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FEDERAL RESERVE statistical release
G.17 (419)

For release at 9:15 a.m. (EDT)
August 17, 2021

INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION AND CAPACITY UTILIZATION

Industrial production increased 0.9 percent in July after moving up 0.2 percent in June. In July,
manufacturing output rose 1.4 percent. About half of the gain in factory output is attributable to a jump of
11.2 percent for motor vehicles and parts, as a number of vehicle manufacturers trimmed or canceled their
(over)

Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization: Summary
Seasonally adjusted
2017=100

Percent change

Industrial production

2021
Feb.r

Mar.r

Apr.r

Mayr

Juner

Julyp

Total index
Previous estimates

96.4
96.4

99.1
98.9

99.2
99.0

100.0
99.7

100.2
100.1

Major market groups
Final Products
Consumer goods
Business equipment
Nonindustrial supplies
Construction
Materials

98.0
98.7
91.3
94.3
97.1
95.4

99.7
99.9
94.0
96.8
101.6
99.2

98.9
99.4
92.2
96.7
100.2
100.2

99.9
100.3
93.8
97.1
99.6
100.9

94.6
94.5
94.2
108.3

97.7
97.5
105.3
99.0

97.4
97.1
105.0
101.8

98.5
97.9
106.6
100.3

Major industry groups
Manufacturing (see note below)
Previous estimates
Mining
Utilities

2021
Feb.r

Mar.r

Apr.r

Mayr

Juner

Julyp

101.1

-3.0
-3.1

2.8
2.7

.0
.0

.8
.7

.2
.4

.9

6.6

99.6
99.8
93.2
96.7
98.5
101.8

101.1
100.8
95.8
97.5
99.5
102.2

-2.0
-2.1
-2.8
-2.4
-3.9
-4.2

1.7
1.2
2.9
2.7
4.7
3.9

-.9
-.5
-1.9
-.2
-1.4
1.0

1.1
1.0
1.7
.5
-.6
.7

-.3
-.5
-.6
-.4
-1.1
.9

1.6
1.0
2.8
.8
.9
.4

5.5
2.2
9.7
7.1
6.3
7.4

98.2
97.9
107.2
103.3

99.5

-3.7
-3.7
-8.9
7.4

3.4
3.1
11.9
-8.6

-.3
-.4
-.3
2.8

1.1
.9
1.5
-1.5

-.3
-.1
.5
3.1

1.4

7.4

1.2
-2.1

12.1
-3.8

108.4
101.2

July ’20 to
July ’21

Capacity
growth

Percent of capacity
Average
19722020

198889
high

199091
low

199495
high

2009
low

2020
July

2021
Feb.r

Mar.r

Apr.r

Mayr

Juner

Julyp

July ’20 to
July ’21

Total industry
Previous estimates

79.6

85.2

78.8

85.1

66.6

71.5

72.7
72.7

74.7
74.6

74.7
74.6

75.3
75.1

75.4
75.4

76.1

.1

Manufacturing (see note below)
Previous estimates
Mining
Utilities

78.2

85.6

77.3

84.7

63.5

71.2

83.8
84.6

88.3
93.2

78.3
78.0

67.4
77.5

75.0
74.7
74.3
73.5

75.8
75.4
75.5
72.3

75.5
75.3
75.9
74.3

-.2

86.0
93.1

75.2
75.0
74.4
71.6

76.6

86.2
85.0

72.8
72.7
66.4
78.5

76.9
72.6

-1.7
2.7

Stage-of-process groups
Crude
Primary and semifinished
Finished

85.4
80.2
76.8

87.7
86.5
83.4

84.6
78.1
77.5

89.7
87.9
80.7

76.5
63.5
66.5

69.4
71.7
71.9

66.4
74.0
73.7

73.9
74.2
75.7

75.1
74.6
74.8

77.1
74.5
75.6

77.4
75.0
75.2

78.1
75.1
76.6

-1.0
.4
-.2

Capacity utilization

r Revised. p Preliminary.
Note. The statistics in this release cover output, capacity, and capacity utilization in the U.S. industrial sector, which is defined by the Federal Reserve to comprise
manufacturing, mining, and electric and gas utilities. Mining is defined as all industries in sector 21 of the North American Industry Classification System (NAICS);
electric and gas utilities are those in NAICS sectors 2211 and 2212. Manufacturing comprises NAICS manufacturing industries (sector 31-33) plus the logging industry
and the newspaper, periodical, book, and directory publishing industries. Logging and publishing are classified elsewhere in NAICS (under agriculture and information,
respectively), but historically they were considered to be manufacturing and were included in the industrial sector under the Standard Industrial Classification (SIC)
system. In December 2002 the Federal Reserve reclassified all its industrial output data from the SIC system to NAICS.

1

typical July shutdowns. Despite the large increase last month, vehicle assemblies continued to be constrained by
a persistent shortage of semiconductors; the production of motor vehicles and parts in July was about 3 1/2 percent
below its recent peak in January 2021. The output of utilities decreased 2.1 percent in July, while the index for
mining rose 1.2 percent.
At 101.1 percent of its 2017 average, total industrial production in July was 6.6 percent above its
year-earlier level but 0.2 percent below its pre-pandemic (February 2020) level. Capacity utilization for the
industrial sector rose 0.7 percentage point in July to 76.1 percent, a rate that is 3.5 percentage points below its
long-run (1972–2020) average.
Market Groups
Most major market groups posted increases in July. The step-up in the output of motor vehicles and parts
contributed to large increases in consumer durables, business equipment, and durable materials. The output of
defense and space equipment also rose strongly, while the indexes for non-energy nondurable consumer goods,
construction supplies, business supplies, and nondurable materials posted more modest gains. In contrast, the
indexes for consumer energy products and energy materials both declined.
Industry Groups
In July, manufacturing output increased 1.4 percent; excluding the large gain in motor vehicles and parts,
manufacturing output moved up 0.7 percent. The index for overall manufacturing in July was 0.8 percent above
its pre-pandemic level. Production of durable goods rose 2.4 percent in July. In addition to the increase for motor
vehicles and parts, gains of 1.5 percent or more were recorded by machinery; electrical equipment, appliances,
and components; aerospace and miscellaneous transportation equipment; and miscellaneous manufacturing. The
output of nondurable goods rose 0.3 percent; the largest increases were recorded by textile and product mills and
by plastics and rubber products. The output of other manufacturing (publishing and logging) increased
0.2 percent. The index for mining advanced 1.2 percent, about the same pace it has averaged over the past
12 months. The index for utilities fell 2.1 percent in July, as an unusually hot June gave way to a July with
temperatures somewhat below normal.
Capacity utilization for manufacturing increased 1.1 percentage points in July to 76.6 percent. The
operating rate for mining rose 1.0 percentage point to 76.9 percent, while the operating rate for utilities decreased
1.7 percentage points to 72.6 percent. The rates for all three sectors remained below their long-run averages.
Note: In 2022, the G.17 release on Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization will be published at 9:15 a.m.
on January 14, February 16, March 17, April 15, May 17, June 17, July 15, August 16, September 15, October
18, November 16, and December 15.

2

Tables
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.

Industrial Production: Market and Industry Group Summary; percent change
Industrial Production: Special Aggregates and Selected Detail; percent change
Motor Vehicle Assemblies
Industrial Production: Market and Industry Group Summary; indexes
Industrial Production: Special Aggregates and Selected Detail; indexes
Diffusion Indexes of Industrial Production
Capacity Utilization
Industrial Capacity
Gross Value of Final Products and Nonindustrial Supplies
Gross-Value-Weighted Industrial Production: Stage-of-Process Groups
Historical Statistics: Total Industry
Historical Statistics: Manufacturing
Historical Statistics: Total Industry Excluding Selected High-Technology Industries
Historical Statistics: Manufacturing Excluding Selected High-Technology Industries
Industrial Production: Reliability Estimates

Further detail is available on the Board’s website (www.federalreserve.gov/releases/G17/).

Revision of Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization
The Federal Reserve Board issued its annual revision to the indexes of industrial production
(IP) and the related measures of capacity utilization on May 28, 2021. The base year for the
revised indexes is 2017. New annual benchmark data for manufacturing for 2017 through 2019
were incorporated, as well as other annual data, including information on the mining of metallic
and nonmetallic minerals (except fuels). The weights for market-group splits of the industry-level
indexes were updated with information from the 2012 benchmark input-output accounts from the
U.S. Bureau of Economic Analysis. The updated IP indexes included revisions to the monthly
production indicator (either product data or input data) and to seasonal factors for each industry. In
addition, the estimation methods for some series were changed. Any modifications to the methods
for estimating the output of an industry affected the index from 1972 to the present.
Capacity and capacity utilization were revised to incorporate data for manufacturing
through the fourth quarter of 2020 from the U.S. Census Bureau’s Quarterly Survey of Plant Capacity Utilization, along with new data on capacity from the U.S. Geological Survey, the U.S.
Department of Energy, and other organizations.

3

1. Industrial production, capacity, and utilization
175
150

Ratio scale, 2017 output = 100
Total
Manufacturing

175
150

125

125

Capacity

100

100

75

75
Production

Production: 2017 to present

50

105

50

100
95
90
85
80
2018

25

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2020

2005

75

2010

2015

2020

Percent of capacity

95

25

95

Utilization
85

85

75

75

65

65

55

1970

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

55

Note: The shaded areas are periods of business recession as defined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER).

4

2. Industrial production and capacity utilization
Consumer goods
110

Equipment

Ratio scale, 2017=100
120

120

110

Nondurable

Ratio scale, 2017=100

160

160

140

140

120

120

100

100

90

Durable

90

80

80
70

70

60

60

100

100
Business

80

80
Defense and Space

50

60

140

140

140

140

130

130

130

130

120

120

120

110

110

100

100

90

90

50

2000

2005

2010

Nonindustrial supplies

120

2015

2020

Ratio scale, 2017=100

Construction

110
100

2000

2005

Industrial materials

2010

2015

2020

60

Ratio scale, 2017=100

110

Non-energy

100

Other business
90

90
Energy

80
70

2000

2005

2010

Capacity utilization

2015

2020

Primary and
semifinished
processing

80

80

70

70

Percent of capacity

90
85

80

2000

2005

2010

Capacity utilization
90

95

85

90

80

75

75

70

70

Excluding utilities

80

2015

2020

70

Percent of capacity
95

Crude processing

90

85

85

80

80

75

75

70

70

Finished processing

65

65

65

65

60

60

60

60

55

55

55

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

55

Note: The shaded areas are periods of business recession as defined by the National Bureau of Economic Research (NBER).

5

3. Industrial production of selected industries
Industrial production

Ratio scale, 2017 output = 100
110
100

Excluding
high-technology
industries

90
80
70
65
60
55

Total IP

50
45
40
1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

Industrial production

2010

2015

2020

35

Ratio scale, 2017 output = 100
120
110
100

Non-Energy

90
80
Energy

70
60
55
50
45
40

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

Industrial production

2010

2015

2020

35

Ratio scale, 2017 output = 100
120
100
80
60

Motor Vehicles
and Parts

40

1975

1980

1985

1990

1995

2000

2005

2010

2015

2020

20

Notes: High-technology industries are defined as semiconductors and related electronic components (NAICS 3344),
computers (NAICS 3341), and communications equipment (NAICS 3342).
The shaded areas represent periods of business recession as defined by the NBER.

6

Table 1
I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION : M ARKET AND I NDUSTRY G ROUP S UMMARY
Percent change, seasonally adjusted

Fourth quarter to
fourth quarter
Item

2020
proportion1

Mayr

Juner

Julyp

100.00

2.7

-2.1

-4.3

8.2

3.9

6.1

-3.0

2.8

.0

.8

.2

.9

6.6

56.60
28.38
6.01
3.24
.16
.94
1.67
22.37
16.87
9.94
.20
5.33
.97
5.50

1.3
.7
4.4
5.0
19.7
-1.7
5.4
-.3
-1.4
-1.7
-2.7
-1.1
-2.8
2.8

-1.9
-1.3
-4.2
-5.2
3.4
-2.9
-3.9
-.4
.3
1.3
1.9
.0
-6.0
-2.5

-3.4
-.8
4.2
5.1
16.1
5.2
.7
-2.2
-.8
-.4
-1.3
-.8
-4.3
-6.6

7.6
1.4
3.1
-5.7
28.5
8.4
19.4
.9
7.1
8.5
29.6
4.1
4.8
-17.3

5.8
3.4
-4.4
-16.5
9.1
16.2
11.8
5.8
4.4
4.3
9.4
5.1
.3
10.2

1.6
.2
-11.1
-20.7
20.3
-13.9
9.6
3.6
1.3
-4.0
6.8
13.7
-6.8
10.5

-2.1
-2.1
-7.1
-10.3
.3
-5.1
-2.1
-.6
-2.5
-4.0
-1.7
-.7
2.5
5.3

2.0
1.2
2.0
2.8
.4
-3.0
3.3
1.0
2.4
3.3
1.0
1.1
1.1
-2.9

-.7
-.5
-3.1
-5.9
2.6
-.9
.9
.2
-.5
-1.5
-.3
2.0
-2.8
2.1

.9
1.0
3.4
6.4
.3
.8
-.5
.4
.4
.0
3.2
1.2
-.5
.1

-.3
-.5
-2.5
-5.7
4.6
1.5
1.0
.0
-.6
-.7
-.7
-.3
-.5
1.7

1.3
1.0
5.9
10.8
-1.6
.5
.5
-.3
.3
.5
-.2
-.2
.5
-1.7

5.9
2.2
.7
-6.1
17.5
4.6
13.0
2.7
4.2
2.8
17.9
6.4
2.7
-2.1

9.20
2.12
2.09
4.99
2.80

1.4
-4.0
4.1
3.6
5.0

-4.2
-6.1
1.5
-5.3
10.9

-8.4
-23.7
3.6
-4.5
1.9

10.7
28.4
-6.6
10.8
15.5

9.3
3.7
6.4
13.3
27.0

-.2
-28.4
18.0
9.0
3.8

-2.8
-5.4
-1.0
-2.3
.7

2.9
.8
2.8
4.0
2.9

-1.9
-7.5
.5
-.2
-1.4

1.7
2.1
3.0
1.1
-.9

-.6
-1.9
.6
-.5
2.4

2.8
7.7
1.3
1.1
1.8

9.7
8.8
6.8
11.6
16.5

4.98
10.67

.7
.9

-2.4
-3.0

-.4
-5.0

19.0
13.0

4.1
1.6

-1.7
6.8

-3.9
-1.7

4.7
1.8

-1.4
.4

-.6
1.0

-1.1
-.1

.9
.7

6.3
7.5

43.40
27.45
16.71
2.46
4.86
9.39
10.74
.35
1.63
5.27
15.95

4.4
.7
2.0
2.5
2.0
1.9
-1.3
.5
1.4
-3.4
10.4

-2.5
-4.3
-5.1
-10.7
-1.6
-5.2
-3.0
-3.8
-1.3
-5.6
.6

-5.5
-1.7
-2.8
1.1
-1.6
-4.7
.2
-4.8
-7.5
3.0
-12.3

9.1
14.0
12.1
9.7
10.3
13.7
17.1
5.6
21.9
22.6
-.4

1.4
-.3
7.1
4.1
12.4
5.2
-11.0
6.4
-4.6
-22.2
4.7

12.2
9.7
-.4
-16.0
6.6
.9
28.0
13.0
10.7
59.0
16.4

-4.2
-4.3
-1.9
-5.7
-.9
-1.3
-8.1
-.1
-2.0
-15.0
-4.1

3.9
3.9
2.4
1.4
2.6
2.7
6.5
3.6
5.1
10.4
3.9

1.0
.6
-1.7
-4.9
-.7
-1.2
4.2
1.4
-.8
9.3
1.7

.7
1.1
1.0
2.6
1.4
.3
1.2
-.3
1.9
2.3
.2

.9
-.1
-.1
.0
.0
-.1
-.1
-1.4
-1.7
.6
2.4

.4
.9
1.4
3.7
1.3
.8
.2
1.9
1.0
.3
-.4

7.4
8.4
7.8
3.8
10.6
7.6
9.5
11.8
8.1
13.6
5.0

321
327
331
332
333
334

75.90
73.88
38.14
1.71
2.29
2.28
5.95
5.40
4.96

.7
.8
2.4
-3.4
-.9
4.1
3.5
3.8
2.2

-2.6
-2.4
-3.3
-1.1
-2.2
-7.5
-3.9
-6.7
2.3

-2.5
-2.4
-2.6
.2
.9
-6.7
-5.9
-.2
4.1

11.1
11.0
11.0
16.4
17.0
37.8
9.3
13.1
3.3

2.8
2.9
6.6
4.8
-4.2
9.7
7.5
15.9
7.1

5.1
5.5
-.9
1.6
-8.9
20.5
3.0
4.9
16.5

-3.7
-3.8
-3.1
-3.6
-4.8
-.1
-2.7
-2.6
-.4

3.4
3.4
2.7
4.0
2.8
2.6
4.1
2.7
2.4

-.3
-.2
-1.6
-.9
-1.1
3.6
-1.6
-.3
.5

1.1
1.1
1.2
.1
-2.4
-1.6
1.1
.9
2.6

-.3
-.3
-.5
-.3
.4
1.5
-.6
.0
.6

1.4
1.4
2.4
.1
.9
1.2
-.4
1.9
1.1

7.4
7.4
7.5
4.9
.5
23.7
6.2
13.4
9.3

335
3361–3

1.85
4.89

3.9
5.9

-3.3
-8.4

-2.0
2.8

13.7
-5.4

13.8
-17.6

1.5
-22.8

-2.3
-10.7

2.5
4.0

.4
-7.6

-.5
7.2

-1.8
-5.9

2.3
11.2

7.3
-6.9

3364–9
337
339

4.76
1.23
2.82

-2.8
-.2
4.5

3.8
-3.9
-4.7

-13.4
-5.5
-1.4

25.8
-.5
13.4

26.1
1.4
12.2

-10.6
-1.5
2.5

.2
-3.1
-2.2

.8
-.7
2.9

-3.1
-.6
-.9

-1.6
2.4
.7

2.5
.5
-.5

1.9
.7
1.5

16.9
2.5
9.0

311,2
313,4
315,6
322
323
324
325
326

35.75
12.42
.63
.22
2.40
1.34
3.34
11.85
3.53

-1.0
-1.1
1.4
-2.9
1.9
-.3
-1.1
-2.7
2.3

-1.5
1.4
-3.8
1.5
-1.4
-3.7
-1.2
-3.1
-5.1

-2.2
-.3
-5.6
-.9
-3.6
-8.3
-12.1
.0
-2.2

10.9
7.9
10.1
28.1
20.1
24.9
13.6
10.1
10.5

-1.2
3.3
11.6
10.9
-4.2
-5.2
18.7
-11.9
4.7

12.9
-2.9
5.6
6.6
4.7
17.5
27.7
35.2
-3.4

-4.7
-3.6
-.1
-1.7
-.9
-1.8
-7.0
-7.7
-.8

4.1
3.2
2.7
.9
4.0
2.7
10.9
5.2
-1.2

1.3
-1.3
.7
-.1
-.6
.3
1.4
5.3
-.8

1.1
.0
-1.1
3.0
.3
2.8
.3
2.5
.9

-.1
-.8
-1.0
-.9
-2.1
2.0
.6
.0
1.3

.3
.1
1.7
-.2
1.0
.1
-.6
.2
2.0

7.3
2.6
10.9
17.6
5.3
12.8
14.3
9.0
8.9

1133,5111

2.01

-3.9

-7.6

-9.1

15.2

-.6

-9.1

2.5

2.1

-4.1

-.9

.5

.2

6.7

21
2211,2
2211
2212

12.17
11.94
10.29
1.64

14.1
3.0
1.5
12.9

.5
-1.7
-1.3
-4.1

-16.6
-3.2
-2.1
-9.9

8.8
-9.1
-6.7
-22.7

7.2
8.7
9.6
3.3

22.9
-3.4
-6.0
13.8

-8.9
7.4
6.0
16.5

11.9
-8.6
-6.4
-21.1

-.3
2.8
.9
15.4

1.5
-1.5
-1.9
1.4

.5
3.1
4.0
-2.3

1.2
-2.1
-2.7
1.2

12.1
-3.8
-4.0
-2.6

Construction supplies
Business supplies
Materials
Non-energy
Durable
Consumer parts
Equipment parts
Other
Nondurable
Textile
Paper
Chemical
Energy

Mining
Utilities
Electric
Natural gas

Apr.r

2020

Business equipment
Transit
Information processing
Industrial and other
Defense and space equipment

Other manufacturing (non-NAICS)

Mar.r

July ’20
to
July ’21

2019

M ARKET G ROUPS
Final products and nonindustrial supplies
Consumer goods
Durable
Automotive products
Home electronics
Appliances, furniture, carpeting
Miscellaneous goods
Nondurable
Non-energy
Foods and tobacco
Clothing
Chemical products
Paper products
Energy

Nondurable manufacturing
Food, beverage, and tobacco products
Textile and product mills
Apparel and leather
Paper
Printing and support
Petroleum and coal products
Chemicals
Plastics and rubber products

Monthly rate
2021
Feb.r

2018

Total IP

I NDUSTRY G ROUPS
Manufacturing
Manufacturing (NAICS)
Durable manufacturing
Wood products
Nonmetallic mineral products
Primary metals
Fabricated metal products
Machinery
Computer and electronic products
Electrical equip., appliances,
and components
Motor vehicles and parts
Aerospace and miscellaneous
transportation equipment
Furniture and related products
Miscellaneous

Annual rate
2020 2021
Q4
Q1r
Q2r

31–33

r Revised. p Preliminary.
1. The proportion data are the relative weights for the rates of change for each series in the computation of the change in total industrial production in the following year.
Note. Under the industry groups, the figures to the right of the series descriptions are 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) codes. The abbreviation pt denotes part of a
NAICS code. Additional industry detail is available on the Board’s website (www.federalreserve.gov/releases/G17/20210817/default sup.htm). Under market groups, in the products category,
miscellaneous consumer nondurables, oil and gas well drilling, and manufactured homes are not shown separately; in the nondurable materials category, containers and miscellaneous nondurable
materials are not shown separately.

7

Table 2
I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION : S PECIAL AGGREGATES AND S ELECTED D ETAIL
Percent change, seasonally adjusted

Fourth quarter to
fourth quarter
Item

Annual rate
2021
Q1r
Q2r

2020
proportion

2018

2019

2020

2020
Q4

100.00

2.7

-2.1

-4.3

8.2

3.9

24.65
5.50
2.69
.50
5.11
10.84

8.4
2.8
2.5
27.8
4.8
12.7

-.4
-2.5
.3
-11.1
-2.7
2.1

-11.8
-6.6
-9.5
-48.3
-4.5
-15.9

-2.8
-17.3
6.8
104.9
-8.8
5.0

75.35

.7

-2.7

-1.9

3341
3342

2.17
.28
.60

5.0
29.0
12.2

6.1
12.2
4.3

3344

1.29

-.7

73.18

Monthly rate
2021
Feb.r

Mar.

6.1

-3.0

2.8

8.3
10.2
11.7
135.4
7.8
3.1

14.9
10.5
10.8
41.5
5.1
22.1

-1.5
5.3
-.6
5.2
4.4
-8.2

11.5

2.7

3.3

9.2
19.0
13.0

19.6
30.3
18.0

13.3
5.7
23.7

5.6

5.9

18.1

.6

-3.0

-2.3

4.89
2.46
2.00

5.9
11.0
2.9

-8.4
-8.5
-8.1

68.29
20.00
7.79
4.96
7.58
25.14

.1
-.8
-.8
.7
.4
.6

Measures excluding selected
high-technology industries
Total industry
Manufacturing1
Durable

97.83
73.72
36.12

Measures excluding motor vehicles
and parts
Total industry
Manufacturing1
Durable

r

r

r

p

June

.0

.8

.2

.9

6.6

1.7
-2.9
-.7
1.2
-8.6
10.6

2.0
2.1
3.0
2.8
6.3
-.3

.3
.1
-.1
4.3
-2.4
1.4

2.1
1.7
.9
1.9
4.0
1.7

-.5
-1.7
-.1
6.1
-1.8
.2

4.5
-2.1
6.4
79.4
-2.0
9.0

-3.5

3.2

-.6

1.0

-.5

1.5

7.0

10.9
11.1
11.3

1.0
.1
1.4

1.4
1.1
1.2

.6
1.1
.8

.9
-1.0
.6

.4
4.4
.5

.0
-2.4
.3

12.1
14.3
14.3

10.4

10.6

1.0

1.5

.4

1.5

-.6

.4

10.6

11.2

2.4

3.1

-3.7

3.2

-.6

1.0

-.5

1.5

6.9

2.8
3.3
.6

-5.4
-14.1
.7

-17.6
-31.7
-5.5

-22.8
-29.8
-12.2

-10.7
-16.2
-5.0

4.0
7.1
2.4

-7.6
-10.2
-4.8

7.2
10.6
4.0

-5.9
-9.3
-2.3

11.2
19.3
3.7

-6.9
-12.9
-1.7

-2.5
-.4
-4.0
-2.4
-4.7
-4.2

-2.6
-.3
-10.8
-.4
-4.1
-2.1

12.8
8.7
11.3
19.0
14.8
14.6

4.1
5.7
13.3
4.0
-2.2
-.2

5.3
1.0
2.8
-1.8
5.2
11.5

-3.1
-2.6
-1.9
-3.9
-2.2
-4.3

3.2
2.2
2.5
4.7
2.7
4.0

-.1
-.4
-1.1
-1.4
-.5
1.0

.6
.5
.9
-.6
1.3
.8

-.1
-.5
.3
-1.1
-.5
.1

.8
.4
1.6
.9
1.0
.7

8.1
5.3
11.5
6.3
7.6
9.0

2.6
.5
2.2

-2.3
-2.8
-3.8

-4.6
-2.9
-3.4

7.9
10.8
10.5

3.7
2.5
6.2

6.0
4.9
-1.7

-3.1
-3.8
-3.4

2.9
3.4
2.8

.0
-.3
-1.7

.8
1.1
1.2

.2
-.3
-.5

.9
1.4
2.5

6.4
7.2
7.1

95.11
71.00
33.41

2.5
.2
1.8

-1.8
-2.1
-2.4

-4.7
-2.9
-3.4

9.2
12.6
14.2

5.3
4.5
11.0

7.9
7.4
2.7

-2.6
-3.1
-1.9

2.8
3.3
2.6

.5
.2
-.7

.5
.7
.3

.5
.1
.4

.4
.7
1.1

7.5
8.6
10.1

Measures excluding selected
high-technology industries
and motor vehicles and parts
Total industry
Manufacturing1

92.93
68.83

2.4
.1

-2.0
-2.4

-5.0
-3.3

8.9
12.3

5.2
4.3

7.9
7.3

-2.7
-3.3

2.8
3.4

.4
.2

.5
.6

.5
.1

.4
.7

7.3
8.5

Stage-of-process components
of non-energy materials,
measures of the input to
Finished processors
Primary and semifinished processors

9.29
18.15

2.0
.0

-4.4
-4.3

-1.9
-1.5

11.8
15.1

6.8
-3.8

.6
14.8

-2.4
-5.3

2.7
4.6

-1.8
1.8

1.8
.7

-.4
.1

1.9
.4

8.2
8.6

Energy
Consumer products
Commercial products
Oil and gas well drilling
Converted fuel
Primary energy

213111

Non-energy
Selected high-technology industries
Computers and peripheral equipment
Communications equipment
Semiconductors and related
electronic components
Excluding selected high-technology
industries
Motor vehicles and parts
Motor vehicles
Motor vehicle parts

3361–3
3361
3363

Excluding motor vehicles and parts
Consumer goods
Business equipment
Construction supplies
Business supplies
Materials

July

July ’20
to
July ’21

May

Total industry

Apr.

r

r Revised. p Preliminary.
1. The composition of manufacturing is specified in a note for the summary table.

Table 3
M OTOR V EHICLE A SSEMBLIES
Millions of units, seasonally adjusted annual rate

2020
average

2020
Q3

Q4

2021
Q1

Q2

2021
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Total
Autos
Trucks
Light
Medium and heavy

8.82
1.92
6.90
6.66
.24

11.25
2.44
8.81
8.53
.28

10.79
2.23
8.56
8.25
.30

9.71
1.77
7.95
7.66
.29

9.04
1.57
7.48
7.21
.27

8.89
1.68
7.21
6.95
.26

9.53
1.45
8.08
7.77
.31

8.58
1.58
7.00
6.74
.25

9.72
1.67
8.05
7.75
.31

8.83
1.44
7.38
7.13
.25

9.70
1.73
7.97
7.67
.30

Memo
Autos and light trucks

8.58

10.97

10.49

9.43

8.77

8.63

9.22

8.33

9.41

8.57

9.40

Item

Note. Seasonal factors and underlying data for auto, light truck, and medium and heavy truck production are available on the Board’s website, www.federalreserve.gov/releases/G17/mvsf.htm

8

Table 4
I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION I NDEXES : M ARKET AND I NDUSTRY G ROUP S UMMARY
2017 = 100, seasonally adjusted

2020
proportion

2020
Nov.

Dec.

2021
Jan.

Feb.r

Mar.r

Apr.r

Mayr

Juner

Julyp

100.00

97.2

98.3

99.4

96.4

99.1

99.2

100.0

100.2

101.1

56.60
28.38
6.01
3.24
.16
.94
1.67
22.37
16.87
9.94
.20
5.33
.97
5.50

96.6
98.3
104.9
107.1
153.6
98.4
100.1
96.4
97.5
98.8
94.3
97.3
86.1
92.6

98.0
100.4
105.3
106.8
155.5
100.1
101.3
99.0
98.9
100.2
95.5
99.4
84.6
99.0

99.1
100.8
107.8
107.9
156.1
108.4
103.4
98.8
99.7
101.5
98.2
99.2
84.6
95.9

97.0
98.7
100.1
96.7
156.6
102.9
101.3
98.2
97.2
97.4
96.5
98.5
86.7
100.9

98.9
99.9
102.1
99.4
157.1
99.8
104.6
99.2
99.5
100.6
97.5
99.7
87.6
98.0

98.3
99.4
99.0
93.6
161.3
98.8
105.5
99.4
99.0
99.1
97.2
101.6
85.2
100.1

99.1
100.3
102.3
99.5
161.7
99.6
105.0
99.7
99.5
99.1
100.3
102.9
84.8
100.2

98.8
99.8
99.8
93.8
169.1
101.1
106.0
99.7
98.9
98.3
99.6
102.5
84.3
101.9

100.1
100.8
105.6
104.0
166.3
101.6
106.5
99.5
99.1
98.8
99.4
102.4
84.8
100.2

9.20
2.12
2.09
4.99
2.80

91.2
71.2
112.4
95.6
120.0

91.7
71.4
112.5
96.5
117.4

94.0
73.6
113.3
99.1
124.3

91.3
69.7
112.2
96.9
125.2

94.0
70.3
115.3
100.7
128.8

92.2
65.0
115.8
100.5
127.0

93.8
66.4
119.3
101.6
125.9

93.2
65.1
120.0
101.1
129.0

95.8
70.2
121.6
102.2
131.3

4.98
10.67

98.7
93.5

99.9
94.3

101.0
94.6

97.1
93.0

101.6
94.7

100.2
95.1

99.6
96.0

98.5
95.9

99.5
96.6

43.40
27.45
16.71
2.46
4.86
9.39
10.74
.35
1.63
5.27
15.95

97.7
95.5
95.1
91.2
100.5
93.5
96.1
88.0
89.9
94.9
100.4

98.5
95.9
95.6
93.4
100.6
93.8
96.3
91.1
89.3
95.2
102.0

99.6
96.9
97.2
95.9
103.1
94.5
96.6
90.4
88.2
95.7
103.3

95.4
92.8
95.3
90.4
102.2
93.3
88.7
90.3
86.4
81.4
99.1

99.2
96.4
97.6
91.7
104.8
95.8
94.5
93.6
90.8
89.8
103.0

100.2
97.0
96.0
87.2
104.0
94.6
98.4
94.9
90.2
98.2
104.7

100.9
98.0
96.9
89.5
105.5
94.9
99.6
94.6
91.9
100.5
105.0

101.8
97.9
96.9
89.5
105.5
94.8
99.5
93.3
90.3
101.1
107.5

102.2
98.8
98.2
92.8
106.9
95.6
99.7
95.1
91.2
101.4
107.1

321
327
331
332
333
334

75.90
73.88
38.14
1.71
2.29
2.28
5.95
5.40
4.96

96.2
96.7
97.9
95.9
97.8
91.5
95.5
98.5
112.1

96.8
97.3
98.3
99.4
100.9
90.3
95.4
99.1
112.3

98.2
98.8
100.5
99.1
99.7
91.6
97.4
103.7
113.1

94.6
95.0
97.3
95.5
94.9
91.6
94.8
101.0
112.6

97.7
98.2
100.0
99.3
97.6
93.9
98.7
103.8
115.3

97.4
98.0
98.4
98.4
96.5
97.4
97.1
103.5
115.8

98.5
99.1
99.6
98.5
94.2
95.8
98.2
104.4
118.9

98.2
98.8
99.1
98.2
94.6
97.2
97.6
104.4
119.6

99.5
100.2
101.4
98.3
95.5
98.4
97.2
106.4
120.8

335
3361–3

1.85
4.89

97.2
101.2

98.1
100.8

101.5
101.5

99.1
90.7

101.7
94.3

102.1
87.2

101.6
93.4

99.7
87.9

102.0
97.8

3364–9
337
339

4.76
1.23
2.82

88.7
90.1
98.2

88.2
91.4
99.0

93.1
93.3
101.2

93.3
90.4
99.0

94.1
89.8
101.9

91.2
89.2
101.0

89.7
91.4
101.8

91.9
91.9
101.3

93.7
92.5
102.8

311,2
313,4
315,6
322
323
324
325
326

35.75
12.42
.63
.22
2.40
1.34
3.34
11.85
3.53

95.2
99.9
88.3
94.5
95.4
87.6
85.7
94.5
95.7

96.3
101.0
90.7
95.5
94.9
88.2
88.5
95.2
96.6

96.9
102.1
91.4
98.7
93.2
87.0
91.7
95.1
98.3

92.4
98.4
91.3
97.0
92.4
85.5
85.2
87.8
97.5

96.2
101.5
93.8
97.9
96.1
87.8
94.5
92.4
96.3

97.5
100.2
94.4
97.7
95.5
88.1
95.8
97.3
95.5

98.5
100.2
93.4
100.7
95.8
90.6
96.1
99.7
96.4

98.4
99.4
92.5
99.8
93.8
92.4
96.6
99.7
97.7

98.7
99.5
94.0
99.6
94.7
92.5
96.0
100.0
99.6

1133,5111

2.01

80.3

78.4

78.4

80.3

82.0

78.7

78.0

78.4

78.5

21
2211,2
2211
2212

12.17
11.94
10.29
1.64

100.3
97.8
98.2
94.9

100.4
103.5
102.7
108.4

103.3
100.8
100.6
101.3

94.2
108.3
106.6
118.0

105.3
99.0
99.9
93.1

105.0
101.8
100.8
107.4

106.6
100.3
98.8
108.9

107.2
103.3
102.8
106.4

108.4
101.2
100.0
107.6

Item
Total IP
M ARKET G ROUPS
Final products and nonindustrial supplies
Consumer goods
Durable
Automotive products
Home electronics
Appliances, furniture, carpeting
Miscellaneous goods
Nondurable
Non-energy
Foods and tobacco
Clothing
Chemical products
Paper products
Energy
Business equipment
Transit
Information processing
Industrial and other
Defense and space equipment
Construction supplies
Business supplies
Materials
Non-energy
Durable
Consumer parts
Equipment parts
Other
Nondurable
Textile
Paper
Chemical
Energy
I NDUSTRY G ROUPS
Manufacturing
Manufacturing (NAICS)
Durable manufacturing
Wood products
Nonmetallic mineral products
Primary metals
Fabricated metal products
Machinery
Computer and electronic products
Electrical equip., appliances,
and components
Motor vehicles and parts
Aerospace and miscellaneous
transportation equipment
Furniture and related products
Miscellaneous
Nondurable manufacturing
Food, beverage, and tobacco products
Textile and product mills
Apparel and leather
Paper
Printing and support
Petroleum and coal products
Chemicals
Plastics and rubber products
Other manufacturing (non-NAICS)
Mining
Utilities
Electric
Natural gas

31–33

r Revised. p Preliminary.
Note. Refer to the notes for table 1.

9

Table 5
I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION I NDEXES : S PECIAL AGGREGATES
2017 = 100, seasonally adjusted

2020
proportion

2020
Nov.

Dec.

2021
Jan.

Feb.r

Mar.r

Apr.r

Mayr

Juner

Julyp

100.00

97.2

98.3

99.4

96.4

99.1

99.2

100.0

100.2

101.1

24.65
5.50
2.69
.50
5.11
10.84

96.9
92.6
93.4
60.5
97.1
101.4

99.9
99.0
96.2
67.2
102.1
101.4

100.3
95.9
97.4
73.8
102.0
103.3

98.9
100.9
96.8
77.6
106.4
94.9

100.6
98.0
96.1
78.6
97.3
104.9

102.6
100.1
99.1
80.7
103.5
104.6

102.8
100.2
98.9
84.2
101.0
106.1

105.0
101.9
99.9
85.8
105.0
107.9

104.4
100.2
99.8
91.1
103.1
108.2

75.35

96.8

97.4

98.7

95.3

98.3

97.7

98.7

98.3

99.7

3341
3342

2.17
.28
.60

127.2
169.8
142.7

128.0
171.1
144.7

129.6
170.5
148.5

130.9
170.7
150.6

132.7
172.6
152.4

133.5
174.5
153.7

134.7
172.7
154.7

135.2
180.3
155.4

135.2
175.9
156.0

3344

1.29

115.6

115.9

117.1

118.2

120.0

120.5

122.3

121.6

122.1

73.18

96.0

96.5

97.9

94.3

97.3

96.7

97.7

97.2

98.7

4.89
2.46
2.00

101.2
106.3
95.4

100.8
104.8
96.2

101.5
104.2
96.5

90.7
87.3
91.7

94.3
93.5
93.9

87.2
83.9
89.4

93.4
92.8
92.9

87.9
84.1
90.8

97.8
100.4
94.1

68.29
20.00
7.79
4.96
7.58
25.14

95.6
97.9
86.9
98.5
92.2
95.1

96.2
99.2
87.8
99.7
92.4
95.4

97.6
100.6
90.1
100.9
92.4
96.5

94.6
97.9
88.5
96.9
90.4
92.3

97.6
100.0
90.7
101.5
92.8
96.0

97.5
99.6
89.8
100.1
92.4
97.0

98.1
100.1
90.6
99.5
93.6
97.8

98.0
99.6
90.8
98.4
93.1
97.9

98.8
99.9
92.3
99.3
94.1
98.6

97.83
73.72
36.12

96.5
95.3
96.2

97.7
95.9
96.5

98.8
97.3
98.8

95.7
93.6
95.4

98.4
96.8
98.1

98.5
96.5
96.4

99.3
97.5
97.6

99.5
97.2
97.1

100.4
98.5
99.5

95.11
71.00
33.41

96.9
95.8
97.3

98.1
96.4
97.8

99.3
97.9
100.2

96.7
94.8
98.3

99.4
98.0
100.9

99.8
98.2
100.2

100.3
98.8
100.5

100.9
98.9
100.8

101.3
99.6
101.9

92.93
68.83

96.2
94.8

97.4
95.5

98.6
97.0

95.9
93.8

98.6
97.0

99.1
97.2

99.6
97.8

100.1
97.9

100.5
98.6

9.29
18.15

95.4
95.5

96.1
95.8

97.8
96.4

95.5
91.4

98.0
95.6

96.2
97.3

97.9
98.0

97.6
98.0

99.5
98.5

Item
Total industry
Energy
Consumer products
Commercial products
Oil and gas well drilling
Converted fuel
Primary energy

213111

Non-energy
Selected high-technology industries
Computers and peripheral equipment
Communications equipment
Semiconductors and related
electronic components
Excluding selected high-technology
industries
Motor vehicles and parts
Motor vehicles
Motor vehicle parts

3361–3
3361
3363

Excluding motor vehicles and parts
Consumer goods
Business equipment
Construction supplies
Business supplies
Materials

Measures excluding selected high-technology
industries
Total industry
Manufacturing1
Durable
Measures excluding motor vehicles and parts
Total industry
Manufacturing1
Durable
Measures excluding selected high-technology
industries and motor vehicles and parts
Total industry
Manufacturing1

Stage-of-process components of non-energy
materials, measures of the input to
Finished processors
Primary and semifinished processors

r Revised. p Preliminary.
1. The composition of manufacturing is specified in a note for the summary table.

Table 6
D IFFUSION I NDEXES OF I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION
Percent

Item
One month earlier
2019
2020
2021
Three months earlier
2019
2020
2021
Six months earlier
2019
2020
2021

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

43.6
59.8
65.9

42.2
56.1
33.8

48.6
25.3
75.3

43.2
11.8
51.5

55.4
57.8
58.4

52.0
72.6
45.6

42.9
73.6

57.4
65.9

43.6
60.5

35.1
69.3

57.8
62.3

53.0
60.0

39.9
63.9
70.6

32.8
57.4
50.0

41.6
33.1
61.5

38.9
13.2
53.0

45.6
13.2
68.2

49.0
29.1
49.3

46.3
75.3

47.0
83.1

41.6
80.4

44.6
74.7

41.9
68.6

45.9
69.3

40.2
55.1
77.0

34.5
53.7
61.8

34.1
34.8
71.6

30.1
15.5
65.2

40.5
17.2
63.9

41.6
23.3
62.5

36.8
30.7

45.6
33.8

43.6
46.3

39.9
83.1

42.9
87.2

45.3
82.4

Note. The diffusion indexes are calculated as the percentage of series that increased over the indicated span (one, three, or six months) plus one-half the percentage that were unchanged.

10

Table 7
C APACITY U TILIZATION
Percent of capacity, seasonally adjusted

2020
proportion

19722020
ave.

199495
high

2009
low

2020
Q4

2021
Q1r

Q2r

2021
Feb.r

Mar.r

Apr.r

Mayr

Juner

Julyp

100.00

79.6

85.1

66.6

73.4

74.1

75.2

72.7

74.7

74.7

75.3

75.4

76.1

31–33

77.93
75.66

78.2
78.1

84.7
84.8

63.5
63.4

74.0
74.2

74.5
74.7

75.4
75.7

72.8
72.9

75.2
75.4

75.0
75.2

75.8
76.0

75.5
75.8

76.6
76.8

321
327
331
332
333
334

40.62
1.49
2.42
2.61
5.94
5.52
5.29

76.8
76.7
73.4
77.7
77.6
77.6
77.4

83.8
86.5
82.5
94.4
84.7
87.4
84.5

58.3
48.0
44.5
49.6
62.2
59.0
70.2

73.0
78.8
72.1
65.4
74.0
76.2
73.5

74.2
79.7
71.7
67.1
75.5
79.3
74.2

74.0
79.9
70.3
70.5
76.1
80.4
76.3

72.8
77.6
69.9
66.5
73.8
77.9
73.5

74.8
80.7
72.0
68.3
76.9
80.1
75.0

73.6
80.0
71.3
70.8
75.7
79.9
75.1

74.4
80.0
69.6
69.8
76.6
80.6
76.8

74.0
79.7
70.0
70.8
76.1
80.7
77.0

75.8
79.8
70.7
71.7
75.8
82.3
77.5

335
3361–3

1.89
5.80

81.6
75.1

92.7
87.7

66.9
33.1

74.5
73.6

77.4
70.1

78.0
65.8

76.1
66.6

78.2
69.3

78.6
64.0

78.4
68.6

77.1
64.6

78.9
71.9

3364–9
337
339

5.67
1.17
2.83

74.2
77.1
76.7

71.3
82.7
81.0

72.4
56.2
68.2

66.2
79.6
77.4

70.2
80.2
79.3

68.4
80.1
79.2

70.1
79.6
78.0

70.6
79.1
80.1

68.5
78.7
79.2

67.4
80.6
79.5

69.1
81.1
78.9

70.5
81.7
79.8

311,2
313,4
315,6
322
323
324
325
326

35.04
12.20
.73
.24
2.14
1.43
3.08
11.91
3.32

79.9
80.3
78.3
76.2
86.7
79.4
84.7
76.6
82.0

86.1
85.3
91.7
87.8
92.6
85.4
91.2
82.1
93.2

68.8
75.3
54.3
59.5
72.7
58.7
76.1
64.8
57.1

75.5
76.5
65.3
74.6
84.0
71.5
70.1
73.9
81.4

75.3
77.0
67.2
77.0
83.1
70.6
73.4
71.7
82.2

77.6
76.2
68.2
78.7
83.9
73.6
78.1
77.5
81.1

73.1
75.2
66.6
76.3
81.8
69.6
69.2
68.6
82.3

76.1
77.6
68.4
77.2
85.0
71.5
76.7
72.3
81.2

77.1
76.5
68.9
77.2
84.4
71.8
77.8
76.2
80.4

77.9
76.4
68.2
79.7
84.5
73.8
78.0
78.2
81.0

77.8
75.7
67.6
79.2
82.7
75.3
78.4
78.3
81.9

78.0
75.7
68.7
79.2
83.4
75.5
77.9
78.5
83.5

1133,5111

2.27

79.5

83.2

65.4

66.7

67.6

66.9

67.6

69.4

66.9

66.6

67.3

67.7

21
2211,2

10.52
11.54

86.2
85.0

88.3
93.2

78.3
78.0

69.6
73.4

71.2
74.5

75.2
73.3

66.4
78.5

74.4
71.6

74.3
73.5

75.5
72.3

75.9
74.3

76.9
72.6

3341
3342

2.28
.29
.71

77.4
78.0
75.5

86.4
87.5
86.2

71.6
84.3
76.6

77.9
81.8
64.9

79.3
83.3
67.4

79.8
85.4
68.4

79.2
83.0
67.5

79.8
84.0
68.0

79.8
84.9
68.3

79.9
83.9
68.4

79.6
87.5
68.5

79.0
85.2
68.5

3344

1.28

78.9

92.0

63.5

84.5

85.1

84.8

84.9

85.5

85.0

85.4

83.9

83.3

Measures excluding selected
high-technology industries
Total industry
Manufacturing1

97.72
75.65

79.7
78.2

85.0
84.6

66.3
63.0

73.3
73.8

74.0
74.4

75.0
75.3

72.5
72.6

74.6
75.1

74.6
74.8

75.2
75.6

75.3
75.4

76.0
76.4

S TAGE - OF - PROCESS GROUPS
Crude
Primary and semifinished
Finished

13.84
45.82
40.34

85.4
80.2
76.8

89.7
87.9
80.7

76.5
63.5
66.5

72.4
73.3
73.9

71.5
74.2
75.1

76.5
74.7
75.2

66.4
74.0
73.7

73.9
74.2
75.7

75.1
74.6
74.8

77.1
74.5
75.6

77.4
75.0
75.2

78.1
75.1
76.6

Item

Total industry
1

Manufacturing
Manufacturing (NAICS)
Durable manufacturing
Wood products
Nonmetallic mineral products
Primary metals
Fabricated metal products
Machinery
Computer and electronic products
Electrical equip., appliances,
and components
Motor vehicles and parts
Aerospace and miscellaneous
transportation equipment
Furniture and related products
Miscellaneous
Nondurable manufacturing
Food, beverage, and tobacco products
Textile and product mills
Apparel and leather
Paper
Printing and support
Petroleum and coal products
Chemicals
Plastics and rubber products
Other manufacturing (non-NAICS)
Mining
Utilities

Selected high-technology industries
Computers and peripheral equipment
Communications equipment
Semiconductors and related
electronic components

r Revised. p Preliminary.
1. The composition of manufacturing is specified in a note for the summary table.

11

Table 8
I NDUSTRIAL C APACITY
Percent change

Average annual rate
19721980198979
88
94

Item

Total industry

Fourth quarter to fourth quarter
19952021

2018

2019

2020

2021

2020
Q4

Annual rate
2021
Q1
Q2

Q3

Monthly
rate
2021
July

3.1

1.9

2.3

1.7

.5

1.4

-.1

.4

-.2

.0

.3

.5

.0

Manufacturing

3.2

2.2

2.6

1.6

.1

.2

-.7

.1

-.5

-.3

.0

.3

.0

Mining
Utilities

.7
4.4

.2
2.2

-.6
1.8

1.3
1.7

2.9
.6

7.4
1.7

.3
2.9

-1.1
2.6

-2.0
2.9

-2.0
2.7

-1.5
2.5

-.7
2.5

-.1
.2

18.6

16.6

16.1

16.6

6.4

10.4

3.1

8.2

3.3

5.6

8.0

9.6

.8

2.6

1.3

1.6

.5

-.1

-.2

-.8

-.1

-.7

-.4

-.2

.0

.0

1.5
3.0
3.9

.5
1.3
3.2

-.4
2.5
2.8

1.1
1.8
1.5

1.3
-.3
1.2

5.2
.3
.5

.1
-.1
-.4

-.5
.6
.1

-1.3
.1
-.5

-1.3
.4
-.2

-.8
.6
.0

-.2
.8
.2

.0
.1
.0

1

Selected high-technology industries
Manufacturing1 ex. selected
high-technology industries

S TAGE - OF - PROCESS GROUPS
Crude
Primary and semifinished
Finished

1. The composition of manufacturing is specified in a note for the summary table.

Table 9
G ROSS VALUE OF F INAL P RODUCTS AND N ONINDUSTRIAL S UPPLIES
Billions of 2012 dollars at annual rate, seasonally adjusted

Item
Final products and nonindustrial
supplies
Final products
Consumer goods
Durable
Automotive products
Other durable goods
Nondurable
Equipment, total
Business and defense
Business
Defense and space
Nonindustrial supplies
Construction supplies
Business supplies
Commercial energy products

2012

2020

2020
Q4

2021
Q1r

Q2r

2021
Feb.r

Mar.r

Apr.r

Mayr

Juner

Julyp

4,006.0

3,811.0

3,963.9

3,991.9

4,006.0

3,913.5

4,013.9

3,984.3

4,027.1

4,006.6

4,084.9

2,985.7
2,176.0
415.6
269.2
146.4
1,760.4

2,831.8
2,151.9
450.5
302.9
150.0
1,703.5

2,962.0
2,236.9
518.3
359.6
158.0
1,707.6

2,981.3
2,237.9
493.3
331.9
164.0
1,737.7

2,979.0
2,242.9
467.0
308.4
162.8
1,773.3

2,923.2
2,193.8
469.0
311.1
161.6
1,720.6

2,995.9
2,247.0
481.3
322.0
162.3
1,761.2

2,958.9
2,227.7
458.2
300.5
162.4
1,767.8

2,997.5
2,257.5
483.1
323.9
162.0
1,770.2

2,980.6
2,243.3
459.7
300.7
164.0
1,781.9

3,051.9
2,284.1
511.5
347.6
165.3
1,766.1

809.8
774.5
645.7
128.8

683.4
666.9
530.1
134.2

728.2
716.5
574.9
139.2

746.8
730.7
578.8
148.8

739.1
720.9
568.0
149.7

732.7
716.4
565.1
148.2

752.4
735.6
579.8
152.5

734.1
716.6
563.2
150.1

743.0
724.7
574.4
147.4

740.3
721.4
566.4
151.5

771.8
751.9
593.9
154.8

1,020.3
243.9
776.4
274.9

979.3
255.6
721.4
266.3

1,003.4
264.8
735.7
267.7

1,012.0
267.5
741.6
277.1

1,027.4
265.9
759.4
287.0

991.6
260.1
729.0
273.0

1,019.2
271.6
744.3
275.2

1,025.5
268.1
755.0
285.9

1,030.1
266.3
761.8
286.3

1,026.5
263.2
761.5
288.8

1,034.5
265.6
767.2
290.0

r Revised. p Preliminary.

Table 10
G ROSS -VALUE -W EIGHTED I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION : S TAGE - OF -P ROCESS G ROUPS
Percent change, seasonally adjusted

Fourth quarter to
fourth quarter
Item

Finished
Semifinished
Primary
Crude

2020
gross value1

2018

2019

2020

2020
Q4

2,120.7
1,856.5
1,713.8
874.2

2.2
1.4
1.2
7.2

-1.4
-3.0
-3.7
-2.5

-2.3
-2.6
-8.1
-7.9

5.3
7.5
3.2
14.7

r Revised. p Preliminary.
1. Billions of 2012 dollars.

12

Annual rate
2021
Q1r
Q2r
1.2
7.3
2.4
-12.8

-5.2
-3.2
21.4
31.7

Monthly rate
2021
Feb.r

Mar.

-4.7
-.1
-2.8
-11.9

2.9
.8
1.9
11.0

r

Apr.

r

-2.2
-1.6
4.3
2.3

r

r

May

June

1.7
.2
-.2
3.1

-1.5
.3
1.5
.1

p

July

4.2
.5
-.6
.5

July ’20
to
July ’21
3.7
3.8
6.9
9.8

Table 11
H ISTORICAL S TATISTICS FOR I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION , C APACITY, AND U TILIZATION : Total Industry
Seasonally adjusted

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Annual

IP (percent
change)1
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003

.4
-.1
-.6
.7
.8

.6
.4
-.7
.0
.1

.2
.4
-.2
.8
-.3

.2
.6
-.3
.5
-.6

.6
.3
-.6
.4
.0

-.1
.1
-.6
.8
.1

.6
-.2
-.6
.0
.5

.4
-.3
-.1
-.1
-.2

-.4
.4
-.5
.1
.7

1.3
-.4
-.3
-.3
.1

.5
.0
-.6
.6
.7

.8
-.3
.0
-.5
.1

4.6
4.1
-5.1
2.9
2.5

3.8
5.0
-5.0
6.4
-3.0

3.6
-.4
-5.5
2.5
2.8

7.3
-1.1
-4.3
-.2
3.9

4.4
3.8
-3.1
.3
1.3

2004
2005
2006
2007
2008

.2
.4
.1
-.4
-.1

.6
.7
.0
1.0
-.4

-.4
-.2
.3
.2
-.3

.4
.2
.3
.7
-.7

.7
.1
.0
.1
-.6

-.8
.4
.3
.0
-.2

.7
-.3
-.1
-.1
-.5

.1
.4
.4
.2
-1.6

.1
-1.9
-.2
.2
-4.3

.9
1.2
-.1
-.3
.9

.2
1.1
-.1
.6
-1.3

.7
.5
1.0
.0
-2.8

2.8
5.8
3.8
4.0
-1.3

2.3
2.2
2.4
5.0
-5.8

2.3
-1.7
1.5
.6
-12.4

5.8
3.6
.9
1.2
-16.1

2.7
3.4
2.2
2.6
-3.5

2009
2010
2011
2012
2013

-2.5
1.1
-.2
.6
.0

-.7
.3
-.4
.3
.5

-1.6
.7
1.0
-.5
.4

-.8
.4
-.3
.8
-.1

-1.0
1.4
.2
.2
.1

-.3
.2
.3
.0
.1

1.1
.4
.5
.2
-.3

1.1
.3
.6
-.4
.6

.8
.2
-.1
-.1
.6

.3
-.2
.6
.3
-.1

.4
.0
.0
.5
.3

.3
1.0
.5
.2
.2

-20.8
8.0
2.1
3.9
2.9

-10.8
8.2
1.5
2.6
1.9

6.5
5.4
4.6
-.1
1.6

6.4
1.6
4.0
2.1
2.7

-11.5
5.5
3.1
3.0
2.0

2014
2015
2016
2017
2018

-.3
-.7
.7
-.2
.0

.8
-.6
-.5
-.4
.3

1.0
-.3
-.8
.8
.6

.1
-.6
.3
.9
1.1

.4
-.4
-.2
.1
-.8

.3
-.3
.4
.2
.7

.3
.7
.2
-.1
.2

-.2
-.3
-.2
-.5
.6

.3
-.3
-.1
.0
.0

.0
-.4
.1
1.2
-.1

.7
-.7
-.4
.3
-.1

-.1
-.6
.7
.1
.0

2.9
-4.2
-2.3
.6
2.2

5.4
-5.5
-1.6
5.9
5.3

2.4
.0
1.0
-1.1
3.4

2.3
-5.5
-.6
5.4
-.1

3.0
-1.4
-2.2
1.3
3.2

2019
2020
2021

-.5
-.5
1.1

-.6
.2
-3.0

.1
-3.8
2.8

-.6
-13.6
.0

.2
1.9
.8

-.1
6.2
.2

-.3
4.1
.9

.6
1.1

-.4
-.3

-.8
1.1

.5
.5

-.4
1.2

-3.6
-6.7
3.9

-2.3
-42.4
6.1

.0
44.5

-2.6
8.2

-.8
-7.2

IP (2017=100)
2019
2020
2021

103.3
101.1
99.4

102.7
101.3
96.4

102.9
97.4
99.1

102.3
84.2
99.2

102.5
85.8
100.0

102.4
91.2
100.2

102.1
94.9
101.1

102.7
95.9

102.3
95.6

101.5
96.6

102.0
97.2

101.6
98.3

103.0
100.0
98.3

102.4
87.1
99.8

102.4
95.5

101.7
97.4

102.3
95.0

Capacity
(percent of
2017 output)
2019
2020
2021

131.3
132.8
132.6

131.5
132.8
132.6

131.7
132.8
132.7

131.9
132.8
132.7

132.1
132.8
132.7

132.2
132.7
132.8

132.4
132.7
132.8

132.5
132.7

132.6
132.7

132.7
132.6

132.7
132.6

132.8
132.6

131.5
132.8
132.6

132.1
132.8
132.7

132.5
132.7

132.7
132.6

132.2
132.7

Utilization
(percent)
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003

82.0
82.2
79.3
74.0
75.9

82.1
82.2
78.5
73.9
76.1

81.9
82.2
78.1
74.4
75.9

81.8
82.4
77.6
74.7
75.4

82.0
82.4
76.9
75.0
75.4

81.6
82.2
76.3
75.5
75.5

81.8
81.7
75.6
75.5
75.9

81.9
81.3
75.3
75.4
75.8

81.2
81.3
74.8
75.5
76.3

82.0
80.8
74.4
75.3
76.4

82.1
80.5
73.8
75.7
76.9

82.5
80.0
73.7
75.3
77.0

82.0
82.2
78.6
74.1
76.0

81.8
82.3
76.9
75.1
75.4

81.6
81.4
75.3
75.5
76.0

82.2
80.4
74.0
75.4
76.8

81.9
81.6
76.2
75.0
76.0

2004
2005
2006
2007
2008

77.1
80.0
80.6
80.0
80.9

77.6
80.5
80.5
80.6
80.6

77.3
80.3
80.6
80.5
80.4

77.7
80.4
80.8
80.9
79.9

78.2
80.4
80.6
80.8
79.5

77.6
80.6
80.7
80.7
79.3

78.2
80.2
80.5
80.5
79.0

78.3
80.4
80.7
80.6
77.7

78.4
78.7
80.4
80.7
74.3

79.1
79.6
80.1
80.5
74.9

79.2
80.3
79.9
80.9
73.9

79.8
80.6
80.5
80.9
71.7

77.4
80.3
80.6
80.4
80.6

77.8
80.5
80.7
80.8
79.6

78.3
79.8
80.6
80.6
77.0

79.4
80.2
80.2
80.8
73.5

78.2
80.2
80.5
80.6
77.7

2009
2010
2011
2012
2013

69.8
70.6
75.5
77.2
76.7

69.3
71.0
75.1
77.3
77.0

68.1
71.7
75.9
76.8
77.2

67.5
72.1
75.6
77.2
77.1

66.8
73.3
75.7
77.2
77.0

66.6
73.6
75.8
77.0
77.1

67.3
74.1
76.2
77.1
76.8

68.1
74.5
76.5
76.6
77.2

68.7
74.7
76.4
76.5
77.5

69.0
74.7
76.7
76.6
77.3

69.4
74.8
76.6
76.8
77.5

69.7
75.6
76.9
76.9
77.6

69.1
71.1
75.5
77.1
77.0

67.0
73.0
75.7
77.1
77.1

68.1
74.4
76.4
76.7
77.1

69.4
75.0
76.7
76.8
77.5

68.4
73.4
76.1
76.9
77.2

2014
2015
2016
2017
2018

77.3
78.6
75.9
75.2
77.9

77.8
78.0
75.5
74.9
78.2

78.5
77.8
74.9
75.5
78.7

78.5
77.3
75.1
76.3
79.5

78.7
76.9
74.9
76.5
78.8

78.9
76.6
75.2
76.6
79.4

79.0
77.2
75.4
76.6
79.5

78.8
77.0
75.2
76.3
79.9

78.9
76.7
75.1
76.5
79.8

78.9
76.4
75.1
77.5
79.5

79.3
75.8
74.8
77.8
79.4

79.2
75.4
75.3
77.9
79.2

77.8
78.1
75.4
75.2
78.3

78.7
76.9
75.1
76.5
79.3

78.9
76.9
75.2
76.5
79.7

79.1
75.9
75.1
77.7
79.4

78.6
77.0
75.2
76.5
79.2

2019
2020
2021

78.7
76.1
75.0

78.1
76.3
72.7

78.1
73.4
74.7

77.5
63.4
74.7

77.6
64.7
75.3

77.4
68.7
75.4

77.1
71.5
76.1

77.5
72.3

77.2
72.1

76.5
72.9

76.8
73.3

76.5
74.1

78.3
75.3
74.1

77.5
65.6
75.2

77.2
71.9

76.6
73.4

77.4
71.6

1. Quarterly percentage changes are at annual rates. Annual percentage changes are calculated from annual averages.

13

Table 12
H ISTORICAL S TATISTICS FOR I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION , C APACITY, AND U TILIZATION : Manufacturing1
Seasonally adjusted

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Annual

IP (percent
change)2
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003

.3
.0
-.5
.6
.8

.9
.3
-.7
.0
-.1

.0
.6
-.2
.7
.1

.3
.6
-.4
.3
-.8

.8
.0
-.6
.5
.0

-.2
.2
-.6
1.0
.5

.4
.1
-.5
-.1
.3

.6
-.6
-.4
.1
-.4

-.4
.5
-.4
.1
.9

1.5
-.4
-.5
-.4
.1

.7
-.3
-.4
.5
.8

.7
-.6
.2
-.6
.0

5.2
4.5
-5.9
3.5
2.0

4.3
4.9
-5.3
5.9
-2.4

3.2
-.4
-5.9
3.3
2.5

8.7
-2.7
-4.0
-.5
4.4

5.1
4.1
-3.7
.4
1.3

2004
2005
2006
2007
2008

-.1
.7
.8
-.4
-.2

.7
.9
-.3
.3
-.7

.0
-.5
.0
.9
-.4

.3
.4
.4
.7
-1.0

.7
.3
-.3
-.1
-.6

-.7
.1
.3
.3
-.7

.9
-.3
-.3
.0
-1.1

.5
.6
.7
-.3
-1.2

.0
-1.1
.1
.3
-3.4

1.0
1.4
-.5
-.2
-.7

.0
.9
.1
.5
-2.5

.7
.1
1.5
.1
-3.3

2.6
6.4
3.9
4.4
-2.5

3.3
2.5
.8
5.8
-8.2

4.0
-.6
1.0
.4
-13.7

5.5
6.1
1.5
1.2
-21.9

3.1
4.1
2.6
2.8
-4.8

2009
2010
2011
2012
2013

-3.2
1.1
.1
.8
-.3

-.1
-.1
.2
.3
.4

-1.9
1.3
.6
-.5
-.1

-.7
.8
-.5
.5
-.3

-1.1
1.3
.0
-.4
.3

-.2
.0
.1
.3
.1

1.6
.6
.6
-.2
-.8

1.1
.1
.5
-.1
.9

1.0
.0
.3
-.2
.1

.1
.1
.5
-.2
.1

1.0
.1
-.2
.6
.0

-.2
.5
.7
.7
-.2

-24.7
6.7
2.9
5.3
2.6

-10.5
10.5
-.2
.6
.1

8.6
4.3
4.4
-1.3
.1

7.1
1.5
3.8
1.1
1.6

-13.8
5.9
2.9
2.6
.9

2014
2015
2016
2017
2018

-1.0
-.5
.5
.3
-.4

.9
-.7
-.3
-.1
.9

.8
.3
-.1
-.3
.1

.0
.0
-.2
1.1
.6

.3
.0
.0
-.1
-.8

.3
-.4
.2
.0
.5

.5
.8
.2
-.2
.2

-.6
-.5
-.5
-.3
.2

.0
-.3
.2
.0
.0

-.1
-.1
.1
1.0
-.5

.7
-.3
-.1
.0
-.4

-.2
-.3
.0
-.2
.2

-1.0
-3.2
-.3
.3
.5

4.6
-.7
-1.3
3.2
2.7

1.6
.6
.1
-1.8
1.9

.2
-2.9
.1
3.6
-2.4

1.1
-.6
-.8
.6
1.3

2019
2020
2021

-.7
-.2
1.5

-.5
.0
-3.7

-.1
-4.4
3.4

-.8
-15.8
-.3

.1
4.6
1.1

.2
7.3
-.3

-.4
4.0
1.4

.5
1.6

-.6
.1

-.7
1.5

.7
.6

.0
.6

-4.3
-5.7
2.8

-3.5
-44.7
5.1

-.5
55.8

-1.9
11.1

-2.0
-6.6

IP (2017=100)
2019
2020
2021

100.6
98.7
98.2

100.0
98.7
94.6

99.9
94.3
97.7

99.2
79.4
97.4

99.2
83.1
98.5

99.4
89.1
98.2

99.0
92.7
99.5

99.5
94.1

98.9
94.2

98.2
95.6

98.9
96.2

98.9
96.8

100.2
97.2
96.8

99.3
83.8
98.0

99.2
93.7

98.7
96.2

99.3
92.7

Capacity
(percent of
2017 output)
2019
2020
2021

130.9
130.8
130.0

130.9
130.7
129.9

131.0
130.6
129.9

131.0
130.5
129.9

131.0
130.4
129.9

131.0
130.4
130.0

131.0
130.3
130.0

131.0
130.2

131.0
130.1

131.0
130.1

130.9
130.0

130.8
130.0

130.9
130.7
129.9

131.0
130.4
129.9

131.0
130.2

130.9
130.0

131.0
130.3

Utilization
(percent)
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003

80.8
80.8
76.9
72.1
74.0

81.1
80.7
76.1
72.0
73.9

80.7
80.9
75.7
72.4
73.9

80.6
81.0
75.2
72.6
73.4

80.9
80.7
74.5
73.0
73.4

80.3
80.5
73.9
73.7
73.7

80.3
80.3
73.3
73.6
74.0

80.5
79.4
72.9
73.6
73.7

79.8
79.5
72.5
73.7
74.3

80.7
78.9
72.0
73.4
74.4

80.9
78.4
71.6
73.8
75.1

81.1
77.6
71.7
73.4
75.1

80.9
80.8
76.3
72.2
73.9

80.6
80.8
74.5
73.1
73.5

80.2
79.7
72.9
73.6
74.0

80.9
78.3
71.8
73.5
74.9

80.6
79.9
73.9
73.1
74.1

2004
2005
2006
2007
2008

75.0
78.4
79.4
78.5
78.4

75.6
79.0
79.1
78.6
77.9

75.6
78.5
79.0
79.0
77.6

75.9
78.7
79.1
79.4
76.9

76.5
78.7
78.8
79.1
76.5

76.0
78.7
78.9
79.1
76.0

76.6
78.3
78.5
78.9
75.3

77.0
78.5
78.9
78.5
74.5

76.9
77.5
78.8
78.6
72.1

77.6
78.5
78.2
78.4
71.7

77.5
79.0
78.1
78.7
70.0

78.0
78.9
79.1
78.7
67.7

75.4
78.6
79.2
78.7
78.0

76.1
78.7
78.9
79.2
76.5

76.9
78.1
78.7
78.7
73.9

77.7
78.8
78.5
78.6
69.8

76.5
78.6
78.8
78.8
74.5

2009
2010
2011
2012
2013

65.7
67.8
72.4
74.9
74.4

65.7
67.8
72.6
75.1
74.6

64.5
68.8
73.1
74.6
74.5

64.2
69.5
72.8
74.9
74.3

63.6
70.5
72.8
74.6
74.5

63.5
70.6
72.9
74.7
74.6

64.6
71.2
73.3
74.4
74.0

65.4
71.4
73.6
74.2
74.6

66.1
71.5
73.8
74.0
74.7

66.2
71.7
74.1
73.8
74.8

67.0
71.9
73.9
74.2
74.8

67.0
72.3
74.4
74.6
74.7

65.3
68.1
72.7
74.9
74.5

63.8
70.2
72.8
74.7
74.5

65.4
71.3
73.6
74.2
74.5

66.7
71.9
74.1
74.2
74.8

65.3
70.4
73.3
74.5
74.6

2014
2015
2016
2017
2018

74.0
76.2
75.8
75.4
76.8

74.7
75.7
75.5
75.4
77.5

75.4
76.0
75.4
75.3
77.6

75.4
76.1
75.2
76.2
78.1

75.6
76.2
75.1
76.2
77.5

75.9
75.9
75.2
76.3
77.9

76.4
76.6
75.3
76.2
78.0

76.0
76.2
74.9
76.1
78.2

76.0
76.0
75.0
76.2
78.1

76.0
75.9
75.1
77.1
77.7

76.6
75.7
75.1
77.2
77.3

76.5
75.4
75.2
77.0
77.5

74.7
76.0
75.5
75.4
77.3

75.6
76.1
75.2
76.2
77.8

76.1
76.3
75.1
76.2
78.1

76.4
75.7
75.1
77.1
77.5

75.7
76.0
75.2
76.2
77.7

2019
2020
2021

76.8
75.5
75.6

76.4
75.5
72.8

76.3
72.2
75.2

75.7
60.8
75.0

75.7
63.7
75.8

75.9
68.3
75.5

75.6
71.2
76.6

76.0
72.3

75.5
72.4

75.0
73.5

75.6
74.0

75.6
74.4

76.5
74.4
74.5

75.8
64.3
75.4

75.7
71.9

75.4
74.0

75.8
71.1

1. The composition of manufacturing is specified in a note for the summary table.
2. Quarterly percentage changes are at annual rates. Annual percentage changes are calculated from annual averages.

14

Table 13
H ISTORICAL S TATISTICS FOR I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION , C APACITY,
High-Technology Industries1

AND

U TILIZATION : Total Industry Excluding Selected

Seasonally adjusted

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Annual

IP (percent
change)2
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003

.1
-.4
-.6
.7
.8

.2
.1
-.6
-.1
-.1

-.1
.1
-.3
.8
-.4

-.1
.4
-.2
.5
-.8

.4
.0
-.5
.4
-.2

-.4
-.1
-.4
.8
.0

.2
-.5
-.4
-.1
.3

.4
-.4
-.1
-.2
-.3

-.5
.3
-.5
.1
.6

1.2
-.5
-.4
-.3
.0

.3
-.2
-.6
.5
.6

.6
-.5
-.1
-.6
.0

.8
.5
-5.7
2.6
1.5

.1
1.5
-4.2
6.1
-4.7

.9
-3.2
-4.4
2.0
.8

5.6
-2.8
-4.5
-.7
2.6

1.2
1.0
-3.9
.2
.2

2004
2005
2006
2007
2008

.1
.3
.1
-.5
-.2

.5
.6
-.1
.9
-.5

-.5
-.2
.2
.0
-.5

.4
.1
.3
.6
-.8

.7
.0
-.1
.1
-.7

-.8
.4
.2
.1
-.2

.8
-.4
-.1
-.1
-.4

.0
.2
.3
.2
-1.6

.0
-2.2
-.3
.1
-4.4

.9
1.1
-.2
-.5
1.2

.2
1.1
-.1
.4
-1.1

.7
.5
1.0
-.1
-2.7

1.9
4.7
3.2
3.2
-2.5

2.1
1.3
1.8
4.0
-6.8

2.0
-2.9
.7
.6
-12.5

5.4
2.4
.1
-.5
-15.0

1.7
2.6
1.4
1.8
-4.3

2009
2010
2011
2012
2013

-2.5
1.0
-.2
.6
-.1

-.7
.2
-.5
.2
.5

-1.7
.6
1.1
-.5
.4

-.8
.3
-.3
.7
-.1

-1.1
1.4
.1
.1
.0

-.4
.2
.2
-.1
.1

1.1
.4
.6
.2
-.3

1.2
.3
.6
-.4
.6

.8
.2
-.1
-.1
.6

.2
-.3
.7
.3
-.2

.3
.0
.0
.5
.2

.3
.9
.5
.2
.2

-20.6
6.9
1.6
3.6
2.9

-11.6
7.4
1.6
2.1
1.6

6.4
5.1
4.5
-.2
1.3

6.0
1.0
3.9
1.8
2.5

-11.4
4.9
2.8
2.8
1.8

2014
2015
2016
2017
2018

-.3
-.8
.6
-.1
.0

.7
-.6
-.5
-.4
.3

1.0
-.3
-.8
.8
.6

.0
-.6
.3
.9
1.1

.4
-.4
-.2
.1
-.9

.3
-.3
.4
.2
.7

.3
.7
.2
-.1
.2

-.2
-.3
-.2
-.5
.6

.3
-.4
-.2
.0
.0

.0
-.4
.0
1.2
-.1

.7
-.7
-.5
.3
.0

.0
-.6
.7
.1
.0

2.8
-4.3
-2.6
.6
2.2

5.1
-5.8
-1.7
5.7
5.1

2.3
.1
.8
-1.2
3.2

2.3
-5.7
-1.0
5.1
.1

2.8
-1.5
-2.4
1.1
3.0

2019
2020
2021

-.6
-.5
1.1

-.6
.2
-3.1

.1
-3.9
2.9

-.6
-13.9
.0

.2
2.0
.8

-.1
6.3
.2

-.3
4.1
.9

.6
1.1

-.4
-.4

-.8
1.1

.5
.5

-.4
1.2

-3.8
-7.0
3.7

-2.5
-43.2
6.0

-.3
45.4

-2.8
7.9

-.9
-7.5

IP (2017=100)
2019
2020
2021

103.1
100.7
98.8

102.5
101.0
95.7

102.7
97.0
98.4

102.0
83.5
98.5

102.2
85.2
99.3

102.2
90.6
99.5

101.8
94.3
100.4

102.4
95.4

102.0
95.0

101.2
96.0

101.7
96.5

101.3
97.7

102.8
99.5
97.6

102.1
86.4
99.1

102.1
94.9

101.4
96.7

102.1
94.4

Capacity
(percent of
2017 output)
2019
2020
2021

131.0
132.2
131.9

131.2
132.2
131.9

131.3
132.2
132.0

131.5
132.2
132.0

131.6
132.1
132.0

131.8
132.1
132.0

131.9
132.1
132.1

132.0
132.0

132.1
132.0

132.1
132.0

132.2
132.0

132.2
131.9

131.2
132.2
131.9

131.6
132.1
132.0

132.0
132.0

132.2
132.0

131.7
132.1

Utilization
(percent)
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003

82.0
81.7
79.0
75.3
77.3

82.0
81.6
78.4
75.1
77.3

81.7
81.6
78.0
75.7
77.0

81.4
81.8
77.8
76.0
76.5

81.6
81.7
77.3
76.3
76.4

81.2
81.5
76.9
76.9
76.4

81.2
81.0
76.4
76.8
76.7

81.4
80.5
76.3
76.7
76.5

80.8
80.7
75.8
76.8
77.0

81.7
80.2
75.5
76.6
77.0

81.8
80.0
75.0
77.0
77.5

82.1
79.5
74.8
76.6
77.5

81.9
81.7
78.5
75.4
77.2

81.4
81.7
77.3
76.4
76.4

81.1
80.7
76.2
76.8
76.7

81.9
79.9
75.1
76.7
77.3

81.6
81.0
76.8
76.3
76.9

2004
2005
2006
2007
2008

77.6
80.5
80.8
79.9
81.0

78.0
81.0
80.6
80.5
80.7

77.7
80.8
80.6
80.5
80.4

78.1
80.8
80.8
80.8
79.8

78.7
80.8
80.6
80.9
79.3

78.1
81.1
80.6
80.9
79.1

78.7
80.6
80.4
80.8
78.7

78.8
80.8
80.6
81.0
77.4

78.8
78.9
80.2
81.1
73.9

79.6
79.7
79.9
80.7
74.7

79.7
80.5
79.7
81.1
73.7

80.3
80.8
80.4
81.1
71.6

77.8
80.8
80.7
80.3
80.7

78.3
80.9
80.7
80.9
79.4

78.8
80.1
80.4
81.0
76.7

79.9
80.3
80.0
81.0
73.3

78.7
80.5
80.4
80.8
77.5

2009
2010
2011
2012
2013

69.7
70.4
75.2
77.3
76.9

69.2
70.8
74.9
77.4
77.2

67.9
71.4
75.8
76.9
77.5

67.3
71.8
75.5
77.3
77.3

66.5
73.0
75.6
77.3
77.3

66.3
73.4
75.8
77.1
77.3

67.1
73.8
76.2
77.2
77.0

67.9
74.2
76.5
76.8
77.4

68.5
74.5
76.4
76.6
77.8

68.8
74.4
76.8
76.7
77.6

69.2
74.5
76.7
77.0
77.7

69.6
75.3
77.0
77.1
77.8

68.9
70.9
75.3
77.2
77.2

66.7
72.7
75.6
77.3
77.3

67.8
74.2
76.4
76.9
77.4

69.2
74.8
76.8
76.9
77.7

68.2
73.1
76.0
77.1
77.4

2014
2015
2016
2017
2018

77.5
78.7
76.0
75.3
77.9

78.0
78.2
75.6
75.1
78.2

78.7
77.9
75.0
75.7
78.7

78.7
77.4
75.3
76.4
79.5

78.9
77.0
75.1
76.5
78.8

79.1
76.7
75.4
76.7
79.4

79.2
77.3
75.5
76.7
79.5

79.0
77.1
75.4
76.4
79.9

79.1
76.8
75.3
76.5
79.8

79.0
76.5
75.3
77.5
79.6

79.5
76.0
74.9
77.8
79.4

79.4
75.5
75.4
77.9
79.3

78.1
78.3
75.6
75.4
78.3

78.9
77.0
75.3
76.6
79.2

79.1
77.1
75.4
76.5
79.7

79.3
76.0
75.2
77.7
79.4

78.8
77.1
75.4
76.5
79.2

2019
2020
2021

78.7
76.2
74.9

78.2
76.4
72.5

78.2
73.4
74.6

77.6
63.2
74.6

77.7
64.5
75.2

77.5
68.6
75.3

77.2
71.4
76.0

77.6
72.2

77.3
72.0

76.6
72.8

76.9
73.1

76.6
74.0

78.4
75.3
74.0

77.6
65.4
75.0

77.3
71.9

76.7
73.3

77.5
71.5

1. Selected high-technology industries are computers, communications equipment, and semiconductors and related electronic components.
2. Quarterly percentage changes are at annual rates. Annual percentage changes are calculated from annual averages.

15

Table 14
H ISTORICAL S TATISTICS FOR I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION , C APACITY, AND U TILIZATION : Manufacturing1 Excluding Selected
High-Technology Industries2
Seasonally adjusted

Year

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Q1

Q2

Q3

Q4

Annual

IP (percent
change)3
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003

-.1
-.4
-.5
.7
.7

.5
-.1
-.7
-.2
-.3

-.4
.3
-.2
.7
.0

-.1
.3
-.2
.3
-.9

.6
-.4
-.5
.5
-.2

-.6
.0
-.5
1.0
.3

.0
-.3
-.3
-.2
.1

.6
-.9
-.4
.0
-.6

-.5
.4
-.4
.0
.8

1.4
-.6
-.5
-.4
-.1

.4
-.6
-.3
.5
.8

.4
-.8
.1
-.7
-.1

.8
.3
-6.8
3.2
.8

.1
.8
-4.4
5.6
-4.3

.0
-3.8
-4.5
2.7
.2

6.9
-4.9
-4.2
-1.1
2.8

1.3
.7
-4.7
.4
.0

2004
2005
2006
2007
2008

-.2
.5
.8
-.5
-.3

.7
.8
-.4
.2
-.9

-.1
-.6
.0
.6
-.6

.4
.3
.4
.5
-1.1

.7
.2
-.4
.0
-.7

-.7
.1
.2
.5
-.7

1.0
-.5
-.4
-.1
-1.0

.4
.4
.6
-.4
-1.3

-.1
-1.3
.0
.2
-3.5

.9
1.3
-.6
-.5
-.4

-.1
.8
.1
.3
-2.3

.7
.0
1.5
.0
-3.2

1.5
5.1
3.2
3.5
-4.1

3.2
1.4
-.1
4.5
-9.7

3.8
-2.0
-.1
.3
-14.0

4.9
4.7
.6
-1.1
-20.8

2.0
3.1
1.5
1.8
-5.9

2009
2010
2011
2012
2013

-3.3
.9
.0
.9
-.3

-.2
-.3
.2
.3
.4

-2.0
1.2
.7
-.6
-.1

-.8
.8
-.6
.5
-.4

-1.2
1.3
.0
-.4
.3

-.3
.0
.1
.2
.1

1.6
.5
.6
-.2
-.9

1.1
.0
.4
-.1
.9

.9
.0
.3
-.3
.1

.0
.0
.5
-.3
.1

1.0
.0
-.2
.7
.0

-.2
.3
.6
.7
-.2

-24.7
5.2
2.3
4.9
2.5

-11.6
9.6
-.1
-.1
-.4

8.5
3.7
4.2
-1.5
-.4

6.5
.7
3.8
.6
1.3

-13.9
5.1
2.5
2.3
.5

2014
2015
2016
2017
2018

-1.1
-.5
.5
.3
-.4

.9
-.8
-.4
-.1
.9

.8
.4
-.1
-.3
.1

-.1
-.1
-.2
1.1
.6

.2
.0
-.1
-.1
-.8

.3
-.4
.2
.0
.5

.5
.9
.2
-.2
.2

-.7
-.5
-.5
-.3
.2

.0
-.3
.1
.0
.0

-.1
-.1
.1
1.0
-.5

.7
-.3
-.1
.0
-.4

-.2
-.4
.0
-.3
.2

-1.4
-3.4
-.5
.3
.4

4.2
-.9
-1.5
2.8
2.4

1.4
.7
-.2
-1.9
1.5

.1
-3.0
-.4
3.1
-2.2

.8
-.7
-1.0
.4
1.1

2019
2020
2021

-.8
-.2
1.5

-.6
.0
-3.8

-.1
-4.6
3.4

-.8
-16.3
-.3

.1
4.8
1.1

.2
7.5
-.3

-.5
4.1
1.4

.5
1.6

-.6
.0

-.7
1.4

.7
.6

.0
.6

-4.6
-6.1
2.5

-3.7
-45.7
4.9

-.8
57.5

-2.2
10.8

-2.2
-7.0

IP (2017=100)
2019
2020
2021

100.3
98.2
97.3

99.7
98.1
93.6

99.6
93.6
96.8

98.8
78.4
96.5

98.9
82.2
97.5

99.1
88.3
97.2

98.6
91.9
98.5

99.1
93.4

98.5
93.4

97.7
94.7

98.4
95.3

98.4
95.9

99.9
96.6
95.9

98.9
82.9
97.0

98.7
92.9

98.2
95.3

98.9
91.9

Capacity
(percent of
2017 output)
2019
2020
2021

130.4
129.9
129.0

130.4
129.9
128.9

130.4
129.8
128.9

130.4
129.7
128.9

130.4
129.6
128.9

130.4
129.5
128.9

130.4
129.4
128.9

130.3
129.3

130.3
129.2

130.2
129.1

130.1
129.1

130.0
129.0

130.4
129.9
129.0

130.4
129.6
128.9

130.3
129.3

130.1
129.1

130.3
129.4

Utilization
(percent)
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003

80.7
80.1
76.3
73.4
75.3

80.9
79.9
75.8
73.2
75.1

80.3
80.0
75.5
73.7
75.1

80.1
80.2
75.3
74.0
74.5

80.3
79.7
74.8
74.3
74.4

79.7
79.6
74.4
75.1
74.7

79.5
79.2
74.1
75.0
74.8

79.8
78.4
73.8
75.0
74.3

79.2
78.6
73.4
75.1
75.0

80.2
78.1
73.0
74.8
75.0

80.4
77.5
72.8
75.2
75.6

80.6
76.8
72.9
74.7
75.5

80.6
80.0
75.9
73.4
75.2

80.0
79.8
74.8
74.5
74.5

79.5
78.7
73.8
75.0
74.7

80.4
77.5
72.9
74.9
75.4

80.1
79.0
74.3
74.5
74.9

2004
2005
2006
2007
2008

75.4
78.9
79.5
78.4
78.5

76.0
79.5
79.0
78.4
77.8

76.0
78.9
78.9
78.8
77.4

76.3
79.1
79.0
79.1
76.5

76.9
79.2
78.6
79.0
76.0

76.4
79.1
78.6
79.3
75.5

77.1
78.6
78.2
79.2
74.8

77.5
78.9
78.6
78.9
73.9

77.4
77.7
78.4
79.0
71.4

78.1
78.6
77.9
78.6
71.2

78.1
79.1
77.8
78.8
69.6

78.6
79.0
78.9
78.8
67.5

75.8
79.1
79.2
78.6
77.9

76.5
79.1
78.8
79.2
76.0

77.3
78.4
78.4
79.0
73.4

78.3
78.9
78.2
78.7
69.4

77.0
78.9
78.6
78.9
74.2

2009
2010
2011
2012
2013

65.4
67.4
71.9
75.0
74.5

65.3
67.4
72.2
75.1
74.9

64.1
68.3
72.8
74.7
74.8

63.7
69.0
72.5
75.0
74.5

63.1
70.1
72.6
74.6
74.7

63.0
70.2
72.7
74.7
74.8

64.2
70.7
73.2
74.5
74.2

65.0
70.9
73.5
74.4
74.8

65.7
71.0
73.7
74.1
74.9

65.9
71.2
74.1
73.8
75.0

66.7
71.4
73.9
74.3
75.0

66.7
71.8
74.4
74.8
75.0

64.9
67.7
72.3
74.9
74.7

63.3
69.7
72.6
74.8
74.7

65.0
70.9
73.5
74.3
74.7

66.4
71.5
74.1
74.3
75.0

64.9
70.0
73.1
74.6
74.8

2014
2015
2016
2017
2018

74.2
76.4
76.0
75.6
76.7

74.9
75.8
75.7
75.6
77.5

75.6
76.2
75.6
75.4
77.6

75.6
76.2
75.4
76.3
78.1

75.8
76.3
75.3
76.3
77.4

76.1
76.0
75.4
76.4
77.8

76.5
76.7
75.5
76.3
78.0

76.1
76.4
75.1
76.2
78.1

76.2
76.2
75.2
76.2
78.1

76.2
76.1
75.3
77.1
77.7

76.8
75.9
75.3
77.1
77.4

76.7
75.6
75.3
77.0
77.5

74.9
76.1
75.7
75.5
77.3

75.8
76.2
75.4
76.3
77.8

76.3
76.4
75.3
76.2
78.0

76.5
75.9
75.3
77.1
77.5

75.9
76.1
75.4
76.3
77.7

2019
2020
2021

76.9
75.5
75.4

76.4
75.6
72.6

76.4
72.1
75.1

75.8
60.4
74.8

75.8
63.4
75.6

76.0
68.2
75.4

75.6
71.0
76.4

76.0
72.2

75.6
72.3

75.1
73.4

75.6
73.8

75.6
74.3

76.6
74.4
74.4

75.8
64.0
75.3

75.7
71.9

75.4
73.8

75.9
71.0

1. The composition of manufacturing is specified in a note for the summary table.
2. Selected high-technology industries are computers, communications equipment, and semiconductors and related electronic components.
3. Quarterly percentage changes are at annual rates. Annual percentage changes are calculated from annual averages.

16

Table 15
I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION : R ELIABILITY E STIMATES
Seasonally adjusted

Annualized
change
2021
Q1
Q2

2021
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

Total index
85th percentile
Current estimate
15th percentile

4.02
3.94
3.88

6.92
6.12
5.52

96.40
96.40
96.40

99.18
99.12
99.08

99.27
99.17
99.08

100.17
99.99
99.83

Manufacturing (SIC)
85th percentile
Current estimate
15th percentile

2.86
2.77
2.70

5.72
5.06
4.36

94.57
94.57
94.57

97.80
97.74
97.69

97.56
97.44
97.35

Mining
85th percentile
Current estimate
15th percentile

7.35
7.20
7.03

25.14
22.92
20.73

94.15
94.15
94.15

105.45
105.34
105.22

Electric and gas utilities
85th percentile
Current estimate
15th percentile

8.68
8.66
8.63

.00
-3.42
-5.27

108.25
108.25
108.25

99.00
98.99
98.97

Item

2017=100

Percent change
July

2021
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

100.55
100.18
99.93

101.51
101.11
100.74

-3.03
-3.03
-3.03

2.89
2.83
2.79

.14
.04
-.04

1.00
.83
.72

.51
.20
-.05

1.33
.93
.58

98.66
98.47
98.29

98.47
98.19
97.93

99.91
99.52
99.13

-3.68
-3.68
-3.68

3.42
3.36
3.30

-.22
-.31
-.41

1.17
1.06
.95

-.11
-.29
-.44

1.64
1.35
1.05

105.29
105.04
104.75

107.09
106.63
106.19

108.22
107.18
106.20

109.65
108.44
107.13

-8.87
-8.87
-8.87

11.99
11.88
11.75

-.04
-.29
-.57

1.98
1.51
1.16

1.40
.52
-.21

2.12
1.17
.27

101.81
101.75
101.66

100.92
100.27
99.99

105.39
103.34
102.10

103.09
101.16
99.95

7.41
7.41
7.41

-8.55
-8.56
-8.58

2.85
2.79
2.69

-.83
-1.46
-1.69

4.94
3.07
1.68

-.29
-2.11
-3.88

Note. The reliability measures show the likely range of values for the IP indexes after their fifth and final monthly revision. The 15th (85th) percentile estimate is equal to the current
estimate plus an amount such that the equivalent measure revised by a lower (higher) amount for only 15 percent of the months since 2008. More information is available at
https://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/g17 technical qa.htm#reliability

17

E XPLANATORY N OTE

month (pm ) and the estimate for previous month:

The Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization statistical
release, which is published around the middle of the month, reports
measures of output, capacity, and capacity utilization in
manufacturing, mining, and the electric and gas utilities industries.
More detailed descriptions of industrial production and capacity
utilization are available on the Board’s website at
www.federalreserve.gov/releases/G17. In addition, files containing
data shown in the release, more detailed series that were published in
the G.17 prior to December 2000, and historical data are available
from the Data Download Program on the Board’s website.
Instructions for searching for and downloading specific series are
provided as well.

A
Im
A
Im−1

s P
P
I p
I p
P m m−1 × P m m
=
Im−1 pm−1

Im−1 pm

The IP proportions (typically shown in the first column of the relevant
tables in the monthly G.17 release) are estimates of the industries’
relative contributions to overall growth in the following year. For
example, the relative importance weight of the motor vehicles and
parts industry is about 6 percent. If output in this industry increased
10 percent in a month, then this gain would boost growth in total IP
by 6/10 percentage point (0.06 x 10% = 0.6%). To assist users with
calculations, the Federal Reserve’s website provides supplemental
monthly statistics that represent the exact proportionate contribution
of a monthly change in a component index to the monthly change in
the total index (www.federalreserve.gov/
releases/G17/ipdisk/ipweightssa.txt).

I NDUSTRIAL P RODUCTION
Coverage. The industrial production (IP) index measures the real
output of the manufacturing, mining, and electric and gas utilities
industries; the reference period for the index is 2017. Manufacturing
consists of those industries included in the North American Industry
Classification System, or NAICS, definition of manufacturing plus
those industries— logging and newspaper, periodical, book, and
directory publishing—that have traditionally been considered to be
manufacturing and included in the industrial sector. For the period
since 2012, the total IP index has been constructed from 296
individual series based on the 2017 NAICS codes. These individual
series are classified in two ways: (1) market groups, and (2) industry
groups. Market groups consist of products and materials. Total
products are the aggregate of final products, such as consumer goods
and equipment, and nonindustrial supplies (which are inputs to
nonindustrial sectors). Materials are inputs in the manufacture of
products. Major industry groups include three-digit NAICS industries
and aggregates of these industries—for example, durable and
nondurable manufacturing, mining, and utilities. A complete
description of the market and industry structures, including details
regarding series classification, relative importance weights, and data
sources, is available on the Board’s website at
www.federalreserve.gov/releases/G17/About.htm.

Timing. The first estimate of output for a month is published around
the 15th of the following month. The estimate is preliminary (denoted
by the superscript “p” in tables) and subject to revision in each of the
subsequent five months as new source data become available.
(Revised estimates are denoted by the superscript “r” in tables.) For
the first estimate of output for a given month, about 74 percent of the
source data (in value-added terms) are available; the fraction of
available source data increases to 83 percent for estimates in the
second month that the estimate is published, 93 percent in the third
month, 97 percent in the fourth month, 98 percent in the fifth month,
and 98 percent in the sixth month. Data availability by data type in
2020 is summarized in the table below:
Availability of Monthly IP Data in Publication Window
(Percent of value added in 2020; the numbers may not sum because of
rounding.)
Month of estimate

Source Data. On a monthly basis, the individual indexes of industrial
production are constructed from two main types of source data: (1)
output measured in physical units and (2) data on inputs to the
production process, from which output is inferred. Data on physical
products, such as tons of steel or barrels of oil, are typically obtained
from private trade associations and from government agencies; data of
this type are used to estimate monthly IP wherever possible and
appropriate. Production indexes for a few industries are derived by
dividing estimated nominal output (calculated using unit production
and unit values or sales) by a corresponding Fisher price index; the
most notable of these fall within the high-technology grouping and
include semiconductors. When suitable data on physical product are
not available, estimates of output are based on production-worker
hours by industry. Data on hours worked by production workers are
collected in the monthly establishment survey conducted by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics. The factors used to convert inputs into
estimates of production are based on historical relationships between
the inputs and the comprehensive annual data used to benchmark the
IP indexes; these factors also may be influenced by technological or
cyclical developments. The annual data used in benchmarking the
individual IP indexes are constructed from a variety of source data,
such as the quinquennial Censuses of Manufactures and Mineral
Industries and the Annual Survey of Manufactures, prepared by the
Bureau of the Census; the Minerals Yearbook, prepared by the U.S.
Geological Survey of the Department of the Interior; and publications
of the Department of Energy.

Type of data

1st

2nd

3rd

4th

5th

6th

Physical product

31

40

50

54

55

55

Production-worker hours

43

43

43

43

43

43

IP data received

74

83

93

97

98

98

IP data estimated

26

17

7

3

2

2

The physical product group includes series based on either monthly or
quarterly data. As can be seen in the first row of the table, in the first
month, a physical product indicator is available for more than one-half
of the series (in terms of value added) that ultimately are based on
physical product data (31 percent out of a total of 55 percent). Of the
31 percent, about three-quarters (26 percent of total IP) include series
that are derived from weekly physical product data and for which
actual monthly data may lag up to several months. On average,
quarterly product data are received for the fourth estimate of industrial
production. Specifically, quarterly data are available for the third
estimate of the last month of a quarter, the fourth estimate of the
second month of a quarter, and the fifth estimate of the first month of
a quarter.
Seasonal Adjustment. Individual series are seasonally adjusted using
Census X-13 ARIMA. For series based on production-worker hours,
the current seasonal factors were estimated with data through January
2021; for other series, the factors were estimated with data through at
least December 2020. Series are pre-adjusted for the effects of
holidays or the business cycle when appropriate. For the data since
1972, all seasonally adjusted aggregate indexes are calculated by
aggregating the seasonally adjusted indexes of the individual series.
Additional documentation and X-13 specifications can be found on
the Board’s website at
www.federalreserve.gov/releases/G17/About.htm.

Aggregation Methodology and Weights. The aggregation method
for the IP index is a version of the Fisher-ideal index formula. (For a
detailed discussion of the aggregation method, see the Federal
Reserve Bulletin February 1997 and March 2001.) In the IP index,
series that measure the output of an individual industry are combined
using weights derived from their proportion in the total value-added
output of all industries. The IP index, which extends back to 1919, is
built as a chain-type index since 1972. The current formula for the
growth in monthly IP (or any of the sub-aggregates) since 1972 is the
geometric mean of the change in output (I), and, as can be seen
below, is computed using the unit value added estimate for the current

Reliability. The average revision to the level of the total IP index,
without regard to sign, between the first and the fourth estimates was

18

0.29 percent during the 1987–2020 period. The average revision to
the percent change in total IP, without regard to sign, from the first to
the fourth estimates was 0.23 percentage point during the 1987–2020
period. In most cases (about 86 percent), the direction of the change
in output indicated by the first estimate for a given month is the same
as that shown by the fourth estimate.

inconsistencies between the movements of the industrial production
index and the survey-based utilization rates. The McGraw-Hill/DRI
Survey, now discontinued, was the primary source of manufacturing
utilization rates for many years. This survey of large companies
reported, on average, higher utilization rates than those reported by
establishments covered by the annual Survey of Plant Capacity (the
primary source of factory operating rates through 2006, after which it
was discontinued) for the fourteen years they overlapped.
Adjustments have been made to keep the industry utilization rates
currently reported by the Federal Reserve (now based on the QSPC)
roughly in line with rates formerly reported by McGraw-Hill. As a
consequence, the rates reported by the Federal Reserve tend to be
higher than the rates reported in the Census utilization surveys.

Rounding. The published percent changes are calculated from
unrounded indexes, and may not be the same as percent changes
calculated from the rounded indexes shown in the release.
C APACITY U TILIZATION
Overview. The Federal Reserve Board constructs estimates of
capacity and capacity utilization for industries in manufacturing,
mining, and electric and gas utilities. For a given industry, the
capacity utilization rate is equal to an output index (seasonally
adjusted) divided by a capacity index. The Federal Reserve Board’s
capacity indexes attempt to capture the concept of sustainable
maximum output—the greatest level of output a plant can maintain
within the framework of a realistic work schedule, after factoring in
normal downtime and assuming sufficient availability of inputs to
operate the capital in place.

Perspective. Over the 1972–2020 period, the average total industry
utilization rate was 79.6 percent; for manufacturing, the average
factory operating rate was 78.3 percent. Industrial plants usually
operate at capacity utilization rates that are well below 100 percent:
none of the broad aggregates has ever reached 100 percent. For total
manufacturing, utilization rates have exceeded 90 percent only in
wartime. The highs and lows in capacity utilization are specific to
each series and do not all occur in the same month.
R EFERENCES AND R ELEASE DATES

Coverage. Capacity indexes are constructed for 89 detailed industries
(71 in manufacturing, 16 in mining, and 2 in utilities), which mostly
correspond to industries at the three- and four-digit North American
Industry Classification System, or NAICS, level. Estimates of
capacity and utilization are available for a variety of groups, including
durable and nondurable manufacturing, total manufacturing, mining,
utilities, and total industry. Manufacturing consists of those industries
included in the NAICS definition of manufacturing plus those
industries—logging and newspaper, periodical, book, and directory
publishing—that have traditionally been considered to be
manufacturing and included in the industrial sector. Also, special
aggregates are available, such as high-technology industries and
manufacturing excluding high-technology industries.

References. The release for the annual revision that was published on
May 28, 2021, is available on the Board’s website (www.federal
reserve.gov/releases/g17/revisions/Current/DefaultRev.htm). A
summary of the annual revision that incorporated back to 1972
production and capacity indexes reclassified according to the North
American Industry Classification System is available in an article in
the Federal Reserve Bulletin, vol. 89 (April 2003), pp. 151–176. A
description of the aggregation methods for industrial production and
capacity utilization is included in an article in the Federal Reserve
Bulletin, vol. 83 (February 1997), pp. 67–92. The Federal Reserve
methodology for constructing industry-level measures of capital is
detailed in “Capital Stock Estimates for Manufacturing Industries:
Methods and Data” by Mike Mohr and Charles Gilbert (1996), which
can be obtained at
www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/CapitalStockDocLatest.pdf.

Source Data. The monthly rates of capacity utilization are designed
to be consistent with both the monthly data on production and the
periodically available data on capacity and utilization. Because there
is no direct monthly information on overall industrial capacity or
utilization rates, the Federal Reserve first estimates annual capacity
indexes from the source data. Capacity data reported in physical units
from government sources (primarily from the U.S. Geological Survey
and the Department of Energy’s Energy Information Administration)
and trade sources are available for portions of several industries in
manufacturing (for example, paper, industrial chemicals, petroleum
refining, motor vehicles), as well as for electric utilities and mining;
these industries represent about 26 percent of total industrial capacity.
When physical product data are unavailable for manufacturing
industries, capacity indexes are based on responses to the Bureau of
the Census’s Quarterly Survey of Plant Capacity (QSPC); these
industries account for about 68 percent of total industry capacity. In
the absence of utilization data for a few mining and petroleum series,
capacity is based on trends through peaks in production (roughly 6
percent of total industry capacity). A detailed description of the
methodology used to construct the capacity indexes is available on the
Board’s website
(www.federalreserve.gov/releases/G17/Meth/MethCap.htm).

Industrial Production—1986 Edition contains a more detailed
description of the other methods used to compile the industrial
production index, plus a history of its development, a glossary of
terms, and a bibliography. The major revisions to the IP indexes and
capacity utilization since 1990 have been described in the Federal
Reserve Bulletin (April 1990, June 1990, June 1993, March 1994,
January 1995, January 1996, February 1997, February 1998, January
1999, March 2000, March 2001, March 2002, April 2003, Winter
2004, Winter 2005, March 2006, May 2007, August 2008, August
2009) or in online staff studies
(www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/articles/rev2010/industrial10.pdf,
www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/articles/rev2012/industrial12.pdf,
www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17/articles/rev2013/industrial13.pdf).
Release Schedule
The G.17 release on Industrial Production and Capacity Utilization is
published at 9:15 a.m. on:
2021: January 15, February 17, March 16, April 15, May 14, June 15,
July 15, August 17, September 15, October 18, November 16,
December 16.

Aggregation Methodology. Monthly capacity aggregates are
calculated in three steps: (1) utilization aggregates are calculated on
an annual basis through the most recent full year as capacity-weighted
aggregates of individual utilization rates; (2) the annual aggregate
capacity is derived from the corresponding production and utilization
aggregates; (3) the monthly capacity aggregate is obtained by
interpolating with a Fisher index of its constituent monthly capacity
series. Utilization rates for the individual series and aggregates are
calculated by dividing the pertinent monthly production index by the
related capacity index.

2022: January 14, February 16, March 17, April 15, May 17, June 17,
July 15, August 16, September 15, October 18, November 16,
December 15
This release schedule is available on the Board’s website at
http://www.federalreserve.gov/releases/g17.

Consistency. A major aim is that the Federal Reserve utilization rates
be consistent over time so that, for example, a rate of 85 percent
means about the same degree of tightness that it meant in the past. A
major task for the Federal Reserve in developing reasonable and
consistent time series of capacity and utilization is dealing with

19