 2.0 2.2 4.9 - 3.1 3.2 3.4 9.9 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 1,962 951 1,011 175 1,411 749 662 111 71.9 78.8 65.5 63.4 1,357 723 634 99 69.2 76.0 62.7 56.6 54 26 28 12 3.8 3.5 4.2 10.6 3.3 2.8 3.4 8.0 - 4.3 4.2 5.0 13.2 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 1,775 868 907 148 1,278 685 593 97 72.0 78.9 65.4 65.5 1,236 663 573 88 69.6 76.4 63.2 59.5 43 22 21 9 3.3 3.2 3.5 9.4 2.8 2.5 2.7 6.7 - 3.8 3.9 4.3 12.1 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 127 55 72 88 40 48 69.3 72.7 66.7 78 36 42 61.4 65.5 58.3 10 4 6 11.4 9.6 12.9 8.0 5.5 8.0 - 14.8 13.7 17.8 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... 83 51 61 44 73.5 86.3 58 42 69.9 82.4 3 2 4.7 3.8 2.2 1.3 - 7.2 6.3 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 3,020 1,434 1,586 225 1,924 1,031 893 119 63.7 71.9 56.3 52.9 1,835 986 849 99 60.8 68.8 53.5 44.0 89 45 43 20 4.6 4.4 4.9 16.7 4.0 3.6 4.1 13.8 - 5.2 5.2 5.7 19.6 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 2,800 1,338 1,462 193 1,789 967 822 109 63.9 72.3 56.2 56.5 1,711 926 785 92 61.1 69.2 53.7 47.7 78 41 37 17 4.4 4.2 4.5 15.2 3.8 3.4 3.7 12.2 - 5.0 5.0 5.3 18.2 Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky See footnotes at end of table. 48 Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Area and population group Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Number Percent of population Employment Number Percent of population Unemployment Number Rate Error range of rate1 Kentucky–Continued Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 195 89 106 117 58 59 60.0 65.2 55.7 106 54 53 54.4 60.7 50.0 11 4 6 9.2 7.4 10.9 6.2 3.5 6.2 - 12.2 11.3 15.6 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 3,274 1,574 1,700 304 2,063 1,100 963 132 63.0 69.9 56.6 43.4 1,945 1,042 903 100 59.4 66.2 53.1 32.9 118 58 59 32 5.7 5.3 6.2 24.0 5.1 4.5 5.3 20.6 - 6.3 6.1 7.1 27.4 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 2,230 1,111 1,120 181 1,419 792 626 89 63.6 71.3 55.9 49.2 1,364 763 601 72 61.2 68.7 53.7 39.8 54 29 25 17 3.8 3.7 4.0 19.6 3.2 2.9 3.1 15.3 - 4.4 4.5 4.9 23.9 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 977 431 546 115 599 281 318 41 61.3 65.2 58.2 35.7 536 253 283 27 54.9 58.7 51.8 23.5 63 29 34 14 10.5 10.2 10.7 33.8 9.1 8.2 8.8 29.2 - 11.9 12.2 12.6 38.4 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 70 48 68.6 47 67.1 1 2.0 (3) - (3) Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 980 479 501 67 651 343 308 38 66.4 71.6 61.5 56.7 622 328 294 33 63.5 68.5 58.7 49.3 29 15 14 5 4.4 4.4 4.4 13.7 3.8 3.6 3.6 9.9 - 5.0 5.2 5.2 17.5 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 969 475 494 67 644 341 303 38 66.5 71.8 61.3 56.7 616 326 290 32 63.6 68.6 58.7 47.8 28 15 13 5 4.4 4.4 4.3 13.7 3.8 3.6 3.4 9.9 - 5.0 5.2 5.2 17.5 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 3,941 1,898 2,043 255 2,756 1,448 1,308 133 69.9 76.3 64.0 52.2 2,631 1,380 1,250 113 66.8 72.7 61.2 44.3 125 68 57 20 4.6 4.7 4.4 15.0 4.0 3.9 3.6 11.0 - 5.2 5.5 5.2 19.0 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 2,773 1,342 1,431 163 1,917 1,034 883 90 69.1 77.0 61.7 55.2 1,854 1,006 849 80 66.9 75.0 59.3 49.1 62 28 34 9 3.3 2.7 3.9 10.4 2.7 2.0 3.0 5.9 - 3.9 3.4 4.8 14.9 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 1,000 479 521 730 354 375 73.0 73.9 72.0 670 316 354 67.0 66.0 67.9 60 38 22 8.2 10.8 5.8 6.8 8.6 4.2 - 9.6 13.0 7.4 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 161 125 77.6 116 72.0 8 6.7 3.6 - 9.8 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 4,750 2,309 2,441 305 3,273 1,727 1,547 173 68.9 74.8 63.4 56.7 3,164 1,661 1,504 158 66.6 71.9 61.6 51.8 109 66 43 15 3.3 3.8 2.8 8.8 3.0 3.3 2.3 6.6 - 3.6 4.3 3.3 11.0 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 4,402 2,134 2,268 279 3,053 1,608 1,446 162 69.4 75.4 63.8 58.1 2,958 1,550 1,408 149 67.2 72.6 62.1 53.4 96 58 38 13 3.1 3.6 2.6 8.1 2.8 3.1 2.1 5.9 - 3.4 4.1 3.1 10.3 Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts See footnotes at end of table. 49 Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Area and population group Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Number Percent of population Employment Number Percent of population Unemployment Number Rate Error range of rate1 Massachusetts–Continued Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 231 112 119 146 74 73 63.2 66.1 61.3 135 67 68 58.4 59.8 57.1 11 7 5 7.8 9.3 6.3 5.5 5.9 3.5 - 10.1 12.7 9.1 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 211 95 116 138 70 68 65.4 73.7 58.6 130 65 65 61.6 68.4 56.0 8 5 4 6.0 6.9 5.2 3.8 3.8 2.5 - 8.2 10.0 7.9 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 7,461 3,628 3,833 613 5,029 2,738 2,292 374 67.4 75.5 59.8 61.0 4,835 2,624 2,211 328 64.8 72.3 57.7 53.5 194 114 81 46 3.9 4.2 3.5 12.3 3.6 3.7 3.1 10.5 - 4.2 4.7 3.9 14.1 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 6,343 3,115 3,228 506 4,335 2,402 1,933 319 68.3 77.1 59.9 63.0 4,194 2,319 1,875 287 66.1 74.4 58.1 56.7 141 83 57 32 3.3 3.5 3.0 10.0 3.0 3.1 2.5 8.2 - 3.6 3.9 3.5 11.8 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 953 430 524 574 263 311 60.2 61.2 59.4 525 235 289 55.1 54.7 55.2 49 28 21 8.6 10.6 6.8 7.3 8.6 5.2 - 9.9 12.6 8.4 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 199 112 87 150 95 56 75.4 84.8 64.4 143 91 51 71.9 81.2 58.6 8 4 4 5.0 3.7 7.3 3.1 1.6 3.4 - 6.9 5.8 11.2 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 3,556 1,757 1,799 291 2,682 1,420 1,261 195 75.4 80.8 70.1 67.0 2,613 1,380 1,233 177 73.5 78.5 68.5 60.8 68 40 28 19 2.5 2.8 2.2 9.5 2.1 2.2 1.7 7.0 - 2.9 3.4 2.7 12.0 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 3,350 1,647 1,703 266 2,533 1,338 1,195 183 75.6 81.2 70.2 68.8 2,472 1,302 1,170 168 73.8 79.1 68.7 63.2 61 36 25 15 2.4 2.7 2.1 8.4 2.0 2.1 1.6 5.9 - 2.8 3.3 2.6 10.9 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 2,059 955 1,104 174 1,269 666 603 69 61.6 69.7 54.6 39.7 1,200 634 567 54 58.3 66.4 51.4 31.0 68 33 36 15 5.4 4.9 5.9 21.4 4.8 4.1 5.0 17.7 - 6.0 5.7 6.8 25.1 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 1,323 629 694 90 818 461 357 38 61.8 73.3 51.4 42.2 794 448 345 33 60.0 71.2 49.7 36.7 24 12 12 5 3.0 2.7 3.3 13.0 2.4 1.9 2.4 8.3 - 3.6 3.5 4.2 17.7 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 717 317 400 83 437 199 238 29 60.9 62.8 59.5 34.9 394 179 215 20 55.0 56.5 53.8 24.1 43 20 23 9 9.9 10.2 9.7 32.3 8.6 8.2 7.9 29.8 - 11.2 12.2 11.5 34.8 4,109 1,983 2,126 325 2,857 1,525 1,333 213 69.5 76.9 62.7 65.5 2,738 1,460 1,278 188 66.6 73.6 60.1 57.8 119 65 54 25 4.2 4.2 4.1 11.8 3.7 3.5 3.3 9.1 - 4.7 4.9 4.9 14.5 Michigan Minnesota Mississippi Missouri Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ See footnotes at end of table. 50 Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Area and population group Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employment Number Percent of population Number Percent of population Unemployment Number Rate Error range of rate1 Missouri–Continued White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 3,676 1,793 1,883 284 2,566 1,388 1,178 198 69.8 77.4 62.6 69.7 2,475 1,336 1,138 176 67.3 74.5 60.4 62.0 91 52 40 21 3.6 3.7 3.4 10.8 3.1 3.0 2.7 8.0 - 4.1 4.4 4.1 13.6 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 378 167 210 252 118 134 66.7 70.7 63.8 226 106 120 59.8 63.5 57.1 27 13 14 10.5 10.7 10.4 8.0 7.3 7.0 - 13.0 14.1 13.8 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 682 341 341 62 468 250 218 36 68.6 73.3 63.9 58.1 442 235 207 30 64.8 68.9 60.7 48.4 26 15 11 6 5.6 6.0 5.1 17.5 5.0 5.1 4.2 14.3 - 6.2 6.9 6.0 20.7 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 636 317 319 55 438 234 204 34 68.9 73.8 63.9 61.8 416 221 195 28 65.4 69.7 61.1 50.9 23 13 10 5 5.2 5.6 4.7 15.6 4.6 4.7 3.9 12.3 - 5.8 6.5 5.5 18.9 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 12 9 75.0 8 66.7 1 8.9 4.9 - 12.9 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 1,241 594 647 112 916 486 431 80 73.8 81.8 66.6 71.4 892 471 421 73 71.9 79.3 65.1 65.2 25 15 10 7 2.7 3.0 2.4 8.4 2.3 2.4 1.8 6.1 - 3.1 3.6 3.0 10.7 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 1,176 563 613 102 868 459 408 74 73.8 81.5 66.6 72.5 846 446 400 68 71.9 79.2 65.3 66.7 22 13 9 6 2.5 2.9 2.1 7.6 2.1 2.3 1.5 5.3 - 2.9 3.5 2.7 9.9 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 1,319 654 665 93 920 505 415 51 69.7 77.2 62.4 54.8 880 484 397 45 66.7 74.0 59.7 48.4 40 21 19 6 4.3 4.2 4.5 12.4 3.8 3.5 3.7 8.9 - 4.8 4.9 5.3 15.9 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 1,153 577 576 77 801 446 355 45 69.5 77.3 61.6 58.4 769 428 340 40 66.7 74.2 59.0 51.9 32 18 14 5 4.0 4.0 4.0 11.1 3.4 3.3 3.2 7.7 - 4.6 4.7 4.8 14.5 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 88 42 46 61 31 30 69.3 73.8 65.2 55 28 27 62.5 66.7 58.7 5 2 3 8.6 8.0 9.2 5.9 3.8 5.5 - 11.3 12.2 12.9 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 179 100 79 136 89 47 76.0 89.0 59.5 129 84 44 72.1 84.0 55.7 7 4 3 5.3 4.6 6.4 3.8 2.9 3.7 - 6.8 6.3 9.1 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 910 444 466 65 652 344 308 40 71.6 77.5 66.1 61.5 633 334 299 36 69.6 75.2 64.2 55.4 19 10 9 4 2.9 2.8 3.0 9.7 2.4 2.2 2.3 6.5 - 3.4 3.4 3.7 12.9 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 886 431 455 63 633 334 300 38 71.4 77.5 65.9 60.3 615 324 290 35 69.4 75.2 63.7 55.6 19 10 9 4 2.9 2.9 3.1 9.9 2.4 2.2 2.3 6.6 - 3.4 3.6 3.9 13.2 Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire See footnotes at end of table. 51 Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Area and population group Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employment Number Percent of population Number Percent of population Unemployment Number Rate Error range of rate1 New Jersey Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 6,248 2,958 3,290 464 4,155 2,209 1,946 214 66.5 74.7 59.1 46.1 3,963 2,106 1,857 181 63.4 71.2 56.4 39.0 192 103 89 32 4.6 4.6 4.6 15.2 4.2 4.1 4.1 12.7 - 5.0 5.1 5.1 17.7 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 5,009 2,380 2,628 347 3,323 1,792 1,530 163 66.3 75.3 58.2 47.0 3,190 1,720 1,470 143 63.7 72.3 55.9 41.2 133 72 61 20 4.0 4.0 4.0 12.5 3.6 3.5 3.5 9.8 - 4.4 4.5 4.5 15.2 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 939 425 514 93 619 288 331 41 65.9 67.8 64.4 44.1 566 260 305 29 60.3 61.2 59.3 31.2 53 27 26 12 8.6 9.5 7.9 29.1 7.4 7.7 6.3 22.6 - 9.8 11.3 9.5 35.6 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 676 321 356 469 254 216 69.4 79.1 60.7 437 235 202 64.6 73.2 56.7 32 18 14 6.8 7.3 6.3 5.6 5.5 4.6 - 8.0 9.1 8.0 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 1,295 632 663 113 831 449 382 51 64.2 71.0 57.6 45.1 780 420 360 41 60.2 66.5 54.3 36.3 51 29 23 10 6.2 6.4 5.9 20.4 5.5 5.5 5.0 16.7 - 6.9 7.3 6.8 24.1 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 1,136 556 580 98 733 401 332 47 64.5 72.1 57.2 48.0 688 376 312 37 60.6 67.6 53.8 37.8 45 25 20 9 6.2 6.2 6.1 20.1 5.5 5.3 5.1 16.2 - 6.9 7.1 7.1 24.0 Black .............................................................................. 21 16 76.2 15 71.4 1 4.4 1.3 - 7.5 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 498 247 251 57 318 180 138 27 63.9 72.9 55.0 47.4 290 163 127 21 58.2 66.0 50.6 36.8 28 17 11 6 8.8 9.4 8.1 22.3 7.5 7.7 6.3 17.0 - 10.1 11.1 9.9 27.6 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 14,037 6,641 7,396 1,043 8,870 4,741 4,130 423 63.2 71.4 55.8 40.6 8,372 4,483 3,889 345 59.6 67.5 52.6 33.1 498 257 241 78 5.6 5.4 5.8 18.5 5.3 5.0 5.4 16.7 - 5.9 5.8 6.2 20.3 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 11,031 5,278 5,754 769 7,004 3,808 3,196 333 63.5 72.1 55.5 43.3 6,684 3,640 3,044 281 60.6 69.0 52.9 36.5 320 167 153 52 4.6 4.4 4.8 15.7 4.3 4.0 4.4 13.7 - 4.9 4.8 5.2 17.7 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 2,237 983 1,255 226 1,363 640 723 78 60.9 65.1 57.6 34.5 1,207 564 643 54 54.0 57.4 51.2 23.9 156 76 80 24 11.4 11.9 11.1 30.5 10.5 10.6 9.9 27.0 - 12.3 13.2 12.3 34.0 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 2,037 971 1,066 193 1,209 701 508 59 59.4 72.2 47.7 30.6 1,101 651 450 46 54.1 67.0 42.2 23.8 108 50 58 12 8.9 7.1 11.4 21.1 8.0 6.1 9.9 15.9 - 9.8 8.1 12.9 26.3 5,680 2,735 2,945 407 3,794 2,031 1,763 199 66.8 74.3 59.9 48.9 3,663 1,968 1,695 180 64.5 72.0 57.6 44.2 131 63 68 19 3.5 3.1 3.9 9.6 3.1 2.6 3.3 7.2 - 3.9 3.6 4.5 12.0 New Mexico New York North Carolina Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ See footnotes at end of table. 52 Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Area and population group Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employment Number Percent of population Number Percent of population Unemployment Number Rate Error range of rate1 North Carolina–Continued White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 4,302 2,103 2,199 293 2,859 1,566 1,292 153 66.5 74.5 58.8 52.2 2,789 1,532 1,257 144 64.8 72.8 57.2 49.1 70 34 36 10 2.5 2.2 2.8 6.4 2.1 1.7 2.2 4.1 - 2.9 2.7 3.4 8.7 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 1,202 549 653 814 400 413 67.7 72.9 63.2 757 374 383 63.0 68.1 58.7 56 26 30 6.9 6.5 7.3 5.9 5.0 5.9 - 7.9 8.0 8.7 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... 145 91 111 83 76.6 91.2 108 81 74.5 89.0 3 1 2.9 1.8 1.1 (3) - 4.7 (3) Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 480 233 247 43 347 180 167 28 72.3 77.3 67.6 65.1 336 175 161 26 70.0 75.1 65.2 60.5 11 6 5 2 3.2 3.2 3.2 7.2 2.7 2.6 2.5 5.0 - 3.7 3.8 3.9 9.4 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 456 222 234 40 333 173 159 26 73.0 77.9 67.9 65.0 324 169 156 25 71.1 76.1 66.7 62.5 9 5 4 2 2.6 2.8 2.4 6.3 2.2 2.2 1.8 4.4 - 3.0 3.4 3.0 8.2 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 8,561 4,081 4,480 637 5,678 3,001 2,677 367 66.3 73.5 59.8 57.6 5,437 2,868 2,569 315 63.5 70.3 57.3 49.5 242 133 108 52 4.3 4.4 4.0 14.2 4.0 3.9 3.5 12.4 - 4.6 4.9 4.5 16.0 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 7,515 3,605 3,910 534 4,996 2,669 2,326 321 66.5 74.0 59.5 60.1 4,808 2,563 2,245 281 64.0 71.1 57.4 52.6 188 106 82 41 3.8 4.0 3.5 12.7 3.5 3.5 3.0 10.8 - 4.1 4.5 4.0 14.6 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 917 405 512 588 273 315 64.1 67.4 61.5 539 249 290 58.8 61.5 56.6 49 24 25 8.3 8.9 7.8 7.0 7.0 6.1 - 9.6 10.8 9.5 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... 105 69 77 52 73.3 75.4 72 48 68.6 69.6 6 4 7.2 8.2 3.9 3.6 - 10.5 12.8 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 2,521 1,208 1,313 206 1,627 874 753 102 64.5 72.4 57.3 49.5 1,554 838 716 88 61.6 69.4 54.5 42.7 74 37 37 13 4.5 4.2 4.9 13.1 3.9 3.5 4.0 9.6 - 5.1 4.9 5.8 16.6 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 2,106 1,015 1,091 168 1,366 743 623 85 64.9 73.2 57.1 50.6 1,317 717 600 75 62.5 70.6 55.0 44.6 49 26 23 10 3.6 3.5 3.6 11.2 3.0 2.8 2.8 7.8 - 4.2 4.2 4.4 14.6 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 217 96 120 140 67 73 64.5 69.8 60.8 126 60 66 58.1 62.5 55.0 14 6 7 9.7 9.4 10.0 7.3 5.5 6.6 - 12.1 13.3 13.4 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 75 51 68.0 48 64.0 3 5.0 2.0 - 8.0 North Dakota Ohio Oklahoma See footnotes at end of table. 53 Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Area and population group Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employment Number Percent of population Number Percent of population Unemployment Number Rate Error range of rate1 Oregon Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 2,550 1,269 1,281 199 1,762 972 790 117 69.1 76.6 61.7 58.8 1,664 917 747 99 65.3 72.3 58.3 49.7 98 55 43 18 5.6 5.7 5.5 15.8 5.0 4.9 4.6 12.2 - 6.2 6.5 6.4 19.4 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 2,360 1,172 1,188 177 1,629 895 733 105 69.0 76.4 61.7 59.3 1,539 846 693 88 65.2 72.2 58.3 49.7 90 50 40 17 5.5 5.6 5.5 16.1 4.9 4.7 4.5 12.4 - 6.1 6.5 6.5 19.8 Black .............................................................................. 43 35 81.4 33 76.7 2 6.6 1.8 - 11.4 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 170 103 67 135 91 44 79.4 88.3 65.7 125 85 39 73.5 82.5 58.2 10 6 4 7.6 6.5 9.9 4.3 2.8 3.3 - 10.9 10.2 16.5 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 9,274 4,324 4,950 647 5,936 3,146 2,790 338 64.0 72.8 56.4 52.2 5,661 2,996 2,665 297 61.0 69.3 53.8 45.9 275 150 125 41 4.6 4.8 4.5 12.2 4.3 4.3 4.0 10.1 - 4.9 5.3 5.0 14.3 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 8,255 3,882 4,373 557 5,335 2,866 2,469 305 64.6 73.8 56.5 54.8 5,119 2,741 2,378 272 62.0 70.6 54.4 48.8 216 125 91 32 4.1 4.4 3.7 10.6 3.8 3.9 3.2 8.5 - 4.4 4.9 4.2 12.7 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 816 347 469 473 212 262 58.0 61.1 55.9 420 189 232 51.5 54.5 49.5 53 23 30 11.1 10.7 11.5 9.5 8.2 9.3 - 12.7 13.2 13.7 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 204 96 108 127 68 58 62.3 70.8 53.7 116 62 54 56.9 64.6 50.0 11 6 5 8.6 9.2 7.8 5.8 5.1 4.0 - 11.4 13.3 11.6 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 751 354 397 48 498 259 239 30 66.3 73.2 60.2 62.5 474 246 227 24 63.1 69.5 57.2 50.0 24 13 12 6 4.9 4.9 4.9 20.8 4.3 4.0 4.0 16.4 - 5.5 5.8 5.8 25.2 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 701 330 370 42 462 241 221 27 65.9 73.0 59.7 64.3 442 230 212 22 63.1 69.7 57.3 52.4 20 11 9 5 4.3 4.4 4.2 17.0 3.7 3.5 3.3 12.9 - 4.9 5.3 5.1 21.1 Black .............................................................................. Women ......................................................................... 34 19 25 13 73.5 68.4 22 11 64.7 57.9 4 2 14.2 17.9 10.3 10.9 - 18.1 24.9 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 41 19 22 30 16 14 73.2 84.2 63.6 27 15 12 65.9 78.9 54.5 3 1 2 10.0 8.8 11.5 6.5 3.4 6.8 - 13.5 14.2 16.2 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 2,942 1,352 1,590 223 1,959 1,003 955 111 66.6 74.2 60.1 49.8 1,884 969 915 97 64.0 71.7 57.5 43.5 75 34 40 14 3.8 3.4 4.2 12.7 3.3 2.7 3.4 9.1 - 4.3 4.1 5.0 16.3 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 2,142 1,013 1,130 144 1,440 761 680 77 67.2 75.1 60.2 53.5 1,408 746 662 71 65.7 73.6 58.6 49.3 32 15 18 6 2.3 2.0 2.6 7.3 1.8 1.4 1.9 3.9 - 2.8 2.6 3.3 10.7 Pennsylvania Rhode Island South Carolina See footnotes at end of table. 54 Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Area and population group Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Number Percent of population Employment Number Percent of population Unemployment Number Rate Error range of rate1 South Carolina–Continued Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 777 332 445 505 238 268 65.0 71.7 60.2 464 219 246 59.7 66.0 55.3 41 19 22 8.2 8.1 8.3 6.8 6.0 6.4 - 9.6 10.2 10.2 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 547 271 276 56 398 210 188 37 72.8 77.5 68.1 66.1 386 204 182 34 70.6 75.3 65.9 60.7 11 6 6 3 2.9 2.7 3.0 8.4 2.5 2.1 2.4 6.2 - 3.3 3.3 3.6 10.6 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 511 255 256 51 374 198 176 35 73.2 77.6 68.8 68.6 366 194 171 32 71.6 76.1 66.8 62.7 9 4 4 3 2.3 2.1 2.5 8.0 1.9 1.6 1.9 5.9 - 2.7 2.6 3.1 10.1 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 4,212 1,997 2,215 311 2,760 1,447 1,312 169 65.5 72.5 59.2 54.3 2,644 1,389 1,255 145 62.8 69.6 56.7 46.6 116 58 57 24 4.2 4.0 4.4 14.0 3.7 3.3 3.6 10.7 - 4.7 4.7 5.2 17.3 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 3,513 1,685 1,828 239 2,260 1,218 1,041 135 64.3 72.3 56.9 56.5 2,177 1,174 1,002 118 62.0 69.7 54.8 49.4 83 44 39 17 3.7 3.6 3.8 12.5 3.1 2.9 3.0 8.9 - 4.3 4.3 4.6 16.1 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 671 300 371 479 217 262 71.4 72.3 70.6 446 202 244 66.5 67.3 65.8 33 14 18 6.8 6.6 6.9 5.3 4.3 4.8 - 8.3 8.9 9.0 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 14,611 7,101 7,510 1,266 10,118 5,598 4,520 641 69.2 78.8 60.2 50.6 9,631 5,358 4,274 514 65.9 75.5 56.9 40.6 487 240 247 127 4.8 4.3 5.5 19.8 4.5 3.9 5.0 18.2 - 5.1 4.7 6.0 21.4 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 12,374 6,065 6,310 1,029 8,550 4,811 3,740 533 69.1 79.3 59.3 51.8 8,194 4,628 3,567 441 66.2 76.3 56.5 42.9 356 183 173 92 4.2 3.8 4.6 17.2 3.9 3.4 4.1 15.5 - 4.5 4.2 5.1 18.9 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 1,746 784 962 201 1,215 580 636 95 69.6 74.0 66.1 47.3 1,098 527 571 63 62.9 67.2 59.4 31.3 117 52 65 32 9.6 9.0 10.2 34.0 8.6 7.5 8.8 (3) - 10.6 10.5 11.6 (3) Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 4,279 2,132 2,146 494 2,880 1,710 1,170 243 67.3 80.2 54.5 49.2 2,695 1,621 1,074 190 63.0 76.0 50.0 38.5 185 88 96 53 6.4 5.2 8.2 21.9 5.8 4.5 7.2 19.9 - 7.0 5.9 9.2 23.9 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 1,477 712 765 170 1,063 579 484 114 72.0 81.3 63.3 67.1 1,023 560 463 102 69.3 78.7 60.5 60.0 40 19 21 11 3.8 3.3 4.4 9.7 3.3 2.7 3.6 7.6 - 4.3 3.9 5.2 11.8 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 1,419 684 735 164 1,020 555 465 111 71.9 81.1 63.3 67.7 983 537 446 100 69.3 78.5 60.7 61.0 37 18 19 11 3.6 3.2 4.2 9.6 3.1 2.6 3.4 7.5 - 4.1 3.8 5.0 11.7 South Dakota Tennessee Texas Utah See footnotes at end of table. 55 Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Area and population group Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Number Percent of population Employment Number Percent of population Unemployment Number Rate Error range of rate1 Utah–Continued Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... 87 47 66 39 75.9 83.0 62 37 71.3 78.7 4 3 6.0 6.5 3.7 3.7 - 8.3 9.3 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 461 222 239 32 330 172 158 20 71.6 77.5 66.1 62.5 319 167 153 18 69.2 75.2 64.0 56.2 11 6 6 2 3.4 3.3 3.5 11.1 2.9 2.6 2.8 7.5 - 3.9 4.0 4.2 14.7 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 452 217 235 31 324 169 156 20 71.7 77.9 66.4 64.5 314 163 150 18 69.5 75.1 63.8 58.1 11 5 5 2 3.2 3.1 3.4 10.6 2.7 2.4 2.6 7.2 - 3.7 3.8 4.2 14.0 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 5,159 2,479 2,680 353 3,488 1,876 1,612 184 67.6 75.7 60.1 52.1 3,386 1,834 1,553 161 65.6 74.0 57.9 45.6 102 42 59 23 2.9 2.3 3.7 12.4 2.5 1.8 3.0 9.5 - 3.3 2.8 4.4 15.3 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 3,953 1,938 2,016 247 2,680 1,475 1,205 132 67.8 76.1 59.8 53.4 2,618 1,447 1,172 120 66.2 74.7 58.1 48.6 62 28 34 12 2.3 1.9 2.8 8.8 1.9 1.4 2.1 5.6 - 2.7 2.4 3.5 12.0 Black .............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... 1,027 456 571 676 330 346 65.8 72.4 60.6 642 319 323 62.5 70.0 56.6 34 10 23 5.0 3.1 6.8 3.9 1.7 5.0 - 6.1 4.5 8.6 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 4,325 2,124 2,201 308 3,039 1,662 1,377 181 70.3 78.2 62.6 58.8 2,895 1,582 1,313 152 66.9 74.5 59.7 49.4 145 80 65 29 4.8 4.8 4.7 16.0 4.2 4.0 3.8 12.2 - 5.4 5.6 5.6 19.8 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 3,931 1,931 2,000 281 2,760 1,509 1,251 169 70.2 78.1 62.6 60.1 2,635 1,438 1,197 146 67.0 74.5 59.8 52.0 125 71 54 24 4.5 4.7 4.3 14.0 3.9 3.9 3.4 10.2 - 5.1 5.5 5.2 17.8 Black .............................................................................. 107 82 76.6 73 68.2 9 11.0 6.4 - 15.6 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... 171 94 133 86 77.8 91.5 127 82 74.3 87.2 6 4 4.4 4.3 1.5 .9 - 7.3 7.7 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 1,452 687 765 105 800 434 366 46 55.1 63.2 47.8 43.8 747 401 346 37 51.4 58.4 45.2 35.2 53 33 20 9 6.6 7.6 5.5 20.4 5.9 6.7 4.6 17.0 - 7.3 8.5 6.4 23.8 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 1,403 666 737 100 771 420 351 44 55.0 63.1 47.6 44.0 722 389 333 36 51.5 58.4 45.2 36.0 50 31 19 8 6.4 7.4 5.3 18.7 5.7 6.5 4.4 15.3 - 7.1 8.3 6.2 22.1 Black .............................................................................. Women ......................................................................... 40 22 23 13 57.5 59.1 20 11 50.0 50.0 3 1 14.1 10.9 9.0 3.4 - 19.2 18.4 3,968 2,952 74.4 2,853 71.9 99 3.4 2.9 - 3.9 Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia Wisconsin Total ................................................................................ See footnotes at end of table. 56 Table 12. States: Employment status of the civilian noninstitutional population by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Area and population group Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employment Number Percent of population Number Percent of population Unemployment Number Rate Error range of rate1 Wisconsin–Continued Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 1,953 2,015 292 1,561 1,391 216 79.9 69.0 74.0 1,511 1,341 188 77.4 66.6 64.4 49 50 28 3.2 3.6 13.0 2.6 2.9 10.2 - 3.8 4.3 15.8 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 3,690 1,835 1,855 260 2,762 1,474 1,288 197 74.9 80.3 69.4 75.8 2,683 1,434 1,249 176 72.7 78.1 67.3 67.7 79 40 39 21 2.9 2.7 3.0 10.8 2.4 2.1 2.3 8.0 - 3.4 3.3 3.7 13.6 Black .............................................................................. 177 117 66.1 100 56.5 17 14.7 11.1 - 18.3 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 367 182 185 39 258 141 117 24 70.3 77.5 63.2 61.5 246 134 111 20 67.0 73.6 60.0 51.3 12 7 6 3 4.8 4.8 4.7 14.7 4.2 4.0 3.9 11.5 - 5.4 5.6 5.5 17.9 White ............................................................................. Men ............................................................................... Women ......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 354 176 179 38 250 137 113 23 70.6 77.8 63.1 60.5 238 130 108 20 67.2 73.9 60.3 52.6 12 7 5 3 4.8 4.8 4.8 14.7 4.2 4.0 3.9 11.6 - 5.4 5.6 5.7 17.8 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Men ............................................................................... 16 9 12 8 75.0 88.9 11 7 68.8 77.8 1 1 10.0 11.7 6.2 7.5 - 13.8 15.9 Wyoming 1 Error ranges are calculated at the 90-percent confidence interval, which means that if repeated samples were drawn from the same population and an error range constructed around each sample estimate, in 9 out of 10 cases the true value based on a complete census of the population would be contained within these error ranges. 2 Less than 500 persons. 3 Error ranges cannot be properly computed when the number of sample cases is very small and/or the unemployment rate is low. NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals because of rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Data in tables 1-22 incorporate updated 1990 census-based population controls. 57 Table 13. States: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages (In thousands) Employed1 Population group and State Total 35 hours or more Unemployed Full-time workers Part-time workers At work At work2 1 to 34 hours Economic reasons Noneconomic reasons Not at work Total Part time for economic reasons Part time for noneconomic reasons Not at work Looking for Looking for full-time part-time work work TOTAL Alabama ....................................... 1,713 Alaska ........................................... 244 Arizona ......................................... 1,802 Arkansas ....................................... 962 California ...................................... 12,467 Colorado ....................................... 1,776 Connecticut ................................... 1,337 Delaware ...................................... 313 District of Columbia ...................... 213 Florida ........................................... 5,863 1,437 197 1,548 817 10,590 1,496 1,129 266 180 5,092 24 5 19 21 201 22 7 3 2 68 192 27 182 93 1,215 198 142 32 24 495 59 16 52 30 461 60 59 11 7 207 349 54 377 187 2,894 383 315 65 31 1,055 35 10 41 18 444 26 37 8 6 125 294 40 310 157 2,274 330 259 53 22 854 20 5 25 12 175 27 19 4 2 76 75 15 70 57 777 60 (3) 12 21 257 16 3 25 10 192 26 (3) 3 2 53 Georgia ......................................... Hawaii ........................................... Idaho ............................................. Illinois ............................................ Indiana .......................................... Iowa .............................................. Kansas .......................................... Kentucky ....................................... Louisiana ...................................... Maine ............................................ 3,295 450 488 4,886 2,455 1,225 1,088 1,541 1,650 492 2,829 371 409 4,152 2,087 1,039 918 1,294 1,391 403 42 8 11 45 23 15 13 20 27 10 312 52 50 500 254 129 122 162 165 60 113 19 18 188 91 41 35 65 66 20 557 110 132 1,060 538 302 268 295 295 130 47 23 15 94 36 20 20 34 43 16 472 78 108 892 468 264 233 236 232 106 37 9 8 74 34 18 15 25 20 8 134 32 25 226 (3) (3) 42 71 98 21 35 5 8 52 (3) (3) 12 18 20 8 Maryland ....................................... Massachusetts .............................. Michigan ....................................... Minnesota ..................................... Mississippi .................................... Missouri ........................................ Montana ........................................ Nebraska ...................................... Nevada ......................................... New Hampshire ............................ 2,272 2,517 3,882 2,035 1,042 2,277 335 712 750 507 1,906 2,101 3,332 1,709 893 1,904 276 609 656 427 20 19 49 23 17 27 7 8 10 4 264 293 346 237 91 267 37 75 58 57 82 103 155 64 41 78 14 20 26 19 359 648 953 579 159 462 107 180 130 126 39 46 93 39 22 38 16 11 16 9 292 560 799 502 128 396 83 159 106 109 28 41 61 38 8 28 7 10 8 8 98 86 143 (3) 57 100 19 (3) 31 (3) 28 23 51 (3) 11 19 7 (3) 8 (3) New Jersey ................................... New Mexico .................................. New York ...................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................. Oklahoma ..................................... Oregon .......................................... Pennsylvania ................................ Rhode Island ................................ 3,303 621 6,853 3,150 265 4,406 1,285 1,313 4,551 381 2,807 527 5,817 2,707 223 3,761 1,087 1,092 3,861 305 24 9 55 45 5 45 15 23 43 4 344 64 679 299 28 411 138 145 474 53 128 21 302 99 9 190 45 53 173 19 661 159 1,519 513 71 1,031 269 350 1,111 93 66 23 211 46 8 83 26 46 125 10 553 125 1,202 433 59 880 223 280 923 76 42 11 106 35 5 68 20 25 62 7 150 42 397 108 9 181 60 78 210 18 42 9 101 23 2 60 14 21 65 6 South Carolina .............................. South Dakota ................................ Tennessee .................................... Texas ............................................ Utah .............................................. Vermont ........................................ Virginia .......................................... Washington ................................... West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin ..................................... Wyoming ....................................... 1,591 304 2,224 8,200 791 246 2,858 2,318 610 2,269 193 1,392 256 1,880 7,030 662 204 2,409 1,908 503 1,923 164 23 3 28 112 9 3 28 41 8 28 3 118 32 229 784 91 28 311 274 67 229 18 57 13 87 274 28 11 110 96 32 90 8 294 83 420 1,431 232 74 528 577 137 583 53 25 5 38 161 12 8 49 58 22 45 6 251 72 353 1,178 206 61 446 473 105 501 43 18 6 29 92 14 5 33 46 10 37 3 64 (3) 96 383 29 (3) 3 ( ) 113 42 73 9 10 (3) 19 104 11 (3) 3 ( ) 32 11 26 3 See footnotes at end of table. 58 Table 13. States: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (In thousands) Employed1 Population group and State Total 35 hours or more Unemployed Full-time workers Part-time workers At work At work2 1 to 34 hours Economic reasons Noneconomic reasons Not at work Total Part time for economic reasons Part time for noneconomic reasons Not at work Looking for Looking for full-time part-time work work Men Alabama ....................................... Alaska ........................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ....................................... California ...................................... Colorado ....................................... Connecticut ................................... Delaware ...................................... District of Columbia ...................... Florida ........................................... 998 144 1,075 540 7,512 1,036 776 178 108 3,319 868 118 951 471 6,527 893 676 156 94 2,957 12 3 11 11 133 12 3 2 1 41 87 14 90 42 625 98 66 15 10 224 31 9 23 16 227 34 30 6 3 97 121 18 118 63 1,053 126 96 22 12 384 13 4 19 8 208 10 17 3 2 53 103 12 94 51 791 106 74 17 9 301 5 1 6 4 53 9 5 1 1 30 (3) (3) 29 452 (3) (3) (3) 9 130 (3) Georgia ......................................... Hawaii ........................................... Idaho ............................................. Illinois ............................................ Indiana .......................................... Iowa .............................................. Kansas .......................................... Kentucky ....................................... Louisiana ...................................... Maine ............................................ 1,850 242 306 2,816 1,432 718 635 891 947 287 1,629 203 262 2,452 1,259 627 550 777 820 242 29 5 7 29 13 9 7 11 15 6 144 26 27 241 115 63 61 76 78 28 49 9 11 95 46 19 17 28 35 11 160 35 40 344 160 98 88 95 94 41 17 9 6 42 13 9 8 16 15 6 135 22 32 281 136 83 75 71 73 33 8 3 2 21 11 6 4 8 6 2 69 18 16 127 (3) (3) (3) 37 48 (3) 14 2 3 19 (3) (3) (3) 9 10 (3) Maryland ....................................... Massachusetts .............................. Michigan ....................................... Minnesota ..................................... Mississippi .................................... Missouri ........................................ Montana ........................................ Nebraska ...................................... Nevada ......................................... New Hampshire ............................ 1,258 1,483 2,347 1,205 576 1,276 200 414 436 301 1,082 1,283 2,066 1,042 505 1,098 170 364 390 260 12 12 27 15 10 14 4 4 6 2 126 137 172 115 44 132 18 37 28 28 37 50 81 32 17 32 8 9 12 11 123 178 277 175 57 184 35 57 48 33 12 22 34 16 9 23 7 4 6 3 102 146 227 150 46 155 27 50 40 28 8 10 16 9 2 7 2 3 3 2 57 55 92 (3) 28 (3) 12 (3) 3 ( ) (3) 11 11 21 (3) 5 (3) 3 (3) 3 ( ) (3) New Jersey ................................... New Mexico .................................. New York ...................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................. Oklahoma ..................................... Oregon .......................................... Pennsylvania ................................ Rhode Island ................................ 1,905 368 4,009 1,789 154 2,560 745 807 2,683 219 1,671 319 3,501 1,569 134 2,245 644 689 2,330 183 15 5 33 27 3 28 9 15 27 3 159 33 329 150 13 201 70 74 241 24 61 10 147 43 4 86 21 30 84 9 201 52 474 179 21 308 93 109 314 27 28 11 90 19 3 37 12 23 46 5 162 37 361 151 17 256 74 80 252 21 11 4 24 9 1 15 7 6 15 2 84 25 213 (3) 3 ( ) 109 (3) 46 123 11 19 4 44 3 ( ) (3) 25 (3) 9 27 2 South Carolina .............................. South Dakota ................................ Tennessee .................................... Texas ............................................ Utah .............................................. Vermont ........................................ Virginia .......................................... Washington ................................... West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin ..................................... Wyoming ....................................... 877 178 1,258 4,876 485 147 1,666 1,407 358 1,341 117 785 154 1,087 4,292 417 124 1,440 1,181 305 1,172 103 13 2 17 68 5 2 14 27 5 14 2 55 15 113 388 48 14 159 141 33 110 8 24 7 41 128 15 7 53 57 15 45 4 92 26 131 481 75 20 168 175 43 171 17 9 2 13 68 4 2 20 22 10 19 3 77 23 113 388 66 16 140 143 30 142 14 6 2 5 25 4 1 7 10 3 9 1 (3) (3) (3) 196 (3) 3 ( ) (3) 65 28 3 ( ) 6 (3) (3) (3) 44 (3) 3 ( ) (3) 15 5 3 ( ) 1 See footnotes at end of table. 59 (3) 9 1 5 83 (3) (3) (3) 1 25 Table 13. States: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (In thousands) Employed1 Population group and State Total 35 hours or more Unemployed Full-time workers Part-time workers At work At work2 1 to 34 hours Economic reasons Noneconomic reasons Not at work Total Part time for economic reasons Part time for noneconomic reasons Not at work Looking for Looking for full-time part-time work work Women Alabama ....................................... Alaska ........................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ....................................... California ...................................... Colorado ....................................... Connecticut ................................... Delaware ...................................... District of Columbia ...................... Florida ........................................... 715 101 727 422 4,955 741 561 135 105 2,543 570 79 598 346 4,063 604 453 110 86 2,135 12 2 8 10 68 11 4 1 1 28 105 14 92 51 590 100 76 18 14 271 28 7 29 14 234 26 29 6 4 110 228 37 258 124 1,841 257 219 43 19 672 23 6 22 11 236 16 20 4 4 72 191 28 217 106 1,483 224 185 36 13 553 15 3 19 7 122 17 14 3 1 46 Georgia ......................................... Hawaii ........................................... Idaho ............................................. Illinois ............................................ Indiana .......................................... Iowa .............................................. Kansas .......................................... Kentucky ....................................... Louisiana ...................................... Maine ............................................ 1,445 207 182 2,069 1,022 506 453 649 703 205 1,200 168 147 1,701 828 412 368 517 571 161 13 3 5 15 10 6 6 9 13 4 168 26 24 260 139 67 61 86 87 32 64 10 7 94 45 22 18 37 31 9 397 75 92 716 378 204 181 200 201 88 30 13 9 51 23 11 11 18 28 10 337 56 76 611 332 181 158 165 159 73 Maryland ....................................... Massachusetts .............................. Michigan ....................................... Minnesota ..................................... Mississippi .................................... Missouri ........................................ Montana ........................................ Nebraska ...................................... Nevada ......................................... New Hampshire ............................ 1,014 1,034 1,535 830 465 1,001 135 298 314 206 824 817 1,265 667 388 807 105 245 267 167 7 7 22 8 7 13 3 4 4 2 138 156 174 122 47 135 20 38 30 28 44 53 74 33 24 46 7 11 14 9 236 470 676 403 102 278 72 123 82 93 27 25 59 23 14 15 10 7 10 6 New Jersey ................................... New Mexico .................................. New York ...................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................. Oklahoma ..................................... Oregon .......................................... Pennsylvania ................................ Rhode Island ................................ 1,397 253 2,845 1,361 111 1,846 540 506 1,868 162 1,137 208 2,317 1,138 89 1,515 442 403 1,531 122 9 3 22 18 2 17 6 8 15 1 184 31 350 149 16 210 68 71 233 29 67 11 155 56 5 104 24 24 88 10 460 106 1,044 334 50 723 176 241 797 65 South Carolina .............................. South Dakota ................................ Tennessee .................................... Texas ............................................ Utah .............................................. Vermont ........................................ Virginia .......................................... Washington ................................... West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin ..................................... Wyoming ....................................... 714 125 966 3,324 306 99 1,192 911 252 929 76 607 101 793 2,738 245 79 969 727 198 751 61 10 1 11 44 4 1 15 13 3 14 1 63 17 116 396 43 14 152 133 34 119 9 33 6 46 146 13 5 56 39 17 44 4 201 56 289 950 157 54 361 401 94 413 36 See footnotes at end of table. 60 (3) (3) 6 2 (3) 27 325 (3) (3) (3) 12 127 (3) 30 6 6 54 23 12 11 17 14 6 64 14 9 98 (3) (3) (3) 34 50 (3) 21 4 5 32 (3) (3) (3) 9 9 (3) 190 414 572 352 82 242 56 109 67 81 20 31 46 28 6 21 5 7 6 6 (3) (3) 51 (3) 29 (3) 7 (3) 3 ( ) (3) (3) (3) 29 (3) 6 (3) 4 (3) 3 ( ) (3) 38 12 121 27 5 46 14 23 79 5 391 88 842 282 42 624 148 199 671 55 31 7 82 26 3 53 14 19 47 5 67 18 184 55 3 ( ) 73 (3) 32 87 3 ( ) 23 5 57 13 (3) 35 (3) 11 38 3 ( ) 15 3 24 93 8 5 29 35 12 26 4 174 49 241 790 140 45 306 330 75 359 29 12 4 24 67 10 4 26 35 7 28 2 (3) (3) (3) 187 (3) 3 ( ) (3) (3) 14 (3) 4 (3) (3) (3) 60 (3) 3 ( ) (3) (3) 6 (3) 2 5 108 (3) (3) (3) 1 28 Table 13. States: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (In thousands) Employed1 Population group and State Total 35 hours or more Unemployed Full-time workers Part-time workers At work At work2 Not at work Total 6 1 6 3 21 6 2 2 (4) 13 1 (4) 2 1 3 1 (4) (4) (4) 5 82 9 75 37 465 70 61 13 4 208 4 2 3 2 44 4 5 2 1 17 75 7 69 33 408 63 54 11 3 180 3 1 2 2 13 3 2 1 (4) 10 4 123 13 33 237 124 72 63 62 59 24 6 2 3 11 6 4 4 6 6 2 111 10 28 216 114 65 56 53 51 21 1 to 34 hours Economic reasons Noneconomic reasons Part time for economic reasons Part time for noneconomic reasons Not at work Looking for Looking for full-time part-time work work Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Alabama ....................................... Alaska ........................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ....................................... California ...................................... Colorado ....................................... Connecticut ................................... Delaware ...................................... District of Columbia ...................... Florida ........................................... 38 6 54 23 235 41 17 11 2 135 30 5 45 19 204 32 14 9 2 113 Georgia ......................................... Hawaii ........................................... Idaho ............................................. Illinois ............................................ Indiana .......................................... Iowa .............................................. Kansas .......................................... Kentucky ....................................... Louisiana ...................................... Maine ............................................ 61 3 15 101 61 30 36 37 42 9 53 2 13 85 49 23 28 32 31 8 Maryland ....................................... Massachusetts .............................. Michigan ....................................... Minnesota ..................................... Mississippi .................................... Missouri ........................................ Montana ........................................ Nebraska ...................................... Nevada ......................................... New Hampshire ............................ 45 39 100 45 22 66 10 22 20 9 38 32 84 38 18 53 8 19 16 7 New Jersey ................................... New Mexico .................................. New York ...................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................. Oklahoma ..................................... Oregon .......................................... Pennsylvania ................................ Rhode Island ................................ 55 14 95 67 8 85 34 36 84 6 44 11 79 56 6 67 27 29 71 5 South Carolina .............................. South Dakota ................................ Tennessee .................................... Texas ............................................ Utah .............................................. Vermont ........................................ Virginia .......................................... Washington ................................... West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin ..................................... Wyoming ....................................... 29 14 56 187 36 5 47 53 10 58 7 25 10 48 154 28 4 37 41 9 49 5 (4) (4) (4) 1 1 1 7 1 1 3 (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) 2 (3) (3) (3) (3) 74 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 86 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 6 1 1 10 4 2 3 4 2 1 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 1 3 2 1 2 1 2 1 11 9 6 6 4 6 1 2 (4) (4) 3 2 1 1 1 2 (4) 1 5 6 12 5 3 11 1 2 3 1 1 1 2 (4) (4) 1 (4) 4 ( ) (4) (4) 68 119 228 132 32 122 20 51 25 27 5 6 10 4 2 6 2 2 3 2 58 108 208 122 28 112 17 47 22 25 4 5 11 5 1 4 1 2 1 1 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 8 2 8 8 1 12 5 4 9 1 2 (4) 5 1 4 ( ) 3 1 1 2 4 ( ) 126 27 250 114 18 230 55 62 213 18 7 3 14 7 1 9 2 7 14 2 115 22 225 102 16 211 49 53 189 15 4 2 11 5 1 10 3 3 11 1 (3) (3) 35 (3) 3 ( ) 21 (3) 3 ( ) (3) (3) (3) (3) 44 (3) 3 ( ) 31 (3) 3 ( ) (3) (3) 2 2 7 22 6 1 6 8 1 5 1 (4) 2 1 3 1 4 ( ) 3 3 4 ( ) 2 (4) 69 20 89 327 66 13 114 99 26 130 13 3 1 6 20 3 1 7 8 3 7 1 60 18 79 294 60 11 104 87 22 117 12 5 1 4 13 2 1 3 4 1 7 4 ( ) (3) (3) (3) 65 (3) 3 ( ) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 62 (3) 3 ( ) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 3 1 2 2 1 1 8 1 2 2 2 (4) See footnotes at end of table. 61 Table 13. States: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (In thousands) Employed1 Population group and State Total 35 hours or more Unemployed Full-time workers Part-time workers At work At work2 1 to 34 hours Economic reasons Noneconomic reasons Not at work Total Part time for economic reasons Part time for noneconomic reasons Not at work Looking for Looking for full-time part-time work work White Alabama ....................................... Alaska ........................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ....................................... California ...................................... Colorado ....................................... Connecticut ................................... Delaware ...................................... District of Columbia ...................... Florida ........................................... 1,297 203 1,659 810 9,989 1,668 1,170 241 90 4,873 1,102 165 1,426 692 8,474 1,403 994 205 76 4,223 16 3 18 16 173 21 6 2 1 57 138 22 167 77 967 188 119 25 10 415 40 13 48 25 375 56 52 8 3 178 266 43 350 162 2,405 363 282 52 12 890 17 6 39 12 366 23 27 5 1 89 233 33 288 139 1,891 314 237 44 10 733 17 4 24 10 148 25 18 4 1 67 (3) 11 63 33 598 55 (3) (3) 3 182 (3) Georgia ......................................... Hawaii ........................................... Idaho ............................................. Illinois ............................................ Indiana .......................................... Iowa .............................................. Kansas .......................................... Kentucky ....................................... Louisiana ...................................... Maine ............................................ 2,245 112 476 4,096 2,264 1,188 993 1,439 1,146 488 1,926 93 398 3,464 1,930 1,008 836 1,208 964 399 27 1 11 38 22 14 12 19 17 10 210 13 50 433 230 126 112 151 121 59 81 5 18 161 82 40 33 61 44 20 413 33 129 916 502 289 243 272 218 128 28 6 15 64 31 19 17 30 23 15 358 23 106 786 438 253 212 219 180 105 28 4 8 66 33 17 14 23 16 8 (3) (3) 24 155 (3) (3) 32 62 44 20 (3) (3) Maryland ....................................... Massachusetts .............................. Michigan ....................................... Minnesota ..................................... Mississippi .................................... Missouri ........................................ Montana ........................................ Nebraska ...................................... Nevada ......................................... New Hampshire ............................ 1,572 2,339 3,356 1,923 693 2,050 314 675 654 492 1,332 1,950 2,884 1,618 600 1,711 259 577 572 413 13 18 40 21 10 24 7 8 9 4 173 278 299 223 58 242 35 71 50 56 53 95 133 61 25 74 14 19 23 19 282 618 838 549 100 424 101 171 115 123 25 42 71 35 8 31 14 10 12 9 237 538 715 478 87 368 80 151 96 106 21 39 52 36 6 26 7 10 7 8 (3) 74 103 (3) (3) 76 16 3 ( ) 25 (3) (3) 21 38 (3) (3) 15 6 3 ( ) 7 (3) New Jersey ................................... New Mexico .................................. New York ...................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................. Oklahoma ..................................... Oregon .......................................... Pennsylvania ................................ Rhode Island ................................ 2,634 546 5,412 2,386 255 3,880 1,092 1,214 4,101 356 2,236 462 4,565 2,060 216 3,319 922 1,010 3,477 285 21 8 47 29 4 37 13 21 39 4 275 57 549 221 27 358 120 132 429 50 102 19 251 76 8 167 38 50 156 18 556 142 1,272 403 69 927 225 324 1,018 86 44 20 144 27 7 70 18 42 104 9 475 111 1,033 346 57 794 191 259 857 71 37 11 95 30 5 64 16 23 57 7 100 37 247 54 (3) 140 38 71 161 15 33 8 73 16 (3) 48 10 19 56 5 South Carolina .............................. South Dakota ................................ Tennessee .................................... Texas ............................................ Utah .............................................. Vermont ........................................ Virginia .......................................... Washington ................................... West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin ..................................... Wyoming ....................................... 1,189 287 1,816 6,960 757 241 2,202 2,094 591 2,131 187 1,048 243 1,534 5,964 633 200 1,854 1,721 488 1,809 159 14 3 23 96 9 3 20 38 8 27 3 85 30 186 667 88 27 244 247 65 210 17 42 11 73 232 27 11 84 88 31 85 8 218 79 361 1,234 225 72 417 541 131 552 51 12 4 29 129 11 8 28 55 21 42 6 193 69 305 1,025 200 60 361 442 100 476 42 14 6 27 80 14 5 28 45 10 35 3 (3) (3) 70 280 27 (3) 3 ( ) 96 40 3 ( ) 9 (3) (3) 14 76 11 3 ( ) (3) 30 10 3 ( ) 3 See footnotes at end of table. 62 2 23 6 152 23 (3) (3) 1 40 8 40 (3) (3) 11 16 10 8 Table 13. States: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (In thousands) Employed1 Population group and State Total 35 hours or more Unemployed Full-time workers Part-time workers At work At work2 Total 18 1 2 6 35 1 6 3 3 28 79 2 10 22 141 11 29 11 18 144 18 (4) 1 6 27 1 10 3 5 31 57 1 9 15 107 9 18 7 12 105 3 (4) (4) 1 7 1 1 (4) 1 7 (3) (3) (3) 23 97 (3) (3) (3) 18 68 (3) (3) (3) 5 9 1 1 1 1 10 50 1 7 15 98 4 21 7 14 69 Economic reasons Noneconomic reasons Part time for economic reasons Part time for noneconomic reasons Not at work Looking for Looking for full-time part-time work work Not at work 1 to 34 hours Black Alabama ....................................... Alaska ........................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ....................................... California ...................................... Colorado ....................................... Connecticut ................................... Delaware ...................................... District of Columbia ...................... Florida ........................................... 395 8 65 136 846 47 145 64 117 842 320 6 57 110 704 41 117 53 99 734 Georgia ......................................... Hawaii ........................................... Illinois ............................................ Indiana .......................................... Iowa .............................................. Kansas .......................................... Kentucky ....................................... Louisiana ...................................... 999 6 604 157 14 63 86 465 856 6 525 127 11 54 73 391 14 (4) 6 1 1 1 1 10 99 (4) 52 23 2 7 9 42 30 (4) 21 7 1 2 3 22 138 2 115 33 7 15 20 71 19 (4) 27 4 1 2 3 20 110 2 81 27 5 12 15 47 9 (4) 7 2 (4) 1 2 4 83 (3) 64 (3) (3) (3) (3) 54 18 (3) 11 (3) (3) (3) (3) 9 Maryland ....................................... Massachusetts .............................. Michigan ....................................... Minnesota ..................................... Mississippi .................................... Missouri ........................................ Nebraska ...................................... Nevada ......................................... New Hampshire ............................ 605 116 427 50 339 192 23 49 4 487 98 360 39 285 165 19 43 3 6 1 8 1 7 3 85 11 40 7 32 20 3 4 1 27 6 19 2 16 4 1 1 (4) 65 18 98 15 55 34 3 7 2 13 2 19 3 14 6 (4) 2 (4) 46 15 72 11 38 26 2 5 2 6 1 7 1 3 2 (4) (4) (4) (3) (3) (3) (3) 36 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) New Jersey ................................... New Mexico .................................. New York ...................................... North Carolina .............................. Ohio .............................................. Oklahoma ..................................... Oregon .......................................... Pennsylvania ................................ Rhode Island ................................ 487 12 1,019 662 452 102 25 350 16 408 11 878 563 377 86 18 292 13 3 54 1 97 66 48 10 6 41 3 21 1 37 20 20 4 1 14 1 79 3 189 95 87 24 8 70 6 21 1 55 18 12 5 1 20 1 55 2 125 75 71 17 6 46 5 3 (4) 9 3 4 2 1 4 4 ( ) 46 (3) 132 (3) 3 ( ) (3) (3) 44 (3) 7 (3) 24 (3) 3 ( ) (3) (3) 8 (3) South Carolina .............................. South Dakota ................................ Tennessee .................................... Texas ............................................ Utah .............................................. Virginia .......................................... Washington ................................... West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin ..................................... Wyoming ....................................... 393 1 388 945 5 552 63 15 86 2 336 1 327 798 4 464 54 11 70 2 33 (4) 43 99 1 58 7 3 13 4 ( ) 15 (4) 14 36 4 ( ) 22 2 1 4 4 ( ) 71 0 58 153 2 90 10 5 14 0 13 (4) 9 31 4 ( ) 20 (4) 4 ( ) 2 (4) 55 (4) 47 113 2 66 10 4 10 4 ( ) 4 (4) 2 9 4 ( ) 4 (4) 4 ( ) 2 (4) (3) (3) (3) 91 (3) 3 ( ) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 26 (3) 3 ( ) (3) (3) (3) (3) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) 7 7 13 8 2 4 ( ) 3 (4) (4) 9 5 12 (4) (4) (4) (4) 8 1 See footnotes at end of table. 63 4 15 (3) (3) (3) 1 11 (3) (3) (3) (3) 7 Table 13. States: Employed and unemployed persons by full- and part-time status, sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (In thousands) Employed1 Population group and State Total 35 hours or more Unemployed Full-time workers Part-time workers At work At work2 Economic reasons Total 1 (4) 42 1 294 31 10 1 1 81 1 (4) 9 (4) 110 8 3 1 (4) 32 3 2 70 1 693 41 26 2 2 147 1 (4) 15 (4) 196 7 8 (4) (4) 26 2 1 52 1 469 33 17 1 2 113 (4) (4) 4 (4) 28 2 (4) (4) (4) 8 (3) (3) (3) (3) 314 (3) (3) (3) (3) 66 (3) (3) (3) (3) 71 (3) (3) (3) (3) 7 7 1 3 40 3 3 7 (4) 4 3 (4) 2 14 2 1 2 (4) 1 17 4 8 55 10 5 9 2 6 2 2 3 9 2 1 1 14 2 5 43 7 4 8 1 4 1 (4) (4) 3 1 (4) (4) (4) 1 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 12 11 9 3 1 4 (4) 2 7 4 ( ) 1 4 3 1 1 1 (4) (4) 3 (4) 16 22 22 7 1 3 2 5 15 1 12 16 17 5 1 2 2 3 10 1 1 1 1 (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) 1 (4) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) Noneconomic reasons Part time for economic reasons Part time for noneconomic reasons Not at work Looking for Looking for full-time part-time work work Not at work 1 to 34 hours Hispanic origin (4) (4) Alabama ....................................... Alaska ........................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ....................................... California ...................................... Colorado ....................................... Connecticut ................................... Delaware ...................................... District of Columbia ...................... Florida ........................................... 17 6 464 16 3,437 240 106 12 13 1,011 15 5 407 15 2,951 197 92 10 12 884 Georgia ......................................... Hawaii ........................................... Idaho ............................................. Illinois ............................................ Indiana .......................................... Iowa .............................................. Kansas .......................................... Kentucky ....................................... Louisiana ...................................... 83 12 50 474 53 29 48 14 41 73 10 41 414 47 24 39 13 35 Maryland ....................................... Massachusetts .............................. Michigan ....................................... Minnesota ..................................... Mississippi .................................... Missouri ........................................ Montana ........................................ Nebraska ...................................... Nevada ......................................... New Hampshire ............................ 100 107 121 50 13 31 6 25 114 7 85 91 107 46 10 26 6 22 101 6 New Jersey ................................... New Mexico .................................. New York ...................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................. Oklahoma ..................................... Oregon .......................................... Pennsylvania ................................ Rhode Island ................................ 379 225 945 99 1 64 41 99 101 24 329 189 822 85 1 53 35 84 82 20 3 4 12 3 (4) 4 ( ) 1 4 2 4 ( ) 38 24 80 8 4 ( ) 6 5 8 14 3 10 8 32 2 (4) 4 1 3 3 1 58 64 156 9 1 8 7 26 15 2 10 13 36 3 4 ( ) 1 1 8 5 1 43 47 112 5 1 6 6 17 9 2 4 4 8 1 4 ( ) (4) (4) 1 (4) 4 ( ) (3) 24 94 3 ( ) 3 ( ) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) South Carolina .............................. South Dakota ................................ Tennessee .................................... Texas ............................................ Utah .............................................. Vermont ........................................ Virginia .......................................... Washington ................................... Wisconsin ..................................... Wyoming ....................................... 12 4 17 2,300 55 1 89 114 42 9 12 3 14 1,966 46 1 73 92 35 7 (4) (4) (4) 48 2 4 ( ) 1 4 1 4 ( ) (4) (4) (4) 1 78 1 (4) 4 3 2 1 2 1 2 396 7 1 16 13 7 2 (4) (4) (4) 66 1 4 ( ) 3 4 4 ( ) 4 ( ) 2 1 2 310 5 1 14 8 6 1 (4) (4) (4) 20 (4) 4 ( ) (4) 1 (4) 4 ( ) (3) (3) (3) 146 (3) 3 ( ) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 39 (3) 3 ( ) (3) (3) (3) (3) 6 (4) 82 4 1 (4) (4) 14 (4) (4) (4) 1 3 7 1 1 1 (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) 2 1 2 1 2 1 2 208 5 (4) 12 15 3 1 1 Employed persons are classified as full- or part-time workers based on their usual weekly hours at all jobs regardless of the number of hours they are at work during the reference week. Persons absent from work are classified according to their usual status. 2 Includes some persons at work 35 hours or more classified by their reason for working part time. 3 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS (4) 1 (4) (4) (4) 3 5 3 2 1 1 4 ( ( ( ( ( ( ( 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 4 14 ) ) ) ) ) ) ) publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample in that area. See appendix B. 4 Less than 500 persons NOTE: Items may not add to totals because of rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. 64 Table 14. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1998 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Managerial and professional specialty Employment status and State Total Technical, sales, and administrative support Executive, TechniProfesadministracians and sional tive, and related specialty managerial support Sales Administrative support, including clerical Operators, fabricators, and laborers Service occupations Precision Machine production, operators, Transporcraft, and assem- tation and repair blers, material and moving inspectors Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Farming, forestry, and fishing CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Alabama ................................. 2,144 Alaska ..................................... 316 Arizona ................................... 2,266 Arkansas ................................. 1,208 California ................................ 16,232 Colorado ................................. 2,241 Connecticut ............................. 1,703 Delaware ................................ 392 District of Columbia ................ 265 Florida ..................................... 7,207 261 49 322 131 2,438 388 285 60 52 1,033 270 48 321 141 2,527 406 290 59 65 975 68 11 76 36 510 82 2 ( ) 14 12 240 311 39 298 137 1,963 296 204 39 22 1,021 290 44 328 154 2,201 293 249 64 40 1,059 239 44 341 182 2,241 262 221 57 46 1,114 272 36 255 136 1,662 251 188 43 9 784 189 7 90 114 859 61 93 19 2 ( ) 232 94 16 72 63 560 69 2 ( ) 16 8 279 94 13 83 68 661 89 2 ( ) 14 7 284 55 10 80 47 606 (2) 2 ( ) (2) (2) 185 Georgia ................................... Hawaii ..................................... Idaho ....................................... Illinois ...................................... Indiana .................................... Iowa ........................................ Kansas .................................... Kentucky ................................. Louisiana ................................ Maine ...................................... 4,002 593 651 6,206 3,084 1,568 1,409 1,916 2,044 649 606 73 74 920 403 174 192 252 254 82 506 76 83 910 369 206 203 271 278 91 114 15 19 184 (2) 2 ( ) 45 56 65 2 ( ) 470 81 69 792 339 195 166 219 236 79 544 96 79 901 442 206 195 259 295 88 487 117 94 832 381 218 188 264 313 85 460 54 79 617 364 179 154 230 226 87 337 16 42 410 326 100 89 136 107 46 215 17 34 265 145 71 53 95 124 28 177 21 35 267 165 68 60 84 95 23 86 28 43 107 (2) 92 63 50 51 26 Maryland ................................. Massachusetts ........................ Michigan ................................. Minnesota ............................... Mississippi .............................. Missouri .................................. Montana .................................. Nebraska ................................ Nevada ................................... New Hampshire ...................... 2,748 3,267 5,014 2,679 1,260 2,849 466 915 918 652 488 521 648 433 133 392 58 104 129 99 548 582 695 430 187 430 65 118 98 108 110 99 156 2 ( ) 37 85 11 (2) 22 (2) 295 371 572 294 134 358 54 113 119 78 395 462 658 346 156 429 60 134 119 88 357 471 688 350 178 318 76 124 211 80 272 349 619 286 156 322 50 82 108 72 79 159 451 154 117 172 13 51 25 47 79 97 205 2 ( ) 68 129 22 37 40 2 ( ) 82 112 218 (2) 51 120 20 36 33 2 ( ) (2) (2) 102 108 42 90 37 83 2 ( ) 2 ( ) New Jersey ............................. New Mexico ............................ New York ................................ North Carolina ........................ North Dakota .......................... Ohio ........................................ Oklahoma ............................... Oregon .................................... Pennsylvania .......................... Rhode Island .......................... 4,136 826 8,828 3,786 346 5,658 1,623 1,758 5,909 496 656 111 1,248 484 39 766 205 241 798 67 668 130 1,410 501 42 784 230 249 891 77 144 30 269 127 (2) 190 50 38 195 19 530 92 1,092 471 42 653 185 216 680 63 645 103 1,345 457 44 750 234 234 864 67 557 126 1,480 446 54 810 223 260 831 72 376 102 806 499 33 625 189 186 624 52 202 28 415 372 13 440 104 115 382 41 163 39 334 159 16 271 74 72 248 15 152 33 313 162 12 251 72 67 269 18 44 31 115 108 41 118 58 81 125 2 ( ) South Carolina ........................ 1,953 South Dakota .......................... 397 Tennessee .............................. 2,752 Texas ...................................... 10,069 Utah ........................................ 1,060 Vermont .................................. 330 Virginia .................................... 3,476 Washington ............................. 3,031 West Virginia .......................... 793 Wisconsin ............................... 2,946 Wyoming ................................. 257 222 44 390 1,363 140 44 562 471 84 401 31 262 50 319 1,455 165 53 609 489 111 406 31 63 (2) 98 315 33 (2) 112 115 30 (2) 6 240 48 322 1,229 146 39 408 358 103 307 27 234 48 391 1,418 165 47 472 375 110 429 32 266 65 344 1,424 123 42 447 392 118 380 40 254 42 330 1,190 118 41 394 304 95 355 35 202 26 228 491 58 19 171 140 41 252 8 87 (2) 133 445 35 14 121 140 51 129 18 84 15 128 425 52 2 ( ) 122 131 35 135 10 (2) 36 69 314 (2) 12 (2) 115 14 (2) 19 See footnotes at end of table. 65 Table 14. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Managerial and professional specialty Employment status and State Total Technical, sales, and administrative support Executive, TechniProfesadministracians and sional tive, and related specialty managerial support Sales Administrative support, including clerical Operators, fabricators, and laborers Service occupations Precision Machine production, operators, Transporcraft, and assem- tation and repair blers, material and moving inspectors Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Farming, forestry, and fishing EMPLOYED Alabama ................................. 2,062 Alaska ..................................... 299 Arizona ................................... 2,178 Arkansas ................................. 1,148 California ................................ 15,361 Colorado ................................. 2,159 Connecticut ............................. 1,652 Delaware ................................ 377 District of Columbia ................ 244 Florida ..................................... 6,918 259 48 316 129 2,388 380 281 59 50 1,011 268 47 315 139 2,459 395 288 58 63 961 66 11 75 36 493 81 2 ( ) 13 11 232 296 37 284 131 1,850 284 199 37 19 978 282 42 315 148 2,099 281 243 62 37 1,025 224 40 323 168 2,074 244 208 55 40 1,051 261 34 247 130 1,560 244 183 41 8 753 174 6 85 105 785 57 90 18 2 ( ) 215 90 14 69 59 524 66 2 ( ) 15 7 263 88 11 76 60 588 86 2 ( ) 13 5 256 53 8 73 44 542 2 ( ) (2) (2) (2) 172 Georgia ................................... Hawaii ..................................... Idaho ....................................... Illinois ...................................... Indiana .................................... Iowa ........................................ Kansas .................................... Kentucky ................................. Louisiana ................................ Maine ...................................... 3,852 560 620 5,946 2,993 1,526 1,357 1,835 1,945 622 595 72 73 899 398 171 189 249 249 80 495 74 81 895 367 203 199 265 272 89 112 14 18 182 (2) 2 ( ) 44 55 65 2 ( ) 452 77 66 751 325 188 161 210 223 75 531 90 75 871 434 202 188 251 287 85 454 110 89 776 361 209 177 246 288 81 448 48 75 595 354 176 149 215 215 84 321 15 39 385 314 96 83 131 99 43 202 15 32 254 139 69 52 91 119 27 165 19 32 238 153 65 55 76 83 21 77 25 40 100 (2) 90 61 46 46 25 Maryland ................................. Massachusetts ........................ Michigan ................................. Minnesota ............................... Mississippi .............................. Missouri .................................. Montana .................................. Nebraska ................................ Nevada ................................... New Hampshire ...................... 2,631 3,164 4,835 2,613 1,200 2,738 442 892 880 633 482 512 638 429 131 386 58 104 127 98 537 572 688 425 186 425 63 116 96 106 107 97 154 2 ( ) 37 84 11 (2) 22 (2) 279 360 553 285 127 342 52 109 112 76 375 448 642 339 150 419 57 132 116 86 327 453 648 337 160 294 69 119 199 76 262 337 597 280 147 308 47 80 104 69 71 151 428 150 110 162 12 48 24 46 77 91 194 2 ( ) 66 125 20 36 38 2 ( ) 71 103 199 (2) 47 107 18 34 30 2 ( ) (2) (2) 96 103 41 87 35 82 2 ( ) 2 ( ) New Jersey ............................. New Mexico ............................ New York ................................ North Carolina ........................ North Dakota .......................... Ohio ........................................ Oklahoma ............................... Oregon .................................... Pennsylvania .......................... Rhode Island .......................... 3,963 780 8,372 3,663 336 5,437 1,554 1,664 5,661 474 648 108 1,219 478 38 754 199 235 782 65 653 127 1,379 494 41 770 226 241 875 76 141 30 262 127 (2) 188 48 35 191 18 509 87 1,027 455 41 632 178 203 655 60 608 100 1,269 445 42 731 225 224 837 65 524 115 1,371 419 53 764 207 240 775 68 359 95 758 485 32 594 179 176 593 50 190 26 389 351 13 414 97 107 358 38 155 37 316 153 15 259 72 67 231 13 136 28 279 152 11 224 66 59 245 16 41 28 101 104 40 107 56 77 119 2 ( ) South Carolina ........................ South Dakota .......................... Tennessee .............................. Texas ...................................... Utah ........................................ Vermont .................................. Virginia .................................... Washington ............................. West Virginia .......................... Wisconsin ............................... Wyoming ................................. 1,884 386 2,644 9,631 1,023 319 3,386 2,895 747 2,853 246 219 44 382 1,336 137 43 556 464 82 396 31 259 49 315 1,424 161 53 598 480 109 402 30 63 (2) 96 307 32 (2) 111 109 29 (2) 6 228 46 309 1,167 142 38 393 342 98 293 27 227 47 372 1,352 159 46 458 357 106 417 31 251 63 320 1,331 116 40 428 367 109 363 37 247 40 321 1,146 115 40 385 294 87 344 33 192 25 220 458 55 18 167 126 38 243 7 84 (2) 129 423 34 13 119 132 46 122 17 75 14 114 388 48 2 ( ) 115 118 30 124 9 (2) 36 66 298 (2) 11 (2) 107 13 (2) 18 See footnotes at end of table. 66 Table 14. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Managerial and professional specialty Employment status and State Total Technical, sales, and administrative support Executive, TechniProfesadministracians and sional tive, and related specialty managerial support Sales Administrative support, including clerical Operators, fabricators, and laborers Service occupations Precision Machine production, operators, Transporcraft, and assem- tation and repair blers, material and moving inspectors Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Farming, forestry, and fishing UNEMPLOYED Alabama ................................. Alaska ..................................... Arizona ................................... Arkansas ................................. California ................................ Colorado ................................. Connecticut ............................. Delaware ................................ District of Columbia ................ Florida ..................................... 82 18 88 60 871 81 51 14 22 289 2 1 6 2 51 8 5 1 2 21 2 1 6 2 68 11 2 1 2 14 Georgia ................................... Hawaii ..................................... Idaho ....................................... Illinois ...................................... Indiana .................................... Iowa ........................................ Kansas .................................... Kentucky ................................. Louisiana ................................ Maine ...................................... 150 33 31 260 92 42 52 81 99 27 11 1 1 20 5 3 3 4 5 2 10 2 2 16 2 2 4 6 6 2 Maryland ................................. Massachusetts ........................ Michigan ................................. Minnesota ............................... Mississippi .............................. Missouri .................................. Montana .................................. Nebraska ................................ Nevada ................................... New Hampshire ...................... 118 103 179 65 59 110 25 23 37 19 6 8 10 4 2 5 1 1 3 1 11 11 8 5 1 6 2 1 2 2 New Jersey ............................. New Mexico ............................ New York ................................ North Carolina ........................ North Dakota .......................... Ohio ........................................ Oklahoma ............................... Oregon .................................... Pennsylvania .......................... Rhode Island .......................... 173 47 456 123 10 222 69 95 248 22 8 3 29 6 1 13 5 6 16 2 15 3 31 7 1 14 4 8 17 1 South Carolina ........................ South Dakota .......................... Tennessee .............................. Texas ...................................... Utah ........................................ Vermont .................................. Virginia .................................... Washington ............................. West Virginia .......................... Wisconsin ............................... Wyoming ................................. 69 11 108 438 38 11 90 136 46 94 12 3 1 7 26 3 1 5 8 2 5 (3) 3 1 4 30 4 1 11 9 3 4 1 (3) 2 2 1 17 1 (2) 3 ( ) 1 8 (3) (2) (2) (3) (2) (2) (3) (3) (2) (3) (2) (2) 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 3 1 3 1 7 1 2 2 3 4 1 (3) (2) (2) (2) (3) 2 7 1 2 6 1 15 2 14 6 113 12 4 2 3 43 8 2 13 6 102 12 6 2 4 34 15 3 18 13 167 18 13 2 6 63 11 2 8 6 102 7 6 1 1 31 15 1 5 9 74 4 3 1 2 ( ) 16 3 2 3 4 36 3 (2) 1 1 16 7 2 6 8 74 3 (2) 1 1 27 2 1 7 3 64 2 ( ) (2) (2) (2) 13 18 4 3 41 13 7 6 9 13 4 13 6 3 30 8 4 7 8 8 3 33 7 6 56 20 9 11 18 24 4 12 6 4 22 10 4 6 15 11 4 16 1 3 25 11 4 6 5 8 3 13 1 2 11 6 2 1 4 5 1 12 2 3 29 13 3 5 8 12 2 9 3 3 7 15 11 19 8 6 16 2 4 6 2 20 14 16 7 6 10 3 2 4 2 30 18 40 13 19 24 7 5 12 4 10 12 23 7 9 15 3 1 4 3 8 8 23 4 7 11 1 3 1 2 3 6 10 2 ( ) 3 4 2 1 2 2 ( ) 11 9 19 2 ( ) 5 13 2 3 3 2 ( ) 21 5 65 16 1 21 8 14 26 3 37 4 76 12 1 19 10 10 27 2 33 11 109 27 2 46 16 20 55 5 17 7 48 14 2 31 10 10 31 2 12 2 25 21 (3) 26 6 8 24 3 8 2 18 6 1 12 2 6 17 2 16 5 33 10 1 27 6 8 24 1 11 1 13 62 5 2 15 16 5 14 1 6 1 19 66 6 1 14 18 4 12 1 15 2 24 93 7 2 19 25 9 17 4 7 2 9 45 3 1 9 11 8 11 2 11 1 8 33 3 1 3 14 3 9 1 3 9 1 14 36 4 2 ( ) 7 14 5 11 1 See footnotes at end of table. 67 (2) 4 22 1 1 3 8 5 7 1 (2) 2 2 3 4 2 (2) (2) (2) (2) 7 5 2 3 2 1 3 3 14 4 1 11 1 4 6 2 ( ) (2) 1 3 16 2 ( ) 1 (2) 8 2 (2) 1 Table 14. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Managerial and professional specialty Employment status and State Total Technical, sales, and administrative support Executive, TechniProfesadministracians and sional tive, and related specialty managerial support Sales Administrative support, including clerical Operators, fabricators, and laborers Service occupations Precision Machine production, operators, Transporcraft, and assem- tation and repair blers, material and moving inspectors Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Farming, forestry, and fishing UNEMPLOYMENT RATE Alabama ................................. Alaska ..................................... Arizona ................................... Arkansas ................................. California ................................ Colorado ................................. Connecticut ............................. Delaware ................................ District of Columbia ................ Florida ..................................... 3.8 5.5 3.9 5.0 5.4 3.6 3.0 3.7 8.3 4.0 .7 1.9 1.8 1.3 2.1 2.0 1.6 1.3 3.8 2.1 .7 2.3 1.9 1.7 2.7 2.7 .7 1.7 3.6 1.5 3.3 4.0 2.1 1.8 3.4 1.4 2 ( ) 3.6 6.6 3.2 4.9 5.6 4.6 4.5 5.8 4.0 2.1 5.6 11.9 4.2 2.8 5.4 4.1 3.7 4.6 4.2 2.4 3.0 9.4 3.3 6.3 7.2 5.4 7.3 7.5 6.8 6.0 4.2 13.1 5.7 3.9 6.1 3.3 4.7 6.1 2.8 3.1 3.5 16.1 4.0 7.6 12.5 5.5 7.8 8.6 6.4 3.7 6.2 2 ( ) 7.1 3.3 9.5 3.7 5.9 6.4 4.0 2 ( ) 5.2 9.9 5.6 6.9 12.3 7.8 11.8 11.2 3.6 (2) 8.6 21.8 9.7 3.7 13.2 8.6 7.0 10.7 2 ( ) (2) (2) (2) 7.0 Georgia ................................... Hawaii ..................................... Idaho ....................................... Illinois ...................................... Indiana .................................... Iowa ........................................ Kansas .................................... Kentucky ................................. Louisiana ................................ Maine ...................................... 3.7 5.7 4.8 4.2 3.0 2.7 3.7 4.2 4.8 4.2 1.8 1.7 1.3 2.2 1.3 1.7 1.7 1.5 2.1 2.5 2.0 2.6 2.3 1.7 .6 1.1 2.0 2.3 2.1 2.1 1.9 3.1 4.2 .8 (2) 2 ( ) 2.5 .8 .8 2 ( ) 3.8 4.8 4.5 5.3 4.0 3.6 3.4 4.0 5.5 5.1 2.4 6.2 4.2 3.4 1.8 2.1 3.8 2.9 2.6 3.6 6.8 5.8 6.2 6.8 5.2 4.1 5.8 6.8 7.8 4.9 2.6 11.2 5.0 3.6 2.8 2.0 3.7 6.3 4.9 4.3 4.7 4.6 7.2 6.2 3.5 3.8 7.0 3.9 7.6 6.9 6.0 8.4 5.3 4.1 3.8 3.5 1.6 4.1 4.0 3.1 7.0 8.9 9.8 11.0 7.6 4.5 8.2 9.5 12.9 9.0 10.7 10.2 6.7 6.7 2 ( ) 2.2 3.4 6.7 8.5 6.3 Maryland ................................. Massachusetts ........................ Michigan ................................. Minnesota ............................... Mississippi .............................. Missouri .................................. Montana .................................. Nebraska ................................ Nevada ................................... New Hampshire ...................... 4.3 3.2 3.5 2.4 4.7 3.9 5.3 2.5 4.1 2.9 1.2 1.6 1.5 .9 1.4 1.4 1.2 .7 2.1 1.5 2.0 1.9 1.1 1.2 .6 1.4 2.5 1.2 1.9 2.1 2.7 1.8 1.6 (2) .7 1.2 2.1 (2) 1.6 (2) 5.2 3.1 3.2 2.8 4.7 4.6 3.4 3.3 5.4 2.7 5.0 3.1 2.4 2.1 4.0 2.4 4.9 1.8 3.2 1.9 8.4 3.8 5.8 3.7 10.4 7.6 9.4 4.4 5.5 5.0 3.6 3.3 3.6 2.3 5.5 4.6 6.8 1.7 3.5 3.5 9.7 5.0 5.0 2.8 5.7 6.2 9.9 5.2 4.5 3.3 3.2 6.0 5.1 (2) 4.0 3.4 8.8 2.7 4.5 2 ( ) 13.3 8.0 8.7 2 ( ) 9.0 10.9 9.9 7.4 10.4 2 ( ) (2) (2) 6.5 4.3 4.2 3.6 5.1 1.4 (2) 2 ( ) New Jersey ............................. New Mexico ............................ New York ................................ North Carolina ........................ North Dakota .......................... Ohio ........................................ Oklahoma ............................... Oregon .................................... Pennsylvania .......................... Rhode Island .......................... 4.2 5.6 5.2 3.2 3.0 3.9 4.3 5.3 4.2 4.4 1.2 2.4 2.3 1.2 1.4 1.6 2.7 2.5 2.0 2.7 2.3 2.2 2.2 1.3 1.5 1.7 1.8 3.1 1.9 1.0 2.2 2.9 2.7 .7 2 ( ) 1.2 3.2 8.0 2.0 3.6 4.0 5.3 6.0 3.4 2.5 3.3 4.1 6.3 3.8 4.5 5.8 3.5 5.7 2.6 3.2 2.5 4.2 4.1 3.2 3.7 5.9 8.8 7.4 6.0 3.4 5.6 7.0 7.5 6.6 6.4 4.5 7.1 6.0 2.7 5.4 4.9 5.2 5.3 5.0 3.0 6.0 8.6 6.2 5.6 3.6 5.9 6.0 7.2 6.4 8.4 4.9 5.1 5.5 3.5 6.8 4.3 2.8 7.6 6.8 12.8 10.4 15.1 10.8 6.3 5.6 10.9 8.1 11.3 8.9 7.7 7.0 10.4 12.0 3.3 1.5 9.5 2.1 4.6 4.7 2 ( ) South Carolina ........................ South Dakota .......................... Tennessee .............................. Texas ...................................... Utah ........................................ Vermont .................................. Virginia .................................... Washington ............................. West Virginia .......................... Wisconsin ............................... Wyoming ................................. 3.6 2.6 3.9 4.4 3.5 3.3 2.6 4.5 5.8 3.2 4.5 1.3 1.2 1.9 1.9 2.2 2.0 1.0 1.6 2.1 1.3 .8 1.0 1.7 1.3 2.1 2.6 1.2 1.8 1.8 2.4 1.0 1.7 (3) (2) 2.2 2.3 3.0 2 ( ) 1.4 5.2 2.5 (2) 2.4 4.7 2.7 3.9 5.0 3.2 4.8 3.7 4.5 4.7 4.5 2.8 2.8 2.4 4.8 4.6 3.5 2.2 2.9 4.9 3.7 2.7 2.7 5.5 3.0 7.0 6.5 5.5 4.9 4.2 6.3 7.9 4.5 9.2 2.9 4.0 2.7 3.8 2.3 2.3 2.3 3.5 8.0 3.0 4.4 5.4 3.5 3.7 6.7 5.1 4.6 1.9 10.0 8.2 3.7 7.8 3.0 (2) 2.7 5.0 2.3 6.1 2.3 5.7 9.7 5.3 5.2 10.7 7.5 10.8 8.6 7.8 2 ( ) 6.0 10.5 14.4 8.3 13.4 (2) 1.8 3.9 5.1 2 ( ) 5.6 (2) 7.0 11.5 (2) 4.8 1 Excludes persons with no previous work experience. 2 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS 3 Less than 500 persons or less than 0.05 percent. NOTE: Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates because of rounding. publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample in that area. See appendix B. 68 Table 15. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1998 annual averages Total employed Population group and State Managerial and professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Executive, TechniNumber Profesadministracians and (In thou- Percent sional tive, and related sands) specialty managerial support Sales Operators, fabricators, and laborers Handlers, Precision Farming, equipService producAdminiMachine forestry, ment Transporoccupation, strative operators, and fishcraft, and tation and cleaners, tions support, asseming material helpers, repair including blers, and and moving clerical inspectors laborers TOTAL Alabama ....................... 2,062 Alaska ........................... 299 Arizona ......................... 2,178 Arkansas ....................... 1,148 California ...................... 15,361 Colorado ....................... 2,159 Connecticut ................... 1,652 Delaware ...................... 377 District of Columbia ...... 244 Florida ........................... 6,918 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 12.6 16.1 14.5 11.2 15.5 17.6 17.0 15.6 20.5 14.6 13.0 15.7 14.5 12.1 16.0 18.3 17.4 15.4 25.8 13.9 3.2 3.7 3.4 3.1 3.2 3.8 2.9 3.4 4.5 3.4 14.4 12.4 13.0 11.4 12.0 13.2 12.0 9.8 7.8 14.1 13.7 14.0 14.5 12.9 13.7 13.0 14.7 16.4 15.2 14.8 10.9 13.4 14.8 14.6 13.5 11.3 12.6 14.6 16.4 15.2 12.7 11.4 11.3 11.3 10.2 11.3 11.1 10.9 3.3 10.9 8.4 2.0 3.9 9.1 5.1 2.6 5.4 4.8 1.2 3.1 4.4 4.7 3.2 5.1 3.4 3.1 2.6 4.0 2.9 3.8 4.3 3.7 3.5 5.2 3.8 4.0 3.1 3.4 2.0 3.7 2.6 2.7 3.4 3.8 3.5 2.0 1.1 1.6 .4 2.5 Georgia ......................... Hawaii ........................... Idaho ............................. Illinois ............................ Indiana .......................... Iowa .............................. Kansas .......................... Kentucky ....................... Louisiana ...................... Maine ............................ 3,852 560 620 5,946 2,993 1,526 1,357 1,835 1,945 622 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 15.4 12.9 11.8 15.1 13.3 11.2 13.9 13.6 12.8 12.9 12.9 13.2 13.1 15.1 12.3 13.3 14.7 14.4 14.0 14.3 2.9 2.5 2.9 3.1 2.7 3.7 3.2 3.0 3.3 2.4 11.7 13.8 10.6 12.6 10.9 12.3 11.9 11.4 11.5 12.1 13.8 16.1 12.1 14.6 14.5 13.2 13.9 13.7 14.8 13.7 11.8 19.6 14.4 13.1 12.1 13.7 13.0 13.4 14.8 13.0 11.6 8.6 12.1 10.0 11.8 11.5 11.0 11.7 11.1 13.5 8.3 2.7 6.3 6.5 10.5 6.3 6.1 7.1 5.1 6.9 5.2 2.7 5.2 4.3 4.6 4.5 3.8 5.0 6.1 4.3 4.3 3.4 5.2 4.0 5.1 4.3 4.1 4.1 4.3 3.4 2.0 4.5 6.5 1.7 2.2 5.9 4.5 2.5 2.4 4.0 Maryland ....................... Massachusetts .............. Michigan ....................... Minnesota ..................... Mississippi .................... Missouri ........................ Montana ........................ Nebraska ...................... Nevada ......................... New Hampshire ............ 2,631 3,164 4,835 2,613 1,200 2,738 442 892 880 633 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 18.3 16.2 13.2 16.4 10.9 14.1 13.1 11.7 14.4 15.5 20.4 18.1 14.2 16.3 15.5 15.5 14.3 13.0 10.9 16.7 4.1 3.1 3.2 3.6 3.1 3.1 2.5 3.5 2.5 3.3 10.6 11.4 11.4 10.9 10.6 12.5 11.8 12.2 12.7 12.0 14.3 14.2 13.3 13.0 12.5 15.3 12.9 14.8 13.2 13.6 12.4 14.3 13.4 12.9 13.3 10.7 15.6 13.3 22.6 12.0 10.0 10.7 12.3 10.7 12.3 11.2 10.6 9.0 11.8 10.9 2.7 4.8 8.9 5.7 9.2 5.9 2.7 5.4 2.7 7.3 2.9 2.9 4.0 3.6 5.5 4.6 4.5 4.0 4.3 3.9 2.7 3.3 4.1 3.0 3.9 3.9 4.1 3.8 3.4 3.0 1.6 1.3 2.0 3.9 3.4 3.2 7.9 9.2 1.5 1.7 New Jersey ................... New Mexico .................. New York ...................... North Carolina .............. North Dakota ................ Ohio .............................. Oklahoma ..................... Oregon .......................... Pennsylvania ................ Rhode Island ................ 3,963 780 8,372 3,663 336 5,437 1,554 1,664 5,661 474 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 16.4 13.8 14.6 13.0 11.3 13.9 12.8 14.1 13.8 13.7 16.5 16.3 16.5 13.5 12.2 14.2 14.5 14.5 15.5 16.0 3.6 3.8 3.1 3.5 3.0 3.5 3.1 2.1 3.4 3.8 12.8 11.2 12.3 12.4 12.2 11.6 11.5 12.2 11.6 12.7 15.3 12.8 15.2 12.1 12.5 13.4 14.5 13.5 14.8 13.7 13.2 14.7 16.4 11.4 15.8 14.1 13.3 14.4 13.7 14.3 9.1 12.2 9.1 13.2 9.5 10.9 11.5 10.6 10.5 10.5 4.8 3.3 4.6 9.6 3.9 7.6 6.2 6.4 6.3 8.0 3.9 4.7 3.8 4.2 4.5 4.8 4.6 4.0 4.1 2.7 3.4 3.6 3.3 4.1 3.3 4.1 4.2 3.5 4.3 3.4 1.0 3.6 1.2 2.8 11.9 2.0 3.6 4.6 2.1 1.1 South Carolina .............. South Dakota ................ Tennessee .................... Texas ............................ Utah .............................. Vermont ........................ Virginia .......................... Washington ................... West Virginia ................ Wisconsin ..................... Wyoming ....................... 1,884 386 2,644 9,631 1,023 319 3,386 2,895 747 2,853 246 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 11.6 11.4 14.4 13.9 13.4 13.5 16.4 16.0 11.0 13.9 12.6 13.7 12.7 11.9 14.8 15.7 16.6 17.7 16.6 14.6 14.1 12.2 3.3 2.6 3.6 3.2 3.1 2.5 3.3 3.8 3.9 2.7 2.4 12.1 11.9 11.7 12.1 13.9 11.9 11.6 11.8 13.1 10.3 11.0 12.0 12.2 14.1 14.0 15.5 14.4 13.5 12.3 14.2 14.6 12.6 13.3 16.3 12.1 13.8 11.3 12.5 12.6 12.7 14.6 12.7 15.0 13.1 10.4 12.1 11.9 11.2 12.5 11.4 10.2 11.6 12.1 13.4 10.2 6.5 8.3 4.8 5.4 5.6 4.9 4.4 5.1 8.5 2.8 4.5 3.4 4.9 4.4 3.3 4.1 3.5 4.6 6.2 4.3 6.9 4.0 3.6 4.3 4.0 4.7 2.5 3.4 4.1 4.0 4.3 3.7 2.0 9.3 2.5 3.1 2.4 3.4 1.6 3.7 1.7 2.6 7.3 See footnotes at end of table. 69 Table 15. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued Total employed Population group and State Managerial and professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Executive, TechniNumber Profesadministracians and (In thou- Percent sional tive, and related sands) specialty managerial support Sales Operators, fabricators, and laborers Handlers, Precision Farming, equipService producAdminiMachine forestry, ment Transporoccupation, strative operators, and fishcraft, and tation and cleaners, tions support, asseming material helpers, repair including blers, and and moving clerical inspectors laborers Men Alabama ....................... Alaska ........................... Arizona ......................... Arkansas ....................... California ...................... Colorado ....................... Connecticut ................... Delaware ...................... District of Columbia ...... Florida ........................... 1,119 161 1,193 603 8,565 1,161 872 199 120 3,703 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 13.3 16.8 15.3 10.9 15.4 16.2 18.5 17.6 20.0 15.2 10.5 13.7 13.2 9.6 14.5 18.3 15.3 14.1 25.0 12.1 2.9 4.3 3.1 2.8 2.9 3.2 2.6 2.5 4.2 2.5 12.6 9.9 11.5 11.1 11.3 12.3 11.8 7.5 7.5 13.3 4.6 5.0 4.7 4.5 6.4 5.9 6.8 7.5 8.3 5.8 7.3 10.6 12.8 10.0 11.0 8.2 9.4 11.6 17.5 12.7 21.7 19.9 19.0 18.9 16.7 18.9 18.8 19.1 5.8 18.8 8.9 1.9 4.3 9.1 5.4 3.4 5.8 6.5 1.7 3.7 7.3 8.1 5.0 9.1 5.6 4.7 4.5 6.5 5.8 6.4 6.4 5.6 5.7 8.0 5.7 5.9 4.6 5.0 3.3 5.6 4.3 5.0 5.4 6.1 5.2 2.9 1.9 2.0 (1) 3.8 Georgia ......................... Hawaii ........................... Idaho ............................. Illinois ............................ Indiana .......................... Iowa .............................. Kansas .......................... Kentucky ....................... Louisiana ...................... Maine ............................ 2,010 277 346 3,160 1,592 816 723 986 1,042 328 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 16.5 14.1 12.1 15.6 13.5 11.2 14.7 14.9 12.6 11.6 10.9 11.6 11.6 13.4 10.8 10.3 13.1 11.8 12.7 12.2 2.1 2.5 2.9 2.5 1.9 3.4 2.9 2.6 3.0 1.8 10.9 10.8 9.8 12.1 9.0 11.4 11.2 9.8 9.6 10.4 4.9 5.1 4.0 5.9 5.6 3.9 5.3 5.6 5.2 5.8 7.8 18.1 8.4 9.9 8.5 8.7 8.0 9.0 10.1 9.1 20.1 16.2 19.9 16.7 20.3 19.7 18.7 19.9 19.7 23.2 8.5 3.2 6.9 8.2 12.9 7.8 7.6 8.2 7.1 7.9 8.6 5.1 8.1 7.3 7.8 7.5 6.1 8.7 9.9 7.6 6.6 6.1 7.2 5.9 6.5 6.5 5.5 5.6 6.8 4.9 3.1 7.2 9.0 2.5 3.2 9.4 6.8 3.9 3.6 5.8 Maryland ....................... Massachusetts .............. Michigan ....................... Minnesota ..................... Mississippi .................... Missouri ........................ Montana ........................ Nebraska ...................... Nevada ......................... New Hampshire ............ 1,380 1,661 2,624 1,380 634 1,460 235 471 484 334 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19.2 16.6 13.6 16.1 11.8 13.4 12.8 12.3 14.9 18.3 17.9 16.9 12.5 14.2 12.1 11.7 12.8 9.8 9.7 14.1 3.5 3.0 2.6 3.2 2.7 2.8 1.3 2.8 2.3 3.3 11.2 10.2 9.9 11.1 9.0 11.9 11.5 11.9 10.3 11.4 4.6 6.2 4.8 5.4 4.4 5.8 3.4 5.7 4.3 5.7 10.4 11.3 9.1 8.1 9.0 9.2 9.8 8.3 19.8 9.0 17.8 18.4 21.1 18.0 20.7 19.2 18.7 15.5 20.7 17.7 3.1 5.4 10.9 7.4 9.5 7.6 3.4 6.8 3.3 7.5 5.1 5.0 6.5 6.1 9.8 7.3 7.7 7.4 7.0 6.6 4.5 5.1 5.7 4.3 6.0 6.1 6.0 5.3 5.4 4.8 2.7 1.9 3.2 6.0 5.0 4.7 11.5 13.8 2.3 2.4 New Jersey ................... New Mexico .................. New York ...................... North Carolina .............. North Dakota ................ Ohio .............................. Oklahoma ..................... Oregon .......................... Pennsylvania ................ Rhode Island ................ 2,106 420 4,483 1,968 175 2,868 838 917 2,996 246 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 18.7 13.3 15.7 13.7 12.0 14.3 13.2 14.2 15.1 14.6 14.1 13.6 13.9 10.9 9.1 11.9 12.3 13.6 13.3 14.6 3.1 4.0 2.7 3.0 2.9 2.6 2.0 1.7 2.9 2.8 12.8 9.0 11.9 11.4 11.4 10.7 10.3 10.5 10.8 12.2 6.0 4.8 7.0 4.2 3.4 5.6 5.4 5.1 5.6 5.7 10.6 11.2 14.8 7.9 7.4 9.4 9.8 10.3 9.6 11.4 15.9 21.0 15.5 22.0 16.6 19.1 19.1 17.9 18.3 18.7 5.4 3.8 5.0 9.7 4.6 9.8 8.1 8.5 7.8 8.9 6.6 7.9 6.4 7.0 8.6 8.2 8.0 6.7 6.8 4.9 5.2 5.7 5.2 6.1 5.1 5.5 6.6 4.8 6.8 4.5 1.6 5.5 1.8 4.1 18.3 2.9 5.3 6.8 2.9 2.0 South Carolina .............. South Dakota ................ Tennessee .................... Texas ............................ Utah .............................. Vermont ........................ Virginia .......................... Washington ................... West Virginia ................ Wisconsin ..................... Wyoming ....................... 969 204 1,389 5,358 560 167 1,834 1,582 401 1,511 134 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 11.1 11.3 15.4 13.8 13.9 13.8 17.0 16.1 11.5 15.4 12.7 10.2 10.3 9.7 12.7 14.8 14.4 15.8 15.2 13.2 11.3 10.4 3.3 2.5 2.5 3.1 3.2 3.0 3.2 3.1 2.0 2.0 2.2 11.1 11.8 10.7 10.8 13.4 10.2 10.5 10.7 11.5 9.3 9.7 3.4 4.4 4.9 5.9 5.9 5.4 5.7 4.7 5.7 5.0 3.0 9.0 10.8 9.0 9.9 8.4 8.4 10.3 8.4 9.0 8.2 9.0 23.8 17.6 21.0 19.9 18.9 21.6 19.6 17.1 20.4 20.9 23.1 11.7 7.4 9.0 5.9 5.2 7.2 5.2 6.0 7.0 10.6 4.5 7.4 6.4 8.1 7.3 5.5 7.2 5.5 7.5 11.0 7.5 11.2 5.8 4.9 6.0 6.0 6.6 3.6 5.1 5.8 6.2 5.8 5.2 3.1 13.7 3.7 4.6 3.8 5.4 2.2 5.4 2.5 4.2 9.0 See footnotes at end of table. 70 Table 15. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued Total employed Population group and State Managerial and professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Executive, TechniNumber Profesadministracians and (In thou- Percent sional tive, and related sands) specialty managerial support Sales Operators, fabricators, and laborers Handlers, Precision Farming, equipService producAdminiMachine forestry, ment Transporoccupation, strative operators, and fishcraft, and tation and cleaners, tions support, asseming material helpers, repair including blers, and and moving clerical inspectors laborers Women Alabama ....................... Alaska ........................... Arizona ......................... Arkansas ....................... California ...................... Colorado ....................... Connecticut ................... Delaware ...................... District of Columbia ...... Florida ........................... 943 137 985 546 6,796 998 780 178 123 3,215 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 11.8 16.1 13.7 11.7 15.7 19.2 15.3 13.5 20.3 13.9 16.0 18.2 16.0 14.7 18.0 18.2 19.9 16.9 26.0 15.9 3.5 2.9 3.9 3.5 3.5 4.4 3.3 4.5 4.9 4.4 16.4 15.3 14.9 11.7 13.0 14.1 12.3 12.4 8.1 15.1 24.4 24.1 26.3 22.2 22.9 21.1 23.6 26.4 21.1 25.2 15.1 16.8 17.3 19.8 16.7 14.9 16.0 18.0 15.4 18.0 1.9 1.5 2.0 2.9 1.9 2.4 2.4 1.7 .8 1.8 7.8 1.5 3.5 9.2 4.7 1.8 5.0 2.8 .8 2.5 1.0 .7 .9 .7 .7 1.2 .5 1.1 .8 .8 1.7 1.5 .9 2.2 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.7 .8 1.5 .5 .7 .8 1.3 1.4 .8 .3 1.1 (1) 1.0 Georgia ......................... Hawaii ........................... Idaho ............................. Illinois ............................ Indiana .......................... Iowa .............................. Kansas .......................... Kentucky ....................... Louisiana ...................... Maine ............................ 1,842 282 274 2,786 1,400 710 634 849 903 294 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 14.3 11.3 10.9 14.6 13.0 11.3 13.1 12.0 13.1 14.3 15.0 14.9 15.0 16.9 13.9 16.9 16.6 17.6 15.5 16.7 3.7 2.5 2.9 3.7 3.6 4.1 3.6 3.5 3.8 2.7 12.6 16.3 12.0 13.3 13.0 13.2 12.6 13.3 13.6 13.9 23.5 27.0 22.3 24.6 24.6 23.9 23.7 23.2 25.9 22.4 16.1 21.3 21.9 16.6 16.1 19.3 18.6 18.5 20.4 17.3 2.3 1.4 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.1 2.2 2.4 1.1 2.7 8.2 2.1 5.5 4.6 7.7 4.5 4.3 5.8 2.8 5.4 1.6 .7 1.5 .9 1.1 1.1 1.1 .7 1.8 1.0 1.7 .7 2.6 1.8 3.5 1.5 2.4 2.4 1.3 1.7 .8 1.8 2.9 .8 1.1 1.8 1.9 .9 1.0 1.7 Maryland ....................... Massachusetts .............. Michigan ....................... Minnesota ..................... Mississippi .................... Missouri ........................ Montana ........................ Nebraska ...................... Nevada ......................... New Hampshire ............ 1,250 1,504 2,211 1,233 567 1,278 207 421 397 299 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 17.3 15.7 12.7 16.8 9.9 14.9 13.5 10.9 13.9 12.4 23.1 19.4 16.2 18.5 19.2 19.8 15.9 16.6 12.6 19.7 4.8 3.2 3.8 4.1 3.5 3.4 3.4 4.5 2.8 3.7 10.0 12.7 13.3 10.7 12.3 13.1 12.1 12.6 15.9 12.7 25.0 22.9 23.3 21.5 21.5 26.1 23.7 24.7 23.7 22.4 14.6 17.6 18.5 18.2 18.2 12.5 21.7 19.0 25.9 15.4 1.4 2.1 2.0 2.5 2.8 2.1 1.4 1.9 1.3 3.3 2.2 4.0 6.4 3.9 8.8 3.9 1.9 3.8 2.0 7.0 .5 .6 1.0 .7 .5 1.4 1.0 .2 .8 1.0 .7 1.2 2.3 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.4 2.1 1.0 1.0 .4 .6 .5 1.6 1.6 1.4 3.9 4.0 .5 1.0 New Jersey ................... New Mexico .................. New York ...................... North Carolina .............. North Dakota ................ Ohio .............................. Oklahoma ..................... Oregon .......................... Pennsylvania ................ Rhode Island ................ 1,857 360 3,889 1,695 161 2,569 716 747 2,665 227 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 13.7 14.4 13.2 12.3 10.6 13.4 12.3 14.1 12.3 12.8 19.1 19.4 19.5 16.5 15.5 16.7 17.2 15.7 17.9 17.6 4.0 3.3 3.6 3.9 3.1 4.4 4.3 2.4 3.9 4.8 12.9 13.3 12.7 13.6 13.0 12.7 12.8 14.2 12.3 13.2 25.9 22.2 24.6 21.4 22.4 22.1 25.0 23.7 25.1 22.5 16.2 18.6 18.2 15.6 24.8 19.2 17.5 19.7 18.3 17.2 1.3 1.9 1.6 3.1 1.2 1.8 2.7 1.6 1.7 2.2 4.1 2.8 4.2 9.6 2.5 5.3 4.1 3.9 4.7 7.0 .8 1.1 .8 .9 .6 1.0 .7 .8 1.0 .4 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.8 1.2 2.6 1.7 2.0 1.5 2.2 .4 1.4 .5 1.4 5.0 .9 1.8 2.0 1.2 .4 South Carolina .............. South Dakota ................ Tennessee .................... Texas ............................ Utah .............................. Vermont ........................ Virginia .......................... Washington ................... West Virginia ................ Wisconsin ..................... Wyoming ....................... 915 182 1,255 4,274 463 153 1,553 1,313 346 1,341 111 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 12.1 11.5 13.4 13.9 12.7 13.1 15.8 16.0 10.4 12.2 12.6 17.5 15.4 14.3 17.3 16.6 19.0 19.9 18.4 16.2 17.3 15.3 3.5 2.7 4.9 3.3 3.0 2.6 3.4 4.5 6.1 3.4 2.7 13.2 12.1 12.8 13.7 14.3 13.7 12.9 13.1 15.0 11.3 12.6 21.2 20.9 24.2 24.3 27.2 24.2 22.8 21.4 24.0 25.4 24.3 18.0 22.5 15.5 18.7 14.9 17.0 15.4 17.8 21.1 17.8 22.5 1.6 2.2 2.5 1.9 1.9 2.6 1.7 1.7 1.4 2.1 1.8 8.6 5.5 7.6 3.4 5.6 4.6 4.6 2.4 2.9 6.2 .9 1.3 (1) 1.4 .8 .6 .7 1.1 1.1 .6 .7 1.8 2.1 1.6 2.4 1.5 2.4 1.3 1.4 2.0 1.4 2.8 1.8 .9 4.4 1.1 1.1 .9 1.3 1.0 1.6 .9 .7 5.4 See footnotes at end of table. 71 Table 15. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued Total employed Population group and State Managerial and professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Executive, TechniNumber Profesadministracians and (In thou- Percent sional tive, and related sands) specialty managerial support Sales Operators, fabricators, and laborers Handlers, Precision Farming, equipService producAdminiMachine forestry, ment Transporoccupation, strative operators, and fishcraft, and tation and cleaners, tions support, asseming material helpers, repair including blers, and and moving clerical inspectors laborers White Alabama ....................... 1,563 Alaska ........................... 246 Arizona ......................... 2,010 Arkansas ....................... 972 California ...................... 12,394 Colorado ....................... 2,031 Connecticut ................... 1,452 Delaware ...................... 293 District of Columbia ...... 102 Florida ........................... 5,763 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 14.5 16.7 14.9 12.2 15.8 17.7 18.1 17.1 29.4 16.0 14.4 17.1 14.6 12.4 15.7 18.8 18.5 16.0 39.2 14.7 3.3 4.1 3.5 3.4 3.1 3.6 2.9 3.4 5.9 3.5 15.9 12.6 12.9 12.3 12.1 13.3 12.0 10.9 5.9 14.7 14.0 13.4 14.3 13.5 12.7 12.8 14.1 15.4 9.8 14.8 8.1 11.0 14.6 12.6 13.4 11.1 11.6 14.0 6.9 13.0 13.5 11.8 11.4 12.0 10.5 11.2 11.2 11.3 2.0 11.2 6.4 2.0 3.3 7.7 5.1 2.5 5.0 4.1 (1) 2.7 4.2 4.9 3.2 4.7 3.6 3.1 2.4 3.1 (1) 3.4 3.1 3.7 3.6 4.9 4.0 3.7 3.0 3.4 1.0 3.6 2.7 3.3 3.6 4.0 4.1 2.0 1.1 2.0 (1) 2.4 Georgia ......................... Hawaii ........................... Idaho ............................. Illinois ............................ Indiana .......................... Iowa .............................. Kansas .......................... Kentucky ....................... Louisiana ...................... Maine ............................ 2,659 145 605 5,012 2,765 1,476 1,236 1,711 1,364 616 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 18.2 13.1 11.7 16.3 13.4 11.4 14.3 14.0 14.7 12.8 14.7 20.0 13.1 14.8 12.3 13.1 14.9 14.5 15.9 14.3 3.0 2.1 3.0 2.9 2.8 3.7 3.2 2.9 3.5 2.3 13.1 15.9 10.7 12.8 11.2 12.3 11.9 11.8 11.5 12.2 13.4 10.3 12.2 14.1 14.0 13.3 13.8 13.9 15.4 13.6 9.3 18.6 14.0 12.2 11.5 13.4 12.3 12.4 11.1 12.8 12.7 8.3 12.2 10.6 12.3 11.7 11.3 12.0 12.6 13.3 5.8 1.4 6.1 6.5 10.8 6.1 5.9 6.6 4.3 6.8 4.2 1.4 5.3 4.0 4.5 4.7 3.8 5.0 5.1 4.4 3.2 2.8 5.1 4.0 4.8 4.2 3.6 4.2 3.4 3.4 2.4 4.8 6.4 1.9 2.4 6.0 4.9 2.7 2.6 3.9 Maryland ....................... Massachusetts .............. Michigan ....................... Minnesota ..................... Mississippi .................... Missouri ........................ Montana ........................ Nebraska ...................... Nevada ......................... New Hampshire ............ 1,854 2,958 4,194 2,472 794 2,475 416 846 769 615 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 20.2 16.7 13.8 16.7 14.0 14.1 13.0 11.7 15.2 15.6 22.4 18.0 14.4 16.5 18.5 15.4 13.9 13.2 11.6 16.9 3.9 2.9 3.0 3.5 3.3 3.2 2.4 3.5 2.6 3.4 11.1 11.6 11.8 11.2 11.7 12.8 12.0 12.3 13.0 12.2 12.6 14.3 13.3 12.9 13.0 15.0 13.2 14.5 13.1 13.7 10.2 13.7 12.3 12.5 9.7 10.2 14.9 13.0 20.2 12.0 11.5 10.9 13.3 10.8 13.5 12.1 10.8 8.9 12.4 10.9 2.4 4.5 8.2 5.3 5.9 5.8 2.6 5.3 2.9 6.7 2.0 2.9 3.7 3.6 4.8 4.5 4.6 4.1 4.3 4.1 1.7 3.1 4.1 2.8 2.3 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.4 2.9 2.0 1.4 2.2 4.1 3.3 3.4 8.2 9.7 1.6 1.8 New Jersey ................... New Mexico .................. New York ...................... North Carolina .............. North Dakota ................ Ohio .............................. Oklahoma ..................... Oregon .......................... Pennsylvania ................ Rhode Island ................ 3,190 688 6,684 2,789 324 4,808 1,317 1,539 5,119 442 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 17.0 14.4 15.6 15.0 11.4 14.5 13.0 13.9 14.4 14.0 16.6 16.6 16.9 14.4 12.0 14.4 15.3 14.9 15.4 16.5 3.4 3.6 3.0 3.4 3.1 3.4 3.1 2.2 3.4 3.8 13.3 11.2 12.9 13.2 12.7 11.9 11.7 12.3 11.7 12.9 15.2 12.8 15.0 12.1 12.7 13.3 15.0 13.3 14.4 13.6 11.8 14.1 14.2 9.7 15.4 12.9 12.0 14.4 12.9 14.0 10.0 12.1 9.5 14.4 9.3 11.3 11.9 10.7 10.8 10.6 4.7 3.1 4.5 7.7 3.7 7.6 5.8 6.0 6.3 7.2 3.7 4.7 3.7 3.8 4.3 4.6 4.4 4.1 4.2 2.9 3.1 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.1 3.9 3.9 3.4 4.4 3.4 1.2 4.1 1.4 2.9 12.0 2.1 3.9 4.8 2.2 1.1 South Carolina .............. South Dakota ................ Tennessee .................... Texas ............................ Utah .............................. Vermont ........................ Virginia .......................... Washington ................... West Virginia ................ Wisconsin ..................... Wyoming ....................... 1,408 366 2,177 8,194 983 314 2,618 2,635 722 2,683 238 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 13.7 11.5 15.5 14.6 13.6 13.7 18.1 16.0 11.1 13.7 12.2 15.8 12.8 13.1 14.7 15.9 16.2 18.8 16.6 14.4 13.9 12.2 3.5 2.7 3.6 3.1 3.2 2.5 3.5 3.8 4.0 2.6 2.5 13.2 12.3 12.1 11.9 14.0 11.8 12.1 12.1 13.3 10.5 10.9 12.2 12.0 13.6 13.8 15.5 14.6 13.1 12.1 14.0 14.6 13.0 11.0 15.6 9.9 13.0 11.2 12.4 10.7 12.2 14.1 12.4 14.3 14.0 10.1 12.8 12.5 11.2 12.7 12.3 10.3 11.8 12.4 13.4 7.6 6.6 8.2 4.6 5.1 5.4 4.0 4.1 5.1 8.5 2.9 3.9 3.6 4.5 4.3 3.3 4.1 2.7 4.7 6.4 4.4 7.1 3.1 3.6 4.1 4.0 4.7 2.5 2.8 4.1 4.0 4.4 3.8 1.9 9.3 2.7 3.5 2.3 3.5 1.9 3.9 1.7 2.7 7.1 See footnotes at end of table. 72 Table 15. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued Total employed Population group and State Managerial and professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Executive, TechniNumber Profesadministracians and (In thou- Percent sional tive, and related sands) specialty managerial support Sales Operators, fabricators, and laborers Handlers, Precision Farming, equipService producAdminiMachine forestry, ment Transporoccupation, strative operators, and fishcraft, and tation and cleaners, tions support, asseming material helpers, repair including blers, and and moving clerical inspectors laborers Black Alabama ....................... Alaska ........................... Arizona ......................... Arkansas ....................... California ...................... Colorado ....................... Connecticut ................... Delaware ...................... District of Columbia ...... Florida ........................... 473 10 75 158 987 57 174 74 135 986 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 6.8 10.0 10.7 5.1 14.3 15.8 7.5 9.5 14.1 6.5 7.6 10.0 13.3 9.5 16.3 5.3 9.2 10.8 14.8 8.0 2.5 (1) 1.3 1.3 2.6 1.8 1.7 4.1 3.0 2.7 9.7 10.0 16.0 5.1 9.1 7.0 13.2 5.4 9.6 11.1 13.1 20.0 18.7 10.1 21.5 24.6 19.0 23.0 19.3 15.4 20.1 30.0 20.0 27.2 17.4 15.8 21.8 17.6 23.7 26.7 10.6 10.0 5.3 7.0 7.2 12.3 10.9 10.8 4.4 9.6 15.6 (1) 8.0 17.7 2.5 5.3 7.5 8.1 2.2 5.8 5.3 (1) 5.3 8.2 4.6 3.5 4.0 8.1 5.2 6.8 6.3 (1) 1.3 7.0 3.7 8.8 4.6 2.7 3.7 4.5 2.3 (1) (1) 2.5 .6 1.8 .6 (1) (1) 2.8 Georgia ......................... Hawaii ........................... Illinois ............................ Indiana .......................... Iowa .............................. Kansas .......................... Kentucky ....................... Louisiana ...................... 1,137 8 720 190 21 78 106 536 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 9.1 12.5 8.3 11.1 (1) 11.5 7.5 7.1 8.8 25.0 13.1 8.9 14.3 7.7 9.4 9.1 2.8 (1) 2.4 1.1 4.8 2.6 5.7 2.4 8.4 12.5 10.7 8.4 19.0 10.3 6.6 10.6 14.9 12.5 19.7 21.6 9.5 19.2 12.3 14.0 17.1 25.0 20.3 20.5 33.3 21.8 28.3 24.1 9.0 12.5 7.1 6.3 (1) 6.4 8.5 7.5 14.2 (1) 6.5 6.8 14.3 6.4 15.1 7.3 7.8 (1) 6.5 7.4 (1) 3.8 3.8 8.8 6.9 12.5 5.0 9.5 (1) 9.0 2.8 6.9 1.0 (1) .4 (1) (1) (1) (1) 2.1 Maryland ....................... Massachusetts .............. Michigan ....................... Minnesota ..................... Mississippi .................... Missouri ........................ Nebraska ...................... Nevada ......................... New Hampshire ............ 670 135 525 65 394 226 26 55 6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 14.3 5.9 9.1 9.2 5.1 15.0 11.5 7.3 16.7 11.9 14.1 9.9 10.8 9.4 15.0 7.7 5.5 16.7 3.9 5.9 4.0 3.1 2.5 2.7 (1) (1) (1) 8.7 6.7 9.9 10.8 8.4 9.7 15.4 10.9 (1) 20.4 11.9 14.3 15.4 11.4 18.6 19.2 16.4 16.7 18.4 28.1 22.1 23.1 19.5 18.1 15.4 41.8 16.7 6.6 7.4 6.3 7.7 9.9 3.5 15.4 5.5 16.7 3.7 8.9 12.8 6.2 15.5 4.4 3.8 (1) (1) 5.8 4.4 6.5 6.2 6.9 5.8 3.8 7.3 (1) 5.5 6.7 4.8 9.2 7.4 7.1 3.8 5.5 (1) .7 .7 .2 (1) 3.6 (1) (1) (1) (1) New Jersey ................... New Mexico .................. New York ...................... North Carolina .............. Ohio .............................. Oklahoma ..................... Oregon .......................... Pennsylvania ................ Rhode Island ................ 566 15 1,207 757 539 126 33 420 22 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 11.8 13.3 9.4 6.9 9.3 12.7 18.2 7.6 4.5 12.0 20.0 12.8 10.0 9.5 10.3 6.1 12.6 9.1 3.5 6.7 3.6 3.8 3.0 2.4 (1) 3.3 4.5 9.5 6.7 9.2 10.2 9.1 10.3 12.1 11.2 9.1 18.0 20.0 17.3 13.1 15.2 11.9 24.2 21.2 18.2 22.4 13.3 27.8 17.4 24.3 23.0 18.2 23.6 27.3 5.7 13.3 7.6 8.7 7.6 5.6 6.1 6.9 13.6 5.1 (1) 3.9 14.9 8.3 10.3 6.1 5.2 9.1 5.8 6.7 4.3 6.1 6.5 5.6 6.1 3.8 (1) 5.5 6.7 3.4 6.7 6.3 6.3 3.0 4.3 4.5 .5 (1) .6 2.2 .9 1.6 1 ( ) .2 (1) South Carolina .............. South Dakota ................ Tennessee .................... Texas ............................ Utah .............................. Vermont ........................ Virginia .......................... Washington ................... West Virginia ................ Wisconsin ..................... Wyoming ....................... 464 2 446 1,098 7 1 642 73 20 100 2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 5.2 (1) 9.0 9.3 28.6 (1) 10.6 12.3 10.0 17.0 (1) 7.3 (1) 5.8 12.6 14.3 (1) 10.4 16.4 10.0 9.0 (1) 3.0 (1) 4.0 3.3 (1) (1) 2.2 4.1 (1) 1.0 (1) 9.1 (1) 9.4 11.8 (1) (1) 9.5 9.6 10.0 11.0 (1) 11.4 (1) 17.0 17.2 14.3 (1) 16.0 15.1 20.0 16.0 (1) 20.0 (1) 23.1 20.9 28.6 (1) 19.9 20.5 30.0 21.0 50.0 10.3 (1) 9.4 7.7 (1) (1) 8.4 11.0 5.0 8.0 (1) 18.3 (1) 9.0 4.9 (1) (1) 8.9 4.1 5.0 8.0 (1) 6.3 (1) 6.7 5.9 (1) (1) 6.9 5.5 (1) 2.0 (1) 6.7 (1) 5.4 5.3 (1) (1) 6.2 1.4 5.0 5.0 (1) 2.6 (1) 1.3 1.0 (1) (1) .9 (1) 5.0 1.0 (1) See footnotes at end of table. 73 Table 15. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued Total employed Population group and State Managerial and professional specialty Technical, sales, and administrative support Executive, TechniNumber Profesadministracians and (In thou- Percent sional tive, and related sands) specialty managerial support Sales Operators, fabricators, and laborers Handlers, Precision Farming, equipService producAdminiMachine forestry, ment Transporoccupation, strative operators, and fishcraft, and tation and cleaners, tions support, asseming material helpers, repair including blers, and and moving clerical inspectors laborers Hispanic origin Alabama ....................... Alaska ........................... Arizona ......................... Arkansas ....................... California ...................... Colorado ....................... Connecticut ................... Delaware ...................... District of Columbia ...... Florida ........................... 20 7 535 17 4,130 281 132 14 16 1,158 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 5.0 (1) 8.2 5.9 6.8 7.1 6.8 7.1 12.5 11.1 10.0 14.3 5.0 11.8 5.8 7.8 6.8 7.1 12.5 9.7 5.0 (1) 2.6 (1) 1.8 2.5 2.3 (1) 6.3 3.5 20.0 14.3 11.2 (1) 8.7 10.7 9.8 (1) 6.3 12.6 5.0 14.3 12.0 11.8 12.0 14.6 10.6 14.3 6.3 15.1 20.0 28.6 20.9 17.6 19.4 16.7 21.2 35.7 37.5 18.0 5.0 14.3 14.4 17.6 12.7 17.4 17.4 14.3 6.3 11.9 20.0 (1) 6.4 23.5 11.5 4.6 15.9 14.3 (1) 4.4 (1) (1) 4.3 (1) 5.1 4.6 2.3 (1) 6.3 4.4 10.0 14.3 6.2 5.9 7.1 9.6 6.8 (1) 6.3 5.6 5.0 (1) 8.8 5.9 9.2 3.9 (1) (1) (1) 3.8 Georgia ......................... Hawaii ........................... Idaho ............................. Illinois ............................ Indiana .......................... Iowa .............................. Kansas .......................... Kentucky ....................... Louisiana ...................... 101 16 57 529 63 34 58 16 47 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10.9 6.3 3.5 7.4 4.8 2.9 6.9 6.3 17.0 8.9 6.3 3.5 4.9 12.7 8.8 5.2 31.3 10.6 (1) (1) (1) 2.1 1.6 (1) 1.7 (1) 2.1 9.9 12.5 5.3 6.8 12.7 2.9 10.3 6.3 17.0 7.9 6.3 5.3 11.9 4.8 2.9 15.5 6.3 10.6 9.9 31.3 14.0 16.4 17.5 20.6 15.5 18.8 14.9 20.8 12.5 12.3 13.0 14.3 23.5 19.0 6.3 14.9 13.9 (1) 15.8 19.3 17.5 17.6 10.3 6.3 2.1 4.0 (1) 5.3 5.3 3.2 2.9 1.7 (1) 6.4 6.9 6.3 14.0 9.3 7.9 5.9 8.6 6.3 2.1 5.9 12.5 19.3 3.6 3.2 5.9 5.2 12.5 2.1 Maryland ....................... Massachusetts .............. Michigan ....................... Minnesota ..................... Mississippi .................... Missouri ........................ Montana ........................ Nebraska ...................... Nevada ......................... New Hampshire ............ 116 130 143 57 14 34 8 29 129 8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 11.2 4.6 6.3 8.8 (1) 14.7 12.5 10.3 3.9 12.5 16.4 10.8 6.3 7.0 21.4 5.9 (1) 6.9 2.3 12.5 .9 .8 .7 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1.6 (1) 6.9 6.2 7.0 5.3 (1) 20.6 12.5 6.9 10.1 12.5 8.6 10.8 11.2 5.3 14.3 (1) 12.5 10.3 9.3 (1) 21.6 36.2 26.6 43.9 21.4 11.8 25.0 17.2 35.7 25.0 16.4 9.2 10.5 8.8 14.3 11.8 12.5 17.2 14.7 (1) 5.2 14.6 16.1 17.5 14.3 14.7 (1) 17.2 5.4 12.5 1.7 1.5 4.9 3.5 (1) 5.9 (1) 3.4 3.9 (1) 6.9 4.6 6.3 1.8 7.1 11.8 (1) 10.3 9.3 12.5 5.2 .8 4.2 (1) (1) 2.9 12.5 (1) 4.7 (1) New Jersey ................... New Mexico .................. New York ...................... North Carolina .............. North Dakota ................ Ohio .............................. Oklahoma ..................... Oregon .......................... Pennsylvania ................ Rhode Island ................ 437 290 1,101 108 2 72 48 125 116 27 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 8.5 8.3 9.7 2.8 (1) 8.3 6.3 6.4 6.9 7.4 8.0 8.6 6.4 4.6 (1) 6.9 8.3 3.2 9.5 3.7 2.3 2.4 2.0 1.9 (1) 1.4 2.1 1.6 2.6 (1) 8.9 10.0 10.0 5.6 (1) 9.7 8.3 4.8 7.8 3.7 15.6 14.5 14.5 1.9 (1) 12.5 10.4 8.0 18.1 14.8 18.8 19.7 26.0 12.0 50.0 18.1 20.8 17.6 14.7 11.1 9.4 15.2 8.7 22.2 (1) 12.5 10.4 9.6 11.2 14.8 15.8 4.5 8.7 14.8 (1) 18.1 10.4 15.2 14.7 29.6 6.4 5.9 5.4 2.8 (1) 6.9 4.2 2.4 2.6 3.7 5.7 5.5 7.5 10.2 (1) 4.2 12.5 6.4 6.0 7.4 .9 5.2 1.2 20.4 (1) 1.4 6.3 24.0 5.2 (1) South Carolina .............. South Dakota ................ Tennessee .................... Texas ............................ Utah .............................. Vermont ........................ Virginia .......................... Washington ................... Wisconsin ..................... Wyoming ....................... 15 5 19 2,695 62 2 106 127 48 11 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 13.3 (1) (1) 7.3 6.5 (1) 7.5 6.3 8.3 (1) (1) (1) 15.8 6.9 6.5 50.0 6.6 5.5 6.3 9.1 (1) (1) 5.3 2.3 3.2 (1) 4.7 2.4 2.1 (1) 6.7 20.0 (1) 9.9 8.1 (1) 8.5 4.7 6.3 (1) 13.3 (1) 21.1 12.7 8.1 (1) 14.2 11.8 8.3 9.1 26.7 (1) 15.8 19.6 14.5 (1) 33.0 19.7 12.5 18.2 13.3 20.0 15.8 16.6 24.2 (1) 14.2 13.4 18.8 18.2 26.7 20.0 15.8 8.2 12.9 (1) 1.9 4.7 16.7 9.1 (1) (1) (1) 5.4 3.2 (1) .9 1.6 8.3 9.1 (1) 20.0 (1) 6.9 9.7 (1) 7.5 7.1 12.5 9.1 (1) 20.0 5.3 4.3 1.6 (1) 1.9 23.6 (1) 9.1 1 Less than 500 persons employed or less than 0.05 percent of total employed. NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals because of rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the defaultother racesdefault group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. 74 Table 16. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by industry, 1998 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Nonagricultural industries Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers Manufacturing Employment status and State Total2 Total3 Total4 Construction Total Durable goods Transportation, communications, Nondurable and public utiligoods ties Trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services5 Government Agriculture CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Alabama ................................. 2,144 Alaska ..................................... 316 Arizona ................................... 2,266 Arkansas ................................. 1,208 California ................................ 16,232 Colorado ................................. 2,241 Connecticut ............................. 1,703 Delaware ................................ 392 District of Columbia ................ 265 Florida ..................................... 7,207 2,082 311 2,182 1,152 15,396 2,181 1,676 382 262 6,980 1,633 199 1,744 897 11,712 1,692 1,380 307 179 5,691 132 21 172 61 716 146 75 22 8 488 406 10 267 226 2,314 248 325 50 6 608 222 (6) 199 114 1,467 150 218 16 (6) 372 184 7 68 112 847 98 107 33 6 235 83 26 115 66 816 123 96 21 13 475 444 58 492 255 3,068 430 277 76 34 1,646 109 11 146 50 848 142 142 43 12 536 447 65 545 235 3,922 589 464 95 105 1,933 313 76 293 164 2,165 314 187 53 69 886 (6) (6) 70 45 608 6 ( ) (6) (6) (6) 164 Georgia ................................... Hawaii ..................................... Idaho ....................................... Illinois ...................................... Indiana .................................... Iowa ........................................ Kansas .................................... Kentucky ................................. Louisiana ................................ Maine ...................................... 4,002 593 651 6,206 3,084 1,568 1,409 1,916 2,044 649 3,883 565 603 6,073 3,001 1,462 1,337 1,855 1,977 627 3,067 413 444 5,055 2,508 1,149 1,002 1,494 1,519 481 221 32 40 294 150 69 65 126 116 28 738 19 104 1,115 774 260 213 319 229 106 340 (6) 58 668 600 141 129 193 85 51 398 16 46 448 174 119 84 127 144 55 312 47 31 407 168 66 73 118 112 25 746 127 123 1,235 579 317 250 402 423 133 214 35 24 425 167 97 70 86 87 35 831 153 118 1,572 666 337 322 416 481 154 581 108 104 717 313 204 224 259 311 79 85 25 41 96 6 ( ) 98 63 46 45 6 ( ) Maryland ................................. Massachusetts ........................ Michigan ................................. Minnesota ............................... Mississippi .............................. Missouri .................................. Montana .................................. Nebraska ................................ Nevada ................................... New Hampshire ...................... 2,748 3,267 5,014 2,679 1,260 2,849 466 915 918 652 2,683 3,203 4,882 2,560 1,209 2,748 429 826 898 639 1,888 2,592 4,052 2,012 924 2,192 291 653 735 507 174 140 241 116 70 163 22 38 74 6 ( ) 195 501 1,206 408 244 409 32 106 48 133 107 315 949 259 133 228 24 53 28 99 88 186 257 149 111 181 8 53 6 ( ) 33 115 144 182 130 73 174 23 51 45 29 464 622 1,009 539 221 563 97 187 171 125 204 217 239 159 55 156 16 64 49 36 737 965 1,174 650 243 720 97 206 338 158 624 374 564 359 206 387 81 123 105 82 (6) (6) 94 102 41 90 34 85 6 ( ) 6 ( ) New Jersey ............................. New Mexico ............................ New York ................................ North Carolina ........................ North Dakota .......................... Ohio ........................................ Oklahoma ............................... Oregon .................................... Pennsylvania .......................... Rhode Island .......................... 4,136 826 8,828 3,786 346 5,658 1,623 1,758 5,909 496 4,071 791 8,626 3,656 304 5,524 1,558 1,672 5,770 489 3,318 544 6,639 2,920 225 4,534 1,170 1,271 4,747 408 186 47 361 201 16 241 72 89 254 20 562 53 1,013 857 25 1,167 212 290 1,029 100 242 35 541 420 15 774 137 200 605 66 319 18 473 437 (6) 393 76 90 425 34 289 42 511 178 17 267 91 85 333 16 797 160 1,682 716 73 1,183 332 335 1,128 101 313 36 703 178 14 295 71 82 333 34 1,168 184 2,362 784 78 1,357 353 390 1,655 135 546 169 1,466 498 57 672 264 235 634 55 39 30 98 112 40 106 55 74 107 (6) South Carolina ........................ 1,953 South Dakota .......................... 397 Tennessee .............................. 2,752 Texas ...................................... 10,069 Utah ........................................ 1,060 Vermont .................................. 330 Virginia .................................... 3,476 Washington ............................. 3,031 West Virginia .......................... 793 Wisconsin ............................... 2,946 Wyoming ................................. 257 1,904 359 2,675 9,644 1,030 318 3,397 2,906 772 2,869 237 1,490 261 2,064 7,619 803 247 2,620 2,239 578 2,291 166 113 17 135 600 71 14 188 177 38 147 15 436 49 505 1,342 132 48 428 453 89 645 13 203 30 319 734 89 31 224 328 47 416 7 233 19 186 609 43 17 204 125 42 229 6 88 14 159 691 52 6 ( ) 198 159 47 116 16 386 79 510 2,034 220 63 636 604 165 564 49 91 24 150 520 61 14 239 148 34 173 8 374 79 601 2,285 252 96 923 691 179 641 44 304 67 366 1,348 157 36 585 452 134 386 50 (6) 36 (6) 330 (6) 6 ( ) (6) 103 (6) (6) 18 See footnotes at end of table. 75 Table 16. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by industry, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Nonagricultural industries Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers Manufacturing Employment status and State Total2 Total3 Total4 Construction Total Durable goods Transportation, communications, Nondurable and public utiligoods ties Trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services5 Government Agriculture EMPLOYED Alabama ................................. 2,062 Alaska ..................................... 299 Arizona ................................... 2,178 Arkansas ................................. 1,148 California ................................ 15,361 Colorado ................................. 2,159 Connecticut ............................. 1,652 Delaware ................................ 377 District of Columbia ................ 244 Florida ..................................... 6,918 2,003 295 2,103 1,096 14,601 2,103 1,627 369 241 6,708 1,562 186 1,676 846 11,006 1,623 1,334 295 162 5,446 124 19 165 55 642 140 67 21 6 464 386 9 258 213 2,179 241 318 48 6 583 213 (6) 193 108 1,396 146 213 15 (6) 356 173 6 65 105 782 95 106 32 6 227 81 25 113 64 783 119 95 21 12 457 421 53 466 237 2,850 410 265 73 28 1,565 108 11 143 49 819 138 139 42 11 522 431 61 523 225 3,706 564 447 91 99 1,850 306 73 287 161 2,110 307 186 52 65 869 (6) (6) 64 42 552 6 ( ) (6) (6) (6) 155 Georgia ................................... Hawaii ..................................... Idaho ....................................... Illinois ...................................... Indiana .................................... Iowa ........................................ Kansas .................................... Kentucky ................................. Louisiana ................................ Maine ...................................... 3,852 560 620 5,946 2,993 1,526 1,357 1,835 1,945 622 3,743 535 576 5,824 2,910 1,423 1,287 1,777 1,887 601 2,947 387 421 4,829 2,423 1,116 958 1,425 1,437 459 207 27 36 274 137 66 61 116 104 26 708 17 98 1,078 756 254 204 306 219 102 329 (6) 55 651 587 137 125 185 81 49 379 15 43 427 169 116 80 121 138 53 304 45 30 389 165 65 72 115 109 24 711 118 117 1,161 550 304 237 380 399 127 211 34 24 417 164 96 68 85 84 34 801 145 112 1,504 646 328 307 398 455 147 565 105 100 705 310 200 219 252 307 76 78 22 39 88 6 ( ) 97 62 44 39 6 ( ) Maryland ................................. Massachusetts ........................ Michigan ................................. Minnesota ............................... Mississippi .............................. Missouri .................................. Montana .................................. Nebraska ................................ Nevada ................................... New Hampshire ...................... 2,631 3,164 4,835 2,613 1,200 2,738 442 892 880 633 2,567 3,104 4,714 2,500 1,153 2,641 406 804 861 621 1,790 2,504 3,903 1,960 872 2,093 272 633 702 491 166 130 223 109 63 153 19 37 70 6 ( ) 185 484 1,169 399 233 391 30 103 46 129 101 305 922 253 130 220 22 52 27 97 84 179 247 146 103 171 8 51 6 ( ) 32 111 139 175 127 70 168 22 50 44 29 433 595 966 521 203 535 90 180 161 120 195 214 235 158 54 153 15 64 47 35 700 938 1,134 636 232 687 93 199 325 153 612 366 552 354 203 380 78 122 102 82 (6) (6) 89 98 39 88 33 84 6 ( ) 6 ( ) New Jersey ............................. New Mexico ............................ New York ................................ North Carolina ........................ North Dakota .......................... Ohio ........................................ Oklahoma ............................... Oregon .................................... Pennsylvania .......................... Rhode Island .......................... 3,963 780 8,372 3,663 336 5,437 1,554 1,664 5,661 474 3,902 748 8,191 3,540 294 5,314 1,492 1,581 5,532 467 3,167 509 6,270 2,813 217 4,340 1,112 1,192 4,529 387 172 40 326 191 14 214 67 82 228 19 540 50 967 826 24 1,122 205 272 994 95 236 33 521 407 15 747 133 189 587 63 304 17 446 419 (6) 375 72 83 407 32 282 40 491 175 16 260 87 81 322 16 754 148 1,568 683 71 1,125 312 311 1,069 95 304 34 681 176 13 287 69 79 327 34 1,112 175 2,231 758 75 1,308 336 366 1,575 128 531 163 1,421 493 55 662 259 226 619 54 37 27 89 109 40 97 54 71 102 6 ( ) South Carolina ........................ South Dakota .......................... Tennessee .............................. Texas ...................................... Utah ........................................ Vermont .................................. Virginia .................................... Washington ............................. West Virginia .......................... Wisconsin ............................... Wyoming ................................. 1,884 386 2,644 9,631 1,023 319 3,386 2,895 747 2,853 246 1,837 349 2,573 9,226 994 308 3,312 2,777 728 2,779 227 1,430 253 1,970 7,243 772 238 2,545 2,130 539 2,209 157 105 15 126 564 68 13 182 161 31 137 13 421 47 486 1,293 127 47 420 434 83 632 12 197 30 309 712 86 31 220 316 43 408 6 225 18 177 582 41 16 201 118 40 224 6 85 13 153 665 51 6 ( ) 195 150 44 111 16 369 76 480 1,905 209 60 609 575 153 540 47 88 24 146 505 60 13 235 144 33 168 8 360 76 575 2,166 242 94 895 659 170 618 42 299 65 361 1,322 153 36 579 439 130 380 49 (6) 36 (6) 317 (6) 6 ( ) (6) 96 (6) (6) 17 See footnotes at end of table. 76 Table 16. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by industry, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Nonagricultural industries Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers Manufacturing Employment status and State Total2 Total3 Total4 Construction Total Durable goods Transportation, communications, Nondurable and public utiligoods ties Trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services5 Government Agriculture UNEMPLOYED Alabama ................................. Alaska ..................................... Arizona ................................... Arkansas ................................. California ................................ Colorado ................................. Connecticut ............................. Delaware ................................ District of Columbia ................ Florida ..................................... 82 18 88 60 871 81 51 14 22 289 79 17 79 55 795 78 49 13 21 271 71 14 69 51 706 68 47 12 16 245 9 2 7 6 74 7 8 1 2 24 20 1 9 13 135 7 7 2 7 ( ) 25 6 7 70 5 6 1 6 ( ) 17 11 1 4 7 65 2 1 1 7 ( ) 8 2 1 2 2 33 4 1 7 ( ) 1 18 23 4 26 18 218 21 12 4 5 81 Georgia ................................... Hawaii ..................................... Idaho ....................................... Illinois ...................................... Indiana .................................... Iowa ........................................ Kansas .................................... Kentucky ................................. Louisiana ................................ Maine ...................................... 150 33 31 260 92 42 52 81 99 27 140 30 28 249 90 39 50 78 90 25 120 26 24 226 85 34 44 69 82 21 14 5 4 19 13 3 4 10 11 2 30 2 6 37 18 6 9 14 11 4 11 (6) 3 17 13 4 5 8 4 2 19 2 3 21 5 2 4 5 7 2 7 2 1 18 2 2 1 4 3 1 36 8 6 74 28 13 12 22 25 6 Maryland ................................. Massachusetts ........................ Michigan ................................. Minnesota ............................... Mississippi .............................. Missouri .................................. Montana .................................. Nebraska ................................ Nevada ................................... New Hampshire ...................... 118 103 179 65 59 110 25 23 37 19 115 98 168 60 56 107 23 22 36 18 98 89 148 52 52 99 19 20 33 16 7 11 18 8 7 10 3 1 4 6 ( ) 10 16 36 9 12 17 2 4 2 4 5 10 27 6 4 8 2 2 1 2 4 7 10 3 8 10 (7) 2 (6) 1 4 5 7 3 2 6 1 New Jersey ............................. New Mexico ............................ New York ................................ North Carolina ........................ North Dakota .......................... Ohio ........................................ Oklahoma ............................... Oregon .................................... Pennsylvania .......................... Rhode Island .......................... 173 47 456 123 10 222 69 95 248 22 169 43 435 116 10 210 66 91 238 21 151 35 369 107 7 194 58 79 218 20 13 7 35 10 1 28 5 7 27 2 22 3 46 32 1 45 8 18 36 5 6 2 19 14 (7) 27 4 11 17 3 16 1 27 18 (6) 18 4 7 18 2 South Carolina ........................ South Dakota .......................... Tennessee .............................. Texas ...................................... Utah ........................................ Vermont .................................. Virginia .................................... Washington ............................. West Virginia .......................... Wisconsin ............................... Wyoming ................................. 69 11 108 438 38 11 90 136 46 94 12 66 10 102 418 36 10 86 128 44 90 11 59 8 93 376 31 9 75 110 39 82 9 9 1 9 36 3 1 6 16 7 11 2 15 2 19 49 4 1 7 19 6 13 1 6 1 10 22 3 1 4 12 4 8 (7) 8 1 9 27 1 1 3 7 2 5 (7) (6) See footnotes at end of table. 77 9 16 4 21 11 217 25 16 4 6 83 7 3 6 3 55 7 1 1 4 17 8 3 1 3 1 3 1 30 8 6 69 20 10 15 18 27 7 16 3 4 13 3 4 4 6 5 2 1 1 31 27 43 17 19 28 7 8 11 5 9 3 4 1 1 3 1 1 1 1 37 27 40 14 11 33 5 6 13 5 12 8 11 5 3 7 3 1 3 7 ( ) 8 1 20 3 1 7 3 4 11 1 43 12 114 33 2 58 20 23 59 5 9 2 22 2 (7) 7 2 3 6 (7) 56 9 131 27 2 49 17 24 80 7 14 6 46 4 2 10 5 9 15 (7) 3 17 2 30 129 11 4 27 28 11 24 3 3 13 2 26 119 10 2 28 32 9 23 3 5 2 5 27 4 1 7 13 3 7 1 (7) (7) 5 26 2 (6) 3 9 3 5 (7) (7) 1 3 1 29 4 3 1 1 14 (7) (7) 3 1 4 14 1 1 4 4 1 6 (7) (6) (6) 6 3 56 (6) 6 ( ) (6) (6) 9 (6) (6) 8 3 3 7 1 1 2 5 (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) 6 4 2 2 1 1 2 3 8 4 1 9 1 3 4 (6) 1 (6) 13 (6) 6 ( ) (6) 7 (6) (6) 1 Table 16. States: Employment status of the experienced1 civilian labor force by industry, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Nonagricultural industries Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers Manufacturing Employment status and State Total2 Total3 Total4 Construction Total Durable goods Transportation, communications, Nondurable and public utiligoods ties Trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services5 Government Agriculture UNEMPLOYMENT RATE Alabama ................................. Alaska ..................................... Arizona ................................... Arkansas ................................. California ................................ Colorado ................................. Connecticut ............................. Delaware ................................ District of Columbia ................ Florida ..................................... 3.8 5.5 3.9 5.0 5.4 3.6 3.0 3.7 8.3 4.0 3.8 5.4 3.7 4.8 5.2 3.6 2.9 3.5 8.2 3.9 4.3 6.7 4.0 5.7 6.0 4.0 3.4 4.0 9.3 4.3 6.5 11.7 4.0 9.7 10.3 4.5 10.2 6.1 23.5 4.9 4.9 10.1 3.6 5.9 5.9 2.9 2.1 4.0 4.5 4.1 4.0 (6) 2.9 5.9 4.8 3.2 2.6 6.0 (6) 4.5 5.9 9.5 5.4 5.9 7.7 2.5 1.0 3.0 4.6 3.5 2.9 3.6 1.7 2.6 4.0 3.2 1.4 2.0 9.5 3.7 5.1 7.6 5.3 7.2 7.1 4.8 4.3 5.1 15.5 4.9 .5 2.1 2.3 1.5 3.4 2.6 1.9 2.2 11.8 2.6 3.6 5.7 4.0 4.5 5.5 4.3 3.5 3.9 6.2 4.3 2.2 3.4 2.1 2.1 2.6 2.4 .5 1.9 5.6 1.9 (6) (6) 8.8 6.1 9.2 (6) (6) (6) (6) 5.7 Georgia ................................... Hawaii ..................................... Idaho ....................................... Illinois ...................................... Indiana .................................... Iowa ........................................ Kansas .................................... Kentucky ................................. Louisiana ................................ Maine ...................................... 3.7 5.7 4.8 4.2 3.0 2.7 3.7 4.2 4.8 4.2 3.6 5.4 4.6 4.1 3.0 2.7 3.8 4.1 4.5 4.1 3.9 6.3 5.3 4.5 3.4 2.9 4.4 4.6 5.4 4.5 6.3 15.5 10.2 6.7 8.7 4.3 6.1 7.7 9.7 7.2 4.0 8.6 5.7 3.4 2.3 2.3 4.2 4.2 4.6 3.7 3.3 (6) 4.8 2.5 2.2 2.7 3.7 4.2 4.5 4.1 4.7 9.5 6.8 4.7 2.9 1.8 5.1 4.2 4.6 3.4 2.4 5.1 3.6 4.5 1.5 2.6 1.5 3.1 3.0 3.2 4.8 6.5 4.9 6.1 4.9 4.0 5.0 5.5 5.8 4.7 1.6 3.1 1.9 2.0 1.7 .5 3.7 1.6 3.9 2.5 3.6 5.0 4.7 4.4 3.0 2.9 4.7 4.2 5.5 4.8 2.8 3.0 3.6 1.8 .9 2.0 1.9 2.4 1.5 3.1 9.1 10.7 6.8 7.9 (6) 1.0 2.1 4.5 12.0 (6) Maryland ................................. Massachusetts ........................ Michigan ................................. Minnesota ............................... Mississippi .............................. Missouri .................................. Montana .................................. Nebraska ................................ Nevada ................................... New Hampshire ...................... 4.3 3.2 3.5 2.4 4.7 3.9 5.3 2.5 4.1 2.9 4.3 3.1 3.4 2.3 4.6 3.9 5.4 2.7 4.0 2.8 5.2 3.4 3.6 2.6 5.6 4.5 6.5 3.1 4.4 3.2 4.2 7.6 7.5 6.6 9.8 6.3 14.9 3.5 5.5 (6) 5.0 3.3 3.0 2.3 4.7 4.3 6.8 3.5 4.2 2.7 5.1 3.1 2.8 2.5 2.9 3.4 7.8 3.7 4.5 2.3 4.8 3.5 3.8 1.9 6.9 5.3 3.8 3.3 (6) 4.0 3.4 3.3 3.6 2.1 3.0 3.7 4.1 .8 2.1 2.1 6.7 4.3 4.2 3.2 8.4 5.0 7.2 4.2 6.2 4.0 4.6 1.3 1.8 .7 2.0 2.1 3.7 .8 2.7 2.2 5.0 2.8 3.4 2.1 4.4 4.6 4.8 3.1 3.9 3.3 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.4 1.6 1.8 3.7 1.2 2.4 .6 (6) (6) 6.1 3.7 3.8 2.4 3.5 1.1 (6) (6) New Jersey ............................. New Mexico ............................ New York ................................ North Carolina ........................ North Dakota .......................... Ohio ........................................ Oklahoma ............................... Oregon .................................... Pennsylvania .......................... Rhode Island .......................... 4.2 5.6 5.2 3.2 3.0 3.9 4.3 5.3 4.2 4.4 4.2 5.4 5.1 3.2 3.1 3.8 4.2 5.4 4.1 4.4 4.6 6.4 5.6 3.7 3.2 4.3 5.0 6.1 4.6 5.0 7.3 14.3 9.8 5.2 7.5 11.4 7.5 7.8 10.4 8.5 3.9 5.6 4.6 3.7 2.4 3.8 3.7 6.0 3.5 4.8 2.5 4.7 3.6 3.3 2.7 3.4 2.9 5.2 2.9 4.7 5.0 7.2 5.7 4.1 (6) 4.6 5.1 7.7 4.2 5.1 2.8 2.9 4.0 2.0 5.4 2.6 3.8 4.6 3.2 5.0 5.5 7.7 6.8 4.6 2.9 4.9 6.1 6.9 5.2 5.2 2.9 4.8 3.1 .9 1.6 2.4 3.0 4.0 1.9 1.1 4.8 4.9 5.6 3.4 2.8 3.6 4.9 6.0 4.9 5.4 2.6 3.5 3.1 .9 3.5 1.5 1.8 3.6 2.3 .8 5.4 9.3 8.5 3.2 1.5 8.1 2.5 3.5 4.1 (6) South Carolina ........................ South Dakota .......................... Tennessee .............................. Texas ...................................... Utah ........................................ Vermont .................................. Virginia .................................... Washington ............................. West Virginia .......................... Wisconsin ............................... Wyoming ................................. 3.6 2.6 3.9 4.4 3.5 3.3 2.6 4.5 5.8 3.2 4.5 3.5 2.7 3.8 4.3 3.5 3.1 2.5 4.4 5.7 3.2 4.5 4.0 3.0 4.5 4.9 3.9 3.6 2.9 4.9 6.7 3.6 5.6 7.9 7.3 6.6 6.0 4.6 7.1 3.3 9.0 18.5 7.4 14.4 3.4 3.1 3.8 3.7 3.1 2.9 1.7 4.2 6.3 2.0 4.1 3.0 2.2 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.2 1.7 3.7 7.7 1.9 4.7 3.7 4.6 4.9 4.5 3.1 4.1 1.6 5.6 4.8 2.3 3.5 3.4 1.0 3.2 3.8 2.9 (6) 1.7 5.9 7.2 4.1 3.0 4.5 3.0 5.9 6.3 4.9 5.6 4.2 4.7 7.0 4.3 5.4 2.8 .8 2.6 2.8 1.8 4.7 1.6 2.7 3.2 3.4 1.4 3.6 3.0 4.3 5.2 3.9 2.0 3.1 4.6 5.1 3.5 5.8 1.7 2.4 1.5 2.0 2.5 1.4 1.1 2.9 2.6 1.7 2.4 (6) 1.5 (6) 3.8 (6) (6) (6) 6.5 (6) (6) 3.5 1 Excludes persons with no previous work experience. 2 Includes private household workers, self-employed and unpaid family 6 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample in that area. See appendix B. 7 Less than 500 persons. NOTE: Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed rates because of rounding. workers, and mining. 3 Includes self-employed and unpaid family workers and mining. 4 Includes mining. 5 Excludes private household workers. 78 Table 17. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and industry, 1998 annual averages Total employed1 Nonagricultural industries Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers Manufacturing Population group and State Number (In thou- Percent sands) Total2 Total3 Construction Total Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation, communications, and public utilities Trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services4 Government Agriculture TOTAL Alabama ....................... 2,062 Alaska ........................... 299 Arizona ......................... 2,178 Arkansas ....................... 1,148 California ...................... 15,361 Colorado ....................... 2,159 Connecticut ................... 1,652 Delaware ...................... 377 District of Columbia ...... 244 Florida ........................... 6,918 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.1 98.7 96.6 95.5 95.1 97.4 98.5 97.9 98.8 97.0 75.8 62.2 77.0 73.7 71.6 75.2 80.8 78.2 66.4 78.7 6.0 6.4 7.6 4.8 4.2 6.5 4.1 5.6 2.5 6.7 18.7 3.0 11.8 18.6 14.2 11.2 19.2 12.7 2.5 8.4 10.3 1.0 8.9 9.4 9.1 6.8 12.9 4.0 .4 5.1 8.4 2.0 3.0 9.1 5.1 4.4 6.4 8.5 2.5 3.3 3.9 8.4 5.2 5.6 5.1 5.5 5.8 5.6 4.9 6.6 20.4 17.7 21.4 20.6 18.6 19.0 16.0 19.4 11.5 22.6 5.2 3.7 6.6 4.3 5.3 6.4 8.4 11.1 4.5 7.5 20.9 20.4 24.0 19.6 24.1 26.1 27.1 24.1 40.6 26.7 14.8 24.4 13.2 14.0 13.7 14.2 11.3 13.8 26.6 12.6 2.2 1.0 2.9 3.7 3.6 2.1 1.0 1.9 .4 2.2 Georgia ......................... Hawaii ........................... Idaho ............................. Illinois ............................ Indiana .......................... Iowa .............................. Kansas .......................... Kentucky ....................... Louisiana ...................... Maine ............................ 3,852 560 620 5,946 2,993 1,526 1,357 1,835 1,945 622 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.2 95.5 92.9 97.9 97.2 93.3 94.8 96.8 97.0 96.6 76.5 69.1 67.9 81.2 81.0 73.1 70.6 77.7 73.9 73.8 5.4 4.8 5.8 4.6 4.6 4.3 4.5 6.3 5.3 4.2 18.4 3.0 15.8 18.1 25.3 16.6 15.0 16.7 11.3 16.4 8.5 .5 8.9 10.9 19.6 9.0 9.2 10.1 4.2 7.9 9.8 2.7 6.9 7.2 5.6 7.6 5.9 6.6 7.1 8.5 7.9 8.0 4.8 6.5 5.5 4.3 5.3 6.3 5.6 3.9 18.5 21.1 18.9 19.5 18.4 19.9 17.5 20.7 20.5 20.4 5.5 6.1 3.9 7.0 5.5 6.3 5.0 4.6 4.3 5.5 20.8 25.9 18.1 25.3 21.6 21.5 22.6 21.7 23.4 23.6 14.7 18.8 16.1 11.9 10.4 13.1 16.1 13.7 15.8 12.2 2.0 3.9 6.3 1.5 2.4 6.4 4.6 2.4 2.0 2.6 Maryland ....................... Massachusetts .............. Michigan ....................... Minnesota ..................... Mississippi .................... Missouri ........................ Montana ........................ Nebraska ...................... Nevada ......................... New Hampshire ............ 2,631 3,164 4,835 2,613 1,200 2,738 442 892 880 633 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.6 98.1 97.5 95.7 96.1 96.5 91.9 90.1 97.8 98.1 68.0 79.1 80.7 75.0 72.7 76.4 61.5 71.0 79.8 77.6 6.3 4.1 4.6 4.2 5.3 5.6 4.3 4.1 8.0 3.9 7.0 15.3 24.2 15.3 19.4 14.3 6.8 11.5 5.2 20.4 3.8 9.6 19.1 9.7 10.8 8.0 5.0 5.8 3.1 15.3 3.2 5.7 5.1 5.6 8.6 6.2 1.8 5.7 2.2 5.1 4.2 4.4 3.6 4.9 5.8 6.1 5.0 5.6 5.0 4.6 16.5 18.8 20.0 19.9 16.9 19.5 20.4 20.2 18.3 19.0 7.4 6.8 4.9 6.0 4.5 5.6 3.4 7.2 5.3 5.5 26.6 29.6 23.5 24.3 19.3 25.1 21.0 22.3 36.9 24.2 23.3 11.6 11.4 13.5 16.9 13.9 17.6 13.7 11.6 13.0 1.6 1.3 1.8 3.8 3.3 3.2 7.5 9.4 1.5 1.4 New Jersey ................... New Mexico .................. New York ...................... North Carolina .............. North Dakota ................ Ohio .............................. Oklahoma ..................... Oregon .......................... Pennsylvania ................ Rhode Island ................ 3,963 780 8,372 3,663 336 5,437 1,554 1,664 5,661 474 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.5 95.9 97.8 96.6 87.5 97.7 96.0 95.0 97.7 98.5 79.9 65.3 74.9 76.8 64.6 79.8 71.6 71.6 80.0 81.6 4.3 5.1 3.9 5.2 4.2 3.9 4.3 4.9 4.0 4.0 13.6 6.4 11.6 22.5 7.1 20.6 13.2 16.3 17.6 20.0 6.0 4.2 6.2 11.1 4.5 13.7 8.6 11.4 10.4 13.3 7.7 2.2 5.3 11.4 2.7 6.9 4.6 5.0 7.2 6.8 7.1 5.1 5.9 4.8 4.8 4.8 5.6 4.9 5.7 3.4 19.0 19.0 18.7 18.6 21.1 20.7 20.1 18.7 18.9 20.0 7.7 4.4 8.1 4.8 3.9 5.3 4.4 4.7 5.8 7.2 28.1 22.4 26.6 20.7 22.3 24.1 21.6 22.0 27.8 27.0 13.4 20.9 17.0 13.5 16.4 12.2 16.7 13.6 10.9 11.4 .9 3.5 1.1 3.0 11.9 1.8 3.5 4.3 1.8 .8 South Carolina .............. South Dakota ................ Tennessee .................... Texas ............................ Utah .............................. Vermont ........................ Virginia .......................... Washington ................... West Virginia ................ Wisconsin ..................... Wyoming ....................... 1,884 386 2,644 9,631 1,023 319 3,386 2,895 747 2,853 246 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.5 90.4 97.3 95.8 97.2 96.6 97.8 95.9 97.5 97.4 92.3 75.9 65.5 74.5 75.2 75.5 74.6 75.2 73.6 72.2 77.4 63.8 5.6 3.9 4.8 5.9 6.6 4.1 5.4 5.6 4.1 4.8 5.3 22.3 12.2 18.4 13.4 12.4 14.7 12.4 15.0 11.1 22.2 4.9 10.5 7.8 11.7 7.4 8.4 9.7 6.5 10.9 5.8 14.3 2.4 11.9 4.7 6.7 6.0 4.0 5.0 5.9 4.1 5.4 7.9 2.4 4.5 3.4 5.8 6.9 5.0 3.1 5.8 5.2 5.9 3.9 6.5 19.6 19.7 18.2 19.8 20.4 18.8 18.0 19.9 20.5 18.9 19.1 4.7 6.2 5.5 5.2 5.9 4.1 6.9 5.0 4.4 5.9 3.3 19.1 19.7 21.7 22.5 23.7 29.5 26.4 22.8 22.8 21.7 17.1 15.9 16.8 13.7 13.7 15.0 11.3 17.1 15.2 17.4 13.3 19.9 1.9 9.3 2.3 3.3 2.3 2.8 1.6 3.3 1.2 2.3 6.9 See footnotes at end of table. 79 Table 17. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and industry, 1998 annual averages — Continued Total employed1 Nonagricultural industries Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers Manufacturing Population group and State Number (In thou- Percent sands) Total2 Total3 Construction Total Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation, communications, and public utilities Trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services4 Government Agriculture Men Alabama ....................... Alaska ........................... Arizona ......................... Arkansas ....................... California ...................... Colorado ....................... Connecticut ................... Delaware ...................... District of Columbia ...... Florida ........................... 1,119 161 1,193 603 8,565 1,161 872 199 120 3,703 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 96.7 98.8 95.6 94.7 94.6 97.1 98.6 98.0 100.0 96.6 76.4 62.7 77.4 74.6 72.9 76.1 80.5 78.4 70.0 79.0 9.7 9.9 12.0 8.1 6.8 10.4 7.0 9.5 3.3 11.2 23.1 3.1 15.2 22.1 16.8 14.0 24.2 16.1 3.3 10.4 14.7 1.2 11.3 12.1 11.4 8.4 16.4 6.5 (5) 6.8 8.5 1.9 3.9 10.0 5.5 5.6 7.8 9.5 2.5 3.7 5.3 9.9 6.2 7.8 6.3 7.0 7.7 7.5 5.8 8.3 19.1 17.4 20.5 20.4 18.8 18.8 17.7 17.6 14.2 23.0 3.7 2.5 5.2 2.7 4.1 4.6 7.1 8.5 5.8 5.1 14.6 16.1 17.9 13.1 19.9 20.4 16.9 19.1 36.7 20.8 12.1 23.6 11.5 11.4 10.8 13.4 10.4 12.6 24.2 10.7 3.1 1.2 4.4 5.3 5.2 2.8 1.3 2.0 (5) 3.2 Georgia ......................... Hawaii ........................... Idaho ............................. Illinois ............................ Indiana .......................... Iowa .............................. Kansas .......................... Kentucky ....................... Louisiana ...................... Maine ............................ 2,010 277 346 3,160 1,592 816 723 986 1,042 328 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.1 93.9 91.6 98.0 96.6 90.4 93.5 96.1 97.0 96.0 79.5 68.6 70.5 82.4 81.7 71.9 72.2 79.4 76.0 73.5 9.6 8.7 9.5 7.9 7.7 7.5 7.7 10.8 9.1 7.0 22.2 4.0 19.7 23.4 31.9 21.6 19.9 21.0 15.8 22.0 11.3 .7 11.8 15.0 25.4 12.4 13.3 13.3 6.5 11.9 10.9 3.2 7.8 8.4 6.5 9.2 6.6 7.7 9.3 10.1 10.4 10.5 6.4 8.5 7.1 5.5 6.9 9.1 7.6 5.8 18.5 19.5 18.5 18.6 17.1 19.7 16.7 18.5 19.1 19.8 4.4 4.3 2.6 5.5 3.2 4.2 3.7 3.0 2.6 3.4 14.2 21.7 13.0 18.2 14.4 13.1 16.5 14.6 16.2 15.5 10.6 17.3 13.3 10.2 8.7 10.9 12.9 10.8 12.3 10.4 2.8 6.1 8.4 2.0 3.3 9.4 6.4 3.7 2.8 3.7 Maryland ....................... Massachusetts .............. Michigan ....................... Minnesota ..................... Mississippi .................... Missouri ........................ Montana ........................ Nebraska ...................... Nevada ......................... New Hampshire ............ 1,380 1,661 2,624 1,380 634 1,460 235 471 484 334 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.3 98.2 97.1 94.1 95.6 95.3 89.8 86.2 97.9 98.2 70.4 79.2 83.2 75.8 75.1 77.2 59.1 69.6 82.0 79.3 10.7 7.0 7.7 7.2 9.5 9.3 7.2 7.0 13.2 6.9 9.5 19.8 33.2 19.6 23.7 18.2 9.4 15.5 7.0 25.7 5.7 13.1 27.1 13.2 14.5 10.5 7.2 7.9 4.3 18.9 3.8 6.7 6.1 6.4 9.1 7.7 2.1 7.6 2.7 6.9 5.7 5.5 4.5 5.9 9.0 8.7 7.2 7.4 6.0 6.6 17.2 18.8 18.7 20.5 15.0 20.1 19.6 19.5 17.8 18.9 6.4 5.6 3.3 4.1 2.7 3.4 1.7 5.7 3.3 4.2 20.9 22.2 15.7 17.8 12.6 17.2 13.2 14.2 32.9 16.5 20.4 10.4 8.3 10.9 13.1 11.7 16.6 10.8 9.3 9.9 2.5 1.6 2.8 5.7 4.3 4.7 9.8 13.6 1.9 1.8 New Jersey ................... New Mexico .................. New York ...................... North Carolina .............. North Dakota ................ Ohio .............................. Oklahoma ..................... Oregon .......................... Pennsylvania ................ Rhode Island ................ 2,106 420 4,483 1,968 175 2,868 838 917 2,996 246 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.7 95.0 98.4 95.7 81.7 97.5 95.3 94.0 97.8 98.8 81.2 66.7 76.2 77.4 61.1 80.8 72.2 73.2 79.5 81.3 7.7 8.6 6.6 9.0 7.4 6.6 7.5 7.9 7.0 6.5 17.0 8.1 13.4 26.2 9.7 28.5 17.8 21.9 23.0 24.8 8.2 5.7 8.1 14.0 6.9 20.2 11.8 16.1 14.9 16.7 8.9 2.4 5.3 12.1 2.9 8.3 5.8 5.8 8.1 8.1 9.5 6.7 8.0 6.9 6.9 6.8 7.6 6.2 7.8 4.9 19.7 18.6 20.2 18.0 20.0 18.4 19.3 17.9 17.8 19.9 6.9 2.4 7.4 3.1 2.3 3.5 2.4 2.8 4.2 4.9 20.1 17.6 20.5 14.0 13.1 16.2 14.0 16.5 19.3 19.9 11.4 18.3 15.2 10.2 13.7 10.7 14.2 10.9 9.8 10.2 1.2 4.8 1.5 4.3 17.7 2.3 4.7 5.9 2.2 1.2 South Carolina .............. South Dakota ................ Tennessee .................... Texas ............................ Utah .............................. Vermont ........................ Virginia .......................... Washington ................... West Virginia ................ Wisconsin ..................... Wyoming ....................... 969 204 1,389 5,358 560 167 1,834 1,582 401 1,511 134 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.4 86.8 96.8 95.3 96.4 95.8 98.0 95.2 98.3 96.6 91.8 80.0 63.2 73.9 77.0 77.3 73.1 77.0 75.2 74.8 77.8 67.9 9.9 6.9 8.1 9.4 11.1 7.2 9.1 9.2 7.0 8.3 8.2 28.9 14.2 22.4 17.7 15.5 18.6 15.2 20.2 15.2 28.7 6.7 14.7 9.3 14.8 10.2 11.4 13.2 8.5 15.3 8.7 19.6 3.7 14.2 4.9 7.6 7.5 4.1 5.4 6.7 5.0 6.5 9.1 3.0 6.4 4.4 8.0 8.7 5.7 4.2 7.6 6.9 8.5 5.1 9.7 18.0 20.1 17.7 19.1 18.8 18.0 18.9 18.2 19.7 17.8 17.2 3.7 4.4 3.2 3.6 5.0 3.0 4.9 3.8 2.0 3.3 1.5 12.9 11.8 14.3 16.4 19.1 21.6 20.8 16.6 16.5 14.6 11.2 9.9 14.7 11.4 10.5 12.3 9.6 14.6 12.9 14.5 11.1 15.7 2.5 13.2 3.1 4.5 3.4 3.6 1.9 4.6 1.5 3.2 8.2 See footnotes at end of table. 80 Table 17. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and industry, 1998 annual averages — Continued Total employed1 Nonagricultural industries Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers Manufacturing Population group and State Number (In thou- Percent sands) Total2 Total3 Construction Total Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation, communications, and public utilities Trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services4 Government Agriculture Women Alabama ....................... Alaska ........................... Arizona ......................... Arkansas ....................... California ...................... Colorado ....................... Connecticut ................... Delaware ...................... District of Columbia ...... Florida ........................... 943 137 985 546 6,796 998 780 178 123 3,215 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.8 99.3 97.8 96.3 95.6 97.8 98.3 97.8 98.4 97.4 74.9 62.0 76.4 72.5 70.0 74.0 81.0 78.1 64.2 78.4 1.6 2.2 2.2 1.1 .9 1.9 .9 1.1 .8 1.6 13.5 2.9 7.8 14.7 10.8 7.8 13.7 8.4 1.6 6.1 5.2 .7 5.9 6.2 6.2 4.8 9.0 1.7 (5) 3.3 8.3 2.2 1.9 8.2 4.6 3.0 4.7 7.3 1.6 2.8 2.3 6.6 4.0 3.1 3.6 3.8 3.7 3.4 4.1 4.6 22.0 18.2 22.5 20.9 18.2 19.2 14.2 21.3 8.9 22.1 7.1 5.1 8.2 6.0 6.9 8.5 9.9 14.0 3.3 10.3 28.4 26.3 31.6 26.6 29.5 32.8 38.6 29.8 43.9 33.6 18.2 26.3 15.2 16.8 17.4 15.2 12.2 15.2 29.3 14.7 1.2 .7 1.2 1.8 1.6 1.2 .6 1.7 5 ( ) 1.2 Georgia ......................... Hawaii ........................... Idaho ............................. Illinois ............................ Indiana .......................... Iowa .............................. Kansas .......................... Kentucky ....................... Louisiana ...................... Maine ............................ 1,842 282 274 2,786 1,400 710 634 849 903 294 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.2 97.5 94.2 97.9 98.0 96.3 96.4 97.6 96.9 97.3 73.3 69.9 64.6 79.9 80.2 74.5 68.8 75.6 71.4 74.1 .8 1.1 1.1 .9 1.1 .7 .9 1.2 1.0 1.0 14.2 2.1 10.6 12.2 17.7 11.0 9.6 11.7 6.0 10.2 5.5 (5) 4.7 6.4 13.1 5.1 4.6 6.4 1.4 3.4 8.6 2.1 5.8 5.8 4.6 5.9 4.9 5.4 4.5 6.8 5.1 5.7 2.9 4.3 3.7 2.8 3.5 2.9 3.3 2.0 18.4 23.0 19.3 20.6 19.8 20.1 18.3 23.3 22.0 21.1 6.7 7.8 5.5 8.7 8.1 8.9 6.5 6.5 6.3 7.8 28.0 30.1 24.5 33.3 29.8 31.1 29.7 30.0 31.6 32.7 19.1 20.2 20.1 13.7 12.2 15.6 19.9 17.2 19.7 14.3 1.1 1.8 3.6 .9 1.4 2.8 2.5 .9 1.1 1.4 Maryland ....................... Massachusetts .............. Michigan ....................... Minnesota ..................... Mississippi .................... Missouri ........................ Montana ........................ Nebraska ...................... Nevada ......................... New Hampshire ............ 1,250 1,504 2,211 1,233 567 1,278 207 421 397 299 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.0 97.9 98.0 97.4 96.5 97.7 93.7 94.3 97.7 98.0 65.4 79.0 77.8 74.1 69.8 75.6 64.3 72.4 77.1 75.6 1.4 .9 .9 .7 .5 1.3 1.0 1.0 1.5 .7 4.3 10.4 13.5 10.5 14.6 9.9 3.9 6.9 3.0 14.4 1.8 5.8 9.5 5.7 6.7 5.2 2.4 3.3 1.5 11.4 2.6 4.5 3.9 4.7 8.1 4.6 1.4 3.6 1.5 3.0 2.6 3.1 2.5 3.7 2.3 3.2 2.4 3.6 3.5 2.3 15.6 18.8 21.5 19.3 18.9 19.0 21.3 20.7 18.9 19.1 8.5 8.0 6.7 8.3 6.5 8.1 5.3 8.8 8.1 7.0 33.0 37.8 32.7 31.6 26.8 34.1 30.0 31.6 41.8 32.4 26.5 12.8 15.1 16.5 21.2 16.4 18.8 16.6 14.4 16.1 .6 1.0 .6 1.6 2.1 1.6 4.3 4.8 1.3 1.0 New Jersey ................... New Mexico .................. New York ...................... North Carolina .............. North Dakota ................ Ohio .............................. Oklahoma ..................... Oregon .......................... Pennsylvania ................ Rhode Island ................ 1,857 360 3,889 1,695 161 2,569 716 747 2,665 227 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.1 96.7 97.2 97.8 93.8 98.0 96.9 96.3 97.6 99.1 78.5 63.6 73.4 76.0 68.9 78.8 70.8 69.7 80.6 82.4 .5 1.1 .8 .8 .6 1.0 .6 1.3 .6 1.3 9.7 4.4 9.4 18.3 4.3 11.9 7.8 9.5 11.4 15.0 3.4 2.5 4.1 7.7 1.9 6.6 4.7 5.5 5.3 9.7 6.2 1.9 5.4 10.6 2.5 5.3 3.1 4.0 6.2 5.7 4.4 3.3 3.4 2.2 3.1 2.5 3.2 3.2 3.3 1.3 18.3 19.4 17.0 19.4 22.4 23.2 20.9 19.8 20.1 20.3 8.5 6.7 9.0 6.8 5.6 7.4 6.8 7.1 7.6 9.7 37.1 28.1 33.7 28.5 32.9 32.8 30.6 28.8 37.4 34.8 15.6 23.9 19.0 17.2 19.9 13.7 19.6 16.9 12.2 12.8 .6 1.9 .6 1.5 5.0 1.2 2.1 2.3 1.4 .4 South Carolina .............. South Dakota ................ Tennessee .................... Texas ............................ Utah .............................. Vermont ........................ Virginia .......................... Washington ................... West Virginia ................ Wisconsin ..................... Wyoming ....................... 915 182 1,255 4,274 463 153 1,553 1,313 346 1,341 111 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.6 95.1 97.8 96.5 98.1 96.7 97.5 96.8 96.5 98.3 93.7 71.6 68.7 75.1 73.0 73.2 75.8 73.0 71.5 69.4 77.0 58.6 .9 .5 1.0 1.4 1.3 .7 .9 1.3 .9 .9 1.8 15.4 9.9 13.9 8.1 8.9 10.5 9.1 8.7 6.4 14.8 2.7 6.0 5.5 8.2 3.9 5.0 5.9 4.1 5.6 2.3 8.4 .9 9.4 4.4 5.7 4.2 3.9 4.6 5.0 3.0 4.0 6.5 1.8 2.5 2.2 3.3 4.6 4.1 2.0 3.5 3.1 2.9 2.6 2.7 21.2 19.2 18.6 20.6 22.5 19.6 16.9 21.9 21.7 20.2 20.7 5.8 7.7 8.0 7.3 6.9 5.2 9.4 6.5 7.2 8.8 5.4 25.8 28.6 30.0 30.1 29.2 37.3 33.0 30.2 30.1 29.7 23.4 22.2 19.2 16.1 17.7 18.1 13.1 20.0 17.9 20.8 15.9 25.2 1.2 4.4 1.5 1.7 1.1 2.0 1.3 1.8 1.2 1.1 5.4 See footnotes at end of table. 81 Table 17. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and industry, 1998 annual averages — Continued Total employed1 Nonagricultural industries Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers Manufacturing Population group and State Number (In thou- Percent sands) Total2 Total3 Construction Total Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation, communications, and public utilities Trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services4 Government Agriculture White Alabama ....................... 1,563 Alaska ........................... 246 Arizona ......................... 2,010 Arkansas ....................... 972 California ...................... 12,394 Colorado ....................... 2,031 Connecticut ................... 1,452 Delaware ...................... 293 District of Columbia ...... 102 Florida ........................... 5,763 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.1 98.8 96.4 95.2 94.3 97.2 98.4 96.9 99.0 97.1 75.4 64.2 77.0 73.4 71.4 75.1 80.7 78.2 69.6 79.0 6.4 6.9 8.0 5.1 4.7 6.5 4.5 5.8 2.0 7.1 16.8 3.3 11.5 17.5 13.8 11.2 19.4 12.3 3.9 8.4 9.9 .8 8.8 9.1 8.8 6.7 12.8 4.4 (5) 5.2 6.9 2.0 2.8 8.3 5.1 4.5 6.6 7.8 3.9 3.2 4.3 8.9 5.1 5.8 5.0 5.5 5.5 4.8 3.9 6.6 20.5 17.5 21.3 21.2 19.0 18.9 16.3 20.5 8.8 22.7 5.8 3.7 6.7 4.7 5.1 6.5 8.5 10.2 4.9 7.9 21.2 21.5 24.1 18.8 23.5 26.0 26.4 24.2 46.1 26.3 13.8 21.5 12.7 13.0 12.8 13.9 10.8 13.3 22.5 12.0 2.5 .8 3.1 4.0 4.2 2.2 1.1 2.4 (5) 2.2 Georgia ......................... Hawaii ........................... Idaho ............................. Illinois ............................ Indiana .......................... Iowa .............................. Kansas .......................... Kentucky ....................... Louisiana ...................... Maine ............................ 2,659 145 605 5,012 2,765 1,476 1,236 1,711 1,364 616 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.0 94.5 92.7 97.6 97.1 93.1 94.4 96.6 96.8 96.6 75.8 66.9 68.1 81.7 80.9 73.1 70.3 77.2 74.3 73.7 6.7 4.8 6.0 5.1 4.8 4.4 4.7 6.7 5.8 4.1 16.5 2.1 15.5 18.8 25.5 16.7 14.9 16.3 10.8 16.2 8.2 .7 8.6 11.5 19.7 9.0 9.3 9.8 4.7 8.0 8.4 1.4 6.9 7.3 5.8 7.7 5.6 6.5 6.1 8.4 7.5 6.9 5.0 6.1 5.5 4.3 5.2 6.2 5.5 3.9 18.3 20.0 19.0 20.0 18.4 19.8 17.3 20.7 19.4 20.3 6.4 6.2 4.0 7.2 5.5 6.4 5.1 4.7 4.8 5.4 20.2 26.9 18.2 24.3 21.2 21.2 22.6 21.1 23.7 23.7 14.0 15.2 15.9 10.8 9.9 12.8 15.9 13.8 14.3 12.3 2.5 4.1 6.3 1.8 2.6 6.5 5.0 2.6 2.3 2.6 Maryland ....................... Massachusetts .............. Michigan ....................... Minnesota ..................... Mississippi .................... Missouri ........................ Montana ........................ Nebraska ...................... Nevada ......................... New Hampshire ............ 1,854 2,958 4,194 2,472 794 2,475 416 846 769 615 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.3 98.0 97.3 95.5 96.2 96.2 91.3 89.6 97.7 98.0 69.6 78.9 80.9 74.6 71.0 76.6 62.3 70.2 79.3 76.9 7.7 4.3 5.0 4.2 6.2 5.9 4.1 4.1 8.5 3.9 6.9 15.1 24.1 14.9 14.6 14.9 7.0 11.2 5.5 19.7 4.2 9.6 19.0 9.3 8.2 8.5 5.0 5.7 3.3 14.8 2.8 5.5 5.0 5.5 6.4 6.4 1.9 5.6 2.2 4.9 3.8 4.5 3.6 4.9 6.4 6.0 5.0 5.7 4.7 4.6 16.7 19.0 20.6 20.1 16.1 20.0 20.4 19.7 18.5 19.0 8.1 6.8 4.8 6.1 5.3 5.3 3.6 7.2 5.3 5.5 26.4 29.2 22.8 24.0 20.7 24.5 21.4 22.1 35.5 24.1 20.2 11.5 10.7 13.5 16.9 13.0 15.9 13.9 11.4 13.2 2.1 1.4 2.1 3.9 3.4 3.5 7.7 9.8 1.7 1.5 New Jersey ................... New Mexico .................. New York ...................... North Carolina .............. North Dakota ................ Ohio .............................. Oklahoma ..................... Oregon .......................... Pennsylvania ................ Rhode Island ................ 3,190 688 6,684 2,789 324 4,808 1,317 1,539 5,119 442 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.4 95.3 97.8 96.4 87.0 97.6 95.7 94.9 97.7 98.9 80.1 66.0 74.9 76.2 64.8 80.0 71.6 71.3 80.0 81.4 4.8 5.2 4.3 5.4 4.3 4.2 4.3 4.9 4.2 4.3 13.8 6.3 12.1 21.4 7.1 21.2 12.6 16.1 18.1 19.7 6.0 4.1 6.9 10.9 4.3 14.0 8.3 11.4 10.9 13.1 7.8 2.2 5.2 10.4 2.8 7.2 4.3 4.7 7.2 6.6 7.1 5.2 5.7 4.7 4.9 4.6 5.8 4.9 5.8 3.4 19.3 19.0 19.4 19.2 21.6 21.0 20.2 18.3 19.1 20.6 7.7 4.4 8.0 5.1 4.0 5.1 4.9 4.7 5.6 7.0 27.4 23.0 25.4 20.2 22.2 23.5 21.4 22.3 26.9 26.7 12.6 19.2 16.4 12.9 16.0 11.9 16.2 13.7 10.6 11.5 1.1 3.9 1.2 3.2 12.3 1.9 3.8 4.4 1.9 .9 South Carolina .............. South Dakota ................ Tennessee .................... Texas ............................ Utah .............................. Vermont ........................ Virginia .......................... Washington ................... West Virginia ................ Wisconsin ..................... Wyoming ....................... 1,408 366 2,177 8,194 983 314 2,618 2,635 722 2,683 238 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.7 90.2 97.1 95.3 97.2 96.2 97.6 95.7 97.4 97.3 92.0 75.8 66.4 74.2 75.0 74.9 74.2 75.5 73.6 71.9 78.0 63.4 5.7 4.1 5.2 6.4 6.7 4.1 6.3 5.9 4.2 5.0 5.5 21.2 12.3 19.1 13.5 12.0 14.3 12.0 14.6 11.2 22.3 5.0 9.4 7.9 12.3 7.5 7.9 9.6 6.3 10.7 5.7 14.4 2.5 11.9 4.4 6.8 6.1 4.1 5.1 5.7 3.9 5.5 7.9 2.5 4.2 3.6 4.7 6.7 4.9 3.2 5.8 5.0 6.0 4.1 6.3 20.0 20.2 18.6 19.5 20.4 18.5 17.3 19.9 20.6 19.1 18.9 5.4 6.3 5.3 5.4 5.8 4.1 7.1 5.1 4.3 6.0 3.4 19.2 19.7 21.1 21.8 23.6 29.3 26.7 22.7 22.2 21.4 16.4 15.2 15.3 12.6 13.2 15.3 11.1 16.0 14.6 17.7 12.6 20.2 1.9 9.6 2.6 3.7 2.3 2.9 1.9 3.6 1.2 2.4 7.1 See footnotes at end of table. 82 Table 17. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and industry, 1998 annual averages — Continued Total employed1 Nonagricultural industries Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers Manufacturing Population group and State Number (In thou- Percent sands) Total2 Total3 Construction Total Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation, communications, and public utilities Trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services4 Government Agriculture Black Alabama ....................... Alaska ........................... Arizona ......................... Arkansas ....................... California ...................... Colorado ....................... Connecticut ................... Delaware ...................... District of Columbia ...... Florida ........................... 473 10 75 158 987 57 174 74 135 986 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.3 100.0 98.7 97.5 98.6 100.0 98.9 100.0 98.5 96.0 76.3 60.0 74.7 74.7 67.7 77.2 81.0 79.7 64.4 76.7 5.1 (5) (5) 3.2 2.5 3.5 1.1 4.1 3.0 5.2 24.1 (5) 12.0 23.4 8.5 8.8 16.7 13.5 1.5 8.6 11.6 (5) 6.7 10.1 5.0 7.0 10.9 2.7 (5) 5.0 12.5 (5) 5.3 13.9 3.5 3.5 5.2 10.8 .7 3.5 3.0 (5) 6.7 5.1 7.8 5.3 8.6 9.5 5.9 7.1 20.3 10.0 20.0 15.8 13.9 19.3 14.4 14.9 13.3 20.6 3.8 10.0 5.3 2.5 5.7 8.8 6.9 14.9 3.7 6.6 19.5 20.0 30.7 24.7 29.3 29.8 33.3 23.0 37.0 28.4 18.6 30.0 21.3 20.9 25.6 19.3 14.4 17.6 29.6 16.4 1.5 (5) (5) 1.9 .6 1.8 5 ( ) (5) (5) 2.4 Georgia ......................... Hawaii ........................... Illinois ............................ Indiana .......................... Iowa .............................. Kansas .......................... Kentucky ....................... Louisiana ...................... 1,137 8 720 190 21 78 106 536 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.4 100.0 99.3 99.5 100.0 98.7 100.0 97.6 77.2 75.0 76.8 79.5 66.7 73.1 83.0 72.6 2.5 (5) 2.2 .5 (5) 2.6 1.9 4.5 22.8 (5) 13.2 23.7 19.0 16.7 20.8 12.9 9.4 (5) 6.9 18.9 9.5 9.0 14.2 3.2 13.4 (5) 6.3 4.7 9.5 7.7 6.6 9.7 9.1 12.5 9.4 6.8 (5) 9.0 6.6 5.8 17.9 12.5 15.6 18.9 28.6 20.5 20.8 21.8 3.6 (5) 6.5 5.3 4.8 5.1 3.8 3.2 21.4 37.5 30.0 24.7 14.3 20.5 29.2 22.8 16.9 25.0 20.3 17.4 28.6 20.5 15.1 20.0 1.0 (5) .1 .5 5 ( ) 5 ( ) (5) 1.1 Maryland ....................... Massachusetts .............. Michigan ....................... Minnesota ..................... Mississippi .................... Missouri ........................ Nebraska ...................... Nevada ......................... New Hampshire ............ 670 135 525 65 394 226 26 55 6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.5 98.5 98.9 98.5 95.7 99.6 96.2 100.0 100.0 62.8 80.7 78.7 80.0 75.9 73.5 84.6 83.6 83.3 3.6 1.5 2.1 1.5 3.6 2.7 3.8 3.6 16.7 7.2 18.5 23.4 12.3 29.2 6.6 15.4 1.8 33.3 3.3 9.6 18.7 7.7 16.0 1.8 7.7 (5) 16.7 3.9 8.1 4.8 6.2 12.9 4.4 7.7 1.8 (5) 5.7 3.7 4.2 9.2 4.8 7.5 7.7 9.1 (5) 16.4 13.3 15.8 20.0 18.3 17.7 23.1 14.5 16.7 5.8 6.7 5.1 7.7 3.0 7.5 7.7 7.3 (5) 24.2 37.8 27.6 29.2 16.2 31.4 30.8 47.3 33.3 32.8 14.8 17.3 15.4 16.8 23.9 3.8 12.7 (5) .4 .7 .2 1.5 3.3 (5) (5) (5) (5) New Jersey ................... New Mexico .................. New York ...................... North Carolina .............. Ohio .............................. Oklahoma ..................... Oregon .......................... Pennsylvania ................ Rhode Island ................ 566 15 1,207 757 539 126 33 420 22 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.4 100.0 97.6 97.4 98.7 97.6 100.0 98.6 95.5 76.9 66.7 71.9 78.7 79.4 73.0 66.7 79.3 81.8 2.8 6.7 2.7 3.7 2.2 2.4 3.0 2.1 (5) 11.5 6.7 7.1 25.0 16.3 14.3 9.1 9.5 22.7 5.3 6.7 3.2 11.5 10.8 9.5 3.0 4.3 13.6 6.2 (5) 4.0 13.5 5.6 4.8 6.1 5.2 4.5 8.5 6.7 7.1 5.5 7.2 4.8 6.1 5.5 4.5 16.1 13.3 13.7 17.4 17.6 19.8 18.2 16.2 13.6 7.6 6.7 8.0 3.8 6.5 1.6 15.2 7.6 9.1 30.4 26.7 33.4 23.2 29.3 27.8 12.1 38.1 31.8 19.8 26.7 22.5 15.6 13.9 21.4 18.2 16.0 9.1 .4 (5) .5 2.1 .7 1.6 5 ( ) .5 (5) South Carolina .............. South Dakota ................ Tennessee .................... Texas ............................ Utah .............................. Vermont ........................ Virginia .......................... Washington ................... West Virginia ................ Wisconsin ..................... Wyoming ....................... 464 2 446 1,098 7 1 642 73 20 100 2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 97.0 100.0 98.9 98.6 100.0 100.0 98.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 76.1 50.0 76.2 74.8 71.4 100.0 73.2 69.9 80.0 71.0 100.0 5.4 (5) 2.5 2.3 (5) (5) 1.9 1.4 (5) 2.0 (5) 25.9 50.0 15.0 11.1 14.3 (5) 15.3 13.7 10.0 19.0 (5) 13.8 (5) 8.7 4.7 14.3 (5) 7.9 9.6 10.0 13.0 (5) 12.1 (5) 6.1 6.4 (5) (5) 7.3 4.1 (5) 6.0 (5) 5.6 (5) 11.4 9.1 14.3 (5) 6.2 9.6 5.0 1.0 (5) 18.1 (5) 15.0 20.5 14.3 100.0 19.3 16.4 20.0 16.0 50.0 2.6 (5) 6.7 5.4 (5) (5) 6.5 2.7 5.0 6.0 (5) 18.5 (5) 25.8 25.9 14.3 (5) 24.0 26.0 40.0 27.0 50.0 17.9 (5) 18.6 19.1 28.6 (5) 22.3 28.8 10.0 20.0 (5) 1.7 (5) 1.1 .8 (5) 5 ( ) .8 (5) 5.0 (5) (5) See footnotes at end of table. 83 Table 17. States: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and industry, 1998 annual averages — Continued Total employed1 Nonagricultural industries Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers Manufacturing Population group and State Number (In thou- Percent sands) Total2 Total3 Construction Total Durable goods Nondurable goods Transportation, communications, and public utilities Trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services4 Government Agriculture Hispanic origin Alabama ....................... Alaska ........................... Arizona ......................... Arkansas ....................... California ...................... Colorado ....................... Connecticut ................... Delaware ...................... District of Columbia ...... Florida ........................... 20 7 535 17 4,130 281 132 14 16 1,158 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 95.0 100.0 92.9 94.1 88.1 95.7 97.7 100.0 93.8 95.3 85.0 85.7 78.1 82.4 72.9 74.7 82.6 85.7 81.3 83.2 (5) 14.3 11.0 11.8 5.3 7.8 3.8 (5) 6.3 6.6 25.0 (5) 12.3 47.1 18.7 17.1 27.3 14.3 (5) 9.6 20.0 (5) 8.4 17.6 10.4 6.0 20.5 7.1 (5) 5.3 10.0 (5) 3.9 29.4 8.3 11.0 6.8 7.1 (5) 4.3 (5) (5) 5.0 (5) 4.7 5.3 4.5 7.1 6.3 10.4 30.0 28.6 24.5 17.6 21.6 20.6 18.9 28.6 25.0 23.3 (5) (5) 4.1 (5) 3.1 3.2 5.3 14.3 6.3 7.3 25.0 28.6 20.6 5.9 19.4 19.9 22.0 28.6 37.5 25.9 10.0 (5) 9.3 5.9 9.9 16.7 11.4 7.1 12.5 7.2 (5) (5) 6.5 5.9 8.8 3.6 (5) (5) (5) 3.1 Georgia ......................... Hawaii ........................... Idaho ............................. Illinois ............................ Indiana .......................... Iowa .............................. Kansas .......................... Kentucky ....................... Louisiana ...................... 101 16 57 529 63 34 58 16 47 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 91.1 93.8 80.7 97.5 98.4 94.1 94.8 81.3 95.7 78.2 68.8 71.9 89.4 79.4 88.2 81.0 68.8 87.2 19.8 6.3 3.5 5.7 6.3 8.8 15.5 6.3 8.5 22.8 6.3 29.8 33.3 38.1 41.2 17.2 12.5 10.6 6.9 (5) 10.5 20.2 31.7 2.9 10.3 (5) 6.4 15.8 6.3 19.3 13.0 6.3 35.3 6.9 6.3 4.3 4.0 6.3 3.5 4.2 (5) 2.9 6.9 (5) 8.5 13.9 18.8 21.1 23.1 12.7 20.6 20.7 12.5 34.0 6.9 6.3 1.8 4.2 3.2 (5) 3.4 (5) 6.4 10.9 31.3 10.5 19.1 20.6 14.7 17.2 43.8 17.0 9.9 12.5 5.3 5.5 7.9 5.9 8.6 6.3 6.4 5.9 6.3 19.3 1.9 1.6 5.9 3.4 12.5 2.1 Maryland ....................... Massachusetts .............. Michigan ....................... Minnesota ..................... Mississippi .................... Missouri ........................ Montana ........................ Nebraska ...................... Nevada ......................... New Hampshire ............ 116 130 143 57 14 34 8 29 129 8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 87.9 95.4 96.5 100.0 92.9 91.2 100.0 100.0 94.6 100.0 70.7 86.2 87.4 93.0 85.7 82.4 75.0 86.2 87.6 87.5 14.7 3.1 4.9 (5) 7.1 2.9 12.5 6.9 13.2 (5) 3.4 17.7 30.1 21.1 42.9 26.5 (5) 41.4 5.4 25.0 2.6 9.2 21.7 15.8 14.3 11.8 (5) 6.9 1.6 12.5 1.7 8.5 8.4 5.3 21.4 14.7 (5) 34.5 3.9 12.5 1.7 3.1 3.5 1.8 (5) 2.9 (5) 3.4 2.3 (5) 21.6 23.1 26.6 33.3 7.1 32.4 25.0 17.2 17.8 25.0 6.9 3.8 3.5 8.8 (5) (5) (5) 3.4 3.1 (5) 22.4 36.9 18.2 28.1 21.4 14.7 12.5 13.8 45.0 37.5 14.7 4.6 6.3 3.5 14.3 5.9 12.5 10.3 3.1 (5) 4.3 .8 2.8 5 ( ) (5) 8.8 12.5 (5) 3.9 (5) New Jersey ................... New Mexico .................. New York ...................... North Carolina .............. North Dakota ................ Ohio .............................. Oklahoma ..................... Oregon .......................... Pennsylvania ................ Rhode Island ................ 437 290 1,101 108 2 72 48 125 116 27 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 98.4 94.1 96.1 76.9 100.0 98.6 93.8 75.2 96.6 96.3 86.5 67.9 80.6 69.4 100.0 86.1 83.3 65.6 81.0 92.6 4.3 5.9 4.1 10.2 (5) 4.2 8.3 7.2 9.5 (5) 22.7 6.6 12.6 29.6 (5) 30.6 16.7 20.8 20.7 44.4 8.0 4.5 4.9 13.9 (5) 20.8 10.4 13.6 9.5 33.3 14.6 2.1 7.7 15.7 (5) 11.1 6.3 7.2 11.2 14.8 7.8 4.8 5.4 2.8 (5) 5.6 2.1 1.6 5.2 (5) 21.3 23.4 26.2 13.9 50.0 26.4 27.1 17.6 19.0 14.8 4.8 4.5 7.7 .9 (5) 1.4 2.1 1.6 4.3 7.4 25.4 18.6 24.5 10.2 (5) 18.1 20.8 16.8 23.3 25.9 9.8 19.7 11.6 4.6 (5) 8.3 8.3 7.2 11.2 (5) .7 4.8 1.0 23.1 (5) 1.4 6.3 24.8 3.4 (5) South Carolina .............. South Dakota ................ Tennessee .................... Texas ............................ Utah .............................. Vermont ........................ Virginia .......................... Washington ................... Wisconsin ..................... Wyoming ....................... 15 5 19 2,695 62 2 106 127 48 11 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 93.3 80.0 89.5 93.7 98.4 100.0 94.3 77.2 100.0 90.9 73.3 60.0 84.2 76.6 87.1 50.0 83.0 65.4 83.3 81.8 26.7 (5) 15.8 9.6 17.7 (5) 12.3 10.2 6.3 9.1 13.3 20.0 15.8 16.3 21.0 (5) 6.6 7.1 35.4 9.1 6.7 (5) 10.5 7.5 14.5 (5) .9 3.1 12.5 9.1 13.3 20.0 5.3 8.8 6.5 (5) 5.7 3.9 20.8 (5) (5) (5) (5) 5.8 4.8 (5) 3.8 1.6 2.1 9.1 6.7 20.0 21.1 21.6 21.0 50.0 25.5 19.7 20.8 18.2 (5) (5) (5) 3.5 4.8 (5) 2.8 1.6 2.1 (5) 20.0 20.0 36.8 18.8 19.4 (5) 31.1 25.2 18.8 18.2 6.7 20.0 (5) 12.5 6.5 (5) 8.5 9.4 12.5 9.1 (5) 20.0 15.8 4.3 1.6 (5) 1.9 21.3 (5) 9.1 1 Includes private household workers, self-employed and unpaid family workers, and mining. 2 Includes self-employed and unpaid family workers and mining. 3 Includes mining. 4 Excludes private household workers. 5 Less than 500 persons employed or less than 0.05 percent of total employed. NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed percentages because of rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the defaultother racesdefault group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. 84 Table 18. States: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages (Numbers in thousands) Hours of work Average hours 35 hours and over Population group and State Total at work 1 to 14 hours 15 to 29 hours 30 to 34 hours Total 35 to 39 hours 40 hours 41 to 48 hours 49 hours and over Total at work Persons who usually work full time TOTAL Alabama ................................. Alaska ..................................... Arizona ................................... Arkansas ................................. California ................................ Colorado ................................. Connecticut ............................. Delaware ................................ District of Columbia ................ Florida ..................................... 1,983 278 2,101 1,106 14,725 2,073 1,574 362 235 6,634 86 18 86 51 704 111 74 17 8 243 264 35 243 137 1,912 257 208 46 23 724 182 26 211 93 1,385 190 154 30 21 537 1,451 199 1,560 825 10,724 1,514 1,138 269 182 5,130 137 29 132 60 844 141 132 32 13 445 689 77 782 431 5,629 620 510 131 100 2,586 223 31 224 123 1,494 271 189 41 22 750 402 62 423 211 2,758 482 307 66 46 1,349 39.3 39.9 39.6 39.4 38.8 39.7 38.9 38.8 39.9 40.1 43.0 44.3 43.3 43.0 42.8 43.6 43.0 42.4 42.5 43.3 Georgia ................................... Hawaii ..................................... Idaho ....................................... Illinois ...................................... Indiana .................................... Iowa ........................................ Kansas .................................... Kentucky ................................. Louisiana ................................ Maine ...................................... 3,702 532 594 5,683 2,868 1,468 1,306 1,745 1,859 594 142 25 40 263 159 85 88 85 84 37 409 75 80 698 347 200 168 198 216 80 303 59 58 535 255 129 123 157 156 68 2,848 373 415 4,187 2,107 1,054 928 1,305 1,403 409 219 28 48 368 175 105 76 138 125 53 1,451 217 171 1,981 894 419 391 601 717 168 445 42 75 686 393 205 153 225 194 74 733 87 122 1,152 645 324 308 341 367 114 39.9 38.3 38.9 39.4 39.8 39.5 39.6 39.5 40.0 38.5 43.0 42.4 43.7 43.3 43.9 44.0 44.4 43.0 43.3 43.0 Maryland ................................. Massachusetts ........................ Michigan ................................. Minnesota ............................... Mississippi .............................. Missouri .................................. Montana .................................. Nebraska ................................ Nevada ................................... New Hampshire ...................... 2,521 3,019 4,619 2,511 1,151 2,632 420 862 846 606 117 165 263 164 49 142 33 56 31 34 253 412 590 362 112 327 64 115 86 82 235 322 401 255 90 244 42 77 66 58 1,916 2,121 3,365 1,730 900 1,920 280 614 663 433 164 222 279 171 76 169 31 57 46 53 923 1,043 1,478 693 489 877 116 227 384 167 288 316 593 327 111 343 45 113 89 87 540 540 1,016 540 224 531 89 217 144 125 40.3 38.2 39.3 38.7 40.2 39.2 38.3 40.0 39.7 39.0 43.4 42.6 43.9 43.8 43.1 43.0 44.1 45.1 42.7 43.5 New Jersey ............................. New Mexico ............................ New York ................................ North Carolina ........................ North Dakota .......................... Ohio ........................................ Oklahoma ............................... Oregon .................................... Pennsylvania .......................... Rhode Island .......................... 3,794 748 7,964 3,529 322 5,179 1,488 1,585 5,427 448 167 34 371 141 22 271 77 108 313 24 475 101 1,077 363 47 665 176 211 736 65 321 79 655 302 28 452 136 161 482 52 2,831 534 5,862 2,723 226 3,790 1,099 1,105 3,895 308 342 51 884 221 23 325 107 111 410 42 1,402 264 2,847 1,484 87 1,702 519 488 1,825 141 401 76 728 405 40 679 167 195 633 52 686 143 1,402 613 76 1,084 305 312 1,028 72 38.9 39.0 38.6 39.4 39.6 39.3 39.4 38.4 38.7 37.7 42.5 43.3 42.5 42.3 44.7 43.6 43.2 43.2 43.1 41.9 South Carolina ........................ South Dakota .......................... Tennessee .............................. Texas ...................................... Utah ........................................ Vermont .................................. Virginia .................................... Washington ............................. West Virginia .......................... Wisconsin ............................... Wyoming ................................. 1,810 367 2,527 9,265 981 303 3,244 2,753 705 2,726 234 78 26 115 395 70 23 157 176 38 174 17 193 50 294 1,007 148 42 368 355 87 349 30 139 33 223 776 94 31 288 288 71 254 20 1,399 259 1,895 7,087 670 207 2,431 1,935 509 1,949 167 137 24 180 579 59 24 203 179 53 206 15 699 99 882 3,373 319 81 1,163 865 252 753 69 212 45 327 1,109 104 40 380 357 78 395 27 352 90 507 2,026 187 62 685 533 126 596 56 39.9 39.7 39.6 40.4 37.7 38.3 39.7 38.6 38.8 39.3 40.0 43.3 45.0 43.0 43.6 43.0 43.7 43.2 43.0 42.7 44.1 45.4 See footnotes at end of table. 85 Table 18. States: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Hours of work Average hours 35 hours and over Population group and State Total at work 1 to 14 hours 15 to 29 hours 30 to 34 hours Total 35 to 39 hours 40 hours 41 to 48 hours 49 hours and over Total at work Persons who usually work full time Men Alabama ................................. Alaska ..................................... Arizona ................................... Arkansas ................................. California ................................ Colorado ................................. Connecticut ............................. Delaware ................................ District of Columbia ................ Florida ..................................... 1,082 151 1,164 582 8,284 1,118 836 192 117 3,575 31 7 28 17 270 40 25 6 4 103 106 13 88 52 782 91 70 17 10 274 74 12 93 39 653 88 64 12 9 223 872 119 955 474 6,580 899 679 157 95 2,975 49 13 59 22 398 63 43 11 5 172 387 44 458 221 3,257 342 279 72 50 1,389 133 18 134 76 926 157 121 26 10 428 303 44 303 154 1,999 337 236 48 29 986 42.3 43.4 42.3 42.4 41.2 42.5 42.3 41.7 41.6 42.5 44.9 46.2 44.6 44.8 43.9 45.0 44.9 44.3 43.7 44.9 Georgia ................................... Hawaii ..................................... Idaho ....................................... Illinois ...................................... Indiana .................................... Iowa ........................................ Kansas .................................... Kentucky ................................. Louisiana ................................ Maine ...................................... 1,954 265 333 3,045 1,536 791 701 950 1,001 315 50 9 14 98 57 33 25 31 27 16 146 27 29 246 114 70 66 70 87 30 124 25 26 238 101 53 57 69 62 25 1,634 204 264 2,463 1,264 633 553 781 824 243 89 12 19 148 66 40 31 52 42 21 727 113 105 1,071 493 224 213 329 373 95 264 25 47 410 240 125 91 137 127 45 554 54 93 833 464 245 218 263 282 82 43.0 40.5 42.4 42.3 43.1 43.0 43.2 42.8 43.5 41.3 44.8 43.2 45.3 44.8 45.6 46.1 46.2 45.0 45.6 44.4 Maryland ................................. Massachusetts ........................ Michigan ................................. Minnesota ............................... Mississippi .............................. Missouri .................................. Montana .................................. Nebraska ................................ Nevada ................................... New Hampshire ...................... 1,335 1,600 2,528 1,339 614 1,421 226 459 469 322 45 59 92 65 21 61 12 20 12 11 101 128 192 134 49 143 23 41 36 24 106 123 169 94 37 112 18 33 29 25 1,084 1,290 2,075 1,046 508 1,104 172 365 392 262 59 82 111 71 29 69 12 19 18 22 491 610 830 384 239 469 67 118 212 95 169 208 374 202 69 194 28 67 56 55 366 390 760 389 171 372 65 162 106 91 42.7 41.4 42.8 42.1 42.7 41.4 42.1 44.3 41.8 42.4 44.9 44.0 45.5 45.4 45.0 44.5 46.1 47.6 43.9 44.9 New Jersey ............................. New Mexico ............................ New York ................................ North Carolina ........................ North Dakota .......................... Ohio ........................................ Oklahoma ............................... Oregon .................................... Pennsylvania .......................... Rhode Island .......................... 2,035 406 4,312 1,916 169 2,767 810 881 2,897 236 52 11 131 52 8 88 28 40 107 7 167 39 368 150 16 239 73 77 241 21 137 34 296 140 10 186 60 70 209 23 1,679 321 3,517 1,574 134 2,254 649 694 2,340 184 114 21 346 87 8 115 41 49 149 16 796 153 1,669 793 44 929 279 293 1,016 81 257 46 467 243 24 409 105 124 396 33 512 101 1,034 450 58 801 224 228 779 55 42.0 41.9 41.6 41.6 44.2 42.6 42.3 41.5 42.2 41.2 44.2 44.5 44.0 43.6 47.5 45.3 44.8 44.4 44.8 43.8 South Carolina ........................ South Dakota .......................... Tennessee .............................. Texas ...................................... Utah ........................................ Vermont .................................. Virginia .................................... Washington ............................. West Virginia .......................... Wisconsin ............................... Wyoming ................................. 940 196 1,342 5,205 541 159 1,773 1,514 383 1,457 129 24 10 44 152 26 8 54 65 15 64 6 70 18 110 406 54 14 151 133 30 116 11 58 13 97 334 41 11 123 128 31 99 8 788 155 1,091 4,314 420 125 1,446 1,188 308 1,178 104 45 10 62 243 26 9 84 76 22 81 7 353 51 466 1,865 182 46 641 513 145 415 37 128 27 196 691 67 26 234 220 48 239 17 263 68 368 1,514 145 45 486 380 93 444 43 43.0 43.8 42.4 43.2 41.2 42.1 42.3 41.4 41.6 43.0 44.2 45.3 47.3 44.6 45.3 44.5 45.2 44.6 44.0 44.1 45.9 47.7 See footnotes at end of table. 86 Table 18. States: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Hours of work Average hours 35 hours and over Population group and State Total at work 1 to 14 hours 15 to 29 hours 30 to 34 hours Total 35 to 39 hours 40 hours 41 to 48 hours 49 hours and over Total at work Persons who usually work full time Women Alabama ................................. Alaska ..................................... Arizona ................................... Arkansas ................................. California ................................ Colorado ................................. Connecticut ............................. Delaware ................................ District of Columbia ................ Florida ..................................... 900 127 937 524 6,441 954 737 169 118 3,059 55 11 58 34 434 71 49 11 5 140 158 22 155 85 1,131 166 138 29 14 450 109 14 118 55 732 102 91 18 12 314 579 80 606 351 4,144 615 459 112 87 2,155 88 16 72 37 446 78 89 21 8 273 302 33 324 209 2,371 278 231 58 51 1,197 90 13 90 47 568 114 68 15 12 322 99 19 120 57 759 145 71 17 17 364 35.8 35.8 36.2 36.2 35.7 36.4 35.0 35.5 38.3 37.1 40.4 41.4 41.5 40.7 41.1 41.8 40.4 40.0 41.1 41.1 Georgia ................................... Hawaii ..................................... Idaho ....................................... Illinois ...................................... Indiana .................................... Iowa ........................................ Kansas .................................... Kentucky ................................. Louisiana ................................ Maine ...................................... 1,748 267 261 2,638 1,332 677 605 795 858 279 92 16 26 165 102 52 62 55 56 20 263 47 52 452 233 129 102 129 129 50 179 33 32 297 154 76 66 88 94 42 1,214 170 151 1,724 843 420 375 524 579 166 131 15 29 220 108 65 45 86 83 32 724 104 65 910 401 196 178 272 344 73 181 17 28 275 153 80 62 88 67 29 179 33 29 318 181 79 90 78 85 32 36.5 36.0 34.3 36.1 35.9 35.3 35.4 35.6 36.0 35.3 40.7 41.5 41.0 41.3 41.5 41.1 41.8 40.1 40.3 40.9 Maryland ................................. Massachusetts ........................ Michigan ................................. Minnesota ............................... Mississippi .............................. Missouri .................................. Montana .................................. Nebraska ................................ Nevada ................................... New Hampshire ...................... 1,185 1,419 2,092 1,172 537 1,212 194 403 377 284 72 106 172 99 28 81 21 36 19 22 152 283 398 228 63 183 40 74 50 58 129 199 232 161 54 132 24 44 37 34 832 831 1,291 684 392 815 109 249 271 170 106 140 168 101 47 100 18 38 27 31 433 433 648 309 250 408 49 110 172 73 120 108 218 124 41 148 17 46 33 32 174 150 256 151 54 159 24 55 39 34 37.6 34.5 35.2 34.9 37.2 36.7 33.9 35.2 37.0 35.1 41.5 40.5 41.5 41.5 40.6 41.0 41.1 41.6 40.9 41.4 New Jersey ............................. New Mexico ............................ New York ................................ North Carolina ........................ North Dakota .......................... Ohio ........................................ Oklahoma ............................... Oregon .................................... Pennsylvania .......................... Rhode Island .......................... 1,759 342 3,652 1,613 153 2,412 678 704 2,530 212 115 23 240 89 13 183 49 68 206 16 309 61 709 213 31 427 103 134 495 44 184 45 358 162 18 266 77 90 273 29 1,152 213 2,345 1,150 91 1,536 450 411 1,556 123 228 29 538 134 15 210 67 62 262 27 607 111 1,178 691 43 772 240 195 808 61 144 30 261 162 16 271 62 71 237 19 174 43 368 163 18 283 81 84 249 17 35.4 35.7 35.0 36.7 34.6 35.5 36.1 34.6 34.7 33.9 40.2 41.4 40.3 40.5 40.7 41.4 40.9 41.4 40.7 39.2 South Carolina ........................ South Dakota .......................... Tennessee .............................. Texas ...................................... Utah ........................................ Vermont .................................. Virginia .................................... Washington ............................. West Virginia .......................... Wisconsin ............................... Wyoming ................................. 870 172 1,185 4,060 440 144 1,471 1,238 322 1,269 105 54 16 71 242 44 15 103 111 24 110 11 123 32 184 601 94 29 217 222 57 234 19 81 20 126 442 53 19 165 160 40 154 12 611 104 804 2,774 249 81 985 746 201 771 63 92 14 118 337 34 15 119 103 31 125 8 346 49 416 1,508 137 35 522 353 107 338 31 84 18 131 418 37 15 145 137 30 156 10 90 22 139 511 42 17 199 154 33 152 13 36.4 35.0 36.4 36.7 33.4 34.2 36.5 35.2 35.3 35.1 34.9 40.9 41.7 40.7 41.1 40.6 41.4 41.2 41.3 40.6 41.4 41.9 See footnotes at end of table. 87 Table 18. States: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Hours of work Average hours 35 hours and over Population group and State Total at work 1 to 14 hours 15 to 29 hours 30 to 34 hours Total 35 to 39 hours 40 hours 41 to 48 hours 4 1 6 3 18 5 2 1 (1) 11 Total at work Persons who usually work full time 4 1 6 3 24 6 2 1 (1) 16 25.3 27.6 27.6 27.8 25.9 26.3 22.3 27.6 24.9 27.6 39.6 40.4 40.7 39.9 39.6 40.3 37.8 37.6 38.3 39.6 7 40.3 34.8 40.4 39.0 39.6 39.5 39.8 39.5 38.7 39.6 49 hours and over Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Alabama ................................. Alaska ..................................... Arizona ................................... Arkansas ................................. California ................................ Colorado ................................. Connecticut ............................. Delaware ................................ District of Columbia ................ Florida ..................................... 116 15 125 57 684 106 76 23 6 327 18 3 19 8 125 23 19 4 1 44 55 5 47 24 269 37 36 8 2 131 12 1 13 6 77 11 6 2 1 34 31 6 46 20 214 35 15 9 2 118 7 2 7 4 37 6 3 2 (1) 28 16 2 27 11 135 18 9 5 1 63 Georgia ................................... Hawaii ..................................... Idaho ....................................... Illinois ...................................... Indiana .................................... Iowa ........................................ Kansas .................................... Kentucky ................................. Louisiana ................................ Maine ...................................... 176 15 47 326 179 99 96 95 96 32 25 5 11 67 43 23 24 16 16 9 79 7 17 136 73 42 34 39 38 12 17 2 4 34 13 9 10 7 9 2 55 2 14 89 50 24 28 33 33 8 13 1 4 21 8 5 3 9 6 2 29 1 6 46 27 10 15 15 18 4 Maryland ................................. Massachusetts ........................ Michigan ................................. Minnesota ............................... Mississippi .............................. Missouri .................................. Montana .................................. Nebraska ................................ Nevada ................................... New Hampshire ...................... 108 152 315 171 52 183 29 71 44 35 19 45 75 44 9 40 7 18 5 9 35 61 125 74 18 69 9 26 16 15 15 12 27 14 6 19 3 7 6 3 39 34 88 40 19 55 9 20 17 8 8 7 19 8 4 10 2 4 3 2 New Jersey ............................. New Mexico ............................ New York ................................ North Carolina ........................ North Dakota .......................... Ohio ........................................ Oklahoma ............................... Oregon .................................... Pennsylvania .......................... Rhode Island .......................... 175 38 328 174 25 302 84 95 284 23 39 6 81 37 7 63 15 25 74 6 77 17 142 61 9 138 32 31 113 10 12 5 22 18 3 32 10 8 23 2 47 11 83 58 7 69 27 31 75 5 South Carolina ........................ South Dakota .......................... Tennessee .............................. Texas ...................................... Utah ........................................ Vermont .................................. Virginia .................................... Washington ............................. West Virginia .......................... Wisconsin ............................... Wyoming ................................. 92 31 141 498 99 17 155 145 36 180 20 21 7 23 79 20 5 28 33 8 47 5 36 10 54 203 38 6 75 53 15 66 7 9 3 15 52 11 2 14 16 4 16 2 26 10 49 164 30 4 37 43 9 51 6 See footnotes at end of table. 88 2 14 7 5 5 6 3 1 2 9 8 5 6 3 6 1 26.5 20.4 24.9 24.6 24.3 24.4 25.2 26.6 27.1 23.1 23 20 42 18 11 30 4 8 11 3 3 4 14 8 2 7 1 4 1 2 5 3 13 6 2 7 1 4 1 1 27.6 22.2 24.3 23.2 27.2 25.6 25.0 24.8 28.7 22.8 40.0 38.1 40.0 40.2 38.3 39.2 40.2 41.0 39.0 39.8 10 2 17 14 1 16 6 7 16 1 29 7 47 33 3 32 14 16 40 2 5 1 8 7 1 11 4 3 8 1 3 1 11 4 1 10 4 5 11 1 23.7 25.8 23.4 25.8 24.1 24.0 26.2 25.1 23.9 22.8 37.9 38.4 40.0 38.2 40.5 39.4 38.5 39.5 40.1 39.2 4 2 7 41 5 1 8 11 2 13 1 16 6 27 77 18 2 19 18 4 22 2 3 1 8 20 3 1 3 7 1 8 1 2 1 6 26 4 (1) 7 7 2 8 1 24.6 25.6 27.0 26.9 25.6 22.6 24.3 25.3 24.6 24.5 25.4 38.7 39.2 39.9 39.8 39.3 38.8 40.2 39.1 40.9 40.5 40.8 (1) 7 (1) Table 18. States: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Hours of work Average hours 35 hours and over Population group and State Total at work 1 to 14 hours 15 to 29 hours 30 to 34 hours Total 35 to 39 hours 40 hours 41 to 48 hours 49 hours and over Total at work Persons who usually work full time White Alabama ................................. Alaska ..................................... Arizona ................................... Arkansas ................................. California ................................ Colorado ................................. Connecticut ............................. Delaware ................................ District of Columbia ................ Florida ..................................... 1,506 229 1,938 937 11,871 1,950 1,382 281 98 5,518 69 14 80 46 598 108 67 14 4 214 195 27 225 117 1,569 242 182 37 9 601 131 22 195 76 1,114 181 131 23 8 445 1,112 166 1,438 699 8,590 1,419 1,002 208 76 4,258 100 21 123 48 704 134 117 24 6 359 486 63 716 348 4,334 573 424 96 28 2,061 177 27 206 110 1,247 259 176 33 13 648 349 55 393 193 2,305 452 285 54 29 1,190 39.9 40.7 39.6 39.7 38.8 39.6 39.1 38.8 41.8 40.2 43.8 44.9 43.3 43.4 42.9 43.6 43.4 42.6 44.3 43.5 Georgia ................................... Hawaii ..................................... Idaho ....................................... Illinois ...................................... Indiana .................................... Iowa ........................................ Kansas .................................... Kentucky ................................. Louisiana ................................ Maine ...................................... 2,550 136 579 4,785 2,650 1,419 1,189 1,627 1,305 587 107 8 39 238 151 81 82 78 64 36 294 21 79 600 319 192 149 184 156 79 207 13 57 454 233 123 113 147 112 67 1,942 93 404 3,493 1,948 1,022 846 1,218 973 405 149 9 47 310 158 104 70 128 88 52 898 41 165 1,541 810 399 346 549 444 165 331 12 73 615 371 201 142 216 148 74 564 31 119 1,027 608 318 287 324 293 114 40.1 39.2 38.8 39.5 39.8 39.6 39.7 39.6 40.3 38.5 43.6 44.3 43.7 43.5 44.0 44.1 44.6 43.1 43.9 43.0 Maryland ................................. Massachusetts ........................ Michigan ................................. Minnesota ............................... Mississippi .............................. Missouri .................................. Montana .................................. Nebraska ................................ Nevada ................................... New Hampshire ...................... 1,781 2,825 4,009 2,375 763 2,375 395 817 739 588 88 157 231 158 34 133 32 53 28 33 189 392 514 341 70 301 60 109 76 79 164 307 350 237 55 217 39 73 57 57 1,340 1,969 2,914 1,639 604 1,725 263 582 578 419 117 208 250 163 46 151 28 55 40 52 574 945 1,200 639 304 762 106 211 327 159 215 301 542 316 80 320 44 108 79 85 434 515 923 520 174 492 86 208 132 122 40.7 38.1 39.5 38.8 40.9 39.2 38.4 40.1 39.8 39.0 44.3 42.6 44.2 43.9 43.8 43.1 44.2 45.2 42.8 43.5 New Jersey ............................. New Mexico ............................ New York ................................ North Carolina ........................ North Dakota .......................... Ohio ........................................ Oklahoma ............................... Oregon .................................... Pennsylvania .......................... Rhode Island .......................... 3,051 658 6,338 2,683 311 4,578 1,263 1,465 4,905 418 142 31 319 111 21 246 66 99 291 22 392 90 875 280 45 589 147 197 671 60 262 68 543 220 27 397 118 147 436 49 2,255 469 4,601 2,071 218 3,346 932 1,022 3,508 287 268 46 659 159 22 287 89 104 357 40 1,061 224 2,129 1,074 82 1,453 427 451 1,598 130 343 67 617 322 39 624 147 182 592 49 583 132 1,196 516 75 983 269 286 960 68 38.9 39.1 38.6 39.6 39.7 39.4 39.6 38.4 38.7 37.8 42.7 43.5 42.8 42.7 44.8 43.8 43.3 43.1 43.3 41.9 South Carolina ........................ South Dakota .......................... Tennessee .............................. Texas ...................................... Utah ........................................ Vermont .................................. Virginia .................................... Washington ............................. West Virginia .......................... Wisconsin ............................... Wyoming ................................. 1,352 349 2,077 7,882 942 298 2,506 2,503 681 2,563 226 60 25 98 346 68 23 130 161 37 165 17 144 47 249 863 143 42 286 330 83 325 29 96 31 183 662 90 31 219 265 68 238 20 1,053 246 1,546 6,011 640 203 1,872 1,747 493 1,834 161 100 23 150 494 57 23 153 162 52 190 14 503 92 679 2,756 301 79 856 760 243 694 66 162 44 286 976 101 40 307 332 76 382 26 288 87 431 1,784 181 61 556 493 123 569 54 40.3 39.8 39.5 40.4 37.7 38.3 39.8 38.5 38.8 39.4 40.0 43.8 45.2 43.1 43.8 43.0 43.7 43.4 43.0 42.7 44.2 45.4 See footnotes at end of table. 89 Table 18. States: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Hours of work Average hours 35 hours and over Population group and State Total at work 1 to 14 hours 15 to 29 hours 30 to 34 hours Total 35 to 39 hours 40 hours 41 to 48 hours 49 hours and over Total at work Persons who usually work full time Black Alabama ................................. Alaska ..................................... Arizona ................................... Arkansas ................................. California ................................ Colorado ................................. Connecticut ............................. Delaware ................................ District of Columbia ................ Florida ..................................... 452 9 73 151 944 55 167 71 130 950 16 1 1 5 27 2 6 3 4 24 66 1 8 19 110 8 23 8 14 107 47 1 7 17 100 3 20 6 13 82 323 6 57 111 707 42 117 54 100 738 33 1 5 9 49 2 14 7 6 77 198 3 31 75 440 23 77 30 70 449 42 (1) 6 11 78 5 10 7 9 86 50 1 15 16 140 11 17 9 15 125 37.6 36.5 41.1 38.2 39.0 39.1 37.1 38.5 38.5 39.2 40.8 39.4 43.9 40.7 41.8 42.6 40.1 41.5 40.8 42.0 Georgia ................................... Hawaii ..................................... Illinois ...................................... Indiana .................................... Iowa ........................................ Kansas .................................... Kentucky ................................. Louisiana ................................ 1,098 8 692 182 19 75 102 510 34 (1) 16 7 3 4 6 19 113 1 80 25 3 11 13 56 93 (1) 66 21 2 6 9 41 858 6 530 129 11 54 74 394 68 (1) 47 15 1 5 8 33 530 3 352 67 7 29 46 258 106 1 49 18 2 8 7 42 154 2 82 28 2 13 13 61 39.3 42.3 38.6 38.5 33.4 38.1 37.5 38.8 41.7 49.4 41.4 42.0 40.3 42.1 41.4 41.3 Maryland ................................. Massachusetts ........................ Michigan ................................. Minnesota ............................... Mississippi .............................. Missouri .................................. Nebraska ................................ Nevada ................................... New Hampshire ...................... 637 128 499 62 374 220 25 54 6 26 6 27 1 14 7 1 2 1 57 13 66 12 40 22 2 4 1 65 9 42 9 35 24 3 4 1 489 99 364 39 287 166 20 44 3 43 11 26 4 29 16 1 3 1 ( ) 308 61 228 22 180 95 10 32 1 62 10 40 4 30 20 3 5 1 76 17 70 9 47 35 5 4 2 38.6 39.0 38.1 36.7 38.7 39.3 40.7 38.4 37.6 40.6 42.1 42.1 40.6 41.4 42.2 42.3 40.6 46.5 New Jersey ............................. New Mexico ............................ New York ................................ North Carolina ........................ Ohio ........................................ Oklahoma ............................... Oregon .................................... Pennsylvania .......................... Rhode Island .......................... 541 15 1,161 734 515 120 31 402 21 17 1 41 27 22 6 2 16 1 65 2 155 72 65 16 5 51 4 47 2 81 68 49 10 6 40 3 412 11 885 567 379 87 19 295 13 57 2 168 55 35 11 1 43 2 247 5 531 364 219 51 8 180 7 43 2 71 68 47 11 3 29 2 65 3 115 81 79 15 6 43 2 38.4 39.1 37.4 38.4 38.4 37.9 39.8 37.4 35.9 41.1 43.1 40.5 40.7 41.8 41.6 45.0 40.6 40.9 South Carolina ........................ South Dakota .......................... Tennessee .............................. Texas ...................................... Utah ........................................ Vermont .................................. Virginia .................................... Washington ............................. West Virginia .......................... Wisconsin ............................... Wyoming ................................. 445 2 430 1,053 7 1 616 71 19 95 2 17 (1) 17 38 1 1 ( ) 25 3 1 4 1 ( ) 47 (1) 44 115 1 (1) 65 8 3 14 1 ( ) 43 (1) 39 93 1 1 ( ) 58 5 3 8 1 ( ) 338 1 330 807 4 1 ( ) 467 55 12 70 2 36 (1) 29 68 1 1 ( ) 44 6 1 11 (1) 191 (1) 192 474 2 1 ( ) 258 29 7 37 1 49 (1) 38 98 1 ( ) 1 ( ) 59 6 1 7 (1) 62 (1) 70 166 1 (1) 106 13 2 15 1 38.7 37.5 39.3 39.5 34.1 34.7 39.3 41.7 35.7 38.8 40.6 41.7 43.3 41.9 42.2 41.0 48.1 42.3 45.1 40.3 41.6 45.6 See footnotes at end of table. 90 Table 18. States: Persons at work by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued (Numbers in thousands) Hours of work Average hours 35 hours and over Population group and State Total at work 1 to 14 hours 15 to 29 hours 30 to 34 hours 1 12 (1) 142 11 4 1 ( ) 1 26 2 1 50 1 478 27 18 1 2 112 1 1 49 1 385 35 13 2 1 88 Persons who usually work full time 35 to 39 hours 40 hours 41 to 48 hours 15 5 411 15 2,987 199 93 10 12 892 2 1 33 1 240 23 7 1 1 64 5 2 251 8 1,874 101 57 6 7 543 5 (1) 48 3 395 29 11 1 1 114 3 2 78 3 478 46 17 2 2 171 40.8 41.0 39.6 43.0 38.2 39.2 38.3 39.0 38.8 39.6 44.5 46.7 42.0 44.7 41.4 41.9 42.3 41.0 42.1 41.9 Total 49 hours and over Total at work Hispanic origin (1) Alabama ................................. Alaska ..................................... Arizona ................................... Arkansas ................................. California ................................ Colorado ................................. Connecticut ............................. Delaware ................................ District of Columbia ................ Florida ..................................... 19 7 523 17 3,993 271 128 13 15 1,118 Georgia ................................... Hawaii ..................................... Idaho ....................................... Illinois ...................................... Indiana .................................... Iowa ........................................ Kansas .................................... Kentucky ................................. Louisiana ................................ 96 16 55 513 60 33 55 15 45 3 1 1 8 3 2 2 1 2 9 3 7 39 5 3 7 1 ( ) 5 10 2 5 51 4 4 8 1 3 74 10 42 415 47 24 39 13 35 7 1 6 35 1 3 3 (1) 5 36 5 23 247 22 9 21 8 19 11 2 5 62 6 5 5 1 4 20 2 8 72 18 6 9 3 8 40.3 37.2 38.9 40.0 43.1 39.6 39.2 40.1 40.4 43.9 42.6 41.3 42.0 47.6 43.1 42.7 42.8 42.6 Maryland ................................. Massachusetts ........................ Michigan ................................. Minnesota ............................... Mississippi .............................. Missouri .................................. Montana .................................. Nebraska ................................ Nevada ................................... New Hampshire ...................... 114 124 139 56 13 33 8 29 125 8 2 5 3 1 12 13 15 4 1 3 1 3 10 1 14 15 13 4 1 4 (1) 3 9 1 86 92 108 46 10 26 6 23 102 6 8 8 7 8 1 1 1 2 8 1 55 63 60 22 6 11 2 12 71 2 8 10 19 4 2 4 1 5 10 1 15 11 22 11 2 9 2 4 13 2 39.1 37.5 40.2 41.8 40.9 41.5 37.3 39.8 39.3 41.4 41.6 40.7 43.1 44.7 42.2 43.8 44.4 43.5 41.4 46.1 New Jersey ............................. New Mexico ............................ New York ................................ North Carolina ........................ North Dakota .......................... Ohio ........................................ Oklahoma ............................... Oregon .................................... Pennsylvania .......................... Rhode Island .......................... 423 277 1,061 105 2 68 47 121 113 26 12 12 28 2 (1) 3 3 6 5 1 ( ) 46 44 130 12 (1) 5 5 19 14 2 34 31 76 5 (1) 6 5 12 12 4 331 191 827 86 1 54 35 85 82 20 37 19 130 13 (1) 4 3 9 12 2 194 114 458 47 (1) 30 21 46 44 13 40 23 80 14 (1) 8 5 10 12 3 59 35 159 12 (1) 12 6 19 15 2 38.9 37.4 39.1 39.1 37.8 39.1 37.6 38.1 38.5 39.0 41.5 41.7 41.9 40.4 45.8 41.8 40.7 42.5 41.2 40.4 South Carolina ........................ South Dakota .......................... Tennessee .............................. Texas ...................................... Utah ........................................ Vermont .................................. Virginia .................................... Washington ............................. Wisconsin ............................... Wyoming ................................. 15 5 18 2,598 60 1 102 123 45 10 1 (1) 1 ( ) 88 1 1 ( ) 5 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 234 6 (1) 9 14 4 1 13 3 14 1,979 46 1 74 93 36 7 1 5 1 7 1,082 27 (1) 37 49 18 4 3 1 3 286 6 1 ( ) 12 14 5 1 4 1 2 425 9 1 ( ) 18 20 9 2 42.7 38.1 39.8 39.3 39.5 28.4 39.0 39.4 42.0 40.6 46.6 41.3 42.0 42.3 41.7 39.8 42.2 41.1 45.5 44.5 (1) (1) 1 1 1 3 (1) 3 296 7 (1) 14 14 3 1 1 Less than 500 persons. (1) 2 186 4 (1) 7 9 3 1 ( ) because of rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals 91 Table 19. States: Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status, 1998 annual averages (In thousands) Usually work full time Population group and State Total Usually work part time Slack Vacation WeatherHoliday, work or or related legal or business personal curtailreligious conditions day ment Other reasons1 Total Slack work or business conditions Other Retired Could In Childfamily or or Social Other only find school personal Security reacare part-time or limit on sons2 problems obligawork training tions earnings TOTAL Alabama ............................... Alaska ................................... Arizona ................................. Arkansas ............................... California .............................. Colorado ............................... Connecticut ........................... Delaware .............................. District of Columbia .............. Florida ................................... 216 32 201 115 1,416 220 149 35 26 563 20 3 15 16 176 18 6 2 2 54 51 9 49 32 351 81 42 12 7 160 67 7 63 20 392 44 58 8 9 136 4 5 45 3 5 1 (3) 10 70 13 70 42 452 74 38 12 8 203 316 47 340 167 2,585 338 287 57 27 941 14 4 23 8 241 12 15 2 3 63 19 6 18 9 200 13 23 5 3 58 8 1 21 3 87 9 18 2 1 48 65 11 66 39 553 92 81 13 3 154 117 10 102 54 777 101 69 17 8 268 37 2 26 19 161 25 25 6 3 97 56 13 84 35 566 86 56 12 6 253 Georgia ................................. Hawaii ................................... Idaho ..................................... Illinois .................................... Indiana .................................. Iowa ...................................... Kansas .................................. Kentucky ............................... Louisiana .............................. Maine .................................... 353 60 62 545 277 145 135 182 192 69 34 8 9 34 17 12 8 16 22 6 100 12 17 170 87 44 40 48 47 17 85 27 13 181 63 33 34 46 47 20 19 (3) 2 25 25 13 6 8 12 6 115 13 21 135 85 43 47 64 64 20 501 99 117 951 484 269 243 259 264 115 22 10 7 39 15 7 7 12 18 7 23 13 8 55 20 13 13 22 23 9 17 2 2 39 14 5 6 10 8 3 114 19 35 213 136 74 63 52 48 26 138 28 35 303 149 91 90 75 81 26 47 8 9 100 52 31 29 25 19 14 140 19 21 202 98 48 35 63 67 30 Maryland ............................... Massachusetts ...................... Michigan ............................... Minnesota ............................. Mississippi ............................ Missouri ................................ Montana ................................ Nebraska .............................. Nevada ................................. New Hampshire .................... 284 312 396 261 107 294 45 83 68 61 15 14 39 18 13 19 5 6 9 3 79 68 121 104 24 94 14 27 19 17 97 145 105 56 25 68 9 18 15 22 11 10 10 6 6 18 1 7 1 4 82 75 121 77 39 95 16 25 24 15 321 586 858 520 144 418 95 165 115 112 17 19 31 16 8 14 6 6 8 4 21 25 63 23 14 22 10 6 7 5 14 32 29 10 3 11 1 2 4 4 85 170 220 149 23 80 25 45 22 35 86 172 290 166 43 164 26 62 29 33 42 55 76 49 14 54 8 15 10 12 56 113 149 107 39 73 19 29 35 19 New Jersey ........................... New Mexico .......................... New York .............................. North Carolina ...................... North Dakota ........................ Ohio ...................................... Oklahoma ............................. Oregon .................................. Pennsylvania ........................ Rhode Island ........................ 368 73 734 344 33 455 153 168 517 58 20 7 45 36 3 35 11 18 34 3 106 21 199 87 11 146 49 42 166 12 128 22 287 106 7 124 37 36 148 29 7 1 10 18 2 9 6 20 15 1 107 22 193 97 10 141 50 52 154 13 595 141 1,368 462 64 933 236 312 1,014 83 27 10 87 20 2 29 11 25 46 3 42 12 130 25 5 54 13 20 75 7 29 3 77 17 1 45 7 6 45 7 139 33 304 75 16 230 51 79 289 20 171 36 356 142 22 290 76 68 272 21 57 12 111 59 6 83 26 20 104 7 130 35 303 124 12 202 52 94 183 18 South Carolina ...................... South Dakota ........................ Tennessee ............................ Texas .................................... Utah ...................................... Vermont ................................ Virginia .................................. Washington ........................... West Virginia ........................ Wisconsin ............................. Wyoming ............................... 142 35 257 895 101 31 340 314 75 256 20 19 2 24 86 7 2 18 34 8 22 2 37 11 61 241 36 10 111 86 19 91 7 31 7 56 195 21 8 99 71 23 51 5 6 4 24 54 3 1 11 15 3 7 1 49 11 92 319 34 10 101 108 22 85 5 269 74 375 1,282 211 66 473 504 121 520 47 8 2 17 72 7 3 24 28 6 22 3 16 3 21 86 5 4 25 28 16 20 4 4 1 12 50 8 2 17 12 2 11 3 ( ) 49 14 78 239 65 21 117 131 27 162 15 91 28 107 414 85 16 138 148 32 166 15 23 10 43 97 11 8 41 29 11 58 4 78 16 97 324 30 12 111 128 27 81 6 (3) 8 See footnotes at end of table. 92 Table 19. States: Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status, 1998 annual averages — Continued (In thousands) Usually work full time Population group and State Total Usually work part time Slack Vacation WeatherHoliday, work or or related legal or business personal curtailreligious conditions day ment Other reasons1 Total Slack work or business conditions Other Retired Could In family or or Social Other Childonly find school personal Security reacare part-time or limit on sons2 problems obligawork training tions earnings Men Alabama ............................... Alaska ................................... Arizona ................................. Arkansas ............................... California .............................. Colorado ............................... Connecticut ........................... Delaware .............................. District of Columbia .............. Florida ................................... Georgia ................................. Hawaii ................................... Idaho ..................................... Illinois .................................... Indiana .................................. Iowa ...................................... Kansas .................................. Kentucky ............................... Louisiana .............................. Maine .................................... 99 17 101 53 758 109 69 16 12 264 172 31 33 270 128 72 68 87 92 34 10 2 9 8 120 10 3 1 1 32 24 5 6 22 10 7 4 8 11 4 22 5 25 16 189 42 20 5 3 77 52 7 9 84 38 22 20 24 22 8 31 4 32 10 190 23 26 4 4 58 39 13 7 86 32 16 17 21 22 9 (3) 8 3 4 42 3 4 1 3 ( ) 9 28 6 32 15 217 31 16 5 4 88 19 (3) 2 15 16 8 3 6 10 4 38 6 9 63 32 19 24 28 27 9 112 15 109 55 946 110 89 19 10 336 148 31 36 312 144 86 80 83 84 37 5 2 10 4 123 5 6 1 1 29 11 4 3 18 6 3 4 5 8 3 6 2 9 3 81 4 11 2 1 19 (3) (3) (3) (3) 6 6 3 24 7 5 5 10 7 3 (3) (3) (3) (3) Maryland ............................... Massachusetts ...................... Michigan ............................... Minnesota ............................. Mississippi ............................ Missouri ................................ Montana ................................ Nebraska .............................. Nevada ................................. New Hampshire .................... 139 149 200 131 54 146 22 41 34 30 10 8 22 11 8 10 3 3 5 1 36 35 64 55 13 44 7 14 9 9 47 67 53 25 11 34 5 7 7 11 10 6 7 4 4 12 1 4 1 2 36 33 54 36 18 46 6 13 12 7 112 161 253 162 53 170 32 53 43 29 7 10 15 7 3 9 3 2 4 2 6 11 18 8 6 11 4 2 2 1 New Jersey ........................... New Mexico .......................... New York .............................. North Carolina ...................... North Dakota ........................ Ohio ...................................... Oklahoma ............................. Oregon .................................. Pennsylvania ........................ Rhode Island ........................ 174 39 362 177 16 229 79 89 269 27 12 4 28 23 2 22 8 12 23 2 54 11 103 45 5 75 28 23 86 5 59 12 137 51 3 62 18 17 75 14 5 1 7 18 1 8 5 13 13 1 44 11 87 40 5 62 20 24 72 5 182 46 434 166 19 284 82 99 288 25 10 6 39 11 1 15 5 12 19 2 17 5 53 9 2 21 6 9 24 3 South Carolina ...................... South Dakota ........................ Tennessee ............................ Texas .................................... Utah ...................................... Vermont ................................ Virginia .................................. Washington ........................... West Virginia ........................ Wisconsin ............................. Wyoming ............................... 68 17 130 456 53 16 172 168 38 123 10 11 1 15 52 3 1 9 22 4 11 1 17 6 29 127 20 5 63 46 9 45 4 16 3 27 87 10 4 46 35 10 24 2 6 2 20 42 3 1 9 12 3 6 (3) 18 5 39 148 17 5 45 53 12 37 3 84 24 121 436 68 18 155 158 37 155 16 4 1 6 31 3 1 10 12 3 11 1 5 1 4 35 2 1 11 10 7 7 1 See footnotes at end of table. 93 (3) (3) (3) 5 1 1 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 55 4 41 24 377 48 33 9 4 122 24 1 12 10 88 14 15 3 2 56 20 5 33 11 219 32 17 4 2 98 8 2 2 9 2 5 3 2 2 62 9 16 133 65 42 39 30 35 11 25 4 5 51 26 16 14 18 12 7 36 6 7 75 38 15 15 17 21 11 3 6 10 9 2 2 1 2 2 2 46 73 129 82 23 82 14 29 14 13 28 28 41 29 8 33 4 8 6 6 22 31 39 26 11 33 6 10 15 5 5 2 20 3 1 10 3 5 8 1 73 16 153 63 9 133 36 28 129 8 38 7 63 35 3 47 14 9 57 4 38 10 105 45 3 55 18 36 50 7 3 1 6 13 3 1 6 7 2 6 1 40 12 45 192 41 6 71 69 13 69 8 8 4 26 51 6 4 21 15 6 33 2 24 5 34 112 13 5 36 45 6 28 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 1 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 2 1 4 3 53 6 7 3 ( ) (3) 11 2 1 (3) Table 19. States: Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status, 1998 annual averages — Continued (In thousands) Usually work full time Population group and State Total Usually work part time Slack Vacation WeatherHoliday, work or or related legal or business personal curtailreligious conditions day ment Other reasons1 Total Slack work or business conditions Other Retired Could In family or or Social Other Childonly find school personal Security reacare part-time or limit on sons2 problems obligawork training tions earnings Women Alabama ............................... Alaska ................................... Arizona ................................. Arkansas ............................... California .............................. Colorado ............................... Connecticut ........................... Delaware .............................. District of Columbia .............. Florida ................................... 117 15 100 62 658 110 80 19 15 299 10 1 6 8 56 7 3 1 1 22 28 4 24 17 163 39 22 7 4 83 36 3 31 11 202 20 32 4 5 79 (3) (3) 1 43 7 38 25 233 43 21 7 5 114 204 32 231 112 1,639 229 198 39 16 605 9 2 13 4 118 7 9 1 2 33 13 4 9 6 118 8 12 3 2 39 8 1 20 3 82 8 17 2 1 47 63 10 62 36 501 86 75 13 2 143 62 5 61 29 400 53 36 8 4 147 14 1 14 9 73 11 9 3 2 41 35 9 52 25 347 56 40 9 3 155 10 9 5 3 2 2 2 77 7 10 73 54 22 22 36 37 11 353 68 81 639 340 184 163 176 179 78 11 6 4 21 9 4 3 7 10 4 18 8 5 32 13 8 8 12 16 6 17 2 2 37 13 4 6 10 8 3 106 18 33 204 134 69 60 50 48 25 76 19 19 170 84 49 51 45 47 14 21 5 4 50 26 15 15 7 7 6 104 10 14 125 61 35 20 45 43 20 47 43 67 42 19 50 9 11 13 8 209 425 605 358 91 248 63 113 72 83 11 9 16 9 5 5 3 3 5 2 15 14 44 15 8 10 6 4 5 3 14 30 28 9 3 11 1 2 4 4 81 164 210 140 21 78 25 43 20 33 40 99 161 84 21 81 12 33 15 20 14 27 35 21 7 21 4 7 4 6 34 82 111 80 26 42 12 21 19 15 63 11 108 56 5 81 28 27 80 8 413 95 935 297 45 649 155 214 726 58 16 5 48 9 1 15 6 12 27 1 25 7 77 17 3 33 7 11 51 4 27 3 75 17 1 43 7 6 44 7 134 30 284 72 15 220 48 74 281 19 98 21 203 79 13 157 40 40 143 13 19 5 48 24 3 36 11 11 47 3 94 24 200 79 9 145 36 60 133 11 30 6 52 170 18 6 56 54 13 49 3 185 50 254 847 143 48 318 346 84 365 32 4 1 10 42 4 2 14 15 3 11 1 11 2 17 50 4 3 14 18 9 13 2 4 1 12 48 8 2 17 12 2 10 (3) 46 13 72 226 62 20 111 124 26 156 14 50 16 62 221 44 9 67 79 18 97 7 15 5 17 45 5 4 20 14 5 25 2 55 12 64 215 16 8 75 84 21 53 6 (3) (3) Georgia ................................. Hawaii ................................... Idaho ..................................... Illinois .................................... Indiana .................................. Iowa ...................................... Kansas .................................. Kentucky ............................... Louisiana .............................. Maine .................................... 181 29 28 275 149 73 67 95 100 35 10 3 4 11 7 6 4 7 11 2 48 5 8 85 48 23 20 24 25 9 46 14 6 96 31 17 18 26 25 11 (3) (3) (3) Maryland ............................... Massachusetts ...................... Michigan ............................... Minnesota ............................. Mississippi ............................ Missouri ................................ Montana ................................ Nebraska .............................. Nevada ................................. New Hampshire .................... 145 163 196 130 53 148 23 41 34 31 6 6 17 6 6 9 2 3 4 2 42 33 57 49 12 50 7 13 9 8 50 77 52 31 14 33 5 11 8 11 (3) New Jersey ........................... New Mexico .......................... New York .............................. North Carolina ...................... North Dakota ........................ Ohio ...................................... Oklahoma ............................. Oregon .................................. Pennsylvania ........................ Rhode Island ........................ 194 34 373 167 17 227 74 79 248 31 7 3 17 14 1 13 4 6 12 1 53 10 96 42 6 71 21 19 80 7 69 10 149 55 5 61 20 19 73 15 South Carolina ...................... South Dakota ........................ Tennessee ............................ Texas .................................... Utah ...................................... Vermont ................................ Virginia .................................. Washington ........................... West Virginia ........................ Wisconsin ............................. Wyoming ............................... 74 18 127 439 48 15 167 146 38 133 10 8 1 10 35 3 1 8 12 3 11 1 20 5 32 114 16 4 49 40 10 45 3 16 4 29 108 11 4 53 36 12 27 3 (3) (3) 1 1 4 1 2 4 3 2 2 6 3 2 (3) (3) (3) (3) 2 3 1 1 8 3 (3) 2 4 12 (3) (3) 1 4 (3) 1 (3) See footnotes at end of table. 94 Table 19. States: Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status, 1998 annual averages — Continued (In thousands) Usually work full time Population group and State Total Usually work part time Slack Vacation WeatherHoliday, work or or related legal or business personal curtailreligious conditions day ment Other reasons1 Total Slack work or business conditions Other Retired Could In family or or Social Other Childonly find school personal Security reacare part-time or limit on sons2 problems obligawork training tions earnings White Alabama ............................... Alaska ................................... Arizona ................................. Arkansas ............................... California .............................. Colorado ............................... Connecticut ........................... Delaware .............................. District of Columbia .............. Florida ................................... 154 26 185 93 1,141 209 124 27 11 472 13 2 14 13 151 17 5 1 1 44 41 8 47 27 289 77 35 10 4 139 46 6 55 18 297 41 47 6 4 115 3 3 42 3 5 1 (3) 8 49 10 66 32 362 71 32 9 2 166 247 39 324 148 2,224 335 263 47 10 810 6 2 23 5 216 12 14 2 1 46 10 4 17 7 160 13 16 3 (3) 44 5 1 20 2 74 9 17 2 (3) 40 58 10 64 36 503 93 80 11 1 142 92 8 92 47 631 98 62 14 3 229 34 2 25 19 138 25 24 5 1 88 42 12 83 32 502 85 50 10 4 221 Georgia ................................. Hawaii ................................... Idaho ..................................... Illinois .................................... Indiana .................................. Iowa ...................................... Kansas .................................. Kentucky ............................... Louisiana .............................. Maine .................................... 238 14 61 471 252 140 124 170 138 69 22 1 9 29 16 11 7 15 13 6 73 3 16 154 80 43 37 47 37 16 56 5 13 153 58 32 32 42 36 19 14 (3) 2 22 22 13 6 8 7 6 73 5 21 113 76 41 42 58 45 22 383 29 119 842 463 267 226 245 198 118 18 3 8 30 15 8 6 11 12 7 11 4 8 36 17 12 12 20 11 9 13 (3) 2 36 12 5 4 10 6 3 99 6 36 207 135 76 61 50 42 27 97 6 35 262 137 86 81 68 63 26 35 2 9 93 50 32 28 24 15 14 110 8 21 178 97 48 34 62 49 32 Maryland ............................... Massachusetts ...................... Michigan ............................... Minnesota ............................. Mississippi ............................ Missouri ................................ Montana ................................ Nebraska .............................. Nevada ................................. New Hampshire .................... 187 295 339 244 68 266 41 79 59 60 10 13 31 16 8 18 5 6 8 3 54 64 108 102 16 88 13 26 17 17 61 137 89 51 18 60 9 17 13 22 7 9 9 6 4 18 1 6 1 4 55 72 102 69 22 82 13 24 20 14 260 574 779 508 93 395 93 160 106 113 10 19 24 14 4 14 6 6 6 4 15 23 51 21 4 17 9 5 6 5 11 31 27 10 2 10 1 2 4 4 81 169 206 153 19 77 25 45 20 35 63 167 262 156 24 155 25 59 26 32 32 53 70 49 12 52 8 14 9 12 48 112 139 105 28 70 19 29 35 21 New Jersey ........................... New Mexico .......................... New York .............................. North Carolina ...................... North Dakota ........................ Ohio ...................................... Oklahoma ............................. Oregon .................................. Pennsylvania ........................ Rhode Island ........................ 296 64 596 250 31 395 132 154 468 54 17 7 38 23 3 29 9 16 31 3 90 19 168 71 11 134 42 39 155 12 102 18 229 76 7 107 32 32 133 28 6 1 10 13 2 9 6 17 15 1 81 19 151 67 8 116 43 50 134 10 514 130 1,166 369 64 859 205 299 952 79 18 10 63 16 2 27 8 24 38 3 30 10 92 11 5 46 10 20 68 6 26 3 68 14 1 42 6 5 41 7 130 31 282 71 16 221 48 76 284 20 138 33 292 114 22 258 64 61 249 19 53 10 103 47 6 76 23 19 100 7 119 33 266 96 12 189 46 94 172 17 South Carolina ...................... South Dakota ........................ Tennessee ............................ Texas .................................... Utah ...................................... Vermont ................................ Virginia .................................. Washington ........................... West Virginia ........................ Wisconsin ............................. Wyoming ............................... 100 32 209 763 97 30 264 285 72 236 20 11 2 20 76 7 2 13 32 8 21 2 28 11 50 210 35 9 89 78 18 85 7 24 6 48 167 19 8 76 64 22 47 5 3 4 22 46 3 1 9 14 3 6 1 34 9 69 264 33 10 77 97 21 77 5 204 72 331 1,138 210 67 386 492 119 515 47 5 2 13 63 7 3 16 29 6 22 3 7 3 16 68 5 5 14 27 16 19 4 4 1 11 45 8 2 13 12 2 9 1 43 14 76 230 64 22 109 130 26 166 15 69 28 87 359 83 15 106 140 31 159 14 20 10 42 87 11 8 35 29 11 57 4 56 14 86 286 32 12 93 125 27 83 6 (3) 5 See footnotes at end of table. 95 Table 19. States: Persons at work 1 to 34 hours by sex, race, reason for working less than 35 hours, and usual status, 1998 annual averages — Continued (In thousands) Usually work full time Population group and State Total Usually work part time Slack Vacation WeatherHoliday, work or or related legal or business personal curtailreligious conditions day ment Other reasons1 Total Slack work or business conditions Other Retired Could In family or or Social Other Childonly find school personal Security reacare part-time or limit on sons2 problems obligawork training tions earnings Black Alabama ............................... Arkansas ............................... California .............................. Connecticut ........................... Delaware .............................. District of Columbia .............. Florida ................................... 57 20 107 22 7 15 79 6 3 9 1 1 1 9 8 5 24 5 2 3 18 20 2 37 10 2 5 18 Georgia ................................. Hawaii ................................... Illinois .................................... Indiana .................................. Iowa ...................................... Kansas .................................. Kentucky ............................... Louisiana .............................. 113 (4) 58 24 4 ( ) 7 (4) 52 11 (4) 4 1 4 ( ) 1 (4) 9 27 (4) 11 7 4 ( ) 2 (4) 10 28 (4) 21 5 4 ( ) 2 (4) 10 Maryland ............................... Massachusetts ...................... Michigan ............................... Minnesota ............................. Mississippi ............................ Missouri ................................ Nebraska .............................. Nevada ................................. 91 12 48 (4) 38 23 3 4 5 1 7 23 2 11 4 ( ) 8 5 1 1 33 5 14 4 ( ) 7 6 3 ( ) 1 New Jersey ........................... New York .............................. North Carolina ...................... Ohio ...................................... Oklahoma ............................. Pennsylvania ........................ Rhode Island ........................ 57 104 79 55 11 44 3 2 6 11 6 1 3 (3) 13 21 13 11 4 9 (3) 20 42 25 14 3 14 1 South Carolina ...................... Tennessee ............................ Texas .................................... Virginia .................................. Wisconsin ............................. 42 48 111 66 13 7 5 9 5 9 11 25 18 4 7 8 23 19 2 (4) (3) (3) (3) 6 1 (3) (3) (3) 3 1 1 20 9 36 6 2 6 32 75 21 133 28 10 17 136 42 (4) 20 8 4 ( ) 2 (4) 18 127 2 108 31 6 14 18 66 27 3 15 4 ( ) 15 11 2 2 58 17 90 14 51 32 3 6 20 35 26 24 3 18 2 16 22 47 22 6 2 (4) (4) (3) (4) 5 2 3 5 (4) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 3 1 1 2 2 4 3 2 7 2 1 1 Includes seasonal work, job started or ended, own illness, child-care problems, other family or personal obligations, labor dispute, in school or training, civic or military duty, and all other reasons. 2 Includes seasonal work, health and medical limitations, full-time workweek less than 35 hours, and all other reasons. 9 3 12 2 1 2 16 10 3 16 7 2 3 16 5 14 (3) 19 3 1 2 2 13 (3) (3) 9 1 1 1 7 1 6 2 12 2 10 5 1 1 74 179 92 83 22 65 5 10 22 5 3 2 10 (3) 12 36 14 10 3 10 1 67 53 142 86 (4) 3 4 12 8 (4) 10 5 20 12 (4) (3) 7 1 8 2 4 1 (3) (3) (3) 3 1 3 8 (3) (3) (3) 4 3 1 1 2 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (4) 3 1 3 1 1 3 8 3 4 4 1 1 3 4 9 3 14 3 2 1 14 25 7 43 7 3 4 39 4 1 9 1 1 2 8 15 3 36 8 1 5 35 16 (3) 9 5 3 ( ) 2 3 6 41 1 30 13 3 5 6 19 12 (3) 8 2 3 ( ) 1 1 4 35 1 30 6 2 2 5 15 5 2 15 1 5 6 1 1 17 5 29 4 18 9 (3) 1 10 2 7 1 3 3 3 ( ) (3) 10 4 16 4 10 7 1 2 7 21 5 11 2 6 (3) 25 51 26 28 8 17 2 3 7 12 6 2 4 (3) 14 34 27 21 5 14 2 7 6 8 9 21 22 47 30 (4) 3 2 11 6 (4) 22 13 41 17 (4) (4) 3 Less than 500 persons. 4 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample in that area. See appendix B. NOTE: Items may not add to totals because of rounding. 96 Table 20. States: Employed persons with a job but not at work by reason, 1998 annual averages (In thousands) State Total Vacation Child-care problems1 Own illness Other reasons2 Alabama ............................................................................. Alaska ................................................................................. Arizona ............................................................................... Arkansas ............................................................................. California ............................................................................ Colorado ............................................................................. Connecticut ......................................................................... Delaware ............................................................................ District of Columbia ............................................................ Florida ................................................................................. 79 20 77 42 636 87 78 16 9 284 37 12 41 18 339 50 52 8 4 163 11 2 9 5 78 11 8 2 1 31 17 2 14 11 124 12 11 4 1 56 14 4 13 8 95 14 7 2 3 34 Georgia ............................................................................... Hawaii ................................................................................. Idaho ................................................................................... Illinois .................................................................................. Indiana ................................................................................ Iowa .................................................................................... Kansas ................................................................................ Kentucky ............................................................................. Louisiana ............................................................................ Maine .................................................................................. 150 28 26 262 125 59 51 90 86 29 72 14 14 153 64 31 25 45 44 15 20 3 3 23 12 6 5 8 6 3 34 7 4 51 23 10 11 17 18 5 24 4 5 35 26 12 10 20 18 6 Maryland ............................................................................. Massachusetts .................................................................... Michigan ............................................................................. Minnesota ........................................................................... Mississippi .......................................................................... Missouri .............................................................................. Montana .............................................................................. Nebraska ............................................................................ Nevada ............................................................................... New Hampshire .................................................................. 110 145 216 102 50 106 22 30 34 27 60 88 116 55 26 53 10 17 19 16 10 15 22 11 5 16 3 4 3 3 25 26 51 17 11 19 3 3 7 5 15 16 27 19 8 18 6 6 5 3 New Jersey ......................................................................... New Mexico ........................................................................ New York ............................................................................ North Carolina .................................................................... North Dakota ...................................................................... Ohio .................................................................................... Oklahoma ........................................................................... Oregon ................................................................................ Pennsylvania ...................................................................... Rhode Island ...................................................................... 169 32 408 134 14 258 65 78 235 26 101 16 241 70 7 147 33 38 126 14 16 5 37 18 2 25 6 9 21 2 34 4 80 28 2 50 15 15 54 7 18 7 50 18 3 36 11 16 34 3 South Carolina .................................................................... South Dakota ...................................................................... Tennessee .......................................................................... Texas .................................................................................. Utah .................................................................................... Vermont .............................................................................. Virginia ................................................................................ Washington ......................................................................... West Virginia ...................................................................... Wisconsin ........................................................................... Wyoming ............................................................................. 75 19 116 366 42 16 142 142 42 127 11 34 8 57 193 23 9 88 72 21 71 6 8 2 14 43 5 1 13 14 2 13 1 19 2 24 73 6 3 21 24 12 23 2 14 7 21 57 8 3 20 32 7 20 2 1 Includes maternity or paternity leave and other family obligations. 2 Includes labor dispute, bad weather, in school or training, civic or military duty, and all other reasons. NOTE: Items may not add to totals because of rounding. 97 Table 21. States: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and reason for unemployment, 1998 annual averages Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs1 Total unemployed Population group and State Number (In thousands) Percent Total On temporary layoff Job leavers Reentrants New entrants TOTAL Alabama ................................................................. Alaska ..................................................................... Arizona ................................................................... Arkansas ................................................................. California ................................................................ Colorado ................................................................. Delaware ................................................................ District of Columbia ................................................ Florida ..................................................................... 91 18 94 67 969 86 15 24 310 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 44.0 50.0 36.2 40.3 46.6 37.2 46.7 33.3 48.4 9.9 22.2 16.0 11.9 13.5 11.6 20.0 4.2 9.7 12.1 16.7 14.9 16.4 9.4 15.1 20.0 8.3 11.6 34.1 33.3 43.6 32.8 33.8 41.9 33.3 50.0 33.2 8.8 5.6 6.4 10.4 10.0 5.8 6.7 8.3 6.8 Georgia ................................................................... Hawaii ..................................................................... Idaho ....................................................................... Illinois ...................................................................... Kansas .................................................................... Kentucky ................................................................. Louisiana ................................................................ Maine ...................................................................... 169 37 33 277 54 89 118 29 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 41.4 48.6 51.5 46.6 44.4 37.1 39.8 48.3 9.5 13.5 27.3 13.4 13.0 14.6 11.9 20.7 14.2 8.1 12.1 11.9 16.7 14.6 12.7 17.2 33.1 35.1 27.3 35.4 37.0 39.3 31.4 31.0 11.2 10.8 6.1 6.5 3.7 9.0 16.1 3.4 Maryland ................................................................. Massachusetts ........................................................ Michigan ................................................................. Mississippi .............................................................. Missouri .................................................................. Montana .................................................................. Nevada ................................................................... 125 109 194 68 119 26 40 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 48.0 56.0 50.0 35.3 42.0 42.3 50.0 11.2 21.1 21.1 11.8 14.3 19.2 12.5 6.4 11.0 10.8 11.8 12.6 15.4 12.5 39.2 26.6 31.4 38.2 37.8 38.5 30.0 6.4 5.5 8.2 13.2 7.6 3.8 5.0 New Jersey ............................................................. New Mexico ............................................................ New York ................................................................ North Carolina ........................................................ North Dakota .......................................................... Ohio ........................................................................ Oklahoma ............................................................... Oregon .................................................................... Pennsylvania .......................................................... Rhode Island .......................................................... 192 51 498 131 11 242 74 98 275 24 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 51.6 45.1 46.6 43.5 36.4 45.9 43.2 49.0 50.9 45.8 14.1 13.7 12.9 12.2 27.3 19.0 9.5 18.4 19.6 16.7 7.8 11.8 8.6 17.6 9.1 12.8 13.5 12.2 10.5 12.5 30.7 35.3 36.3 32.8 36.4 33.1 36.5 34.7 28.4 33.3 9.9 9.8 8.4 6.1 9.1 8.3 5.4 4.1 9.8 8.3 South Carolina ........................................................ Tennessee .............................................................. Texas ...................................................................... Utah ........................................................................ Washington ............................................................. West Virginia .......................................................... Wisconsin ............................................................... Wyoming ................................................................. 75 116 487 40 145 53 99 12 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 44.0 46.6 39.6 40.0 46.2 41.5 47.5 41.7 12.0 12.9 8.6 12.5 15.9 13.2 21.2 16.7 16.0 12.9 12.9 15.0 11.0 9.4 11.1 16.7 30.7 32.8 37.2 37.5 35.9 34.0 36.4 41.7 8.0 6.9 10.1 5.0 6.2 13.2 6.1 8.3 Men Alaska ..................................................................... Arkansas ................................................................. California ................................................................ District of Columbia ................................................ Florida ..................................................................... 11 35 535 10 155 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 54.5 48.6 52.3 40.0 53.5 27.3 14.3 13.6 10.0 10.3 9.1 14.3 9.7 10.0 9.0 27.3 22.9 28.8 40.0 31.0 9.1 11.4 9.3 10.0 6.5 Georgia ................................................................... Hawaii ..................................................................... Idaho ....................................................................... Illinois ...................................................................... Kentucky ................................................................. Louisiana ................................................................ 84 19 19 147 45 58 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 48.8 52.6 57.9 54.4 46.7 44.8 10.7 10.5 31.6 16.3 22.2 15.5 14.3 5.3 10.5 11.6 17.8 13.8 26.2 31.6 26.3 26.5 28.9 25.9 10.7 10.5 5.3 7.5 8.9 15.5 Maryland ................................................................. Massachusetts ........................................................ Michigan ................................................................. Mississippi .............................................................. Montana .................................................................. 68 66 114 33 15 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 60.3 66.7 56.1 39.4 46.7 13.2 22.7 23.7 9.1 26.7 2.9 9.1 12.3 15.2 13.3 33.8 18.2 24.6 30.3 33.3 4.4 6.1 7.0 12.1 6.7 See footnotes at end of table. 98 Table 21. States: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and reason for unemployment, 1998 annual averages — Continued Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs1 Total unemployed Population group and State Number (In thousands) Percent Total On temporary layoff Job leavers Reentrants New entrants Men–Continued New Jersey ............................................................. New Mexico ............................................................ New York ................................................................ Ohio ........................................................................ Oregon .................................................................... Pennsylvania .......................................................... Rhode Island .......................................................... Texas ...................................................................... Washington ............................................................. West Virginia .......................................................... Wyoming ................................................................. 103 29 257 133 55 150 13 240 80 33 7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 54.4 55.2 54.5 56.4 52.7 58.7 46.2 47.5 48.8 48.5 57.1 12.6 17.2 15.2 23.3 16.4 23.3 15.4 9.2 16.3 18.2 14.3 7.8 10.3 8.2 12.8 12.7 11.3 15.4 12.9 12.5 9.1 14.3 25.2 27.6 29.2 24.8 30.9 22.0 23.1 30.4 30.0 30.3 28.6 11.7 6.9 8.6 6.8 3.6 8.0 7.7 8.8 8.8 12.1 2 ( ) Women Alaska ..................................................................... Arkansas ................................................................. California ................................................................ District of Columbia ................................................ Florida ..................................................................... 8 32 433 14 155 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 37.5 31.3 40.0 28.6 43.2 12.5 9.4 13.4 7.1 8.4 25.0 15.6 9.2 7.1 14.2 37.5 40.6 40.2 50.0 35.5 (2) 12.5 10.9 7.1 7.1 Georgia ................................................................... Hawaii ..................................................................... Idaho ....................................................................... Illinois ...................................................................... Kentucky ................................................................. Louisiana ................................................................ Michigan ................................................................. Mississippi .............................................................. Montana .................................................................. 85 18 14 131 43 59 81 36 11 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 34.1 44.4 42.9 37.4 27.9 35.6 40.7 30.6 36.4 8.2 16.7 21.4 9.9 7.0 8.5 17.3 11.1 18.2 14.1 5.6 14.3 12.2 14.0 11.9 9.9 8.3 18.2 40.0 38.9 35.7 45.0 51.2 37.3 40.7 47.2 45.5 11.8 11.1 7.1 5.3 9.3 16.9 8.6 13.9 9.1 New Jersey ............................................................. New Mexico ............................................................ New York ................................................................ North Carolina ........................................................ Ohio ........................................................................ Oregon .................................................................... Pennsylvania .......................................................... Texas ...................................................................... West Virginia .......................................................... Wyoming ................................................................. 89 23 241 68 108 43 125 247 20 6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 48.3 30.4 38.2 41.2 33.3 44.2 42.4 32.0 30.0 33.3 15.7 8.7 10.0 11.8 13.9 18.6 15.2 8.5 5.0 (2) 7.9 13.0 9.1 19.1 13.0 11.6 10.4 13.0 10.0 16.7 36.0 43.5 44.0 30.9 43.5 39.5 36.0 43.7 45.0 33.3 7.9 8.7 8.3 8.8 10.2 2.3 12.0 11.3 15.0 16.7 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years California ................................................................ New York ................................................................ Ohio ........................................................................ Texas ...................................................................... 159 78 52 127 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 15.1 16.7 15.4 13.4 6.9 7.7 3.8 2.4 4.4 3.8 7.7 11.8 43.4 52.6 50.0 44.9 37.1 26.9 26.9 29.9 White Alaska ..................................................................... Arizona ................................................................... Arkansas ................................................................. California ................................................................ Colorado ................................................................. District of Columbia ................................................ Florida ..................................................................... Idaho ....................................................................... Illinois ...................................................................... Kansas .................................................................... Kentucky ................................................................. Louisiana ................................................................ Maine ...................................................................... Massachusetts ........................................................ Michigan ................................................................. Missouri .................................................................. Montana .................................................................. 13 86 39 750 78 4 222 32 194 43 78 54 28 96 141 91 23 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 53.8 37.2 46.2 48.5 38.5 25.0 50.0 53.1 45.4 48.8 37.2 42.6 50.0 57.3 52.5 45.1 43.5 30.8 16.3 15.4 14.9 12.8 (2) 10.8 28.1 14.4 14.0 15.4 13.0 21.4 21.9 24.8 16.5 21.7 15.4 14.0 17.9 9.3 14.1 25.0 12.6 12.5 14.9 14.0 14.1 14.8 17.9 11.5 12.1 12.1 13.0 30.8 41.9 28.2 32.4 42.3 50.0 31.5 28.1 32.5 32.6 39.7 29.6 32.1 25.0 28.4 36.3 34.8 (2) 7.0 5.1 9.7 5.1 (2) 5.4 6.3 6.7 2.3 9.0 13.0 3.6 5.2 7.1 6.6 4.3 See footnotes at end of table. 99 Table 21. States: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and reason for unemployment, 1998 annual averages — Continued Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs1 Total unemployed Population group and State Number (In thousands) Percent Total On temporary layoff Job leavers Reentrants New entrants White–Continued Nevada ................................................................... 32 100.0 50.0 12.5 15.6 28.1 6.3 New Jersey ............................................................. New Mexico ............................................................ New York ................................................................ North Carolina ........................................................ Ohio ........................................................................ Oklahoma ............................................................... Oregon .................................................................... Pennsylvania .......................................................... Rhode Island .......................................................... Tennessee .............................................................. Texas ...................................................................... Utah ........................................................................ Washington ............................................................. West Virginia .......................................................... Wyoming ................................................................. 133 45 320 70 188 49 90 216 20 83 356 37 125 50 12 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 53.4 44.4 48.8 47.1 47.3 38.8 48.9 54.2 45.0 45.8 41.3 40.5 49.6 42.0 41.7 16.5 13.3 15.3 14.3 20.7 8.2 17.8 22.7 15.0 15.7 10.1 10.8 17.6 12.0 16.7 9.0 13.3 10.6 18.6 13.8 16.3 13.3 12.0 15.0 13.3 13.5 16.2 12.0 10.0 16.7 30.1 35.6 34.1 28.6 30.9 36.7 34.4 25.5 30.0 33.7 36.0 37.8 33.6 34.0 33.3 7.5 8.9 6.9 7.1 8.0 6.1 3.3 8.8 5.0 7.2 9.3 5.4 4.8 12.0 8.3 Black Arkansas ................................................................. California ................................................................ District of Columbia ................................................ Florida ..................................................................... 28 112 19 79 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 32.1 40.2 36.8 43.0 7.1 8.0 5.3 5.1 10.7 7.1 5.3 8.9 35.7 42.9 52.6 36.7 17.9 9.8 10.5 10.1 Georgia ................................................................... Illinois ...................................................................... Louisiana ................................................................ Mississippi .............................................................. 101 75 63 43 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 39.6 48.0 36.5 32.6 8.9 10.7 9.5 9.3 12.9 4.0 12.7 11.6 33.7 42.7 31.7 39.5 13.9 4.0 17.5 16.3 New Jersey ............................................................. New York ................................................................ Pennsylvania .......................................................... Texas ...................................................................... 53 156 53 117 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 49.1 41.7 41.5 35.9 7.5 7.7 9.4 5.1 7.5 5.1 5.7 12.8 32.1 42.3 41.5 41.9 13.2 10.9 11.3 10.3 Hispanic origin California ................................................................ Florida ..................................................................... New Mexico ............................................................ New York ................................................................ Texas ...................................................................... 385 74 28 108 185 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 48.6 56.8 46.4 44.4 39.5 16.9 9.5 14.3 9.3 10.3 6.8 9.5 10.7 9.3 11.9 31.9 25.7 32.1 40.7 35.1 12.7 8.1 10.7 5.6 13.5 1 Formerly called "job losers". 2 Less than 500 persons or less than 0.05 percent. NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed percentages because of rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. 100 Table 22. States: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and duration of unemployment, 1998 annual averages Total unemployed Population group and State Number (in thousands) Percent 15 weeks and over Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 27 weeks and over Total 15 to 26 weeks Total 27 to 51 weeks 52 weeks and over TOTAL Alabama ........................................... Alaska ............................................... Arizona ............................................. Arkansas ........................................... California .......................................... Colorado ........................................... Delaware .......................................... District of Columbia .......................... Florida ............................................... 91 18 94 67 969 86 15 24 310 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 40.7 50.0 52.1 35.8 40.0 55.8 46.7 25.0 43.5 34.1 33.3 29.8 35.8 29.9 26.7 33.3 29.2 31.3 25.3 22.2 19.1 26.9 30.0 18.6 20.0 41.7 25.2 14.3 11.1 8.5 17.9 13.0 7.0 6.7 16.7 12.6 11.0 11.1 10.6 10.4 17.0 11.6 13.3 25.0 12.6 5.5 5.6 4.3 6.0 6.9 5.8 6.7 12.5 6.8 5.5 5.6 6.4 4.5 10.0 5.8 6.7 16.7 5.8 Georgia ............................................. Hawaii ............................................... Idaho ................................................. Illinois ................................................ Kansas .............................................. Kentucky ........................................... Louisiana .......................................... Maine ................................................ 169 37 33 277 54 89 118 29 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 43.8 27.0 45.5 39.7 53.7 47.2 43.2 37.9 30.8 35.1 33.3 32.1 29.6 27.0 33.1 31.0 25.4 37.8 18.2 28.2 16.7 24.7 23.7 27.6 13.0 13.5 12.1 12.6 7.4 9.0 7.6 13.8 12.4 24.3 6.1 15.5 7.4 15.7 16.1 17.2 7.1 8.1 3.0 6.1 3.7 6.7 5.9 6.9 4.7 16.2 3.0 9.0 3.7 9.0 10.2 10.3 Maryland ........................................... Massachusetts .................................. Michigan ........................................... Mississippi ........................................ Missouri ............................................ Montana ............................................ Nevada ............................................. 125 109 194 68 119 26 40 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 34.4 39.4 51.0 42.6 39.5 46.2 47.5 36.0 37.6 30.9 29.4 31.9 34.6 27.5 29.6 23.9 18.0 29.4 28.6 19.2 25.0 10.4 12.8 9.8 10.3 19.3 11.5 12.5 19.2 10.1 8.2 17.6 9.2 11.5 12.5 9.6 6.4 3.1 7.4 4.2 3.8 5.0 9.6 3.7 5.2 10.3 5.0 3.8 5.0 New Jersey ....................................... New Mexico ...................................... New York .......................................... North Carolina .................................. North Dakota .................................... Ohio .................................................. Oklahoma ......................................... Oregon .............................................. Pennsylvania .................................... Rhode Island .................................... 192 51 498 131 11 242 74 98 275 24 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 34.9 43.1 32.5 43.5 45.5 44.2 47.3 45.9 38.5 33.3 33.9 27.5 29.1 31.3 27.3 33.5 33.8 29.6 32.4 41.7 31.3 29.4 38.2 26.0 27.3 22.3 18.9 25.5 28.7 25.0 14.6 15.7 14.7 12.2 9.1 10.7 10.8 12.2 13.1 12.5 16.7 13.7 23.5 13.7 9.1 11.6 6.8 13.3 15.6 16.7 8.3 3.9 8.0 6.9 9.1 5.0 2.7 7.1 5.1 8.3 8.3 9.8 15.5 6.9 9.1 6.6 4.1 7.1 10.9 8.3 South Carolina .................................. Tennessee ........................................ Texas ................................................ Utah .................................................. Washington ....................................... West Virginia .................................... Wisconsin ......................................... Wyoming ........................................... 75 116 487 40 145 53 99 12 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 50.7 42.2 46.8 55.0 42.1 30.2 48.5 50.0 26.7 34.5 32.0 27.5 31.7 28.3 32.3 33.3 22.7 22.4 21.1 17.5 26.2 41.5 19.2 25.0 14.7 12.9 10.3 7.5 13.1 15.1 12.1 8.3 6.7 9.5 10.9 7.5 12.4 26.4 7.1 8.3 4.0 5.2 5.3 2.5 6.2 13.2 3.0 8.3 4.0 4.3 5.5 5.0 6.2 13.2 5.1 .0 Men Alaska ............................................... Arkansas ........................................... California .......................................... District of Columbia .......................... Florida ............................................... 11 35 535 10 155 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 45.5 34.3 37.9 30.0 45.2 27.3 37.1 30.7 30.0 30.3 18.2 28.6 31.6 40.0 24.5 9.1 17.1 13.1 20.0 13.5 9.1 11.4 18.3 30.0 11.6 9.1 2.9 7.9 10.0 6.5 9.1 5.7 10.5 10.0 4.5 Georgia ............................................. Hawaii ............................................... Idaho ................................................. Illinois ................................................ Kentucky ........................................... Louisiana .......................................... 84 19 19 147 45 58 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 44.0 26.3 42.1 38.8 42.2 51.7 28.6 31.6 36.8 33.3 28.9 32.8 27.4 47.4 21.1 27.2 28.9 17.2 15.5 15.8 15.8 12.2 13.3 5.2 11.9 31.6 5.3 15.0 15.6 12.1 9.5 5.3 5.3 6.1 6.7 5.2 2.4 26.3 5.3 9.5 11.1 6.9 Maryland ........................................... Massachusetts .................................. Michigan ........................................... Mississippi ........................................ Montana ............................................ 68 66 114 33 15 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 36.8 36.4 50.0 39.4 46.7 33.8 37.9 31.6 27.3 33.3 29.4 25.8 17.5 30.3 20.0 10.3 13.6 8.8 12.1 13.3 19.1 12.1 9.6 18.2 13.3 10.3 7.6 3.5 6.1 6.7 7.4 4.5 6.1 15.2 6.7 See footnotes at end of table. 101 Table 22. States: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and duration of unemployment, 1998 annual averages — Continued Total unemployed Population group and State Number (in thousands) Percent 15 weeks and over Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 27 weeks and over Total 15 to 26 weeks Total 27 to 51 weeks 52 weeks and over Men–Continued New Jersey ....................................... New Mexico ...................................... New York .......................................... Ohio .................................................. Oregon .............................................. Pennsylvania .................................... Rhode Island .................................... Texas ................................................ Washington ....................................... West Virginia .................................... Wyoming ........................................... 103 29 257 133 55 150 13 240 80 33 7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 33.0 37.9 30.7 45.9 41.8 38.0 30.8 45.0 41.3 27.3 42.9 35.9 27.6 29.2 33.1 29.1 31.3 38.5 32.5 31.3 30.3 28.6 31.1 34.5 40.5 21.8 29.1 30.7 30.8 22.5 26.3 42.4 14.3 14.6 13.8 15.2 11.3 10.9 12.0 15.4 9.6 11.3 12.1 14.3 16.5 17.2 25.3 10.5 16.4 18.7 15.4 12.9 15.0 30.3 14.3 8.7 6.9 8.9 3.0 7.3 5.3 7.7 5.8 7.5 12.1 .0 8.7 13.8 16.3 7.5 9.1 13.3 7.7 7.1 7.5 15.2 .0 Women Alaska ............................................... Arkansas ........................................... California .......................................... District of Columbia .......................... Florida ............................................... 8 32 433 14 155 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 50.0 37.5 42.7 21.4 41.9 25.0 34.4 29.1 28.6 32.3 12.5 28.1 28.2 42.9 25.8 12.5 15.6 12.9 14.3 12.3 .0 9.4 15.2 28.6 13.5 .0 6.3 5.8 7.1 7.1 .0 3.1 9.5 14.3 7.1 Georgia ............................................. Hawaii ............................................... Idaho ................................................. Illinois ................................................ Kentucky ........................................... Louisiana .......................................... Michigan ........................................... Mississippi ........................................ Montana ............................................ 85 18 14 131 43 59 81 36 11 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 44.7 33.3 50.0 40.5 53.5 37.3 50.6 44.4 45.5 32.9 38.9 35.7 30.5 25.6 33.9 29.6 30.6 36.4 23.5 33.3 14.3 29.0 20.9 30.5 18.5 25.0 18.2 10.6 11.1 7.1 13.0 7.0 10.2 12.3 8.3 9.1 11.8 16.7 7.1 15.3 16.3 20.3 6.2 16.7 9.1 5.9 11.1 .0 6.9 7.0 6.8 2.5 8.3 .0 7.1 11.1 .0 9.2 9.3 13.6 3.7 8.3 9.1 New Jersey ....................................... New Mexico ...................................... New York .......................................... North Carolina .................................. Ohio .................................................. Oregon .............................................. Pennsylvania .................................... Texas ................................................ West Virginia .................................... Wyoming ........................................... 89 23 241 68 108 43 125 247 20 6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 37.1 47.8 34.9 44.1 43.5 48.8 39.2 48.6 35.0 50.0 32.6 26.1 29.5 29.4 34.3 30.2 33.6 31.2 25.0 16.7 31.5 26.1 36.1 26.5 23.1 20.9 26.4 19.8 40.0 16.7 14.6 17.4 14.5 11.8 10.2 11.6 14.4 10.9 15.0 16.7 15.7 8.7 21.6 14.7 12.0 9.3 12.8 8.9 20.0 16.7 7.9 4.3 7.1 8.8 6.5 4.7 4.8 4.9 15.0 .0 7.9 4.3 14.5 5.9 5.6 2.3 8.0 4.5 10.0 .0 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years California .......................................... New York .......................................... Ohio .................................................. Texas ................................................ 159 78 52 127 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 50.3 41.0 55.8 54.3 30.2 30.8 28.8 35.4 19.5 26.9 13.5 10.2 11.3 11.5 9.6 4.7 8.8 15.4 5.8 4.7 5.0 7.7 1.9 2.4 3.8 7.7 3.8 2.4 White Alaska ............................................... Arizona ............................................. Arkansas ........................................... California .......................................... Colorado ........................................... District of Columbia .......................... Florida ............................................... Idaho ................................................. Illinois ................................................ Kansas .............................................. Kentucky ........................................... Louisiana .......................................... Maine ................................................ Massachusetts .................................. Michigan ........................................... Missouri ............................................ Montana ............................................ Nevada ............................................. 13 86 39 750 78 4 222 32 194 43 78 54 28 96 141 91 23 32 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 53.8 52.3 43.6 41.5 55.1 50.0 47.3 46.9 43.3 53.5 47.4 50.0 39.3 39.6 53.2 42.9 47.8 50.0 30.8 30.2 33.3 30.4 25.6 25.0 28.8 34.4 33.5 27.9 26.9 35.2 32.1 37.5 30.5 31.9 34.8 28.1 23.1 17.4 23.1 28.1 17.9 25.0 23.4 18.8 23.2 18.6 25.6 14.8 28.6 22.9 16.3 25.3 17.4 21.9 7.7 8.1 12.8 12.9 6.4 .0 12.6 12.5 11.9 9.3 10.3 7.4 14.3 12.5 9.9 16.5 8.7 12.5 7.7 9.3 7.7 15.2 12.8 25.0 10.8 6.3 11.3 9.3 15.4 9.3 14.3 10.4 6.4 8.8 4.3 9.4 7.7 3.5 5.1 5.9 5.1 .0 5.9 3.1 6.2 4.7 6.4 3.7 7.1 6.3 3.5 4.4 4.3 6.3 7.7 5.8 5.1 9.5 6.4 .0 5.0 3.1 5.7 4.7 10.3 5.6 7.1 4.2 2.8 4.4 4.3 3.1 See footnotes at end of table. 102 Table 22. States: Percent distribution of unemployed persons by sex, age, race, Hispanic origin, and duration of unemployment, 1998 annual averages — Continued Total unemployed Population group and State Number (in thousands) Percent 15 weeks and over Less than 5 weeks 5 to 14 weeks 27 weeks and over Total 15 to 26 weeks Total 27 to 51 weeks 52 weeks and over White–Continued New Jersey ....................................... New Mexico ...................................... New York .......................................... North Carolina .................................. Ohio .................................................. Oklahoma ......................................... Oregon .............................................. Pennsylvania .................................... Rhode Island .................................... Tennessee ........................................ Texas ................................................ Utah .................................................. Washington ....................................... West Virginia .................................... Wyoming ........................................... 133 45 320 70 188 49 90 216 20 83 356 37 125 50 12 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 38.3 42.2 36.9 50.0 46.8 46.9 45.6 40.3 35.0 43.4 49.4 56.8 43.2 30.0 50.0 33.1 28.9 29.4 27.1 31.9 36.7 28.9 32.4 40.0 36.1 32.0 27.0 32.8 28.0 33.3 29.3 28.9 33.8 22.9 21.3 16.3 25.6 27.3 25.0 21.7 18.3 16.2 24.8 42.0 16.7 12.8 15.6 15.0 10.0 10.1 10.2 12.2 13.9 10.0 12.0 9.6 8.1 13.6 14.0 8.3 16.5 13.3 19.1 11.4 11.7 6.1 13.3 13.4 15.0 9.6 8.7 8.1 12.0 26.0 8.3 9.0 4.4 7.5 4.3 4.8 2.0 6.7 5.1 5.0 6.0 4.5 2.7 6.4 14.0 8.3 7.5 8.9 11.6 8.6 6.9 4.1 6.7 8.3 10.0 3.6 4.2 5.4 4.8 14.0 .0 Black Arkansas ........................................... California .......................................... District of Columbia .......................... Florida ............................................... 28 112 19 79 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 25.0 30.4 21.1 31.6 39.3 27.7 31.6 35.4 35.7 41.1 52.6 31.6 21.4 12.5 21.1 13.9 10.7 28.6 31.6 17.7 7.1 14.3 10.5 10.1 7.1 14.3 21.1 8.9 Georgia ............................................. Illinois ................................................ Louisiana .......................................... Mississippi ........................................ 101 75 63 43 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 38.6 32.0 36.5 37.2 33.7 29.3 31.7 30.2 28.7 37.3 30.2 32.6 13.9 14.7 7.9 9.3 13.9 24.0 22.2 23.3 7.9 6.7 7.9 9.3 5.9 17.3 14.3 14.0 New Jersey ....................................... New York .......................................... Pennsylvania .................................... Texas ................................................ 53 156 53 117 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 26.4 23.1 30.2 39.3 37.7 28.8 34.0 31.6 37.7 48.1 34.0 29.1 18.9 14.7 9.4 12.0 17.0 33.3 24.5 17.9 7.5 9.6 3.8 7.7 11.3 23.7 20.8 10.3 Hispanic origin California .......................................... Florida ............................................... New Mexico ...................................... New York .......................................... Texas ................................................ 385 74 28 108 185 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 41.3 40.5 39.3 31.5 47.6 29.1 32.4 28.6 30.6 32.4 29.4 27.0 32.1 38.0 19.5 14.0 14.9 17.9 13.9 9.7 15.3 12.2 14.3 24.1 9.7 7.3 6.8 7.1 10.2 5.4 8.1 5.4 10.7 13.9 4.3 NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in that area. See appendix B. Items may not add to totals or compute to displayed percentages because of rounding. Detail for race and Hispanic-origin groups will not add to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. 103 Section lll. Estimates for Metropolitan Areas and Cities Labor force, employment, and unemployment levels from the CPS for metropolitan areas and cities usually shown in tables 23-27 are not provided because updated population controls are not available. As a consequence, only rates, ratios, and percent distributions are published and the usual table formats and sequence have been altered. Unemployment rates shown in table 23 may differ from the estimates produced through the LAUS program. 104 Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates, employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages Unemployment Civilian labor force participation rate Employmentpopulation ratio Rate Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 73.6 80.9 67.0 49.2 71.2 78.4 64.8 43.7 3.2 3.1 3.3 11.2 2.7 2.4 2.5 6.9 - 3.7 3.8 4.1 15.5 White ............................................................................. 73.8 72.1 2.3 1.7 - 2.9 Black .............................................................................. 73.2 69.2 5.5 4.3 - 6.7 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 67.3 73.6 61.5 51.3 63.6 69.2 58.4 41.2 5.5 6.0 4.9 19.5 4.6 4.7 3.7 13.3 - 6.4 7.3 6.1 25.7 White ............................................................................. 66.3 64.2 3.2 2.4 - 4.0 Black .............................................................................. 71.2 63.2 11.4 9.2 - 13.6 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 65.4 75.3 56.8 63.0 72.6 54.6 3.6 3.7 3.6 2.8 2.6 2.4 - 4.4 4.8 4.8 White ............................................................................. 64.6 62.1 3.8 2.9 - 4.7 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 73.6 70.0 4.7 2.2 - 7.2 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 69.9 76.4 63.6 52.7 67.7 73.7 62.0 47.9 3.1 3.5 2.7 9.2 2.6 2.9 2.1 5.8 - 3.6 4.1 3.3 12.6 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 70.2 55.7 68.2 51.1 2.9 8.3 2.4 4.9 - 3.4 11.7 Black .............................................................................. 65.8 61.6 6.7 3.9 - 9.5 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 77.1 74.3 4.8 2.3 - 7.3 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 64.9 70.6 59.7 62.5 67.5 58.0 3.7 4.4 3.0 2.8 3.0 1.9 - 4.6 5.8 4.1 White ............................................................................. 66.1 64.1 3.1 2.2 - 4.0 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 71.2 77.6 65.4 68.7 75.0 62.8 3.5 3.1 3.9 2.7 2.1 2.7 - 4.3 4.1 5.1 White ............................................................................. 71.6 69.7 2.6 1.8 - 3.4 Black .............................................................................. 70.1 65.7 6.2 4.2 - 8.2 Area and population group Error range of rate1 Atlanta MSA Baltimore PMSA Bergen-Passaic PMSA Boston PMSA Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA See footnotes at end of table. 105 Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates, employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Unemployment Civilian labor force participation rate Employmentpopulation ratio Rate Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 68.8 77.4 60.9 49.7 65.7 73.8 58.2 43.5 4.5 4.6 4.5 12.7 4.1 4.1 3.9 10.3 - 4.9 5.1 5.1 15.1 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 70.3 54.3 67.8 48.4 3.6 10.7 3.2 8.1 - 4.0 13.3 Black .............................................................................. 62.2 56.4 9.5 8.2 - 10.8 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 70.7 66.4 6.1 4.9 - 7.3 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 70.6 76.5 65.4 68.1 73.8 63.0 3.6 3.5 3.7 2.8 2.4 2.6 - 4.4 4.6 4.8 White ............................................................................. 70.2 68.2 2.9 2.1 - 3.7 Black .............................................................................. 73.0 66.7 9.2 5.9 - 12.5 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 65.8 73.1 59.4 55.1 63.8 70.5 57.8 49.3 3.1 3.4 2.7 9.6 2.5 2.5 1.9 5.7 - 3.7 4.3 3.5 13.5 White ............................................................................. 66.7 65.0 2.5 1.9 - 3.1 Black .............................................................................. 60.7 56.7 6.2 4.0 - 8.4 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 71.8 78.7 65.5 69.1 75.2 63.5 3.8 4.4 3.2 3.0 3.2 2.1 - 4.6 5.6 4.3 White ............................................................................. 72.0 69.6 3.1 2.3 - 3.9 Black .............................................................................. 71.3 66.2 7.7 4.9 - 10.5 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 76.1 84.6 67.7 59.0 73.0 81.7 64.4 49.8 4.0 3.4 4.8 15.3 3.5 2.8 4.0 12.5 - 4.5 4.0 5.6 18.1 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 76.6 63.0 74.1 55.6 3.3 12.1 2.8 9.2 - 3.8 15.0 Black .............................................................................. 73.3 66.8 8.9 7.3 - 10.5 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 79.6 76.7 3.7 2.6 - 4.8 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 65.3 71.4 59.4 61.9 67.6 56.2 5.1 5.1 5.1 3.9 3.5 3.4 - 6.3 6.7 6.8 White ............................................................................. 65.6 63.0 4.1 2.9 - 5.3 Black .............................................................................. 61.9 55.1 11.2 7.1 - 15.3 Area and population group Error range of rate1 Chicago PMSA Cincinnati PMSA Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA Columbus, Ohio MSA Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA Dayton-Springfield MSA See footnotes at end of table. 106 Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates, employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Unemployment Civilian labor force participation rate Employmentpopulation ratio Rate Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 75.2 82.3 68.6 66.9 72.8 79.7 66.2 57.6 3.3 3.1 3.4 13.8 2.8 2.4 2.6 10.1 - 3.8 3.8 4.2 17.5 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 75.8 68.6 73.5 59.8 3.1 13.5 2.6 9.5 - 3.6 17.5 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 74.1 71.1 4.2 2.5 - 5.9 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 65.8 74.9 57.3 58.1 63.3 71.8 55.1 51.2 3.9 4.0 3.8 11.9 3.4 3.4 3.1 9.1 - 4.4 4.6 4.5 14.7 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 67.4 63.1 65.4 58.1 3.0 7.9 2.5 5.2 - 3.5 10.6 Black .............................................................................. 58.9 54.1 8.2 6.7 - 9.7 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 74.2 71.0 4.3 1.6 - 7.0 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 71.1 79.9 63.1 68.0 76.9 60.1 4.3 3.9 4.8 3.5 2.8 3.6 - 5.1 5.0 6.0 White ............................................................................. 70.1 67.6 3.5 2.7 - 4.3 Black .............................................................................. 74.5 69.6 6.9 4.9 - 8.9 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 73.8 70.1 4.5 2.5 - 6.5 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 66.3 72.4 60.7 64.5 70.2 59.3 2.5 2.8 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.1 - 3.3 4.0 3.3 White ............................................................................. 67.0 65.4 2.3 1.5 - 3.1 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 71.4 82.2 60.6 46.8 68.3 79.1 57.6 39.1 4.3 3.8 5.0 16.5 3.7 3.1 4.1 12.7 - 4.9 4.5 5.9 20.3 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 72.4 49.0 70.1 42.4 3.1 12.5 2.5 8.1 - 3.7 16.9 Black .............................................................................. 68.8 62.2 9.4 7.6 - 11.2 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 69.3 66.3 4.3 3.1 - 5.5 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 70.6 81.8 61.3 68.4 79.2 59.3 3.1 3.0 3.2 2.2 1.8 1.9 - 4.0 4.2 4.5 White ............................................................................. 70.9 69.0 2.6 1.7 - 3.5 Area and population group Error range of rate1 Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA Detroit PMSA Fort Lauderdale PMSA Hartford MSA Houston PMSA Indianapolis MSA See footnotes at end of table. 107 Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates, employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Unemployment Civilian labor force participation rate Employmentpopulation ratio Rate Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 71.2 78.2 64.7 65.3 69.0 75.9 62.4 58.5 3.2 2.8 3.7 10.2 2.5 1.9 2.6 6.3 - 3.9 3.7 4.8 14.1 White ............................................................................. 71.9 69.9 2.8 2.1 - 3.5 Black .............................................................................. 65.1 61.2 6.9 3.9 - 9.9 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 66.5 76.4 56.8 40.6 62.1 71.7 52.7 32.4 6.5 6.1 7.2 20.3 6.1 5.6 6.6 17.6 - 6.9 6.6 7.8 23.0 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 67.0 43.5 62.5 34.8 6.6 20.1 6.1 17.2 - 7.1 23.0 Black .............................................................................. 66.8 60.9 8.9 7.5 - 10.3 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 67.4 41.8 61.9 32.3 8.3 22.9 7.6 19.1 - 9.0 26.7 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 68.4 76.6 61.3 66.0 74.6 58.1 3.7 2.6 5.0 2.7 1.5 3.5 - 4.7 3.7 6.5 White ............................................................................. 69.4 67.3 3.1 2.2 - 4.0 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 70.4 77.0 65.1 67.2 73.7 62.0 4.5 4.3 4.6 3.3 2.7 3.0 - 5.7 5.9 6.2 White ............................................................................. 66.6 65.2 2.2 1.1 - 3.3 Black .............................................................................. 74.6 69.6 6.8 4.8 - 8.8 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 64.2 74.2 55.3 36.0 60.1 70.4 50.9 28.1 6.4 5.2 7.9 20.6 5.5 4.1 6.5 14.5 - 7.3 6.3 9.3 26.7 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 63.6 42.2 59.9 33.7 5.9 20.2 5.0 13.9 - 6.8 26.5 Black .............................................................................. 67.2 61.6 8.7 6.4 - 11.0 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 64.4 60.3 6.3 5.2 - 7.4 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 75.6 80.9 70.7 73.0 78.4 68.0 3.3 3.0 3.7 2.5 2.0 2.5 - 4.1 4.0 4.9 White ............................................................................. 76.9 75.2 2.2 1.5 - 2.9 Black .............................................................................. 66.9 57.1 13.6 9.6 - 17.6 Area and population group Error range of rate1 Kansas City MSA Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA Louisville MSA Memphis MSA Miami PMSA Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA See footnotes at end of table. 108 Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates, employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Unemployment Civilian labor force participation rate Employmentpopulation ratio Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 77.9 83.3 72.6 76.3 81.5 71.2 2.1 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.3 - 2.5 2.8 2.5 White ............................................................................. 78.3 76.9 1.9 1.5 - 2.3 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 68.0 77.4 59.4 66.2 75.4 57.8 2.7 2.6 2.8 2.2 1.9 2.0 - 3.2 3.3 3.6 White ............................................................................. 67.8 66.1 2.5 2.0 - 3.0 Black .............................................................................. 72.3 68.9 4.8 2.2 - 7.4 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 75.3 72.7 3.5 1.6 - 5.4 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 63.9 70.6 57.9 60.6 67.5 54.5 5.1 4.5 5.7 4.1 3.2 4.2 - 6.1 5.8 7.2 White ............................................................................. 62.5 60.5 3.1 2.1 - 4.1 Black .............................................................................. 66.5 60.7 8.7 6.7 - 10.7 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 60.2 69.4 52.1 27.5 55.7 64.6 47.9 20.3 7.4 6.8 8.1 26.6 7.0 6.2 7.5 24.1 - 7.8 7.4 8.7 29.1 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 59.6 27.0 56.0 21.1 6.0 22.4 5.5 18.7 - 6.5 26.1 Black .............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 59.9 29.7 52.5 19.2 12.3 35.0 11.3 31.5 - 13.3 38.5 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 57.8 28.2 52.2 20.9 9.7 24.9 8.7 19.1 - 10.7 30.7 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 68.4 75.6 61.8 50.4 65.1 71.8 59.0 42.4 4.7 5.0 4.4 16.2 4.0 4.0 3.4 11.4 - 5.4 6.0 5.4 21.0 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 69.1 50.0 66.9 44.7 3.2 10.7 2.5 5.4 - 3.9 16.0 Black .............................................................................. 65.6 59.6 8.8 7.1 - 10.5 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 73.0 68.2 6.1 3.7 - 8.5 67.4 76.2 60.3 64.3 73.4 56.9 4.6 3.6 5.6 3.5 2.3 3.9 - 5.7 4.9 7.3 Area and population group Rate Error range of rate1 Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA Nassau-Suffolk PMSA New Orleans MSA New York PMSA Newark PMSA Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 109 Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates, employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Unemployment Civilian labor force participation rate Employmentpopulation ratio White ............................................................................. 69.8 68.3 2.2 1.3 - 3.1 Black .............................................................................. 60.4 54.5 10.0 7.2 - 12.8 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 69.1 77.4 61.6 66.1 74.5 58.7 4.3 3.8 4.8 3.4 2.7 3.5 - 5.2 4.9 6.1 White ............................................................................. 68.1 65.1 4.3 3.3 - 5.3 Black .............................................................................. 70.3 66.1 5.9 3.1 - 8.7 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 72.5 66.7 8.9 5.0 - 12.8 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 70.1 77.8 63.3 67.3 74.9 60.7 4.0 3.9 4.2 3.2 2.8 3.0 - 4.8 5.0 5.4 White ............................................................................. 70.5 68.2 3.3 2.5 - 4.1 Black .............................................................................. 67.4 63.2 6.4 3.5 - 9.3 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 71.7 79.8 63.1 68.9 76.4 61.0 3.8 4.3 3.3 3.1 3.3 2.3 - 4.5 5.3 4.3 White ............................................................................. 72.6 69.8 3.8 3.0 - 4.6 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 74.1 69.7 6.2 4.4 - 8.0 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 64.9 72.2 58.5 44.6 61.7 68.6 55.6 37.3 5.0 4.9 5.0 16.3 4.5 4.2 4.3 12.8 - 5.5 5.6 5.7 19.8 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 66.6 46.7 64.1 41.0 3.7 12.8 3.2 9.2 - 4.2 16.4 Black .............................................................................. 57.4 50.7 11.7 9.9 - 13.5 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 60.6 54.0 11.3 7.3 - 15.3 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 67.0 75.2 59.0 56.4 64.6 72.5 57.0 47.7 3.5 3.6 3.5 15.2 2.9 2.9 2.7 11.6 - 4.1 4.3 4.3 18.8 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 66.7 58.2 64.4 49.0 3.5 15.5 2.9 11.8 - 4.1 19.2 Black .............................................................................. 67.1 63.5 5.3 2.1 - 8.5 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 69.3 65.6 5.6 4.1 - 7.1 Area and population group Rate Error range of rate1 Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA–Continued Oakland PMSA Oklahoma City MSA Orange County PMSA Philadelphia PMSA Phoenix-Mesa MSA See footnotes at end of table. 110 Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates, employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Unemployment Civilian labor force participation rate Employmentpopulation ratio Rate Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 61.9 71.2 54.0 47.3 59.3 67.8 52.0 40.2 4.2 4.8 3.5 14.3 3.5 3.8 2.6 9.1 - 4.9 5.8 4.4 19.5 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 61.9 51.0 59.4 44.0 3.9 13.7 3.2 8.3 - 4.6 19.1 Black .............................................................................. 61.5 56.2 9.4 5.3 - 13.5 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 71.7 80.7 63.0 62.0 68.1 76.3 60.1 52.0 5.1 5.4 4.6 14.9 4.3 4.3 3.5 9.9 - 5.9 6.5 5.7 19.9 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 71.9 63.4 68.3 53.7 5.0 16.1 4.2 10.5 - 5.8 21.7 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 83.1 77.5 6.2 2.9 - 9.5 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 67.3 74.4 61.0 64.4 63.8 70.5 57.9 50.8 5.2 5.4 4.9 20.1 4.5 4.4 3.9 16.0 - 5.9 6.4 5.9 24.2 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 67.1 66.0 64.0 54.7 4.6 17.1 3.9 12.8 - 5.3 21.4 Black .............................................................................. 75.8 63.6 15.4 10.5 - 20.3 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 74.4 67.4 8.6 5.1 - 12.1 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 62.5 72.4 53.1 42.3 58.1 67.2 49.4 34.4 7.1 7.2 7.1 19.4 6.1 5.8 5.6 13.7 - 8.1 8.6 8.6 25.1 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 62.1 45.1 58.0 36.4 6.6 18.7 5.5 12.8 - 7.7 24.6 Black .............................................................................. 59.3 52.3 11.2 7.4 - 15.0 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 65.3 60.0 8.1 6.1 - 10.1 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 68.4 74.6 62.8 60.3 65.2 71.5 59.6 51.5 4.7 4.2 5.2 14.8 3.7 2.8 3.7 9.3 - 5.7 5.6 6.7 20.3 White ............................................................................. 69.0 66.2 4.0 3.0 - 5.0 Black .............................................................................. 64.8 58.2 10.7 6.3 - 15.1 62.9 68.2 58.2 59.1 63.3 55.0 6.1 7.0 5.2 4.9 5.3 3.6 - 7.3 8.7 6.8 Area and population group Error range of rate1 Pittsburgh MSA Portland-Vancouver PMSA Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA Rochester MSA Sacramento-Yolo CMSA Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 111 Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates, employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Unemployment Civilian labor force participation rate Employmentpopulation ratio Rate Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 48.2 37.5 21.4 13.8 - 29.0 White ............................................................................. 65.2 62.0 4.8 3.7 - 5.9 Black .............................................................................. 60.5 48.1 20.1 12.6 - 27.6 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 67.1 59.5 11.5 7.2 - 15.8 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 68.7 75.1 62.8 61.1 65.4 71.0 60.4 53.3 4.7 5.4 3.9 12.7 3.9 4.3 2.9 8.7 - 5.5 6.5 4.9 16.7 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 69.0 67.2 66.6 60.4 3.4 10.4 2.7 6.3 - 4.1 14.5 Black .............................................................................. 65.8 58.1 11.9 9.1 - 14.7 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 74.0 82.4 66.3 69.8 71.0 79.2 63.6 60.4 3.9 3.8 4.0 12.3 3.3 3.1 3.2 9.6 - 4.5 4.5 4.8 15.0 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 73.7 70.3 71.0 61.4 3.8 12.2 3.2 9.5 - 4.4 14.9 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 75.8 71.2 5.6 3.3 - 7.9 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 68.3 76.6 61.0 53.2 64.5 73.2 56.9 40.4 5.5 4.3 6.7 25.4 4.4 3.0 5.1 21.1 - 6.6 5.6 8.3 29.7 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 67.5 51.0 64.1 38.5 5.1 24.8 4.0 19.8 - 6.2 29.8 Black .............................................................................. 75.3 67.5 9.9 5.4 - 14.4 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 66.0 61.6 6.5 4.9 - 8.1 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 67.1 73.5 60.9 42.2 63.3 69.2 57.8 35.4 5.7 5.9 5.3 16.3 4.8 4.6 4.0 10.3 - 6.6 7.2 6.6 22.3 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 67.0 47.2 63.9 40.0 4.7 15.4 3.8 9.0 - 5.6 21.8 Black .............................................................................. 75.8 62.6 16.9 11.2 - 22.6 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 67.1 63.0 6.1 4.1 - 8.1 73.2 79.2 67.3 70.7 76.2 65.3 3.4 3.8 3.0 2.6 2.6 1.9 - 4.2 5.0 4.1 Area and population group Error range of rate1 Sacramento-Yolo CMSA–Continued St. Louis MSA2 Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA San Antonio MSA San Diego MSA San Francisco PMSA Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 112 Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates, employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Unemployment Civilian labor force participation rate Employmentpopulation ratio White ............................................................................. 74.6 72.3 2.9 2.0 - 3.8 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 78.0 74.0 5.1 2.6 - 7.6 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 69.5 78.5 60.4 66.8 74.9 58.4 4.0 4.5 3.2 3.1 3.2 2.0 - 4.9 5.8 4.4 White ............................................................................. 70.3 67.4 4.1 3.1 - 5.1 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 70.5 65.6 6.9 4.5 - 9.3 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 73.7 81.0 66.7 71.1 78.2 64.0 3.6 3.3 3.9 2.9 2.4 2.8 - 4.3 4.2 5.0 White ............................................................................. 73.7 71.3 3.3 2.6 - 4.0 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 60.1 66.0 54.8 63.6 57.3 62.9 52.2 57.3 4.8 4.8 4.7 10.5 4.1 3.8 3.6 6.4 - 5.5 5.8 5.8 14.6 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 58.1 65.6 55.7 59.4 4.0 9.3 3.3 5.4 - 4.7 13.2 Black .............................................................................. 75.3 67.6 10.0 7.2 - 12.8 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 61.8 58.9 4.7 2.6 - 6.8 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 72.3 79.0 65.8 48.9 69.8 76.6 63.3 42.9 3.5 3.2 3.8 12.1 3.0 2.6 3.1 8.5 - 4.0 3.8 4.5 15.7 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 72.7 52.3 70.7 49.0 2.7 6.9 2.2 3.1 - 3.2 10.7 Black .............................................................................. 71.6 67.5 5.7 4.5 - 6.9 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 77.7 73.9 5.2 3.2 - 7.2 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 61.0 65.9 56.2 53.7 56.2 51.2 12.3 14.8 9.3 9.8 11.2 6.1 - 14.8 18.4 12.5 White ............................................................................. 53.0 51.2 3.5 .7 - 6.3 Black .............................................................................. 65.2 54.7 16.0 12.8 - 19.2 64.0 71.3 57.5 59.4 66.0 53.4 7.2 7.3 6.9 6.4 6.3 5.8 - 8.0 8.3 8.0 Area and population group Rate Error range of rate1 San Francisco PMSA–Continued San Jose PMSA Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA Washington D.C. PMSA Baltimore central city Chicago central city Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... See footnotes at end of table. 113 Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates, employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Unemployment Civilian labor force participation rate Employmentpopulation ratio Rate Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 37.9 29.8 20.5 15.7 - 25.3 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 68.0 42.9 64.5 34.5 5.2 19.5 4.4 13.5 - 6.0 25.5 Black .............................................................................. 56.7 50.6 10.7 9.2 - 12.2 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 66.2 41.1 60.6 30.4 8.3 24.1 6.6 14.9 - 10.0 33.3 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 58.5 64.1 54.1 54.8 59.3 51.4 6.5 7.5 5.5 4.4 4.3 2.9 - 8.6 10.7 8.1 White ............................................................................. 59.9 57.6 4.3 1.8 - 6.8 Black .............................................................................. 56.7 52.0 9.3 5.8 - 12.8 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 74.7 83.1 66.3 71.7 81.3 62.4 4.0 2.3 6.2 3.0 1.3 4.4 - 5.0 3.3 8.0 White ............................................................................. 75.1 72.9 3.0 2.0 - 4.0 Black .............................................................................. 72.9 67.6 7.1 4.7 - 9.5 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 80.2 77.8 3.3 1.6 - 5.0 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 56.4 60.4 52.8 51.9 55.3 49.2 7.8 8.4 7.2 6.2 6.1 5.1 - 9.4 10.7 9.3 White ............................................................................. 57.4 53.7 5.7 2.6 - 8.8 Black .............................................................................. 56.1 51.5 8.2 6.5 - 9.9 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 64.5 68.4 61.2 39.1 58.9 63.2 54.9 26.1 8.8 7.6 10.0 37.3 8.0 6.5 8.8 31.4 - 9.6 8.7 11.2 43.2 White ............................................................................. 76.8 73.9 3.6 2.7 - 4.5 Black .............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 57.9 35.0 50.8 20.0 12.6 40.0 11.3 34.7 - 13.9 45.3 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 76.2 76.2 4.2 2.3 - 6.1 69.9 81.7 58.8 50.0 65.4 77.1 54.3 39.6 6.5 5.6 7.6 21.4 5.5 4.3 6.0 15.9 - 7.5 6.9 9.2 26.9 Area and population group Error range of rate1 Chicago central city–Continued Cleveland central city Dallas central city Detroit central city District of Columbia Houston central city Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ See footnotes at end of table. 114 Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates, employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Unemployment Civilian labor force participation rate Employmentpopulation ratio White ............................................................................. 72.4 69.3 4.3 3.2 - 5.4 Black .............................................................................. 65.5 57.9 11.5 9.2 - 13.8 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 68.3 64.3 5.9 4.1 - 7.7 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 69.0 78.2 61.6 66.2 75.0 59.4 4.0 4.2 3.8 2.6 2.2 1.9 - 5.4 6.2 5.7 White ............................................................................. 68.5 66.4 3.0 1.6 - 4.4 Black .............................................................................. 70.7 64.7 8.2 4.4 - 12.0 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 67.0 77.6 56.1 36.7 61.9 72.2 51.2 29.3 7.6 6.9 8.6 20.7 6.9 6.0 7.4 15.7 - 8.3 7.8 9.8 25.7 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 67.1 36.1 62.0 28.3 7.6 21.0 6.8 15.6 - 8.4 26.4 Black .............................................................................. 67.4 60.1 10.4 8.0 - 12.8 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 66.9 34.7 61.0 26.5 9.0 23.7 7.9 17.0 - 10.1 30.4 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 69.8 71.9 68.4 64.9 66.7 63.8 7.0 7.0 7.0 5.1 4.3 4.3 - 8.9 9.7 9.7 White ............................................................................. 72.2 69.6 3.5 1.8 - 5.2 Black .............................................................................. 66.4 57.0 14.3 10.1 - 18.5 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 58.9 68.1 50.8 27.2 54.2 63.1 46.2 19.9 8.0 7.2 8.9 27.0 7.5 6.6 8.2 24.4 - 8.5 7.8 9.6 29.6 White ............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 57.6 25.8 53.8 20.4 6.6 22.3 6.0 18.3 - 7.2 26.3 Black .............................................................................. Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 59.4 30.2 51.9 19.5 12.7 35.3 11.7 31.7 - 13.7 38.9 Hispanic origin ............................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ........................................... 56.8 28.6 51.1 21.4 10.1 25.1 9.1 19.3 - 11.1 30.9 Area and population group Rate Error range of rate1 Houston central city–Continued Indianapolis central city Los Angeles central city Milwaukee central city New York central city See footnotes at end of table. 115 Table 23. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Civilian labor force participation rates, employment-population ratios, and unemployment rates by sex, age, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Unemployment Civilian labor force participation rate Employmentpopulation ratio Rate Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 57.3 64.9 51.5 36.1 52.5 59.4 47.1 27.7 8.4 8.2 8.6 21.6 7.1 6.4 6.8 13.1 - 9.7 10.0 10.4 30.1 White ............................................................................. 61.2 58.2 4.9 3.6 - 6.2 Black .............................................................................. 52.8 45.7 13.6 11.1 - 16.1 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 49.0 42.9 13.1 5.0 - 21.2 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years ............................................ 69.0 78.0 60.8 47.1 65.8 74.3 58.0 37.6 4.6 4.6 4.5 19.4 3.7 3.4 3.2 13.8 - 5.5 5.8 5.8 25.0 White ............................................................................. 69.3 66.1 4.6 3.6 - 5.6 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 65.5 61.1 6.6 4.7 - 8.5 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 68.1 76.5 59.7 62.0 68.2 56.2 9.1 11.2 6.6 6.3 7.0 3.1 - 11.9 15.4 10.1 White ............................................................................. 73.8 70.6 4.7 1.5 - 7.9 Black .............................................................................. 61.0 52.2 14.5 9.7 - 19.3 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 67.4 77.1 59.2 63.5 73.4 55.2 5.8 4.9 6.8 4.5 3.2 4.8 - 7.1 6.6 8.8 White ............................................................................. 66.6 63.1 5.4 4.0 - 6.8 Black .............................................................................. 73.7 66.7 11.0 5.7 - 16.3 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 64.8 60.8 6.4 4.7 - 8.1 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 67.3 71.7 63.2 63.9 68.3 59.9 5.1 4.8 5.4 3.9 3.2 3.6 - 6.3 6.4 7.2 White ............................................................................. 68.0 65.5 3.7 2.5 - 4.9 Hispanic origin ............................................................... 67.5 63.2 6.3 3.5 - 9.1 Total ................................................................................ Men ................................................................................ Women .......................................................................... 72.6 77.8 67.6 70.0 74.3 65.9 3.6 4.7 2.5 2.4 2.8 1.1 - 4.8 6.6 3.9 White ............................................................................. 74.8 71.8 3.8 2.3 - 5.3 Area and population group Error range of rate1 Philadelphia central city Phoenix central city St. Louis central city San Antonio central city San Diego central city San Francisco central city 1 Error ranges are calculated at the 90-percent confidence interval, which means that if repeated samples were drawn from the same population and an error range constructed around each sample estimate, in 9 out of 10 cases the true value based on a complete census of the population would be contained within these error ranges. 2 Data do not reflect the official U.S. Office of Management and Budget definition. See appendix C. NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in that area. See appendix B. 116 Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1998 annual averages Managerial and professional specialty Population group and area Technical, sales, and administrative support Toltal TechniemExecutive, ployed1 Profes- cians administraand sional Sales tive, and specialty related managerial support Administrative support, including clerical Operators, fabricators, and laborers Precision Service Handlers, production, Machine occupacraft, and operators, Transpor- equipment tions assem- tation and cleaners, repair blers, helpers, material and and moving inspectors laborers TOTAL Metropolitan areas: Atlanta MSA ...................................... Baltimore PMSA ............................... Bergen-Passaic PMSA ..................... Boston PMSA ................................... Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............... Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ... Chicago PMSA ................................. Cincinnati PMSA ............................... Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ......... Columbus, Ohio MSA ....................... Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................. Dayton-Springfield MSA ................... Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ....... Detroit PMSA .................................... Fort Lauderdale PMSA ..................... Hartford MSA .................................... Houston PMSA ................................. Indianapolis MSA .............................. Kansas City MSA .............................. Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ...... Louisville MSA .................................. Memphis MSA .................................. Miami PMSA ..................................... Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ........... Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................ Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ...................... New Orleans MSA ............................ New York PMSA ............................... Newark PMSA .................................. Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA .................................. Oakland PMSA ................................. Oklahoma City MSA ......................... Orange County PMSA ...................... Philadelphia PMSA ........................... Phoenix-Mesa MSA .......................... Pittsburgh MSA ................................. Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............... Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ..... Rochester MSA ................................ Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................. St. Louis MSA2 ................................. Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............... San Antonio MSA ............................. San Diego MSA ................................ San Francisco PMSA ....................... San Jose PMSA ............................... Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........ Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA ............................................ Washington D.C. PMSA ................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19.4 16.5 16.8 18.8 13.1 17.3 16.9 15.9 14.7 14.6 16.5 13.9 18.8 14.8 15.7 15.4 15.2 18.6 15.4 15.3 14.9 15.9 13.2 15.2 20.1 16.9 13.5 15.5 15.7 15.0 20.7 15.6 20.3 15.7 12.1 16.8 15.8 14.1 17.5 14.9 15.2 20.9 15.0 13.5 15.6 17.6 17.5 15.7 15.0 16.2 10.5 12.5 15.5 18.0 15.8 15.7 17.3 16.1 2.7 4.6 2.9 3.4 3.9 3.6 2.8 4.0 3.4 3.1 3.5 2.8 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.6 3.4 2.9 3.8 2.5 3.1 4.2 3.6 2.9 3.6 2.8 3.7 3.1 3.2 13.3 11.1 14.4 11.7 14.3 14.0 12.7 10.5 13.2 11.1 12.4 12.0 12.9 12.2 13.3 11.7 13.0 13.3 13.9 11.1 10.3 12.9 13.9 10.8 12.0 13.1 11.8 11.7 13.2 15.2 13.9 16.8 13.2 15.6 13.9 15.3 16.1 14.2 15.5 15.6 12.6 14.0 14.3 14.6 15.8 12.9 13.8 16.1 14.4 16.2 17.3 15.9 17.4 14.4 16.7 15.5 15.2 16.2 10.0 12.5 10.1 13.5 14.8 9.2 11.2 11.6 14.5 13.4 11.8 13.3 9.3 12.8 16.8 12.0 11.9 11.4 10.9 14.1 12.8 14.8 15.7 10.1 11.5 13.0 17.1 18.1 15.7 10.4 9.9 10.2 9.8 8.6 10.6 9.7 10.4 11.3 9.5 11.6 11.7 10.0 11.4 12.5 12.0 12.2 9.3 10.2 10.0 11.5 10.1 9.0 11.9 9.2 11.6 7.8 7.0 7.4 5.0 3.6 6.1 3.1 6.3 9.1 5.9 6.6 5.5 4.2 5.4 9.6 2.6 6.9 2.7 5.7 4.8 5.2 5.1 7.6 6.1 5.0 3.6 6.2 4.7 2.9 3.1 4.0 4.7 4.2 2.9 3.1 2.4 3.2 4.5 3.9 4.6 3.6 5.2 3.7 3.5 3.1 4.1 3.2 2.7 4.0 2.4 3.8 3.9 4.1 4.6 5.0 4.1 2.9 3.4 5.3 4.0 3.5 4.2 2.8 3.7 2.9 3.6 4.3 3.9 4.0 3.5 3.8 3.6 4.1 3.5 4.1 2.8 4.1 3.9 4.5 4.5 4.4 3.6 3.5 5.1 5.1 2.8 2.7 5.0 3.6 3.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 14.6 19.8 15.0 17.0 16.4 16.1 15.2 15.5 12.8 13.4 14.4 16.7 15.3 14.6 11.8 15.5 20.3 16.9 20.7 17.5 18.6 18.1 17.2 19.0 14.3 17.2 15.0 14.4 12.3 16.6 17.3 15.9 15.3 14.0 16.3 20.2 23.3 19.9 4.2 4.7 4.3 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.6 2.5 3.5 2.9 3.1 3.9 3.2 3.7 2.7 3.8 3.2 5.6 3.6 12.7 13.3 12.3 14.7 13.3 12.5 12.4 12.7 12.8 12.9 12.3 13.3 13.4 14.0 12.2 12.5 13.7 9.0 11.4 14.4 14.7 15.7 12.3 15.3 14.6 15.0 14.8 13.5 14.0 12.5 15.5 14.6 17.1 16.0 14.0 12.2 13.0 12.4 13.4 11.3 12.1 11.4 12.2 13.6 14.5 13.3 14.1 13.8 14.7 13.6 11.9 11.0 17.8 15.6 11.5 9.6 11.1 11.6 9.6 9.3 11.0 8.5 11.8 10.0 10.8 11.5 13.7 9.8 9.2 10.9 10.7 11.6 9.7 8.5 10.5 9.4 3.2 2.1 5.0 5.9 3.5 4.7 3.7 5.8 9.1 4.7 8.7 2.2 5.5 4.7 3.3 3.8 3.8 5.4 3.7 2.9 2.5 3.2 2.6 3.3 2.5 4.5 3.4 2.9 5.5 3.7 3.5 4.4 3.1 4.2 2.8 2.7 2.0 3.6 3.2 2.6 4.1 3.2 3.5 3.4 2.9 3.9 3.8 4.8 2.8 3.1 3.3 4.4 4.0 3.6 3.0 2.8 3.1 100.0 100.0 13.3 22.8 13.4 23.2 3.8 3.5 14.9 9.7 15.0 13.6 15.1 12.4 11.1 7.8 4.4 1.3 2.9 2.6 3.9 1.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 13.4 13.8 7.2 14.7 14.8 16.5 8.3 16.8 4.7 2.7 1.7 2.4 8.7 11.2 12.2 11.3 15.9 15.5 13.8 15.5 21.3 14.5 27.1 13.4 9.4 8.1 11.0 10.5 4.0 6.8 7.7 7.3 2.9 4.6 6.6 2.6 4.7 5.4 3.3 4.7 Cities: Baltimore central city ........................ Chicago central city .......................... Cleveland central city ....................... Dallas central city ............................. See footnotes at end of table. 117 Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued Managerial and professional specialty Population group and area Technical, sales, and administrative support Toltal TechniemExecutive, ployed1 Profes- cians administraand sional Sales tive, and specialty related managerial support Administrative support, including clerical Operators, fabricators, and laborers Precision Service Handlers, production, Machine occupacraft, and operators, Transpor- equipment tions assem- tation and cleaners, repair blers, helpers, material and and moving inspectors laborers TOTAL–Continued Cities:–Continued Detroit central city ............................. District of Columbia .......................... Houston central city .......................... Indianapolis central city .................... Los Angeles central city .................... Milwaukee central city ...................... New York central city ........................ Philadelphia central city .................... Phoenix central city .......................... St. Louis central city ......................... San Antonio central city .................... San Diego central city ....................... San Francisco central city ................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 8.0 20.5 12.5 16.7 14.4 11.3 14.5 10.8 13.6 15.8 10.5 15.3 20.0 9.1 25.8 15.9 15.3 14.6 15.5 16.4 17.3 12.2 19.9 14.0 19.6 16.5 3.8 4.5 3.0 3.2 2.0 1.3 3.1 2.7 3.0 1.8 2.6 4.6 3.5 10.9 7.8 13.8 12.1 10.2 7.9 11.4 11.3 10.1 8.8 13.0 12.3 12.3 16.2 15.2 13.4 16.1 13.7 18.0 15.3 18.5 14.7 14.6 14.8 13.4 12.8 21.5 16.4 14.6 14.8 16.3 18.0 19.4 18.3 14.8 11.1 20.0 16.4 15.0 8.0 3.3 11.5 7.5 10.1 10.5 7.0 8.5 14.4 7.0 11.5 8.1 7.0 10.6 1.2 5.3 4.6 8.0 6.7 4.4 4.1 6.6 9.4 3.2 3.0 5.3 5.6 2.9 4.5 1.9 3.5 4.6 4.2 4.1 3.5 4.1 4.7 2.7 2.9 5.9 2.0 4.5 6.5 4.8 5.9 3.9 3.9 3.9 7.0 3.6 3.3 3.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 21.1 17.8 17.8 19.2 14.4 19.5 17.4 16.7 14.8 16.0 16.9 16.3 17.5 15.3 16.5 16.2 14.5 21.5 14.9 15.1 17.1 17.5 13.4 15.8 19.0 19.7 14.1 16.3 19.4 13.9 17.6 13.6 19.0 13.0 8.9 15.4 12.8 12.1 15.3 13.9 12.6 21.4 14.2 11.2 14.8 16.1 15.9 15.4 14.0 15.7 8.4 11.8 12.7 16.5 11.8 17.6 14.3 14.6 2.6 2.8 3.1 3.4 3.9 3.4 2.6 3.2 2.6 2.4 3.6 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.4 2.8 3.5 1.8 3.4 2.0 2.0 3.4 3.1 2.4 4.3 2.7 3.5 2.8 2.6 13.3 12.1 16.7 11.0 13.7 14.1 12.6 10.1 12.4 10.2 11.3 10.2 12.7 10.4 13.6 10.0 11.9 12.4 14.5 10.8 8.0 12.2 13.2 9.3 12.6 13.3 7.9 12.2 11.7 4.9 5.1 7.1 6.0 6.7 5.5 6.1 7.6 6.9 7.5 7.1 4.5 7.1 5.2 4.2 6.6 4.5 6.1 7.1 7.7 7.4 5.3 8.2 5.7 6.9 6.5 4.7 8.5 6.6 6.6 10.4 7.6 11.7 11.9 5.7 8.9 8.1 10.0 10.4 9.9 9.8 6.5 10.2 15.2 9.3 8.5 8.1 8.7 11.1 10.4 12.9 11.8 8.1 8.0 12.0 13.2 16.9 12.6 18.2 17.8 17.0 16.7 15.1 18.7 16.1 19.0 19.7 16.0 18.7 20.3 16.8 19.4 21.3 21.4 20.4 15.9 17.2 15.8 19.4 19.4 15.0 20.8 15.7 20.1 13.8 12.1 13.2 5.7 4.1 5.7 3.0 7.7 8.6 7.4 8.4 7.3 5.3 5.7 10.6 3.2 8.3 3.1 6.9 7.0 6.8 5.7 8.1 7.0 5.3 3.8 8.9 6.6 3.2 4.4 3.6 6.0 6.6 5.1 5.1 4.1 6.0 7.5 6.4 7.9 6.0 9.2 6.0 6.1 5.0 6.3 5.5 4.5 6.5 3.8 6.1 6.2 6.7 8.4 8.2 7.4 4.9 5.1 9.4 6.9 6.2 6.4 4.9 5.4 4.7 6.0 6.3 5.7 5.4 4.9 5.3 5.3 5.3 5.4 6.0 4.2 5.9 5.7 6.3 6.1 6.3 4.3 5.7 8.3 7.2 4.0 4.2 8.5 5.7 5.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 14.4 19.9 16.4 17.0 17.4 17.1 16.7 16.2 14.1 12.4 16.6 18.2 16.8 17.1 16.4 13.6 16.8 15.3 13.4 9.1 4.4 4.4 3.6 3.1 3.6 3.0 3.1 2.2 2.5 2.8 9.4 11.3 12.5 14.9 13.1 10.9 11.4 10.8 10.9 10.4 6.6 7.3 5.7 5.6 5.9 5.3 5.8 7.0 5.6 6.3 11.4 9.2 8.9 8.4 10.5 10.8 9.9 8.8 10.9 11.8 21.3 16.9 15.7 16.7 15.7 19.5 17.3 17.6 20.1 23.7 3.6 3.1 6.8 5.6 4.1 5.3 4.9 8.1 10.2 5.1 4.2 4.4 5.7 4.6 5.6 4.0 7.7 5.7 4.9 8.8 5.5 4.0 6.4 5.1 5.6 5.3 4.8 5.7 5.3 6.6 Men Metropolitan areas: Atlanta MSA ...................................... Baltimore PMSA ............................... Bergen-Passaic PMSA ..................... Boston PMSA ................................... Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............... Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ... Chicago PMSA ................................. Cincinnati PMSA ............................... Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ......... Columbus, Ohio MSA ....................... Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................. Dayton-Springfield MSA ................... Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ....... Detroit PMSA .................................... Fort Lauderdale PMSA ..................... Hartford MSA .................................... Houston PMSA ................................. Indianapolis MSA .............................. Kansas City MSA .............................. Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ...... Louisville MSA .................................. Memphis MSA .................................. Miami PMSA ..................................... Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ........... Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................ Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ...................... New Orleans MSA ............................ New York PMSA ............................... Newark PMSA .................................. Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA .................................. Oakland PMSA ................................. Oklahoma City MSA ......................... Orange County PMSA ...................... Philadelphia PMSA ........................... Phoenix-Mesa MSA .......................... Pittsburgh MSA ................................. Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............... Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ..... See footnotes at end of table. 118 Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued Managerial and professional specialty Population group and area Technical, sales, and administrative support Toltal TechniemExecutive, ployed1 Profes- cians administraand sional Sales tive, and specialty related managerial support Administrative support, including clerical Operators, fabricators, and laborers Precision Service Handlers, production, Machine occupacraft, and operators, Transpor- equipment tions assem- tation and cleaners, repair blers, helpers, material and and moving inspectors laborers Men–Continued Metropolitan areas:–Continued Rochester MSA ................................ Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................. St. Louis MSA2 ................................. Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............... San Antonio MSA ............................. San Diego MSA ................................ San Francisco PMSA ....................... San Jose PMSA ............................... Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........ Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA ............................................ Washington D.C. PMSA ................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 17.2 16.7 15.6 14.7 12.4 15.5 18.6 18.4 21.0 16.5 17.2 11.4 13.9 11.9 14.1 18.8 24.1 19.3 2.5 3.4 2.9 4.0 2.6 4.5 3.1 5.5 2.8 9.7 13.3 11.6 14.5 11.1 11.9 14.8 8.3 11.3 5.4 5.4 6.6 7.0 6.7 5.8 6.9 6.0 5.3 11.8 11.6 10.1 8.6 13.7 13.2 9.3 7.9 8.0 16.5 15.3 19.2 18.2 20.9 16.7 15.1 14.8 15.5 8.6 2.7 7.4 4.8 3.6 4.0 3.3 4.5 5.3 6.1 6.7 7.7 5.4 7.8 4.6 5.1 2.8 5.3 3.6 5.4 5.4 6.7 6.5 5.7 4.4 4.7 4.2 100.0 100.0 15.6 23.6 11.2 22.2 2.7 3.8 13.0 9.7 5.2 5.2 13.1 11.2 19.0 13.9 5.9 1.6 5.0 4.4 5.7 2.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 13.8 11.8 5.8 15.9 6.2 20.0 10.6 18.8 14.3 9.6 15.0 10.2 13.1 14.4 10.4 14.9 19.3 9.7 15.4 5.8 17.0 8.0 25.0 15.9 13.4 13.3 9.6 13.1 14.1 11.9 13.3 11.5 18.3 16.1 3.4 2.1 1.2 2.3 3.1 4.2 2.4 1.1 1.4 .9 2.8 2.5 2.9 2.2 1.9 5.8 3.5 9.7 10.7 8.1 8.1 4.9 7.5 13.6 11.3 9.9 5.3 11.8 9.2 8.7 6.7 10.8 12.5 13.0 4.8 7.2 4.7 8.4 6.8 8.3 4.1 8.6 8.5 7.9 9.0 11.3 4.7 8.9 6.2 5.8 6.3 22.8 13.4 23.3 12.7 17.9 17.5 10.8 13.4 12.3 17.5 18.5 18.0 10.8 16.7 16.5 14.0 15.0 15.9 13.8 20.9 17.0 16.0 5.8 19.1 13.4 15.6 21.1 11.9 16.5 24.1 12.2 20.4 13.7 11.8 4.8 8.5 10.5 6.1 14.2 1.7 7.7 6.5 7.9 11.4 3.9 3.5 6.7 10.0 3.8 2.1 3.9 5.5 8.0 11.6 4.0 11.1 5.8 7.5 2.7 5.6 7.9 7.4 7.4 5.8 5.6 8.8 4.6 5.5 8.3 8.2 4.7 7.2 10.5 3.3 7.1 9.7 6.9 8.8 6.2 6.7 5.8 10.0 6.2 5.5 5.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 17.6 15.2 15.6 18.4 11.3 15.2 16.3 15.0 14.5 13.2 16.0 11.3 20.1 14.1 14.7 14.6 16.4 15.4 16.0 15.4 12.1 16.1 23.9 17.5 21.7 18.5 15.5 18.4 18.8 16.4 20.0 16.1 18.8 20.3 16.1 16.0 16.5 19.5 19.3 16.0 16.3 17.1 2.8 6.8 2.6 3.2 4.4 3.7 3.1 4.8 4.2 3.8 3.4 2.8 4.9 4.3 4.6 4.5 3.2 4.2 4.3 3.2 4.3 13.3 10.1 11.6 12.5 14.5 13.9 12.9 10.7 14.1 12.2 13.8 14.1 13.2 14.3 12.9 13.1 14.3 14.3 13.3 11.7 12.8 26.5 23.4 28.1 21.6 24.7 23.2 26.1 24.9 22.0 24.3 26.0 21.6 22.0 25.6 26.6 25.8 24.2 22.4 26.4 23.3 26.5 13.8 14.9 12.9 15.6 17.8 13.0 13.9 15.2 19.4 16.8 14.0 17.4 12.4 16.1 18.8 15.0 16.5 15.1 13.5 18.2 15.6 1.8 1.5 2.3 1.9 1.8 1.9 2.2 1.5 2.3 2.2 2.8 1.9 2.2 1.3 2.0 2.2 1.1 2.0 2.3 2.2 2.3 4.2 2.8 6.6 3.2 4.7 9.6 4.0 4.8 3.5 3.0 5.0 8.5 1.9 5.2 2.3 4.5 1.8 3.4 4.5 7.0 4.7 1.5 .7 .3 .5 .4 1.2 .8 1.3 1.2 .8 .9 .9 1.1 1.1 .5 .7 .6 .6 1.1 .8 1.2 1.8 .5 2.0 1.0 1.1 2.2 1.7 2.5 2.1 2.2 1.7 2.3 1.3 1.5 1.3 2.2 1.4 2.8 2.7 1.7 2.7 Cities: Baltimore central city ........................ Chicago central city .......................... Cleveland central city ....................... Dallas central city ............................. Detroit central city ............................. District of Columbia .......................... Houston central city .......................... Indianapolis central city .................... Los Angeles central city .................... Milwaukee central city ...................... New York central city ........................ Philadelphia central city .................... Phoenix central city .......................... St. Louis central city ......................... San Antonio central city .................... San Diego central city ....................... San Francisco central city ................ Women Metropolitan areas: Atlanta MSA ...................................... Baltimore PMSA ............................... Bergen-Passaic PMSA ..................... Boston PMSA ................................... Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............... Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ... Chicago PMSA ................................. Cincinnati PMSA ............................... Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ......... Columbus, Ohio MSA ....................... Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................. Dayton-Springfield MSA ................... Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ....... Detroit PMSA .................................... Fort Lauderdale PMSA ..................... Hartford MSA .................................... Houston PMSA ................................. Indianapolis MSA .............................. Kansas City MSA .............................. Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ...... Louisville MSA .................................. See footnotes at end of table. 119 Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued Managerial and professional specialty Population group and area Technical, sales, and administrative support Toltal TechniemExecutive, ployed1 Profes- cians administraand sional Sales tive, and specialty related managerial support Administrative support, including clerical Operators, fabricators, and laborers Precision Service Handlers, production, Machine occupacraft, and operators, Transpor- equipment tions assem- tation and cleaners, repair blers, helpers, material and and moving inspectors laborers Women–Continued Metropolitan areas:–Continued Memphis MSA .................................. Miami PMSA ..................................... Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ........... Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................ Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ...................... New Orleans MSA ............................ New York PMSA ............................... Newark PMSA .................................. Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA .................................. Oakland PMSA ................................. Oklahoma City MSA ......................... Orange County PMSA ...................... Philadelphia PMSA ........................... Phoenix-Mesa MSA .......................... Pittsburgh MSA ................................. Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............... Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ..... Rochester MSA ................................ Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................. St. Louis MSA2 ................................. Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............... San Antonio MSA ............................. San Diego MSA ................................ San Francisco PMSA ....................... San Jose PMSA ............................... Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........ Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA ............................................ Washington D.C. PMSA ................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 14.3 12.9 14.5 21.3 13.7 12.8 14.6 11.6 12.5 13.6 18.6 19.6 20.6 13.5 20.8 17.7 5.0 4.5 3.1 2.7 3.0 3.9 3.6 3.9 13.3 14.7 12.4 11.5 12.9 15.8 11.2 14.9 28.7 25.7 30.0 22.7 28.9 27.6 23.1 26.9 16.5 20.5 12.1 15.2 14.2 21.4 19.6 19.3 1.4 1.6 2.3 1.9 1.4 1.0 1.0 1.0 4.7 3.6 3.4 2.6 2.6 2.0 4.4 3.3 1.1 1.1 .5 .6 1.6 1.0 .5 .4 1.4 1.1 2.8 1.4 1.0 .7 1.0 1.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 14.7 19.9 13.3 17.1 15.3 15.1 13.5 14.7 11.4 14.6 11.0 16.6 15.0 14.3 11.1 15.4 22.2 14.8 20.5 18.4 19.1 19.6 17.3 21.9 15.1 17.6 14.7 16.0 16.5 16.7 17.4 20.7 16.8 16.6 18.8 21.7 22.6 20.5 3.7 5.1 5.1 3.2 3.4 4.1 4.2 2.9 4.6 3.0 4.2 4.4 3.6 3.4 3.2 3.0 3.3 5.8 4.5 16.1 15.4 12.2 14.5 13.5 14.2 13.3 15.2 14.8 15.9 15.2 13.4 15.2 13.4 13.4 13.1 12.4 10.1 11.4 22.4 23.1 26.3 21.2 25.4 26.0 25.2 24.7 22.4 23.9 19.7 26.7 23.3 29.0 26.5 23.0 18.2 22.4 20.8 15.9 13.6 15.7 15.3 14.1 17.0 19.7 19.0 17.5 16.5 17.8 15.5 13.8 13.7 22.4 18.3 14.1 11.6 14.8 2.0 1.2 2.4 3.6 .9 2.2 1.7 2.5 2.3 .6 2.7 2.5 1.9 2.1 1.2 1.8 1.0 4.8 2.2 2.8 1.2 2.7 6.3 2.9 3.9 2.3 2.9 8.0 4.2 8.7 1.6 3.7 4.6 2.9 3.5 4.3 6.5 1.8 1.4 .2 .8 3 ( ) .9 .6 .9 .5 .8 1.1 1.1 (3) 1.1 .6 .6 .7 .2 1.0 1.5 .8 1.0 1.6 .8 1.3 1.1 .8 1.6 2.3 2.5 1.9 .5 1.1 2.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 .5 1.7 100.0 100.0 10.7 21.9 15.8 24.4 5.1 3.1 16.9 9.6 25.7 23.5 16.9 13.8 2.3 .8 2.7 1.1 .6 .4 1.9 1.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 12.9 15.9 8.4 13.2 9.6 20.3 15.0 14.4 14.6 12.8 14.1 11.3 14.5 17.3 10.7 15.7 21.1 20.5 17.7 10.5 16.5 10.2 26.0 16.1 17.1 16.5 20.8 20.4 20.3 12.5 27.2 16.7 20.9 17.2 6.1 3.4 2.1 2.2 4.0 4.9 3.8 5.3 3.0 1.6 3.5 3.3 3.1 1.2 3.0 3.3 3.4 7.6 11.8 15.8 15.4 16.4 8.1 13.9 13.4 10.5 11.2 10.9 13.7 12.1 11.1 15.4 12.1 11.6 28.0 24.7 22.1 24.6 24.9 21.1 26.0 24.1 21.2 27.2 22.9 25.3 26.6 21.0 24.4 21.6 19.8 18.9 15.8 30.5 14.3 24.9 15.4 19.8 16.0 22.0 19.2 20.5 19.0 19.7 6.2 23.9 18.6 15.1 2.3 1.6 1.1 2.2 1.1 .8 1.1 1.6 2.0 .8 1.0 1.0 2.8 (3) 1.7 2.0 1.7 3.0 5.2 4.2 8.5 7.3 .8 2.1 2.7 8.1 2.4 5.0 4.3 6.2 8.6 2.6 3.6 6.9 .8 .9 2.1 .7 .6 .8 .5 1.1 .6 1.6 .5 .7 1.0 2.5 (3) .7 .4 .8 2.5 2.1 1.8 1.1 .8 1.1 3.7 1.7 3.2 1.2 1.0 1.7 3.7 .9 1.0 1.7 100.0 100.0 22.1 18.5 17.4 23.3 2.5 4.5 14.6 12.4 13.2 12.8 7.8 9.7 11.6 11.3 3.6 2.8 3.2 2.1 3.4 1.1 Cities: Baltimore central city ........................ Chicago central city .......................... Cleveland central city ....................... Dallas central city ............................. Detroit central city ............................. District of Columbia .......................... Houston central city .......................... Indianapolis central city .................... Los Angeles central city .................... Milwaukee central city ...................... New York central city ........................ Philadelphia central city .................... Phoenix central city .......................... St. Louis central city ......................... San Antonio central city .................... San Diego central city ....................... San Francisco central city ................ White Metropolitan areas: Atlanta MSA ...................................... Baltimore PMSA ............................... See footnotes at end of table. 120 Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued Managerial and professional specialty Population group and area Technical, sales, and administrative support Toltal TechniemExecutive, ployed1 Profes- cians administraand sional Sales tive, and specialty related managerial support Administrative support, including clerical Operators, fabricators, and laborers Precision Service Handlers, production, Machine occupacraft, and operators, Transpor- equipment tions assem- tation and cleaners, repair blers, helpers, material and and moving inspectors laborers White–Continued Metropolitan areas:–Continued Bergen-Passaic PMSA ..................... Boston PMSA ................................... Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............... Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ... Chicago PMSA ................................. Cincinnati PMSA ............................... Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ......... Columbus, Ohio MSA ....................... Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................. Dayton-Springfield MSA ................... Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ....... Detroit PMSA .................................... Fort Lauderdale PMSA ..................... Hartford MSA .................................... Houston PMSA ................................. Indianapolis MSA .............................. Kansas City MSA .............................. Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ...... Louisville MSA .................................. Memphis MSA .................................. Miami PMSA ..................................... Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ........... Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................ Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ...................... New Orleans MSA ............................ New York PMSA ............................... Newark PMSA .................................. Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA .................................. Oakland PMSA ................................. Oklahoma City MSA ......................... Orange County PMSA ...................... Philadelphia PMSA ........................... Phoenix-Mesa MSA .......................... Pittsburgh MSA ................................. Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............... Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ..... Rochester MSA ................................ Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................. St. Louis MSA2 ................................. Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............... San Antonio MSA ............................. San Diego MSA ................................ San Francisco PMSA ....................... San Jose PMSA ............................... Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........ Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA ............................................ Washington D.C. PMSA ................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 17.1 19.6 13.8 20.6 18.8 16.2 15.7 15.7 17.8 15.8 18.8 16.2 18.7 16.7 17.3 19.1 16.0 14.8 15.9 22.5 14.8 14.8 20.8 17.4 17.4 17.8 17.3 15.8 20.1 15.8 13.8 16.5 16.1 14.5 18.0 14.5 16.5 21.5 15.3 15.4 16.5 18.3 18.1 16.4 14.4 15.9 15.6 13.5 15.4 18.7 15.2 18.6 19.2 16.6 3.3 3.1 4.2 3.3 2.6 3.6 3.7 3.0 3.6 2.6 3.7 3.2 3.5 3.7 3.2 2.9 3.7 2.2 3.0 5.5 3.9 2.8 3.4 2.9 3.9 2.7 2.8 14.4 12.0 15.2 15.5 13.1 10.9 13.0 11.9 12.7 12.4 13.3 12.5 14.1 11.6 11.9 14.0 14.3 10.8 11.0 15.6 14.5 10.9 12.4 13.3 11.5 12.7 14.7 16.9 13.3 14.4 13.0 14.3 16.7 14.0 14.9 14.9 12.4 13.8 14.2 14.6 15.2 12.4 12.0 15.4 13.1 16.1 13.8 16.1 17.7 14.4 16.6 15.4 15.1 15.9 9.1 12.6 12.8 7.3 10.2 10.2 13.0 12.5 10.9 10.3 9.0 11.1 12.4 10.6 10.1 10.3 10.1 14.5 11.4 7.3 13.6 9.3 10.8 12.8 13.0 14.6 12.9 10.9 10.2 9.1 11.4 10.6 10.9 11.9 9.3 12.5 12.1 9.8 12.6 13.1 12.2 13.1 10.2 10.7 11.0 12.0 11.4 8.6 12.9 9.1 12.0 9.1 6.8 8.6 5.6 3.0 6.1 6.7 5.8 6.6 5.5 4.0 4.8 8.5 2.5 6.1 2.3 5.7 5.4 5.5 4.8 8.4 5.6 3.1 3.3 5.9 4.1 2.8 2.5 3.3 4.4 2.9 2.3 3.4 3.3 3.4 4.0 3.5 5.0 3.7 3.6 3.2 3.6 1.8 2.6 3.3 2.3 3.7 4.1 3.8 1.0 4.9 4.4 2.8 3.5 3.4 3.6 3.0 3.8 2.9 4.0 2.9 3.7 3.7 3.4 3.0 3.6 3.6 3.3 4.2 2.8 4.1 4.0 4.3 4.1 4.8 3.6 3.1 4.9 4.9 2.5 2.9 3.4 3.8 2.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 15.4 21.6 15.7 18.1 18.0 16.6 15.9 15.2 13.2 13.7 15.3 17.0 15.7 14.8 12.4 16.4 22.1 18.6 20.9 18.5 19.2 17.5 16.7 19.7 14.5 16.7 15.3 14.5 11.0 16.5 18.0 15.6 15.6 13.9 17.2 22.4 20.7 20.1 4.9 4.7 4.4 3.0 3.5 3.7 3.7 2.8 3.5 2.9 3.6 3.9 3.4 3.7 2.5 3.5 3.5 5.2 3.9 13.8 13.7 13.1 15.0 13.4 12.3 12.6 13.0 13.0 12.5 12.6 13.4 13.8 14.2 11.5 13.4 13.7 9.4 11.8 15.2 12.7 16.2 11.7 14.8 14.3 14.8 14.2 13.5 12.8 12.8 13.8 14.3 17.1 15.9 12.7 10.7 13.9 11.8 10.0 9.0 10.9 11.8 9.9 13.5 14.0 13.5 13.9 14.3 12.3 14.0 10.8 10.8 17.4 15.2 9.4 8.8 10.3 12.4 11.1 9.5 10.5 9.0 11.9 9.8 11.0 11.4 14.2 10.5 9.0 12.6 10.6 12.6 9.4 9.0 10.1 9.8 2.4 2.0 4.4 5.8 3.4 3.9 3.7 5.3 8.7 5.4 8.8 2.0 5.0 4.3 3.1 3.2 2.2 5.2 3.3 2.0 2.9 3.3 2.8 3.3 2.5 4.6 3.5 3.1 5.7 3.8 3.8 4.1 3.1 4.3 2.7 2.5 1.9 3.6 2.8 2.4 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.6 2.9 4.0 3.9 4.8 2.5 3.6 3.2 4.5 3.9 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.1 100.0 100.0 14.1 25.8 13.8 25.8 3.6 3.3 15.4 9.0 15.2 11.1 13.8 10.8 11.0 8.8 3.7 1.2 2.9 1.1 3.8 1.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 14.3 17.1 9.1 16.5 3.4 26.2 17.4 8.1 16.7 5.2 6.0 2.9 3.0 2.5 (3) 13.1 10.9 11.1 11.5 12.1 8.3 12.4 16.2 14.0 19.0 14.3 12.3 20.2 12.4 20.7 13.1 9.7 12.1 11.9 13.8 2.4 7.5 9.1 6.9 3.4 1.2 3.5 7.1 1.8 5.2 1.2 5.3 4.0 5.3 12.1 Cities: Baltimore central city ........................ Chicago central city .......................... Cleveland central city ....................... Dallas central city ............................. Detroit central city ............................. See footnotes at end of table. 121 Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued Managerial and professional specialty Population group and area Technical, sales, and administrative support Toltal TechniemExecutive, ployed1 Profes- cians administraand sional Sales tive, and specialty related managerial support Administrative support, including clerical Operators, fabricators, and laborers Precision Service Handlers, production, Machine occupacraft, and operators, Transpor- equipment tions assem- tation and cleaners, repair blers, helpers, material and and moving inspectors laborers White–Continued Cities:–Continued District of Columbia .......................... Houston central city .......................... Indianapolis central city .................... Los Angeles central city .................... Milwaukee central city ...................... New York central city ........................ Philadelphia central city .................... Phoenix central city .......................... St. Louis central city ......................... San Antonio central city .................... San Diego central city ....................... San Francisco central city ................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 29.4 15.4 17.5 13.7 9.7 16.7 13.0 14.0 15.7 11.2 16.7 22.6 39.2 17.5 16.8 14.2 17.6 18.4 19.4 12.9 23.6 14.1 21.4 20.3 5.9 3.0 3.2 1.5 1.2 2.7 1.7 3.1 3.4 2.2 4.7 5.1 5.9 11.4 13.7 10.1 6.1 12.2 11.0 10.1 6.7 12.3 14.2 12.5 9.8 12.5 12.6 11.8 17.6 15.3 18.5 14.2 14.6 15.0 12.1 12.2 6.9 11.1 13.0 16.4 17.6 15.6 13.3 14.7 7.9 19.6 15.3 10.5 2.0 13.0 9.1 10.9 12.1 6.8 9.0 14.2 12.4 12.5 6.8 6.8 (3) 6.8 4.9 9.2 7.3 3.9 4.6 5.4 4.5 2.9 1.7 2.0 (3) 3.7 1.8 3.7 6.1 3.9 4.3 3.5 4.5 4.5 2.8 2.7 1.0 4.7 6.3 5.3 4.8 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.5 3.6 3.0 4.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 13.5 12.4 12.8 7.8 2.3 8.5 9.4 12.8 9.6 9.6 11.1 1.5 16.3 8.9 5.5 5.1 7.9 14.1 9.7 14.0 4.2 8.4 5.5 15.8 8.2 12.2 5.5 10.2 11.0 10.0 12.1 12.8 16.7 4.5 7.9 14.2 11.7 9.6 9.6 14.3 9.2 4.7 9.8 6.0 10.2 12.6 11.5 6.5 15.7 12.5 4.8 8.5 10.5 9.8 18.3 9.6 12.8 12.1 3.3 3.8 2.1 6.7 2.3 4.2 2.3 4.3 1.9 2.9 3.3 3.1 2.3 4.6 3.3 3.4 2.9 2.6 5.4 2.9 4.2 3.2 2.4 1.3 3.3 2.4 3.7 4.0 3.3 9.7 7.7 12.8 7.8 4.5 9.1 10.4 7.4 12.2 6.7 9.8 7.7 7.0 11.4 9.8 10.2 13.5 9.0 10.8 9.8 2.1 10.0 11.5 13.2 11.5 9.8 11.4 9.2 9.2 20.1 18.0 21.3 13.3 29.5 17.0 21.1 13.8 17.3 19.2 21.9 12.3 25.6 15.4 14.2 20.3 16.4 25.6 24.7 22.1 18.8 21.7 14.5 18.4 16.4 18.3 16.9 17.1 18.0 14.3 20.4 17.0 28.9 40.9 15.8 16.7 21.3 25.6 21.2 16.8 29.2 16.3 21.7 32.2 23.7 20.8 20.5 18.3 16.2 27.1 22.9 24.2 18.4 21.3 20.7 23.7 27.2 25.0 7.3 6.5 4.3 5.6 4.5 7.9 6.9 7.4 7.1 8.7 6.8 9.2 11.6 6.8 9.8 13.6 8.8 3.8 6.5 6.9 6.3 8.4 11.5 6.6 8.2 8.5 5.5 7.7 4.8 8.3 5.6 6.4 5.6 9.1 13.9 6.4 6.4 5.8 5.8 5.8 16.9 2.3 11.1 3.8 5.1 2.9 3.8 5.4 3.1 10.4 7.2 5.5 6.6 4.9 6.1 4.6 3.3 5.9 6.8 5.0 6.4 5.6 2.3 7.9 6.6 8.5 5.1 6.7 4.5 4.6 2.3 6.2 8.2 3.4 8.5 2.6 4.3 5.0 8.3 8.4 6.1 1.3 6.6 1.2 9.1 5.0 5.1 6.0 7.1 4.3 3.3 (3) 8.5 5.3 5.3 4.5 8.7 4.8 6.2 9.3 3.8 2.7 5.1 4.7 7.7 8.6 3.8 4.2 4.0 6.1 6.6 9.8 2.4 7.8 3.0 5.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 13.1 18.9 11.7 10.3 8.2 11.1 5.6 19.4 4.8 15.2 5.7 13.1 18.1 18.3 17.2 13.8 11.1 11.1 6.5 14.3 17.0 11.3 2.8 1.6 3.3 6.9 3.5 1.9 1.9 (3) 4.8 .9 1.9 10.8 8.7 8.3 20.7 12.9 13.0 11.1 12.9 9.5 10.7 11.3 13.6 17.3 11.7 20.7 18.8 24.1 18.5 25.8 14.3 20.5 11.3 19.9 19.7 21.7 20.7 24.0 16.7 25.9 16.1 28.6 10.7 34.0 9.1 5.5 3.3 3.4 5.9 7.4 14.8 3.2 14.3 9.8 5.7 5.7 1.6 10.0 (3) 4.1 11.1 3.7 6.5 9.5 1.8 9.4 5.7 3.1 1.7 (3) 4.1 3.7 3.7 3.2 (3) 8.0 3.8 5.1 3.9 10.0 3.4 4.7 (3) 1.9 3.2 4.8 6.3 3.8 Black Metropolitan areas: Atlanta MSA ...................................... Baltimore PMSA ............................... Bergen-Passaic PMSA ..................... Boston PMSA ................................... Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............... Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ... Chicago PMSA ................................. Cincinnati PMSA ............................... Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ......... Columbus, Ohio MSA ....................... Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................. Dayton-Springfield MSA ................... Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ....... Detroit PMSA .................................... Fort Lauderdale PMSA ..................... Hartford MSA .................................... Houston PMSA ................................. Indianapolis MSA .............................. Kansas City MSA .............................. Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ...... Louisville MSA .................................. Memphis MSA .................................. Miami PMSA ..................................... Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ........... Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................ Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ...................... New Orleans MSA ............................ New York PMSA ............................... Newark PMSA .................................. Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA .................................. Oakland PMSA ................................. Oklahoma City MSA ......................... Orange County PMSA ...................... Philadelphia PMSA ........................... Phoenix-Mesa MSA .......................... Pittsburgh MSA ................................. Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............... Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ..... Rochester MSA ................................ See footnotes at end of table. 122 Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued Managerial and professional specialty Population group and area Technical, sales, and administrative support Toltal TechniemExecutive, ployed1 Profes- cians administraand sional Sales tive, and specialty related managerial support Administrative support, including clerical Operators, fabricators, and laborers Precision Service Handlers, production, Machine occupacraft, and operators, Transpor- equipment tions assem- tation and cleaners, repair blers, helpers, material and and moving inspectors laborers Black–Continued Metropolitan areas:–Continued Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................. St. Louis MSA2 ................................. Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............... San Antonio MSA ............................. San Diego MSA ................................ San Francisco PMSA ....................... San Jose PMSA ............................... Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........ Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA ............................................ Washington D.C. PMSA ................... 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10.3 13.3 33.3 3.8 3.2 25.0 13.0 16.3 12.8 16.1 (3) 15.4 8.1 15.4 39.1 16.3 5.1 2.2 (3) 7.7 3.2 1.9 (3) (3) (3) 11.1 (3) 21.2 8.1 11.5 (3) 10.2 35.9 17.8 16.7 13.5 30.6 17.3 17.4 14.3 17.9 19.4 33.3 23.1 17.7 15.4 21.7 16.3 7.7 2.2 (3) 1.9 11.3 7.7 4.3 8.2 2.6 6.1 (3) 5.8 1.6 (3) (3) 4.1 2.6 7.2 (3) 1.9 6.5 3.8 8.7 8.2 (3) 5.0 (3) 5.8 6.5 (3) (3) 2.0 100.0 100.0 6.1 16.6 8.7 12.0 4.3 3.8 10.4 10.1 14.8 22.5 23.5 17.2 13.9 5.7 9.6 1.7 3.5 7.3 5.2 2.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 12.8 7.3 5.1 11.2 8.6 14.1 6.6 14.7 15.3 13.7 10.0 7.6 6.7 18.3 5.3 4.7 31.7 8.6 13.0 7.7 13.8 9.7 14.8 10.5 10.7 16.8 9.6 12.5 13.7 3.3 18.3 15.8 7.0 14.6 4.3 1.6 1.3 2.0 3.9 3.0 2.2 2.7 3.2 1.4 3.9 3.8 3.3 (3) 7.9 4.7 2.4 5.9 11.7 11.5 10.5 10.8 9.6 13.2 9.3 7.4 12.3 9.4 12.3 13.3 9.9 21.1 9.3 7.3 19.8 22.0 10.3 22.4 15.4 19.3 18.0 26.7 23.7 19.2 17.0 19.0 20.0 14.1 7.9 25.6 17.1 25.1 19.2 37.2 16.4 21.9 23.7 25.4 21.3 16.3 19.2 28.0 25.1 20.0 15.5 21.1 23.3 19.5 8.0 5.4 9.0 6.6 6.8 4.4 7.5 1.3 6.8 6.8 7.7 7.1 13.3 1.4 2.6 9.3 7.3 4.3 6.0 6.4 5.9 11.8 2.2 2.2 4.0 2.6 5.5 3.1 2.8 10.0 7.0 7.9 (3) (3) 4.3 7.0 6.4 5.3 5.7 5.2 7.5 2.7 4.2 1.4 4.9 4.3 6.7 4.2 2.6 7.0 4.9 6.4 6.2 2.6 3.9 4.7 3.7 4.8 8.0 3.2 6.8 3.1 3.8 (3) 9.9 7.9 7.0 (3) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10.9 8.7 7.8 5.1 8.3 7.3 7.4 7.8 8.6 10.6 11.5 7.7 6.3 9.1 10.5 7.0 12.5 8.7 8.5 9.8 21.2 9.9 12.7 47.8 5.2 7.7 8.3 4.6 3.7 4.4 9.9 6.1 12.2 5.8 6.7 18.2 5.3 4.8 9.7 (3) 8.5 4.5 9.1 6.3 (3) (3) 1.3 1.3 8.3 2.1 3.7 2.4 2.5 1.5 4.6 3.8 2.5 (3) 2.6 1.6 4.5 (3) (3) 2.7 (3) 1.8 10.9 8.7 5.2 7.7 (3) 7.3 3.7 8.6 13.0 4.5 11.5 13.5 8.5 (3) 21.1 9.0 13.9 (3) 4.3 4.5 15.2 10.6 7.3 17.4 16.9 9.0 (3) 12.1 14.8 9.1 17.3 12.1 14.5 11.5 12.1 (3) 10.5 12.6 16.4 13.0 6.4 13.4 12.1 14.8 9.1 8.7 14.3 43.6 8.3 16.3 25.9 20.8 14.8 30.3 19.1 15.4 16.2 36.4 15.8 20.6 15.2 8.7 48.9 17.9 15.2 26.8 25.5 (3) 9.1 6.4 25.0 13.4 18.5 19.7 16.0 10.6 13.7 17.3 21.6 27.3 13.2 13.1 9.9 17.4 8.5 17.0 12.1 8.0 7.3 (3) 22.1 10.3 25.0 18.2 3.7 11.8 4.3 6.1 4.6 13.5 11.7 9.1 10.5 14.3 3.8 26.1 8.5 17.0 3.0 7.8 7.3 (3) 7.8 2.6 (3) 5.6 7.4 4.0 5.6 4.5 3.8 1.9 5.8 (3) 5.3 6.0 5.9 4.3 4.3 4.5 9.1 5.9 5.5 (3) 6.5 6.4 16.7 9.4 11.1 9.3 6.8 7.6 2.3 5.8 6.5 (3) 7.9 7.5 5.9 21.7 2.1 7.1 3.0 7.5 Cities: Baltimore central city ........................ Chicago central city .......................... Cleveland central city ....................... Dallas central city ............................. Detroit central city ............................. District of Columbia .......................... Houston central city .......................... Indianapolis central city .................... Los Angeles central city .................... Milwaukee central city ...................... New York central city ........................ Philadelphia central city .................... Phoenix central city .......................... St. Louis central city ......................... San Antonio central city .................... San Diego central city ....................... San Francisco central city ................ Hispanic origin Metropolitan areas: Atlanta MSA ...................................... Baltimore PMSA ............................... Bergen-Passaic PMSA ..................... Boston PMSA ................................... Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ... Chicago PMSA ................................. Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ......... Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................. Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ....... Detroit PMSA .................................... Fort Lauderdale PMSA ..................... Hartford MSA .................................... Houston PMSA ................................. Indianapolis MSA .............................. Kansas City MSA .............................. Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ...... Miami PMSA ..................................... Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ........... Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................ Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ...................... New Orleans MSA ............................ New York PMSA ............................... See footnotes at end of table. 123 Table 24. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons by sex, race, Hispanic origin, and occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued Managerial and professional specialty Population group and area Technical, sales, and administrative support Toltal TechniemExecutive, ployed1 Profes- cians administraand sional Sales tive, and specialty related managerial support Administrative support, including clerical Operators, fabricators, and laborers Precision Service Handlers, production, Machine occupacraft, and operators, Transpor- equipment tions assem- tation and cleaners, repair blers, helpers, material and and moving inspectors laborers Hispanic origin–Continued Metropolitan areas:–Continued Newark PMSA .................................. Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA .................................. Oakland PMSA ................................. Oklahoma City MSA ......................... Orange County PMSA ...................... Philadelphia PMSA ........................... Phoenix-Mesa MSA .......................... Pittsburgh MSA ................................. Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............... Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ..... Rochester MSA ................................ Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................. Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............... San Antonio MSA ............................. San Diego MSA ................................ San Francisco PMSA ....................... San Jose PMSA ............................... Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........ Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA ............................................ Washington D.C. PMSA ................... Cities: Chicago central city .......................... Cleveland central city ....................... Dallas central city ............................. Detroit central city ............................. District of Columbia .......................... Houston central city .......................... Los Angeles central city .................... Milwaukee central city ...................... New York central city ........................ Philadelphia central city .................... Phoenix central city .......................... San Antonio central city .................... San Diego central city ....................... San Francisco central city ................ 100.0 6.9 5.9 3.0 14.9 18.8 15.8 9.9 12.9 5.9 5.0 4.0 2.2 (3) 4.8 2.7 4.1 (3) 3.6 3.4 7.1 7.7 2.1 4.3 4.9 2.6 4.1 4.5 (3) 4.0 6.5 14.3 6.6 8.1 6.8 (3) 5.5 6.9 5.9 15.4 5.3 8.5 5.5 7.1 6.1 10.0 8.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 8.0 9.8 7.1 5.4 5.4 7.5 20.0 5.5 3.4 5.6 7.7 11.7 8.5 7.1 9.8 9.5 8.0 10.9 16.0 9.8 10.7 6.9 9.5 4.7 20.0 3.6 6.9 5.9 (3) 10.6 6.4 7.4 6.8 8.1 6.0 6.5 4.0 3.3 3.6 2.4 1.4 2.4 (3) 1.8 (3) 1.2 (3) 7.4 4.3 2.2 (3) 1.4 4.0 2.2 20.0 15.2 7.1 6.6 12.2 7.1 10.0 5.5 6.9 10.4 7.7 8.5 8.5 11.2 12.0 10.8 5.5 6.5 28.0 16.3 10.7 9.6 10.8 10.5 20.0 10.9 13.8 13.1 7.7 11.7 8.5 18.0 12.0 16.9 15.5 8.7 4.0 13.0 28.6 20.7 23.0 20.3 20.0 23.6 13.8 15.7 15.4 19.1 14.9 22.1 24.8 20.3 16.5 30.4 8.0 16.3 7.1 16.2 10.8 17.3 10.0 5.5 13.8 17.2 15.4 9.6 25.5 15.3 11.3 14.9 12.5 19.6 (3) 2.2 10.7 15.6 10.8 8.8 (3) 16.4 27.6 11.0 15.4 10.6 10.6 4.6 6.0 7.4 12.0 4.3 100.0 100.0 6.6 9.7 4.9 7.4 1.6 2.8 12.3 5.1 13.9 6.8 22.1 33.5 13.9 18.2 6.6 4.0 .8 1.7 5.7 6.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 6.3 (3) 3.6 7.7 12.5 5.8 5.3 7.1 10.0 4.8 6.7 6.9 10.6 16.2 4.2 (3) 4.2 (3) 12.5 5.0 3.9 (3) 6.1 9.5 2.2 6.9 8.3 6.8 2.9 (3) 2.4 (3) 6.3 2.5 1.2 (3) 1.8 (3) 1.7 2.8 (3) 2.7 6.3 8.3 10.9 (3) 6.3 9.1 7.5 (3) 10.6 14.3 6.1 12.1 13.6 5.4 12.9 8.3 7.9 7.7 6.3 11.6 11.2 7.1 15.0 19.0 12.3 17.0 12.1 23.0 15.8 41.7 22.4 23.1 37.5 17.4 22.8 14.3 26.5 9.5 20.7 23.2 23.5 17.6 13.8 8.3 18.8 7.7 6.3 20.3 14.3 21.4 7.8 19.0 19.6 14.9 12.1 8.1 17.5 8.3 13.3 7.7 (3) 12.0 14.9 35.7 8.0 19.0 11.7 3.8 3.8 6.8 5.8 8.3 3.0 7.7 6.3 6.2 5.6 (3) 6.1 (3) 5.0 5.9 4.5 6.8 12.5 16.7 10.9 30.8 6.3 8.7 8.3 14.3 7.9 4.8 6.7 4.5 7.6 5.4 1 Includes farming, forestry, and fishing not shown separately. 2 Data do not reflect the official U.S. Office of Management and Budget NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in that area. See appendix B. Detail may not add to totals because of rounding. definition. See appendix C. 3 Less than 500 persons employed or less than 0.05 percent of total employed. 124 Table 25. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Unemployment rates by occupation, 1998 annual averages Managerial and professional specialty Area Total1 Technical, sales, and administrative support Executive, TechniProfesadministracians and sional tive, and related specialty managerial support Sales Operators, fabricators, and laborers Precision Service Adminiproduction, Machine Transporoccupastrative craft, and operators, tation and tions support, assemblers, repair material including and moving clerical inspectors Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Metropolitan areas: Atlanta MSA ...................................... Baltimore PMSA ............................... Bergen-Passaic PMSA ..................... Boston PMSA ................................... Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............... Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ... Chicago PMSA ................................. Cincinnati PMSA ............................... Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ......... Columbus, Ohio MSA ....................... Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................. Dayton-Springfield MSA ................... Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ....... Detroit PMSA .................................... Fort Lauderdale PMSA ..................... Hartford MSA .................................... Houston PMSA ................................. Indianapolis MSA .............................. Kansas City MSA .............................. Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA ...... Louisville MSA .................................. Memphis MSA .................................. Miami PMSA ..................................... Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ........... Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA ................ Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ...................... New Orleans MSA ............................ New York PMSA ............................... Newark PMSA .................................. Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA .................................. Oakland PMSA ................................. Oklahoma City MSA ......................... Orange County PMSA ...................... Philadelphia PMSA ........................... Phoenix-Mesa MSA .......................... Pittsburgh MSA ................................. Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............... Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ..... Rochester MSA ................................ Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................. St. Louis MSA3 ................................. Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............... San Antonio MSA ............................. San Diego MSA ................................ San Francisco PMSA ....................... San Jose PMSA ............................... Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ........ Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA ............................................ Washington D.C. PMSA ................... 3.0 5.1 3.5 3.0 3.4 3.4 4.3 3.4 2.8 3.5 3.8 4.9 3.1 3.7 4.0 2.5 3.9 3.0 3.1 5.8 3.6 3.9 5.8 3.1 2.0 2.5 4.4 6.8 4.3 1.9 .3 .3 1.3 .7 2.0 2.1 2.8 .3 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.7 (2) 2.5 .9 2.2 2.5 1.1 2.4 2.6 .7 .6 1.8 2.3 2.5 1.1 1.6 2.9 3.1 1.9 1.4 2.2 1.7 1.0 1.0 1.3 2.1 1.7 2.3 1.0 1.7 (2) 1.9 (2) 1.7 3.9 2.0 2.6 2.1 1.5 1.3 .9 1.8 3.1 2.4 (2) 2.4 (2) 1.5 (2) (2) 1.2 (2) (2) (2) 1.0 (2) (2) 1.9 (2) (2) 1.8 (2) (2) 3.0 (2) (2) 4.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) 3.4 (2) 3.6 5.0 3.5 3.3 4.3 2.9 5.5 5.1 1.6 3.1 4.7 2.7 2.9 3.5 6.4 (2) 4.1 4.3 2.6 6.7 4.3 2.7 7.8 5.4 2.7 1.6 4.7 8.7 4.6 2.3 5.5 5.0 2.9 3.1 4.3 3.7 2.0 2.5 2.7 4.4 5.1 3.8 2.4 3.5 (2) 4.4 2.7 2.4 5.4 2.4 4.3 5.0 1.8 1.8 2.6 2.0 8.7 4.8 5.8 10.3 5.3 3.8 4.5 7.3 7.1 6.4 3.9 5.0 6.9 8.1 7.9 5.6 4.8 (2) 5.7 6.4 4.5 7.3 5.6 5.5 8.7 4.2 3.7 3.6 7.5 9.1 6.4 2.3 2.8 2.7 2.9 (2) 2.7 3.7 2.8 4.3 3.3 2.0 7.9 2.2 4.1 3.1 (2) 3.8 (2) 3.6 6.2 6.7 (2) 5.2 1.6 1.1 2.9 7.4 7.6 4.5 3.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) 3.9 6.6 (2) (2) (2) 5.4 6.5 (2) 6.5 (2) (2) 4.1 (2) (2) 8.9 (2) (2) 9.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) 9.7 3.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 3.8 (2) (2) (2) 5.4 (2) (2) 5.6 (2) (2) 4.7 (2) (2) 3.9 (2) (2) 4.7 (2) (2) (2) (2) 4.9 6.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 12.3 (2) (2) (2) 6.7 (2) (2) 8.8 (2) (2) 9.6 (2) (2) 12.5 (2) (2) 11.1 (2) (2) (2) (2) 12.7 11.1 4.0 4.0 3.8 3.3 4.4 3.3 3.8 4.6 4.7 6.6 4.4 5.6 4.3 3.7 5.1 5.1 3.3 3.5 3.5 2.0 1.2 2.3 1.9 2.3 1.7 1.9 3.7 3.1 3.4 3.2 1.1 1.5 2.4 1.0 3.2 .9 1.9 .6 1.6 1.5 1.8 1.6 1.7 1.7 2.1 2.8 1.4 1.9 1.8 1.6 1.8 2.6 1.8 2.4 2.3 1.6 2.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) 2.1 (2) (2) (2) 3.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) 3.2 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 7.3 4.1 3.6 3.1 2.9 3.7 3.7 5.0 4.8 7.8 4.5 7.5 5.2 3.7 7.7 7.6 3.3 5.8 4.9 5.2 5.0 3.9 2.9 4.2 3.8 3.2 5.2 3.8 4.9 2.8 2.9 2.3 2.6 7.4 5.2 3.7 3.4 3.8 7.9 6.0 8.1 5.7 8.2 3.9 4.7 5.6 6.3 9.9 6.8 9.6 7.6 6.0 6.7 4.7 7.1 3.8 4.7 2.7 7.5 4.3 3.3 6.0 3.6 4.8 3.7 2.7 6.7 9.4 5.7 5.4 2.7 4.8 6.9 2.6 4.1 4.1 (2) (2) (2) 5.5 7.6 3.9 (2) 7.4 8.7 13.6 1.0 (2) 8.2 6.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 6.6 (2) 7.4 (2) 15.8 6.0 (2) (2) 1.8 2.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 11.1 (2) (2) 8.4 6.1 10.4 (2) (2) (2) 9.0 (2) 10.9 (2) (2) (2) 4.6 3.3 1.9 1.5 1.8 1.7 5.6 3.0 2.6 5.0 3.3 4.1 5.8 5.3 5.9 3.9 8.2 (2) (2) (2) 8.5 (2) 11.6 6.7 5.8 3.9 7.2 8.3 5.7 3.9 (2) 2.8 (2) 3.0 3.5 3.8 4.5 (2) 7.1 3.0 (2) .5 2.0 3.6 3.6 (2) (2) 2.4 (2) (2) (2) 6.6 (2) (2) 10.1 8.1 (2) 7.6 7.4 11.9 5.4 (2) 8.3 4.8 (2) 5.6 5.8 9.4 4.8 (2) 17.2 9.3 6.4 6.7 9.0 13.1 8.4 (2) 4.2 4.7 (2) 1.7 8.5 16.1 6.4 (2) (2) 13.3 (2) (2) 6.8 (2) 4.8 (2) (2) 5.5 (2) (2) (2) 9.9 7.7 (2) 33.2 15.8 (2) (2) 13.7 21.8 11.2 (2) Cities: Baltimore central city ........................ Chicago central city .......................... Cleveland central city ....................... Dallas central city ............................. Detroit central city ............................. District of Columbia .......................... Houston central city .......................... Indianapolis central city .................... See footnotes at end of table. 125 Table 25. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Unemployment rates by occupation, 1998 annual averages — Continued Managerial and professional specialty Area Total1 Technical, sales, and administrative support Executive, TechniProfesadministracians and sional tive, and related specialty managerial support Sales Operators, fabricators, and laborers Precision Service Adminiproduction, Machine Transporoccupastrative craft, and operators, tation and tions support, assemblers, repair material including and moving clerical inspectors Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers Cities:–Continued Los Angeles central city .................... Milwaukee central city ...................... New York central city ........................ Philadelphia central city .................... Phoenix central city .......................... St. Louis central city ......................... San Antonio central city .................... San Diego central city ....................... San Francisco central city ................ 6.7 6.4 7.3 7.3 4.2 8.1 5.4 4.5 3.6 2.0 (2) 2.7 3.1 2.3 4.6 1.1 5.1 .6 6.2 2.5 3.3 3.0 1.8 4.7 1.3 2.6 (2) 1.6 (2) 2.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 9.1 (2) 9.3 6.1 6.6 (2) 9.8 6.4 (2) 1 Excludes persons with no previous work experience. Includes farming, forestry, and fishing, not shown separately. 2 Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample 5.1 1.4 9.7 5.9 5.8 7.7 9.1 4.2 (2) 7.5 5.8 9.3 12.2 3.8 (2) 5.7 4.1 (2) 7.1 (2) 7.9 7.7 4.6 (2) 5.2 (2) (2) 10.2 (2) 9.9 11.2 5.6 (2) (2) (2) (2) 2.0 (2) 5.2 13.9 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 16.3 (2) 13.2 11.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) in that area. See appendix B. 3 Data do not reflect the official U.S. Office of Management and Budget definition. See appendix C. 126 Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers Manufacturing Population group and area Total employed1 Total2 Construction Total Durable goods Transportation, communicaNontions, durable and goods public utilities Trade Finance, Governinsurance, ment Services3 and real estate TOTAL Metropolitan areas: Atlanta MSA .................................................... Baltimore PMSA ............................................. Bergen-Passaic PMSA ................................... Boston PMSA ................................................. Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............................. Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ................. Chicago PMSA ............................................... Cincinnati PMSA ............................................. Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ....................... Columbus, Ohio MSA ..................................... Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA ................................ Dayton-Springfield MSA ................................. Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ..................... Detroit PMSA .................................................. Fort Lauderdale PMSA ................................... Hartford MSA .................................................. Houston PMSA ............................................... Indianapolis MSA ............................................ Kansas City MSA ............................................ Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA .................... Louisville MSA ................................................ Memphis MSA ................................................ Miami PMSA ................................................... Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ......................... Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA .............................. Nassau-Suffolk PMSA .................................... New Orleans MSA .......................................... New York PMSA ............................................. Newark PMSA ................................................ Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA .. Oakland PMSA ............................................... Oklahoma City MSA ....................................... Orange County PMSA .................................... Philadelphia PMSA ......................................... Phoenix-Mesa MSA ........................................ Pittsburgh MSA ............................................... Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............................. Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA .............. Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ................... Rochester MSA .............................................. Sacramento-Yolo CMSA ................................ St. Louis MSA4 ............................................... Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............................. San Antonio MSA ........................................... San Diego MSA .............................................. San Francisco PMSA ..................................... San Jose PMSA ............................................. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ...................... Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA ......... Washington D.C. PMSA ................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 81.9 71.3 84.1 81.6 76.9 84.5 84.0 85.7 84.4 76.6 84.4 80.0 76.9 86.4 83.7 85.8 82.3 84.8 80.6 78.3 82.6 81.0 83.5 84.5 81.7 77.8 77.5 78.1 80.2 73.1 72.8 71.9 79.5 81.7 82.7 82.9 79.2 83.7 77.0 81.4 68.4 83.6 79.5 75.6 74.7 76.9 82.5 80.7 82.5 69.7 6.5 5.4 4.5 4.1 2.5 4.9 4.7 4.7 4.7 4.3 5.4 4.5 6.4 4.9 6.4 5.1 8.2 3.8 5.2 4.3 6.8 4.7 5.3 5.0 3.3 5.5 4.9 3.6 3.7 5.7 4.4 4.4 3.4 3.7 8.4 3.9 5.5 4.4 6.6 3.2 3.7 6.0 6.4 6.5 4.9 4.6 3.2 5.7 7.0 5.6 13.0 8.7 17.4 12.6 16.9 20.5 17.7 21.2 19.2 12.4 16.0 22.9 10.1 23.0 8.3 20.0 13.2 14.9 12.8 17.9 16.7 9.0 8.2 23.5 17.0 9.7 9.8 8.8 12.6 13.1 11.2 10.4 18.8 13.7 14.3 11.6 17.5 21.5 12.4 24.4 7.6 14.0 12.6 8.1 13.7 10.5 31.0 18.7 9.9 4.7 7.4 5.4 6.3 8.2 11.1 7.4 10.1 10.9 13.9 7.7 10.6 15.8 6.0 19.3 6.2 15.6 7.2 9.5 7.0 10.0 9.7 3.9 3.5 17.0 10.8 4.8 4.1 2.7 5.7 9.2 7.1 7.4 12.6 6.7 10.4 8.2 12.4 13.3 8.8 17.1 5.5 8.2 9.0 5.0 10.3 3.9 28.1 14.5 6.2 2.4 5.6 3.3 10.9 4.3 5.8 13.1 7.6 10.2 5.3 4.7 5.4 7.1 4.2 3.6 2.2 4.4 6.0 5.3 6.0 7.8 7.0 5.1 4.7 6.4 6.2 4.9 5.6 6.1 7.0 4.0 4.1 3.0 6.2 7.0 3.9 3.4 5.1 8.1 3.6 7.1 2.1 5.8 3.6 3.1 3.5 6.7 2.9 4.2 3.6 2.3 9.8 4.6 6.8 4.9 5.1 7.6 7.2 7.2 4.2 5.3 9.1 4.5 6.1 4.7 7.2 5.3 6.9 4.9 7.8 5.6 8.4 12.4 12.2 4.1 5.7 8.7 5.7 6.0 7.7 5.0 7.7 5.1 4.1 5.2 5.7 7.3 5.8 3.1 7.8 3.2 5.3 6.0 6.1 7.2 4.0 5.0 4.0 5.1 5.7 5.4 21.1 17.6 19.7 18.1 21.6 19.9 18.5 19.8 20.4 21.6 21.1 20.0 18.7 21.0 22.4 17.1 20.4 21.6 20.1 18.7 16.9 18.4 22.3 18.9 21.1 19.2 23.5 18.0 18.5 18.8 17.7 20.7 20.0 18.3 20.6 23.2 20.2 21.9 20.4 22.2 19.6 20.8 22.0 21.2 20.3 19.3 13.1 19.5 26.1 14.7 6.5 7.5 9.9 8.1 5.3 7.1 8.1 4.9 6.7 9.1 7.5 3.1 7.5 5.7 9.3 11.3 5.9 8.4 7.6 5.1 6.8 7.9 7.9 7.0 8.1 8.8 4.1 10.8 8.3 6.6 7.7 4.7 7.3 8.3 8.2 6.4 6.2 7.0 5.5 4.1 6.4 6.8 7.5 5.0 5.7 6.6 3.5 6.1 7.7 6.8 24.9 27.5 25.7 33.8 25.3 24.3 27.8 27.8 29.1 23.9 25.0 24.9 27.4 27.1 30.0 26.9 24.1 31.1 27.0 26.6 26.6 28.6 27.3 25.7 26.4 25.8 26.7 30.8 29.1 23.7 23.9 25.0 25.5 32.4 25.5 30.2 23.8 25.7 24.3 24.1 25.9 29.7 24.2 27.1 26.1 30.8 27.8 25.6 25.9 32.5 12.1 22.8 10.9 10.6 17.5 10.8 11.1 9.3 11.0 16.8 9.2 13.1 15.1 9.6 11.5 10.4 10.8 9.4 13.7 12.0 12.7 13.3 11.1 11.0 12.7 17.5 14.9 15.7 13.8 21.6 16.3 21.1 10.3 11.7 11.1 9.7 11.7 11.1 15.1 14.5 21.6 10.8 14.9 17.8 14.9 10.0 9.2 12.0 12.5 23.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 71.4 80.8 87.0 83.0 79.9 4.3 3.2 4.5 6.4 3.9 5.1 15.2 16.4 15.2 18.3 1.8 8.6 12.4 8.9 15.0 3.3 6.6 4.5 6.3 3.3 2.5 5.6 4.5 5.6 5.7 21.0 17.6 24.9 20.6 19.5 7.2 7.8 6.8 9.4 5.1 30.8 31.3 29.4 25.4 27.3 23.9 14.2 9.0 9.9 16.8 Cities: Baltimore central city ...................................... Chicago central city ........................................ Cleveland central city ..................................... Dallas central city ........................................... Detroit central city ........................................... See footnotes at end of table. 127 Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers Manufacturing Population group and area Total employed1 Total2 Construction Total Durable goods Transportation, communicaNontions, durable and goods public utilities Trade Finance, Governinsurance, ment Services3 and real estate TOTAL–Continued Cities:–Continued District of Columbia ........................................ Houston central city ........................................ Indianapolis central city .................................. Los Angeles central city .................................. Milwaukee central city .................................... New York central city ...................................... Philadelphia central city .................................. Phoenix central city ........................................ St. Louis central city ....................................... San Antonio central city .................................. San Diego central city ..................................... San Francisco central city .............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 66.4 84.4 83.7 79.9 77.3 78.5 80.0 84.6 81.3 76.9 76.8 79.9 2.5 7.8 3.5 5.3 2.5 3.6 3.6 10.0 4.1 7.3 3.1 4.0 2.5 12.0 10.9 16.3 18.1 8.7 8.3 13.6 12.9 8.2 12.8 11.1 .4 6.6 5.4 7.8 13.0 2.5 3.1 9.6 6.4 4.4 9.8 1.7 2.5 5.4 5.4 8.5 5.0 6.2 5.2 4.1 6.4 3.8 3.1 9.4 4.9 7.4 3.8 5.1 5.5 6.3 6.2 5.8 8.2 6.7 3.8 5.2 11.5 21.5 25.3 19.5 16.4 18.2 17.3 21.4 17.0 22.4 21.1 21.1 4.5 4.5 8.2 5.0 6.7 10.9 7.3 7.0 7.6 5.7 6.9 6.1 40.6 28.9 31.6 28.6 28.2 30.7 37.5 26.6 31.6 26.6 29.1 32.0 26.4 7.8 11.7 8.7 19.7 15.7 14.9 10.4 15.8 17.2 14.4 9.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 85.3 74.0 84.9 81.7 76.4 87.1 85.4 86.3 84.5 78.1 85.3 80.1 78.1 89.3 84.2 85.7 84.6 86.1 82.1 80.0 83.6 84.5 84.3 86.7 84.4 78.8 78.6 78.7 81.3 76.5 74.6 72.8 81.4 80.1 83.8 82.5 80.4 82.8 78.1 82.9 11.5 9.6 7.7 7.2 3.9 8.8 7.7 8.0 8.2 7.4 8.5 7.5 10.5 8.0 10.6 8.4 12.8 6.7 8.9 7.0 11.6 8.1 9.0 9.0 5.9 9.3 8.1 5.9 6.7 9.3 7.1 8.0 5.4 6.6 13.3 6.7 8.7 7.9 10.1 5.5 15.6 12.4 19.9 16.1 23.9 23.2 22.0 27.9 27.4 18.2 19.6 29.0 12.6 32.1 10.8 26.8 18.2 21.4 15.5 20.1 21.6 12.0 7.7 32.0 22.0 11.8 14.8 8.1 16.0 19.0 15.3 14.9 23.0 17.6 18.4 15.8 22.9 26.5 16.3 31.3 9.7 8.0 8.3 10.8 16.4 10.0 13.6 15.7 20.9 10.8 14.0 22.0 7.8 27.7 8.3 20.6 10.0 14.4 9.1 12.3 13.0 5.4 3.7 24.5 15.0 6.2 6.6 3.0 8.0 14.2 10.5 11.2 16.1 9.6 13.4 11.9 17.2 16.8 11.5 22.9 6.0 4.3 11.7 5.3 7.5 13.2 8.3 11.9 6.6 7.4 5.6 7.5 4.9 4.3 2.5 6.3 8.2 6.7 6.4 7.8 8.6 6.6 3.9 7.5 7.0 5.5 8.1 5.1 8.0 4.8 4.8 4.0 7.1 8.0 5.0 4.0 5.7 9.7 4.8 8.7 11.6 6.5 9.1 6.1 7.1 11.7 8.9 9.7 5.7 7.4 10.9 6.6 7.6 5.8 9.0 6.3 8.0 5.7 10.1 6.6 11.0 19.4 14.4 5.1 6.3 11.1 7.5 7.9 10.6 5.7 8.9 7.2 4.3 6.9 6.6 10.5 7.4 4.7 10.9 5.5 22.5 18.7 21.9 18.3 19.6 21.7 18.6 18.4 18.9 20.7 20.9 16.6 19.5 20.5 25.0 19.2 19.5 24.0 21.5 20.6 16.1 20.2 23.2 17.0 22.7 19.7 22.0 21.2 18.9 19.8 16.9 21.0 21.2 19.0 19.3 21.5 18.7 20.8 19.8 20.4 5.3 6.8 10.3 7.1 4.6 4.7 6.9 3.5 4.9 6.2 5.7 1.7 5.5 4.2 7.4 8.0 3.9 5.9 4.4 3.6 4.1 5.0 6.0 4.4 5.9 7.9 1.2 10.8 6.9 4.5 5.2 2.2 5.4 6.2 6.6 4.3 3.9 5.0 3.3 2.5 18.8 20.0 16.0 26.8 17.1 16.7 21.3 18.9 18.9 18.2 19.3 18.7 21.6 18.8 21.6 16.7 17.9 22.7 21.7 22.1 18.8 19.8 23.6 18.7 21.5 18.9 20.5 24.7 22.1 18.1 21.0 17.4 21.6 23.8 19.4 22.9 18.3 18.3 17.8 17.1 8.3 19.8 10.0 9.3 17.5 7.3 9.2 7.2 11.1 14.8 7.7 12.9 14.3 6.5 9.7 10.5 7.5 7.2 11.3 9.0 11.0 9.3 8.6 8.0 10.3 15.2 11.1 13.8 11.9 18.7 13.3 19.2 7.1 11.5 9.4 8.9 10.0 10.8 12.7 12.4 Men Metropolitan areas: Atlanta MSA .................................................... Baltimore PMSA ............................................. Bergen-Passaic PMSA ................................... Boston PMSA ................................................. Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............................. Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ................. Chicago PMSA ............................................... Cincinnati PMSA ............................................. Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ....................... Columbus, Ohio MSA ..................................... Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA ................................ Dayton-Springfield MSA ................................. Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ..................... Detroit PMSA .................................................. Fort Lauderdale PMSA ................................... Hartford MSA .................................................. Houston PMSA ............................................... Indianapolis MSA ............................................ Kansas City MSA ............................................ Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA .................... Louisville MSA ................................................ Memphis MSA ................................................ Miami PMSA ................................................... Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ......................... Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA .............................. Nassau-Suffolk PMSA .................................... New Orleans MSA .......................................... New York PMSA ............................................. Newark PMSA ................................................ Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA .. Oakland PMSA ............................................... Oklahoma City MSA ....................................... Orange County PMSA .................................... Philadelphia PMSA ......................................... Phoenix-Mesa MSA ........................................ Pittsburgh MSA ............................................... Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............................. Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA .............. Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ................... Rochester MSA .............................................. See footnotes at end of table. 128 Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers Manufacturing Population group and area Total employed1 Total2 Construction Total Durable goods Transportation, communicaNontions, durable and goods public utilities Trade Finance, Governinsurance, ment Services3 and real estate Men–Continued Metropolitan areas:–Continued Sacramento-Yolo CMSA ................................ St. Louis MSA4 ............................................... Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............................. San Antonio MSA ........................................... San Diego MSA .............................................. San Francisco PMSA ..................................... San Jose PMSA ............................................. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ...................... Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA ......... Washington D.C. PMSA ................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 70.7 83.6 82.5 75.5 75.1 76.5 86.2 83.7 84.0 72.2 6.8 10.3 10.7 10.1 8.3 7.6 5.4 9.3 12.1 9.0 9.3 19.0 16.4 10.4 15.8 10.2 36.8 24.7 12.9 6.2 6.8 11.7 12.0 6.9 12.4 4.6 33.9 19.2 7.9 3.3 2.8 7.4 4.1 3.5 3.6 5.7 2.9 5.6 5.0 2.9 6.5 8.7 6.8 8.8 4.2 5.9 5.0 6.2 7.2 6.8 20.1 19.3 21.6 21.3 20.1 18.7 14.5 18.6 26.5 16.5 5.0 4.8 6.8 2.7 5.5 6.5 3.3 5.3 3.9 5.7 23.1 21.2 19.7 21.3 21.0 27.4 21.1 19.3 21.1 28.0 19.0 10.0 12.0 16.8 12.7 7.4 5.4 9.9 10.7 20.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 73.1 80.7 89.2 83.1 81.3 70.0 84.6 83.6 80.7 80.7 79.2 76.8 85.8 80.0 75.8 76.6 79.4 8.3 5.5 8.4 11.0 8.1 3.3 11.4 7.1 8.3 5.3 6.0 7.0 16.6 6.7 11.1 5.1 7.5 6.9 19.3 25.3 15.7 26.9 3.3 16.0 14.8 17.0 28.9 8.1 10.2 16.9 13.3 10.7 13.0 9.9 2.8 12.9 20.5 9.9 23.1 (5) 8.8 8.2 9.1 22.8 2.9 3.9 12.4 5.6 6.0 10.4 2.0 4.1 6.3 4.8 5.8 3.8 2.5 7.4 6.6 7.9 6.1 5.1 6.3 4.5 7.8 4.8 2.5 7.5 4.1 7.4 4.8 6.1 9.4 5.8 7.4 3.3 5.8 5.3 8.4 8.1 6.6 11.1 8.3 4.1 6.7 22.1 18.0 26.5 20.1 18.1 14.2 22.6 29.0 21.6 14.9 21.7 17.6 19.9 17.8 21.0 21.8 21.3 6.2 7.1 4.8 8.1 2.5 5.8 3.0 5.5 3.4 5.3 10.6 4.2 5.7 4.4 3.2 7.3 5.9 24.8 23.5 19.3 21.8 16.9 36.7 21.4 24.0 24.5 21.1 24.5 29.6 19.6 26.7 21.4 25.0 28.5 20.7 13.7 9.6 8.7 15.0 24.2 5.6 9.8 6.5 16.7 13.9 16.5 8.8 18.9 17.1 10.8 6.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 78.2 68.4 83.2 81.5 77.0 81.8 82.3 85.1 84.2 74.7 83.2 79.8 75.4 82.7 83.1 85.9 79.2 83.4 78.8 75.8 81.4 78.1 .9 .8 .7 .6 1.5 .6 1.1 1.3 .9 .8 1.4 1.0 1.8 1.2 1.8 1.5 2.0 .6 1.1 .8 1.2 1.5 10.2 4.7 14.4 8.5 9.6 17.6 12.6 14.4 10.4 5.8 11.5 15.9 7.3 11.6 5.5 12.5 6.3 7.7 9.8 14.8 11.1 6.2 5.0 2.5 4.0 5.2 5.6 4.7 5.9 5.9 6.5 4.1 6.4 8.7 4.1 8.8 3.4 10.3 3.4 4.0 4.6 6.9 5.9 2.6 5.3 2.2 10.1 3.3 4.4 12.9 6.7 8.5 3.9 1.6 5.0 6.7 3.2 2.8 2.1 2.3 2.9 3.7 5.2 7.9 5.5 3.6 8.0 2.7 4.0 3.5 3.0 3.5 5.2 4.6 2.7 3.0 6.7 2.4 4.4 3.5 5.2 4.2 5.4 4.0 5.5 4.3 5.5 6.2 19.5 16.5 17.1 17.8 23.7 17.9 18.5 21.3 21.9 22.5 21.4 24.0 18.0 21.7 19.5 14.8 21.6 18.9 18.5 16.1 17.8 17.2 7.9 8.2 9.4 9.2 5.6 9.7 9.4 6.4 8.5 12.4 9.7 4.8 9.6 7.4 11.4 14.8 8.7 11.5 11.2 7.2 10.3 10.6 31.7 35.5 37.6 41.8 33.7 32.1 35.5 36.9 39.8 29.9 32.3 31.7 34.0 37.4 39.7 38.0 32.6 40.4 33.0 32.7 35.6 37.2 16.2 25.7 12.4 12.3 17.4 14.5 13.4 11.5 11.0 19.0 11.1 13.5 16.2 13.3 13.5 9.9 15.4 11.7 16.4 16.2 14.2 17.2 Cities: Baltimore central city ...................................... Chicago central city ........................................ Cleveland central city ..................................... Dallas central city ........................................... Detroit central city ........................................... District of Columbia ........................................ Houston central city ........................................ Indianapolis central city .................................. Los Angeles central city .................................. Milwaukee central city .................................... New York central city ...................................... Philadelphia central city .................................. Phoenix central city ........................................ St. Louis central city ....................................... San Antonio central city .................................. San Diego central city ..................................... San Francisco central city .............................. Women Metropolitan areas: Atlanta MSA .................................................... Baltimore PMSA ............................................. Bergen-Passaic PMSA ................................... Boston PMSA ................................................. Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............................. Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ................. Chicago PMSA ............................................... Cincinnati PMSA ............................................. Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ....................... Columbus, Ohio MSA ..................................... Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA ................................ Dayton-Springfield MSA ................................. Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ..................... Detroit PMSA .................................................. Fort Lauderdale PMSA ................................... Hartford MSA .................................................. Houston PMSA ............................................... Indianapolis MSA ............................................ Kansas City MSA ............................................ Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA .................... Louisville MSA ................................................ Memphis MSA ................................................ See footnotes at end of table. 129 Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers Manufacturing Population group and area Total employed1 Total2 Construction Total Durable goods Transportation, communicaNontions, durable and goods public utilities Trade Finance, Governinsurance, ment Services3 and real estate Women–Continued Metropolitan areas:–Continued Miami PMSA ................................................... Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ......................... Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA .............................. Nassau-Suffolk PMSA .................................... New Orleans MSA .......................................... New York PMSA ............................................. Newark PMSA ................................................ Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA .. Oakland PMSA ............................................... Oklahoma City MSA ....................................... Orange County PMSA .................................... Philadelphia PMSA ......................................... Phoenix-Mesa MSA ........................................ Pittsburgh MSA ............................................... Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............................. Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA .............. Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ................... Rochester MSA .............................................. Sacramento-Yolo CMSA ................................ St. Louis MSA4 ............................................... Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............................. San Antonio MSA ........................................... San Diego MSA .............................................. San Francisco PMSA ..................................... San Jose PMSA ............................................. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ...................... Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA ......... Washington D.C. PMSA ................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 82.6 82.2 78.8 76.6 75.8 77.2 79.0 69.7 70.8 71.3 76.9 83.3 81.4 83.5 77.5 84.6 75.6 79.8 65.9 83.6 75.9 75.7 74.2 77.3 77.5 77.3 80.8 66.6 .5 .8 .4 1.0 1.0 .8 .4 1.7 1.4 .4 1.0 .5 2.6 .8 1.4 .8 2.1 .8 .6 1.6 1.5 2.4 1.1 .9 .3 1.2 1.4 1.5 8.8 14.5 11.4 7.4 4.4 9.6 8.7 7.0 6.7 5.6 13.3 9.6 9.4 6.9 10.4 16.2 7.4 16.7 5.5 8.7 8.6 5.5 11.4 10.9 23.3 11.5 6.6 3.0 3.0 9.0 6.2 3.2 1.7 2.3 3.1 3.8 3.2 3.6 8.2 3.6 6.7 4.2 6.0 9.6 5.4 11.3 4.2 4.4 5.6 2.4 8.1 3.1 20.2 9.0 4.4 1.3 5.6 5.4 5.2 4.2 2.7 7.3 5.6 3.2 3.4 2.0 5.0 6.0 2.6 2.9 4.4 6.9 2.1 5.8 1.4 4.1 3.1 2.7 3.3 7.9 2.8 2.6 2.2 1.6 9.5 3.1 5.1 6.0 3.7 3.6 4.8 4.7 6.3 3.2 3.7 3.4 4.6 3.5 3.7 1.5 3.7 .8 3.9 3.3 5.2 5.5 3.7 3.9 2.3 3.8 4.2 3.8 21.6 20.9 19.4 18.5 25.2 14.0 18.0 18.1 18.5 20.7 18.5 17.5 22.1 25.0 22.0 23.1 21.3 24.1 19.1 22.1 22.5 21.0 20.5 20.1 11.5 20.5 25.8 12.5 10.2 9.8 10.6 9.8 7.4 10.9 10.0 8.7 10.5 7.6 9.8 10.6 10.1 8.8 9.0 8.8 8.3 5.8 8.0 9.0 8.6 7.6 6.0 6.8 3.8 6.9 11.8 8.2 32.3 33.3 31.8 33.9 33.6 38.3 36.9 29.4 27.2 33.5 30.6 41.7 32.6 38.4 30.6 33.8 32.6 31.1 29.1 39.0 29.6 33.7 31.9 34.7 36.6 33.2 31.0 37.8 14.2 14.2 15.5 20.2 19.1 17.9 16.0 24.5 19.4 23.1 14.5 12.0 13.1 10.6 13.9 11.5 18.2 16.7 24.4 11.6 18.2 19.1 17.4 13.3 14.1 14.5 14.6 27.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 68.2 80.9 86.0 82.8 78.2 64.2 83.8 83.7 78.6 73.4 77.5 83.1 83.6 82.7 78.2 76.9 80.4 (5) .5 1.1 .4 (5) .8 2.7 .5 .8 5 ( ) .6 .3 2.4 1.2 3.1 1.0 (5) 3.0 10.7 8.6 14.5 10.3 1.6 6.3 7.1 15.3 8.1 9.5 6.4 9.8 12.3 5.3 12.5 12.9 .8 3.8 4.3 7.6 7.5 (5) 3.6 2.2 5.8 4.0 1.9 2.4 6.3 7.4 2.7 9.2 1.3 2.3 6.9 4.3 6.9 2.9 1.6 2.7 4.3 9.5 4.0 7.5 4.1 3.8 6.2 2.7 3.7 11.6 .8 3.8 3.2 5.0 2.3 4.1 7.4 3.8 3.8 4.8 3.6 4.1 4.9 4.9 4.9 3.1 4.0 19.7 17.1 24.7 21.8 20.7 8.9 19.7 21.7 16.3 16.9 13.9 16.9 22.7 16.0 24.0 20.3 21.4 7.6 8.7 9.7 10.7 7.5 3.3 6.8 11.4 7.5 8.1 11.3 10.2 8.4 11.1 8.4 6.8 6.3 37.1 40.1 38.7 30.2 36.8 43.9 39.2 39.7 34.8 35.5 38.6 45.1 34.6 38.3 32.0 33.6 36.2 26.5 14.8 8.6 11.5 17.8 29.3 10.7 13.6 12.2 22.6 17.9 13.2 12.2 12.3 17.3 18.0 13.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 82.3 72.2 84.2 81.5 8.3 6.4 5.3 4.4 12.9 8.5 17.4 12.4 8.0 5.7 6.6 8.1 4.8 2.8 11.0 4.3 8.9 4.7 7.5 5.1 20.8 17.9 19.2 18.2 6.9 8.0 10.1 8.1 24.4 26.7 24.7 33.1 10.7 20.6 11.2 10.5 Cities: Baltimore central city ...................................... Chicago central city ........................................ Cleveland central city ..................................... Dallas central city ........................................... Detroit central city ........................................... District of Columbia ........................................ Houston central city ........................................ Indianapolis central city .................................. Los Angeles central city .................................. Milwaukee central city .................................... New York central city ...................................... Philadelphia central city .................................. Phoenix central city ........................................ St. Louis central city ....................................... San Antonio central city .................................. San Diego central city ..................................... San Francisco central city .............................. White Metropolitan areas: Atlanta MSA .................................................... Baltimore PMSA ............................................. Bergen-Passaic PMSA ................................... Boston PMSA ................................................. See footnotes at end of table. 130 Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers Manufacturing Population group and area Total employed1 Total2 Construction Total Durable goods Transportation, communicaNontions, durable and goods public utilities Trade Finance, Governinsurance, ment Services3 and real estate White–Continued Metropolitan areas:–Continued Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............................. Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ................. Chicago PMSA ............................................... Cincinnati PMSA ............................................. Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ....................... Columbus, Ohio MSA ..................................... Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA ................................ Dayton-Springfield MSA ................................. Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ..................... Detroit PMSA .................................................. Fort Lauderdale PMSA ................................... Hartford MSA .................................................. Houston PMSA ............................................... Indianapolis MSA ............................................ Kansas City MSA ............................................ Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA .................... Louisville MSA ................................................ Memphis MSA ................................................ Miami PMSA ................................................... Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ......................... Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA .............................. Nassau-Suffolk PMSA .................................... New Orleans MSA .......................................... New York PMSA ............................................. Newark PMSA ................................................ Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA .. Oakland PMSA ............................................... Oklahoma City MSA ....................................... Orange County PMSA .................................... Philadelphia PMSA ......................................... Phoenix-Mesa MSA ........................................ Pittsburgh MSA ............................................... Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............................. Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA .............. Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ................... Rochester MSA .............................................. Sacramento-Yolo CMSA ................................ St. Louis MSA4 ............................................... Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............................. San Antonio MSA ........................................... San Diego MSA .............................................. San Francisco PMSA ..................................... San Jose PMSA ............................................. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ...................... Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA ......... Washington D.C. PMSA ................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 77.3 84.6 85.2 85.6 85.1 77.5 84.9 79.6 76.8 87.7 83.9 85.4 83.4 85.4 81.1 80.3 82.5 80.5 84.8 86.2 81.6 77.9 78.4 78.7 80.9 76.8 74.1 72.7 79.0 82.5 82.8 82.6 79.1 83.3 79.0 82.2 68.5 85.1 78.7 77.0 73.6 76.4 80.6 80.4 82.3 70.9 2.8 5.2 5.5 4.9 5.0 5.0 6.1 5.0 6.6 5.6 6.7 5.3 9.7 4.4 5.3 5.1 7.5 6.7 5.1 5.7 3.5 5.8 5.3 4.0 4.8 6.9 5.5 5.0 4.0 4.0 8.9 4.0 5.6 4.7 7.5 3.6 4.3 6.8 6.5 7.0 5.1 5.0 4.2 6.3 7.5 6.8 16.9 19.2 18.5 21.5 20.2 12.6 16.0 23.3 10.1 23.2 8.6 20.2 14.7 15.7 13.4 19.4 16.7 8.9 8.4 24.2 16.6 9.5 10.3 9.2 13.4 14.6 12.1 9.2 17.6 14.7 13.9 11.5 17.2 21.2 13.6 24.8 6.7 14.7 12.0 8.1 12.3 9.8 26.5 18.0 9.6 4.9 11.1 7.5 10.6 10.9 14.4 8.1 10.8 15.4 5.9 19.5 6.3 16.0 8.2 10.0 7.4 11.0 9.8 4.3 3.6 17.9 10.4 4.8 5.5 3.0 5.8 10.2 7.7 6.5 11.4 7.4 10.3 8.3 12.3 13.1 9.8 17.8 4.9 8.9 8.4 5.4 8.9 4.6 23.3 14.0 6.0 2.7 5.6 11.7 7.9 10.6 5.8 4.5 5.2 8.0 4.2 3.7 2.3 4.1 6.5 5.8 6.1 8.4 7.1 4.3 4.8 6.3 6.1 4.8 4.8 6.1 7.6 4.5 4.4 2.9 6.1 7.3 3.7 3.0 5.0 8.0 3.8 7.3 1.8 5.9 3.7 2.8 3.4 5.2 3.1 4.0 3.6 2.2 5.4 7.9 6.7 6.7 3.9 5.4 9.2 4.2 6.1 4.9 6.9 5.8 6.2 5.1 8.0 5.5 8.1 10.6 13.0 4.6 5.6 8.9 5.3 5.3 7.2 6.1 7.5 5.6 4.1 5.5 5.5 7.5 5.7 3.1 8.4 3.2 5.3 5.6 6.1 7.5 4.2 4.8 4.3 4.5 5.7 4.5 22.9 20.4 19.1 20.2 20.9 21.7 21.4 20.2 18.6 21.9 21.7 17.3 18.8 21.2 20.3 19.4 17.1 19.9 22.2 18.9 21.4 19.2 22.6 19.2 19.4 19.3 17.4 21.4 20.6 18.0 20.3 23.7 20.0 22.2 21.5 21.8 20.2 21.9 21.9 21.6 21.1 18.3 13.6 19.4 26.9 13.7 4.4 7.7 8.4 4.7 6.8 9.0 7.4 3.2 7.5 5.7 9.7 11.5 6.8 8.1 7.1 4.6 6.9 8.9 8.7 7.3 8.3 9.2 4.5 11.4 8.0 7.5 8.2 5.4 7.9 8.6 8.3 6.1 6.1 6.9 5.2 4.3 5.8 6.9 7.6 5.3 5.4 6.4 4.0 6.2 7.5 7.3 24.5 24.0 27.2 27.6 28.0 23.9 24.2 23.9 27.4 26.3 30.3 25.3 23.2 30.9 26.8 26.2 25.5 25.9 27.4 24.9 26.3 25.4 26.6 29.6 28.0 22.4 23.2 24.5 24.6 31.7 25.7 29.4 24.1 25.5 22.8 24.0 26.3 28.8 24.0 27.1 25.3 32.0 28.1 25.8 25.2 33.7 16.5 10.6 9.3 9.2 10.4 16.4 8.5 13.0 14.9 8.2 10.8 10.3 9.8 8.2 12.7 10.2 12.4 10.3 9.7 10.0 12.8 17.2 13.5 13.9 11.8 18.3 14.1 19.8 10.6 10.7 10.7 9.7 11.7 11.2 13.4 13.7 20.9 8.8 15.2 16.5 14.4 8.3 9.7 12.1 12.2 21.1 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 76.2 83.4 90.6 82.4 85.7 69.6 86.6 85.0 7.1 4.3 5.2 8.0 14.3 2.0 10.2 4.6 4.8 17.4 20.8 15.0 10.7 3.9 14.0 12.5 2.4 10.4 14.6 9.4 7.1 (5) 7.9 6.1 2.4 6.9 6.3 5.6 3.6 3.9 6.1 6.4 2.4 4.6 4.2 5.4 12.5 3.9 6.6 3.9 26.2 17.4 29.2 20.9 30.4 8.8 17.7 25.7 8.3 8.4 7.3 9.4 3.6 4.9 5.9 7.1 26.2 31.3 24.0 23.2 16.1 46.1 28.8 31.4 14.3 10.0 6.3 9.2 12.5 22.5 5.5 9.6 Cities: Baltimore central city ...................................... Chicago central city ........................................ Cleveland central city ..................................... Dallas central city ........................................... Detroit central city ........................................... District of Columbia ........................................ Houston central city ........................................ Indianapolis central city .................................. See footnotes at end of table. 131 Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers Manufacturing Population group and area Total employed1 Total2 Construction Total Durable goods Transportation, communicaNontions, durable and goods public utilities Trade Finance, Governinsurance, ment Services3 and real estate White–Continued Cities:–Continued Los Angeles central city .................................. Milwaukee central city .................................... New York central city ...................................... Philadelphia central city .................................. Phoenix central city ........................................ St. Louis central city ....................................... San Antonio central city .................................. San Diego central city ..................................... San Francisco central city .............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 81.6 80.0 79.3 82.0 84.1 89.9 78.7 74.6 80.0 6.1 3.0 3.9 4.4 10.8 7.9 7.9 3.3 4.1 18.5 18.8 9.3 9.6 12.8 14.6 7.9 9.7 9.3 8.7 13.9 3.0 4.1 9.2 6.7 4.9 7.3 2.4 9.7 4.8 6.3 5.5 3.6 6.7 3.0 2.7 6.9 4.9 7.3 5.7 6.4 5.6 6.7 6.7 4.4 5.2 20.3 15.2 19.6 17.7 21.4 22.5 22.9 22.6 18.3 4.1 7.3 11.5 7.6 7.2 6.7 6.0 6.9 6.6 27.8 28.5 29.4 36.6 26.1 32.6 26.9 27.7 36.9 6.8 18.2 13.6 12.8 10.3 7.9 15.7 14.4 6.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 79.6 67.4 80.4 79.8 72.1 84.8 77.1 86.0 79.9 72.5 80.9 79.7 76.7 79.7 83.3 87.9 76.5 76.9 75.8 67.1 83.3 81.6 75.6 69.7 81.7 74.1 75.2 73.7 77.5 64.2 63.2 67.8 96.6 78.8 79.6 85.2 64.5 85.7 64.0 69.8 65.8 74.4 83.3 2.4 3.3 2.2 (5) (5) 4.3 1.8 3.2 2.6 1.0 2.0 1.6 4.7 1.9 5.7 3.4 3.0 (5) 4.4 2.2 (5) 2.4 6.4 (5) 1.7 2.5 4.7 3.2 1.5 2.9 1.6 1.7 (5) 2.7 (5) 1.9 3.2 (5) 5.4 (5) (5) 2.8 (5) 13.1 8.7 17.4 13.5 18.6 21.3 13.8 16.1 14.3 10.8 12.5 21.9 7.0 20.5 6.3 15.5 7.4 7.7 8.8 9.7 14.6 9.4 7.1 17.1 13.3 12.3 9.3 5.3 9.4 10.4 4.8 15.3 13.8 7.2 13.0 14.8 9.7 19.0 5.4 17.0 10.5 6.7 16.7 5.8 4.8 4.3 10.1 9.3 6.7 7.6 8.6 11.7 3.9 6.6 18.8 4.7 17.5 4.6 8.6 2.7 5.1 4.4 5.3 8.3 3.7 2.6 10.5 8.3 6.2 1.4 1.8 4.9 7.5 2.4 11.9 10.3 2.7 7.4 5.6 3.2 14.3 2.7 11.3 10.5 2.2 16.7 7.3 3.9 13.0 3.4 7.0 14.6 6.1 7.5 2.6 6.9 5.9 3.1 2.3 3.0 1.7 5.2 4.8 2.6 4.4 4.3 6.3 5.7 4.5 6.6 6.7 6.2 7.5 3.6 4.9 2.9 2.4 3.4 3.4 4.5 5.6 9.3 6.5 4.8 2.7 5.7 (5) 4.4 (5) 12.6 4.5 6.5 4.5 2.3 7.3 9.8 11.8 7.1 4.9 8.7 6.3 7.0 4.7 9.2 3.4 11.3 3.8 7.7 8.2 10.4 14.7 8.3 1.3 10.0 7.4 6.5 8.0 9.7 2.9 5.6 3.4 13.8 4.8 7.4 5.6 6.5 (5) 7.2 3.8 7.9 7.8 16.7 20.1 17.4 13.0 12.4 7.0 19.5 15.1 17.2 14.9 20.6 18.6 18.8 20.9 17.5 23.6 17.2 23.8 25.6 17.6 11.8 16.7 16.7 22.4 17.1 21.7 16.0 22.9 13.1 16.1 16.2 16.0 16.9 31.0 19.4 22.2 14.8 16.1 14.3 13.5 18.9 7.9 15.6 16.7 6.1 6.3 8.7 7.9 9.3 6.1 7.5 8.6 5.8 8.8 9.4 3.1 9.3 5.5 8.6 10.3 3.9 9.0 8.8 6.0 6.3 6.9 3.8 5.3 8.3 6.2 3.7 8.7 8.6 5.2 4.8 1.7 (5) 7.2 7.4 13.0 16.1 14.3 3.6 3.8 13.2 6.1 (5) 25.3 27.2 30.4 41.6 34.9 26.2 29.1 30.1 34.4 26.5 29.8 29.7 27.9 29.3 29.3 39.7 25.6 30.8 28.6 29.0 33.3 31.4 26.3 27.6 28.3 29.6 27.6 35.3 31.8 27.2 30.4 30.5 34.5 37.6 27.8 35.2 12.9 33.3 29.7 24.5 28.9 35.6 16.7 16.5 29.3 17.4 15.7 27.9 12.2 20.6 10.8 14.9 17.6 15.0 14.1 20.9 16.7 13.8 12.1 17.0 20.5 23.1 26.1 16.7 16.7 18.6 22.4 15.0 24.7 17.8 22.8 20.2 30.6 27.2 30.5 3.4 17.9 20.4 11.1 19.4 9.5 32.4 24.5 31.6 23.3 16.7 Black Metropolitan areas: Atlanta MSA .................................................... Baltimore PMSA ............................................. Bergen-Passaic PMSA ................................... Boston PMSA ................................................. Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............................. Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ................. Chicago PMSA ............................................... Cincinnati PMSA ............................................. Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ....................... Columbus, Ohio MSA ..................................... Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA ................................ Dayton-Springfield MSA ................................. Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ..................... Detroit PMSA .................................................. Fort Lauderdale PMSA ................................... Hartford MSA .................................................. Houston PMSA ............................................... Indianapolis MSA ............................................ Kansas City MSA ............................................ Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA .................... Louisville MSA ................................................ Memphis MSA ................................................ Miami PMSA ................................................... Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ......................... Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA .............................. Nassau-Suffolk PMSA .................................... New Orleans MSA .......................................... New York PMSA ............................................. Newark PMSA ................................................ Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA .. Oakland PMSA ............................................... Oklahoma City MSA ....................................... Orange County PMSA .................................... Philadelphia PMSA ......................................... Phoenix-Mesa MSA ........................................ Pittsburgh MSA ............................................... Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............................. Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA .............. Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ................... Rochester MSA .............................................. Sacramento-Yolo CMSA ................................ St. Louis MSA4 ............................................... Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............................. See footnotes at end of table. 132 Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers Manufacturing Population group and area Total employed1 Total2 Construction Total Durable goods Transportation, communicaNontions, durable and goods public utilities Trade Finance, Governinsurance, ment Services3 and real estate Black–Continued Metropolitan areas:–Continued San Antonio MSA ........................................... San Diego MSA .............................................. San Francisco PMSA ..................................... San Jose PMSA ............................................. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ...................... Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA ......... Washington D.C. PMSA ................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 56.9 80.6 78.8 73.9 81.6 82.5 63.7 2.0 6.5 1.9 (5) 2.0 6.1 2.8 9.8 4.8 (5) 26.1 16.3 13.2 4.2 (5) 4.8 (5) 26.1 14.3 8.8 1.8 9.8 (5) (5) (5) 2.0 4.4 2.5 3.9 8.1 15.4 (5) 14.3 7.0 8.6 15.7 19.4 17.3 8.7 18.4 18.4 15.9 2.0 9.7 1.9 4.3 4.1 10.5 6.0 25.5 32.3 40.4 34.8 26.5 27.2 26.3 33.3 17.7 19.2 26.1 16.3 16.7 34.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 67.9 74.9 82.9 82.6 78.2 64.4 79.8 76.0 69.1 69.4 73.6 76.8 86.7 67.6 55.6 85.7 75.6 3.2 1.4 3.9 2.7 2.2 3.0 3.1 (5) 2.7 (5) 3.5 2.9 (5) (5) 2.8 4.8 2.4 4.8 11.7 11.8 10.1 20.0 1.5 7.2 5.3 8.5 16.7 4.6 4.8 13.3 2.8 13.9 4.8 (5) 1.1 5.7 10.5 4.0 16.7 (5) 3.1 1.3 4.8 11.1 1.3 1.0 6.7 (5) (5) 4.8 (5) 3.2 6.0 2.6 6.0 3.3 .7 3.6 2.7 4.3 5.6 3.3 3.9 3.3 2.8 13.9 (5) (5) 2.7 8.4 3.9 6.7 4.4 5.9 11.2 4.0 8.0 1.4 8.0 6.3 6.7 8.5 2.8 7.1 17.1 18.7 16.1 19.7 19.5 17.1 12.3 24.2 26.7 12.2 18.1 13.3 15.9 23.3 14.1 16.7 19.0 17.1 7.0 6.8 6.6 10.7 5.8 3.7 2.7 9.3 5.9 5.6 9.1 7.7 3.3 9.9 2.8 7.1 2.4 31.6 30.5 35.5 32.2 28.7 37.0 31.8 30.7 31.4 27.8 35.1 39.6 40.0 32.4 16.7 40.5 36.6 28.3 22.9 11.8 13.4 17.8 29.6 13.5 21.3 21.8 23.6 23.1 19.8 13.3 28.2 33.3 14.3 24.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 90.4 71.4 88.2 93.2 90.0 91.7 92.6 89.0 76.4 96.7 89.1 82.7 90.4 94.4 85.9 87.7 91.3 93.5 87.0 93.8 83.9 85.9 81.8 82.1 85.2 30.8 (5) 3.9 2.7 10.0 6.2 7.4 11.4 9.3 8.2 5.5 1.9 18.9 5.6 6.3 5.9 (5) (5) 3.7 9.4 4.4 5.1 (5) 10.7 7.4 11.5 9.5 34.2 12.3 30.0 33.1 29.6 22.9 10.6 21.3 11.7 28.8 18.2 19.4 24.9 9.9 52.2 13.0 28.7 6.3 11.5 21.2 18.2 15.5 14.8 9.6 9.5 11.8 6.8 (5) 19.7 22.2 14.0 4.3 19.7 9.4 21.2 11.0 11.1 12.2 4.9 21.7 6.5 19.4 6.3 3.5 8.1 4.5 11.9 7.4 1.9 (5) 21.1 5.5 30.0 13.5 7.4 8.9 6.2 1.6 2.3 7.7 7.2 5.6 12.7 5.0 30.4 6.5 9.3 (5) 8.0 13.1 13.6 3.6 3.7 7.7 (5) 9.2 2.7 20.0 3.6 3.7 5.9 6.2 3.3 10.9 3.8 6.3 8.3 5.7 14.3 (5) 2.2 8.3 9.4 5.2 9.1 (5) 8.3 (5) 17.3 14.3 17.1 32.9 10.0 23.7 25.9 24.3 21.7 39.3 18.8 23.1 21.7 41.7 23.3 23.0 13.0 39.1 20.4 37.5 28.0 23.2 22.7 26.2 33.3 5.8 4.8 5.3 4.1 (5) 4.7 3.7 5.3 5.6 4.9 9.4 5.8 4.4 2.8 3.4 8.7 4.3 8.7 6.5 9.4 8.5 5.1 (5) 2.4 (5) 19.2 42.9 19.7 39.7 20.0 20.3 22.2 19.0 22.4 18.0 32.8 21.2 18.6 19.4 22.3 26.1 21.7 30.4 18.5 21.9 26.2 21.2 45.5 17.9 29.6 5.8 28.6 10.5 4.1 10.0 5.6 7.4 6.2 18.6 3.3 6.3 13.5 5.6 2.8 8.3 7.0 (5) 4.3 12.0 3.1 11.7 11.1 13.6 9.5 11.1 Cities: Baltimore central city ...................................... Chicago central city ........................................ Cleveland central city ..................................... Dallas central city ........................................... Detroit central city ........................................... District of Columbia ........................................ Houston central city ........................................ Indianapolis central city .................................. Los Angeles central city .................................. Milwaukee central city .................................... New York central city ...................................... Philadelphia central city .................................. Phoenix central city ........................................ St. Louis central city ....................................... San Antonio central city .................................. San Diego central city ..................................... San Francisco central city .............................. Hispanic origin Metropolitan areas: Atlanta MSA .................................................... Baltimore PMSA ............................................. Bergen-Passaic PMSA ................................... Boston PMSA ................................................. Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ................. Chicago PMSA ............................................... Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ....................... Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA ................................ Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ..................... Detroit PMSA .................................................. Fort Lauderdale PMSA ................................... Hartford MSA .................................................. Houston PMSA ............................................... Kansas City MSA ............................................ Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA .................... Miami PMSA ................................................... Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ......................... Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA .............................. Nassau-Suffolk PMSA .................................... New Orleans MSA .......................................... New York PMSA ............................................. Newark PMSA ................................................ Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA .. Oakland PMSA ............................................... Oklahoma City MSA ....................................... See footnotes at end of table. 133 Table 26. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Percent distribution of employed persons in nonagricultural industries by sex, race, and Hispanic origin, 1998 annual averages — Continued Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers Manufacturing Population group and area Total employed1 Total2 Construction Total Durable goods Transportation, communicaNontions, durable and goods public utilities Trade Finance, Governinsurance, ment Services3 and real estate Hispanic origin–Continued Metropolitan areas:–Continued Orange County PMSA .................................... Philadelphia PMSA ......................................... Phoenix-Mesa MSA ........................................ Pittsburgh MSA ............................................... Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............................. Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA .............. Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ................... Rochester MSA .............................................. Sacramento-Yolo CMSA ................................ Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............................. San Antonio MSA ........................................... San Diego MSA .............................................. San Francisco PMSA ..................................... San Jose PMSA ............................................. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ...................... Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA ......... Washington D.C. PMSA ................................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 87.9 88.6 88.2 80.0 91.1 93.1 79.9 75.0 74.2 87.2 77.1 74.2 88.0 86.1 86.4 90.7 84.5 6.6 10.0 15.5 (5) 8.9 (5) 6.7 8.3 2.2 14.9 7.6 4.7 7.5 7.0 13.6 10.2 17.4 26.6 20.0 16.6 (5) 26.7 41.4 19.1 41.7 8.6 17.0 8.2 12.7 18.8 26.2 9.1 13.0 2.5 16.4 11.4 10.7 (5) 20.0 31.0 14.6 16.7 3.2 12.8 4.5 8.1 9.0 21.4 4.5 7.4 .6 10.2 10.0 6.3 (5) 4.4 13.8 4.5 16.7 5.4 4.3 3.7 4.2 9.8 4.8 4.5 5.6 1.9 3.3 4.3 5.2 10.0 2.2 (5) 7.6 8.3 6.5 6.4 6.8 4.2 7.5 2.7 4.5 6.5 3.7 22.6 30.0 22.1 20.0 22.2 13.8 21.3 16.7 25.8 23.4 23.2 27.5 25.6 21.4 36.4 38.0 26.7 4.3 (5) 5.2 10.0 (5) 6.9 2.9 (5) 2.2 6.4 5.6 5.9 4.5 3.2 4.5 3.7 6.8 24.6 22.9 23.6 30.0 28.9 27.6 22.9 8.3 28.0 19.1 25.1 19.5 24.8 25.7 20.5 20.4 28.0 6.9 8.6 7.0 10.0 6.7 (5) 13.1 8.3 23.7 6.4 17.5 14.8 7.5 9.6 9.1 6.5 11.8 Cities: Chicago central city ........................................ Cleveland central city ..................................... Dallas central city ........................................... Detroit central city ........................................... District of Columbia ........................................ Houston central city ........................................ Los Angeles central city .................................. Milwaukee central city .................................... New York central city ...................................... Philadelphia central city .................................. Phoenix central city ........................................ San Antonio central city .................................. San Diego central city ..................................... San Francisco central city .............................. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 91.1 100.0 91.7 100.0 81.3 93.6 87.8 100.0 83.9 85.7 88.9 78.9 71.5 88.7 5.9 8.3 14.6 36.4 6.3 18.5 8.9 (5) 4.3 19.0 16.4 7.9 4.1 5.6 33.5 25.0 22.9 9.1 (5) 15.9 25.5 61.5 11.7 14.3 16.4 8.2 8.9 12.7 18.6 16.7 13.4 9.1 (5) 10.7 10.5 38.5 3.5 9.5 11.1 4.7 4.9 5.6 14.4 8.3 8.9 (5) (5) 5.2 14.9 23.1 8.3 9.5 5.3 3.6 3.3 8.5 3.0 (5) 4.5 (5) 6.3 7.7 5.1 (5) 5.4 4.8 4.1 7.2 4.9 12.7 24.2 50.0 27.4 36.4 25.0 21.5 24.1 7.7 28.3 19.0 22.2 25.1 26.0 23.9 4.7 8.3 7.0 (5) 6.3 6.0 3.2 (5) 8.5 (5) 4.7 5.7 7.3 4.2 19.9 16.7 15.9 9.1 27.5 21.0 21.0 30.8 25.6 23.8 25.1 24.7 20.3 29.6 5.9 (5) 5.7 (5) 12.5 2.6 5.8 (5) 12.1 9.5 5.8 16.8 15.4 8.5 1 2 3 4 Includes self-employed and unpaid family workers and mining. Includes mining. Excludes private household workers. Data do not reflect the official U.S. Office of Management and Budget definition. See appendix C. 5 Less than 500 persons employed or less than 0.05 percent of total employed. NOTE: Data for demographic groups are not shown when they do not meet BLS publication standards of reliability for the particular area based on the sample in that area. See appendix B. Detail may not add to totals because of rounding. 134 Table 27. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Unemployment rates for nonagricultural workers by industry1, 1998 annual averages Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers Manufacturing Area Total2 Total3 Construction Total Durable goods 2.1 5.7 3.1 2.6 1.9 2.8 3.5 3.1 2.6 1.9 3.2 5.5 3.2 3.7 5.1 1.4 3.0 .2 4.6 6.8 4.2 (5) 4.5 1.5 1.9 2.1 3.5 7.7 3.0 1.7 2.9 2.6 3.3 3.0 2.3 3.1 4.3 5.5 6.7 3.7 10.4 4.2 2.9 5.5 4.8 3.0 3.7 2.1 5.0 3.5 1.3 5.4 (5) 2.0 1.6 (5) 2.7 2.7 2.6 .9 3.0 4.4 2.8 3.6 4.2 (5) 2.5 (5) (5) 5.7 (5) (5) 3.2 1.1 2.0 (5) (5) 7.9 2.3 2.5 3.8 2.4 3.3 3.2 2.3 3.8 3.7 5.1 5.2 3.1 (5) 4.7 3.0 (5) 4.6 (5) 3.6 2.0 6.2 (5) Transportation, communicaNontions, durable and goods public utilities Trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services4 3.4 6.6 3.9 4.4 3.5 3.9 6.0 4.2 2.9 5.5 5.9 5.4 4.6 4.3 6.4 1.8 5.4 6.3 3.7 7.6 7.1 5.0 7.9 6.2 3.1 3.4 5.3 8.9 6.8 7.1 4.5 6.1 5.1 6.2 4.5 4.1 5.0 5.5 9.2 6.0 7.9 5.7 5.0 7.5 6.8 4.3 4.4 4.8 4.3 6.4 2.2 5.2 2.1 1.4 (5) (5) 2.3 (5) 1.4 2.0 3.2 (5) 2.5 1.8 3.7 (5) 1.3 (5) 2.3 3.5 (5) (5) 3.0 (5) .5 1.7 (5) 3.9 3.3 (5) 4.8 (5) 3.7 2.5 2.2 2.7 4.1 1.0 1.9 (5) 3.3 1.4 1.5 (5) .4 (5) (5) (5) 1.5 2.9 3.3 6.2 4.3 2.8 3.6 4.5 4.3 3.3 2.7 4.0 4.2 4.4 3.3 3.5 3.2 1.7 5.6 2.0 3.9 6.2 3.1 4.5 6.0 3.7 2.0 3.3 4.5 7.1 4.0 7.5 5.3 4.9 2.9 4.9 3.8 4.2 4.9 5.1 7.6 3.7 4.5 4.9 3.9 5.5 6.0 3.2 4.1 3.0 5.3 3.0 Government Metropolitan areas: Atlanta MSA .................................................... Baltimore PMSA ............................................. Bergen-Passaic PMSA ................................... Boston PMSA ................................................. Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ............................. Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ................. Chicago PMSA ............................................... Cincinnati PMSA ............................................. Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ....................... Columbus, Ohio MSA ..................................... Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA ................................ Dayton-Springfield MSA ................................. Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ..................... Detroit PMSA .................................................. Fort Lauderdale PMSA ................................... Hartford MSA .................................................. Houston PMSA ............................................... Indianapolis MSA ............................................ Kansas City MSA ............................................ Los Angeles-Long Beach PMSA .................... Louisville MSA ................................................ Memphis MSA ................................................ Miami PMSA ................................................... Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ......................... Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA .............................. Nassau-Suffolk PMSA .................................... New Orleans MSA .......................................... New York PMSA ............................................. Newark PMSA ................................................ Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News MSA .. Oakland PMSA ............................................... Oklahoma City MSA ....................................... Orange County PMSA .................................... Philadelphia PMSA ......................................... Phoenix-Mesa MSA ........................................ Pittsburgh MSA ............................................... Portland-Vancouver PMSA ............................. Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA .............. Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ................... Rochester MSA .............................................. Sacramento-Yolo CMSA ................................ St. Louis MSA6 ............................................... Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ............................. San Antonio MSA ........................................... San Diego MSA .............................................. San Francisco PMSA ..................................... San Jose PMSA ............................................. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA ...................... Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater MSA ......... Washington D.C. PMSA ................................. 2.8 5.1 3.5 2.9 3.2 3.3 4.2 3.4 2.6 3.4 3.8 4.9 3.0 3.5 4.0 2.3 3.9 3.1 3.1 5.7 3.6 3.7 5.7 3.1 1.9 2.5 4.0 6.7 4.2 4.1 4.0 3.6 3.4 4.3 3.2 3.8 4.6 4.7 6.6 4.3 5.2 4.3 3.7 5.0 5.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 4.4 3.2 2.9 6.1 3.7 3.1 3.3 3.7 4.6 3.7 3.0 3.9 4.2 5.1 3.4 3.7 4.4 2.5 4.4 3.4 3.5 6.4 4.1 4.2 6.3 3.6 2.2 2.8 4.9 7.3 4.5 5.2 4.9 4.6 3.8 4.8 3.4 4.1 5.1 5.3 7.5 4.4 6.5 4.8 3.9 6.0 6.1 3.6 3.9 3.6 4.8 3.8 4.3 7.1 (5) 5.7 (5) (5) 7.2 (5) (5) (5) 1.8 (5) 2.2 5.1 4.4 (5) 5.6 (5) (5) 7.8 (5) (5) 8.5 (5) (5) 4.2 (5) 12.3 7.4 (5) (5) (5) (5) 7.9 3.4 (5) 7.0 10.1 9.3 (5) (5) 7.8 5.4 5.0 12.6 (5) (5) (5) 6.9 3.1 See footnotes at end of table. 135 3.2 (5) 4.1 3.7 (5) 2.1 4.5 3.5 (5) (5) 3.5 (5) 3.8 4.0 (5) (5) 3.6 (5) (5) 8.1 (5) (5) 5.4 (5) (5) (5) (5) 7.6 3.6 (5) (5) (5) 3.5 2.9 2.2 (5) 5.8 6.1 10.2 (5) (5) 3.6 2.4 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 1.5 4.6 (5) 2.2 (5) (5) 5.1 (5) (5) (5) 4.1 (5) 3.8 3.1 3.1 (5) 2.6 (5) 1.9 3.7 (5) 1.6 6.0 (5) (5) 1.2 (5) 5.6 2.9 (5) 3.1 (5) (5) 4.9 1.4 3.2 7.6 6.5 6.3 (5) (5) 3.2 3.3 5.7 (5) (5) (5) (5) 5.4 2.7 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.5 3.3 .9 1.5 1.5 .5 1.6 2.1 4.5 1.8 1.6 1.6 (5) .8 (5) 1.1 2.5 .9 1.7 2.9 .6 .5 1.1 .4 4.4 3.0 .8 1.1 .9 2.1 2.5 2.0 2.3 3.2 1.3 3.2 3.7 2.6 1.5 3.0 1.9 2.3 2.5 .4 2.9 3.0 1.7 Table 27. Selected metropolitan areas and cities: Unemployment rates for nonagricultural workers by industry1, 1998 annual averages — Continued Private nonagricultural wage and salary workers Manufacturing Area Total2 Total3 Construction Total Durable goods (5) 7.3 6.0 4.1 6.4 4.5 4.3 (5) 8.5 4.3 8.0 8.4 4.2 (5) 5.2 3.5 (5) (5) 5.7 (5) (5) 4.9 (5) 3.2 (5) 6.1 2.5 7.7 (5) 4.3 (5) (5) 4.6 (5) Transportation, communicaNontions, durable and goods public utilities Trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services4 13.8 9.9 4.0 6.5 9.9 15.5 7.9 6.1 7.8 15.1 9.4 11.3 5.4 11.1 7.7 5.6 5.5 6.2 3.4 (5) (5) (5) 11.8 3.4 (5) 3.5 (5) 4.4 2.1 4.4 (5) (5) (5) (5) 12.0 6.3 5.6 4.7 9.2 6.2 6.5 2.5 7.0 7.7 7.8 7.7 4.1 5.7 4.9 6.0 4.3 Government Cities: Baltimore central city ...................................... Chicago central city ........................................ Cleveland central city ..................................... Dallas central city ........................................... Detroit central city ........................................... District of Columbia ........................................ Houston central city ........................................ Indianapolis central city .................................. Los Angeles central city .................................. Milwaukee central city .................................... New York central city ...................................... Philadelphia central city .................................. Phoenix central city ........................................ St. Louis central city ....................................... San Antonio central city .................................. San Diego central city ..................................... San Francisco central city .............................. 1 2 3 4 5 11.4 6.5 5.8 3.9 7.1 8.2 5.7 3.9 6.7 6.4 7.2 7.3 4.1 8.1 5.4 4.4 3.6 13.7 7.4 6.6 4.5 8.3 9.3 6.1 4.3 7.2 8.1 7.8 8.1 4.3 9.1 6.4 5.1 4.0 (5) 11.0 (5) (5) (5) 23.5 7.0 (5) 7.4 (5) 13.6 (5) 4.5 (5) (5) (5) (5) Excludes persons with no previous work experience. Includes self-employed and unpaid family workers and mining. Includes mining. Excludes private household workers. Data are not shown when the labor force base does not meet BLS (5) 9.2 (5) (5) (5) 4.6 5.7 (5) 10.6 (5) 8.1 9.3 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 9.0 (5) (5) (5) 9.5 3.4 (5) 4.3 (5) 5.2 8.7 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 6.2 1.8 (5) 1.1 1.3 5.6 2.1 (5) 4.1 .6 4.6 4.4 2.4 3.9 2.0 2.4 (5) publication standards of reliability for the particular area, based on the sample in that area. See appendix B. 6 Data do not reflect the official U.S. Office of Management and Budget definition. See appendix C. 136 Appendix A. Concepts and Definitions for Data Derived from the Current Population Survey T ables showing labor force status include provisional estimates of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years and over as well as data on the civilian labor force, labor force participation rates, and unemployment rates. Population estimates are revised by the Bureau of the Census each year, and the revised estimates are incorporated into the CPS labor force levels. This adjustment affects the estimates of labor force, employment, and unemployment but does not affect percentages such as unemployment rates, participation rates, or employment-population ratios. Thus, levels contained in this publication may not be comparable to levels published in earlier (or subsequent) Geographic Profiles. The concepts and definitions underlying labor force data in use as of January 1994 are as follows: as unemployed had been looking for work. For persons on layoff, duration of unemployment represents the number of full weeks they had been on layoff. Reason for unemployment. Unemployment is also categorized according to the status of individuals at the time they began to look for work. The reasons for unemployment are divided into five major groups: (1) Job losers, comprised of (a) persons on temporary layoff, who have been given a date to return to work or who expect to return within 6 months (persons on layoff need not be looking for work to qualify as unemployed), and (b) permanent job losers, whose employment ended involuntarily and who began looking for work; (2) Job leavers, persons who quit or otherwise terminated their employment voluntarily and immediately began looking for work; (3) Persons who completed temporary jobs (included along with job losers in this publication), who began looking for work after the jobs ended; (4) Reentrants, persons who previously worked but were out of the labor force prior to beginning their job search; and (5) New entrants, persons who never worked. Civilian noninstitutional population. Included are persons 16 years of age and older residing in the 50 States and the District of Columbia who are not inmates of institutions (e.g., penal and mental facilities, homes for the aged) and who are not on active duty in the Armed Forces. Employed persons. All persons who, during the reference week, (a) did any work at all (at least 1 hour) as paid employees, worked in their own business or profession or on their own farm, or worked 15 hours or more as unpaid workers in an enterprise operated by a member of the family, and (b) were not working but had jobs or businesses from which they were temporarily absent because of vacation, illness, bad weather, child-care problems, maternity or paternity leave, labor-management dispute, job training, or other family or personal reasons, whether or not they were paid for the time off or were seeking other jobs. Labor force. This group comprises all persons classified as employed or unemployed in accordance with the criteria described above. Unemployment rate. The unemployment rate represents the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. Participation rate. This represents the proportion of the population that is in the labor force. Employment-population ratio. This represents the proportion of the population that is employed. Unemployed persons. All persons who had no employment during the reference week, were available for work, except for temporary illness, and had made specific efforts to find employment some time during the 4 week period ending with the reference week. Persons who were waiting to be recalled to a job from which they had been laid off need not have been looking for work to be classified as unemployed. Occupation and industry. This information for the employed applies to the job held in the reference week. Persons with two or more jobs are classified in the job at which they worked the greatest number of hours. The unemployed are classified according to their last job. The occupational and industrial classification of CPS data is based on the coding systems used in the 1990 census. Duration of unemployment. This represents the length of time (through the current reference week) that persons classified 137 Hours of work. These statistics relate to the actual number of hours worked during the reference week. For example, persons who normally work 40 hours a week but were off on the Columbus Day holiday would be reported as working 32 hours, even though they were paid for the holiday. For persons working in more than one job, the figures relate to the number of hours worked in all jobs during the week; all the hours are credited to the major job. therefore classified in the zero-hours-worked category, “with a job but not at work.” These are persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week for such reasons as bad weather, child-care problems, maternity or paternity leave, vacation, illness, or involvement in a labor dispute. In order to differentiate a person’s normal schedule from their activity during the reference week, persons are also classified according to their usual full- or part-time status. In this context, full-time workers are those who usually worked 35 hours or more (at all jobs combined). This group will include some individuals who worked less than 35 hours in the reference week for either economic or noneconomic reasons and those who are temporarily absent from work. Similarly, part-time workers are those who usually work less than 35 hours per week (at all jobs), regardless of the number of hours worked in the reference week. This may include some individuals who actually worked more than 34 hours in the reference week, as well as those who are temporarily absent from work. At work part time for economic reasons. Sometimes referred to as involuntary part time, this category refers to individuals who gave an economic reason for working 1 to 34 hours during the reference week. Economic reasons include slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, and seasonal declines in demand. Those who usually work part time must also indicate that they want and are available to work full time to be classified as on part time for economic reasons. At work part time for noneconomic reasons. This group includes those persons who usually work part time and were at work 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for a noneconomic reason. Noneconomic reasons include, for example: Illness or other medical limitations, child-care problems or other family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and being in a job where full-time work is less than 35 hours. The group also includes those who gave an economic reason for usually working 1 to 34 hours but said they do not want to work full time or were unavailable for such work. White, black, and other. These are terms used to describe the race of persons. Included in the “other” group are American Indians, Alaskan Natives, and Asians and Pacific Islanders. Because of the relatively small sample size in most areas, data for “other” races are not published. In the enumeration process, race is determined by the household respondent. Hispanic origin. This refers to persons who identified themselves in the survey enumeration process as Mexican, Puerto Rican, Cuban, Central or South American, or of other Hispanic origin or descent. Persons of Hispanic origin may be of any race; thus, they are included in both the white and black population groups. Usual full- or part-time status. Data on persons “at work” exclude persons who were temporarily absent from a job and 138 Appendix B. Sampling and Estimation Procedures and Sampling Error Tables T he estimates presented in this bulletin are based on annual averages of monthly data obtained from the CPS, a sample survey of the civilian noninstitutional population. The survey is conducted each month by the Bureau of the Census for BLS, and provides comprehensive data on the labor force, employed, and unemployed, including such characteristics as age, sex, race, Hispanic origin, occupation, and industry. The survey also provides data on the characteristics of those not in the labor force. Each month, trained interviewers collect information from a scientifically-selected sample (about 50,000 occupied housing units), designed to represent the civilian noninstitutional population. Selected respondents are interviewed to obtain information about the employment status of each household member 16 years of age and over. The “reference week” is the calendar week (Sunday through Saturday) which includes the 12th of the month. Actual field interviewing is conducted during the following week, which is known as the “survey” week. Within each of the selected PSUs, the number of households to be enumerated each month is determined in two steps. First, a sample of census enumeration districts (EDs) is selected using the population size probability selection procedure. EDs are administrative units and contain, on average, about 300 households. Second, clusters of approximately four addresses (contiguous wherever possible) are selected to be enumerated within each designated ED. Part of the sample is changed, or rotated, each month. A given rotation group is in the sample for 4 consecutive months, leaves the sample during the following 8 months, and then returns for another 4 consecutive months. A primary reason for rotating the sample is to minimize the lack of cooperation which may result from interviewing a constant panel indefinitely. The rotation plan provides for three-fourths of the sample to be identical from one month to the next and one-half to be identical with the same month a year earlier. Estimating methods Under the estimating methods used in the CPS, all of the results for a given month become available simultaneously and are based on returns from the entire sample of respondents. The estimation procedure involves weighting the data from each sample person by the inverse of the probability of the person being in the sample. This gives a rough measure of the number of actual persons that each sample person represents. Through a series of estimation steps (outlined below), the selection probabilities are adjusted for noninterviews and survey undercoverage; data from previous months are incorporated into the estimates through the composite estimation procedure. Sampling procedures The 1998 sample encompasses 754 sample areas, with coverage in every State and the District of Columbia. It is based to a large extent on information about the distribution of the population as reported in the 1990 decennial census. (A redesigned 1990 census-based sample was phased in during the April 1994 through July 1995 period.) These areas were selected by dividing the entire area of the United States into 2,007 primary sampling units (PSUs). With some minor exceptions, a PSU consists of a county or number of contiguous counties. Most metropolitan areas constitute separate PSUs. To improve the efficiency of the sample, the 2,007 PSUs are grouped into strata within each State. Then, one PSU is selected from each stratum, with the probability of selection proportionate to the relative population size of the PSU. PSUs in strata by themselves are called “self-representing” and are generally the most populous in each State. Other strata are formed by combining PSUs that are similar in such characteristics as population growth, proportion of blacks and Hispanics, occupation/industry, and age/sex distribution. PSUs selected from these strata are “non-self-representing,” since each one chosen represents the entire stratum. 1. Noninterview adjustment. The weights for all interviewed households are adjusted to the extent needed to account for occupied sample households for which no information was obtained because of absence, impassable roads, refusals, or unavailability of the respondents for other reasons. This noninterview adjustment is made separately for clusters of similar sample areas that are usually, but not necessarily, contained within a State. Similarity of sample areas is based on metropolitan area status and size. Within each cluster, there is a further breakdown by residence. The proportion of sample 139 households not interviewed varies from 6 to 7 percent, depending upon a number of factors, including weather and vacations. tion Survey, are added to the population projections. Prior to January 1994, the projections were based on earlier censuses, and there was no correction for census undercount. 2. Ratio estimates. The distribution of the population selected for the sample may differ somewhat, by chance, from that of the population as a whole in such characteristics as: age, race, sex, and State of residence. Because these characteristics are closely correlated with labor force participation and other principal measurements made from the sample, the survey estimates can be substantially improved when weighted appropriately by the known distribution of these population characteristics. This is accomplished through two stages of ratio adjustment, as follows: 3. Composite estimation procedure. The last step in the preparation of most CPS estimates makes use of a composite estimation procedure. The composite estimate consists of a weighted average of two factors: (1) the second-stage ratio estimate based on the entire sample from the current month and (2) the composite estimate for the previous month, plus an estimate of the month-to-month change based on the six rotation groups common to both months. In addition, a bias adjustment term is added to the weighted average to account for relative bias associated with month-in-sample estimates. The compositing procedure results in a reduction in sampling error beyond that which is achieved after the two stages of ratio adjustment. a. First-stage ratio estimation. The purpose of the firststage ratio adjustment is to reduce the contribution to variance that results from selecting a sample of PSUs rather than drawing sample households from every PSU in the Nation. This adjustment is made to the CPS weights in two race cells: Black and nonblack; it is applied only to PSUs that are nonself-representing and for those States that have a substantial number of black households. The procedure corrects for differences that existed in each State cell at the time of the 1990 census between the race distribution of the population in sample PSUs and the race distribution of all non-self-representing PSUs. Reliability of the estimates The estimates in this bulletin are based upon a sample of the population rather than a complete count. Therefore, they may differ from the figures that would have been obtained if it had been possible to take a complete census using the same schedules and procedures as are used in the CPS. There are two types of errors in an estimate based on a sample survey— sampling and nonsampling. The sampling error tables provided later in this appendix indicate the magnitude of the sampling error. They also partially measure the effect of some nonsampling errors in response and enumeration, but do not measure any systematic biases in the data. b. Second-stage ratio estimation. This procedure substantially reduces the variability of estimates and corrects, to some extent, for CPS undercoverage. The CPS sample weights are adjusted to ensure that sample-based estimates of population match independent population controls. Three sets of controls are used: Sampling variability. The standard error is primarily a measure of sampling variability, that is, the variation that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed. The sample estimate and its standard error enable one to construct confidence intervals, that is, ranges that would include the average result of all possible samples with a known probability. For example, if all possible samples were selected, each of these samples were surveyed under essentially the same conditions using the same sample design, and an estimate and its estimated standard error were calculated from each sample, then the following would occur: 1. Approximately 68 percent of the intervals from one standard error below the estimate to one standard error above the estimate would include the average result of all possible samples. 2. Approximately 90 percent of the intervals from 1.6 standard errors below the estimate to 1.6 standard errors above the estimate would include the average result of all possible samples. 3. Approximately 95 percent of the intervals from two standard errors below the esti- 1) 51 State controls of the civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older, 2) National civilian noninstitutional population controls for 14 Hispanic and 5 non-Hispanic age-sex categories, and 3) National civilian noninstitutional population controls for 66 white, 42 black, and 10 “other” age-sex categories. The independent population controls are prepared by projecting forward the resident population as enumerated on April 1, 1990. The projections are derived by updating demographic census data with information from a variety of other data sources that account for births, deaths, and net migration. Subtracting estimated numbers of resident Armed Forces personnel and institutionalized persons reduces the resident population to the civilian noninstitutional population. Estimates of net census undercount, determined from the Post Enumera- 140 mate to two standard errors above the estimate would include the average result of all possible samples. of the sampling error rather than the precise amount of the possible error in an estimate. Illustrations on the use of these tables are provided below. In all cases, the computations present the estimated levels in thousands of persons. The error of a sample estimate varies inversely with the size of the sample and directly with the size of the estimate. Hence, an estimate for a subgroup constituting a small proportion of a population will tend to have a larger error relative to its size than an estimate for a larger subgroup. Sampling error of an estimated number. Table B-5 shows that an estimate of 50,000 unemployed persons in Maryland will have an absolute sampling error of 10,000, or a relative sampling error of 20 percent (10,000/50,000). In comparison, an estimate of 100,000 unemployed persons in Maryland has an absolute sampling error of 14,000, yielding a relative sampling error of 14 percent (14,000/100,000). A statement that unemployment in Maryland is between 40,000 and 60,000 in the first instance, and between 86,000 and 114,000 in the second, can be made with approximately 90-percent confidence. This can be interpreted as follows: If one were to draw all possible samples and make an estimate from each sample (using the same methods and techniques) and construct an interval around each estimate (using the sampling errors shown in the tables), then 90 percent of these intervals would contain the average value of all possible samples. To convert a sampling error from 90-percent confidence, as displayed in the tables, to 68-percent confidence (one standard error), multiply the sampling error shown in the tables by 0.63. To convert the sampling error from 90- to 95-percent confidence (approximately two standard errors) multiply the sampling error by 1.23. For the example given above, the sampling error at 90-percent confidence was 10,000. At 68-percent confidence, the error would be about 6,300 (10,000 x 0.63). At 95-percent confidence, the error would be about 12,300 (10,000 x 1.23). Reliability standards The CPS sample design takes into consideration both national and State reliability. For the State data, a minimum reliability standard is set: An expected maximum coefficient of variation (CV) on the level of total unemployment of 8 percent annually. This is calculated based on a 6-percent unemployment rate. Because each State’s design must meet the reliability standard, the CPS sampling rate differs by State. (The sampling rate is the proportion of all households that are selected for the sample.) Generally, the smaller the State population, the higher the sampling rate. The average State sampling rates range roughly from 1 in every 200 households to 1 in every 2,500 households in each stratum within the State. Publication standards for State and area CPS data To achieve comparability of the data for regions, divisions, States, metropolitan areas, and cities for publication purposes, a unique requirement for minimum labor force, employment, or unemployment was developed for each area. This requirement is based on the known differences in sampling rates among these areas. Before estimates are published for a specific category (e.g., Hispanic unemployment in a particular State), a predetermined “critical cell” must meet a 50-percent CV requirement. As a result of this requirement, minimum bases for publication have been developed for each area. Table B-1 lists the minimum necessary base for publication of data in each of the regions, divisions, States, the District of Columbia, metropolitan areas, and cities appearing in this bulletin. Estimates are not shown when they do not meet the minimum base for the State or area listed in table B-1. In tables showing the labor force status of the population, the critical cell is the size of the labor force of the particular population group. In all other tables, the determining factor or critical cell is the size of the base of the distribution, for example, the size of total employment or unemployment for that area or population subgroup. Data are not published for any cell with a level of fewer than 500 persons or less than 0.05 percent of the total for a given characteristic. Sampling error of a difference. To compute the error of a difference from the tables, an additional step is required. If, for instance, one wishes to know whether a change in the unemployment rate from one year to the next in a particular area for a particular population group is statistically significant, or whether the difference in the unemployment rate between two areas or population groups is statistically meaningful, the significance of the difference needs to be computed. (Differences between estimates for 2 consecutive years may be influenced to some extent by the redesign of the CPS concepts, questionnaire, and collection procedures, such as that which occurred in 1994.) As noted above, differences can take two general forms: (1) differences between population groups and/or geographic areas; or (2) differences for the same population group and geographic area over time. Either type of difference can be calculated using the following formula, and noting the limiting covariance assumption discussed below. Using the sampling error tables Tables B-2 through B-5 provide sampling errors for use in constructing 90-percent confidence intervals (approximately 1.6 standard errors) for major labor force characteristics. They are approximations and thus indicate the order of magnitude SEd = (( SE12 + SE22 ) - 2C x ( SE1 x SE2 ))1/2 where: 141 SEd SE1 SE2 C = the sampling error of the difference. = the sampling error of one group or year. = the sampling error of another group or year. = the covariance (or relationship) term. term of zero can be assured. Thus, the error of the difference is approximately 29,000. Since the actual difference (50,000) is greater than the error of the difference, it can be stated, with 90-percent confidence, that the difference in the unemployment level is attributable to factors other than sampling variability alone. The SE1 and SE2 can be found in the appropriate table of Geographic Profile for each year if the comparison is between different years, because the size of the samples and, consequently, sampling errors may differ from year to year. Values for the covariance or “C” term (for employment and unemployment) for differences between consecutive years are as follows. For labor force or employment levels, C = 0.58; for unemployment levels or rates, C = 0.37. It is important to note that these “C” terms are usable only for calculating the sampling error of a difference for over-the-year change for the same geographic area and population group. Covariance terms for the relationship between different population groups or geographic areas in this bulletin are not available. When calculating sampling errors for differences between two different population groups or geographic areas, a “C” term of zero must be assumed. The effect of this assumption is: (1) if the relationship between two groups, areas, or years (differences for nonconsecutive years) is small, the “C” term can legitimately be ignored and the sampling errors won’t be adversely affected, or (2) if there is a strong positive relationship between the two groups, areas, or years (differences for consecutive years), then the error computed without a “C” term will be overstated. This could lead one to erroneously state that a difference or change was not statistically significant when, in fact, it was. When there is a strong relationship over time for a labor force characteristic such as employment (i.e., people tend to remain employed from one year to the next), the importance of using a “C” term when calculating the sampling error of a difference over time increases greatly. The following example illustrates how to calculate a sampling error for a difference. Suppose one wished to know whether a hypothetical difference between the unemployment level of 250,000 for a particular population group in California and an unemployment level of 200,000 for the same group in New York was statistically significant at 90-percent confidence. Table B-5 gives the error for an unemployment level of 250,000 in California as approximately 23,000 and the error for an unemployment level of 200,000 in New York as 17,000. Using the formula described above without the “C” term produces the following results: Sampling errors for unemployment rates. Unemployment rates and error ranges for these rates are provided in tables 1, 12, and 23. This information can be used to derive a sampling error for an unemployment rate if one is needed. The error range is a 90-percent confidence interval around the unemployment rate. By subtracting the estimated unemployment rate from the upper bound of the range, the sampling error for that rate can be obtained. This sampling error can then be used in the above formula for computing the sampling error of a difference, or for whatever purpose the user chooses. Interpolation and extrapolation. Although sampling errors are listed for selected levels of employment and unemployment in tables B-2 through B-5, users may wish to know the sampling error for an estimate whose value is not listed. To derive such a sampling error, it is necessary to use interpolation or extrapolation. For example, in order to derive the sampling error for the 1998 total unemployment level in Georgia, it is necessary to use interpolation because table B-5 contains no sampling error for an unemployment level estimate of 169,000. The following formula and accompanying example show how to interpolate for this estimate. SE =[[( A-G) / (F-G)] x (X-Y)] + Y where: SE =the sampling error for the estimated value. A =the estimated value (169,000). F =the table value (200,000) immediately above the estimated value. G =the table value (100,000) immediately below the estimated value. X =the sampling error of F (21,000). Y =the sampling error of G (15,000). SE =[[(169 - 100) / (200 - 100)] x (21 - 15)] + 15 SE =( 0.69 x 6 ) + 15 SE1 = 23; SE2 = 17 SE12 + SE22 = 818 SEd = (( SE12 + SE22 ))1/2 = 29 =4.1 + 15 =19.1 =19 If the sample-based estimate were to lie outside the boundaries of the error tables, extrapolation can be used to approxi- Because each State’s sample is independent, there is no measurable correlation between the two estimates and a “C” 142 mate the sampling error. The formula for extrapolation is the same as that for interpolation; however, the “F” term is the highest value in the table and the “G” term becomes the next highest value. than a precise sampling error for any specific item. The sampling error tables are derived from standard error equations and special parameters developed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics. These parameters are available upon request to the Division of Local Area Unemployment Statistics, Room 4675, 2 Massachusetts Avenue NE, Washington, DC 202120001. Telephone: (202) 606-6406. Tables B-2 through B-5 can be used for estimates pertaining to any race/ethnic group. As noted, the sampling errors are based on a generalized regression procedure and are approximate. Generally, the degree of precision in these tables is slightly greater for whites (and the total of all race/ethnic groups) than it is for blacks or Hispanics. Derivation of sampling errors The State and area sampling errors are developed using a generalized regression procedure and are not based on sample data for each individual area, population group, or labor force characteristic. As with all sampling error tables produced for CPS State and area data, a number of approximations were required in order to derive sampling errors that would apply to a wide variety of items. As a result, these sampling errors indicate the order of magnitude of a sampling error rather 143 Contents—Publication Standards and Sampling Error Tables Page Tables: B-1. Minimum bases required for publication of Census region and division, State, and metropolitan area data .................................................................................................................................. 145 Sampling errors at the 90-percent confidence level by Census region and division: B-2. Estimated employment ................................................................................................................................. 147 B-3. Estimated unemployment ............................................................................................................................. 148 Sampling errors at the 90-percent confidence level by State: B-4. Estimated employment ................................................................................................................................. 149 B-5. Estimated unemployment ............................................................................................................................. 151 144 Table B-1. Minimum bases required for publication of Census region and division, State, and metropolitan area data (In thousands) Census region and division, State or area Minimum base Employment Unemployment Northeast ............................................................................ New England .................................................................... Middle Atlantic .................................................................. 8 7 8 40 44 38 Midwest .............................................................................. East North Central ............................................................ West North Central ........................................................... 11 11 10 62 60 66 South .................................................................................. South Atlantic ................................................................... East South Central ........................................................... West South Central .......................................................... 12 11 12 12 53 59 50 48 West ................................................................................... Mountain ........................................................................... Pacific ............................................................................... 9 8 9 47 32 49 Alabama ............................................................................. Alaska ................................................................................. Arizona ............................................................................... Arkansas ............................................................................. California ............................................................................ Colorado ............................................................................. Connecticut ......................................................................... Delaware ............................................................................ District of Columbia ............................................................ Florida ................................................................................. 11 3 10 4 9 13 11 2 1 11 54 5 54 26 50 53 67 12 4 47 Georgia ............................................................................... Hawaii ................................................................................. Idaho ................................................................................... Illinois .................................................................................. Indiana ................................................................................ Iowa .................................................................................... Kansas ................................................................................ Kentucky ............................................................................. Louisiana ............................................................................ Maine .................................................................................. 10 2 3 9 13 5 7 13 10 4 78 12 12 51 99 60 39 43 37 18 Maryland ............................................................................. Massachusetts .................................................................... Michigan ............................................................................. Minnesota ........................................................................... Mississippi .......................................................................... Missouri .............................................................................. Montana .............................................................................. Nebraska ............................................................................ Nevada ............................................................................... New Hampshire .................................................................. 11 7 10 12 7 17 2 3 4 3 66 54 53 102 26 69 8 35 22 29 New Jersey ......................................................................... New Mexico ........................................................................ New York ............................................................................ North Carolina .................................................................... North Dakota ...................................................................... Ohio .................................................................................... Oklahoma ........................................................................... Oregon ................................................................................ Pennsylvania ...................................................................... Rhode Island ...................................................................... 6 4 10 10 2 13 7 7 7 2 38 14 33 65 11 52 39 34 47 13 South Carolina .................................................................... South Dakota ...................................................................... Tennessee .......................................................................... Texas .................................................................................. Utah .................................................................................... Vermont .............................................................................. Virginia ................................................................................ Washington ......................................................................... West Virginia ...................................................................... Wisconsin ........................................................................... Wyoming ............................................................................. 8 2 13 14 5 1 19 11 6 13 1 58 14 69 55 27 12 111 72 12 87 6 145 Table B-1. Minimum bases required for publication of Census region and division, State, and metropolitan area data — Continued (In thousands) Census region and division, State or area Minimum base Employment Unemployment 8 11 6 7 10 6 7 10 10 10 11 11 8 8 8 11 12 11 9 5 9 10 10 11 9 9 7 9 6 14 8 5 8 6 8 6 5 3 9 9 9 3 13 9 8 8 7 11 10 9 95 52 50 58 53 54 45 58 71 56 60 40 56 51 46 91 56 92 72 27 56 58 29 70 108 76 39 20 37 63 71 36 79 40 54 49 38 16 41 41 48 22 43 52 91 77 81 56 41 73 12 6 12 12 9 1 13 11 6 12 9 7 8 13 9 8 13 20 21 31 60 23 4 35 70 25 30 18 23 40 40 59 84 27 Metropolitan area: Atlanta MSA ........................................................................ Baltimore PMSA ................................................................. Bergen-Passaic PMSA ....................................................... Boston PMSA ..................................................................... Buffalo-Niagara Falls MSA ................................................. Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill MSA ..................................... Chicago PMSA ................................................................... Cincinnati PMSA ................................................................. Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria PMSA ........................................... Columbus, Ohio MSA ......................................................... Dallas-Fort Worth CMSA .................................................... Dayton-Springfield MSA ..................................................... Denver-Boulder-Greeley CMSA ......................................... Detroit PMSA ...................................................................... Fort Lauderdale PMSA ....................................................... Hartford MSA ...................................................................... Houston PMSA ................................................................... Indianapolis MSA ................................................................ Kansas City MSA ................................................................ Long Beach PMSA ............................................................. Louisville MSA .................................................................... Memphis MSA .................................................................... Miami PMSA ....................................................................... Milwaukee-Waukesha PMSA ............................................. Minneapolis-St. Paul MSA .................................................. Nassau-Suffolk PMSA ........................................................ New Orleans MSA .............................................................. New York PMSA ................................................................. Newark PMSA .................................................................... Newport News MSA ........................................................... Oakland PMSA ................................................................... Oklahoma City MSA ........................................................... Orange County PMSA ........................................................ Philadelphia PMSA ............................................................. Phoenix-Mesa MSA ............................................................ Pittsburgh MSA ................................................................... Portland-Vancouver PMSA ................................................. Providence-Fall River-Warwick MSA .................................. Riverside-San Bernardino PMSA ....................................... Rochester MSA .................................................................. Sacramento-Yolo CMSA .................................................... St. Louis MSA1 ................................................................... Salt Lake City-Ogden MSA ................................................. San Antonio MSA ............................................................... San Diego MSA .................................................................. San Francisco PMSA ......................................................... San Jose PMSA ................................................................. Seattle-Bellevue-Everett PMSA .......................................... Clearwater MSA ................................................................. Washington D.C. PMSA ..................................................... Cities: Baltimore ........................................................................... Chicago ............................................................................. Cleveland ........................................................................... Dallas ................................................................................. Detroit ................................................................................ District of Columbia ........................................................... Houston ............................................................................. Indianapolis ....................................................................... Los Angeles ....................................................................... Milwaukee .......................................................................... New York ........................................................................... Philadelphia ....................................................................... Phoenix .............................................................................. St. Louis ............................................................................. San Antonio ....................................................................... San Diego .......................................................................... San Francisco .................................................................... 1 Data do not reflect the official U.S. Office of Management and Budget definition. See appendix C. 146 Table B-2. Sampling errors at the 90-percent confidence level for estimated employment by Census region and division (In thousands) Estimated level Census region and division 10 20 25 50 100 200 250 400 800 1,000 1,500 2,000 Northeast .................................... New England ............................ Middle Atlantic .......................... 6 5 6 8 8 8 9 9 9 12 12 13 18 17 18 25 24 25 28 27 28 35 33 35 49 46 50 55 51 55 67 61 67 77 68 77 Midwest ...................................... East North Central .................... West North Central ................... 7 7 7 10 10 9 11 11 11 15 15 15 22 22 21 31 31 30 34 35 33 43 44 42 61 61 58 68 68 65 83 83 78 95 95 88 South .......................................... South Atlantic ........................... East South Central ................... West South Central .................. 7 7 7 7 10 10 10 10 11 11 11 11 15 15 15 16 22 21 21 22 31 30 30 32 34 34 33 35 43 43 42 45 61 60 58 62 68 67 65 69 83 82 78 84 96 94 87 96 West ........................................... Mountain ................................... Pacific ....................................... 6 6 6 8 8 8 9 9 9 13 13 13 19 18 19 26 25 27 30 28 30 37 36 38 52 50 53 59 55 59 71 66 72 82 74 82 Estimated level 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 15,000 20,000 25,000 30,000 35,000 40,000 Northeast .................................... New England ............................ Middle Atlantic .......................... 85 74 85 116 87 115 137 78 133 152 – 145 163 – 152 171 – 153 176 – 144 171 – – – – – – – – – – – Midwest ...................................... East North Central .................... West North Central ................... 106 105 96 145 143 121 173 167 126 193 183 115 208 194 – 220 199 – 234 196 – 236 174 – 229 – – 209 – – – – – South .......................................... South Atlantic ........................... East South Central ................... West South Central .................. 107 104 95 106 149 141 117 140 178 166 117 158 202 184 97 166 221 196 – 165 237 203 – 155 261 206 – – 278 194 – – 288 – – – 291 – – – 289 – – – West ........................................... Mountain ................................... Pacific ....................................... 91 81 91 125 99 123 148 99 144 165 79 158 178 – 166 187 – 171 197 – 167 197 – 145 187 – – – – – – – – Table B-3. Sampling errors at the 90-percent confidence level for estimated unemployment by Census region and division (In thousands) Estimated level Census region and division 2 5 10 20 25 50 100 200 Northeast .................................... New England ............................ Middle Atlantic .......................... 2 1 2 3 2 3 4 3 4 5 5 5 6 5 6 8 7 8 12 10 12 16 14 17 Midwest ...................................... East North Central .................... West North Central ................... 2 2 2 3 3 3 4 4 4 6 6 5 6 6 6 9 9 9 13 13 12 18 18 17 South .......................................... South Atlantic ........................... East South Central ................... West South Central .................. 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 4 4 4 4 6 6 6 6 7 6 6 7 9 9 9 9 13 13 13 13 18 18 18 19 West ........................................... Mountain ................................... Pacific ....................................... 2 1 2 3 2 3 4 3 4 6 5 6 7 5 7 9 7 10 13 10 14 19 14 20 Estimated level 250 400 600 800 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 Northeast .................................... New England ............................ Middle Atlantic .......................... 18 16 19 23 – 23 28 – 29 32 – 33 36 – 37 44 – – – – – – – – Midwest ...................................... East North Central .................... West North Central ................... 20 20 19 25 26 24 31 31 – 36 36 – 40 40 – 49 – – – – – – – – South .......................................... South Atlantic ........................... East South Central ................... West South Central .................. 21 20 20 21 26 26 25 26 32 32 – 32 37 36 – 37 41 41 – – 50 49 – – 57 – – – 64 – – – West ........................................... Mountain ................................... Pacific ....................................... 21 16 22 27 20 28 32 – 34 37 – 39 42 – 44 51 – 53 58 – – – – – Table B-4. Sampling errors at the 90-percent confidence level for estimated employment by State (In thousands) Estimated level State 2 5 10 20 25 50 100 200 250 400 600 800 Alabama ..................................... Alaska ......................................... Arizona ....................................... Arkansas ..................................... California .................................... Colorado ..................................... Connecticut ................................. Delaware .................................... District of Columbia .................... Florida ......................................... 3 2 3 2 3 3 3 1 1 3 5 3 4 3 4 5 5 2 2 5 6 4 6 4 6 8 7 3 2 6 9 5 9 6 8 11 9 4 3 9 10 6 10 6 9 12 11 4 4 10 14 8 14 9 13 17 15 6 5 14 20 10 19 13 19 24 21 8 6 20 28 12 27 17 27 33 29 10 7 29 31 12 30 19 30 37 32 10 7 32 38 6 37 23 38 45 39 9 – 40 45 – 44 26 46 53 45 – – 49 51 – 49 28 53 59 50 – – 55 Georgia ....................................... Hawaii ......................................... Idaho ........................................... Illinois .......................................... Indiana ........................................ Iowa ............................................ Kansas ........................................ Kentucky ..................................... Louisiana .................................... Maine .......................................... 3 1 2 3 3 2 3 3 3 2 5 2 2 4 5 3 4 5 4 3 7 3 3 6 8 5 6 7 6 4 9 4 5 8 11 7 8 10 9 5 11 5 5 9 12 8 9 11 10 6 15 7 8 13 17 11 13 16 14 8 21 9 10 19 24 15 18 23 19 11 29 13 14 26 33 21 24 31 27 15 33 13 15 29 37 23 27 35 30 16 41 15 16 37 46 28 32 43 37 19 49 14 16 45 55 33 37 50 43 18 56 – 11 51 61 35 39 56 48 15 Maryland ..................................... Massachusetts ............................ Michigan ..................................... Minnesota ................................... Mississippi .................................. Missouri ...................................... Montana ...................................... Nebraska .................................... Nevada ....................................... New Hampshire .......................... 3 3 3 3 2 4 1 2 2 2 5 4 5 5 4 6 2 3 3 3 7 6 7 7 5 8 3 4 4 4 10 8 9 11 7 12 4 5 6 5 11 9 10 12 8 13 5 6 6 6 15 13 15 17 11 19 6 8 9 8 21 18 21 23 16 27 9 11 12 11 30 25 29 33 22 37 11 15 17 14 33 27 32 36 24 41 12 16 18 15 41 34 40 45 29 51 12 19 22 17 49 41 49 53 33 61 8 20 23 16 55 46 56 59 36 68 – 20 23 11 New Jersey ................................. New Mexico ................................ New York .................................... North Carolina ............................ North Dakota .............................. Ohio ............................................ Oklahoma ................................... Oregon ........................................ Pennsylvania .............................. Rhode Island .............................. 2 2 3 3 1 3 2 2 2 1 3 3 4 5 2 5 4 4 4 2 5 4 6 7 3 7 5 5 5 3 7 5 9 9 4 10 7 7 8 4 8 6 10 10 5 12 8 8 8 5 11 9 14 15 6 16 11 12 12 6 15 12 19 20 9 23 16 16 17 9 21 16 27 29 10 33 22 23 24 11 24 17 30 32 11 36 24 25 26 12 30 20 38 40 8 46 30 31 33 13 36 22 46 48 – 55 35 36 40 10 41 22 53 54 – 63 38 39 46 – South Carolina ............................ South Dakota .............................. Tennessee .................................. Texas .......................................... Utah ............................................ Vermont ...................................... Virginia ........................................ Washington ................................. West Virginia .............................. Wisconsin ................................... Wyoming ..................................... 3 1 3 3 2 1 4 3 2 3 1 4 2 5 6 3 2 6 5 3 5 2 6 3 7 8 5 2 9 7 4 8 2 8 4 10 11 7 3 13 10 6 11 3 9 5 11 12 8 4 14 11 7 12 3 13 6 16 17 11 5 20 15 10 17 5 18 8 23 25 15 7 28 22 13 24 6 25 10 31 35 20 8 40 30 18 33 7 28 11 35 39 22 8 44 33 20 37 6 34 10 43 49 26 6 55 42 23 46 – 40 – 52 59 29 – 66 50 26 55 – 44 – 58 68 29 – 74 56 26 61 – Table B-4. Sampling errors at the 90-percent confidence level for estimated employment by State — Continued (In thousands) Estimated level State 1,000 1,500 2,000 2,500 5,000 7,500 10,000 12,500 15,000 Alabama ..................................... Alaska ......................................... Arizona ....................................... Arkansas ..................................... California .................................... Colorado ..................................... Connecticut ................................. Delaware .................................... District of Columbia .................... Florida ......................................... 54 – 53 29 59 63 52 – – 61 59 – 58 24 71 66 53 – – 73 58 – 58 – 81 63 44 – – 83 52 – 53 – 90 50 – – – 90 – – – – 120 – – – – 108 – – – – 137 – – – – 105 – – – – 146 – – – – – – – – – 148 – – – – – – – – – 145 – – – – – Georgia ....................................... Hawaii ......................................... Idaho ........................................... Illinois .......................................... Indiana ........................................ Iowa ............................................ Kansas ........................................ Kentucky ..................................... Louisiana .................................... Maine .......................................... 61 – – 56 67 36 40 59 51 – 70 – – 67 76 34 34 63 56 – 76 – – 75 80 20 – 60 54 – 80 – – 81 80 – – – – – 54 – – 90 – – – – – – – – – 68 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Maryland ..................................... Massachusetts ............................ Michigan ..................................... Minnesota ................................... Mississippi .................................. Missouri ...................................... Montana ...................................... Nebraska .................................... Nevada ....................................... New Hampshire .......................... 59 50 61 64 37 74 – 16 20 – 66 57 72 70 33 83 – – – – 68 61 80 70 – 86 – – – – 66 61 85 65 – 84 – – – – – – 84 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – New Jersey ................................. New Mexico ................................ New York .................................... North Carolina ............................ North Dakota .............................. Ohio ............................................ Oklahoma ................................... Oregon ........................................ Pennsylvania .............................. Rhode Island .............................. 45 – 59 59 – 69 40 41 51 – 52 – 71 69 – 82 40 42 60 – 57 – 80 74 – 92 33 35 67 – 60 – 88 77 – 98 – – 72 – 49 – 110 51 – 107 – – 81 – – – 115 – – 71 – – 64 – – – 104 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – South Carolina ............................ South Dakota .............................. Tennessee .................................. Texas .......................................... Utah ............................................ Vermont ...................................... Virginia ........................................ Washington ................................. West Virginia .............................. Wisconsin ................................... Wyoming ..................................... 47 – 63 75 27 – 81 60 – 66 – 49 – 71 91 – – 93 68 – 74 – 46 – 74 103 – – 100 71 – 76 – – – 73 112 – – 102 71 – 74 – – – – 141 – – 35 – – – – – – – 149 – – – – – – – – – – 139 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Table B-5. Sampling errors at the 90-percent confidence level for estimated unemployment by State (In thousands) Estimated level State 2 5 10 20 25 50 100 200 250 400 600 800 1,000 Alabama ..................................... Alaska ......................................... Arizona ....................................... Arkansas ..................................... California .................................... Colorado ..................................... Connecticut ................................. Delaware .................................... District of Columbia .................... Florida ......................................... 2 1 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 2 3 1 3 2 3 3 3 1 1 3 4 2 4 3 5 4 4 2 2 4 6 2 6 4 6 5 6 3 2 5 6 – 6 5 7 6 6 – 2 6 9 – 9 7 10 9 9 – – 8 13 – 12 10 14 12 12 – – 12 – – – – 20 – – – – 17 – – – – 23 – – – – 19 – – – – 29 – – – – 24 – – – – 35 – – – – – – – – – 40 – – – – – – – – – 45 – – – – – Georgia ....................................... Hawaii ......................................... Idaho ........................................... Illinois .......................................... Indiana ........................................ Iowa ............................................ Kansas ........................................ Kentucky ..................................... Louisiana .................................... Maine .......................................... 2 1 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 1 3 2 1 3 3 2 2 3 3 2 5 2 2 4 5 3 3 4 4 2 7 3 3 6 7 5 5 5 6 3 8 4 3 6 7 5 5 6 6 4 11 5 5 9 10 7 7 9 9 5 15 – – 13 14 – 10 12 12 – 21 – – 18 – – – – 17 – – – – 20 – – – – – – – – – 25 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Maryland ..................................... Massachusetts ............................ Michigan ..................................... Minnesota ................................... Mississippi .................................. Missouri ...................................... Montana ...................................... Nebraska .................................... Nevada ....................................... New Hampshire .......................... 2 2 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 3 2 3 3 2 3 1 2 2 2 5 4 4 4 3 5 2 3 3 2 6 5 5 6 4 6 3 4 4 3 7 6 6 7 5 7 3 4 4 – 10 8 9 9 7 10 4 – 6 – 14 11 12 13 10 14 – – – – 20 15 17 – – 20 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – New Jersey ................................. New Mexico ................................ New York .................................... North Carolina ............................ North Dakota .............................. Ohio ............................................ Oklahoma ................................... Oregon ........................................ Pennsylvania .............................. Rhode Island .............................. 2 1 2 2 1 2 2 2 2 1 2 2 3 3 1 3 2 3 3 1 4 2 4 4 2 4 4 4 4 2 5 4 5 6 2 6 5 5 6 3 6 4 6 6 – 6 6 6 6 3 8 5 8 9 – 9 8 8 9 – 11 8 12 12 – 13 11 11 12 – 15 – 17 17 – 18 – – 17 – – – 18 – – 20 – – 19 – – – 23 – – – – – 24 – – – 28 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – South Carolina ............................ South Dakota .............................. Tennessee .................................. Texas .......................................... Utah ............................................ Vermont ...................................... Virginia ........................................ Washington ................................. West Virginia .............................. Wisconsin ................................... Wyoming ..................................... 2 1 2 2 1 1 2 2 1 2 1 3 1 3 3 2 1 3 3 2 3 1 4 2 5 4 3 2 5 5 2 5 1 6 2 6 6 4 2 7 7 3 6 2 6 – 7 7 4 – 8 8 4 7 – 9 – 10 10 6 – 11 11 5 10 – 12 – 14 14 – – 15 15 8 14 – – – 20 20 – – 21 21 – – – – – – 22 – – – – – – – – – – 28 – – – – – – – – – – 34 – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – – Appendix C. Geographic Boundary Definitions T able C-1 of this appendix lists the States composing the Census regions and divisions for which data are published in section I. Table C-2 provides the geographic definitions of the metropolitan areas for which data are published in section III. These data for metropolitan areas reflect the standards and definitions established by the U.S. Office of Management and Budget on June 30, 1993.1 Effective December 22, 1987, the boundary of the St. Louis metropolitan statistical area was redefined to include the part of Sullivan City in Crawford County, Missouri. This change is not reflected in the data for St. Louis shown in this bulletin, although the addition of entire counties in 1993 is reflected. adjacent communities that have a high degree of economic and social integration within that core. A Metropolitan Statistical Area (MSA) consists of one or more counties and meets specified size criteria—either it contains a city of at least 50,000 inhabitants, or it contains an urbanized area of at least 50,000 inhabitants, and has a total population of at least 100,000. A Consolidated Metropolitan Statistical Area (CMSA) is a metropolitan area that has a population of at least 1 million and which has been divided into two or more PMSAs (see below). The CMSA comprises the same geographic area as its constituent PMSAs. A Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area (PMSA) is a subarea within a CMSA. The designation of these sub-areas is based on specific criteria, including having a population of at least 100,000 that is at least 60 percent urban, and the support of local opinion. Areas that were designated separate metropolitan areas as of January 1, 1980, and are now part of a larger area, are designated as PMSAs unless local opinion does not support their continued separate designation for statistical purposes. Metropolitan areas The general concept of a metropolitan area (MA) is that of a core area containing a large population nucleus, together with 1 The standards were published in the Federal Register on March 30, 1990; the definitions and a complete listing of the areas were published on June 30, 1993 in OMB release 93-17. 153 Table C-1. State composition of the census regions and divisions Region and division State Northeast: New England ............. Connecticut Maine Massachusetts New Hampshire Rhode Island Vermont Middle Atlantic ........... New Jersey New York Pennsylvania Midwest: East North Central ..... Illinois Indiana Michigan Ohio Wisconsin West North Central .... Iowa Kansas Minnesota Missouri Nebraska North Dakota South Dakota South: South Atlantic ............ Delaware District of Columbia Florida Georgia Maryland North Carolina South Carolina Virginia West Virginina East South Central .... Alabama Kentucky Mississippi Tennessee West South Central ... Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas West: Mountain .................... Arizona Colorado Idaho Montana Nevada New Mexico Utah Wyoming Pacific ........................ Alaska California Hawaii Oregon Washington 154 Table C-2. Geographic boundaries of metropolitan areas State and area Type of area Definition Arizona Phoenix-Mesa ................................................ MSA Maricopa and Pinal Counties California Los Angeles-Long Beach .............................. Oakland ......................................................... Orange County .............................................. Riverside-San Bernardino ............................. Sacramento-Yolo ........................................... San Diego ...................................................... San Francisco ................................................ San Jose ........................................................ PMSA PMSA PMSA PMSA CMSA MSA PMSA PMSA Los Angeles County Alameda and Contra Costa Counties Orange County Riverside and San Bernardino Counties El Dorado, Placer, Sacramento, and Yolo Counties San Diego County Marin, San Francisco, and San Mateo Counties Santa Clara County Colorado Denver-Boulder-Greeley ................................ CMSA Adams, Arapahoe, Boulder, Denver, Douglas, Jefferson, and Weld Counties Connecticut Hartford .......................................................... MSA Bristol, Hartford, and New Britain cities and Avon, Berlin, Bloomfield, Farmington, Glastonbury, Granby, Manchester, Marlborough, Newington, Plainville, Rocky Hill, Simsbury, Southington, South Windsor, Suffield, West Hartford, Wethersfield, Windsor, and Windsor Locks towns in Hartford County; Barkhamsted, Harwinton, New Hartford, Plymouth, and Winchester towns in Litchfield County; Middletown city and Cromwell, Durham, East Haddam, East Hampton, Haddam, Middlefield, and Portland towns in Middlesex County; Colchester and Lebanon towns in New London County; Andover, Bolton, Columbia, Coventry, Ellington, Hebron, Mansfield, Somers, Stafford, Tolland, Vernon, and Willington towns in Tolland County; and Ashford, Chaplin, and Windham towns in Windham County District of Columbia Washington .................................................... PMSA District of Columbia; Calvert, Charles, Frederick, Montgomery, and Prince George’s Counties, Md.; Alexandria, Fairfax, Falls Church, Fredericksburg, Manassas, and Manassas Park cities, and Arlington, Clarke, Culpeper, Fairfax, Fauquier, King George, Loudoun, Prince William, Spotsylvania, Stafford, and Warren Counties, Va.; Berkeley and Jefferson Counties,W.Va. Florida Fort Lauderdale ............................................. Miami ............................................................. Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater ................. PMSA PMSA MSA Broward County Miami-Dade County Hernando, Hillsborough, Pasco, and Pinellas Counties Georgia Atlanta ............................................................ MSA Barrow, Bartow, Carroll, Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Coweta, DeKalb, Douglas, Fayette, Forsyth, Fulton, Gwinnett, Henry, Newton, Paulding, Pickens, Rockdale, Spalding, and Walton Counties Illinois Chicago .......................................................... PMSA Cook, DeKalb, DuPage, Grundy, Kane, Kendall, Lake, McHenry, and Will Counties Indiana Indianapolis ................................................... MSA Boone, Hamilton, Hancock, Hendricks, Johnson, Madison, Marion, Morgan, and Shelby Counties Kentucky Louisville ........................................................ MSA Bullitt, Jefferson, and Oldham Counties, Ky.; Clark, Floyd, Harrison, and Scott Counties, Ind. Louisiana New Orleans .................................................. MSA Jefferson, Orleans, Plaquemines, St. Bernard, St. Charles, St. James, St. 155 Table C-2. Geographic boundaries of metropolitan areas State and area Type of area Definition John the Baptist, and St. Tammany Parishes Maryland Baltimore ....................................................... PMSA Baltimore City and Anne Arundel, Baltimore, Carroll, Harford, Howard, and Queen Anne’s Counties Massachusetts Boston ............................................................ PMSA Taunton city and Berkley, Dighton, Mansfield, and Norton towns in Bristol County, Mass.; Beverly, Gloucester, Lynn, Newburyport, Peabody, and Salem cities and Amesbury, Danvers, Essex, Hamilton, Ipswich, Lynnfield, Manchester, Marblehead, Middleton, Nahant, Newbury, Rockport, Rowley, Salisbury, Saugus, Swampscott, Topsfield, and Wenham towns in Essex County, Mass.; Cambridge, Everett, Malden, Marlborough, Medford, Melrose, Newton, Somerville, Waltham, and Woburn cities and Acton, Arlington, Ashland, Ayer, Bedford, Belmont, Boxborough, Burlington, Carlisle, Concord, Framingham, Holliston, Hopkinton, Hudson, Lexington, Lincoln, Littleton, Maynard, Natick, North Reading, Reading, Sherborn, Shirley, Stoneham, Stow, Sudbury, Townsend, Wakefield, Watertown, Wayland, Weston, Wilmington, and Winchester towns in Middlesex County, Mass.; Quincy city and Bellingham, Braintree, Brookline, Canton, Cohasset, Dedham, Dover, Foxborough, Franklin, Holbrook, Medfield, Medway, Millis, Milton, Needham, Norfolk, Norwood, Plainville, Randolph, Sharon, Stoughton, Walpole, Wellesley, Westwood, Weymouth, and Wrentham towns in Norfolk County, Mass.; Carver, Duxbury, Hanover, Hingham, Hull, Kingston, Marshfield, Norwell, Pembroke, Plymouth, Rockland, Scituate, and Wareham towns in Plymouth County, Mass.; Boston, Chelsea, and Revere cities and Winthrop town in Suffolk County, Mass.; Berlin, Blackstone, Bolton, Harvard, Hopedale, Lancaster, Mendon, Milford, Millville, Southborough, and Upton towns in Worcester County, Mass.; and Seabrook and South Hampton towns in Rockingham County, N.H. Michigan Detroit ............................................................ PMSA Lapeer, Macomb, Monroe, Oakland, St. Clair, and Wayne Counties Minnesota Minneapolis-St. Paul ...................................... MSA Anoka, Carver, Chisago, Dakota, Hennepin, Isanti, Ramsey, Scott, Sherburne, Washington, and Wright Counties, Minn.; Pierce and St. Croix Counties, Wis. Missouri Kansas City ................................................... MSA St. Louis ......................................................... MSA1 Johnson, Leavenworth, Miami, and Wyandotte Counties, Kan.; Cass, Clay, Clinton, Jackson, Lafayette, Platte, and Ray Counties, Mo. Clinton, Jersey, Madison, Monroe, and St. Clair Counties, Ill.; St. Louis city and Franklin, Jefferson, Lincoln, St. Charles, St. Louis, and Warren Counties, Mo. New Jersey Bergen-Passaic ............................................. Newark ........................................................... PMSA PMSA Bergen and Passaic Counties Essex, Morris, Sussex, Union, and Warren Counties New York Buffalo-Niagara Falls ..................................... Nassau-Suffolk .............................................. New York ........................................................ MSA PMSA PMSA Rochester ...................................................... MSA Erie and Niagara Counties Nassau and Suffolk Counties Bronx, Kings, New York, Putnam, Queens, Richmond, Rockland, and Westchester Counties Genesee, Livingston, Monroe, Ontario, Orleans, and Wayne Counties North Carolina Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill ......................... MSA Cabarrus, Gaston, Lincoln, Mecklenburg, Rowan, and Union Counties, 1 This is not the official OMB definition of the St. Louis metropolitan statistical area. Excluded is the part of Sullivan City in Crawford County, Missouri. 156 Table C-2. Geographic boundaries of metropolitan areas State and area Type of area Definition N.C.; York County, S.C. Ohio Cincinnati ....................................................... PMSA Cleveland-Lorain-Elyria ................................. Columbus ....................................................... Dayton-Springfield ......................................... PMSA MSA MSA Oklahoma Oklahoma City ............................................... MSA Canadian, Cleveland, Logan, McClain, Oklahoma, and Pottawatomie Counties Oregon Portland-Vancouver ....................................... PMSA Clackamas, Columbia, Multnomah, Washington, and Yamhill Counties, Ore.; Clark County, Wash. Pennsylvania Philadelphia ................................................... PMSA Burlington, Camden, Gloucester, and Salem Counties, N.J.; Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadephia Counties, Pa. Allegheny, Beaver, Butler, Fayette, Washington, and Westmoreland Counties Dearborn and Ohio Counties, Ind.; Boone, Campbell, Gallatin, Grant, Kenton, and Pendleton Counties, Ky.; and Brown, Clermont, Hamilton, and Warren Counties, Ohio Ashtabula, Cuyahoga, Geauga, Lake, Lorain, and Medina Counties Delaware, Fairfield, Franklin, Licking, Madison, and Pickaway Counties Clark, Greene, Miami, and Montgomery Counties Pittsburgh ..................................................... MSA Rhode Island Providence-Fall River-Warwick ..................... MSA Attleboro and Fall River cities and North Attleboro, Rehoboth, Seekonk, Somerset, Swansea, and Westport towns in Bristol County, Mass.; Barrington, Bristol, and Warren towns in Bristol County, R.I.; Warwick city and Coventry, East Greenwich, West Greenwich, and West Warwick towns in Kent County, R.I.; Jamestown, Little Compton, and Tiverton towns in Newport County, R.I.; Central Falls, Cranston, East Providence, Pawtucket, Providence, and Woonsocket cities, and Burrillville, Cumberland, Foster, Glocester, Johnston, Lincoln, North Providence, North Smithfield, Scituate, and Smithfield in Providence County, R.I.; Charlestown, Exeter, Narragansett, North Kingstown, Richmond, and South Kingstown towns in Washington County, R.I. Tennessee Memphis ........................................................ MSA Crittenden County, Ark.; DeSoto County, Miss.; and Fayette, Shelby, and Tipton Counties, Tenn. Texas Dallas-Fort Worth .......................................... CMSA Houston ......................................................... San Antonio ................................................... PMSA MSA Collin, Dallas, Denton, Ellis, Henderson, Hood, Hunt, Johnson, Kaufman, Parker, Rockwall, and Tarrant Counties Chambers, Fort Bend, Harris, Liberty, Montgomery, and Waller Counties Bexar, Comal, Guadalupe, and Wilson Counties Utah Salt Lake City-Ogden .................................... MSA Davis, Salt Lake, and Weber Counties Virginia Norfolk-Virginia Beach-Newport News .......... MSA Currituck County, N.C.; Chesapeake, Hampton, Newport News, Norfolk, Poquoson, Portsmouth, Suffolk, Virginia Beach, and Williamsburg cities and Gloucester, Isle of Wight, James City, Mathews, and York Counties, Va. Washington Seattle-Bellevue-Everett ................................ PMSA Island, King, and Snohomish Counties Wisconsin Milwaukee-Waukesha .................................... PMSA Milwaukee, Ozaukee, Washington, and Waukesha Counties 157
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