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FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF NEW YORK [ Circular No. 8491 January 6, 1979 ] FA IR D EBT COLLECTION PRACTICES To AU Financial Institutions, and Others Concerned, in the Second Federal Reserve District Enclosed is a pamphlet, entitled “Fair Debt Collection Practices,” produced by this Bank in conjunction with our new Consumer Credit Information (CCI) program. This pamphlet, based on the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act which took effect in March 1978, discusses to whom the Act applies and the procedures creditors may and may not use in connection with collection of debt incurred for personal, family, or household purposes. The CCI program is designed to assist both creditors and borrowers in understanding their rights and responsibilities in credit transactions. It is intended to serve as a resource for all those concerned with consumer credit, and I hope I can count on your cooperation in the distribution of materials as they become available. Additional copies of the pamphlet are available without charge from our Public Information Department. I welcome your comments and suggestions about our new program. Paul A. V olcker, President collection it's the low... ^ On March 20,1978, the Fair Debt Collection Prac tices Act took effect. It is one of a series of laws enacted by Congress in recent years to protect consumers in credit transactions. This law is in tended to stop abusive practices engaged in by some debt collectors. scope... The Fair Debt Collection Practices Act covers collection of any debt incurred for personal, family, or household purposes. ^ locating a debtor... A covered debt collector may contact a person other than the debtor only to discover or verify the debtor’s location. The law prohibits harassing, oppressing, or abu sive conduct in connection with collection of a debt. This includes, but is not limited to: In doing so, the collector must: . .. the use or threat of violence or harm to the person, his reputation, or property; . .. identify himself, but he can identify his em ployer only if expressly requested to do so; .. . publicizing the debt; .. . not use a post card or in any way reveal his debt collection activity; . . . annoying or repetitive telephone calls; .. . not communicate with that person more than once unless reasonably necessary. .. . false, deceptive, or misleading representa tions as to the collector’s identity; If the collector learns the identity of an attorney who is representing the debtor, the contact must be with that attorney. .. . false representations of the status of the debt and the consequences of nonpayment; contacting o debtor... . . . any creditor who, collecting from his own debt ors, uses a name other than his own; The law, of course, allows a collector to make reasonable efforts to communicate with a debtor oout his debt. Nor does it cover them when they collect an iso lated debt for another. . . . anonymous phone calls; . . . failure to adequately disclose the reason for contacting the consumer; . .. any person in the business of collecting debts owed to others; But not all debt collectors are subject to the Act. It does not apply to banks, other lenders, or busi nesses which collect their own accounts, using their own names. .. . use of obscene language; . . . not reveal the consumer’s indebtedness; The Act applies to: .. . anyone who regularly collects or attempts tc collect debts for another. prohibited todies... A covered collector may not contact a debtor about his obligation: . . . at an inconvenient or unusual time (the hours between 8 a.m. and 9 p.m. are considered to be convenient); .. . collecting an additional fee not authorized by law or the terms of the debt agreement; .. . accepting a check postdated by more than five days except under specified written condi tions; .. . charging the debtor with collect calls or tele gram fees; .. . communicating by post card. — . . . at an inconvenient place; . . . at his place of employment if it is known the employer prohibits such contact; . . . if an attorney is known to represent the debtor. Contact also may not be made after the debtor notifies the collector in writing that he refuses to pay a debt or objects to the contacts; except con tact may be made to explain the possible conse quences to the debtor. This pamphlet is not intended to be a com plete or official summary of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act. validating debt... Within five days after contacting a debtor about paying his debt, the collector must send him a written notice informing him: . . . of the amount of the debt; . . . of the name of the creditor; . .. that the debt will be assumed to be valid unless disputed within 30 days; . . . that, if disputed, the collector will verify it and send a copy of the verification or of a judgment against the consumer; . . . that upon request the name and address of the original creditor (if changed) will be provided. enforcement... Responsibility for enforcing the law is shared by the following Federal agencies: Federal Trade Commission Comptroller of the Currency Federal Reserve System Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Federal Home Loan Bank Board National Credit Union Administration Interstate Commerce Commission Civil Aeronautics Board Secretary of Agriculture Consumers may contact the appropriate agency for further information or for assistance in resolv ing a problem. During a period when a debt is being verified, the collector may not attempt to obtain payment. 12/78 T e x tCourtesy of: Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia -------------------------------------------------------------- ' legal rem edies... Any debt collector who intentionally does not comply with this law may be sued by the debtor for actual damages; for additional damages as al lowed by a court up to $1,000 (or the lesser of $500,000 or 1 percent of net worth in a class action) and be liable for court costs and reason able attorney’s fees. FEDERAL RESERVE BANK OF NEW YORK New York, N.Y. 10045
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