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STUDY OF CONSUMER PURCHASES URBAN SERIES ♦ Family Expenditure in Three Southeastern Cities 1935-36 Bulletin T^o. 647 VOLUME II UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS i n c o o p e r a t io n w i t h WORKS PROGRESS ADMINISTRATION UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Frances Perkins, Secretary BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS IS A D O R L U B IN , Com m issioner A. F . H S id n e y W . W il c o x , in r ic h s , Chief Econom ist Chief S tatistician H ugh S. H a n n a , Chief y E ditorial and Research S TA FF FOR TH E S TU D Y OF CONSUM ER PURCHASES: U R B A N S E R IE S F a it h M . W il l ia m s , Chief , Cost of L iving D ivision A. D . H. K a p l a n , Director B e r n a r d B a r t o n , Associate Director for Tabulation M i l d r e d P a r t e n , Associate Director, Sampling and Income Analysis J. M. H a d l e y , Associate Director, Collection and Field Tabulations M i l d r e d H a r t s o u g h , Analyst, G l e n n W. S u t t o n , Regional Director A. C. R o s a n d e r , Statistician, Tabular Analysis for the Southeastern region Expenditure Analysis J e s s i e S. B e r n a r d , assistant in prepa ration of Southeastern expenditure report UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Frances Perkins, Secretary B U R E A U OF L A B O R ST A T IS T IC S Isador Lubin, Commissioner in cooperation w ith W O R K S PROGRESS A D M IN IS T R A T IO N + Family Income and Expenditure in Selected Southeastern Cities, 1935-36 VOLUME II Family Expenditure + Prepared by A. D. H. KAPLAN and FAITH M. WILLIAMS a s s is t e d b y LENORE A. EPSTEIN B ulletin N o - 647 U N IT E D ST A T E S G O V E R N M E N T P R IN T IN G OFFICE W A S H IN G T O N : 1940 STUDY OF CONSUMER PURCHASES: URBAN SERIES For sale by the Superintendent o f Documents, Washington, D . C. Price 30 cents (paper) CONTENTS Page P r e f a c e ____________________________________________________________________________________________ vn C h a p t e r I . — I n t r o d u c t i o n ___________________________________________________________________ 1 C h a p t e r I I . — T h e f a m i l y b a l a n c e s h e e t _______________________________________________ 13 C h a p t e r I I I . — F o o d ___________________________________________________________________________ 22 C h a p t e r I V . — H o m e m a i n t e n a n c e _______________________________________________________ 34 C h a p t e r V . — C l o t h i n g a n d p e r s o n a l c a r e ______________________________________________ 50 C h a p t e r V I . — T r a n s p o r t a t i o n _____________________________________________________________ 61 C h a p t e r V I I . — M i n o r c a t e g o r i e s o f e x p e n d i t u r e ____________________________________ 72 C h a p t e r V I I I . — S u r p l u s a n d d e fi c i t i t e m s ____________________________________________ 85 C h a p t e r I X . — S u m m a r y ____________________________________________________________________ 94 T a b u l a r S u m m a r y _____________________________________________________________________________ 105 A p p e n d ix A . — S a m p l i n g p r o c e d u r e in t h e S o u t h e a s t r e g i o n ____________________ 243 A p p e n d ix B . — S c h e d u l e f o r m a n d g l o s s a r y ____________________________________________ 257 A p p e n d ix C .— C o m m u n it ie s a n d r a c ia l g r o u p s s u r v e y e d b y t h e S t u d y o f C o n s u m e r P u r c h a s e s _________________________________________________ 282 A p p e n d i x D . — A n a l y s i s o f e x p e n d it u r e s b y f a m i l i e s o f g i v e n t y p e , o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p , a n d i n c o m e ____________________________________________ 285 A p p e n d i x E . — V a r i a b i l i t y in f a m i l y e x p e n d i t u r e s ____________________________________ 288 List of Text Tables Chapter I T able 1 .— D i s t r i b u t i o n o f a d j u s t e d f a m i l y i n c o m e _______________________________ — D is t r ib u tio n 3. ’— D i s t r i b u t i o n o f m o n e y e x p e n d it u r e s f o r c u r r e n t f a m i l y l i v i n g , m a jo r of m oney v a lu e of cu rren t fa m ily liv in g , 5 2. by g r o u p s ________________________________________________________________ b y m a j o r g r o u p s ____________________________________________________________ 8 11 Chapter I I T able 4 .— A v e r a g e m o n e y in c o m e a n d m o n e y e x p e n d itu r e s fo r c u r r e n t f a m i l y l i v i n g _________________________________________________________________ 5. 13 — A v e r a g e n e t s u r p lu s a n d d e f i c i t _______________________________________ 16 6. — A v e r a g e n e t s u r p lu s o r d e fi c i t , b y o c c u p a t i o n a l 7. — A v e r a g e n e t s u r p lu s o r d e fi c i t , b y f a m i l y g r o u p _______ 19 t y p e __________________ 20 Chapter I I I T a b l e 8 . — A v e r a g e e x p e n d it u r e s f o r f o o d _______________________________________________ 23 9 .— A v e r a g e m o n e y e x p e n d itu r e s fo r f o o d , b y o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p . 28 10. — A verage m on ey e x p e n d it u r e s p e r m e a l p e r e q u i v a l e n t a d u l t , b y o c c u p a t i o n a l g r o u p ___________________________________________________ 11. — A verage m o n e y e x p e n d it u r e s 12. — A verage m on ey fo r fo o d p er fa m ily , b y t y p e _________________________________ e x p e n d it u r e s p e r m e a l 30 p e r e q u iv a le n t a d u lt, b y f a m i l y t y p e ______________________________________________________________ 29 fa m ily in 31 IV CONTENTS C hapter I V T able 13.—Average expenditures for home maintenance_____________ 14. —Percentage of families reporting home ownership_______ 15. —Average money expenditures for household operation____ 16.—Average expenditures for housing, by occupational group___ 17. —Average expenditures for home maintenance, by occupational group____________________________________________ 18. —Average expenditures for housing, by family type_______ 19. —Average expenditures for home maintenance, by family type______________________________________________ C hapter V T able 20.—Average money expenditures for clothing and personal care__ 21. —Average money expenditures for clothing and personal care, by occupational group______________________________ 22. —Average annual money expenditures of husbands and wives for clothing, by occupational group___________________ 23. —Average money expenditures for clothing and personal care, by family type_____________________________________ 24. —Average annual money expenditures of husbands and wives for clothing, by family type_________________________ Page 35 37 39 44 46 47 48 52 55 56 58 59 C hapter V I T able 25.—Average money expenditures for transportation, percentage of families reporting automobile operation and average expenditures for automobile operation, per family reporting expenditure________________________________________ 26. —Average money expenditures for transportation, by occupa tional group_______________________________________ 27. —Average money expenditures for automobile operation per family reporting expenditure, by occupationalgroup_____ 28. —Average money expenditures for transportation, by family type______________________________________________ 29. —Average money expenditures for automobile operation per family reporting expenditure, by family type___________ 64 67 68 69 70 C hapter V I I T able 30.—Average money expenditures for the minor categories______ 73 31. —Distribution of money expenditures of Atlanta families for medical care_______________________________________ 76 32. —Distribution of money expenditures of Atlanta families for contributions and personal taxes_____________________ 83 C hapter V I I I T able 33.—Surplus items: Average amount of change in 1 year, 1935-36. 34. —Average insurance premiums paid by Atlanta families, as a percentage of money income and of all surplus items____ 35.—Deficit items: Average amount of change in 1 year, 1935-36. 36. —Increases and decreases in amounts due on installment pur chases among Atlanta families_______________________ 86 88 90 91 CONTENTS Chapter I X T able F ig u r e V Page 37.—Percentage distribution of families according to money value of current family living______________________________ 95 38. —Average expenditures for food, housing, and clothing, com bined, and for automobiles, recreation, and household 97 help, combined_________ 39. —Percentage distribution of adjusted family income_______ 104 List of Figures 1.—Family types for expenditure study_____________________ 2. —Food as a percentage of total money expenditures at selected income levels, 1935-36______________________________ 3. —Clothing as a percentage of total money expenditures at selected income levels, 1935-36______________________________ 4. —Transportation as a percentage of total money expenditures, at selected income levels, 1935-36_____________________ 5. —Source and disposition of funds used for family living, in one year, at selected income levels, Atlanta, 1935-36________ 6. -—Relative changes in specified categories of expenditure with changes in income, Atlanta, 1935-36__________________ 7. —Relative changes in specified categories of expenditure with changes in income, Atlanta, 1935-36__________________ 3 25 51 62 92 102 103 PREFACE The analysis of family expenditures for the main groups of goods and services included in family living forms volume II of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics report on the Study of Consumer Purchases in the Southeast. Volume I, dealing with the income, occupational, and family type distributions of the families living in five cities studied in this region, provides the background for the present volume. The surveys for Atlanta, Ga.; Columbia, S. C.; and Mobile, Ala.; covered in this report, were part of an investigation conducted in 1936 by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in thirty-two cities in selected size ranges located in different geographic regions of the country. They were paralleled by studies of small-city, village, and farm families conducted by the Bureau of Home Economics of the United States Department of Agriculture. Both surveys, which together form the Study of Consumer Purchases, were administered under a grant of funds from the Works Progress Administration. Cooper ating in the planning and technical direction of this Nation-wide study were the National Resources Committee and the Central Statistical Board. The plans for the project were developed and its administration coordinated by a technical committee composed of representatives of the following agencies: National Resources Committee, Hildegarde Kneeland, chairman; Bureau of Labor Sta tistics, Faith M. Williams; Bureau of Home Economics, Day Mon roe; Works Progress Administration, Milton Forster; and Central Statistical Board, Samuel J. Dennis. The present study differs from previous investigations of family living in that it represents the first effort to include in one survey a wide range of socio-economic groups. Past studies of family con sumption have generally been confined to limited income and occu pational groups, or to a particular locality, or both. Such isolated studies were unable to throw light on the relative position in the population as a whole of the particular groups under investigation. They failed to reveal how the consumption pattern of one group in the population differed from that of families in another occupational group or income class. The present study of family expenditures will permit comparisons among different sections of the country, among communities of TO V II I PREFACE varying degrees of urbanization, and, in several cities, including those in the Southeast, between white and Negro families. It covers a wide range of family incomes, from those just above the relief levels to upper limits set for each community that include every economic group of any numerical significance. It was planned, moreover, in such a way as to supply a sample that would permit comparisons among occupational groups and among families of varying composition. The results of the expenditure survey for the Southeastern cities confirm, in broad outline, those revealed by the data for communities in other parts of the country. Although habits, tastes, and indi vidual circumstances make for wide variations among families at the same economic level, both in the level of spending as compared with saving and in its apportionment among the several categories of expenditure, income is nevertheless the basis determinant of both amount and manner of spending. Of some influence, also, is the size and composition of the family, particularly for such categories as food and clothing. The occupation from which the family draws the major part of its earnings appears to have only minor influence on the level of spending for most categories, although differences in housing expenditures between the wage-earner group, on the one hand, and families in white-collar occupations on the other, are quite clear, at least among white families. While the outlay for each of the main categories of consumption varies directly with income, the relative change over the income scale is much greater for some groups of items than for others. In consequence, the proportion of the total value of family consump tion accounted for by some categories declines in successive income classes; while the proportion going to others increases or remains relatively constant. In general, the categories representing chiefly the basic essentials, such as food and shelter, decline in relative importance over the income range, while those that contain large elements of convenience or display, such as automobiles and clothing, increase relatively in successive income classes. The Bureau of Labor Statistics wishes to acknowledge the assist ance received from interested individuals and civic bodies, both within and outside the Government, in addition to the agencies mentioned above. Particular acknowledgment is due to two groups whose collaboration must be recognized as having made these studies pos sible: The W. P. A. workers who performed the field collection and office tabulation of the data, and the members of the households inter viewed, who contributed the time and effort required to answer the detailed questions in the schedules. In view of the fact that responsibility for certain parts of this sur vey was shared by persons outside the regular staff of the Bureau of PREFACE IX Labor Statistics, the Bureau takes pleasure in acknowledging the services of Lois E. Gratz and Hallie K. Price, associate regional supervisors in the Southeastern cities; William P. Koepp, supervisor of editing and coding; Olive T. Kephart, Lucile S. Lee, and Harlow W. Harvey, who served as check editors; and the following persons who served as supervisors in the various cities: Lois E. Gratz and Edgar B. McDaniel, Jr., Atlanta; William C. Rees, Columbia; Byron F. Hemphill, Mobile. Acknowledgment is also made to Frances W. Valentine, Jesse R. Wood, Jr., and William Loudon, who were in charge of computation and tables; Joseph A. Smith in charge of machine tabulation; Dorothy McCamman, who served as chief check editor; Marie Bloch, Ethel Cauman, Verna Mae Feuerhelm, and Trusten P. Lee, who were in charge of editing and review. I sa d o r L u b i n , M a y 1939. Commissioner of Labor Statistics. Bulletin 7\[o. 647 (V ol. II) of the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics Fam ily Expenditure in Three Southeastern Cities, 1 9 3 5 -3 6 Chapter I Introduction The analysis of the family income and expenditure data obtained by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the Study of Consumer Purchases is divided into three parts, of which the present volume represents the second. Volume I showed the distribution by income class, occu pation, family type, nativity, and home tenure, of families studied in selected communities of the Southeast. The second and third parts of the analysis both are concerned with data on expenditures for family living. In the present volume, this analysis will be confined mainly to a consideration of the size and relative importance of ex penditures for the main categories of current living among families in these communities, with only incidental reference to the constituent items in these categories. As in volume I, variations associated with income, occupation, and family type are of primary concern. The third part of the analysis involves a study of the detailed items included in each major group, and will take the form of special com modity and service bulletins covering all regions, which will appear later. In the present report data for Atlanta are shown separately, but those for Columbia and Mobile are combined to form one unit repre sentative of middle-sized cities in this region.1 Since Negroes con stitute a substantial portion of the population in the Southeast, a separate study of expenditures of Negro families was made in both Atlanta and the middle-sized cities. The survey of family expenditures was designed to show primarily the way in which expenditures vary with income and with certain other characteristics of the family. It was, therefore, limited to 1 Vol. I presented income data for these three cities and for Gastonia, N. C., and Albany, Ga. Ex penditure data for Gastonia and Albany have been combined with those obtained by the Bureau of Home Economics in Sumter, S. C., and Griffin, Ga., and will be published by the latter agency. (See appendix C for a list of communities covered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of Home Economics,) 1 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 2 families that included a husband and wife, both native bom, and that had received no relief during the year.2 The samples of families whose expenditures were studied in the Southeastern region were further restricted by eliminating certain in come groups among white families, by excluding families with no gainfully employed members, and by limiting the occupational groups represented in the lower and upper portions of the income scale.3 Except for Atlanta Negroes, the collection of expenditure schedules was confined to five family types, eliminating thereby the less fre quent types in the community. Described in terms of the number and age of members other than husband and wife, these five types, shown pictorially in figure 1, are as follows: I. II. III. IV. No other person (families of two). One child under 16 (families of three). Two children under 16 (families of four). One person 16 or over, and one or no other person, regardless of age (families of three or four). V. One child under 16, one person 16 or over, and one or two others, regardless of age (families of five or six). Among Atlanta Negroes families of two additional types were studied. These, in addition to the husband and wife, contained: VI. Three or four children under 16 (five or six persons). VII. One child under 16, and four or five others, regardless of age (families of seven or eight). In all three Southeastern communities white families of the first five types accounted for approximately four-fifths of the native white nonrelief families that included a husband and wife. This was also true in the case of Negroes in Columbia and Mobile. The seven family types studied for Negro families in Atlanta accounted for 94 percent of all native complete 4 families of that race. 2 The purpose of these qualifications was to eliminate as far as possible factors of economic stress, broken family ties, and alien customs, which might tend to obscure the relationship of income, occupation, and family type to family expenditure patterns. Since native white and Negro families greatly outnumber all other racial and national groups in the Southeastern communities, it seemed wisest to confine the restricted resources available for the survey to a study of the expenditures of these two groups. In Atlanta about two-thirds of the families were white, nearly all of which were native born, and the remaining third were Negro. In the middle-sized cities white families, also predominantly native, ac counted for three-fifths of the population. 2 Families were classified in occupational groups according to the source of the major part of the family’s earnings. Among white families all those in Atlanta with incomes under $500 and all those in ColumbiaMobile with incomes under $250 were excluded. All occupational groups were represented for white families in the income classes between $1,250 and $3,000 in Atlanta, and between $1,000 and $2,500 in ColumbiaMobile. Above $3,000 in Atlanta and $2,500 in the middle-sized cities, only business and professional families were studied, while the lowest income class in each city unit included only wage earners, and the next two income classes only wage-earner and clerical families. Among Negro families wage earners were included at all levels up to $1,500 in both city units. In the middle-sized cities other occupational groups were represented in all income classes, and in Atlanta other occupational groups were represented in all income classes of $250 and over. Certain other minor eligibility requirements were imposed to eliminate families whose living patterns are not adapted to statistical analysis. (See appendix A.) 4 Families that contained a husband and wife. INTRODUCTION 3 Fig I FAMILY TYPES FOR EXPENDITURE STUDY TYPE I TYPE II TYPE III c © 16 YEARS * ') r•'nl’« D Mini min TYPE V TYPE IV € C € € TYPE VII TYPE VI ^ MEM BERS R U ED FOR TYPE EQ IR © Q MEMBER REQUIRED FOR TYPE, BUT AGE ALTERNATIVE r Q\ / € © MEMBER O PTIO AL FOR TYPE N ALTER ATIVE N U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 16 YEARS 4 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES When all families were taken into consideration in these South eastern cities it was found that average income in Atlanta for the year 1935-36 5 was somewhat higher than that in the middle-sized cities taken together. Half of the Atlanta families had incomes under $1,028 while incomes of half in Columbia-Mobile fell below $836.6 While virtually half of the Atlanta families were found in income classes under $1,000, only about 1 family in 4 received more than $2,000, and only 1 in 10, $3,000 or over. In the middle-sized cities taken together, 56 percent had incomes under $1,000 and only 20 percent received $2,000 or more. These figures on family income refer to all families, irrespective of race, nativity, and family compo sition, and include those that received relief at some time during the year as well as those that remained independent of public assistance. The various limitations imposed in the selection of families eligible for the expenditure study, as well as the separation of the white and Negro families into two samples in each community, resulted in sam ples each of which showed a very different income distribution from that for the communities as a whole. In Atlanta, approximately half of the white families represented in the part of the Study that deals with consumer expenditures had incomes below $1,900, while in the middle-sized cities half had incomes under $1,675. Among Negro families, half in Atlanta were found in income groups below $740, and half in Columbia-Mobile, below $575.7 The expenditure schedule used in the Study of Consumer Purchases provided for the collection of information on family expenditures classified under 16 categories, varying in urgency from food and shelter to recreation, gifts, and minor items of a miscellaneous char acter. The schedule Contained information also on such matters as the ownership of automobiles and household equipment, including radios, pianos, mechanical refrigerators, and vacuum cleaners. In addition account was taken of transactions during the report year that increased or decreased the family assets or liabilities.8 Expenditure data covering the year 1935-36 were collected from 1,588 white families and 869 Negro families in Atlanta, and from 1,407 white and 620 Negro families in the middle-sized cities, making a 8 The report year covered a 12-month period ending not earlier than December 31, 1935, and not later than November 30,1936. The bulk of the schedules pertained to a year ending before July 1, 1936. 6 Incomes in Columbia averaged slightly higher than those in Atlanta, since half of the families reported incomes in excess of $1,050, while in Mobile the midpoint in the distribution of families by income was $725. (See vol. I.) 7 Since separate samples were taken for the two racial groups, and since the eligibility requirements operated to eliminate families that in general occupied a less favorable economic position than did non relief native born complete families, the expenditure data have not been used to represent the spending pattern of the “average” family in the cities covered. Instead, the purpose of the Study is to show how families of the kinds selected for study apportion their expenditures, and how such apportionment is in fluenced by the income status, occupational classification, and size and composition of the family. 8 See glossary, appendix B ? for definitions of the various categories of expenditure and the items included under each. INTRODUCTION 5 total of 4,484 schedules for this region.9 These data show that as family income rose the amount spent for each important group of consumption goods and services also increased. Expenditures for the different groups of items did not, however, increase with equal rapidity over the income scale.10 Thus, for example, expenditures for transportation increased more rapidly than income, at least up to the $2,000 level, while those for food and home maintenance, although much greater at all economic levels than transportation expenditures, increased much less, relatively, and so represented a declining proportion of the total in successive income classes. T able 1.— D istribu tion of adjusted fa m ily incom e 1 A T L A N T A : W H IT E F A M IL IE S Percentage of adjusted income represented by 2— Income class Aver age ad justed income $500-$749___________ $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249_______ $2,250-$2,499_______ $2,500-$2,999_______ $3,000-$3,499_______ $3,500-$3,999_______ $4,000-$4,999_______ $5,000-$7,499_______ $7,500 and over___ __ $650 901 1,150 1,394 1, 617 1, 876 2,114 2,396 2, 736 3, 238 3, 731 4, 518 5,946 11, 483 Money value of current family living Home Total Food 3 main te nance 4 104.0 110.5 106.3 101.9 101.4 101.3 97.8 96.3 92.1 90.2 89.9 83.8 83.4 65.5 47.4 41.8 35.8 33.0 31.0 30.0 28.0 26.4 25.8 23.7 22.1 19.6 17.7 12.9 35.2 37.6 36.5 34.2 34.8 34.1 31.6 31.2 29.3 30.7 30.2 27.9 26.6 20.4 N et Con sur Cloth tribu plus ing and Trans Medi tions Other or per porta cal and sonal tion 6 care per items7 deficit8 care sonal taxes ® 9.7 12.1 12.9 12.1 11.6 12.0 11.9 12.2 11.7 10.9 11.4 11.3 10.3 7.7 2.5 5.0 9.1 8.3 9.0 10.2 10.8 10.7 9.1 9.5 10.3 9.3 10.5 5.0 1.8 4.4 3.0 4.6 4.8 4.7 5.0 5.1 6.0 4.2 4.5 4.5 5.7 6.6 1.4 2.4 2.4 3.2 2.7 3.7 3.5 4.0 4.3 4.7 5.1 5.0 6.1 7.6 6.0 7.2 6.6 6.5 7.5 6.6 7.0 6.7 5.9 6.5 6.3 6.2 6.5 5.3 9 3.1 9 9.0 9 5.0 9 1.6 9 0.7 » .l 2.9 4.3 8.2 10.4 10.7 15.8 16.3 34.2 See footn otes a t end of table. 9 Each of these four groups of families constituted a sample composed as nearly as possible of the same num ber of families in each income class, within each family type and each occupational group. Since this method, by design, failed to preserve the proportions of the several groups that were found in the population of fami lies eligible for the expenditure schedule, it was necessary to use the proportions obtaining in the eligible sample as weights for all averages that represented combinations of occupational groups, of family types, or of income classes. See appendix A for a description of the method of sampling. 10 While the present study represents an investigation of differences in expenditure patterns of families at different income levels, it provides inferential though not direct evidence on how any given group of families would alter the apportionment of their spending if their incomes were raised or lowered. Thus, it is convenient to express differences in expenditures among families at different economic levels as “relative changes with income.” The relative increase over the income range in the outlay for a given category pro vides an indication of the “elasticity” of expenditures for that category. Elasticity may be measured in terms of the percentage increase over a given income range in average outlay for the category (as in ch. IX ), or it may be indicated by a comparison of the increase in average expenditures for the category in question with the increase in income or in total expenditures. Since the expenditure base has generally been used in the distribution of family expenditures, it has been convenient throughout the greater part of the report to speak of expenditures for specific groups of items as being relatively elastic or inelastic, according to whether amounts spent constituted an increasing or decreasing proportion of total expenditures. It will be apparent from tables 1, 2, and 3 that the elasticity of any category is much lower when computed in relation to income rather than to expenditures, because of the influence of deficits at the lower economic levels, and of savings in the upper portion of the income scale. 6 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES T a b l e 1.— D is tr ib u tio n o f a d ju s te d f a m i ly in c o m e — M ID D L E -S IZ E D C IT IE S : W H IT E Continued F A M IL IE S Percentage of adjusted income represented by— Income class $250-$499___________ $500-$749___________ $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249________ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749________ $1,750-$1,999________ $2,000-$2,249________ $2,250-$2,499________ $2,500-$2,999_______ $3,000-$3,499_______ $3,500-$3,999________ $4,000-$4,999_______ $5,000 and over_____ Aver age ad justed income $469 658 913 1,140 1, 379 1,635 1,881 2,145 2,379 2, 750 3, 245 3,746 4, 411 7,473 Money value of current family living Total Food 129.9 109.6 103.2 102.0 100.3 99.1 98.4 96.7 91.1 92.4 86.9 84.1 84.4 71.5 52.7 45.1 38.4 34.9 33.1 32.4 29.2 27.8 24.9 23.5 21.3 19.2 19.1 13.6 Net Con sur Cloth Home ing and Trans Medi tribu plus tions Other or main per porta cal and te sonal tion per items deficit care nance care sonal taxes 48.8 38.5 35.3 35.6 35.4 34.4 34.1 32.9 31.3 33.1 30.4 29.8 28.9 25.3 A TLA N TA : NEGRO Under $250_________ $250-$499___________ $500-$749___________ $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249________ $1,250-$1,499________ $1,500-$1,749________ $1,750-$1,999________ $2,000-$2,249________ $2,250-$2,499_______ $2,500-$2,999_______ $3,000-$3,499_______ $3,500-$3,999________ $4,000 and o v e r ____ $236 437 667 917 1,185 1,409 1, 677 1,914 2,147 2, 374 2,711 3, 323 3,929 5,447 143.2 109.6 101.2 97.5 96.1 94.1 92.5 87.0 85.9 82.6 75.0 74.5 73.2 71.9 55.9 45.1 39.0 33.9 31.2 26.8 26.0 22.7 23.9 21.6 18.6 17.1 14.5 14.0 M ID D L E -S IZ E D Under $250 ________ $250-$499___________ $500-$749___________ $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249________ $1,250-$1,499________ $1,500-$1,749________ $1,750-$1,999________ $2,000-$2,249________ $2,250-$2,499________ $2,500 and over_____ $238 403 624 875 1,131 1,428 1,628 1,893 2,158 2,384 3,170 115.1 101.4 98.2 96.1 96.6 98.7 93.3 84.8 76.8 88.3 68.0 51.7 41.6 37.1 34.2 31.1 29.9 25.9 26.7 22.1 19.7 18.6 65.7 41.8 33.5 30.3 29.8 29.8 28.5 26.7 27.3 27.2 24.2 23.2 17.5 18.9 13.0 11.0 10.2 11.2 11.0 11.1 10.8 11.6 10.6 11.1 10.6 10.0 9.9 9.2 5.3 5.3 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.8 4.4 4.6 3.3 3.5 4.1 3.3 2.7 1.1 1.4 1.9 2.2 2.8 3.1 3.2 4.0 4.4 4.7 4.4 6.0 6.5 7.8 5.8 6.2 6.9 7.2 6.2 6.5 6.8 6.7 6.7 6.7 6.7 5.9 6.8 5.9 ^28.2 9 7.3 9 1.5 9 1.4 .4 1.3 1.9 4.0 8.9 7.7 13.9 16.0 16.2 28.7 8.1 4.3 5.4 5.5 4.7 5.0 5.2 4.9 3.5 3.5 4.4 3.2 6.8 1.9 0.8 2.1 2.5 3.4 3.5 4.3 3.1 3.3 4.2 4.3 4.3 3.8 1.9 5.1 4.2 5.5 5.8 5.8 5.9 6.0 6.9 6.1 6.2 7.4 5.9 6.1 6.9 8.1 9 41.5 9 7. 3 .3 2.9 5.0 6.2 8.3 13.9 14.0 17.7 25.6 24.4 25.7 27.7 0.8 2.0 2.9 4.2 4.2 3.6 6.4 2.9 7.0 6.3 3.9 2. 5 4.2 5.8 6.5 6.5 9.2 5.3 7.2 5.8 6.5 3.5 914. 3 9 1.2 1.9 3.4 3.4 1.1 7.6 13.9 21.8 11.7 34.0 F A M IL IE S 6.8 8.7 11.0 12.8 13.4 14.0 14.3 13.5 11.4 11.3 12.7 13.1 12.3 12.4 C IT IE S : N E G R O 50.8 37.7 30.4 28.6 30.0 25.4 26. 5 27.5 21.4 28.6 21.7 3.2 2.1 5.8 6.1 7.0 7.0 9.5 9.3 8.6 10.0 10.0 9.1 9.9 7.0 5.9 9.9 12.7 14.1 13.8 15.2 12.5 11.3 10.3 11.5 12.7 1.7 2.1 4.0 5.8 7.6 8.2 8.5 9.8 9.4 7.3 4.9 8.0 13.3 11.5 F A M IL IE S 0.5 2.9 2.6 5.2 8.9 11.4 4.6 6.0 11.6 2.6 3.4 5.5 6.4 5.9 5.8 6.5 5.3 4.6 4.2 4.1 5.0 1 The adjusted family income figures used in this table represents total family income as used in the income classification (money income plus the value of housing received without money expense), and in addition the value of food and fuel obtained without money expense. 2 The value of current family living plus surplus (or minus deficit) does not equal exactly 100 percent of adjusted family income because of the net balancing difference. See glossary, appendix B, and Tabular Summary, table 1. 3 Includes expenditures for food and the value of food obtained without money expense. 4 Includes expenditures for housing, household operation, and furnishings and equipment, and the value of housing and fuel obtained without money expense. 5 Includes expenditures for automobile purchase and operation, and other transportation. 6 Excludes sales taxes, which were included in the expense for the items to which they applied; auto mobile taxes, which were included in automobile operation expense; taxes on owned homes, included in housing expense; and taxes on other real estate, which were deducted from the gross income from such property. 7 Includes expenditures for recreation, reading, education, tobacco, and miscellaneous items. * N et surplus represents the excess of average money income over average current money expenditures. See ch. II. 0 Deficit. INTRODUCTION 7 The urgency of the demand for food and home maintenance is so great that among the low income groups these two categories to gether absorbed all but a small proportion of current income. (See table 1.) In fact, among the lowest income class covered in each group average current income was insufficient to cover average expend itures for food and home maintenance alone.11 Average net deficits declined as income rose, but the point at which current income bal anced current expenditures came at a much lower level among the white group. Among Negroes in Atlanta receiving incomes of $750 to $1,000, aggregate savings exceeded aggregate deficits, but among white families in the same city that balance was not achieved until the $2,000 to $2,250 level was reached. When the other categories of current expense are also considered as a proportion of current income, it appears that each received an increasing proportion of the total up to a certain point in the income scale. After that point, which varied for the several categories, all of them except contributions and personal taxes registered more or less relative decline, giving way to the increased proportion going to savings. Medical care is the only group for which the expenditure pattern is not clearly defined in relation to income. The wide varia tion from income level to income level in the proportion of income going to medical services and supplies testifies to the emergency character of the great bulk of such expenditures. The level at which a family lives in any given year depends not only on its current income, its past savings, and its credit standing, but also upon goods and services received without money expense. The most important of these nonmoney items for most families is the unpaid services of the housewife, but it is so difficult to arrive at a satisfactory method of evaluating such services that this factor of income was not included in the present study. It was possible, how ever, to obtain data on the value of the housing received by home owners without money expense in the year of the survey, of housing received as gift or pay, and of food and fuel received without money expense. The data given in table 1 include all these nonmoney items in the figure given for total income, and in the appropriate categories under the heading “Money value of current family living/712 as a percentage of total income. It is of interest, however, to follow average consumption patterns at successive income levels without regard to the source of the funds used, and without regard to savings. The 11 Expenditures for current living include the value of all goods and services secured through unpaid bills or loans, as well as cash expenditures. (See glossary, appendix B, for definition of expenditures.) 12 Throughout the bulletin the term “expenditures” is used to include both money expenditures and the estimated money value of certain items obtained without money outlay during the year. The term “total expenditures for current living” and “money value of current family living” are thus synonymous, and will be used interchangeably. Since nonmoney items of consumption have been recorded only for housing, fuel, and food, money expenditures for all other categories represent the only measure of family spending for those categories. 1 2 5 0 1 8 ° — 4 0 -------2 8 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES T able 2 , — D is tr ib u tio n o f m o n e y va lu e o f c u rre n t f a m i ly liv in g , b y m a jo r g ro u p s A T L A N T A : W H IT E Income class $500-1749____________ $750-$999 ____ $1,000-$1,249__________ $1,250-$1,499 _________ $1,500~$1,749__________ $1,750-$1,999 ___ $2,000-$2,249 ____ $2,250-$2,499__________ $2,500-$2,999 ___ $3,000-$3,499 $3,500-$3,999 ______ $4,000-$4,999__________ $5,000-$7,499__________ $7,500 and over.. _ _ - Average total value of family living 1 $676 996 1, 222 1,420 1,639 1,901 2,068 2,307 2, 519 2,920 3,356 3,785 4,959 7,530 Percentage of money value of current family living 2 Food 45.5 37.8 33.6 32.5 30.6 29.6 28.6 27.4 28.0 26.3 24.6 23.5 21.3 19.7 M ID D L E -S IZ E D $250-$499_____________ $500-$749_____________ $750-$999_____________ $1,000-$1,249__________ $1,250-$1,499__________ $1,500-$1,749__________ $1,750-$1,999__________ $2,000-$2,249__________ $2,250-$2,499__________ $2,500-$2,999__________ $3,000-$3,499__________ $3,500-$3,999__________ $4,000-$4,999__________ $5,000 and o v e r ____ _ $609 721 943 1,163 1,383 1,622 1,850 2,073 2,167 2, 541 2,819 3,148 3, 725 5, 342 40.6 41.2 37.2 34.2 33.1 32.7 29.7 28.7 27.3 25.4 24.5 22.8 22.7 19.1 Home Clothing Trans mainte and per porta sonal tion nance care 33.9 34.1 34.3 33.6 34.3 33.7 32.4 32.5 31.9 34.0 33.5 33.4 31.8 31.0 $338 479 675 894 1,139 1,326 1, 552 1,665 1,845 1,960 2,033 2,474 2,876 3,914 39.0 41.1 38.5 34.8 32.4 28.5 28.1 26.2 27.9 26.2 24.8 23.0 19.8 19.4 M ID D L E -S IZ E D Under $250___________ $250-$499_____________ $500-$749_____________ $750-$999_____________ $1,000-$1,249__________ $1,250-$1,499__________ $1,500-$1,749__________ $1,750-$1,999__________ $2,000-$2,249__________ $2,250-$2,499__________ $2,500 and over____ _ 1 2 $274 409 613 841 1,092 1,410 1,518 1,606 1, 659 2,105 2,133 44.9 41.1 37.9 35.6 32.2 30.2 27.7 31.4 28.7 22.3 27.2 9.3 10.9 12.1 11.8 11.5 11.8 12.2 12.7 12.7 12.1 12.7 13.4 12.4 11.7 C IT IE S : W H IT E 37.6 35.1 34.2 34.9 35.3 34.7 34.7 34.0 34.3 35.8 35.0 35.4 34.2 35.3 A TLA N TA : NEGRO Under $250___________ $250-$499_____________ $500-$749_____________ $750-$999_____________ $1,000-$1,249__________ $1,250-$1,499__________ $1,500-$1,749__________ $1,750-$1,999__________ $2,000-$2,249__________ $2,250-$2,499__________ $2,500-$2,999__________ $3,000-$3,499__________ $3,500-$3,999__________ $4,000 and over____ _ F A M IL IE S 45.9 38.2 33.1 31.1 31.0 31.7 30.8 30.7 31.8 32.9 32.3 31.2 23.9 26.4 2.4 4. 5 8.6 8.2 8.8 10.1 11.0 11.1 9.9 10. 5 11.5 11.1 12.5 7.7 1.8 4.0 2.9 4.5 4.7 4.7 5.1 5.3 6. 5 4.6 5.0 5.3 6.9 10.1 1.3 2.2 2. 3 3.1 2.7 3. 6 3. 6 4.1 4.6 5.2 5. 7 5.9 7.3 11.7 5.8 6. 5 6.2 6.3 7.4 6. 5 7.1 6.9 6.4 7. 3 7.0 7.4 7.8 8.1 2.5 1.9 5.6 5.9 6.9 7.1 9.7 9.7 9.4 10.8 11.5 10.8 11.7 9.8 4.1 4.9 4.6 4.7 4.8 4.6 4.8 4.5 5.1 3.6 4.1 4.9 4.0 3.8 0.8 1.2 1.8 2.2 2.7 3.1 3.2 4.2 4.8 5.1 5.0 7.2 7.7 11.0 4.4 5.7 6.7 7.1 6.2 6.6 6.9 6.9 7.4 7.3 7.7 7.0 8.0 8.2 1.2 1.9 4.0 5.9 7.9 8.7 9.1 11.2 10.9 8.9 6.6 10.8 18.2 16.0 5.6 4.0 5.3 5.6 4.9 5.3 5.7 5.6 4.1 4.2 5.8 4.2 9.2 2.7 0.6 1.9 2.5 3.5 3.7 4.5 3.4 3.8 4.9 5.2 5.7 5.1 2.6 7.1 3.0 5.0 5.8 5.9 6. 1 6.4 7.4 7.0 7.2 8.9 7.9 8.2 9.4 11.2 2.9 5.4 6.5 6.2 6.0 6.6 5.7 5.5 5.5 4.7 7.6 0.7 1.9 2.9 4.4 4.4 3.7 6.9 3.4 9.2 7.1 5.9 2.2 4.2 5.9 6.8 6.7 9.4 5.7 8.5 7.6 7.4 5.2 F A M IL IE S 10.0 10.0 9.9 11.0 11.0 11.2 11.0 12.0 11.7 12.0 12.2 11.9 11.7 12.8 F A M IL IE S 4.7 7.9 10.8 13.2 14.0 14.9 15.5 15.5 13.2 13.7 16.9 17.5 16.9 17.2 C IT IE S : N E G R O 44.2 37.1 31.0 29.7 31.0 25.7 28.4 32.4 27.8 32 3 32.2 Contri butions Medical and per Other care sonal items taxes 5.1 9.8 12.9 14.6 14.3 15.4 13.4 13.3 13.4 13.0 18.2 F A M IL IE S 0 .5 2.9 2.7 5.4 9.0 12.2 5.5 7.8 13.2 3.7 See glossary, appendix B, for definition of money value of current family living. See table 1, footnotes 3-7, for definition of categories included in the money value of current family living. 9 distribution given in table 2 shows expenditures for the major cate gories as a percentage of total expenditures for current living and makes clear the changes in emphasis that follow changes in income status. At the lower income levels, food, most urgent of the essentials of living, absorbed a larger proportion of total expenditures than any other category.13 Food and home maintenance (housing, house hold operation, and furnishings and equipment combined) accounted for more than three-fourths of total expenditures among white families with incomes under $750 and among Negroes below the $500 level. The urgency of these items resulted in very small allowances at such levels for other goods and services. With increases in income the amounts spent for food and home maintenance also increased, but other family wants gained a more important position, relatively, so that the proportion of total outlay going for food and home main tenance declined. Even in the highest income classes, however, these two categories accounted for half, or almost half, of aggregate expenditures. Expenditures for clothing and personal care generally took the third largest share of total expenditures. Unlike the food and home maintenance categories, this group increased in relative importance in the total expenditure pattern as well as in absolute amount as income rose. This rise in relative importance of clothing and personal care was quite moderate among white families, but among Negroes such expenditures increased greatly as a proportion of total outlay between the lower and upper ends of the income scale. Although the ownership of an automobile cannot be regarded as essential for families living in urban communities, at least half of the families above the $1,500 income level in both racial groups were car owners and among white families at least one in eight reported ownership even at the bottom of the income scale. Thus, transporta tion expenditures are predominantly expenditures for purchase and operation of automobiles at almost all income levels above the lowest. The rapid growth within a generation in automobile expenditures to rank among the major categories in the family budget probably repre sents a more striking change in spending habits than has ever before occurred in an equal period of time. At virtually all income levels in these Southeastern cities outlay for medical care averaged between 4 and 6 percent of aggregate expenditures, with no consistent tendency toward either increase or decrease in relative importance over the income range. Average amounts spent rose in successive income classes, although rather irregularly. There were very wide variations in the amounts spent INTRODUCTION 13 Except among Atlanta Negro families with incomes under $250. In this group, expenditures for home maintenance exceeded those for food. FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 10 among families in the same income class, with some families reporting no outlay, and a few reporting medical bills of several hundred dollars. The category designated as contributions and personal taxes in the present study differs in character somewhat from other groups of expenditure items. Insofar as gifts made to persons outside the economic family are balanced by gifts received, such expenditures constitute a part of direct family consumption. Sums spent for items such as money contributions toward the support of individuals or institutions, and personal taxes, represent aspects of family spend ing that are less directly related to goods and services consumed than are most other expenditures. Nevertheless, for taxes and contri butions to religious organizations, at least, the families making such expenditures receive returns in a variety of forms that constitute important elements in their pattern of living. Expenditures for contributions and personal taxes were more elastic than those for any of the other categories of consumption, rising, for white families, from 1 percent of total expenditures at the lowest income level studied to 11 percent of that total at the top of the income scale. At most income levels donations to church and other religious organizations were the largest item, particularly among Negro families. The taxes included in this category were quite small at all but the highest income levels studied, since they comprise only income, personal property, and poll taxes.11 Expenditures for recreation, tobacco, reading, education, and miscellaneous items have been grouped in tables 1, 2, and 3 under the heading “other items/’ Among these, recreation was the largest at most income levels. Outlay for goods and services included in recreation increased not only in average amounts but as a proportion of the total. Admissions to motion pictures were generally the largest single item in this category. Tobacco accounted for between 1 and 3 percent of expenditures for current living at all income levels, with a slight tendency toward decline in relative importance in the upper part of the income scale. Expenditures for reading, comprising chiefly newspapers, were small, amounting to only about 1 percent of total expenditures throughout the income range. Expenditures for education were even smaller than those for reading except in the upper part of the income scale, and accounted for less than 2 percent of aggregate outlay save among Negro families with incomes above $1,250. In present-day urban communities average family expenditures in money are (table 3) very similar to average total family expenditures (i. e., value of current living) presented in table 2. The value of hous ing obtained without money expense in the report year was generally the largest nonmoney item in family living, although at some income 14 See glossary, appendix B, for a statement of the expenditure categories in which other taxes were entered. 11 INTRODUCTION T able 3.— D istribu tion Income class $500-$749_____________ $750-$999_____________ $1.000-$1,249__________ $1,250-$1,499__________ $1,500-$1,749__________ $1,750-$1,999__________ $2,000-$2,249__________ $2,250-$2,499__________ $2,500-$2,999__________ $3,000-$3,499__________ $3,500-13,999__________ $4,000-$4,999__________ $5,000-$7,499__________ $7,500 and o ver_._ ___ of m oney expenditures fo r current fa m ily livin g , by m ajor groups ATLANTA: W HITE FAMILIES Average total money expendi tures 1 $666 978 1,179 1, 381 1, 581 1, 836 1,997 2, 217 2, 387 2,797 3,170 3, 567 4, 649 6, 922 Percentage of money expenditures Food 45.5 37.6 32.9 32.4 31. 1 29.9 29.4 27.6 28.7 26.9 25.3 23. 7 22.0 20.9 Contribu Home Clothing Other mainte and per Transpor Medical tions and items 5 nance 2 sonal care tation 3 care personal taxes 4 33.6 33.7 33.8 32. 7 32.5 32.1 30.2 30.5 29.1 31.6 30.4 30.5 28.2 25.4 9.4 11.1 12.5 12.2 11.9 12.2 12.7 13.3 13.3 12.6 13.4 14.2 13.2 12.8 2.4 4.6 8.9 8.4 9. 1 10.4 11.4 11.6 10.5 10.9 12. 2 11.8 13.3 8.4 1.8 4.1 3.0 4.6 4.9 4.8 5.3 5.5 6.8 4.8 5.3 5.7 7.3 11.0 1.4 2.2 2.4 3.2 2.8 3.8 3.7 4.3 4.9 5.5 6.0 6.3 7.8 12.7 5.9 6. 7 6.5 6.5 7. 7 6.8 7.3 7.2 6.7 7.7 7.4 7.8 8.2 8.8 4.4 5.3 4.8 4.9 5.1 4.9 5.1 4.8 5.3 3.8 4.3 5.2 4.2 4.1 0.9 1.3 1.9 2.2 2.9 3.3 3.4 4.4 5.1 5.5 5.3 7.6 8.2 11.9 4.8 6.0 7.0 7.3 6.4 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.8 7.7 8.3 7.4 8.5 8.8 6.8 4. 5 5.7 6.2 5.5 5.8 6.1 5.8 4.4 4.5 6.4 4.4 9.7 2.9 0.7 2.1 2.7 3.8 4.1 5.0 3.6 3.9 5.3 5.6 6.2 5.3 2.8 7.8 3.6 5.7 6.2 6.5 6.8 7.1 8.0 7.3 7.8 9.7 8.6 8.7 10.0 12.2 3.7 5.8 6.9 6.6 6.6 7.3 6.1 5.3 5.8 5.2 7.9 0.9 2.1 3.1 4.7 4.8 4.1 7.4 3.4 9.8 8.0 6.1 3.0 4.6 6.2 7.3 7.3 10.4 6. 1 8.6 8.2 8.3 5.5 MIDDLE-SIZED CITIES: W HITE FAMILIES $250-$499_____________ $500-$749_____________ $750-$999_____________ $1,Q00-$1,249__________ $1,250-$1,499__________ $1,500-$ 1,749__________ $1,750-$1,999__________ $2,000-$2,249__________ $2,250-$2,499__________ $2,500-$2,999__________ $3,000-$3,499__________ $3,500-$3,999__________ $4,000-$4,999__________ $5,000 and over_______ $561 670 891 1,117 1, 306 1, 525 1,767 1,972 2, 047 2, 387 2, 643 2, 967 3, 500 4,952 39.7 40.2 36.8 34.3 33. 2 33. 3 30. 3 29. 5 28.4 26.4 25.8 23.8 23.2 20. 1 36.6 34.4 33.0 33.7 33.4 32.0 32.4 31.2 31.0 32.2 31.0 31.9 31.0 30.7 10.9 10.8 10.5 11.4 11.6 11.9 11.5 12.6 12.4 12.8 13.1 12.5 12.5 13.9 2.7 2.0 6.0 6.2 7.4 7.5 10.1 10.2 10.0 11.6 12.2 11.6 12.4 10.5 ATLANTA: NEGRO FAMILIES Under $250________ __ $250-$499_____________ $500-$749_____________ $750-$999_____________ $1,000-$1,249__________ $1,250-$1,499__________ $1,500-$1,749__________ $1,750-$1,999__________ $2,000-$2,249__________ $2,250-$2,499__________ $2,500-$2,999__________ $3,000-$3,499__________ $3,500-$3,999__________ $4,000 and o v e r ...___ $279 420 631 812 1. 018 1. 206 1, 434 1, 617 1, 716 1, 823 1,856 2, 358 2, 731 3, 597 36.2 36.8 36. 2 32.0 29.8 27.5 28.6 25.6 29.5 27.6 26. 7 23.9 18.0 19.6 45.6 39.8 33.4 30.4 29.3 28.7 27.0 29.9 27.1 28.3 26.3 28. 1 22.6 21.4 5.7 9.0 11.5 14.6 15.6 16.3 16.9 15.9 14.2 14.7 18. 5 18.4 17.8 18.7 1.4 2.1 4.3 6.5 8.9 9.6 9.8 11.6 11. 7 9.6 7.3 11.2 19.1 17.4 MIDDLE-SIZED CITIES: NEGRO FAMILIES Under $250___________ $250-$499_____________ $500-$749_____________ $750-$999_____________ $1,000-$1,249__________ $1,250-$1,499__________ $1,500-$1,749_________ $1,750-$1,999__________ $2,000-$2,249__________ $2,250-$2,499__________ $2,500 and over_______ $214 376 580 783 1,001 1, 270 1,418 •1, 623 1, 554 1,876 2,050 38.2 40.1 37.8 35.0 33.2 30.2 28.8 31.1 29.9 24.4 27.4 47.5 36.1 29.3 27.7 26.6 20.9 24.2 33.1 23.7 24.7 30.4 6.5 10.6 13.6 15.7 15.6 17.1 14.4 13.1 14.3 14.6 18.9 0.2 .7 3.1 3.0 5.9 10.0 13.0 5.4 8.3 14.8 3.8 1 See glossary, appendix B, for the definition of expenditures used in this study. 2 Includes expenditures for housing, household operation, and furnishings and equipment. 3 Includes expenditures for automobile purchase and operation, and other transportation. 4 Excludes sales taxes, which were included in the expense for the items to which they applied; automobile taxes, which were included in automobile operation expense; taxes on owned homes, included in housing ex pense; and taxes on other real property, which were deducted from the gross income from such property. 5 Includes expenditures for recreation, tobacco, reading, education, and other items. FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 12 levels, particularly among the Negroes, the value of free food was also substantial. Hence, only these two categories represented larger pro portions of the total current expenditures than of total money ex penditures in any part of the income range. The difference between money expenditures for consumption goods and the total money value of goods consumed average above $200 among Atlanta white families with incomes of $4,000 and over, but less than $20 among those with incomes under $1,000. The ensuing report will attempt to indicate in greater detail the answers to questions toward which the investigation was directed. For example: At succeeding income levels, which categories of ex penditure increase most regularly and which most irregularly? How do these changes in expenditures vary as between smaller and larger, or younger and older families? Between wage-earner and profes sional groups? At what income level do families enter the market or withdraw therefrom, for particular kinds of goods and services? Which are relatively urgent items in the family budget, which assume the behavior of luxuries? It is hoped that consideration given to questions like these may have a bearing on such problems as the estab lishment of wage levels; the development of family budgets; estimates of national consumption; the relative taxability of successive income strata; the effectiveness of current marketing programs; and, in the large, the problem of keeping production in balance with consumption. Chapter II The Family Balance Sheet The balance sheet for families studied in the Southeast communities may be presented by comparing money income with money expendi tures for current living. Such a balance sheet, calculated for groups at successive income levels, measures the changing relationship between income and consumption along the income scale, and brings to light the prevalence among low income groups of deficit financing and, in the upper income groups, of surpluses that account for sub stantial proportions of income. T able 4.— Average m oney incom e and m oney expenditures for livin g 1 current fa m ily WHITE FAMILIES Atlanta Income class Middle-sized cities Money in come $250-$499____________________________________ $500-$749____________________________________ $750-$999____________________________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________________________ $2,250-$2;499_________________________________ $2,500-$2,999_________________________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________________________ $4,000-$4,999_________________________________ $5,000-$7,499_________________________________ $7,500 and over ___ _______ ____ ___ Money ex penditures for family living (2) (2) $640 883 1,107 1, 355 1, 559 1,811 2,043 2, 306 2,604 3,115 3, 545 4,300 5,636 10,875 Money in come Money ex penditures for family living $666 978 1,179 1,381 1,581 1,836 1,997 2, 217 2,387 2, 797 3,170 3, 567 4,649 6,922 $421 607 861 1,094 1, 302 1, 538 1,798 2,044 2,259 2,596 3,069 3, 565 4,186 3 7,083 (3) $561 670 891 1,117 1,306 1, 525 1, 767 1,972 2,047 2,387 2,643 2,967 3,500 3 4,952 (a) $279 420 631 812 1,018 1,206 1,434 1,617 1,716 1,823 1,856 2, 358 2, 731 3, 597 $178 370 591 817 1,040 , 288 1,528 1,910 2,053 2,155 3,087 (4) (4) (4) $214 376 580 783 1, 270 1,418 1,623 1, 554 1,876 2,050 NEGRO FAMILIES Under $250_ _ ________ __ _ ___ ____________ $250-$499_____________________________________ $500-$749_____________________________________ $750-$999_____________________________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________________________ $2,500-$2,999_________________________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________________________ $4,000 and over________________ _ __________ $177 378 623 835 1,064 1,289 1, 559 2,018 2,237 2, 534 3,207 3, 784 5,130 1,866 1,001 1 4 4 (4) (4) (4) 1 The difference between average money income and average money expenditures equals the average net surplus or deficit, shown in table 5, except for the balancing difference (never as much as 5.5 percent of total receipts or disbursements, whichever was larger, for any scheduled family); the net balancing difference is given in the Tabular Summary, table 1. 2 No expenditure schedules taken for families at this income level. 3 Data for families with incomes of $5,000 and over were combined. 4 Data for families with incomes of $2,500 and over were combined. 13 14 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES Among Negro families spending exceeded income only below the $750 level in Atlanta and the $500 level in Mobile-Columbia. Among white families, however, average money expenditures exceeded aver age money income in each income class up to $2,000 in Atlanta, and $1,500 in the middle-sized cities. To make up the difference, which was quite substantial at the lowest levels, particularly among white families, savings were depleted, money was borrowed, or goods were bought on credit. In the income groups whose average income exceeded average expenditures, this favorable balance grew rapidly with income, amounting to nearly $4,000, or over one-third of money income, for Atlanta white families in the highest income group covered. (See table 4.) Current income and family resources.—Over an extended period of time, most families may be expected to strike a balance between their incomes and their expenditures plus savings. This does not mean, however, that in any given year a family will match current expenditures with current income. Older families may be living on the capital as well as the income of past accumulations. A young head of family may assume obligations for durable goods, such as furniture, that cannot be met out of his income for the year. Families of business and professional workers may maintain a fairly constant level of living in spite of year to year variations in income, with the result that deficits are incurred in some years and surpluses are achieved in others. A large emergency expense for medical care may make it necessary to retrench on savings or go into debt. Ordinarily, families in the lower part of the income scale will not be in a position to buy a gas range or an electric refrigerator for cash, and often not out of available savings. Hence, in any particular year, it is to be expected that part of the families will increase their liabilities in order to improve their level of living, while others are keeping well within their incomes, and perhaps reducing their obligations on the previous year's commit ments. It should be noted in this connection that the year covered by the Study of Consumer Purchases (1935-36) was not a “normal” one for a substantial proportion of the families. Incomes of many of them had not regained predepression levels, even though business condi tions generally were improving and employment increasing. It is quite probable that some families, after restricted buying for several years, were beginning to incur obligations beyond current incomes, predicated upon the hope of steady employment and future increases in income. Thus, the net deficit for a family or a group of families in the period of the Study may not reflect a chronic tendency to live beyond income, but rather an optimistic outlook in 1935-36 regarding future income. Some evidence on this point is supplied by the data on net installment obligations for Atlanta families, presented in THE FAMILY BALANCE SHEET 15 chapter VIII, which show that the average amounts due on install ment purchases at the end of the year were greater than those with which the year began. Had the Study of Consumer Purchases been conducted at another stage in the business cycle, the surplus and deficit record would per haps have been different in some important respects. At some later date family balance sheets may be studied for a number of successive years, to determine the regularity with which families balance net increases in assets against net increases in liabilities. Meanwhile, an examination of the surpluses and deficits for the year 1935-36 shows that, in the Southeast, as in other regions studied, there were occa sional families with strikingly unbalanced budgets for the year. These cases are apt to distort the averages for the group, but such instances of random fluctuations in the sample do not as a rule obscure the general relationships indicated by the data. Surplus and deficit by income levels.—The figures presented in table 4 on money income and expenditures for current living represent aver ages for the entire group of families in the specified income classes. At each income level, however, there were some families that showed a net surplus for the year, and, among the white families, some that reported a deficit. (See table 5.)1 In most income groups there were likewise a few families that came out even for the year, and reported neither surplus nor deficit. Among the white families fewer than half of all those with incomes below $1,000 in Atlanta and $750 in the middle-sized cities reported a surplus for the year. At the other end of the income scale, approxi mately 90 percent of those with incomes of $4,000 and over in Atlanta, and $3,000 or more in Mobile-Columbia, kept money expenditures below money income. Among those families at the lower part of the income scale that showed a surplus, the average amount per family was less than $100 up to the $1,250 income level. Such averages increased rather steadily with income, however, reaching $500 at the $3,000 income level in both Atlanta and the middle-sized cities, and well over $1,000 for the few families at the top of the income scale. 1 The average surpluses and deficits shown in table 5 are compiled from detailed reports of changes in assets and changes in liabilities. These detailed reports were treated as part of the record of money disbursements and money receipts to determine whether the total reported money disbursements balanced with the total reported money receipts. As used in the present study, the term ‘‘disbursements’' includes money expendi tures for current living and amounts spent to increase assets or decrease liabilities, while receipts include money income and funds used for family living which were obtained through decreasing assets or increasing liabilities. A schedule was accepted if money receipts and money disbursements agreed within 5.5 percent. It follows from this method that the difference between average money income and average money expendi tures shown in table 4 will not agree precisely with the average surplus or deficit for all families shown in the last column of table 5. (See discussion of balancing difference in glossary.) At most income levels in each city unit, among both the white and Negro families, the net balancing difference was negative, by amounts that rarely exceeded $20 in any income class. No attempt was made to force a balance. It would have been impossible to account precisely for these minor discrepancies without unduly prolonging the field interviews. They may have resulted from incorrect estimates of income, expenditures, savings, or deficits. In any event the average differences were too small to be significant. 16 F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S T able 5 .— Average net su rplu s and deficit A T L A N T A : W H IT E F A M IL IE S Families having surplus i Families having deficit1 Average net surplus or deficit (—) Income class Percentage $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749 _______________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_ ______________ $2,250-$2,499 _______________ $2,500-$2,999 ______________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________ $4,000-$4,999_ ______________ $5,000-$7,499_________________ $7,500 and over --------- -------- 62 41 51 52 56 63 65 60 75 82 78 90 90 96 Average amount Percentage $40 76 84 113 142 165 241 363 381 502 636 835 1,257 4,157 Average amount 38 58 45 47 42 37 34 40 24 18 22 10 10 4 $118 192 225 173 217 290 281 295 278 402 465 398 1,750 1,405 Percentage A m ount2 of money income —$20 -81 -5 8 -2 3 -1 1 -2 60 102 221 336 399 714 968 3,923 33 39 35 32 31 (*) 3 4 8 11 11 17 17 36 $190 125 126 187 197 230 285 281 261 379 333 172 453 1,191 -$132 -4 8 -1 4 -1 6 5 22 35 86 213 214 452 600 716 2,144 3 31 38 32 31 (*) 1 2 4 9 8 15 17 17 30 $148 102 69 77 105 142 321 333 189 80 339 —$97 -3 2 2 27 59 87 140 267 301 420 695 810 1,008 1,509 3 55 38 (*) 3 6 7 9 14 15 19 27 25 27 29 —$34 -5 12 30 39 16 123 264 470 279 1,109 3-1 9 3_1 2 4 4 1 8 14 23 13 36 MIDDLE-SIZED CITIES:: WHITE FAMILIES $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ $2,500-$2,999_________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________ $4,000-$4,999_________________ -----------$5,000 and over 15 42 57 59 61 62 66 68 82 76 94 89 81 90 $27 38 55 80 120 156 190 239 321 391 505 692 994 2,512 A TLA N TA : NEGRO Under $250__________________ $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_ ______________ $2,500-$2,999_________________ $3,000-$3,499 _____________ $3,500-$3,999 ____________ $4,000 and over_ ___________ 29 50 63 69 81 85 76 84 86 90 94 100 100 100 M ID D L E -S IZ E D 1 C O *1 Under $250_ _______________ $250-$499 ________________ $750-$999 _______________ $1,000-$1,249 ______________ $1,250-$1,499 ______________ $1,500-$1,749 ______________ $1,750-$1,999 _____________ $2,000-$2,249 ________ $2,250-$2,499 _____________ $2,500 and over ________ _ 27 49 60 78 79 72 86 93 100 81 100 $10 20 32 71 98 127 255 378 383 476 756 810 1,008 1,509 72 51 36 34 35 33 32 27 18 22 6 9 19 10 F A M IL IE S 67 41 26 29 19 15 17 16 14 10 6 C IT IE S : N E G R O $11 18 40 67 83 148 254 328 470 359 1,109 57 24 23 14 20 24 14 7 19 F A M IL IE S $65 59 52 162 138 381 664 577 63 1 Excludes families whose schedules showed an exact balance for the year. 2 For a reconciliation of the average net surplus or deficit with the difference between average income and expenditure, as shown in table 4, above, see Tabular Summary, table 1, 3 Deficit. * Less than l percent. T H E F A M IL Y B A L A N C E S H E E T 17 For the families that incurred a deficit, on the other hand, the average amount per family was well over $100 in every income group. This figure also increased with income, although less consistently than did surpluses. At the top of the income scale average deficits among white families going “into the red” were over $1,000. When these surpluses and deficits are combined to give a net figure for all families at each income level at the lower end of the income scale, the more numerous and more sizable deficits outweigh the sur pluses. The net figure is thus an average deficit for all white families with incomes under $2,000 in Atlanta, and under $1,250 in the middlesized cities. Among Negro families, as suggested by the figures in table 4, a relatively large percentage reported surpluses, even in the low income groups. Among those receiving less than $250, over one-fourth man aged to keep current money expenditures below current money income, while above the $1,000 level in Atlanta at least four out of five ended the year with a surplus, and above $3,000 every Atlanta Negro family studied had a margin of money income over money expenditures. As in the case of white families, average surpluses rose rapidly with in come, while average deficits of the comparatively small number that did not make ends meet also rose along the income scale, although much less regularly than surpluses. Intercity differences in balance-sheet records.—As between Atlanta and the middle-sized cities, families in the latter communities quite consistently had smaller average outlays for current living than did families in the same income groups in Atlanta, and thus came out at the end of the year with smaller deficits or larger surpluses. This relationship held for both white and Negro families, and appeared to rest chiefly on the fact that a greater percentage succeeded in achieving surpluses in Mobile-Columbia than in Atlanta, rather than that sur pluses among families making savings were larger in the smaller cities. Racial differences in balance-sheet records.—Even more striking than intercity differences in the relation between income and expenditures in the Southeast were the differences between white and Negro fami lies. In Atlanta the current money expenditures of Negro families usually averaged from $100 to $500 below those of white families at the same income level, and the disparity increased along the income scale. A similar showing was made in the middle-sized cities. In fact, the average expenditures of Negro families at the upper income levels in both urban units were usually less than those of white families at the next lower income level. It is therefore not surprising that, as already noted, Negro families kept expenditures within income at lower levels than did white families, and showed average net surpluses considerably lower in the income scale. Furthermore, even at the F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S 18 levels at which both racial groups had average net surpluses, those of white families were smaller by $100 or more than those of the Negroes. Atlanta Negro families had average surpluses larger by $80 to $400 than those of the white families in Mobile-Columbia. Both in the percentage of families reporting a surplus and in the average size of surplus of such families Negroes outranked white families in the same income class. Explanations for these racial differences are not difficult to find. At the lower economic levels Negro families are much less likely than whites to have reserves on which they can draw; and more restricted opportunities to obtain credit. The fact that the difference between the expenditure patterns of the whites and Negroes persists in the upper income levels suggests that the more restricted opportunities of the Negroes for future increases in income (see vol. I of this report) have resulted in a definite difference in the attitude toward savings of the two groups. Apparently Negro families are less likely than white families to expand consumption to keep pace with increased income. The data presented here suggest that, once “necessity” out lays are taken care of, Negro families show less tendency to increase their luxury expenditures, and hence they tend to accumulate more rapidly increasing surpluses. Surplus and deficit among occupational groups.2—Occupational dif ferences in the relation between income and expenditures were not well-defined in the Southeastern communities studied. The smaller number of families in the individual occupational groups resulted in averages that sometimes varied widely from one income class to another and failed to show consistent relationships over the income range or in the different communities. There was, however, some tendency for wage-earner families to have smaller total expenditures and hence larger surpluses (or smaller deficits) than did other occu pational groups. (See table 6.) This difference was less marked in the case of Atlanta white families, among which independent business and professional families were about as successful as wage-earner families in making ends meet. In Atlanta the salaried professional families and in Columbia-Mobile all business and professional groups tended to be at the other extreme, reporting the largest average deficits, or the smallest average surpluses.3 2 Occupational classification is not equally detailed as between Atlanta and the middle-sized cities, nor as between white and Negro families. Among Atlanta white families, five occupational groups are dis tinguished as follows: Wage earner; clerical; independent business and professional; salaried business; salaried professional. Among Negro families in Atlanta and white families in the middle-sized cities, these five groups are reduced to four by combining salaried business and professional families. Negro families in the middle-sized cities are classified only into the wage-earner and the “other occupations” group. 3 When balance-sheet data are analyzed after eliminating differences in family-type composition of the several occupational groups, differences in average surpluses large enough to be significant are apparent only in the case of Columbia-Mobile families. T H E F A M IL Y B A L A N C E S H E E T T able 19 6.— Average net su rplu s or deficit (—), by occupational group WHITE FAMILIES Atlanta Income class Middle-sized cities Inde Salaried Inde Salaried pendent pendent Wage Cleri business Wage Cleri business earner cal and pro Busi Profes earner cal and pro Busi Profes fessional ness sional fessional ness sional $500-$749__________ —$21 0) $750-$999__________ -9 2 —$57 $1,000-$1,249______ -3 8 -8 9 $1,250-$1,499_______ - 3 -61 $1,500-$1,749______ -61 31 $1,750-$1,999_______ 10 -21 $2,000-$2,249_______ 152 13 82 $2,250-$2,499______ 74 $2,500-$2,999_______ 363 180 $3,000-$3,499______ 0) 0) $3,500-$3,999______ 0) 0) $4,000-$4,999_______ 0) 0) $5,000-$7,499_______ 0) 0) (l) 0) 0) —$4 106 23 -7 0 272 161 414 385 797 1,073 0) 0) (0 —$8 60 67 59 51 188 366 332 692 875 0) 0) (0 —$61 —142 -8 7 61 174 211 143 608 685 1,083 —$47 —$61 3 -6 7 -2 6 4 33 3 81 1 141 -2 0 98 139 240 222 0) 0) 0) 0) (0 (!) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) —$26 -135 -6 2 54 57 308 187 501 688 813 (2) 0) 0) $6 19 _ 40 _ 54 -4 136 225 437 559 679 (2) NEGRO FAMILIES 3 Under $250________ —$98 0) $250-$499__________ -3 0 —$50 $500-749___________ 2 -9 32 33 $750-$999__________ 15 $1,000-$1,249_______ 66 101 60 $1,250-$1,499_______ 208 $1,500-$1,749______ 0) 44 $1,750-$1,999______ 0) 387 $2,000-$2,249______ 0) 0) —$67 -2 -30 55 -1 0 249 424 342 0) $14 8 -2 0 -2 6 54 -2 0 340 144 —$33 -5 12 29 48 94 0) 0) 0) —$54 -1 0 10 34 6 -212 (2) (2) (2) 1 Expenditure schedules not taken for families at this income level. 2 Comparable data not available. 3 In Atlanta all Negro families in salaried business and professional occupations were classified together; in the middle-sized cities all Negro families other than wage-earner were classified together. Surplus and deficit among family type groups.4—The size and com position of a family appeared to have much more influence on its net surplus and deficit for the year than did its occupational classification. Among the white families in both Atlanta and the middle-sized cities, the two-person families showed average net surpluses at lower income levels than did the larger families, and these surpluses tended to be greater all the way up the income scale. (See table 7.) While this fairly describes the relationships that obtain among Atlanta families with incomes of $1,500 or more, at lower income levels the husbandand-wife families tended to have larger deficits than other types of white families. There is a wide age range in these two-person families. The younger husband-and-wife families, starting life in business or one of the professions, frequently were found to be borrowing in anticipation of future increases in income; while some of the older husband-andwife families, finding themselves in the year of the survey with lower incomes than those to which they were accustomed, were able to meet the deficit in the year’s current expenditures by drawing on savings. 4 Expenditure schedules were collected from white families and from Columbia-Mobile Negro families of the first five types given on p. 2. These were combined for tabulation into three groups representing families of type I, those of types II and III combined, and those of types IV and V combined. For Negro families in Atlanta, schedules were collected and tabulated separately for each of the seven types. F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S 20 On the whole, white families with three to six members, at least three of them 16 or over (types IV and V), tended to have the largest average deficits and the smallest surpluses, the families with one or two children under 16 (types II and III) falling in-between these and the two-person families. This accords with expectations, since the larger the family the more difficult it is to fill all family needs on a T able 7.— A verage net su rplu s or deficit (—), by fa m ily A T L A N T A : W H IT E F A M IL IE S Family type 1 Income class $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____________ $1,500-$1,749____________ $1,750-$1,999____________ $2,000-$2,249____________ —$97 -103 -3 4 -9 66 193 —$35 -3 7 -1 4 -3 4 -3 2 40 M ID D L E -S IZ E D —$13 22 22 86 6 96 $500-$749____ $750-$999___ $1,000-$1,249. $1,250-$1,499. $1,500-$1,749. $1,750-$!,999, —$25 -21 -1 4 -4 3 29 -3 1 M ID D L E -S IZ E D $250-$499_ $500-$749$750-$999. Family type 1 Income class II and IV and V III I $5 27 29 -$11 -1 0 36 -$130 -3 6 -2 8 12 -2 5 -1 4 C IT IE S : W H IT E -$109 -2 8 -5 4 -4 26 54 II and IV and III V —$6 224 404 385 854 914 $114 140 243 409 482 845 $48 274 237 434 398 1,026 $53 177 115 440 508 498 $67 95 412 $52 -1 6 229 F A M IL IE S $2,000-$2,249____________ $200 $2,250-$2,499____________ 199 $2,500-$2,999____________ 390 $3,000-$3,499____________ 502 $3,500-$3,999____________ 1,058 $4,000-$4,999____________ 926 C IT IE S : N E G R O —$16 10 26 I $2,250-$2,499____________ $201 $2,500-$2,999____________ 348 $3,000-$3,499____________ 397 $3,500-$3,999____________ 402 $4,000-$4,999____________ 1,032 $5,000-$7,499____________ 1,372 F A M IL IE S $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____________ $l,500-$2,249____________ A TLA N TA : NEGRO Income class type $5 11 251 F A M IL IE S Family type 1 I $250-$499___________________________________ —$54 $500-$749___________________________________ 11 $750-$999___________________________________ 55 $1,000-$1,249_______________________________ 74 $1,250-$1,499_______________________________ 82 380 $l,5Q0-$2,249_______________________________ II III IV V VI —$15 15 35 115 103 247 —$9 5 51 57 35 199 —$25 -1 9 3 64 116 167 —$4 4 5 39 91 178 (*) —$9 12 -4 44 (t) VII —$38 -1 6 -4 -8 26 120 i The 7 family types are distinguished on the basis of the number and age of members other than husband and wife, as follows: I No other persons (families of 2). II 1 child under 16 (families of 3). III 2 children under 16 (families of 4). IV 1 person 16 or over and 1 or no other person, regardless of age (families of 3 or 4). V 1 child under 16, 1 person 16 or over, and 1 or 2 others, regardless of age (families of 5 or 6). VI 3 or 4 children under 16 (families of 5 or 6). VII 1 child under 16, and 4 or 5 others, regardless of age (families of 7 or 8). *Less than $1. tFewer than 3 cases. 21 given income. Thus, total money expenditures of the families studied generally varied directly with family size among both white and Negro families in the two city units.5 Among Negro families in the middle-sized cities, it was the families with children that made the best showing, with little difference between the two-person and the larger families. Among the Atlanta Negroes, also, where seven family types were included in the Study, families with one child were relatively the most successful in making ends meet, followed by the two-person families, with the largest families (type VII) at the other extreme. The fact that data on expenditures were secured from Atlanta Negro families of seven or eight members (type VII) which were larger than any of the white families studied, makes it the more striking that Negro families of all types combined made a better showing with respect to surplus and deficit than did the white families covered at the same income levels. Even the larger Negro families with from five to eight members (types VI and VII) made a better showing in this respect than Atlanta or Mobile-Columbia white families with three to six members (types IV and V). T H E F A M IL Y B A L A N C E S H E E T 5 When differences in the occupational composition of families in the several family type groups are elimi nated, the data for Atlanta white families indicate a clear correlation between size of family and size of surplus. In the middle-sized cities, while two-person families made the most favorable showing with respect to balance sheet accounts, those with one or two children under 16 had smaller surpluses than did the larger families. Chapter III Food As in the other communities covered by the Study, food 1 expendi tures by families in the Southeastern cities included in the investi gation were of outstanding importance among the categories of con sumption. At all income levels studied for white families, and in all income groups except the lowest among Negro families, money expenditures for food exceeded those for any other individual cate gory.2 White families uniformly spent more for food than Negro families at the same income level, even though in Atlanta the average size of Negro families studied was larger than the white. At the $500 level in Atlanta, for example, white families spent an average of $75 more during the year than did Negro families. From the $750 to the $2,500 level, the differences ranged between $82 and $135; there after, they increased rapidly, rising to over $300 at the $3,500 level. In Columbia-Mobile, the differences were generally smaller, although, with one exception, they amounted to $50 or more. In chapter II, attention was directed to the substantially larger total money expenditures of white families in comparison with Negro families at the same income level. The differences in food expendi tures, however, were usually greater than differences in total expendi tures for current living. Thus, Negro families generally devoted a smaller proportion of their total expenditures to food than did white families. The relatively low food bills of Negro families reflect dietary habits distinctly different from those of white families. The food consumed by Negroes consists to a large degree of the simpler, less expensive foods, such as potatoes, greens, cereals, and the cheaper cuts of meat.3 Furthermore, Negroes spent relatively little for food away from home, even at the upper income levels. The factor of free food also explains a small part of the racial differences in money expenditures for food, 1 The category food includes food prepared and eaten at home or carried in lunches to work or school, meals purchased and eaten away from home, candy, soft drinks and liquor, and all food and drink repre sented in the family’s entertainment activities. 2 When expenditures for household operation and furnishings and equipment are added to those for housing, and the sum treated as one category, home maintenance, food expenditures no longer ranked first except in the lower part of the income scale among white families and at scattered income levels among Negroes. 3 Edwards, Paul K.: The Southern Urban Negro as a Consumer (1932), pp. 56-58. See also U. S. Department of Agriculture Circular No. 507, Diets of Families of Employed Wage Earners and Clerical Workers in Cities, Washington, 1939. 22 FOOD 23 T a b l e 8 .— Average expenditures for food ATLANTA: WHITE FAMILIES Average money expenditures for food Per family Total Income class Amount $500-$749_________________________ $750-$999_____________ _________ $1 ,0 0 0-$1 ,24 9 _____________________ $ 1,250-$1,499_____________________ $ 1 ,500-$1,749_____________________ $1,750-$1,999_____________________ $2 ,0 0 0-$2 ,24 9 _____________________ $ 2,250-$2,499_____________________ $2,500-$2,999_____________________ $ 3,000-$3,499_____________________ $3,500-$3,999_____________________ $ 4,000-$4,999_____________________ $5,000-$7,499_____________________ $7,500 and over____ _ _____ $303 368 389 448 492 549 586 612 683 753 802 845 1,019 1,446 Percentage of total money ex penditures 1 45. 5 37 .6 3 2 .9 3 2 .4 31.1 2 9 .9 29 .4 2 7 .6 2 8 .7 2 6 .9 2 5 .3 2 3 .7 2 2 .0 2 0 .9 Away from home Average value per Total value family of of food per Per meal food ob meal per tained per equiv without equivalent alent adult money adult expense $11 30 39 56 67 87 108 93 129 149 169 171 198 302 $0.0 9 4 . 113 . 124 . 135 .1 4 4 .1 5 8 .1 6 4 .181 .186 .1 8 0 .1 9 7 .201 .2 1 2 .2 9 0 $5 8 22 13 10 14 6 19 23 15 25 42 36 34 $ 0 .0 9 6 . 115 .131 . 139 .1 4 7 .1 6 2 .1 6 6 .1 8 7 .1 9 2 .1 8 4 .2 0 3 .211 .2 1 9 .2 9 7 $0. 070 .086 .096 . 120 .126 . 145 . 147 . 153 .151 .151 .164 . 166 . 174 .195 $24 28 23 15 23 22 13 13 11 14 10 14 35 25 $0. 078 .095 . 103 .125 . 133 .151 .151 . 156 . 154 .154 .166 .169 .182 .200 $ 0 ,0 3 3 .0 5 3 .0 7 1 .0 7 8 .0 8 7 .0 9 2 .0 9 9 .1 3 2 .1 2 9 . 1 24 . 1 32 .1 5 9 .1 6 5 .1 5 5 $31 43 32 51 80 57 $0. 043 .0 6 8 .0 8 1 .0 9 3 .1 0 6 .1 0 5 . 106 .1 3 9 .1 3 2 .1 2 6 .1 3 4 .1 6 0 .1 9 2 .1 6 8 $41 17 13 25 18 42 12 12 12 19 $0.042 .058 .078 .095 .106 .110 .122 . Ill .129 .133 .160 MIDDLE-SIZED CITIES: W HITE FAMILIES $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750~$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ $2,500-$2,999_________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________ $4,000-$4,999_________________ $5,000 and over_______ ___ $223 • 269 328 383 434 508 536 582 582 631 681 705 811 996 39. 7 40.2 36.8 34.3 33. 2 33.3 30.3 29.5 28.4 26.4 25.8 23.8 23. 2 20.1 $4 2 14 22 30 45 42 64 55 75 58 63 100 98 ATLANTA: NEGRO FAMILIES U n d e r $ 2 5 0 _________________________ $ 2 5 0 - $ 4 9 9 _____________________________ $ 5 0 0 -$ 7 4 9 ______________________________ $ 7 5 0 - $ 9 9 9 ______________________________ $ 1 ,0 0 0 - $ 1 ,2 4 9 _________________________ $ 1 ,2 5 0 - $ 1 ,4 9 9 _________________________ $ 1 ,5 0 0 - $ 1 ,7 4 9 _________________________ $ 1 ,7 5 0 - $ 1 ,9 9 9 _________________________ $ 2 ,0 0 0 - $ 2 ,2 4 9 _________________________ $ 2 ,2 5 0 - $ 2 ,4 9 9 _________________________ $ 2 ,5 0 0 - $ 2 ,9 9 9 _________________________ $ 3 ,0 0 0 - $ 3 ,4 9 9 _________________________ $ 3 ,5 0 0 - $ 3 ,9 9 9 _________________________ $ 4 ,0 0 0 and o v e r _____________________ $ 10 1 154 228 260 3 03 331 409 414 5 04 5 04 496 5 63 490 704 36. 2 3 6 .8 3 6 .2 3 2 .0 2 9 .8 2 7 .5 2 8 .6 2 5 .6 2 9 .5 2 7 .6 2 6. 7 2 3 .9 1 8 .0 1 9 .6 $3 8 11 16 33 31 35 38 30 47 32 19 129 66 47 27 21 10 10 9 5 MIDDLE-SIZED CITIES: NEGRO FAMILIES Under $250________ _________ $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999 $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ $2,500 and over_____ _ ___ _ $82 151 219 274 333 384 409 504 465 457 562 38.2 40.1 37.8 35.0 33.2 30.2 28.8 31.1 29.9 24.4 27.4 $1 1 6 10 19 58 32 42 17 41 23 $0. 028 .052 .074 .087 .101 .099 .119 .111 .126 . 130 .155 1 See glossary, appendix B, for the definition of expenditures used in this study. 125018°— 40------ 3 24 F A M IL Y E X P E N D IT U R E IN SO U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S since, particularly in Atlanta, the money value of food obtained from home gardens or as gift or pay was in most comparable income classes larger among Negro families than among whites by amounts that ranged from $10 to $50. (See table 8.) Native white families in Atlanta spent about $300 a year, or $25 a month for food at the income level $500 to $750, about $45 a month at the median income interval ($1,750 to $2,000), and $120 in the highest income group. While food expenditures increased almost fivefold over the income range, they absorbed a sharply decreasing proportion of total money expenditures, declining from over 45 percent of the total, at the lowest income level, to only 21 percent at the highest. (See table 8 and fig. 2.) Similar tendencies prevailed among both the white families in Columbia and Mobile and the Negro families in the two urban units. Average food outlays by white families in Columbia-Mobile increased more than four times, from about $19 a month for those with incomes of $250 to $500 to $83 for those with incomes of $5,000 and more. These expenditures represented 40 percent and 20 percent, respectively, of total money expenditures for current living. In Atlanta and the middle-sized cities, Negro families at the lowest income levels studied (under $250) spent approximately $8 and $7 per month, respectively, for food, or 36 and 38 percent of their total money expenditures. Through the $2,000 income level, food outlays increased in amount, but declined in relation to total expenditures at succeeding income levels. In the income classes between $2,000 and $4,000, however, the food expenditures reported by Atlanta Negro families were relatively constant. Even among families with incomes of $2,500 and more in Columbia and Mobile, monthly food expendi tures amounted to less than $47, and among Atlanta Negro families with incomes of $4,000 and more, less than $59. M oney expenditures per meal per equivalent adult }—The rise over the income scale in the amount spent for food is reflected in data on money expenditures per person per meal. Atlanta white families spent less than 10 cents per meal at the lowest income level and be tween 11 and 16 cents from $750 to $2,250. Such expenditures were about 18 cents at the three levels from $2,250 to $3,500 and approxi mately 20 cents at the three succeeding income levels up to $7,500. Families in the highest income class spent 29 cents per meal per equiva lent adult. A comparable increase in money expenditures per meal and similar terracing at the higher levels was observed among Columbia-Mobile white families. Average outlay was under 10 cents, however, for 4 Expenditures per meal per person were computed on the basis of total money expenditures for food (except for food eaten while traveling) divided by the number of equivalent adults who were members of the household. Persons who were in the household less than the full year and children whose food consump tion was less than an adult’s, were counted as fractions of an equivalent adult. For methods of computa tion and the fractions of standard food unit assigned to a given sex and age, see glossary, appendix B. FOOD 25 FOOD AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL MONEY EXPENDITURES AT SELECTED INCOME LEVELS SOUTHEAST REGION, 1 9 3 5 -1 9 3 6 NONRELIEF FAMILIES INCLUDING HUSBAND AND WIFE BOTH NATIVE BORN percentage W HIT E FAMILIES ATLANTA NEGRO FAMILIES percentage ADUDRAON E AONE AONE ADUDRAON E ADUDR AOUDRADUDRADUDRADUDRADUDR AD N NE N UOR NUOR NUOR N NE N UOR N NE N NE N NE N NE N NE N NE N IOOO 1500 2 000 2500 3500 5 000 7500 1000 1500 2 000 2 50 0 3500 MIDDLE-SIZED CITIES A5 U0E A1000RADUDRAONE AON0RAON0RADUDR A5D NE AONE A1500E ADUDR 2500 N 0N R N UD N NE 2NUOR 2 50O 3 50O 4 0 0 0 M00 R 1000 R N UOR 2N NE AD D D D NE ISOO 000 NU E NU E N NE UD NUO ON 00 0 N 750 1250 1750 2250 3 00 0 4000 5000 750 1250 INCOME CLASS IN DOLLARS U. S. BUREAU OFLABOR STATISTICS________________________________ 1750 2250 OVER OVER FA M IL Y E X P E N D IT U R E IN SO U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S 26 families with incomes below $1,000, and did not exceed 20 cents at incomes over $5,000. The extremely low money expenditures for food of Negro families are strikingly portrayed in terms of their expenditures per meal. In both city units, the Negro families with incomes below $250 re ported an average money expense of only 3 cents, and a total of food consumed only a little over 4 cents. Average outlay per meal per person exceeded 10 cents beginning only at the $1,500 level in the middle-sized cities and the $1,750 level in Atlanta. At no income level did such expenditures average as much as 17 cents.6 Food aw ay from home .—The changing character of food expendi tures over the income range is shown in the proportion of the total accounted for by food consumed away from home.6 In Atlanta, for example, white families with incomes of $500 to $750 spent an average of less than $1 monthly for food away from home, or about 4 percent of their total outlay for food. The amounts so spent rose rather rapidly in succeeding income classes, and averaged at least $10 per month in every group receiving $2,500 and over. At the top of the income scale, families devoted an average of $25 per month to food away from home, an amount that equalled one-fifth of money ex penditures for this category. Among Negro families, however, no such uniform increase in ex penditures for food away from home was registered. Moreover, with two exceptions, the average amounts so spent were never as much as $4 per month. These data suggest that Southeastern Negro families, even in comparatively comfortable circumstances, have not developed the habit of frequently eating out. Food obtained without money expense .—As already suggested, the extremely small money outlay for food among Negro families in the lowest income groups is explained in part by the fact that purchases of food were often supplemented by food obtained from home gardens or received as gift or pay. Among both racial groups average amounts of such food varied rather widely from one income class to another, without a consistent tendency toward either increase or decrease along the income scale. (See table 8.) 5 While these data on food expenditures per meal per equivalent adult for Negro families at the lowest income level appear to indicate a diet scarcely sufficient for survival, it has been found that Negro families in the Southeast generally make food selections that yield them a maximum for the money spent both in energy and in the necessary minerals. Consumption of cheap leafy vegetables or “greens” supplies calcium and iron and takes the place in part of the much more expensive milk and eggs. In the U. S. Department of Agriculture Circular No. 507, Diets of Families of Employed Wage Earners and Clerical Workers in Cities, it is shown that among the Southern Negro families at the lowest economic level covered in that study half spent between $0.67 and $1.32 per food-expenditure unit per week, but only 10 percent of the Southern white families at that level spent less than $1.32 per food-expenditure unit per week. It is possible, also, that the figures collected in the present study on the value of food obtained without money expense may represent some understatement for the Negroes, particularly in the matter of food received as gift or as part of pay. 6 The wide range of choice with respect to “eating out” or using meals as an auxiliary to entertainment affects the comparison of total food expenditures of families at different income levels, since the composition of the food bill thus varies considerably along the income scale. FOOD 27 Among white families food obtained without money expense rarely added as much as 10 percent to the total expenditures for food, but among Negroes, particularly in the low income groups, it often made a substantial contribution to family nutrition. Among Atlanta Negroes the value of free food averaged over 30 percent as much as money expenditures for food by families with incomes under $250, and up to the $1,500 level was at least 14 percent as great as food purchases. In Columbia-Mobile, the value of free food obtained by Negro families was half as much as money outlay for food at the lowest income level, but thereafter did not exceed 11 percent of that figure. Intercity differences in food expenditures .—Among the white families, money expenditures for food were quite consistently higher in Atlanta than in the middle-sized cities. The differences were never more than $100, however, nor even as much as $50 up to the $2,500 income level. The amounts spent for food away from home were without exception larger among Atlanta families, reflecting the facts both that eating out is more common in a large than a middle-sized city, and, at the upper income levels, that a large city offers more in the way of expensive restaurants and night clubs. It is probable, also, that business and professional men more frequently went home for lunch in Columbia and Mobile than in Atlanta. At every income level above $1,000, the differences in outlays for food away from home were slightly greater than the differences in total money expenditures for food. Between $500 and $1,000, the differences were almost entirely offset by the large amounts of free food obtained in Columbia-Mobile. Thus, it seems evident that the larger money expenditures of Atlanta families for this category were not primarily attributable to higher food prices but to differences in amounts of free food obtained or in the outlay for food away from home.7 Although the value of food received without money expenditure was usually small among white families, those in the middle-sized cities tended to report the larger amounts up to the $2,250 income level and the smaller amounts thereafter. It is likely that vegetable gardens are less common in a large city than in one of smaller size, which may account for the showing at the lower income levels. Among Negro families, there were no consistent intercity differences in total food expenditures. This is somewhat surprising since the Negro families studied in Atlanta included those of seven or eight members (type VII), which generally reported the highest food ex penditures. Among Negro families with incomes between $250 and $2,000 the value of food received without money expense was uni7 See Works Progress Administration bulletin, Intercity Differences in Costs of Living in 59 Cities, March 1935, which indicates that food costs in Atlanta were higher than those in Mobile, but enough lower than those in Columbia so that an average for Columbia and Mobile combined would approximate closely the level for Atlanta. FA M IL Y E X P E N D IT U R E IN SO U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S 28 formly greater in Atlanta than in Columbia and Mobile. If these amounts are added to money expenditures for food, the average total value of food consumed was slightly higher for the Atlanta Negro families than for those in the middle-sized cities. M oney expenditures fo r food among occupational groups .—Among white families occupational differences in money expenditures for food were not large. Wage-earner families spent somewhat more than did those in other occupational groups in both city units. (See table 9.) In Atlanta salaried business families tended to spend the least for food, and in Columbia-Mobile, the salaried business and professional families, ranked lowest. In Atlanta, however, these differences appeared to be related more to family size than to occupa tion, since average expenditures per meal per person were closely similar in each occupational group.8 (See table 10.) In ColumbiaMobile, on the other hand, average outlay per meal per equivalent adult was consistently higher among wage-earner families than among other occupational groups, and relatively low among salaried business and professional families. T a b l e 9.— Average money expenditures for food, per fam ily, by occupational group WHITE FAMILIES Atlanta Income class $500-$749__________ $750-$999__________ $I,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249______ $2,250-$2,499______ $2,500-$2,999_______ $3,000-$3,499_______ $3,500-$3,999_______ $4,000-$4,999_______ $5,000-17,499_______ Middle-sized cities Inde Salaried Inde Salaried pendent pendent Wage Cleri business Wage Cleri business earner cal and pro Busi Profes earner cal and pro Busi Profes fessional ness sional fessional ness sional $303 377 390 459 527 593 561 598 721 0) 0) P) 0) 0) $349 387 428 463 518 603 645 680 0) 0) 0) P) P) P) P) $452 P) P) P) $453 P) 0) 0) $452 484 539 559 605 703 739 716 889 1,017 455 445 563 510 633 561 531 603 714 618 704 785 844 814 814 845 1,006 1,029 $270 322 392 445 528 554 629 614 P) P) P) P) P) $263 346 377 428 498 530 570 575 P) P) P) P) P) P) 0) $355 428 496 526 555 584 608 647 711 769 (2) P) P) $380 403 487 522 563 560 641 691 702 827 (2) NEGRO FAMILIES 3 Under $250________ $250-$499__________ $500-$749__________ $750-$999__________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249______ $101 154 228 260 301 329 P) P) P) 0) $196 235 265 331 319 410 460 504 0) $152 221 277 302 363 428 439 541 P) $95 223 245 304 345 391 339 482 $82 152 221 275 341 372 P) P) P) $84 142 192 269 302 419 (2) (2) (2) 1 Expenditure schedules not taken for families at this income level. 2 Comparable data not available. 3 In Atlanta all Negro families in salaried business and professional occupations were classified together; in the middle-sized cities all Negro families other than wage earner were classified together. 8 When the effect of the varying family type composition of the several occupational groups is eliminated, the average total food expenditures of wage-earner families appear to have been little above the general level, although salaried business families retained their low rank. (See appendix D.) FOOD T able 10.— Average 29 money expenditures per meal per equivalent adult, by occupational group WHITE FAMILIES Atlanta Income class Middle-sized cities Inde Salaried Inde Salaried pendent pendent Wage Cleri business Wage Cleri business earner cal and pro Busi Profes earner cal and pro Busi Profes fessional ness sional fessional ness sional $500-$749__________ $0.094 C 1) $750-$999__________ . 116 $0.108 $1,000-$ 1,249______ . 127 . 120 $1,250-$1,499______ . 133 . 139 $1,500-$1,749______ .150 . 137 $1,750-$1,999______ , 164 . 146 $2,000-$2,249______ . 163 . 164 $2,250-$2,499_______ , 169 .198 $2,500-$2,999______ . 192 . 185 $3,000-$3,499_______ C 1) 0) $3,500-$3,999_______ 0) 0) $4,000-$4,999_______ 0) 0) $5,000-$7,499_______ 0) (0 $0.087 $0.081 0) 0) 0) .096 .097 0) 0) 0) . 120 . 121 0) 0) 0) . 125 . 124 $0. 134 $0.128 $0.140 .141 .141 . 149 . 145 . 148 . 164 . 179 . 158 . 153 . 146 . 162 . 149 . 158 . 171 , 181 . 152 . 171 . 186 .161 . 139 . 175 . 176 . 210 0) 0) .174 .183 . 181 0) 0) . 198 .208 . 166 0) 0) . 189 .200 .220 0) 0) .212 0) .213 .212 0) 0) 0) $0. Ill . 132 . 143 . 146 . 159 . 152 . 144 . 158 . 157 . 181 (2) 0) C 1) $0.125 126 136 138 147 155 154 166 171 171 (2) NEGRO FA M ILIES3 Under $250________ $0. 033 0) $250-$499__________ .054 $0.074 $500-$749__________ .070 .077 $750-$999__________ .077 .087 $1,000-$1,249______ .084 .093 $1,250-$1,499______ .088 .107 $1,500-$1,749______ 0) . 117 $1,750-$1,999______ 0) . 123 $2,000-$2,249______ 0) . 116 0) $0.053 .074 .080 . 106 . 113 .096 . 163 156 0) $0. 034 .076 .089 .111 . 105 .085 . 106 , 135 $0.028. .052 .075 .087 . 102 .090 0) 0) 0) $0. 035 .054 .064 .084 .098 . 126 (2) (2) (2) 1 Expenditure schedules not taken for families at this income level. 2 Comparable data not available. 3 In Atlanta all Negro families in salaried business and professional occupations were classified together; in the middle-sized cities all Negro families other than wage earner were classified together. There were no clear-cut occupational differences among white families in either Atlanta or the middle-sized cities in the average amounts spent for food away from home.9 In the case of Negro families differences among the occupational groups in the average money expenditures for food in Atlanta were generally even smaller than were those among the white families in the same city. There was some tendency for clerical families to rank high at the income levels between $250 and $1,250, and families in the salaried group to rank low. At the income levels between $1,500 and $2,250, where only white-collar families were represented, the latter uniformly reported lower money expenditures than the former (table 9). Expenditures per meal per equivalent adult were generally smallest among wage-earner families, but no consistent differences appeared among the white-collar groups (table 10). Wageearner and salaried families reported substantially larger amounts of food received without money expense than families in the clerical or self-employed group.10 When these values are added to money 9 See Tabular Summary, table 3. 10 See Tabular Summary, table 3, 30 F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S expenditures for food, wage-earner families stand out as having the highest food consumption. It will be impossible to determine whether this larger consumption is related to the greater needs for energyproducing foods of men doing heavy manual labor, until further analysis of data on foods consumed have been completed. Expenditures for food away from home were so small and varied so irregularly that no occupational pattern could be distinguished. Indeed, at one income level or another between $250 and $1,500, white families in each of the four occupational groups ranked both highest and lowest.11 T able 11.— Average m oney expenditures fo r food per fa m ily , by fa m ily type A T L A N T A : W H IT E FAM ILIES Family type Income class I $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____________ $1,500-$1 749____________ $1,750-$1,999____________ $2,000-$2,249____________ $320 348 407 432 434 509 Family type Income class II and IV and V III $370 390 453 497 563 590 $410 437 476 539 628 633 I $2,250-$2,499____________ $2,500-$2,999____________ $3,000-$3,499____________ $3,500-$3,999____________ $4,000-$4,999____________ $5,000-17,499____________ II and IV and III V $569 594 619 688 668 850 $621 651 744 778 829 1,007 $641 761 847 884 933 1,086 $466 508 469 550 493 628 $557 558 631 669 736 798 $665 635 704 758 791 891 $304 336 409 $328 356 390 $358 409 526 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES: W H IT E FAM ILIES $261 326 387 447 513 523 $500-$749__„ $750-$999___. $1,000-$1,249. $1,250-$1,499. $1,500-$1,749. $1,750-$!,999. $300 356 419 469 566 598 $2,000-$2,249____________ $2,250-$2,499____________ $2,500-$2,999____________ $3,000-$3,499____________ $3,500-$3,999____________ $4,000-$4,999____________ M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES: NEG R O FAM ILIES $146 220 258 $250-$499 $500-$749. $750-$999. $154 220 267 $157 218 293 $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____________ $l,500-$2,249____________ A T L A N T A : NEG R O FAM ILIES Family type 1 Income class I $250-$499___________________________________ $500-$749 ________ _____ _________________ $750-$999 _________________________________ $1,000-$1,249________________________________ $1,250-$1,499 -_______________ . $l,500-$2,249 ______________________________ II III IV V VI $141 201 239 268 257 360 $166 235 230 297 347 456 $152 229 270 362 406 452 $149 235 236 285 339 429 $158 229 346 355 393 504 $171 265 322 359 395 (t) VII $232 282 307 356 419 516 1 The 7 family types are distinguished on the basis of the number and age of members other than husband and wife, as follows: I No other persons (families of 2). II 1 child under 16 (families of 3). III 2 children under 16 (families of 4). IV 1 person 16 or over and 1 or no other person, regardless of age (families of 3 or 4). V 1 child under 16, 1 person 16 or over, and 1 or 2 others, regardless of age (families of 5 or 6). VI 3 or 4 children under 16 (families of 5 or 6). VII 1 child under 16, and 4 or 5 others, regardless of age (families of 7 or 8). t Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases. ii See Tabular Summary, table 3. 31 FOOD Among the Negro families in Columbia and Mobile, where only two occupational groups were distinguished, food expenditures for the two groups were about the same at the lowest income level. At the levels between $250 and $1,250 wage earners spent from $6 to $39 more than white-collar families. When the money value of free food is combined with money expenditures, it appears that the total value of food reported by wage-earner families was slightly larger than that reported by white-collar families at all levels up to $1,250.12 M o n ey expenditures fo r fo o d am ong fa m ily typ e g ro u p s .—The im portance of family size in influencing food expenditures may be seen from the remarkable consistency, among both whites and Negroes, with which the two-person families reported the lowest average money expenditures for food and the highest outlay per meal per equivalent adult, and the large families, the highest total expendi tures and the lowest expenditures per meal per person. (See tables 11 and 12.) T able 12.— Average m oney expenditures per m eal per equivalent adu lt , by fa m ily type A T L A N T A : W H ITE FAM ILIES Family type 1 Income class I II and IV and III V $750-$999_______________ $0. 148 $0. 108 $1,000-$1,249____________ , 156 . 116 $1,250-$1,499____________ . 177 . 130 . 138 $1,500-$1,749____________ . 183 . 158 $1,750-$1,999____________ .180 . 158 $2,000-$2,249____________ .220 $0,090 .098 . 107 . 118 .138 . 133 Family type 1 Income class I II and IV and III V $2,250-$2,499____________ $0. 250 $0.164 $2,500-$2,999____________ . 259 . 170 $3,000-$3,499____________ .219 . 184 $3,50O-$3 999____________ .267 . 181 $4,000-$4,999____________ . 270 . 199 $5,000-$7,499____________ .285 .212 $0.138 .151 . 152 . 170 .172 . 186 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES: W H IT E FAM ILIES $500-$749____ $750-$999____ $1,000-$1,249.. $l,250-$l,499. $1,500~$1,749. $1,750-$!,999. $0.116 $0. 076 . 137 .092 . 152 . 114 , 122 . 157 . 141 . 181 . 189 . 136 $0. 073 $2,000-$2,249____________ $0.195 $0. 148 $0.134 .076 $2,250-$2,499____________ .208 . 146 . 127 .097 $2,500-$2,999____________ . 188 . 152 . 134 . 106 $3,000-$3,499____________ , 189 . 165 • . 150 . 123 $3,500-$3,999____________ . 174 . 173 . 158 . 129 $4,000-$4,999____________ .210 . 179 . 157 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES: NEGR O FAM ILIES $250-$499. $500-$749_ $750-$999. $0. 067 $0. 046 .099 .065 .117 .080 See footnotes a t end of table. 12 See Tabular Summary, table 3. $0,035 .051 .064 $1,000-$1,249____________ $0.137 $0. 097 $1,250-$1,499____________ . 165 .094 .106 $l,500-$2,249____________ .186 $0.076 .083 .108 F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S 32 T able 12 .— Average m oney expenditures per m eal per equivalent adult, by fa m ily type —Continued A T L A N T A : NEGR O FAM ILIES Income class Family type 1 I II III IV V IV $0.065 $0.071 $0,039 $0.042 $0.029 $0.034 $250-$499__________________________ ____ .064 .076 .058 .039 .054 $500-$749___________________________________ .091 .065 .064 .107 .073 .061 .062 $750-$999__________________________________ $1,000-11,249_______________________________ .119 .096 .087 .075 .062 .073 .107 .104 .115 .088 .071 $1,250-$1,499_______________________________ .080 .113 .107 .086 (t) $l,500-$2,249_______________________________ .164 .143 VII $0. 032 .039 .041 .047 .053 .073 1 The 7 family types are distinguished on the basis of the number and age of members other than hus band and wife, as follows: I No other persons (families of 2). II 1 child under 16 (families of 3). I ll 2 children under 16 (families of 4). IY 1 person 16 or over and 1 or no other person, regardless of age (families of 3 or 4}. V 1 child under 16, 1 person 16 or over, and 1 or 2 others, regardless of age (families of 6 or 6). VI 3 or 4 children under 16 (families of 6 or 6). VII 1 child under 16, and 4 or 5 others, regardless of age (families of 7 or 8). fFewer than 3 cases. Among white families, expenditures for food away from home were in general greatest among families with three to six members, at least three of them over 16 (types IV and V), particularly at the income levels beginning with $1,750.13 The showing was by no means so clear, however, as in respect to total food expenditures. In Atlanta, the two-person families ranked somewhat higher in such expenditures than those with children; but in Columbia-Mobile, where outlay for food away from home was generally lower than in Atlanta, the addi tion of one or two children appeared to have no effect on expenditures for eating out. Among the Negro families, expenditures for food away from home were so small and so irregular that no family type differences were apparent. In Atlanta, however, where families of seven or eight members (type VII), were studied, such families had the lowest average expenditures of this kind. The inverse relationship between expenditures per meal per person at given income levels, and family size is well illustrated among the white families in Atlanta. An average expenditure per meal per per son of more than 15 cents was reported by two-person families in this group at all income levels above $1,000; by families of one or two children under 16 at all levels above $1,750; and by the other families (types IV and V) only at the levels above $2,500. The indicated relationship was probably due both to the fact that food costs per person are somewhat lower when food is purchased and prepared in relatively large quantities, and to the fact that larger families, par ticularly at the lower income levels, are likely to restrict their purchase to cheaper foods than those used by small families. 13 See Tabular Summary, table 3. FOOD 33 Although the showing was by no means clear, there is evidence that the larger families tended to obtain the greatest amount of food with out money expenditure, probably because home ownership, and con sequently the cultivation of vegetable gardens, was most common among those families. Among the white families, those containing only the husband and wife generally reported the least “free food.” Among the Negroes, however, the money value of free food did not vary so closely with family size as it did in the case of white families. In Atlanta the two-person Negro families usually reported more free food than did those with one or two children. This may result in part from the fact that members of two-person families were more often employed as domestic servants than were members of families with children. Among the other family types, those with seven or eight members ranked high in reported value of free food, while those with at least three members over 16 in addition to husband and wife (types IV and V), together with the two-person families, came next, and the families with from one to four children under 16 were lowest. Summary.—Food expenditures, while of predominant importance in the family budget, lost steadily as a percentage of total money expenditures in successively higher income classes. Thus, at the lowest economic levels studied, food took close to 40 percent of total money expenditures among both white and Negro families, but only a little more than half as great a proportion at the top of the income scale. Negro families spent substantially less than whites at corre sponding income levels. In accordance with expectations, family composition had a clear influence on expenditures for food in both racial groups, the amount varying quite directly with family size. Chapter IV Home Maintenance Next to food, housing was the most important category in the budg ets of families studied in the Southeastern cities included in the investi gation. When housing expenditures are combined with those for household operation and for furnishings and equipment, to form a broader group (home maintenance), the average expenditures for the total exceeded those for food among white families above the $1,000 income level in both city units, and among Negroes at almost all levels in Atlanta. Housing}—The housing category differs somewhat from the others distinguished in the present study of urban families because of the fact that home owners and families occupying houses furnished to them as a gift or as a part of pay were sufficiently numerous at each income level to make the average money expenditures an inadequate representation of the housing obtained during the year. Accordingly, the data on housing expenditures presented here comprise all money outlays for the family home (including fuel, light, and refrigeration) and for lodging for family members away from home, together with the occupancy value of housing obtained without money expense.2 As indicated in chapter I, such occupancy values were also included as a part of total family income, realized in the form of housing rather than cash. 1 Caution must be exercised in making comparison of housing data presented in this chapter and those presented in vol. I, ch. VI. The discussion in vol. I, based on the short schedule used with the large random sample, was concerned solely with the family home, for which data were presented on rents paid by renting families and the rental values of houses occupied by their ow ners. The present chapter covers the occupancy value of all housing, regardless of tenure, and the expenditures for lodging away from home. In vol. I, money expenditures for fuel, light, and refrigeration were included only when they could not be separated from the rent figure; in this chapter, such expenditures are in all cases included. The imputed value of home ownership, as reported on the family schedule and presented in vol. I, was an estimated figure; the data in this chapter on nonmoney value of housing are calculated on the basis of actual money expenditures of home-owning families. In vol. I, the averages at any given income level, for all families and for families of specified occupational groups, include the large families (types VI, VII, VIII, and other), which did not furnish expenditure schedules; and the averages for all families and families of specified type groups include families with no gainfully employed members, likewise excluded from the expenditure sample. 2 The net occupancy value of owned homes was computed by subtracting from the rental value of the dwelling for the period of occupancy all expenditures for mortgage interest, refinancing charges, taxes, repairs, and insurance. Permanent improvements and payments on the principal of the mortgage were considered investments, and not current expenditures for family living. Expenditures for fuel, light, and refrigeration were combined with those for housing because among renters the rent figure reported often included one or more of these items. (See Tabular Summary, table 4-A.) 34 H O M E M A IN T E N A N C E T able 13.— A verage expenditures fo r 35 home m aintenance A T L A N T A : W H IT E FAM ILIES $27 44 54 75 100 133 132 164 193 266 293 367 520 728 $24 43 74 63 84 71 92 76 80 92 98 96 140 227 33.9 34.1 34.3 33.6 34.3 33.6 32.4 32.5 31.9 34.0 33.5 33.4 31.8 31.0 Household opera tion 3 F u r n itu r e and equipment Nonmoney 2 Money i $5 10 21 26 48 51 65 71 109 108 161 176 274 574 Housing Total $178 $173 252 242 291 270 339 313 378 330 435 384 445 380 508 437 529 420 635 527 736 575 799 623 920 646 1, 379 805 Percentage of total expenditure Household opera tion 3 i! F u r n itu r e and equipment H om e m a in t e nance Nonmoney 2 $229 339 419 477 562 639 669 748 802 993 1,127 1, 262 1, 580 2, 334 m o& $500-1749__________ $750-$999____________ $1,000-$1,249_________ $1,250-$1,499_________ $1,500-$1,749_________ $1,750-$1,999_________ $2,000-$2,249_________ $2,250-$2,499_________ $2,500-$2,999_________ $3,000-$3,499_________ $3,500-$3,999_________ $4,000-$4,999_________ $5,000-$7,499_________ $7,500 and over____ Housing Money 1 Income class H o m e m a in t e nance Average expenditure 26.3 25.3 23.8 23.9 23.1 22.9 21.6 22.1 21.1 21.7 22.0 21.1 18.5 18.3 26.0 24.3 22.9 22.7 20.9 20.2 18.5 19.8 16.7 18.8 18.1 17.5 13.0 11.8 0.3 4.0 1.0 4.4 .9 4.4 1.2 5.3 2.2 6.1 2.7 7.0 3.1 6.4 2.3 7.1 4.4 7.6 2.9 9.1 3.9 8.6 3.6 9.8 5.5 10.5 6.5 9.7 3.6 4.4 6.1 4.4 5.1 3.7 4.4 3.3 3.2 3.2 2.9 2.5 2.8 3.0 32.0 27.9 27.2 25.5 24.1 24.3 23.5 22.8 23.0 24.1 22.3 22.1 21. 5 21.0 30.5 26. 7 25.5 23.8 21.6 20.9 20.6 19.4 18.9 19.8 17.5 17.8 17.5 15.3 1.5 3.8 1.2 4.0 1.7 4.4 1.7 5.3 2.5 5.9 3.4 6.2 2.9 7.4 3.4 7.4 4.1 7.9 4.3 8.9 4.8 9.9 4.3 10.3 4.0 9.8 5.7 10.3 1.8 3.2 2.6 4.1 5.3 4.2 3.8 3.8 3.4 2.8 2.8 3.0 2.9 4.0 40.5 34.0 27. 7 24. 7 24.1 23.0 22.5 24.1 24.2 23.7 22.8 19.6 16.4 17.1 32. 2 30. 7 25.9 21.3 19.2 17.5 16.7 22. 5 17.7 17.2 14.6 15.1 14.1 10.4 8.3 3.3 1.8 3.4 4.9 5.5 5.8 1.6 6.5 6.5 8.2 4.5 2.3 6.7 2.4 2.3 2. 7 2.8 2.9 4.4 5.1 4.6 5.4 4.8 5.9 8.6 6.4 6.5 3.0 1.9 2.7 3.6 4.0 4.3 3.2 2.0 2.2 4.4 3.6 3.0 1.1 2.8 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES: W H IT E FAM ILIES $250-$499____________ $500-$749____________ $750-$999____________ $1,000-$1,249_________ $1,250-$1,499_________ $1,500-$1,749_________ $1,750-$!,999_________ $2,000-$2,249_________ $2,250-$2,499_________ $2,500-$2,999_________ $3,000-$3,499_________ $3,500-$3,999_________ $4,000-$4,999_________ $5,000 and over______ $229 253 323 406 489 563 642 705 743 910 988 1,113 1, 275 1,887 Under $250_____ ____ $250-$499____________ $500-$749____________ $750-$999____________ $1,000-$1,249_________ $1,250-$1,499_________ $1,500-$1,749_________ $1,750-$1,999_________ $2,000-$2,249_________ $2,250-$2,499_________ $2,500-$2,999_________ $3,000-$3,499_________ $3,500-$3,999_________ $4,000 and over______ $155 183 223 278 353 420 479 511 585 645 657 772 685 1,031 $195 $171 201 178 257 228 296 265 335 281 394 319 434 364 472 384 498 389 612 472 630 464 695 528 802 612 1,123 758 $24 23 29 31 54 75 70 88 109 140 166 167 190 365 $23 29 41 62 81 101 137 154 172 226 278 325 365 551 $11 23 25 48 73 68 71 79 73 72 80 93 108 213 37.6 35.1 34.2 34.9 35.3 34 7 34.7 34.0 34.3 35.8 35.0 35.4 34.2 35.3 A T L A N T A : NEGRO FAM ILIES $137 $109 163 147 187 175 221 190 274 219 305 232 350 259 401 374 445 326 464 337 464 296 484 373 470 405 667 407 $28 16 12 31 55 73 91 27 119 127 168 111 65 260 $8 11 18 25 33 58 79 77 100 94 119 214 184 255 $10 9 18 32 46 57 50 33 40 87 74 74 31 109 45.9 38.2 33.1 31.1 31.0 31. 7 30.8 30.7 31.8 32.9 32.3 31.2 23.9 26.4 M ID D L E -SIZE D « ITIES: NEGRO FAM ILIES C Under $250 _____ $121 $111 $92 $19 $8 $2 44.2 40.6 33. 6 7.0 2.9 0.7 $250-$499____________ 152 7 37.1 33.0 29.1 3.9 2.4 135 119 16 10 1.7 $500-$749____________ 158 138 20 15 17 31.0 25.8 22. 5 3.3 2.4 2.8 190 $750-$999____________ 3.5 250 198 165 33 23 29 29.7 23.5 19.6 3.9 2.7 254 181 73 32 53 31.0 23.3 16.6 6.7 2.9 $1,000-$1,249_________ 4.8 339 $1,250-$1,499_________ 363 271 173 98 43 49 25. 7 19.2 13.2 6.0 3.0 3. 5 332 244 88 79 20 28.4 21.9 16.1 5.8 5.2 $1,500-$1,749_.. ____ 431 1.3 521 358 375 -17 39 124 32.4 22.3 23.3 -1 .0 2.4 7.7 $1,750-$1,999_________ $2,000-$2,249_________ 461 351 j 258 93 68 42 27.8 21.2 15.6 5.6 4.1 2.5 $2,250-$2,499_________ 681 465 248 217 109 107 32.4 22. 1 11.8 10.3 5.2 5.1 686 $2,500 and over______ 5.1 430 1 366 64 148 108 '32.2 20.2 17.5 2.7 6.9 1 Includes all current money expenditures for the family home and the vacation home (mortgage interest, taxes, repairs, and insurance for owned homes, and rent for rented homes) and expenditures for lodging for the family members away from home, including room rent at school. Expenditures for fuel, light, and refrigeration are combined with expenditures for housing, since rent as paid by many families included one or more of these items. (See Tabular Summary, table 4A.) 2 Includes imputed income from home ownership and rent received as gift or pay, and the value of fuel obtained without money expense. 3 Includes expenditures for household help, laundry, telephone, water rent, and other items of household operation. 36 F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S Average expenditures for housing, like those for food, increased fairly steadily over the income range among both white and Negro families. (See table 13.) White families in Atlanta spent only $178, or about $15 a month, at the income level $500 to $750; those at the median income interval ($1,750 to $2,000) spent $36 per month; and those with incomes of $7,500 or more spent $115 per month, or over seven times as much as those receiving $500 to $750. Increases in housing expenditures were neither so rapid nor quite so regular among Negro families. In Atlanta, Negro families with incomes below $250 spent an average of about $11 a month, while those with incomes of $4,000 and more spent almost $56. Since these outlays increased more slowly than total expenditures, they absorbed a declining proportion of the total at succeeding in come levels. Thus, among white families in Atlanta, housing took more than one-fourth of total expenditures of families with incomes of $500 to $750, whereas among families with incomes of $7,500 and more, less than one-fifth went into housing. Similarly, in Columbia and Mobile, white families allocated only about two-thirds as large a proportion of total expenditures to housing at the top of the income scale as at the bottom. Among Negro families in both city units the decline in relative importance of the housing category was from 40 percent of total expenditures at the lowest income level studied to 20 percent or less in the highest income class studied in each city unit.3 White families rather consistently reported larger average housing expenditures than did Negroes at the same income level. While the differences were not very great in the lower part of the income range, they were large enough to be significant at most income levels. This racial difference was chiefly accounted for by differences in money expenditures for housing since for all but a few scattered income levels in both city units the value of housing obtained without money expense was at least as great among Negroes as among white families in the same income class. A part of the difference in level of housing expenditures between white and Negro families is undoubtedly explained by differences in facilities obtained. Although there was little difference between the two racial groups in Atlanta in the number of persons per room, the percentage having a central furnace was consistently higher among white families than among Negroes at the same income level, while the percentage without running hot water, electric lights, and inside flush toilet was much greater among the Negroes. Up to the $2,000 level in Atlanta 40 percent or more of the Negro families in Atlanta 3 Money expenditures for housing were consistently lower, up to the $3,000 level, among white families in Atlanta than among those in Providence, Columbus, and Omaha. In the case of Negro families, like wise, those in Atlanta at almost every income level reported smaller average housing outlays than did those in Columbus. H O M E M A IN T E N A N C E 37 reported that their dwellings were without any of these facilities. In this connection it should be recalled that all but 5 percent of the Negro families in Atlanta had incomes under $1,500.4 Among white families, on the other hand, more than four out of five families above the $500 level had at least these three minimum facilities. Similarly indicating a difference in facilities is the fact that a much smaller proportion of the Negro than of the white renting families reported that the rent paid included such items as electric refrigeration, light, heat, or garage.6 Among white families, housing expenditures were closely similar in Atlanta and the middle-sized cities for corresponding income groups, although, contrary to what might be expected, the averages for Columbia-Mobile tended to be slightly larger than those for Atlanta. With respect to money expenditures for housing considered sepa rately, however, Atlanta families generally ranked higher than those in the middle-sized cities.6 Among Negro families the more usual relationships between city size and housing expenditures obtained, with respect both to dollar expenditures and total value of housing, Atlanta families generally reporting larger average amounts than those in the middle-sized cities. T able 14. — Percentage of fa m ilies reporting home ow nership White families Income class Under $250____________ ___________________________ $250-$499_ _ ______ _______ _ ______________ $500-$749____________________________________________ $750-$999____________________________________________ $1,000-$1,249 . _ ______________ $1,250-$1,499_________________________________________ $1,500-$1,749 __ __ ______ _______________ $1,750-$1,999 _ _______ _ . $2,000-$2, 249_________________________________________ $2,250-$2,499 ____ _______ _________________ $2,500-$2,999 _. _____ _______________ $3,000-$3,499_________________________________________ $3,500-$3,999 ___________________________________ $4,000-$4,999 . _____ _______________ $5,000-$7,499 _____ _____ $7,500 and over __ __ __ _ __ ______ Atlanta 0) 0) 4 9 18 18 26 27 33 35 40 43 51 59 66 88 Negro families Middlesized cities 0) (2) 6 9 14 21 28 42 34 41 47 49 50 61 55 2 81 Atlanta (3) (3) 11 12 10 22 32 55 54 66 68 82 70 85 80 3 90 Middlesized cities C) (4) (4) 9 12 18 31 48 48 55 79 100 81 4 82 1 Expenditure schedules not taken for families at this income level. 2 In the middle-sized cities all white families with incomes of $5,000 and over were combined. 3 In Atlanta the Negro families with incomes of $4,000 and over were combined. 4 In the middle-sized cities Negro families with incomes of $2,500 and over were combined. H om e ow n ersh ip an d housing valu e .—Since the imputed income of home owners constituted the major portion of the nonmoney housing values, the magnitude of these values (as averaged for all families at 4 See vol. I, ch. I. 6 Based on tabulations to appear in a later bulletin. 6 The Works Progress Administration report Intercity Differences in Costs of Living in 59 Cities, March 1935, indicates substantially larger housing costs in Atlanta than in either Columbia or Mobile. 38 F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S a given income level) depended largely on the proportion of families that owned their homes. Among both whites and Negroes in the two city units, the proportion of home owners increased rapidly in successive income classes. Below the $1,000 level in Atlanta and the $750 level in Columbia-Mobile less than 10 percent of the white families reported home ownership, while at least half were owners in the income groups above $3,500 in Atlanta and $3,000 in the middlesized cities. Among Negro families home owners outnumbered renters in all income classes above $1,250 in Atlanta and above $1,500 in Columbia-Mobile. Even among families with incomes below $500, about 10 percent owned their homes. In general, home ownership was less common among white families at given incomes in the Southeast than among those in all other cities of comparable size except in New England. The proportion of Negro families reporting home ownership, however, was higher in Atlanta than in Columbus, Ohio, at all income levels between $750 and $2,500. For home owners considered separately the average net money value of occupancy of homes owned by white families amounted to more than $100 at virtually all income levels, and to more than $600 for Atlanta families with incomes of $7,500 and over.7 Except at the lower end of the income scale Negro owners reported smaller net values for occupancy than did white owners in the same income class. Among families in the upper part of the income range the difference was quite substantial, particularly in Atlanta. Household operation.—This category included two main groups of items—household help, and supplies and services. Unlike expendi tures for housing, those for household operation increased more rapidly than total expenditures, with the result that among the higher income groups they absorbed a substantially larger share of total expenditures than in the lower part of the income scale. (See table 13.) Thus, both in Atlanta and the middle-sized cities, and among families of both races, the proportion of total expenditures devoted to household operation more than doubled over the income range. White families in Atlanta, for example, with incomes of $7,500 or over spent an average of more than $60 per month for household operation, or over half as much as for housing, whereas those at the median in terval ($1,750 to $2,000) averaged only about $11 per month, or less than one-fourth as much as for housing, and those with incomes of $500 to $750, little more than $2, barely one-sixth as much as for housing.8 7 The average value of imputed income received by home owners may be computed by dividing the average value of such income for all families by the percentage of families reporting home ownership. (See Tabular Summary, table 4-A.) 8 Comparison of the average outlays for household operation reported by white families in the Southeast and by families in other cities of comparable size included in the Study of Consumer Purchases indicates that expenditures of families in the Southeast were uniformly high, beginning at the $750 level. This fact is in interesting contrast to the relatively low housing expenditures of Southeastern families. 39 H O M E M A IN T E N A N C E T 15.— Average m oney expenditures fo r household operation able A T L A N T A : W H ITE FAM ILIES Paid household help Income class Total $500-$749__________________________________________ $750-$999__________________________________ $1,000-$1,249____________________________ . $1,250-$1,499_____________________ _ $1,500-$1,749______________________ _______ $1,750-$1,999________________________________ __ _ $2,000-$2,249______________________________________ $2,250-$2,499________ _ $2,500-$2,999_____________ _ $3,000-$3,499_________________ _ . __ _ $3,500-$3,999______________________ __ _ $4,000-$4,999________________________________ ___ $5,000-$7,499______________________________________ $7,500 a n d over__ ___ _ ________________ ___ $27 44 54 75 100 133 132 164 193 266 293 367 520 728 Other Families reporting services and Amount supplies Percent Average age amount $7 6 7 12 28 47 51 60 83 146 160 215 342 485 8 20 17 27 30 49 51 52 80 86 81 88 99 97 $88 30 41 44 93 96 100 115 104 170 198 244 345 500 $20 38 47 63 72 86 81 104 110 120 133 152 178 243 9 16 28 32 40 51 66 63 64 73 91 94 96 97 $11 31 28 44 68 65 85 102 112 142 168 202 223 366 $22 24 33 48 54 68 81 90 100 122 125 135 151 196 1 4 2 3 3 13 9 27 17 24 46 40 60 $1 10 10 33 33 92 67 63 53 75 172 170 165 $8 11 18 25 32 57 67 71 83 85 101 135 116 156 3 1 2 6 11 48 14 22 24 64 $2 40 50 17 54 56 50 23 83 108 $8 10 15 22 31 37 52 32 63 89 79 * M ID D L E-SIZED CITIES: W H ITE FAM ILIES $250-$499__________________________________________ $500-$749__________________________________________ $750-$999__________________________________________ $1,000-$1,249______________________________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ _____________________ $1,500-$1,749______________________________________ $1,750-$1,999______________________________________ $2,000-$2,249______________________________________ $2,250-$2,499______________________________________ $2,500-$2,999______________________________________ $3,000-$3,499______________________________________ $3,500-$3,999______________________________________ $4,000-$4,999______________________________________ $5,000 and over.. _______________ . ___ __________ $23 29 41 62 81 101 137 154 172 226 278 325 365 551 $1 5 8 14 27 33 56 64 72 104 153 190 214 355 A T L A N T A : NEGRO F AM ILIES Under $250 __ _______ ___ ___________ _________ $250-$499__________________________________________ $500-$749__________________________________________ $750-$999__________________________________________ $1,000-$1,249______________________________________ $1,250-$1,499______________________________________ $1,500-$1,749______________________________________ $1,750-$1,999______________________________________ $2,000-$2,249______________________________________ $2,250-$2,499______________________________________ $2,500-$2,999______________________________________ $3,000-$3,499______________________________________ $3,500-$3,999______________________________________ $4,000 and over__________ ___ ______________ $8 11 18 25 33 58 79 77 100 94 119 214 184 255 (*) (*) (*) $1 1 12 6 17 9 18 79 68 99 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES: NEG R O FAM ILIES Under $250________________________________________ $250-$499 _ $500-$749__________________________________________ $750-$999__________________________________________ $1,000-$1,249______________________________________ $1,250-$1,499______________________________________ $1,500-$1,749______________________________________ $1,75G-$1,999______________________________________ $2,000-82,249______________________________________ $2.250-$2,499______________________________________ $2,500 and over________ _______ ______ ___________ ‘Less than $1. 125018°— 40------ 4 $8 10 15 23 32 43 79 39 68 109 148 (•) (*) $1 1 6 27 7 5 20 69 40 F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S Of the two constituents included under household operation, ex penditures for paid household help were far more elastic than those for supplies and services. (See table 15.) Thus, among white families with incomes of less than $3,000 in both Atlanta and the middle-sized cities, expenditures for household help were less than those for other items of household operation, such as telephone, laundry, and miscellaneous items like stationery. Among families with incomes above $3,000, however, expenditures for paid household help were much larger than those for other household operation. The outlay for household help was consistently smaller among Negro than among white families at the same income level. Much of the increase over the income scale in the expenditures for household help was attributable to the increasing proportion of fami lies reporting such help. Among white families in the two city units, fewer than one in ten reported household help at the lowest income levels studied, but more than four out of five at the income levels above $3,000 had such help and almost every family with an income of $5,000 or more had expenditures for domestic service. Among Negro families, by contrast, more than one-half reported payments for household help only at the highest income levels studied. Preliminary examination of the detailed data on expenditures for household operation indicates that laundry expense was of major importance, with telephone costs running second. At the lowest in come levels, families spent more for laundry supplies for washing at home than for laundry sent out. At higher income levels, however, this relationship was reversed, since the average expense for laundry supplies varied little with income, while that for laundry sent out increased rapidly even among Negro families. Average outlays for telephone service also rose rapidly at succeeding income levels.9 Expenditures for household operation reported by white families were usually lower in Atlanta than in the middle-sized cities, whereas among Negro families the reverse situation obtained. The larger expenditures by white families in the middle-sized cities was due to the higher proportion of families employing household help, and hence the larger average outlays for that item. When the expenditures of families employing help are compared, there were no significant differ ences in amounts so spent. Moreover, there were no intercity differ ences in expenditures for household supplies and services other than help. Racial differences in expenditures for household operation were much greater with respect to paid household help than with respect to such relatively standardized items as telephone, laundry, and the like. Taking all household operation expenditures together, however, white families in each city unit uniformly spent more than Negro families with the same income. Based on tabulations appearing in a later bulletin. H O M E M A IN T E N A N C E 41 Furnishings and equipment.—The character of expenditures for furnishings and equipment is very different from that of the categories previously discussed. Included in this category is a wide variety of items such as kitchenware, glass, china, linens, furniture, and other durable items such as refrigerators. At any given income level, the majority of families spent relatively small sums on routine items that must be replaced frequently, while occasional families made large purchases of durable equipment. As a result of the character of this category of consumption, the range of expenditures for families within a given income class is much wider than appears in average expendi tures at successive income levels, and these averages do not, therefore, necessarily represent the level of spending for the majority of the families studied. Average expenditures for this category were under $100 up to the $3,500 level. There was a tendency for amounts spent to increase with income, particularly among the Negro families. The rise was not regular, however. In the middle-sized cities, for example, the average expenditures of white families in the income group between $1,250 and $3,500 varied irregularly from $68 to $80. There was no consistent tendency for white families to devote an increasing share of their total expenditures to furnishings and equip ment. The proportion of the total so spent generally ranged between 2 and 6 percent. In the case of Negro families the proportion varied somewhat more widely over the income scale, but increased fairly consistently in the income groups below $1,500 in Atlanta and below $1,250 in the middle-sized cities. Expenditures for furnishings and equipment, though erratic in their behavior, tended to run higher in Atlanta than in the smaller cities throughout the income range in the case of white families, and below the $1,750 level in the case of Negro families. Although in Atlanta the Negro families reported almost uniformly smaller average amounts spent on furnishings and equipment than white families, the reverse was often the case in the middle-sized cities. Expenditures for home maintenance.—When expenditures for housing, household operation, and furnishings and equipment are considered together, they amount to something over $200 among native white families even at the income level of $250 to $500 in the Southeastern communities, rising steadily to more than $2,300 for Atlanta families with incomes of $7,500 and more. Among the Negro families with incomes below $250, this important group of expenditures amounted to $155 in Atlanta and a little over $120 in the smaller cities. As among white families, there was a fairly steady, although less rapid, increase at successive income levels, the average amount reaching 42 F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S $1,031 among that very small proportion of Atlanta Negro families with incomes of $4,000 and more. In spite of the effect of the housing category on the figures for home maintenance, among white families there was practically no decline over the income range in the proportion of total expenditures devoted to home maintenance. There was, however, a fairly sub stantial decline among the Negroes. Such outlays amounted to more than 30 percent of total expenditures for current living among white families at all income levels in both Atlanta and the middle-sized cities. Among Atlanta Negro families home maintenance absorbed between 31 and 33 percent of total expenditures in the income range between $500 and $3,500, but less than 30 percent above that level. In the middle-sized cities there was no regular decline in the relative importance of the home maintenance category above the $1,000 level, although the proportion of total expenditures allocated to this group fell below 30 percent in several income groups. When expenditures for total home maintenance are taken as a group, Atlanta families had larger expenditures than did those in the middlesized cities among both white and Negro families. The slightly larger expenditures for housing and furnishings and equipment by Atlanta families outweighed the higher outlays of the families in the smaller cities for household help. While neither income nor city size exerted a substantial and con sistent influence on the proportion of total expenditures going for home maintenance, white families consistently spent more for total home maintenance than Negro families at comparable income levels, in both Atlanta and Mobile-Columbia. In Atlanta, the differences between the two racial groups in expenditures for home maintenance were about the same as the differences in outlays for food, expendi tures by Negroes generally ranging from about 70 to 90 percent of expenditures by white families for both categories. In the middlesized cities, however, the differences between white and Negro families were substantially larger in respect to home maintenance than they were with respect to food. Food expenditures reported by Negro families were generally 80 to 90 percent as large as those of white families; their home maintenance outlays, on the other hand, with one exception, never amounted to more than 75 percent of the expend itures of white families. Racial differences in the relationship between money expenditures for food and home maintenance are worth noting. Among white families in both city units, food expenditures exceeded expenditures for home maintenance at the income levels below $1,000, were roughly equal to the latter at succeeding levels up to $1,750, and then dropped consistently below home-maintenance expenditures. Among the Negro families, on the other hand, expenditures for home maintenance H O M E M A IN T E N A N C E 43 exceeded those for food at the lowest and highest income levels studied in each city unit, but throughout the middle income ranges, food expenditures were generally the higher. Housing expenditures among occupational groups.—There were some rather clear differences among the occupational groups studied in the Southeast in the level of expenditures for housing. Among white families, those in wage-earner occupations consistently reported smaller housing values than did other occupational groups. (See table 16.) Differences among the other groups were considerably less clear. In both city units, however, families in the salaried business and professional groups tended to have the largest expenditures for housing. The proportion of home owners among wage-earner families was higher than for any occupational group except the self-employed.10 This fact suggests that average equities in homes owned by wage earners were lower than for other groups, either because of larger mortgages or because they owned smaller, or less expensively built houses. Among the other groups, families of self-employed workers tended to rank high in value of housing in the middle-sized cities, but in Atlanta salaried workers ranked as high as or higher than selfemployed groups. For Negro families occupational differences in money expenditures for housing and in housing value were not well-defined. In Atlanta clerical families more often ranked higher in money outlay for this category than did the other groups, but in the middle-sized cities wage-earner families spent more than white-collar groups. In total money value of housing, Negro wage earners tended to rank relatively low in both city units, and in Atlanta salaried business and professional families were generally highest.11 On the whole, the data for Negro families indicate that occupation was without much influence on the level of housing expenditures. Expenditures for household operation and furnishings among occupa tional groups.—Among the white families studied, those in the wageearner group ranked low not only in housing expenditures but also in outlay for household operation.12 Families in independent business and professional groups, on the other hand, spent the most for such items in both Atlanta and Columbia-Mobile.13 This showing was particularly clear with respect to paid help in the middle-sized cities, and with respect to other household operation expenses in Atlanta.14 1 See Tabular Summary, table 4-A. When housing data were examined for the several occupational groups 0 with family type held constant, wage-earner families still ranked low in comparison with those in other occupations, both in money expenditures for housing and in money value of housing. (See appendix D.) 1 See Tabular Summary, table 4-A. 1 1 ThisTabular Summary, table is5. maintained when the effect of differences in family type composition 2 1 See occupational difference 3 of the several occupational groups is eliminated. (See appendix D.) u See Tabular Summary, table 5. FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 44 T able 16.— Average expenditures fo r hou sin g,1 hy occupational group A T L A N T A : W H IT E F A M IL IE S Wage earner Income class M ID D L E -S IZ E D $247 281 319 345 414 393 497 475 (?) (2) (2) C 2) C IT IE S : W H IT E $500-$749___________________________________________ $750-$999____________________________________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________________________________ $1,250-SI,499________________________________________ $1,500-$1,749________________________________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________________________________ $2,000-$2,249________________________________________ $2,250-$2,499________________________________________ $2,500-$2,999________________________________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________________________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________ _______________________ $4,000-$4,999________________________________________ $200 254 284 306 354 391 439 483 (2) (2) (2) (2) A TLA N TA : NEGRO M ID D L E -S IZ E D C IT IE S : N E G R O U nder $250 __________________ ____________ __ $250-$499 $500-$749 ____________________ __________________ $750-$999 _____________ _ _ __________ $l,000-$l,249-_ ___________________________________ $1,250-$1,499 C 2) (2) $372 432 434 482 508 600 707 769 883 975 423 490 527 546 587 736 769 899 (2) (2) $387 431 497 477 530 526 661 696 794 830 F A M IL IE S $216 269 304 362 434 458 475 495 (2) (2) (2) C 2) (2) (2) $336 383 424 443 503 518 601 601 746 795 (2) (2) $314 337 394 460 492 512 616 639 673 803 $167 189 247 293 356 362 345 555 $181 232 285 288 354 370 441 488 F A M IL IE S $163 188 216 270 292 C 2) (2) (2) $250-$499___ $500-$749___ $750-$999___ $1,000-$1,249_ $1,250-$1,499. $1,500-$1,749_ $1,750-$1,999$2,000-$2,249. $261 303 355 392 446 465 508 533 (2) (2) (2) (2) Independ Salaried ent busi ness and profes Business Profes sional sional OQ C 00 C O $750-$999 ___ _______________________ ____________________________ $1,000-$1,249$1,250-$1,499_ ___ ________________________ $1,500-$1,749___ ________________________ $1,750-$1,999 _ ________________________________ $2,000-$2,249 ______________________ $2,250-$2,499 __ ___________________________ $2,500-$2,999 _ ______________________________ $3,000-$3,499_ ________________________ , ______ $3,500-$3,999_ _____________________________ $4,000-$4,999 ____________________________ $5,000-$7,499__ ________________________________ Clerical $113 134 155 194 250 267 $136 181 272 310 335 319 420 377 F A M IL IE S 3 $111 151 187 231 269 284 1 Includes m oney expenditures for housing (rents, taxes, and current upkeep of ow ned hom es), and for fuel, ligh t, and refrigeration, and the value of housing and fuel, obtained w ithout m oney expense. 2 E xpen diture schedules not taken for fam ilies at this incom e level. 3 In the m iddle-sized cities all N egro fam ilies in occupations other than wage earner were classified together. In expenditures for furnishings and equipment occupational rela tionships were not very clear, probably because of the miscellaneous character of the category and the wide variations from year to year in the amount spent by individual families. In Atlanta, families of wage earners, which ranked low in outlay for housing and household operation, spent more for furnishings and equipment at given income levels than did any other group, while those in self-employed business and professional occupations spent less than the others,16 18 See T abular Sum m ary, table 2. H O M E M A IN T E N A N C E 45 As in the case of housing, occupational differences among Negroes in the level of spending for household operation and furnishings were insignificant. In Atlanta, variations in expenditures for the former category were associated directly with variations in value of housing, the occupational group with the highest housing values—salaried business and professional—reporting the largest outlay for household operation, and the wage-earner families, the smallest. With respect to furnishings and equipment, on the other hand, the salaried group generally spent less than other families in the same income class, but there was little difference among the other occupations. Expenditures for home maintenance among occupational groups.— Since, among white families, expenditures for housing and household operation both were relatively low for the wage-earner group, families in this occupational category ranked low also in total expenditures for home maintenance. (See table 17.) Families of salaried business and professional workers in both city units had relatively large ex penditures for this combined category, chiefly because of their rank with respect to outlay for housing. Among Negro families, the salaried business and professional group in Atlanta and the clerical group in Columbia-Mobile tended to report larger expenditures for home maintenance than other families in their respective communities. As already indicated, however, there is little clear evidence that occupation was a factor of any real signifi cance in its effect on the pattern of spending of Negro families for the categories included in home maintenance. Expenditures for home maintenance among family type groups.— Family size and composition had no pronounced influence on expendi tures for categories included in home maintenance in either city unit. Such family type differences as were found, like occupational differ ences, were better defined among white families than among Negroes. On the whole, the only consistent difference in housing among white families of varying composition was found in the proportion of home owners. In both city units the families with at least three members over 16 (types IV and V) reported home ownership with greater relative frequency than did other families.16 This difference corresponds with that found in communities surveyed in other regions, and suggests that the greater prevalence of home ownership among such families was associated with the fact that they are usually older than other families included in the Study. In general, two-person families ranked next in the proportion of owners, probably because this group includes elderly couples whose children are no longer at home, as well as young, recently married couples. 16 See T abular Sum m ary, table 4-A . 46 F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S T able 17. — A verage expenditures fo r home m ain ten an ce,1 by occupational group W H IT E F A M IL IE S Atlanta Income class $500-$749______________ $750-$999______________ $1,000-11,249._________ $1,250-$1,499__________ $1,500-$1,749__________ $1,760-SI,999._________ $2,000-$2,249__________ $2,250-$2,499__________ $2,500-$2,999__________ $3,000-$3,499__________ $3,500-$3,999._________ $4,000-$4,999__________ $5,000-17,499._________ Salaried Inde Inde pendent Wage Clerical pendent Wage Clerical business business earner and pro Busi Profes earner and pro fessional ness sional fessional $229 338 391 450 548 620 628 745 720 (») (2) (2) (*) (2) $338 457 504 558 647 679 729 795 (2) (*) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) $504 579 624 701 747 937 1,022 1,207 1,385 1,676 NEGRO Under $250__________ $250-$499____________ $500-$749____________ $750-$999____________ $1,000-$1,249__________ $1,250-$1,499_________ $1,500-$1,749_________ $1,750-$1,999_________ $2,000-$2,249_________ Middle-sized cities $156 183 224 272 349 407 (2) (2) (2) (2) $166 215 324 378 455 407 535 514 (2) $197 219 316 388 459 493 429 676 (2) (2) (2) $508 622 614 715 805 823 954 1,111 1, 206 1, 541 (2) (2) (2) $505 627 734 712 790 827 1,060 1,073 1,306 1,437 $253 314 401 440 479 562 647 712 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) $265 353 391 532 637 687 703 712 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) $454 575 613 658 766 762 908 982 1,161 1,244 00 Salaried business and pro fessional (2) (2) $431 489 579 688 750 805 909 989 1,092 1, 286 00 F A M IL IE S 4 (2) $197 256 343 352 469 534 572 644 $123 151 186 246 330 362 (2) (2) (2) $115 164 224 286 373 367 00 00 00 1 Includes all current money expenditures for housing (rents, taxes, and current upkeep of owned homes), for fuel, light, and refrigeration, for household operation, furnishings and equipment, and the value of housing and fuel received without money expense. * Expenditure schedules not taken for families at this income level. 3 Comparable data not available. 4 In A tlanta all Negro families in salaried business and professional occupations were classified together; in the middle-sized cities all Negro families other than wage-earner were classified together. In both city units expenditures for household operation were greatest among families with one or two children under 16, chiefly because such families reported more household help than did the others.17 Families with at least three members 16 or over tended to have the lowest expenditures for paid service and hence for house hold operation as a whole. While there were no clearly defined differences among the familytype groups in average amounts spent for furnishings and equipment there was some indication in both city units that the older families, with at least three members 16 or over (types IY and V), spent less than the other groups.18 17 See Tabular Summary, table 5. is See Tabular Summary, table 2. 47 H O M E M A IN T E N A N C E T able 18. — A verage expenditures fo r hou sin g,1 hy fa m ily type A T L A N T A : W H IT E F A M IL IE S F am ily type 2 Incom e class $750-$999_________________ $1,000-$1,249_____________ $1,250-$1,499_____________ $1,500-$1,749_____________ $1,750-$1,999_____________ $2,000-$2,249_____________ I $279 308 364 385 446 405 II and IV and III V $207 281 317 367 415 447 M ID D L E -S IZ E D $204 238 310 341 386 458 $50G-$749_— $760-$999— _ $l,000-$l,249. $1,250-$1,499. $1,500-11,749. $1,750-$1,999. $174 257 273 326 387 430 M ID D L E -S IZ E D $250-$499 $500-$749 $750-$999 ______ ___________ $131 152 182 F am ily type 2 Incom e class $132 146 206 $285 283 351 387 449 470 $2,250-$2,499_____________ $2,500-$2,999_____________ $3,000-$3,499_____________ $3,500-$3,999_________ $4,000-$4,999_____________ $5,000-$7,499_____________ C IT IE S : W H IT E $227 271 315 342 409 425 Incom e class $250-$499 _____________________________________ $500-$749 __________________ . _____________ $750-$999 _____________________________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________________________ $1,250-$1,499 _______________________________ $l,500-$2,249 _ . __ ______ _ _ ________ $527 524 631 791 769 1,030 $519 546 628 739 817 836 $482 519 657 655 683 829 $477 500 594 631 713 786 $463 489 607 616 689 797 $269 259 381 $231 247 338 $253 285 350 F A M IL IE S F A M IL IE S $1,000-$1,249 . ________ $1,250-$1,499_ ___________ $l,500-$2,249_____________ A TLA N TA : NEGRO II and IV and III V $481 498 652 654 800 1,016 $2,000-$2,249_____________ $2,250-$2,499_____________ $2,500-$2,999_____________ $3,000-$3,499_____________ $3,500-$3,999_____________ $4,000-$4,999_____________ C IT IE S : N E G R O $144 173 208 I F A M IL IE S F am ily typ e 2 I II III IV V VI $169 176 220 264 305 339 $154 196 226 278 299 469 $146 200 219 252 386 362 $163 197 242 308 301 435 $167 178 187 233 291 368 $150 187 210 288 299 (t) V II $166 203 222 259 309 435 1 Includes m oney expenditures for housing (rent, taxes, and current upkeep of ow ned hom es) and for fuel light, and refrigeration, and the value of housing and fuel obtained w ith ou t m oney expense. 2 T he 7 fam ily typ es are distinguished on the basis of the num ber and age of m em bers other than husband and wife, as follows: I N o other persons (fam ilies of 2). II 1 child under 16 (fam ilies of 3). III 2 children under 16 (fam ilies of 4). IV 1 person 16 or over and 1 or no other person, regardless of age (fam iles of 3 or 4). V 1 child under 16, 1 person 16 or more, and 1 or 2 others, regardless of age (fam ilies of 5 or 6). V I 3 or 4 children under 16 (fam ilies of 5 or 6). V II 1 child under 16, and 4 or 5 others, regardless of age (fam ilies of 7 or 8). fF ew er than 3 cases. FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 48 T able 19.— A verage expenditures fo r home m a in ten an cef hy fa m ily type A T L A N T A : W H IT E F am ily typ e 2 Incom e class $750-$999_________________ $1,000-$1,249_____________ $1,250-$1,499_____________ $1,500-$1,749_____________ $1,750-$1,999_____________ $2,000-$2,249_____________ F A M IL IE S I $386 503 528 610 650 640 II-III IV -V $279 382 451 550 627 694 M ID D L E -S IZ E D $281 320 394 507 604 679 $500-$749 __________ . _ $75G-$999_________________ $1,000-$1,249 $1,250-$1,499 ___ $1 500-$l,749 $ l’750-$l,999_____________ , $213 326 396 503 566 691 M ID D L E -S IZ E D $147 183 243 $250-$499. $500-$749. $750-$999. $150 176 261 $374 367 469 535 642 667 II-III $708 729 1,029 985 1,204 1,612 $808 816 953 1,275 1,268 1,788 $733 833 1,001 1,092 1, 282 1,477 $727 791 1,000 1,069 1,080 1,258 $762 782 921 938 1,182 1,263 $653 694 858 985 1,083 1.287 $373 380 521 $308 365 458 $327 358 464 IV -V F A M IL IE S $2,000-$2,249_____________ $2,250-$2,499_____________ $2,500-$2,999_____________ $3,000-$3,499_____________ $3,500-$3,999__________ $4,000-$4,999_____________ C IT IE S : N E G R O $163 207 251 I $2,250-$2,499_____________ $2,500-$2,999_____________ $3,000-$3,499_____________ $3,500-$3,999_____________ $4,000-$4,999_____________ $5,000-$7,499_____________ C IT IE S : W H IT E $276 321 430 460 532 580 F am ily typ e 2 Incom e class F A M IL IE S $1,000-$1,249_____________ $1,250-$1,499_____________ $l,500-$2,249_____________ A T L A N T A : N E G R O F A M IL IE S Incom e class $250-$499______________________________________ $500-$749______________________________________ $750-$999______________________________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________________________ F am ily typ e 2 I II III IV V VI $193 216 277 374 449 456 $168 231 301 357 408 642 $165 248 257 324 539 563 $189 227 306 370 415 556 $183 209 231 290 371 459 $163 219 244 356 390 (t) V II $179 229 273 334 381 533 1 Includes all current m oney expenditures for housing (rent, taxes, and current upkeep of ow ned hom es), for fuel, ligh t, and refrigeration, for household operation, furnishings and equipm ent, and the value of hous ing and fuel received w ith ou t m oney expense. 2 T he 7 fam ily types are distinguished on the basis of the num ber and age of m em bers other than hus band and wife, as follows: I N o other persons (fam ilies of 2). II 1 child under 16 (fam ilies of 3). III 2 children under 16 (fam ilies of 4). IV 1 person 16 or over and 1 or no other person, regardless of age (fam ilies of 3 or 4). V 1 child under 16,1 person 16 or more, and 1 or 2 others, regardless of age (fam ilies of 5 or 6). V I 3 or 4 children under 16 (fam ilies of 5 or 6). V II 1 child under 16, and 4 or 6 others, regardless of age (fam ilies of 7 or 8). tF ew er than 3 cases. Summary Home maintenance expenditures increased with income, but de creased in relative importance over the income range. The decline in the percentage of income spent for this category was not as great, however, as in the percentage spent for food. Housing expenditures were responsible for the decline, since the proportion going to house hold operation was greater in the upper part of the income scale than in the lower, and the proportion going to furnishings and equip ment remained relatively constant throughout the income range. The H O M E M A IN T E N A N C E 49 proportion of home owners increased in successive income classes, but tended to be lower in the Southeastern cities studied than in those of similar size in most other regions. On the whole, expenditures for home maintenance by Negro families followed patterns similar to those for whites, except that average amounts spent for each constituent category were substantially smaller among Negroes than among whites. Among families of each race, within a city unit, occupation was more important than family type in influencing home maintenance expenditures. Among the white families, wage earners quite con sistently had lower expenditures than families in other occupational groups. Among the white families, also, those with at least three members over 16 (types IV and V) tended to report the lowest expenditures. Among the Negroes, business and professional families in Atlanta and white-collar families in Columbia and Mobile ranked high. No family type pattern was evident, however, in that racial group. Chapter V Clothing and Personal Care Clothing 1 ranked next in importance to food and housing in the budgets of most groups of families studied in the Southeastern region, although its share of total money expenditures for current living was much less than that of either of the other basic essentials already dis cussed. Among white families with incomes under $2,000, outlay for clothing took scarcely 10 percent of total money expenditures and was thus only about one-third as large as the amount spent for food, and about half of that for housing. Expenditures for clothing not only increased with income, but, unlike those for food and housing, increased rapidly enough to account for a larger proportion of total money expenditures at the top of the income scale than at the bottom. The relative increase in outlay for clothing was not so great among white families in the Southeast as in other regions included in the investigation. The increase was more pronounced among Negro families, however. The proportion of total money expenditures so used approximately doubled over the income range in which Negro families were studied. Clothing expenditures, which averaged about $70 for white families with incomes under $1,000, aveaaged to over $180 for those at the median income interval in Atlanta ($1,750 to $2,000) and somewhat less for those in the middle-sized cities. (See table 20.) At higher incomes the increase continued, average expenditures being over $350 for families with incomes of $3,500 or more, and well ovei $500 for the relatively few Atlanta families with incomes of $5,000 and above. (See fig. 3.) The small average money outlay for clothing at the low income levels indicates that at such levels the sums spent covered little more than absolute essentials, and that, especially among the Negroes, some of the purchases were probably second-hand garments. It is probable also that in the larger families the same garment often served two or more members in turn, and that gifts of new or partly worn clothing were received, particularly by families with children. At the upper income levels the amounts spent provided not only clothing essentials but an increasing proportion of articles purchased because of the desire for style and variety. i Purchases of all wearing apparel, accessories and jew elry, and expenditures for cleaning and pressing and for m aterials and paid help used in hom e sew ing were classified as expenditures for clothing. 50 CLOTHING AND PERSONAL CARE 51 Fig. 3 CLOTHING AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL MONEY EXPENDITURES AT SELECTED INCOME LEVELS SOUTHEAST REGION, 1 9 3 5 - 1 9 3 6 NON RELIE F FAMILIES INCLUDING HUSBAND AND WIFE BOTH NATIVE BORN CLOTHING PERCENTAGE WHIT E FAMILIES ATLANTA NEGRO FAMILIES percentage -----------------------------------------------,18 16 - - 16 14 - 750 1250 1750 2 25 0 3 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 5 00 0 ANDUNDER AND UNDER ANOUNOER AND UNDER AND UNDER AND UNDER AND UNDER 1000 1500 2 0 0 0 2 50 0 3500 5 00 0 750 0 AND UNDER AND UNDER AND UNDER ANO UNDER AND UNDER AND 1000 1500 2 0 0 0 2500 3 500 OVER MIDDLE-SIZED CITIES PERCENTAGE W HIT E FAMILIES NEGRO FAMILIES -----------------------------------------------i8 p e r c e n ta g e 18 --------------------------------------------------------------------16 14 - 12 - 500 1000 1500 2 0 0 0 2 50 0 3 500 4 0 0 0 AND UNDER ANO UNDER ANO UNDER AND UNDER AND UNDER ANO UNDER AND UNDER 750 1250 1750 2250 3 0 0 0 4 0 0 0 5 0 0 0 500 1000 1500 2 000 250 0 AND UNDER AND UNDER AND UNDER AND UNDER AND 750 1250 1750 2250 OVER INCOME CLASS IN DOLLARS U . 3. BUREAU OF LABOR S TATISTICS 52 F A M IL Y E X P E N D IT U R E IN S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S T able 20.—Average m oney expenditures fo r clothing and personal care in 1 yea r , 1 98 5-86 A T L A N T A : W H IT E FAM ILIES Percentage of total money expendi tures 1 Amount Income class $500-$749_____________ $750-$999_____________ $1,000-$1,249___________ $1,250-$1,499___________ $1,500-$1,749___________ $1,750-$1,999___________ $2,000-$2,249___________ $2,250-$2,499___________ $2,500-$2,999___________ $3,000-$3,499___________ $3,500-$3,999___________ $4,000-$4,999___________ $5,000-$7,499___________ $7,500 and over_________ Clothing Clothing and care and care care combined sonalper Clothing Personal sonalper Clothing Personal care combined $63 9.4 7.0 $47 $16 2.4 109 85 24 11.1 8.7 2.4 148 118 30 12.5 10.0 2.5 168 135 33 12.2 9.8 2.4 188 153 35 11.9 9.7 2.2 182 12.2 225 43 9.9 2.3 252 209 43 12.7 10.5 2.2 293 245 48 13.3 11.1 2.2 52 319 267 13.3 11.1 2.2 353 60 293 12.6 10.5 2.1 74 13.4 425 351 11.1 2.3 14.2 509 73 436 12.2 2.0 84 13.2 614 530 11.4 1.8 125 888 763 12.8 11.0 1.8 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES: W H IT E FAM ILIES $250-$499_____________ $500-$749_____________ $750-$999_____________ $1,000-$1,249___________ $1,250-$1,499___________ $1,500-$1,749___________ $1,750-$1,999___________ $2,000-$2,249___________ $2,250-$2,499___________ $2,500-$2,999___________ $3,000-$3,499___________ $3,500-$3,999___________ $4,000-$4,999___________ $5,000 and over ________ $61 72 93 128 152 182 203 249 253 306 345 374 436 684 $50 58 72 102 123 151 166 209 212 261 298 319 380 591 $11 14 21 26 29 31 37 40 41 45 47 55 56 93 10.9 10.8 10.5 11.4 11.6 11.9 11.5 12.6 12.4 12.8 13.1 12.5 12.5 13.9 8.9 8.7 8.1 9.1 9.4 9.9 9.4 10.6 10.4 10.9 11.3 10.7 10.9 12.0 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.9 5.7 9.0 11.5 14.6 15.6 16.3 16.9 15.9 14.2 14.7 18.5 18.4 17.8 18.7 3.6 6.4 8.7 11.6 12.4 13.1 14.0 13.4 11.7 12.1 15.6 15.4 15.7 15.4 2.1 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.2 2.9 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.9 3.0 2.1 3.3 4.2 7.7 10.7 12.6 12.8 14.7 12.1 10.4 12.7 12.5 16.3 2.3 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.7 1.6 2.1 2.6 A T L A N T A : NEGR O FAM ILIES Under $250____________ $250-$499_____________ $500-$749_____________ $750-$999_____________ $1,000-$1,249___________ $1,250-$1,499 __________ $1,500-$1,749___________ $1,750-$1,999___________ $2,000-$2,249___________ $2,250-$2,499___________ $2,500-$2,999___________ $3,000-$3,499___________ $3,500-$3,999___________ $4,000 and over ----- ------- $16 38 73 118 159 197 240 258 244 268 343 434 485 674 $10 27 55 94 126 158 199 217 201 220 290 364 429 555 $6 11 18 24 33 39 41 41 43 48 53 70 56 119 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES: N EGR O FAM ILIES Under $250____________ $14 $9 $5 6.5 $250-$499_____________ 40 29 11 10.6 $500-$749_____________ 79 62 17 13.6 $750-$999_____________ 123 99 24 15.7 $1,000-$1,249___________ 156 15.6 128 28 $1,250-$1,499___________ 217 187 30 17.1 204 172 32 14.4 $1,500-$1,749___________ 213 44 $1,750-$1,999___________ 169 13.1 222 197 $2,000-$2,249___________ 25 14.3 274 234 40 $2,250-$2,499 ____________ 14.6 334 $2,500 and over__ __ __ 388 54 18.9 1See glossary, appendix B, for the definition of expenditures used in this study. C L O T H IN G AND PER SO N A L CARE 53 Clothing expenditures oj husbands and wives.—In both the urban units studied, the average clothing expenses of husbands equalled or exceeded those of wives among white families at the lower income levels.2 In Atlanta this relationship was reversed at the $2,000 level and above; in the middle-sized cities, only above the $3,500 level. Among the Negro families, there was a clear tendency, particularly in Atlanta, for expenditures of wives to equal or exceed those of husbands throughout the income range. Personal care.—Since expenditures for personal care (including barber-shop and beauty-parlor services, toilet articles, and prepara tions) are closely related to those for clothing, it seems appropriate to consider them here. On the whole, average amounts spent for personal care maintained a very constant relationship to total money expenditures, varying from about 2 or 3 percent of this total through out the income range. (See table 20.) They averaged about onefourth as large as clothing expenditures for families below the $1,000 income level, but only about one-sixth as large for the families with incomes of $5,000 or more. Intercity differences in expenditures for clothing and personal care.— White families in Atlanta clearly spent more for both clothing and personal care than did the comparable families in the middle-sized cities (table 20). These differences were more marked in respect to outlays for clothing than for personal care, but differences in the combined expenditures were great enough at most income levels so that, although total money expenditures for current living were greater at most income levels in Atlanta than in Columbia-Mobile, a larger share of this total went for these categories in the former city than in the two latter. Among the Negroes, intercity differences in clothing expenditures were less clearly marked, although, due to the larger families sched uled among Atlanta Negroes, greater differences than appeared among the white families might have been expected. Atlanta Negro fami lies reported average expenditures for personal care that were genererally equal to if not larger than those of families in the middle-sized cities. The share of total expenditures going for clothing and per sonal care combined was usually smaller in Atlanta than in the middle-sized cities at the lower income levels, and at least as large or larger at the upper income levels. Among the white families, average clothing expenditures of hus bands and wives, as well as total family expense, were generally greater in Atlanta than in the middle-sized cities. This was particularly marked in the case of the wives' expenditures. With reference to the Negro families, however, the intercity differences were very slight, with the expenditures of both husbands and wives tending to be less 2 See Tabular Summary, table 6. 54 F A M IL Y E X P E N D IT U R E IN S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S in Atlanta than in Columbia-Mobile. This was to be expected, in view of the larger average size of family in Atlanta, since clothing expenditures of husbands and wives are generally in inverse relation ship to size of family. Racial differences in expenditures for clothing and personal care.— The well-defined differences in expenditure patterns between white and Negro families, noted in the case of food and housing, appear also in clothing expenditures. While Negro families in these two city groups consistently spent less for food and housing than did white families at the same income level, they spent more than white families for clothing. At almost every comparable income level, the average clothing outlays of Negro families exceeded those of white families, in both Atlanta and the middle-sized cities. That the difference was not one merely of size of family is shown clearly by the fact that the same relationship appears in the average expenditures of husbands and wives. This was naturally more marked in the middle-sized cities than in Atlanta, since in the latter city the larger number of other family members among the Negroes reduced the average expenditures of husbands and wives. Even in Atlanta, however, average expendi tures of Negro husbands were greater than those of husbands in the white families in half of the comparable income classes, and those of Negro wives were greater in two-thirds of the 12 income groups compared. Racial differences in average clothing expenditures tended to be greater among the wives than the husbands, in both Atlanta and the middle-sized cities. Particularly in Atlanta, the average amounts spent for clothing by white and Negro husbands were more alike than were expenditures of husbands and wives in each racial group separately.3 Similar differences between white and Negro families were found in expenditures for personal care, although the size of such differences was naturally small. Hence, when clothing and personal care are combined, the racial difference noted above is still clearly apparent. The differential is summarized below by showing expenditures of Negro families for clothing and personal care as a percentage of those of white families at the same income level: Income class $500-$749----$750-$999___ $1,000-$1,249. $1,250-$1,499. $1,500-$1,749. Atlanta 116 108 107 117 128 Middlesized cities 110 132 122 143 112 Income class $1,750-$1,999_____________ $2,000-$2,249_____________ $2,250-$2,499.......... ............... $2,500-$2,999____________ $3,000-$3,999........ ................. Atlanta 116 95 91 109 123 Middlesized cities 105 89 108 Expenditures for clothing and personal care among occupational groups 3 See Tabular Summary, table 6. .—Occupational classification appears to have exercised little CLOTHING AND PERSONAL CARE 55 influence on the level of spending for clothing or personal care for the family as a whole. (See table 21.) Among white families in the middle-sized cities, however, wage-earner families had the lowest average outlay for clothing, and salaried workers, the highest. Among the Negro families, on the other hand, those in the wage-earner group tended to have relatively larger expenditures for clothing and personal T able 21, — Average m oney expenditures fo r clothing and personal care , by occupa tion al grou p , in 1 year , 1 9 3 5 -3 6 A T L A N T A : W H IT E FAM ILIES Clothing Income class $750-$999__________ $1,000-$1,249______ $1,250-$M99_______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249_______ $2,250-$2,499______ $2,500-$2,999______ $3,0OO-$3,499_______ $3,500-$3,999______ $4,000-$4,999_______ $5,000-$7,499_______ Personal care Inde Inde Salaried Salaried pendent Wage Cler pendent Wage Cler business business earner ical and pro Busi Profes earner ical and pro Busi Profes fessional ness sional fessional ness sional $82 122 132 169 185 202 253 257 0) (9 0) 0) $93 112 152 148 183 214 251 270 (9 0) (9 (9 (9 (9 (9 (0 $114 $111 105 183 193 210 267 254 364 416 523 (9 0) $128 128 174 217 244 265 313 349 446 551 146 177 224 228 280 299 343 422 445 $22 32 32 36 43 40 41 49 (9 (9 (9 (9 $26 28 35 35 43 45 56 51 (9 (9 (9 (9 (9 (9$29 (9 (9 $34 34 39 44 43 52 57 65 71 88 (9 (9$30 34 40 45 48 56 61 80 73 84 35 49 50 44 59 66 66 75 79 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES: W H IT E FAM ILIES $500-$749__________ $750-$999__________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249______ $2,250-$2.499_______ $2,500-$2,999______ $3,000-$3,499_______ $3,500-$3,999_______ $4,000-$4,999_______ $59 72 101 122 151 140 197 188 (9 (9 (9 (9 $53 74 94 118 153 178 211 243 (9 (9 (9 • (9 (9 (9 2 $10 138 150 160 177 195 252 314 305 347 (9 (9 $137 136 151 194 231 203 264 292 326 393 $14 20 25 28 30 33 37 41 (9 (9 (9 (9 $14 22 30 29 32 39 42 44 9 (9$25 (9 (9 (9 (9 29 32 31 33 43 47 46 53 53 $26 28 32 40 46 35 45 48 56 57 $12 18 30 33 39 40 50 40 $11 16 24 21 37 42 35 35 $7 18 23 38 34 41 38 53 (9 (9 A T L A N T A : NEG R O FAM ILIES $250-$499__________ $500-$749__________ $750-$999__________ $1,000-$1,249______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999______ $2,000-$2,249_______ $28 56 94 132 163 (9 (9 (9 $23 66 88 102 172 181 227 249 $21 47 99 81 123 188 240 123 $19 51 91 127 127 225 181 171 $11 18 23 33 40 (9 (9 (9 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES: N EGR O FAM ILIES 2 Under $250________ $250-$499__________ $500-$749 _ _ . _ $750-$999__________ $1,000-$1,249 _ $1,250-$1,499_______ 1 2 $9 30 62 100 130 193 $4 24 65 88 123 167 $6 11 16 24 29 32 $2 10 19 21 25 22 Expenditure schedules not taken for families at this income level. In the middle-sized cities all Negro families other than wage earners were classified together. 125018°— 40------5 56 F A M IL Y E X P E N D IT U R E IN S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S care, particularly in the middle-sized cities, than did families in whitecollar occupations. This difference may be due to a larger proportion of wives working outside the home in the wage-earner group. Other studies have shown that women gainfully employed in wage-earner or clerical occupations spend more for clothing than do women of the same age who are not so employed.4 T a b l e 2 2 .— A verage m oney expenditures of husbands and wives fo r clothing , by occupational grou p , in 1 year , 1 93 5 -3 6 A T L A N T A : W H ITE FAM ILIES Wives Husbands Income class $750-$999__________ $1,000-$1,249______ $1,250-$1,499______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999______ $2,000-12,249______ $2,250-$2,499______ $2,500-12,999_______ $3,000-$3,499_______ $3,500-$3,999_______ $4,000-$4,999_______ $5,000-$7,499_______ Salaried Inde Inde Salaried pendent Wage Cleri pendent Wage Cleri business business earner cal and pro Busi Profes earner cal and pro Busi Profes fessional ness sional fessional ness sional $30 50 44 62 64 63 78 73 0) 0) 0) 0) $41 43 53 51 66 70 81 86 0 0 0 0 0) 0) $42 40 58 59 81 90 81 121 125 150 0) 0) $48 57 67 82 78 93 95 101 117 134 0 0 $44 54 67 81 100 93 100 125 129 155 $31 42 45 57 58 61 94 80 0 0) 0) 0) $33 38 62 59 70 79 107 104 0 0 0 0 0 0 $35 33 74 54 73 94 101 127 166 226 0 0 $38 46 64 84 82 93 114 139 158 208 0 0) $44 48 68 94 89 103 122 116 127 157 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES: W H IT E FAM ILIES $500-$749__________ $750-$999__________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499__.____ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249______ $2,250-$2,499______ $2,500-$2,999______ $3,000-$3,499 ______ $3,500-$3,999 _____ $4,000-$4,999_______ $22 25 33 36 49 48 62 51 0 0 0 0) $21 26 35 44 61 66 79 80 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) $37 47 52 56 60 64 76 95 93 114 0) 0) $50 52 59 66 78 68 98 107 104 114 $22 23 36 40 46 45 60 60 0 0 0) 0) $16 24 36 35 48 64 74 72 0) 0 0 0 6) 0 $37 50 56 61 63 70 86 115 112 111 0) 0) $56 49 54 68 91 72 80 94 122 119 $8 18 33 44 25 71 110 32 $4 19 40 49 48 53 68 57 A T L A N T A : N EGR O FAM ILIES $250-$499__________ $500-$749__________ $750-$999__________ $1,000-$1,249______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249_______ $10 19 30 36 50 0 0 0 $8 28 29 26 59 46 88 65 $8 16 32 18 36 50 69 45 $10 17 27 55 51 77 52 58 0 0 0 $10 21 35 41 57 $11 24 34 40 75 60 75 74 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES: NEGRO F A M IL IE S 2 Under $250________ $250-$499__________ $500-$749__________ $750-$999__________ $1,000-$1,249______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $3 10 22 35 43 51 $2 10 22 27 44 47 $4 11 24 35 43 56 $2 10 27 32 51 56 1 Expenditure schedules not taken for families at this income level. 2 In the middle-sized cities all Negro families other than wage earners were classified together. 4 See U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Bull. No. 640, Money Disbursements of Wage Earners and Clerical Workers in Twelve Cities of the South, Washington, 1939. C L O T H IN G AND PE R SO N A L CARE 57 When clothing expenditures of husbands and wives in families of the several occupational groups are examined there appears a tendency in Atlanta for husbands and wives in families in the self-employed groups to spend slightly less than those in other occupations. This difference, although small, appeared in the data for both racial groups. (See table 22.) Expenditures jor clothing and personal care among family type groups.—As would be expected, the composition of a family had much more effect upon expenditures for clothing than did occupational classification. There was clearly a direct relationship between family composition and average expenditures for both clothing and personal care, however, both among the white and the Negro families. In Atlanta, where seven family types were included among the Negroes covered in the Study, the greater cost of clothing an adult than a child is reflected in the high average expenditures by families of five or six persons with a majority of adult members, as contrasted with those of families at the same income level with five or six mem bers but with at least three under 16.1 Average expenditures for personal care were remarkably similar among Negro families of different composition in both Atlanta and the middle-sized cities. In spite of the fact that the larger and older families spent more for clothing than the smaller and younger ones at the same income level, it appears that an expenditure which would have supplied each family member with clothes comparable to those worn by individuals in the smaller families would usually have required sacrifices of other goods which were regarded as essential by the larger families. Data from families of varying composition show a very close in verse relationship between family size and the average clothing ex penditures of husbands and wives. (See table 24.) The husbands and wives in two-person families almost invariably had the highest expenditures, followed by those in families containing one or two children; the expenditures of husbands and wives in families with three to six members, at least three of them over 16, were lowest. This was equally true at all income levels among the white families in both Atlanta and the middle-sized cities, and the Negro families in the smaller cities. Among the more numerous family types studied for Atlanta Negroes, the average outlays of husbands and wives were always greatest in the families of husband and wife only, followed by those with one or two children under 16. Families with seven or eight members (type VII) and those with five or six, at least three over 16 (type V), usually reported thes mallest clothing expendi tures for husbands and wives. 5 The direct relationship between size of family composition and amount spent for clothing is evident also when average expenditures are compared for the several family type groups with each occupational group given equal weight. (See appendix D.) 58 T able FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 23 .—Average money expenditures for clothing and personal care, by family type, in 1 year, 1935-86 A T L A N T A : W H IT E F A M IL IE S F am ily typ e 1 Incom e class I $750-$999 _ - ___________ _________ $1,000-$1,249 __________________________ $1,250-$1,499 __________________________ $1,500-$1,749 ____________________________ $1,750-$1,999 ____________________________ $2 000-$2,249 ___________________ _____________________ $2,250-$2,499 $2,500-$2,999 _________________________ $3,000-$3,499 _______________________ $3,500-$3,999 __________________________ _________________ ____ $4,000-$4,999 $5 000-$7,499 - _ ___ __ --M ID D L E -S IZ E D $500-$749___________________________________ $750-$999___________________________________ $1,000-$1,249_______________________________ $1,250-$1,499_______________________________ $1,500-$1,749_______________________________ $1,750-$1,999_______________________________ $2,000-$2,249_______________________________ $2,250-$2,499_______________________________ $2,500-$2,999_______________________________ $3,000-$3,499_______________________________ $3,500-$3,999_______________________________ $4,000-$4,999_______________________________ M ID D L E -S IZ E D $250-$499___________________________________ $500-$749___________________________________ $750-$999___________________________________ $1,000-$1,249_______________ ________ $1,250-$1,499_______________________________ $l,500-$2,249_______________________________ $90 96 126 144 144 183 247 247 239 351 403 500 C lothing II and III $80 132 135 156 189 217 226 291 318 312 394 488 C IT IE S : W H IT E $70 61 89 92 154 142 205 182 223 245 246 296 $27 52 89 121 124 170 A TLA N TA : NEGRO Incom e class F A M IL IE S $49 72 102 125 143 173 202 208 226 304 308 324 C IT IE S : N E G R O P ersonal care II and IV and I III V $23 $24 $23 32 29 28 28 33 36 34 37 35 41 43 45 39 42 47 45 52 50 53 52 52 60 65 58 77 64 79 71 64 80 85 86 84 IV and V $89 124 142 156 206 220 259 263 309 382 477 559 $59 80 115 144 158 176 215 229 308 319 364 438 $12 16 27 26 31 33 41 35 40 42 55 52 $14 21 28 30 30 39 40 37 43 53 50 51 $15 23 24 30 32 37 41 46 50 46 58 59 $9 16 22 28 30 36 $11 18 23 29 31 26 $13 17 25 28 29 38 F A M IL IE S $26 70 98 116 159 152 $37 67 108 139 216 204 F A M IL IE S F am ily typ e 1 I II IV 111 V VI $31 50 114 136 191 254 $20 64 91 119 134 (t) $36 42 119 166 186 237 $10 18 21 40 36 47 $10 19 24 33 30 (t) $15 16 25 37 32 47 V II C lothing $250-$499______________________________________ $500-$749______________________________________ $750-$999______________________________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________ _______________ $25 55 83 115 146 199 $28 54 80 126 154 142 $35 48 97 125 126 223 $25 63 99 123 158 198 Personal care $250-$499______________________________________ $500-$749______________________________________ $750-$999______________________________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________________________ $11 20 24 32 42 34 $11 16 25 27 38 40 $14 17 24 24 52 37 $11 17 23 32 40 45 1 T h e 7 fam ily typ es are distinguished on the basis of the num ber and age of m em bers other than husband and w ife, as follows: I N o other persons (fam ilies of 2). II 1 child under 16 (fam ilies of 3). III 2 children under 16 (fam ilies of 4). IV 1 person 16 or over and 1 or no other person, regardless of age (fam ilies of 3 or 4). V 1 child under 16, 1 person 16 or over, and 1 or 2 others, regardless of age (fam ilies of 5 or 6). V I 3 or 4 children under 16 (fam ilies of 5 or 6). V II 1 child under 16, and 4 or 5 others, regardless of age (fam ilies of 7 or 8). t F ew er than 3 cases. CLOTHING AND PERSONAL CARE 59 T able 24. —Average money expenditures of husbands and wives for clothing, by family type, in 1 year, 1985— 36 A T L A N T A : W H IT E Incom e class I $750-$999___________________________________ $1,000-$1,249_______________________________ $1,250-$1,499_______________________________ $1,500-$1,749_______________________________ $1,750-$1,999_______________________________ $2,000-$2,249_______________________________ $2,250-$2,499_______________________________ $2,500-$2,999_______________________________ $3,000-$3,499_______________________________ $3,500-$3,999_______________________________ $4,000-$4,999_______________________________ $5,000-$7,499_______________________________ M ID D L E -S IZ E D $500-$749____________________________ ______ $750-$999__________ _____________ ______ $1,000-41,249_______________________________ $1,250-$1,499_______________________________ $1,500-$1,749_______________________________ $1,750-$1,999_______________________________ $2,000-$2,249_______________________________ $2,250-$2,499_______________________________ $2,500-$2,999_______________________________ $3,000-$3,499_______________________________ $3,500-$3,999_______________________________ $4,000-$4,999_______________________________ M ID D L E -S IZ E D $250-$499______ ____________________________ $500-$749___________________________________ $750-$999___________________________________ $1,000-$1,249_______________________________ $1,250-$1,499_______________________________ $l,50O-$2,249............................................................... $44 48 60 73 72 79 108 107 107 152 170 210 F A M IL IE S F am ily typ e 1 H usbands W ives II and III IV an d V I II and III IV an d V $28 $30 $24 $45 $29 32 55 47 43 27 52 38 75 47 30 59 37 70 56 38 72 52 70 55 71 79 52 102 75 50 82 61 139 79 74 104 60 138 110 59 110 73 133 132 82 108 110 199 122 103 142 233 97 163 116 159 126 290 217 177 C IT IE S : W H IT E $36 32 36 46 79 70 91 90 121 118 117 139 $19 26 39 46 54 67 76 76 99 126 105 129 C IT IE S : N E G R O $13 23 40 59 51 88 A TLA N TA : NEGRO F A M IL IE S $12 19 30 32 40 44 60 50 72 79 89 97 $34 28 52 46 73 71 114 86 102 124 129 157 $18 25 36 42 50 65 74 83 78 104 133 116 $13 16 26 34 31 44 50 49 76 81 104 102 $14 28 43 61 73 82 $8 26 34 44 56 56 $11 16 26 34 52 45 F A M IL IE S $9 24 39 41 59 66 $8 19 26 32 46 52 F A M IL IE S H U SBAN D S incom e ciass $250-$499_______________________________________ $500-$749_______________________________________ $750-$999_______________________________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________________________ $1,250-$1,499 __________________________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________________________ F am ily typ e 1 II I $12 26 35 44 64 91 III IV V V II VI $11 19 30 39 41 50 $12 11 32 39 24 82 $7 17 25 32 51 47 $5 11 31 22 37 58 $9 21 29 52 64 62 $10 16 29 37 52 80 $7 20 38 35 44 61 $6 9 25 25 40 45 (t) $4 18 24 33 33 $5 8 18 27 31 52 $5 17 27 34 44 $4 8 14 24 29 46 W IV E S $250-$499_______________________________________ $500-$749_______________________________________ $750-$999_______________________________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________________________ $13 28 46 60 82 106 (t) i T he 7 fam ily types are distinguished on the basis of the num ber and age of m em bers other than husband and wife, as follows: I N o other persons (fam ilies of 2). II 1 child under 16 (fam ilies of 3). III 2 children under 16 (fam ilies of 4). IV 1 person 16 or over and 1 or no other person, regardless of age (fam ilies of 3 or 4). V 1 child under 16,1 person 16 or m ore, and 1 or 2 others, regardless of age (fam ilies of 5 or 6). V I 3 or 4 children under 16 (fam ilies of 5 or 6). V II 1 child under 16, and 4 or 5 others, regardless of age (fam ilies of 7 or 8). t Few er than 3 cases. 60 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES SUMMARY Average expenditures for clothing increased somewhat more rapidly than total money expenditures for current living among white fami lies and considerably more rapidly among the Negroes. Negro fami lies spent more for clothing than did white families at the same income level. Outlay for clothing and personal care combined was generally larger in Atlanta than in the middle-sized cities. While there was little difference among the occupational groups in average expendi tures for clothing, the outlay for this category varied directly with family composition, although not in proportion to the number of members to be clothed. Accordingly, clothing expenditures of hus bands and wives tended to vary inversely with size of family. In the lower part of the income range, the average amount spent for clothing by wives was generally about the same as that for husbands, but at the upper income levels the outlay for wives usually exceeded that for husbands. Chapter V I T ransportation The importance of the transportation category among families studied in the Southeast appears clearly from its position in relation to other expenditure items. In average outlay it is, of course, sub stantially less important than food and shelter, and, except among white families at the upper income levels, less important than clothing. There is, however, no mistaking the readiness of the families studied to increase expenditures for transportation as rapidly as income will permit. Atlanta white families with incomes of $500 to $1,000, for example, spent scarcely one-tenth as much for transportation as for food or home maintenance, while those with incomes of $5,000 and more spent about one-half as much for transportation as for either of these two essentials. On the other hand, Atlanta Negro families with incomes below $500 spent only about one-twentieth as much for all transportation as for food or home maintenance; those with incomes of $3,000 and more about three-quarters as much. The comparatively large place given to transportation in the family budget has one outstanding explanation, the automobile. Among white families, at virtually all income levels except the lowest, two-thirds or more of the total outlay for transportation took that form. Thus, among white families at least, transportation in this study represents predominantly the family automobile, and the ramifications of automobile use in all spheres of family activity, social and recreational as well as more purely utilitarian, mean that the expenditures presented here are only in part outlays for transporta tion to and from work, or school or shopping centers. Expenditures for transportation increased more rapidly over the income range than did those for any of the categories so far discussed, and while they were much smaller than clothing expenditures at the bottom of the income scale, they rose more rapidly, so that white families with incomes of $1,750 or more spent at least as much, on the average, for transportation as for clothing. Among Negro families, whose clothing expenditures were relatively high, average transportation outlays were generally lower than clothing expenditures at all but one or two of the highest income levels. (See table 25.) Among white families the increase in relative importance of ex penditures for transportation was largely concentrated in the lower 61 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 62 Fig. 4 TRANSPORTATION AS A PERCENTAGE OF TOTAL MONEY EXPENDITURES AT SELECTED INCOME LEVELS SOUTHEAST REGION, 1 9 3 5 - 1 9 3 6 NONRELIEF W HIT E FAMILIES INCLUDING HUSBAND AND WIFE BOTH NATIVE BORN AT L A NT A PERCENTAGE PERCENTAGE 0 ADUDR AOUDR ADUDR ADUDR A3000E AD0NE ADUDR N750 E 1250 E 1750 E 2250 E N UDR 4N U0DR 5000E N N N NN NN DN NN 1000 1500 2000 2500 3500 5000 7500 MIDDLE-SIZED CITIES 4 ADUDR A1000E A1500E A2000E A2500R A3500E ADUDR N500E N UDR N UDR N UDR N UD N DN DN DN D NE N UDR N0 0 0E DN N 750 1250 U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 1750 2250 3000 INCOME CLASS IN DOLLARS 4000 5000 __________ _______________________________ ____ TRANSPORTATION 63 portion of the income scale. Above the $2,000 level in both Atlanta and the middle-sized cities, such expenditures showed comparatively little increase as a proportion of total money outlay for current living. Among Negro families, however, they varied widely from one income level to another, but in general assumed considerably greater im portance in the upper part of the income range than in the lower part. (See fig. 4.) For purposes of this study, the category of transportation included three main items: expense for automobiles purchased (gross price less trade-in allowance on old cars), automobile operation, and other transportation, local and interurban. Transportation expense charge able to business was deducted from family expense in this field.1 All other transportation was included, however, from daily trips to and from office and school to holiday trips by automobile, train, or boat. Automobile purchase .—Expenditures for automobile purchase, like those for many of the durable items of furnishings and equipment, are irregular in occurrence and vary considerably with general eco nomic conditions. In consequence, although the proportion of families purchasing cars increased at successive income levels in the South eastern cities studied, the rise was by no means regular. At the lower levels, fewer than 1 in 10 families purchased cars, and only at the highest levels did more than 3 in 10 report purchase. The average expenditures of all families for automobile purchase increased rapidly with income, although less rapidly than operation expenditures at the lower levels.2 Automobile ownership and operation .—Expenditures for automobile operation were the largest element in transportation expenditures at almost every income level. The increase in average outlay for auto mobile operation at succeeding income levels was far more rapid than the increase in the total money expenditures for current living. Thus, the proportion of each dollar spent that was devoted to automobile operation mounted from less than 1 percent for Atlanta white families with incomes of $500 to $750, for example, to over 5 percent for those with incomes of $2,000 and over. Above that level the relative increase was quite small. Much of the rapid growth in average expenditures for automobile operation at successive income levels was accounted for by the increas ing proportion of families owning and operating automobiles. In Atlanta, only 1 in 6 of the white families with incomes of $500 to $750 owned automobiles, whereas approximately 3 in every 4 of those at the $2,000 to $2,250 level, and more than 9 in every 10 of those with in comes of $5,000 and over reported automobile ownership. (See Tabular Summary, table 8.) In Mobile-Columbia the proportion of 1 See glossary, appendix B . 3 See T abular Sum m ary, table 8. 64 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES T able 25. —Average money expenditures for transportation, percentage of families reporting automobile operation, and average expenditures for automobile operation per family reporting expenditure A T L A N T A : W H IT E F A M IL IE S Fam ilies reporting car operation 1 Average expense for transportation T otal A u to obile Percentage mpur A m ount mof total oney ex chase penditures 2 Incom e class $500-$749_____________________ $750-$999_____________________ $1,000-$1,249__________________ $1,250-$1,499__________________ $1,500-$1,749__________________ $1,750-$1,999__________________ $2,000-$2,249__________________ $2,250-$2,499__________________ $2,500-$2,999__________________ $3,000-$3,499__________________ $3,500-$3,999__________________ $4,000-$4,999__________________ $5,000-$7,499__________________ $7,500 and over_______________ $16 45 105 116 145 192 228 257 250 306 385 421 622 583 M ID D L E -S IZ E D $250-$499_____________________ $500-$749_____________________ $750-$999_____________________ $1,000-$1,249__________________ $1,250-$1,499__________________ $1,500-$1,749__________________ $1,750-$1,999_ ______________ $2(000-$2,249__________________ $2,250-$2,499__________________ $2,500-$2,999__________________ $3,000-$3,499__________________ $8,500-$3,999__________________ $4,000-$4,999__________________ $5,000 and over _ _________ 2.4 4.6 8.9 8.4 9.1 10.4 11.4 11.6 10.5 10.9 12.2 11.8 13.3 8.4 C IT IE S : W H IT E $15 14 53 69 96 115 179 200 204 274 322 342 435 521 2.7 2.0 6.0 6.2 7.4 7.5 10.1 10.2 10.0 11.6 12.2 11.6 12.4 10.5 A TLA N TA : NEGRO $4 9 27 53 90 116 142 187 202 174 134 266 524 625 U nder $250___________________ $250-$499 - _ _________ $500-$749_____________________ $750-$999_____________________ $1,000-$1,249__________________ $1,250-$1,499__________________ $1,500-$1,749__________________ $1,750-$1,999 _________________ $2,000-$2,249__________________ $2,250-$2,499__________________ $2,500-$2,999__________________ $3,000-$3,499__________________ $3,500-$3,999__________________ $4,000 and over_______________ M ID D L E -S IZ E D U nder $250 _______ _ _ _ _ _ _ $250-$499_____________________ $500-$749_____________________ $750-$999_____________________ $1,000-$1,249__________________ $1,250-$1,499__________________ $1,500-$1,749__________________ $1,750-$1,999__________________ $2,000-$2,249 $2,250-$2,499__________________ $2,500 and o v e r . . ___________ (*) $2 18 23 59 127 185 88 130 277 78 $4 7 38 35 52 70 85 111 74 117 161 178 289 117 1.4 2.1 4.3 6.5 8.9 9.6 9.8 11.6 11.7 9.6 7.3 11.2 19.1 17.4 $2 3 21 10 23 32 66 86 77 119 151 154 211 264 0.7 3.1 3.0 5.9 10.0 13.0 5.4 8. 3 14.8 3.8 Other A verage Percent opera tion ex age pense $10 21 21 33 31 37 31 31 39 34 40 47 29 89 16 31 49 47 59 64 78 75 87 78 88 87 92 92 $12 55 94 102 105 133 144 153 157 199 209 225 330 410 $9 4 7 14 14 15 15 22 21 25 24 20 33 22 12 12 39 47 63 61 74 73 79 81 87 97 93 96 $33 58 64 96 94 111 132 126 134 160 169 173 205 245 $4 8 20 34 43 51 38 50 33 53 31 68 42 41 $2 17 46 48 62 85 112 115 137 155 184 196 304 377 4 9 17 34 32 66 45 55 45 63 62 80 90 $25 44 71 82 109 123 98 142 169 132 85 . 298 274 $1 6 11 17 21 13 14 24 9 20 2 12 14 27 34 81 43 78 87 64 $50 58 86 107 106 111 114 136 143 91 F A M IL IE S $4 7 25 45 59 68 98 92 106 130 147 168 191 235 F A M IL IE S $3 7 19 30 23 93 91 45 20 145 244 337 C IT IE S : N E G R O (*) A uto m obile opera tion (*) $5 (*) 13 70 82 25 144 $1 4 12 28 35 81 44 78 76 83 53 238 247 F A M IL IE S $1 7 12 29 36 90 49 106 124 58 (*) 1 A n y fam ily w hich reported expense for autom obile operation w as tabulated as an operating fam ily. See glossary, appendix B . 1 See glossary, appendix B , for th e definition of expenditures used in this stu d y. ♦Less tha n $1. TRANSPORTATION 65 car owners was almost 8 times as large among the white families in the income classes above $3,500 as in the $250 to $500 group. Among white families, moreover, at least half in all income classes over $1,500 in Atlanta, and over $1,250 in Mobile-Columbia, were automobile owners. At no income level did fewer than one-ninth of the white families own automobiles. Among Negro families automobile ownership was generally some what less prevalent than among whites at the same income level, but in both racial groups owners generally outnumbered nonowners among families with incomes of $1,500 and over. Among Atlanta Negro families with incomes of $4,000 and over, 9 out of every 10 reported automobile ownership. A considerable portion of the increase in expenditures for automo bile operation, particularly at the upper income levels, was due to the higher operation costs reported by operating families. The aver age automobile operation expenditures of operating families increased steadily at succeeding income levels, from less than $100 among both white and Negro families in Atlanta with incomes under $1,250, to more than $200 at the levels above $3,500 and more than $400 among white families with incomes of $7,500 and over. Similar increases occurred in Mobile-Columbia, although they were less marked in the case of the Negro families. Families at the higher income levels doubtless used their cars more extensively, for week-end and vacation trips, than did the lower in come families. The greater costs of operating more expensive auto mobiles, and increased expenses for garage, parking, and the like, were also factors making for increased expenditures for automobile operation in the higher income groups. Other transportation.—In contrast to expenditures for automobile purchase and operation, average expenditures for other transporta tion increased slowly over the income range both in Atlanta and in Columbia-Mobile. While average outlay for other transportation was greater at the lowest income levels than were expenditures for automobile purchase and operation combined, it constituted less than 10 percent of total transportation expense among Atlanta white families with incomes of $5,000 and over. Such expenditures, con sisting chiefly of local bus and trolley fares, showed no consistent increase in average amount above the $1,500 level in Atlanta and the $2,000 level in Columbia-Mobile. Intercity differences in transportation expenditures.— Expenditures for transportation were generally higher in Atlanta than in Columbia and Mobile, among both white and Negro families. Because of the wide variation from one income class to another in the average amounts spent for this category, particularly among the Negroes, the size of intercity differences also varied considerably. On the whole, 66 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES families in Atlanta allocated to transportation a slightly higher pro portion of their total money expenditures than did families in the smaller cities. In the lower part of the income range this difference appeared most consistently in transportation other than by automobile. For this category Atlanta families spent substantially more than did families in Columbia-Mobile at virtually all income levels. This relationship between city size and expenditures for transportation other than auto mobile is apparently related to distances between home and work, and home and stores within the metropolitan area. It has been found characteristic in all the regions covered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the Study of Consumer Purchases.3 Differences between Atlanta and the middle-sized cities in expendi tures for automobile operation were not well-marked, either in terms of averages based on all families, or in terms of those based on fam ilies operating cars. Among white families, average outlay on either basis tended to be higher in Atlanta than in Columbia-Mobile in income groups above $2,000. R acial differences in transportation expenditures .—On the whole, white families reported larger outlays for transportation than did Negroes at the same income level. Thus, transportation, along with food and home maintenance, represents a category of consumption for which white families in the Southeast spend more than Negroes. The greater expenditures by white families is explained by differ ences between the racial groups in frequency of automobile ownership, and hence in expenditures for operation of cars. In Atlanta, average automobile operation expenses were greater for white than for Negro families at virtually all income levels for which comparisons are possible, while in the smaller cities the former ranked ahead of the latter in the income range between $250 and $2,000. Among operating families, however, expenses for car operation tended to be a little higher among the Negroes than among white families, which suggests that the former may have driven older cars, less economical to operate, or that they may have used their cars more extensively. Although Negro families as a whole spent less for automobile pur chase and operation than did white families, they spent more for transportation other than by automobile. The difference was par ticularly marked in Atlanta where such outlay was relatively large. In consequence, Negro families in that city spent more for other transportation than for automobile operation at all income levels up to $1,500, while this was true of white families only up to the $1,000 level. 3 In the Southeast this difference rested partly on the fact that local streetcar and bus fares were som ew hat lower in the m iddle-sized cities than in A tlanta. TRANSPORTATION 67 Expenditures for transportation among occupational and family type groups.—Occupational differences in transportation expenditures were small in the Southeastern cities studied. (See table 26.) Among white families in neither city unit were there consistent differences in total outlay for transportation or in the level of spending for auto mobile purchase and operation, although in Atlanta, car ownership tended to be least frequent among clerical and salaried professional families at given income levels.4 This difference was accounted for by the higher average outlays for transportation other than automobile by these two occupational groups.5 Among car-operating families, how ever, those in clerical and salaried professional occupations in Atlanta tended to report relatively large expenditures for automobile opera tion. (See table 27.) T able 26 .-—Aoerage money expenditures for transportation, by occupational group W H IT E F A M IL IE S M iddle-sized cities A tlanta Incom e class $500-$749___________ $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250t$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-11,999_______ $2,000-$2,249_______ $2,250-$2,499_______ $2,500-$2,999_______ $3,000-$3,499_______ $3,500-$3,999_______ $4,000-$4,999_______ $5,000-$7,499_______ Salaried Inde Inde Salaried pendent W age Cleri pendent W age Cleri business business earner cal and pro B usi Profes earner cal and pro B usi Profes fessional ness sional fessional ness sional $16 48 98 135 147 158 219 265 228 0) 0) 0) (0 0) $38 115 98 156 230 212 236 253 0) 0) 0) (0 0) 0) (0 $82 97 178 310 301 250 266 404 406 564 NEGRO U nder $250_________ $250-$499___________ $500-$749___________ $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249_______ $4 8 26 53 85 112 0) 0) 0) 0) $14 25 33 140 148 144 314 150 0) $11 34 83 72 122 139 77 102 0) 0) 0) $84 106 192 286 282 261 298 353 443 683 0) 0) (0 $92 196 144 191 218 271 382 454 351 505 $15 52 63 93 113 134 223 167 0) 0) 0) 0) h $13 56 87 94 92 206 192 251 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) 0) (2) $66 125 134 181 253 166 302 337 296 369 0) (0 $61 92 169 196 162 193 264 318 362 461 (*> F A M IL IE S 3 0) $11 37 51 158 141 144 169 339 C) $1 17 20 43 48 0) 0) 0) $6 29 43 116 360 (2) (*) (2) 1 Expenditure schedules n ot taken for fam ilies at this incom e level. 2 C om parable data not available. 3 In A tlanta all Negro fam ilies in salaried business and professional occupations were classified together; in the m iddle-sized cities all Negro fam ilies other than wage earner were classified together. *Less than $1. Among Negro families in both Atlanta and the smaller communi ties automobile ownership and operation expenditures each showed < See T abular Sum m ary, table 8. 8 See T abular Sum m ary, table 2. T h e occupational difference in expenditures for transportation other than b y autom obile rem ain significant w hen the effect of the varying fam ily typ e com position of the occu pational groups is elim inated. (See appendix D .) FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 68 some relation to family occupation. Business and professional fam ilies in Atlanta ranked above wage-earner and clerical families, while in the middle-sized cities those in the white-collar group ranked above wage-earner families. T able 21.—Average money expenditures for automobile operation per family reporting expenditure, by occupational group W H IT E F A M IL IE S A tlanta Incom e class $500-$749___________ $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249_______ $2,250-$2,499_______ $2,500-$2,999_______ $3,000-$3,499_______ $3,500-$3,999_______ $4,000-$4,999_______ $5,000-$7,499_______ M iddle-sized cities Salaried Inde Inde Salaried W age Cleri pendent, W age Cleri pendent business earner cal and pro B usi Profes earner cal business B u si Profes and pro fessional ness sional fessional ness sional $19 67 100 102 108 122 120 172 164 0) 0) (9 0) (9 $34 83 105 103 144 159 142 183 (9 (9 (9 <9 (9 (9 (9 $80 80 121 174 146 163 227 234 240 260 (9 (9 (9 NEGRO $250-$499___________ $500-$749___________ $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249_______ $10 38 71 83 97 (9 (9 (9 $43 125 108 116 161 82 120 $33 55 89 71 142 129 56 168 $92 100 137 146 153 165 163 200 222 396 (9 (9 (9 $128 131 138 142 129 189 234 222 226 263 $67 60 87 92 117 116 107 123 (9 (9 (9 (9 (9 $29 74 123 76 94 143 124 122 (9 (9 (9 (9 (9 (9 (9 (9 $92 100 116 124 135 138 201 193 170 219 (:9 (:9 $84 92 123 136 152 160 143 162 175 200 (9 F A M IL IE S 3 $33 57 29 88 166 96 132 154 $20 58 75 91 100 (9 (9 (9 $50 83 83 127 110 (9 (9 (9 1 E xpenditure schedules not taken for fam ilies at this incom e level. 2 C om parable data not available. 3 In A tlanta, N egro fam ilies in salaried business and professional occupations were classified together; in th e m iddle-sized cities all fam ilies other than w age earner w ere classified together. Family composition apparently had as little influence on the level of spending for transportation as did occupational classification. (See table 28.) Among white families the proportion of car owners showed no consistent variation from one family type to another, but among Negroes the small families reported a higher percentage of car ownership and their average expenditures for car operation were higher than those of larger families. Among operating families average expenditures for operation were not consistently different for the several groups, although there was a slight tendency, except among Atlanta white families, for the larger families to spend less than the small. (See table 29.) Other transportation expenses were in general highest among the families with at least three members 16 or over (types IV and V) for both whites and Negroes in the two city units.6 6 T h is fam ily typ e difference w as particularly clear am ong A tlanta w h ite fam ilies w here fam ily typ e com parisons were m ade w ith occupation held constant. TRANSPORTATION 69 Summary Chiefly because of the outstanding importance of automobiles in present-day American living patterns, transportation now ranks among the large categories of consumption. Average expenditures of families studied in the Southeast increased rapidly at successive income levels, particularly in the lower part of the income range, and accounted for an increasing proportion of total money expenditures for current living. T a b l e 2 8 .— Average money expenditures for transportation , by fam ily type A T L A N T A : W H IT E F A M IL IE S F am ily typ e 1 Incom e class H and III I $44 140 85 161 245 227 $750-$999_________________ $1,000-$1,249_____________ $1,250-$1,499_____________ $1,500-$1,749_____________ $1,750-$1,999_____________ $2,000-$2,249_____________ IV and V $47 98 133 150 176 217 $42 72 117 127 163 237 M ID D L E -S IZ E D $14 62 88 103 138 181 $500-$749 ____ _ $750-$999 _____ $1,000-$!, 249_____________ $1,250-$1,499_____________ $1,500-$1,749_____________ $1,750-$1,999_____________ $5 57 65 96 119 211 M ID D L E -S IZ E D $250-$499_________ ____ $500-$749 _ $750-$999_________________ F am ily type 1 $1 25 28 Incom e class $4 16 18 $2,250-$2,499_____________ $2,500-$2,999_____________ $3,000-$3,499_____________ $3,500-$3,999_____________ $4,000-$4,999_____________ $5,000-$7,499_____________ C IT IE S : W H IT E $25 41 57 95 97 148 Incom e class $250-$499______________________________________ $500-$749______________________________________ $750-$999______________________________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________________________ $1,250-$1,499____________ , _____________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________________________ $211 228 389 419 538 612 $290 241 259 381 423 569 $263 270 288 369 368 647 $216 214 251 309 320 423 $203 180 279 400 414 324 $187 215 281 266 301 488 $87 277 110 $56 136 201 $38 83 92 F A M IL IE S $1,000-$1,249______ $1,250-$l,499_____ $l,500-$2,249_____________ A TLA N TA : NEGRO H a n d IV and III V F A M IL IE S $2,000-$2,249_ _ $2,250-$2,499 _ $2,500-$2,999_____________ $3,000-$3,499_____________ $3,500-$3,999_____________ $4,000-$4,999_____________ C IT IE S : N E G R O $2 11 22 I F A M IL IE S F am ily type 1 I $10 32 58 112 143 185 II $5 26 67 73 102 202 III $10 27 37 58 69 241 IV $8 23 60 69 101 187 V $4 26 32 126 107 92 VI $11 22 28 155 199 (t) V II $13 12 55 41 75 239 i T h e 7 fam ily types are distinguished on the basis of the num ber and age of m em bers other than husband and wife, as follows: I N o other persons (fam ilies of 2). II 1 child under 16 (fam ilies of 3). III 2 children under 16 (fam ilies of 4). IV 1 person 16 or over and 1 or no other person, regardless of age (fam ilies of 3 or 4). V 1 child under 16,1 person 16 or more, and 1 or 2 others, regardless of age (fam ilies of 5 or 6). V I 3 or 4 children under 16 (fam ilies of 5 or 6). V II 1 child under 16, and 4 or 5 others, regardless of age (fam ilies of 7 or 8). t Few er than 3 cases. FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 70 T able 2 9 . — Average money expenditures for automobile operation per fa m ily reporting expenditures , by fa m ily type A T L A N T A : W H IT E F A M IL IE S F a m ily typ e 1 Incom e class I $62 124 85 112 153 148 $750-$999__.............................. $1,000-$1,249_____________ $1,250-$1,499_____________ $1,500-$1,749_____________ $1,750-$1,999_____________ $2,000-$2,249_____________ II and IV and V III $39 91 106 106 125 127 M ID D L E -S IZ E D $60 67 98 90 120 149 $500-$749____ $750-$999___ $1,000-$1,249. $1,250-$1,499. $1,500-$1,749. $1,750-$1,999. M ID D L E -S IZ E D $20 60 113 $250-$499. $500-$749. $750-$999_ F am ily typ e 1 Incom e class $40 62 85 $100 60 108 96 110 155 $2,250-$2,499_____________ $2,500-$2,999_____________ $3,000-$3,499_____________ $3,500-$3,999_____________ $4,000-$4,999_____________ $5,000-$7,499_____________ C IT IE S : W H IT E $53 72 80 86 104 136 Incom e class $250-$499 ________ _____________ ___________ $500-$749______________ _____________________ $750-$999 _______ ______________ ______ __ $1,000-$1,249___________________________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________________________ $143 168 223 233 223 285 $150 184 191 194 262 316 $163 172 184 208 207 351 $157 138 144 195 167 204 $133 148 166 153 173 179 $109 123 160 167 176 216 $125 121 115 $100 93 166 $83 100 84 V VI F A M IL IE S $1,000-$1,249_____________ $1,250-$1,499_____________ $l,500-$2,249_____________ A TLA N TA : NEGRO II and IV and III V F A M IL IE S $2,000-$2,249_____________ $2,250-$2,499_____________ $2,500-$2,499_____________ $3,000-$3,499_____________ $3,500-$3,999_____________ $4,000-$4,999_____________ C IT IE S : N E G R O $55 50 I F A M IL IE S F am ily typ e 1 I $11 38 72 98 98 111 II $20 50 80 100 107 158 III $100 39 74 70 167 IV $54 67 44 135 122 $25 93 156 71 $60 100 27 84 95 (t) V II $77 83 75 112 1 T he 7 fam ily typ es are distinguished on the basis of the num ber and age of m em bers other than husband and wife, as follows: I N o other persons (fam ilies of 2). II 1 child under 16 (fam ilies of 3). III 2 children under 16 (fam ilies of 4). IV 1 person 16 or over and 1 or no other person, regardless of age (fam ilies of 3 or 4). V 1 child under 16,1 person 16 or m ore, and 1 or 2 others, regardless of age (fam ilies of 5 or 6). V I 3 or 4 children under 16 (fam ilies of 5 or 6). V II 1 child under 16, and 4 or 6 others, regardless of age (fam ilies of 7 or 8). t F ew er than 3 cases. The proportion of car-owning families was higher among white families in the middle-sized cities than in Atlanta; among the Negroes, however, city size appeared to be unrelated to frequency of car owner ship. In general, a larger proportion of white than of Negro families reported ownership. Automobile operation expenditures, for the most part, bore the same relationship as car ownership to city size and race. Other transportation expenses were rather uniformly high in Atlanta TRANSPORTATION 71 as compared with the middle-sized cities, and also among Negro families as compared with whites. Neither a family’s composition nor its occupational classification bore a consistent relationship to frequency of car ownership or the expenditures for automobile operation. Average outlays for other transportation tended to run higher for the large than the small families, but had no direct relationship to the occupational group in which a family was classified. 1 2 5 0 1 8 ° -40- -6 Chapter V II M inor Categories of Expenditure When families have taken care of their food, shelter, clothing, and transportation requirements, there still remain goods and services such as medical care, recreation, reading, education, tobacco, and other miscellaneous items to be provided. In the lower income groups, among families studied in the Southeast, the pressure of the major expenditures was so great that only about 10 to 15 cents out of every dollar spent was available for these goods and services. (See table 30.) In the upper income groups, on the other hand, about 25 cents out of every dollar was devoted to these categories. It should be noted that there is no clear division on the basis of the urgency or elasticity of demand between the major categories of expenditure discussed in previous chapters and the minor categories to be considered in this chapter. At all income levels, but notably in the upper part of the income range, the food budgets of most fami lies included, in addition to a subsistence or even a nutritionally ade quate diet, expenditures for entertaining and for candy, liquor, and the like. At the higher income levels there is an element of conspicuous consumption also in expenditures for home maintenance and for clothing and personal care. Although some expenditures for transportation are an essential part of most family budgets, an automobile is rarely indispensable, particularly in a city with ade quate transportation facilities. Expenditures for medical care, on the other hand, although in the group of minor expenditures, are in only small measure a matter of free consumer choice. Even at the low income levels, families are frequently called on to make very substantial expenditures for medi cal care. Moreover, emergency expenditures of this type often necessitate subsequent reductions in the so-called major expenditures of the family affected. Contributions to community welfare and to religious organizations also represent expenditures which low income families may feel obliged to incur. The taxes (poll, income, and personal-property taxes) included in this section are, however, largely borne by families with incomes over $2,500. 72 MINOR CATEGORIES OF EXPENDITURE T able 73 30 .—Average money expenditures for the minor categories A T L A N T A : W H IT E F A M IL IE S Total Income class $500-$749____________ $750-$999____________ $1,000-$1,249_________ $1,250-$1,499_________ $1,500-$1,749_________ $1,750-$1,999_________ $2,000-$2,249_________ $2,250-$2,499_________ $2,600-$2,999_________ $3,000-$3,499_________ $3,500-$3,999_________ $4,000-$4,999_________ $5,000-$7,499_________ $7,500 and over______ Contri Percent Medi Recre To Read Educa butions Other cal and age of to care ation bacco ing tion personal Amount tal money taxes 2 expendi tures 1 $60 127 139 198 242 282 327 378 442 500 592 706 1,088 2,245 9.1 13.0 11.9 14.3 15.4 15.4 16.3 17.0 18.4 18.0 18.7 19.8 23.3 32.5 M ID D L E -S IZ E D $250-$499____________ $500-$749 ___________ $750-$999____________ $1,000-$1,249_________ $1,250-$1,499_________ $1,500-$1,749_________ $1,750-$1,999_________ $2.000-$2,249_________ $2,250-$2,499_________ $2,500-$2,999_________ $3,000-$3,499_________ $3,500-$3,999_________ $4,000-$4,999_________ $5,000 and over______ $57 85 123 162 189 232 277 324 374 406 473 600 733 1, 229 10.1 12.6 13.7 14.4 14.4 15.3 15.7 16.5 18.2 17.0 17.9 20.2 20.9 24.8 $12 40 35 64 77 89 105 123 163 135 168 202 340 758 $16 23 26 32 47 47 52 64 67 92 116 126 187 269 C IT IE S : W H IT E $25 35 43 55 66 75 90 94 109 91 114 153 147 205 $7 11 24 27 33 43 49 57 66 75 100 102 143 242 A TLA N TA : NEGRO Under $250-__ $250-$499____________ $500-$749____________ $750-$999____________ $1,000-$1,249_________ $1,250-$1,499_________ $1,500-$1,749_________ $1,750-$1,999_________ $2,000-$2,249_________ $2,250-$2,499_________ $2,500-$2,999_________ $3,000-$3,499_________ $3,500-$3,999_________ $4,000 and over______ $31 52 92 134 168 215 255 274 300 359 394 434 612 823 11. 1 12.3 14.6 16.5 16.4 17.9 17. 7 17.0 17.5 19.8 21.2 18.4 22. 5 22.9 M ID D L E -S IZ E D Under $250______ ___ $250-$499____________ $500-$749____________ $750-$999____________ $1,000-$!,249_________ $1,250-$1,499_________ $1,500-$1,749_________ $1,750-$!,999_________ $2,000- $2,249_________ $2,250-$2,499_________ $2,500 and over______ $16 47 94 146 187 277 277 280 369 404 400 7.6 12.5 16.2 18.6 18.7 21.8 19.6 17.3 23.8 21. 5 19.5 $19 19 36 50 56 70 88 94 76 82 118 105 266 105 $8 11 12 13 15 18 18 20 22 27 30 35 39 53 $1 2 2 4 6 9 17 9 17 27 19 36 59 92 $9 22 28 44 44 69 74 95 117 153 190 225 362 878 $2 4 9 5 9 9 13 18 12 11 16 21 29 106 $6 7 9 11 13 13 16 18 18 22 26 29 30 36 $2 2 4 9 7 12 12 23 20 40 20 31 49 76 $5 9 17 25 38 50 60 86 105 130 141 226 287 586 $1 4 4 7 3 6 5 5 8 4 15 7 10 24 $2 5 8 10 12 13 19 21 19 21 28 42 37 45 (*) $1 2 4 5 11 13 30 32 47 59 19 195 $2 9 17 31 42 60 52 63 91 102 116 125 76 279 $1 3 3 4 1 4 34 14 8 7 4 12 112 4 $1 2 2 7 7 35 27 55 46 31 $2 8 18 37 48 52 105 55 152 150 125 F A M IL IE S $12 17 22 28 29 33 45 41 48 44 57 52 67 60 F A M IL IE S $3 5 11 16 25 32 29 39 54 69 45 85 59 169 C IT IE S : N E G R O $8 22 40 52 66 93 86 88 91 98 162 $12 25 27 36 44 41 48 49 44 55 53 61 72 89 $1 2 11 15 26 36 26 43 42 50 36 $4 10 15 19 27 25 20 13 20 31 24 46 62 26 F A M IL IE S $3 9 17 17 27 27 21 22 20 43 48 $1 4 5 8 11 13 11 16 17 19 22 (*) (*) $1 10 2 21 1 1 1 13 7 1 See glossary, appendix B, for the definition of expenditures used in this study. 2 Excludes sales taxes, which were included in the expense for the items to which they applied; automo bile taxes, which were included in automobile operation expense; taxes on owned homes, included in housing expense; and taxes on other re&l property, which were deducted from the gross income from such property. ♦ Less than $1. 74 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES The total amount devoted to these so-called minor categories of expenditure thus depended largely upon personal tastes and the individual family situation during the year for which expenditures were reported. It is quite normal for families to differ from the community pattern with respect to amounts spent on any of these groups of items. For that reason, average expenditures for them are less representative of the individual family in any given year than are the amounts spent on a more stable and recurrent category such as food or housing. Particularly with reference to the data for families of a given type or occupational group, it must be borne in mind that, more often than not, the averages reflect the presence of some families that reported no expenditure during the year for the specific category, and of others that reported substantial outlays. Medical care.—The average amounts spent for medical care, like those for all categories previously discussed, increased with consider able regularity over the income scale. Except among Atlanta white families, however, they showed no consistent tendency to absorb either an increasing or a decreasing proportion of total expenditures at succeeding income levels. White families in Atlanta, at the in come levels below $2,000, devoted less than 5 percent of the total to medical care, and at all but one of the succeeding levels, more than 5 percent.1 Although data from other sources indicate that families at the lower income levels tend to have more illness than families at the upper levels,2 medical-care expenses of white families did not average more than $50 per year until the $1,250 level was reached in Atlanta, and the $1,000 level in the middle-sized cities (see table 30). Aver age outlays amounted to more than $50 among Negro families with incomes of $750 and over, that is, at their median income interval or higher. In the present study it seemed impracticable to ask families for estimates of the value of the free medical care received, and such services cannot, therefore, be related to money outlay for medical care. There can be little doubt, however, that the small expendi tures at the lower income levels do not represent the full value of medical attention received. Certainly many families made use of clinics that provided care without charge or at merely nominal fees. Up to the $1,500 income level, white families in Atlanta made some what smaller average outlays for medical care than did white families in the middle-sized city unit, whereas, above the $2,000 level, the former spent more than the latter. Among the Negroes, however, at 1 See Tabular Summary, table 2. 2 See, for example, the National Health Survey, Sickness and Medical Care Series, Preliminary Bulletin No. 2: Illness and Medical Care in Relation to Economic Status, U, S, Public Health Service, Washing ton, 1938, MINOR CATEGORIES OF EXPENDITURE 75 all but two comparable income levels from $250 to $2,500, families in Atlanta had the smaller expenditures. This suggests that the low income families were afforded more public health and clinic services in Atlanta than in the smaller cities. Since the distribution of the medical care expenditures of white families was similar in the two city units, the figures for Atlanta may be taken as illustrative (see table 31). Expenditures for the general physician were most important at almost all income levels up to $7,500; they increased steadily in amount, but accounted for about one-third of the medical bill at most income levels. Medicine and drugs took the next largest share of medical expenses, up to the $3,500 income level, but declined rapidly in relation to total expendi tures for medical care at successive income levels. By contrast, dentists took an irregularly increasing share of the total—a share that exceeded that of medicine and drugs above the $3,500 level. Average expenditures for oculists were very low, never exceeding 2 percent of all medical care expenses. The outlays for eyeglasses declined as a proportion of the total with increases in income, but at most levels were at least three times as great as expenditures for oculists. This fact suggests frequent resort to examination offered as a free service by optical dealers with the purchase of glasses. Ex penditures for other specialists increased in relative size with increases in income, but were not usually substantial except at the highest levels. Likewise, expenditures for nursing, examination, and other unspecified services increased as a proportion of the total. As would be expected, hospital expenses varied irregularly, in accordance with family needs rather than income. Health and accident insurance took between 4 and 8 percent of total expenditures for medical care, with no tendency toward relative increase or decrease over the income range. Up to the $2,000 level in Atlanta and from the $500 to the $1,750 level in the middle-sized cities, Negro families spent more than white families for medical care. (See table 30.) At succeeding levels (except the $3,500 level in Atlanta), Negro families spent less. A comparison of the figures for white and Negro families in Atlanta indicates that the differences in average total medical care expendi tures were mainly attributable to the very high outlays of Negro families for health and accident insurance—outlays that averaged more than one-half of the total medical bill up to the $1,500 level in Atlanta, and the $1,000 level in the smaller cities. If expenditures for medical care, exclusive of insurance payments, are compared for the two racial groups, it is seen that white families generally had considerably higher expenditures than did Negroes. 76 T able FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 31. — Distribution of money expenditures of Atlanta families for medical care 1 W H IT E F A M IL IE S Percentage of money expenditures for medical care Income class Health Average Medi and total Other amount Physi Den Oculist special Hospi cine Eye acci Other3 taliza and glasses dent cian tist tion drugs ists insur ance 2 $500-$749 _______ $750-$999_________ $1,000-$1,249______ $1,250-$1,499______ $1,500-$1,749______ $1,750-$1,999______ $2,000-$2,249______ $2,250-$2,499______ $2,500-$2,999______ $3,000-$3,499______ $3,500-$3,999______ $4,000-14,999______ $5,000-$7,499______ $7,500 and over___ $12 40 35 64 77 89 105 123 163 135 163 202 340 758 25 39 32 36 36 34 36 32 35 36 20 28 33 17 10 14 13 16 11 15 15 13 14 16 16 28 23 9 NEGRO Under $250_______ $250-$499 _______ $500-$749 ______ $750-$999_________ $1,000-$1,249 ___ $1,250-$1,499 ___ $1,500-$1,749______ $1,750-$! ,999 ___ $2,000-$2,249 ___ $2,250-$2,499 ____ $2,500-$2,999______ $3,000-$3,499 ___ $3,500-$3,999______ $4,000 and over___ $19 19 36 50 56 70 88 94 76 82 118 105 266 105 34 15 15 15 14 13 30 37 25 36 32 20 39 7 (*) (*) 3 6 4 8 9 8 6 9 11 6 10 13 7 7 8 8 10 6 6 11 4 23 5 8 20 46 23 27 16 19 18 17 14 16 18 14 13 8 7 8 8 7 5 7 3 4 4 4 3 4 4 3 3 15 13 11 13 12 13 17 23 19 21 7 13 9 11 2 1 1 3 1 2 3 2 8 3 3 6 8 3 8 5 5 6 6 4 6 8 4 8 5 4 1 4 2 6 8 4 6 18 7 5 7 6 9 27 F A M IL IE S (*) 4 4 3 10 6 5 2 12 3 6 18 26 32 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 2 1 (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) 1 1 1 1 1 (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) 1 5 2 15 4 5 1 1 8 5 1 51 65 68 66 63 63 47 29 38 36 34 27 18 30 (*) 1 1 (*) 1 1 3 1 2 4 3 1 Summary of data published in Bull. 648, vol. V. 2 Excludes automobile-accident insurance. 3 Includes nursing care, examinations and tests, clinic visits, and medical appliances. * Less than 1 percent. A majority of the Negro families at almost every income level reported health or accident insurance policies, whereas at only a few comparable levels did as many as one-third of the white families report such policies. Among the former, health and accident insur ance payments averaged $25 or more at all income levels above $500 in Atlanta and, with one exception, above $750 in the middlesized cities, while among the whites in both city units they averaged less than $8 at all levels up to $2,500.3 These figures may reflect largely the common practice among Negroes of joining fraternal lodges which offer health as well as burial insurance. In other respects, also, the distribution of medical expenditures differed for the two racial groups. Average insurance payments by Negro families exceeded outlays for the physician at all but two income levels up to $3,500. As among the white families, expendi3 Based on tabulations published in Bull. 648, vol. V. MINOR CATEGORIES OF EXPENDITURE 77 tures by Negroes for dentists increased over the income scale, but they were in general relatively less important among the latter fami lies than among the former. Outlays for medicine and drugs were rather large for both racial groups, but they usually absorbed a smaller share of the total among Negro families than among whites. It is noteworthy that Negro families reported practically no expendi tures for oculists, other specialists, hospitalization, nursing, and similar services, except at the highest levels studied, although white families frequently made substantial outlays for such services. Fi nally, it is of interest that Negro families reported much smaller expenditures for eyeglasses than did white families. This difference is probably due, at least in part, to the fact that comparatively few Negroes follow occupations that impose a strain on the eyes. For neither the white families nor the Negroes were there welldefined or consistent differences among occupational or family type groups in the level of expenditures for medical care.4 While there was a slight tendency for white families in salaried professional occu pations in Atlanta to have relatively high medical care expenditures, in the middle-sized cities wage earners and salaried groups tended to rank above the others in average outlay for this category. Among family type groups, two-person families appeared to spend rather more than the others in Atlanta, but families with one or two chil dren under 16 ranked high in Columbia-Mobile. Data for the Negroes showed differences even less conclusive than those noted for white families. Recreation.—At most income levels expenditures for amusements and recreational equipment5 were next largest after medical care. Such expenditures tended to absorb a slowly increasing proportion of total money expenditures for current living at successive income levels.6 Atlanta white families with incomes under $1,000 spent an average of less than 50 cents per week for recreation, while those in the highest income class studied averaged $5 per week. A similar rise occurred in the middle-sized cities. Among Negro families expenditures for recreation also rose with income, but were less than $1 per week per family in all income groups under $2,000 in Atlanta, and in all groups studied in the middle-sized cities. 4 See Tabular Summary, table 2. Even when the effect of varying family type composition of the occu pational groups was eliminated, no significant differences were found among the occupational groups, nor were any found among families of different composition when occupation was held constant. (See appendix D ). 5 Includes admissions to motion pictures, theaters, concerts, spectator sports, lectures, and dances; games and sports; club dues; and recreational supplies and equipment. 6 See Tabular Summary, table 2. 78 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES Expenditures classified under this heading by no means represented the full amounts spent on leisure-time activities. Amounts spent for food and liquor used in entertaining guests have been considered food expenditures. Expenditures for owned and rented vacation homes as well as camping sites used while on vacation were con sidered under housing. The expense of cruises was allocated to food and transportation. Expenditures for automobile pleasure trips were included under automobile operation expense, and similarly, railroad and other fares for vacation trips were treated as transpor tation expense. Had such outlays been included under the category of recreation, it is probable that the increase in relation to total expenditures would have been much more marked. The distribution of recreation expenditures among the constituent items was similar for families of the two races in both city units.7 Admissions to motion pictures were generally the largest single item, constituting about one-third of the total at all but the highest levels. Expenditures for other admissions were relatively small, usually ab sorbing about 9 percent of the total among white families and slightly more among Negroes. Expenditures for active rather than passive forms of recreation, as represented by outlays for fees and equipment necessary for participation in games and sports, increased in relative importance from approximately 5 to 15 percent of the recreation bill among white families in Atlanta. Among the Negroes, however, expenditures for games and sports were relatively less important, particularly at the upper income levels, and did not increase to any marked degree over the income range. All other recreation expendi tures together constituted the largest share of the total.8 Among all groups the increase in the amount of these expenditures was in large part attributable to the growing outlays for club dues and entertain ing. Among white families, expenditures for toys and pets were also of considerable importance at the higher levels. Although the distribution of recreation expenditures did not differ significantly among the several groups of families studied, certain small though clear distinctions appeared in respect to the total. Among white families, those in the middle-sized cities generally had slightly higher recreation expenditures than did families in Atlanta. Among the Negroes, the reverse was generally true, perhaps because the recreational opportunities are relatively more limited for Negroes than for whites in smaller communities as compared with a large city such as Atlanta. The intercity differences found were so small, however, as to suggest that they may have been the result of chance factors. 7 See Tabular Summary, table 9. 8 This category includes expenditures for radios, musical and photographic equipment, toys, pets, enter taining, club dues, and the like. MINOR CATEGORIES OF EXPENDITURE 79 Racial differences were somewhat greater and were consistent in both city units, with white families generally reporting the higher expenditures. In general, of course, leisure-time expenditures are strongly influenced by personal tastes. There are significant differ ences, however, in the number and type of recreational activities available to white and Negro families. White families have more recreational facilities of the luxury type to choose from than Negro families, and thus have more opportunity for large expenditures for certain kinds of amusements. The occupational groups in which white families were classified bore no consistent relation to their expenditures for recreation. Among the Negro families in Atlanta, those in the wage-earner, and particularly the clerical, groups tended to spend more than business and professional families. In Columbia and Mobile, where only two occupational groups were distinguished, wage-earner families generally spent more for recreation than did families in the white-collar groups. Among white families in both city units and Negro families in the middle-sized cities, those with one or two children generally had higher expenditures than the two-person families or those containing at least three members over 16.9 Among Negro families in Atlanta, where families of seven family types were studied, those with only two members stood out as having the smallest outlays for recreation. There were no clear differences, however, among the families ranging from three to eight members in size.10 Tobacco.—Although the amounts spent for tobacco, as for recrea tion, depend primarily on tastes and habits, average tobacco expendi tures were relatively stable, in relation to total money expenditures, averaging between 1 and 3 percent of the total at almost all income levels, among families of both races in each city unit.11 There was a slight tendency for the share of the total taken by tobacco to decline at the higher levels. (See table 30.) The dollar expenditures for tobacco were similar in the two city units. Almost without exception, however, white families spent substantially more than Negro families. On the whole, this differ ence appears to rest as much on the quantity of tobacco used as on the prices paid. The average number of packages of cigarettes pur chased was generally greater among whites than among Negroes at the same income level, but there was a tendency for the Negroes to purchase more cigars than did the whites.12 There were no consistent occupational differences among white 8 The high rank of families with children was found to be characteristic of white families when the effect of the varying occupational composition of the type groups was eliminated. 10 See Tabular Summary, table 2. 11 See Tabular Summary, table 2. 12 Based on tabulations published in Bull. 648, vol. VII. FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 80 families in expenditures for tobacco, although the data for Atlanta suggest some tendency for salaried professional families to have relatively small outlays.13 Among Negroes, wage earners generally spent somewhat more than other families. Family type differences were likewise insignificant among the white families. Among the Negroes, the husband-and-wife families generally had the highest expenditures. In Atlanta, where seven family types were studied, the families containing only children under 16 in addition to the parents (types II, III, and VI) ranked at the opposite extreme. Reading.—Expenditures for reading were small among both white and Negro families. Average outlay by white families did not amount to as much as $2 monthly until the $3,000 income level was reached. Among Negro families it was below $2 per month among all income groups studied in Columbia-Mobile, and among all groups below $2,500 in Atlanta. These expenditures represented a relatively constant proportion of total money expenditures, about 1 percent at most income levels.14 Among virtually all groups newspapers accounted for the bulk of expenditures for reading.15 The average expenditures for reading among Negro families in Atlanta were about the same as those of white families at the income levels below $1,500, but were greater than those of white families at succeeding levels. These differences probably rest in large part on the fact that public libraries are not as readily available to Negroes as to whites in the cities studied.16 Furthermore, it is likely that many Negro families purchase both general newspapers and the special newspaper published in Atlanta for Negroes. In the middle-sized cities Negro families reported expenditures for reading that were appreciably higher than those of white families only at the highest comparable income level, $2,250 to $2,500. The relatively greater outlay for reading by Atlanta Negroes above the $1,500 level, in comparison with that of whites, is apparent only among business and professional families. Wage earners in the two racial groups had about the same average expenditures, while among clerical families the whites tended to spend more than the Negroes. Wage-earner families generally reported lower expenditures for reading than did other groups studied in the Southeast. Among the white families, the highest expenditures were reported by those in the salaried professional group in Atlanta and those in the inde pendent business and professional classification in the smaller cities.17 I3 The averages for families of each occupational group with family type held constant likewise fail to reveal significant differences in the level of spending for tobacco. (See appendix D.) 11 See Tabular Summary, table 2. 18 Based on tabulations published in Bull. 648, vol. VII. is In Atlanta, Negroes are excluded from the main public library and from all but one branch library. 17See Tabular Summary, table 2. Although dollar differences in expenditures were small, wage-earner families still rank low, at least among white families, when the effect of family type differences among the occupational groups is eliminated. (See appendix D .) 81 Family type differences in expenditures for reading were not con sistent enough to indicate that family composition had any significant effect on the level of outlay for this category.18 Education.—Direct outlays for formal education were generally even smaller than those for reading in the lower portion of the income scale but at higher levels the reverse was usually true. (See table 30.) Although education claimed an increasing proportion of total money expenditures as income increased, it never averaged as much as 2 per cent of this total among white families nor, with one exception, as much as 4 percent among Negro families.19 The increase in expendi tures for education as income increased was due in part to the greater frequency of families reporting this type of expenditures. In the lower income groups, fewer than half of the families reported ex penditures for education; in the upper income levels, more than half showed some expenditure for this category. In the lower part of the income scale most of the amounts expended went for books and sup plies used by children in the public schools, while at the highest income levels, tuition fees accounted for a large share of the expenditures for education.20 Expenditures for room or board at school were included in housing and food, respectively, and not in education. Since such expendi tures constituted an almost negligible proportion of either housing or food expenditures, it is probable that the educational facilities offered in these cities for whites and Negroes were utilized more frequently than were schools away from home. Both white and Negro families in the middle-sized cities tended to spend more for education than those in Atlanta. This difference is the more striking in view of the fact that, among white families at least, a larger proportion reported outlays for education in Atlanta than in the smaller cities. Among families that had expenditures for education, families in the middle-sized cities reported larger average amounts than Atlanta families at every income level except one. It may be that much of the difference, at least at the lower income levels, is to be explained in terms of free text books provided in Atlanta schools. Expenditures for parochial schools may also be a factor of some importance, at least in Mobile, where there is a sizable Catholic population. Racial differences in education expenditures were fairly consistent, with Negroes spending substantially more than white families at the same income level. Among the higher income groups, where the differences in average expenditures were greater, they are probably to be accounted for in considerable measure by the more common MINOR CATEGORIES OF EXPENDITURE 19 See Tabular Summary, table 2. 19 See Tabular Summary, table 2. Public expenditures for education are not, of course, included in these figures. 20 Based on tabulations published in Bull. 648, vol. VII. FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 82 tendency among Negro families to send their children to private educational institutions. Family composition was a major factor in determining expendi tures for education,21 but occupation bore no significant relationship to such expenditures. Two-person families, as would be expected, reported virtually no outlay for this category. Among Negro fami lies in Atlanta, those with seven or eight members usually had the highest expenditures. Among white families, and among Negroes in the middle-sized cities, families containing at least one member over 16, in addition to the husband and wife, reported average outlays that were almost uniformly greater than those of families with one or two children under 16. This probably reflects the larger outlays for education necessary as children reach high school and college age. Contributions and personal taxes.—Expenditures for contributions to individuals and institutions and personal taxes were among the most elastic categories of expenditure. Average outlay for this group of items increased much more rapidly than did total money expenditures for current living.22 Among white families in Atlanta, for example, they amounted to only $9, or little over 1 percent of the total at the $500 level; at the median income interval they averaged $69, or almost 4 percent of the total, and at the highest level, $878, close to 13 percent of all money expenditures. (See table 30.) Donations to the church and other religious institutions were generally larger than any other type of outlays at both the low and the high income levels. This was particularly true among Negro families and among white families in the middle-sized cities. Out lays for the support of relatives were usually next largest; among white families in Atlanta they averaged approximately as large as donations to the church. (See table 32.) Gifts to persons outside the economic family were generally third in importance, followed by tax payments 23 and contributions to the community chest and welfare agencies. When these expenditures are considered in combination, no clear intercity differences are apparent. Within each city unit, however, Negro families tended to spend more than white families, at least up to the $2,500 income level. This was in part attributable to their larger church donations. Occupational differences in average expenditures for contributions and personal taxes varied from one city unit to the other and from one racial group to the other, suggesting that particular family cir21 See Tabular Summary, table 2, and appendix D. 22 See Tabular Summary, table 2. 23 Taxes included in this category comprise only income, poll, and personal-property taxes. Sales taxes were included in the expense for the items to which they applied; automobile taxes were included in auto mobile operation expense; taxes on owned homes were included with housing expense; and taxes on other real property were deducted from the gross income from such property. 83 MINOR CATEGORIES OF EXPENDITURE cumstances influenced these outlays more than the occupation from which the family derived the major portion of its earnings. T a b l e 32. —Percentage distribution of money expenditures by Atlanta families for contributions and personal taxes 1 A T L A N T A : W H IT E F A M IL IE S Percentage of contributions and taxes Average total amount Income class $500-$749________ ____ ________ $750-1999_________________________ $1,000-$1,249______________________ $1,250-$1,499______________________ $1,500-$l,749______________________ $1,750-$1,999______________________ $2,000-12,249______________________ $2,250-$2,499______________________ $2,500-$2,999______________________ $3,000-$3,499______________________ $3,500-$3,999______________________ $4,000-$4,999______________________ $5,000-$7,499______________________ $7,500 and over, _ __________ - Reli gious Support Gifts to Com Personal All other institu- of rela persons 2 munity taxes 3 other welfare tutions tives 2 $9 22 28 44 44 69 74 95 117 153 190 225 362 878 38 19 25 29 35 30 25 30 32 34 29 32 22 22 A TLA N TA : NEGRO Under $250___ _____ ___ _ $250-$499_________________________ $500-$749_________________________ $750-$999_________________________ $1,000-$1,249______________________ $1,250-$1,499______________________ $1,500-$1,749______________________ $1,750-$1,999______________________ $2,000-$2,249______________________ $2,250-$2,499______________________ $2,500-$2,999______________________ $3,000-$3,499 _____________________ $3,500-$3,999 - ________ $4,000 and over. ______ ___ $2 9 17 31 42 60 52 63 91 102 116 125 76 279 43 45 45 36 39 33 54 42 36 28 40 27 39 22 40 30 32 20 30 35 29 32 27 33 25 35 18 11 17 21 19 22 23 21 23 19 20 21 25 18 24 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 5 4 6 7 6 8 7 46 18 20 14 16 11 12 10 10 8 9 9 16 27 1 9 10 10 13 12 26 31 26 22 33 20 26 23 2 2 1 2 2 6 5 4 5 4 12 5 10 56 14 11 8 6 8 6 10 8 14 5 8 17 12 1 2 2 3 2 3 3 3 5 1 3 1 2 F A M IL IE S 27 31 40 38 43 6 11 25 31 15 33 13 23 3 1 5 2 2 2 1 1 (*) 3 10 1 Summary of data published in Bull. 648, vol. VII. 2 Refers to persons outside the economic family. s Amounts reported for taxes under this heading do not include sales taxes, which were included in the expense for the items to which they applied; automobile taxes, which were included in automobile operation expense; taxes on owned homes, included in housing expense; and taxes on other real property, which were deducted from gross income from such property. * Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases. Among white families, these expenditures were inversely related to family size.24 Two-person families are naturally in a better position to assist persons outside the economic family than are larger families with the same income. Furthermore, at a given income level, income taxes of husband-and-wife families are generally highest, since they have only the minimum exemption. Families containing at least three members 16 or over (types IV and V) tended to have the smallest expenditures for this category. It should be noted, however, that there was generally less difference between the expenditures of families with one or two children under 16 and of those with at least three adults than between the expenditures of the former and of families containing only husband and wife. 2* See Tabular Summary, table 2, and appendix D. 84 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES Among the Negroes, the smallest families consistently reported the largest outlay for contributions and personal taxes. In Columbia and Mobile, however, there were no consistent differences in the ex penditures of families in the other type groups. In Atlanta, where seven family types were distinguished, the largest families (type VII) and those with five or six members, at least three of whom were over 16 (types IV and V), were at the opposite extreme from the two-person families. Summary Average expenditures for all the minor categories combined rose rapidly at successive income levels, absorbing a steadily increasing share of total expenditures. This rise reflected the more or less rapid increase in the proportion of the total taken by recreation, education, and contributions and personal taxes. Average expenditures for medical care, reading, and tobacco absorbed a relatively constant share of all expenditures. When all expenditures for the minor categories are considered together, intercity differences are negligible among either white or Negro families. This reflects the balancing out of differences in respect to the constituent groups of items. Negroes tended to spend more than whites at the same income level for education, contributions, and personal taxes. In the lower income groups they spent more than whites for medical care, and in the upper groups, more for reading. White families spent more than Negroes for recreation and tobacco. There were few clear occupational differences in expenditures for the groups of items discussed in this chapter. Only in respect to reading, which was relatively unimportant in amount, was there a consistent occupational difference, wage-earner families ranking low among whites and Negroes in both city units. It is not surprising, therefore, to find no clear occupational patterning of expenditures for the minor categories as a group. Family type differences in expenditures for the minor categories were somewhat clearer. Average expenditures for formal education were of course directly related to family composition. Outlays for contributions and personal taxes were in general inversely related to family size. When the average expenditures for all the minor cate gories are combined, however, the differences balance out and no clear pattern appears. Chapter VIII Surplus and Deficit Items A summary of the relationship between income and expenditures of the families studied in the Southeast was presented in chapter II. It was found that at succeeding income levels an increasing proportion of families ended the year 1935-36 with a surplus and a decreasing proportion reported a negative balance between income and outgo. Consequently, there was a shift from large average net deficits for families as a group at the lower income levels to substantial net sur pluses for families at the higher levels. The nature of changes in assets and liabilities.—In the present chapter a more detailed analysis of surplus and deficit will be made for Atlanta families in order to show the relative importance at different income levels of negative and positive changes in family assets and liabilities, and the role played in these changes by the various constituent items.1 It should be pointed out, however, that no attempt was made in the present study to determine the total assets of the families interviewed, or the sum of their liabilities. They were asked to report only as to increases or decreases that had taken place during the 12-month period covered by the schedule. Thus, all along the income range, both sur plus and deficit items were likely to be reported by the same family, since there is a wide variety of transactions that involve changing either the form of resources and commitments, or the family’s net assets. The more common surplus items throughout the income scale were insurance premiums paid, investments, and increases in savings. The payment of an insurance premium, however, might involve a with drawal of savings accumulated in previous years, or borrowing the money to avoid lapse of policy. Similarly, investments in securities or other business enterprise might represent merely a change in the form of an asset—from savings accounts to bonds or real estate, for example—or they might represent savings from the year’s income. On the liability side there was equal possibility for change both in the form and amount of obligations. Old bills were paid off and new ones incurred. Many home-owning families paid something on the principal of the mortgage, but some families increased their mortgage i In the following discussion, based on a summary of detailed data published in Bull. 648, vol. VIII, two types of surplus items and two types of deficit items are distinguished. Surplus items represent transactions that increase assets or decrease liabilities, while deficit items represent transactions that decrease assets or increase liabilities. 85 86 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES debts. As previously indicated, the net result of such changes was rarely an exact balance; most families had either a surplus or a deficit for the year. Im portant surplus item s .—The change from average net deficit to average net surplus among all the families at successive income levels, was chiefly the result of the growing amounts of those items which went to increase assets, chiefly insurance premiums, bank accounts, and various forms of investment. Throughout the income range, among both white and Negro families, increases in assets made greater contributions to surplus than did decreases in liabilities. (See table 33.) T able 33. — S u rp lu s item s: A verage am ou n t of change in 1 year , 1 98 5-36 A T L A N T A : W H IT E FAM ILIES Income class All surplus items i_____ (2) Increases in assets. __ "w" Bank accounts.. (2) Investm ents___ (2) Insurance______ (2) Other__________ (2) Decreases in liabili ties................... ......... (2> Mortgage pay ments . . . _ (2) Loans due. . _ (2) Balances due___ (2> Other__________ (2> 432 303 93 74 129 7 697 598 137 243 191 27 (2) 29 18 25 31 40 54 72 96 129 99 105 204 231 351 (2) 20 4 7 14 19 26 42 50 54 1 6 5 7 10 (2) ~~9 11 12 11 14 8 11 36 18 56 20 18 (2) 2 (*) 1 « (*) 1 (*) 1 (2) (*) 70 84 5 (*) 24 21 155 7 40 2 153 22 53 3 208 122 20 1 80 62 11 3 45 3 85 60 8 3 46 3 129 98 17 25 54 2 233 179 29 48 95 7 291 219 59 66 87 7 394 298 96 85 113 4 i 5 S 8 £ $7,500 a n d over 212 172 24 73 67 8 (2) 64 35 (2) 1 (2) 34 (2) (2) --- 1 ! 1 $5,000-17,499 os 8 cf I so of o lO < s 2 M E U l ® £ a <N Si U $3,500-$3,999 Item O O O s S os s S i> os <N cf S' 2 <N of of m- O S .s | 845 1,010 1,474 4,312 740 806 1,243 3,961 252 279 344 1,673 221 239 392 1,109 251 271 459 1,075 16 17 48 104 A T L A N T A : NEG R O F AM ILIES All surplus items 1_____ 14 21 32 80 116 147 365 475 Increases in assets... 14 19 26 57 87 96 266 360 61 Bank accounts._ (•) 3 10 19 28 113 192 84 10 8 2 Investments 22 14 18 (*) 36 51 63 83 83 Insurance____ 1 1 1 9 3 9 1 Other________ Decreases in liabili ties 2 6 23 29 51 99 115 Mortgage pay ments ___ (*) 1 13 17 30 76 92 1 (*) 2 6 12 4 Loans _ ____ 1 3 8 10 14 11 18 Balances due___ 1 1 2 (*) 1 1 O th er_______ 461 373 98 140 135 C) 602 451 202 117 128 4 877 1,017 1,271 31,643 683 869 1,170 31,467 324 301 930 3 686 194 244 15 3 361 158 324 225 *405 3 15 7 88 151 194 148 101 3 176 57 96 78 8 16 38 23 38 78 1 116 32 161 3 136 (3) 3 40 (3) 1 A ll surplus items represent the sum of increases in assets and decreases in liabilities for families at the respective income levels. M any of these families also reported decreases in assets and increases in liabilities, as shown in table 35. The algebraic sum of total surplus and total deficit at a given income level is the aver age net surplus or deficit, as shown in table 5, chapter II, of this bulletin. 3 Expenditure schedules not taken for white families at this income level. 3 Includes all families with incomes of $4,000 and more. * Less than $1. 87 SURPLUS AND DEFICIT ITEMS Moreover, increases in assets rose rapidly with income, while de creases in liabilities showed no consistent upward trend over the income range. The following figures for white and Negro families at selected income intervals in Atlanta illustrate the relationship between the two categories, as a percentage of money income: White families Income class Under $250__________________________________ $500-$749_____________________________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________________________ $7,500 and over- _____ ___ ___ _ _______ _ _ Negro families Increase in assets Decrease in liabilities (0 (9 5 5 11 13 21 36 4 2 3 4 3 3 Increase in assets 0) 8 4 8 17 20 31 Decrease in liabilities (9 1 3 6 7 3 i Expenditure schedules not taken for families at this income level. In general, Negro families showed considerably larger increases in assets than did white families at comparable income levels. Never theless, the relationship between the factors making up the surpluses was closely similar for white and Negro families in both city units. Insurance premiums were of major importance in the accumulation of assets.2 Among white families, they generally exceeded increases in investments or bank accounts up to the $3,000 level, and among Negroes, to the $1,500 level. Moreover, they were almost always greater than the total for decreases in liabilities. The general importance of insurance premium payments is illus trated by the figures in table 34, showing such payments for Atlanta families as a percentage of both their money income and their total surplus for the year. Among white families, insurance payments amounted to 4 or 5 percent of money income up to the $3,000 level, and thereafter increased from 6 to 10 percent, while, as a proportion of total surplus, they declined from more than one-half among families with incomes under $1,250 to one-quarter at the highest levels. Insur ance payments of Negro families were less directly related to money income, ranging rather irregularly from 4 to 10 percent. At the in come levels under $750, they constituted practically the only surplus items reported, but at succeeding levels generally accounted for a smaller proportion of all amounts spent for surplus items than among white families, although the actual sums paid in insurance premiums tended to run higher among Negro than among white families. 2 In a study among Federal employees conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics shortly before the inauguration of this investigation, the schedule provided for information on the type of insurance repre sented by the premiums reported. Informants were so infrequently able to supply such facts that the question was omitted from the present schedule. It is, therefore, impossible to estimate how much of the amount paid in life insurance premiums represents savings, and how much represents merely insurance protection for the year. 125018°—40------7 88 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES Increases in bank accounts and money on hand were generally second in importance; although at the higher income levels, among white families in Atlanta, they were not consistently greater than increases in investments. Average increases in bank accounts of Atlanta white families exceeded $900, at all levels above $2,250, rising rapidly to $1,675 in the highest income group. Increases in invest ments,8 rather surprisingly, exceeded bank account increases among families with incomes between $1,250 and $2,250; thereafter, they were sometimes lower and sometimes higher than the latter, but amounted to an average of more than $200 beginning at the $3,000 level. Among white families in the middle-sized cities, the reported increases in bank accounts tended to be larger, those in investments, smaller, than among Atlanta white families. T able 34,— A verage insurance 'prem ium s p a id Income class (White families; $500-$749 _______________ $750-$999 $1,000-$1,249_ __________ $1,250-$1,499_____________ $1,500-$1,749 $1,750-$1,999 ____ $2,000-$2,249_ _________ $2,250-$2,499_____________ $2,500-$2,999 __________ $3,000-$3,499 _ __ $3,500-$3,999 - ___ $4,000-$4,999-_. _________ $5,000-$7,499 $7,500 and over__________ by A tla n ta fa m ilie s , as a percentage of m oney incom e an d of all su rplu s item s Percentage Percentage of money of all sur income plus item s1 5 5 4 4 4 5 4 5 5 6 7 6 8 10 53 56 54 42 32 41 30 29 30 27 30 27 31 25 Income class (Negro families) Percentage Percentage of money of all sur income plus item s1 Under $250 _____ ______ $250-$499________________ $500-$749________________ $750-$999________________ $1,000-$1,249_____________ $1,250-$1,499_____________ $1,500-$1,749_____________ $1,750-$1,999_____________ $2,000-$2,249_____________ $2,250-$2,499_____________ $2,500-$2,999_____________ $3,000-$3,499_____________ $3,500-$3,999 ____________ $4,000 and over.................... 8 5 4 4 5 5 6 4 7 6 6 10 6 8 100 86 69 45 44 43 23 17 29 21 18 32 19 25 1 Surplus items consist of the sum of increases in assets and decreases in liabilities. Negro families in Atlanta showed increases in investments that ex ceeded an average of $100 at all but two levels above $1,500, whereas in the smaller cities they reported increases in this category at only four scattered levels, the average amounts never exceeding $34. Increases in bank accounts generally amounted to more than $100 among Negro families with incomes of $1,500 and more in Columbia and Mobile, and in Atlanta, beginning at the next higher income level. In general, increases in bank accounts were larger than increases in investments among Negro families. As has been pointed out, decreases in liabilities were considerably less important than increases in assets. Reductions in mortgages were generally the largest item, except among white families with incomes below $2,000 in Columbia and Mobile, among which amounts paid on bills and installment accounts exceeded payments on mort gages. Among other families, the latter items were generally second 3 This item took no account of changes in the market value of securities or real estate held; the amounts reported represented the outlays for new investments. 89 to mortgages in importance. Repayments of loans were a negligible factor. Important deficit items.—Among deficit items reported by families studied in the Southeast, increases in liabilities were considerably more important than decreases in assets at nearly all income levels among both white and Negro families. In this respect the Southeast ern communities studied differ from most other communities covered, since, in the other communities, decreases in assets were generally greater than increases in liabilities, particularly in the upper part of the income range. With few exceptions, decreases in bank accounts constituted the major portion of the decreases in assets. (See table 35.) Reductions in assets due to the surrender or settlement of insurance policies or the disposal of investments were significant only at scattered points in the income scale. On the liability side, bills due (charge and installment accounts and other bills) tended to be most important, and frequently exceeded bank withdrawals in amount. New or increased loans and unpaid rents (the latter included under “other” increases in liabilities) were relatively substantial at the lower income levels. New mortgages and increases in mortgages were reported only at the middle income ranges, and rarely averaged as much as $100 per family. Installment purchases.—The situation with respect to increases in liabilities during the year 1935-36 is well illustrated by the figures reported by Atlanta families on installment accounts, which are in cluded in table 34 under “Balances due”. If the figures on increase and decrease in amounts due on installment purchases at each income level are compared, it will be seen that, almost without exception, the proportion of both white and Negro families that reported an increase was greater than the proportion that reduced their obligations. (See table 36.) Moreover, at all but three or four income levels among each group of families, the average amounts of increase exceeded the decreases. The tendencies revealed by these figures are very clear. For the most part, the proportion of families reporting a net increase in the balance due on installment purchases was at least two or three times as great as the proportion reporting decreases. With few exceptions the average increases repoited were substantially greater than the decreases. It is interesting to note that the increases shown for families in the Southeast ran noticeably above those of families in other cities covered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the Study of Consumer Purchases. SURPLUS AND DEFICIT ITEMS FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 90 T able 35.— D eficit item s: A verage am ount of change in 1 year, 1 98 5 -3 6 A T L A N T A : W H IT E FAM ILIES Item All deficit items 1 __ ________ Decreases in assets. _______ Bank accounts________ Investments ________ In su rance._______ _ Other _______________ Increases in liabilities. _ . . . Mortgages p ayable___ Loans due __________ Balances due_________ Other....................... __ 05 <N | o 3 ® I £ P <N P €«■ 1 1 » I 0 5 S 1 < M €f’ I I <~ m €« ■ 8 85 8 0 <N <N s »o I < M c<T €«• £ 8 e C O t £ 8 1 & I $7,500 and over Income class Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. (2) (2) 84 16i 143 152 223 235 231 292 211 361 446 296 506 389 (2) (2) 24 84 42 45 52 101 45 153 54 113 165 51 181 57 (2) (2) . 3 67 37 29 24 77 41 135 46 75 134 24 149 47 1 3 15 2 13 3 5 3 22 13 8 10 (2) (2) (2) (2) 21 16 1 1 24 10 1 13 3 7 3 l 14 15 (*) 2 1 2 9 1 9 (2) (2) (2) (2) 60 77 101 107 171 134 186 139 157 248 281 245 325 332 (*) 19 57 13 38 26 34 111 166 129 11 (2) (2) (2) (2) 25 26 27 18 20 39 60 55 56 54 49 38 133 '305 (2) (2) 34 48 72 70 90 82 86 57 66 83 64 76 181 27 (2) (2) 1 3 2 (*) 4 (*) 2 1 1 (*) 2 2 A T L A N T A : N EGR O FAM ILIES All deficit items 1_ ________ _ Decreases in assets__. . . Bank accounts_____ _ Investments Insurance. ______ _ _ Other_____________ .. Increases in liabilities ___ Mortgages payable _ __ Loans Balances due _ .. ___ Other __ _______ Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Ill 53 30 53 57 60 225 208 160 182 182 207 263 3134 54 23 11 11 18 19 99 27 17 32 11 103 100 35 — 35 54 18 6 6 12 16 27 22 6 16 11 4 5 11 (*) 1 1 (3) 5 5 4 5 3 72 16 99 100 (3) (3) 57 30 19 42 39 41 126 181 143 150 171 104 163 3129 — 1 3 12 5 3 76 78 67 98 131 (3) 9 2 17 6 1 5 2 3 4 (3) 19 11 12 22 31 32 42 99 66 50 35 104 163 3129 21 12 3 3 1 3 4 4 1 5 (3) 1 All deficit items represent the sum of decreases in assets and increases in liabilities for families at the respective income levels. M any of these families also reported increases in assets and decreases in liabilities, as shown in table 33. The algebraic sum of total surplus and total deficit at a given income level is the average net surplus or deficit, as shown in table 5, ch. II, of this bulletin. 2 Expenditure schedules not taken for white families at this income level. 3 Includes all families with incomes of $4,000 and more. * Less than $1. SURPLUS AND DEFICIT ITEMS T able 91 36 .-—Increases and decreases in amounts due on installment purchases among Atlanta families WHITE FAMILIES Families reporting Families reporting decreases increases Income class Percent Average Percent Average age amount age amount $500-$749_______________________________ ___________ $750-$999______________________________________ _ $1,000-$1,249____________ ___________ $1,250-$1,499______________ _____________ ___________ $1,500-$1,749__ _ ____________________ _ _ - _ _ . $1,750-$1,999__________________________ ___________________ $2,000-$2,249_____________________________________________ _ $2,250-$2,499_______________________________________________ $2,500-$2,999____________________________ ________ __ _ _ $3,000-$3,499_. __________________ __________________ $3,500-$3,999________________________________________________ $4,000-$4,999____ __________________________________________ $5,000-$7,499_ _____________________________________________ $7,500 and over_____ _________ ____________________________ 13 21 15 13 19 16 13 18 26 11 13 13 12 3 $69 52 60 69 63 106 108 178 185 173 138 215 375 233 39 24 43 45 39 39 43 26 27 22 24 17 21 8 >pO O 112 130 107 169 159 158 181 152 282 196 388 352 338 6 8 14 12 8 10 19 18 30 22 15 20 20 $17 38 57 75 100 90 89 67 123 354 213 505 200 17 13 23 26 31 33 26 22 29 20 11 23 40 30 $41 46 35 62 77 61 100 .355 214 200 182 391 358 430 NEGRO FAMILIES Under $250. _____________________ ___ __ __ ______________ $250-$499_____________________________ ____________________ .................. $500-$749_ __________________________________ $750-$999 ______________________________ _________________ $1,000-$1,249—______________________________ _________________ $1,250-$1,499________________________________________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________________________________________ $1,750-$1,999— ___________________________ ___________________ $2,000-$2,249____ -______________ ____________________________ $2,250-$2,499______________________________________________ _ $2,500-$2,999_________________________________________________ $3,000-$3,499— _______________________________________________ $3,500-$3,999------------------------------------------------------------------------$4,000 and over.---------- - - -------- -- - -------------- - Sources and disposition of funds used .—The foregoing discussion has indicated three types of sources from which families obtained funds, and also three channels through which such funds were dis bursed. Thus, the funds used came from current money income, from accumulations of previous years, and from credit secured during the year of the survey. Disbursements, on the other hand, comprised expenditures for consumer goods and services, increases in assets, and decreases in obligations incurred before the year began. The relation of these constituents to their totals gives a good picture of the year’s financial results for the families studied. In figure 5 for families at selected income levels, total funds used by Atlanta families are distributed by source and disposition. Among white families at the lowest income level ($500 to $750) money income provided 89 percent of the funds disbursed during the year while increases in liabilities furnished 8 percent and decreases in assets 3 percent. Money expenditures for current living, on the other hand, accounted for 91 percent of the total funds used, and thus exceeded money income by a small margin. The remaining 9 percent of dis bursements was divided almost equally between increases in assets and decreases in liabilities. FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 92 SOURCE AND DISPOSITION OF FUNDS USED FOR FAMILY LIVING IN ONE YEAR AT SELECTED INCOME LEVELS ATLANTA, 1 9 3 5 -1 9 3 6 NONRELIEF FAMILIES INCLUDING HUSBAND AND WIFE BOTH NATIVE BORN WHITE FAMILIES PERCENTAGE IN O E C S C M LA S ft*D ) ollars 0 2 0 4 0 6 0 8 0 10 0 jo e „ 750 w a rn ADNE N U DR A DU D R N NE 2000 7500 ■IB— I M B — ^KKF7 //*//**///'///V/A -' I over NEGRO FAMILIES 250 A DU D R N NE 500 AioU oE N o DR DN 1250 ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ ■ 1^ 1 ^ y\ii frgssrrsr^^^s^r^s^srsrsssrrsss^s^sssrr^ssssrts^^^srrrrrrrrjsrr^^rs^ss/strvBm ^ i — m * 4000* 4000 OVER l ■ 0 ■ ■ ■ 2 0 SOURCE OF FUNDS M ONEY INCOM E B888 DECREASE IN ASSETS 88 BBBI INCREASE IN LIABILITIES U S B R A O L B R S TIS S . . U E U F A O TA TIC ■ ■ i | 4 PERCENTAGE 6 0 0 ^ M 8 0 l 10 0 DISPOSITION OF FUNDS ■ ■ M ONEY EXPENDITURES E 22J INCREASE IN ASSETS E?x? DECREASE IN LIABILITIES 1 | | SURPLUS AND DEFICIT ITEMS 93 At the income level $1,750 to $2,000, Atlanta white families as a group obtained the same percentage (89) of the funds spent from money income as were obtained by the group receiving $500 to $750, but at this higher level expenditures for current living were approxi mately balanced by money income. Almost four-fifths of the dis bursements other than current expenditures were devoted to an increase in assets. Among families receiving $7,500 and over, 96 percent of the family funds for the year came from income, but only 62 percent of such funds were used for current living. At this level more than one-third of all funds disbursed was used to increase family assets, and the remainder (3 percent) to reduce liabilities. As indicated in chapter II, Atlanta Negro families were more successful than whites at the same income level in keeping expendi tures within income. Thus, although the group with incomes under $250 obtained from money income only 62 percent of funds used, the families receiving $1,000 to $1,250 reported that-95 percent of total disbursements were supplied out of money income, and only 90 percent of these disbursements were spent for current living. In the group receiving $4,000 and over, 98 percent of funds used came from income, but less than 70 percent went for current family living. Among both white and Negro families, disbursements other than for current family living were predominantly for increases in assets. At every income level represented in figure 5, increases in assets among Negro families were at least four times as great as decreases in liabilities. Among white families the former were four times as great as the latter beginning with the $1,750 to $2,000 level. Thus, figure 5 shows, in another manner, the fact brought out in chapter II, that over the income range there is a steady shift from heavy deficit financing at the lower end of the income scale to sub stantial savings at the upper end. Chapter IX Summary The discussion of family expenditures in the preceding chapters was primarily in terms of averages, and of variations in those averages that were associated with differences in income level, in occupational classification and in family composition. These averages necessarily obscured the differences among individual families within a given classification, in amounts spent and the apportionment of that spend ing. While it is important to consider how widely families similar in certain established respects differ among themselves in expenditures for consumption goods and services, the averages that have been presented make it possible to discern the broad outlines of family consumption patterns, and the differences in those patterns that may be expected among families of different socio-economic status. V ariation oj expenditures among fam ilies with sim ilar incom es .— Throughout the income range there was wide variation among families in the amounts spent for current living. Among white families, the range was relatively about as great at one end of the income scale as at the other, but among Negroes it was relatively greater in the low income groups than in the high. Among white families with incomes of $750 to $1,000, expenditures for current living ranged from less than $700 to more than $1,600. (See table 37.) The highest total ex penditures reported at any given income level were from two to four times as great as the lowest among both white and Negro families, although there was a tendency for the range to be relatively smaller among the latter. The proportion of families reporting expenditures that fell within the income interval in which they were classified was generally greatest in the lower part of the income scale. More than half of the white families with incomes between $500 and $1,750 reported expenditures within their income interval, and more than one-third at all levels between $500 and $2,000. (See table 37.) Among Negro families, which were concentrated much lower in the income scale, half or more at the levels up to $1,250 reported total expenditures within their income interval. 94 T able 37. — Percentage distribution of families according to money value of current family living ATLANTA: WHITE FAMILIES 8 cO g Income class i § 30 44 8 of ? 8 c' m i C" M s 1 c' m 1 1 ? 8 § eo c" m m- 8 «o 1 »o 8 m c' «m <« €m c" m c■" c■" c■" m © = © 10 i 0 c" m 1 f i 1 i 8 c" c" c' »m €«■" m m m c" 00 £ g 4 2 3 1 4 5 ~~2 (*) 2 1 17 14 9 6 3 1 1 2 (*) 13 18 17 12 6 ""5_ 5 5 2 2 5 7 8 17 18 10 7 4 5 2 6 1 6 7 11 5 14 10 13 5 1 (*) 2 4 7 8 5 12 18 8 1 1 5 4 1 11 2 1 3 3 1 1 1 6 £ 1 (*) (*) 4 2 2 1 6 2 ~~4~ 1 6 7 6 4 3 11 6 13 7 7 31 1 4 2 10 41 1 4 (*) 25 8 3 3 — SUMMARY $500-$749_____ $750-$999_____ $1,000-$1,249__. $1,250-$1,499_._ $1,500-$1,749.__ $1,750-$1,999__$2,000-$2,249_._ $2,250-$2,499___ $2,500-$2,999__. $3,000-$3,499... $3,500-$3,999__ $4,000-$4,999_.. $5,000-$7,499__ $7,500 and over i g 05 00 i i m- «■ of © § § c" m €«■ €«• Under $250___ $250-$499_____ $500-$749_____ $750-$999_____ $1,000-$1,249__$1,250-$1,499.._ $l,500-$l,749--_ $l,750-$l,999_-_ $2,000-$2,249___ $2,250-$2,499___ $2,500-$2,999._$3,000-$3,499___ $3,500-$3,999___ $4,000 and over. 5 49 19 9 13 5 16 47 17 1 20 8 0 !>• 10 8 i I I 5 10 43 5 4 1 26 6 3 1 25 27 19 14 7 3 (*) 1 4 16 18 29 22 6 1 3 (*) (*) 6 4 12 30 19 14 6 3 3 14 14 7 15 21 ~i7~ 6 13 3 6 19 3 14 5 5 7 14 5 7 10 7 6 7 6 17 «*• V* r-T 4 3 17 23 13 6 8 C) 1 1 6 ~~6 10 11 11 4 7 10 18 10 15 11 7 6 13 23 10 1 Includes total current expenditures and the value of housing, food, and fuel obtained without money expense. 4 3 6 4 7 8 to c" m c" m «9- 5 30 20 20 $2, 600-$2, 699 $2, 700-$2, 799 $2,800-$2,899 t 8 >0 05 8 05 $1,900-$l, 999 $2,000-$2,099 $2,100-$2,199 $2, 200-$2, 299 $2, 300-$2, 399 $2,400-$2, 499 8 * 8 1 cc $1,600-$1,699 8 & 1 $1,000-$1,099 $1,100-$1,199 $1, 200-$l, 299 Income class | Under $200 $200-$299 NEGRO FAMILIES 1 5 23 20 8 i i 8 f i C O 5 8 20 ’30’ 20 * Less than 1 percent. 05 8 I £ 10 10 20 g 96 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES At the lower income levels, the bulk of the families that reported expenditures outside the limits of their income interval had expendi tures above those limits. At succeeding levels, the proportion with expenditures below these limits increased steadily, while the propor tion with higher expenditures declined rapidly. When the same data are examined for individual categories the variations from family to family are even wider, relatively, than are found in total expenditures for current living. Such variations re flect the wide differences among families in their habits and tastes, as well as in the circumstances that operate in any given year to modify their usual pattern of spending.1 The share of food , shelter , and clothing in fa m ily expenditures .—It has already been noted that after the three basic essentials, food, shelter, and clothing have been provided,, families in the lower part of the income range have comparatively little remaining to cover all the other goods and services included in family living. Hence, the vary ing proportions of total consumption accounted for by these cate gories, and by those that may be considered “luxuries,” provide an indication of the kind of living secured at different economic levels.2 Among white families in the Southeastern cities studied, these three essentials accounted for more than half of total expenditures of all in come groups except the highest in Atlanta ($7,500 and over), and more than three-fifths of the total of all families below the $2,500 level. (See table 38.) Among Negroes, at least half of total expenditures were so used in all income groups studied, and more than three-fourths, among families receiving less than $500. At succeeding income levels, therefore, steadily increasing proportions of total expenditures were available for other consumption purposes. The decline over the income scale in the share of the total going to the three essentials was much more striking in terms of income than in terms of expenditures. Among white families with incomes under $750, food, housing, and clothing accounted for more than 80 percent of income; but among families with incomes of $5,000 and over this proportion was less than half as great. 1 See appendix E for further discussion of variability in family expenditures. See also U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Bull. No. 642, Family Income and Expenditures in Chicago, vol. II, ch. IX , for data on occupational and family type differences in the range of total expenditures. 2 It should be pointed out that in the higher income groups expenditures for these three essentials include elements of comfort or display, as well as the satisfaction of the basic needs. Thus, it is not possible to make a clear distinction between “necessities” and “luxuries,” quite apart from the question as to whether any given group of items belongs in one classification or the other. For present purposes, however, the three largest categories representing goods which no family can do without will be designated as necessities, while three others, automobiles, household help, and recreation, will be classified as luxuries, since they can generally be eliminated from the budget if circumstances require it. SUMMARY T able 38. 97 — Average expenditures fo r food, housing, and clothing, com bined, and fo r autom obiles, recreation, and household help, com bined A T L A N T A : W H IT E FAM ILIES Food, housing, and clothing Income class Amount $500-$749____________________ $750-$999_________________ _ $1,000-11,249_________________ $1,250-$l,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ $2,500-$2,999_________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________ $4,000-$4,999_________________ $5,000-$7,499_________________ $7,500 and over_____ __ $533 713 820 935 1,033 1,180 1,246 1, 384 1, 503 1,696 1,914 2,122 2, 505 3, 622 Percentage Percentage of total of total expendi income tures (adjusted) 78.8 71.6 67.1 65. 8 63.0 62.1 60.2 60.0 59.6 57.9 57.0 56.1 50.5 48.1 Automobiles, recreation, and household help Amount 82.0 79.1 71.3 67.1 63/9 62.9 58.9 57.8 54.9 52.4 51.3 47.0 42.1 31.5 $29 53 117 127 189 249 300 350 361 510 621 715 1,122 1,248 Percentage Percentage of total of total expendi income tures (adjusted) 4.3 5.3 9.6 8.9 11.5 13.1 14.5 15.2 14.3 17.5 18.5 18.9 22. 6 16.6 4.5 5.9 10.2 9.1 11.7 13.3 14. 2 14.6 13.2 15.8 16.6 15.8 18.9 10.9 $14 26 78 96 142 176 269 299 321 428 551 614 759 1, 096 2.3 3.6 8.3 8.3 10.3 10.9 14. 5 14.4 14.8 16.9 19.6 19.5 20.4 20.5 3.0 4.0 8.6 8.4 10.3 10.8 14 3 13.9 13.5 15.6 17.0 16.4 17.2 14.7 $3 6 18 35 73 98 145 182 240 199 166 362 609 852 0.9 1.3 2.7 3.9 6.4 7.4 9.3 10.9 13.0 10.2 8.2 14.6 21.2 21.8 1.3 1.4 2.7 3.8 6.2 7.0 8.6 9.5 11.2 8.4 6.1 10.9 15.5 15.6 0.4 .7 3.8 3.3 6.3 10.5 14.8 7.7 9.2 16.1 7.8 0.4 .7 3.7 3.2 6.1 10.4 13.8 6.6 7.1 14.2 5.7 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES:: W H IT E FAM ILIES $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999 $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ $2,500-$2,999_________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________ $4,000-$4,999_________________ $5,000 and over_______ ___ $492 556 680 796 914 1, 075 1,149 1, 276 1, 303 1, 518 1, 619 1, 733 2, 028 2, 735 80.8 77.1 72.1 68.4 66.1 66. 3 62.1 61.6 60.1 59.8 57.6 55.1 54.4 51.2 104.9 84. 5 74.3 69.8 66.3 65. 7 61.1 59.5 54.8 55.2 50.0 46.3 46. 0 36.6 A T L A N T A : N EGR O FAM ILIES Under $250__________________ $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ $2,500-$2,999_________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________ $4,000 and over, __ ________ $279 387 502 626 769 841 985 1, 053 1,160 1, 198 1, 259 1,416 1, 469 1,983 82.5 80.8 74.4 70.0 67.5 63.4 63.5 63.2 62.9 61.1 61.9 57. 2 51.1 50. 7 118. 2 88.6 75.3 68.3 64.9 59.7 58.7 55.0 54.0 50.5 46.4 42.6 37.4 36.4 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES: N EGR O FAM ILIES Under $250__________________ $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ $2,500 and over_____ $243 332 452 596 733 884 925 1,031 1,025 1,168 1.344 88. 7 81.2 73. 7 70.9 67.1 62. 7 60.9 64.2 61.8 55. 5 63.0 102.1 82.4 72.4 68.1 64.8 61.9 56.8 54.5 47.5 49.0 42.4 $1 3 23 28 69 148 225 124 153 338 163 98 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES Expenditures fo r recreation , automobile , and household help .—In con trast to the large but declining share of the total absorbed by food, housing, and clothing combined, expenditures for automobiles (pur chase and operation), recreation, and household help, combined, rose rapidly as a percentage of the total in successive income classes. Expenditures for these goods and services increased much more rapidly than total expenditures and more rapidly even than total income. Up to the $1,500 level in Atlanta and the $1,250 level in the middle-sized cities, they generally accounted for less than onetenth of total expenditures. Among white families they absorbed one-seventh or more of the total, beginning at the $2,000 level in Atlanta and the $1,750 level in the smaller city unit. Thus, among Atlanta white families, the proportion of total expenditures ac counted for by automobiles, recreation, and household help was four times as great at the top as at the bottom of the income scale in Atlanta and nine times as great in the middle-sized cities. Among Negro families the share going to these goods increased much less regularly, and dropped off sharply at the highest income level studied in each community. Families in Atlanta spent more than those in the middle-sized cities for the three necessities and less for luxury goods, both in dollar amounts and as a proportion of total expenditures. The direct relationship between city size and necessity outlays was characteristic of the three constituent categories in respect to actual expenditures, but true only of clothing in respect to the ratio of these expenditures to the total. In the case of the luxury goods and services, the inverse relationship was attributable to differences in payments for house hold help and also, among white families, to differences in expendi tures for recreation. Relative changes in expenditures. —The foregoing chapters have shown differences among the categories in the rate at which expendi tures for the several categories of goods and services increase, as successively larger incomes make possible greater latitude in con sumer’s choices. It is possible to obtain a rough measure of the elasticity of various types of expenditures over a given income range by computing the percentage increases in average outlay between the lower and upper ends of that range. Elasticity varies in different parts of the income scale, and is also greater or less depending on the length of the range selected for the comparison, since average expenditures for each category increase in successive income classes. When average expenditures are compared for Atlanta white families over a range that begins with the groups receiving $500 to $1,250 and ends with those receiving $5,000 and over, the following per- SUMMARY 99 centage increases in expenditures are obtained for the individual categories, arranged in order from the smallest relative increase to the greatest: Percentage increase Transportation other than by automobile________________ 147 Food1_____________________________________________ 213 Furnishings andequipment____________________________ 213 Tobacco____________________________________________ 235 Personal care_______________________________________ 284 Reading____________________________________________ 291 Housing 2__________________________________________ 315 Clothing___________________________________________ 552 Recreation_________________________________________ 822 Automobile purchase_________________________________ 1, 080 Automobile operation________________________________ 1, 107 Household operation_________________________________ 1, 196 Medical care________________________________________ 1, 356 Contributions and personal taxes________________________2, 255 Education___________________________________________ 3, 350 1 Includes the money value of food received without money expense. 2 Includes fuel, light, and refrigeration, and the money value of housing and fuel received without money expense. Over this range, which represents a 700-percent increase in total income,3 total expenditures rose 455 percent, while the increase in outlay for the individual categories varied from 147 percent for trans portation other than automobile to 3,350 percent for education. Among the more important categories of consumption, food was the least elastic, with an increase in average outlay of 213 percent, and household operation was the most elastic, with average outlay rising nearly 1,200 percent. The manner in which income elasticity in expenditures varied for Atlanta families in different parts of the income scale is indicated by the lists appearing below, which represent the individual categories arranged according to the percentage increase in average expenditures over the income ranges from $500-$749 to $1,000-$1,249 and from $3,000-$3,499 to $5,000-$7,499. The first involves an increase in average income of about 75 percent and an increase in average total expenditures for current living of 80 precent. In the aggregate, the families in these first two groups “went into the red” during the year, the families at the higher income level having a slightly larger average deficit than those at lowest levels. The range between the two upper groups represents an increase in income of slightly over 80 per cent, a rise in current expenditures of 70 percent, and an increase in net savings of over 200 percent. 3 Money income increased 672 percent over this range. 100 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES $500-$749 to $1,000-$1,249 R eading ___ __ _____ R ecreation. _____ __ _ ___ H o u sin g 2 _. __ _ ___ __ T otal expenditures ____ __ _ _ _ Personal care ___ ________________ E ducation ____________ H ousehold operation. _________ __ . T ransportation other than autom obile _ Tobacco . _ _ C loth in g. ____ ______ _ M edical care ___ ______ ________ F urnishings and equipm ent ________ _ C ontributions and personal taxes . A utom obile purchase _ _ A utom obile operation. __ ___________ Percentage increase 33 50 63 64 80 88 100 100 110 125 151 192 208 211 850 2,200 $3,000-$3,499 to $5,000-$7,499 Tobacco ______ _________ F o o d 1. ___________ _ _ . . . . . . Personal care _ _ . .. R eading ... ___ __ _ H o u sin g 2. . ._ _________ . . . ____ Furnishings and eq u ip m en t. __ ___ T otal expenditures __ __ __ C lothing. _ _ _______ _. __ H ousehold op eration ._ _________ __ ___ A utom obile operation __ __ __ R ecreation .. _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ E d u cation . ________ _ __________ C ontributions and personal taxes A utom obile purchase M edical care. . _______ _______ ____ Percentage increase 31 37 40 44 45 52 70 81 95 96 103 119 137 147 152 1 Includes the value of food received w ith ou t m oney expense. 2 Includes fuel, ligh t, and refrigeration, and the m oney value of housing and fuel received w ith ou t m oney expense. The most striking difference in elasticity in the lower income range and the upper is found in the case of automobile purchase and operation. Comparatively few families in the lowest income class ($500 to $750) owned cars, so that average outlay for automobile operation rose 2,200 percent between that group and the one receiving $1,000 to $1,250. Between the two groups in the upper part of the income scale, on the other hand, expenditures for automobile operation rose less than 100 percent, a rise somewhat greater than that in income, but very moderate in comparison with the extraordinary growth in outlay for this category over the income range below the median. Average expenditures for automobile purchase increased 850 percent between the two groups at the lower end of the income scale, but increased less than 150 percent in the range between the group with incomes of $3,000 to $3,500 and that receiving $5,000 to $7,500.4 Elasticity in expenditures for furnishings and equipment, contri butions and personal taxes, tobacco, clothing, and personal care was also greater in the lower part of the income scale than in the upper part. Only in the case of recreation was elasticity in expenditures appreciably greater at the top of the income scale. Elasticity in expenditures for food, for household operation, and for medical care was similar at both income levels. On the whole, as already indicated by the data in ch. II, expendi tures for family living showed considerably less elasticity among Negro families than among whites. In the case of recreation and education, however, and to a lesser extent in the case of food, average expendi tures rose more rapidly between the income class $500 to $750 and $1,000 to $1,250 among Negro families than among whites. Over this income range average income of the Negro as well as the white families increased approximately 75 percent, while average expendi4 Average expenditures for transportation other than autom obile were slightly lower at the $5,000 to $7,500 level than at the $3,000 to $3,500 level in A tlanta. 101 tures increased 81 percent among-white families and only 69 percent among Negroes. The growth with income in average expenditures by white families in Atlanta for the main categories is shown in figures 6 and 7. These figures indicate both the level of outlay and the relative increase in different parts of the income scale.6 The relatively small increases for both food and housing noted in chapters III and IV are empha sized in figure 6. Among the other categories a number show relative increases that are closely similar. All categories of current expendi ture showed a clear tendency toward relatively slower increase at the higher economic levels, although this is least marked with respect to contributions and personal taxes. The flattening of the curves in the upper part of the income scale reflects the growing importance of various forms of savings with increases in income. Expenditures at successive income levels .—As already indicated, data for individual families reveal great differences among families both in the level of spending and in its apportionment among consumption goods and services. When families are classified into groups that are homogeneous in certain established respects, however, their average expenditures assume such regularity of design that it becomes possible to speak of the “patterns of expenditures” at successive income levels in the communities studied. The designs become especially apparent when all families studied are grouped into a few broad income classes, and the pattern of expenditures is compared for families at each of these economic levels. (See table 39.) Among white families with incomes under $1,000, in both Atlanta and the middle-sized cities, food and home maintenance together absorbed more than three-fourths of total income,6 clothing and personal care about one-tenth, leaving less than one-seventh for all other categories including medical care, transportation, contributions and personal taxes, recreation, reading, and other miscellaneous items. It is not surprising, therefore, that these families were unable to supply all of their current needs out of income, but reported fairly substantial deficits. In succeeding income groups food and home maintenance took steadily decreasing proportions of total income. This relative decline was balanced in part by decreasing deficits, or, at the higher levels, by increasing surpluses, and in part by relative increases in amounts spent for the smaller categories, such as transportation, clothing, recreation, and contributions and personal taxes. The income group receiving $5,000 and over reported average savings that accounted for nearly one-fourth of total income, while expenditures for food and SUMMARY * A verage expenditures were sm oothed and plotted on double logarithm ic paper. 8 F igures for incom e and expenditures both include the m oney value of housing, food, and fuel obtained w ith ou t m oney expense in the year of the survey. 102 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES Fig. 6 RELATIVE CHANGES IN SPECIFIED CATEGORIES OF EXPENDITURE WITH CHANGES IN INCOME ATLANTA, 1 9 3 5 - 1 9 3 6 N O N R E U E F W HITE FAMILIES INCLUDING HUSBAND AND WIFE BOTH NATIVE BORN ANNUAL EXPENDITURE ( In D ollars ) ANNUAL EXPENDITURE (In D o lla rs ) The slopes of the lines show the percent increase in expenditure corresponding to the percent increase in income. A slope greater than that of a 4 5 degree line represents a gain in the specified kind ot expenditure relatively greater than the gain in income; aslope less than that of a 45 degree line represents a gain relatively smaller. U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR S TATISTICS SUMMARY 125018°—40------8 103 104 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES home maintenance took less than 40 percent of that total, or only about half the proportion reported at the lowest level. T able 39. — P erc en ta g e d is tr ib u tio n o f a d ju s te d f a m i ly in co m e A T L A N T A : W H IT E Incom e class $500-$999_________________ $1,000-$1,999_____________ $2,000-$2,999_____________ $3,000-14,999_____________ $5,000 and over__________ T otal adjust T otal ed in com e $814 1,544 2, 430 3, 799 7, 616 108.8 102.2 94.9 87.7 75.3 M ID D L E -S IZ E D $250-$999_________________ $1,000-$1,999_____________ $2,000-$2,999_____________ $3,000 and over ____ $788 1,506 2,369 4,914 106.3 99.7 93.4 78.7 Food 43.3 31.8 26.6 21.7 15.5 C ontri H om e C lothing T rans M ed i butions m ain and per porta cal and per Other te sonal tion care sonal nance care taxes 112.6 99.2 94.5 78.3 M ID D L E -S IZ E D U nder $500_______________ $500-$999_________________ $1,000-$1,999____________ $2,000 and o v e r _________ $368 705 1,255 2,000 103.3 97.3 96.2 78.6 11.4 12.0 11.9 11.2 9.2 37.0 34.7 30.5 29.5 23.7 4.3 9.3 10.1 9.7 8.0 3.7 4.5 5.4 4.4 6.1 2.2 3.1 4.0 4.9 6.8 6.9 6.8 6.4 6.3 6.0 4.7 7.5 9.2 8.4 5.0 4.7 4.2 3.2 1.6 2.9 4.4 6.7 6.6 6.7 6.7 6.2 2.0 5.0 8.0 8.6 4.7 5.4 4.9 3.5 2.0 3.0 3.7 4 .2 5.4 5.8 6.1 6.8 5.2 6.2 5.9 4.4 1.9 3.4 4.1 4.1 6.1 7.2 5.4 C IT IE S : W H IT E F A M IL IE S 41.0 32.1 25.5 16.9 36.9 34.8 32.3 27.6 A TLA N TA : NEGRO $406 U nder $250______________ 777 $500-$999_________________ $1,000-$1,999_____________ 1,319 $2,000 and over ___ __ 2,860 1 F A M IL IE S 46.1 36.3 28.7 19.1 10.5 11.0 11.1 9.7 F A M IL IE S 43.8 31.8 29.5 24.0 C IT IE S : N E G R O 43.0 35.9 30.1 20.0 39.4 29.7 28.4 24.4 8.6 11.9 13.6 12.1 F A M IL IE S 9.2 13.2 14.0 11.4 0.5 2.8 6.5 7.2 5.8 1 See glossary for definition of item s included in each category. There was little difference to be observed between Atlanta and the middle-sized cities in the apportionment of income in these broad income intervals, or in the shift over the income range in family spending patterns. Families in the middle-sized cities generally kept expenditures to a slightly lower level and hence had somewhat smaller deficits or larger surpluses than the corresponding groups in Atlanta, but the relative importance of the various consumption categories was closely similar in the two city units. The shift over the income range in the pattern of spending by Negro families followed lines that were broadly similar to those for white families, although savings bulked larger among Negroes for all com parable groups, as did expenditures for clothing. TA B U LA R SUM M ARY The data presented in the following tables summarize, by major groups, the expenditures of native white and Negro families living in Atlanta, Ga., and a middle-sized city tabulation unit comprising Columbia, S. C., and Mobile, Ala. The data on expenditures, pre sented separately for white and Negro families, were obtained only from nonrelief families containing husband and wife, both native born. Not all families meeting these requirements were scheduled, but the number of eligible families in the different income, occupa tional, and family-type groups is given in column 2 of all tables in order to show their relative frequency in the community. (See statement in section on sampling, appendix A, regarding the “eligible” sample.) Data presented for “All families” and for families of each type, include the different occupational groups at the following income levels: A tlanta Occupational group W hite W age earner_______________ - Clerical-----------------------------------------Business and professional 2 m iddle-sized cities Negro W hite Negro $500-$2,999 U nder $250$250-$2,499 U nder $250$1,499 $1, 499 $750-$2,999 $250 and over $500-$2,499 1 U nder $250 and over. - $1,250 and over $250 and over $1,000 and over 1 Data for “All families” and for each occupational group represent, in the case of the white families and the Negro families in the middlesized city tabulation unit, family types I through V; in the case of the Atlanta Negro families, types I through VII. Data for “All families” are weighted according to the frequency in the eligible sample of the occupational groups and the family types. Data for the occupational groups are weighted according to the frequency of the family type groups studied, and data for the family types are weighted by the frequency of the various occupational groups at the income levels where they are represented. (See section on sampling, appendix A.) Averages are in all cases, except as indicated in table 1-A, based on the number of families reporting expenditures (column 3 on all tables), whether or not they reported expenditure for the particular item. Due to the small number of cases at the upper income levels among the Negro families, data for the clerical, business, and professional groups in Atlanta were combined for incomes of $2,250 and over. For the family type groups, data were combined for Atlanta families with incomes between $1,500 and $2,250, and for those with incomes of $2,250 and over. For Mobile-Columbia, data on the Negro family type groups were combined for families with incomes between $1,500 and $2,250 and for those with incomes of $2,250 and over. 105 106 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES CONTENTS Page 2 m iddle-sized cities A tlanta T able W hite 1. B alance of F a m il y I n c o m e and E W hite 107 147 190 220 110 150 192 222 112 153 194 224 121 164 202 229 124 167 204 231 127 170 206 233 130 173 208 235 133 176 210 237 136 179 212 238 139 182 214 239 142 185 216 240 Negro x p e n d it u r e : Number of eligible families, number reporting expenditures, average net money and non money income, average money expenditure for family living, net surplus or deficit, and balancing difference, by occupation, family type and income, in 1 year, 1935-36 1-A. N e t S u r p l u s o r D e f i c i t : Percentage of fam ilies having a surplus or deficit, and average amounts reported, by occupation, family type and income, in 1 year, 1935-36 2. S u m m a r y o f F a m i l y E x p e n d i t u r e : Average money expenditure for specified groups of goods and services, by occupation, family type and income, in 1 year, 1935-36 3. F o o d : Average value of all family food, money expenditure for food at home and away from home, average value of food home-produced or received as gift or pay, and money expense per meal per food expenditure unit, by occupa tion, family type and income, in 1 year, 1935-36__________________ ____________ 4. H o u s i n g : Average value of housing secured with and without money expenditure, by oc cupation, family type and income, in 1 year, 1935-36_____________________________________ 4-A. M o n e y E x p e n d i t u r e f o r F a m i l y H o m e b y O w n e r s a n d R e n t e r s , a n d F a c il it ie s I n c l u d e d i n R e n t f o r F a m i l y H o m e : By occupation, family type and income, in 1 year, 1935-36 5. H o u s e h o l d O p e r a t i o n : Average money expend iture for groups of items of household opera tion and percentage distribution of such ex penditure, by occupation, family type and income, in 1 year, 1935-36___ 6. C l o t h i n g : Average money expenditure for clothing for husband and wife and other family members, and percentage distribution of such expenditure, by occupation, family type and income, in 1 year, 1935-36___ 7. P e r s o n a l C a r e : Average money expenditure for toilet articles and preparations, and serv ices, and percentage distribution of such ex penditure, by occupation, family type and income, in 1 year, 1935-36___ 8. A u t o m o b i l e O p e r a t i o n a n d P u r c h a s e : Per centage of families owning and purchasing automobiles, average money expenditure for all families for operation and purchase, by occupation, family type and income, in 1 year, 1935-36_____________________________________ 9. R e c r e a t i o n : Average money expenditure for recreation of specified types, by occupation, family type and income, in 1 year, 1935-36— N egro 107 TABULAR SUMMARY A TLA N TA , GA. T 1. Balance of family income and expenditure: — N u m b e r o f e lig ib le f a m ilie s , n u m b e r r e p o rtin g e x p e n d itu r e s , avera ge n et m o n e y a n d n o n m o n e y in c o m e , avera ge m o n e y e x p e n d itu re fo r f a m ily liv in g , n e t s u r p lu s or d e fic it , a n d b a la n c in g d iffe ren c e , b y o c c u p a tio n , f a m i ly ty p e , and in c o m e , in 1 y e a r, 1 9 3 5 - 3 6 able [W hite nonrelief fam ilies including husband and wife, both n ative born] N um ber of fam ilies O ccupational group, fam ily type, and incom e class (1) R eport E lig ib le 1 ing ex pendi tures (2) (3) A verage net incom e Total (4) Average m oney e x p e n d i N on ture for fam M oney 2 m oney livinily4 from g h o u sin g3 (5) (6) (7) A verage Average net sur net bal plus or ancing deficit differ ence 6 (-)* (8) (9) A ll families $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249________________ $1,250-$1,499________________ $1,500-$1,749________________ $1,750-$1,999________________ $2,000-$2,249________________ $2,250-$2,499________________ $2,500-$2,999________________ $3,000-$3,499________________ $3,500-$3,999________________ $4,000-$4,999________________ $5,000-$7,499________________ $7,500 and over_____ ________ 608 1,154 1, 392 1, 512 1,836 1,924 1, 636 1,408 1,818 538 492 466 426 184 26 70 85 159 162 176 161 151 192 96 84 103 74 49 $644 890 1,126 1,379 1, 605 1,861 2,107 2, 376 2, 712 3, 222 3, 705 4, 474 5, 908 11, 448 $640 883 1,107 1,355 1,559 1,811 2,043 2, 306 2, 604 3,115 3, 545 4, 300 5, 636 10, 875 $4 7 19 24 46 50 64 70 108 107 160 174 272 573 $666 978 1,179 1,381 1,581 1,836 1,997 2, 217 2, 387 2,797 3,170 3, 567 4,649 6,922 —$20 -8 1 -5 8 -2 3 -1 1 -2 60 102 221 336 399 714 968 3,923 —$6 -1 4 -1 4 -3 -1 1 -2 3 -1 4 -1 3 -4 -1 8 -2 4 19 19 30 608 814 846 786 850 670 562 356 392 26 41 46 47 35 45 33 30 38 644 886 1,127 1,380 1,608 1,868 2,109 2, 372 2, 693 640 879 1,114 1,350 1,559 1,829 2,020 2, 237 2, 582 4 7 13 30 49 39 89 135 111 667 988 1,163 1,349 1,635 1,839 1,873 2,186 2, 234 -2 1 -9 2 -3 8 -3 -6 1 10 152 82 363 -6 -1 7 -1 1 4 -1 5 -2 0 -5 -3 1 -1 5 340 546 458 630 790 724 610 746 29 39 30 43 36 36 34 33 899 1,125 1,384 1,604 1,858 2, 095 2, 381 2, 696 894 1,097 1,372 1, 562 1,807 2, 068 2, 338 2, 592 5 28 12 42 51 27 43 104 958 1, 205 1,447 1, 533 1,856 2, 073 2, 260 2, 402 -5 7 -8 9 -6 1 31 -2 1 13 74 180 -7 -1 9 -1 4 -2 -2 8 -1 8 4 10 $1,250-$1,499_______________ 130 1, 344 26 1, 348 33 1,370 $1,500-$1,749________________ 1,532 64 1, 428 178 29 1,596 $1,750-$1,999________________ 1,783 71 1,779 196 37 1, 854 $2,000-$2,249________________ 138 2, 111 1,969 142 2,056 26 $2,250-$2,499________________ 154 2, 301 80 2, 028 27 2,381 $2,500-$2,999________________ 2, 484 143 208 45 2,780 2, 637 211 $3,000-$3,499________________ 2, 574 154 32 3,194 2,983 $3,500-$3,999________________ 3,158 122 3,704 187 35 3, 517 $4,000-$4,999________________ 296 104 4, 472 4,176 3, 407 43 4, 322 $5,000-$7,499________________ 339 156 33 5, 739 5, 400 $7,500 and over __ 24 499 6, 594 78 11, 349 10, 850 See p. 145 for notes on this table. •A verage am ounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not show n. -4 106 23 -7 0 272 161 414 385 797 1,073 4, 219 (*) -2 -1 9 -1 7 1 -8 -5 -2 6 -2 8 5 37 Occupational group: Wage earner $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249________________ $1,250-$1,499________________ $1,500-$1,749________________ $1,750-$1,999________________ $2,000-$2,249________________ $2,250-$2,499________________ $2,500-$2,999________________ Clerical $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249________________ $1,250-$1,499________________ $1,500-$1,749________________ $1,750-$1,999________________ $2,000-$2,249________________ $2,250-$2,499________________ $2,500-$2,999________________ Independent business and professional 108 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 1.— Balance of family Income and expenditure: N u m b e r o f e lig ib le f a m i li e s , n u m b e r r e p o r tin g e x p e n d itu r e s , avera ge n et m o n e y a n d n o n m o n e y in c o m e , A TLA N TA , GA. T able avera ge m o n e y e x p e n d itu re fo r f a m i ly liv in g , n et s u r p lu s or d e fic it, a n d b a la n c in g d iffe ren c e, b y o c c u p a tio n , f a m i ly ty p e , a n d in co m e , in 1 y e a r, 1935— —Continued 36 N um ber of fam ilies O ccupational group, fam ily type, and incom e class (1) R eport Eligible ing ex pendi tures (3) (2) A verage net incom e T otal M oney (4) (5) A verage m oney e x p e n d i N on ture for m oney fam ily from livin g housing (7) (6) Average net sur plus or deficit (-) Average net bal ancing differ ence (8) (9) Salaried, business $1,250-$1,499________________ $1,500-$1,749________________ $1,750-$1,999________________ $2,000-$2,249________________ $2,250-$2,499________________ $2,500-$2,999________________ $3,000-$3,499________________ $3,500-$3,999________________ $4,000-$4,999________________ $5,000-$7,499________________ $7,500 and over ___________ 84 94 156 126 186 332 278 274 292 226 82 28 26 32 33 31 39 31 28 30 22 13 $1, 369 1,606 1,848 2,142 2,362 2,712 3, 230 3, 696 4, 473 6,078 12, 281 $1, 363 1, 568 1,804 2,066 2,329 2, 598 3,184 3, 555 4, 339 5, 830 11, 673 $6 38 44 76 33 114 46 141 134 248 608 $1, 377 1, 528 1,748 2,027 2,321 2,429 2,842 3, 236 3, 604 4,926 7, 675 —$8 60 67 59 51 188 366 332 692 875 3,995 —$6 -2 0 -1 1 -2 0 -4 3 -1 9 -2 4 -1 3 43 29 3 54 84 112 86 102 140 106 96 70 44 24 21 29 26 33 29 37 33 21 30 19 12 1,362 1,607 1,872 2,130 2, 381 2,749 3, 244 3, 735 4,481 5,634 8,925 1,311 1,594 1,799 2,058 2, 320 2,697 3,128 3, 553 4, 323 5, 477 8, 229 51 13 73 72 61 52 116 182 158 157 696 1,382 1, 775 1,907 1,995 2,162 2,493 3,007 3,000 3,649 4,386 5, 421 -6 1 -1 4 2 -8 7 61 174 211 143 608 685 1,083 2, 711 -1 0 -3 9 -2 1 2 -1 6 -7 -2 2 -5 5 -1 1 8 97 172 320 450 390 536 540 444 434 494 144 118 98 86 48 7 15 19 34 33 37 31 27 40 18 14 17 16 10 658 906 1,149 1,370 1,603 1,875 2,120 2, 378 2, 710 3,194 3, 674 4, 575 6, 077 13, 862 644 894 1,125 1,336 1,565 1,811 2,065 2,328 2,631 3,096 3, 576 4,450 5, 733 13,059 14 12 24 34 38 64 55 50 79 98 98 125 344 803 709 1,000 1,238 1,362 1,579 1,765 1,874 2,143 2, 263 2,701 3,202 3,405 4,350 7, 513 -5 0 -9 7 -1 0 3 -3 4 -9 66 193 201 348 397 402 1,032 1,372 5,475 -1 5 -9 -1 0 8 -5 -2 0 -2 -1 6 20 -2 -2 8 13 11 71 9 238 637 637 619 32 470 876 875 1 924 580 34 1,115 1,109 6 1,166 640 75 1,364 1,377 13 1,387 692 59 1, 589 1,561 28 1,605 720 68 1,855 1,835 20 1,886 540 73 2,106 2,052 54 2,026 458 58 2,373 2,335 38 2, 361 530 80 2,673 2, 568 105 2, 362 172 31 3,245 3,164 2, 799 81 162 41 3, 723 3, 532 191 3,171 146 37 4,508 4,346 162 3, 492 104 25 5,893 5, 549 344 4, 670 36 18 482 11, 995 11,513 6, 492 $1 and percentages of less than 0,1 are not show n. 20 -3 5 -3 7 -1 4 -3 4 -3 2 40 -6 224 404 385 854 914 4,900 —2 -1 4 -2 0 -9 -1 0 -1 9 -1 4 -2 0 -1 8 -3 9 -2 4 (*) -3 5 121 Salaried professional $1,250-$1,499________________ $1,500-$1,749________________ $l,750-$l,999________________ $2,000-$2,249________________ $2,250-$2,499________________ $2,500-$2,999________________ $3,000-$3,499________________ $3,500-$3,999________________ $4,000-$4,999________________ $5,000-$7,499________________ $7,500 and over ___________ Family type: Type I $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249________________ $1,250-11,499________________ $1,500-$1,749________________ $1,750-$1,999________________ $2,000-$2,249________________ $2,250-$2,499________________ $2,500-$2,999________________ $3,000-$3,499________________ $3,500-$3,999________________ $4,000-$4,999________________ $5,000-$7,499________________ $7,500 and over___ ________ Types II and III $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249________________ $1,250-$l,499________________ $1,500-$1,749________________ $1,750-$1,999________________ $2,000-$2,249________________ $2,250-$2,499________________ $2,500-$2,999________________ $3,000-$3,499________________ $3,500-$3,999________________ $4,000-$4,999________________ $5,000-$7,499________________ $7,500 and over__________ __ * Average am ounts of less than TABULAR SUMMARY 109 A T L A N T A , GA. T 1.— Balance of family income and expenditure: Number of eligible families, number reporting expenditures, average net money and nonmoney income, average money expenditure for family living, net surplus or deficit, and balancing difference, by occupation, family type, and income, in 1 year, 1985-86— Continued able N um ber of fam ilies O ccupational group, fam ily type, and incom e class (1) R eport Eligible ing ex pendi tures (2) (3) Average net incom e Total (4) A verage m oney e x p e n d i N o n ture for oney fam ily M oney mfrom livin g housing (5) (6) (7) A verage net sur plus or deficit (-) A verage n et bal ancing differ ence (8) (9) Types I V and V $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249________________ $1,250-$1,499________________ $1,500-$1,749________________ $1,750-$1,999________________ $2,000-$2,249________________ $2,250-$2,499________________ $2,500-$2,999________________ $3,000-$3,499________________ $3,500-$3,999________________ $4,000-$4,999________________ $5,000-$7,499________________ $7,500 and over_______ ______ 198 364 362 482 608 664 652 516 794 222 212 222 236 100 10 23 32 50 70 71 57 66 72 47 29 49 33 21 $641 894 1,115 1,390 1,626 1,856 2,098 2,379 2,733 3,223 3,709 4,407 5,852 10,092 $641 884 1,082 1,360 1,552 1,786 2,019 2,262 2,612 3,090 3,539 4,204 5,639 9, 596 $10 33 30 74 70 79 117 121 133 170 203 213 496 $687 1,032 1,127 1,391 1, 557 1,840 2,054 2,153 2,481 2,860 3,152 3,687 4,749 6,794 —$43 -1 3 0 -3 6 -2 8 12 -2 5 -1 4 114 140 243 409 482 845 2,825 —$3 -1 8 -9 -3 -1 7 -2 9 -2 1 -5 -9 -1 3 -2 2 35 45 -2 3 110 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES A T L A N T A , G A. T Percentage of families having a surplus or deficit, and average amounts reported, by occupation, family type, and income, in 1 year, 1935— 1 86 able 1-A.— Net surplus or deficit: [W hite nonrelief fam ilies including husband and w ife, both n ative bom ] N um ber of fam ilies O ccupational group, fam ily typ e, and incom e class (1) A verage net sur plus or R eporting deficit E ligible expendi (-) tures (3) (4) (2) A ll families Percentage of fam Average am ount for ilies having 2— fam ilies having 3— Surplus D eficit Surplus D eficit (5) (6) (7) (8) $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250-$2,499___________________ $2,500-$2,999___________________ $3,000-$3,499___________________ $3,500-$3,999___________________ $4,000-$4,999___________________ $5,000-$7,499___________________ $7,500 and o v e r .----------------- . . . 608 1,154 1,392 1,512 1,836 1,924 1,636 1,408 1,818 538 492 466 426 184 26 70 85 159 162 176 161 151 192 96 84 103 74 49 —$20 -8 1 -5 8 -2 3 -1 1 -2 60 102 221 336 399 714 968 3,923 62 41 51 52 56 63 65 60 75 82 78 90 90 96 38 58 45 47 42 37 34 40 24 18 22 10 10 4 $40 76 84 113 142 165 241 363 381 502 636 835 1,257 4,157 $118 192 225 173 217 290 281 295 278 402 465 398 1,750 1, 405 $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250-$2,499_____ ___________ $2,500-$2,999___________________ 608 814 846 786 850 670 562 356 392 26 41 46 47 35 45 33 30 38 -2 1 -9 2 -3 8 -3 -6 1 10 152 82 363 62 39 53 55 52 60 61 65 87 38 61 42 45 48 40 39 35 10 40 82 89 94 114 154 373 351 428 120 203 202 123 249 203 192 417 102 $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250-$2,499___________________ $2,500-$2,999___________________ 340 546 458 630 790 724 610 746 29 39 30 43 36 36 34 33 -5 7 -8 9 -6 1 31 -2 1 13 74 180 45 49 43 62 67 71 54 72 52 49 57 38 33 29 46 28 62 75 155 136 167 165 361 356 164 257 226 139 404 357 263 276 $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$l,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250-$2,499___________________ $2,500-$2,999___________________ $3,000-$3,499___________________ $3,500-$3,999___________________ $4,000-$4,999___________________ $5,000-$7,499___________________ $7,500 and o v e r .__ . . . _ . . . 130 178 196 138 154 208 154 122 104 156 78 33 29 37 26 27 45 32 35 43 33 24 -4 106 23 -7 0 272 161 414 385 797 1,073 4, 219 66 62 66 60 73 70 85 82 89 96 93 34 25 34 40 27 27 15 18 11 4 7 133 271 207 184 443 399 561 605 972 1,150 4, 599 273 248 328 447 199 443 423 626 575 651 603 $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250-$2,499___________________ $2,500-$2,999___________________ $3,000-$3,499___________________ $3,500-$3,999___________________ $4,000-$4,999___________________ $5,000-$7,499___________________ $7,500 and over________. . . . . . See d . 145 for notes on this ta ble. 84 94 156 126 186 332 278 274 292 226 82 28 26 32 33 31 39 31 28 30 22 13 -8 60 67 59 51 188 366 332 692 875 3,995 63 74 72 61 53 72 85 74 90 85 98 33 22 28 39 47 28 15 26 10 15 2 89 137 148 211 350 362 524 594 804 1,378 4,186 195 186 138 179 292 249 500 424 307 1,973 3, 792 Occupational group: Wage earner Clerical Independent business and professional Salaried business 111 TABULAR SUMMARY A T L A N T A , G A. T 1-A.— Net surplus or deficit: Percentage of families having a surplus or deficit, and average amounts reported, hy occupation, family type, and income, in 1 year, 1935— — Continued 36 able N um ber of fam ilies Occupational group, familytype, and incom e class (1) A verage net sur plus or R eporting deficit Eligible expendi (-) tures (2) (3) (4) Percentage of fam Average am ount for ilies having — fam ilies having— Surplus D eficit Surplus D eficit (5) (6) (7) (8) Salaried professional 54 84 112 86 102 140 106 96 70 44 24 21 29 26 33 29 37 33 21 30 19 12 —$61 -1 4 2 -8 7 61 174 211 143 608 685 1,083 2, 711 26 32 42 60 75 77 69 86 94 100 100 65 68 54 34 25 23 31 14 6 $104 172 154 258 304 366 331 778 763 1,083 2,711 $135 289 279 273 223 300 272 403 431 $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250-12,499___________________ $2,500-$2,999___________________ $3,000-$3,499___________________ $3,500-$3,999___________________ $4,000-$4,999___________________ $5,000-$7,499________________ _ $7,500 and over. ______ 172 320 450 390 536 540 444 434 494 144 118 98 86 48 7 15 19 34 33 37 31 27 40 18 14 17 16 10 -5 0 -9 7 -1 0 3 -3 4 -9 66 193 201 348 397 402 1,032 1, 372 5, 475 57 50 43 55 57 79 74 65 86 85 74 89 100 100 43 50 51 45 40 21 25 35 11 15 26 11 38 98 91 157 197 191 342 494 428 491 703 1,195 1, 372 5, 475 168 291 280 271 305 403 235 348 196 125 473 259 $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250-$2,499___________________ $2,500-$2,999___________________ $3,000-$3,499___________________ $3,500-$3,999___________________ $4,000-$4,999___________________ $5,000-$7,499___________________ $7,500 and o v e r .__ . . . __ _ . . . 238 470 580 640 692 720 540 458 530 172 162 146 104 36 9 32 34 75 59 68 73 58 80 31 41 37 25 18 20 -3 5 -3 7 -1 4 -3 4 -3 2 40 -6 224 404 385 854 914 4,900 67 40 59 47 51 46 66 50 78 84 78 90 94 94 33 57 41 52 48 53 34 50 22 16 22 10 6 6 46 59 75 87 111 171 209 298 356 569 637 970 1,024 5, 411 33 103 196 106 189 208 282 306 231 463 535 167 662 3, 714 $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $l,50O-$l,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250-$2,499___________________ $2,500-$2,999___________________ $3,000-$3,499___________________ $3,500-$3,999___________________ $4,000-$4,999___________________ $5,000-$7,499___________________ $7,500 and over_____________ 198 364 362 482 608 664 652 516 794 222 212 222 236 100 10 23 32 50 70 71 57 66 72 47 29 49 33 21 -4 3 -1 3 0 -3 6 -2 8 12 -2 5 -1 4 114 140 243 409 482 845 2,825 60 33 51 56 62 69 59 66 67 78 81 91 86 94 40 67 43 44 37 31 41 34 32 22 19 9 14 6 35 69 93 105 122 135 185 297 360 456 601 592 1, 318 3,036 160 229 193 200 170 381 300 236 317 498 394 633 1,965 603 $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250-$2,499___________________ $2,500-$2,999___________________ $3,000-$3,499___________________ $3,500-$3,999___________________ $4,000-$4,999___________________ $5,000-$7,499 _______ $7,500 and over __ __ Family type: Type I Types II and III Types I V and V T able 2.— Summary of family expenditure: Average money expenditure for specified groups of goods and services, by occupation, family type, and income, in 1 year, 1985-36 N um ber of fam ilies O ccupational group, fam ily typ e, and incom e class (1) A ver age num ber of R ep ort persons E ligi in g ex per ble pen d i fam ily tures (2) (3) (4) Household operation T otal Food (5) (6) Fur nish H ous Fuel, ings C loth ing 2 light, ing and equip and Other m ent refrig eration (10) (8) (9) (7) (11) 608 1, 154 1,392 1,512 1,836 1, 924 1,636 1,408 1,818 538 492 466 426 184 26 70 85 159 162 176 161 151 192 96 84 103 74 49 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 666 978 1,179 1,381 1,581 1,836 1,997 2,217 2, 387 2, 797 3,170 3, 567 4, 649 6, 922 303 368 389 448 492 549 586 612 683 753 802 845 1,019 1,446 105 158 185 215 229 278 270 322 295 392 434 465 462 576 68 84 85 98 101 106 110 115 125 135 141 158 184 229 27 44 54 75 100 133 132 164 193 266 293 367 520 728 (13) (14) (15) (18) Con For tribu m al tions Other edu and cation per item s sonal ta x es5 (19) (20) (21) (16) (17) $500-$749_____ ______ 608 $750-$999......... .............. 1,154 $1,000-$1,249__.........1,392 $1,250-$1,499___........... 1, 512 $.1,500-$1,749................. 1,836 24 43 74 63 84 71 92 76 80 92 98 96 140 227 47 85 118 135 153 182 209 245 267 293 351 436 530 763 6 24 84 83 114 155 197 226 211 272 345 374 593 494 10 21 21 33 31 37 31 31 39 34 40 47 29 89 16 24 30 33 35 43 43 48 52 60 74 73 84 125 12 40 35 64 77 89 105 123 163 135 168 202 340 758 16 23 26 32 47 47 52 64 67 92 116 126 187 269 12 25 27 36 44 41 48 49 44 55 53 61 72 89 8 11 12 13 15 18 18 20 22 27 30 35 39 53 1 2 2 4 6 9 17 9 17 27 19 36 59 92 9 22 28 44 44 69 74 95 117 153 190 225 362 878 2 4 9 5 9 9 13 18 12 11 16 21 29 106 2.4 2.4 2.2 2.3 3.0 1.8 2.6 2.3 2.6 2.8 1.2 1.1 1.0 .9 .9 0.2 .2 .2 .3 .4 1.4 2.2 2.4 3.2 2.8 0.3 .4 .8 .4 .6 Percentage of total m oney expenditures A ll families (12) Other Per edi trans sonal Mcal Recre T o R ead porta care care ation 4 bacco ing tion Average m oney expenditure in dollars A ll families $500-f749____________ $750-$999____________ $1,000-$1,249________ $1,250-$1,499 - -- -- $1,500-$1,749 ______ $1,750-$1,999________ $2,000-$2,249________ $2,250-$2,499________ $2,500-$2,999________ $3,000-$3,499________ $3,500-$3,999................. $4,000-$4,999________ $5,000-$7,499........... ..... $7,500 and over_____ A u to m o b ile 3 26 70 85 159 162 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.4 3.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 45.5 37.6 32.9 32.4 31.1 15.8 16.2 15.7 15.6 14.5 10.2 8.6 7.2 7.1 6.4 4.0 4.5 4.6 5.4 6.3 3.6 4.4 6.3 4.6 5.3 7.0 8.7 10.0 9.8 9.7 0.9 2.4 7.1 6.0 7.1 1.5 2.2 1.8 2.4 2.0 2.4 2.4 2.5 2.4 2.2 1.8 4.1 3.0 4.6 4.9 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES [W hite nonrelief fam ilies including husband and wife, both native born] 112 A TLAN TA, GA. $1,750-$1,999________ $2,009-$2,249________ $2,250-$2,499________ $2,500-$2,999________ $3,000-$3,499________ $3,500-$3,999_________ $4,000-$4,999________ $5,000-$7,499________ $7,500 and over_____ 1,924 1,636 1,408 1,818 538 492 466 426 184 176 161 151 192 96 84 103 74 49 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.7 3.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 29.9 29.4 27.6 28.7 26.9 25.3 23.7 22.0 20.9 15.2 13.5 14.5 12.4 14.0 13.7 13.1 10.0 8.3 5.8 5.5 5.2 5.2 4.8 4.4 4.4 4.0 3.3 7.2 6.6 7.4 8.1 9.5 9.2 10.3 11.2 10.5 8.4 9.8 10.2 8.9 9.7 10.9 10.5 12.7 7.1 2.0 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.2 1.3 1.3 .6 1.3 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.8 4.8 5.3 5.5 6.8 4.8 5.3 5.7 7.3 11.0 2.6 2.6 2.9 2.8 3.3 3.7 3.5 4.0 3.9 2.2 2.4 2.2 1.8 2.0 1.7 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.0 .9 .9 .9 1.0 .9 1.0 .8 .8 .5 .8 .4 .7 1.0 .6 1.0 1.3 1.3 3.8 3.7 4.3 4.9 5.5 6.0 6.3 7.8 12.7 .5 .6 .8 .5 .4 .5 .6 .6 1.5 26 41 46 47 35 45 33 30 38 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.7 667 988 1,163 1,349 1, 635 1,839 1,873 2,186 2.234 303 377 390 459 527 593 561 598 721 105 154 182 187 196 25.2 193 241 245 68 83 85 100 99 121 109 120 117 27 41 51 67 94 118 119 144 170 24 50 59 64 109 88 116 104 75 47 82 122 132 169 185 202 253 257 6 28 79 104 119 129 197 245 192 10 20 19 31 28 29 22 20 36 16 22 32 32 36 43 40 41 49 12 46 36 45 79 83 102 191 131 16 21 28 32 55 44 58 56 68 12 23 27 34 50 48 58 37 44 8 10 12 12 14 22 16 19 18 1 2 2 5 4 6 16 11 16 10 24 30 39 43 67 59 90 86 2 5 9 6 13 11 5 16 9 2.4 2.1 2.4 2.4 3.4 2.4 3.1 2.6 3.0 1.8 2.3 2.3 2.5 3.1 2.6 3.1 1.7 2.0 1.2 1.0 1.0 .9 .9 1.2 .9 .9 .8 0.1 .2 .2 .4 .2 .3 .9 .5 .7 1.5 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.6 3.6 3.1 4.1 3.9 0.3 .5 .8 A .8 .6 .3 .7 .4 Percentage of total m oney expenditures 608 814 846 786 850 670 562 356 392 26 41 46 47 35 45 33 30 38 3.3 3.4 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 45.6 38.3 33.5 34.0 32.2 32.2 30.0 27.3 32.3 15.7 15.6 15.6 13.9 12.0 13.7 10.3 11.0 10.9 10.2 8.4 7.3 7.4 6.1 6.6 5.8 5.5 5.2 4.0 4.1 4.4 5.0 5.7 6.4 6.4 6.6 7.6 3.6 5.1 5.1 4.7 6.7 4.8 6.2 4.8 3.4 7.0 8.3 10.5 9.8 10.3 10.1 10.8 11.6 11.5 0.9 2.8 6.8 7.7 7.3 7.1 10.4 11.2 8.6 1.5 2.0 1.6 2.3 1.7 1.6 1.2 .9 1.6 2.4 2.2 2.8 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.1 1.9 2.2 1.8 4.7 3.1 3.3 4.8 4.5 5.4 8.7 5.9 TABULAE SUMMARY 608 814 846 786 850 670 562 356 392 Wage earner $500-$749____________ $750 $999____________ $1,000-$1,249________ $1,250-$1,499________ $1,500-$1,749________ $1,750-$1,999________ $2,000-$2,249________ $2,250-$2,499________ $2,500-$2,999________ 9.9 10.5 11.1 11.1 10.5 11.1 12.2 11.4 11.0 A verage m oney expenditure in dollars Occupational group: Wage earner $500-$749____________ $750-$999____________ $1,000 $1,249________ $1,250-$1,499________ $1,500-$1,749________ $1,750-$1,999________ $2,000-$2,249________ $2,250-$2,499________ $2,500-$2,999________ 3.9 4.6 3.4 3.4 3.3 3.1 2.7 3.0 3.3 See p. 145 for notes on this table. CO T able 2 . — Sum m ary of fam ily expenditure: Average m oney expenditure for specified groups of goods and services , by occupation , fa m ily ty p e , and incom e, in 1 year , 1 93 5-36 —Continued Occupational group, fam ily type, and incom e class (1) Household operation A ver age num ber of R ep ort E ligi ing ex persons per ble pendi fam ily tures T otal Food H ous ing (3) 05) (6) (7) (2) (4) Fur nish ings C loth Fuel, and ing light, equip and Other m ent refrig eration (11) (10) (9) (8) 340 546 458 630 790 724 610 746 29 39 30 43 36 36 34 33 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.5 3.2 3.5 958 1,205 1, 447 1,533 1,856 2, 073 2, 260 2, 402 349 387 428 463 518 603 645 680 168 188 249 243 299 331 353 299 85 85 93 105 95 106 111 128 52 59 78 97 138 130 172 177 (13) (14) (15) (20) (21) (16) (17) (18) 28 23 33 44 52 47 71 64 31 29 43 41 34 41 57 42 12 13 15 14 16 20 20 23 2 2 3 7 10 21 8 19 18 26 53 41 73 85 98 135 3 8 4 6 8 23 28 21 2.9 1.9 2.3 2.9 2.8 2.3 3.1 2.7 3.2 2.4 3.0 2.7 1.8 2.0 2.5 1.7 1.3 1.1 1. 0 .9 .9 1.0 .9 .9 0.2 .2 .2 .4 .5 1.0 .4 .8 1.9 2.2 3.7 2.7 3.9 4.1 4.3 5.7 0.3 .7 .3 .4 .4 1.1 1.2 .9 (19) 25 95 71 69 63 84 49 85 93 112 152 148 183 214 251 270 16 90 59 122 186 174 200 206 22 25 39 34 44 38 36 47 26 28 35 35 43 45 56 51 28 35 92 64 94 111 105 155 Percentage of total m oney expenditures Clerical $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249____ $1,250-$1,499________ $1,500-$1,749________ $1,750-$l,999 ............. $2,000-$2,249________ $2,250-$2,499________ $2,500-$2,999________ (12) Con For tribu m al tions Other edu and cation per item s sonal taxes Average m oney expenditure in dollars Clerical $750-$999____________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499________ $1,500-$1,749______ $1,750-$1,999____ $2,000-$2,249____ $2,250-$2,499______ $2,500-$2,999________ A uto Other Per M ed i Recre T o R ead trans m o porta sonal cal ation bacco ing bile tion care care 340 546 458 630 790 724 610 746 29 39 30 43 36 36 34 33 3.3 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.5 3. 2 3.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 36.6 32.1 29.6 30.2 27.9 29.1 28.6 28.3 17.5 15.6 17.2 15.9 16.1 16.0 15.6 12.4 8.9 7.0 6.4 6.8 5.1 5.1 4.9 5.4 5.4 4.9 5.4 6.3 7.4 6.3 7.6 7.2 2.6 7.9 4.9 4.5 3.4 4.1 2.2 3.6 9.7 9.3 10.5 9.6 9.9 10.3 11.1 11.2 1.6 7.4 4.1 8.0 10.1 8.3 8.9 8.6 2.3 2.1 2.7 2.2 2.4 1.8 1.6 2.0 2.7 2.3 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.1 2.9 2.9 6.3 4.2 5.1 5.3 4.6 6.5 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES N um ber of fam ilies 114 A TL A N TA , GA. Independent business and professional $1,250-$1,499________ $1,500-$1,749________ $1,750-11,999________ $2,000-$2,249________ $2,250-$2,499________ $2,500-$2,999________ $3,000-$3,499________ $3,500-$3,999________ $4,000-$4,999________ $5,000-$7,499________ $7,500 and over_____ A verage m oney expenditure in dollars 130 178 196 138 154 208 154 122 104 156 78 33 29 37 26 27 45 32 35 43 33 24 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.7 4.0 1,348 1,428 1, 779 2,056 2,028 2,484 2, 574 3,158 3,407 4, 322 6, 594 452 455 563 633 531 714 704 844 814 1,006 1, 389 233 264 253 212 299 322 343 422 408 454 596 111 102 108 127 126 133 151 158 176 179 241 99 116 130 160 188 266 259 315 410 544 770 Independent business and professional 130 178 196 138 154 208 154 122 104 156 78 33 29 37 26 27 45 32 35 43 33 24 3.3 3.1 3.4 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.5 3.6 3.7 4.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 33.7 32.0 31.6 30.8 26.2 28.7 27.4 26.7 23.8 23.4 21.1 17.3 18.5 14.2 10.3 14.7 13.0 13.3 13.4 12.0 10.5 9.0 8.2 7.1 6.1 6.2 6.2 5.4 5.9 5.0 5.2 4.1 3.6 20 39 34 30 23 26 27 34 33 31 66 29 34 39 44 43 52 57 65 71 88 111 56 88 78 121 68 138 138 95 151 161 352 34 26 42 62 47 59 68 103 108 199 256 30 43 43 46 54 50 60 34 67 66 99 14 16 16 18 20 22 27 29 35 37 51 3 6 4 10 4 22 22 17 27 41 126 54 42 70 57 85 111 160 182 210 292 808 7 3 12 4 1 7 9 3 16 11 122 7.3 8.1 7.3 7.8 9.3 10.7 10.1 10.0 12.0 12.6 n. 7 2.4 2.2 3.4 2.9 2.5 2.8 2.2 3.9 2.7 3.6 3.9 8.2 7.4 10.3 9.4 10.4 10.7 9.9 11.5 12.2 12.1 11.7 4.6 4.0 8.1 13.6 13.7 9.0 9.3 11.7 10.9 12.3 8.8 1.5 2.7 1.9 1.4 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.0 .7 1.0 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.1 2-1 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.7 4.2 6.2 4.4 5.9 3.4 5.6 5.4 3.0 4.4 3.7 5.3 2.5 1.8 2.4 3.0 2.3 2.4 2.6 3.3 3.2 4.6 3.9 2.2 3.0 2.4 2.2 2.7 2.0 2.3 1.1 2.0 1.5 1.5 1.0 1.1 .9 .9 1.0 .9 1.0 .9 1.0 .9 .8 0.2 .4 .2 .5 .2 .9 .9 .5 .8 .9 1.9 4.0 2.9 3.9 2.8 4.2 4.5 6.2 5.8 6.2 6.8 12.3 0.5 .2 .7 .2 (*) .3 .3 .1 .5 .3 1.8 30 35 46 50 72 74 86 130 130 181 288 36 35 39 49 52 51 54 65 60 78 95 14 18 15 18 22 21 26 33 33 38 55 3 12 9 6 11 9 21 17 36 75 63 31 60 65 83 104 121 155 211 227 392 948 3 2 6 5 10 3 10 24 25 44 101 Average m oney expenditure in dollars 84 94 156 126 186 332 278 274 292 226 82 28 26 32 33 31 39 31 28 30 22 13 3.5 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 1, 377 1,528 1,748 2,027 2, 321 2,429 2,842 3, 236 3,604 4,926 7, 675 453 445 510 561 603 618 785 814 845 1,029 1,603 265 294 292 300 382 304 412 458 481 459 590 107 104 87 113 110 126 128 136 152 190 221 *Average am ounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. 62 58 144 280 278 224 239 370 373 533 581 Percentage of total m oney expenditures Salaried business $1,250-$1,499_____ $1,500-$1,749______ $1,750-$1,999______ $2,000-$2,249______ $2,250-$2,499______ $2,500-$2,999_______ $3,000-$3,499______ $3,500-$3,999______ $4,000-$4,999______ $5,000-$7,499_______ $7,500 and over____ 111 105 183 193 210 267 254 364 416 523 769 TABULAR SUMMARY $1,250-$1,499_____ $1,500-$1,749_____ $1,750-$1,999____ $2,000-$2,249________ $2,250-$2,499________ $2,500-$2,999_____ $3,000-$3,499________ $3,500-$3,999_____ _ $4,000-$4,999________ $5,000-$7,499________ $7,500 and over_____ 33 31 60 59 51 71 56 123 92 157 257 85 123 140 152 159 201 264 292 348 506 724 43 61 51 73 119 76 103 83 89 136 211 114 128 174 217 244 265 313 349 446 551 767 48 67 166 258 256 231 258 310 397 658 456 36 39 26 28 26 30 40 43 46 25 109 34 75 34 71 82 40 45 69 48 103 56 243 61 126 80 191 73 216 84 480 152 1,292 Cn A TL A N T A , GA. T able 2 . — Sum m ary of fam ily expenditure: Average m oney expenditure for specified groups of goods and services, by occupation , fa m ily ty p e , and incom e , in 1 ye a r , 1 9 3 5 -3 6 —Continued Occupational group, fam ily typ e, and incom e class (1) A ver age num ber of R ep ort E ligi ing ex persons per ble pendi fam ily tures (2) (3) (4) T otal Food (5) (6) Fur nish H ous Fuel, ings C loth ing and ing light, equip and Other m ent refrigei ation (8) (9) (10) (ID (7) 84 94 156 126 186 332 278 274 292 226 82 28 26 32 33 31 39 31 28 30 22 13 3.5 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.5 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.6 3.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 32.9 29. 2 29.3 27.6 26.1 25.5 27 7 25.2 23.4 20.9 20.9 19.3 19.2 16.7 14.7 16.5 12.5 14.5 14.2 13.3 9.3 7.7 7.8 6.8 5.0 5.8 4.7 5.2 4.5 4.2 4.2 3.8 2.9 6.2 8.0 8.0 7.5 6.9 8.3 9.3 9.0 9.6 10.3 9.4 (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) 2.2 2.3 2.6 2.5 3.1 3.0 3.0 4.0 3.6 3.7 3.8 2.6 2.3 2.2 2.4 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.0 1.7 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.2 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 1.0 .9 .8 .7 0.2 .8 .5 .3 .5 .4 .7 .5 1.0 1.5 .8 2.3 3.9 3.7 4.1 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.5 6.3 7.9 12.4 0.2 .1 .3 .2 .4 .1 .4 .7 .7 .9 1. 3 27 51 41 50 58 32 31 39 41 33 15 18 16 21 24 14 11 39 20 11 42 57 64 85 98 4 4 9 7 3 (21) 3.1 4.0 2.9 3.6 5.1 3.1 3.6 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.7 8.3 8.4 10.0 10.7 10.5 10.9 11.0 10.8 12.4 11.2 10.0 3.4 4.4 9.4 12.7 11.0 9.5 9.1 9.6 11.1 13.4 5.9 2.6 2.6 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.2 1.4 L3 1.3 .5 1.4 2.5 2.2 2.3 2.2 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.5 2.0 1.7 2.0 5.4 4.6 4.7 3.4 4.4 10.0 4.4 5.9 6.0 9.7 16.9 Average m oney expenditure in dollars Salaried professional $1,250-$1,499________ $1,500-$1,749________ $1,750-$1,999________ $2,000-$2,249-........... $2^50-$2,499— ......... (12) C on For tribu m al tions O ther edu and cation per item s sonal taxes Percentage of total m oney expenditures Salaried business $1,250-$1,499________ $1,500-$l, 749________ $1,750-$1,999________ $2,000-$2,249________ $2,25Q-$2,499________ $2,500-$2,999________ $3,000-$3,499________ $3,500-$3,999________ $4,000-$4,999________ $5,000-$7,499________ $7,500 and over_____ Other A uto trans Per M edi R ecre T o R ead m o porta sonal cal ation bacco ing bile tion care care 54 84 112 86 102 21 29 26 33 29 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.2 1, 382 1,775 1,907 1,995 2,162 452 484 539 559 605 254 319 312 295 351 81 96 111 109 117 74 108 186 154 158 44 88 51 81 102 128 146 177 224 228 56 176 90 156 164 36 20 54 35 54 30 35 49 50 44 93 131 130 108 112 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES H ousehold operation N um ber of fam ilies 05 $2,500-?2,999________ $3,000-$3,499________ $3,500-$3,999________ $4,000-$4,999________ $5,000-$7,499________ $7,500 and over_____ 140 106 96 70 44 24 37 33 21 30 19 12 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.6 2,493 3,007 3,000 3,649 4,386 5,421 703 739 716 889 1,017 1,093 350 411 380 479 501 467 123 132 132 155 171 214 215 282 269 379 505 606 54 84 112 86 102 140 106 96 70 44 24 21 29 26 33 29 37 33 21 30 19 12 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.8 3.8 3.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 32.7 27.3 28.3 28.0 28.1 28.3 24.5 23.8 24.4 23.3 20.2 18.4 18.0 16.4 14.8 16.3 14.1 13.7 12.7 13.1 11.5 8.6 5.9 5.4 5.8 5.5 5.4 4.9 4.4 4.4 4.2 3.9 3.9 5.3 6.1 9.8 7.7 7.3 8.6 9.4 9.0 10.4 11.5 11. 2 231 356 416 281 464 339 40 26 38 70 41 97 59 66 66 75 79 80 131 152 197 222 256 249 77 144 91 141 181 241 36 47 43 57 66 36 25 31 24 42 52 59 18 48 28 49 38 88 110 139 138 245 453 863 9 18 11 10 15 73 3.2 5.0 2.7 4.1 4.7 3.4 3.9 3.6 3.6 2.3 3.4 9.3 8.2 9.3 11.2 10.5 11.2 9.9 11.4 11.6 10.1 13.5 4. 1 9.9 4.7 7.8 7.6 9.2 11.9 13.9 7.7 10.6 6. 3 2.6 1. 1 2.8 1.8 2.5 1.6 .9 1.3 1.9 .9 1.8 2.2 2.0 2.6 2.5 2.0 2.4 2.2 2. 2 2.0 1.8 1.5 6.7 7.4 6.8 5.4 5.3 5.3 5.0 6.6 6. 1 5.8 4.6 1.9 2.9 2.1 2.5 2.7 3.1 4.8 3.0 3.9 4. 1 4.4 2.3 1.7 2.0 2.0 1.5 1.4 1.6 1.4 1.6 1.5 .7 1.1 1.0 .8 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.0 .8 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 .6 2.0 1.0 .5 .7 1.6 .9 1.3 .9 1.6 3.0 3.2 3.4 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.6 4.6 6.7 10. 3 15.9 0.3 .2 .5 .4 .1 .4 .6 .4 .3 .3 13 7 31 15 24 50 39 38 68 63 72 86 120 182 196 11 31 36 34 50 39 46 50 42 60 77 74 58 64 9 12 12 15 14 17 17 20 26 28 26 36 50 50 13 22 39 75 39 91 118 113 149 191 346 193 467 1,475 5 6 7 2 6 7 8 11 2 3 8 16 9 30 172 320 450 390 536 540 444 434 494 144 118 98 86 48 7 15 19 34 33 37 31 27 40 18 14 17 16 10 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 709 1,000 1,238 1,362 1,579 1,765 1,874 2,143 2, 263 2, 701 3,202 3, 405 4, 350 7, 513 306 320 348 407 432 434 509 569 594 619 688 668 850 1,366 113 191 205 242 262 300 275 352 318 432 458 549 526 461 72 73 78 86 84 81 74 78 101 121 98 125 144 231 44 49 70 90 112 129 128 150 164 287 221 333 519 644 24 57 125 74 113 75 107 77 67 90 110 71 77 156 49 90 96 126 144 144 183 247 247 239 351 403 500 62' 1 20 122 49 132 218 194 185 186 373 378 488 571 340 18 24 18 36 29 27 33 26 42 16 41 50 41 153 19 18 51 23 32 35 28 74 34 78 117 41 39 104 45 152 53 204 60 110 233 77 71 208 85 268 145 1, 576 (*) (•) C) 6 1 5 4 3 1 H i > W d f > £ SUMMARY Average m oney expenditure in dollars Family type: Type I $500-$749____________ $750-$999....... ......... $1,000-$1,249________ $1,250-$1,499________ $1,500-$1,749________ $1,750-$1,999________ $2,000-$2,249.........____ $2,250-$2,499________ $2,500-$2,999________ $3,000-$3,499________ $3,500-$3,999________ $4,000-$4,999 ____ $5,000-$7,499________ $7,500 and ov er.. 280 299 343 422 445 730 Percentage of total m oney expenditures Salaried professional $1,250-Sl,499________ $1,500-$1,749________ $1,750-$1,999________ $2,000-$2,249________ $2.250-$2,499________ $2,500-$2,999________ $3,000-13,499________ $3,500-$3,999________ $4,000 $4,999________ $5,000-$7,499________ $7,500 and over_____ 86 117 108 133 102 186 *Average am ounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not show n. ^3 A TLA N TA , GA. T able 2 . —Summary of fam ily expenditure: Average m oney expenditure fo r specified groups of goods and services, by occupation, fa m ily type, and incom e, in 1 year, 1985—36 —Continued O ccupational group, fam ily typ e, and incom e class 0) A ver age num ber of R ep ort E ligi ing ex persons per ble pendi fam ily tures (2) (3) (4) Household operation T otal Food (5) (6) Fur n ish H ous Fuel, ings C loth ing ing and light, and Other equip m ent refrig eration (10) (7) (8) (9) (11) 172 320 450 390 536 540 444 434 494 144 118 98 86 48 7 15 19 34 33 37 31 27 40 18 14 17 16 10 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 43. 2 32.0 28.1 29.9 27.3 24.6 27.2 26. 6 26.2 22.9 21.5 19.6 19.5 18.2 15.9 19.1 16.5 17.8 16.6 17.0 14.7 16 5 14.1 16.0 14.3 16.1 12.1 6.1 10. 2 7.3 6.3 6.3 5.3 4.6 4.0 36 4.5 4. 5 3.1 3.7 3.3 31 6. 2 4.9 5.6 6.6 7.1 7.3 6.8 7.0 7.2 10.7 6.9 9.8 11.9 8.6 (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) 3.4 5.7 10.1 5.4 7.2 4.3 5.7 36 3.0 3.3 3.4 2.1 1.8 2.1 6.9 9* 0 7.8 9.3 9 .i 8.2 9.8 11. 5 10.9 8.8 11.0 11.8 11.5 8.3 0.1 2.0 9.9 3.6 8.3 12.3 10.3 8. 6 8 .2 13.8 11.8 14.3 13.2 4.6 2. 5 2.4 1.4 2.6 1.8 1.5 1.8 1.2 1.9 .6 1.3 1.5 .9 2.0 2. 5 2.3 2.6 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.1 2 1 2.3 2 .2 2.4 2.1 2.0 1.9 2. 7 5.1 2.8 5.4 4.9 6.6 5.6 7.1 9 .0 4.1 7.3 6.1 6.2 21.0 1.0 3.1 1.2 1.8 3.2 2.2 2.0 3.2 2.8 2.7 2.7 3. 5 4.2 2.6 1. 6 3.1 2.9 2.5 3.2 2.2 2.4 2.3 1.9 2.2 2.4 2.2 1.3 .8 1.3 1.2 1.0 1.1 .9 1.0 .9 .9 1.1 1.0 .8 1.0 1.1 .7 22 23 33 42 51 58 56 14 30 26 34 50 47 48 6 11 12 13 17 21 21 .1 .1 (*) 1.8 2.2 3.2 5.5 2.5 5.2 6.3 5.3 6.6 7.1 10.8 5.7 10.7 19.6 0. 7 .6 .6 .1 .4 .4 .4 .5 .1 .1 .2 .5 .2 .4 1 2 2 6 5 9 6 5 26 26 39 45 72 54 2 3 8 5 8 8 9 (*) (*) (*) 0.3 (*) .2 Average m oney expenditure in dollars Types II and III $500-$749.................. $750-$999._......... .......... $1,000-$1,249___........... $1,250-$1,499________ $1,500-$1,749________ $1,760-$1,999________ $2,000-$2,249________ (12) C on For tribu mal tions O ther edu and cation per item s sonal taxes Percentage of total m oney expenditures Type 1 $500-$749__.................... $750-$999____ _____ $1,000-$1,249________ $1,250-$1,499________ $1,500-$1,749________ $1,750-$1,999________ $2,000-$2,249________ $2,250-$2,499__............. $2,500-$2,999________ $3,000-$3,499________ $3,500-$3,999________ $4,000-$4,999________ $5,000-$7,499________ $7,600 and over_____ Other A uto trans Per M edi Recre T o R ead m o porta sona] cal ation bacco ing bile tion care care 238 470 580 640 692 720 540 9 32 34 75 59 68 73 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 619 924 1,166 1,387 1,605 1, 886 2,026 281 370 390 453 497 563 590 105 125 186 200 231 287 276 67 79 87 103 106 107 116 18 39 47 70 104 144 136 23 33 54 64 79 68 111 39 80 132 135 155 189 217 9 34 72 107 122 151 198 2 13 26 26 28 25 19 14 24 29 33 37 43 42 11 32 36 57 69 94 127 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES N um ber of fam ilies 00 125018°— 40 ------- 9 $2,250-$2,499________ $2,500-$2,999________ $3,000-$3,499________ $3,500-$3,999„............ $4,000-$4,999________ $5,000-$7,499________ $7,500 and over_____ 458 530 172 162 146 104 36 58 80 31 41 37 25 18 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.6 2,361 2, 362 2, 799 3,171 3,492 4,670 6,492 621 651 744 778 829 1,007 1,274 365 290 433 447 449 499 604 122 126 116 151 157 184 260 190 212 242 355 393 604 781 9 32 34 75 59 68 73 58 80 31 41 37 25 18 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.4 3.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 45.3 40.1 33.5 32.7 31.0 29.9 29.2 26.3 27.6 26.6 24.6 23.7 21.6 19.6 17.0 13.5 16.0 14.4 14.4 15.3 13.6 15.5 12.3 15.5 14.1 12.9 10.7 9.3 10.8 8.6 7.5 7.4 6.6 5.7 5.7 5.2 5.3 4.1 4.8 4.5 3.9 4.0 31 25 30 32 30 24 39 52 52 65 64 64 86 121 132 117 157 165 184 295 618 69 77 132 144 97 230 262 49 44 58 42 55 53 67 22 22 27 33 35 35 47 15 13 20 9 39 84 62 102 135 139 151 252 375 692 15 11 9 10 15 7 74 2.9 4.2 4.0 5.0 6.5 7.6 6.8 8.0 9.0 8.6 11.2 11.3 13.0 12.1 3.7 3.6 4.6 4.7 4.9 3.6 5.3 3.9 3.4 2.8 4.1 3.0 3.3 4.4 6.3 8.7 11.3 9.7 9.7 10.0 10.9 9.6 12.3 11.4 9.8 11.3 10.5 11.9 1.5 3.6 6.2 7.7 7.6 8.0 9.7 11.0 9.1 8.2 11.0 11.3 11.7 8.2 0.3 1.4 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.3 .9 1.3 1.0 1.1 1.0 .8 .5 .6 2.3 2.6 2.5 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.0 2.2 2.2 2.3 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.8 3.5 3.1 4.1 4.3 5.0 6.2 5.6 5.0 5.6 5.2 5.3 6.3 3. 5 2.5 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.1 2.8 2.9 3.2 4.7 4.5 2.8 4.9 4.0 2.3 3.2 2.2 2.5 3.1 2.5 2.5 2.1 1.9 2.1 1.3 1.6 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.0 .9 1.1 1.1 1.0 .9 .9 1.0 1.0 1.0 .7 .7 0.2 .2 .2 .4 .3 .4 .3 .6 .6 .7 .3 1.1 1.8 1.0 0.8 2.8 2.2 2.8 2.8 3.8 2.7 4.3 5.7 5.0 4.8 7.2 8.1 10.7 0.3 .3 .7 .4 .5 .4 .4 .6 .5 .3 .3 .4 .1 1.1 9.5 16 16 29 25 40 42 59 56 62 75 112 149 171 306 11 14 22 42 33 34 48 48 46 49 49 59 87 109 8 10 12 13 13 16 18 19 19 27 31 35 36 57 3 3 5 5 12 12 37 11 26 49 35 50 68 148 11 18 19 26 46 49 60 75 85 140 130 223 318 658 1 4 12 8 13 13 20 27 20 19 26 26 45 155 Average m oney expenditure in dollars 198 364 362 482 608 664 652 516 794 222 212 222 236 100 10 23 32 50 70 71 57 66 72 47 29 49 33 21 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 4. 5 4.5 4.4 4.6 687 1,032 1,127 1,391 1, 557 1,840 2,054 2,153 2,481 2, 860 3,152 3, 687 4,749 6,794 326 410 437 476 539 628 633 641 761 847 884 933 1,086 1,546 97 171 157 217 199 251 261 260 283 334 410 437 422 622 66 100 92 102 112 126 128 140 140 159 157 173 199 216 *Average am ounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not show n. 259 216 229 349 393 545 534 24 47 44 68 84 125 131 152 199 271 285 364 483 749 26 42 40 50 64 68 66 62 88 102 68 101 158 241 56 89 124 142 156 206 220 259 263 309 382 477 559 825 8 14 53 77 89 107 197 229 224 240 324 312 620 554 12 28 19 40 38 56 40 34 46 48 45 56 27 76 16 23 28 36 35 45 47 50 52 58 79 80 84 117 6 43 34 64 84 62 89 90 167 133 135 212 386 415 TABULAR SUMMARY 238 470 580 640 692 720 540 458 530 172 162 146 104 36 Types I V and V $500-$749____________ $750-$999____________ $1,000-$1,249________ $1,250-$1,499________ $1,500-$1,749________ $1,75Q-$1,999________ $2,000-$2,249________ $2,250-$2,499________ $2,500-$2,999________ $3,000-$3,499________ $3,500-$3,999________ $4,000-$4,999________ $5,000-$7,499________ $7,500 and over_____ 226 291 318 312 394 488 774 Percentage of total m oney expenditures Types II and III $500-$749____________ $750-$999____________ $1,000-$1,249________ $1,250-$1,499________ $1,500-$1,749__........... $1,750-$1,999________ $2,000-$2,249________ $2,250-$2,4S9________ $2,500-$2,999________ $3,000-$3,499________ $3,500-$3,999________ $4,000-$4,999________ $5,000-$7,499________ $7,500 and over_____ 91 80 80 129 106 154 283 O T a b l e 2. — Summary of family expenditure: Average money expenditure for specified groups of goods and services, by occupation, fam ily type, and income, in 1 year, 1935-36 — Continued (1) A ver age num ber of R ep ort E ligi ing ex persons per ble pendi fam ily tures (2) (3) (4) H ousehold operation T otal Food (5) (6) Fur nish H ous Fuel, ings C loth ing ing and light, and Other equip m ent refrig eration (8) (7) (10) (11) (9) (12) Other Per edi trans sonal Mcal R ecre T o R ead porta care care ation bacco ing tion (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) Con For tribu m al tions Other edu and cation per item s sonal taxes (19) (20) (21) Percentage of total m oney expenditures Types I V and V $500-$749______ _____ $750-$999-__.................. $1,000-$1,249...... .......... $1,250-$1,499________ $1,500-$1,749_-............. $1,750-$1,999________ $2,000-$2,249...... .......... $2,250-$2,499________ $2,500-$2,999...... .......... $3,500-$3,499________ $3,600-$3,999...... .......... $4,000-$4,999...... .......... $5,000-$7,499________ $7,500 and over-------- A uto m o bile 198 364 362 482 608 664 652 516 794 222 212 222 236 100 10 23 32 5Q 70 71 57 66 72 47 29 49 33 21 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.5 4.4 4.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 47.5 39.7 38.8 34.2 34.7 34.2 30.9 29.8 30.7 29.6 28.1 25.3 22.9 22.8 14.1 16.6 13.9 15.6 12.8 13.6 12.7 12.1 11.4 11.7 13.0 11.9 8.9 9.2 9.6 9.7 8.2 7.3 7.2 6.8 6.2 6.5 5.6 5.6 5.0 4.7 4.2 3.2 3.5 4.5 3.9 4.9 5.4 6.8 6.4 7.0 8.0 9.5 9.0 9.9 10.2 11.0 3.8 4.1 3.5 3.6 4.1 3.7 3.2 2.9 3.5 3.6 2.2 2.7 3.3 3.5 8.2 8.6 11.0 10.2 10.0 11.2 10.7 12.0 10.6 10.8 12.1 12.9 11.8 12.2 1.2 1.4 4.7 5.5 5.7 5.8 9.6 10.7 9.1 8.4 10.2 8.4 13.0 8.1 1.7 2.7 1.7 2.9 2.4 3.0 1.9 1.6 1.9 1.7 1.4 1.5 .6 1.1 2.3 2.2 2.5 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.5 2.2 1.8 1.7 0.9 4.2 3.0 4.6 5.4 3.4 4.3 4.2 6.7 4.6 4.3 5.7 8.1 6.1 2.3 1.5 2.6 1.8 2.6 2.3 2.9 2.6 2.5 2.6 3.6 4.0 3.6 4.5 1.6 1.4 1.9 3.0 2.1 1.8 2.3 2.2 1.9 1.7 1.6 1.6 1.8 1.6 1.2 1.0 1.1 .9 .8 .9 .9 .9 .8 .9 1.0 1.0 .8 .8 0.4 .3 .4 .4 .8 .7 1.8 .5 1.0 1.7 1.1 1.4 1.4 2.2 1.6 1.7 1.7 1.9 3.0 2.7 2.9 3.5 3.4 4.9 4.1 6.1 6.7 9.7 0.1 .4 1.1 .6 .8 .7 1.0 1.2 .8 .7 .8 .7 .9 2.3 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES N u m b er of fam ilies O ccupational group, fam ily typ e, and incom e class 120 AT LA N T A , GA. 121 TABULAR SUMMARY A T L A N T A , GA. 3. — Food: Average value of all fa m ily food , money expenditure for food at home and aw ay from home , average value of food home-produced or received as gift or p a y , and money expense per meal per food expenditure un it, by occupation, fa m ily type , and incom e , in 1 year , 1935-86 T able [W hite nonrelief fam ilies including husband and wife, both native born] A verage expenditure Percentage of Average Average expenditure value of for food purchased m on ey for food food expendi Average O ccupational hom e- ture per value group, fam ily pro of all m duced per eal type, and incom e R eport fam ily food or re class ing ex A t A w ay A t A w ay ceived expendi food Eligible pendi A ll home from hom e from hom e1 hom e as gift uture 3 tures n it or pay (8) (10) (5) (9) (2) (3) (6) (7) (4) (1) (11) N um ber of fam ilies A ll families $500-$749__________ $750-$999__________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-11,999_______ $2,000-$2,249_______ $2,250-$2,499_______ $2,500-$2,999_______ $3,000-$3,499_______ $3,500-$3,999_______ $4,00G-$4,999_______ $5,000-$7,499_______ $7,500 and over___ 608 1,154 1, 392 1,512 1, 836 1,924 1, 636 1, 408 1,818 538 492 466 426 184 26 70 85 159 162 176 161 151 192 96 84 103 74 49 $308 376 411 461 502 563 592 631 706 768 827 887 1,055 1,480 $303 368 389 448 492 549 586 612 683 753 802 845 1,019 1,446 $292 338 350 392 425 462 478 519 554 604 633 674 821 1,144 $11 30 39 56 67 87 108 93 129 149 169 171 198 302 96.4 96.7 91.8 87.5 86.4 84.1 81.6 84.8 83.0 80.2 78.9 79.8 80.6 79.1 3.6 3.3 8.2 12.5 13.6 15.9 18.4 15.2 19.0 19.8 21.1 20.2 19.4 20.9 $5 8 22 13 10 14 6 19 23 15 25 42 36 34 $0,094 .113 .124 .135 .144 .158 .164 .181 .186 .180 .197 .201 .212 .290 608 814 846 786 850 670 562 356 392 26 41 46 47 35 45 33 30 38 308 385 407 466 535 607 567 612 727 303 377 390 459 527 593 561 598 721 292 343 347 407 450 510 464 518 585 11 34 43 52 77 83 97 80 136 96.4 91.0 89.0 88.7 85.4 86.0 82.7 86.6 81.1 3.6 9.0 11.0 11.3 14.6 14.0 17.3 13.4 18.9 5 8 17 7 8 14 6 14 6 .094 .116 .127 .133 .150 .164 .163 .169 .192 340 546 458 630 790 724 610 746 29 39 30 43 36 36 34 33 358 417 451 474 531 604 667 717 349 387 428 463 518 603 645 680 327 354 354 405 427 487 543 546 22 33 74 58 91 116 102 134 93.7 91.5 82.7 87.5 82.4 81.0 84.2 80.0 6.3 8.5 17.3 12.5 17.6 19.0 15.8 20.0 9 30 23 11 13 1 22 37 .108 .120 . 139 .137 .146 .164 .198 .185 130 178 196 138 154 208 154 122 104 156 78 this table. 33 29 37 26 27 45 32 35 43 33 24 452 422 467 473 455 401 563 577 470 641 633 500 531 474 550 726 599 714 704 583 711 851 844 666 828 814 637 806 1,030 1,006 1,399 1,389 1,036 30 54 93 133 57 115 121 178 177 200 353 93.4 88.1 83.5 79.0 89.3 83.9 82.8 78.9 78.2 80.1 74.6 6.6 11.9 16.5 21.0 10.7 16.1 17.2 21.1 21.8 19.9 25.4 15 18 14 8 19 12 7 7 14 24 10 .134 .141 .164 .158 .152 .175 .174 .198 .189 .213 .237 Occupational group: Wage earner $500-$749__________ $750-$999__________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249_______ $2,250-$2,499_______ $2,500-$2,999_______ Clerical $500-$749__________ $750-$999__________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999 _____ $2,000-$2,249_______ $2,250-$2,499_______ $2,500-$2,999_______ Independent busi ness and profes sional $1,250-$l, 499______ $1, 500-$l, 749______ $1, 750-$l, 999______ $2,000-$2, 249______ $2, 250-$2,499______ $2, 500-$2,999______ $3,000-$3,499______ $3, 500-$3,999______ $4,000-$4,999______ $5,000-$7,499............ $7,500 and over___ See p. 145 for notejs on 122 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES A T L A N T A , G A. T 3. — Food: Average value of all fa m ily food, m oney expenditure for food at home and aw ay from home, average value of food home-produced or received as gift or pay, and money expense per meal per food expenditure unit, by occupation, fa m ily type, and income, in 1 year, 1935— — Continued 86 able Average expenditure Percentage of Average A verage expenditure value of for food purchased m on ey for food food Average O ccupational hom e- expendi value ture per pro group, fam ily of all m duced per eal type, and incom e R eport fam ily food class or re ing ex A t A w ay A t A w ay ceived expendi food E ligible pendi A ll hom e from hom e from ture hom e as gift hom e tures u n it or p ay (6) (8) (5) (7) (9) (2) (3) (4) (10) 0) (ID N um ber of fam ilies Salaried business $1,250-$l, 499______ $1,500-$l, 749______ $1, 750-$l, 999______ $2,000-$2, 249______ $2,250-$2,499______ $2, 500-$2,999______ $3,000-$3,499______ $3, 500-$3,999______ $4,000-$4, 999______ $5,000-$7,499______ $7,500 and over___ 84 94 156 126 186 332 278 274 292 226 82 28 26 32 33 31 39 31 28 30 22 13 $465 $453 $410 367 445 453 510 420 527 561 488 578 603 495 617 618 510 636 785 617 800 814 630 849 685 845 897 831 1,074 1,029 1,660 1,603 1,332 $43 78 90 73 108 108 168 184 160 198 271 90.5 82.5 82.4 87.0 82.1 82.5 78.6 77.4 81.1 80.8 83.1 9.5 17.5 17.6 13.0 17.9 17.5 21.4 22.6 18.9 19.2 16.9 $12 8 17 17 14 18 15 35 52 45 57 $0.128 .141 .179 .171 .171 .176 .183 .208 .200 .212 .367 54 84 112 86 102 140 106 96 70 44 21 21 29 26 33 29 37 33 21 30 19 12 452 460 484 495 539 559 559 587 605 628 703 715 739 767 716 733 889 932 1,055 1,017 1,130 1,093 390 434 455 444 491 545 602 599 685 826 855 62 50 84 115 114 158 137 117 204 191 238 86.3 89.7 84.4 79.4 81.2 77.5 81.5 83.7 77.0 81.2 78.2 13.7 10.3 15.6 20.6 18.8 22.5 18.5 16.3 23.0 18.8 21.8 8 11 20 28 23 12 28 17 43 38 37 .140 .149 . 158 .181 .186 .210 .181 . 166 .220 .212 .201 172 320 450 390 536 540 444 434 494 144 118 98 86 48 7 15 19 34 33 37 31 27 40 18 14 17 16 ]0 306 291 316 320 283 325 348 366 287 355 418 407 432 344 436 434 359 437 509 351 513 569 480 573 594 440 599 464 622 619 688 728 466 668 521 697 680 887 850 1,377 1,366 1,243 15 37 61 52 88 75 158 89 154 155 222 147 170 123 95.1 88.4 82.5 87.2 79.6 82.7 69.0 84.4 74.1 75.0 67.7 78.0 80.0 91.0 4.9 11.6 17.5 12.8 20.4 17.3 31.0 15.6 25.9 25.0 32.3 22.0 20.0 9.0 10 5 18 11 4 3 4 4 5 3 40 29 37 11 .136 .148 . 156 .177 .183 .180 .220 .250 .259 .219 .267 .270 .285 .432 Salaried professional $1,250-SI, 499______ $1, 500-SI, 749______ $1, 750-$l, 999______ $2,000-$2, 249______ $2, 250-$2, 499______ $2, 500-$2,999______ $3,000-$3,499______ $3,500-$3, 999______ $4,000-1 4,999______ $ $ 5 ,000-$7,499______ $7,500 and over___ Family type: Type I $500-$749__________ $750-$999__________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249______ $2,250-$2,499_______ $2,600-$2,999_______ $3,000-$3,499______ $3,500-$3,999______ $4,000-$4,999______ $5,000-$7,499______ $7,500 and over___ TABULAR SUMMARY 123 A T L A N T A , GA. T a b l e 3 .— Food: Average value of all fa m ily food, m oney expenditure for food at home and aw ay from home, average value of food home-produced or received as gift or pay, and money expense per meal per food expenditure unit, by occupation , fa m ily type, and income, in 1 year, 1935— — Continued 36 A verage expenditure Percentage of Average Average expenditure value of for food purchased m oney for food food expendi Average O ccupational home- ture per value group, fam ily pro of all m typ e, and incom e duced per eal R eport fam ily food class or re ing ex A t A w ay A t A w ay ceived expendi food A ll hom e from hom e from Eligible pendi ture hom e hom e as gift tures un it or pay (6) (7) (5) (2) (3) (8) (4) (9) (10) (1) (ID N um ber of fam ilies Types II and III $500-$749__________ $750-$999__________ $1,000-$1,249______ $1,250-$1,499______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999______ $2,000-12,249______ $2,250-$2,499______ $2,500-12,999______ $3,000-$3,499_______ $3,500-$3,999______ $4,000-$4,999______ $5,000-$7,499______ $7,500 and over___ 238 470 580 640 692 720 540 458 530 172 162 146 104 36 9 32 34 75 59 68 73 58 80 31 41 37 25 18 $286 $281 380 370 390 413 462 453 506 497 563 580 597 590 621 657 667 651 744 765 798 778 829 877 1,029 1,007 1,303 1,274 $270 345 361 390 444 476 506 530 547 617 654 656 824 974 $11 25 29 63 53 87 84 91 104 127 124 173 183 300 96.1 93.2 92.6 86.1 89.3 84.5 85.8 85.3 83.7 82.9 84.1 79.1 81.8 76.5 3.9 6.8 7.4 13.9 10.7 15.5 14.2 14.7 16.3 17.1 15.9 20.9 18.2 23.5 $5 10 23 9 9 17 6 36 16 21 20 48 22 29 $0.083 .108 .116 .130 .138 .158 .158 .164 .170 .184 .181 .199 .212 .226 198 364 362 482 608 664 652 516 794 222 212 222 236 100 10 23 32 50 70 71 57 66 72 47 29 49 33 21 321 326 328 418 410 377 465 409 437 425 476 497 474 556 539 628 530 647 541 640 633 641 542 656 799 761 630 865 686 847 904 884 709 754 977 933 872 1,129 1,086 1,594 1,546 1,158 5 33 28 51 65 98 92 99 131 161 175 179 214 388 98.5 92.0 93.6 89.3 88.0 84.4 85.5 84.6 82.8 81.0 80.2 80.8 80.3 74.9 1.5 8.0 6.4 10.7 12.0 15.6 14.5 15.4 17.2 19.0 19.8 19.2 19.7 25.1 2 8 28 21 17 19 7 15 38 18 20 44 43 48 .069 .090 .098 .107 .118 .138 .133 .138 .151 . 152 . 170 .172 .186 .245 Types I V and V $500-$749__________ $750-$999__________ $1,000-$1,249______ $1,250-$1,499______ $1,500-$1,749______ $1,750-$1,999______ $2,000-$2,249______ $2,250-$2,499_____ $2,500-$2,999______ $3,000-$3,499______ $3,500-$3,999_______ $4,000-$4,999_______ $5,000-$7,499_______ $7,500 and over___ FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 124 A T L A N T A , G A. T able 4.— Housing: Average value of housing secured with and without money expenditure, by occupation, fam ily type, and income, in 1 year, 1985— 36 [W hite nonrelief fam ilies including husband and w ife, both n ative born] N um ber of fam ilies O ccupational group, fam ily type, and in com e class (1) E li gible R e port ing ex pendi tures A ver age value of all housing plus fuel, light, and re friger ation A ver age ex pense for fuel, light, and refrig era tion (2) (3) (4) (5) 608 1,154 1, 392 1, 512 1,836 1,924 1,636 1, 408 1,818 538 492 466 426 184 26 70 85 159 162 176 161 151 192 96 84 103 74 49 $178 252 291 339 378 435 445 508 529 635 736 799 920 1, 380 $68 $109 $105 $105 84 165 158 158 85 204 185 184 98 239 215 215 101 275 229 228 106 328 278 276 110 334 270 267 115 392 322 320 125 403 295 290 135 499 392 385 141 594 434 423 158 639 465 449 184 734 462 434 229 1,150 576 505 608 814 846 786 850 670 562 356 392 26 41 46 47 35 45 33 30 38 178 247 281 319 345 414 393 497 475 68 83 85 100 99 121 109 120 117 109 161 195 217 245 291 282 376 356 105 154 182 187 196 252 193 241 245 105 154 182 187 195 250 188 240 242 340 546 458 630 790 724 610 746 29 39 30 43 36 36 34 33 261 303 355 392 446 465 508 535 85 85 93 105 95 106 111 129 173 216 261 285 350 358 396 403 168 188 249 243 299 331 353 299 168 186 248 242 296 331 350 293 (*) 232 264 252 207 298 310 331 406 389 425 493 A verage value of housing secured 1 A ver age W ith ou t m oney value W ith m oney ex penditure expenditure of all hous in g All F am Other Owned R ent hous ily hous T otal h o m e 4 as p ay ing hom e2 ing 3 or gift (7) (8) (6) (9) (10) ( I D (12) Per centage of hous ing value secured w ith ou t m oney expend iture 8 (13) A ll families $500-$749______ $750-$999_______ $1,000-$1,249___ $1,250-$1,499___ $1,500-$1,749___ $1,750-$1,999----$2,000-$2,249___ $2,250-$2,499___ $2,500-$2,999___ $3,000-$3,499----$3,500-$3,999___ $4,000-$4,999___ $5,000-$7,499___ $7,500 and over. (*) $1 O 1 2 3 2 5 7 11 16 28 71 $4 7 19 24 46 50 64 70 108 107 160 174 272 574 $4 7 19 24 46 48 63 69 96 103 156 169 237 554 (*) (*) 1 2 5 1 3 4 7 13 30 49 39 89 135 111 4 7 13 30 49 39 89 135 111 3 6 5 28 12 42 51 27 43 104 5 28 12 42 51 27 43 88 1 1 5 1 12 12 16 19 29 103 26 64 71 142 80 143 211 187 296 339 499 26 64 70 142 80 103 211 186 296 339 499 (*) (•) $2 1 1 12 4 4 5 35 20 3.7 4. 2 9.3 10.0 16.7 15.2 19.2 17.9 26.8 21.4 26.9 27.2 37.1 49.9 O cc u p a tio n a l group: Wage earner $500-$749_______ $750-$999_______ $1,000-$1,249_— $1,250-$1,499.__. $1,500-$1,749___ $1,750-$1,999___ $2,000-$2,249___ $2,250-$2,499___ $2,500-$2,999___ 3.7 4.3 6.7 13.8 20.0 13.4 31.6 35.9 31.3 (*) Clerical $750-$999_______ $1,000-$1,249___ $1,250-$1,499___ $1,500-$1,749___ $1,750-$1,999___ $2,000-$2,249__ $2,250-$2,499___ $2,500-$2,999___ 2 1 1 3 16 16 2.9 13.0 4.6 14.7 14.6 10. 5 10.9 23.1 Independent business and professional 372 111 259 233 $1,250-$1,499___ 130 33 432 102 328 264 $1,500-$1,749___ 178 29 434 $1,750-$1,999___ 108 324 253 196 37 482 $2,000-$2,249_... 138 127 354 212 26 508 $2,250-$2,499__._ 154 27 126 379 299 208 45 600 $2,500-$2,999.___ 133 465 322 $3,000-$3,499___ 154 32 707 151 554 343 122 769 $3,500-$3,999___ 35 158 609 422 104 43 883 176 704 408 $4,000-$4,999___ 975 179 793 454 156 33 $5,000-$7,499----1,337 241 1,095 596 $7,500 and over. 78 24 See p. 145 for notes on this table. " verage am ounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than “A 0.1 are not show n. 1 40 1 10.0 19. 5 21.9 40.1 21.1 30.8 38.1 30.7 42.0 42.7 45.6 125 TABULAR SUMMARY A TLA N TA , GA. T 4.—Housing: A verage value of housing secured w ith and w ithout m oney expenditure , by occupation , fa m ily ty p e , and incom e , in 1 yea r , 1935— —Con. 36 able N um ber of fam ilies Occupational group, fam ily type, and in com e class (1) E li gible R e port ing ex pendi tures A ver age value of all housing plus fuel, light, and re friger ation A ver age ex pense for fuel, light, and refrig era tion (2) (3) (4) (5) $107 $271 $265 $264 104 332 294 293 87 336 292 290 113 376 300 298 110 415 382 380 126 418 304 303 128 458 412 408 136 599 458 450 152 615 481 467 190 707 459 434 221 1,198 590 550 Average value of housing secured A ver age W ith ou t m oney value W ith m oney ex penditure expenditure of all hous ing All Fam - Other R ent hous . i'y hous T otal Owned as pay hom e or gift ing hom e ing (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (ID (12) Per centage of hous ing valuesecured w ith ou t m oney expend iture (13) Salaried business $1,250-$1,499___ $1,500- $1,749._._ $1,750-$1,999___ $2,000-$2,249___ $2,250-$2,499___ $2,500-$2,999___ $3,000-$3,499___ $3,500-$3,999___ $4,000-$4,999___ $5,000-$7,499___ $7,500 and over. 84 94 156 126 186 332 278 274 292 226 82 28 26 32 33 31 39 31 28. 30 22 13 $380 438 423 490 527 546 587 736 769 899 1,419 54 84 112 86 102 140 106 96 70 44 24 21 29 26 33 29 37 33 21 30 19 12 387 432 497 477 530 526 661 696 794 830 1,378 $6 38 44 76 33 114 46 141 134 248 608 $6 38 44 76 32 108 46 141 134 183 579 51 13 73 72 61 52 116 182 158 157 696 49 13 42 59 45 52 97 164 122 157 642 113 14 191 12 24 205 241 34 1 261 38 1 298 2 64 274 55 1 351 50 1 314 4 79 419 98 13 437 21 98 540 9 125 497 29 344 14 803 447 0.1 are not show n. 14 12 24 34 38 61 55 50 68 98 98 125 344 803 $1 1 2 2 2 1 4 8 14 25 40 $1 6 65 29 Salaried professional $1,250-$1,499___ $1,500-$1,749___ $1,750-$1,999___ $2,000-$2,249___ $2,250-$2,499___ $2,500-$2,999___ $3,000-$3,499___ $3,500-$3,999___ $4,000-$4,999___ $5,000-$7,499___. $7,500 and over 81 305 96 332 111 385 109 367 117 412 123 402 132 527 132 562 155 637 171 658 214 1,163 254 319 312 295 351 350 411 380 479 501 467 253 317 311 288 349 346 404 366 461 463 389 1 2 1 7 2 4 7 14 18 38 78 2 31 13 16 19 18 36 54 2.2 11.4 13.1 20.2 7.9 27.3 10.0 23.5 21.8 35.1 50.8 16.7 3.9 19.0 19.6 14.8 12.9 22.0 32.4 24.8 23.9 59.8 Family type: Type I $500-$749 . 172 $750-$999_______ 320 $1,000-$1,249___ 450 $1,250-$1,499___ 390 $1,500-$1,749___ 536 $1,750-$1,999___ 540 $2,000-$2,249___ 444 $2,250-$2,499___ 434 $2,500-$2,999___ 494 $3,000-$3,499___ 144 $3,500-$3,999___ 118 $4,000-$4,999___ 98 $5,000-$7,499___ 86 $7,500 and over. 48 •A verage am ounts of less 7 72 127 113 200 279 73 203 191 15 19 308 78 229 205 34 364 86 276 242 385 84 300 262 33 446 81 364 300 37 31 405 74 330 275 481 78 402 352 27 498 40 101 397 318 652 121 530 432 18 14 654 98 556 458 800 125 674 549 17 144 870 526 16 1,016 10 1. 495 231 1. 264 461 than $1 and percentages of less than (*) 3 11 11.0 5.9 10.5 12.3 12.7 17.6 16.7 12.4 19.9 18.5 17.6 18.6 39.6 63.5 126 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES A TLA N TA , GA. T able 4.—H ou sing: A verage value of housing secured with and w ithout m oney expenditure, hy occupation, fa m ily ty p e, and incom e, in 1 year, 1935—86 —Con. N um ber of fam ilies O ccupational group, fam ily typ e, and in com e class (1) A ver age value of all housing plus fuel, ligh t, and re friger ation A ver age ex pense for fuel, ligh t, and refrig era tion A verage value of housing secured A ver age W ithout m oney value W ith m on ey ex penditure expenditure of all hous ing All F am Other R ent hous ily hous Total Owned as pay hom e or gift ing home ing (12) (6) (8) (7) (9) (10) (11) E li gible R e port ing ex pendi tures (2) (3) (4) (5) 238 470 580 640 692 720 540 458 530 172 162 146 104 36 9 32 • 34 75 59 68 73 58 80 31 41 37 25 18 $173 207 281 317 367 415 447 527 524 631 791 769 1,030 1,347 $67 $105 $105 $105 79 126 125 125 87 192 186 186 103 213 200 200 106 259 231 231 107 307 287 287 116 330 276 275 122 403 365 363 126 395 290 286 116 514 433 424 151 638 447 439 157 611 449 437 184 843 499 480 260 1, 086 604 551 (*) (*) (*) (*) (•) $1 2 4 9 8 12 19 53 $1 6 13 28 20 54 38 105 81 191 162 344 482 $1 5 13 28 20 54 37 87 81 191 151 202 415 198 364 362 482 608 664 652 516 794 222 212 222 236 100 10 23 32 50 70 71 57 66 72 47 29 49 33 21 165 285 283 351 387 449 470 519 546 628 739 817 836 1, 335 66 97 100 181 92 190 102 247 112 273 126 321 128 340 140 377 140 404 159 467 157 580 173 640 199 635 216 1,118 (*) 3 (*) 2 5 5 4 6 1 8 20 31 106 10 33 30 74 70 79 117 121 133 170 203 213 496 10 33 30 74 67 78 114 118 124 162 199 213 483 P er centage of hous ing value secured w ith o u t m oney expend iture (13) Types II and III $500-$749_______ $750-$999_______ $1,000-$1,249___ $1,250-$1,499----$1,500-$1,749----$1,750-$1,999____ $2,000-$2,249____ $2,250-$2,499____ $2,500-$2,999____ $3,000-$3,499____ $3,500-$3,999___ $4,000-$4,999___ $5,000-$7,499___ $7,500 and over. (*) 11 142 67 0.8 3.1 6.1 10.8 6.5 20.5 9.4 24.9 15.8 29.9 26.5 40.8 44.4 3 1 3 3 9 8 4 13 5. 5 17.4 12.1 27.1 21.8 23.2 31.0 30.0 28.5 29.3 31.7 33.5 44.4 $i l 18 Types I V and V $500-$749_______ $750-$999_______ $1,000-$1,249___ $1,250-$1,499___ $1,500-$1,749___ $1,750-$1,999___ $2,000-$2,249___ $2,250-$2,499___ $2,500-$2,999.___ $3,000-$3,499____ $3,500-$3,999_.__ $4,000-$4,999___ $5,000-$7,499___ $7,500 and over. 97 171 157 217 199 251 261 260 283 334 410 437 422 622 97 171 154 217 197 246 256 256 277 333 402 417 391 516 'Average am ounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not show n. 127 TABULAR SUMMARY A TLA N TA , GA. T 4-A .— M oney expenditure for fam ily h om e by ow ners and renters, and facilities in clu d ed in rent for fam ily h om e: B y occupation, fa m ily able type, and incom e, in 1 year, 1 9 8 5 -8 6 [W hite nonrelief fam ilies including husband and w ife, both n ative born] 26 46 47 49 60 71 85 69 72 15 7 6 14 43 47 51 82 77 64 54 76 17 19 13 ■ a8 2 So o£ © s (13) £ Refrigeration ^ Percentage w ith none of £ these facilities ineluded in rent 15 13 W ater 26 45 47 52 70 72 71 67 78 92 77 80 87 61 § 3 5 4 H L ight R a te r s 3 Oarage H om e owners 3 ta © M (8 ) s R enting g Furnishings O w ning & £u 3 R eporting expenditures ^ ) E ligible 0 g Occupational group, fam ily type, and incom e class ex Percentage of renters having specified Percentage Averagefor pense of fam ilies 1 fam ily hom e facilities included in rent * 1 N um ber of fam ilies A ll families $500-$749 $750-$999________ $1,000-$1,249__ $1,250-$1,499_____ $1,500-$1,749_____ $1,750-$1,999_____ $2,000-$2,249_____ $2,250-$2,499_____ $2,500-$2,999_____ $3,000-$3,499 $3,500-$3,999_____ $4,000-$4,999 $5,000-$7,499 $7,500 and over__ 608 1,154 1, 392 1, 512 1,836 1,924 1,636 1,408 1,818 538 492 466 426 184 26 70 85 159 161 176 161 151 192 96 84 103 74 49 4 9 18 18 26 27 33 35 40 43 51 59 66 88 96 $141 $104 90 128 165 82 139 190 79 160 227 72 151 256 72 190 310 64 161 312 63 227 364 57 184 372 53 243 495 44 263 612 38 355 585 32 332 679 9 497 847 10 10 22 26 37 30 39 33 39 54 55 38 39 6 8 10 2 6 5 8 6 8 4 12 8 10 2 10 4 6 3 57 46 60 53 47 53 50 53 42 46 61 56 38 39 5 4 6 9 15 5 20 3 9 28 21 37 42 35 35 1 6 2 6 6 2 10 8 2 16 25 19 13 20 12 12 8 4 2 2 39 Occupational group: Wage earner 19 25 29 49 58 49 96 87 89 77 75 69 48 37 46 141 142 123 124 119 206 126 192 192 3 29 14 24 25 17 27 36 97 71 69 75 81 73 64 168 177 154 177 219 274 154 $1,250-$1,499 34 130 33 $1,500-$1,749_____ 178 37 29 $1,750-$1,999_____ 196 37 36 62 $2,000-$2,249_____ 138 26 $2,250-$2,499 154 27 37 $2,500-$2,999_____ 208 45 36 $3,000-$3,499 154 32 64 $3,500-$3,999_____ 122 35 58 84 $4,000-$4,999 104 43 84 $5,000-$7,499 156 33 $7,500 and over___ 78 24 100 See p . 146 for notes on th is table. 60 63 64 29 63 54 36 36 12 16 $500-$749 _______ $750-$999______ $1,000-$1,249_____ $1,250-$1,499_____ $1,500-$1,749_____ $1,750-$1,999_____ $2,000-$2,249_____ $2,250-$2,499_____ $2,500-$2,999_____ 608 26 814 41 846 46 786 47 850 35 670 * 45 562 33 356 30 392 38 340 546 458 630 790 724 610 746 4 11 10 104 163 188 203 216 267 235 287 295 27 35 170 195 258 276 334 350 377 387 14 8 36 32 54 41 44 28 204 312 286 290 361 417 459 530 562 802 42 32 33 26 39 36 29 62 33 8 12 5 14 16 3 9 8 10 5 8 11 10 9 18 57 46 62 53 43 29 52 46 63 5 4 8 9 9 4 5 18 24 5 6 4 4 5 14 25 17 11 24 18 22 5 3 6 Clerical $750-$999________ $1,000-$1,249_____ $1,250-$1,499_____ $1,500-$1,749_____ $1,750-$1,999_____ $2,000 $2,249_____ $2,250-$2,499_____ $2,500-$2,999 29 39 30 43 36 36 34 33 86 68 12 13 8 15 10 4 8 13 3 45 56 58 44 67 50 60 35 30 4 8 3 8 9 8 2 4 4 10 20 38 19 7 23 16 16 7 7 9 6 Independent business and professional 230 201 165 152 2 11 218 268 326 368 360 503 6 3 8 12 9 64 79 70 83 91 4 75 96 82 100 72 6 27 68 53 33 35 39 40 33 62 33 25 10 17 17 22 2 17 13 26 36 29 41 22 14 10 9 9 128 F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S A TLA N TA , GA. 4-A .— M oney expenditure for fam ily h om e by ow ners and renters, and fa cilities in clu d ed in ren t for fam ily h om e: B y o c c u p a tio n , fa m ily ty p e f a n d in co m e , in 1 y e a r , 1 9 3 5 -3 6 — Continued able Salaried business $1,250-$1,499 . $1,500-$1,749____ $1,750-$1,999____ $2,000-12,249____ $2,25fc-$2,499____ $2,500-$2,999___ $3,000-$3,499____ $3,500-$3,999 $4,000-$4,999_ $5,000-$7,499_ $7,500 and over— Salaried profes sional $1,250-$1,499____ $1,500-$1,749____ $1,750-$1,999____ $2,000-$2,249____ $2,250-$2,499____ $2,500-$2,999____ $3,000-$3,499____ $3,500-$3,999____ $4,000-$4,999____ $5,000-$7,499____ $7,500 and over__ Family type: Type I $500-$749_______ $750-$999_______ $1,000-$1,249____ $1,250-$1,499____ $1,500-$1,749......... $1,750-$1,999____ $2,000-$2,249____ $2,250-$2,499____ $2,500-$2,999......... $3,000-$3,499____ $3,500-$3,999____ $4,000-$4,999____ $5,000-$7,499____ $7,500 and over... Home owners 3 Renters (4) Renting W (2) g a o* 3 (1) © § bfi 3 Occupational group, family type, and income class ^ Reporting ex“ penditures ex Number of Percentage Averagefor Percentage of renters having specified pense families of families family home facilities included in rent 03 © w (8) 2. to bfl •3 28 C .2 0 2 2 bO u S© .a © bo © 'S ’C S 2 2 3 03 hC Is a> fa O 3 £ s (9) (10) (ii) (12) (13) 84 94 156 126 186 332 278 274 292 226 82 28 26 32 33 31 39 31 28 30 22 13 27 19 34 22 42 30 49 54 56 79 $264 96 73 $239 317 81 162 321 66 167 356 74 196 414 53 213 369 66 174 500 48 221 672 46 366 577 40 304 655 19 531 855 24 26 53 38 53 35 42 64 57 41 44 6 9 6 3 10 10 9 7 54 84 112 86 102 140 106 96 70 44 24 21 29 26 33 29 37 33 21 30 19 12 18 13 18 23 17 28 46 50 44 50 83 77 87 69 70 78 70 41 44 47 50 8 227 175 210 187 213 209 333 288 284 337 388 262 338 379 339 386 398 529 508 657 584 780 40 47 43 36 35 35 35 52 39 31 172 320 450 390 536 540 444 434 494 144 118 98 86 48 7 15 19 34 33 37 31 27 40 18 14 17 16 10 14 16 15 26 19 21 31 30 34 54 29 46 46 96 86 84 85 73 73 77 69 70 64 46 67 54 54 4 141 62 122 172 151 199 134 246 212 252 150 345 344 463 109 218 208 266 295 332 319 396 376 620 576 719 613 780 27 20 34 61 69 77 74 51 75 93 82 100 66 51 68 58 80 84 90 80 75 91 56 4 18 9 6 8 20 7 4 15 15 10 47 83 58 75 83 83 95 64 84 92 100 12 10 3 17 10 8 16 23 3 8 17 48 35 37 78 87 54 49 67 100 55 76 65 100 17 26 5 14 10 3 11 6 8 13 5 fl o te © bo © (14) ^ Percentage with none of £ these facilities inw eluded in rent T 43 57 65 49 60 38 46 74 57 41 44 H 27 24 22 24 22 37 49 35 41 3 15 9 3 11 13 13 22 66 67 43 57 39 51 56 52 46 31 7 25 39 11 13 18 38 33 28 31 13 10 3 7 8 67 17 68 16 67 15 57 16 67 35 80 33 82 23 91 63 60 44 79 54 93 65 82 58 100 100 17 5 12 1 10 14 5 4 23 11 20 3 10 9 44 14 7 6 6 7 18 17 10 25 4 2 TABULAR SUMMARY 129 A TLA N TA , GA. 4-A . — M oney expenditure for fam ily h om e by ow ners and renters, and facilities in clu d ed in rent for fam ily hom e: B y occupation , fa m ily T able ty p e y and in com e , in 1 yea r , 1985—86 —Continued Types II and III $500-$749 $750-$999 $1,000-$1,249____ $1,250-$1,499____ $1,500-11,749____ $1,750-$1,999____ $2,000-$2,249____ $2,250-$2,499____ $2,500-12,999____ $3 000-$3,499 $3,500-$3,999____ $4 000— 999 $4 $5’000— 499 $7 $7,500 and over__ Types IV and V $500-$749 $750-$999 $1,000-$1,249____ $1,250-$1,499____ $1,500-$1,749____ $1,750-$1,999____ $2,000-$2,249____ $2,250-$2,499____ $2,500-$2,999____ $3,000-$3,499 $3,500-$3,999 $4,000-$4,999— $5,000-$7,499 $7,500 and over—. 238 470 580 640 692 720 540 458 530 172 162 146 104 36 198 364 362 482 608 664 652 516 794 222 2 12 222 236 100 9 32 34 75 59 11 10 21 68 20 73 58 80 31 41 37 25 18 4 28 26 35 25 64 50 52 89 21 93 89 84 79 80 67 74 61 67 35 46 40 6 8 32 21 36 39 39 47 46 50 54 71 80 85 92 68 78 64 59 56 48 51 46 38 27 20 13 $105 $62 128 172 185 203 200 194 240 204 313 190 300 270 394 159 389 145 493 313 678 320 544 318 785 549 1,080 169 132 135 120 175 163 184 183 296 260 374 332 486 97 172 178 236 241 286 316 302 354 384 577 530 642 823 4 7 18 6 29 14 29 32 38 42 46 51 5 16 5 18 17 4 14 3 4 19 3 4 9 12 8 17 9 15 18 8 6 1 1 4 6 11 8 13 8 12 1 18 5 3 9 100 10 54 50 51 60 65 77 71 90 98 80 20 9 19 4 9 1 8 29 46 17 66 100 50 _ _ _ 50 __ Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. 8* § (13) 56 44 56 61 42 50 35 41 36 56 62 47 51 50 27 56 33 34 30 40 28 34 8 29 48 50 £ Refrigeration ^ Percentage with none of £ these facilities inw eluded in rent Light 44 38 54 60 72 67 80 81 75 78 94 98 82 11S 9 be o3 A ’C 3 Water 3 c3 © m (8) © bjo ce 03 C ( 10) g Furnishings © 3 Renters Home owners 100 100 10 23 32 50 70 71 57 66 72 47 29 49 33 3 (3) g Renting (1 ) V© M3 Pl.t3 »-i a o§ g Owning Occupational group, family type, and income class g Eligible ex Number of Percentage Averagefor Percentage of renters having specified pense facilities included in rent families of families family home 11 3 3 7 (*) 5 1 19 5 6 3 16 2 4 20 47 18 42 35 13 42 5 4 5 11 8 8 1 1 4 4 13 20 19 5 33 17 10 15 9 11 4 4 6 50 15 8 33 21 25 11 10 2 6 17 50 130 F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S A TLA N TA , GA. 5.— H ou sehold operation: Average m oney expenditure fo r groups of item s of household operation and percentage distribu tion of such expen ditu re, by occupa tio n , fa m ily type, and incom e, in 1 year, 1 98 5-86 T able [White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Average money expenditure for house hold operation for— Number of families Occupational g r o u p , family type, and in come class 0) Paid household help Fuel, Fuel, Report light, light, Eligi ing ex Total and re Other and re ble pendi friger Average Percent item s2 friger age of tures ation 1 amount families ation i having (2) (3) (5) (9) (8) (4) (6) (7) A lt families 608 $500-$749______ _______ $750-$999______________ 1,154 $1,000-$1,249___________ 1, 392 $1,250-$1,499.......... ........... 1, 512 $1,500-$1,749___________ 1,836 $1,750-$1,999___________ 1,924 $2,000-$2,249___________ 1,636 $2,250-$2,499___________ 1,408 $2,500-$2,999___________ 1,818 $3,000-$3,499___________ 538 $3,500-$3,999___________ 492 $4,000-$4,999___________ 466 $5,000-$7,499___________ 426 $7,500 and over___ _ 184 Occupational group: Wage earner $500-$749______________ 608 $750-$999______________ 814 $1,000-$1,249___________ 846 $1,250-$1,499___________ 786 $1,500-$1,749___________ 850 $1,750-$1,999___________ 670 $2,000-$2,249___________ 562 $2,250-$2,499___________ 356 $2,500-$2,999___________ 392 Clerical $750-$999______________ 340 $1,000-$1,249___________ 546 $1,250-$1,499_________ 458 $1,500-$1,749___________ 630 790 $1,750-$1,999___________ $2,000-$2,249___________ 724$2,250-$2,499___________ 610 $2,500-$2,999___________ 746 Independent business and professional $1,250-$1,499___________ 130 $1,500-$1,749___________ 178 $1,750-$1,999___________ 196 $2,000-$2,249___________ 138 $2,250-$2,499___________ 154 $2,500-$2,999___________ 208 $3,000-$3,499___________ 154 $3,500-$3,999___________ 122 $4,000-$4,999___________ 104 $5,000-$7,499___________ 156 78 $7,500 and over___ See p. 146 for notes on this table. Percentage of total household opera tion expenditure Paid house Other hold items help (10) (ID 26 70 85 159 162 176 161 151 192 96 84 103 74 49 $95 128 139 173 201 239 242 279 318 401 434 525 704 957 $68 84 85 98 101 106 110 115 125 135 141 158 184 229 $7 6 7 12 28 47 51 60 83 146 160 215 342 485 8 20 17 27 30 49 51 52 80 86 81 88 99 97 $20 38 47 63 72 86 81 104 110 120 133 152 178 243 71.6 65.6 61.2 56.7 50.3 44.3 45.4 41.2 39.3 33.7 32.5 30.1 26.1 23.9 7.4 4.7 5.0 6.9 13.9 19.7 21.1 21. 5 26.1 36.4 36.9 40.9 48.6 50.7 21.0 29.7 33.8 36.4 35.8 36.0 33.5 37.3 34.6 29.9 30.6 29.0 25.3 25.4 26 41 46 47 35 45 33 30 38 95 124 136 167 193 239 228 264 287 68 S3 85 100 99 121 109 120 117 7 6 6 8 32 38 39 44 76 8 20 14 17 30 42 49 38 67 20 35 45 59 62 80 80 100 94 71.6 67.0 62. 5 59.9 51.3 50.6 47.8 45.4 40.8 7.4 4.8 4.4 4.8 16. 6 15.9 17.1 16.7 26. 5 21.0 28.2 33.1 35.3 32.1 33.5 35.1 37.9 32.7 29 39 30 43 36 36 34 33 137 144 171 202 233 236 283 305 85 85 93 105 95 106 111 128 7 8 13 20 52 58 70 67 20 21 40 24 53 51 64 81 45 51 65 77 86 72 102 110 62.1 59.0 54. 4 52.0 40.8 44.9 39.2 42.0 5.1 5.6 7.6 9.9 22.3 24.6 24.7 22.0 32.8 35.4 38.0 38.1 36.9 30.5 36.1 36.0 33 29 37 26 27 45 32 35 43 33 24 210 218 238 287 314 399 410 473 586 723 1,011 111 102 108 127 126 133 151 158 176 179 241 24 30 35 56 71 140 127 187 259 340 517 39 42 40 59 43 79 87 83 95 100 93 75 86 95 104 117 126 132 128 151 204 253 52.9 46.8 45.4 44.3 40.1 33.3 36.8 33.4 30.0 24.8 23.8 11.4 13.8 14.7 19.5 22.6 35.1 31.0 39.5 44.2 47.0 51.2 35.7 39.4 39.9 36.2 37.3 31.6 32.2 27.1 25.8 28.2 25.0 TABULAR SUM M A RY 131 A TLA N TA , GA. T able 5.— H ou sehold operation: A verage m oney expen ditu re for groups of item s of household operation and percentage distribu tion of such expen ditu re , by occupa tion , fa m ily ty p e , and in com e , in 1 year , 1 98 5-36 —Continued Number of families Occupational g r o u p , family type, and in come class (1) Salaried business $1,250-$1,499___________ $1,500-$1,749___________ $1,750-$1,999___________ $2,000-$2,249___________ $2,250-$2,499___________ $2,500-$2,999___________ $3,000-$3,499___________ $3,500-$3,999___________ $4,000-$4,999___________ $5,000-$7,499___________ $7,500 and over________ Salaried professional $1,250-$1,499___________ $1,500-$1,749___________ $1,750-$1,999___________ $2,000-82,249___________ $2,250-$2,499___________ $2,500-$2,999___________ $3,000-83,499___________ $3,500-83,999___________ $4,000-84,999___________ $5,000-87,499___________ $7,500 and over.. Family type: Type I $500-8749______________ 8750-8999______________ $1,000-81,249___________ $1,250-81,499___________ $1,500-81,749___________ $1,750-81,999___________ $2,000-82,249___________ $2,250-82,499___________ $2,500-82,999___________ $3,000-83,499___________ $3,500-83,999___________ $4,000-84,999___________ $5,000-87,499___________ $7,500 and over------------ Average money expenditure for house hold operation for— Percentage of total household opera tion expenditure Paid household help Fuel, Fuel, Report light, light, Eligi ing ex Total and re Other and re ble pendi friger Average Percent items friger tures age of ation amount families ation having (6) (9) (2) (4) (5) (8) (3) (7) Paid house Other hold items help (10) (11) 84 94 156 126 186 332 278 274 292 226 82 28 26 32 33 31 39 31 28 30 22 13 $192 227 227 265 269 327 392 428 500 696 945 $107 104 87 113 110 126 128 136 152 190 221 $19 38 47 47 49 86 154 155 202 344 477 32 43 52 45 51 58 85 80 86 100 100 $66 85 93 105 110 115 110 137 146 162 247 55.7 45.8 38.3 42.7 40.9 38.5 32.6 31.8 30.4 27.3 23.4 9.8 16.7 20.7 17.7 18.2 26.3 39.3 36.2 40.4 49.4 50.5 34.5 37.5 41.0 39.6 40.9 35.2 28.1 32.0 29.2 23.3 26.1 54 84 112 86 102 140 106 96 70 44 24 21 29 26 33 29 37 33 21 30 19 12 155 204 297 263 275 338 414 401 534 676 820 81 96 111 109 117 123 132 132 155 171 214 12 22 83 66 58 98 153 143 204 340 412 21 29 78 62 49 61 90 79 89 94 100 62 86 103 88 100 117 129 126 175 165 194 52.3 47.0 37.4 41.4 42.5 36.4 31.9 32.9 29.0 25.3 26.1 8.0 10.8 27.9 25.1 21.1 29.0 37.0 35.7 38.2 50.3 50.2 39.7 42.2 34.7 33.5 36.4 34.6 31.1 31.4 32.8 24.4 23.7 172 320 450 390 536 540 444 434 494 144 118 98 86 48 7 15 19 34 33 37 31 27 40 18 14 17 16 10 116 122 148 176 196 210 202 228 265 408 319 458 663 875 72 73 78 86 84 81 74 78 101 121 98 125 144 231 22 9 12 13 29 44 48 47 50 171 74 176 344 408 14 32 29 36 23 46 52 51 70 94 57 69 100 100 22 40 58 77 83 85 80 103 114 116 147 157 175 236 62.0 59.8 52.7 48.9 42.8 38.6 36.6 34.2 38.1 29.7 30.7 27.3 21.7 26.4 19.0 7.4 8.1 7.4 14.8 20.9 23.8 20.6 18.9 41.9 23.2 38.4 51.9 46.6 19.0 32.8 39.2 43.7 42.4 40.5 39.6 45.2 43.0 28.4 46. 1 34.3 26.4 27.0 132 F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S A TLA N TA , GA. T able 5.— H ou sehold operation: A verage m oney expenditure for groups of item s of household operation and percentage distribu tion of such expen ditu re , by occupation, fa m ily ty p e , and in com e , in 1 year , 1935—36 —Continued Number of families Occupational g r o u p , family type, and in come class 0) Types II and III $500-$749______________ $750-$999______________ $1,000-$1,249___________ $1,250-$1,499___________ $1,500-$1,749___________ $1,750-$1,999___________ $2,000-$2,249___________ $2.250-$2,499___________ $2,600-$2,999___________ $3,000-$3,499___________ $3,500-$3,999___________ $4,000-$4,999___________ $5,000-$7,499___________ $7,500 and over________ Types IV and V $500-$749________ _ $750-$999______________ $1,000-$1,249___________ $1,250-$1,499___________ $1,500-$1,749___________ $1,750-$1,999___________ $2,000-$2,249___________ $2,250-12,499___________ $2,500-$2,999___________ $3,000-$3,499___________ $3,500-$3,999___________ $4,000-$4,999___________ $5,000-$7,499___________ $7,500 and over. __ _ total Average money expenditure for house Percentage ofopera household hold operation for— tion expenditure Paid ho usehold heIp Fuel, Fuel, Report light, light, Eligi ing ex Total and re Other and re ble pendi friger Average Percent items friger tures age of ation amount families ation having (2) (3) (7) (4) (5) (6) (8) (9) Paid house Other hold items help (10) (11) 238 470 580 640 692 720 540 458 530 172 162 146 104 36 9 $85 32 118 134 34 75 173 59 210 68 251 252 73 58 312 338 80 31 358 41 506 37 550 788 25 18 1,041 $67 79 87 103 106 107 116 122 126 116 151 157 184 260 $3 6 3 16 34 53 53 86 103 129 229 241 424 564 11 19 9 30 35 53 58 60 72 90 92 93 100 100 $15 33 44 54 70 91 83 104 109 113 126 152 180 217 78.8 66.9 65.0 59.5 50.5 42.6 46.0 39.1 37.3 32.4 29.8 28.6 23.4 25.0 3.5 5.1 2.2 9.3 16.2 21.1 21.0 27.6 30.5 36.0 45.3 43.8 53.8 54.2 17.7 28.0 32.8 31.2 33.3 36.3 33.0 33.3 32.2 31.6 24.9 27.6 22.8 20.8 198 364 362 482 608 664 652 516 794 222 212 222 236 100 10 23 32 50 70 71 57 66 72 47 29 49 33 21 66 100 92 102 112 126 128 140 140 159 157 173 199 216 4 5 5 19 43 51 47 90 143 156 215 305 494 11 15 14 30 48 45 47 73 79 85 94 99 94 24 43 39 63 65 82 80 105 109 128 129 149 178 255 73. 3 68.0 67.6 60.0 57.1 50.2 49.4 47.9 41.3 37.0 35.5 32.2 29.2 22.4 2.7 3.7 2.9 9.7 17.1 19.7 16.1 26.5 33.2 35.3 40.0 44.7 51.2 26. 7 29.3 28.7 37.1 33.2 32.7 30.9 36.0 32.2 29.8 29.2 27.8 26.1 26.4 90 147 136 170 196 251 259 292 339 430 442 537 682 965 133 TABULAR SUM M A RY A TLA N TA , GA. 6.—Clothing: A verage m oney expen ditu re fo r clothing fo r husband and w ife and other fa m ily m em bers, and percentage distribu tion of such expenditure, by occupation, fa m ily ty p e , and incom e, in 1 year, 1 9 3 5 -3 6 T able [White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Number of families Occupational group, family type, and in come class (1) Eligible (2) A ll families 608 $500-$749______________ $750-$999______________ 1,154 $1,000-$1,249__________ 1, 392 1,512 $1,250-$1,499___________ 1,836 $1,500-$1,749__________ $1,750-$1,999___........ . 1,924 $2,000-$2,249__________ 1,636 $2,250-$2,499__________ 1.408 $2,500-$2,999__________ 1,818 538 $3,000-$3,499__________ 492 $3,500-$3,999__________ $4,000-$4,999__________ 466 $5,000-$7,499__________ 426 184 $7,500 and over________ Occupational group: Wage earner $500-$749______________ 608 $750-$999______________ 814 $1,000-$1,249__________ 846 $1,250-$1,499__________ 786 850 $1,500-$1,749__________ $1,750-$1,999__________ 670 562 $2,000-$2,249__________ $2,250-12,499__________ 356 392 $2,500-$2,999__._________ Clerical $750-$999______________ 340 $1,000-$1,249__________ 546 $1,250-$1,499__________ 458 $1,500-$1,749__________ 630 $1,750-$1,999__________ 790 724 $2,000-$2,249___........ . 610 $2,250-$2,499__________ $2,500-$2,999__________ 746 Independent business and professional $1,250-$1,499__________ 130 178 $1,500-$1,749__________ $1,750-$1,999__________ 196 138 $2,000-$2,249__________ 154 $2,250-$2,499__________ 208 $2,500-$2,999__________ 154 $3,000-$3,499__________ 122 $3,500-$3,999__________ 104 $4,000-$4,999__________ $5,000-$7,499__________ 156 78 $7,500 and o v e r _______ See p. 146 for notes ori this table Average money expenditure for Percentage of total fam clothing i ily clothing expenditure All Report ing ex family Hus pendi mem band tures bers (3) (4) (5) Wife (6) Other family Hus mem band bers (8) (7) Wife (9) Other family mem bers (10) 26 70 85 159 162 176 161 151 192 96 84 103 74 49 $47 85 118 135 153 182 209 245 267 293 351 436 530 763 $17 33 47 47 56 65 68 82 85 94 119 126 151 251 $15 32 40 49 54 65 72 96 95 112 132 155 209 283 $15 20 31 39 43 52 69 67 87 87 100 155 170 229 36.2 38.8 39.8 34.8 36. 6 35.7 32.5 33.5 31.8 32.1 33.9 28.9 28. 5 32.9 31.9 37.7 33.9 36.3 35.3 35.7 34.5 39.2 35.6 38.2 37.6 35.6 39.4 37.1 31.9 23. 5 26.3 28.9 28.1 28.6 33.0 27.3 32.6 29.7 28.5 35.5 32.1 30.0 26 41 46 47 35 45 33 30 38 47 82 122 132 169 185 202 253 257 17 30 50 44 62 64 63 78 73 15 31 42 45 57 58 61 94 80 15 21 30 43 50 63 78 81 104 36.2 36.6 41.0 33.3 36.7 34.6 31.2 30.8 28.4 31.9 37.8 34.4 34.1 33.7 31.4 30.2 37.2 31.1 31.9 25.6 24.6 32.6 29.6 34.0 38.6 32.0 40.5 29 39 30 43 36 36 34 33 93 112 152 148 183 214 251 270 41 43 53 51 66 70 81 86 33 38 62 59 70 79 107 104 19 31 37 38 47 65 63 80 44.1 38.4 34.9 34.5 36.1 32.7 32.3 31.9 35.5 33.9 40,8 39.9 38.3 36.9 42.6 38.5 20.4 27.7 24.3 25.6 25.6 30.4 25.1 29.6 33 29 37 26 27 45 32 35 43 33 24 111 105 183 193 210 267 254 364 416 523 769 42 40 58 59 81 90 81 121 125 150 217 35 33 74 54 73 94 101 127 166 226 302 34 32 51 80 56 83 72 116 125 147 250 37.8 38.1 31.7 30.6 38.6 33.8 31.9 33.2 30.0 28.7 28.2 31.5 31.4 40.4 28.0 34.8 35.3 39.8 34.9 39.9 43.2 39.3 30.7 30.5 27.9 41.4 26.6 30.9 28.3 31.9 30.1 28.1 32.5 F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S 134 A TLA N TA , GA. 6.— C lothin g: A verage m oney expenditure fo r clothing fo r husband and w ife and other fa m ily m em bers, and percentage distribu tion of such expen ditu re, by occupation, fa m ily type, and incom e, in 1 year, 1985—86 —Continued T able Number of families Occupational group, family type, and in come class (1) Salaried business $1,250-$1,499__________ $1,500-$1,749__________ $1,750-$1,999__________ $2,000-$2,249__________ $2,250-$2,499__________ $2,500-$2,999__________ $3,000-13,499__________ $3,500-$3,999__________ $4,000-$4,999__________ $5,000-$7,499__________ $7,500 and o v e r _______ Salaried professional $1,250-$1,499__________ $1,500-$1,749__________ $1,750-$1,999__________ $2,000-$2,249__________ $2,250-$2,499__________ $2,500-$2,999__________ $3,000-$3,499__________ $3,500-$3,999__________ $4,000-$4,999__________ $5,000-$7,499__________ $7,500 and over Family type; Type 12 $500-$749_____________ $750-$999_____________ $1,000-$1,249__________ $1,250-$1,499__________ $1,500-$1,749__________ $1,750-$1,999__________ $2,000-$2,249__________ $2,250-$2,499 __________ $2,500-$2,999__________ $3,000-$3,499__________ $3,500-$3,999__________ $4,000-$4,999 _____ $5,000-$7,499__________ $7,500 and over_______ Eligible (2) Average money expenditure for Percentage of total fam clothing ily clothing expenditure Report All ing ex family Hus pendi mem band bers tures (4) (3) (5) Wife (6) Other family mem bers (7) Hus band Wife (8) (9) Other family mem bers (10) 84 94 156 126 186 332 278 274 292 226 82 28 26 32 33 31 39 31 28 30 22 13 $114 128 174 217 244 265 313 349 446 551 767 $44 54 67 81 100 93 100 125 129 155 293 $38 46 64 84 82 93 114 139 158 208 267 $32 28 43 52 62 79 99 85 159 188 207 38.6 42.2 38.5 37.3 41.0 35.1 31. 9 35.8 28.9 28.1 38.2 33.3 35.9 36.8 38.7 33.6 35.1 36.4 39.8 35.4 37.7 34.8 28.1 21.9 24.7 24.0 25.4 29.8 31.7 24.4 35.7 34.2 27.0 54 84 112 86 102 140 106 96 70 44 24 21 29 26 33 29 37 33 21 30 19 12 128 146 177 224 228 280 299 343 422 445 730 48 57 67 82 78 93 95 101 117 134 222 44 48 68 94 89 103 122 116 127 157 279 36 41 42 48 61 84 82 126 178 154 229 37.5 39.0 37. 9 36.6 34.2 33.2 31.8 29.4 27.7 30.1 30.4 34.4 32.9 38.4 42.0 39.0 36.8 40.8 33.8 30.1 35.3 38.2 28.1 28.1 23. 7 21.4 26.8 30.0 27.4 36.8 42.2 34.6 31.4 172 320 450 390 536 540 444 434 494 144 118 98 86 48 7 15 19 34 33 37 31 27 40 18 14 17 16 10 49 90 96 126 144 144 183 247 247 239 351 403 500 625 24 44 48 50 73 72 79 108 107 107 152 170 210 308 24 45 47 75 70 70 102 139 138 132 199 233 290 311 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 49.0 48.9 50.0 39.7 50.7 50.0 43.2 43.7 43.3 44.8 43.3 42.2 42.0 49.3 49.0 50.0 49.0 59.5 48.6 48.6 55.7 56.3 55.9 55. 2 56. 7 57.8 58.0 49.8 2.0 1.1 1.0 .8 .7 1.4 1.1 .8 6 .9 135 TABULAR SUM M A RY A TLA N TA , GA. 6. — C lothin g: A verage m oney expenditure fo r clothing fo r husband and w ife and other fa m ily m em bers, and percentage d istribu tion of such expenditure, by occupation, fa m ily type, and incom e, in 1 year, 1 9 8 5 -3 6 —Continued T able Number of families Occupational group, family type, and in come class (1) Types II and III $500-$749_____________ $750-$999_____________ $1,000-$1,249__________ $1,250-$1,499__________ $1,500-$l,749__________ $1,750-$1,999__________ $2,000-$2,249__________ $2,250-$2,499__________ $2,500-$2,999__________ $3,000-$3,499_________ $3,500-$3,999__________ $4,000-$4,999__________ $5,000-$7,499__________ $7,500 and over______ Type IV and V $500-$749_____________ $750-$999_____________ $1,000-$1,249__________ $1,250-$1,499__________ $1,500-$1,749__________ $1,750-$1,999__________ $2,000-$2,249__________ $2,250-$2,499__________ $2,500-$2,999__________ $3,000-$3,499__________ $3,500-$3,999__________ $4,000-$4,999__________ $5,000-$7,499__________ $7,500 and over________ 125018°—40 Eligible (2) Report ing ex pendi tures (3) Average money expenditure for Percentage of total fam clothing ily clothing expenditure All family Hus mem band bers (4) (5) Wife (6) Other family Hus mem band bers (8) (7) Wife (9) Other family mem bers (10) 238 470 580 640 692 720 540 458 530 172 162 146 104 36 9 32 34 75 59 68 73 58 80 31 41 37 25 18 $39 80 132 135 156 189 217 226 291 318 312 394 488 774 $16 30 55 52 59 72 79 82 104 110 108 142 159 245 $13 29 43 47 56 71 75 79 110 133 122 163 217 356 $10 21 34 36 41 46 63 65 77 75 82 89 112 173 41.0 37.5 41.7 38.5 37.8 38.1 36.4 36.3 35.7 34.6 34.6 36.0 32.6 31.7 33.3 36.3 32.6 34.8 35.9 37.6 34.6 35.0 37.8 41.8 39.1 41.4 44.5 46.0 25.7 26.2 25.7 26.7 26.3 24.3 29.0 28.7 26.5 23.6 26.3 22.6 22.9 22.3 198 364 362 482 608 664 652 516 794 222 212 222 236 100 10 23 32 50 70 71 57 66 72 47 29 49 33 21 56 89 124 142 156 206 220 259 263 309 382 477 559 825 13 28 32 38 37 52 52 61 60 73 110 97 126 226 10 24 27 30 38 55 50 74 59 82 103 116 177 243 33 37 65 74 81 99 118 124 144 154 169 264 256 356 23.2 31.5 25.8 26.8 23.7 25.2 23.6 23.6 22.8 23.6 28.8 20.3 22.5 27.4 17.9 27.0 21.8 21.1 24.4 26.7 22.7 28.6 22.4 26.5 27.0 24.3 31.7 29.5 58.9 41.5 52.4 52.1 51.9 48.1 53.7 47.8 54.8 49.9 44.2 55.4 45.8 43.1 -10 136 F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S A TLA N TA , GA. T able 7.— P ersonal care: A verage m oney expen ditu re for toilet articles and p rep a ra tio n s , and services , and percentage distribu tion of such expen ditu re , by occupation , fa m ily ty p e , and in com e, in 1 yea r , 1935— 36 [White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Number of families Occupational group, family type, and income class Eligible (1) (2) Report ing ex pendi tures (3) A ll jamilies $500-$749_______ _____________ 608 26 $750-$999_____________________ 1,154 70 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 1, 392 85 $1,250-$1,499_________________ 1, 512 159 $1,500-$1,749_________________ 1, 836 162 1,924 176 $1,760-^1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ 1,636 161 $2,250-$2,499_________________ 1,408 151 1,818 192 $2,500-$2,999_________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ 538 96 $3,500-$3,999_________________ 492 84 $4,000-$4,999_________________ 466 103 $5,000-$7,499_________________ 426 74 184 49 $7,500 and over.. __________ Occupational group: Wage earner 608 $500-$749____________________ 26 $750-$999____ ________________ 814 41 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 846 46 786 $1,250-$1,499_________________ 47 $1,500-$1,749_________________ 850 35 $1,750-$1,999_________________ 670 45 562 $2,000-12,249_________________ 33 $2,250-$2,499_________________ 356 30 392 $2,500-$2,999_________________ 38 Clerical $750-$999____________________ 340 29 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 546 39 $1,250-$1,499_________________ 458 30 $1,500-$1,749_________________ 630 43 $1,750-$1,999_________________ 790 36 $2,000-$2,249_________________ 724 36 $2,250-$2,499_________________ 610 34 $2,500-$2,999_________________ 746 33 Independent business and pro fessional $1,250-$1,499_________________ 130 33 $1,500-$1,749_________________ 178 29 $1,750-$l,999_________________ 196 37 $2,000-$2,249_________________ 138 26 154 $2,250-$2,499_________________ 27 $2,500-$2,999_________________ 208 45 154 $3,000-$3,499_________________ 32 122 35 $3,500-$3,999_________________ 104 43 $4,000-$4,999_________________ 156 33 $5,000-$7,499_________________ 78 24 $7,500 and over---------------------i See glossary, appendix B, fo r items inclluded. Average money expenditure for personal care Total (4) Percentage of total personal care ex penditure Toilet articles Services 1 and prep Services 1 arations (5) (6) (7) Toilet articles and prep arations (8) $16 24 30 33 35 43 43 48 52 60 74 73 84 125 $7 9 13 14 14 19 18 21 23 28 36 35 46 68 $9 15 17 19 21 24 25 27 29 32 38 38 38 57 43.8 37.5 43.3 42.4 40.0 44.2 43.2 43.8 44.2 46.7 48.6 47.9 54.8 54.4 56.2 62.5 56.7 57.6 60.0 55.8 56.8 56.2 55.8 53.3 51.4 52.1 45.2 45. 6 16 22 32 32 36 43 40 41 49 7 8 15 12 14 19 17 17 20 9 14 17 20 22 24 23 24 29 43.8 36.4 46.9 37.5 38.9 44.2 42.5 41.5 40.8 56.2 63.6 53.1 62.5 61.1 55.8 57.5 58.5 59.2 26 28 35 35 43 45 56 51 10 12 16 14 19 19 25 22 16 16 19 21 24 26 31 29 38.5 42.9 45.7 40.0 44.2 42.2 44.6 43.1 61.5 57.1 54.3 60.0 55.8 57.8 55.4 56.9 29 34 39 44 43 52 57 65 71 88 111 12 14 16 20 19 24 27 33 37 47 59 17 20 23 24 24 28 30 32 34 41 52 41.4 41.2 41.0 45.5 44.2 46.2 47.4 50.8 52.1 53.4 53.2 58.6 58.8 59.0 54.5 55.8 53.8 52.6 49.2 47.9 46.6 46.8 137 TABULAR SUMMARY ATLANTA, GA. T a b l e 7.— Personal care: A verage m oney expen ditu re fo r toilet articles and p repa ra tion s , and services, and percentage distribu tion of such expen ditu re , by occupation , fa m ily ty p e , and in com e , in 1 yea r , 19S5—36 —Continued Number of families Occupational group, family type, and income class Eligible (1) Salaried business $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ $2,500-$2,999_________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________ $4,000-$4,999_________________ $5,000-$7,499_________________ $7,500 and over___________ ___ Salaried professional $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ $2,500-$2,999_______________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________ $4,000-$4,999_________________ $5,000-17,499_________ _______ $7,500 and over................. ............. Family typ e: Type I $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ $2,500-$2,999_________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________ $4,000-$4,999_________________ $5,000-$7,499_________________ $7,500 and over_______________ Types II and III $500-$749____________________ $750-$999_____________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ $2,500-$2,999_________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________ $4,000-$4,999_________________ $5,000-$7,499_________________ $7,500 and over_______________ (2) Report ing ex pendi tures (3) Average money expenditure for personal care Total (4) Percentage of total personal care ex penditure Toilet Toilet articles articles Services and prep Services and prep arations arations (5) (6) (7) (8) 84 94 156 126 186 332 278 274 292 226 82 28 26 32 33 31 39 31 28 30 22 13 $34 34 40 45 48 56 61 80 73 84 152 $14 14 18 17 21 27 29 39 34 47 87 $20 20 22 28 27 29 32 41 39 37 65 41.2 41.2 45.0 37.8 43.8 48.2 47.5 48.8 46.6 56.0 57.2 58.8 58.8 55.0 62.2 56.2 51.8 52.5 51.2 53.4 44.0 42.8 54 84 112 86 102 140 106 96 70 44 24 21 29 26 33 29 37 33 21 30 19 12 30 35 49 50 44 59 66 66 75 79 80 12 14 22 24 20 29 31 30 38 41 31 18 21 27 26 24 30 35 36 37 38 49 40.0 40.0 44.9 48.0 45.5 49.2 47.0 45.5 50.7 51.9 38.8 60.0 60.0 55.1 52.0 54.5 50.8 53.0 54.5 49.3 48.1 61.2 172 320 450 390 536 540 ■ 444 434 494 144 118 98 86 48 7 15 19 34 33 37 31 27 40 18 14 17 16 10 18 23 32 28 34 41 39 45 53 60 77 71 85 145 5 8 16 12 13 17 18 19 25 27 38 33 47 98 13 15 16 16 21 24 21 26 28 33 39 38 38 47 27.8 34.8 50.0 42.9 38.2 41.5 46.2 42. 2 47.2 45.0 49.4 46.5 55.3 67.6 72.2 65.2 50.0 57.1 61.8 58. 5 53.8 57.8 52.8 55.0 50.6 53.5 44.7 32.4 238 470 580 640 692 720 540 458 530 172 162 146 104 36 9 32 34 75 59 68 73 58 80 31 41 37 25 18 14 24 29 33 37 43 42 52 52 65 64 64 86 121 7 10 13 13 16 19 18 23 23 32 31 33 47 64 7 14 16 20 21 24 24 29 29 33 33 31 39 67 50.0 41.7 44.8 39.4 43.2 44.2 42.9 44.2 44.2 49.2 48.4 51.6 54.7 52.9 50.0 58.3 55.2 60.6 56.8 55.8 57.1 55.8 55.8 50.8 51.6 48.4 45.3 47.1 138 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES ATLANTA, GA. T a b l e 7.— Personal care: A verage m oney expen ditu re fo r toilet articles and p rep a ra tio n s , and services , and percentage distribu tion of such expen ditu re , by occupation , fa m ily ty p e , a n d in com e, in 1 yea r , 1 9 3 5 -8 6 — C o n tin u e d Number of families Occupational group, family type, and income class Eligible (1) Types IV and V $500-$749_____________________ $750-$999_____________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-81,499_________________ $1,500-81,749_________________ $1,750-81,999_________________ $2,000-82,249_________________ $2,250-82,499_________________ $2,500-82,999__________________ $3,000-83,499_________________ $3,500-83,999__________________ $4,000-84,999_________________ $5,000-87,499_________________ $7,500 and over___ _______ _ (2) 198 364 362 482 608 664 652 516 794 222 212 222 236 100 Report ing ex pendi tures (3) 10 23 32 50 70 71 57 66 72 47 29 49 33 21 Average money expenditure for personal care Total (4) $16 23 28 36 35 45 47 50 52 58 79 80 84 117 Percentage of total personal care ex penditure Toilet Toilet articles articles Services and prep Services and prep arations arations (5) (6) (7) (8) $8 8 11 14 15 21 19 22 22 27 37 38 46 55 $8 15 17 22 20 24 28 28 30 31 42 42 38 62 50.0 34.8 39.3 38.9 42.9 46.7 40.4 44.9 42.3 46.6 46.8 47.5 54.8 47.0 50.0 65.2 60.7 61.1 57.1 53.3 59.6 55.1 57.7 53.4 53.2 52.5 45.2 53.9 TABULAR SUMMARY 139 ATLANTA, GA. T able 8.— Automobile operation and purchase: Percentage of fa m ilies own ing and purchasing autom obiles , average m oney expenditure fo r all fa m ilies fo r operation and purch ase , by occupation , fa m ily ty p e , and in com e , in 1 year , 1 9 3 5 -3 6 [White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Number of families Occupational group, family type, and income class 0) Eligible (2) A ll families $500-$749_____________________ 608 $750-$999_____________________ 1,154 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 1, 392 $1,250-$1,499_________________ 1, 512 $1,500-$1,749_________________ 1,836 1,924 $1,750-SI,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ 1,636 $2,250-$2,499_________________ 1,408 $2,500-$2,999_________________ 1, 818 $3,000-$3,499_________________ 538 492 $3,500-$3,999_________________ $4,000-$4,999_________________ 466 $5,000-$7,499_________________ 426 184 $7,500 and over_______________ Occupational group: Wage earner $500-$749_____________________ 608 $750-$999_____________________ 814 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 846 786 $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ 850 $1,750-$1,999_________________ 670 562 $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ 356 392 $2,500~$2,999_________________ Clerical 340 $750-$999_____________________ 546 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 458 $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ 630 790 $1,750-$1,999_________________ 724 $2,000-$2,249_________________ 610 $2,250-$2,499_________________ 746 $2,500-$2,999_________________ Independent business and pro fessional 130 $1,250-$1,499_________________ 178 $1,500-$1,749_________________ 196 $1,750-$1,999_________________ 138 $2,000-$2,249_________________ 154 $2,250-$2,499_________________ 208 $2,500-$2,999_________________ 154 $3,000-$3,499_________________ 122 $3,500-$3,999_________________ 104 $4,000-$4,999_________________ 156 $5,000-$7,499_________________ 78 $7,500 and over.. _ ___ . See p. 146 for notes on this table. Report ing ex pendi tures (3) Percentage of all families Average money expenditure of all families Owning Purchas Operation Opera Purchase auto ing auto and pur tion 1 (net) 3 mobiles mobiles chase (4) (6) (5) (S) (7) 26 70 85 159 162 176 161 151 192 96 84 103 74 49 16 29 48 45 56 64 77 75 87 78 88 81 92 91 8 8 17 16 21 18 26 28 21 28 33 29 45 18 $6 24 84 83 114 155 197 226 211 272 345 374 593 494 $2 17 46 48 62 85 112 115 137 155 184 196 304 377 $4 7 38 35 52 70 85 111 74 117 161 178 289 117 26 41 46 47 35 45 33 30 38 16 30 48 45 62 67 91 86 77 8 9 20 24 19 16 26 28 23 6 28 79 104 119 129 197 245 192 2 20 49 50 67 82 109 148 126 4 8 30 54 52 47 88 97 66 29 39 30 43 36 36 34 33 25 48 44 51 63 66 62 78 6 14 8 28 19 24 28 16 16 90 59 122 186 174 200 206 11 40 46 60 91 105 88 143 5 50 13 62 95 69 112 63 33 29 37 26 27 45 32 35 43 33 24 46 45 66 90 93 79 79 88 84 92 90 12 10 25 24 42 27 14 37 32 39 23 62 58 144 280 278 224 239 370 373 533 581 37 36 82 157 136 129 179 206 202 239 429 25 22 62 123 142 95 60 164 171 294 152 140 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES ATLANTA, GA. T a b l e 8.— Automobile operation and purchase: P ercentage of fa m ilies own in g and purchasing autom obiles , average m oney expenditure fo r all fa m ilies fo r operation and purchase , by occupation, fa m ily ty p e , and incom e , in 1 yea r , 1 9 3 5 -3 6 —Continued Number of families Occupational group, family type, and income class (1) Salaried business $1,250-11,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249__________________ $2,250-$2,499________________ _ $2,500-$2,999_________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________ $4,000-$4,999_________________ $5,000-$7,499_________________ $7,500 and over_______________ Salaried professional $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749__________________ $1,750-$1,999__________________ $2,000-$2,249__________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ $2,500-$2,999_________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________ $4,000-$4,999_________________ $5,000-17,499_________________ $7,500 and over------- ----------Family type: Type I $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ $2,50O-$2,999_________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ $3,500-$3,999-------------------------$4,000-$4,999_________________ $5,000-$7,499_________________ $7,500 and over_______________ Types II and III $500-$749_______________ ____ $750-$999______________ _____ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499__________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ $2,500-$2,999_________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ $3,500-$3,999__............................... $4,000-$4,999------ -------------------$5,000-$7,499_________________ $7,500 and oyer.............................. Eligible (2) Report ing ex pendi tures (3) Percentage of all families Average money expenditure of all families Owning Purchas Operation Opera Purchase auto ing auto and pur tion (net) mobiles mobiles chase (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) 84 94 156 126 186 332 278 274 292 226 82 28 26 32 33 31 39 31 28 30 22 13 46 42 62 72 86 80 73 85 80 90 98 3 7 24 35 29 26 36 29 30 48 16 $48 67 166 258 256 231 258 310 397 658 456 $46 42 85 118 132 132 119 170 193 356 361 $2 25 81 140 124 99 139 140 204 302 95 54 84 112 86 102 140 106 96 70 44 24 21 29 26 33 29 37 33 21 30 19 12 40 75 50 69 70 83 91 97 82 100 75 4 19 12 16 23 15 25 37 17 42 8 56 176 90 156 164 231 356 416 281 464 339 51 98 69 98 90 157 213 215 201 263 264 5 78 21 58 74 74 143 201 80 201 75 172 320 450 390 536 540 444 434 494 144 118 98 86 48 7 15 19 34 33 37 31 27 40 18 14 17 16 10 14 26 51 46 61 88 77 68 77 91 78 83 88 96 21 6 26 25 23 19 16 34 30 43 40 4 1 20 122 49 132 218 194 185 186 373 378 488 571 340 1 20 63 39 73 135 117 97 129 203 182 185 251 261 59 10 59 83 77 88 57 170 196 303 320 79 238 470 580 640 692 720 540 458 530 172 162 146 104 36 9 32 34 75 59 68 73 58 80 31 41 37 25 18 22 42 45 51 59 66 78 82 77 69 83 84 93 89 11 19 15 26 21 16 33 33 18 29 42 28 34 28 9 34 72 107 122 151 198 259 216 229 349 393 545 534 3 17 41 57 66 84 99 123 142 132 161 220 294 334 6 17 31 50 56 67 99 136 74 97 188 173 251 200 TABULAR SUMMARY 141 ATLANTA, GA. T able 8.— Automobile operation and purchase: Percentage of fa m ilie s ownr ing and purchasing autom obiles, average m oney expenditure fo r all fa m ilies fo r operation and purchase, by occupation, fa m ily type, an d incom e, in 1 year, 1 93 5-36 —Continued Number of families Occupational group, family type, and income class (1) Types IV and V $500-$749___________________ _ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ $2,500-$2,999_________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________ $4,000-$4,999_________________ $5,000-$7,499_________________ $7,500 and over______________ Eligible (2) 198 364 362 482 608 664 652 516 794 222 212 222 236 100 Report ing ex pendi tures (3) 10 23 32 50 70 71 57 66 72 47 29 49 33 21 Percentage of all families Average money expenditure of all families Owning Purchas Operation Opera Purchase auto ing auto and pur tion (net) mobiles mobiles chase (4) (5) 10 14 49 35 49 42 76 75 80 77 98 78 93 90 (6) 10 12 11 16 16 22 30 25 22 26 24 52 21 $8 14 53 77 89 107 197 229 224 240 324 312 620 554 (7) $3 14 32 41 47 46 119 122 138 142 204 186 326 449 (8) $5 21 36 42 61 78 107 86 98 120 126 294 105 142 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES A T L A N T A , G A. T able Average money expenditure for recreation of specified types, by occupation, family type, and income, in 1 year, 1935— 36 9.— Recreation: [W hite nonrelief fam ilies including husband and wife, both n ative born] N um ber of fam ilies O ccupational group, fam ily typ e, and incom e class 0) Average m on ey expenditure for recreation P aid adm issions E ligible penditures T otal (2) (3) (4) M ovies (5) E q u ip m ent for gam es and Other 1 sports (6) (7) O th er 1 (8) A ll families $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250-$2,499___________________ $2,500-$2,999___________________ $3,000-$3,499___________________ $3,500-$3,999___________________ $4,000-$4,999___________________ $5,000-$7,499___________________ $7,500 and over________________ 608 1,154 1, 392 1, 512 1, 836 1,924 1,636 1,408 1,818 538 492 466 426 184 26 70 85 159 162 176 161 151 192 96 84 103 74 49 $16 23 26 32 47 47 52 64 67 92 116 126 187 269 608 814 846 786 850 670 562 356 392 26 41 46 47 35 45 33 30 38 16 21 28 32 55 44 58 56 68 340 546 458 630 790 724 610 746 29 39 30 43 36 36 34 33 28 23 33 44 52 47 71 64 $5 • 8 8 11 18 16 20 22 26 32 31 37 42 48 $2 2 3 4 5 3 6 7 8 12 9 16 26 $1 1 1 2 3 4 6 10 6 9 22 14 28 37 $10 12 15 16 22 22 23 26 28 43 51 66 101 158 5 7 10 11 18 15 18 22 27 1 2 3 4 4 2 4 6 1 1 1 2 4 6 11 3 3 10 12 15 16 29 19 27 27 32 12 5 12 18 16 21 24 26 4 2 3 6 6 4 6 7 1 1 1 3 8 4 16 7 11 15 17 17 27 18 26 24 2 2 3 5 5 7 4 13 9 18 25 6 1 3 3 4 5 8 20 19 31 49 13 9 20 32 21 20 29 37 45 109 145 (*) Occupational group: Wage earner $500-$749 _______________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250-$2,499___________________ $2,500-$2,999___________________ Clerical $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250-$2,499___________________ $2,500-$2,999___________________ Independent business and professional 14 $1,250-$1,499___________________ 130 33 34 14 29 $1,500-$1,749___________________ 178 26 42 16 $1,750-$1,999___________________ 196 37 22 62 138 26 $2,000-$2,249___________________ 154 17 47 27 $2,250-$2,499___________________ 45 59 27 208 $2,500-$2,999___________________ 27 154 32 $3,000-$3,499___________________ 68 33 122 35 103 $3,500-$3,999___________________ 35 104 43 108 $4,000-$4,999___________________ 33 156 199 41 $5,000-$7,499___________________ 24 37 256 78 $7,500 and o v e r _______________ i See glossary, appendix B , for item s included. * A verage am ounts of less than $1 and percentages less than 0.1 are not show n. 143 TABULAR SUMMARY ATLANTA, GA. T Average money expenditure for recreation of specified types, by occupation, family type, and income, in 1 year, 1935— — Continued 36 able 9.— Recreation: N um ber of fam ilies Occupational group, fam ily type, and incom e class (1) A verage m oney expenditure for recreation P aid adm issions E ligible R eport ing ex pendi tures T otal (2) (3) (4) M ovies Other (5) (6) E q u ip m ent for games and sports (7) Other (8) Salaried business $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250-$2,499___________________ $2,500-$2,999___________________ $3,000-$3,499___________________ $3,500-$3,999___________________ $4,000-$4,999___________________ $5,000-$7,499___________________ $7,500 and o v e r ._ _ ___________ 84 94 156 126 186 332 278 274 292 226 82 28 26 32 33 31 39 31 28 30 22 13 $30 35 46 50 72 74 86 130 130 181 288 $12 14 20 19 24 26 34 28 37 45 63 $2 4 5 3 8 9 11 Tl 7 16 26 $2 4 3 7 10 6 9 29 13 26 21 $14 13 18 21 30 33 32 62 73 94 178 54 84 112 86 102 140 106 96 70 44 24 21 29 26 33 29 37 33 21 30 19 12 27 51 41 50 58 77 144 91 141 181 241 10 16 16 19 19 24 32 36 43 28 33 1 2 2 5 5 8 7 12 16 12 25 1 4 6 5 10 8 12 5 10 33 50 15 29 17 21 24 37 93 38 72 108 133 172 320 450 390 536 540 444 434 494 144 118 98 86 48 7 15 19 34 33. 37 31 27 40 18 14 17 16 10 7 31 15 24 50 39 38 68 63 72 86 120 182 196 4 12 6 11 17 15 20 22 24 30 27 29 29 42 1 4 1 2 7 8 4 5 7 7 17 8 23 24 2 3 4 3 21 7 8 13 21 45 7 2 15 8 9 23 12 11 20 25 27 29 62 85 123 238 470 580 640 692 720 540 458 530 172 162 146 104 36 9 32 34 75 59 68 73 58 80 31 41 37 25 18 22 23 33 42 51 58 56 69 77 132 144 97 230 262 3 6 9 12 18 18 18 24 25 32 23 26 39 35 1 2 3 4 4 4 8 7 11 9 7 17 29 1 1 1 3 4 4 9 7 7 14 32 11 32 82 18 15 21 24 25 32 25 30 38 75 80 53 142 116 Salaried professional $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250-$2,499___________________ $2,500-$2,999___________________ $3,000-$3,499___________________ $3,500-$3,999___________________ $4,000-$4,999___________________ $5,000-$7,499___________________ $7,500 and over________________ Family type: Type 1 $500-$749 ________ _ . $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250-$2,499___________________ $2,500-$2,999___________________ $3,000-$3,499___________________ $3,500-$3,999___________________ $4,000-$4,999___________________ $5,000-$7,499___________________ $7,500 and over____________ ___ Types II and III $500-$749 ___________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250-$2,499___________________ $2,500-$2,999___________________ $3,000-$3,499___________________ $3,500-$3,999___________________ $4,000-$4,999___________________ $5,000-$7,499___________________ $7,500 and over_______ _______ 144 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES ATLANTA, GA. T Average money expenditure for recreation of specified types, by occupation, family type, and income, in 1 year, 1985— — Continued 36 able 9.— Recreation: N um ber of fam ilies O ccupational group, fam ily type, and incom e class (1) Average m oney expenditure for recreation P aid adim issions E ligible R eport ing ex pendi tures T otal (2) (3) (4) M ovies Other (5) (6) E q u ip m ent for gam es and sports (7) Other (8) Types IV and V $500-$749_ ___________________ $750-$999 ___ ___ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250-$2,499___________________ $2,500-$2,999___________________ $3,000-$3,499___________________ $3,500-$3,999___________________ $4,000-$4,999___________________ $5,000-$7,499___________________ $7,500 and over___ ____________ 198 364 362 482 608 664 652 516 794 222 212 222 236 100 10 23 32 50 70 71 57 66 72 47 29 49 33 21 $16 16 29 25 40 42 59 56 62 75 112 149 171 306 $8 8 10 11 16 15 20 23 28 33 39 49 47 56 $1 2 2 2 2 4 7 7 10 11 14 25 $2 3 1 4 5 6 2 4 7 20 13 21 35 $8 6 15 11 18 20 31 27 23 28 43 76 89 190 Footnotes for Tables in Expenditure Tabular Summary A t l a n t a (W h it e ) table 1 1 See glossary, appendix B , for eligib ility requirem ents. * M o n ey incom e is equal to th e sum of m on ey expenditure (colum n 7) plus net surplus or deficit (colum n 8) plus n et balancing difference (colum n 9). 3 N on m on ey incom e from housing includes inputed incom e from ow ned fam ily or vacation hom es plus rent received as pay or gift (average am ounts based on all fam ilies, w hether or not th ey reported such non m oney in com e). 4 Includes purchases on cash or credit basis. D oes not include m oney disbursem ents resulting in an increase in fam ily assets or a decrease in liabilities. (E xam ples of disbursem ents not treated as expenditures w ill be found in the glossary, appendix B .) 8 See glossary, appendix B , for definitions of surplus and deficit. 8 R epresents the average net difference betw een reported m on ey receipts and reported m oney disburse m ents. See glossary, appendix B . A m axim um balancing difference w ith in 5.5 percent w as allow able on each schedule. T A B L E 1-A 1 A surplus represents an increase in assets or a decrease in liabilities, or both; a deficit represents a decrease in assets or an increase in liabilities, or both. 2 Som e fam ilies reported neither surplus nor deficit for th e year; therefore the sum of colum ns 5 and 6 does not alw ays equal 100 percent. 3 Since the average am ounts in these tw o colum ns are based on the num ber of fam ilies reporting surplus or deficit, respectively, th ey do not add to the average net surplus or deficit show n in colum n 4. TABLE 2 1T he averages in this table include m oney expenditure for goods and services purchased on either cash or credit basis. T h ey do not include value of goods and services received w ithout m oney expense. Averages are based on all fam ilies, w hether or not th ey reported expenditures for the specified catagories. 2 H ousing expenditures include the m oney expenses of hom e owners and rent contracted for b y renting fam ilies for fam ily hom es and other housing. T he value of fuel, light, and refrigeration is included w hen furnished b y the landlord and included in the rental rate. 3 Includes all expenditures for operation and m aintenance (see table 8), and the net purchase price (gross price less trade-in allowance) of autom obiles bought during the schedule year. T h e proportion of autom o bile expense chargeable to business has been deducted. See glossary, appendix B . 4 Includes paid adm issions, equipm ent and supplies for gam es, sports, and other recreation, club dues, and the like. D oes not include expense for transportation, food, or lodging w hile on vacation. 8 T axes include on ly poll, incom e, and personal property taxes. A ll other taxes, such as those on real estate, am usem ents and retail sales taxes, are included as a part of the expenditure for these item s. G ifts do not include gifts from one m em ber of the econom ic fam ily to another. TABLE 3 i Includes expenditures for board at school, w hich am ounted to less than 5 percent of average food expense for all fam ilies. A m ong fam ilies in the business and professional categories, it am ounted at m ost to an average of $101, at the incom e level $7,500 and over. For fam ilies of typ es IV and V , it am ounted at m ost to $127, at the incom e level $7,500 and over. 1 See glossary, appendix B , for m ethod of deriving this figure. TABLE 4 2 A verage am ounts for renting fam ilies based on rental rate contracted for. V alue of fuel, light, and refrigeration is included w hen furnished b y the landlord and included in th e rental rate. See table 4-A for percentage of fam ilies for w hom these facilities were included as part of the rent. 2 See table 4-A for separation of expense for ow ning and renting fam ilies. 145 146 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 3 Includes net m oney expenditure for ow ned or rented vacation hom es, lodging w hile traveling or on vacation, and room at school. * See glossary, appendix B , for m ethod of deriving th is figure. Includes nonm oney incom e from ow ned vacation hom es, w hich am ounted at m ost to an average of less than $1 for all fam ilies at an y incom e level. 8 Percentages based on th e average value of all housing (colum n 6). T A B L E 4-A 1 T hese tw o percentages do not alw ays add to 100, since fam ilies th at both ow ned and rented during the year, or received rent as gift or pay, are not included in colum ns 4 through 7. 1 Percentages based on renting fam ilies reporting these facilities included in rent at the end of th e schedule year. TABLE 5 1 E xcludes value of fuel, ligh t, and refrigeration furnished b y the landlord and included in th e rental rate. F uel received w ith ou t expense is not included in this average, b ut am ounted to less than 5 percent of the m oney expense for fuel, light, and refrigeration for all fam ilies. 1 See glossary, appendix B , for item s included. TABLE 6 1 V alue of clothing gifts from one fam ily m em ber to another are included in th e average expenditure for the m em ber receiving such gifts. G ifts of clothing to or from individuals ou tside the econom ic fam ily are excluded. 2 For fam ilies of ty p e I, averages and percentages show n in colum ns 7 and 10 are for ind ivid u als w ho were m em bers of the econom ic fam ily less than 27 w eeks, and were therefore not considered equivalen t m em bers in determ ining fam ily type. See glossary, appendix B , for m ethod of classifying fam ilies b y type. TABLE 7 i See glossary, appendix B , for item s included. TABLE 8 1 T o obtain the average expense of operation for fam ilies ow ning autom obiles, divide the average show n in this colum n by th e corresponding figure in colum n 4 and m u ltip ly b y 100. * T o obtain the average net purchase price (gross price less trade-in allowance) for fam ilies purchasing autom obiles, d ivide th e average show n in th is colum n b y th e corresponding figure in colum n 5 and m u l tip ly b y 100. TABLE 9 * See glossary, appendix B , for item s included. TABULAR SUMMARY 147 A T L A N T A , G A. T Number of eligible families, number reporting expenditures, average net money and nonmoney income, average money expenditure for family living, net surplus or deficit, and balancing difference, by occupation, family type, and income, in 1 year, 1935— 86 able 1.— Balance of family income and expenditure: [Negro nonrelief fam ilies including husband and wife, both native born] N um ber of fam ilies Occupational group, fam ily typ e, and incom e class (1) R eport E lig ib le 1 ing ex pendi tures (2) (3) Average net incom e T otal (4) Average m oney e x p e n d i N o n ture for oney fam M o n e y 2 mfrom livinily4 g h o u sin g 3 (5) (6) (7) Average Average net sur net bal plus or ancing deficit differ (_ )5 ence 6 (8) (9) A ll families 182 980 1, 926 1,508 698 376 62 64 56 60 36 26 10 20 24 134 194 161 120 99 26 25 22 24 17 9 5 9 $191 390 634 864 1,116 1,360 1,648 1,891 2,136 2,364 2,700 3,316 3,845 5,387 $177 378 623 835 1,064 1,289 1,559 1,866 2,018 2,237 2,534 3,207 3,784 5,130 $14 12 11 29 52 71 89 25 118 127 166 109 61 257 $280 420 631 812 1,018 1,206 1,434 1,617 1,716 1,823 1,856 2,358 2,731 3,597 —$98 -3 2 2 27 59 87 140 267 301 420 695 810 1,008 1,509 —$5 -1 0 -1 0 -4 -1 3 -4 -1 5 -1 8 1 -6 -1 7 39 45 24 182 872 1,742 1,342 590 298 24 103 123 99 73 62 191 390 634 862 1,118 1,359 177 378 625 836 1,071 1,298 14 12 9 26 47 61 280 418 633 807 1,018 1,199 -9 8 -3 0 2 32 66 101 -5 -1 0 -1 0 -3 -1 3 -2 10 54 44 46 24 20 22 28 66 5 27 22 23 12 9 9 11 28 407 639 869 1,141 1,379 1,599 1,905 2,142 2,788 452 626 814 1,076 1,273 1,536 1,970 2,081 2,682 -4 5 13 55 65 106 63 -6 5 61 106 505 643 806 1,071 1,223 1,322 1,981 1,687 1,964 -5 0 -9 33 15 60 208 44 387 714 -3 -8 -2 5 -1 0 -1 0 6 -5 5 7 4 $250-$499____________________ 82 $500-$749____________________ 100 $750-$999____________________ 90 40 $1,000-$1,249________________ 26 $1,250-$1,499________________ 20 $1,500-$1,749________________ $1,750-$1,999________________ 22 $2,000-$2,249________________ 10 $2,250 and over. _ __________ 24 See p. 188 for notes on this table. 21 29 24 13 13 7 6 4 10 398 636 880 1,078 1, 351 1,697 1,909 2,146 3,883 386 603 834 990 1,218 1, 567 1,848 1,899 3,680 12 33 46 88 133 130 61 247 203 458 614 872 949 1,231 1, 348 1, 413 1, 551 2,297 -6 7 -2 -3 0 55 -1 0 249 424 342 1,323 -5 -9 -8 -1 4 -3 -3 0 11 6 60 U nder $250— _____________ $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249________________ $1,250-$1,499________________ $1,500-$1,749________________ $1,750-$1,999________________ $2,000-$2,249________________ $2,250-$2,499________________ $2,500-$2,999________________ $3,000-$3,499________________ $3,500-$3,999________________ $4,000 and over_____________ Occupational group; Wage earner U nder $250_______ _________ $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249________________ $1,250-$1,499________________ Clerical $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249________________ $1,250-$1,499________________ $1,500-$1,749________________ $1, 750-$l, 999________________ $2,000-$2,249________________ $2,250 and over____________ Independent business and professional 148 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES A T L A N T A , G A. T 1.— Balance of family income and expenditure: Number of eligible families, number reporting expenditures, average net money and nonmoney income, average money expenditure for family living, net surplus or deficit, and balancing difference, by occupation, family type, and income, in 1 year, 1935-36— Continued able N um ber of fam ilies O ccupational group, fam ily typ e, and incom e class (1) R eport E ligible ing ex pendi tures (3) (2) Average net incom e T otal (4) A verage m oney e x p e n d i N on ture for oney fam ily M oney mfrom livin g housing (5) (6) (7) Average Average net sur net bal plus or ancing deficit differ ence (-) (8) (9) Salaried business and professional $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249________________ $1,250-$1,499________________ $1,500-$1,749________________ $1,750-$1,999________________ $2,000-$2,249________________ $2,250 and over. __________ 16 30 32 22 28 22 20 18 62 5 15 16 11 12 10 10 7 26 $353 646 876 1,108 1, 363 1, 651 1,858 2,122 3,133 $271 581 826 1,011 1,276 1, 573 1, 773 1,988 2,968 $82 65 50 97 87 78 85 134 165 $263 575 852 1,051 1,248 1,617 1,441 1,854 2,452 $14 8 -2 0 -2 6 54 -2 0 340 144 527 —$6 -2 -6 -1 4 -2 6 -2 4 -8 -1 0 -1 1 88 422 678 516 212 118 44 28 9 34 62 54 26 25 15 11 178 377 630 871 1,119 1,345 1,876 3, 330 154 362 612 829 1,067 1,281 1,819 3,227 24 15 18 42 52 64 57 103 252 423 609 777 1,021 1,216 1,439 2,030 -9 5 -5 4 11 55 74 82 380 1,193 -3 -7 -8 -3 -2 8 -1 7 (*) 4 24 122 308 164 56 22 24 26 4 21 24 16 14 11 9 10 210 387 662 849 1,134 1,369 1, 985 2,632 203 383 660 841 1,048 1,291 1,909 2, 492 7 4 2 8 86 78 76 140 245 410 651 817 933 1,193 1, 673 1, 856 -3 3 -1 5 15 35 115 103 247 633 -9 -1 2 -6 -1 1 (*) -5 -1 1 3 6 80 162 76 40 10 14 4 2 13 18 16 16 5 6 2 (t ) (t ) (t) 430 636 825 1,047 1,202 1, 730 (t) -9 5 51 57 35 199 (t ) (t ) (t) -1 2 -1 1 4 -2 -3 6 3 (t) Family type: Type I U nder $250__________________ $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249________________ $1,250-$1,499________________ $l,500-$2,249________________ $2,250 and over. __________ Type II U nder $250__________________ $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249________________ $1,250-$1,499________________ $l,500-$2,249________________ $2,250 and over_____ ______ Type III U nder $250______ _________ $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249________________ $1,250-$1,499________________ $l,500-$2,249________________ $2,250 and over_____ ____ 416 635 881 1,124 1, 338 2,030 (t) 409 630 880 1,102 1,201 1, 932 (t) (t ) 7 5 1 22 137 98 (t ) Type I V U nder $250__________________ 40 229 221 5 194 392 $250-$499____________________ 28 380 $500-$749____________________ 348 621 37 608 $750-$999____________________ 390 851 819 37 210 $1,000-$1,249________________ 23 1,107 1,042 130 19 1,381 $1,250-$1,499________________ 1, 303 $l,500-$2,249________________ 52 22 1, 804 1,722 $2,250 and over_________ _ . 48 19 3,185 3,045 * A verage am ounts of less th an $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are t A verages and percentages not com puted for fewer than 3 cases. 8 286 12 416 13 637 32 817 65 984 78 1,177 82 1, 578 140 2, 334 not show n, -5 7 -2 5 -1 9 3 64 116 167 663 -8 -1 1 -1 0 -1 -6 10 -2 3 48 TABULAR SUMMARY 149 ATLANTA, GA. T Number of eligible families, number reporting expenditures, average net money and nonmoney income, average money expenditure for family living, net surplus or deficit, and balancing difference, by occupation, family type, and income, in 1 year, 1985-86— Continued able 1.— Balance of family income and expenditure: N um ber of fam ilies Occupational group, fam ily typ e, and incom e class (1) ReportE ligible ing expenditures (2) (3) Average net incom e Total (4) Average m oney e x p e n d i N o n ture for oney fam ily M oney mfrom livin g housing (5) (6) (7) A verage A verage net sur net bal plus or ancing deficit differ ence ( - ) (8) (9) Type V U nder $250______ ________ __ $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249________________ $1,250-$1,499________________ $l,500-$2,249________________ $2,250 and over ___ _______ 4 62 138 178 96 40 34 24 2 11 21 14 15 12 15 11 14 54 170 80 24 22 2 6 1 19 21 11 12 11 1 3 6 46 122 104 60 34 12 16 1 8 11 13 14 16 5 8 (t ) $398 616 900 1,132 1, 355 1,884 3,262 (t ) $384 608 884 1,093 1,311 1,803 3,034 (t ) (t ) $397 615 876 1,049 1, 225 1,633 2, 364 (t ) (t ) (t ) (t) (t ) $14 8 16 39 44 81 228 -$ 4 4 5 39 91 178 706 —$9 -1 1 3 5 -5 -8 -3 6 Type V I U nder $250__________________ $250-$499____________________ $500-$749___ ________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249________________ $1,250-$1,499________________ $l,500-$2,249________________ $2,250 and over_____ _______ 386 648 833 1,133 1, 382 (t ) 2,381 374 648 796 1,061 1,268 (t ) 2,173 (t ) 12 37 72 114 (t ) 208 387 667 794 1,081 1,231 (t ) 1,708 (t ) (* ) (t) -9 12 -4 44 (t ) 501 -1 3 -1 0 -1 0 -1 6 -7 (t) -3 6 (t) (t ) (t ) (t ) (t ) (t ) (* ) Type V II Under $250___________ ______ $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249________________ $1,250-$1,499________________ $l,500-$2,249________________ $2,250 and over____ __ 458 625 857 1,088 1,328 1,838 3,002 436 604 832 1,080 1,280 1, 756 2,921 22 21 25 8 48 82 81 486 641 853 1,114 1,265 1, 670 2, 572 * Average am ounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not show n, t Averages and percentages not com puted for fewer than 3 cases. -3 8 -1 6 -4 -8 26 120 370 -1 2 -2 1 -1 7 -2 6 -1 1 -3 4 -2 1 150 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES A T L A N T A , G A. T Percentage of families having a surplus or deficit, and average amounts reported, by occupation, family type, and income, in 1 year, 1935-36 1 able 1-A.— Net surplus or deficit: [Negro nonrelief fam ilies including husband and w ife, b o th n ative bornl N um ber of fam ilies O ccupational group, fam ily type, and incom e class (1) A verage net surplus or R eporting deficit Eligible expendi (-) tures (2) (3) (4) Percentage of fam i- Average am ount for ilies having 2— fam ilies having 3— Surplus D eficit Surplus D eficit (5) (6) (7) (8) A ll families U nder $250____________________ $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000— $1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250-$2,499___________________ $2,500-$2,999___________________ $3,000-$3,499___________________ $3j500-$3j999___________________ $4/)00 and over. _ . . . __ . Occupational group: Wage earner U nder $250_______ _ __ $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ Clerical $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and over. _______________ 182 980 1,926 1,508 698 376 62 64 56 60 36 26 10 20 24 134 194 161 120 99 26 25 22 24 17 9 5 9 —$98 -3 2 2 27 59 87 140 267 301 420 695 810 1,008 1,509 29 50 63 69 81 85 76 84 86 90 94 100 100 100 67 41 26 29 19 15 17 16 14 10 6 $10 20 32 71 98 127 255 378 383 476 756 810 1,008 1,509 $150 102 69 77 105 142 321 333 189 80 339 182 872 1,742 1,342 590 298 24 103 123 99 73 62 -9 8 -3 0 2 32 66 101 29 50 64 69 83 89 67 42 25 28 17 11 10 20 31 71 97 128 150 96 71 60 83 116 10 54 44 46 24 20 22 28 66 5 27 22 23 12 9 9 11 28 -5 0 -9 33 15 60 208 44 387 714 60 59 82 65 67 76 64 86 94 20 30 18 35 33 12 36 14 6 15 37 54 109 138 305 302 456 764 295 105 60 161 96 200 407 28 54 82 100 90 40 26 20 22 10 24 21 29 24 13 13 7 6 4 10 -6 7 -2 -3 0 55 -1 0 249 424 342 1,323 50 55 58 83 69 90 100 100 100 47 ,34 39 17 31 16 40 77 103 84 277 424 342 1,323 159 72 194 186 221 16 30 32 22 28 22 20 18 62 5 15 16 11 12 10 10 7 26 14 8 -2 0 -2 6 54 -2 0 340 144 527 62 53 50 54 79 64 90 78 94 Independent business and professional $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$! ,749 _____________ _. $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249 __________________ $2,250 and m ore _______ ______ Salaried business and professional $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and o v e r ... _________ __ See p. 188 for notes on th is table. 33 38 46 21 36 10 22 6 22 51 114 112 139 173 380 284 580 57 205 191 257 357 20 347 236 TABULAR SUMMARY 151 A T L A N T A , G A. T Percentage of families having a surplus or deficit, and average amounts reported, by occupation, family type , and income, in 1 year, 1935-36— Continued able 1—A.— Net surplus or deficit: N um ber of fam ilies O ccupational group, fam ily typ e, and incom e class (1) A verage net sur plus or R eporting deficit Eligible expendi (-) tures (2) (3) (4) Percentage of fam Average am ount for ilies having— fam ilies having— Surplus D eficit Surplus D eficit (5) (6) (7) (8) Family type: Type I Under $250___ __ _ _ ____ __ $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and over. _ ________ _ 88 422 678 516 212 118 44 28 9 34 62 54 26 25 15 11 —$95 -5 4 11 55 74 82 380 1,193 33 51 57 77 77 83 82 93 67 45 29 22 23 17 18 7 $12 18 37 85 130 145 516 1, 290 $148 141 34 51 113 218 235 80 24 122 308 164 56 22 24 26 4 21 24 16 14 11 9 10 -3 3 -1 5 15 35 115 103 247 633 35 68 57 93 91 92 92 75 33 24 33 7 9 8 23 34 88 133 132 270 698 44 69 33 45 127 187 136 6 80 162 76 40 10 14 4 2 13 18 16 16 5 6 2 (t)- 9 (t) 69 (t) 31 (t) 16 (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) 40 194 348 390 210 130 52 48 28 37 37 23 19 22 19 Type II U nder $250_____________________ $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and over______ _ Type III U nder $250_________________ _ $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and o v e r .. __ . . . Type I V U nder $ 2 5 0 ..____ __ $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and over___________ . . . 5 5 51 57 35 199 -5 7 -2 5 -1 9 3 64 116 167 663 78 79 62 60 71 13 15 30 40 29 29 71 139 132 417 60 43 67 54 92 90 85 96 40 47 26 46 8 10 12 4 10 19 27 64 77 131 257 693 (t) 63 (t) 37 (t) 29 65 142 34 100 110 345 158 70 145 67 89 20 400 35 Type V U nder $250. _ ------------------------4 2 (t) -4 62 11 $250-$499_______________________ 4 $500-$749_______________________ 138 21 5 $750-$999_______________________ 178 14 39 $1,000-$1,249___________________ 96 15 *12 91 $1,250-$1,499___________________ 40 34 15 178 $l,500-$2,249___________________ 706 24 1 11 $2,250 and over---------------t A verages and percentages not com puted for fewer than 3 cases. 125018°—40— il 63 67 75 90 88 100 29 24 25 10 12 33 45 72 110 270 706 (t) 59 58 104 60 80 520 152 F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S A T L A N T A , G A. T 1— — Net surplus or deficit: A. Percentage of fam ilies having a surplus or deficit, and average am ounts reported, by occupation, fa m ily ty p e, and incom e, in 1 year, 1935-36 — Continued able N um ber of fam ilies O ccupational group, fam ily typ e, and incom e class (1) Average net sur plus or R eporting deficit Eligible expendi (-) tures (2) (3) (4) Percentage of fam Average am ount for ilies having— fam ilies having— Surplus D eficit Surplus D eficit (5) (6) (7) (8) (t) (t) (t) Type V I U nder $250_____________________ $250-$499_______________________ $5004749_______________________ $7504999_______________________ $1,00041,249___________________ $1,25041,499___________________ $1,50042,249___________________ $2,250 and o v e r .. _ _ _ _ _ 14 54 170 80 24 22 2 6 1 19 21 11 12 11 1 3 (t) (*) —$9 12 -4 44 (t) 501 (t) 6 46 122 104 60 34 12 16 1 8 11 13 14 16 5 8 (t) -3 8 -1 6 -4 -8 26 120 370 (t) 59 54 79 83 82 (t) 100 (t) 21 28 21 17 18 $20 26 47 61 82 (t) 501 (t) $56 82 118 329 126 Type V II U nder $250_____________________ $2504499_______________________ $5004749_______________________ $7504999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,25041,499___________________ $1,50042,249___________________ $2,250 and o v e r _ _ ___ ______ _ 50 66 87 62 76 50 88 (t) 50 23 13 38 24 50 12 * A verage am ounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not show n, t Averages and percentages not com puted for fewer than 3 cases. (t) 32 24 53 56 90 292 471 (t) 108 138 388 113 183 53 338 T able 2 .— Summary of family expenditure: A T L A N T A , G A. Average money expenditure for specified groups of goods and services , by occupation, fam ily type , and incom e , in 1 year , 1935-36 1 [Negro nonrelief fam ilies including husband and wife, both native born] N um ber of fam ilies Occupational group, fam ily typ e, and incom e class (2) (3) (4) H ousehold operation T otal Food (5) (6) Fur nish ings C loth H ous F uel, and ing a light, ing equip and Other m ent refrig eration (10) (11) (7) (8) (9) (12) Other P er M ed i trans cal R ecre T o R ead porta sonal care ation * bacco ing tion care (13) (14) (15) Con For tribu m al tions Other edu and cation per item s sonal ta x e s5 (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) 3 5 11 16 25 32 29 39 54 69 45 85 59 169 4 10 15 19 27 25 20 13 20 31 24 46 62 26 2 5 8 10 12 13 19 21 19 21 28 42 37 45 (* \ 2 4 5 11 13 30 32 47 59 19 195 2 9 17 31 42 60 52 63 91 102 116 125 76 279 (21) A verage m oney expenditure in dollars AU families Under $250... $250-$499....................... $500-$749............... $750-$999__________ $1,000-$1,249._............. $1,250-$1,499______ $1,500-$1,749________ $1,750— $1,999________ $2,000-$2,249____ $2,250-$2,499................. $2,500-$2,999................. $3,000-$3,499______ $3,500-$3,999___............ $4,000 and over A u to m o bile 3 182 980 1,926 1,508 698 376 62 64 56 60 36 26 10 20 24 134 194 161 120 99 26 25 22 24 17 9 5 9 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 4.1 3.4 4.0 4.2 3.9 3.2 3.0 4.8 280 420 631 812 1,018 1,206 1,434 1, 617 1, 716 1,823 1,856 2, 358 2, 731 3 597 101 154 228 260 303 331 409 414 504 504 496 563 490 704 78 101 114 123 140 141 151 253 201 203 171 204 271 229 32 46 61 67 79 91 108 121 125 134 125 169 134 178 8 11 18 25 33 58 79 77 100 94 119 214 184 255 10 9 18 32 46 57 50 33 40 87 74 74 31 109 10 27 55 94 126 158 199 217 201 220 290 364 429 555 1 7 19 47 65 104 137 169 121 103 198 482 584 4 8 20 34 43 51 38 50 33 53 31 68 42 41 6 11 18 24 33 39 41 41 43 48 53 70 56 119 19 19 36 50 56 70 88 94 76 82 118 105 266 105 1 3 3 4 1 4 34 14 8 7 4 12 112 4 TABULAR SUM M ARY (1) A ver age num ber of R ep ort persons E ligi ing ex per ble pendi fam ily tures See p. 188 for notes on this table. •Average am ounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. C n C O T able 2. — Summary of family expenditure: Average money expenditure for specified groups of goods and services , by occupation, fam ily type , and income , in 1 year , 1985— — Continued 36 (1) A ver age num ber of R ep ort Eligi ing ex persons per ble pendi fam ily tures (2) (3) (4) T otal Food (5) (6) Fur nish ings C loth H ous Fuel, and ing ing light, equip and Other m ent refrig eration (9) (10) (7) (8) (ID 182 980 1, 926 1,508 698 376 62 64 56 60 36 26 10 20 24 134 194 161 120 99 26 25 22 24 17 9 5 9 3.0 3.2 3.5 3. 5 3.7 3.7 4.1 3.4 4.0 4.2 3.9 3.2 3.0 4.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 36.1 36.8 36.2 32.0 29.8 27.5 28.6 25.6 29.5 27.6 26.7 23.9 18.0 19.6 27.8 24.1 18.1 15.1 13.8 11.7 10.5 15.6 11.7 11.1 9.2 8.7 9.9 6.4 11.4 11.0 9.7 8.3 7.8 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.3 7.3 6.7 7.2 4.9 4.9 2.8 2.6 2.8 3.1 3.2 4.8 5.5 4.8 5.8 5.1 6.4 9.1 6. 7 7.1 (13) (14) (15) Con For tribu m al tions Other edu and cation per item s sonal taxes (16) (17) (18) (19) 1.1 1.2 1.7 2.0 2.4 2.7 2.0 2.4 3.1 3.8 2.4 3.6 2.2 4.7 1.4 2.4 2.4 2.3 2.6 2.1 1.4 .8 1.2 1.7 1.3 2.0 2.3 .7 0.7 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.2 1.5 1.8 1.4 1.3 0.1 .2 .3 .5 .5 .9 .9 1.9 1.9 2.6 3.2 .8 5.4 3 5 11 15 25 32 4 10 15 19 28 27 2 5 8 10 12 12 (20) (21) 3.6 2.1 2.8 3.9 4.5 4.7 3.5 2.0 2.3 4.8 4.0 3.1 1.1 3.0 3.6 6.4 8.7 11.6 12.4 13.1 14.0 13.4 11.7 12.1 15. 6 15.4 15.7 15.4 0.2 1.1 2.3 4.7 5.4 7.2 8.5 9.8 67 5.6 8.3 17.6 16.3 1.4 1.9 3.2 4.2 4.2 4.2 2.6 3.1 1.9 2.9 1.7 2.9 1.5 1.1 2.1 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.2 2.9 2.5 2.5 2.6 2.9 3.0 2.1 3.3 6.8 4.5 5.7 6.2 5.5 5.8 6.1 5.8 4.4 4.5 6.4 4.4 9.7 2.9 0.7 2.1 2.7 3.8 41 5.0 3.6 3.9 5.3 5.6 6.2 5.3 2.8 7.8 0.4 .7 .5 .5 .1 .3 2.4 .9 .5 .4 .2 .5 4.1 .1 2 8 17 30 42 60 1 2 3 5 1 4 Average m oney expenditure in dollars Occupational grouj.: Wage earner U nder $250___ ___ $250-$499____________ $500-$749____________ $750-$999..................... $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$!,499........... (12) Other edi trans Per Mcal Recre T o R ead porta sonal care ation bacco ing care tion Percentage of total m oney expenditures A ll families Under $250............. .. $250-$499____ _____ $500-$749____________ $750-$999......... .............. $1,000-$1,249________ $1,250-$1,499________ $1,500-$1,749________ $1,750-$1,999________ $2,000-$2,249________ $2,250-$2,499-............. $2,500-$2,999________ $3,000-$3,499................ $3,500-$3,999________ $4,000 and over_____ A uto m o bile 182 872 1,742 1,342 590 298 24 103 123 99 73 62 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 280 418 633 807 1,018 1,199 101 154 228 260 301 329 78 101 116 121 143 141 32 46 62 67 77 88 8 11 17 24 30 55 10 9 19 32 49 60 10 28 56 94 132 163 (*) 6 19 39 57 4 8 20 34 46 55 6 11 18 23 33 40 19 19 36 51 55 65 (*) 1 1 3 5 11 F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S H ousehold operation N um ber of fam ilies Occupational group, fam ily type, and incom e class A T L A N T A , GA. Percentage of total m oney expenditures Wage earner Under $250. $250-$499_ $500-$749____________ $750-$999____________ $1,00G-$1,249________ $1,250-$1,499________ 182 872 1, 742 1,342 590 298 24 103 123 99 73 62 3.0 3.2 3.5 3.5 3.7 3.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 36.1 36.8 36.0 32.2 29.6 27.5 27.8 24.2 18.3 15.0 14.0 11.8 11.4 11.0 9.8 8.3 7.6 7.3 2.8 2.6 2.7 3.0 2.9 4.6 3.6 2.2 3.0 4.0 4.8 5.0 1.4 1.9 3.1 4.2 4.5 4.6 2.1 2.6 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.3 6.8 4.5 5.7 6.3 5.4 5.4 1.1 1.2 1.7 1.8 2.4 2.7 1.4 2.4 2.4 2.4 2.8 2.3 0. 7 1.2 1.3 1.2 1.2 1.0 0.1 .2 .2 .4 .5 .9 0.7 1.9 2.7 3.7 4.1 5.0 4 14 18 30 32 33 43 51 44 8 16 18 19 24 25 10 16 45 8 10 10 13 12 12 21 17 23 1 4 2 6 3 18 23 33 44 14 19 23 28 47 61 62 86 107 0.8 2.2 2.2 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.2 3.0 2.3 1.6 2.5 2.2 1.8 2.0 1.9 .5 .9 2.3 1.6 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.0 .9 1.1 1.0 1.2 0.2 .6 .2 .6 .2 1.4 1.2 2.0 2.3 2.8 2.9 2.9 2.6 3.8 4.6 3.1 5.1 5.4 0.4 .5 .5 .6 .1 .3 5 27 22 23 12 9 9 11 28 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.8 3.1 3.4 3.8 4.6 4.0 505 643 806 1,071 1,223 1,322 1,981 1,687 1,964 196 235 265 331 319 410 460 504 546 137 108 139 158 131 146 357 198 201 44 56 76 87 96 106 125 118 136 15 23 25 37 59 56 81 81 122 15 11 27 31 61 32 34 56 71 23 66 88 102 172 181 227 249 282 7 5 107 96 107 269 111 125 14 18 28 33 52 37 45 39 53 12 18 30 33 39 40 50 40 48 14 37 52 55 74 54 135 74 109 1 1 6 4 39 14 8 (*) Percentage of total m oney expenditures 10 54 44 46 24 20 22 28 66 5 27 22 23 12 9 9 11 28 3.0 3.2 3.0 3.8 3.1 3.4 3.8 4.6 4.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 38.7 36.5 33.0 30.9 26.1 31.0 23.2 29.9 27.8 27.1 16.8 17.3 14.8 10.7 11.1 18.0 11.7 10.2 8.7 8.7 9.4 8.1 7.8 8.0 6.3 7.0 6.9 3.0 3.6 3.1 3.4 4.8 4.2 4.1 4.8 6.2 3.0 1.7 3.3 2.9 5.0 2.4 1.7 3.3 3.6 4.5 10.3 10.9 9.5 14.1 13.7 11.4 14.8 14.4 1.1 .6 10.0 7.9 8.1 13.6 6.6 6.3 2.8 2.8 3.5 3.1 4.2 2.8 2.3 2.3 2.7 2.4 2.8 3.7 3.1 3.2 3.0 2.5 2.4 2.5 2.8 5.7 6.5 5.1 6.1 4.1 6.8 4.4 5.5 0.2 (*) .1 .5 .3 2.0 .8 .4 TABULAR SUM M A RY 10 54 44 46 24 20 22 28 66 Clerical $250-$499____________ $500-$749____________ $750-$999____________ $1,000-$1,249________ $1,250-$1,499________ $1,500-$1,749_._........... $1,750-$1,999........... $2,000-$2,249________ $2,250 and over_____ 0.1 1.0 2.4 3.9 4.7 Average m oney expenditure in dollars Clerical $250-$499_____ ______ $500-$749____________ $750-$999____________ $1,000-$1,249________ $1,250-$1,499________ $1,500-$1,749............... $1,750-$1,999________ $2,000-$2,249________ $2,250 and over_____ 3.6 6.7 8.8 11.6 13.0 13.6 •Average am ounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not show n. Oi Cn 2 .— Sum m ary of fam ily expenditure: Average money expenditure for specified groups of goods and services , by occupation , fam ily type, and income , m I year , 1985-86 — Continued Occupational group, family type, and Report income class Eligi ing ex ble pendi tures (1) Independent business and professional $250 $499 ........ .......... $500-$749 _________ $750-$999 ________ $1,000-$1,249 ______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249 ___ $2,250 and over____ Independent business and professional $250-$499 ________ $500-$749 _________ $750-$999 ...... ......... $1,000-$1,249 ______ $1,250-$1,499............... $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249 ____ $2,250 and over------- (2) (3) Aver age num ber of Total persons per family (4) (5) Household operation Food (6) Furnishings Cloth Auto Hous Fuel, and ing mo ing light, bile and Other equip ment refrig eration (7) (8) (9) (10) (ID (12) Con Other Per Medi For tribu tions Other trans cal Recre To Read mal porta sonal care ation bacco ing edu and items per tion care cation sonal taxes (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) Average money expenditure in dollars 82 100 90 40 26 20 22 10 24 21 29 24 13 13 7 6 4 10 2.9 3.1 3.7 3.4 3.5 4.3 3.0 3.2 3.5 458 614 872 949 1,231 1,348 1,413 1, 551 2,297 152 221 277 302 363 428 439 541 463 105 95 123 104 125 137 180 162 227 47 60 70 97 95 94 102 141 146 14 22 36 50 63 95 66 118 181 16 8 33 45 40 36 18 3 67 21 47 99 81 123 188 240 123 295 2 15 45 55 98 103 18 67 387 9 19 38 17 24 36 59 35 26 11 16 24 21 37 42 35 35 55 25 53 40 63 98 73 103 109 93 10 6 13 18 32 16 33 51 96 11 17 16 20 15 21 16 27 19 7 10 12 12 18 19 22 20 26 1 5 11 7 20 6 16 50 49 9 19 34 45 73 49 66 69 155 2.2 1.0 1.5 1.9 2.6 1.2 2.3 3.3 4.2 2.4 2.8 1.8 2.1 1.2 1.6 1.1 1.7 .8 1.5 1.6 1.4 1.3 1.5 1.4 1.5 1.3 1.1 0.2 .8 1.3 .7 1.6 .4 1.1 3.2 2.1 2.0 3.1 3.9 4.7 5.9 3.6 4.7 4.4 18 1 1 12 7 5 (*) 12 Percentage of total money expenditures 82 100 90 40 26 20 22 10 24 21 29 24 13 13 7 6 4 10 2.9 3.1 3.7 3.4 3.5 4.3 3.0 3.2 3.5 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 33.2 36.0 31.8 31.9 29.5 31.8 31.1 35.0 20.2 22.9 15.5 14.1 11.0 10.2 10.2 12.7 10.4 9.9 10.3 9.8 8.0 10.2 7.7 7.0 7.2 9.1 6.4 3.0 3.6 4.1 5.3 5.1 7.0 4.7 7.6 7.9 3.5 1.3 3.8 4.7 3.2 2.7 1.3 .2 2.9 4.6 7.6 11.3 8.5 10.0 13.9 17.0 7.9 12.8 0.4 2.4 5.1 5.8 8.0 7.6 1.3 4.3 16.9 2.0 3.1 4.4 1.8 1.9 2.7 4.2 2.3 1.1 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.2 3.0 3.1 2.5 2.3 2.4 5.5 8.6 4.6 6.6 8.0 5.4 7.3 7.0 4.0 6.8 3.9 .2 .1 1.3 .6 .4 (*) .5 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES Number of families 156 A TL A N TA , GA. T able Salaried business and professional $250-$499 ______ $500-$749___________ $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249_______ $2,250 and over.......... Family type: Type I Under $250 ~ $250-$499 $500-$749___________ $750-$999_______ _ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $l,500-$2,249_______ $2,250 and over_____ 16 30 32 22 28 22 20 18 62 5 15 16 11 12 10 10 7 26 2.9 3.4 2.8 3.0 3.6 4.7 3.3 3.7 4.2 263 575 852 1,051 1,248 1,617 1,441 1,854 2,452 95 223 245 304 345 391 339 482 557 55 104 163 109 159 168 219 228 197 30 61 65 79 105 123 137 125 150 14 19 36 53 86 84 84 121 162 2 5 22 11 29 80 47 35 97 19 51 91 127 127 225 181 171 368 4 8 10 142 103 102 122 315 243 7 29 41 16 38 42 47 24 51 7 18 23 38 34 41 38 53 82 13 20 47 63 88 134 40 62 117 (*) ^ 3 17 19 23 36 41 59 109 1 9 6 23 15 16 12 22 27 4 8 19 13 20 26 20 20 40 1 2 16 2 7 15 51 21 84 11 13 51 50 66 48 61 113 147 0.1 .5 2.0 1.8 1.8 2.2 2.8 3.2 4.4 0.4 1.6 .7 2.2 1.2 1.0 .8 1.2 1.1 1.5 1.4 2.2 1.2 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.1 1.6 0.4 .3 1.9 .2 .6 .9 3.5 1.1 3.4 4.2 2.3 6.0 4.8 5.3 3.0 4.2 6.1 6.0 1 2 8 9 20 28 28 61 5 11 16 22 30 27 18 51 2 5 9 11 11 13 19 34 (*) (*) 2 14 25 46 57 89 79 96 2 2 3 86 2 3 21 (*) Percentage of total money expenditures 16 30 32 22 28 22 20 18 62 5 15 16 11 12 10 10 7 26 2.9 3.4 2.8 3.0 3.6 4.7 3.3 3.7 4.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 36.0 38.8 28.8 29.0 27.7 24.3 23.6 26.0 22.7 20.9 18.1 19.1 10.4 12.7 10.4 15.2 12.3 8.0 11.4 10.6 7.6 7.5 8.4 7.6 9.5 6.7 6.2 5.3 3.3 4.2 5.0 6.9 5.2 5.8 6.5 6.6 0.8 .9 2.6 1.0 2.3 4.9 3.3 1.9 3.9 7.2 8.9 10.7 12.1 10.2 13.9 12.6 9.2 15.0 1. 5 1.4 1.2 13.5 8.3 6.3 8.5 17.0 9.9 2.7 5.0 4.8 1.5 3.0 2.6 3.3 1.3 2.1 2.7 3.1 2.7 3.6 2.7 2.5 2.6 2.9 3.4 4.9 3.5 5.5 6.0 7.1 8.3 2.8 3.3 4.8 0.3 (*) .2 .2 5.3 .1 .2 .9 Average money expenditure in dollars 88 422 678 516 212 118 44 28 9 34 62 54 26 25 15 11 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 252 423 609 777 1,021 1,216 1,439 2,030 84 141 201 239 268 257 360 477 54 104 100 115 139 149 171 238 33 48 56 61 70 91 110 149 10 13 20 27 44 76 69 207 19 11 20 30 66 68 48 87 7 25 55 83 115 146 199 280 1 8 21 90 94 150 176 5 9 24 37 22 49 35 33 5 11 20 24 32 42 34 52 25 22 46 43 56 85 112 86 5 (*) TABULAR SUMMARY Salaried business and professional $250-$499 $500-$749___________ $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249_........... $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249_______ $2,250 and over_____ Average money expenditure in dollars 6 1 9 1 2 2 3 •Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. Oi A TL A N TA , GA. T able 2 .— Sum m ary of fam ily expenditure: Average money expenditure for specified groups of goods and services, by occupation, fa m ily type, and income, in 1 year, 1935-36 — Continued Occupational group, family type, and Report income class Eligi ing ex ble pendi tures * (1) Type 1 Under $250__--. $250-$499______ $500-$749______ $750-$999______ $1,000-$1,249__ $1,250-$1,499__ $l,500-$2, 249.... $2,250 and over. Type II Under $250____ $250-$499_____ $500-$749_____ $750-$999______ $1,000-$1,249__ $1,250-$1,499__ $l,500-$2,249— $2,250 and over. (2) (3) Aver age num ber of Total persons per family (4) (5) Household operation Food (6) Con FurnishFor tribu Oth8r Per ings Cloth Auto trans sonal Medi Recre To Read mal tions Other Hous Fuel, cal and ing light, and ing mo porta care care ation bacco ing edu per item bile tion cation sonal and Other equip ment refrig taxes eration (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) Percentage of total money expenditures 88 422 678 516 212 118 44 28 9 34 62 54 26 25 15 11 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 33.2 33.4 33.0 30.7 26.2 21.1 25.0 23.5 23.9 24.6 16.4 14.8 13.6 12.3 11.9 11.7 11.9 11.3 9.2 7.8 6.8 7.5 7.7 7.3 3.8 3.1 3.3 3.5 4.3 6.2 4.8 10.2 7.2 2.6 3.3 3.9 6.5 5.6 3.3 4.3 2.6 5.9 9.0 10.7 11.3 12.0 13.8 13.8 0.2 1.3 2.7 8.8 7.8 10.4 8.7 2.1 2.1 3.9 4.8 2.2 4.0 2.4 1.6 2.1 2.6 3.3 3.1 3.1 3.4 2.4 2.6 8.9 5.2 7.5 5.5 5.5 7.0 7.8 4.2 0.4 .5 1.3 1.2 2.0 2.3 2.0 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.6 2.8 2.9 2.2 1.3 2.5 0.9 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.1 1.1 1.3 1.7 1 7 13 20 16 30 57 42 4 5 15 14 18 14 18 29 3 6 9 10 13 21 17 20 0.1 (*) .3 1 0.4 3.3 4.1 5.9 5.6 7.3 5.5 4.7 (*) 1.4 .2 1.2 .1 .2 .1 .2 4 4 13 27 41 58 68 138 (*) 2 (*) 1 8 6 7 Average money expenditure in dollars 24 122 308 164 56 22 24 26 4 21 24 16 14 11 9 10 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 245 410 651 817 933 1,193 1,673 1,856 104 166 235 230 297 347 456 445 64 103 128 145 111 125 257 190 28 42 66 73 79 92 134 125 5 11 18 30 33 48 131 110 1 3 17 45 46 61 42 79 15 28 54 80 126 154 142 178 (*) 11 40 33 71 171 326 1 5 15 27 40 31 31 35 6 11 16 25 27 38 40 36 9 18 38 48 48 82 87 88 (*) 1 1 3 4 13 16 8 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES Number of families Or 00 Type II Under $250_________ $250-$499__________ $500-$749___________ $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $l,500-$2,249_______ $2,250 and over.......... Type III Under $250______ . $250-$499_. _______ $500-$749_. _______ $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $l,500-$2,249_______ $2,250 and over_____ 24 122 308 164 56 22 24 26 4 21 24 16 14 11 9 10 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 42.5 40.5 36.1 28.2 32.0 29.0 27.2 24.0 26.1 25.2 19.7 17.7 11.9 10.5 15.4 10.2 11.4 10.3 10.1 8.9 8.5 7.7 8.0 6.7 2.0 2.7 2.8 3.7 3.5 4.0 7.8 5.9 0.4 .7 2.6 5.5 4.9 5.1 2.5 4.3 6.1 6.6 8.3 9.8 13.5 12.9 8.5 9.6 0.1 1.7 4.9 3.5 5.9 10.2 17.6 0.4 1.2 2.3 3.3 4.3 2.6 1.9 1.9 2.5 2.7 2.4 3.1 2.9 3.2 2.4 1.9 3.7 4.4 5.8 5.9 5.1 6.9 5.1 4.7 0.4 1.7 2.0 2.4 1.7 2.5 3.4 2.3 1.6 1.2 2.3 1.7 1.9 1.2 1.1 1.6 1.2 1.5 1.4 1.2 1.4 1.8 1.0 1.1 0.1 .2 .2 .4 .4 1.1 1.0 .4 1.6 1.0 2.0 3.3 4.4 4.9 4.1 7.4 (t) 16 11 15 20 25 45 (t) (t) 8 11 13 22 12 21 (t) (t) 6 8 9 10 15 23 (t) (t) 2 1 4 9 21 24 (t) (t) 7 13 42 39 26 106 (t) Q (*) (t) 3.7 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.1 2.6 (t) (t) 1.9 1.7 1.6 2.1 1.0 1.2 (t) (t) 1.4 1.3 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.3 (t) (t) 0.5 .2 .5 .9 1.7 1.4 (t) (t) 1.6 2.0 5.1 3.7 2.2 6.1 (t) (t) 0.9 (*) (*) .7 1.0 (t) 0.3 n .i .7 .4 .4 Average money expenditure in dollars 6 80 162 76 40 10 14 4 2 13 18 16 16 5 6 2 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 (t) (t) 430 636 825 1,047 1,202 1,730 (t) (t) 152 229 270 362 406 452 (t) (t) 94 124 139 150 125 172 (t) (t)42 69 77 78 119 92 (t) (t) 10 20 20 24 76 112 (t) (t) 9 28 18 48 77 89 (t) (t) 35 48 97 125 126 223 (t) (t) 2 14 33 42 205 (t) (t) 10 25 23 25 27 36 (t) (t) 14 17 24 24 52 37 (t) (t) 21 30 60 78 44 76 (t) (t) (t) 4 9 17 Percentage of total money expenditures 6 80 162 76 40 10 14 4 2 13 18 16 16 5 6 2 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 4.0 (t) (t) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (t) (t) 35.3 36.1 32.8 34.6 33.9 26.1 (t) (t) 21.9 19.5 16.8 14.3 10.4 9.9 (t) (t) 9.8 10.8 9.3 7.4 9.9 5.3 (t) (t) 2.3 3.1 2.4 2.3 6.3 6.5 (t) (t) 2.1 4.4 2.2 4.6 6.4 5.2 (t) (t) 8.1 7.5 11.8 11.9 10.5 12.9 (t) (t) 0.4 1.6 3.2 3.5 11.9 (t) (t) 2.3 3.9 2.8 2.4 2.2 2.1 (t) (t) 3.3 2.7 2.9 2.3 4.3 2.1 (t) (t) 4.9 4.7 7.3 7.4 3.7 4.4 (t) TABULAR SUMMARY Type III Under $250_________ $250-$499__________ $500-$749 $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $l,500-$2,249_______ $2,250 and over_____ Percentage of total money expenditures *Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown, tAverages and percentages not computed for fewer than 3 cases. Cn CO Average money expenditure for specified groups of goods and services, by occupation, fam ily type, and income, in 1 year, 1985-36 — Continued Occupational group, family type, and Report income class Eligi ing ex ble pendi tures Type IV Under $250 _______ $250-$499___________ $500-$749___________ $750-$999___________ $1,000-11,249_______ $1,250-$1,499............... $l,500-$2,249_........... $2,250 and over.......... Type IV Tin rlcr $250 $250-$499__.......... . $500-$749---------------$750-$999_........ .......... $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $l,500-$2,249_______ $2,250 and over.......... (2) (3) Aver age num ber of Total persons per family (4) (5) Household operation Food (6) FurnishHous Fuel, ings Cloth Auto ing light, and ing mo bile and Other equip ment refrig eration (8) (9) (10) (ID (12) (7) Con For tribu Other Per Medi tions Other trans cal Recre To Read mal and porta sonal care ation bacco ing edu per items cation sonal tion care taxes (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) Average money expenditure in dollars 40 194 348 390 210 130 52 48 6 28 37 37 23 19 22 19 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.6 286 416 637 817 984 1,177 1,578 2,334 110 149 235 236 285 339 429 504 99 104 120 135 155 136 230 189 27 44 63 71 85 87 121 147 8 11 15 24 27 54 84 145 2 15 15 40 35 60 37 98 6 25 63 99 123 158 198 371 9 19 19 43 148 202 5 8 14 41 50 58 39 62 6 11 17 23 32 40 45 74 9 20 29 62 53 58 55 131 9 6 11 14 29 37 34 103 4 11 16 20 30 30 18 36 4 7 10 13 11 22 35 3.1 1.4 1.7 1.7 2.9 3.1 2.2 4.4 1.4 2.6 2.5 2.4 3.0 2.6 1.1 1.6 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 .9 1.4 1.5 (*) 1 (*) 1 5 7 14 1 17 1 39 3 45 17 66 31 160 0.1 .5 .3 .6 .8 1.5 2.2 2.0 0.3 1.2 2.2 2.1 4.0 3.8 4.2 6.8 2 2 5 8 18 35 46 Percentage of total money expenditures 40 194 348 390 210 130 52 48 5 28 37 37 23 19 22 19 3.6 3.4 3.4 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.8 3.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 38.5 35.9 36.9 29.0 29.0 28.8 27.2 21.6 34.6 25.1 18.8 16.6 15.8 11.6 14.6 8.1 9.4 10.6 9.9 8.7 8.6 7.4 7.7 6.3 2.8 2.6 2.4 2.9 2.7 4.6 5.3 6.2 0.7 3.6 2.4 4.9 3.6 5.1 2.3 4.2 2.1 6.0 9.9 12.1 12.5 13.4 12.5 15.9 1.4 2.3 1.9 3.7 9.4 8.6 1.7 1.9 2.2 5.0 5.1 4.9 2.5 2.7 2.1 2.6 2.7 2.8 3.3 3.4 2.8 3.2 3.1 4.8 4.5 7.6 5.4 4.9 3.5 5.6 0.1 .2 1.1 .1 .1 .3 1.1 1.3 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES Number of families (1) A TL A N TA , GA. of family expenditure: 160 T able 2 . — Summary Type V Under $250____ $250-$499______ $500-$749______ $750-$999______ $1,000-$1,249_._. $1,250-$1,499__ $l,50G-$2,249__ $2,250 and over. Type VI Under $250____ $250-$499______ $500-$749______ $750-$999_____ $1,000-$1,249... $1,250-$l,499 _.. $l,500-$2,249... $2,250 and over. 4 62 138 178 96 40 34 24 2 11 21 14 15 12 15 11 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.5 5.5 (t) 397 615 876 1,049 1,225 1,633 2, 364 (t) 158 229 346 355 393 504 599 (t) 92 114 109 115 160 169 206 (t) 48 55 60 78 82 117 153 (t) 10 12 18 28 47 68 165 (t) 6 19 26 29 33 22 50 (t) 31 50 114 136 191 254 356 (t) 2 30 44 27 221 (t) 4 24 32 96 63 65 26 (t) 10 18 21 40 36 47 65 (t) 15 35 55 45 51 119 125 (t) 10 17 31 22 25 49 101 (t) 7 17 21 26 24 18 18 1 4 4 5 16 38 120 (t) 3 11 20 33 39 57 121 (t) (*) (t) 0.5 11 1.1 1.0 1.4 1.2 1.5 (t) 0.2 .7 .5 .5 1.3 2.3 5.1 (t) 0.8 1.8 2.3 3.1 3.2 3.5 5.1 (t) (*) 0.2 1.0 (t) (t) (t) (t) 2 7 10 11 17 19 36 (t) 1 9 4 60 2 Percentage of total money expenditures 4 62 138 178 96 40 34 24 2 11 21 14 15 12 15 11 5.5 5.4 5.6 5.3 5.4 5.2 5.5 5.5 (t) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (t) 39.8 37.2 39.5 33.8 32.1 30.8 25.3 (t) 23.2 18.5 12.4 11.0 13.1 10.3 8.7 (t) 12.1 8.9 6.8 7.4 6.7 7.2 6.5 (t) 2.5 2.0 2.1 2.7 3.8 4.2 7.0 (t) 1.5 3.1 3.0 2.8 2.7 1.3 2.1 (t) (t) 7.8 8.1 0.3 13.0 ___ 13.0 2.8 15.6 3.6 15. 5 1.7 15.1 9.3 (t) 1.0 3.9 3.7 9.2 5.1 4.0 1.1 (t) 2.5 2. 9 2.4 3.8 2.9 2.9 2.7 (t) 3.8 5.7 6.3 4.3 4.2 7.3 5.3 (t) 2.5 2.8 3.5 2.1 2.0 3.0 4.3 1.8 2.8 2.4 2.5 2.0 1.1 .8 (t ) .3 3.7 .1 Average money expenditure in dollars 14 54 170 80 24 22 2 6 1 19 21 11 12 11 1 3 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.3 5.2 5.1 (t) 5.3 (t) 387 667 794 1,081 1,231 (t) 1,708 (t) 171 265 322 359 395 (t) 604 (t) 88 119 97 121 85 (t) 152 (t) 44 67 71 89 98 (t) 142 (t) 10 15 19 31 49 (t) 74 (f) 3 17 15 37 42 (t) 110 (t) 20 64 91 119 134 (t) 219 (t) 3 3 3 136 183 (t) (t) 8 19 25 19 16 (t) 53 (t) 10 19 24 33 30 (t) 48 (t) 9 29 46 46 38 (t) 109 (t) 3 14 17 29 45 (t) 46 (t) 7 14 10 20 12 (t) 25 4 8 10 10 14 (t) 22 2 4 3 6 5 (t) 8 (f) 5 (*) 9 1 40 1 24 2 84 1 (t) (t) 95 1 TABULAR SUMMARY Type V Under $250_________ $250-$499___________ $500-$749___________ $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $l,500-$2,249_______ $2,250 and over_____ Average money expenditure in dollars •Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown, tAverages and percentages not computed for fewer than 3 cases. O* T a b l e 2 .— Sum m ary of fam ily expenditure: Average money expenditure for specified groups of goods and services , by occupation, fam ily type , and income , in 1 year , 1935-36 — Continued Occupational group, family type, and Report income class Eligi ing ex ble pendi tures (1) Type VI Under $250...... .......... $250-$499__________ $500-$749__________ $750-$999__________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $l,500-$2,249_______ $2,250 and over_____ Type VII Under $250____ $250-$499_____ $500-$749_____ $750-$999_____ $1,000-$1,249... $1,250-$1,499... $l,500-$2,249... $2,250 and over. (2) (3) Average num ber of Total persons per family (4) (5) Household operation Food (6) Con FurnishOther Per For tribu Hous Fuel, ings Cloth Auto trans sonal Medi Recre To Read mal tions Other cal ing light, and ing mo porta care care ation bacco ing edu and items bile tion per cation sonal and Other equip ment refrig taxes eration (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (2 ) 1 Percentage of total money expenditures 14 54 170 80 24 22 2 6 1 19 21 11 12 11 1 3 5.0 5.2 5.1 5.3 5.2 5.1 (t) 5.3 (t) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 (t) 100.0 < t) 44.1 39.9 40.6 33.2 32.1 (t) 35.3 (t) 22.7 18.0 12.2 11.2 6.9 (t) 8.9 (t) 11.4 10.1 8.9 8.2 8.0 (t) 8.3 (t) 2.6 2.2 2.4 2.9 4.0 (t) 4.3 (t) 0.8 2.5 1.9 3.4 3.4 (t) 6.4 (t) 5.2 9.6 11.5 11.0 10.9 (t) 12.8 (t) 0.8 .4 .4 12.6 14.9 (t) (t) 2.1 2.8 3.1 1.8 1.3 (t) 3.1 (t) 2.6 2.8 3.0 3.0 2.4 (t) 2.8 (t) 2.3 4.3 5.8 4.3 3.1 (t) 6.4 (t) 0.8 2.1 2.1 2.7 3.6 (t) 2.7 (t) 1.8 2.1 1.3 1.8 1.0 (t) 1.5 (t) 1.0 1.2 1.3 .9 1.1 (t) 1.3 (t) 0.5 .6 .4 .6 .4 (t) .5 (t) 1.3 1.3 5.0 2.2 6.8 (t) 5.6 (*) 0.1 .1 .2 .1 (t) .1 (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) Average money expenditure in dollars 6 46 122 104 60 34 12 16 1 8 11 13 14 16 5 8 7.0 7.4 7.3 7.4 7.3 7.6 7.3 7.3 (t) 486 641 853 1,114 1,265 1,670 2, 572 (t) 232 282 307 356 419 516 752 (t) 91 120 114 163 159 218 244 (t) 46 60 80 85 98 135 142 (t) 9 22 30 26 36 75 114 (t) 4 4 21 49 36 23 69 (t) 36 42 119 166 186 237 450 (t) 31 12 9 207 127 (t) 13 12 24 29 66 32 93 (t) 15 16 25 37 32 47 78 (t) 13 22 33 74 101 37 101 4 14 15 40 26 43 67 12 16 10 23 19 9 27 4 8 7 10 11 13 23 2 5 20 16 12 40 175 5 7 16 22 39 34 88 11 1 6 16 4 2 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES Number of families 162 A TL A N TA , GA. Type VII Under $250._ $250-$499----$500-$749___ $750-$999___ $1,000-$!,249. $1,250-$1,499___ $l,500-$2,249___ $2,250 and over.. Percentage of total money expenditures 6 46 122 104 60 34 12 16 1 8 11 13 14 16 5 8 7.0 7. 4 7. 3 7.4 7. 3 7. 6 7. 3 7. 3 (f) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 <±i. i 44.0 36.0 32.1 33.2 30.9 29.2 (t) 18.7 18.7 13.4 14.6 12.6 13.1 9.5 9.5 9.4 9.4 7.6 7.7 8.1 5.5 (t) 0.8 .6 2.5 4.4 2.8 1.4 2.7 (t) 7.4 6.6 13.9 15.0 14.7 14.2 17.5 (t) 3.6 1.0 .7 12.4 5.0 (t) 2.7 1.9 2.8 2.6 5.2 1.9 3.6 (t) 3.1 2.5 2.9 3.3 2.5 2.8 3.0 (t) 2.7 3.4 3.9 6.6 8.0 2.2 3.9 (t) 0.8 2.2 1.8 3.6 2.1 2.6 2.6 (t) 2.5 2.5 1.2 2.1 1.5 .5 1.1 (t) 0.8 1.2 .8 .9 .9 .8 .9 (t) 0.4 .8 2.3 1.4 .9 2.4 6.8 (t ) 1.0 1.1 1.9 2.0 3.1 2.0 3.4 (t) 1.7 .1 .5 1.3 .2 .9 *Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. tAverages and percentages not computed for fewer than 3 cases. TABULAR SUMMARY 05 CO 164 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES ATLANTA, GA. T a b l e 3.—Food: A v e ra g e v a lu e o f a ll f a m i ly f o o d , m o n e y e x p e n d itu r e f o r fo o d a t h om e a n d a w a y fr o m h om e, a vera g e va lu e o f fo o d h o m e -p ro d u c e d or rec e iv ed a s g ift or p a y , a n d m o n e y e x p e n se p e r m ea l p e r fo o d e x p e n d itu r e u n it, b y o c c u p a tio n , f a m i ly ty p e , a n d in co m e , in 1 y e a r, 1 9 3 5 —3 6 [Negro nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native boral Average expenditure Percentage of Average Average for food purchased expenditure value of money for food food Average home- expendi Occupational value group, family pro ture per of all duced meal type, and income Report family Away At Away or re per food class At food All home from home from ceived expendi Eligible ing ex pendi ture hom e1 home as gift unit * tures or pay (10) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (3) (4) (2) (ID (1) Number of families A ll families 182 24 Under $250 _____ $250-$499_________ 980 134 194 $500-$749_________ 1,926 $750-$999_________ 1,508 161 $1,000-$1,249______ 120 698 $1,250-$1,499______ 376 99 62 $1,500-$1,749______ 26 $1,750-$1,999______ 64 25 22 $2,000-12,249______ 56 24 $2,250-$2,499______ 60 $2,500-$2,999______ 36 17 $3,000-$3,499______ 9 26 $3,500-$3,999______ 10 5 $4,000 and over___ 20 9 Occupational group: Wage earner 182 24 Under $250 ___ 872 103 $250-$499_________ 123 $500-$749_________ 1, 742 99 $750-$999_________ 1.342 590 $1,000-$1,249______ 73 298 62 $1,250-$1,499______ Clerical 10 $250-$499_________ 5 $500-$749_________ 54 27 44 $750-$999_________ 22 $1,000-$1,249______ 46 23 $1,250-$1,499______ 24 12 $1,500-$1,749______ 20 9 22 9 $1,750-$1,999______ $2,000-$2,249______ 28 11 $2,250 and over----66 28 Independent busi ness and profes sional 82 $250-$499_________ 21 100 $500-$749_________ 29 90 $750-$999_________ 24 $1,000-$1,249______ 40 13 $1,250-$1,499______ 26 13 20 $],500-$l,749______ 7 22 $1,750-$1,999______ 6 $2,000-$2,249______ 10 4 24 $2,250 and over___ 10 See p. 188 for notes on this table. $132 197 260 311 369 378 436 435 514 514 505 568 570 761 $101 154 228 260 303 331 409 414 504 504 496 563 490 704 $101 151 220 249 287 298 378 379 466 474 449 531 471 575 100.0 $3 98.1 8 96.5 11 95.8 16 94.7 33 90.0 31 92.4 35 91.6 38 92.5 30 94.0 47 90.5 32 94.3 19 96.1 129 81.7 1.9 3.5 4.2 5.3 10.0 7.6 8.4 7.5 6.0 9.5 5.7 3.9 18.3 $31 43 32 51 66 47 27 21 10 10 9 5 80 57 $0.033 .053 .071 .078 .087 .092 .099 . 132 .129 .124 . 132 . 159 .165 .155 132 200 261 313 375 380 101 154 228 260 301 329 101 152 220 250 285 293 100.0 2 98.7 8 96.5 10 96.2 16 94.7 36 89.1 1.3 3.5 3.8 5.3 10.9 31 46 33 53 74 51 .033 .054 .070 .077 .084 .088 201 250 270 365 339 418 462 516 558 196 235 265 331 319 410 460 504 546 187 231 254 309 297 387 435 472 495 9 4 11 22 22 23 25 32 51 95.4 98.3 95.8 93.4 93.1 94.4 94.6 93.7 90.7 4.6 1.7 4.2 6.6 6.9 5.6 5.4 6.3 9.3 5 15 5 34 20 8 2 12 12 .074 .077 .087 .093 .107 .117 .123 .116 .143 164 238 323 318 380 451 459 547 496 152 221 277 302 363 428 439 541 463 150 215 249 301 333 396 373 503 429 l 2 6 28 1 30 32 66 38 34 98.7 97.3 89.9 99.7 91.7 92.5 85.0 93.0 92.7 1.3 2.7 10.1 .3 8.3 7.5 15.0 7.0 7.3 12 17 46 16 17 23 20 6 33 .053 .074 .080 .106 .113 .096 .163 .156 .140 TABULAE SUMMARY 165 ATLANTA, GA T a b l e 3.— Food: A v e ra g e v a lu e o f a ll f a m i ly foody m o n e y e x p e n d itu r e f o r fo o d at h om e a n d a w a y fr o m hom ey avera g e v a lu e o f fo o d h o m e -p ro d u c e d or rec e iv ed as g ift or p a y , a n d m o n e y e x p e n se p e r m ea l p e r fo o d e x p e n d itu r e u n ity b y o c c u p a tio n f a m i ly typ ey a n d in c o m e f in 1 y e a r, 1 9 3 5 -3 6 —Continued Average expenditure Percentage of Average Average for food purchased expenditure value of money for food food Average Occupational home- expendi value group, family pro ture per of all meal type, and income duced per food Report family class or re ing ex At Away At Away ceived expendi food Eligible pendi All home from home from ture home home as gift unit tures or pay (5) (6) (2) (3) (4) (7) (8) (10) (9) (1) (ID Number of families Salaried business and professional $250-$499_________ 16 5 $161 $95 $94 253 223 214 $500-$749_________ 30 15 32 298 245 229 $750-1999_________ 16 11 328 304 276 22 $1,000-$1,249______ $1,250-$1,499______ 28 12 396 345 325 22 438 391 354 $1,500-$1,749______ 10 382 339 325 $1,750-Sl,999______ 20 10 491 482 436 $2,000-$2,249______ 18 7 62 26 580 557 512 $2,250 and over___ Family type: Type I 84 9 113 84 Under $250___ _ 88 422 179 141 139 $250-$499_________ 34 62 237 201 194 $500-$749_________ 678 $750-$999_________ 54 274 239 226 516 $1,000-$1,249______ 212 26 370 268 255 319 257 228 $1,250-$1,499______ 25 118 15 $l,500-$2,249______ 44 371 360 324 513 477 452 28 11 $2,250 and over___ Type II 4 117 104 104 24 Under $250__ _ 21 199 166 164 $250-$499_________ 122 24 $500-$749_________ 247 235 225 308 $750-$999_________ 164 16 296 230 218 337 297 289 $1,000-$1,249______ 56 14 22 $1,250-$1,499______ 393 347 309 11 472 456 427 $l,500-$2,249______ 24 9 459 445 410 26 10 $2,250 and over___ Type III Under $250_______ 2 6 (t) (t) (t) 200 152 148 $250-$499_________ 13 80 $500-$749_________ 162 258 229 219 18 291 270 263 $750-$999_________ 76 16 371 362 335 $1,000-$1,249______ 16 40 413 406 324 5 $1,250-$1,499______ 10 14 466 452 445 $l,500-$2,249______ 6 4 2 $2,250 and over___ (t) (t) (t) Type I V 5 135 110 110 Under $250 __ 40 201 149 145 $250-$499............... 194 28 268 235 228 348 $500-$749_________ 37 308 236 225 $750-$999_________ 390 37 $1,000-$1,249______ 210 23 345 285 269 130 19 376 339 293 $1,250-$1,499______ 52 22 446 429 394 $l,500-$2,249 _____ 48 19 524 504 464 $2,250 and over___ tAverages and percentages not computed for fewer than 3 cases. $1 9 16 28 20 37 14 46 45 98.9 96.0 93.5 90.8 94.2 90.5 95.9 90.5 91.9 1.1 4.0 6.5 9.2 5.8 9.5 4.1 9.5 8.1 $66 30 53 24 51 47 43 9 23 $0.034 .076 .089 .111 .105 .085 .106 .135 .133 2 7 13 13 29 36 25 100.0 98.6 96.5 94.6 95.1 88.7 90.0 94.8 1.4 3.5 5.4 4.9 11.3 10.0 5.2 29 38 36 35 102 62 11 36 .039 .065 .091 .107 .119 .115 .164 .200 2 10 12 8 38 29 35 100.0 98.8 95.7 94.8 97.3 89.0 93.6 92.1 1.2 4.3 5.2 2.7 11.0 6.4 7.9 13 33 12 66 40 46 16 14 .032 .071 .076 .073 .096 .107 .143 .143 (t) 4 10 7 27 82 7 (t) (t) 97.4 95.6 97.4 92.5 79.8 98.5 (t) (t) 2.6 4.4 2.6 7.5 20.2 1.5 (t) 48 29 21 9 7 14 (t).039 .058 .065 .087 .104 .113 (t) 4 7 11 16 46 35 40 100.0 97.3 97.0 95.3 94.4 86.4 91.8 92.1 2.7 3.0 4.7 5.6 13.6 8.2 7.9 25 52 33 72 60 37 17 20 .027 .042 .064 .064 .075 .088 .107 .136 (t) (t) 166 T FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES ATLANTA, GA. 3.—Food: A v e ra g e v a lu e o f a ll f a m i ly fo o d , m o n e y e x p e n d itu r e f a r fo o d a t h o m e a n d a w a y f r o m h o m e, a v era g e v a lu e o f f o o d h o m e -p ro d u c e d o r re c e iv e d a s g if t o r p a y , a n d m o n e y e x p e n se p e r m e a l p e r fo o d e x p e n d itu r e u n it , b y o c c u p a tio n , f a m i ly ty p e , a n d in c o m e , i n 1 y e a r , 1 9 3 5 - 8 6 —Continued a b l e Average expenditure Percentage of Average Average for food purchased expenditure value of money for food food expendi Average Occupational home- ture per value pro group, family of all duced meal type, and income Report family Away At Away or re per food class At food All home from home from ceived expendi Eligible ing ex pendi ture home home as gift tures or pay unit (6) (7) (5) (9) (4) (2) (8) (3) (10) (1) (ID 'Number of families Type V Under $250---------$250-$499_________ $500-$749_________ $750-$999_________ $1,000-$1,249 _____ $1,250-$1,499______ $l,500-$2,249____ _ $2,250 and over----Type VI Under $250----------$250-$499_________ $500-$749_________ $750-$999_________ $1,000-$1,249______ $1,250-$1,499--------$l,500-$2,249______ $2,250 and over----Type VII Under $250.__ $250-$499 _______ $500-4749_________ $750-$999_________ $1,000-$1,249______ $1,250-$1,499______ $1,500-42,249______ $2,250 and over___ 4 62 138 178 96 40 34 24 2 11 21 14 15 12 15 11 (t) $226 275 380 404 435 534 624 (t) $158 229 346 355 393 504 599 J t) (t) $4 2 9 26 25 54 47 14 54 170 80 24 22 2 6 1 19 21 11 12 11 1 3 (t) 202 290 356 398 416 (t) 608 (t) 171 265 322 359 395 (t) 604 (t) 170 256 305 341 389 (t) 600 (t) 6 46 122 104 60 34 12 16 1 8 11 13 14 16 5 8 (t)284 327 398 417 488 572 756 (t) 232 282 307 356 419 516 752 (t) 232 273 300 345 403 502 610 $154 227 337 329 368 450 552 t Averages and percentages not computed for fewer than 3 cases. (t) 97.5 99.1 97.4 92.7 93.6 89.3 92.2 (t) 2.5 0.9 2.6 7.3 6.4 10.7 7.8 (t) $68 46 34 49 42 30 25 (t) $0. 029 .039 .061 .062 .071 .086 .101 (t) 1 99.4 9 96.6 17 94.7 18 95.0 6 98.5 (t) (t) 4 .99.3 (t) .6 3.4 5.3 5.0 1.5 (t) 0.7 (t) (t) .034 .054 .062 .073 .080 (t) .110 (t) (t) 3.2 2.3 3.1 3.8 2.7 18.9 (t) 9 7 11 16 14 142 (t) 100.0 96.8 97.7 96.9 96.2 97.3 81.1 31 25 34 39 21 (t) 4 52 45 91 61 69 56 4 (t) .032 .039 .041 .047 .053 .073 .097 TABULAR SUM M A RY 167 A TL A N TA , GA. 4.—Housing: A verage value of housing secured w ith and w ithout m oney expenditure , by occupation , fa m ily ty p e , and in com e , in 1 yea r , 1 9 8 5 -3 6 T able [Negro nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Number of families Occupational group, family type, and in come class (1) Re port Eli ing ex gible pendi tures (2) (3) Aver age value of all housing plus fuel, light, and re friger ation (4) Aver age ex pense for fuel, light, and refrig era tion Average value of housing secured 1 Aver age Without money value With money ex penditure expenditure of all hous ing All Fam Other Owned Rent hous ily hous Total hom e4 as pay ing home2 ing 3 or gift (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (ID (12) (5) A ll families 182 $138 $32 $92 $78 $78 Under $250____ 24 $14 980 134 163 $250-$499______ 46 113 101 101 (*) 12 187 $500-$749______ 1,926 194 11 61 125 114 114 (•) 221 29 67 152 123 123 (•) $750-$999______ 1, 508 161 274 $1,000-$1,249---698 120 79 192 140 140 (•) 52 305 376 $1,250-$1,499___ 99 91 212 141 140 $1 71 62 350 108 240 151 150 $1,500-$1,749___ 26 1 89 64 401 $1,750-$1,999___ 25 121 278 253 252 1 25 56 445 125 319 201 200 $2,000-$2,249___ 1 118 22 60 24 464 134 330 203 200 $2’250-$2’499___ 3 127 464 125 337 171 167 $2,500-$2,999___ 36 17 4 166 484 169 313 204 195 26 9 $3,000-$3,499---9 109 $3,500-$3,999___ 10 5 470 134 332 271 271 61 20 9 667 178 486 229 219 10 257 $4,000 and over. Occupational group: Wage earner 182 Under $250____ 24 138 14 32 92 78 78 872 103 163 12 $250-$499______ 46 113 101 101 (*) 188 9 $500-$749 __ . 1,742 123 62 125 116 116 99 216 $750-$999______ 1,342 67 147 121 121 26 590 270 47 73 77 190 143 143 $1,000-$1,249___ 298 292 $1,250-$1,499___ 62 2 61 88 202 141 139 Clerical 10 136 44 92 137 137 -4 5 $250-$499______ 5 54 13 $500-$749 __ 27 181 56 121 108 108 44 272 55 $750-$999______ 22 76 194 139 139 46 310 $1,000-$1,249___ 23 87 223 158 158 65 24 12 335 96 237 131 131 106 $1,250-$1,499___ 20 9 $1,500-$1,749___ 319 106 209 146 145 1 63 22 $1,750-$1,999___ 9 420 125 292 357 356 1 -6 5 11 28 $2,000-$2,249___ 61 377 118 259 198 198 66 28 446 136 308 201 199 2 107 $2,250 and over. Independent business and professional $9£0-.$4Q9 82 21 167 47 117 105 105 12 $.^0-.$749 100 189 29 60 128 95 95 33 90 24 247 70 169 123 123 (*) 46 $750-$999______ 40 293 13 97 192 104 104 $1,000-$1,249 . 88 26 356 13 95 258 125 122 $1,250-$1,499___ 3 133 362 20 7 94 267 137 137 (*) 130 $1,500-$1,749___ 22 6 345 102 241 180 180 $1,750-$1,999___ 61 10 4 555 141 409 162 162 247 $2,000-$2,249___ 24 10 580 146 430 227 217 16 203 $2,250 and over. See p. 188 for notes on this table. ♦ Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. 1 2 5 0 1 8 ° — 40- -12 Per centage of hous ing value secured without money expend iture 8 (13) $12 10 10 27 47 69 74 11 107 127 126 109 61 257 $2 2 1 2 5 2 15 14 11 12 10 8 25 42 61 2 16.1 10.6 7. 2 17. 7 24. 7 30.2 4 3 —48.9 10. 7 28.4 29.1 44. 7 30.1 -2 2 .3 23. 6 34.7 -4 9 10 55 65 106 63 -6 5 61 107 12 31 46 88 133 130 61 247 203 40 (*) 2 1 1 5 2 16.1 10.6 8.8 19.1 27.1 33.5 37.1 9.0 37.0 38.5 49.3 34.8 18.4 52.9 10.3 25.8 27. 2 45. 8 51.6 48.7 25. 3 60.4 47.2 168 F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S ATLANTA, GA. T able 4.— H ou sing: A verage value of housing secured w ith an d w ithou t m oney expen ditu re , by occupation, fa m ily ty p e , and in com e , in 1 yea r , 1935— —Con. 86 Number of families Occupational group, family type, and in come class (1) Re port Eli ing ex gible pendi tures (2) (3) Aver age value of all housing plus fuel, light, and re friger ation (4) Aver age ex pense for fuel, light, and refrig era tion (5) Average value of housing secured Aver age Without money value With money ex penditure expenditure of all hous ing All Fam Other Rent hous ily hous Total Owned as pay home or gift ing home ing (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) Salaried busi ness and profes sional $181 $30 $137 $55 $55 $82 $73 16 5 $9 $250-$499______ 232 30 56 9 $500-$749______ 15 61 169 104 102 $2 65 32 285 50 16 16 65 213 163 163 (*) 34 $750-$999______ 22 288 3 97 79 206 109 106 69 $1,000-$1,249___ 11 28 354 12 87 22 28 105 246 159 159 (*) 65 $1,250~$1,499___ 22 370 3 78 10 34 44 $1,500-$1,749___ 123 246 168 165 441 2 85 20 41 10 $1,750-$1,999---137 304 219 217 44 488 125 362 228 225 $2,000-$2,249___ 18 7 3 134 101 33 513 62 26 5 165 142 150 362 197 192 $2,250 and over. 23 Family type: Type I 126 24 24 Under $250___ 9 88 33 78 54 54 169 15 (*) 422 34 1 15 $250-$499______ 48 119 104 103 176 14 62 18 678 4 $500-$749______ 56 118 100 100 220 42 39 516 54 3 $750-$999______ 61 157 115 115 (*) 264 212 52 36 $1,000-$1,249___ 26 70 191 139 139 (*) 16 305 5 64 64 118 25 $1,250-$1,499___ 91 213 149 144 339 1 57 49 $l,500-$2,249___ 44 15 110 228 171 170 8 491 103 103 $2,250 and over_ 28 11 149 341 238 238 Type II 106 Under $250- ___ 24 7 7 4 28 71 64 64 154 $250-$499______ 4 3 122 21 1 42 107 103 103 196 $500-$749______ 2 1 1 308 24 66 130 128 128 (*) 226 $750-$999______ 164 8 8 16 73 153 145 145 (*) 278 $1,000-$1,249___ 86 86 56 14 79 197 111 111 299 78 78 $1,250-$1,499___ 22 11 92 203 125 125 469 134 332 257 257 75 75 $l,500-$2,249---24 9 457 125 330 190 183 7 140 140 $2,250 and over. 26 10 Type III Under $250__ __ 6 2 (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) 146 7 7 $250-$499______ 80 13 42 101 94 94 5 5 200 $500-$749______ 162 69 129 124 124 18 1 1 219 $750-$799______ 76 16 77 140 139 139 252 22 22 $1,000-$1,249___ 40 16 78 172 150 150 1 137 137 386 119 262 125 124 $1,250-$1,499___ 10 5 362 4 98 55 43 $l,500-$2,249---14 6 92 270 172 168 4 $2,250 and over. 2 (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) Type IV 148 8 8 Under $250-.- _ 40 5 27 107 99 99 163 12 12 $250-$499______ 194 28 44 116 104 104 13 13 $500-$749______ 197 348 37 63 133 120 120 31 242 32 1 $750-$999______ 390 37 71 167 135 135 (*) 65 64 1 308 $1,000-$1,249— _ 210 23 85 220 155 155 78 78 301 $1,250-$1,499— _ 130 19 87 214 136 136 79 3 1 82 435 121 312 230 229 $l,500-$2,249___ 52 22 3 140 140 19 478 147 329 189 186 $2,250 and over. 48 *Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown, t Averages and percentages not computed for fewer than 3 cases. Per centage of housing value secured without money expend iture (13) 59.9 38.5 23.5 47.1 35.1 31.7 28.0 37.0 45.6 30.8 12.6 15.3 26.7 27.2 30.0 25.0 30.2 9.9 3.7 1.6 5.2 43.7 38.4 22. 6 42.4 (t) 6.9 3.9 .7 12.8 52.3 36.3 (t) 7. 5 10.3 9.8 19.2 29.5 36.4 26.3 42.6 TABULAR SUMMARY 169 A TLA N TA , GA. 4.—Housing: A verage value of housing secured w ith an d w ithout m oney expenditure , by occu pation , fa m ily ty p e , a n d in com e , tfw 1 ye a r , 1 9 3 5 -8 6 —Con. T able Number of families Occupational group, family type, and in come class (1) Type V Under $250.___ $250-$499______ $500-$749______ $750-$999 $1,000-$1,249___ $1,250-$1,499---$l,500-$2,249---$2,250 and overType V I Under $250____ $250-$499 $500-$749 $750-$999 $1,000-$1,249___ $1,250-$1,499---$l,500-$2,249___ $2,250 and over. Type V II Under $250-----$250-$499 $500-$749___ $750-$999______ $1,000-$1,249___ $1,250-$1,499 $l,500-$2,249---$2,250 and over. Re port Eli ing ex gible pendi tures (2) (3) 4 62 138 178 96 40 34 24 2 11 21 14 15 12 15 11 14 54 170 80 24 22 2 6 19 21 11 12 11 1 6 46 122 104 60 34 12 16 1 8 11 13 14 16 5 8 1 3 Aver age value of all housing plus fuel, light, and re friger ation (4) Aver age ex pense for fuel, light, and refrig era tion (5) (t) (t) 167 178 187 233 291 368 590 (t) Average value of housing secured Aver age Without money value With money ex penditure expenditure of all hous ing All Fam- Other Rent hous “ y hous Total Owned as pay home or gift ing home ing (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (t) $48 $106 55 122 60 125 78 154 82 204 116 250 153 434 $92 114 109 115 160 169 206 (t) $92 114 109 115 158 167 197 (t) (t) (t) 150 187 210 288 299 (t) 502 (t) 44 67 71 89 98 (t) 142 (t) 100 119 134 193 199 (t) 360 (t) 88 119 97 121 85 (t) 152 (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) 166 203 222 259 309 435 468 46 60 80 85 98 135 142 113 141 139 171 207 300 325 91 120 114 163 159 218 244 88 119 97 121 85 (t) 152 91 120 114 163 159 218 230 $2 2 9 (t) (t) (*) 14 (t) $14 8 16 39 44 81 228 (t) (t) 12 (*) 37 72 114 (t) 208 (t) 6 (*) 37 72 84 (t) 208 (t) (t) (t) (t) 22 21 25 8 48 82 81 •Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. fAverages and percentages not computed for fewer than 3 cases. $7 8 16 39 44 60 198 20 21 21 8 48 32 81 (t) $7 21 30 6 30 (t) 2 4 50 Per centage of hous ing value secured without money expend iture (13) (t) 13.2 6.6 12.8 25.3 21.6 32.4 52.5 (t) 12.0 (*) 27.6 37.3 57.3 (t) 57. 8 (t) 19.5 14.9 18.0 4.7 23.2 27.3 24.9 170 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES ATLANTA, GA. T 4^A.— Money expenditure for family home by owners and renters, and facilities included in rent for family home: B y occupation , fa m ily able ty p e , and incom e , in 1 yea r , 1 9 3 5 -3 6 [Negro nonrelief fam ilies including husband and wife, both native born] 6 1c8 * bC 'o ii © a ( 12 ) (13) © 88 £ £ Refrigeration ^ Percentage w ith none of £ these facilities ineluded in rent 2 H Light Garage M (8) 5 "3 ® Furnishings R enters ii 3 3 3 H om e owners R enting (4) bfi g d * g R eporting expenditures o ^ (1) 3 O ccupational group, fam ily type, and incom e class E ligible A verage N um ber of Percentage expense for Percentage of renters having specified fam ilies of fam ilies 1 fam ily hom e facilities included in r e n t J A l l fa m ilie s Under $250_______ 182 $250-$499__________ 980 $500-$749__________ 1,926 $750-$999__________ 1, 508 $ 1 ,0 0 0-$1,249_____ 1, 698 24 134 194 161 120 10 20 99 26 25 22 24 17 9 5 9 U nder $249_______ 182 $250-$499__________ 872 $500-$749__________ 1,742 $750-$999__________ 1,342 $ 1 ,0 0 0-$1,249_____ 590 $1,2 5 0 -S I,499_____ 298 24 103 123 99 73 62 $1,2 5 0 -$ 1 ,4 9 9 _____ $ 1 ,5 0 0-$1,749_____ $1,7 5 0 -$ 1 ,9 9 9 _____ $ 2 ,0 0 0-$2,249_____ $2,25 0 -$ 2 ,4 9 9 _____ $2,50 0-$2,999_____ $ 3 ,00 0-$3,499_____ $ 3 ,50 0-$3,999_____ $4,000 and ov er. _ 376 62 64 56 60 36 26 11 12 10 22 32 55 54 66 68 82 70 85 80 90 82 85 89 75 64 44 37 28 25 15 18 15 $84 109 122 136 170 180 20 10 $18 54 52 86 98 105 120 272 163 182 169 175 268 189 82 87 91 78 67 49 18 45 53 72 10 2 94 84 109 136 167 180 80 82 68 52 17 34 9 29 104 92 131 126 103 373 155 82 114 162 182 158 230 240 280 198 1 1 2 4 8 2 4 18 33 40 33 1 2 (*) 4 95 94 86 85 68 (*) 5 5 14 12 22 20 30 20 54 45 67 40 33 46 55 60 67 50 1 200 2 11 312 268 252 270 282 480 (*) (*) 4 100 50 100 100 O ccu p a tio n a l g ro u p : W a g e earn er 11 10 8 20 30 50 122 1 1 2 4 2 3 1 2 (*) 5 4 6 8 95 94 87 85 78 51 5 5 14 21 49 12 C lerica l $250-$499__________ $500-$749__________ $750-$999__________ $ 1 ,0 0 0-$1,249_____ $ 1,25 0-$1,499_____ 10 54 44 46 24 $ 1 ,5 0 0-$1,749_____ $1,75 0 -$ 1 ,9 9 9 _____ $ 2 ,0 0 0-12,249_____ $2,250 and over _. 20 22 28 66 5 27 22 23 12 15 32 48 83 9 9 28 82 64 91 11 66 6 200 100 79 93 75 8 21 7 17 100 100 100 100 100 In d e p e n d e n t b u sin ess an d p ro fessio n a l $250-$499_________ $500-$749_________ $750-$999_________ $ 1 ,00 0-$1,249_____ $1,25 0-$1,499_____ 82 90 40 26 100 $ 1 ,5 0 0-$1,749_____ $ 1 ,7 5 0-$1,999_____ $2,00 0-$2,249_____ $2,250 and o v e r .. 20 22 10 21 29 24 13 13 7 6 4 28 28 47 57 62 60 54 72 71 50 43 38 30 46 90 35 50 83 110 102 136 161 203 114 125 119 172 187 134 199 3 15 11 20 33 40 8 92 74 81 44 60 100 8 15 19 56 40 60 24 10 See p. 189 for notes on th is table. •A verage am ounts of less than $ 1 and percentages of less than 0.1 for expenditures, or less than 1 for pro portions of fam ilies reporting, are not show n. 100 100 TABULAR SUMMARY 171 ATLANTA, GA. T 4r-A.— Money expenditure for family home by owners and renters, and facilities included in rent for family home: B y occupation , fa m ily able ty p e , and incom e , in 1 yea r , 1935-36 —Continued 12 29 42 29 12 75 20 33 100 12 50 31 16 100 1 17 88 100 R efr ig e r a tio n 17 £ (I D °.S a ^ P er c e n ta g e w it h 51 th e s e fa ciliti e lu d e d in r e n t 5a3 W 3 p M e c h a n ic a l re53 frigerator G a rage ta © w (8) S F u r n is h in g s Percentage of renters having specified facilities included in rent 3 R e n ter s 3 (3) bfi ej 'pi * O (4) R enting ® bfi t-i J PI E '43 T3 og Average Percentage expense for of fam ilies ^ g (1) 3 O ccupational group, fam ily type, and incom e class E ligible N um ber of fam ilies © "3 £ (12) S a la ried b u si n ess an d p r o fessio n a l $250-$499________ $500-$749________ $750-$999________ $1,000-$1,249_____ $1,250-$1,499_____ $1,500-$1,749_____ $1,750-11,999_____ $2,000-$2,249_____ $2,250 and over___ 16 30 32 22 28 22 20 18 62 5 15 16 11 12 10 10 7 26 38 27 56 36 79 36 60 56 62 50 60 25 45 14 45 30 33 32 $24 75 218 40 185 $92 119 159 217 165 176 252 175 154 222 220 360 308 50 88 422 678 516 212 118 44 28 9 34 62 54 26 25 15 11 22 20 15 22 31 40 77 86 78 79 83 74 60 60 18 14 18 61 42 80 126 65 114 114 131 168 3 4 81 175 229 179 113 165 24 122 308 164 56 22 24 26 4 21 24 16 14 11 9 10 2 1 20 45 73 50 92 75 98 98 80 55 27 50 8 6 80 162 76 40 10 14 4 2 13 18 16 16 5 6 2 40 194 358 390 210 130 52 48 5 28 37 37 23 19 22 19 100 12 69 84 12 40 67 60 38 62 100 94 88 10 F a m ily ty p e : T ype I U nder $250______ $250-$499________ $500-$749________ $750-$999________ $1,000-$1,249_____ $1,250-$1,499_____ $l,500-$2,249_____ $2,250 and o v e r .. 10 3 4 4 5 (*) 13 6 1 4 58 14 13 44 42 50 12 87 55 50 100 T ype II U nder $250____ __ $25(P$499________ $500-$749________ $750-$999________ $1,000-$1,249_____ $1,250-$1,499_____ $l,500-$2,249_____ $2,250 and over___ T ype III U nder $250 $250-$499________ $500-$749________ $750-$999________ $1,000-$1,249_____ $1,250-$1,499_____ $l,500-$2,249_____ $2,250 and over_._ (t) 4 38 100 43 (t) (t) 92 96 88 62 28 (t) 22 50 123 53 76 104 130 150 158 128 202 161 118 282 252 (t) 23 150 124 (t) 100 128 139 151 108 (t) 300 (t) 88 102 91 126 152 198 1 7 8 50 (t ) 93 84 (t) 8 25 (t) 1 8 10 50 (t ) 20 100 100 100 100 60 (t) 7 16 60 11 20 (t) 100 7 (t) 8 (t) 84 (t) (t) (t) 100 50 (t ) 100 (t) 16 15 77 90 (t) (t) (t) Type I V U nder $250 _ $250-$499________ $500-$749________ $750-$999________ $1,000-$1,249_____ $1,250-$1,499_____ $l,500-$2,249_____ $2,250 and over___ 8 15 29 36 72 87 74 80 92 85 70 63 28 13 26 45 94 110 4 (*) 11 14 2 (*) 80 96 91 86 89 20 C) 38 186 ■ 118 33 33 234 217 20 238 167 * A v e r a g e a m o u n ts o f le s s th a n $1 a n d p e r c e n ta g e s o f le s s th a n 0.1 for e x p e n d itu r e s, or le s s th a n 1 p r o p o r tio n s o f fa m ilie s r e p o r tin g , are n o t s h o w n , tA v e r a g e s a n d p e r c e n ta g e s n o t c o m p u te d fo r few er th a n 3 c a ses. 7 14 11 62 67 80 for 172 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES ATLANTA, GA. a b l e 4 ^A . — M o n e y e x p e n d itu re for f a m ily h o m e b y ow ners a n d re n te rs , a n d fa cilitie s in c lu d e d in re n t for f a m ily h o m e : ty p e , a n d in c o m e , in 1 y e a r, 1 9 3 5 —3 6 —Continued Average Percentage expense for Percentage of renters having specified facilities included in rent of fam ilies fam ily hom e L ight S R enters 3 Garage H om e owners g § R enting g Furnishings O wning g O j © H ( 8) 3 R eporting expenditures © o (1 ) 3 O ccupational group, fam ily typ e, and incom e class E ligible N um ber of fam ilies B y o c c u p a tio n , f a m i ly (t) (t) 8 (t) if. M © S£ © ta O £ a ( 1 2 ) (13) £ Refrigeration ^ Percentage w ith none of £ these facilities in; eluded in rent T Type V U nder $250______ $250-$499________ $500-$749________ $750-$999 $1,000-$1,249 $1,250-$1,499_ _ $l,500-$2,249 $2,250 and over__ 4 62 138 178 96 40 34 24 2 11 21 14 15 12 15 11 (t) 9 ‘6 15 29 30 35 79 (t) 81 94 85 71 70 47 (t) $19 35 51 54 96 91 191 (t) 5 32 42 54 (t) (t) 86 99 68 58 27 (t) (t) 12 14 26 9 53 17 75 (t) 75 86 72 83 47 67 12 12 (t) 119 117 139 184 2 12 360 (t) (t) 14 78 82 76 (t) 152 (t) 101 119 105 149 134 (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) 25 60 80 (t) 104 130 129 171 198 280 300 (t) (t) (t) (t) $ 112 29 100 (t) 100 80 74 86 64 14 100 (t) (t) (t) 12 26 14 36 57 Type V I 14 U nder $250______ 54 $250-$499________ $500-$749________ 170 80 $750-$999________ $1,000-$1,249_____ 24 22 $1,250-$1,499_ 2 $l,500-$2,249_____ 6 $2,250 and over _ _ 1 19 21 11 12 11 1 3 100 (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) 94 88 100 71 75 (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) 100 50 62 79 50 33 (t) (t) (t) 6 12 29 25 Type V II U nder $250. 6 $250-$499_. _ 46 $500-$749________ 122 $750-$999________ 104 $1,000-$1,249_____ 60 $1,250-$1,499_ ___ 34 $l,500-$2,249_ 12 $2,250 and ov er. _ 16 1 8 11 13 14 16 5 8 8 134 108 204 tA verages and percentages not com puted for fewer than 3 cases. 13 4 (t) 50 25 21 50 67 100 173 TABULAR SUMMARY ATLANTA, GA. T A v e ra g e m o n e y e x p e n d itu r e f o r g ro u p s o f ite m s o f h o u seh o ld o p e r a tio n a n d p e rc e n ta g e d is tr ib u tio n o f su ch e x p e n d itu r e , by o c c u p a tio n , f a m i ly ty p e , a n d in c o m e in 1 y e a r , 1 9 3 5 - 8 6 a b l e 5.— H o u s e h o ld o p e ra tio n : [Negro nonrelief fam ilies including husband and w ife, both n a tive born] N um ber of fam ilies O ccupational g r o u p , fam ily type, and in com e class (1) A verage monej- expenditure for house hold operation R eport E ligi ing ex T otal ble pendi tures (2) (3) (4) Percentage of total household opera tion expenditure P aid household help Fuel, Fuel, ligh t, Other ligh t, and re P ercen t ite m s2 and re friger Average age of friger ation 1 am ount fam ilies ation 1 having (5) (8) (6) (7) (9) Paid house Other hold item s help (10) (ID A ll families U nder $250__________ $250-$499_______________ $500-$749_______________ $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____________ $1,500-$1,749____________ $1,750-$1,999____________ $2,000-$2,249____________ $2,250-$2,499____________ $2,500-$2,999____________ $3,000-$3,499____________ $3,500-$3,999____________ $4,000 and over_________ 182 980 1,926 1,508 698 376 62 64 56 60 36 26 10 20 24 134 194 161 120 99 26 25 22 24 17 9 5 9 $40 57 79 92 112 149 187 198 225 228 244 383 318 433 $32 46 61 67 79 91 108 121 125 134 125 169 134 178 182 872 1,742 1.342 590 298 24 103 123 99 73 62 40 57 79 91 107 143 32 46 62 67 77 88 10 54 44 46 24 20 22 28 66 5 27 22 23 12 9 9 11 28 59 79 101 124 155 162 206 199 258 44 56 76 87 96 106 125 118 136 (*) (*) (*) 1 4 2 3 3 13 9 27 17 24 46 40 60 $8 11 18 25 32 57 67 71 83 85 101 135 116 156 80.0 80.7 77.2 72.8 70.5 61.1 57.8 61.1 55.6 58.8 51.2 44.1 42.1 41.1 (*) (*) (*) 0.9 .7 6.4 3.0 7.5 4.1 7.4 20.6 21.4 22.9 20.0 19.3 22.8 27.2 28.6 38.2 35.8 35.9 36.9 37.1 41.4 35.3 36.5 36.0 1 1 4 1 3 3 8 11 17 24 30 54 80.0 80.7 78.5 73.6 72.0 61.5 (•) C) (*) (*) .7 20.0 19.3 21.5 26.4 28.0 37.8 3 1 2 11 9 4 13 8 33 18 18 18 15 20 24 35 59 56 68 73 89 74.6 70.9 75.2 70.2 61.9 65.4 60.7 59.3 52.7 8 20 40 33 14 22 36 50 61 72 66 108 115 77.0 73.2 66.0 66.0 60.1 49.7 60.7 54.4 44.6 $1 1 12 6 17 9 18 79 68 99 Occupational group: Wage earner U nder $250____________ $250-$499_______________ $500-$749_______________ $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____________ (*) (*) (*) (*) Clerical $250-$499 $500-$749_______________ $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499 $1,500-$1,749__ $1,750-$1,999____________ $2,000-$2,249____________ $2,250 and over________ 6.3 4.0 12.8 25.4 25.3 23.8 28.2 38.1 34.6 33.0 36.7 34.5 1.3 12.2 3.9 20.2 23.0 26.8 34.0 34.0 38.6 38.1 39.3 41.7 35.2 3.8 1.0 1.6 Independent business and professional 82 21 $250-$499 __ 61 100 $500-$749_ 82 29 90 $750-$999______ 24 106 40 $1,000-$1,249__ _ _ 13 147 26 $1,250-$1,499____________ 13 158 20 $1,500-$1,749____________ 189 7 22 6 $1,750-$1,999_ _ 168 10 4 259 $2,000-$2,249____________ 24 $2,250 and over. ________ 10 327 See p. 189 for notes on this table. •A verage am ounts of less than $1 and percentages 47 60 70 97 95 94 102 141 146 2 23 10 66 of less than 0.1 are not show n. 174 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES A T L A N T A , GA. T 5 . — H o u s e h o ld o p e ra tio n : A v e ra g e m o n e y e x p e n d itu r e f o r g r o u p s o f ite m s o f h o u seh o ld o p e r a tio n a n d p e rce n ta g e d is tr ib u tio n o f su ch e x p e n d itu r e , b y o c c u p a tio n , f a m i ly ty p e , a n d in c o m e , in 1 y e a r , 1 9 3 5 - 3 6 —Continued able N um ber of fam ilies O ccupational g r o u p , fam ily type, and in com e class (1) A verage m oney expenditure for house hold operation Report E lig i ing ex T otal ble pendi tures (2) (3) (4) Percentage of total household opera tion expenditure P aid household help F uel, F uel, light, ligh t, P aid Other and re house Other and re friger Average Percent item s friger hold item s age of ation am ount fam ilios ation help having (5) (8) (7) (9) (10) (11) (6) Salaried business and professional $250-$499_______________ $500-$749_______________ $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____________ $1,500-$1,749____________ $1,750-$1,999____________ $2,000-$2,249____________ $2,250 and over_________ 16 30 32 22 28 22 20 18 62 5 15 16 11 12 10 10 7 26 $44 80 101 132 191 207 221 246 312 $30 61 65 79 105 123 137 125 150 88 422 678 516 212 118 44 28 9 34 62 54 26 25 15 11 43 61 76 88 114 167 179 356 33 48 56 61 70 91 110 149 24 122 308 164 56 22 24 26 4 21 24 16 14 11 9 10 33 53 84 103 112 140 265 235 28 42 66 73 79 92 134 125 6 80 162 76 40 10 14 4 2 13 18 16 16 5 6 2 (t) 52 89 97 102 195 204 (t) (t) 42 69 77 78 119 92 (t) $1 3 13 5 29 36 6 7 18 10 33 43 $14 19 35 53 83 71 79 92 126 68. 2 76.2 64.4 59. 8 55.0 59.4 62.0 50.8 48.1 1.0 1.6 6.3 2.3 11.8 11.5 31. 8 23.8 34.6 40. 2 43.4 34.3 35.7 37.4 40.4 1 1 6 82 7 1 1 2 9 43 10 13 19 27 44 75 63 125 76.7 78. 7 73.7 69.3 61.4 54.5 61.5 41.9 1.3 (*) (*) .6 3.3 23.0 23.3 21. 3 25.0 30.7 38.6 44.9 35.2 35.1 2 7 9 39 20 50 15 5 11 18 30 31 48 92 90 84.8 79.2 78.6 70.9 70.5 65. 7 50.6 53.2 (t) 10 20 20 24 76 60 (t) (t) 80.8 77.5 79.4 76. 5 61.0 45.1 (t) U nder $250______ ____ 40 5 35 27 8 $250-$499_______________ 194 28 55 44 4 11 (*) $500-$749_______________ 348 37 78 63 15 $750-$999_______________ 390 1 37 95 71 5 23 $1,000-$1,249____________ 210 112 23 85 1 6 26 $l,250-$2,499____________ 130 141 19 87 54 $l,500-$2,249____________ 52 22 205 121 2 4 82 $2,250 and over________ 48 292 19 147 36 39 109 *A verage am ounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not show n, t A verages and percentages not com puted for fewer than 3 cases. 77.1 80.0 80.8 74.7 75.9 61. 7 59.0 50.3 Family type: Type I U nder $250___________ $250-$499_______________ $500-$749_______________ $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____________ $l,500-$2,249____________ $2,250 and o v er___ _____ (*) (*) Type II U nder$250___ __ ___ $250-$499_______________ $500-$749_______________ $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____________ $l,500-$2,249____________ $2,250 and o v e r . --------- (*) Type III U nder $250_____________ $250-$499_______________ $500-$749_______________ $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____________ $l,500-$2,249____________ $2,250 and over___ _____ Type I V (t) (*) (*) (t) (t) 1 2 52 (t) 64 (*) 1.8 14.7 8.5 (1) (*) (*) 25.5 (t) (*) i.i .9 1.0 12.3 15.2 20* 8 21.4 29 1 27.7 34 3 34.7 38.3 (t) 19. 2 22.5 20.6 23. 5 39.0 29^4 (t) 22. 9 2o! o 19. 2 24.2 23.2 38. 3 4o! o 37.4 TABULAR SUMMARY 175 A T L A N T A , GA. T o p e ra tio n : A v e ra g e m o n e y e x p e n d itu r e fo r g ro u p s of ite m s o f h o u seh o ld o p e r a tio n a n d p e rce n ta g e d is tr ib u tio n o f su ch e x p e n d itu r e , b y o c c u p a tio n , f a m i ly ty p e , a n d in c o m e , in 1 y e a r , 1 9 8 5 - 3 6 —Continued a b l e 5.— H o u s e h o ld Average m oney expenditure for household operation N um ber of fam ilies Occupational g r o u p , fam ily typ e, and in com e class (1) R eport E lig i ing ex T otal ble pendi tures (2) (3) (4) Percentage of total household opera tion expenditure P aid household help F uel, F uel, ligh t, ligh t, Other and re and re friger A verage Percent item s friger age of ation am ount fam ilies ation having (6) (7) (9) (5) (8) Paid house Other hold item s help (10) (11) (t) (t) 17. 2 17.9 23.1 26.4 29.4 36.8 36.8 Type V U nder $250-. __ ____ $250-$499_______________ $500-$749_______________ $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____________ $l,500-$2,249____________ $2,250 and over_________ 4 62 138 178 96 40 34 24 2 11 21 14 15 12 15 11 (t) $58 67 78 106 129 185 318 (t) $48 55 60 78 82 117 153 (t) 14 54 170 80 24 22 2 6 1 19 21 11 12 11 1 3 (t) 54 82 90 120 147 (t) 216 (t) 44 67 71 89 98 (t) 142 (t) (t) (t) 6 46 122 104 60 34 12 16 1 8 11 13 14 16 5 8 (t) 55 82 110 111 134 210 256 (t) 46 60 80 85 98 135 142 (t) (t) (t) 15 33 $9 48 (t) $10 12 18 28 38 68 117 (t) 82.8 82.1 76.9 73.6 63.6 63.2 48.1 (t) 10 15 19 30 49 (t) 74 (t) 81.5 81.7 78.9 74.2 66.7 (t) 65.7 (t) (t) 9 22 30 26 33 75 101 (t) 83. 6 73.2 72. 7 76. 6 73.2 64. 3 55. 5 (t) 7.0 15.1 Type V I U nder $250--------------- __ $250-$499_______________ $500-$749_______________ $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____________ $l,500-$2,249____________ $2,250 and over.................. (t) 1 8 .8 (t) (t) 18. 5 18.3 21.1 25.0 33.3 (t) 34.3 Type V II U nder $250_____________ $250-$499_______________ $500-$749_______________ $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____________ $l,500-$2,249____________ $2,250 and over. _ _____ 3 13 t Averages and percentages not com puted for fewer than 3 cases. 12 13 2.2 5.1 (t) 16. 4 26.8 27. 3 23. 4 24.6 35. 7 39.4 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 176 ATLANTA, GA. T A v e ra g e m o n e y e x p e n d itu r e f o r c lo th in g f o r h u s b a n d a n d w ife a n d oth er f a m i ly m e m b e r s , a n d p e rc e n ta g e d is tr ib u tio n o f su ch e x p e n d itu r e , b y o c c u p a tio n , f a m i ly ty p e , a n d in c o m e , in 1 y e a r , 1 9 3 5 - 3 6 a b l e 6.— C lo t h in g : [Negro nonrelief fam ilies including husband and wife, both native born] N um ber of fam ilies O ccu p a tio n a l grou p , fam ily type, and in com e class 0) Average m oney expenditure for clothing i R eport ing ex pendi tures (3) All fam ily m em bers (4) 182 980 1,926 1,508 698 376 62 64 56 60 36 26 10 20 24 134 194 161 120 99 26 25 22 24 17 9 5 9 $10 27 55 94 126 158 199 217 201 220 290 364 429 555 $2 10 19 30 35 49 58 70 60 58 75 96 125 129 $4 10 21 35 42 56 61 85 61 72 88 139 199 153 182 872 1,742 1,342 590 298 24 103 123 99 73 62 10 28 56 94 132 163 2 10 19 30 36 50 10 54 44 46 24 20 22 28 66 5 27 22 23 12 9 9 11 28 23 66 88 102 172 181 227 249 282 21 29 24 13 13 7 6 4 10 21 47 99 81 123 188 240 123 295 E ligible (2) H u s band W ife (5) (6) Other fam ily m em bers (7) Percentage of total fam ily clothing expenditure Other fam ily m em bers (10) H u s band W ife (8) (9) $4 7 15 29 49 53 80 62 80 90 127 129 105 273 20.0 37.0 34.5 31.9 27.8 31.0 29.1 32.3 29.9 26.4 25.9 26.4 29.1 23.2 40.0 37.0 38.2 37.2 33.3 35.4 30.7 39.2 30.3 32.7 30.3 38.2 46.4 27.6 40.0 26.0 27.3 30.9 38.9 33.6 40.2 28.5 39.8 40.9 43.8 35.4 24.5 49.2 4 10 21 35 41 57 4 8 16 29 55 56 20.0 35.7 33.9 31.9 27.3 30.7 40.0 35.7 37.5 37.2 31.1 35.0 40.0 28.6 28.6 30.9 41.6 34.3 8 28 29 26 59 46 88 65 71 11 24 34 40 75 60 75 74 94 4 14 25 36 38 75 64 110 117 34.8 42.4 33.0 25.5 34.3 25.4 38.8 26.1 25.2 47.8 36.4 38.6 39.2 43.6 33.1 33.0 29.7 33.3 17.4 21.2 28.4 35.3 22.1 41.5 28.2 44.2 41.5 8 16 32 18 36 50 69 45 83 8 18 33 44 25 71 110 32 98 5 13 34 19 62 67 61 46 114 38.1 34.0 32.3 22.2 29.3 26.6 28.8 36.6 28.1 38.1 38.3 33.3 54.3 20.3 37.8 45.8 26.0 33.2 23.8 27.7 34.4 23.5 50.4 35.6 25.4 37.4 38.7 A llf amilies U nder $250_____________ $250-$499_______________ $500-$749_______________ $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____________ $1,500-$1,749___________ $1,750-SI,999____________ $2,000-$2,249____________ $2,250-$2,499____________ $2,500-$2,999____________ $3,000-$3,499____________ $3,500-$3,999____________ $4,000 and over_________ Occupational group: Wage earner U nder $250_____________ $250-$499_______________ $500-$749_______________ $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$! ,249____________ $1,250-$1,499___________ Clerical $250-$499_______________ $500-$749_______________ $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499___________ $1,500-$1,749____________ $1,750-$1,999____________ $2,000 -$2,249____________ $2,250 and over_________ Independent business and professional $250-$499_______________ 82 $500-$749_______________ 100 $750-$999_______________ 90 $1,000-$1,249___________ 40 $1,250-$1,499____________ 26 $1,500-$1,749____________ 20 $1,750-$1,999____________ 22 $2,000-$2,249____________ 10 $2,250 and over_________ 24 See p. 189 for notes on this table. 177 TABULAR SUMMARY ATLA NTA, GA. T A v e ra g e m o n e y e x p e n d itu r e fo r c lo th in g fo r h u sb a n d a n d w ife a n d oth er f a m i ly m e m b e rs, a n d p e rc e n ta g e d is tr ib u tio n o f su ch e x p e n d itu r e , b y o c c u p a tio n , f a m i ly ty p e , a n d in c o m e , in 1 y e a r, 1 9 3 5 —8 6 —Continued a b l e 6.— C lo t h in g : N um ber of fam ilies O ccu p a tio n a l group, fam ily type, and in com e class (1) Average m on ey expenditure for clothing R eport ing ex pendi tures (3) A ll fam ily m em bers (4) 16 30 32 22 28 22 20 18 62 5 15 16 11 12 10 10 7 26 $19 51 91 127 127 225 181 171 368 $10 17 27 55 51 77 52 58 94 $4 19 40 49 48 53 68 57 122 88 422 678 516 212 118 44 28 9 34 62 54 26 25 15 11 7 25 55 83 115 146 199 280 2 12 26 35 44 64 91 116 5 13 28 46 60 82 106 164 24 122 308 164 56 22 24 26 4 21 24 16 14 11 9 10 15 28 54 80 126 154 142 178 4 11 19 30 39 41 50 64 6 9 21 29 52 64 62 73 6 80 162 76 40 10 14 4 2 13 18 16 16 5 6 2 (t) 35 48 97 125 126 223 (t) (t) 12 11 32 39 24 82 (t) Eligible (2) H us band W ife (5) (6) Other fam ily m em bers (7) Percentage of total fam ily clothing expenditure Other fam ily m em bers U0) H u s band W ife (8) (9) 52.6 33.3 29.7 43.3 40.2 34.2 28.7 33.9 25.5 21.1 37.3 44.0 38.6 37.8 23.6 37.6 33.3 33.2 28.6 48.0 47.3 42.2 38.3 43. 8 45.7 41.4 71.4 52.0 50.9 55.4 52.2 56.2 53.3 58. 6 5 8 14 21 35 49 30 41 26.7 40.7 35.2 37.5 31.0 26.6 35.2 36.0 40.0 33.3 38.9 36.3 41.3 41.6 43.7 41.0 33.3 26.0 25.9 26. 2 27.7 31.8 21.1 23.0 (t) 10 16 29 37 52 80 (t) (t) 13 21 36 49 50 61 (t) (t) 34.3 22.9 33.0 31.2 19.0 36.8 (t) (t) 28.6 33.3 29. 9 29.6 41.3 35.9 (t) (t) 37.1 43.8 37.1 39.2 39.7 27.3 (t) 1 7 20 38 35 44 61 123 4 11 26 36 56 63 90 155 16.7 28.0 27.0 25.3 26.0 32.3 23.7 25.1 16.7 28.0 31.7 38.4 28.5 27.8 30.8 33.1 66.6 44.0 41.3 36.3 45.5 39.9 45.5 41.8 Salaried business and professional $250-$499_______________ $500-$749_______________ $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249___________ $1,250-$1,499___________ $1,500-$1,749____________ $1,750-$1,999____________ $2,000-12,249____________ $2,250 and over_________ Family type: Type 1 2 U nder $250_____________ $250-$499_______________ $500-$749_______________ $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____ ____ $l,500-$2,249___________ $2,250 and over_________ $5 15 24 23 28 95 61 56 152 1 2 11 2 26.3 29.4 26.3 18.1 22.0 42.2 33.7 32.8 41.3 1.8 2.4 9.5 1.0 Type II U nder $250-------------------$250-$499_______________ $500-$749_______________ $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____________ $l,500-$2,249____________ $2,250 and over_________ Type III U nder $250___................ $250-$499_______________ $500-$749_______________ $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____________ $l,500-$2,249____________ $2,250 and over________ Type I V 5 6 1 U nder $250_____________ 40 194 28 25 7 $250-$499_______________ 63 $500-$749_______________ 348 37 17 25 $750-$999_______________ 390 99 37 32 $1,000-$1,249____________ 23 123 210 $1,250-$1,499____________ 158 51 130 19 $l,500-$2,249____________ 52 22 198 47 48 19 371 93 $2,250 and over_________ See p. 189 for notes on this table. tA verages and percentage not com puted for fewer than 3 cases. 178 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES ATLA NTA, GA. T A v e ra g e m o n e y e x p e n d itu r e fo r c lo th in g f o r h u s b a n d a n d w ife a n d oth er f a m i ly m e m b e rs, a n d p e rce n ta g e d is tr ib u tio n o f su ch e x p e n d itu r e , b y o c c u p a tio n , f a m i ly ty p e , a n d in c o m e , i n 1 y e a r , 1 9 3 5 - 3 6 — Continued a b l e 6.— C lo t h in g : N um ber of fam ilies O ccu p a tio n a l grou p , fam ily type, and in com e class (1) Average m oney expenditure for Percentage of total fam clothing ily clothing expenditure R eport ing ex pendi tures (3) All fam ily m em bers (4) 4 62 138 178 96 40 34 24 2 11 21 14 15 12 15 11 14 54 170 80 24 22 2 6 6 46 122 104 60 34 12 16 Eligible (2) H u s band W ife (5) (6) (t) $31 50 114 136 191 254 356 (t) (t) 1 19 21 11 12 11 1 3 (t) 20 64 91 119 134 (t) 219 (t) 4 18 24 33 33 (t) 58 (t) 5 17 27 34 44 (t) 72 1 8 11 13 14 16 5 8 (t) (t) (t) Other fam ily m em bers (7) Other fam ily m em bers (10) H u s band W ife (8) (9) (t) $20 30 58 89 114 151 214 (t) 16.1 22.0 27.2 16.2 19.4 22.8 18.5 (t) 19.4 18.0 21.9 18.4 20.9 17.7 21.4 (t) 64.5 60.0 50.9 65.4 59.7 59.5 60.1 (t) 11 29 40 52 57 (t) 89 (t) 20.0 28.1 26.4 27.7 24.6 (t) 26.5 (t) 25.0 26.6 29.7 28.6 32.8 (t) 32.9 (t) 55.0 45.3 43.9 43.7 42.6 (t) 40.6 ‘ (t) 27 26 87 115 126 139 319 (t) 13.9 19.0 15.1 16.3 16.7 21.9 14.2 (t) 11.1 19.0 11.8 14.5 15.6 19.4 14.9 (t) 75.0 62.0 73.1 69.2 67.7 58.7 70.9 Type V U nder $250.................... $250-$499_______________ $500-$749_______________ $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499....................... $l,500-$2,249____________ $2,250 and over_________ $5 11 31 22 37 58 66 $6 9 25 25 40 45 76 Type V I U nder $250____ ________ $250-$499_______________ $500-$749_______________ $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499___________ $l,500-$2,249___________ $2,250 and over____ __ Type V II U nder $250-------------------$250-$499_____ _________ $500-$749----------------------$750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____ _______ $l,500-$2,249__......... .......... $2,250 and over------------- 36 42 119 166 186 237 450 5 8 18 27 31 52 64 t Averages and percentages not com puted for fewer than 3 cases. 4 8 14 24 29 46 67 179 TABULAR SUMMARY A TLA N TA , GA. T 7 . —Personal care: A verage m oney expenditure fo r toilet articles and p re p arations, and services, and percentage distribu tion of such expenditure, by occupa tion, fa m ily type, and incom e, in 1 year, 1 9 3 5 -3 6 able [Negro nonrelief fam ilies including husband and wife, both native born] O ccupational group, fam ily typ e, and incom e class Percentage of total N um ber of fam ilies Average m on ey expenditure for personal care ex personal care penditure E ligible (1) (2) R eport ing ex pendi tures (3) T otal (4) T oilet T oilet articles articles Services 1 and prep Services 1 and prep arations arations (5) (6) (7) (8) A ll families U nder $250_____________________ $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250-$2,499___________________ $2,500-$2,999___________________ $3,000-$3,499___________________ $3,500-$3,999_____________ ______ $4,000 and over. __ ____________ 182 980 1,926 1,508 698 376 62 64 56 60 36 26 10 20 24 134 194 161 120 99 26 25 22 24 17 9 5 9 $6 11 18 24 33 39 41 41 43 48 53 70 56 119 $2 5 8 11 15 18 21 17 17 20 21 37 25 56 $4 6 10 13 18 21 20 24 26 28 32 33 31 63 33.3 45.5 44.4 45.8 45.5 46.2 51.2 41.5 39.5 41.7 39.6 52.9 44.6 47.1 66.7 54.5 55.6 54.2 54.5 53.8 48.8 58.5 60.5 58.3 60.4 47.1 55.4 52.9 182 872 1, 742 1, 342 590 298 24 103 123 99 73 62 6 11 18 23 33 40 2 5 7 10 15 19 4 6 11 13 18 21 33.3 45.5 38.9 43.5 45.5 47.5 66.7 54.5 61.1 56. 5 54.5 52.5 10 54 44 46 24 20 22 28 66 5 27 22 23 12 9 9 11 28 12 18 30 33 39 40 50 40 48 5 9 14 15 17 20 23 16 21 7 9 16 18 22 20 27 24 27 41.7 50.0 46.7 45. 5 43.6 50.0 46.0 40.0 43.7 58.3 50.0 53.3 54.5 56.4 50.0 54.0 60.0 56.3 21 29 24 13 13 7 6 4 10 11 16 24 21 37 42 35 35 55 5 7 11 9 19 25 15 11 27 6 9 13 12 18 17 20 24 28 45.5 43.8 45.8 42.9 51.4 59.5 42.9 31.4 49.1 54.5 56.2 54.2 57.1 48.6 40.5 57.1 68.6 50.9 Occupational group: Wage earner Under $250_________________ __ $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ Clerical $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and over_______________ Independent business and professional 82 $250-$499_______________________ 100 $500-$749_______________________ 90 $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ 40 26 $1,250-$!,499___________________ 20 $1,500-$1,749___________________ 22 $1,750-$1,999___________________ 10 $2,000-$2,249___________________ 24 $2,250 and over___________ ___ 1 See glossary, appendix B , for item s included. 180 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES A TLA N TA , GA. T 7.—Personal care: A verage m oney expenditure fo r toilet articles an d p rep a ration s , and services , and percentage distribu tion of such expen ditu re , by occupa tio n , fa m ily ty p e , and in com e , in 1 yea r , 1935—36 —Continued able Percentage of total N um ber of fam ilies Average m on ey expenditure for personal care ex personal care penditure O ccupational group, fam ily type, and incom e class E ligible (1) (2) R eport ing ex pendi tures (3) T otal (4) T oilet T oilet articles articles Services and prep Services and prep arations arations (5) (6) (7) (8) Salaried business and profes sional $250-1499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and over________________ 16 30 32 22 28 22 20 18 62 5 15 16 11 12 10 10 7 26 $7 18 23 38 34 41 38 53 82 $3 8 10 19 13 19 14 23 36 $4 10 13 19 21 22 24 30 46 42.9 44.4 43.5 50.0 38.2 46.3 36.8 43.4 43.9 57.1 55.6 56.5 50.0 61.8 53.7 63.2 56.6 56.1 88 422 678 516 212 118 44 28 9 34 62 54 26 25 15 11 5 11 20 24 32 42 34 52 1 5 9 10 13 17 14 23 4 6 11 14 19 25 20 29 20.0 45.5 45.0 41.7 40.6 40.5 41.2 44.2 80.0 54.5 55.0 58.3 59.4 59.5 58.8 55.8 24 122 308 164 56 22 24 26 4 21 24 16 14 11 9 10 6 11 16 25 27 38 40 36 2 3 6 13 14 18 14 14 4 8 10 12 13 20 26 22 33.3 27.3 37.5 52.0 51.9 47.4 35.0 38.9 66.7 72.7 62.5 48.0 48.1 52.6 65.0 61.1 6 80 162 76 40 10 14 4 2 13 18 16 16 5 6 2 7 10 13 14 25 19 (t) 50.0 41.2 45.8 41.7 51.9 48.6 (t) 3 6 10 13 16 20 22 37 50.0 45.5 41.2 43.5 50.0 50.0 51.1 50.0 Family type: Type I U nder $250_____________________ $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and over. _ . ------------- Type II U nder $ 2 5 0 .----- ----------------- _ $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and over _ Type III U nder $250 - ___ _ $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and o v e r . . _____________ (t) (t) 14 17 24 24 52 37 (t) (t) 7 7 11 10 27 18 (t) (t) (t) (t) 50.0 58.8 54.2 58.3 48.1 51.4 Type I V 40 5 6 U nder $250_____________________ 194 11 28 $250-$499_______________________ 348 37 17 $500-$749_______________________ 390 37 23 $750-$999_______________________ 23 210 32 $1,000-$1,249___________________ 130 19 40 $1,250-$1,499----------------------------52 22 45 $l,500-$2,249___________________ 19 74 48 $2,250 and over________________ t Averages and percentages not com puted for fewer than 3 cases. 3 5 7 10 16 20 23 37 50.0 54.5 58.8 56.5 50.0 50.0 48.9 50.0 181 TABULAR SUMMARY A TLA N TA , GA. T 7.—Personal care: A verage m oney expen ditu re for toilet articles and p re p arations, and services, and percentage d istribu tion of such expenditure, by occupa tion, fa m ily type, and incom e, in 1 year, 1935— —Continued 36 able O ccupational group, fam ily type, and incom e class Percentage of total N um ber of fam ilies A verage m on ey expenditure for personal care ex personal care penditure E ligible (1) (2) R eport ing ex pendi tures (3) T otal (4) T oilet T oilet articles articles Services and prep Services and prep arations arations (5) (6) (7) (8) Type V Under $250____________________ $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $l,50O-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and over________________ 4 62 138 178 96 40 34 24 2 11 21 14 15 12 15 11 (t) $10 18 21 40 36 47 65 14 54 170 80 24 22 2 6 1 19 21 11 12 11 1 3 (t) 6 46 122 104 60 34 12 16 1 8 11 13 14 16 5 8 (t) $4 7 10 18 19 22 27 (t) $6 11 11 22 17 25 38 (t) (t) (t) (t) 40.0 38.9 47.6 45.0 52.8 46.8 41.5 60.0 61.1 52.4 55.0 47.2 53.2 58.5 Type V I U nder $250__- ___ _______ __ $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and over. _ .. __________ 10 19 24 33 30 (t) 48 (t) 3 9 9 18 12 (t) 27 (t) (t ) 7 10 15 15 18 21 30.0 47.4 37.5 54.5 40.0 (t) 56.2 70.0 52.6 62.5 45.5 60.0 (t) 43.8 (t) (t) Type VII U nder $250__ _ __ _______ __ $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,26O-$1,409___________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and over _ _ - ___ __ (t) 15 16 25 37 32 47 78 tA verages and percentages not com puted for fewer than 3 cases. (t) 7 7 13 18 13 21 22 (t) 8 9 12 19 19 26 56 46.7 43.8 52.0 48.6 40.6 44.7 28.2 53.3 56.2 48.0 51.4 59. 4 55. 3 71.8 182 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES A TLA N TA , GA. T 8.—Automobile operation and purchase: Percentage of fa m ilies own in g and purchasing autom obiles , average m oney expenditure fo r all fa m ilies fo r operation and purch ase , by occupation , fa m ily ty p e , and incom e , in 1 yea r , able 1 9 8 5 -3 6 [Negro nonrelief fam ilies including husband and wife, both native born] N um ber of fam ilies O ccupational group, fam ily typ e, and incom e class (1) Eligible (2) Report ing ex pendi tures (3) Percentage of all fam ilies Average m oney expenditure of all families Owning Purchas Operation Opera auto ing auto and pur tion 1 m obiles m obiles chase (6) (5) (4) (7) Purchase (net) 2 (8) A ll families U nder $250_______ _________ $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$! ,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250-$2,499___________________ $2,500-$2,999___________________ $3,000-83,499___________________ $3,500-$3,999___________________ $4,000 and over________________ Occupational group: Wage earner U nder $250_____________________ $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ Clerical $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$!,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and o v e r _ .____ __ ___ Independent business and pro fessional $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________ _______ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$!,499___________________ $1,500-$1, 749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and over________________ Salaried business and profes sional 182 980 1,926 1,508 698 376 62 64 56 60 36 26 10 20 24 134 194 161 120 99 26 25 22 24 17 9 5 9 7 4 9 17 34 32 66 45 55 45 63 62 80 90 4 4 12 11 10 16 25 7 6 46 40 50 182 872 1,742 1,342 590 298 24 103 123 99 73 62 7 3 9 17 29 31 4 4 11 11 10 54 44 46 24 20 22 28 66 5 27 22 23 12 9 9 11 28 7 4 48 25 44 45 46 51 7 17 17 12 36 14 15 82 100 90 40 26 20 22 10 24 21 29 24 13 13 7 6 4 10 6 22 19 68 38 80 32 40 100 12 13 31 64 50 73 60 78 54 5 16 $250-$499_______________________ 15 30 $500-$749_______________________ 32 16 $750-$999_______________________ 22 11 $1,000-$1,249___________________ 12 28 $1,250-$1,499___________________ 22 10 $1,500-$1,749___________________ 10 20 $1,750-$1,999___________________ 18 7 $2,000-$2,249___________________ 62 26 $2,250 and over________________ See p. 189 for notes on this table. ♦ Average am ounts of less th an $1 and percentages of less $1 7 19 47 65 104 137 169 121 103 198 482 584 (*) $1 4 12 28 35 81 44 78 76 83 53 238 247 (*) $3 7 19 30 23 93 9] 45 20 145 244 337 3 12 24 30 3 7 15 27 7 5 107 96 107 269 111 125 3 5 52 29 71 37 55 79 4 55 67 36 232 56 46 42 2 15 45 55 98 103 18 67 387 2 12 17 48 54 103 18 67 167 220 6 27 7 18 10 56 19 4 8 10 142 103 102 122 315 243 4 8 9 56 83 70 79 120 113 1 86 20 32 43 195 130 2 10 5 15 6 19 39 57 than 0.1 are not show n. 3 28 7 44 183 TABULAR SUMMARY A TLA N TA , GA. T 8.— A u to m o b ile o p e r a tio n a n d p u r c h a se : Percentage of fa m ilies own ing and purchasing autom obiles , average m oney expenditure for all fa m ilies for operation and purch ase , by occupation , fa m ily ty p e , and incom e , in 1 year , able 1935 36— Continued - N um ber of fam ilies O ccupational group, fam ily type, and incom e class E ligible (2) (1) Report ing ex pendi tures Percentage of all fam ilies O wning Purchas Operation Opera Purchase auto ing auto and pur tion (net) m obiles m obiles chase (4) (3) Average m oney expenditure of all fam ilies (6) (5) (8) (7) Family type: Type I U nder $250__ _ . . . _____ $250-$499______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and o v e r ___ __________ 88 422 678 516 212 118 44 28 9 34 62 54 26 25 15 11 11 5 8 18 60 42 57 93 5 4 60 14 18 29 24 122 308 164 56 22 24 26 4 21 24 16 14 11 9 10 9 16 46 20 54 67 62 8 9 4 9 17 38 6 80 162 76 40 10 14 4 2 13 18 16 16 $1 3 13 59 41 63 115 $1 8 21 90 94 150 176 $5 8 31 53 87 61 8 37 20 58 106 89 3 3 13 13 65 237 Type II Under $250________ __________ $250-$499______________ ___ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and over________________ (*) 11 40 33 71 171 326 (*) Type III U nder $250____________________ $250-$499 ____________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and o v e r ... __________ 5 6 2 (t) (t) (t) (t) 1 18 35 60 43 1 12 29 (t) 1 7 26 42 14 33 5 (t) (t) 2 42 (t) 205 72 (t) 1 7 7 (t) 133 Type IV U nder $ 2 5 0 . . . . . __________ $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and over______________ __ 40 194 348 390 210 130 52 48 5 28 37 37 23 19 22 19 13 12 25 20 63 52 4 5 7 8 20 12 9 19 19 43 148 202 2 11 8 16 71 94 7 8 11 27 77 108 Type V 4 U nder $250_____________________ 2 (t) (t) (t) 11 $250-$499_______________________ 62 $500-$749_____________________ 2 138 21 8 $750-$999_______________________ 14 178 $1,000-$1,249___________________ 15 96 8 30 15 $1,250-$1,499___________________ 12 25 40 5 44 $l,500-$2,249___________________ 34 15 38 27 $2,250 and over ____________ . 24 11 79 17 220 ♦ Average am ounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not show n. fAverages and percentages not com puted for fewer than 3 cases. 1 2 5 0 1 8 ° — 40 - -13 (t) (t) 2 14 39 27 138 16 5 82 184 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES ATLANTA, GA. 8.— Automobile operation and purchase: Percentage of families own ing and purchasing automobiles, average money expenditure for all families for operation and purchase, by occupation, family type, and income, in 1 year, T able 1 9 8 5 -3 6 —Continued Number of families Occupational group, family type, and income class (1) Type VI Under $250_________ $250-$499___________ $500-$749...................... $750-$999...................... $1,000-$1,249________ $1,250-$1,499............ .. $l,500-$2,249................ $2,250 and over-------Type VII Under $250-----$250-$499______ $500-$749______ $750-$999______ $1,000-$1,249— $1,250-$1,499— $l,500-$2,249— $2,250 and over. Eligible (2) Report ing ex pendi tures (3) 14 54 170 80 24 22 2 6 1 19 21 11 12 11 1 3 6 46 122 104 60 34 12 16 1 8 11 13 14 16 5 8 Percentage of all families Owning Purchas Operation Opera Purchase auto ing auto and pur tion (net) mobiles mobiles chase (4) (t) (t) (t) (6) 5 1 11 50 64 11 13 12 12 67 25 (t) (t) 1 33 45 (t) 4 9 33 12 (7) (t) $3 (t) $3 (t) (t) (t) (t) (t) (5) t Averages and percentages not computed for fewer than 3 cases. Average money expenditure of all families (t) 3 3 136 183 31 12 9 207 127 (8) 1 3 42 61 $2 94 122 (t) 10 10 9 75 81 21 2 132 46 TABULAR SUMMARY 185 ATLANTA, GA. T able 9.— R ecreation: Average money expenditure for recreation of specified types, by occupation, family type , and income, in 1 year, 19S5-S6 [Negro nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Number of families Occupational group, family type, and income class 0) Average money expenditure for recreation Paid admissions Eligible penditures Total (2) (3) (4) Movies (5) Equip ment for games Other i and Other 1 sports (6) (7) (8) A ll families 182 24 $3 Under $250 _________________ $1 5 134 980 1 $250-$499_------ ----------------------(*) 194 1,926 11 3 $500-$749____________________ (*) 16 5 1, 508 161 $750-$999____________________ $1 25 698 120 8 2 $1,000-$1,249_------------------------376 99 32 11 3 $1,250-$1,499................................... 29 62 26 9 2 $1,500-$1,749................................... 64 25 39 9 4 $1,750-$1,999_................................. 54 56 19 22 4 $2,000-$2,249................................... 24 69 14 60 4 $2,250-$2,499_________________ 36 45 15 17 7 $2,500-$2,999--------- ----------------85 26 9 22 15 $3,000-$3,499_................................. 5 59 16 10 8 $3,500-$3,999_________________ 169 9 48 20 22 $4,000 and over_______________ Occupational group: Wage earner 1 3 24 182 Under $250 ____________ 5 1 872 103 $250-$499____________________ (*) 11 3 1,742 123 $500-$749____________________ (*) 5 15 1 99 1, 342 $750-$999___ _________________ 25 8 73 3 590 $1,000-$1,249__------- --------------32 11 3 62 298 $1,250-$1,499_________________ Clerical 1 (*) 4 5 10 ...... ................ $250-$499 14 6 (•) 27 54 $K0O-$74Q - _____ 18 8 1 22 44 $750-$999____________________ 7 2 30 46 23 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 32 11 1 24 12 $1,250-$1,499_________________ 9 33 4 9 20 $1,500-$1,749_________________ 13 2 9 43 22 $1,750-$1,999_________________ 16 51 2 28 11 $2,000-$2,249_________________ 15 5 44 28 $2,250 and over_____ ____ _ 66 Independent business and professional 2 1 21 10 82 $250-$499____________________ 2 1 6 29 100 $500-$749____________________ 6 13 1 24 90 $750-$999____________________ 3 18 13 40 $1,000-$1,249______ ____ ______ (*) 32 8 7 13 26 $1,250-$1,499_________________ 16 7 1 7 20 $1,500-$1,749_________________ 4 7 22 33 6 $1,750-$1,999_________________ 15 9 4 51 10 $2,000-$2,249_________________ 21 10 96 24 10 $2,250 and over_______________ 1 See glossary, appendix B, for items included. ♦ Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. (*) $1 1 1 3 2 4 1 6 5 1 6 3 11 $2 3 7 9 12 16 14 25 25 46 22 42 32 88 1 1 1 4 2 2 3 7 8 10 16 (•) 1 6 10 1 7 1 3 8 9 20 14 10 27 26 23 3 1 (*) (*) 2 2 1 4 5 4 2 6 15 15 6 21 23 60 (•) 186 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES A TLAN TA, GA. Average money expenditure for recreation of specified types, by occupation, family type, and income, in 1 year, 1985-36— Continued T a b l e 9.— Recreation: Number of families Occupational group, family type, and income class (1) Report Eligible ing ex pendi tures (2) (3) Average money expenditure for recreation Paid admissions Total (4) Movies Other (5) (6) Salaried business and professional $250-$499_____________________ (*) 16 5 (*) $500-$749____________________ $3 30 15 $1 $1 32 $750-$999_____________________ 17 5 1 16 22 2 11 19 9 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 12 23 2 $1,250-$1,499_________________ 28 8 22 2 10 36 9 $1,500-$1,749_________________ 20 10 41 5 8 $1,750-$1,999_________________ 59 26 5 18 7 $2,000-$2,249_________________ 62 109 14 25 26 $2,250 and over_________ .. Family type: Type I 1 9 Under $250.. _____________ 88 (*) 1 422 34 2 $250-$499_________________ 62 4 678 8 $500-$749_____________________ (*) 54 516 9 3 1 $750-$999____________________ 212 26 20 5 5 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 28 4 118 25 10 $1,250-$1,499_________________ 44 15 28 7 3 $l,500-$2,249_________________ 11 61 28 18 9 $2,250 and over_______ _ __ __ Type II 1 24 4 Under $250 122 21 7 2 $250-$499____________________ (•) 24 2 308 13 $500-$749____________________ O 1 164 20 6 $750-$999____________________ 16 14 1 16 5 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 56 30 11 11 2 $1,250~$1,499_________________ 22 4 24 20 9 57 $l,500-$2, 249_________________ 10 42 8 5 26 $2,250 and over___ ______ ____ Type III 2 (*) Under $250______ ___ ___ _ _ 6 2 13 16 $250-$499____________________ 80 3 11 4 $500-$749____________________ 162 18 1 1 $750-$999____________________ 15 3 76 16 1 40 16 20 5 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 1 $1,250-$1,499_________________ 10 5 25 13 14 6 45 16 5 $1,500-$2,249_________________ $2,250 and over________ . . . _ 4 2 (t) (t) (t) Type IV (*) 40 5 9 Under $250 2 1 194 28 6 $250-$499____________________ 11 4 348 37 $500-$749____________________ (•) 1 14 5 390 37 $750~$999____________________ 1 29 9 210 23 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 4 19 11 37 130 $1,250-$1,499_________________ 34 9 4 $l,500-$2,249_________________ 52 22 103 13 19 23 48 $2,250 and over. _ _ ________ *Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. fAverages and percentages not computed for fewer than 3 cases. Equip ment for games and sports (7) Other (8) (*) (*) (*) (*) (*) C) $7 10 1 1 4 5 8 13 17 34 (*) C) 2 1 1 1 (*) (*) (•) 3 3 6 3 3 1 (•) 3 3 (*) (t) 2 I (•) 6 3 4 81 $1 11 8 13 25 28 21 60 (*) (*) (t) 5 11 13 7 14 27 26 8 5 11 11 8 24 9 1 4 8 13 19 17 59 TABULAR SUMMARY 187 ATLANTA, GA. Average money expenditure for recreation of specified types, by occupation, family type, and income, in 1 year, 1985— — Continued 86 T a b l e 9.— Recreation: Number of families Occupational group, family type, and income class (1) Type V Under $250..................................... $250-$499.................. ....................... $500-$749_____________________ $750-$999___ ____ ____________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499................................... $l,500-$2,249_________________ $2,250 and over.......................... Type VI Under $250__________________ $250-$499___ _____ ___________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999_____________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $l,500-$2,249_________________ $2,250 and o v e r _______________ Average money expenditure for recreation Paid admissions Eligible Report ing ex pendi tures Total (2) (3) (4 ) 4 62 138 178 96 40 34 24 2 11 21 14 15 12 15 11 14 54 170 80 24 22 2 6 1 19 21 11 12 11 1 6 46 104 60 34 12 16 8 11 13 14 16 5 3 (t ) (t) (t ) Other (5 ) (6) $10 17 31 22 25 49 101 (t ) 3 14 17 29 45 46 (t ) (* ) 4 14 15 40 26 43 67 (t ) (t ) $1 4 12 9 10 17 24 (t ) $1 1 2 Other (7 ) Movies Equip ment for games and sports (8 ) $9 9 17 7 10 27 65 (t ) 3 8 12 18 29 24 $3 1 4 1 2 2 4 3 10 (t ) (t ) (t ) C ) 1 3 9 11 15 (*) 1 (*) 1 1 (t ) 3 (t) o 3 7 6 15 7 (*) (*) 2 (*) 1 1 (t ) (t ) (t ) 4 2 1 4 4 (t ) Type V II Under $250__________________ $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249___ ____ _________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $l,500-$2,249.................................. $2,250 and o v e r _ ___ _ _ _ _ _ _ 122 1 8 (t ) 8 25 ♦ Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. fAverages and percentages not computed for fewer than 3 cases. 9 (t) 1 3 1 5 10 4 1 6 4 24 13 24 29 Footnotes for Tables in Expenditure Tabular Summary A tlanta (N egro) TABLE 1 See glossary, appendix B, for eligibility requirements, methods used in deriving weighted averages, and definitions of terms used in this and subsequent tables. 2 Money income is equal to the sum of money expenditure (column 7) plus net surplus or deficit (column 8) plus net balancing difference (column 9). s Nonmoney income from housing includes imputed income from owned family or vacation homes plus rent received as pay or gift (average amounts based on all families, whether or not they reported such non money income). 4 Includes purchase on cash or credit basis. Does not include money disbursements resulting in an increase in family assets or a decrease in liabilities. (Examples of disbursements not treated as expenditures will be found in the glossary, appendix B.) 8 See glossary, appendix B, for definitions of surplus and deficit. 6 Represents the average net difference between reported money receipts and reported money disburse ments. See glossary, appendix B. A maximum balancing difference within 5.5 percent was allowable on each schedule. TABLE 1-A 1 A surplus represents an increase in assets or a decrease in liabilities, or both; a deficit represents a decrease in assets or an increase in liabilities, or both. 2 Some families reported neither surplus nor deficit for the year; therefore the sum of columns 5 and 6 does not always equal 100 percent. s Since the average amounts in these 2 columns are based on the number of families reporting surplus or deficit, respectively, they do not add to the average net surplus or deficit shown in column 4. 1 TABLE 2 1 The averages in this table include money expenditure for goods and services purchased on either cash or credit basis. They do not include value of goods and services received without money expense. Aver ages are based on all families, whether or not they reported expenditures for the specified categories. 2 Housing expenditures include the money expense of home owners and rent contracted for by renting families for family homes and other housing. The value of fuel, light, and refrigeration is included when furnished by the landlord and included in the rental rate. 3 Includes all expenditures for operation and maintenance (see table 8), and the net purchase price (gross price less trade-in allowance) of automobiles bought during the schedule year. The proportion of auto mobile expense chargeable to business has been deducted. See glossary, appendix B. 4 Includes paid admissions, equipment and supplies for games, sports, and other recreation, club dues, and the like. Does not include expense for transportation, food, or lodging while on vacation. 8 Taxes include only poll, income, and personal property taxes. All other taxes, such as those on real estate, amusements and retail sales taxes, are included as a part of the expenditure for these items. Gifts do not include gifts from one member of the economic family to another. TABLE 3 i Includes expenditures for board at school, which amounted to less than 5 percent of average food expense for all families. Among families in the business and professional categories, it amounted at most to an average of $4, at the income levels $1,250 to $1,499 and $1,750 to $1,999. For families of type V, it amounted at most to $3, at the income level $1,250 to $1,499. a See glossary, appendix B, for method of deriving this figure. TABLE 4 1 Average amounts for renting families based on rental rate contracted for. Value of fuel, light, and refrigeration is included when furnished by the landlord and included in the rental rate. See table 4-A for percent of families for whom these facilities were included as part of the rest. 2 See table 4-A for separation of expense for owning and renting families. 3 Includes net money expenditure for owned or rented vacation homes, lodging while traveling or on vacation, and room at school. 4 See glossary, appendix B, for method of deriving this figure. Includes nonmoney income from owned vacation homes, which amounted at most to an average of less than 1 dollar for all families. 8 Percentages based on the average value of all housing (column 6). 188 TABULAR SUMMARY 189 TABLE 4-A i These two percentages do not always add to 100, since families that both owned and rented during the year, or received rent as gift or pay, are not included in columns 4 through 7. 3 Percentages based on renting families reporting these facilities included in rent at the end of the schedule year. TABLE 5 i Excludes value of fuel, light, and refrigeration furnished by the landlord and included in the rental rate. Fuel received without expense is not included in this average, but amounted to less than 5 percent of the money expense for fuel, light, and refrigeration for all families with incomes of $500 and over. 3 See glossary, appendix B, for items included. TABLE 6 i Value of clothing gifts from one family member to another are included in the average expenditure for the member receiving such gifts. Gifts of clothing to or from individuals outside the economic family are excluded. 3 For families of type I, averages and percentages shown in columns 7 and 10 are for individuals who were members of the economic family less than 27 weeks, and were therefore not considered equivalent menbers in determining family type. See glossary, appendix B, for method of classifying families by type. TABLE 7 i See glossary, appendix B, for items included. TABLE 8 1 To obtain the average expense of operation for families owning automobiles, divide the average shown in this column by the corresponding figure in column 4 and multiply by 100. 3 To obtain the average net purchase price (gross price less trade-in allowance) for families purchasing automobiles, divide the average shown in this column by the corresponding figure in column 5 and multiply by 100. TABLE 9 1 See glossary, appendix B, for items included. 190 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES S O U TH EA S T, 2 M ID D L E -S IZ E D C IT IE S 1.— Balance of family income and expenditure: Number of eligible families, number reporting expenditures, average net money and nonmoney income, average money expenditure for family living, net surplus or deficit, and balancing difference, by occupation, family type, and income, in 1 year, 1985— 36 T able [White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Number of fam ilies Occupational group, family type, and income class (1) Report Eligible1 ing ex pendi tures (2) (3) Average net income Total (4) Average Average money expendi net sur Non ture for plus or family deficit M oney1 money living 4 ( - ) * from housing3 (5) (6) (7) (8) Average net bal ancing differ ence • (9) A l l fa m ilie s 96 356 623 705 579 679 652 447 440 253 222 178 178 261 28 62 88 148 151 159 163 139 137 83 68 71 61 48 $430 626 886 1,124 1,354 1, 611 1,867 2,131 2, 368 2,735 3,234 3, 732 4, 375 7,446 $422 607 861 1,094 1, 302 1,538 1, 798 2,044 2, 259 2,596 3,069 3, 565 4,186 7,083 $8 19 25 30 52 73 69 87 109 139 165 167 189 363 $562 670 891 1,117 1,306 1,525 1, 767 1, 972 2,047 2, 387 2, 643 2, 967 3,500 4, 952 -$132 -4 8 -1 4 -1 6 5 22 35 86 213 214 452 600 716 2,144 —$8 -1 5 -1 6 -7 -9 -9 -4 -1 4 -1 -5 -2 6 -2 -3 0 -1 3 96 315 470 380 271 271 216 118 113 28 41 47 52 43 44 40 33 34 430 626 884 1,119 1,349 1,607 1.850 2,127 2,342 422 606 859 1,091 1,292 1, 529 1, 777 2,018 2,194 8 20 25 28 57 78 73 109 148 562 668 873 1,116 1, 262 1,453 1,633 1,947 1,963 -132 -4 7 3 -2 6 33 81 141 98 240 -8 -1 5 -1 7 1 -3 -5 3 -2 7 -9 41 153 197 203 251 255 177 151 21 41 38 43 38 41 35 628 893 1,126 1,358 1,621 1,881 2,138 2,375 617 867 1,095 1, 316 1,544 1,818 2, 052 2,288 11 26 31 42 77 63 86 87 689 948 1,111 1, 324 1,555 1,842 1,925 2,067 -61 -6 7 4 3 1 -2 0 139 222 -11 -1 4 -2 0 -11 -1 2 -4 -1 2 -1 $1,000-$1,249_______________ 70 $1,250-$1,499.______________ 57 $1,500-$1,749_______________ 56 $1,750-$1,999_______________ 66 $2,000-$2,249_______________ 49 55 $2,250-$2,499_______________ 73 $2,500-$2,999_______________ $3,000-$3,499 - ______________ 51 56 $3,500-$3,999_______________ $4,000-$4,999_______________ 50 $5,000 and over___ _____ 125 See p. 218 for notes on this table. 27 35 27 38 29 23 36 26 26 23 26 1,125 1,372 1,604 1,869 2,113 2,372 2, 748 3, 238 3, 717 4,299 8,144 1,094 1,289 1,508 1, 758 1,995 2, 211 2,599 3,069 3, 517 4,041 7,742 31 83 96 111 118 161 149 169 200 258 402 1,132 1,440 1,582 1, 716 1,950 1,932 2,397 2, 577 2,865 3, 212 5,127 -2 6 -135 -6 2 54 57 308 187 501 688 813 2,668 -1 2 -1 6 -1 2 -1 2 -1 2 -2 9 15 -9 -3 6 16 -5 3 $250-$499__________________ $500-$749__________________ $750-$999__________________ $1,000-$1,249_______________ $1,250-$1,499_______________ $1,500-$1,749_______________ $1,750-$1,999_______________ $2,000-$2,249_______________ $2,250-$2,499_______________ $2,500-$2,999_______________ $3,000-$3,499_______________ $3,500-$3,999_______________ $4,000-$4,999_______________ $5,000 and o v er___________ O c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p : W a g e earn er $250-$499__________________ $500-$749__________________ $750-$999__________________ $1,000-$1,249_______________ $1,250-$1,499_______________ $1,500-$1,749_______________ $1,750-$1,999_______________ $2,000-$2,249_______________ $2,250-$2,499_______________ C lerical $500-$749__________________ $750-$999__________________ $1,000-$1,249_______________ $1,250-$1,499_______________ $1,500-$1,749_______________ $1,750-$1,999_______________ $2,000-$2,249_______________ $2,250-$2,499t______________ 44 In d e p e n d e n t b u sin ess a n d p ro fessio n a l TABULAR SUMMARY S O U TH EA S T, 2 M ID D L E -S IZ E D 191 C IT IE S Number of eligible families, number reporting expenditures, average net money and nonmoney income, average money expenditure for family living, net surplus or deficit, and balancing difference, by occupation, family type, and income, in 1 year, 19S5-86— Continued T a b l e 1.— Balance of family income and expenditure: Number of fam ilies Occupational group, family type, and income class (1) Report Eligible ing ex pendi tures (2) (3) Average net income Total (4) Average Average money expendi net sur Non ture for plus or deficit Money money family (-) from living housing (5) (7) (8) (6) Average net bal ancing differ ence (9) S a la rie d b u sin ess a n d p ro fessio n a l 58 48 101 115 103 121 180 171 122 128 136 31 30 44 47 36 45 47 42 45 38 22 $1,143 1,340 1,604 1,865 2,134 2,382 2,730 3,232 3,740 4,404 6,805 $1,107 1,311 1,568 1,813 2,084 2, 306 2, 595 3,069 3, 587 4,243 6,477 $36 29 36 52 50 76 135 163 153 161 328 $1,130 1,320 1,614 1,881 2,092 2,152 2,383 2, 663 3,014 3, 612 4,791 -8 6 19 -4 0 -5 4 -4 136 225 437 559 679 1, 663 -817 -2 8 -6 -1 4 -4 18 -13 -3 1 14 -4 8 23 31 100 125 205 153 173 165 106 96 49 49 41 39 49 6 14 15 29 35 28 33 30 32 13 20 14 13 8 430 660 867 1,109 1,342 1,610 1,877 2,129 2, 370 2,803 3,242 3,791 4,379 6, 653 430 633 842 1,069 1,291 1,561 1,800 2,040 2, 251 2, 696 3,038 3,527 4,183 5, 926 27 25 40 51 49 77 89 119 107 204 264 196 727 512 665 835 1,052 1,207 1, 565 1,704 1,847 2,042 2,313 2, 528 2,486 3, 260 4,055 —72 -1 3 22 22 86 6 96 200 199 390 502 1,058 926 1,772 —10 -1 9 -1 5 -5 -2 -1 0 (*) -7 10 -7 8 -1 7 -3 99 34 143 316 284 228 259 226 146 144 95 78 57 42 64 12 23 38 59 59 62 62 46 52 31 22 20 21 21 425 600 896 1,130 1,357 1,605 1,856 2,130 2,387 2, 689 3, 228 3,723 4,411 7, 500 425 594 867 1,119 1, 323 1, 527 1,795 2, 060 2,281 2, 588 3,147 3,586 4,297 7, 236 6 29 11 34 78 61 70 106 101 81 137 114 264 617 629 908 1,143 1,379 1.513 1, 840 2, 024 2, 022 2, 351 2, 780 3, 216 3,292 5,146 —188 -2 5 -21 -1 4 -4 3 29 -31 48 274 237 434 398 1,026 2,022 —4 -1 0 -2 0 -1 0 -1 3 -1 5 -1 4 -1 2 -1 5 (*) -67 -2 8 -2 1 68 $250-8499__________________ 24 31 10 433 409 550 $500-8749__________________ 25 113 626 600 26 726 $750-8999__________________ 882 862 182 35 20 900 $1,000-81,249_______________ 216 60 1,130 1,085 45 1,146 $1,250-81,499_______________ 198 57 1,359 1,286 73 1, 300 $1,500-81,749_______________ 69 1,619 1,535 84 1, 510 247 $1,750-81,999_______________ 261 68 1,870 72 1,798 1,743 $2,000-82,249_______________ 195 63 2,133 2,035 98 2, 001 $2,250-82,499_______________ 200 53 2,354 2,247 107 2, 067 $2,500-82,999_______________ 109 39 2,744 2, 558 186 2, 450 95 3,233 213 2,590 $3,000-83,499_______________ 26 3,020 $3,500-83,999_______________ 80 37 3,709 3, 570 139 3, 037 $4,000-84,999_______________ 97 27 4, 358 4,139 219 3, 686 148 19 7,400 $5,000 and over, _________ 7,686 286 5,165 ‘Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. -131 -109 -2 8 -5 4 -4 26 54 63 177 115 440 508 498 2, 321 -1 0 -1 7 -1 0 -7 -1 0 -1 1 -1 9 3 -7 -1 0 25 -4 5 -8 6 $1,000-$1,249_______________ $1,250-$1,499_______________ $1,500-$1,749_______________ $1,750-$1,999_______________ $2,000-$2,249_______________ $2,250-$2,499_______________ $2,500-82,999__________ ____ $3,000-$3,499_______________ $3,500-$3,999_______________ $4,000-$4,999_______________ $5,000 and o v er__________ F a m ily ty p e : T y p e I $250-$499__________________ $500-8749__________________ $750-$999__________________ $1,000-$1,249_______________ $1,250-81,499_______________ $1,500-81,749_______________ $1,750-81,999_______________ $2,000-82,249_______________ $2,250-82,499. ______________ $2,500-$2,999_______________ $3,000-83,499_______________ $3,500-83,999-._____________ $4,000-84,999_______________ $5,000 and over— ______ T ypes I I and III $250-8499________ _______ $500-8749__________________ $750-8999__________________ $1,000-81,249_______________ $1,250-81,499_______________ $1,500-81,749_______________ $1,750-81,999_______________ $2,000-82,249_______________ $2,250-82,499_______________ $2,500-82,999_______________ $3,000-83,499_______________ $3,500-83,999_______________ $4,000-84,999_______________ $5,000 and over__ _________ T yp es I V and V 192 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES S O U T H E A S T , 3 M ID D L E -S IZ E D C IT IE S Percentage of families having a surplus or deficit, and average amounts reported, by occupation, family type, and incomet in 1 year, 1935— 1 36 T a b l e 1-A.— Net surplus or deficit: [White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Percentage of fam Average amount for Average ilies having *— families having *— net sur Occupational group, family plus or type, and income class Reporting deficit Eligible expendi Surplus Deficit Surplus Deficit (-) tures (4) (2) (3) (6) (7) (8) (5) (1) Number of families A l l fa m ilies $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999------------------------------$1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999------------ -------------$2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499______ ___________ $2,500-$2,999_________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________ $4,000-$4,999_________________ $5,000 and over------------ -----O cc u p a tio n a l g ro u p : W a g e earn er $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499------ -------------------C lerica l $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ 96 356 623 705 579 679 652 447 440 253 222 178 178 261 28 62 88 148 151 159 163 139 137 83 68 71 61 48 -$132 -4 8 -1 4 -1 6 5 22 35 86 213 214 452 600 716 2,144 15 42 57 59 61 62 66 68 82 76 94 89 81 90 72 51 36 34 35 33 32 27 18 22 6 9 19 10 $27 38 55 80 120 156 190 239 321 391' 505 692 994 2,512 $190 125 126 187 197 230 285 281 261 379 333 172 453 1,191 96 315 470 380 271 271 216 118 113 28 41 47 52 43 44 40 33 34 -132 -4 7 3 -2 6 33 81 141 98 240 15 41 63 64 66 78 83 63 86 72 53 30 34 32 19 14 30 14 27 39 55 76 127 162 222 271 305 190 119 107 224 164 238 303 243 145 41 153 197 203 251 255 177 151 21 41 38 43 44 38 41 35 -6 1 -6 7 4 3 1 -2 0 139 222 48 37 52 60 53 56 76 84 39 54 32 35 43 41 21 16 31 49 77 106 166 166 237 300 196 158 111 171 200 275 204 178 70 57 56 66 49 55 73 51 56 50 125 27 35 27 38 29 23 36 26 26 23 26 -2 6 -135 -6 2 54 57 308 187 501 688 813 2,668 56 37 63 62 63 96 73 96 84 80 90 39 54 33 33 34 4 24 4 13 20 10 90 141 136 213 232 341 380 529 830 1,088 3,001 198 344 448 238 281 475 371 216 92 285 171 In d e p e n d e n t b u sin ess a n d p r o fessio n a l $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250~$2,499_________________ $2,500-$2,999_________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________ $4,000-$4,999_________________ $5,000 and over______ ______ _ See p. 218 for notes on this table. TABULAR SUMMARY S O U TH EA S T, 2 M ID D L E -S IZ E D 193 C IT IE S Percentage of families having a surplus or deficit, and average amounts reported, by occupation, family typet and income, in 1 year, 1935-36— Continued T a b l e 1-A.— Net surplus or deficit: Percentage of fam Average amount for ilies having— families having— Average net surOccupational group, family yiuo or type, and income class Reporting deficit Eligible expendiSurplus Deficit Surplus Deficit (-) tures (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (1) S a la ried bu sin ess a n d p ro fe ssio n a l $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ $2,500-$2,999_________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ $3,500~$3,999_________________ $4,000-$4,999_________________ $5,000 and over_______________ 58 48 101 115 103 121 180 171 122 128 136 31 30 44 47 36 45 47 42 45 38 22 —$6 19 -4 0 -5 4 -4 136 225 437 559 679 1, 663 53 65 43 56 63 69 77 93 91 81 91 34 25 43 41 33 31 21 7 7 19 9 $90 116 116 130 212 356 396 497 632 960 2,068 $160 226 205 310 415 360 386 352 239 521 2,245 31 100 125 205 153 173 165 106 96 49 49 41 39 49 6 14 15 29 35 28 33 30 32 13 20 14 13 8 -7 2 -1 3 22 22 86 6 96 200 199 390 502 1, 058 926 1, 772 17 56 68 75 75 49 69 80 85 85 93 100 84 100 50 41 19 22 17 39 31 15 15 15 7 16 48 68 75 65 166 224 228 293 327 479 567 1, 058 1,169 1, 772 160 123 152 124 225 263 196 230 548 121 424 303 $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999________________ : $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ $2,500-$2,999_________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________ $4,000-$4,999_________________ $5,000 and over__ __ _ 34 143 316 284 228 259 226 146 144 95 78 57 42 64 12 23 38 59 59 62 62 46 52 31 22 20 21 21 -188 -2 5 -21 -14 -43 29 -31 48 274 237 434 398 1,026 2,022 8 49 58 56 48 60 50 71 79 78 92 90 94 95 83 44 40 38 48 36 44 28 21 22 8 10 6 5 24 18 48 81 104 185 208 205 394 400 488 453 1,107 2,154 228 77 122 156 192 227 310 355 183 356 155 88 175 431 $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ $2,500-$2,999_________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________ $4,000-$4,999_________________ $5,000 and over_______________ 31 113 182 216 198 247 261 195 200 109 95 80 97 148 10 25 35 60 57 69 68 63 53 39 26 37 27 19 -131 -109 -2 8 -5 4 -4 26 54 53 177 115 440 508 498 2, 321 20 21 46 48 64 74 78 60 82 70 96 83 74 85 80 69 39 40 32 24 21 34 18 25 4 12 26 15 15 24 48 98 90 99 157 230 266 333 485 648 854 2,975 168 164 128 254 193 193 318 250 217 468 545 221 521 1,301 F a m ily ty p e : T y p e I $250-$499_____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249_____________ ___ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ $2,500-$2,999_________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________ $4,000-$4,999_________________ $5,000 and over______ ______ _ T y p e I I and I I I T yp es I V and V S O U T H E A S T , 2 M ID D L E -S IZ E D T able 2. — Summary of family expenditure: C IT IE S Average money expenditure for specified groups of goods and services, by occupation, family type, and income, in 1 year, 1935-36 1 [White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Occupational group, family type, and Report income class Eligi ing ex ble pendi tures (1) A ll families $260-$499__________ $500-$749__________ $750-$999__________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249_______ $2,250-82,499_______ $2,500-82,999_______ $3,000-83,499_______ $3,500-83,999_______ $4,000-84,999_______ $5,000 and over.......... (2) (3) Aver age num ber of Total persons per family (4) (5) Household operation Food (6) Con FurFor tribu nishOther Per mal ings Cloth Auto trans sonal Medi Recre To Read edu tions Other Hous Fuel, and cal mo ing* light, and ing bile * porta care care ation 4 bacco ing cation per items tion and Other equip sonal ment refrig taxes5 eration (8) (7) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) Average money expenditure in dollars 96 356 623 705 579 679 652 447 440 253 222 178 178 261 28 62 88 148 151 159 163 139 137 83 68 71 61 48 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.8 562 670 891 1,117 1,306 1, 525 1,767 1,972 2,047 2, 387 2,643 2,967 3,500 4,952 223 269 328 383 434 508 536 582 582 631 681 705 811 996 123 114 149 175 181 210 245 261 259 328 316 364 436 545 48 64 79 90 100 109 119 123 130 144 148 164 176 213 23 29 41 62 81 101 137 154 172 226 278 325 365 551 11 23 25 48 73 68 71 79 73 72 80 93 108 213 51 58 72 102 123 151 166 209 212 261 298 319 380 591 6 10 46 55 82 100 164 178 183 249 298 322 402 499 9 4 7 14 14 15 15 22 21 25 24 20 33 22 11 14 21 26 29 31 37 40 41 45 47 55 56 93 25 35 43 55 66 75 90 94 109 91 114 153 147 205 7 11 24 27 33 43 49 57 66 75 100 102 143 242 12 17 22 28 29 33 45 41 48 44 57 52 67 60 5 7 9 11 13 13 16 18 18 22 26 29 30 36 2 2 4 9 7 12 12 23 20 40 20 31 49 76 5 9 17 25 38 50 60 86 105 130 141 226 287 586 1 4 4 7 3 6 5 5 8 4 15 7 10 24 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES Number of families Percentage of total money expenditures A l l fa m ilie s 96 356 623 705 579 679 652 447 440 253 222 178 178 261 28 62 88 148 151 159 163 139 137 83 68 71 61 48 3.3 3.2 3.5 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 39.6 40.2 36.8 34.3 33.2 33.3 30.3 29.5 28.4 26.4 25.8 23.8 23.2 20.1 21.9 17.1 16.7 15.7 13.9 13.8 13.9 13.2 12.6 13.7 11.9 12.3 12.5 11.0 8.5 9.6 8.9 8.1 7.7 7.1 6.7 6.2 6.4 6.0 5.6 5.5 5.0 4.3 4.1 4.3 4.6 5.6 6.2 6.6 7.8 7.8 8.4 9.5 10.5 11.0 10.4 11.1 96 315 470 380 271 271 216 118 113 28 41 47 52 43 44 40 33 34 562 668 873 1,116 1,262 1,453 1,633 1,947 1,963 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.8 223 270 322 392 445 528 554 629 614 123 111 146 167 147 167 207 206 211 48 64 79 88 100 106 109 123 124 23 29 39 57 69 77 102 131 132 1.1 1.4 5.2 4.9 6.3 6.5 9.3 9.1 9.0 10.5 11.3 10.9 11.5 10.1 1.6 .6 .8 1.3 1.1 1.0 .8 1.1 1.0 1.1 .9 .7 .9 .4 2.0 2.1 2.4 2.3 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.0 2.0 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.6 1.9 4.4 5.3 4.8 4.9 5.1 4.9 5.1 4.8 5.3 3.8 4.3 5.2 4.2 4.1 1.2 1.6 2.7 2.4 2.5 2.8 2.8 2.9 3.2 3.1 3.8 3.4 4.1 4.9 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.2 2.2 2.5 2.1 2.3 1.8 2.1 1.8 1.9 1.2 7 10 26 30 40 37 46 45 86 12 17 21 27 29 27 44 35 57 1.2 1.5 3.0 2.7 3.2 2.5 2.8 2.3 4.4 2.1 2.5 2.4 2.4 2.3 1.9 2.7 1.8 2.9 0.9 1.0 .8 .7 0.4 .3 .4 .8 .5 .8 .7 1.2 1.0 1.7 .8 1.0 1.4 1.5 0.9 1.3 1.9 2.2 2.9 3.3 3.4 4.4 5.1 5.5 5.3 7.6 8.2 11.9 0.2 .6 .4 .6 .2 .4 .3 .2 .4 .2 .6 .2 .3 .5 5 6 9 10 12 12 14 17 19 2 2 4 10 7 12 9 23 27 5 8 17 20 33 57 56 94 88 1 4 6 10 2 6 5 8 12 0.9 .9 .9 .9 .8 .8 .9 0.4 .3 .5 .9 .6 .8 .6 1.2 1.4 0.9 1.2 1.9 1.8 2.6 3.9 3.4 4.8 4.6 0.2 .6 .7 .9 .2 .4 .3 .4 .6 1.0 1.0 1.0 .9 .9 .9 .9 .9 1.0 1.0 96 28 $250-$499__________ 315 41 $500-$749__________ $750-$999___________ 470 47 52 $1,000-$1,249_______ 380 $1,250-$1,499_______ 271 43 $1,500-$1,749_______ 271 44 $1,750-$1,999_______ 216 40 $2,000-$2,249_______ 118 33 $2,250 $2,499_______ 34 113 See p. 218 for notes on this table. 11 24 21 60 65 48 69 77 97 51 59 72 101 122 151 140 197 188 6 11 45 49 77 98 119 199 148 9 4 7 14 16 15 15 24 19 11 14 20 25 28 30 33 37 41 25 35 39 56 70 82 111 102 100 Percentage of total money expenditures O ccu p a tio n a l g roup: W age earn er 9.1 8.7 8.1 9.1 9.4 9.9 9.4 10.6 10.4 10.9 11.3 10.7 10.9 12.0 Average money expenditure in dollars O ccu p a tio n a l g ro u p ; W a g e earner $250-$499___________ $500-$749___________ $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249_______ $2,250-$2,499_______ 2.0 3.4 2.8 4.3 5.6 4.5 4.0 4.0 3.6 3.0 3.0 3.1 3.1 4.3 TABULAR SUMMARY $250-$499__________ $500-$749__________ $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-11,999_______ $2,000-$2,249_______ $2,250-$2,499_______ $2,500-$2,999_______ $3,000-$3,499_______ $3,500-$3,999_______ $4,000-14,999_______ $5,000 and over_____ 3.3 3.2 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.7 3.6 3.7 3.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 1 39.6 40.6 36.9 35.1 35.3 36.5 34.0 32.3 31.3 21.9 16.6 16.7 15.0 11.6 11.5 12.7 10.6 10.7 8.5 9.6 9.0 7.9 7.9 7.3 6.7 6.3 6.3 4.1 4.3 4.5 5.1 5.5 5.3 6.2 6.7 6.7 2.0 3.6 2.4 5.4 5.1 3.3 4.2 4.0 4.9 9.1 8.8 8.2 9.1 9.7 10.4 8.6 10.1 9.6 1.1 1.6 5.2 4.4 6.1 6.7 7.3 10.3 7.5 1.6 .6 .8 1.2 1.3 1.0 .9 1.2 1.0 2.0 2.1 2.3 2.2 2.2 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.1 4.4 5.2 4.5 5.0 5.5 5.6 6.8 5.2 5.1 1.0 1.0 CO Cn S O U TH EA S T, T able 2 .— Summary type, and income, in 1 year, 1935-36— Continued Clerical $500-$749___________ $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249_______ $2,250-$2,499__........ Clerical $500-$749___................ $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499........... $1,500-$1,749............... $1,750-$1,999— ........ . $2,000-$2,249............. $2,250-$2,499 .............. (3) Aver age num ber of Total persons per family (4) (5) Household operation Food (6) Con FurFor tribu nishOther Auto trans Per Medi Recre To Read mal tions Other ings Cloth mo Hous Fuel, cal edu and and ing bile porta sonal care ation bacco ing cation per items ing light, tion care equip and Other ment sonal taxes refrig eration (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (8) (7) (9) (10) ( I D Average money expenditure in dollars 41 153 197 203 251 255 177 151 21 41 38 43 44 38 41 35 3.4 3. 7 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.6 689 948 1, 111 1,324 1, 555 1,842 1,925 2, 067 263 346 377 428 498 530 570 575 140 156 180 215 242 271 265 275 62 81 92 104 114 124 124 132 30 46 60 88 117 153 151 171 19 38 27 82 86 76 77 46 53 74 94 118 153 178 211 243 7 49 70 81 79 192 170 227 6 7 17 13 13 14 22 24 14 22 30 29 32 39 42 44 30 55 60 52 64 77 61 97 21 19 23 24 42 47 61 59 18 24 31 24 37 46 44 44 8 10 10 13 13 17 17 17 4 5 8 7 14 10 25 25 14 15 31 43 46 61 82 86 (*) 3.0 2.0 2.1 1.8 2.7 2.6 3.2 2.8 2.6 2.5 2.8 1.8 2.4 2.5 2.3 2.1 1.2 1.1 .9 1.0 .8 .9 .9 .8 0.6 .5 .7 .5 .9 .5 1.3 1.2 2.0 1.6 2.8 3.2 3.0 3.3 4.2 4.2 (*) 0.1 .1 .2 .3 .4 .2 .1 1 1 3 5 7 3 2 Percentage of total money expenditures 41 153 197 203 251 255 177 151 21 41 38 43 44 38 41 35 3.4 3. 7 3.2 3.3 3.3 3.4 3.6 3.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 38.2 36.5 33.9 32.4 32.1 28.8 29.6 27.8 20.3 16.5 16.2 16.3 15.6 14.7 13.8 13.3 9.0 8.5 8.3 7.9 7.3 6.7 6.4 6.4 4.4 4.9 5.4 6.6 7.5 8.3 7.8 8.3 2.7 4.0 2.4 6.2 5.5 4.1 4.0 2.2 7.7 7.8 8.5 8.9 9.8 9.7 11.0 11.8 1.0 5.2 6.3 6.1 5.1 10.4 8.8 11.0 0.9 .7 1.5 1.0 .8 .8 1.1 1.2 2.0 2.3 2.7 2.2 2.1 2.1 2.2 2.1 4.4 5.8 5.4 3.9 4.1 4.2 3.2 4.7 CO Os FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES Occupational group, family type, and Report income class Eligi ing ex ble pendi tures (2) M ID D L E -S IZ E D C IT IE S of family expenditure: Average money expenditure for specified groups of goods and services, by occupation, family Number of families (1) 2 Average money expenditure in dollars In d ep en d en t b u sin ess a n d p ro fessio n a l $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$!,499________ $1,600-$!,149_______ $!, i 60— $!,999_______ $2,000~$J, 249_______ $2,250-$2,499_______ ______ * _ _ $3,00u-$6,4yy_______ $3,600— $3,999. _____ $4,000— $4,999_______ $5,000 and over____ 70 57 56 66 49 55 73 51 56 50 126 27 35 27 38 29 23 36 26 26 23 26 3.2 3. 2 3. 4 6. b 3. 2 3.5 3. 7 3. 5 3. 6 3. 6 3.8 1,132 1,440 1,582 1, 716 1,950 1,932 2,397 2,577 2,865 3, 212 5,127 355 428 496 526 555 584 608 647 711 769 1,034 207 195 216 210 260 234 308 288 376 362 608 93 103 111 121 124 122 139 143 170 173 239 82 106 119 159 193 207 203 309 340 371 594 27 35 27 38 29 23 36 26 26 23 26 3.2 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.2 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.6 3.6 3.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 31.4 29.8 31.4 30.7 28.5 30.4 25.4 25.1 24.8 23.9 20.1 18.3 13.5 13.7 12.2 13.3 12.1 12.8 11.2 13.1 11.3 11.8 8.2 7.2 7.0 7.1 6.3 6.3 5.8 5.5 5.9 5.4 4.7 13 8 21 19 14 22 26 30 8 22 18 25 29 32 31 33 43 47 46 53 53 85 50 90 75 81 58 82 99 111 101 140 168 21 38 63 50 57 55 88 84 86 114 224 25 42 36 42 37 47 48 54 62 70 58 14 15 13 16 20 18 21 25 24 28 30 9 4 14 14 13 15 39 18 33 42 131 36 38 48 68 98 114 135 121 225 279 578 11 3 5 1 2 13 3 8 8 17 18 7.2 7.4 7.5 9.3 9.9 10.7 8.5 12.0 11.9 11.6 11.6 3.2 6.0 4.4 3.3 3.6 1.9 4.4 2.8 2.6 2.4 4.9 9.0 9.6 9.5 9.3 9.1 10.1 10.5 12.2 10.6 10.8 11.8 4.7 8.1 7.2 9.5 12.3 7.5 11.5 11.9 10.0 10.8 9.4 1.1 .6 1.3 1.1 .7 1.1 1.1 1.2 .3 .7 .4 2.2 2.0 2.0 1.8 1.7 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.6 4.4 6.2 4.7 4. 7 3.0 4. 2 4.1 4.3 3.5 4.4 3.3 1.9 2.6 4.0 2.9 2.9 2.8 3.7 3. 2 3.0 3.5 4.4 2.2 2.9 2.3 2.4 1.9 2.4 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.2 1.1 1.2 1.0 .8 .9 1.0 .9 .9 1.0 .8 .9 .6 0.8 .3 .9 .8 .7 .8 1.6 .7 1.2 1.3 2.6 3.2 2.6 3.0 4.0 5.0 5.9 5.6 4.7 7.9 8.7 41.3 1.0 .2 .3 (*) .1 .7 .1 .3 .3 .5 .4 23 29 48 60 62 62 70 105 110 155 259 26 36 35 44 43 45 43 58 47 66 63 10 14 14 15 19 18 23 26 32 30 41 4 9 6 24 23 10 40 21 30 52 25 27 41 41 63 78 142 128 147 226 290 595 1 5 8 6 7 9 4 17 7 8 30 Average money expenditure in dollars 58 48 101 115 103 121 180 171 122 128 136 31 30 44 47 36 45 47 42 45 38 22 3.1 3.2 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.5 3.3 3.2 3.7 1,130 1,320 1,614 1,881 2,092 2,152 2,383 2,663 3,014 3,612 4,791 380 403 487 522 563 560 641 691 702 827 960 184 219 247 283 321 298 336 325 359 464 488 93 86 108 124 121 138 145 150 161 177 189 •Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. 53 117 113 162 239 144 276 307 288 347 485 75 83 113 154 170 194 235 268 318 363 512 42 69 72 74 88 99 58 82 101 120 175 137 136 151 194 231 203 264 292 326 393 579 51 76 151 183 139 174 239 296 336 423 512 10 16 18 13 23 19 25 22 26 38 26 26 28 32 40 46 35 45 48 56 57 99 41 70 83 82 158 146 87 115 177 149 238 TABULAR SUMMARY 70 57 56 66 49 55 73 51 56 50 125 S a la ried b u sin ess a n d p ro fessio n a l $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249_______ $2,250-$2,499_______ $2,500-$2,999_______ $3,000-$3,499_______ $3,500-$3,999_______ $4,000-$4,999_______ $5,000 and over_____ 102 138 150 160 177 195 252 314 305 347 603 Percentage of total money expenditures In d e p e n d e n t b u sin ess a n d p ro fessio n a l $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749___........ . $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249_______ $2,250-$2,499_______ $2,600-$2,999_______ $3,000-$3,499_______ $3,600-$3,999_______ $4,000-$4,999_______ $5,000 and over_____ 36 86 70 56 70 37 105 72 75 78 254 SOUTHEAST, 2 M IDDLE-SIZED CITIES T able 2. — Sum m ary of fam ily expenditure: Average money expenditure for specified groups of goods and services, by occupation , fa m ily type , and income, in 1 year, 1 93 5-86 — Continued Occupational group, family type, and Report income class Eligi ing ex ble pendi tures (1) Salaried business and professional $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749_............. $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249_______ $2,250-$2,499_______ $2,500-$2,999_______ $3,000-$3,499_______ $3,500-$3,999_______ $4,000-$4,999_______ $5,000 and over_____ Family type: Type I $250-$499___________ $500-$749 __________ $750-$999 $1,000~$1,249 $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749............... $1,750-$1,999 _____ $2,000-$2,249 ____ $2,250-$2,499_______ $2 500-$2,999 $3,000-$3,499 ____ $3,500-$3,999 - $4,000-$4,999 _____ $5,000 and over_____ (2) (3) Aver age num ber of Total persons per family (4) (5) Household operation Food (6) Con Fur For tribu nish Other Per mal Hous Fuel, ings Cloth Auto trans sonal Medi Recre To Read edu tions Other cal and ing light, and ing mo porta care care ation bacco ing cation per items bile tion and Other equip sonal ment refrig taxes eration (7) (8) (9) (10) (ID (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) Percentage of total money expenditures 58 48 101 115 103 121 180 171 122 128 136 31 30 44 47 36 45 47 42 45 38 22 3.1 3.2 3.4 3. 5 3.6 3.5 3.7 3. 5 3.3 3.2 3.7 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 33.7 30.5 30.2 27.8 26.9 26.0 26.9 26.0 23.3 23.0 20.0 16.3 16.6 15.3 15.0 15.4 13.9 14.1 12.2 11.9 12.9 10.2 8.2 6.5 6.7 6.6 5.8 6.4 6.1 5.6 5.3 4.9 3.9 6.6 6.3 7.0 8.2 8.1 9.0 9.9 10.1 10.6 10.0 10.7 3.7 5.2 4.5 3.9 4.2 4.6 2.4 3.1 3.4 3.3 3.7 12.1 10.3 9.3 10.3 11.0 9.4 11.1 11.0 10.8 10.9 12.1 4.5 5.8 9.3 9.8 6.6 8.1 10.0 11.1 11.1 11.7 10.7 0.9 1.2 1.1 .7 1.1 .9 1.0 .8 .9 1.1 .5 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.1 2.2 1.6 1.9 1.8 1.8 1.6 2.1 3.6 5.3 5.1 4.4 7.6 6.8 3.6 4.3 5.9 4.1 5.0 2.0 2.2 3.0 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.9 3.9 3.6 4.3 5.4 2.3 2.7 2.2 2. 6 2.1 2.1 1.8 2.2 1.6 1.8 1.3 0.9 1.1 .9 .8 .9 .8 1.0 1.0 1.1 .8 .9 1 11 17 25 25 57 42 56 58 57 111 91 168 110 11 21 12 24 30 32 52 45 46 40 64 58 84 54 3 7 11 10 14 11 17 18 20 18 22 27 33 31 0.4 .7 .4 1.3 1.1 .5 1.7 .8 1.0 1.4 .5 2.4 3.1 2.5 3.3 3.7 6.6 5.4 5.5 7. 5 8.0 12.4 0.1 .4 .5 .3 .3 .4 .2 .6 .2 .2 .6 Average money expenditure in dollars 31 100 125 205 153 173 165 106 96 49 49 41 39 49 6 14 15 29 35 28 33 30 32 13 20 14 13 8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2. 0 2.0 2.0 2. 0 2.0 512 665 835 1,052 1,207 1,565 1,704 1,847 2,042 2,313 2,528 2,486 3,260 4,055 217 249 293 339 369 421 457 466 508 469 550 493 628 735 98 112 137 184 187 237 263 276 276 413 305 283 474 425 53 59 73 86 100 96 117 117 124 137 145 136 157 259 16 31 40 63 72 105 159 160 196 239 328 297 341 571 7 46 42 21 94 113 62 85 76 104 86 100 88 177 35 70 61 89 92 154 142 205 182 223 245 246 296 394 17 10 48 76 91 132 177 191 200 236 283 316 413 533 14 4 14 12 12 6 4 25 14 15 26 4 10 15 9 12 16 27 26 31 33 41 35 40 42 55 52 55 27 19 37 59 43 108 101 66 133 143 125 103 108 60 (*) 1 4 9 30 27 49 52 78 95 155 177 190 275 406 634 (*) 5 4 10 3 10 (*) 1 18 2 6 2 2 2 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES Number of families CO 00 125018 Types II and III $250-$499___ $500-$749___________ $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499________ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249________ $2,250-$2,499________ $2,500-$2,999________ $3,000-$3,499_______ $3,500-$3,999_______ $4,000-$4,999________ $5,000 and over_____ Percentage of total money expenditures 31 100 125 205 153 173 165 106 96 49 49 41 39 49 6 14 15 29 35 28 33 30 32 13 20 14 13 8 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 100.0 100.0 100.. 00 100 100.0 100 100.0 .0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 .0 100.0 . o’ 100 100 42.4 37.4 35.1 32.2 30.6 26.9 26.9 25.3 24.9 20.3 21.8 19.8 19.3 18.1 19.1 16.8 16.4 17.5 15.5 15.2 15.4 14.9 13.5 17.9 12.1 11.4 14.5 10.5 10.3 8.9 8.8 8.2 8.3 6.1 6.9 6.3 6.1 5.9 5.7 5.5 4.8 6.4 3.1 4.7 4.8 6.0 6.0 6.7 9.3 8.7 9.6 10.3 13.0 11. 9 10. 5 14.1 1.4 6.9 5.1 2.0 7.7 7.2 3.6 4.6 3.7 4.5 3.4 4.0 2.7 4.4 6. 8 10.5 7.3 8. 5 7.6 9.9 8.3 8.9 9.6 9.7 9. 9 9.1 9.7 11.1 3. 3 1.6 5.7 7.2 7.5 8.5 10.4 10.3 9.8 10.2 11.2 12. 7 12.7 13.1 2.7 .6 1.7 1.1 1.0 .4 .2 1.4 .7 .6 1.0 .2 .3 .4 1.8 1.8 1.9 2. 6 2.2 2.0 1.9 2.2 1.7 1.7 1.7 2.2 1.6 1.4 5. 3 2.8 4.4 5.6 3.6 6.9 5.9 3.6 6.5 6.2 4.9 4.1 3.3 1.5 0. 2 1.6 2.0 2.4 2.1 3.6 2. 5 3.0 2.8 2.5 4.4 3. 7 5.1 2.7 2.1 3.2 1.4 2.3 2.5 2.0 3.1 2.4 2.3 1.7 2.5 2.3 2. 6 1.3 0.6 1.0 1.3 .9 1.2 C*) .7 1.0 1.0 1.0 .8 .9 1.1 1.0 .8 — 9 10 29 34 40 41 55 56 76 84 101 108 149 353 17 17 26 32 30 34 41 38 43 53 51 63 66 71 7 6 10 11 14 14 16 18 18 25 29 27 28 46 0. 8 1.4 3. 6 2. 6 4.0 3.3 4. 6 5.1 7.6 7.7 7. 5 11.1 12.4 15.6 0.1 .8 .5 .9 .2 .6 .1 (•) .1 .9 .2 .1 .1 (*) Average money expenditure in dollars 34 143 316 284 228 259 226 146 144 95 78 57 42 64 12 23 38 59 59 62 62 46 52 31 22 20 21 21 3. 5 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.5 2.9 3.4 617 629 908 1,143 1,379 1, 513 1,840 2,024 2,022 2, 351 2, 780 3, 216 3.292 5,146 234 261 326 387 447 513 523 557 558 631 669 736 798 983 131 106 146 170 191 196 243 279 264 343 395 406 505 505 55 61 79 90 100 112 124 127 130 149 154 170 167 188 28 24 45 64 98 111 171 182 194 256 264 367 349 533 14 15 24 59 79 68 90 103 88 71 43 102 128 140 66 49 72 102 125 143 173 202 208 226 304 308 324 538 3 51 49 80 104 201 182 162 258 384 391 294 565 5 2 6 16 16 15 10 21 18 21 16 23 30 13 15 14 21 28 30 30 39 40 37 43 53 50 51 84 31 48 52 61 84 57 73 120 103 66 133 234 143 262 2 3 4 14 9 10 10 9 8 9 17 12 27 43 3 9 13 24 34 59 62 85 111 113 137 215 221 773 (*) 1 4 2 2 6 9 5 4 3 30 4 12 49 TABULAR SUMMARY Type I $250-$499__________ $500-$749___________ $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249_______ $2,250-$2,499_______ $2,500-$2,999_______ $3,000-$3,499_______ $3,500-$3,999_____ $4,000-$4,999_______ $5,000 and over_____ •Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. CO CO T a b l e 2 ,— Sum m ary of fam ily expenditure: Average money expenditure for specified groups of goods and services , by occupation, fam ily type, and income, in 1 year , 1 9 8 5 - 8 6 — Continued Occupational group, family type, and Report income class Eligi ing ex ble pendi tures 0) Types II and III $250-$499__________ $500-$749___________ $750-$999__________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499._______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-12,249_______ $2,250-$2,499_______ $2,500-$2,999___........ . $3,000-$3,499_______ $3,500-$3,999_______ $4,000-$4,999_______ $5,000 and over_____ Types IV and V $250-$499............... $500-$749___________ $750-$999__________ $1,000-$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ (2) (3) Aver age num ber of Total persons per family (4) (5) Household operation Food (6) FurnishHous Fuel, ings Cloth Auto ing light, and ing mo bile and Other equip ment refrig eration (8) (7) (9) (10) (11) (12) Con For tribu Other Per Medi mal tions Other trans cal Recre To Read edu and porta sonal care ation bacco ing cation per items tion care sonal taxes (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) 1.5 1.6 3.2 3.0 2.9 2.7 3.0 2.8 3.8 3.6 3.6 3.3 4.5 6.8 2.8 2.7 2.9 2.8 2.2 2.2 2.2 1.9 2.1 2.3 1.8 2.0 2.0 1.4 1.1 .9 1.1 1.0 1.0 .9 .9 .9 .9 1.1 1.0 .8 .9 .9 0.3 .5 .4 1.2 .6 .7 .5 .4 .4 .4 .6 .4 .8 .8 0.5 1.4 1.4 2.1 2.5 3.9 3.4 4.2 5.5 4.8 4.9 6.7 6.7 15.0 (•) 0.2 .4 .2 .1 .4 .5 .2 .2 .1 1.1 .1 .4 1.0 11 13 21 19 31 8 13 21 27 28 4 7 7 11 11 2 3 7 11 9 6 8 13 24 33 3 7 5 10 2 Percentage of total money expenditures 34 143 316 284 228 259 226 146 144 95 78 57 42 64 12 23 38 59 59 62 62 46 52 31 22 20 21 21 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.4 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.5 3.6 3.4 3.5 2.9 3.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 38.0 41.5 35.9 33.8 32.4 33.9 28.4 27.6 27.6 26.8 24.1 22.9 24.3 19.1 21.2 16.9 16.1 14.9 13.9 13.0 13.2 13.8 13.0 14.6 14.2 12.6 15.3 9.8 8.9 9.7 8.7 7.9 7.3 7.4 6.7 6.3 6.4 6.3 5.6 5.3 5.1 3.7 4.5 3.8 5.0 5.6 7.1 7.3 9.3 9.0 9.6 10.9 9.5 11.4 10.6 10.4 2.3 2.4 2.6 5.2 5.7 4.5 4.9 5.1 4.4 3.0 1.5 3.2 3.9 2.7 10.7 7.8 8.0 8.9 9.1 9.5 9.4 10.0 10.3 9.6 11.0 9.6 9.8 10.5 0.5 5.6 4.3 5.7 6.8 11.0 8.9 8.0 11.0 13.8 12.1 9.0 10.9 0.8 .3 .7 1.4 1.2 1.0 .5 1.0 .9 .9 .6 .7 .9 .3 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.1 2.0 1.8 1.8 1.9 1.6 1.5 1.6 5.0 7.6 5.7 5.36.1 3.8 4.0 5.9 5.1 2.8 4.8 7.3 4.3 5.1 Average money expenditure in dollars 31 113 182 216 198 10 25 35 60 57 4.4 4.0 4.5 4.2 4.3 550 726 900 1,146 1, 300 219 300 356 419 469 141 124 161 175 166 35 71 83 93 102 26 35 34 58 67 12 14 16 57 51 47 59 80 115 144 3 18 36 43 80 8 7 5 14 15 9 15 23 24 30 16 32 32 46 62 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES Number of families 200 SOUTHEAST, 2 M IDDLE-SIZED CITIES $1,500-$1,749_.............. $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249________ $2,250-$2,499_______ $2,500-$2,999_______ $3,000-$3,499________ $3,500-$3,999________ $4,000-$4,999_______ $5,000 and over_____ 69 68 63 53 39 26 37 27 19 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.5 4.7 4.4 4.1 4.0 4.5 1, 510 1,743 2,001 2,067 2,450 2,590 3,037 3, 686 5,165 566 598 665 635 704 758 791 891 1,087 207 237 242 248 276 258 376 390 601 116 115 122 133 142 144 174 187 208 87 94 132 145 193 263 310 382 552 6.4 4.4 100.0 39.9 25.6 4.7 31 10 17.0 9.8 4.8 4.0 100.0 41.3 113 25 9.2 3.8 182 4.5 100.0 39.6 17.9 35 5.1 4.2 100.0 36.6 15.3 8.1 60 216 5.2 12.8 7.8 4.3 100.0 36.1 198 57 7.7 5.8 4.5 100.0 37.5 13.7 69 247 5.4 4.4 100.0 34.3 13.6 6.6 68 261 6.1 6.6 4.5 100.0 33.3 12.1 63 195 6.4 7.0 4.5 100.0 30.8 12.0 53 200 5.8 7.9 109 39 4.7 100.0 28.7 11.3 4.4 100.0 29.3 10.0 5.5 10.2 95 26 5.7 10.2 4.1 100.0 26.0 12.4 80 37 5.1 10.4 4.0 100.0 24.2 10.6 97 27 11.6 4.0 10.7 19 4.5 100.0 21.1 148 ♦ Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. 36 61 58 60 58 106 84 108 257 158 176 215 229 308 319 364 438 679 76 123 167 188 248 236 275 444 460 21 25 20 27 33 30 26 44 29 32 37 41 46 50 46 58 59 109 71 97 88 103 89 94 121 164 227 34 47 58 63 76 94 104 131 238 31 43 40 53 38 57 42 60 58 12 15 17 16 22 25 32 29 34 22 22 46 38 84 34 60 78 115 38 47 82 77 124 119 208 268 490 3 6 8 6 5 7 12 13 21 2.0 1.8 2.3 1.6 2.4 2.3 2.7 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.6 3.4 3.5 4.6 1.5 1.8 2.3 2.3 2.1 2.0 2.5 2.0 2.6 1.6 2.2 1.4 1.6 1.1 0.7 1.0 .8 1.0 .8 .8 .9 .8 .8 .9 1.0 1.1 .8 .7 0.4 .4 .8 1.0 .7 1.4 1.3 2.3 1.8 3.4 1.3 2.0 2.1 2.2 1.1 1.1 1.4 2.1 2.5 2.5 2.7 4.1 3.7 5.1 4.6 6.8 7.3 9.5 0.5 1.0 .5 .9 .2 .2 .3 .4 .3 .2 .3 .4 .4 .4 Percentage of total money expenditures 2.2 1.9 1.8 5.0 3.9 2.4 3.5 2.9 2.9 2.4 4.1 2.8 2.9 5.0 8.5 8.1 8.9 10.0 11.1 10.5 10.1 10.8 11.1 12.6 12.3 12.0 11.9 13.1 0.5 2.5 4.0 3.7 6.2 5.0 7.1 8.3 9.1 10.1 9.1 9.1 12.0 8.9 1.5 1.0 .5 1.2 1.1 1.4 1.4 1.0 1.3 1.3 1.1 .8 1.2 .6 1.6 2.1 2.6 2.1 2.3 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.2 2.0 1.8 1.9 1.6 2.1 2.9 4.4 3.6 4.0 4.8 4.7 5.5 4.4 5.0 3.6 3.6 4.0 4.4 4.4 TABULAR SUMMARY Types IV and V $250-$499___________ $500-$749___________ $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249________ $1,250-$1,499_______ $1,500-$1,749_______ $1,750-$1,999_______ $2,000-$2,249_______ $2,250-$2,499_______ $2,500-$2,999_______ $3,000-$3,499_______ $3,500-$3,999_______ $4,000-$4,999_______ $5,000 and over_____ 247 261 195 200 109 95 80 97 148 to o 202 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES SO U TH E A ST , 2 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES 3.— Food: A verage value of all fa m ily fo o d , m oney expen ditu re fo r food at home and a w a y from hom e, average value of food hom e-produced or received as gift or p ay, and m oney expense per m eal per food expenditure u n it, by occupation, fa m ily type, and incom e, in 1 year, 1 9 3 5 -8 6 1 T able [White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Average expenditure Percentage of Average Average for food purchased expenditure value of money for food food expendi Average home- ture per Occupational value pro group, family meal of all duced per food type, and income Report family or re class ing ex At Away At Away ceived expendi food All home from home from Eligible pendi hom e2 home as gift uture tures n it3 or pay (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (3) (10) (4) (2) (11) (1) Number of families A ll families $250-$499_________ $500-$749_________ $750-$999_________ $1,000-$1,249______ $1,250-$1,499______ $1,500-$1,749______ $1,750-$1,999______ $2,000-$2,249______ $2,250-$2,499______ $2,500-$2,999______ $3,000-$3,499______ $3,500-$3,999______ $4,000-$4,999______ $5,000 and over___ Occupational group: Wage earner $250-$499_________ $500-$749_________ $750-$999_________ $1,000-$1,249______ $1,250-$1,499______ $1,500-$1,749______ $1,750-$1;999______ $2,000-$2,249______ $2,250-$2,499______ Clerical $500-$749_________ $750-$999_________ $1,000-$1,249______ $1,250-$1,499______ $1,500-$1,749______ $1,750-$1,999______ $2,000-$2,249______ $2,250-$2,499______ Independent busi ness and profes sional $1,000-$1,249______ $1,250-$1,499______ $1,500-$1,749______ $1,750-$1,999______ $2,000-$2,249______ 96 356 623 705 579 679 652 447 440 253 222 178 178 261 28 62 88 148 151 159 163 139 137 83 68 71 61 48 $247 297 351 398 457 530 549 595 593 645 691 719 846 1,021 $223 269 328 383 434 508 536 582 582 631 681 705 811 996 $219 267 314 361 404 463 494 518 527 556 623 642 711 898 $4 2 14 22 30 45 42 64 55 75 58 63 100 98 98.2 99.3 95.7 94.2 93.1 91.1 92.2 89.0 90.6 88.1 91.5 91.1 87.7 90.2 1.8 .7 4.3 5.8 6.9 8.9 7.8 11.0 9.4 11.9 8.5 8.9 12.3 9.8 $24 28 23 15 23 22 13 13 11 14 10 14 35 25 $0.070 .086 .096 .120 .126 .145 .147 .153 .151 .151 .164 .166 .174 .195 96 315 470 380 271 271 216 118 113 28 41 47 52 43 44 40 33 34 247 299 347 414 478 556 566 642 624 223 270 322 392 445 528 554 629 614 219 268 309 364 411 491 518 572 544 4 2 13 28 34 37 36 57 70 98.2 99.3 96.0 92.9 92.4 93.0 93.5 90.9 88.6 1.8 .7 4.0 7.1 7.6 7.0 6.5 9.1 11.4 24 29 25 22 33 28 12 13 10 .070 .087 .096 .120 .125 .145 .153 .162 .161 41 153 197 203 251 255 177 151 21 41 38 43 44 38 41 35 279 360 382 439 511 541 577 578 263 346 377 428 498 530 570 575 258 327 363 402 451 485 498 519 5 19 14 26 47 45 72 56 98.1 94.5 96.3 93.9 90.6 91.5 87.4 90.3 1.9 5.5 3.7 6.1 9.4 8.5 12.6 9.7 16 14 5 11 13 11 7 3 .081 .097 .121 .124 .148 .146 .149 .139 70 57 56 66 49 27 35 27 38 29 363 441 501 534 568 355 428 496 526 555 339 398 443 471 491 16 30 53 55 64 95.5 93.0 89.3 89.5 88.5 4.5 7.0 10.7 10.5 11.5 8 13 5 8 13 .111 .132 .143 .146 .159 589 584 619 608 660 647 741 711 775 769 1,064 1,034 527 540 600 677 680 940 57 68 47 34 89 94 91.4 88.8 92.7 95.2 88.4 90.9 8.6 11.2 7.3 4.8 11.6 9.1 5 11 13 30 6 30 .152 .144 .158 .157 .181 .193 $2,250-$2,499______ 55 23 $2,500-$2,999______ 73 36 $3,000-$3,499______ 51 26 $3,500-$3,999______ 56 26 $4,000-$4,999______ 50 23 $5,000 and over___ 125 26 See p. 218 for not;es on this table. TABULAR SUMMARY —Food: 203 SO U TH EA ST, 2 M ID DLE-SIZED CITIES A verage value of all fa m ily fo o d , m oney expenditure for food at home and aw ay from home, average value of food hom e-produced or received as gift or pay, and m oney expense per m eal per food expenditure u n it, by occupation, fa m ily ty p e , and incom e , in 1 year, 1 93 5 -3 6 —Continued T able 3. Average expenditure Percentage of Average Average for food purchased expenditure value of money for food food expendi Average Occupational home- ture per value group, family meal pro of all type, and income duced per food Report family class or re ing ex food At Away At Away ceived expendi Eligible pendi All home from home from ture home home as gift unit tures or pay (5) (4) (3) (6) (7) (2) (8) (9) (10) (1) (ID Number of families Salaried business and professional 58 $1,000-$1,249______ 31 $390 $380 $362 $18 95.3 48 430 403 373 $1,250-$1,499______ 30 30 92.5 44 523 487 431 56 88.5 $1,500-$1,749______ 101 544 522 486 115 47 36 93.1 $1,750-$1,999______ 588 563 503 103 36 $2,000-$2,249______ 60 89.3 584 560 523 121 45 $2,250-$2,499______ 37 93.4 656 641 563 180 47 78 87.8 $2,500-$2,999______ 171 42 $3,000-$3,499______ 700 691 630 61 91.2 122 45 708 702 625 77 89.0 $3,500-$3,999______ 128 38 873 827 723 104 87.4 $4,000-$4,999______ 979 960 859 101 89.5 136 22 $5,000 and over___ Family type: Type I $2S50-$499_________ 224 217 217 (*) 100.0 31 6 14 267 249 247 2 99.2 100 $500-$749_________ 125 15 21 92.8 318 293 272 $750-$999_________ 205 29 $1,000-$1,249______ 350 339 321 18 94.7 153 35 380 369 342 27 92.7 $1,250-$1,499______ 173 452 421 372 49 88.4 28 $1,500-$l,749______ 165 33 $1,750-$1,999______ 458 457 419 38 91.7 106 483 466 381 $2,000-$2,249______ 30 85 81.8 32 522 508 458 96 $2,250-$2,499______ 50 89.7 49 13 $2,500-$2,999______ 476 469 398 71 84.9 49 20 555 550 507 43 92.2 $3,000-$3,499______ 41 14 493 493 446 $3,500-$3,999______ 47 90.5 39 13 632 628 564 64 89.8 $4,000-$4,999______ 49 771 735 701 34 95.4 $5,000 and over___ 8 Types II and III 34 12 251 234 227 7 97.0 $250-$499_________ 299 261 260 143 23 1 99.6 $500-$749_________ 3,16 38 348 326 312 14 95.7 $750-$999_________ 284 59 $1,000-$1,249______ 390 387 364 23 94.1 474 447 415 32 92.8 228 59 $1,250-$1,499______ 62 259 $1,500-$1,749______ 530 513 467 46 91.0 532 523 493 226 62 $1,750-$1,999______ 30 94.3 146 564 557 512 $2,000-$2,249______ 46 45 91.9 52 144 576 558 514 $2,250-$2,499______ 44 92.1 95 $2,500-$2,999______ 31 645 631 557 74 88.3 22 $3,000-$3,499______ 78 676 669 623 46 93.1 57 $3,500-$3,999______ 20 751 736 682 54 92.7 42 21 87 89.1 $4,000-$4,999______ 823 798 711 64 $5,000 and over___ 21 1,008 983 873 110 88.8 Types IV and V 31 $250-$499_________ 10 268 219 213 6 97.3 113 25 326 300 295 $500-$749_________ 5 98.3 182 $750-$999_________ 35 377 356 346 10 97.2 216 24 94.3 60 439 419 395 $1,000-$1,249______ 198 57 496 469 439 $1,250-$1,499______ 30 93.6 247 69 587 566 524 $1,500-SI,749______ 42 92.6 622 598 544 54 91.0 261 68 $1,750-$1,999______ $2,000-$2,249______ 195 63 i 681 665 597 68 89.8 200 639 635 570 $2,250-$2,499______ 53 ! 65 89.8 109 39 $2,500-$2,999______ 720 704 626 78 88.9 95 26 773 758 683 75 90.1 $3,000-$3,499______ 80 37 l 811 791 713 78 90.1 $3,500-$3,999______ 942 891 771 120 86.5 $4,000-$4,999______ 97 27 $5,000 and over___ 114 89.5 148 19 1,107 1,087 973 *Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. 4.7 7.5 11.5 6.9 10.7 6.6 12.2 8.8 11.0 12.6 10.5 $10 27 36 22 25 24 15 9 6 46 19 $0.125 .126 .136 .138 .147 .155 .154 .166 .171 .171 .197 .1 .8 7.2 5.3 7.3 11.6 8.3 18.2 10.3 15.1 7.8 9. 5 10.2 4.6 7 18 25 11 11 31 1 17 14 7 5 4 36 .096 .116 .137 .152 .157 .181 . 189 . 195 .208 .188 . 189 .174 .210 .233 3.0 .4 4.3 5.9 7.2 9.0 5.7 8.1 7.9 11.7 6.9 7.3 10.9 11.2 17 38 22 13 27 17 9 7 18 14 7 15 25 25 .066 .076 .092 .114 .122 . 141 .136 . 148 .146 . 152 . 165 .173 .179 .216 2.7 1.7 2.8 5.7 6.4 7.4 9.0 10.2 10.2 11.1 9.9 9.9 13.5 10.5 49 26 21 20 27 21 24 16 4 16 15 20 51 20 .049 .073 .076 .097 .106 .123 .129 .134 .127 .134 .150 . 158 .157 .174 204 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES SO U TH E A ST , 2 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES T able 4,—Housing: A verage value of housing secured w ith and w ithout m oney expenditure, by occupation, fa m ily type, and incom e, in 1 year, 1935— 36 [White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Number of families Occupational group, family type, and in come class (1) Re Eli port gible ing ex pendi tures (2) (3) Aver age value of all housing plus fuel, light, and re friger ation (4) Aver age ex pense for fuel, light, and refrig era tion (6) Average value of housing secured 1 Aver age Without value With money ex money expenditure penditure of all hous ing All Fam Other Owned Rent hous ily hous Total hom e4 as pay ing home2 ing 3 or gift (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) A ll families $250-$499______ 96 28 $195 $48 $131 $123 $123 $8 62 $500-$749______ 356 64 133 114 114 201 19 $750-$999______ 623 88 25 257 79 174 149 149 705 148 $1,000-$1,249___ 296 90 205 175 174 $1 30 579 151 $1,250-$1,499___ 334 100 232 181 178 3 52 679 159 394 109 283 210 210 (*) $1,500-$1,749___ 73 $1,750-$1,999___ 652 163 434 119 314 245 245 (*) 69 2 87 $2,000-$2,249___ 447 139 472 123 348 261 259 440 137 2 109 $2,250-$2,499___ 498 130 368 259 257 83 11 139 $2,500-$2,999___ 253 612 144 467 328 317 222 $3,000-$3,499___ 68 4 165 630 148 481 316 312 $3,500-$3,999___ 178 71 9 167 695 164 531 364 355 $4,000-$4,999___ 178 61 802 176 625 436 413 23 189 $5,000 and over. 261 48 1,123 213 908 545 503 42 363 Occupational group: Wage earner $250-$499______ 96 28 8 195 48 131 123 123 315 41 $500-$749 _____ 64 131 111 111 200 20 $750-$999 470 47 254 79 171 146 146 25 $1,000-$1,249.__ 52 2 28 380 284 88 195 167 165 $1,250-$1,499_.__ 271 43 6 56 306 100 204 147 141 271 44 $1,500-SI,749„._. 354 106 245 167 167 (*) 78 $1,750-$1,999___ 216 40 391 109 280 207 207 73 $2,000-$2,249_ __ 118 33 2 109 439 123 315 206 204 $2,250-$2,499___ 113 34 124 359 211 211 (*) 148 483 Clerical 11 $500-$749 41 21 216 62 151 140 140 153 41 $750-$999______ 269 81 182 156 156 26 197 $1,000-$1,249___ 38 304 92 211 180 180 31 $1,250-$1,499___ 203 43 362 104 257 215 215 (*) 42 $1,500-$1,749___ 251 44 434 114 319 242 241 1 77 $1,750-$1,999___ 255 38 63 458 124 334 271 271 (*) $2,000-$2,249___ 177 41 3 86 475 124 351 265 262 $2,250-$2,499___ 151 35 2 87 495 132 362 275 273 Independent business and professional $1,000-$1,249___ 70 2 31 27 336 93 238 207 205 $1,250-$1,499___ 57 35 383 103 278 195 195 (*) 83 111 312 216 214 $1,500-$1,749___ 56 27 424 2 96 $1,750-$1,999___ 66 38 443 121 321 210 210 (*) 111 $2,000-$2,249___ 49 29 2 118 503 124 378 260 258 $2,250-$2,499___ 55 23 2 161 518 122 395 234 232 $2,500-$2,999_.__ 73 36 600 139 457 308 302 6 149 $3,000-$3,499_.__ 51 26 601 143 457 288 287 1 169 $3,500-$3,999___ 56 26 746 170 576 376 365 11 200 $4,000-$4,999___ 50 23 795 173 620 362 335 27 258 $5,000 and over. 125 26 1,252 239 1, 010 608 544 64 402 See p. 218 for notes on this table. ♦ Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. $8 10 17 29 46 73 68 84 99 127 135 152 163 363 8 10 17 28 45 78 73 109 127 11 17 31 42 77 63 86 83 31 83 96 105 118 161 149 169 200 258 402 $9 8 1 6 1 3 10 12 30 15 26 10 8 11 21 9 4 6 Per centage of hous ing value secured without money expend iture s (13) 6.1 14. 3 14. 4 14 6 22.0 25.8 22.0 25.0 29.6 29.8 34.3 31.4 30.2 40.0 6.1 15* 2 14. 6 14! 4 27.9 31.8 26.1 34.6 41.2 7. 3 14. 4 14. 7 16.3 24.1 18.9 24.5 24.0 13.0 29.9 30.8 34.6 31.2 40.8 32.6 37.0 34.7 41.6 39.8 205 TABULAR SUMMARY SO U TH EA ST, 2 M ID D LE-SIZED CITIES 4.— H ou sing: A verage value of housing secured w ith and w ithout m oney expenditure, by occupation, fa m ily type, and incom e, in 1 year, 1935—86 —Cont. T able Number of families Occupational group, family type, and in come class (1) Re port Eli ing ex gible pendi tures (2) (3) Aver age value of all housing plus fuel, light, and re friger ation (4) Aver age ex pense for fuel, light, and refrig era tion (5) Average value of housing secured Aver age W ithout value With money ex money expenditure penditure of all hous ing All Fam Other Rent hous ily hous Total Owned as pay home or gift ing home ing (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) Salaried bustness and professional 58 31 $314 $93 $220 $184 $183 $1 $36 $1,000-$1,249___ 48 4 29 $1,250-$1,499___ 30 337 86 248 219 215 101 44 394 108 283 247 247 (*) 36 $1,500-$1,749___ 115 2 52 124 335 283 281 $1,750-$1,999___ 47 460 103 36 492 121 371 321 317 4 50 $2,000-$2,249___ 121 512 138 374 298 294 4 76 $2,250-$2,499___ 45 180 $2,500-$2,999___ 47 616 145 471 336 324 12 135 171 42 639 150 488 325 320 $3,000-$3,499---5 163 122 $3,500-$3,999___ 45 673 161 512 359 351 8 153 128 $4,00G-$4,999---803 38 177 625 464 444 20 161 136 22 1,006 $5,000 and over. 816 488 465 23 328 189 Family type: Type I 31 6 $250-$499 ____ 172 53 98 98 98 100 $500-$749______ 14 204 59 139 112 112 27 15 73 162 137 137 25 $750-$999 . _ 125 238 205 $1,000-$1,249___ 310 40 29 86 224 184 184 153 $1,250-$1,499___ 35 341 100 238 187 187 (*) 51 173 $1,500-$1,749___ 28 96 286 237 236 386 1 49 165 33 117 340 263 263 (*) 77 $1,750-$1,999---458 106 30 482 117 365 276 273 $2,000-$2,249___ 3 89 96 32 $2,250-$2,499---519 124 395 276 274 2 119 49 13 $2,500-$2,999___ 657 137 520 413 407 6 107 49 $3,000-$3,499___ 20 655 145 509 305 297 8 204 41 $3,500-$3,999___ 14 136 547 283 281 2 264 683 39 2 196 13 $4,000-$4,999---829 157 670 474 472 49 8 1, 411 259 1,152 425 386 39 727 $5,000 and over. Types II and III 34 12 $250-$499 ___ 192 55 131 131 131 143 23 174 61 112 106 106 6 $500-$749______ 316 $750-$999______ 79 175 146 146 29 38 257 284 59 90 181 170 170 11 $l,000-$l,249-_. 273 228 59 100 225 191 184 $l,250-$l,499-_. 326 7 34 259 $1,500-$1,749___. 62 387 112 274 196 195 1 78 226 61 $1,750-$1,999..._ 62 124 304 243 243 (*) 430 146 $2,000-$2,249_... 46 127 349 279 277 2 70 477 52 1 106 $2,250-$2,499— _ 144 500 130 370 264 263 95 149 444 343 342 $2,500-$2,999___ 31 1 101 594 78 154 476 395 394 22 631 $3,000-$3,499___ 1 81 57 170 543 406 398 20 713 8 137 $3,500-$3,999___ 42 21 $4,000-$4,999___ 786 167 619 505 483 22 114 64 21 188 , 769 505 490 15 264 $5,000 and over. 958 Types I V and V 31 24 $250-$499 __ _ 35 165 141 141 10 223 $500-$749______ 113 26 71 150 124 124 25 227 182 $750-$999______ 83 181 161 161 20 35 271 216 93 220 175 172 $1,000~$1,249___ 60 3 45 315 198 1 73 $1,250-$1,499___ 57 342 102 239 166 165 347 84 $1,500-$1,749___ 69 409 116 291 207 207 (*) 261 115 309 237 236 1 72 $1,750-$1,999.._. 68 425 $2,000-$2,249-._ 195 63 4 98 463 122 340 242 238 200 133 355 248 246 $2,250-$2,499___ 53 489 2 107 $2,500-$2,999___ 109 39 607 142 462 276 255 21 186 $3,000-$3,499___ 95 5 213 26 616 144 471 258 253 $3,500-$3,999___ 80 12 139 37 689 174 515 376 364 $4,000-$4,999___ 97 27 797 187 609 390 359 31 219 $5,000and over. 148 19 3,098 208 887 601 546 55 286 ♦ Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. Per centage of hous ing value secured without money expend iture (13) $31 15 36 49 38 65 119 124 131 126 328 $5 14 3 12 11 16 39 22 35 16.4 11.7 12.7 15.5 13.5 20.3 28.7 33.4 29.9 25.8 40.2 12 19 40 50 49 77 77 119 107 164 264 196 727 15 6 1 19.4 15.4 17.9 21.4 17.1 22.6 24.4 30.1 20.6 40.1 48.3 29.3 63.1 15 10 28 78 58 70 91 82 81 114 114 264 24 20 20 45 62 84 72 98 95 176 164 123 172 286 12 40 6 14 1 6 3 15 19 23 6 11 (*) 12 10 49 16 47 5.4 16.6 6.1 15.1 28.5 20.1 20.1 28.6 22.8 17.0 25.2 18.4 34.3 14.5 17.3 11.0 20.5 30.5 28.9 23.3 28.8 30.2 40.3 45.2 27.0 36.0 32.2 206 F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S SO U TH EA ST, 2 M ID D LE-SIZED CITIES T a b l e 4r-A. — M oney expenditure for fam ily h om e by ow ners and renters, and facilities in clu ded in rent for fam ily hom e: B y occupation, fa m ily type, and incom e, in 1 year, 1935-86 [White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] 90 86 83 79 67 56 65 58 51 45 42 38 42 19 $74 $133 88 123 65 164 130 184 121 210 153 257 177 276 195 300 176 348 252 403 223 423 301 479 359 501 472 643 96 315 470 380 271 271 216 118 113 28 41 47 52 43 44 40 33 34 6 8 14 19 28 50 39 59 63 90 86 83 81 64 50 61 41 32 74 69 68 125 82 122 148 172 154 133 122 162 169 180 214 229 247 365 $500-$749 ______ 41 $750-$999 _____ 153 $1,000-$1,249____ 197 $1,250-$1,499____ 203 251 $1,500-$1,749 $1,750-$1,999 255 $2,000-$2,249____ 177 $2,250-$2,499____ 151 21 41 38 43 44 38 41 35 18 14 26 28 38 28 38 33 82 84 74 72 59 72 62 65 159 56 117 150 160 175 196 167 136 171 199 241 298 305 306 338 79 194 148 203 167 186 197 258 213 323 339 206 244 224 238 315 320 369 443 560 299 600 I (7) -t-s 03 © w (8) 25 tA 3 g 03 CD (12) 12 33 45 56 74 73 74 80 83 92 81 81 90 94 15 8 3 4 8 2 3 8 10 59 46 38 40 35 35 29 30 28 38 23 35 35 40 12 32 44 46 80 76 83 73 57 15 7 3 2 9 40 50 63 70 69 67 76 96 18 3 8 6 5 p Mechanical refrigerator £ Refrigeration ^ Percentage with none of £ these facilities in^ eluded in rent 6 9 14 21 28 42 34 41 47 49 50 61 55 81 e © S Garage 28 62 88 148 151 159 163 139 137 83 68 71 61 48 3 Renting 96 356 623 705 579 679 652 447 440 253 222 178 178 261 0) 3 g Owning be 0 '■uC 'd oa § g ft P3 (3) o Furnishings ®8 g Eligible Occupational group, family type, and income class Home owners ex Number of Percentage Averagefor Percentage of renters having specified pense families of families 1 family home facilities included in ren t3 A l l fa m ilie s $250-$499 ____ $500-$749 ____ $750-$999 _____ $1,000— $1,249 $1,250-$1,499____ $1,500-$1,749 $1,750-$1,999____ $2,000-$2,249____ $2,250-$2,499____ $2,500-$2,999____ $3,000-$3,499___ •_ $3,500-$3,999____ $4,000-$4,999____ $5,000 and over _ _ 2 1 5 2 12 10 12 20 18 2 3 3 4 1 6 4 18 4 3 11 3 6 1 1 3 5 1 1 1 4 16 1 4 14 18 3 2 5 1 6 6 3 7 3 5 30 34 38 29 11 8 9 4 27 3 3 4 7 35 35 19 13 15 21 12 4 2 30 35 37 23 12 12 15 8 12 6 13 7 7 O c c u p a tio n a l grou p: W age ea rn er $250-$499 $500-$749 _ ___ $750-$999 $1,000-$1,249 $1,250-$1,499 $1,500-$1,749 $1,750-$1,999____ $2,000-$2,249 $2,250-$2,499 2 8 59 46 39 42 36 49 38 32 24 C lerica l 2 9 2 10 4 6 8 10 12 54 35 39 32 26 23 37 27 2 10 2 6 In d ep en d en t b u sin es s and p r o fe s sio n a l 21 $1,000-$1,249___ 70 27 45 $1,250-$1,499......... 57 35 59 $1,500-$1,749 56 27 45 $1,750-$1,999......... 66 38 $2,000-$2,249 49 29 50 55 75 $2,250-$2,499 23 $2,500-$2,999 68 73 36 51 26 66 $3,000-$3,499 78 56 26 $3 500-$3,999 $4’nno-$4’99Q 50 23 82 95 $5,000 and over. _ 125 26 See p. 219 for notes on this table. 55 41 55 50 25 32 34 22 18 6 550 75 6 17 15 45 61 88 6 79 88 84 91 85 55 100 100 4 4 6 34 39 30 14 22 34 41 21 54 25 5 5 9 8 8 11 5 12 21 6 16 207 TABULAR SUM M A RY SO U TH E A ST , 2 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES 4^A.— M oney expenditure for fam ily h om e by ow ners and renters, and facilities in clu d ed in rent for fam ily h om e: B y occupation, fam ily T able type, and income, in 1 year, 1935— — Continued 86 p Mechanical re52 frigerator £ Refrigeration ^ Percentage with none SJ of these facilities inw eluded in rent g Water 1 H Light S Garage Furnishings "5 © H (8) 3 Home owners 3 Renters (4) 3 tw o ‘3 * o g Renting (1 ) ^ Reporting ex“ penditures Occupational group, family type, and income class g Eligible ex Number of Percentage Averagefor Percentage of renters having specified pense families of families family home facilities included in rent Salaried business and professional $1,000-$1,249 . . $i;250- $1,499____ $1,500-$1,749 . . $1^750— $1^999____ $2,000-$2,249____ $2,250-$2,499 . $2,500-$2,999____ $3,000-$3,499 $3>500-$3,999 $4,000-$4,999......... Family type: Type I $250-$499 $500-$749 $750-$999 $1,000-$1,249 $1,250-$1,499 $1,500-$1,749 $1,750-$1,999 $2,000-$2,249 $2,250-$2,499 $2,500-$2,999 $3,000-13,499 $3,500-$3,999 $4,000-$4,999 $5,000 and over__ Types II and III $250-$499 $500-$749 $750-$999 _ ___ $1,000-$1,249 $1,250-$1,499____ $1,500-$1,749 $1,750-$1,999_ $2,000-$2,249____ $2,250-$2,499 $2,500-$2,999____ $3,000-$3,499____ $3,500-$3,999____ $4,000-$4,999 $5,000 and over—_ Types I V and V $250-$499________ $500-$749________ $750-$999________ $1,000-$1,249 $1,250-$1,499____ $1,500-$1,749____ $1,750-$1,999 . _ $2,000-$2,249 $2,250-$2,499 $2,500-$2,999 $3,000-$3,499 $3,500-$3,999 $4,000-$4,999 $5,000 and over__ 58 48 115 103 10 1 12 1 180 171 12 2 128 136 31 125 205 153 173 165 106 96 49 49 41 39 49 100 31 30 44 47 36 45 47 42 45 38 15 10 24 30 14 15 29 35 28 33 30 32 13 6 16 23 24 32 34 29 37 51 48 20 84 64 84 22 14 13 8 20 35 41 46 53 45 68 66 34 143 316 284 228 259 226 146 144 95 78 57 42 64 22 20 21 21 13 11 17 41 32 29 38 35 39 41 48 74 31 113 182 216 198 247 261 195 200 109 95 80 97 148 25 35 60 57 69 68 63 53 39 26 37 27 19 10 20 12 23 38 59 59 62 62 46 52 31 85 $116 $197 83 190 233 74 174 270 65 260 307 73 241 331 62 202 354 50 249 409 45 228 429 45 299 449 52 368 550 32 380 650 100 71 77 76 61 60 71 63 49 52 28 9 36 16 10 1 85 12 1 125 157 209 230 196 319 275 254 379 339 100 14 11 32 39 50 38 51 51 62 52 62 56 83 95 82 89 80 58 66 65 58 52 55 54 52 26 70 89 68 59 50 61 49 46 36 39 41 41 17 86 85 88 131 138 174 165 178 298 252 323 384 436 74 79 44 161 11 2 160 166 200 168 202 181 318 343 527 98 135 151 204 227 290 277 295 342 475 437 420 611 576 131 11 2 164 175 202 238 274 329 343 393 429 524 573 666 173 129 172 176 214 254 278 276 356 363 419 438 397 645 16 5 21 4 10 10 11 22 81 70 70 74 90 20 10 88 9 24 21 3 5 12 8 40 4 52 5 4 13 93 80 90 87 93 5 17 34 54 72 89 82 58 79 2 8 2 12 8 40 22 5 3 3 14 25 24 20 4 4 74 17 15 13 4 8 2 19 20 100 100 100 100 1 100 100 12 2 2 4 3 14 2 7 24 5 4 4 8 8 7 17 33 43 53 74 76 80 80 84 86 74 17 7 1 9 10 7 3 7 80 86 100 6 30 37 23 29 37 46 17 5 17 22 67 34 50 42 35 48 29 35 42 60 31 74 100 68 88 32 44 45 62 62 80 80 71 96 92 92 34 38 28 31 4 10 4 8 11 10 12 6 6 8 21 7 15 15 2 2 60 8 6 8 20 26 9 7 15 10 8 26 17 49 17 10 6 100 30 50 8 8 54 5 2 1 41 1 2 43 32 1 23 29 2 31 3 22 29 ____ ____ 26 3 3 45 36 24 33 30 44 26 13 15 9 14 10 14 23 7 62 47 23 31 40 41 30 27 24 33 16 29 14 38 38 28 37 30 19 14 11 9 20 12 4 9 16 9 20 3 1 4 4 8 20 4 21 8 8 14 208 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES SO U TH E A ST , 2 M ID D L E -SIZ E D CITIES T able 5. — Household operation: Average money expenditure for groups of item s of household operation and percentage distribution of such expenditure, by occupa tion, fa m ily type, and income, in 1 year, 1935-36 [White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Number of families Occupational g r o u p , family type, and in come class 0) Paid household help Fuel, Fuel, Reportlight, light, Other and re Eligi ing ex Total and re ble pendi friger Average Percent item s2 friger age of tures ation 1 amount families ation i having (6) (2) (4) (5) (7) (3) (8) (9) A ll families $250-$499______________ 96 $500-$749______________ 356 $750-1999______________ 623 705 $1,000-$1,249___________ 579 $1,250-$1,499___________ $1,500-$1,749___________ 679 $1,750-$1,999___________ 652 $2,000-$2,249___________ 447 $2,250-$2,499___________ 440 $2,500-$2,999___________ 253 222 $3,000-$3,499___________ $3,500-$3,999___________ 178 $4,000-$4,999___________ 178 261 $5,000 and over________ Occupational group: Wage earner $250-$499______________ 96 $500-$749______________ 315 $750-$999______________ 470 $1,000-$1,249___________ 380 271 $1,250-$1,499___________ 271 $1,500-$1,749___________ $1,750-$1,999___________ 216 $2,000-$2,249___________ 118 113 $2,250-$2,499___________ Clerical 41 $500-$749_____ _____ — 153 $750-$999_______ ____ $1,000-$1,249_.................. 197 $1,250-$1,499...................... 203 251 $1,500-$1,749...................... $1,750-$1,999_.................... 255 $2,000-$2,249___________ 177 $2,250-$2,499___________ 151 Independent business and professional $1,000-$1,249___________ 70 $1,250-$1,499___________ 57 $1,500-$1,749___________ 56 $1,750-$1,999___________ 66 $2,000-$2,249___________ 49 $2,250-$2,499___________ 55 $2,500-$2,999..................... 73 $3,000~$3,499___________ 51 $3,500-$3,999___________ 56 $4,000-$4,999_................... 50 125 $5,000 and over................ See p. 219 for notes on this tab! e. Percentage of total household opera tion expenditure Average money expenditure for household operation Paid house Other hold item s help (10) (11) 28 62 88 148 151 159 163 139 137 83 68 71 61 48 $71 93 120 152 181 210 256 277 302 370 426 489 541 764 $48 64 79 90 100 109 119 123 130 144 148 164 176 213 $1 5 8 14 27 33 56 64 72 104 153 190 214 355 9 16 28 32 40 51 66 63 64 73 91 94 96 97 $22 24 33 48 54 68 81 90 100 122 125 135 151 196 67.6 68.8 65.8 59.2 55.2 51.9 46.5 44.4 43.1 38.9 34.7 33.5 32.5 27.9 1.4 5.4 6.7 9.2 15.1 15.7 21.9 23.1 23.8 28.1 35.9 38.9 39.6 46.5 31.0 25.8 27.5 31.6 29.7 32.4 31.6 32.5 33.1 33.0 29.4 27.6 27.9 25.6 28 41 47 52 43 44 40 33 34 71 93 118 145 169 183 211 254 256 48 64 79 88 100 106 109 123 124 1 5 8 11 21 20 43 58 33 9 15 26 27 33 36 59 66 36 22 24 31 46 48 57 59 73 99 67.6 68.8 66.9 60.7 59.2 57.9 51.6 48.4 48.4 1.4 5.4 6.8 7.6 12.4 10.9 20.4 22.8 12.9 31.0 25.8 26.3 31.7 28.4 31.2 28.0 28.8 38.7 21 41 38 43 44 38 41 35 92 127 152 192 231 277 275 303 62 81 92 104 114 124 124 132 4 10 14 33 39 59 60 68 23 33 36 45 63 70 59 62 26 36 46 55 78 94 91 103 67.4 63.8 60.5 54.2 49.4 44.8 45.1 43.6 4.3 7.9 9.2 17.2 16.9 21.3 21.8 22.4 28.3 28.3 30.3 28.6 33.7 33.9 33.1 34.0 27 35 27 38 29 23 36 26 26 23 26 175 209 230 280 317 329 342 452 510 544 833 93 103 111 121 124 122 139 143 170 173 239 31 35 37 70 96 111 89 184 201 225 388 49 44 64 68 82 83 68 95 95 100 95 51 71 82 89 97 96 114 125 139 146 206 53.2 49.3 48.3 43.2 39.1 37.1 40.7 31.6 33.3 31.8 28.7 17.7 16.8 16.1 25.0 30.3 33.7 26.0 40.7 39.4 41.4 46.6 29.1 33.9 35.6 31.8 30.6 29.2 33.3 27.7 27.3 26.8 24.7 209 TABULAE SUM M A RY SO U TH EA ST, 2 M ID D L E -SIZ E D C ITIES T able 5.— H ou sehold operation: Average money expenditure for groups of item s of household operation and percentage distribution of such expenditure , by occupa tion , fam ily type, and incom e , in 1 year , 1935-86 — Continued Number of families Occupational g r o u p , family type, and in come class (1) Salaried business and professional $1,000-$1,249___________ $1,250-$1,499___________ $1,500-81,749___________ $1,750-$1,999___________ $2,000-$2,249___________ $2,250-$2,499___________ $2,500-$2,999___________ $3,000-$3,499___________ $3,500-$3,999___________ $4,000-$4,999___________ $5,000 and over___ __ __ Family type: Type I $250-$499 _ $500-$749______________ $750-$999______________ $1,000-$1,249___________ $1,250-$1,499___________ $1,500-$1,749___________ $1,750-$1,999___________ $2,000-$2,249___________ $2,250-$2,499_.............. $2,500-$2,999___________ $3,000-$3,499___________ $3,500-$3,999__________ $4,000-84,999___________ $5,000 and over__ _ _ _ Types II and III $250-$499______________ $500-$749______________ $750-8999______________ $1,000-81,249___________ $1,250-$1,499___________ $1,500-$1,749___________ $1,750-$1,999___________ $2,000-82,249___________ $2,250-82,499___________ $2,500-82,999___________ $3,000-83,499___________ $3,500-$3,999___________ $4,000-84,999___________ $5,000 and over________ Types I V and V $250-8499______________ $500-8749______________ $750-8999______________ $1,000-81,249___________ $1,250-81,499___________ $1,500-81,749___________ $l,75jp-$l,999___________ $2,000-82,249___________ $2,250-82,499___________ $2,500-82,999___________ $3,000-$3,499___________ $3,500-83,999___________ $4,000-84,999___________ $5,000 and over........ ....... Percentage of total household opera tion expenditure Average money expenditure for household operation Paid household help Fuel, Fuel, Report light, light, Other and re Eligi ing ex Total and re ble pendi friger Average Percent items friger tures age of ation amount families ation having (5) (2) (6) (3) (4) (7) (8) (9) Paid house Other hold items help (10) (11) 58 48 101 115 103 121 180 171 122 128 136 31 30 44 47 36 45 47 42 45 38 22 $168 169 221 278 291 332 380 418 479 540 701 $93 86 108 124 121 138 145 150 161 177 189 $15 28 46 67 64 97 111 144 185 209 324 26 52 58 68 55 85 75 90 93 95 100 $60 55 67 87 106 97 124 124 133 154 188 55.4 50.9 49.1 44.6 41.6 41.6 38.1 35.9 33.6 32.8 27.0 8.9 16.6 20.9 24.1 22.0 29.2 29.1 34.4 38.6 38.7 46.2 35.7 32.5 30.0 31.3 36.4 29.2 32.8 29.7 27.8 28.5 26.8 31 100 125 205 153 173 165 106 96 49 49 41 39 49 6 14 15 29 35 28 33 30 32 13 20 14 13 8 69 90 113 149 172 201 276 277 320 376 473 433 498 830 53 59 73 86 100 96 117 117 124 137 145 136 157 259 6 8 12 18 23 69 61 84 97 200 170 227 424 16 26 22 41 47 73 62 82 70 100 100 100 100 16 25 32 51 54 82 90 99 112 142 128 127 114 147 76.8 65.5 64.6 57.7 58.1 47.8 42.4 42.2 38.8 36.3 30.6 31.4 31.5 31.2 6.7 7.1 8.1 10.2 11.4 25.0 22.0 26.2 26.0 42.3 39.3 45.6 51.1 23.2 27.8 28.3 34.2 31.7 40.8 32.6 35.8 35.0 37.7 27.1 29.3 22.9 17.7 34 143 316 284 228 259 226 146 144 95 78 57 42 64 12 23 38 59 59 62 62 46 52 31 22 20 21 21 83 85 124 154 198 223 295 309 324 405 418 537 516 721 55 61 79 90 100 112 124 127 130 149 154 170 167 188 2 1 12 18 42 48 78 82 104 142 148 231 198 359 17 7 37 43 55 69 77 68 78 82 100 100 94 100 26 23 33 46 56 63 93 100 90 114 116 136 151 174 66.3 71.8 63.7 58.4 50.5 50.2 42.1 41.1 40.1 36.8 36.8 31.7 32.4 26.1 2.4 1.2 9.7 11.7 21.2 21.5 26.4 26.5 32.1 35.1 35.4 43.0 38.4 49.8 31.3 27.0 26.6 29.9 28.3 28.3 31.5 32.4 27.8 28.1 27.8 25.3 29.2 24.1 31 113 182 216 198 247 261 195 200 109 95 80 97 148 10 25 35 60 57 69 68 63 53 39 26 37 27 19 61 106 117 151 169 203 209 254 278 335 407 484 569 ' 760 35 71 83 93 102 116 115 122 133 142 144 174 187 208 3 9 2 12 18 23 29 53 44 74 134 171 215 329 10 29 13 26 22 36 52 59 46 67 80 86 96 96 23 26 32 46 49 64 65 79 101 119 129 139 167 223 57.4 67.0 70.9 61.6 60.4 57.2 55.0 48.0 47.9 42.4 35.4 36.0 32.9 27.3 4.9 8.5 1.7 7.9 10.6 11.3 13.9 20.9 15.8 22.1 32.9 35.3 37.8 43.4 37.7 24.5 27.4 30.5 29.0 31.5 31.1 31.1 36.3 35.5 31.7 28.7 29.3 29.3 210 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES SO U TH E A ST , 2 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES 6.—Clothing: A verage m oney expenditure fo r clothing fo r husband and w ife and other fa m ily m em bers , and percentage distribu tion of such expen ditu re , by occupation , fa m ily ty p e , and in com e , in 1 yea r , 1985—36 T able [White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Number of families Occupational group, family type, and in come class (1) Eligible (2) A ll families $250-$499______________ 96 $500-$749______________ 356 $750-$999______________ 623 705 $1,000-$1,249__________ 579 $1,250-$1,499__________ 679 $1,500-$1,749__________ $1,750-$1,999__________ 652 $2,000-$2,249__________ 447 $2,250-$2,499__________ 440 $2,500-$2,999__________ 253 222 $3,000-$3,499___............... $3,500-$3,999__________ 178 $4,000-$4,999__________ 178 $5,000 and o v e r _______ 261 Occupational group: Wage earner $250-$499______________ 96 $500-$749______________ 315 $750-$999______________ 470 $1,000-$1,249__________ 380 $1,250-$1,499__________ 271 271 $1,500-$1,749__________ $1,750-$1,999__________ 216 $2,000-$2,249__________ 118 $2,250-$2,499__________ 113 Clerical $500-$749_____________ 41 $750-$999_____________ 153 $1,000-$1,249__________ 197 $1,250-$1,499__________ 203 $1,500-$1,749__________ 251 $1,750-$1,999__________ 255 $2,000-$2,249__________ 177 $2,250-$2,499__.________ 151 Independent business and professional $1,000-$1,249__________ 70 57 $1,250-$1,499__________ 56 $1,500-$1,749__________ 66 $1,750-$1,999__________ 49 $2,000-$2,249__________ $2,250-$2,499__________ 55 $2,500-$2,999__________ 73 $3,000-$3,499__________ 51 $3,500-$3,999__________ 56 $4,000-$4,999__________ 50 $5,000 and over, _ _____ 125 See p. 219 for notes on this table. Report ing ex pendi tures (3) Average money expenditure for Percentage of total fam clothing i ily clothing expenditure All family Hus mem band bers (4) (6) Wife (6) Other family Hus mem band bers (7) (8) Wife (9) Other family mem bers (10) 28 62 88 148 151 159 163 139 137 83 68 71 61 48 $51 58 72 102 123 151 166 209 212 261 298 319 380 591 $18 21 25 36 41 55 59 72 67 92 104 101 114 146 $17 21 23 38 40 49 58 73 68 82 99 119 117 228 $16 16 24 28 42 47 49 64 77 87 95 99 149 217 35.3 36.2 34.7 35.3 33.3 36.4 35.6 34.5 31.6 35.3 34.9 31.7 30.0 24.7 33.3 36.2 32.0 37.3 32.5 32.5 34.9 34.9 32.1 31.4 33.2 37.3 30.8 38.6 31.4 27.6 33.3 27.4 34.2 31.1 29.5 30.6 36.3 33.3 31.9 31.0 39.2 36.7 28 41 47 52 43 44 40 33 34 51 59 72 101 122 151 140 197 188 18 22 25 33 36 49 48 62 51 17 22 23 36 40 46 45 60 60 16 15 24 32 46 56 47 75 77 35.3 37.3 34.7 32.7 29.5 32.5 34.3 31.5 27.1 33.3 37.3 31.9 35.6 32.8 30.5 32.1 30.5 31.9 31.4 25.4 33.4 31.7 37.7 37.0 33.6 38.0 41.0 21 41 38 43 44 38 41 35 53 74 94 118 153 178 211 243 21 26 35 44 61 66 79 80 16 24 36 35 48 64 74 72 16 24 23 39 44 48 58 91 39.6 35.2 37.2 37.3 39.9 37.1 37.4 32.9 30.2 32.4 38.3 29.7 31.4 36.0 35.1 29.6 30.2 32.4 24.5 33.0 28.7 26.9 27.5 37.5 27 35 27 38 29 23 36 26 26 23 ; 26 1 102 138 150 160 177 195 252 314 305 347 603 | 37 47 52 56 60 64 76 95 93 114 144 37 50 56 61 63 70 86 115 112 111 226 28 41 42 43 54 61 90 104 100 122 233 36.3 34.1 34.7 35.0 33.9 32.8 30.2 30.3 30.5 32.9 23.9 36.3 36.2 37.3 38.1 35.6 35.9 34.1 36.6 36.7 32.0 37.5 27.4 29.7 28.0 26.9 30.5 31.3 35.7 33.1 32.8 35.1 38.6 TABULAR SUMMARY 211 SO U TH E A ST , 2 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES 6.— C lothin g: A verage m oney expenditure for clothing for husband an d w ife and other fa m ily m em bers , and percentage distribu tion of such expenditure , by occupation, fa m ily ty p e , and incom e, in 1 year, 1 9 3 5 -3 6 —Continued T able Number of families Occupational group, family type, and in come class (1) Salaried business and professional $1,000-81,249__________ $1,250-81,499__________ $1,500-81,749__________ $1,750— $1,999__________ $2,000-$2,249__________ $2,250-$2,499__________ $2,500-$2,999__________ $3,000-$3,499___________ $3,500-$3,999__________ $4,000-$4,999__________ $5,000 and over________ Family type: Type 1 2 $250-$499______________ $500-8749______________ $750-$999______________ $1,000-81,249__________ $1,250-$1,499 $1,500-$1,749__________ $1,750-81,999__________ $2,000-82,249__________ $2,250-82,499__________ $2,500-82,999__________ $3,000-83,499__________ $3,500-83,999__________ $4,000-84,999__________ $5,000 and over___ __ Types II and III $250-8499_____________ $500-8749______________ $750-8999______________ $1,000-81,249__________ $1,250-81,499__________ $1,500-81,749__________ $1,750-81,999__________ $2,000-82,249__________ $2,250-82,499__________ $2,500-82,999__________ $3,000-83,499__________ $3,500-83,999__________ $4,000-84,999__________ $5,000 and over______ Types IV and V $250-8499______________ $500-8749______________ $750-8999______________ $1,000-81,249__________ $1,250-81,499__________ $1,500-81,749__________ $1,750-81,999___________ $2,000-82,249___________ $2,250-82,499__________ $2,500-82,999__________ $3,000-83,499__________ $3,500-83,999___________ $4,000-84,999__________ $5,000 and over. _ _ _ . Eligible (2) Report All ing ex family Hus pendi mem band tures bers (4) (5) (3) Other Hus Wife family band mem bers (6) (7) (8) 58 48 101 115 103 121 180 171 122 128 136 31 30 44 47 36 45 47 42 45 38 22 $137 136 151 194 231 203 264 292 326 393 579 $50 52 59 66 78 68 98 107 104 114 148 $56 49 54 68 91 72 80 94 122 119 230 31 100 125 205 153 173 165 106 96 49 49 41 39 49 6 14 15 29 35 28 33 30 32 13 20 14 13 8 35 70 61 89 92 154 142 205 182 223 245 246 296 394 18 36 32 36 46 79 70 91 90 121 118 117 139 159 17 34 28 52 46 73 71 114 86 102 124 129 157 234 2 1 6 34 143 316 284 228 259 226 146 144 95 78 57 42 64 12 23 38 59 59 62 62 46 52 31 22 20 21 21 66 49 72 102 125 143 173 202 208 226 304 308 324 538 22 19 26 39 46 54 67 76 76 99 126 105 129 179 31 113 182 216 198 247 261 195 200 109 95 80 97 148 10 25 35 60 57 69 68 63 53 39 26 37 27 19 47 59 80 115 144 158 176 215 229 308 319 364 438 679 14 12 19 30 32 40 44 60 50 72 79 89 97 127 See p. 219 for notes on this table. Average money expenditure for Percentage of total fam clothing ily clothing expenditure $31 35 38 60 62 63 86 91 100 160 201 Wife (9) Other family mem bers (10) 36.5 38.2 39.1 34.0 33.8 33.5 37.1 36.6 31.9 29.0 25.6 40.9 36.0 35.8 35.1 39.4 35.5 30.3 32.2 37.4 30.3 39.7 48.6 48.6 45.9 58.4 50.0 47.4 50.0 55.6 47.3 45.7 50.6 52.4 53.0 59.4 1.3 .7 3.2 1 51.4 51.4 52.5 40.4 50.0 51.3 49.3 44.4 49.5 54.3 48.2 47.6 47.0 40.4 26 18 25 36 42 50 65 74 83 78 104 133 116 243 18 12 21 27 37 39 41 52 49 49 74 70 79 116 33.3 38.8 36.1 38.2 36.8 37.8 38.7 37. 6 36.5 43.8 41.4 34.1 39.8 33.3 39.4 36.7 34.7 35. 3 33.6 35.0 37.6 36.6 39.9 34.5 34.2 43.2 35.8 45.2 27.3 24.5 29.2 26.5 29.6 27.2 23.7 25.8 23.6 21. 7 24.4 22.7 24.4 21.5 8 13 16 26 34 31 44 50 49 76 81 104 102 219 25 34 45 59 78 87 88 105 130 160 159 171 239 333 29.8 20.3 23.8 26.1 22.2 25.3 25.0 27.9 21.8 23.4 24.8 24. 5 22.1 18.7 17.0 22.0 20.0 22.6 23.6 19.6 25.0 23.3 21.4 24.7 25.4 28.6 23.3 32.3 53.2 57.7 56.2 51.3 54.2 55.1 50.0 48.8 56.8 51.9 49.8 46.9 54.6 49.0 1 1 3 22.6 25.8 25.1 30.9 26.8 31.0 32.6 31.2 30.7 40.7 34.7 1.6 1.2 1.2 2.0 212 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES SOUTHEAST, 2 MIDDLE-SIZED CITIES Average money expenditure for toilet articles and prep arations, and services, and percentage distribution of such expenditure, by occupa tion, family type, and income, in 1 year, 1935— 86 T able 7.— Personal care: [W h ite n o n r e lie f fa m ilie s in c lu d in g h u s b a n d a n d w ife , b o th n a tiv e b o rn ] N u m b e r o f fa m ilie s O c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p , fa m ily ty p e , a n d in c o m e cla ss A v e r a g e m o n e y e x p e n d itu r e for p e r so n a l care E lig ib le ( 1) R e p o r t in g ex p e n d i tu r es T o ta l ( 2) (3) (4) P e r c e n ta g e o f to ta l p e r so n a l ca re e x p e n d itu r e T o ile t T o ile t S e r v ic e s 1 a a rticlesp S e r v ic e s 1 a a rdtic leesp n d p re n pr a ra tio n s a r a tio n s ( 6) (5) (7) ( 8) A l l fa m ilie s $250-$499_____________________ $500-$749__________________________ $ 750-$999__________________________ $1,00 0-$1,249______________________ $ 1,25 0-11,499______________________ 96 356 623 705 579 148 151 $11 14 21 $5 88 9 $6 8 12 4 5 .5 4 2 .9 4 2 .9 4 6 .2 4 1 .4 5 4 .5 5 7 .1 5 7 .1 5 3 .8 5 8 .6 $1,50 0-$1,749.......................................... $1,75 0-$1,999______________________ $2,00 0-$2,249______________________ $2,25 0-$2,499______________________ $2,50 0-$2,999___________ __________ 679 652 447 440 253 159 163 139 137 83 31 37 40 41 45 14 16 19 19 21 21 22 17 23 4 5 .2 4 3 .2 4 7 .5 4 6 .3 4 8 .9 5 4 .8 5 6 .8 5 2 .5 5 3 .7 5 1 .1 $ 3 ,00 0-$3,499........................................... $3,50 0-$3,999 _.......................................... $4,00 0-$4,999______________________ $ 5,000 a n d o v e r . _ _ ___________ 222 178 178 261 68 71 61 48 47 55 56 93 25 29 46 25 30 27 47 4 5 .8 4 5 .5 5 1 .8 4 9 .5 5 4 .2 5 4 .5 4 8 .2 5 0 .5 $250-$499.................................................. $500-$749__________________________ $750-$999__________________________ $1,00 0-$1,249______________________ $ 1,25 0-$1,499______________________ 96 315 470 380 271 28 41 47 52 43 11 14 20 6 8 11 4 5 .5 4 2 .9 4 5 .0 4 8 .0 4 2 .9 5 4 .5 5 7 .1 5 5 .0 5 2 .0 5 7 .1 $1,50 0-$1,749______________________ $1,75 0-$1,999______________________ $2,000-$2,249 _____________________ $2,25 0-$2,499______________________ 271 216 118 113 44 40 33 34 17 4 3 .3 3 9 .4 4 5 .9 4 6 .3 5 6 .7 6 0 .6 5 4 .1 5 3 .7 $50O -$749__________________________ $750-$999__________________________ $1,00 0-$1,249______________________ $1,25 0-$1,499______________________ $1,50 0-$1,749______________________ 41 153 197 203 251 21 41 38 43 44 30 29 32 8 12 4 2 .9 4 5 .5 4 6 .7 4 1 .4 4 6 .9 5 7 .1 5 4 .5 5 3 .3 5 8 .6 5 3 .1 $1,75 0-$1,999______________________ $2,000-$2,249______________________ $2,25 0-$2,499______________________ 255 177 151 38 41 35 39 42 44 22 22 4 3 .6 4 7 .6 4 3 .2 5 6 .4 5 2 .4 5 6 .8 70 57 56 25 29 32 31 33 10 15 16 18 18 4 0 .0 4 4 .8 4 3 .8 4 1 .9 3 9 .4 6 0 .0 5 5 .2 5 6 .2 5 8 .1 6 0 .6 43 47 46 53 53 85 22 25 22 5 1 .2 5 3 .2 4 7 .8 4 7 .2 5 2 .8 5 8 .8 4 8 .8 4 6 .8 5 2 .2 5 2 .8 4 7 .2 4 1 .2 28 62 26 29 6 12 12 22 22 14 17 O c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p : W a g e ea rn er 5 25 28 6 12 12 13 16 30 33 37 41 13 13 17 19 20 20 22 14 6 10 14 12 9 C lerica l 22 15 17 20 19 16 17 17 25 I n d e p e n d e n t b u sin ess a n d p r o fe s sio n a l $ 1 ,0 0 0-$1,249______________________ $ 1 ,2 5 0-$1,499______________________ $ 1 ,5 0 0-$1,749______________________ $ 1,75 0-$1,999______________________ $ 2 ,0 0 0-$2,249______________________ 49 27 35 27 38 29 $ 2 ,2 5 0-$2,499___________ __________ $2,50 0 -$ 2 ,9 9 9 ______________________ $ 3 ,00 0-$3,499 ______________________ $ 3 ,5 0 0-$3,999______________________ $ 4 ,0 0 0-$4,999______________________ $5,000 a n d o v e r ___________________ 55 73 51 56 50 125 23 36 26 26 23 26 66 i S e e g lo ssa r y , a p p e n d ix B , fo r it e m s in c lu d e d . 13 14 13 13 25 28 50 20 21 22 24 28 25 35 TABULAR SUMMARY 213 SO U T H E A ST , 2 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES Average money expenditure for toilet articles and prep arations, and services, and percentage distribution of such expenditure, by occupa tion, family type, and income, in 1 year, 1935— — Continued 86 T able 7.— Personal care: N u m b e r o f fa m ilie s O c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p , fa m ily ty p e , a n d in c o m e cla ss A v e r a g e m o n e y e x p e n d itu r e for p e r so n a l care E lig ib le ( 1) S a la ried b u sin e ss a n d p r o fe s sio n a l $1,00 0-$1,249______________________ $ 1 ,25 0-$1,499______________________ $1,50 0-$1,749______________________ $ 1 ,75 0-$1,999______________________ $ 2 ,00 0-$2,249______________________ $2,25 0-$2,499______________________ $2,50 0-$2,999______________________ $ 3 ,00 0-13,499______________________ $3,50 0-$3,999______________________ $4,00 0-$4,999______________________ $5,000 a n d o v e r ___________________ F a m ily ty p e : T y p e I $250-$499__________________________ $500-$749__________________________ $750-$999__________________________ $1,000-$1,249______________________ $1,25 0-$1,499______________________ $1,500-$1,749______________________ $1,750-$1,999______________________ $2,000-$2,249______________________ $2,250-$2,499______________________ $2,500-$2,999______________________ $3,000-$3,499______________________ $3,50 0-$3,999______________________ $4,00 0-$4,999______________________ $5,000 a n d o v e r __________ ______ T ypes I I and I I I $250-$499__________________________ $500-$749__________________________ $750-$999__________________________ $1,00 0-$1,249______________________ $1,25 0-$1,499______________________ $1,50 0-$1,749______________________ $1,75 0-$1,999______________________ $2,00 0-$2,249______________________ $2,25 0-$2,499______________________ $2,50 0-$2,999______________________ $3,00 0-$3,499______________________ $3,50 0-$3,999______________________ $ 4,00 0-$4,999______________________ $5,000 a n d o v e r ___________________ T ypes I V and V $250-$499__________________________ $500-$749__________________________ $ 750-$999__________________________ $ 1 ,0 0 0-$1,249______________________ $ 1 ,2 5 0-$1,499______________________ $ 1,50 0-$1,749______________________ $ 1,75 0-$1,999______________________ $2,00 0-$2,249______________________ $2,25 0-$2,499______________________ $ 2,50 0-$2,999______________________ $ 3 ,00 0-$3,499______________________ $ 3 ,50 0-$3,999______________________ $4,00 0-$4,999______________________ $5,000 a n d o v e r __________ _____ R e p o r t in g e x p e n d i tu r es T o ta l S e r v ic e s ( 2) (3) (4) (5) 58 48 101 115 103 121 180 171 122 128 136 31 100 125 205 153 173 165 106 96 49 49 41 39 49 34 143 316 284 228 259 226 146 144 95 78 57 42 64 31 113 182 216 198 247 261 195 200 109 95 80 97 148 31 30 44 47 36 45 47 42 45 38 22 6 14 15 29 35 28 33 30 32 13 20 14 13 8 12 23 38 59 59 62 62 46 52 31 22 20 21 21 10 25 35 60 57 69 68 63 53 39 26 37 27 19 T o ile t a r tic le s a n d p r e p S er v ic e s a r a tio n s ( 6) (7) $26 28 32 40 46 35 45 48 56 57 99 $11 25 29 41 18 24 26 31 28 58 9 3 4 5 6 8 11 12 16 27 26 31 33 41 35 40 42 55 52 55 15 14 21 28 30 30 39 40 37 43 53 50 51 84 9 15 23 24 30 32 37 41 46 50 46 58 59 109 P e r c e n ta g e o f to ta l p e r so n a l care e x p e n d itu r e 13 15 18 24 17 21 22 11 11 12 14 20 15 19 18 27 28 23 7 7 10 14 13 14 18 19 18 20 24 23 24 48 5 6 10 11 13 14 15 19 21 25 22 26 31 52 $15 15 17 22 22 16 15 19 19 21 20 21 24 28 24 32 8 7 11 14 17 16 21 21 19 23 29 27 27 36 4 9 13 13 17 18 22 22 25 25 24 32 28 57 1 T o ile t a rticles and prep a r a tio n s ( 8) 4 2 .3 4 6 .4 4 6 .9 4 5 .0 5 2 .2 4 8 .6 4 6 .7 4 5 .8 4 4 .6 5 0 .9 4 1 .4 5 7 .7 5 3 .6 5 3 .1 5 5 .0 4 7 .8 5 1 .4 5 3 .3 5 4 .2 5 5 .4 4 9 .1 5 8 .6 3 3 .3 3 3 .3 3 1 .2 4 0 .7 4 2 .3 3 8 .7 4 2 .4 4 8 .8 4 2 .9 4 7 .5 4 2 .9 4 9 .1 5 3 .8 4 1 .8 6 6 .7 6 6 .7 4 6 .7 5 0 .0 4 7 .6 5 0 .0 4 3 .3 4 6 .7 4 6 .2 4 7 .5 4 8 .6 4 6 .5 4 5 .3 4 6 .0 4 7 .1 57 .1 5 3 .3 5 0 .0 52 .4 5 0 .0 56. 7 5 3 .3 5 3 .8 5 2 .5 5 1 .4 5 3 .5 5 4 .7 5 4 .0 5 2 .9 4 2 .9 5 5 .6 4 0 .0 4 3 .5 4 5 .8 4 3 .3 4 3 .8 4 0 .5 4 6 .3 4 5 .7 5 0 .0 4 7 .8 4 4 .8 5 2 .5 4 7 .7 4 4 .4 6 0 .0 5 6 .5 5 4 .2 5 6 .7 5 6 .2 5 9 .5 5 3 .7 5 4 .3 5 0 .0 5 2 .2 5 5 .2 4 7 .5 5 2 .3 68.8 5 9 .3 5 7 .7 6 1.3 5 7 .6 5 1 .2 5 7 .1 5 2 .5 5 7 .1 5 0 .9 4 6 .2 5 8 .2 214 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES S O U T H E A ST , 2 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES T Percentage of families own ing and purchasing automobiles, average money expenditure for all families for operation and purchase, by occupation, family type, and income, in 1 year, 1985— 36 able 8.— Automobile operation and purchase: [W h ite n o n r e lie f fa m ilie s in c lu d in g h u s b a n d a n d w ife , b o th n a tiv e b o rn ] N u m b e r o f fa m ilie s O c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p , fa m ily ty p e , a n d in co m e class P er c e n ta g e o f a ll fa m ilie s E lig ib le R e p o r t in g ex p e n d i tu res O w n in g a u to m o b ile s ( 2) (3) (4) ( 1) A v e r a g e m o n e y e x p e n d itu r e o f a ll fa m ilie P u r c h a s O p e ra tio n in g a u to a n d p u r ch a se m o b ile s P u r c h a se (n e t) 1 (7) (6 ) (5) O p era tio n i (8 ) A l l fa m ilie s 12 11 $250-$499__________________________ $500-$749__________________________ $750-$999__________________________ $1,0 0 0 -$ 1 ,2 4 9 ______________________ $ 1 ,2 5 0 -$ 1 ,4 9 9 ______________________ 96 356 623 705 579 88 148 151 40 48 64 $ 1 ,5 0 0 -$ 1 ,7 4 9 ______________________ $ 1 ,7 5 0-$1,999______________________ $ 2 ,0 0 0-$2,249______________________ $ 2,25 0-$2,499______________________ $ 2 ,5 0 0-$2,999______________________ 679 652 447 440 253 159 163 139 137 83 63 74 74 78 83 $3,00 0-$3,499______________________ $3j500-$3,999______________________ $4,000-$4,999______________________ $5,000 a n d o v e r .. __ ___ 222 68 28 62 178 178 261 71 61 48 89 95 92 97 $ 250-$499__________________________ $500-$749__________________________ $750-$999__________________________ $1,00 0-$1,249______________________ $ 1 ,2 5 0-$1,499______________________ 96 315 470 380 271 28 41 47 52 43 44 46 $ 1 ,50 0-$1,749______________________ $1,75 0-$1,999______________________ $2,000-$2,249______________________ $2,250-$2,499 _____________________ 271 216 118 113 44 40 33 34 $500-$749__________________________ $750-$999__________________________ $1,000-$1,249______________________ $1,250-$1,499______________________ $1,50 0-$1,749______________________ 41 153 197 203 251 $1,75 0-$1,999______________________ $2,000-$2,249______________________ $2,250-$2,499______________________ 5 2 14 8 12 12 20 25 20 46 55 82 $6 10 $4 7 25 45 59 23 100 68 32 24 164 178 183 249 98 92 106 130 37 36 38 48 298 322 402 499 147 168 191 235 $2 3 21 10 66 86 77 119 151 154 211 264 O cc u p a tio n a l g ro u p : W age earner 12 10 66 66 5 2 6 10 10 16 63 70 69 18 34 41 38 43 44 19 29 44 58 54 10 12 14 11 255 177 151 38 41 35 81 79 81 22 70 57 56 49 27 35 27 38 29 56 78 75 70 96 55 73 51 56 50 125 23 36 26 26 23 26 86 100 21 6 11 4 8 2 45 49 77 27 40 62 3 18 9 15 98 119 199 148 77 73 75 85 46 124 63 21 C lerica l 21 4 7 49 70 81 79 54 52 48 3 29 16 29 31 192 170 227 116 94 105 122 12 53 117 113 162 239 45 76 85 87 126 41 28 75 113 12 144 276 307 288 347 485 173 174 170 188 238 17 23 4 20 76 76 I n d e p e n d e n t b u sin ess a n d p ro fessio n a l $1,00 0-$1,249______________________ $1,250-$1,499______________________ $1,500-$1,749______________________ $1,750-$1,999______________________ $2,00 0-$2,249______________________ $2,25 0-$2,499______________________ $2,500-$2,999______________________ $3,000-$3,499______________________ $3,500-$3,999______________________ $4,000-$4,999______________________ $5,000 a n d o v e r ______ _________ S ee p . 219 for n o te s o n th is ta b le . 66 78 90 84 95 14 13 26 31 24 29 38 32 48 102 8 42 103 133 118 159 247 TABULAR SUMMARY 215 SOUTHEAST, 2 MIDDLE-SIZED CITIES T 8.— Automobile operation and purchase: Percentage of families own ing and purchasing automobiles, average money expenditure for all families for operation and purchase, by occupation, family type, and income, in 1 year, 198586— Continued able N u m b e r o f fa m ilie s O c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p , fa m ily ty p e , a n d in c o m e class P e r c e n ta g e o f a ll fa m ilies E lig ib le S a la ried b u sin ess a n d p ro fessio n a l $1,000-$1,249______________________ $1,25 0-$1,499______________________ $ 1 ,5 0 0-$1,749______________________ $1,75 0-$1,999______________________ $ 2,00 0-$2,249______________________ $2,25 0-$2,499______________________ $2,50 0-$2,999______________________ $3,00 0-$3,499______________________ $3,50 0-$3,999______________________ $4,00 0-$4,999______________________ $5,000 a n d o v e r _____ __________ F a m ily ty p e : T y p e I $250-$499__________________________ $500-$749__________________________ $750-$999__________________________ $ 1 ,00 0-$1,249______________________ $1,25 0-$1,499______________________ $1,500-$1,749______________________ $1,750-$1,999___________ ______— _ $2,00 0-12,249______________________ $2,250-$2,499______________________ $2,500-$2,999______________________ $3,000-$3,499______________________ $3,500-13,999______________________ $4,000-$4,999______________________ $5,000 a n d o v e r ___________ _______ T ypes I I and I I I $ 250-$499__________________________ ______________ $ 500-$749_______ $750-$999__________________________ $ 1 ,0 0 0-$1,249______________________ $ 1 ,2 5 0 -$ 1 ,4 9 9 ______________________ $ 1 ,5 0 0-$1,749______________________ $ 1 ,7 5 0-$1,999______________________ $2,00 0 -$ 2 ,2 4 9 ______________________ $ 2 ,2 5 0-$2,499______________________ $2,5 0 0 -$ 2 ,9 9 9 ______________________ $3,0 0 0 -$ 3 ,4 9 9 ______________________ $ 3 ,5 0 0-$3,999______________________ $ 4 ,0 0 0-$4,999______________________ $ 5 ,00 0 a n d o v e r _____ __ ____ T ypes I V and V $250-$499__________________________ $500-$749__________________________ $750-$999__________________________ $ 1 ,00 0-$1,249______________________ $ 1 ,25 0-$1,499______________________ $ 1 ,50 0-$1,749______________________ $ 1 ,75 0-$1,999______________________ $2,00 0 -$ 2 ,2 4 9 ______________________ $ 2 ,25 0-$2,499______________________ $2,5 0 0 -$ 2 ,9 9 9 ______________________ $3,00 0 -$ 3 ,4 9 9 ______________________ $3,50 0 -$ 3 ,9 9 9 ______________________ $4,00 0 -$ 4 ,9 9 9 ______________________ $ 5,000 a n d o v e r _____ _____________ 125018°— 40- 15 O w n in g a u to m o b ile s (2) ( 1) R e p o r t in g exp en d itu res (3) (4) 58 48 101 115 103 121 180 171 122 128 136 31 100 125 205 153 173 165 106 96 49 49 41 39 49 34 143 316 284 228 259 226 146 144 95 78 57 42 64 31 113 182 216 198 247 261 195 200 109 95 80 97 148 31 30 44 47 36 45 47 42 45 38 58 59 68 82 60 81 82 89 93 96 100 6 17 14 32 61 14 15 29 35 28 33 30 32 13 88 66 95 68 20 87 8 12 23 38 59 59 62 62 46 52 31 68 80 100 94 100 5 43 42 63 66 78 70 64 91 94 85 82 22 20 21 21 100 10 20 25 35 60 57 69 68 63 53 39 26 37 27 19 P u r c h a s O p era tio n in g a u to a n d p u r ch a se m o b ile s 2 7 20 27 18 17 25 40 35 41 47 17 2 19 10 7 19 24 23 20 21 10 200 3 51 49 80 104 5 22 20 96 96 25 28 48 46 86 100 17 10 48 76 91 132 177 191 16 6 12 10 8 8 15 9 16 27 (8) 91 130 113 139 166 192 233 236 283 316 413 533 16 41 41 60 46 61 82 79 83 P u r c h a se (n e t) $51 76 151 183 139 174 239 296 336 423 512 25 41 26 53 23 24 16 31 60 45 27 48 O p era tio n (7) (6) (5) 22 14 13 A v e r a g e m o n e y e x p e n d itu r e o f all fa m ilies 201 182 162 258 384 391 294 565 3 18 36 43 80 76 123 167 188 248 236 275 444 460 $49 55 80 112 9 16 65 74 84 98 96 128 98 170 167 192 191 3 29 41 57 77 116 93 105 143 135 156 152 248 3 10 26 32 51 47 83 88 96 133 144 176 207 245 $2 21 71 71 48 44 126 157 170 231 279 7 1 11 32 17 48 79 95 72 138 113 149 221 342 22 8 23 27 85 89 57 115 249 235 142 317 8 10 11 29 29 40 79 92 115 92 99 237 215 216 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES SOUTHEAST, 2 MIDDLE-SIZED CITIES Table 9.—Recreation: Average m oney expenditure for recreation of types , by occupation , fa m ily type , and incom e , in 1 yearf 1935-36 specified [W h ite n o n r e lie f fa m ilie s in c lu d in g h u s b a n d a n d w ife , b o th n a tiv e b o rn ] N u m b e r o f fa m ilie s O c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p , fa m ily ty p e , a n d in c o m e cla ss 0) A v e r a g e m o n e y e x p e n d itu r e for r ecrea tio n P a id a d m is sio n s M o v ie s ( 2) ( 6) (7) T o ta l (4) O th er i E q u ip m e n t for g a m es and sp o r ts (5) R e p o r t in g e x p e n d i tu r es (3) E lig ib le O th er» ( 8) A l l fa m ilie s $250-$499__________________________ $500-$749__________________________ $750-$999__________________________ $1,00 0-$1,249______________________ $1,25 0-$1,499______________________ 96 356 623 705 579 88 148 151 24 27 33 $1,50 0-11,749______________________ $1,75 0-$1,999______________________ $2,00 0-$2,249______________________ $2,25 0-$2,499______________________ $ 2 ,50 0-$2,999______________________ 679 652 447 440 253 159 163 139 137 83 43 49 57 $3,00 0-$3,499______________________ $3,50 0-$3,999______________________ $4,00 0-$4,999______________________ $5,000 a n d over_____ _ 222 68 100 102 28 62 $7 11 66 75 $2 3 6 10 (*) C) 13 $1 2 3 2 15 18 4 4 22 20 (• ) $1 $4 2 2 4 15 13 13 7 7 7 27 6 6 11 27 27 30 41 7 28 13 24 60 178 178 261 71 61 48 143 242 $250-$499__________________________ $500-$749__________________________ $750-$999__________________________ $1,00 0-$1,249______________________ $1,25 0-$1,499______________________ 96 315 470 380 271 28 41 47 52 43 26 30 40 $ 1 ,50 0-$1,749______________________ $ 1 ,7 5 0-$1,999______________________ $2,00 0-$2,249______________________ $2,25 0-$2,499______________________ 271 216 118 113 44 40 33 34 37 46 45 86 20 21 C lerica l $500-$749__________________________ $750-$999__________________________ $1,00 0-$1,249______________________ $1,25 0-$1,499______________________ $1,50 0-$1,749______________________ 41 153 197 203 251 41 38 43 44 21 21 6 $ 1 ,7 5 0-$1,999______________________ $ 2 ,00 0-$2,249______________________ $ 2 ,2 5 0-$2,499______________________ 255 177 151 38 41 35 59 21 70 57 56 27 35 27 38 29 38 63 50 57 21 12 11 10 20 9 21 20 8 19 20 24 29 33 38 42 80 117 O cc u p a tio n a l g ro u p : W age earn er 7 10 19 23 24 42 47 61 2 3 5 (*) 14 14 18 1 2 3 3 2 6 3 11 9 1 (•) 10 3 6 4 (• ) 8 11 1 1 18 2 2 17 25 4 6 8 13 3 1 2 2 5 5 8 5 9 4 7 17 15 17 10 11 19 48 12 8 12 9 17 6 17 26 24 2 3 7 15 49 I n d e p e n d e n t b u sin ess a n d p ro fessio n a l $ 1 ,0 0 0-$1,249______________________ $1,25 0-$1,499 ______________________ $1,50 0-$1,749______________________ $1,75 0-$1,999______________________ $ 2 ,00 0-$2,249______________________ 66 49 55 55 $2,25 0-$2,499______________________ 23 88 $2,50 0-$2.999 ______________________ 73 36 84 51 $3,00 0-$3,499 _-------------------------------26 86 56 $ 3 ,50 0-$3,999______________________ 26 114 23 $4,000-$4,999 ______________________ 50 224 125 26 $5,000 a n d o v e r -------- ___ ____ i S ee g lo ssa r y , a p p e n d ix B , fo r it e m s in c lu d e d . ♦ Average a m o u n ts o f le s s th a n $1 a n d p e r c e n ta g es o f le s s th a n 0.1 are 18 17 17 32 24 27 32 51 n o t sh ow n . 1 2 3 4 2 7 8 8 16 14 25 1 5 8 12 12 25 16 24 52 21 30 19 36 27 27 44 96 TABULAR SUMMARY SO U TH EA ST, 2 217 M ID D L E -S IZ E D C IT IE S 9.— Recreation: Average money expenditure for recreation of specified types, by occupation, family type, and income, in 1 year, 1935-36— Continued T able N u m b e r o f fa m ilie s O c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p , fa m ily ty p e , a n d in c o m e cla ss ( 1) Salaried business and professional $1,000-$1,249_........................................... $1,25 0-$1,499............................................. $1,500-$1,749__........................................ $1,75 0-$1,999______________________ $2,00 0-$2,249____________________ $2,25 0-$2,499........ ................... ................. $2,500-$2,999_....................................... $3,00 0-$3,499______________________ $3,500-$3,999______________________ $4,000-$4,999______________________ $5,000 a n d o v e r ___________________ Family type: Type I A v e r a g e m o n e y e x p e n d itu r e for r e cr e a tio n P a id a d m is s io n s E lig ib le M o v ie s 58 48 101 115 103 121 180 171 122 128 136 (6) (7) 31 30 44 47 36 $23 29 48 60 62 $10 12 12 17 22 45 47 42 45 38 62 70 105 19 25 28 27 30 32 110 155 259 6 1 11 1 17 25 25 $1,500-$1,749_........................................... $1,750-$1,999_............................ ............... $2,000-$2.249 _........................................... $2,250-$2,499______________________ $2,500-$2,999 _...................................... .. 173 165 106 96 49 28 33 30 32 13 57 42 56 58 57 20 20 $3,000-$3,499_...................................... .. $3,500-$3,999_...................................... .. $4,000-$4,999______________________ $5,000 a n d o v e r ___________________ 49 41 39 49 20 111 24 6 12 $250-$499__________________________ $500-$749__________________________ $750-$999__________________________ $1,00 0-$1,249______________________ $1,25 0-$1,499______________________ 34 143 316 284 228 23 38 59 59 29 34 40 6 14 12 $1,500-$1,749______________________ $1,75 0-$1,999______________________ $2,00 0 -$ 2 ,2 4 9 ______________________ $2,25 0-$2,499______________________ $2,500-$2,999__........................................ 259 226 146 144 95 62 62 46 52 31 41 55 56 76 84 20 20 18 21 $3,00 0-$3,499______________________ $3,50 0-$3,999______________________ $4,00 0-$4,999______________________ $5,000 a n d o v e r ___________________ 78 57 42 64 22 20 21 21 108 149 353 101 28 27 25 32 $250-$499__________________________ $500-$749_________ _________________ $750-$999__________________________ $1,00 0-$1,249______________________ $1,250-$1,499_................................. .. 31 113 182 216 198 25 35 60 57 11 13 21 1 3 6 8 $1,500-$1,749.............................................. $1,75 0-$1,999______________________ $2,00 0-$2,249______________________ $2,250-$2,499______________________ $2,500-$2,999__...................................... 247 261 195 $3,000-$3,499_........................................... $3,500-$3,999...................................... .. $4,000-$4,999_.................................... $5,000 a n d o v e r ....................................... Types IV and V 14 13 8 12 10 69 (*) 3 4 17 14 2 7 9 7 9 4 31 14 24 19 25 47 16 36 4 34 43 90 55 2 6 7 20 15 22 5 5 25 110 28 28 9 3 3 3 14 23 (*) (*) 1 2 3 3 3 4 4 13 8 7 15 13 18 23 25 37 43 13 13 17 8 24 16 27 95 41 52 84 209 4 13 1 1 3 4 15 18 25 2 7 5 6 7 7 3 (*) (*) 200 109 63 53 39 32 8 95 80 97 148 26 37 27 19 94 104 131 238 28 30 33 50 13 28 4 5 4 21 7 'A v e r a g e a m o u n ts o f le ss th a n $1 a n d p e r c e n ta g es o f le s s th a n 0 .1 are n o t s h o w n . (*) (• ) 3 34 47 58 63 76 68 8 11 14 20 19 31 (*) 14 4 91 168 10 1 1 8 2 68 10 3 5 24 31 40 48 94 135 9 7 13 24 14 15 29 35 $9 13 25 29 29 11 8 2 3 5 4 125 205 153 100 (8 ) 30 24 18 8 6 7 11 22 O th er $1 2 8 $3 $250-$499..................................................... $500-$749................................................... $750-$999...................................................... $1,000-$1,249.............................................. $1,250-$1,499 _........................................... Types II and III 31 (4) O th er ( 6) (3) ( 2) p e n d itu r es E q u ip m e n t for g a m es and sp o r ts T o ta l 12 1 1 6 9 8 22 28 10 64 7 9 10 9 11 10 20 22 29 28 37 34 75 96 Footnotes for Tables in Expenditure Tabular Summary C o l u m b ia and M o b il e tab le ( W h it e ) 1 » S ee g lo ssa r y , a p p e n d ix B , for e lig ib ility r e q u ire m e n ts. 3 M o n e y in c o m e is e q u a l to th e s u m o f m o n e y e x p e n d itu r e (c o lu m n 7) p lu s n e t su r p lu s or d e fic it (c o lu m n 8 ) p lu s n e t b a la n c in g d ifferen ce (c o lu m n 9 ). 3 N o n m o n e y in c o m e fro m h o u s in g in c lu d e s im p u te d in c o m e fro m o w n e d fa m ily or v a c a tio n h o m e s p lu s r e n t r e ce iv ed as p a y or g ift (a v era g e a m o u n ts b a se d o n a ll fa m ilie s, w h e th e r or n o t t h e y rep o r te d s u c h n o n m o n e y in c o m e ). 4 I n c lu d e s p u r ch a ses o n ca sh or c r ed it b a sis. D o e s n o t in c lu d e m o n e y d isb u r s e m e n ts r e su ltin g in a n in crea se in fa m ily a sse ts or a d ecrea se in lia b ilitie s. (E x a m p le s o f d isb u r s e m e n ts n o t tr e a te d a s e x p e n d itu r e s w ill b e fo u n d in th e g lo ssa r y , a p p e n d ix 3.) 5 See g lo ssa r y , a p p e n d ix B , for d e fin itio n s o f su r p lu s a n d d e fic it. 8 R e p r e s e n ts th e a v era g e n e t d ifferen ce b e tw e e n rep o rted m o n e y r e ce ip ts a n d rep o rted m o n e y d is b u r s e m e n ts . S ee g lo ssa r y , a p p e n d ix B . A m a x im u m b a la n c in g d ifferen ce w it h in 5.5 p e r c e n t w a s a llo w a b le o n ea ch s ch e d u le . T A B L E 1- A 1 A su r p lu s r e p r e se n ts a n in crea se in a sse ts or a d ecrea se in lia b ilitie s, or b o th ; a d e fic it r e p r e se n ts a d e crea se in a sse ts or a n in crea se in lia b ilitie s, or b o th . 3 S o m e fa m ilie s rep o r te d n e ith e r su r p lu s n o r d e fic it for th e yea r; th erefo re th e s u m o f c o lu m n s 5 a n d 6 d o es n o t a lw a y s e q u a l 100 p e r c e n t. 3 S in c e th e a v e r a g e a m o u n ts in th e se tw o c o lu m n s are b a se d o n th e n u m b e r o f fa m ilie s r e p o r tin g s u r p lu s or d e fic it, r e s p e c tiv e ly , th e y d o n o t a d d to th e a v e r a g e n e t s u r p lu s or d e fic it s h o w n in c o lu m n 4 for a ll fa m ilie s . TABLE 2 i T h e a v era g es in th is ta b le in c lu d e m o n e y e x p e n d itu r e for g o o d s a n d ser v ice s p u r ch a sed o n e ith e r ca sh or c r e d it b a sis. T h e y d o n o t in c lu d e v a lu e o f g o o d s a n d ser v ice s r e c e iv e d w it h o u t m o n e y e x p e n se . A v e r a g es are b a se d o n a ll fa m ilie s, w h e th e r or n o t th e y r e p o rted e x p e n d itu r e s for th e s p e c ifie d c a teg o ries. 3 H o u s in g e x p e n d itu r e s in c lu d e th e m o n e y e x p e n se o f h o m e o w n er s a n d r e n t co n tra cte d for b y r e n tin g fa m ilie s, for fa m ily h o m e s a n d o th e r h o u s in g . T h e v a lu e o f fu e l, lig h t, a n d refrig era tio n is in c lu d e d w h e n fu r n ish e d b y th e la n d lo r d a n d in c lu d e d in th e r e n ta l ra te. 3 I n c lu d e s a ll e x p e n d itu r e s for o p er a tio n a n d m a in te n a n c e (see ta b le 8 ), a n d th e n e t p u r ch a se p rice (g ross p rice le ss tr a d e-in a llo w a n c e ) o f a u to m o b ile s b o u g h t d u r in g th e sch e d u le y e a r . T h e p r o p o r tio n o f a u to m o b ile e x p e n se c h a rg ea b le to b u s in e s s h a s b e e n d e d u c te d . S ee g lo ssa r y , a p p e n d ix B . 4 I n c lu d e s p a id a d m is sio n s , e q u ip m e n t a n d s u p p lie s for g a m es, sp o r ts, a n d o th e r r e crea tio n , c lu b d u e s, a n d th e lik e . D o e s n o t in c lu d e e x p e n se for tr a n sp o r ta tio n , foo d , or lo d g in g w h ile o n v a c a tio n . 3 T a x e s in c lu d e o n ly p o ll, in c o m e , a n d p erso n a l p r o p e rty ta x es. A ll o th e r ta x es, su c h as th o s e o n real e s ta te , a m u s e m e n ts, a n d r e ta il sa les ta x es, are in c lu d e d as a p a rt o f th e e x p e n d itu r e for th e se ite m s. G ifts d o n o t in c lu d e g ifts fro m o n e m e m b e r o f th e e c o n o m ic fa m ily to a n o th e r . TABLE 3 1 I n c lu d e s e x p e n d itu r e s for b o a rd a t sch o o l, w h ic h a m o u n te d to le ss th a n 5 p e r c e n t o f a v e r a g e fo o d e x p e n s e for a ll fa m ilies. A m o n g fa m ilie s in th e b u s in e s s a n d p ro fessio n a l c a teg o ries, it a m o u n te d a t m o s t to a n a v e r a g e o f $46, a t th e in c o m e le v e l $5,000 a n d o v e r . F o r fa m ilie s o f ty p e s I V a n d V , it a m o u n te d a t m o s t to $39, a t th e le v e l $4,000 a n d o v er. 3 S ee g lo ssa r y , a p p e n d ix B , for m e th o d o f d e r iv in g th is figu re. TABLE 4 i In c lu d e s h o u s in g e x p e n d itu r e for b o th o w n er s a n d ren ters. A v e r a g e a m o u n ts for r e n tin g fa m ilie s b a se d o n r e n ta l ra te c o n tr a c te d for. V a lu e o f fu e l, lig h t, a n d refrig era tio n is in c lu d e d w h e n fu r n is h e d b y th e la n d lo rd a n d in c lu d e d in th e r e n ta l ra te. S ee ta b le 4 -A for p e r c e n ta g e o f fa m ilie s for w h o m th e se fa c ilitie s w ere in c lu d e d as p a rt o f th e r e n t. 3 S ee ta b le 4 -A for sep a r a tio n o f e x p e n se for o w n in g a n d r e n tin g fa m ilie s. 3 I n c lu d e s n e t m o n e y e x p e n d itu r e for o w n e d or r e n te d v a c a tio n h o m e s, lo d g in g w h ile tr a v e lin g or o n v a c a tio n , a n d r o o m a t sch o o l. * S ee g lo ssa r y , a p p e n d ix B , for m e th o d o f d e r iv in g th is fig u re. I n c lu d e s n o n m o n e y in c o m e fro m o w n e d v a c a tio n h o m e s, w h ic h a m o u n te d a t m o st to a n a v era g e o f le ss th a n $1 for a ll fa m ilie s a t a n y in c o m e le v e l. * P e r c e n ta g e s b a se d o n th e a v e ra g e v a lu e o f a ll h o u sin g (c o lu m n 6 ). 218 TABULAR SUMMARY 219 T A B L E 4 -A 1 T h e s e tw o p e r c e n ta g es d o n o t a lw a y s a d d to 100, s in c e fa m ilie s th a t b o th o w n e d a n d r e n te d d u r in g t h e y e a r , o r r e c e iv e d r e n t a s g ift o r p a y , a re n o t in c lu d e d in c o lu m n s 4 th r o u g h 7. 2 P e r c e n ta g e s b a se d o n r e n tin g fa m ilie s r e p o r tin g th e se fa c ilitie s in c lu d e d in r e n t a t th e e n d o f t h e s c h e d u le y ea r. TABLE 5 i E x c lu d e s v a lu e o f fu e l, lig h t, a n d r efrig era tio n fu r n ish e d b y th e la n d lo r d a n d in c lu d e d in th e r e n ta l ra te. F u e l r e c e iv e d w it h o u t m o n e y e x p e n se is n o t in c lu d e d in th is a v e r a g e , b u t a m o u n te d to le ss th a n 5 p e r c e n t o f m o n e y e x p e n se for fu e l, lig h t, a n d refrig era tio n for a ll fa m ilie s w it h in c o m e s o f $ 1,000 or o v e r . * S ee g lo ssa r y , a p p e n d ix B , for it e m s in c lu d e d . TABLE 6 1 V a lu e o f c lo th in g g ifts fro m o n e fa m ily m e m b e r to a n o th e r are in c lu d e d in th e a v e r a g e e x p e n d itu r e for th e m e m b e r r e c e iv in g su c h g ifts. G ifts o f c lo th in g to or fro m in d iv id u a ls o u ts id e th e e c o n o m ic fa m ily are e x c lu d e d . 2 F o r fa m ilie s o f t y p e I , a v e r a g e s a n d p e r c e n ta g es s h o w n in c o lu m n s 7 a n d 10 a re for in d iv id u a ls w h o w ere m e m b e r s o f th e e c o n o m ic fa m ily le s s th a n 27 w e e k s , a n d w e r e th erefo re n o t c o n sid er e d e q u iv a le n t m e m b e r s in d e te r m in in g fa m ily ty p e . S e e g lo ssa r y , a p p e n d ix B , for m e th o d o f c la s sify in g fa m ilie s b y ty p e . TABLE 7 1 S ee g lo ssa r y , a p p e n d ix B , for ite m s in c lu d e d . TABLE 8 1 T o o b ta in th e a v e r a g e e x p e n se o f o p er a tio n for fa m ilie s o w n in g a u to m o b ile s , d iv id e th e a v e r a g e s h o w n in th is c o lu m n b y th e c o r r esp o n d in g fig u re in c o lu m n 4 a n d m u ltip ly b y 100. 2 T o o b ta in th e a v e ra g e n e t p u r ch a se p rice (g ross p rice le ss tr a d e-in a llo w a n c e ) for fa m ilie s p u r c h a s in g a u to m b o ile s, d iv id e th e a v era g e s h o w n in th is c o lu m n b y th e co rresp o n d in g fig u re in c o lu m n 5 a n d m u lt ip ly b y 100 . TABLE 9 1 S ee g lo ssa r y , a p p e n d ix B , for ite m s in c lu d e d . FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 22 0 SOUTHEAST, 2 MIDDLE-SIZED CITIES T 1.— Balance of family income and expenditure: Number of eligible families, number reporting expenditures, average net money and nonmoney income, average money expenditure for family living, net surplus or deficit, and balancing difference, by occupation, family type, and income, in 1 year, 1935-86 able [N e g r o n o n r e lie f fa m ilie s in c lu d in g h u s b a n d a n d w ife, b o th n a tiv e b o rn ] N u m b e r o f fa m ilies O c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p , fa m ily ty p e , a n d in c o m e cla ss ( 1) R e p o r t E lig ib le 1 inegn e xi p d tu r es ( 2) (3) A v e r a g e n e t in c o m e T o ta l (4) A verage m oney e x p e n d i N o n tu r e for fa o e M o n e y 2 mfronm y liv m ilyi in g h o u s in g 3 (5) ( 6) A verage A verage n e t s u r n e t b a l p lu s or a n cin g d e fic it d iffer ence * (-)• (7) (8) (9) A l l fa m ilie s 1,111 $178 370 591 817 1,0 4 0 $14 14 17 32 71 $214 376 580 783 1, 001 —$34 -5 96 $192 384 608 849 75 14 14 17 39 1 ,383 1, 613 1,893 2 ,1 4 6 2 ,3 6 4 3 ,150 1 ,2 8 8 1, 528 1, 910 2,0 5 3 2,1 5 5 3 ,0 8 7 95 85 -1 7 93 209 63 1, 270 1,4 1 8 1,623 1 ,554 1, 876 2 ,0 5 0 16 123 264 470 279 1 ,1 0 9 263 973 23 196 385 607 847 1,108 1,377 180 372 593 822 1,047 1,304 16 13 14 25 61 73 215 378 581 787 -3 3 -5 142 371 617 862 33 49 97 109 2 198 354 560 740 1 ,0 0 5 U n d e r $250__________________ . $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $ 1 ,0 0 0-$1,249___________________ 280 1,041 1, 095 518 218 29 140 140 $ 1 ,25 0-$1,499___________________ $ 1 ,50 0-$1,749___________________ $1,75 0-$1,999___________________ $2,00 0-$2,249___________________ $ 2 ,25 0-$2,499___________________ $2,500 a n d o v e r ___ _ 20 11 122 12 10 11 16 5 12 30 39 —$2 -1 -1 4 (*) 2 -1 3 23 29 (*) -7 2 O ccu p a tio n a l g ro u p : W age earner U n d e r $250____________________ $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $ 1,00 0-$1,249___________________ $ 1 ,25 0-$1,499___________________ C lerica l , b u sin ess an d p ro fessio n a l U n d e r $250____________________ $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,00 0-$1,249___________________ $ 1 ,2 5 0-$1,499___________________ $ 1 ,50 0-$1,749___________________ $ 1,75 0-$1,999___________________ $ 2 ,0 0 0-$2,249___________________ $ 2,25 0-$2,499___________________ $2,500 a n d o v e r ________________ 1, 016 468 174 56 17 88 92 77 67 28 6 1,000 1,203 12 29 48 94 68 79 50 44 52 48 45 29 1,122 140 338 568 765 1,013 19 14 14 17 11 12 10 11 16 5 1,4 0 0 1,613 1,893 2,1 4 6 2 ,3 6 4 3 ,150 1,241 1,528 1,910 2,053 2 ,155 3 ,0 8 7 159 85 -1 7 93 209 63 1 ,4 6 6 1,4 1 8 1,623 1, 554 1,876 2 ,0 5 0 123 264 470 279 1 ,1 0 9 151 457 451 183 75 13 48 52 31 26 174 382 616 832 1 ,1 1 5 156 366 606 801 1 ,0 3 7 18 16 193 361 580 762 1 ,0 3 3 -3 6 5 27 29 5 20 11 -2 -1 6 —1 (*) 7 -5 4 -1 0 10 34 6 -2 1 2 -4 -6 -2 -9 2 -1 3 -1 3 23 29 (*) -7 2 F a m ily ty p e : T y p e I U n d e r $250____________________ $250- $499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $ 1,00 0-$1,249___________________ 10 31 78 12 7 79 $1,2 5 0 -$ 1 ,4 9 9 _______________— 1 ,3 8 0 1 ,3 0 1 1 ,2 7 2 $ l,5 0 0 -$ 2 ,2 4 9 ___________________ 7 7 1,7 9 7 114 1,9 1 1 1 ,5 4 9 4 2, 482 2, 239 1 6 $2,250 a n d o v e r ............................... 243 1 ,7 7 9 S ee p . 241 for n o te s o n th is ta b le . •A v e r a g e a m o u n ts o f le ss th a n $1 a n d p e r c e n ta g es o f le ss th a n 0.1 are s h o w n . 11 251 484 (*) -1 -1 10 -1 18 -3 -2 4 TABULAR SUM M ARY SO U TH EA ST, T 221 2 M ID D L E -S IZ E D C IT IE S 1.— Balance of family income and expenditure: N um ber of eligible fa m ilie s , num ber reportin g expen ditu res, average net m oney and nonm oney in com e, average m oney expenditure fo r fa m ily living, net su rplu s or deficit, and balancing difference, by occupation, fa m ily type, and incom e, in 1 year, 1935—86 —Continued able N um ber of fam ilies O ccupational group, fam ily typ e, and incom e class U) R eport E ligible ing ex pendi tures (2) (3) A verage net incom e T otal (4) Average m oney e x p e n d i N o n ture for fam M oney m oney liv inily from g housing (5) (6) (7) A verage A verage net sur net bal plus or ancing deficit differ ence (-) (8) (9) Types II and III U nder $250........................ .......... $250-$499___________ ______ $500-$749-----------------------------$750-$999_________ __________ $1,000-$1,249________________ $1,250-$1,499................................. $l,500-$2,249---------- -------------$2,250 and over_____________ 77 339 292 130 44 19 16 6 10 51 44 38 32 13 12 5 $223 374 593 837 1,090 1,384 1,843 2,347 $205 365 581 806 1,017 1,309 1,753 2,160 $18 9 12 31 73 75 90 187 $217 379 591 765 945 1,223 1,344 1,879 -$ 1 0 -1 1 -1 0 36 67 95 412 240 52 245 352 205 99 44 22 19 6 41 44 53 38 19 14 12 198 401 609 871 1,117 1,383 1,941 2,787 198 383 580 837 1,052 1,276 1,927 2,667 18 29 34 65 107 14 120 269 399 570 812 1,002 1,290 1,666 2,007 -6 8 -1 6 10 26 52 -1 6 229 707 —$2 -3 5 5 -9 -3 41 (*) Types I V and V U nder $250 _______ _________ $250~$499____________________ $500-$749-----------------------------$750-$999------ --------- -------------$1,000— $1,249------- ----------------$1,250-$1,499._______________ $l,500-$2,249................................. $2,250 and over--------------------- •A verage am ounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not show n. (*) C) -3 -1 -2 2 32 -4 7 F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S 222 SO U TH EA ST, T able 2 M ID D L E -S IZ E D C IT IE S 1-A.— Net surplus or deficit: Percentage of fa m ilies having a su rplu s or deficit, and average am ounts reported, by occupation, fa m ily type, and incom e, in 1 year, 1985— 1 36 [Negro nonrelief fam ilies including husband and w ife, both n ative born] N um ber of fam ilies O ccupational group, fam ily type, and incom e class (1) A verage n et surplus or R eporting deficit E ligible expendi (-) tures (3) (4) (2) Percentage of fam A verage am ount for ilies having 2— fam ilies having 3— Surplus D eficit Surplus D eficit (5) (6) (7) (8) All families U nder $250____________________ $250-$499______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249 _ _______________ $2^250-$2^499___________________ $2,500 and over ______________ 280 1.041 1,095 518 218 75 14 14 17 20 11 29 140 140 122 96 39 12 10 11 16 5 —$34 -5 12 30 39 16 123 264 470 279 1,109 27 49 60 78 79 72 86 93 100 81 100 57 24 23 14 20 24 14 7 19 $11 18 40 67 83 148 254 328 470 359 1,109 $65 59 52 162 138 381 664 577 63 U nder $250------------------ -----------$250-$499_______ _______________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999----------------------------------$1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499_..........................— 263 973 1,016 468 174 56 23 88 92 77 67 28 -3 3 -5 12 29 48 94 29 50 60 77 83 76 55 23 23 14 17 19 10 20 40 65 84 141 65 66 52 150 121 72 U nder $250____________________ $250-$499______________________ $500-$749______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $1,500-$1,749___________________ $1,750-$1,999___________________ $2,000-$2,249 __________________ $2,250-$2,499___________________ $2,500 and over________________ 17 68 79 50 44 19 14 14 17 20 11 6 52 48 45 29 11 12 10 11 16 5 -5 4 -1 0 10 34 6 -2 1 2 123 264 470 279 1,109 32 68 82 67 58 86 93 100 81 100 U nder $250____________________ $250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and over________________ 151 457 451 183 75 12 7 6 13 48 52 31 26 7 7 4 -3 6 5 27 29 5 11 251 484 23 52 65 86 71 72 100 78 53 12 16 6 26 28 22 13 21 56 71 63 197 251 627 74 52 58 525 152 471 18 U nder $250------------------------------$250-$499----------------------------------$500-$749_______________________ $750-$999_______________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and over__________ ___ See p. 241 for notes on th is table. 77 339 292 130 44 19 16 6 10 51 44 38 32 13 12 5 -1 0 -1 1 -1 0 36 67 95 412 240 42 54 52 74 87 79 94 80 47 33 30 15 13 15 6 20 10 15 29 60 108 171 478 303 30 58 83 61 213 270 576 10 Occupational group: Wage earner Clerical, business and profes sional Family type: Type I Types II and III 85 38 23 9 29 36 14 7 19 16 40 73 87 177 254 328 470 359 1,109 64 39 74 277 181 872 664 577 63 TABULAR SUMMARY SO U TH EA ST, T able 223 2 M ID D L E -S IZ E D C IT IE S 1-A.— Net surplus or deficit: Percentage of fa m ilies having a su rplu s or deficit, and average am ounts reported, by occupation, fa m ily type, and incom e, in 1 year, 1 98 5-36 —Continued O ccupational group, fam ily type, and incom e class CD N um ber of fam ilies A verage net sur plus or R eporting deficit E ligible expendi (-) tures (2) (3) (4) Percentage of fami- A verage am ount for ilies having— fam ilies having— Surplus D eficit Surplus D eficit (5) (6) (7) (8) Types I V and V U nder $250------------------------------$250-$499_______________________ $500-$749_______________________ $750-$999______________________ $1,000-$1,249_____________ ______ $1,250-$1,499___________________ $l,500-$2,249___________________ $2,250 and over_________ _______ 52 245 352 205 99 44 22 19 6 41 44 53 38 19 14 12 —$68 -1 6 10 26 52 -1 6 229 707 17 37 62 73 82 68 91 93 83 35 26 20 18 26 9 7 $6 22 26 65 84 123 319 768 $83 69 23 108 95 380 667 168 T a b l e 2 .— Summary of family expenditure: 2 M ID D L E -S IZ E D C IT IE S Average m oney expenditure fo r specified groups of goods and services, by occupation, fa m ily type, and income, in 1 year, 1 93 5-86 1 224 SO U TH EA ST, [Negro nonrelief fam ilies including husband and wife, both n ative born] Occupational group, fam ily type, and incom e class 0) A ver age num ber of R ep ort persons E ligi ing ex per ble pendi fam ily tures (2) (3) (4) Household operation T otal Food (5) (6) Con tribu FurOther niture C loth A uto trans Per M edi Recre T o R ead For tions Other H ous Fuel, mal and m o sonal cal in g 3 light, edu and equip ing bile 3 porta care care ation 4 bacco ing cation per item s tion sonal and Other m ent ta x es8 refrig eration (20) (21) (12) (13) (7) (19) (17) (18) (15) (16) (10) (14) (9) (8) (11) Average m oney expenditure in dollars A ll families Under $250__________ $250-$499____ _______ $50Q-$749____________ $750-$999____________ $1,000-$1,249________ $1,250-$1,499________ $1,500-$1,749________ $1,750-$1,999________ $2,000-$2,249________ $2,250-$2,499................. $2,500 and over-------- 280 1,041 1,095 518 218 75 14 14 17 20 11 29 140 140 122 96 39 12 10 11 16 5 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 3.8 3.2 4.1 3.8 3.5 3.9 214 376 580 783 1,001 1,270 1,418 1,623 1, 554 1,876 2,050 82 151 219 274 333 384 409 504 465 457 562 72 80 88 101 102 95 130 265 143 133 243 20 39 50 64 79 78 114 110 115 115 123 8 10 15 23 32 43 79 39 68 109 148 2 7 17 29 53 49 20 124 42 107 108 9 29 62 99 128 187 172 169 197 234 334 1 12 12 42 106 172 74 106 268 58 (*) 1 6 11 17 21 13 14 24 9 20 5 11 17 24 28 30 32 44 25 40 54 8 22 40 52 66 93 86 88 91 98 162 1 2 11 15 26 36 26 43 42 50 36 3 9 17 17 27 27 21 22 20 43 48 1 4 5 8 11 13 11 16 17 19 22 1 2 2 7 7 35 27 55 46 31 2 8 18 37 48 52 105 55 152 150 125 (*) (*) 1 10 2 21 1 1 1 13 7 0.5 .5 1.9 1.9 2.6 1.4 2.4 2.9 2.2 2.7 0.5 1.1 .9 1.0 1.1 0.5 .5 .3 .9 .7 0.9 2.1 3.1 4.7 4.8 0.1 .1 .2 1.3 .2 Percentage of total m oney expenditures A ll families U nder $250 $250-$499____________ $500-$749____________ $750-$999____________ $1,000-$!,249................. 280 1,041 1,095 518 218 29 140 140 122 96 2.8 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 38.2 40.1 37.8 35.0 33.2 33.6 21.2 15.2 12.9 10.2 9.3 10.4 8.6 8.2 7.9 3.7 2.6 2.6 2.9 3.2 0.9 1.9 2.9 3.7 5.3 4.2 7.7 10.7 12.6 12.8 0.4 2.1 1.6 4.2 0.2 .3 1.0 1.4 1.7 2.3 2.9 2.9 3.1 2.8 3.7 5.8 6.9 6.6 6.6 F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S N um ber of fam ilies $1,250-$1,499________ $1,500-$1,749________ $1,750-$1,999________ $2,000-$2,249________ $2,250-$2,499________ $2,500 and over ----- 75 14 14 17 20 11 39 12 10 11 16 5 3.8 3.2 4.1 3.8 3.5 3.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 30.2 28.8 31.1 29.9 24.4 27.4 7.5 9.2 16.3 9.2 7.1 11.9 6.1 8.0 6.8 7.4 6.1 6.0 3.4 5.6 2.4 4.4 5.8 7.2 3.9 1.4 7.6 2.7 5.7 5.3 263 973 1,016 468 174 56 23 88 92 77 67 28 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.5 4.0 215 378 581 787 1,000 1,203 82 152 221 275 341 372 72 80 88 104 107 110 21 39 50 64 81 81 8 10 14 22 29 33 2 7 17 30 51 62 23 88 92 77 67 28 2.9 3.0 3.1 3.3 3.5 4.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 38.0 40.2 38.0 35.0 34.1 31.0 33.3 21.2 15.1 13.2 10.7 9.1 9.7 10.3 8.6 8.1 8.1 6.7 7.3 6.1 5.3 5.8 5.2 7.9 2.8 1.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 1.8 2.1 1.5 1.4 1.3 2.3 2.3 1.0 .8 1.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 2.8 1.9 3.4 3.0 1.6 4.1 7.4 3.4 9.8 8.0 6.1 1 2 12 15 27 36 3 9 17 18 27 27 1 4 5 8 9 11 1 2 2 7 7 33 1 8 19 37 48 46 0.5 .5 2.1 1.9 2.7 3.0 1.4 2.4 2.9 2.3 2.7 2.2 0. 5 1.0 .9 1.0 .9 .9 0.5 .5 .3 .9 .7 2.7 0.5 2.1 3.3 4.7 4.8 3.8 2 7 10 13 27 28 21 22 20 43 48 1 5 8 11 16 21 11 16 17 19 1.7 .1 .1 .1 .7 .3 9 30 62 100 130 193 (*) 12 9 27 26 (•) 1 5 11 16 22 6 11 16 24 29 32 8 22 39 51 68 103 (*) 1 2 12 3 16 3.7 2.6 2.4 2.9 2.9 2.7 0.9 1.8 2.9 3.8 5.1 5.2 4.2 7.9 10.7 12.7 13.0 16.1 0.2 2.1 1.1 2.7 2.2 0.2 .3 .9 1.4 1.6 1.8 2.8 2.9 2.8 3.0 2.9 2.7 3.7 5.8 6.7 6.5 6.8 8.6 0.1 .3 .3 1.5 .3 1.3 Average m oney expenditure in dollars 17 68 79 50 44 19 14 14 17 20 11 6 52 48 45 29 11 12 10 11 16 5 2.2 2.6 3.1 3.4 3.0 3.3 3.2 4.1 3.8 3.5 3 .9 198 354 560 740 1,005 1,466 1,418 1,623 1,554 1,876 2,050 84 142 192 269 302 419 409 504 465 457 562 80 79 81 68 83 53 130 265 143 133 243 12 36 52 64 72 71 114 110 115 115 123 4 11 24 29 44 73 79 39 68 109 148 (*) 2 13 26 60 10 20 124 42 107 108 4 24 65 88 123 167 172 169 197 234 334 3 21 33 95 342 172 74 106 268 58 3 8 10 21 18 13 14 24 9 20 2 10 19 21 25 22 32 25 40 54 44 8 22 42 55 56 60 86 88 91 98 162 (*) 3 6 13 22 35 26 43 42 50 36 22 (*) 1 2 8 9 40 27 55 46 31 1 6 15 32 49 68 105 55 152 150 125 (*) (*) C) 2 1 39 1 1 1 13 7 225 See p. 241amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. ♦ Average for notes on this table. 2.4 2.3 2.7 1.6 2.1 2.6 TABULAR SUMMARY 263 973 1,016 468 174 56 Clerical, business, and professional U nder $250 $250-$499____________ $500-$749____________ $750-$999____________ $1,000-$1,249________ $1,250-$1,499________ $1,500-$1,749________ $1,750-$1,999________ $2,000-$2,249________ $2,250~$2,499________ $2,500 and over____ 1.7 .9 .9 1.5 .5 1.0 Percentage of total m oney expenditures Wage earner U nder $250. _ $250-$499____________ $500-$749____________ $750-$999____________ $1,000-$1,249________ $1,250-$1,499________ 8.3 12.1 4.5 6.8 14.3 2.8 A verage m oney expenditure in dollars Occupational group: Wage earner Under $250__________ $250-$499____________ $500-$749____________ $750-$999____________ $1,000-$1,249........... $1,250-$1,499________ 14.7 12.1 10.4 12.7 12.5 16.3 of family expenditure: Average money expenditure for specified groups of goods and services, by occupation, fam ily type, and income, in 1 year, 1935-36 — Continued Occupational group, family type, and Report income class Eligi ing ex ble pendi tures (1) Clerical, business, and professional Under $250_______ $250-$499_________ $500-$749_________ $750-$999_________ $1,000-$1,249______ $1,250-$1,499______ $1,500-$1,749______ $1,750-$1,999______ $2,000-$2,249______ $2,250-$2,499______ $2,500 and over____ Family type: Type I Under $250_________ $250-$499___________ $500-$749___________ $750-$999___________ $1,000-~$1,249_______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $l,500-$2,249_______ $2,250 and over_____ (2) (3) Aver age num ber of Total persons per family (4) (5) Household operation Food C6) Con tribu Fur Other niture Cloth Auto trans Per Medi Recre To Read For tions Other mal Hous Fuel, sonal cal and mo edu and ing light, equip ing bile porta care care ation bacco ing cation per items tion sonal and Other ment taxes refrig eration (10) (ID (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (8) (7) (9) Percentage of total money expenditures 17 68 79 50 44 19 14 14 17 20 11 6 52 48 45 29 11 12 10 11 16 5 2.2 2.6 3.1 3.4 3.0 3.3 3.2 4.1 3.8 3.5 3.9 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 42.3 40.1 34.3 36.4 29.9 28.6 28.8 31.1 29.9 24.4 27.4 40.3 22.3 14.5 9.2 8.2 3.6 9.2 16.3 9.2 7.1 11.9 6.1 10.2 9.3 8.6 7.2 4.8 8.0 6.8 7.4 6.1 6.0 2.0 3.1 4.3 3.9 4.4 5.0 5.6 2.4 4.4 5.8 7.2 0.2 .3 2.3 3.5 6.0 .7 1.4 7.6 2.7 5.7 5.3 2.0 6.8 11.6 11.9 12.2 11.4 12.1 10.4 12.7 12.5 16.3 0.9 3.8 4.4 9.5 23.4 12.1 4.5 6.8 14.3 2.8 0.8 1.4 1.4 2.1 1.2 .9 .9 1.5 .5 1.0 1.0 2.8 3.4 2.8 2.5 1.5 2.3 2.7 1.6 2.1 2.6 4.0 6.2 7.5 7.4 5.6 4.1 6.1 5.3 5.8 5.2 7.9 (*) 1.1 1.1 1.8 2.2 2.4 1.8 2.7 2.7 2.7 1.8 1.0 2.0 1.8 1.8 2.7 1.9 1.5 1.4 1.3 2.3 2.3 0.5 1.4 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.4 .8 1.0 1.1 1.0 1 2 1 11 15 20 28 47 43 61 5 5 7 11 13 16 1.1 0.1 .3 .3 LI .9 2.7 1.9 3.4 3.0 1.6 0.5 1.7 2.7 4.3 4.9 (*) (•) 0.3 (•) 4.6 7.4 2.7 .1 3.4 9.8 8.0 6.1 .1 .1 .1 .7 .3 Average money expenditure in dollars 151 457 451 183 75 12 7 6 13 48 52 31 26 7 7 4 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 193 361 580 762 1,033 1,272 1,549 1,779 67 146 220 258 304 336 409 513 75 73 89 85 110 97 148 63 19 41 50 66 78 82 119 74 6 10 16 25 33 56 99 78 (*) 6 15 36 71 65 42 84 9 27 52 89 121 124 170 192 (*) 18 17 73 261 82 288 1 1 7 11 14 16 28 13 5 9 16 22 28 30 36 41 7 21 45 58 68 89 112 90 7 11 32 19 65 50 1 19 (*) 1 (*) 9 (•) 2 23 51 6 58 4 37 178 2 213 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES Number of families 226 T able 2. — Summary SOUTH EAST, 2 M IDDLE-SIZED CITIES Type 1 Under $250___ $250-$499____ $500-$749____ $750-$999____ $1,000-$1,249_... $1,250-$1,499__ $l,500-$2,249__ $2,250 and over. Percentage of total money expenditures 151 457 451 183 75 12 7 6 13 48 52 31 26 7 7 4 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 2.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 34.7 40.4 37.9 33.9 29.4 26.4 26.4 28.8 38.9 20.2 15.3 11.2 10.6 7. 6 9.6 3.5 9.9 11.3 8.6 8.7 7.5 ff.4 7.7 4.1 3.1 1.7 2.8 (*) 2.8 2.6 3.3 4.7 3.2 6.9 4.4 5.1 6.4 2.7 4.4 4.7 1. 3 1.8 .7 2.6 2.5 2.8 2.9 2.7 2.4 2.3 2.3 4.1 5.8 7.8 7.6 6.6 7.0 7.2 5.1 0.5 1.4 .9 .9 (*) 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.1 0.5 .6 1.2 1.4 3.1 1. 5 4.2 2.9 0.5 3.0 2.6 2.6 2.7 3.7 2.8 3.4 (*) 3 19 21 23 40 34 61 6 8 21 17 24 20 12 31 C) (*) 0.8 3.2 2.7 2.4 3.3 2.5 3.2 2.8 2.1 3.6 2.2 2.5 1.6 .9 1.6 (*) 1.0 1.0 1.3 1.4 1.0 2.5 4.0 6.7 5.6 2.9 11.5 12.0 0.1 .3 .8 .4 (*) 1 10 51 44 38 32 13 12 5 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.2 217 379 591 765 945 1,223 1,344 1,879 95 154 220 267 328 356 390 385 60 82 83 111 88 101 131 132 25 37 49 64 68 70 117 136 9 11 12 22 33 52 51 112 1 7 18 33 44 66 69 226 7 26 70 98 116 159 152 275 3 11 12 41 113 187 301 1 1 5 6 15 23 14 2 4 11 18 23 29 31 26 39 6 23 39 48 62 85 57 56 4 6 10 13 13 14 20 1 2 4 5 2 6 16 23 51 67 82 96 C) 1 C) 5 3 20 1 0.5 .5 .7 .7 0.9 1.6 2.7 3.0 5.4 5.5 6.1 5.1 (•) 0.3 (•) 7 7 7 7 Percentage of total money expenditures 77 339 292 130 44 19 16 6 10 51 44 38 32 13 12 5 3.5 3.4 3.3 3.4 3.3 3.5 3.4 3.2 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 43.8 40.6 37.2 34.9 34.7 29.1 29.0 20.5 27.6 21.6 14.0 14.5 9.3 8.3 9.8 7.0 11.5 9.8 8.3 8.4 7.2 5.7 8.7 7.2 4.1 2.9 2.0 2.9 3.5 4.2 3.8 6.0 0.5 1.8 3.1 4.3 4.6 5.4 5.1 12.0 3.2 6.9 11.8 12.8 12.3 13.0 11.3 14.6 0.8 1.9 1.5 4.4 9.2 13.9 16.1 0.5 .3 .8 .8 1.6 1.9 1.1 .1 1.8 2.9 3.1 3.0 3.1 2.5 1.9 2.1 2.8 6.1 6.6 6.3 6.6 7.0 4.3 3.0 1.1 1.0 1.1 .7 .6 .5 .4 TABULAR SUMMARY 77 339 292 130 44 19 16 6 Types I I and III Under $250_______ $250-$499_............... $500-$749________ $750-$999________ $1,000-$1,249______ $1,250-$1,499______ $l,500-$2,249______ $2,250 and over____ 0.5 .3 1.2 1.4 1.4 Average money expenditure in dollars Types I I and I II Under $250______ $250-$499_______ $500-$749_______ $750-$999_______ $1,000-$1,249_____ $1,250-$1,499_____ $l,500-$2,249__...... . $2,250 and over___ 3.6 7.5 8.9 (*) 3.1 11.7 2.2 11.7 7.1 9. 7 20. 6 11.0 5.3 10.8 16.2 .7 .3 1.6 .1 •Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. fcO fcO of family Occupational group, family type, and Report income class Eligi ing ex ble pendi tures (1) Types IV and V Under $250 __ $250-$499___________ $500-$749___________ $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249 _____ $1,250-$1,499_______ $l,500-$2,249_______ $2,250 and over_____ Types IV and V Under $250 $250-$499 . $500-$749___________ $750-$999___________ $1,000-$1,249 _______ $1,250-$1,499_______ $l,500-$2,249_______ $2,250 and over ___ (2) (3) Aver age num ber of Total persons per family (4) (5) Household operation Con FurFor tribu Other niture Cloth Auto trans Per Medi Recre To Read mal tions Other and mo Food Hous Fuel, sonal cal edu and ing light, equip ing bile porta care care ation bacco ing cation per items tion and Other ment sonal refrig taxes eration (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) Average money expenditure in dollars 52 245 352 205 99 44 22 19 6 41 44 53 38 19 14 12 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.4 4. 5 4.4 4.5 4.4 269 399 570 812 1,002 1,290 1,666 2,007 107 157 218 293 358 409 526 523 82 88 90 109 102 92 220 219 18 36 50 64 85 82 109 127 8 8 17 21 43 37 61 77 11 37 67 108 139 216 204 293 (*) 6 8 18 61 76 129 2 5 14 20 22 16 17 10 13 17 25 28 29 38 48 10 23 33 47 65 97 105 150 1 2 10 15 22 39 30 38 4 7 14 15 28 24 20 45 2 4 6 8 10 13 16 21 3 3 4 15 12 56 83 30 1 8 14 32 40 49 102 133 C) 2 17 1 28 2 18 0.4 .5 1.8 1.8 2.2 3.0 1.8 1.9 1.5 1.8 2.4 1.8 2.8 1.9 1.2 2.2 0.7 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.1 1.1 .8 .7 1.8 1.2 4.3 5.0 1.5 0.4 2.0 2.4 4.0 4.0 3.8 6.1 6.6 (*) 0.4 2.1 .1 2.2 .1 .9 Percentage of total money expenditures 52 245 352 205 99 44 22 19 6 41 44 53 38 19 14 12 4.2 4.3 4.2 4.4 4.5 4.4 4.5 4.4 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 39.7 39.3 38.2 36.1 35.7 31.7 31.6 26.1 30.5 22.0 15.8 13.4 10.2 7.1 13.2 10.9 6.7 9.0 8.8 7.9 8.5 6.4 6.5 6.3 •Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. 12 11 17 21 31 36 58 139 4. 5 2.8 3.0 2.6 3.1 2.8 3.5 6.9 3.0 2.0 3.0 2.6 4.3 2.9 3.7 3.8 4.1 9.3 11.8 13.3 13.8 16.7 12.2 14.6 1.0 1.0 1.8 4.7 4.5 6.4 (*) 0.5 .9 1.7 2.0 1.7 1.0 .9 3.7 3.2 3.0 3.1 2.8 2.3 2.3 2.4 3.7 5.8 5.8 5.8 6.5 7.5 6.3 7.5 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES Number of families 228 T a b l e 2 .— Summary SOUTHEAST, 2 MIDDLE-SIZED CITIES expenditure: Average money expenditure for specified groups of goods and services, by occupation, fam ily type, and income, in 1 year, 1935-36 — Continued TABULAR SUMMARY 229 SOUTHEAST, 2 MIDDLE-SIZED CITIES T able 3. —Food: Average value of all fa m ily food , money expenditure for food at home and aw ay from home , average value of food home-produced or received as gift or pay, and money expense per meal per food expenditure u n it , by occupation, fa m ily type, and incom e, in 1 year, 1935-86 [Negro nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Average expenditure Percentage of Average Average for food purchased expenditure value of money for food food expendi Average Occupational home- ture per value group, family pro of all meal type, and income duced per food Report family class or re ing ex food At Away At Away ceived expendi Eligible pendi All home from home from hom e1 home as gift uture tures n it2 or pay (2) (4) (3) (6) (7) (8) (9) (1) (10) (5) (ID Number of families A ll families Under $250_______ $250-$499_________ $500-$749_________ $750-$999_________ $1,000-$1,249______ $1,250-1,499 ______ $1,500-$1,749______ $1,750-$1,999______ $2,000-$2,249______ $2,250-$2,499______ $2,500 and over___ 280 1,041 1,095 518 218 75 14 14 17 20 11 29 140 140 122 96 39 12 10 11 16 5 $123 168 232 299 351 426 421 504 477 469 581 $82 151 219 274 333 384 409 504 465 457 562 $81 150 213 264 314 326 377 462 448 416 539 263 973 1,016 468 174 56 23 88 92 77 67 28 123 169 233 301 359 417 82 152 221 275 341 372 82 151 215 266 323 331 17 68 79 50 44 19 14 14 17 20 11 6 52 48 45 29 11 12 10 11 16 5 118 156 215 280 322 454 421 504 477 469 581 84 142 192 269 302 419 409 504 465 457 562 80 141 185 248 280 310 377 462 448 416 539 98.8 99.3 97.3 96.3 94.3 84.9 92.2 91. 7 96.3 91.0 95.9 1.2 .7 2.7 3.7 5.7 15.1 7.8 8.3 37 9.0 4.1 $41 17 13 25 18 42 12 12 12 19 $0.028 .052 .074 .087 .101 .099 .119 . Ill .126 .130 .155 (*) 1 6 9 18 41 99.6 99.3 97.3 96.7 94.7 89.0 .4 .7 2.7 3.3 5.3 11.0 41 17 12 26 18 45 .028 .052 .075 .087 .102 .090 4 1 7 21 22 109 32 42 17 41 23 95.2 99.3 96.4 92.2 92.7 74.0 92.2 91.7 96.3 91.0 95.9 4.8 .7 3.6 7.8 7.3 26.0 7.8 8.3 3.7 9.0 4.1 34 14 23 11 20 35 12 12 12 19 .035 .054 .064 .084 .098 .126 .119 .111 .126 .130 .155 1.4 3.6 3.5 7.9 9. 5 4.2 2.7 46 8 14 18 26 22 3 18 .031 .067 .099 .117 .137 . 165 .185 .240 $1 1 6 10 19 58 32 42 17 41 23 Occupational group: Wage earner Under $250.............. $250-$499_________ $500-$749_________ $750-$999_________ $1,000-$1,249______ $1,250-$1,499______ , Clerical business and professional Under $250............ $250-$499_________ $500-$749_________ $750-$999_________ $1,000-$1,249______ $1,250-$1,499______ $1,500-$1,749______ $1,750-$1,999______ $2,000-$2,249______ $2,250-$2,499______ $2,500 and over___ Family type: Type 1 Under $250._ ___ 113 151 13 67 67 100.0 154 146 144 457 48 2 98.6 $250-$499_________ 52 234 220 212 $500-$749_________ 451 8 96.4 276 258 249 183 31 9 96.5 $750-$999_________ 330 304 280 $1,000-$1,249______ 75 26 24 92.1 12 $1,250-$1,499______ 7 32 90.5 358 336 304 7 412 409 392 $l,500-$2,249______ 7 17 95.8 6 4 531 513 499 14 97.3 $2,250 and over___ See p. 241 for notes on this table. •Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. 230 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES SOUTHEAST, 2 MIDDLE-SIZED CITIES T able 3.—Food: Average value of all fa m ily foody m oney expenditure for food at home and aw ay from homey average value of food home-produced or received as gift or pay, and money expense per meal per food expenditure unity by occupationf fa m ily type, and income, in 1 year , 1935-36 — Continued Average expenditure Percentage of Average Average for food purchased expenditure value of money for food food Average home- expendi Occupational value pro ture per group, family of all meal duced per food type, and income Report family class food At Away At Away or re All home from home from ceived expendi Eligible ing ex pendi ture home home as gift unit tures or pay (4) (5) (6) (7) (2) (3) (8) (10) (9) (1) (ID Number of families Types II and III Under $250_______ $250-$499.................. $500-$749................ $750-$999........... $1,000-$1,249............ $1,250-$1,499............ $l,500-$2,249............ $2,250 and over___ Types IV an d V Under $250______ $250-$499.................. $500-$749_________ $750-$999_________ $1,000-$1,249______ $1,250-$1,499______ $l,500-$2,249______ $2,250 and over___ 77 339 292 130 44 19 16 6 10 51 44 38 32 13 12 5 $123 169 231 292 346 406 393 421 $95 154 220 267 328 356 390 385 $94 153 215 254 305 315 385 375 $1 1 5 13 23 41 5 10 98.9 99.4 97.7 95.1 93.0 88.5 98.7 97.4 1.1 .6 2.3 4.9 7.0 11.5 1.3 2.6 $28 15 11 25 18 50 3 36 $0,028 .046 .065 .080 .097 .094 .106 .116 52 245 352 205 99 44 22 19 6 41 44 53 38 19 14 12 150 194 232 324 371 454 540 529 107 157 218 293 358 409 526 523 105 157 213 284 346 336 475 473 2 98.1 100.0 5 97.7 9 97.0 12 96.7 73 82.2 51 90.3 50 90.4 1.9 2.3 3.0 3.3 17.8 9.7 9.6 43 37 14 31 13 45 14 6 .023 .035 .051 .064 .076 .083 . 108 .114 TABULAR SUM M A RY 231 S O U T H E A S T , 2 M ID D L E -S IZ E D C IT IE S T a b l e 4.— Housing: A verage value of housing secured w ith and w ithout m oney expenditure, by occupation , fa m ily ty p e , and incom e , in 1 yea r , 1 9 8 6 —3 6 [Negro nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Number of families Occupational group, family type, and in come class 0) Aver age value of all housing plus fuel, light, and re friger ation (4) Aver age ex pense for fuel, light, and refrig era tion (5) $111 135 158 198 254 271 332 358 351 465 430 $20 39 50 64 79 78 114 no 115 115 123 $86 94 105 133 173 190 215 248 236 342 306 $72 80 88 101 102 95 130 265 143 133 243 $72 80 88 100 101 89 127 258 140 123 240 23 88 92 77 67 28 113 134 155 194 250 267 21 39 50 64 81 81 88 93 102 129 168 183 72 80 88 104 107 no 72 80 88 103 106 104 6 52 48 45 29 11 12 10 11 16 5 111 151 187 231 269 284 332 358 351 465 430 12 36 52 64 72 71 114 no 115 115 123 82 112 130 165 192 212 215 248 236 342 306 80 79 81 68 83 53 130 265 143 133 243 80 79 81 65 79 46 127 258 140 123 240 Re port Eli ing ex gible pendi tures (2) (3) Average value of housing secured 1 Aver age Without money value With money ex penditure expenditure of all hous ing All Fam Other Rent hous ily hous Total Owned as pay hom e4 or gift ing home2 ing 3 (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) Per centage of hous ing value secured without money expend iture 6 (13) A ll fa m ilies 29 Under $250____ 280 $250-$499______ 1,041 140 $500-$749______ l'095 * 140 122 $750-$999______ '518 218 $1,000-$1,249___ 96 $1,250-$1,499___ 75 39 $1,500-$1,749___ 14 12 $1,750-$1,999___ 14 10 $2,000-$2,249____ 17 11 $2,250-$2,499___ 20 16 11 $2,500 and over. 5 $1 1 6 3 7 3 10 3 $14 14 17 32 71 95 85 -1 7 93 209 63 $9 13 17 32 60 64 67 -1 7 93 179 -2 $5 1 (*) 11 31 18 10 12 14 25 60 73 6 1 1 1 6 16 13 14 25 61 73 3 4 7 3 7 3 10 3 2 33 49 97 109 159 85 -17 93 209 63 30 49 92 58 39 67 -1 7 93 179 -2 30 65 16.3 14.9 16.2 24.1 41.0 50.0 39.6 -6 .8 39.4 61.1 20.6 O ccupational group: W age earner Under $250..263 $250-$499 _____ 973 $500-$749______ 1,016 $750-$999______ 468 $1,000-$1,249___ 174 $1,250-$1,499___ 56 1 18. 2 14.0 13.7 19.4 36.3 39.9 C lerical, bu si ness , an d profes sional Under $250— $250-$499______ $500-$749______ $750-$999______ $1,000-$1,249_— $1,250-$1,499— . $1,500-$1,749____ $1,750-$1,999_„ _ $2,000-$2,249„. _ $2,250-$2,499___ $2,500 and over. 17 68 79 50 44 19 14 14 17 20 11 2 3 5 51 120 18 30 65 2.4 29. 5 37.7 58.8 56.8 75.0 39.6 -6 .8 39.4 61.1 20.6 5 2 1 20 25 125 19.4 18.0 10.1 26.7 41.5 44.9 43.5 79.4 F a m ily typ e: T ype 1 118 19 93 75 75 Under $250........ 151 13 18 131 41 89 73 73 16 $250-$499............ 457 48 $5Q0-$749............ 152 52 50 99 89 89 451 10 182 $750-$999........ 1 31 66 116 85 84 183 31 269 78 188 n o 109 1 78 $1,000-$1,249— . 75 26 259 $1,250-$1,499— . 12 82 176 97 97 79 7 381 119 262 148 148 7 7 $l,500-$2,249.__ 114 380 74 306 63 59 $2,250 and over. 6 4 4 243 See p. 241 for notes on this table. ♦ Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. 125018°— 40 -16 13 14 10 30 58 54 114 123 F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S 23 2 S O U T H E A S T , 2 M ID D L E -S IZ E D C IT IE S T a b l e 4.— Housing: A verage value of housing secured w ith an d w ithout m oney expen ditu ref by occupation , fa m ily ty p e , and in com e , in 1 yea r , 1 9 3 5 -3 6 —Con. Number of families Occupational group, family type, and in come class (1) Types II and III Under $250 $250-$499 ___ $500-$749 ___ $750-$999 ___ $1,000-$1,249---$1,250-$1,499---$l,500-$2,249---$2,250 and over. Types I V and V Under $250____ $250-$499 $500-$749______ $750-$999 $1,000-$1,249---$1,250-$1,499---$l,500-$2,249___ $2,250 and over. Re port Eli ing ex gible pendi tures (2) (3) Aver age value of all housing plus fuel, light, and re friger ation (4) Aver age ex pense for fuel, light, and refrig era tion (5) Average value of housing secured Aver age Without money value W ith money ex penditure expenditure of all hous ing All Fam Other Rent hous ily hous Total Owned as pay home or gift ing home ing (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) 77 339 292 130 44 19 16 6 10 51 44 38 32 13 12 5 $108 132 146 206 231 247 338 457 $25 37 49 64 68 70 117 136 $78 91 95 142 161 176 221 319 $60 82 83 111 88 101 131 132 $60 82 83 111 86 101 131 132 52 245 352 205 99 44 22 19 6 41 44 53 38 19 14 12 102 144 173 209 253 285 345 475 18 36 50 64 85 82 109 127 82 106 119 143 167 199 234 339 82 88 90 109 102 92 220 219 82 88 90 107 101 82 210 209 (*) $2 (*) 2 1 10 10 10 $18 9 12 '31 73 75 90 187 $8 9 12 31 64 49 78 187 18 29 34 65 107 14 120 18 29 34 59 73 11 88 •Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. $10 (*) 9 20 12 6 34 3 32 Per centage of hous ing value secured without money expend iture (13) 23.1 9. 9 12. 6 21.8 45.3 42.6 40.7 58.6 17.0 24.4 23.8 38.9 53.8 6.0 35.4 233 TABULAR SUM M ARY SOUTHEAST, 2 MIDDLE-SIZED CITIES T a b l e 4-A.— Money expenditure for family home by owners and renters, and facilities included in rent for family home: B y occupation, fa m ily ty p e , and incom e , in 1 year , 1 9 3 5 -8 6 Occupational group, family type, and income class Average Percentage of renters having specified Number of Percentage money families of families 1 expense for facilities included in ren t 3 family home © 'Sc W ll P3 (2) (3) •a o* (4) 29 140 140 122 96 39 12 10 11 16 5 9 12 18 31 48 48 55 79 100 81 82 263 973 1, 016 468 174 56 23 88 92 77 67 28 10 11 17 26 47 55 17 79 50 44 19 14 14 17 20 11 52 48 45 29 11 12 10 11 16 33 (1) * O ©C £ bo a 2 I o © co bO J a 3 © *K 32 | .© 03 a$ © be o a Th © ® § bo fl ! tf a o M fl 0) Ph 03 ® w 3 a P h (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (ID (12) (13) (14) 90 88 82 67 49 47 33 21 12 $35 32 39 78 85 67 141 246 140 103 294 $77 86 99 111 121 122 152 204 312 90 89 83 71 51 45 35 31 39 84 87 70 76 86 98 111 124 150 g ® co ® bo <3 a o 3be 3 © £ ^ Percentage with none of £ these facilities inw eluded in rent '• [Negro nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] A ll fa m ilies Under $250_____ 280 $250-$499 _ . 1,041 $500-$749________ i;095 $750-$999 ______ 518 $1,000-$1,249____ 218 75 $1,250-$1,499 $i'500-$l'749____ 14 14 $1,750-$1,999 $2,000-$2,249____ 17 $2,250-$2,499____ 20 $2,500 and over__ 11 (*) o 4 (•) 4 3 9 17 25 30 30 7 1 (*) 4 1 6 11 6 36 8 42 60 30 82 85 (*) 83 (*) 63 75 52 42 67 30 (*) (*)1 1 4 30 10 15 16 34 24 24 17 33 40 O ccupational grou p: W age earner Under $250._____ $250-$499 ______ $500-$749________ $750-$999 ___ $1,000-$1,249____ $1,250-$1,499____ Clerical, business, 8 4 6 9 24 5 1 11 14 14 3 4 35 24 82 86 84 64 78 53 1 10 14 15 34 22 24 an d professional Under $250____ $250-$499 $500-$749________ $750-$999 $1,000-$1,249____ $1,250-$1,499____ $1,500-$1,749____ $1,750-$1,999____ $2,000-$2,249 _ _ $2,250-$2,499____ $2,500 and over.. 68 6 5 26 40 72 48 27 55 79 100 81 82 85 73 60 25 40 52 33 21 12 37 38 53 81 55 141 246 140 103 294 94 95 110 110 106 67 152 204 312 17 3 4 16 26 25 62 42 30 30 60 4 22 22 30 86 71 63 59 59 50 42 67 30 3 4 3 4 8 12 30 14 24 34 32 35 24 17 33 40 F a m ily ty p e : T ype I 1 11 87 30 82 13 Under $250_____ 151 13 85 1 (*) $250-$499________ 457 48 10 90 31 78 84 C) C) 16 $500-$749________ 451 52 17 83 52 96 4 77 22 1 24 69 57 99 51 $750-$999_______ 183 31 8 49 31 64 90 127 $1,000-$1,249____ 75 26 7 7 14 10 79 3 21 7 43 43 69 154 $1,250-$1,499____ 12 21 79 21 7 7 100 $1,500-$2,249 _ __ 148 4 $2,250 and over... 6 88 67 | See p. 241 for notes on this table. ♦ Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 for expenditures, or less than 1 for pro portions of families reporting, are not shown. 234 F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S S O U T H E A S T , 3 M ID D L E -S IZ E D C IT IE S T a b l e 4r-A.— Money expenditure for family home by owners and renters, and facilities included in rent for family home: B y occupation , fa m ily ty p e , and incom e , in 1 yea r , 1 9 8 5 -3 6 —Continued Average Percentage of renters having specified o a Number of Percentage money facilities included in rent families of families expense for 1 family home a “m w© xi'-Z Occupational group, family g type, and income H s M3 class » =3 * cl .t3 b£ © •-S'd o fl b/0 52 a 03 © © « .S •45‘C ’8 a a |& o © © © o tf w s P5 (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (1) Types II and III Under $250_____ $250-$499________ $500-$749________ $750-$999________ $1,000-$1,249____ $1,250-$1,499____ $l,500-$2,249____ $2,250 and o ver.._ Types I V and V Under $250_____ $250-$499_______ $500-$749________ $750-$999_______ $1,000-$1,249____ $1,250-$1,499____ $l,500-$2,249____ $2,250 and over.__ 77 339 292 130 44 19 16 6 10 51 44 38 32 13 12 5 10 8 13 25 52 39 60 80 90 91 87 75 41 61 29 20 $47 16 25 67 75 89 125 60 $62 . 89 . 92 125 101 108 186 420 52 245 352 205 99 44 22 19 6 41 44 53 38 19 14 12 19 25 40 58 53 86 87 100 81 75 60 40 42 14 6 41 35 99 87 60 205 225 82 100 108 113 123 118 136 240 13 50 1 4 10 8 33 50 100 1 1 4 ____ 33 50 1 7 14 8 52 50 3 12 13 1 8 50 76 91 86 67 72 63 58 83 78 89 72 72 58 33 50 13 1 1 50 24 9 11 23 22 12 17 100 17 22 11 28 28 42 33 ♦ Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 for expenditures, or less than 1 for pro portions of families reporting, are not shown. TABULAR SUMMARY 235 SO U TH EA ST, 2 M ID DLE-SIZED CITIES T a b l e 5.— Household operation: A verage m oney expenditure for groups of item s of household operation and percentage d istribu tion of such expen ditu re , by occupation , fa m ily ty p e , and incom e , in 1 yea r , 1 93 5-86 [Negro nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Number of families Occupational g r o u p , family type, and in come class (1) Average money expenditure for house hold operation Paid household help Fuel, Fuel, Report light, light, Paid Eligi ing ex Total and re Other and re house Other ble pendi friger Average Percent items * friger hold item s tures age of ation 1 amount families ation 1 help having (2) (3) (4) (5) (7) (8) (6) (9) (10) (ID A ll families Under $250........................ 280 29 $28 $20 3 $8 (*) 140 $250-$499______________ 1,041 49 39 10 140 $500-$749______________ 1,095 65 50 1 15 (*) 122 $750-$999______________ 87 518 64 2 22 $1 96 $1,000-$1,249___________ 111 79 1 218 6 31 39 121 $1,250-$1,499___________ 75 6 78 11 37 12 14 193 114 $1,500-$1.749___________ 27 52 48 10 $1,750-$1,999___________ 14 149 110 7 14 32 $2,000-$2,249___________ 17 11 183 115 5 22 63 16 20 $2,250-$2,499___________ 20 224 115 24 89 $2,500 and over________ 11 5 271 69 64 123 79 Occupational group: Wage earner Under $250____________ 263 23 29 21 3 8 (*) $250-$499 ...................... 49 973 88 39 10 $500-$749............................ 1, 016 92 64 1 50 14 (*) $750-$999____ _________ 2 468 77 86 64 22 (*) $1,000-$1,249___________ 110 4 174 67 29 81 (*) 1 $1,250-$1,499___________ 114 4 32 56 28 81 Clerical, business, and professional Under $250.......... ___ _ 6 16 12 4 17 11 52 $250-$499______________ 47 68 36 79 76 52 1 4 $500-$749______________ 23 48 50 45 93 64 1 4 28 $750-$999______________ 6 $1,000-$1,249___________ 116 72 14 44 29 38 22 144 71 51 19 31 $1,250-$1,499_................... 11 52 $1,500-$1,749___________ 14 12 193 114 27 48 7 14 32 $1,750-$1,999___________ 14 10 149 110 22 63 $2,000-$2,249___________ 11 183 115 5 17 20 24 89 $2,250-$2,499___________ 20 16 224 115 64 79 $2,500 and over________ 5 271 123 69 11 Family type: Type I Under $250_________ 6 151 13 25 19 41 $250-$499................ . 51 10 457 48 52 66 50 16 $500-$749____ ____ ____ 451 (*) n 25 $750-$999............................ 91 66 183 31 (*) 1 n 10 32 26 $1,000-$1,249___________ 111 78 75 28 82 9 12 138 47 $1,250-$1,499...................... 7 28 71 71 $l,500-$2,249_____ _____ 7 7 217 119 152 74 4 $2,250 and over________ 6 78 See p. 242 for notes on this table. •Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. Percentage of total household opera tion expenditure 71.4 79.6 76.9 73.6 71.2 64.5 59.1 73.8 62.8 51.3 45.4 (*) (*) 1.1 .9 4.9 14.0 4.7 2.8 9.0 25.5 28.6 20.4 23.1 25.3 27.9 30.6 26.9 21.5 34.4 39.7 29.1 72.4 79. 6 78.1 74.4 73.6 71.0 (*) (*) n (*) .9 27.6 20.4 21.9 25.6 26.4 28.1 75.0 75.0 68.4 68.8 62.1 49.3 59.1 73.8 62.8 51.3 45.4 1.3 1.1 5.2 15.3 14.0 4.7 2.8 9.0 25.5 25.0 25.0 30.3 30.1 32.7 35.4 26.9 21.5 34.4 39.7 29.1 76.0 80.4 75.8 72.5 70.3 59.4 54.8 48.7 (*) (*).9 6.5 12.5 24.0 19.6 24.2 27.5 28.8 34.1 32.7 51.3 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 236 SO U TH EAST, 2 M ID DLE-SIZED CITIES T able 5.— Household operation: A verage m oney expen ditu re fo r groups of item s of household operation and percentage d istribu tion of such expen ditu re , by occupation , fa m ily ty p e , and in com e , in 1 yea r , 1935—86 —Continued Number of families Occupational g r o u p , family type, and in come class (1) Types 11 and 111 Under $260____________ $250-$499_.......................... $500-$749...................... $750-$999............................ $1,000-$1,249___________ $1,250-$1,499...................... $l,500-$2,249...................... $2,250 and over________ Types 1V and V Under $260 ...................... $250-$499......................... $500-$749............................ $750-$999............................ $1,000-$1,249_..............— $1,250-$1,499___________ $l,500-$2,249___________ $2,250 and over________ Average money expenditure for house hold operation Percentage of total household opera tion expenditure Paid household help Fuel, Fuel, Report light, Other light, Eligi ing ex Total and re Percent items and re ble pendi friger Average age of friger tures ation amount families ation having (8) (2) (4) (7) (6) (3) (5) (9) 77 339 292 130 44 19 16 6 10 51 44 38 32 13 12 5 $34 48 61 86 101 122 168 248 $25 37 49 64 68 70 117 136 52 245 352 205 99 44 22 19 6 41 44 53 38 19 14 12 30 47 67 85 116 118 167 266 18 36 50 64 85 82 109 127 10 $2 3 16 10 36 4 5 13 23 40 $9 11 12 20 30 36 41 76 1 (*) 1 1 9 50 4 3 3 5 17 34 12 11 16 21 30 35 49 89 (*) Paid house Other hold items help (10) (11) (*) 73.5 77.1 78.7 74.4 67.3 57.4 69.7 54.8 2.3 3.0 13.1 5.9 14.5 26.5 22.9 21. 3 23.3 29.7 29.5 24.4 30.7 60.0 76.6 74.6 74.1 73.3 69.5 65.3 47.7 1.5 (*) .9 .8 5.4 18.8 40.0 23.4 23.9 25.9 25.8 29.7 29.3 33.5 *Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 for expenditures, or less than 1 for pro portions of families reporting, are not shown. TABULAR SUMMARY 237 SO U TH E A ST , 2 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES 6.—Clothing: A verage m oney expenditure for clothing fo r husband and w ife and other fa m ily m em bers , and percentage distribu tion of such expen ditu re , by occupation , fa m ily ty p e , and incom e , in 1 yea r , 1 9 3 5 -8 6 T able [Negro nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Number of families Occupational group, family type and in come class (1) Eligible (2) A ll families 280 Under $250____________ 1,041 $250-$499______________ 1,095 $500-$749_____________ 518 $750-$999_____________ 218 $1,000-$1,249__________ 75 $1,250-$1,499__________ 14 $1,500-$1,749__________ 14 $1,750-$1,999__________ 17 $2,000-$2,249__________ 20 $2,250-$2,499__________ 11 $2,500 and over.. ----Occupational group: Wage earner 263 Under $250____________ 973 $250-$499______________ $500-$749______________ 1,016 468 $750--$999______________ 174 $1,000-$1,249__________ 56 $1,250-$1,499__________ Clerical, business, and professional Under $250____________ 17 $250-$499______________ 68 $500-$749______________ 79 $750-$999______________ 50 $1,000-$1,249__________ 44 $1,250-$1,499__________ 19 $1,500-$1,749__________ 14 $1,750-$1,999__________ 14 $2,000-$2,249__________ 17 $2,250-$2,499__________ 20 $2,500 and o v e r .______ 11 Family type: Type 12 Under $250____________ 151 $250-$499______________ 457 $600-$749______________ 451 $750-$999______________ 183 $1,000-$1,249__________ 75 $1,250-$1,499__________ 12 7 $l,500-$2,249__________ $2,250 and over________ 6 Types II and III Under $250____________ 77 $250-$499______________ 339 $500-$749______________ 292 $750-$999______________ 130 $1,000-$1,249__________ 44 $1,250-$1,499__________ 19 $l,500-$2,249__________ 16 $2,250 and over________ 6 Types IV and V Under $250____________ 52 $250-$499______________ 245 $500-$749______________ 352 $750-$999______________ 205 $1,000-$1,249__________ 99 44 $1,250-$1,499__________ 22 $l,500-$2,249__________ 19 $2,250 and over_____ See p. 242 for notes on this table. Average money expenditure for Percentage of total fam ily clothing expenditure clothing i Report ing ex pendi tures (3) All family mem bers (4) Hus band Wife (5) (6) 29 140 140 122 96 39 12 10 11 16 5 $9 29 62 99 128 187 172 169 197 234 334 $3 10 22 34 43 50 58 61 68 82 98 23 88 92 77 67 28 9 30 62 100 130 193 6 52 48 45 29 11 12 10 11 16 5 Other family mem bers (7) Hus band Wife (8) (9) $3 11 24 34 45 58 59 53 52 86 120 $3 8 16 31 40 79 55 55 77 66 116 33.3 34.5 35.5 34.3 33.6 26.7 33.7 36.1 34.5 35.0 29.3 33.3 37.9 38.7 34.3 35.2 31.0 34.3 31.4 26.4 36.8 35.9 33.4 27.6 25.8 31.4 31.2 42.3 32.0 32. 5 39.1 28.2 34.8 3 10 22 35 43 51 4 11 24 35 43 56 2 9 16 30 44 86 33.3 33.3 35.5 35.0 33.1 26.4 44.4 36.7 38.7 35.0 33.1 29.0 22.3 30.0 25.8 30.0 33.8 44.6 4 24 65 88 123 167 172 169 197 234 334 2 10 22 27 44 47 58 61 68 82 98 2 10 27 32 51 56 59 53 52 86 120 4 16 29 28 64 55 55 77 66 116 50.0 41.7 33.8 30.7 35.8 28.1 33. 7 36.1 34.5 35.0 29.3 50.0 41.7 41.5 36.4 41. 5 33.5 34.3 31.4 26.4 36.8 35.9 16.6 24.7 32.9 22.7 38.4 32.0 32. 5 39.1 28.2 34.8 13 48 52 31 26 7 7 4 g 27 52 89 121 124 170 192 4 13 23 40 59 51 88 99 5 14 28 43 61 73 82 93 1 6 1 44.4 48.1 44.2 44.9 48.8 41.1 51.8 51.6 55. 6 51.9 53.8 48.3 50.4 58.9 48.2 48.4 2.0 6.8 .8 10 51 44 38 32 13 .12 5 7 26 70 98 116 159 152 275 2 9 24 39 41 59 66 105 1 8 26 34 44 56 56 118 4 9 20 25 31 44 30 52 28.6 34.6 34.3 39.8 35.3 37.1 43.4 38.2 14.3 30.8 37.1 34.7 37.9 35.2 36.8 42.9 57.1 34.6 28.6 25.5 26.8 27.7 19.8 18.9 6 41 44 53 38 19 14 12 11 37 67 108 139 216 204 293 2 8 19 26 32 46 . 52 79 3 11 16 26 34 52 45 94 6 18 32 56 73 118 107 120 18.2 21.6 28.4 24.1 23.0 21.3 25.5 27.0 27.3 29.7 23.9 24.1 24.5 24.1 22.1 32.1 54.5 48.7 47.7 51.8 52.5 54.6 52.4 40.9 Other family mem bers (10) 238 T FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES SOUTHEAST, 2 MIDDLE-SIZED CITIES a b l e 7.—Personal care: A verage m oney expenditure fo r toilet articles an d p rep aratio n s , and services , an d percentage distribu tion of expen ditu re, by occupation , fa m ily ty p e , and incom e , in I year, 1935— 86. fNegro nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Number of families Occupational group, family type, and income class (1) Eligible (2) Report ing ex pendi tures (3) A ll families 280 Under $250_______ __ __ ___ 1,041 $250-$499____________________ $5Q(M!749____________________ 1,095 518 $750-$999____ ________________ 218 $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_______________ 75 14 $1,500-$1,749_________________ 14 $1,750-$1,999_________________ 17 $2,000-$2,249_________________ 20 $2,250-$2,499_____________ 11 $2,500 and over_______ ______ Occupational group: Wage earner Under $250__________________ 263 973 $250-$499____ _____ _____ ____ 1,016 $500-$749____________________ 468 $750-$999____________________ 174 $1,000-$1,249_____________ 56 $1,250-$1,499___________ Clerical, business, and profes sional Under $250_________________ . 17 $250-$499___________________ 68 $500-$749__________________ 79 $750-$999____________________ 50 44 $1,000-$1,249________________ $1,250-$1,499_____________ 19 14 $1,500-$1,749_________________ 14 $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_____________ 17 $2,250-$2,499_________________ 20 $2,500 and over__________ 11 Family type: Type I Under $250___________ _ ___ _ 11 $250-$499____________________ 457 $500-$749_____________________ 451 $750-$999_____________________ 183 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 75 $1,250-$1,499_______ _________ 12 $l,500-$2,249_________________ 7 $2,250 and over_______________ 6 Types II and III Under $250___________________ 77 $250-$499____ ________________ 339 $500-$749____________________ 292 $750-$999____________________ 130 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 44 $1,250-$1,499_________________ 19 $l,500-$2,249_________________ 16 $2,250 and over_______________ 6 Types IV and V U nder$250-_ __________ __ _ 52 $250-$499_____________________ 245 $500-$749_____________________ 352 $750-$999_____________________ 205 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 99 $1,250-$1,499_________________ 44 $l,500-$2,249_________________ 22 19 $2,250 and over________ ______ 1 See glossary, appendix B, for items included. Average money expenditure for personal care Percentage of total personal care ex penditure for— Toilet Toilet articles articles Services1 and prep Services 1 and prep arations arations (5) (7) (6) (8) Total (4) 29 140 140 122 96 39 12 10 11 16 5 $5 11 17 24 28 30 32 44 25 40 54 $3 5 8 12 14 14 12 24 9 17 25 $2 6 9 12 14 16 20 20 16 23 29 60.0 45.5 47.1 50.0 50.0 46.7 37.5 54.5 36.0 42.5 46.2 40.0 54.5 52.9 50.0 50.0 53.3 62.5 45.5 64.0 57.5 53.8 23 88 92 77 67 28 6 11 16 24 29 32 3 5 7 12 15 15 3 6 9 12 14 17 50.0 45.5 43.8 50.0 51.7 46.9 50.0 54.5 56.2 50.0 48.3 53.1 6 52 48 45 29 11 12 10 11 16 5 2 10 19 21 25 22 32 44 25 40 54 1 5 8 11 10 12 24 9 17 25 1 5 10 13 14 12 20 20 16 23 29 50.0 50.0 47.4 38.1 44.0 45.5 37.5 54.5 36.0 42.5 46.2 50.0 50.0 52.6 61.9 56.0 54.5 62.5 45.5 64.0 57.5 53.8 13 48 52 31 26 7 7 4 9 16 22 28 30 36 41 5 3 4 7 11 13 13 15 14 2 60.0 44.4 43.8 50.0 46.4 43.3 41.7 34.1 40.0 55.6 56.2 50.0 53.6 56.7 58.3 65.9 10 51 44 38 32 13 12 2 5 4 11 18 23 29 31 26 39 8 10 14 14 12 18 50.0 45.5 44.4 43.5 48.3 45.2 46.2 46.1 50.0 54.5 55.6 56.5 51.7 54.8 53.8 53.9 6 41 44 53 38 19 14 12 10 13 17 25 28 29 38 48 4 6 8 12 15 15 16 22 6 7 9 40.0 46.2 47.1 48.0 53.6 51.7 42.1 45.8 60.0 £3.8 52.9 52.0 46.4 48.3 57.9 54.2 9 2 5 5 11 15 17 21 27 9 6 10 13 15 17 14 21 13 13 14 22 26 TA BU LA R SU M M A R Y 239 SO U TH E A ST , 2 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES 8.—Automobile operation and purchase: P ercentage of fa m ilies own in g and purchasing autom obiles , average m oney expenditure fo r all fa m ilies fo r operation and purch ase , by occupation , fa m ily ty p e , and incom e , in 1 year , T able 1 9 8 5 -3 6 [Negro nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Number of families Occupational group, family type, and income class 0) Eligible (2) Report ing ex pendi tures (3) Percentage of all families Average money expenditure of all families Owning Purchas Operation Opera Purchase auto ing auto and pur tion 1 (net) * mobiles mobiles chase (4) (5) (6) (7) A ll families 280 29 Under $250_____ ______ 1,041 140 3 1 $250-$499__________ ____ _____ $1 $1 12 1,095 3 12 140 7 $500-$749____________________ 122 14 2 12 518 12 $750-$999_________ ____ ______ 218 96 27 7 42 29 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 75 34 13 39 106 36 $1,250-$1,499_________________ 14 12 81 19 172 90 $1,500-$1,749______________ 14 43 10 7 74 49 $1,750-$1,999_________________ 17 11 78 $2,000-$2,249 _______ 106 106 20 87 16 38 124 268 $2,250-$2,499_________________ 64 11 5 58 58 $2,500 and over Occupational group: Wage earner 263 23 Under $250 973 1 88 3 $250-$499_____________________ (*) 12 (*) 7 92 12 1,016 3 $500-$749_____________________ 468 77 12 1 9 9 $750-$999___ _________________ 174 22 67 5 27 20 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 56 26 28 26 26 $1,250-$1,499 ___ Clerical, business, and , professional 17 6 Under $250 52 2 68 10 3 3 $250-$499_____________________ 4 79 20 21 $500-$749_____________________ 48 15 50 45 36 5 33 30 $750-$999_____________________ 44 29 48 13 95 61 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 11 19 58 51 342 64 $1,250-$1,499_________________ 14 12 81 19 172 90 $1,500-$1,749_________________ 14 10 43 7 74 49 $1,750-$1,999_________________ 17 11 78 106 106 $2,000-$2,249 _________ 20 16 87 38 124 268 $2,250-$2,499_________________ 11 64 5 58 58 $2,500 and over Family type: Type I 151 13 Under $250____ ____ 1 457 48 $250-$499____________________ (*) (*) (*) 451 52 10 6 $500-$749____________________ 18 6 15 183 31 17 17 $750-$999_____________ . 75 12 26 36 73 45 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 7 71 42 261 12 86 $1,250-$1,499_________________ 7 71 82 7 82 $l,500-$2,249____ ___ 4 44 77 6 288 105 $2,250and o v e r .._ _________ Types II and III Under $250 ______ 77 10 51 8 2 $250-$499_____________________ 339 3 2 44 16 3 10 $500-$749_____________________ 292 11 $750-$999_____________________ 38 10 1 11 130 12 32 44 31 7 41 31 $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ 19 13 28 13 113 26 12 77 17 187 128 $l,500-$2,249_________________ 16 161 $2,250 and over_______________ 6 5 100 40 301 Types IV and V 6 Under $250___________________ 52 41 $250-$499____________________ 245 44 $500-$749____________________ 352 12 6 6 53 $750-$999____________________ 205 16 3 7 8 38 99 18 3 18 15 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 44 26 5 61 19 26 $1,250-$1,499_________________ 22 14 51 61 5 76 $l,500-$2,249_________________ 12 73 19 13 129 80 $2,250 and over........................... See p. 242 for notes on this table. ♦ Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 for expenditures, or less than portions of families reporting, are not shown. (8) (*) $5 (*) 13 70 82 25 144 (*) 5 (*) 7 (*) (*) 6 3 34 278 82 25 144 12 28 175 183 1 1 1 10 87 59 140 1 3 35 25 49 1 for pro 240 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES SO U TH E A ST , 2 M ID D L E -SIZE D CITIES 9.—Recreation: A verage m oney expenditure fo r recreation ty p e s , by occupation , fa m ily ty p e , an d in com e , in 1 yea r , 1 9 3 5 -8 6 of specified T able [Negro nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Number of families Occupational group, family type, and income class (1) A ll families Under $250__________________ $250-$499____________________ $500-$749 ______ ______________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499__________________ $1,500-$1,749__________________ $1,750-$1,999__________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ Average money expenditure for recreation Paid admissions Eligible (2) 280 1,041 1,095 518 218 75 14 14 17 20 11 penditures (3) 29 140 140 122 96 39 12 10 11 16 5 Total (4) $1 2 11 15 26 36 26 43 42 50 36 Movies (5) (*) $1 3 5 8 10 10 15 9 18 18 Equip ment for games Other1 and Other i sports (6) (7) (8) (*) (•) Occupational group: Wage earner 1 263 (•) 23 (*) 973 88 2 1 $250-$499_____________________ (*) 1,016 92 12 3 $500-$749_____________________ 468 77 15 5 $750-$999_____________________ 174 67 27 8 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 56 28 $1,250-$1,499_________________ 36 11 Clerical, business, and professional 17 6 (*) (*) (*) Under $250 _ _ __ _____ ___ 68 52 3 1 $250-$499_____________________ C) 79 48 6 4 $500-$749_____________________ 50 45 13 5 $750-$999_____________________ 44 29 22 6 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 19 11 35 7 $1,250-$1,499_________________ 14 12 26 10 $1,500-$1,749_________________ 14 15 10 43 $1,750-$1,999_________________ 17 42 10 11 $2,000-$2,249__________________ 20 16 18 50 $2,250-$2,499_________________ 11 5 36 18 $2,500 and over. ____ ________ Family type: Type 1 1 151 13 Under $250________________ C) 457 48 2 2 $250-$499 . - ___________ 451 52 7 2 $500-$749_____________________ 183 11 3 31 $750-$999____________________ C) 75 32 26 8 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 12 7 19 4 $1,250-$1,499_________________ 7 7 65 12 $l,500-$2,249_________________ 6 4 50 20 $2,250 and over_ __ __ ______ Types 11 and III 77 10 (•) (*) Under $250__________________ 339 51 3 2 $250-$499_____________________ (•) 292 44 19 4 $500-$749_____________________ 21 130 38 5 $750-$999____________________ 44 32 23 7 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 19 12 $1,250-$1,499_________________ 13 40 12 16 34 $l,500-$2,249_________________ 10 6 5 61 20 $2,250 and over---------------------Types IV and V 1 1 52 6 (*) Under $250___________________ 2 1 245 41 $250-$499_____________________ O 44 352 10 3 $500-$749_____________________ 205 53 15 7 $750-$999_____________________ 99 38 22 8 $1,000-$1,249_________________ 19 39 11 $1,250-$1,499.......... ......................... 44 22 14 12 30 $l,500-$2,249................................... 12 19 38 17 $2,250 and over............................. 1 See glossary, appendix B, for items included. ♦ Average amounts of less than $1 and percentages of less than 0.1 are not shown. $1 1 7 8 13 20 14 19 29 26 17 (*) (*) $1 1 2 3 2 2 4 2 1 $1 3 3 (*) 7 (•) 4 1 1 2 3 (*) 1 1 2 1 1 1 7 8 15 21 1 (*) 1 3 9 (*) 7 (*) 4 1 1 6 11 18 14 19 29 25 17 1 1 2 1 2 2 3 3 1 (*) 1 4 8 21 13 51 28 1 1 2 2 2 (*) (*) C) 2 (*) (*) 1 1 1 4 2 5 (*) 1 2 1 1 2 8 1 13 13 14 23 20 28 1 1 2 3 3 1 (•) (•) 2 4 4 2 1 1 6 5 8 21 13 19 Footnotes for Tables in Expenditure Tabular Summary C o l u m b ia and M o b il e ( N e g r o ) table 1 i See glossary, appendix B, for eligibility requirements. 1 Money income is equal to the sum of money expenditure (column 7) plus net surplus or deficit (column 8) plus net balancing difference (column 9). 3 Nonmoney income from housing includes imputed income from owned family or vacation homes plus rent received as pay or gift (average amounts based on all families, whether or not they reported such non money income). 4 Includes purchases on cash or credit basis. Does not include money disbursements resulting in an increase in family assets or a decrease in liabilities. (Examples of disbursements not treated as expendi tures will be found in the glossary, appendix B.) 5 See glossary, appendix B, for definitions of surplus and deficit. e Represents the average net difference between reported money receipts and reported money disburse ments. See glossary, appendix B. A maximum balancing difference within 5.5 percent was allowable on each schedule. TABLE 1-A 1 A surplus represents an increase in assets or a decrease in liabilities, or both; a deficit represents a decrease in assets or an increase in liabilities, or both. 2 Some families reported neither surplus nor deficit for the year; therefore the sum of columns 5 and 6 does not always equal 100 percent. 3 Since the average amounts in these two columns are based on the number of families reporting surplus or deficit, respectively, they do not add to the average net surplus or deficit shown in column 4. TABLE 2 i The averages in this table include money expenditure for goods and services purchased on either cash or credit basis. They do not include value of goods and services received without money expense. Aver ages are based on all families, whether or not they reported expenditures for the specified categories. 1 Housing expenditures include the money expense of home owners and rent contracted for by renting families for family homes and other housing. The value of fuel, light, and refrigeration is included when furnished by the landlord and included in the rental rate. 3 Includes all expenditures for operation and maintenance (see table 8), and the net purchase price (gross price less trade-in allowance) of automobiles bought during the schedule year. The proportion of automo bile expense chargeable to business has been deducted. See glossary, appendix B. 4 Includes paid admissions, equipment and supplies for games, sports, and other recreation, club dues, and the like. Does not include expense for transportation, food, or lodging while on vacation. 5 Taxes include only poll, income, and personal property taxes. All other taxes, such as those on real estate, amusements and retail sales taxes, are included as a part of the expenditure for these items. Gifts do not include gifts from one member of the economic family to another. TABLE 3 1 Includes expenditures for board at school, which amounted to less than 5 percent of average food expense for all families except those with incomes of $1,250 to $1,999 and those at the income level $2,250 to $2,499. Among families in the clerical, business, and professional categories, it amounted at most to an average of $74, at the income level $1,250 to $1,499. For any group of 3 or more families of types IV and V, it amounted at most to $51, at the income level $1,250 to $1,499. 3 See glossary, appendix B, for method of deriving this figure. TABLE 4 1 Average amounts for renting families based on rental rate contracted for. Value of fuel, light, and refrig eration is included when furnished by the landlord and included in the rental rate. See table 4-A for percent age of families for whom these facilities were included as part of the rent. 2 See table 4-A for separation of expense for owning and renting families. 3 Includes net money expenditure for owned or rented vacation homes, lodging while traveling or on vacation, and room at school. 4 See glossary, appendix B, for method of deriving this figure. Includes nonmoney income from owned vacation homes, which amounted at most to an average of less than $1 for all families. * Percentages based on the average value of all housing (column 6). TABLE 4-A i These two percentages do not always add to 100, since families that both owned and rented during the year, or received rent as gift or pay, are not included in columns 4 through 7. 1 Percentages based on renting families reporting these facilities included in rent at the end of the schedule year. 241 242 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES TABLE 5 1 Excludes value of fuel, light, and refrigeration furnished by the landlord and included in the rental rate. Fuel received without expense is not included in this average, but amounted to less than 5 percent of the money expense for fuel, light, and refrigeration for families with incomes of $750 and over, except those with incomes of $2,250 to $2,499. 2 See glossary, appendix B, for items included. TABLE 6 1 Value of clothing gifts from one family member to another are included in the average expenditure for the member receiving such gifts. Gifts of clothing to or from individuals outside the economic family are excluded. 2 For families of type I, averages and percentages shown in columns 7 and 10 are for individuals who were members of the economic family less than 27 weeks, and were therefore not considered equivalent members in determining family type. See glossary, appendix B, for method of classifying families by type. TABLE 7 1 See glossary, appendix D, for items included. TABLE 8 1 To obtain the average expense of operation for families owning automobiles, divide the average shown in this column by the corresponding figure in column 4 and multiply by 100. 2 To obtain the average net purchase price (gross price less trade-in allowance) for families purchasing automobiles, divide the average shown in this column by the corresponding figure in column 5 and multiply by 100. TABLE 9 1 See glossary, appendix B, for items included. Appendix A Sampling Procedure in Cities of the Southeastern Region T he Controlled Sample Several considerations prompted the decision to employ a rela tively unique sampling procedure in the Study of Consumer Purchases. The Study aimed to describe expenditure patterns of families of dif ferent size and composition regardless of their numerical importance in the community as a whole. It was necessary therefore to restrict the number of schedules obtained from the more numerous elements of the population and to secure a disproportionate number from the rarer groups. These controls facilitate the type of analysis which “holds other things equal” while the effect of a given factor is inves tigated. When an equal number of cases is secured for families of given type, occupation, and income, it is much easier to study changes in expenditure patterns with increase in income, holding oc cupation and family type relatively constant. In addition, since the collection of statistics on family expenditures is very time-consuming and requires great skill, it was necessary to limit the number of schedules secured to a minimum which would yield reliable general izations. The present study attempted to throw light on the ex penditure patterns of all classes of the population—high income groups as well as low, families deriving their incomes primarily from business and professional occupations as well as the clerical and wage-earner groups. Still another consideration was the desire to provide results which would be comparable from one city to another and in different regions of the country, minimizing or controlling the differences in racial, nativity, or occupational composition of the population in each place. From the point of view of comparability with future studies, further more, the restriction of the Study to an American-born population was deemed advisable since the control of immigration is resulting in a progressively larger proportion of native-born individuals in this country. A “controlled sample” accompanied by a random sample seemed to meet all of these requirements.1 Appendix A of volume I prei The use of a “controlled sample” was proposed in “A Suggested Plan for an Inquiry into the Economic and Social Well-Being of the American People,” prepared by a special committee of the Social Science Research Council in September 1929. The circumstances under which the present study was conducted made possible a large preliminary random sample and thus permitted the selection of families for the expenditure survey by income, occupation, and family type. 243 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 244 sented a detailed description of the sampling procedure used in the study of a random sample of families in five Southeastern cities. The present discussion will be concerned primarily with the con trolled sample in the cities of Atlanta, Ga., Columbia, S. C., and Mobile, Ala.2 Both the collection and tabulation plans of the Study provided that data on expenditures secured from families in Columbia and Mobile were to be combined to yield a pattern of expenditure for families in middle-sized cities of the Southeastern region which could be compared with the expenditures of families in the large city studied in this region. It was recognized that there would be an insufficient number of families in any one middle-sized city to provide a large enough sample for tabulation by the controls desired, but together the middle-sized cities would have a large enough population to yield the desired quota of families of the type to be studied. General collection 'procedure.—Before turning to the method by which the sample was controlled, a brief description of the general sampling and collection procedure of the Study is presented. The information of the Consumer Purchases Study was secured through interviews of families by field agents who recorded the in formation given by family members upon schedule forms shown on page 259.3 The addresses of families to be interviewed were obtained by a random sampling of the addresses listed in the 1935 city direc tory for Atlanta and Columbia and the 1936 city directory for Mobile. The first field agent assigned to each family obtained the “ record card” information (which related primarily to nativity and number of persons in the family) and if the family proved to contain husband and wife, both native born, who had been married at least a year, a “ family schedule” (covering data on family membership composition, occupation, and income) was obtained in the same interview.4 The random sample in Atlanta, where an 80-percent coverage was taken, yielded 48,434 families, of which 35,246 were eligible for the family schedule information. The combined family population of Mobile 2 The cities for which income data were described in vol. I included Gastonia, N . C., and Albany, Ga., in addition to the three cities named. Expenditure data for Gastonia and Albany will be published by the Bureau of Home Economics. 3 An investigation of family income and consumption by means of schedules filled after the end of the report year is confronted with questions concerning the degree of accuracy with which families may be expected to remember details of expenditures made over a period of 12 months. It is admittedly impossible to obtain by the schedule method precise records of expenditures for each item included in family living. It is believed, however, that accuracy sufficient for the purposes of generalization can be achieved. One means toward this end followed by the Study of Consumer Purchases was the use of highly detailed schedule forms which served to remind families of the wide variety of items for which they might have incurred expenditures during the year. Such schedules, filled through painstaking interviews, provided data that in the great majority of cases undoubtedly represented closely the spending patterns of the families interviewed. 4 In the cities of the Southeastern region, native Negro families as well as native white families were in cluded as eligible. In addition to the regular sample, a smaller sample consisting of foreign-born families and of incomplete native white and Negro families was asked to give the family schedule data. SAMPLING PROCEDURE 245 and Columbia, as determined by a 100-percent random sample in each city, was approximately 27,100; of these families, 17,177 met the eligibility requirements for the family schedule interview. When the family schedule was returned to the office, it was edited for completeness and consistency. The total family income was computed and codes for the income, occupation, and family type were placed on the card. If the family proved to belong to the group from which expenditure information was desired (on the basis of the con trols described below), a different field agent was assigned to secure such data. The second agent explained to the family the purpose and plan of the expenditure study and then proceeded to obtain the details called for on the “expenditure schedule.” (See schedule form, p. 259). In the course of this second interview the field agent also re viewed with the family selected items reported on the family schedule. Each family selected for the controlled sample was asked not only for the expenditure schedule information, but also for the detailed check list data. (Check list forms and check list data will be presented in later bulletins.) In Atlanta, 1,588 expenditure schedules were obtained from native white families and 869 from Negro families. A total of 1,407 white families and 620 Negro families supplied the information on expenditures in Columbia-Mobile. Of the families giving expenditure data in these 3 cities, 3,678 families also gave de tailed food check lists and 3,754 reported the furnishings and equip ment check list detail—over half of each of these two types of check lists were provided by Atlanta’s families. In addition, information on the clothing check list was supplied for 10,217 family members in this controlled sample—one-half of these check lists were taken in Atlanta. When the expenditure schedules and check lists were returned to the office, a careful editing and arithmetic check of the entries took place. The repeated and careful editing of each schedule for reason ableness and internal consistency was of vital importance to the quality of the schedules obtained. This process helped not only to identify schedules that were wholly or partly fictitious, but also to correct errors arising from unintentional mistakes on the part of the family or the interviewer. The complexity of the schedule and the interdependence of many sections made intelligent editing at once vitally necessary and unusually effective for attaining reasonable accuracy in the results. Every expenditure schedule had to meet certain requirements before it was acceptable for tabulation. The more important of these were: (1) That the schedule meet certain standards with respect to completeness. Schedules were considered sufficiently complete for tabulation if the total expenses of all major groups of items were reported. Thus, because of the limitation of time and funds toward 246 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES the close of the field work, schedules were considered acceptable even though the expenditure for every specific item was not recorded. In general, however, relatively few schedules contained unknown expense items since section totals were usually secured by addition of the expenses for specific items. (2) That the information given appeared to be reliable. None of the standards for acceptability of expenditure schedules was so con strued as to permit the acceptance for tabulation of a schedule which was considered unreliable by either the field agent or the supervisor. A schedule with many unexplained omissions and inconsistencies was withheld from tabulation on the grounds of unreliability, even though, strictly speaking, it fell within the definition of an acceptable schedule. (3) That the discrepancy between receipts and disbursements did not exceed 5.5 percent. This is referred to as the “balancing differ ence” and is described in the glossary. (4) That additional information secured during the expenditure interview did not make the family “ineligible” for an expenditure schedule according to the eligibility requirements shown below. Schedules which were unacceptable for tabulation were returned to the agent or to a check interviewer who attempted to secure the missing information from the family, or, in the case of too large a balancing difference, an effort was made to determine whether the income or the expenditure data, or both, were in error. A random sample of no less than 1 out of every 5 of the first expendi ture schedules submitted by each agent was checked with the family by a member of the supervisory staff. Later a larger or smaller pro portion was checked as conditions warranted, but never less than 1 in 20 schedules was “check interviewed,” and fictitious schedules or serious errors were thus caught. The early results of rechecking determined, in the case of each agent, whether his work should be more or less intensively checked thereafter, or whether he should be dismissed. On the whole, the percentage of agents guilty of deliberate falsification was very small. Controls or eligibility requirements.—Only families having specified characteristics were asked to give information on their expenditures. The characteristics of the families treated as eligible for the controlled sample in the Southeastern region were as follows: 1. Nativity and color.—White families or Negro families in which both the husband and wife were born in continental United States or Alaska. 2. Family composition.—Families in which the husband and wife had been married at least a year and families in which both husband and wife were dependent on a common income for at least 27 weeks of the schedule year. Families of types I to V as defined in the glossary, page 266, except for the intensified Negro sample in Atlanta SAMPLING PROCEDURE 247 where families of types VI and VII were also eligible. Except for Negro families in Atlanta, data secured from family type II were tabulated and analyzed with data from type II I; similarly, data for types IV and V were pooled in the computation of averages and percentages. 3. Nonreliej status.—Families not having received relief during the schedule year. 4. Living arrangements.—Families maintaining housekeeping quar ters for at least 9 months during the schedule year. 5. Roomers and boarders.—Families not having roomers or boarders, or families having not more than the equivalent of one roomer and/or boarder for the year. (Sons and daughters or other relatives with separate incomes, from whom it was impossible to obtain complete information on expenditures, were treated as boarders or as guests, depending on whether they paid the family for room and board.) 6. Guests.—Families with not more than the equivalent of one guest for half a year (26 guest weeks). (If guests lived with the family for 27 weeks or more the family was not asked to give the expenditure data.) 7. Occupational group.—Six occupational groups. Families were classified in the occupational group from which the major part of their earnings was secured. In the collection and tabulation of the data on expenditures, however, no distinction was made between inde pendent professional and independent business groups in the Atlanta native white sample. In the Negro sample in Atlanta and the native white sample in Columbia-Mobile, the salaried business group was not separated from the salaried professional group; also the inde pendent professional group was not separated from the independent business families. The four business and professional groups were not separated from the clerical group in the Negro sample of Colum bia-Mobile. (See table 1, and glossary, p. 266.) 8. Income class.—In Atlanta, native white families having incomes from $500 to over $7,500, and native Negro families having incomes from under $250 to over $4,000. In Columbia-Mobile, native white families having incomes from $250 to over $5,000, and native Negro families having incomes from under $250 to over $3,500. The income classes eligible varied with the different occupational groups. Since families in the business and professional categories were relatively infrequent at the lower income levels and since the same was true of wage-earner and clerical families at the upper levels, it seemed inadvisable to attempt to secure data from the same income classes for each occupational group. Not only would it have been very time-consuming and expensive to locate the infrequent occu pational groups at the extremes of the income scale, but expenditure 125018 °—40------17 248 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES data secured from such families would not have been representative of any large group. Among the white families, therefore, in the income level under $1,250 in Atlanta and under $1,000 in ColumbiaMobile, the expenditure study was limited to families in the wageearner and clerical groups. At the higher income brackets of $2,500 and over, the wage-earner and clerical groups were relatively infre quent. Families of business and professional persons, on the other hand, predominated at the highest income levels in the white group, so it was from such occupational groups that the expenditure patterns of relatively high income famlies were secured. Among the Negro families, expenditure data for families having incomes under $250 were secured in Atlanta from only the wage-earner group, while at the income brackets of $1,500 and over the Study excluded families of wage earners. The classification of families on the basis of the three controls of income class, occupational group, and family type constitutes what has been referred to in this manuscript as a “cell.” Since the number of cases to be secured in each cell was limited to six,5 it was of para mount importance to obtain randomness in the selection of families for these “cells.” Great care was therefore taken to guard against the introduction of a bias. Even the first small random sample would have yielded all the desired cases for the most frequent population groups. If the cells drawn from the modal population group had been filled from the first sample, they would have been much more homo geneous with respect to the period covered by the data than cells which represent the less frequent population groups, and any greater variability within the latter cells might have been attributed to in come, occupation, or family type while it might actually have been due to price changes occurring while the Study was in progress. This possible bias was minimized by the provision that not more than 50 percent of the cases in cells representing the most frequent population groups were to be chosen from any one of the series of random samples secured in the family income survey and that all expenditure schedules which were discarded later because income and expenditures did not balance should be replaced by cases drawn from recent samples. It is recognized, however, that these provisions did not entirely eliminate the bias introduced by the time element. An effort was made to obtain six families of each occupational group or combination of groups in most cells. The number of families called for by plans which were formulated prior to the field work is shown in table 1. Insofar as practicable, the collection staff attempted to 8 Except for the intensified sample of Negro families in Atlanta where an attempt was made to secure 10 expenditure schedules in certain cells, SAMPLING PROCEDURE 249 secure the number of schedules shown in this plan. In the course of the survey, it was observed that the original plans tended to eliminate too many of the lower income wage-earner and clerical families, so the eligibility requirements were altered so as to include such families. The number of expenditure schedules obtained and used in the tabu lations varies somewhat from the number shown in the plans. (See table 1.) The discrepancies may be attributed to several factors— the most important of which was the fact that families of specified types at certain income levels were not sufficiently numerous to yield the desired number of schedules. Furthermore, not all families from which expenditure data were desired contributed the information. Some had moved out of the city, others could not be found at home, while still others were unable or unwilling to give the detailed information requested. Of the schedules which were secured, a number had to be discarded because of inconsistency, incompleteness, or unreliability of the data shown. Another obstacle to an exact control of the number of schedules in each cell resulted from shifts in the cell classification of families after the detailed interview on expenditure data. The income class in which the family was classified on the basis of the relatively short family schedule interview did not always correspond with the income class in which the family fell on the basis of the interview for expend itures. The shifts arose partly from the fact that the methods of computing income differed slightly for the two schedules, and partly T able 1.— N um ber of schedules desired and num ber obtained in controlled sam ple [Nonrelief complete families] Atlanta: Native white sample Income class Wage earner Independent professional and business Salaried Clerical Professional Business De Ob D e Ob sired 1 tained Ob D e Ob D e D e Ob sired i tained sired * tained sired i tained sired i tained Under $250 _ _ $250-$499 _ ______ $500-$749 $750-$999 $1,000-$1,249 $1,250-$l,499______ $1,500-$1,749______ $1,750-$1,999 ______ $2,000-$2,249_______ $2,250-$2,499_______ $2,500-$2,999_______ $3,000-13,499 ______ $3,500-$3,999 $4,000-$4,999_______ $5,000-$7,499 ___ $7,500 and over____ 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 26 41 46 47 35 45 33 30 38 See footnotes at end of table. 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 29 39 30 43 36 36 34 32 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 15 15 15 15 21 29 26 33 29 37 33 21 30 19 12 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 15 15 15 15 28 26 32 33 31 39 31 28 30 22 13 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 33 29 37 26 27 45 32 35 43 33 24 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 250 T able 1.-— N um ber of schedules desired and num ber obtained in Continued controlled sam ple — [Nonrelief complete families] Columbia-Mobile: Native white sample Professional and business Clerical Income class Salaried Independent De D e Ob Ob Ob De D e Ob sired 3 tained sired 3 tained sired 3 tained sired 2 tained Under $250____ - ____ ___ $250-$499__________________________ $500-$749. ________________________ $750-$999 $1,000~$1,249 ___ ____ _______ .. $1,250-$1,499 . . . _________________ $1,500-$1,749_______________________ $1,750-$1,999 ____________ _________ $2,000-$2,249 ______________________ $2,250-$2,499 ______________________ $2,500-$2,999 ____________________ $3,000-$3,499 _____________________ $3,500-$3,999 _____________________ $4,000-$4,999 ______________________ $5,000 and over . . . . _ ___ 28 41 47 52 43 44 40 33 34 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 21 41 38 43 44 38 41 35 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 Wage earner Clerical 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 27 35 27 38 29 23 36 26 26 23 26 Columbia-Mobile: Native Negro sample Atlanta: Native Negro sample Income class 31 30 44 47 36 45 47 42 45 38 22 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 I 30 1 1 Professional and business Salaried Independent Professional, business, and clerical Wage earner De- Ob- De- Ob- De- Ob- De- Ob- De- Ob- De- Obsired 3 tained sired3tained sired 3tained sired3 tained sired 4tained sired 4tained U n d e r $250____ $250-$499_______ $500-$749___ _ _ _ $750-$999_______ $1,0 0 0-$1 ,24 9 ___ $1,2 5 0-$1 ,49 9 ___ $1,5 0 0-$1 ,74 9 ___ $ 1 ,7 5 0-$1 ,99 9 ___ $ 2 ,0 0 0-$2 ,24 9 ___ $ 2 ,2 5 0-$2 ,49 9 ___ $2,500-$2,999_ - $ 3 ,0 0 0-$3 ,49 9 . _. $ 3 ,5 0 0-$3 ,99 9 ___ $4,000 a n d o v er. 70 70 70 70 70 24 103 123 99 73 62 70 70 35 35 5 27 22 23 12 11 16 6 2 2 2 0) (5) (5) C) (5) (5) (5) (5) (s) (5) (5) (5) (? (5) 5 15 16 11 12 10 10 7 7 10 4 2 3 (5) (5) (5) (s) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) 21 29 24 13 13 7 6 4 1 1 3 1 4 30 30 60 60 30 23 88 92 77 67 28 (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (6) (®) (6) () () () () (6) 6 52 48 45 29 11 12 10 11 16 2 2 1 1 Equally distributed among 5 family types. See p. 266 for description of types. 2 Equally divided between the 2 cities and distributed among 5 family types. See p. 266 for description of types. 3 Equally distributed among 7 family types. See p. 266 for description of types. 4 Equally distributed among 5 family types. See p. 266 for description of types. 5140 cases. 6180 cases. from the fact that sources of income which the family had forgotten to mention to the agent obtaining the family schedule data occasion ally came to light in the course of the long interview in connection with the discussion of expenditures.6 6 Because of the extensive coverage of the family income survey, it was necessary to keep the time of the family schedule interview as short as possible. On that account information on the expenses of an owned home other than interest payments was not obtained from the families covered in the large random sample. Therefore, in estimating nonmoney income from home ownership for the income report, it was necessary to SAMPLING PROCEDURE 251 Altogether 17 percent of the Columbia-Mobile families giving expenditure data and 18 percent of the Atlanta Negroes 7 fell into a different income class when classified according to the method used and information obtained in the long interview as compared with the short interview. In general, the shifts were compensating. A little more than half of the shifts in Columbia-Mobile were to higher income classes, while correspondingly slightly less than half were to lower income brackets. Almost two-thirds of the shifts in the Atlanta Negro sample, however, were to higher income classes. Approximately seven-tenths of the shifts in cell for ColumbiaMobile and for Atlanta Negro schedules involved changes of only one income interval—to the next higher or lower income class. Changes in the family type classification also resulted from the longer interview—largely because of differences in the definition of the economic family. Whereas all related persons living under the same roof, or eating at least two meals daily with the family, whose income could be ascertained were included in coding the family type for purposes of the family schedule tabulation, only persons depend ent on a common family fund whose expenditures could also be ascertained were regarded as members of the economic family in the controlled sample. The discrepancies in the codes resulting from these differences, however, were negligible; less than 1 percent of all Columbia-Mobile families from which expenditure data were secured and less than 2 percent of the Atlanta Negro families were classified in a different family type by the two procedures. The shifts in occupational code resulting from the longer interview also were relatively infrequent—1 percent or less of all ColumbiaMobile families and Atlanta Negro families in the controlled sample were classified differently on the basis of the long and short inter views. Aside from the effect of discrepancies arising from different definnitions of the economic family, the longer interview brought to light resort to a table of estimated average expenses at given rental values. During the expenditure interview, however, figures were obtained on expenses such as taxes, repairs, special assessments, and insurance; and thus a revised figure on the nonmoney income from owned home was computed by subtracting the actual rather than the estimated expenses. Similarly, for families having boarders the income figure on the family schedule included the estimated net income from boarders after deductions had been made for the cost of food; these deductions varied with the amount of the payment for board and were estimated on the basis of data secured in the Bureau of Labor Statistics study of the money disbursements of wage earners and clerical workers. At the time of the expenditure schedule interview, detailed information was obtained on the food expenditures of the family, from which it was possible to compute more accurately the money expense for boarders’ food, and thus to gage more correctly the net income from boarders. No attempt was made at the time of the family schedule interview to determine nonmoney income from an owned vacation home. This figure was obtained, however, from information secured during the ex penditure interview, and is included in the income figure by which families in the controlled sample were classified. Furthermore, rent received as a gift is not included in the income figure of the family schedule, but it was taken into account in deriving the income classification of families giving expenditure data. 7 No data on shifts in cell are available for the Atlanta white sample. 252 F A M IL Y E X P E N D IT U R E IN S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S additional facts concerning the net earnings of various family mem bers. Detailed information on automobile expenditure, for example, occasionally revealed a different and more accurate figure for occu pational expenses than that which had been deducted when reporting the net earnings of family members in the family schedule interview. The above discussion of changes in cell code has been presented primarily to give the reader some insight into the type of problems involved in obtaining equal numbers of cases in each cell in the con trolled sample.8 Since the final classification of families into family type, income, and occupational group was prepared during the final office edit of an expenditure schedule, it was inevitable that changes would tend to increase the number of schedules in some cells and decrease others. Weighting the controlled sample.—Having limited the number of schedules obtained from families in different income, occupational, or family type groups, it is obviously impossible to treat the results as though they comprised a random sample and constituted a pro portional cross section of each of the elements of the population. It is not valid, for example, to add together the expenditures of an equal number of wage earners, clerical, and business and professional workers at the $1,250 to $1,500 income level and assume that the resulting figure represents the expenditures of families as a whole iu this income bracket. Such an assumption would be justifiable only if (a) the expenditures of the different occupational groups were identical within an income class or if (b) the random sample contained an equal number of families in each occupational group at the given income class. Since one of the purposes of the present study was to discover whatever variations there may be in the expenditure patterns of families in different occupational groups, the first assumption was obviously precluded. As for the second assumption, the random sample analyses have revealed great differences in the proportions of families in the various occupational groups, so simple summation of the expenditures of the several groups will not yield an accurate picture of family disbursements. Family types or income brackets also should not be combined without first taking into account the number of cases in the random sample of eligible families. All expenditure averages and percentages of families reporting specified expenditures shown in the Tabular Summary and text tables are weighted by the frequency of eligible families in the con8 In the middle-sized cities a further obstacle to obtaining the exact number of schedules desired in each cell arose from the fact that schedules from the two rather widely separated cities were used to fill each cell. Since the collection of schedules was being carried on simultaneously, unavoidable duplication resulted because some assignments in each city yielded schedules at the same time. SAMPLING PROCEDURE 253 stituent groups.9 Thus, the figures for each occupational group at each income level were derived by weighting or multiplying the aver ages for the constituent family type groups by the number of eligible cases in each. Similarly the averages for each family type have been weighted by the frequency of the different occupational groups in given family types. Furthermore, the averages for each income bracket have been built up by weighting the occupational averages which in turn have been weighted by the family type averages. If the reader is interested in further combinations of data by income level, he should multiply the averages shown for such income levels by the number of eligible families in each. The weights for each income class are shown in column 5 of tables 2a-d. These tables also enable the reader to compare the eligible sample of native complete families with the random sample of all native complete families. T able 2a,.— Incom e distribu tion of fa m ilies in A tlan ta, G a s h o w in g relation of controlled sam ple of white fa m ilies to random sam ples 1 Income class All fami lies ,2 relief and non relief (1) Under $250 _______________ $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249________________ $1,250-$1,499________________ $1,500-$! ,749________________ $1,750~$1,999________________ $2,000 $2,249________________ $2,250-$2,499________________ $2,500-$2,999________________ $3,000-$3,499________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________ $4,000-$4,999________________ $5,000 and over ___________ Total_________________ 6, 812 10, 326 9,125 6,941 5,827 4,405 4, 343 3,600 3, 272 2, 894 3,424 2, 227 1,649 1,498 1,389 67, 732 Native white complete families All native white All Eligible families, for con Controlled relief and trolled sample,* nonrelief Relief and sample,3 Nonrelief nonrelief nonrelief nonrelief (3) (4) (2) (6) (5) 1,928 3,299 4,425 3,996 4, 251 3,368 3, 632 3,304 2, 949 2,672 3,163 2, 057 1,553 1,388 1,205 43,190 782 1,877 2, 726 2, 850 3,066 2, 657 3,039 2, 988 2, 514 2,158 2,808 1,820 1,356 1,191 1,087 32, 919 145 595 1, 666 2, 229 2, 714 2,485 2,901 2,940 2,475 2,133 2. 790 1,813 1,347 1,191 1,087 28, 511 608 1,154 1,392 1,512 1,836 1,924 1,636 1,408 1,818 538 492 466 610 26 70 85 159 162 176 161 151 191 96 84 103 123 1 Figures in columns 1, 2, 3,4. and 5 represent the estimated number in a 100-percent coverage of the city. 2 Estimated from samples. Includes all complete and incomplete native, foreign white, and Negro fami lies. (See vol. I, Tabular Summary, sec. A.) 3 These figures are the weights for the controlled Sample. Due to cell shifts (see discussion, p.249) the num ber of eligible families used in weighting differs slightly from the number of eligible families obtained on the basis of the family schedule interview. (For occupational groups and family types, see p. 246.) 4 Unweighted count of the number of expenditure schedules secured. (For occupational groups and fam ily types, see p. 246.) » Shifts in cells presented some difficulty m preparing the basic tabulations, namely, expenditure schedules appeared in cells for which no weights were available since no eligible case had been classified in these cells in the tabulation of the random sample. It was decided to give cells in which no random sample schedules were secured but in which expenditure schedules appeared a weight equivalent to the number of expendi ture schedules appearing in the tabulations. These arbitrary weights would tend to make the number of families in the city appear greater than was actually found but counterbalancing these added weights was the fact that a number of cells which contained eligible cases in the random sample had no expenditure schedules, and thus were not utilized. 254 T able FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 2b .— Incom e distribu tion of fa m ilies in A tla n ta , Ga., showing relation of controlled sam ple of N egro fa m ilies to random sam ples 1 Negro comp lete families Income class All Negro All families,2 families, relief and relief and nonrelief nonrelief (1) Under $250--------------------------$250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ $2,500-$2,999_________________ $3,000-$3,499_________________ $3,500-$3,999_________________ $4,000 and over_ ___ ____ Total (2) 6,812 10, 326 9,125 6,941 5, 827 4, 405 4, 343 3,600 3, 272 2,894 3, 424 2, 227 1, 649 2,887 67, 732 4, 842 6,985 4,489 2, 818 1, 365 783 415 169 154 95 92 43 11 41 22, 302 All Eligible for Controlled controlled sample,4 sample,3 Relief and Nonrelief nonrelief nonrelief nonrelief (5) (3) (4) (6) 1, 074 3, 493 3,156 2,222 1,043 553 323 169 154 95 92 43 11 41 12,469 298 1, 336 2,470 1,974 923 499 289 149 147 86 88 43 11 41 8, 354 182 980 1,926 1,508 698 376 62 64 56 60 36 26 10 20 24 134 194 161 120 99 26 25 22 24 17 9 5 9 1 Figures in columns 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 represent the estimated number in a 100-percent coverage of the city 2 Estimated from samples. Includes all complete and incomplete native, foreign white, and Negro fami lies. (See vol. I, Tabular Summary, sec. A.) 3 These figures are the weights for the controlled sample. Due to cell shifts (see discussion, p. 249) the number of eligible families used in weighting differs slightly from the number of eligible families obtained on the basis of the family schedule interview. (For occupational groups and family types, see p. 246.) 4 Unweighted count of the number of expenditure schedules secured. (For occupational groups and family types, see p. 246.) 1 of the South eastern region , show ing relation of controlled sam ple of white fa m ilies to random sam ples T a b l e 2 c . — Incom e distribu tion of fa m ilies in m iddle-sized cities Income class Under $250__________________ $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ $2,500-$2,999_________________ $3,000-83,499_________________ $3,500-83,999_________________ $4,000-$4,999_________________ $5,000 and over______________ Total_____ _________ __ Native white complete families All native All white All families,2 families, Eligible for Controlled relief and relief and controlled sample,4 nonrelief nonrelief sample,3 Relief and Nonrelief nonrelief nonrelief nonrelief 3, 286 5, 552 3,841 2,570 1,957 1, 525 1,625 1,437 983 814 1.048 829 464 544 646 27.121 557 1,299 1,599 1,537 1, 462 1,277 1,380 1, 321 904 730 981 796 424 484 579 15, 330 171 642 956 1, 268 1,158 955 1,041 999 719 662 896 609 390 400 443 11, 309 61 307 699 1,144 1,100 913 1,016 977 708 655 883 607 387 397 443 10,297 96 356 623 705 579 679 652 447 440 253 222 178 178 261 28 62 89 148 151 159 163 139 137 83 68 71 61 48 1 Mobile, Ala., and Columbia, S. C. 2 Estimated from samples. Includes all complete and incomplete native, foreign white, and Negro fami lies. (See vol. I, Tabular Summary, sec. A.) 3 These figures are the weights for the controlled sample. Due to cell shifts (see discussion, p. 249) the number of eligible families used in weighting differs slightly from the number of eligible families obtained on the basis of the family schedule interview. (For occupational groups and family types, see p. 246.) 4 Unweighted count of the number of expenditure schedules secured. (For occupational groups and family types, see p. 246.) 255 SAMPLING PROCEDURE 2d .-— Incom e distribu tion of fa m ilies in m iddle-sized cities 1 of the South eastern region , show ing relation of controlled sam ple of N egro fa m ilies to random sam ples T able Negro complete familie Income class Under $250__________________ $250-$499____________________ $500-$749____________________ $750-$999____________________ $1,000-$1,249_________________ $1,250-$1,499_________________ $1,500-$1,749_________________ $1,750-$1,999_________________ $2,000-$2,249_________________ $2,250-$2,499_________________ $2,500 and over___ _____ _ _ Total - _ _____ ____ All Negro All families,2 families, relief and relief and nonrelief nonrelief 3,286 5, 552 3,841 2, 570 1, 957 1,525 1, 625 1,437 983 814 3, 531 27,121 2, 682 4,182 2,163 962 440 161 111 68 47 44 36 10, 896 A 11 Eligible for Controlled controlled sample,4 sample,3 Relief and Nonrelief nonrelief nonrelief nonrelief 720 2, 380 1,743 805 361 135 85 55 47 44 36 6, 411 402 1,480 1,606 779 339 137 83 53 47 44 35 5, 005 280 1, 041 1,095 518 218 75 14 14 17 20 11 29 140 140 122 96 39 12 10 11 16 5 1 Mobile, Ala., and Columbia, S. C. 2 Estimated from samples. Includes all complete and incomplete native, foreign white, and Negro families. (See vol. I, Tabular Summary, sec. A.) 3 These figures are the weights for the controlled sample. Due to cell shifts (see discussion, p. 249) the number of eligible families used in weighting differs slightly from the number of eligible families obtained on the basis of the family schedule interview. (For occupational groups and family types, see p. 246.) 4 Unweighted count of the number of expenditure schedules secured. (For occupational groups and family types, see p. 246.) While it is possible to make an estimate of the total consumption of families in these Southeastern cities by income levels from the ex penditure data and the income distribution shown in column 1 of table 2, such an estimate presupposes that expenditures of foreign families, incomplete families, and families securing relief are like those of the nonrelief native complete families surveyed in this study. The Bureau of Labor Statistics is making a comparison of the expenditures of families with native and foreign-born homemakers in the wageearner and clerical groups having comparable incomes and family composition. Preliminary results do not indicate significant differ ences in expenditures for groups of items by the two nativity groups. As yet, no data are available on the comparison of expenditures of the incomplete and complete families. Appendix B Schedule Form and Glossary 257 Facsimile of Expenditure Schedule B . L . S . 988 CONFIDENTIAL The information requested in thle »ehedule it ttrictly confidential. Giving it it volun tary. I t w ill n ot be teen by any except eworn agentt pf the cooperating agenciee and will not be available for taxation purposes. U. S . D epa rtm en t o f Labor B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S IN COOPERATION WITH N A T IO N A L . R E S O U R C E S C O M M IT T E E W O R K S P R O G R E S S A D M IN IS T R A T IO N D E P A R T M E N T O F A G R IC U L T U R E W A SH IN G TO N STU D Y O F A Fe d e ra l W o rk s Pro ject EXPENDITURE SCHEDULE—URBAN C i t y -------------A g e n t______ ___ D a te of in terv iew ............................. V. H O U S IN G E X P E N S E (du rin g schedule y ear) II. C O M P O S IT IO N O F E C O N O M IC FA M ILY R EN TED HOM E (excluding vacation homo) Number of weeks— M EM BERS OP FAM ILY S chedule N o .. C . T . or E . D . . CONSUMER PURCHASES 12 m o n th s b eg in n in g .. ___ , 1935 a n d e n d in g _____________ , 193 C ode N o .____ 1. N u m b er o f m o n th s o ccu p ied .. 2. M o n th ly re n ta l ra te ---------------3. R e n ta l concessions____________ 4. T otal re n t------------------5. R ep airs p a id fo r b y fam ily -----6. T otal expense (4+5)... 1. H u sb an d .. 2. W ife______ OW NED HOM E (excluding vacation home) 7. 8. 9. III. R E S ID E N C E In city d u rin g schedule y ear IV . L IV IN G Q U A R T E R S O C C U P IE D (a t en d of schedule year) 10. 4. If fam ily is now re n tin g , does re n t include: b. c. d. Yes □ □ □ □ No □ □ □ □ G arage. F u rn is h ings. H eat. W ater. Yes □ □ No e. f. g■ □ □ □ □ 9. H eatin g (check p rin cip al m e th o d ): a . □ C en tral, steam o r w ater. b. □ C en tral, air. c. □ S tov es (n o t k itc h en). d . □ K itch en sto v e o n ly . e. □ F irep lace. / . □ N one. 10. L ighting: a . □ E lectricity . b. □ G as. c. □ K erosene. .d . □ O ther. 11. C ooking fuel: a . □ G as. b. □ E le c tricity . c. □ W ood o r coal. d . Q K ero sen e o r gas oline. ____ e.'n O th e r ___ 11. I n te r e s t o n m o rtg ag e ......................... 12. R efin an cing ch arg es............................ 13. T ax es p a y a b le in sch ed u le y ear, e x cep t b a c k ta x e s .......................... 14. S pecial assessm ents________ 15. R ep airs a n d rep lacem en ts... 17. O th er.. T otal for months owned 18. (1 1 -1 7 )--------------------------T otal for months occupied 19. L ight. R e frig e ra to r (m echanical). R e frig e ra tio n . as owner_____________ T otal for family’s home HOUSING FACILITIES 5. W a te r supply: a . □ In liv in g q u arters. b. □ Ind o o rs, o th er. c. □ O utdoors. 6 . R u n n in g w ater: a . □ H o t o r cold. b . □ C old only. c. □ N one. 7. L o catio n of toilets: a . □ In liv in g q u a rte rs. b . □ In d o o rs, o th er. c. □ O utdoors. 8. N u m b er of to ilets: a . F lu s h ......... b. O th e r ......... Present home N u m b er of m o n th s: O w ned__________________________ O ccupied a s ow ner------------------S tru c tu ra l a d d itio n s to hom e d u rin g y ear... P a id o n p rin cip al o f m o rtg ag e d u rin g y e a r........................................ EX SET RMNH O ND PEN O OT S WE 1. T y p e of liv in g q u a r te r s .................................................................................. 2. T o tal n u m b e r o f ro o m s (excluding b a th ro o m s )_________________ 3. T o ta l n u m b e r of -perso ns o ccupying th ese room s (including fam ily , roo m ers, p aid h elp , a n d others) .......................................... a. Present home (6 + 1 9 ) -------- ------------------ Expense for year VACATION HOME 21. V acatio n hom e ow ned: N e t expense fo r m o n th s occupied___ ___________________________ _______ 22. V acatio n h o m e re n ted : R e n t a n d rep airs fo r m o n th s o ccu p ied --------------- .. .____________ 23. L o d g in g w h ile tra v e lin g o r o n v a c a tio n _ 24. T otal 2 1 -2 3 ______________________ 25. R e n ta l v alu e of h o u sin g receiv ed a s g ift o r p a y 26. N e t m o n ey v alu e o f o ccu p an cy of fam ily.’s o w ned h o m e_______________________ _______ — 27. N et m oney v alu e of o ccu p an cy of ow ned v acatio n hom e... (1) 259 260 FA M IL Y E X P E N D IT U R E IN S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S V I. H O U S E H O L D O P E R A T IO N A B 1 1 0 Latest season FU EL, LIO H T, and REFR IG ERA TIO N Unit 1 1 1 Earlier Seasons 1 1 1 Price Months..................... Months__________ Months— ................ M onths.................... M onths.................... Total expense for year . (for office use) Quantity Expense Quantity Expense Quantity Expense Quantity Expense Quantity Expense 1. C o a l: B it. □ A n th . □ $ ._____ $— $ --------- $— $- * ---------------- 2 . C oke □ B riq ts. □ 3. E n e l oil 4 . W o o d Q K in d lin g □ 5 . K ero sen e □ G asnlin#>n 6. E le c tric ity ____ 7 H as XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX — XX X XXX XXX XXX XXX XXX 8 . Ic e --------------------------XXX XXX 9. T otal (1—8) 10. Value of fuel gathered by family or received free, $ C |D Vn. M E D IC A L E | 11. C ook o r g en eral w o rk er________ 12. C lean in g m a n o r woman______ 13. L au n d ress_______ 14 __________________________________ 15 .......... 16. A p ro n s, u n ifo rm s, a n d g ifts to p a id h elp . 17. ________ T o t a l (11 -1 6 ).......................................... OTHER HOUSEHOLD EXPEN SE 18. W a te r r e n t..................................................................................... 19. T elep h o n e: N u m b er m o s..................; p e r m o . $............. 20. L au n d ry se n t o u t: N u m b er w k s............; a m t. $--------21. XXX CA RE B Check if any A $. B Expanse for year $- 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. ft. 10. 11. 12. 13. 1 4. 15. 16. 1 7. P h y s ic ia n : ______office v is its a t $ ........................ P h y s ic ia n : ______h o m e c a lls a t $ .................... D e n tist. O c u list O th e r s p e c ia lis t (s p e c ify )....................................— C lin ic v isits- V n m h e r At !R H o s p ita l ro o m o r h e d H ay s a t $ P r iv a te n u rs e : I n h o s p .............d a y s a t $ ______ P riv A te nny-se- Af. h o m e fi»v» a t $ V is itin g n u rs e : v is its a t $ E x a m in a tio n s a n d t e s t s -(md indnikd ibex*) M e d ic in e s a n rl d ru g s E y e glaggeft M e d ic a l a p p lia n c e s And s u p p lie s H e a lth a n d A ccid en t in s u r a n c e O th e r ......................................................................................... T o ta l 0 - 1 6 ) ______________________ C Expense for year .$............... V III. RU R A L— U R B A N B A C K G R O U N D A B | C D S pecify serv ice___________________ ______________ 22. L au n d ry so ap a n d o th e r clean in g su p p lies................. 23. S ta tio n ery , p o stag e, tele g ra m s.......................................... Lived— 24. M oving, ex press, fre ig h t, e tc ______________________ Husband State No. years | E Wife No. years State 1. O n a fa rm o r in op en co u n try 2. I n village o f less th a n 2,500 25. O th e r.----------------------------------------------------------------------26. T o ta l (1 8 -2 5 )............................................................ . 27. ________ T otal h o u seh o ld o p era tio n ( 9 + 1 7 + 2 6 ) 3. I n city o f 2,500 to 10,000. 4. I n c ity o f 10,000 o r m o re. O) 14—8290 261 SCHEDULE FORM AND GLOSSARY EC. R E C R E A T IO N D | E B j 0 F Children Adults Num Price Nber1' Price ber Paid admissions' to— $____ $ . - $ .______ 1. M ovies: W in ter__________ X II. E D U C A T IO N A 5f, S p rin g 3, pum m « 4. F all..................... S. P lay s, p ag ean ts, concerts, lectu res, foru m s. 6. B all gam es, o th e r sp e c ta to r sp o rts. 7. D ances, circuses, fairs........................ A School attended during schedule year 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. C ig arettes: P ack ag es p e r w eek-------@ ............ i -------C igars: N u m b er p e r w eek ...................@ ---------4 -------TobflCCO* All ............... Smokers* supplies_______—_-_...._________ ____ T otal (1 -4 )...........................................-..................... X I. R E A D IN G $-------- $ ._____ — C 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Expense U n io n d u es, fees.......................................................................... $_______ B usiness a n d p ro fessio nal asso ciatio n d u es................................... T echn ical b o oks a n d jo u rn als______________________________ ___ S upplies a n d e q u ip m en t---------------------------------------- -----------------O th e r.___________________________________________________ 6. T o t a l ( 1 - 5 ) - ............................................................................. X IV. P R E V IO U S O C C U P A T IO N O F H U S B A N D 1. W as h u sb a n d ’s o ccu p atio n sam e d u rin g sch ed u le y e a r as in 1929? Y es □ N o □ 2. I f n o t, h is o ccu p atio n in 1929 w a s ___________________________ x L g IF T S , C O M M U N IT Y W E L F A R E , A N D T A X E S Expense for year Expens* for year T o t a l (1 -6 )............................ - ......... E Expense for year 4. B (notretool boob)boughtduringjear: Naaler— ooks 5. B rentals andlibraryfees, pnklieandrental librarios.. ook . B borrow frompublicandrental librarios: N bor. ooks ed nm 6 | H ig h est g rade com p leted by: 13. H u sb an d ... 14. W ife „ .......................... 15. Son o r d a u g h te r o v er 16 y ears w ith m o st schooling: o . S e x .................................. b. A g e .................................. 11. B o ard a t school o r col c. M em b er of econom ic lege— fam ily? 12. R o o m r e n t a t sch o o l o r _______ college___ ______ ____ _ Y es □ N o □ ________ X n i. O C C U P A T IO N A L E X P E N S E (n o t re p o rte d as b u sin essex p en se o r a s d ed u ctio n fro m g ross incom e) 1. N ew sp ap ers: D aily — 2. W eekly. 3. M ag azin es (su b scrip tio n s a n d single copies)------------- 7. D Expense for year 6. T o ta l, tu itio n (1 -5 D )____ $. 7. T o ta l, books a n d su p plies (1 -5 E )............................... 8. Special lessons..................... 9. O th er (excluding b o ard a n d re n t)______________ 10. T o t a l j& - 9 ) ................ OTHER RECREA TIO N 1. 2. 2 4 5. C Tuition Books Public Private and fees and sup* plies N u rsery school, k in d e rg a rte n . E le m e n ta ry s c h o o l___________ H ig h o r p re p a ra to ry school__ B usiness o r tech n ical school.. College, g ra d u a te , o r p ro fessio n al school.............................. . A B GAMES AND SPORTS R ad io : P u rch ase.................................. B atterie s, tu b es, rep airs,. M usical in stru m e n ts (sp ecify ).... S h eet m usic, p h o n o g rap h reco rd s------C am eras, film s, p h o to su p p lies............... C h ild ren ’s to y s, p la y eq u ip m en t-------P e ts (pu rch ase a n d c a re ).......................... E n te rta in in g in a n d o u t of h o m e------D u es to social a n d recreatio n al clu b s. O th er (specify)_____ T o t a l (1-19) X . TO B A C C O | Members attending Previous education 8. E q u ip m en t, supplies, fees, licenses (en ter y e a r’s expense fo r each ite m ): H u n tin g , $............................; F ish in g , $--------------------- ; C am p in g , $................; T ra p p in g (sp o rt), $ .................; H ik ing , $_______________ ; Riding* $.............................. ; B aseb all, $_______; T en n is, $— .........; G olf, $............... ; B icycles, $..................; S k ates, sled s, sk is, $— .........; B o ats, $.........B illiard s a n d bow ling, $....... ___ ; O th e r, $ .. C ard s, chess, o th e r gam es, 9. T o ta l (all item s 8 ) ------------10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20. B (3) 1. G ifts (C h ristm as, b irth d a y , o th er) to p erso n s n o t m em bers o f eco n o m ic fam ily (n o t c h a rity )--------2. C o n trib u tio n s to s u p p o rt re la tiv e s n o t m em bers of econom ic fam ily ----------------------------------------------3 . D o n atio n s to o th e r in d iv id u als. 4. C o m m u n ity ch est a n d o th e r w elfare agencies____ 5. C h u rch , S u n d a y school, m issions______ ____________ 6. T axes: P oll, incom e, p ersonal p ro p e rty (payable in schedule year, e x cep t b ack ta x e s)___________ 7. O th er________________________________________________ 8. T o t a l (1 -7 ).— .............................................................................. 14-CM O 262 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES X VL U SU A L F O O D E X P E N S E D U R IN G E A C H S E A S O N O F S C H E D U L E Y EAR A 1 Latest season of year 1 1 1 1 Earlier seasons 1 1 MnntYi* XT 11 FOOD AT BOMS 1 Per week Per month Per week Per month Per week Per month Per week Per month Per week Per month Food expense at — 1. Grocery or general store (ex cluding soap, matches, etc.) * * --------- $ $ S . « $_______ 4. Vegetable and fruit market Additional expense for food at home— Other food at home_________ T otal for week or month (1-8)............... 8. -9. 10. T otal for season_____ food away from bomb (Excluding meals while sway at school, Per week Per month Per week Per month Per week Per month Per week Per month Per week Per month and meals carried bom home) E x p en se for— 11. M eals a t work . 15. T.nnnhea a t nohool 13. Meals while traveling or on vaphiinn f l, Other meals away— Ttreelrf ftsts___ . . 15 T.iim'hPR 16, P in n e rs. — 17. Ice cream, candy___________ 18. Soft drinks, beer, etc................ 19. T otal for week or m o n th .. 20. T otal for season ____ total food e x p e n s e d u r in g s c h ed u le y ea r 21. Food at home (item 101_____ _ - __ 22. food raised at home or received as gift or fay DURING SCHEDULE YEAR Food away from home (item !20)_________ _____ 23. S _ ___ .... 25. T otal. ----------- -------- ----- Money value of food—• 24. Raised fop familv’a own nw> . 1 26. (4) Retjeived a s gift or p aj 7 _ T otal________ 14—3290 263 SCHEDULE FORM AND GLOSSARY X V n . A U T O M O B IL E S (ow ned a t a n y tim e d u rin g y ear) X IX. O T H E R T R A V EL A N D .T R A N S PO R T A T IO N . H o w m a n y m o n th s d u rin g y e a r d id y o u ow n: a 1 a u to m o b ile ,______m o s.; b 2 a u to m o b ile s,______m os.; c 3 a u to m o b ile s,------- m o s.; n o a u to m o b ile s,______ m os. 1. LOCAL—TO W ORK, SCHOOL, STOKES, ET C . B us, tro lley , ta x i, tra in , fe rry b o a t, r e n t o f a u to m o b ile_____________________________________________ OTHER TRAVEL (Excluding business travel) 2. R ailro a d (in clu d in g P u llm a n )— ____________ 3. In te ru rb a n b u s______________________________ 4. O th e r (specify vehicle).,. AUTOM OBILES OW NED AT EN D OF SCHEDULE YEAH PURCHASE AN D U P K E E P D U RIN G YEAR O f m o to rcy cle_________________________________ O f b o a t, airp lan e, o th e r v eh icle_______ 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 19______ 19______ G ross p rice of c a r b o u g h t d u rin g y e a r S. XXXX T rad e-in allow ance fo r u sed car, $______ XXXX N e t price of car b o u g h t (5 m in u s 6 )____ M o n th p u rc h a s e d -----------T erm s: C ash □ In s ta llm e n t □ T o ta l n u m b e r of m iles d riv en d u rin g y e a r (all ow ned cars) ................................m iles. 10. A verage m iles p e r gallo n of g a s o lin e ,— , m iles.____________ A GASOLINE B . . ______ XX. P E R S O N A L CA RE C Number of Expense gallons Season 1 1 . L a te s t 19 T o t a l ( 1 -6 )_________________________ , P ro p o rtio n of m o to rcy cle □ o r o th e r v ehicle □ expense ch arg eab le to b u sin ess.____ ______ _____ ___ __ $_.............. _____ ............. 14............................................................................................. 15......................................... ............................................... 16. T o t a l f o r t e a r (1 1 -1 5 )........................ — . Oil: N u m b er of q u a rts ----. T ires, tu b es: P u rch ase___ R ep airs, rep lac em en ts, service... G arag e re n t, p a rk in g ....................... 21. L icenses, in clu din g re g istra tio n fee... 22. Fines, d am ag es p a id to o th ers---------23. A utom obile in su ran ce (all ty p e s)___ 24. T olls (bridge, ferry , tu n n e l)................. 25. A ccessories (including au to m o b ile ra d io ).. O th er (including asso ciatio n d u es)________ T o t a l (7, 16, a n d 1 7 -2 6 )., P ro p o rtio n of au to m o b ile expense ch arg eab le to X V III. C L O T H IN G E X P E N S E (M ak e n o e n try if ch eck lis t is used) 1. W ife______ 2. H u sb a n d .. . W ife:. H a irc u t (usu al p rice, _______ ) , sh am poo, w aves, m an icu res, facials, o th e r . H u sb an d : H a irc u t (u su al p ric e ,_______ ) , sh av es, sh am p o o s, o t h e r _________________________________ . C h ild ren u n d e r 16: H a irc u ts (usu al p rice, _) , o th e r. O th er m em b e rs o f fam ily : H a irc u t (usu al p rice, ..............), o th e r............................................._ ....................... T O ILE T A RTICLES AND PREPA RA TIO N S . T o ilet soaps: -----------cak es a t................................. T o o th p a ste a n d p o w d er, m o u th w ash , etc... S h av in g so ap a n d cream ______ C old cream , p o w d er, ro u g e, n a il p o lish , p erfu m e.. B ru sh es, e tc., com bs, razo rs, files................. ................. O th er to ile t articles a n d p re p a ra tio n s.............. ........... T o t a l ( l-M ))............................................... ........................... XXI. E Q U IP M E N T O W N E D BY FA M IL Y A B | C Owned at end of schedule K IN D 0 7 EQ U IPM EN T Yes 1. 2. 3. 4. P ia n o P h o n o g ra p h ... ._ R a d io ... ______ _ R efrig erato r, electric____ ____ 5. O th er m ech an ical refrig erato r, fi. Tee box 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. No D j E If purchased In ‘schedule year Price purchased XXXX XXXX XXXX $.............. — P re s s u re c o o k e r W a s h in g m a c h in e , p o w e r W a sh in g m a c h in e , o th e r T ro n in g m a c h in e . V a c u u m c le a n e r.. Sew ing m ach in e, electric........... O th er sew ing m a c h in e ............... XXn. F U R N IS H IN G S A N D E Q U IP M E N T (M ak e n o e n try if check list is used) P u rch ased in schedule y e a r n o t in clu ded in item s 4 -1 3 , section X X I. T o ta l ex p en se fo r y ear, $................................................................ (5) 125018°—40----- 18 264 Exjgensefbr year I 5. Loss, o th e r th a n business loss ___ _ _ 1 6. F u n eral, cem etery y ear? Y esD N o □ 7. O th er______ _ 3. B ank service charges, safe deposit box---------------------------------------------T otal (1-7) 4. Legal expense (n o t business) . _____________________________________ .............................I| 8. XXIY. C H A N G ES IN FA M ILY A S SE T S A N D L IA B IL IT IE S D U R IN G S C H E D U L E Y E A R ____________1935 t o _____________ 193— ft 1. In te re st on d eb ts in cu rred for fam ily living o th er th a n m o rtg ag e on nw np^ linmp .. .. .._ __________ —_____—__ 2. D id fam ily h av e checking acco u n t a t a n y tim e d u rin g schedule (Excluding changes due to increases or decreases in the value of property which has not changed hands) CHANGES IN PROPERTY OWNED BY FAMILY AND AMOUNTS DUE FAMILY B | 0 A Changes in assets during schedule year .Money, stocks, real estate, other assets Net amount of increase Net amount of decrease 1- M oney in savings accounts __ 3. O n han d 4. In v estm e n ts in business £ "Rpa I pfllAfp* PiirrliAjap/I fl. Sold $ ........... . ft xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx Jft Sold xxxxxxxx 11. Im p ro v em ents on ow ned hom e.. _____ 12. Im p ro v em ents on o th er real esta te -------------13. Insu ran ce p rem ium s p aid (life, endow m ent, an n u ity ) . __ ____ 1d Prpfjupn o.y n f p aym pnf Insu ran ce policies surrendered______________ x x x x x x x x Insu ran ce policies settled -...................................... x x x x x x x x L oans m ad e by fam ily to o th ers during schedule y ear (balance n o t rep aid ).............. R ep ay m en ts to fam ily on loans m ade hftfrvrfi rMia Hii Ia ypftr xxxxxxxx 10 All nf.Vwar fnpf'f'ifiy’l 15. 16. 17. 18. 20 T o t a l (1-19) ft $ sm all lo an com panies.......................................... 24. N o tes d u e to in d iv id u als .. ______ .. Sold 21. M ortgages on ow ned hom e 2 2 . M o rtg a g e s o n o th e r re a l e s ta te 2 3 . N o tes d u e to b an k s, in su ran ce com panies, xxxxxxxx ft CHANGES IN DEBTS OWED BY FAMILY D E | » Changes in liabilities during schedule year Liabilities Net amount of Increase Net amount of decrease xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 2 5 . B a c k r e n ts (d u e b e fo re s c h e d u le y e a r) 26. 27. 28. 20. xxxxxxxx R en ts d u e in schedule y ear, u n paid________ B ack tax es (due before schedule y ear)_____ x x x x x x x x T a re s d u e in schedule y ear, u n p aid . CThA.r£P* fliuvninlfi dut* xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx 30. O th e r b ills due 31. P ay m e n ts o n in stallm e n t p u rch ases m ade p rio r to schedule y e a r (specify goods p u rch ased ): (a) xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx M ____ x x x x x x x x 32. B alance d u e on in stallm e n t p u rch ases m ade in schedule y ear (specify goods p u r chased): (a) ..................................- ...... (b ) ................................................. (c) ....................................... - ........................... M All o th ftr (npArify) 34. T o t a l (21-33)________________ xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx xxxxxxxx U— 3200 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES X X n i. O T H E R FA M ILY E X P E N S E Expense for II year II C la s s ific a t io n s a n d D e f i n it i o n s o f T e r m s U s e d in T e x t a n d T a b u la r Sum m ary The following glossary of terms is limited to those classifications and definitions needing explanation for the interpretation of the tabular and textual material on the summary of expenditures. Later publi cations, presenting more detailed data in particular fields of consump tion, will contain further definitions. Items appearing on the ex penditure schedule and on the expenditure summary which are not discussed in the present volume are omitted from the glossary. Any system of classifying goods and services necessarily has certain limitations and may not meet the needs of all groups or agencies which utilize the data. The classification adopted for the Study of Consumer Purchases is in substance one that has been found useful in other studies and which thus has the advantage of yielding comparable data. Since the uses to which specific goods may be put by consum ers vary considerably from family to family and even within the family circle, depending upon a multiplicity of factors, the decision to classify commodities in one category rather than another were necessarily arbitrary. The classifications determined upon have, however, been applied consistently throughout the tabulations. The expenditures of each family during the report year have been classified under 16 major groups of goods and services, as presented in table 2 of the Tabular Summary. This classification has been used over a period of years in similar studies of family living by such agencies as the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the Department of Labor and the Bureau of Home Economics of the Department of Agriculture. Specific definitions of terms should be prefaced by the explanation that, whenever a sales tax was in force in a particular community dur ing the period covered by the Study, the estimated total amount of sales tax paid for each taxable item appearing on the schedule was added to the total expense for the item. Family.—For purposes of the Study of Consumer Purchases, an economic family was defined as a group of persons belonging to the same household and dependent upon a common income.1 Expendi ture data were secured only from families including both a husband and a wife. 1 For more detailed definition, see vol. I of ttiis bulletin, glossary. 265 266 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES Family type.—Families were classified, according to the number and age of members, in one of seven types, as follows:2 Type I II III IV V VI VII No other persons (families of two). One child under 16 (families of three). Two children under 16 (families of four). One person 16 or over and one or no other person, regardless of age (families of three or four). One child under 16, one person 16 or over, and one or two others, regardless of age (families of five or six). Three or four children under 16 (families of five or six). One child under 16, and 4 or 5 others, regardless of age (fami lies of seven or eight). The above family types are based upon the equivalent number of persons under 16 years of age and the equivalent number 16 years or over in the economic family during the year. By the use of a conversion table the number of weeks of membership of persons in the economic family for only a portion of the schedule year is expressed in terms of equivalent members. If the economic family contained, in addition to the married couple, only one person who was a member for 26 weeks or less, he was not regarded as an equivalent member; had he been in the family for 27 weeks he would have been classified as one equiva lent member. If two persons, both of whom were under 16 years, were members of the economic family for a total of from 27 weeks through 78 weeks, together they counted as one equivalent member; had they been members for a total of from 79 through 130 weeks, they would have been counted as two equivalent members. The same method of computation applied to persons 16 and over. If, however, the family contained one person 16 years of age or over and one child under 16 years, each for less than 27 weeks, neither would be counted as a member of the economic family, although the period of membership for the two together equalled more than 26 weeks. Occupational group.—Families were also classified in one of seven groups: Wage earner, clerical, independent business, independent pro fessional, salaried business, salaried professional, and families with no gainfully employed members.3 In general, the wage-earner classi fication included all types of skilled, semiskilled, and unskilled manual jobs which are usually paid by the hour, day, or week, rather than on a monthly or annual salary basis. In the clerical classification were grouped store clerks and salesmen working for others, as well as office workers. Professional, semiprofessional, and technical workers were included in the independent professional group when employed on 2 See pietogram of family types, p. 3 above. 3 The occupational categories are based upon the Works Progress Administration’s Manual of Work D ivi sion Procedure, sec. 2, “ Occupational classification” (June 1935); and “Index of occupations,” Circ. No. 2A (September 1935). SCHEDULE FORM AND GLOSSARY 267 their own account, and in the salaried professional group when they were employed by others on a salary basis. Persons classified in the independent business group were entrepreneurs owning and operating businesses of any type. Also classified in the independent business category were families which derived the major portion of their earned income from roomers and boarders. The salaried business category consisted mainly of salaried managers and officials; chief officers of corporations drawing salaries, as well as minor executives, were thus classified in the salaried business group, even though some owned controlling interest in the business. The seventh category consisted of families that had no earnings from an occupation, whether due to re tirement, receipt of a pension, unemployment, or other causes. The occupational classification of a family was determined by the occupational group from which it derived the major portion of its earnings during the report year, whether that portion was contributed by one or more family members.4 Income.—The total income by which the family was classified included money income (derived from earnings and other sources such as interest, dividends, pensions, etc.), and in addition, non money income from housing (for owners, the difference between rental value of the home and current expense for interest, repairs, mortgages, and the like; for renters, the value of rent, received as a gift or pay). To arrive at the figure for earnings from gainful occupations of family members (wages, salaries, profits, and other withdrawals from business for family use, tips, commissions, and bonuses), occupa tional expenses were deducted. Similarly, the figures for earned income not attributable to individual members (i. e., income from family enterprises such as the keeping of roomers and boarders or casual work in the home) represented net rather than gross income from such sources. Items classified as nonearned money income were: Interest and dividends; rents from property; pensions, annui ties and benefits; gifts in cash, etc.6 Adjusted family income, presented in chapters I and IX, consists of total income plus the value of food and fuel obtained without money expense. Expenditures.—Money expenditures include all money expenses incurred during the report year for current family living, whether or not the full amount was paid during the year.6 Balances remaining unpaid at the end of the year were handled as increases in liabilities. Total expenditures include money expenditures and the value of 4 For more detailed statement, see vol. I of this bulletin, glossary. * This was not true in the case of a few items such as fire insurance premiums on owned homes and con tributions to the Community Chest. For these items only the amounts paid during the year were classed as expenditures. 6 For more detailed statement of the components of income as used in the study, see vol. I, glossary. F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C IT IE S 268 food and fuel obtained without money expense. Total expenditures are thus synonymous with “money value of current family living” defined below. Value of fa m ily living. —The money value of current family living consisted of money expenditures for current living, and the value of housing, food, and fuel obtained without direct money expense. The value of housing included the imputed net income from owned family and vacation homes and the rental value of housing received as gift or pay. (See below under nonmoney income from housing.) Surplus or deficit.—The difference between the family’s total money income for the year and its total money expenditure was, if a positive sum, a surplus, or, if a negative sum, a deficit. This sur plus or deficit was accounted for by one or more of a series of changes in assets and liabilities, described below. Receipts. —The term receipts has been used to designate current money income plus funds made available through liquidation of assets or through credit. Disbursem ents. —The term disbursements has been used to desig nate money expenditures for current family living plus money used to decrease debts incurred before the beginning of the report year or to increase assets. Balancing difference.—Due to the difficulty experienced by families, few of which kept detailed records, in accounting in toto for receipts and disbursements, a margin of tolerance was set up for discrepancies between the two. If the difference amounted to less than 5.5 percent of receipts or disbursements, whichever was larger, the schedule was tabulated, this amount being carried as a balancing difference. If the discrepancy was 5.5 or larger, the schedule was discarded. In cases where disbursements exceeded receipts, as accounted for by the family, the balancing difference was negative; if receipts exceeded disburse ments, the difference was positive. FOOD Included here were all family expenses for food, together with ex penditure for such items as ice cream, candy, soft drinks, beer, and alcoholic beverages. Cod-liver and haliver oil were also considered food. Nonfood articles which may be bought in grocery stores, such as cleaning supplies, matches, soap, tobacco, and food for pets were excluded from this category. Food at home.—A distinction was made between food purchased to be prepared at home and food purchased and eaten away from home. In the former category was included the cost of any food prepared at home but eaten away from home, such as home-prepared lunches for work, school, or picnics. Cost of articles such as coffee, milk, or S C H E D U L E F O R M A N D G L O S SA R Y 269 other food, bought at work or school to supplement the home prepared lunches, was classified with expense for food away from home. Food purchased to be prepared in a vacation home occupied by the family was classified as expense for food at home. The amount spent for food served to boarders was derived through use of the average expense per meal per equivalent adult (explained below), and was deducted from total expense for food at home, so that the figures shown in table 2, column 6, and table 3 of the Tabular Summary represent net family expense. Food away from home.—Included here was expense for meals at work and at school (except for food carried from home), including board at school, meals while traveling or on vacation (except for food prepared in a vacation home), meals purchased on a business trip for which there was no reimbursement by an employer, other meals eaten out, and ice cream and candy, soft drinks, and alcoholic beverages con sumed away from home. Expense for food away from home necessarily included in many cases some expense for service and entertainment as well as food costs proper. Value of food home-produced or received as a gift or pay .—A value was placed on all food which was raised for family consumption or given to the family as a gift or in lieu of cash payment for services. All such food was evaluated at the retail prices prevailing in the com munity. No deductions from the evaluation of home-produced food were made for the cost of seeds and implements or for the value or cost of labor. The money value of food received as gift or pay represents the net value of all food received free plus the value of food received as pay during the year by members of the family. If members of the family received a substantial number of free meals as guests in excess of the number of meals furnished to guests (not counting house guests, since they were treated as members of the household, though not of the economic family, for the period of their stay), the value of meals so received in excess of those furnished was tabulated. An evaluation was made of meals which were furnished to members of the family without charge by the employer or paid for from expense accounts. Examples of such instances are salesmen reimbursed for meals taken while traveling, students working for their board at school, or waiters who received meals as part of their pay. Likewise, if the owner of a store or an employee occasionally brought home food which he received from his place of business with out payment, such food was evaluated at local retail prices and included in the total value of food received without direct money expense. However, if the store proprietor charged himself for food which he brought home regularly for family consumption, the retail 270 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES value of such food was added to his money earnings and the goods were entered as purchases in the subsection for food at home. Average expenditure per meal per equivalent adult.—In recognition of the variations in quantity, and thus in expense, of food consumption among persons of different ages, the following scale of relative demand for various persons served from the family food supply was adopted:7 R ela tiv e fo o d e x p e n se 20 years of age and over_______________________________ 13 to 19 years________________________________________ 6 to 12 years_________________________________________ Under 6 years_________________________________________ P erson 1. 0 1. 1 .9 .6 These relatives were applied whether the person was a member of the economic family or a boarder, guest, or domestic servant. The relative factor applied to nurses for the sick was 0.9. The term equivalent adult is used in the text as representing one food expendi ture unit. It was assumed that 21 meals per week were eaten by each member of the economic family during that portion of the report year spent at home. For other members of the household (boarders, house guests, household help, and nurses) the actual number of meals eaten was ascertained. The average expense per meal per equivalent person was derived by dividing the total family food expense (after subtraction of expense for food eaten while traveling or on vacation) by the total number of equivalent person meals. In order to determine the expense for meals served to boarders the average expense per meal per food expenditure unit was multiplied by the total number of meals served to boarders; the resulting sum was deducted from the total family expense for food at home. HOME MAINTENANCE Housing expense.—Each family reported expense incurred during the report year, for family home and other housing. Average amounts for renting families are based on the rental rate contracted for, minus any concessions granted by the landlord, and plus any repairs paid by the tenant. Housing expense for renting families included fuel, light, and/or refrigeration when one or more of these items was included in the rental rate. For owning families, all expense incurred for repairs, interest, insurance, and the like was included. Because of the fact that fuel, light, and refrigeration were included in the rent paid by many renting families, all tables in the text of the report that show housing expense include fuel, light, and refrigeration with housing. In tables 2, 4, and 4-A of the Tabular Summary, however, housing expense does not include fuel, light, and refrigeration. f This scale of food relatives was developed from data secured from the Bureau of Home Economics of the Department of Agriculture, which furnished information on standard food allowances, based on actual food expense records, differentiated by age, sex, and activity. S C H E D U L E F O R M A N D G L O S SA R Y 271 No attempt was made to apportion and deduct from family expense an amount for space rented to roomers. Since, however, expenditure data were not taken from families having the equivalent of more than one lodger throughout the year, the value of such space was not an important item to the families. Housing expense incurred during the report year and not paid by the end of the year was included here and also carried as an increase in liabilities. Fam ily home.—Average expense, as shown in table 4, column 8, includes only expense for living quarters occupied by the family group, whether such quarters were rented or owned. Other housing.—Included in housing expense as shown in table 2, but shown separately in table 4, column 9, is expense for vacation home, lodging while traveling, and room at school. Expenses for a vacation home, whether owned or rented, were of the same type as for a family home. If a family owned a vacation home and rented it out during any part of the schedule year, the total rent received was subtracted from total expense incurred for the home and only the net amount was tabulated. If the rent received exceeded expenses for the year, no net expense was incurred and the positive balance was included as a part of the family’s income. Excluded from expense for lodging while traveling was the amount paid by a family member while traveling on business or while working out of town. These amounts were considered occupational expense and were deducted from gross earnings in arriving at family income. H ousing received without direct money expenditure. —See below under nonmoney income from housing. Expenditures fo r rented homes and owned homes.—For the purpose of comparing the housing expenses of home owners and renters (table 4-A, columns 6 and 7) a family was classified as renting only if it rented during the entire year (and received no rent as gift or pay), and as owning only if it occupied an owned home during the entire year. Expense for renters includes only expense for dwelling quarters occupied by the entire family group. The number of months of occupancy of the rented home was multiplied by the monthly rental rate to obtain the total amount of rent paid. From this sum was deducted the value of any rental concessions received by the family. Concessions were distinguished from rent as pay or gift and defined as occupancy given free by the landlord for a limited time as an in ducement to the family to rent the living quarters. To the total rent paid was added the value of repairs or improvements paid for by the tenant, if the landlord did not reimburse the family. Rental expenses incurred but not paid during the schedule year were included here, and also carried as an increase in family liabilities. Housing expense for owned home for the year included interest on 272 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES the mortgage, refinancing charges, taxes payable, expense for repairs and replacements, special assessments, and premiums for fire, tornado, or earthquake insurance on the home. For all these items except insurance, the expense figure refers to amounts incurred during the schedule year, whether or not they were entirely paid before the end of the year. Balances remaining unpaid were carried as increases in liabilities. In the case of insurance premiums, no attempt was made to prorate payments for previous or coming years as an allocation of expense for the schedule year. Structural additions and other per manent improvements to the home were not classed as current ex penditures for housing but as increases in assets. (See below, assets and liabilities.) If the home owned and occupied by the family was a two-family or multiple-family house, only that portion of the expense which applied to the living quarters of the owner’s family was included as expense of owned home. The basis for this allocation was the comparative monthly rental values of the dwelling units under consideration. The remaining expense was deducted from gross rents, to derive a net figure which was added to the family’s income. Facilities included in rent.—Families that were renting their homes at the end of the schedule year were asked to state which of a specified list of housing facilities were furnished by the landlord and covered by the rental rate for the living quarters. These data are presented in table 4-A of the Tabular Summary. Facilities were not considered to have been included in the rent if the family paid separate amounts for their use, over and above the rental for the living quarters themselves. Nonmoney income from housing.—An attempt was made to evaluate all housing received without direct expense, whether in the form of rent as pay or gift, or of imputed income from an owned family home or an owned vacation home. Average amounts of such value are shown in table 4, columns 10-12, Tabular Summary. If a family received any rent as part of wages or salary, as in the case of a minister, a resident manager, or a janitor, the estimated monthly rental value was multiplied by the number of months such premises were occupied, and the resulting amount was included as a part of the family’s income. If a family occupied rent free during any part of the schedule year, a home that was owned by a relative or friend, the rental value was estimated for the period, and from it was subtracted any housing expense incurred by the family in connec tion with such occupancy. The net figure was then added to the family’s income. Housing furnished to individual family members while away from home, whether as gift or in return for services, was not included in nonmoney income from housing, which relates solely to housing that served as the family home. SCHEDULE FORM AND GLOSSARY 273 Much more important, on the average, than rent as pay or gift, was imputed income from owned home. If a family during any part of the schedule year occupied a home owned by a member of the family the rental value of this home was estimated (in relation to rental rates on equivalent quarters) for the period of occupancy. From this sum were deducted all expenses incurred for the home, for interest on a mortgage, repairs, taxes, special assessments, and pre miums for insurance, during the period of occupancy. The remaining amount was considered as imputed income from housing, and included as a nonmoney part of the family’s total income. If the expenses were greater than the estimated rental value, the family was considered to have had a negative income from housing. The net effect was to place many home owners in a higher-income class ($250 intervals) than if they had been classified on the basis of money incomes alone. Fuel gathered by the family or received as gift was valued at local retail prices. H ou sehold o p eratio n .—Household operation expenses included amounts incurred or paid for heating and cooking fuels, light, and refrigeration, for paid household help, and for other household items such as water rent, telephone, laundry, and cleaning supplies. The expense for operating both family and vacation homes which were occupied by the family was included in the total operation expense. If certain expenses for operation, such as fuel, light, or water rent, were paid by the family for a period when the home was rented to some other family, such expenses were excluded from the scheduled family’s total household operation expense and were deducted from the gross rents received in computing net income from rent. The average expense for fuel, light, and refrigeration, as shown in table 2, column 8; table 4, column 5; and table 5, column 5, of the Tabular Summary is an understatement of expense for this category since, in the case of renters, one or more of these items was sometimes included in the rent, and covered by the rental rate. P a id household h elp .—Included in this subsection was the expense for the employment of household help, both full and part time, by the family during the year. Nursemaids were classified as household help, but the fees charged by nurses caring for the sick were grouped with medical care. Ex pense for the employment of seamstresses for the duration of a specific job to make or repair clothing for the family, or to sew household linens or make slip covers was included with expense for clothing and furnishings, respectively. The cost of employing a laundress was included in this subsection only if the laundry work was done on the family’s premises. 274 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES Besides the cash wages paid by the family to servants, the total expense for household help included carfare for which the servants were reimbursed by the family, and the amounts spent by the family during the year to outfit their servants, as well as amounts given in tips and presents to doormen, elevator men, and delivery boys not directly employed by the family. The money value of gifts which did not represent a direct money expense to the family was not included in the expense of household help. Meals furnished to servants by the family were considered a part of family food expense rather than part of the wages paid. Other items oj household operation expense.—Grouped in this sub section were expenditures for such items of household operation as water rent, telephone, laundry sent out, laundry soap and other clean ing supplies, stationery and postage, telegrams, moving charges, express and freight fees, household disinfectants and insecticides, wood and metal polishes, paper products for household use, and fees for garbage and ash removal. Furnishings and equipment.—Classified as furnishings and equip ment were kitchen, cleaning, and laundry equipment, furniture, glass ware and china, silverware, household textiles, floor coverings, lug gage, and gardening equipment. Included in this grouping also were articles of household equipment such as mechanical refrigerators, ice boxes, pressure cookers, washing and ironing machines, vacuum cleaners, and sewing machines. Yard goods for the making of household linens, draperies, and slip covers, as well as the cost of paid help for sewing these articles were likewise combined with expense for furnishings. Premiums paid for fire and theft insurance on furnishings, expense for repairs, the cleaning of furnishings and equipment, and fees for renting furniture were also incorporated in this group of expenditures. Premiums paid during the year for insurance on furnishings were included in the total regard less of the duration of the insurance which the premium covered. The recorded prices of furniture and equipment included charges for financing articles bought on an installment plan. If, in the purchase of any of these items, a used article of the same kind was traded in, the amount recorded was the net price, that is, the gross price minus the trade-in allowance. CLOTHING Besides those articles ordinarily regarded as clothing, the following items were also so classified: Accessories such as gloves, handkerchiefs, purses, umbrellas, jewelery, ties and collars, belts, garters, and suspend ers; yard goods, yarns, and findings for clothing made at home, the cost of paid help for the making of clothing, dry-cleaning and pressing of clothing; repair of shoes and charges for shoeshines; fees for renting SCHEDULE FORM AND GLOSSARY 275 articles of clothing; flowers for personal wear; premiums paid for in surance on clothing and jewelery. These items of expense were allo cated to the individual members for whom the expense was incurred. Articles of clothing purchased for wear at work and special clothing bought for participation in sports were included with clothing. PERSONAL CARE T oilet a rticles a n d p re p a ra tio n s .—Under “toilet articles and prepara tions” were included the following items: Toilet soaps, dentifrices, shaving soaps and creams, facial and hand creams and lotions, powders, rouge and lipsticks, perfumes, and* equipment for personal care such as brushes and combs, razors, files, scissors, curling irons, hair dryers, powder puffs, and sanitary supplies. P erso n a l services .—The following items were classified as services: Haircuts, shampoos, shaves, all types of waves, manicures, facials, eyebrow trims, dyeing and dressing of hair, Turkish baths. Tips to barbers and beauty operators were combined with the charge for the service. TRANSPORTATION A u tom obile expense .—Data on automobile expense refers to auto mobiles driven by the family which were used either partly or wholly for family purposes. Expense for operation of automobiles used entirely for business purposes was not regarded as a family expense, but was included with other deductible expenses in arriving at net earnings of the family. “Family” use of a car was defined as operation of the car for such purposes as transportation to and from work, school, theater, and shopping centers, as well as for vacation travel and driving for pleasure. The use of the family car in pursuit of one’s gainful occupation was defined as business use of an automobile. The most common example of this is the use of the family car by a physician or a salesman for making professional or business calls. The procedure used by the agent in obtaining information on auto mobile expense was to ask for the total annual expense for each item specified on the schedule. If the family used its automobile partly for family and partly for business purposes, the agent then asked the family to estimate the proportion of the use which was chargeable to business. This was expressed as a percentage, and represented the proportion of business use over the period of the entire schedule year. The family was asked to base its estimate of the proportion of automobile used applicable to business on the mileage and the amount of time during which the car was so used. The complement of this proportion, representing the expense appli cable to family use, was then applied to each item of operating expense, as well as to the net purchase price of a car bought during the year. 276 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES Since further refinement of the data was not feasible, the same per centage was applied to each item of expense; no account was taken of internal variations in business use as between different items, as the family was asked to report the over-all percentage. The amount of the total operating expenses which was chargeable to business was regarded as an occupational expense deductible from gross earnings. Likewise, the proportion of the net purchase price of an automobile bought during the schedule year which was chargeable to business (in the same proportion as the operating expense) was re garded as an investment of the family funds in business and was so classified in the section showing assets and liabilities, unless this amount had been excluded from the total income originally reported on the family schedule. However, the total amount still owing on such a car at the end of the year was recorded as a debt in the section on assets and liabilities, without distinction between family and business proportions. Included in the gross purchase price of a car were financing charges other than for insurance when the car was purchased on the install ment plan. The net price of a car bought during the year was derived by subtracting from the gross contract price the amount allowed on the trade-in of another car. The expense for operation included the following items: gasoline, oil, tires and tubes, repairs and service, garage rent, parking fees, licenses including registration fees, fines and damages paid, automo bile insurance, tolls, accessories for the car, and association dues. In addition to the cost of operating a car owned by the family, operation expenditures included the amount paid or shared by a family member for operating a car owned by someone not a member of the economic family. The percentage of families owning automobiles, shown on table 8, column 4, of the Tabular Summary, includes all families reporting ownership for one or more months during the schedule year. This percentage included families which purchased either new or used cars or both during the year, as well as families which had purchased cars prior to the schedule year. The percentage of families operating automobiles, shown in text table 25, was determined by the number of families reporting any operating expenditures. Hence, a family which shared the cost of operating a car owned by someone not a member of the economic family was classified as an operator. Furthermore, since fees for drivers’ licenses were included as operating expense, a family which neither owned a car nor shared actual operating expense might be classified as an operator. On the other hand, if a family owned a car but incurred no operation expense during the year (not even storage nor license fees), the family was not classified as an operator. These SCHEDULE FORM AND GLOSSARY 277 factors account for the difference in the percentage of families oper ating automobiles as shown in text table 25 and in the percentage of families owning automobiles shown in Tabular Summary, table 8. Other travel and transportation.—The cost of transportation other than by automobile was designated as “other travel and transporta tion.” As in the case of automobile expense, travel for business pur poses was excluded from the record of family expenditures. Daily travel to and from work was regarded as a family expense. Besides the cost of transportation on public vehicles, there was combined under this heading the amount spent for the purchase and operation of vehicles other than automobiles, such as a motorcycle, boat, or airplane. If, however, these vehicles were maintained pri marily for recreational purposes, the expense was classified as an expenditure for recreation. MEDICAL CARE Data on expenditures for medical care include all expense incurred for the care of members of the economic family during the schedule year. The total medical care bill covered fees of physicians, dentists, oculists, and other specialists, cost of hospitalization and nurses’ fees, fees for medical examinations and tests, cost of medicines, drugs, and medical appliances and supplies, and health or infirmary fees paid at college. Included also was the amount paid out for premiums on insurance which provided benefits in case of sickness or accident, as well as the cost of subscribing to cooperative “hospital plans” and membership dues to group health associations. When accident or sick benefits were included in a life insurance policy, the proportion of the total premiums which applied to health insurance was ascer tained and grouped with medical care expense. A similar procedure was followed with respect to dues to fraternal organizations if dues covered the cost of health and accident insurance. Amounts which employers of family members deducted from wages or salaries for accident or health insurance were included with medical care expense. In these instances, the amount deducted was now added to wages if such amounts had originally been excluded in determining the income of the family. Benefits received during the year from health and accident insur ance were included with current money income and the expense for the illness was recorded as an expense for medical care. RECREATION Expenditures for recreation covered admission fees to commercial entertainments, the cost of supplies and equipment for participating in games and sports, and expense for miscellaneous entertainment items. * 278 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES Paid admissions to movies, plays, concerts, lectures, ball games and other spectator sports, dances, and circuses were included in the expense for recreation. The expense for commercial entertainment covered the amounts spent by the family for paid admissions for their guests, but food and refreshments bought for guests was classified as food expense. Included in the recreation category was the cost of equipment, supplies, fees, and licenses necessary for participation in games and sports such as hunting, tennis, golf, the various winter sports, bicycling, billiards and bowling, card and other table games. Expense for lodging while on vacation was classified as housing, rather than as recreation expense. In the case of summer camps, when no alloca tion of the total expense could be made by the family, one-fourth of the total was classified with recreation expense. The cost of food on vacation trips was classified with other food expense. Expense for sport uniforms or sport clothes was classified with other clothing expense. Expenditures for a vacation cruise were divided among food, lodging, and travel, and were not classified as recreation expense. The third subdivision of recreation expense covered expenditures for such items as the purchase and repair of radios (not automobile), of musical instruments, care of pets, the cost of children’s and play equipment; and dues to social and recreational clubs were also defined as expense for recreation. TOBACCO Besides the outlay for cigars, cigarettes, and other tobacco, total tobacco expenditures included the amount spent for smoking supplies such as pipes, pipe cleaners and racks, cigarette holders, tobacco pouches, and ash trays. Smoking stands, however, were grouped with furniture. READING Expenditures for reading consisted of outlay for general reading matter such as newspapers and magazines, and the purchase and rental of books. The cost of books and journals which family members purchased for use in their occupational pursuits was deducted from their earnings and thus was treated as an occupational expense. Books and journals purchased for use at schools attended by members of the family were combined with expense for education. Picture books for very young children who were members of the economic family were con sidered toys and incorporated with expense for recreation. EDUCATION The total expenditures for education consisted of tuition fees and cost of books and supplies for all formal educational pursuits, whether SCHEDULE FORM AND GLOSSARY 279 for initial training, for recreational purposes, or for improving one’s occupational qualifications. The cost of room and board at school or college was included under housing and food expense, respectively. Included in the total expense for education was the cost of lessons in music and art, bridge, games and sports, dancing, knitting and sewing, tuition for religious education that was separate from church dues, and fees for correspondence courses. The supplies for special lessons, however, were not as a rule combined with education expense, but were entered in more appropriate sections of the schedule. For instance, supplies for music lessons, such as sheet music and instru ments, were grouped with recreation expense. The same is true of supplies for bridge lessons and of special equipment for lessons in various types of sports. Special clothing for dancing was classified as clothing expense, as were supplies for knitting and sewing lessons. CONTRIBUTIONS AND PERSONAL TAXES Expenditures for gifts which were recorded in this section of the schedule were restricted to gifts and donations made by family members to persons outside the economic family and to organiza tions. Presents bought by one family member for another were classified in appropriate sections of the schedule. Gifts to household help and other servants were combined with expense for paid help, while the amount of tips given to persons per forming a personal service, such as waitresses, hairdressers, and the like, was added to the expense for the service in question. Classified in this category were expenditures for presents for special occasions to persons outside the economic family, contributions to the support of relatives not members of the family, charitable dona tions to individuals and to community chests and other welfare agen cies, donations to church and religious organizations, and contribu tions to political parties, alumni associations, and the like. Contributions to the support of relatives usually covered such items as cash given to relatives for current living expenses, bills paid (not incurred) for nonmembers of the family for such items as medical care, or for funeral expenses assumed by the family. Amounts paid in premiums for the insurance of persons who were not members of the economic family were also included in gifts made by the family, regardless of the beneficiary of the policy. The purchase price of gifts of property, such as real estate or stocks and bonds, was included with the total expense for gifts if the property was purchased during the schedule year. Poll, income, and personal property taxes which fall due within the schedule year were incorporated in the total for this section. If the taxes remained unpaid at the end of the year they were also. 1 2 5 0 1 8 ° — 4 0 ------- 19 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 280 entered as an increase in family liabilities. Excluded from the taxes entered here were real property taxes and personal property taxes on automobiles. Sales and other excise taxes were added to the price of each item of expense rather than recorded as a lump sum, and amusement taxes were included with recreation expense. OTHER ITEMS OF FAMILY EXPENSE Miscellaneous items of family expenditure which were not readily classifiable with other major groups of consumer goods and services were combined under this heading. This included expenditures for such items as interest on debts incurred for family living (other than mortgage on an owned home), fees for legal advice on family problems as opposed to business matters, family losses, cost of funerals for members of the economic family, together with the purchase price and upkeep of a cemetery lot. Classified as family loss was the amount of money lost through theft or accident, personal loans made during the year which were written off at some time during the year as uncollectible, rent paid for a dwelling after the family had moved from it, or before the family had moved into it, and the amount of installments paid during the year on articles which were repossessed through failure to meet further payments. ASSETS AND LIABILITIES The difference between the family’s total money income for the year and its total expenditures was accounted for, apart from the balanc ing difference, by one or more of a series of changes in assets and liabilities. Assets include all property owned by the family and amounts due to the family; liabilities include all amounts owed by the family. Among assets, as discussed in chapter IX of the text above, were bank accounts (including checking accounts, savings accounts, and money on hand), investments (including real estate, securities, invest ments of family funds in business), insurance (premiums paid or policies settled or surrendered), and such items as improvements on owned home or other real estate, loans made to others, and that portion of the soldiers’ bonus or of a cash gift or inheritance received during the schedule year which was not spent for current living. Among liabilities were amounts payable on mortgages on the family home or other real estate, loans due to banks, small-loan companies, insurance companies, or individuals, bills due (including charge accounts and other bills and balances due on installment purchases), and other items such as rents and taxes due. The record was restricted to money changes, that is, changes in assets and liabilities resulting from purchase and sale of property, and 281 other money transactions. Changes in assets due to the increase or decrease in market value of real estate, securities, or other personal property were disregarded unless such property was sold. The record was restricted to the disposition of family funds; business funds were excluded from the analysis. No attempt was made to determine the total assets or the total liabilities of the families. Rather, they were asked to report only as to increases and decreases that had taken place during the scheduled year. For instance, instead of recording as a liability the total amount which the family owed on installment purchase contracts, only the amount by which such obligations at the end of the year was greater or less than the sum owed at the beginning of the year was ascertained. In determining the amount of net surplus or of net deficit attrib utable to each family, four separate totals were obtained. These were: net amount of increase in assets, net amount of decrease in assets, net amount of increase in liabilities, and net amount of decrease in liabilities. The sum of the total increase in assets plus the total decrease in debt, represents the disposition of funds not used for current expendi tures during the schedule year. The sum of the total decrease in assets and the total increase in debt represents funds which were made available to the family for current spending but which were not considered current income. The difference between these two sums gave the net change in all assets and obligations over the year’s period. A positive result denoted a net surplus or an excess of assets over debts, while a negative figure denoted a net deficit, or excess of liabilities over assets. SCHEDULE FORM AND GLOSSARY A p p e n d ix C C o m m u n itie s a n d R a c ia l G r o u p s S u r v e y e d b y t h e S t u d y o f C on su m er P u rch ases The cities covered by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in reports on family expenditures in the Study of Consumer Purchases are as follows: Region Metropolitan and large cities Middle-sized cities Small cities New York, N. Y.i 2____ Haverhill, Mass___________ Greenfield, Mass. Providence, R. I_ ____ New Britain, Conn________ Wallingford, Conn. Westbrook, Maine. Willimantic, Conn. Atlanta, Ga.2__________ Columbia, S. C.2 Southeast-. _______ Mobile, Ala.2 Muncie, Ind _ _ Beaver Falls, Pa. East Central _____ Chicago, 111.*____ New Castle, Pa. Connellsville, Pa. Columbus, Ohio.2 Springfield, 111. Logansport, Ind. Mattoon, 111. Peru, Ind. W e st Central-Rocky Omaha, Nebr.-Council Dubuque, Iowa____________ Billings, Mont. Bluffs, Iowa. Mountain. Denver, Colo. Springfield, Mo. Butte, Mont. Pueblo, Colo. Pacific Northwest Portland, Oreg_______ Aberdeen-Hoquiam, Wash. Bellingham, Wash. Everett, Wash. N ortheast _ ______ 1 The metropolitan centers of Chicago and New York have been treated separately from the other large cities. 2Information obtained from both white and Negro families. Communities covered by the Bureau of Home Economics in reports on family expenditures in the Study of Consumer Purchases, are as follows: Region New England.. Central. Small cities Mount Vernon, Ohio___ New Philadelphia, Ohio. Beaver Dam, Wis. Lincoln, 111. Boone, Iowa. Moberly, Mo. Columbia, Mo. Mountain and Plains. Billings, M ont_________ Butte, Mont. Dodge City, Kans. Greeley, Colo. Logan, Utah. Provo, Utah. Pacific. Astoria, Oreg__________ Eugene, Oreg. Klamath Falls, Oreg. Olympia, Wash. Southeast: White and Negro fam Albany, Ga____________ ilies. Gastonia, N . O. Griffin, Ga. Sumter, S. O. White families only Negro families only 282 Villages 6 in Vermont______ 8 in Massachusetts. 7 in Pennsylvania. _ 6 in Ohio. 8 in Michigan. 6 in Wisconsin. 8 in Illinois. 11 in Iowa. 6 in Kansas_______ 9 in North Dakota. 4 in Colorado. 1 in Montana. 2 in South Dakota. 12 in California____ 5 in Oregon. 7 in Washington. 8 in Georgia________ 7 in South Carolina. 8 in North Carolina. 10 in Mississippi. 1 in Mississippi. Farm counties 2 in Vermont. 3 in New Jersey. 1 in Pennsylvania. 3 in Ohio. 1 in Michigan. 1 in Wisconsin. 4 in Illinois. 5 in Iowa. 4 in Kansas. 4 in North Dakota. 3 in Colorado. 1 in Montana. 1 in South Dakota. 1 in central California. 2 in southern California. 5 in Oregon. 1 in Washington. 2 in North Carolina. 2 in Mississippi. 2 in South Carolina. 7 in Georgia. 2 in North Carolina. 4 in South Carolina. 1 in Georgia. 2 in Mississippi. COMMUNITIES AND RACIAL GROUPS SURVEYED 283 An investigation of the income and money disbursements of families of wage earners and clerical workers was undertaken by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in the fall of 1934 for the purpose of revising the cost of living index published currently by the Bureau. The data from that investigation cover 1 year within the period 1934-36 and include details on income, family composition, expenditures for prin cipal categories and for detailed items of consumption for a total sam ple of 14,668 families of employed wage earners and lower salaried clerical workers in 42 cities, all with population over 50,000. Data on quantities of food, clothing and furnishings, and equipment pur chased; on types of medical care received; and on changes in assets and liabilities are also included. A summary of these findings is presented in United States Bureau of Labor Statistics Bulletin No. 638. The individual cities for which data are available and the bulletins in which the detailed data appear are as follows: N orth A tlan tic R egion , N ew Y ork C ity Negro families. N orth A tlan tic R egion , Eleven C ities (B. L. S. Bull. 637, Vol. I): White and (B. L S. Bull. 637, Vol. II): Boston, Mass. Pittsburgh, Pa. (white and Negro families). Buffalo, N. Y. Portland, Maine. Johnstown, Pa. Rochester, N. Y. Lancaster, Pa. Scranton, Pa. Manchester, N. H. Philadelphia, Pa. (white and Springfield, Mass. families). E ast N orth C entral Region, (B. L. S. Bull. Grand Rapids, Mich. Cincinnati, Ohio (white and Negro Indianapolis, Ind. (white and Negro families). families). Cleveland, Ohio. Lansing, Mich. Columbus, Ohio. Milwaukee, Wis. Detroit, Mich. L. S. Bull. 641): W est N orth Central and M ou n tain Region Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minn. Denver, Colo. St. Louis, Mo. (white and Negro Kansas City, Mo. and Kansas City, families). Kans. (white and Negro fam Salt Lake City, Utah. ilies) . Southern Region (B. L. S. Bull. 640): Memphis, Tenn. (white and Negro Baltimore, Md. (white and Negro families). * families). Mobile, Ala. (white and Negro Birmingham, Ala. (white and Negro families). families). New Orleans, La. (white and Negro Dallas, Tex. families). Houston, Tex. (white other than Norfolk and Portsmouth, Va. (white Mexican and Mexican families). 284 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES (B. L. S. Bull. 640)—Continued. and Negro families). Jackson, Miss, (white and Negro families). Richmond, Va. (white and Negro families). Jacksonville, Fla. Louisville, Ky. (white and Negro families). P acific R egion (B. L. S. Bull. 639): San Diego, Calif. Los Angeles, Calif, (white other San Francisco, Calif. than Mexican and Mexican fam Seattle, Wash. ilies) . Sacramento, Calif. Southern R egion A p p e n d ix D A n a ly s is o f E x p e n d it u r e s b y F a m ilie s o f G iv e n T y p e , O c c u p a tio n a l G r o u p , a n d I n c o m e : R a n k T e s t M e th o d a n d R e s u lts 1 One of the purposes of the present study is to discover whatever differences there may be in the expenditure patterns of families of different composition that belong to the same income and occupa tional group, and likewise differences in the expenditure patterns of families in different occupational groups but of the same composition and the same income class. The determination of such differences is complicated both by the extreme variability of the expenditures of families of the same composition, occupational group, and income class in any one year, and by the small number of schedules which it was possible to secure for one cell within the time and funds available for the present study. Emergencies of various sorts, differences in debts carried over from the previous year or in accumulated reserves and in personal tastes result in very wide differences in expenditures among families with identical incomes, with children of the same age, and with fathers of the same occupational status. In any extensive investigation of family expenditures, the classification of families must allow for a range of income within each cell, a range in the ages of the children, and the grouping of occupations, thus increasing the possibility of variation. An examination of the average expenditures of families of a given type, occupational group, and income class emphasizes the need for developing some method of summarizing the differences and of test ing their significance. The method used in this report is based on a chi-square test de veloped by Milton Friedman and reported in the Journal of the American Statistical Association for December 1937. For a description of the application of this method to this problem, see Bulletin 642, volume II, appendix D. Application o f the Method. Rank tests were made of the average expenditures of native white families for each of the major groups of expenditures by family type and by occupation, the results of which are summarized in tables 3 and 4. i Prepared by A. C. Rosander. 285 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 286 The family-type tests were based upon three family-type groups— I, II and III, IV and V—the ranks being based upon the sums of the occupational averages within each income class and each family-type group. The occupational tests were based on five occupational groups for Atlanta, and four of the middle-sized city unit, the ranks being based upon the sums of the averages of the three family-type groups within each income class and each occupational group. The number of Negro families in the white-collar occupations was so small that family-type or occupational tests on the expenditures of these families were not justified. Certain combinations of items made throughout the study were followed in making the tests. Housing expense includes the cost of fuel, light, and refrigeration. Housing value is housing expense plus free rent and imputed value of owned home. Automobile expense includes both that of purchase and that of operation. Tables 3 and 4 present for each test, for each item, the deviations of the sums of ranks from the average sum expected. A negative value means that the sum of ranks for a given family type or occupation, the summation extending over all income classes used, is less than the average sum expected; a positive value means the sum of ranks is more than the average sum expected. The value, P k, gives the probability of getting by chance a value of k larger than the one obtained. If this probability is 0.05 or less, we have grounds for rejecting the hypothesis that the average expendi tures for that specific item came from the same expenditure universe. We show three levels of probability as follows: 0.05+ means a value of P greater than 0.05. 0.05— means a value of P between 0.05 and 0.01. 0.01— means one less than 0.01. A test of significance is much more effective in rejecting a hypothesis than in proving one, and this, together with the limitations of the rank test, should caution the reader against making any sweeping generaliza tions from the test results. At best they suggest hypotheses for further and more refined testing. ANALYSTS OF EXPENDITURES T able 3. 287 — S u m m ary of fa m ily type and occupation m ean rank tests A T L A N T A : W H IT E F A M IL IE S INCOM E RANGE $l,250-$3,000 6 5 0 4 -3 -4 -1 6 4 -2 -2 -1 -5 6 -4 -5 1 72 62 8 24 38 26 6 62 32 24 24 6 42 72 32 62 42 4 4.5 6 5 2 -1 -3 6 4 6 -1 -1 0 8.5 9 -1 -3 5 -9 4 -3 -7 5 -2 5 4 2 9 -3 -9 2 3 - . 5 -4 .5 1 -6 -2 .5 -1 .5 0 -2 3 2 -1 - .5 -3 .5 - 4 3 -1 1 2 0 -4 Wage earner 0 .0 1 .0 1 .05+ .05+ .0 5 .05+ .05+ .0 1 .05+ .05+ .05+ .05+ .0 5 .0 1 .05+ .0 1 .0 5 - IV-V 0 1 2 -2 5 1 2 -5 0 -2 4 2 4 0 0 -1 4 Clerical ! Salaried business III-II -6 -6 -2 -2 -2 3 -1 -1 -4 4 -2 -1 1 -6 4 6 -5 Independent pro fessional and business •* ft* Item Food____ ____ ________ Clothing______ ________ Housing expense 3__ ___ Housing value 4_______ Household operation___ Furnishings. _______ Auto, total____ - ___ Other transportation___ Personal care_________ Medical care_______ _ Recreation __ __________ Tobacco. ________ ______ Reading _ __________ Education_____ ________ Gifts and taxes. _______ Changes in assets and liabilities. ___________ Total_____ _______ Occupation tests (family types I, II-III, IV-V combined), occupational deviations 2 Salaried profes sional Family-type t e s t s (all occupations combined), family-type deviations' -ii -2 6.5 2 -2 -1 .5 2 -3 7 5 1 1 0 .5 - .5 5 -3 4 3 -1 -11 -1 2 -11 .5 11 1 -8 -4 -3 2 5 -7 .5 -1 -6 3 -5 126 121.5 190 214 223.5 216 32 169.5 94 54.5 10 138 130 110.5 72 32 82 £ 0.05+ .05+ .0 5 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .05+ .0 5 .05+ .05+ .05+ .05+ .05+ .05+ .05+ .05+ .05+ 1 Deviations from average sum of ranks (12). 2 Deviations from average sum of ranks (18). 3 Includes housing plus fuel, light, and refrigeration. 4 Includes housing expense plus imputed income from owned home and rent received as pay or gift. T able 4. — S u m m a ry of fa m ily type and occupation m ean rank tests M O B IL E -C O L U M B IA : W H IT E F A M IL IE S INCOM E RANGE $l,000-$2,500 j Food___ __ ___________________ Clothing ____________________ Housing expense3______________ Housing value A _____________ Household operation___________ Furnishings._ _____________ __ Auto, total_____ _______________ Other transportation_____ _____ Personal care__________________ Medical care. _________ ______ Recreation_____________ _ ___ Tobacco_____ _______________ Reading_______________________ Education_______ __________ _ Gifts and taxes___ _____________ Changes in assets and liabilities.. Total____________________ -6 0 6 -4 -2 6 1 -1 0 1 2 -3 1 5 -6 0 4 4 -1 1 2 0 4 0 2 -6 1 6 -1 4 -4 -3 -3 0 -2 1 0 -3 2 -4 -3 2 1 0 -2 -1 -2 5 -5 0 1 72 56 2 14 62 32 26 14 14 0 24 2 8 62 62 32 14 0 .0 1 .0 1 .05+ .05+ .0 1 .05+ .05+ .05+ .05+ .05+ .05+ .05+ .05+ .0 1 .0 1 .05+ .05+ -4 6 6 2 0 2 1.5 - .5 0 3 1 2.5 3 0 -2 -3 6 -1 -1 -1 6 9 -3 3 1 -1 -3 .5 0 5 0 5 -3 2 1 Deviations from average sum of ranks (12). 2 Deviations from average sum of ranks (15). 3 Includes fuel, light and refrigeration. 4 Includes housing expense plus imputed income and rent as gift or pay. Wage earner £ Clerical III-II hH IV-V Item Salaried profes s io n a l and business Independent pro fessional and | business i Family-type te s t s (all Occupation tests (family types I, II-III, IV-V combined), occupational devia occupations combined), tions 2 family-type deviations i -4 2 4 1 -1 1 0 0 5.5 -4 -1 .5 1.5 -1 .5 2 0 1 -2 9 -7 -9 -9 -8 0 -4 .5 - .5 -4 .5 4 0 -4 -6 .5 —2 -3 5 -6 £ 114 90 134 122 146 14 31.5 .5 51.5 50 3.5 24.5 78.5 8 38 44 80 0 .0 1 .0 5 .0 1 .0 1 .0 1 .05+ .05+ .05+ .05+ .05+ .05+ .05+ .0 5 .05+ .05+ .05+ .0 5 - A p p e n d ix E V a r ia b ilit y in F a m ily E x p e n d itu r e s The wide variation shown in chapter IX in total expenditures among families with similar incomes is paralleled by even wider rela tive variations in the outlay for individual categories, since families with the same total expenditures may still differ greatly in the appor tionment of the total among the constituent elements in family living. Accordingly, it is important to give consideration to such variations, both because they provide a basis for judging the significance of the averages obtained, and because they offer interesting evidence to students of consumption on questions concerned with the relative diversity or standardization in consumption patterns among families similar in certain established respects. The time limitations imposed upon the preparation of this report have made it impossible to calculate measures of dispersion about the averages which it presents. The following table presents the range from the mean for four cells, two from the white, and two from the Negro group, as a simple method of illustrating the extent of the variation. In view of the physiological limitations imposed on the demand for food it accords with expectations to find that expenditures for food generally show less relative variation among families within the same income, occupational, and family-type group than do those for any other category. Thus, for example, among Atlanta white families with one child under 16 that were classified in salaried business occu pations, and in the income group $2,500 to $3,000, expenditures for food by the family reporting the lowest outlay were only about 25 percent below the average for the group, while the family that spent the most reported outlay about 40 percent above the average. (See table 6.) Expenditures for housing and clothing also were relatively less variable than many other groups of items, and expenditures for per sonal care likewise showed relatively little dispersion. It is interesting to note the number of categories for which expendi tures ranged from nothing to many times the mean, particularly among Negro families, for which detailed data were available only at the very low income levels. In general, the mean for a particular category was closer to the minimum than to the maximum expenditure, indicating that most 288 V A R IA B IL IT Y I N F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E S 289 families made moderate expenditures while a few had very large outlays for the category during the particular year. This was especially true, it should be noted, of such goods and services as fur nishings and equipment, automobiles, and medical care. The range from a relatively large deficit to a large surplus was very striking. The point made in chapter VIII concerning the wide varia tion among individual families in the balance of income and expendi tures is thus emphasized, since these figures represent the net result of transactions with respect to specific asset and liability items. Negro families White families $2,500-$2,999 Salaried business II 6 2 Range from mean Category Total money income_____ ______________ Total money expense________________________ Food: Total_____________________________________ Away from home ___________ ______________ Clothing: Total_____ __________ _____ _____ _ Husband______________ _________ _____ _ ___ Wife_________________________________________ H ousing1. __________ _ ___ __ _____ _____ _ Fuel, light, and refrigeration_____________________ Household operation.. ________ _______________ Furnishings and equipment_______________________ Automobile operation and purchase____________ Other transportation.__ ________ ___________ ____ Personal care________________ __________________ Medical care________________ _____________ _ Recreation_________ _______ _ _________________ Tobacco ____________ _________________________ Reading. ._ ____________ _______ __________ Education ________ ___ _ _ ________ ___ Contributions and personal taxes__________ _____ _ Other_______________ __________________________ Net surplus or deficit. ______________ __________ Below $2,696 2, 423 610 147 307 129 117 414 100 257 90 264 30 55 127 76 47 17 2 91 4 +321 $196 510 164 147 71 62 68 114 74 194 78 264 30 28 103 44 47 7 1 62 4 -335 Above $258 582 284 315 118 83 36 126 83 232 193 784 65 27 226 39 62 10 4 167 16 +439 Mean $176 288 236 94 116 36 41 85 34 47 83 26 35 16 53 40 28 11 11 1 Includes imputed income from owned homes and the value of rent received as pay or gift. *Less than $1. Above $1, 781 1,803 717 94 237 51 46 265 142 87 83 26 35 42 65 43 28 16 8 41 (*) 1 2 5 Range from mean Below 6 8 28 -287 $750-$999 Wage earner VII $1,250-$1,499 Salaried business $1,750-$1,999 Wage earner V 8 4 $130 405 406 62 225 83 39 161 44 50 204 100 54 20 140 70 50 20 42 70 59 +224 Mean $1,270 1,190 279 21 102 48 53 261 94 91 29 171 20 25 88 18 17 20 74 2 +87 9 1 Range from mean Below $191 375 142 21 47 43 32 165 57 84 28 171 18 13 62 18 17 10 52 2 -597 Above $153 723 115 104 98 52 60 210 36 109 108 170 26 25 231 48 34 14 130 7 +285 Range from mean Mean Above Below $846 827~ 302 5 126 20 14 132 80 28 21 3 26 26 34 15 $102 212 119 5 79 16 9 60 42 21 21 3 26 15 33 15 $129 185 78 42 234 55 16 48 57 47 39 25 28 24 36 51 12 4 71 11 11 13 16 13 15 1 1 6 +34 -110 +134 6 6 33 F A M IL Y E X P E N D I T U R E I N S O U T H E A S T E R N C T T IE S Classification: Income _______ _______________ Occupational group______ ____________ ____ Family type________________ __________ _ Number of families: R e n te r s ..___ __ _______ _ ___ ___ __ _ _ Owners. __ ______ _ _ _ ____________ _ . 290 T a b l e 5.— M ean expenditure of Atlanta fam ilies in selected groups and range of expenditures for individual fam ilies A p p e n d ix F F a m ily T y p e C o m p o s itio n o f O c c u p a tio n a l G r o u p s a n d O c c u p a tio n a l C o m p o s itio n o f F a m ily T y p e G r o u p s The interdependence of occupational and family type groups made it desirable to analyze at given income levels the expenditures of families of given composition holding occupational group constant and, similarly, expenditures of families of different occupational class ification holding family type constant. (See appendix D.) Since, however, the data (weighted averages) presented in the text and Tabular Summary for family type groups by income and for occupa tional groups by income reflect such interdependence, the following tables are presented in order to indicate the relative importance along the income scale of the several occupational groups within each family type and of the several family type groups within each occu pational category. A T LA N T A T able 6,— D istribution of eligible fam ilies of specified occupational groups according to fa m ily type , by income [W hite nonrelief fam ilies including husband and wife, both n ative born] Family types Income class Wage earner $500-$749_____________ $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499______ _____ $1,500-$1,749____________ $1,750-$1,999___............. $2,000-$2,249____________ $2,250-$2,499____________ $2,500-$2,999____________ Clerical $750-$999_________ _____ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____________ $1,500-$1,749____________ $1,750-$1,999____________ $2,000-$2,249__-__________ $2,250-$2,499-_ ________ $2,500-$2,999____________ Independent business and professional $1,250-$1,499____________ $1,500-$1,749........................ $1,750-$1,999___________ $2,000-$2,249____________ $2,250-$2,499____________ $2,500-$2,999____________ $3,000-$3,499____________ $3,500-$3,999____________ All types II IV and and III V I 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 28 25 32 23 26 23 25 29 25 39 43 42 43 34 36 32 21 13 33 32 26 34 40 41 43 50 62 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 34 33 29 29 32 28 34 26 35 42 42 43 37 35 35 33 31 25 29 28 31 37 31 41 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 37 40 29 31 23 32 31 27 34 28 41 57 39 42 46 41 1 0 0 .0 28 20 29 27 27 26 32 33 Family types Income class Independent business and professional— Contd. $4,000-$4,999___________ $5,000-$7,499_____________ $7,500 and over_________ Salaried business $1,250-$1,499_____________ $1,500-$1,749______ ___ _ $1,750-$1,999_____________ $2,000-$2,249____________ $2,250-$2,499 ___________ $2,500-$2,999 ____________ $3,000-$3,499__ _______ _ $3,500-$3,999_____________ $4,000-$4,999__ __________ $5,000-$7,499_____________ $7,500 and over_____ Salaried professional $1,250-$1,499_____________ $1,500-$1,749_____________ $1,750-$1,999____________ $2,000-$2,249_____________ $2,250-$2,499_____________ $2,500-$2,999________ ____ $3,000-$3,499_____________ $3,500-$3,999_____________ $4,000-$4,999_____________ $5,000-$7,499_____________ $7,500 and over__________ All types II IV and and III V I 100.0 100.0 100.0 21 23 13 31 28 28 48 49 59 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 19 36 29 33 25 34 26 23 23 19 39 48 41 50 30 44 33 36 34 30 21 12 33 23 21 37 31 33 38 43 47 60 49 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 26 31 27 37 32 26 28 23 14 18 52 43 41 40 37 41 28 31 37 27 17 22 26 32 23 31 33 44 46 49 55 58 25 291 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES 292 T able SOUTHEAST: 2 MIDDLE-SIZED CITIES 6.— D istribu tio n of eligible fa m ilies of specified occupation al groups according to fa m ily ty p e , by incom e —Continued [White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Family type Income class Wage earner $250-$499_______________ $500-$749_______________ $750-$999_______________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____________ $1,500-$1,749____________ $1,750-$1,999____________ $2,000-$2,249____________ $2,250-$2,499____________ Clerical $500-$749_______________ $750-$999________________ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____________ $1,500-$1,749____________ $1,750-$1,999____________ $2,000-$2,249____________ $2,250-$2,499____________ Independent business and professional $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____________ All types Family type II IV and and III V I 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 32 28 21 27 25 20 25 20 18 36 41 51 42 38 39 30 26 21 27 18 29 26 28 29 25 24 32 49 42 42 40 34 31 31 41 33 29 32 32 37 44 45 100.0 100.0 33 30 30 38 Independent business and professional—Continued $1,500-$1,749____________ $1,750-$1,999____________ $2,000-$2,249____________ $2,250-$2,499____________ $2,500-$2,999____________ $3,000-$3,499____________ $3,500-$3,999____________ $4,000-$4,999____________ $5,000 and over__________ Salaried business and professional $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____________ $1,500-$1,749____________ $1,750-$1,999____________ $2,000-$2,249____________ $2,250-$2,499____________ $2,500-$2,999____________ $3,000-$3,499____________ $3,500-$3,999____________ $4,000-$4,999____________ $5,000 and over_______ __ 32 31 28 31 37 41 45 54 61 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 All types Income class 37 32 II IV and and III V I 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 32 29 33 24 18 20 27 30 20 25 27 24 38 27 33 32 20 22 43 44 43 38 55 47 41 50 58 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 36 31 29 17 20 22 20 23 21 19 18 36 38 41 49 48 43 42 36 32 25 26 28 31 30 34 32 35 38 41 47 56 56 A TLA N TA [Negro nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Income class Wage earner Under $250________________________ $250-$499__________________________ $500-$749__________________________ $750-$999__________________________ $1,000-$1,249_______________________ $1,250-$1,499_______________________ Clerical $250-$499__________________________ $500-$749__________________________ $750-$999__________________________ $1,000-$1,249___ _____ ______________ $1,250-$1,499______________ ________ $1,500-$1,749__________________ ____ $1,750-$1,999_________________ _____ $2,000-$2,249_______________________ $2,250-$2,499__.____________________ $2,500-$2,999_____________ _________ $3,000-$3,499_______________________ $3,500-$3,999_______________________ $4,000 and over___ ________ ________ Independent business and professional $250-$499__________________________ $500-$749__________________________ $75(V$999__________________________ $1,000-$1,249____________________ _ $1.250-$1.499:.......... ...........................___ All types Family type I III II IV V 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 49 43 35 34 29 28 13 12 16 10 8 7 3 8 8 5 4 2 22 20 18 26 32 37 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 40 37 36 26 42 20 27 21 40 15 14 8 15 4 22 10 9 7 22 17 22 15 36 17 33 60 28 22 50 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 11 33 9 60 51 2 7 7 12 15 11 11 5 9 8 10 18 29 6 VII 8 5 9 6 3 5 20 7 5 9 17 7 17 40 50 50 46 31 35 38 VI 12 6 13 16 7 8 11 15 20 24 16 25 31 3 5 7 7 9 10 9 9 14 22 100 5 8 18 23 5 4 2 8 4 9 10 293 COMPOSITION OF GKOUPS ATLANTA T able 6.— D istribu tio n of eligible fa m ilies of specified occupation al groups according to fa m ily type, by incom e —Continued Family type All types Income class Independent business and professional —Continued $1,500-$1,749________ ___ _______ $l',750-$l,999_______________________ $2'000-$2,249____ _____ _____________ $2,250-$2,499_______________________ $2,500-$2,999_______________________ $3,000-$3,499_______________________ $3,500-$3,999_______________________ $4,000 and over___ _ Salaried business and professional $250-$499__________________________ $500-$749__________________________ $750-$999 __________________ _____ $1,000-$1,249________„______________ $1,250-$1,499 ______________________ $1,500-$1,749 ____________________ $1,750-$1,999 ______________________ $2,000-$2,249 __ _ _ __ _ $2,250-$2,499 _____ _______ $2,500-$2,999 _______________ _ ______________ $3,000-$3,499 ________________ $3,500-$3,999 $4,000 and over ________________ II I 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 10 73 20 100 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 38 33 50 64 50 9 30 25 25 50 25 III IV 50 40 10 40 100 50 25 27 13 7 20 45 40 25 100 7 9 22 9 25 25 25 13 31 18 14 37 40 22 30 36 50 50 50 VII VI V 30 27 75 12 7 20 18 6 15 27 7 18 10 11 30 46 9 25 SO U TH EAST: 2 M ID DLE-SIZED CITIES [Negro nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Family types Family types Income class Wage earner Under $250______________ $250-$499----------------------$500-$749............................... $750-$999_________ _____ $1,000-$1,249____________ $1,250-$1,499____________ Clerical, business, and pro fessional Under $250______________ $250-$499_________ _____ $500-$749_______________ All types II and III I 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 52 43 42 36 32 12 28 33 27 25 18 25 100.0 100.0 100.0 76 56 37 24 25 23 IV and V Income class Clerical, business, and pro fessional—Continued 20 24 $750-$999 ______________ 31 $1,000-$1,249 ............ __. 39 50 $1,250-$1,499 _________ _ 63 $1,500-$1,749 _________ $1,750-$1,999 ............... $2,000-$2,249 __________ $2,250-$2,499 _ _________ $2,500-$2,999 _______ 19 $3,000-$3,499 40 $3,500 and over __ _ All types 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 II IV and and III V I 32 43 26 21 23 20 40 24 27 26 36 57 18 30 44 30 48 43 43 59 50 60 100 100 294 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES T a b l e 7 .— D istribu tion of eligible fa m ilies of specified types according to occupa tion al group, by incom e ATLANTA [White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Income class Family type I $500-$749_„_ $750-$999___ $1,000-$1,249 $1,250-$1,499 $1,500-$!,749 $1,750-$1,999. $2,000-$2,249. $2,250-$2,499. $2,500-$2,999. $3,000-$3,499. $3,500-$3,999__ $4,000-$4,999... $5,000-$7,499__ $7,500 and over. Family types II and III $500-$749___ $750-$999_... $1,000-$1,249 $1,250-$1,499. $1,500-$1,749 $1,750-$1,999. $2,000-$2,249. $2,250-$2,499. $2,500-$2,999. $3,000-$3,499. $3,500-$3,999_ __ $4,000-$4,999_ _. $5,000-$7,499_. _ $7,500 and over. Family types IV and V $500-$749___ $750-$999___ $1,000-$1,249. $1,250-$1,499. $1,500-$1,749. $1,750-$1,999. $2,000-$2,249_ $2,250-$2,499. $2,500-$2,999. $3,000-$3,499. $3,500-$3,999... $4,000-$4,999 $5,000-$7,499__. $7,500 and over. Inde pendent Salaried Salaried Clerical business business profes sional and pro fessional All occu Wage pations earner 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 64 60 46 42 29 31 24 20 36 40 34 34 47 46 48 39 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 74 61 54 42 34 34 16 10 26 39 30 40 41 47 47 46 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 71 62 55 55 41 37 35 31 29 38 28 29 37 41 36 38 " 12 13 10 6 10 11 29 27 23 42 21 4 6 9 10 11 23 50 54 67 49 67 4 5 5 7 7 7 21 19 10 9 12 6 8 8 6 11 12 24 25 22 42 61 6 5 11 7. 18 21 58 57 60 46 28 4 5 6 6 8 11 18 18 18 12 11 9 8 12 12 12 11 31 23 23 32 46 6 4 5 7 11 14 48 56 62 58 40 2 4 5 3 6 6 21 21 15 10 14 COMPOSITION OF GROUPS 295 SOUTHEAST: 2 MIDDLE-SIZED CITIES T a b l e 7 . — D istribu tion of eligible fa m ilies of specified types according to occupa tion al grou p , by incom e —Continued Income class Family type 1 $250-$499_______________ ___ _________________ $500-$749______________________________________ $750-$999____ ___________________________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________________________ $1,500-$1,749 ________ __________________ $l',750-$l'999 _________________________________ $2'000-$2'249___________________________________________________ $2,250-$2,499___________________________________________________ $2',500-$2'999___________________________________ $3,000-$3,499 ____________________ __________________________ $3,500-$3^999 __________________________________________________ $4'000-$4^999 _______________________________________________ $5,000 and over. _ . ______________ _ ______ _ Family types 11 and III $250-$499________________________________________________________ $500-$749 . __________________________________________________ $750~$999________________________________________________________ $1,000-$1,249___________________________________ $1,250-$1,499___________________________________________________ $1,500-$1,749________________________________________ $1,750-$1,999 __________________________________________________ ____________________________________________ $2,000-$2,249 $2,250-$2,499 _______________________________ $2,500-$2,999 _________________________________ $3,000-$3,499____________________ ____________ $3,500-$3,999 _________________________________ $4,000-$4,999 __________________ ____________ $5,000 and over ... _______ __ ____________________ _____ Family types I V and V $250-$499 _________ _ __________________________ $500-$749 ____________________ ____________________ $750-$999 ___________________________ _____ __________ $1,000-$1,249____ ___________________________________________ $1,250-$1,499_______________________ _____ __________ _ $1,500-$1,749........................... . . . ________________________ $1,750-$1,999 ________________________________________________ $2,000-$2,249 ______________________________ $2,250-$2,499 __________ ________ _________________ $2,50O-$2,999 . . ___ ________ $3,000-$3,499 ________________________ _________ $3,500-$3,999 ___________________________ __________ $4,000-$4,999 _____________ _______________________________ $5,000 and over ______ _ _ __ ________ . 125018°—40----- 2Q All occu Wage pations earner Clerical 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 89 78 51 44 32 32 23 21 11 22 28 35 41 44 42 37 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 91 76 56 45 40 29 20 17 9 24 30 37 39 38 38 33 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100 85 73 54 50 45 38 33 35 15 27 26 33 33 36 39 34 Independ Salaried ent busi business ness and and pro profes fessional sional 11 11 10 12 15 14 27 20 37 38 51 10 10 17 12 20 28 73 80 63 62 49 7 10 5 8 8 14 21 22 32 24 44 78 68 76 56 12 9 10 11 11 10 37 25 29 26 49 8 8 12 15 17 21 63 75 71 74 51 7 8 16 25 34 36 79 296 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES ATLA N T A T able 7. — D istribu tion of eligible fa m ilies of specified types according to occupa tion al grou p , by incom e —Continued [Negro nonrelief fam ilies including husband and wife, both native born] Income class All occu Wage pations earner Family type I Under $250___________________ 100.0 100.0 $250-$499_______________ ____ 100.0 $500-$749_____________________ 100.0 $750-$999_____________________ 100.0 $1,000-$!,249__________________ mO $1,250-$1,499100.0 $1,500-$1,749. 100.0 $1,750-$1,999. 100.0 $2,000-$2,249. 100.0 $2,250-$2,499100.0 $2,500-$2,999__ 100.0 $3,000-$3,499__ $3,500-$3,999__ 100.0 100.0 $4,000 and over Family type II 100.0 Under $250____________________ $250-$499_____________________ 100.0 $500-$749_____________________ 100.0 100.0 $750-$999_____________________ 100.0 $1,000-$1,249__________________ 100.0 $1,250-$1,499. $1,500-$1,749. 100.0 100.0 $1,750-$1,999. $2,000-$2,249. 100.0 100.0 $2,250-$2,499. $2,500-$2,999_-_ 100.0 $3,000-$3,499__100.0 $3,500-$3,999__ $4,000 and over Family type III Under $250____________________ 100.0 $250-$499______________________ 100.0 $500-$749______________________ 100.0 $750-$999______________________ 100.0 $1,000-$1,249___________________ 100.0 $1,250-$1,499. 100.0 $1,500-$1,749. 100.0 $1,750-$1,999. 100.0 100.0 $2,000-$2,249. $2,250-$2,499. $2,500-$2,999___________________________________ 100.0 $3,000-$3,499_____________________________________________ $3,500-$3,999_____________________________________________ $4,000 and over________________________________ 100.0 Family type IV Under $250____________________ 100.0 $250-$499______________________ 100.0 $500-$749______________________ 100.0 $750-$999______________________ 100.0 $1,000-$1,249___________________ 100.0 $1,250-$1,499. 100.0 $1,500-$1,749. 100.0 $1,750-$1,999. 100.0 $2,000-$2,249. 100.0 $2,250-$2,499. 100.0 $2,500-$2,999-._ 100.0 $3,000-$3,499__100.0 $3,500-$3,999__ 100.0 $4,000 and over. 100.0 100 88 89 88 81 71 100 86 93 87 82 91 100 92 90 84 60 80 Clerical Independ ent busi ness and profes sional Salaried business and pro fessional 1 3 3 5 9 50 22 75 50 100 75 50 10 7 6 7 8 25 57 25 50 25 50 50 50 3 2 4 7 8 2 7 11 3 3 2 50 33 14 50 50 50 29 9 67 57 50 50 67 33 5 3 25 1 1 3 7 12 25 21 8 5 13 15 20 100 40 100 60 100 100 100 90 90 90 89 85 2 4 4 6 40 43 57 43 40 34 8 7 4 5 6 33 50 20 33 2 1 2 2 3 27 57 50 43 57 40 33 100 297 COMPOSITION OF GROUPS ATLANTA T able 7.-— D is tr ib u tio n o f e lig ib le f o m ilie s o f sp e c ifie d ty p e s a c co rd in g to o c cu p a tio n a l g r o u p , b y in c o m e —Continued Income class All occu pations Family type V 100.0 Under $250____________________ 100.0 $250-$499_____________________ 100.0 $500-$749______________________ 100.0 $750-$999_____________________ 100.0 $1,000-$!,249__________________ 100.0 $1,250-$1,499. 100.0 $1,500-$1,749100.0 $1,750-$1,999. 100.0 $2,000-$2,249. 100.0 $2,250-$2,499. $2,500-$2,999__________________________________ 100.0 $3,000-$3,499_____________________________________________ $3,500-$3,999____________________________________________ $4,000 and over________________________________ 100.0 Family type VI 100.0 Under $250____________________ 100.0 $250-$499______________________ 100.0 $500-$749______________________ $750-$999______________________ 100.0 $1,000-$1,249___________________ 100.0 100.0 $1,250-$1,499 $1,500-$1,749 $1,750-$1,999 $2,000-$2,249 100.0 100.0 $2,250-$2,499 $2,500-$2,999___ $3,000-$3,499__ $3,500-$3,999— $4,000 and over. Family type VII 100.0 Under $250______________ _ __ _ 100.0 $250-$499_______ _______________ 100.0 $500-$749__________________ _ 100.0 $750-$999______________________ 100.0 $1,000-$1,249___________________ 100.0 $1,250-$1,499. $1,500-$1,749_ 100.0 100.0 $1,750-$1,999. 100.0 $2,000-$2,249. $2,250-$2,499. 100.0 100.0 $2,500-$2,999__ 100.0 $3,000-$3,499__ $3,500-$3,999__ 100.0 $4,000 and over. Wage earner Clerical Independ ent busi ness and profes sional 100 94 86 90 92 80 Salaried business and pro fessional 33 17 20 75 100 100 85 94 95 83 64 100 100 100 100 97 90 87 88 100 100 100 12 100 100 100 100 298 FAMILY EXPENDITURE IN SOUTHEASTERN CITIES SOUTHEAST: 2 MIDDLE-SIZED CITIES T able 7. — D istribu tio n of eligible fa m ilies of specified types according to occupa tion al grou p , by incom e —Continued [Negro nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born] Income class Family type 1 Under $250___________ $250-$499_____________ $500~$749_____________ $750-$999_____________ $1,000-$1,249__________ $1,250-$1,499 _________ $1,500-$1,749__________ $1,750-$1,999__________ $2,000-$2,249__________ $2,250-$2,499__________ $2,500-$2,999__________ $3,000-$3,499__________ $3,500 and over __ _ _ Family types II and III Under $250______ :___ $250-$499_____________ $500-$749_____________ $750-$999 $1,000-$1,249 __ $1,250-$1,499 . $1,500-$1,749. __ All Wage occupa earner tions 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 91 91 94 91 75 58 95 95 94 91 73 74 Clerical, business, and pro fessional Income class 9 9 6 9 25 42 100 100 100 100 5 5 9 27 26 6 100 O Family types II and III—Continued $1,750-$1,999.____ $2,000-$2,249________ $2,250-$2,499__________ $2,500-$2,999__________ $3,000-$3,499________ $3,500 and over... Family types IV and V Under $250_____ . _ _ $250-$499_____________ $500-$749_____________ $750-$999_____________ $1,000-$1,249_________ $1,250-$1,499_____ $1,500-$1,749__________ $1,750-$1,999__________ $2,000-$2,249__________ $2,250-$2,499__________ $2,500-$2,999__________ $3,000-$3,499__________ $3,500 and over______ All Wage Clerical, occupa earner business, and pro tions fessional 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100 100 100 100 95 91 89 87 80 5 9 11 13 20 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
@FedFRASER