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UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frances Perkins, Secretary
B U R E A U OF L A B O R ST ATISTIC S
Isador Lubin, Commissioner
in cooperation w ith
W O R K S PROGRESS A D M IN IS T R A T IO N
+
Family Income and Expenditure
in Selected Urban Communities o f the
W e st Central-Rocky M ountain
Region, 1935-36
VOLUM E I
Family Income
+
Prepared by
A. D. H. KAPLAN
FAITH M. WILLIAMS and MILDRED PARTEN
assisted by
WARD S. BOWMAN
Bulletin 7s£o. 646
U N IT E D ST ATES
G O V E R N M E N T P R IN T IN G OFFICE
W A S H IN G T O N : 1939
STUDY OF CONSUMER PURCHASES: URBAN SERIES
For sale by the Superintendent o f Documents, Washington, D . C. -
Price 50 cents
UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR
Frances Perkins, Secretary
BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
ISADO R L U B IN ,
Commissioner
S idney W ilcox ,
A. F. H in rich s ,
Chief Statistician
Chief Economist
H ugh S. H a n n a ,
Chief, Editorial and Research
STAFF FOR THE STUDY OF CONSUMER PURCHASES: URBAN SERIES
F aith M. W illiams
Chief, Cost of Living Division
A. D . H. K a plan ,
Director
B ernard B arton , Associate Director M ildred P a r te n , Associate Director,
for Tabulation
Sampling and Income Analysis
J. M. H adley , Associate Director M ildred H artsough , Analyst, E x
penditure Analysis
Collection and Field Tabulations
E rika H artman W u lff , Assistant
A. C. R osander , Statistician, Tabular
Director for Sampling
Analysis
W ard S. B ow man , Assistant Analyst
F orest H all , Regional Director
in preparation of manuscript
CONTENTS
P reface______________________________________________________
Chapter I.—Introduction_______________________________________
Chapter II.—Family income_____________________________________
Chapter III.—Occupational groups and family income_______________
Chapter IV.—Family composition and income______________________
Chapter V.—Sources of family income____________________________
Chapter VI.—Home ownership and rent in relation to income_________
Chapter VII.—Family income structure by cities___________________
Chapter VIII.—Summary_______________________________________
T abular Summary_____________________________________________
Section A.—All families, tables 1-3___________________________
Section B.—Native white families, including both husband and
wife, tables 1-19_______________________________
Section C.—Incomplete native white families and foreign-born white,
Negro, and other color families, complete and in
complete, tables 1-7____________________________
Appendix A.—Sampling procedure in seven urban communities of the
West Central-Rocky Mountain region______________
Appendix B.—Schedule forms and glossary_________________________
Appendix C.—Communities and racial groups surveyed by the Study of
Consumer Purchases_____________________________
Page
vii
1
7
18
35
47
70
86
101
107
108
120
350
401
415
436
List o f T ext Tables
Chapter II
T able 1.—Cumulative percentage distribution of families by income class.
2. —Percentage distribution of families, by income class______
3. —Percentage of all families in major nativity groups______
4. —Income of native- and foreign-born white families, percentage
distribution_______________________________________
4a.—Income of Negro and other color families, percentage distribu
tion, median income, and percentage receiving relief_____
5. —Income of native white complete families, percentage distribu
tion, and median income____________________________
6. —Income of nonrelief native white complete families, percentage
distribution, and median income_____________________
10
10
14
15
15
16
17
Chapter III
T able 7.—Percentage distribution of families, by occupational group__
8. —Percentage distribution of relief and nonrelief families, by oc
cupational group___________________________________
9. —Native- and foreign-born white families, percentage distribu
tion, by occupational group_________________________
10.—Occupational grouping of native white complete and incom
plete families, percentage distribution---------------------------
m
20
22
23
24
IV
CONTENTS
T able 11.—Median income of families, by occupational group_________
12. —Median income of native white complete families, by occupa
tional group_______________________________________
13. —Income of families of wage earners, percentage distribution,
and median income_________________________________
14. —Income of families of clerical workers, percentage distribution,
and median income_________________________________
15. —Income of families in the independent business group, percent
age distribution, and median income________ ___________
16. —Income of families in the business and professional groups,
percentage distribution and median income___________
Page
26
26
30
31
32
33
Chapter IV
T able 17.—Percentage distribution among native- and foreign-born
white, of complete andincomplete families____________
18. —Percentage distribution by income of complete and incomplete
families; median income; and percentage receiving relief__
19. —Median income of complete and incomplete families, by occu
pational group_____________________________________
20. —Percentage distribution of native- and foreign-born white
families, by family type____________________________
21. —Average number of persons and average number of children
in economic families, by income class_________________
22. —Median income and number of persons in families of different
type_____________________________________________
23. —Percentage of families in each type receiving relief during the
year______________________________________________
35
36
38
41
43
44
46
Chapter V
T able 24.—Aggregate family income and percentage distribution, by
sources of income__________________________________
25. —Sources of aggregate income for native- and foreign-born
white families, percentage distribution________________
26. —Sources of aggregate income, for native white complete and
incomplete families, percentage distribution___________
27. —Number of earners in native- and foreign-born white families,
percentage distribution______________________________
28. —Number of earners in complete and incomplete families, per
centage distribution________________________________
29. —Median income of sole-earner and multiple-earner families
among native- and foreign-born white families_________
30. —Median income of sole-earner and multiple-earner families
among complete and incomplete families______________
31. —Percentage of sole-earner and multiple-earner families receiv
ing relief during the year, shown for native and foreign
families___________________________________________
32. —Percentage of sole-earner and multiple-earner families receiv
ing relief during the year, shown for complete and incomplete
families___________________________________________
33. —Median income of sole-earner and multiple-earner families, by
occupational group_________________________________
34. —Percentage of sole-earner and multiple-earner families, with
specified incomes by occupational group______________
48
50
52
52
53
53
54
55
55
55
56
CONTENTS
V
Page
T able 35.—Percentage of families having more than one earner, by occu
pational group________________________________________
36. —Average number of earners per family, by occupational group
and income class______________________________________
37. —Percentage of families with male principal earners, by occupa
tional group__________________________________________
38. —Percentage distribution of male and female principal earners,
by occupational group_________________________________
39. —Average earnings of husbands and wives as principal earners,
by occupational group_________________________________
40. —Supplementary earners classified by sex and status in family,
percentage distribution________________________________
41. —Average earnings of supplementary earners by sex and status
in family_____________________________________________
42. —Age of husbands who were principal and supplementary earn
ers, percentage distribution by age group and median age__
43. —Age of wives who were principal and supplementary earners,
percentage distribution by age group and median age____
44. —Average earnings of husbands and wives who were principal
earners, by age group__________________________________
45. —Percentage of complete and incomplete families deriving
income from roomers and boarders and casual work in
home________________________________________________
46. —Percentage of complete and incomplete families reporting
money income from sources other than earnings__________
47. —Percentage of families in various occupational groups reporting
money income from sources other than earnings__________
48. —Percentage of families receiving nonearned money income
from specified sources, and average amounts received by
such families__________________________________________
Chapter VI
T able 49.—Percentage of home owners among foreign and native white
families, and among complete and incomplete native white
families______________________________________________
50. —Percentage of home owners among complete and incomplete
native white families, by income class___________________
51. —Percentage of home owners, by occupational group______
52. —Percentage of home owners, by occupational group and income
class in Denver_______________________________________
53. —Median income of home owners and renters, by occupational
group________________________________________________
54. —Average monthly rent reported by renters, by income class__
55. —Average monthly rental value of owned homes, by income
class_________________________________________________
56. —Rent as a percentage of income among Denver renters, by
nativity, race, and family composition groups____________
57. —Rent as a percentage of income, by income class_________
58. —Rent as a percentage of income, by occupational group and
income class__________________________________________
58
59
60
60
61
62
62
63
63
65
66
67
68
68
72
73
76
76
77
81
82
84
85
80
CONTENTS
VI
List o f Figures
F ig ure 1.—Distribution of families by income class in seven West Central-
Rocky Mountain communities, 1935-1936_______________
2. —Distribution of families by occupational group in seven West
Central-Rocky Mountain communities, 1935-1936________
3. — Median income of families by occupational group in seven West
Central-Rocky Mountain communities, 1935-1936________
4. —Family types for income study_________________________
5. — Median incomes of families of specified type in seven West Cen
tral-Rocky Mountain communities, 1935-1936___________
6. — Median income of wage-earner families containing one earner
and two or more earners in seven West Central-Rocky
Mountain communities, 1935-1936______________________
Page
12
19
25
40
45
57
PREFACE
Family Income in Seven Urban Communities of the West CentralRocky Mountain Region is the fifth of a series of reports on annual
incomes and expenditures of urban families in the United States.
The reports which have already been released deal with family
income in Chicago and in selected cities of the Pacific Northwest,
New England, and Southeastern regions.1
These studies are based on data secured from a survey conducted in
1936 by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics in 32 cities,
varying in size and representing different sections of the country.
This investigation is paralleled by a similar study of small-city, village,
and farm families conducted by the Bureau of Home Economics of the
United States Department of Agriculture. Both surveys, which
together constitute the Study of Consumer Purchases, were adminis
tered under a grant of funds from the Works Progress Administra
tion. The National Resources Committee and the Central Statistical
Board both cooperated in the planning and coordinating of the
Nation-wide study. The plans for the project were developed and the
administration was coordinated by a technical committee composed
of representatives of the following agencies: National Resources
Committee, Hildegarde Kneeland, chairman; Bureau of Labor Sta
tistics, Faith M. Williams; Bureau of Home Economics, Day Monroe;
Works Progress xldministration, Milton Forster; and Central Statis
tical Board, Samuel J. Dennis. The general purpose of the investiga
tion was to throw light on the patterns of consumption prevailing
among families of different income levels, occupations, and family
types. The information will be presented in a number of special
studies dealing with the economic distribution of families in the dif
ferent communities, and with the consumption of commodities and
services.
This report on seven western cities deals with the distribution of
the families according to income, occupation, and family composition
as an aid in ascertaining their economic structure and their buying
capacity. It serves as a necessary background for the sequel volumes
1 Family Income in Chicago, 1935-36, U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Bull. 642.
Family Income in Five New England Cities, 1935-36, U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Bull. 645.
Family Income in Five Southeastern Cities, 1935-36, U. S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Bull. 647.
Family Income in Four Urban Communities of the Pacific Northwest, 1935-36, U. S. Bureau of Labor
Statistics, Bull. 649.
VII
VIII
PREFACE
which indicate how the families apportion their expenditures among the
various goods and services. The need for such information bearing
on buying capacity, expenditure patterns, and consumer preferences
has been partially met in recent years by specialized studies intended
to satisfy specific requirements of business units or public agencies
which have sponsored them. A number of surveys of income and
expenditures have also been undertaken by the United States Bureau
of Labor Statistics, with particular reference to vrage earners and lowersalaried clerical families. But such isolated studies, each made with a
different purpose in mind, have not presented any comprehensive
outline of American consumption.
The present Study of Consumer Purchases differs from any pre
viously undertaken in that it is designed to cover a large enough
number of families to allow for comparison, not only between different
sections of the country, between urban and rural communities and
between cities of different size, but also between families at different
income levels, and, within any given income level, between families
of different composition and occupational group.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics wishes to acknowledge the assistance
received from interested individuals and civic bodies, both within and
outside the Government, in addition to the agencies mentioned above.
Particular acknowledgment is due to two groups whose collaboration
must be recognized as having made the studies possible: the W. P. A.
workers who performed the field collection and office tabulation of the
data, and the members of the households interviewed, who contributed
the time and effort required to answer the detailed questions in the
schedules.
In view of the fact that responsibility for certain parts of this survey
was shared by persons outside the regular staff of the Bureau of Labor
Statistics, the Bureau takes pleasure in acknowledging the services of
Guy W. Warner and Jesse R. Wood, Jr., associate regional super
visors in the West Central-Rocky Mountain cities, Ethel Cauman, who
served as check editor, and the following persons who served as super
visors in the various cities: Joseph D. Iskow and Stanley L. Payne,
Denver; William S. Parkinson, Omaha; Rose C. Bresnahan, Butte;
Gene H. Harris, Dubuque; William H. Bunning, Pueblo; Robert G. H.
Tallman, Springfield; and Jean Huntington, Billings.
Acknowledgment is also made to Frances W. Valentine and
William Loudon, who were in charge of computation and tables;
Joseph A. Smith, in charge of machine tabulation; Dorothy McCamman, who served as chief check editor; Marie Bloch, Lenore A.
Epstein, and Verna Mae Feuerhelm, who were in charge of editing
and review.
PREFACE
IX
The present volume on the West Central-Rocky Mountain com
munities is concerned with the distribution of the families by income,
occupation, and family composition. The succeeding volumes will
analyze the manner in which the family incomes were spent.
I sador L u b in ,
M ay 1939.
Commissioner oj Labor Statistics.
Bulletin 7S[o. 646 (Vol. I) of the
United States Bureau of Labor Statistics
Family Income in Seven Urban Communities o f
the W e st Central-R ocky M ountain Region,
1935-36
Chapter I
Introduction
Data on family income and expenditures were obtained from
families in seven West Central-Rocky Mountain communities by the
Study of Consumer Purchases. Two of these communities were
selected to represent large cities with populations ranging between
250,000 and 300,000, Denver, Colo., and Omaha-Council Bluffs, the
one in Nebraska, the other in Iowa combining to form 1 city on the
Missouri River just north of the confluence of the Missouri and the
Platte. Four cities (Pueblo, Colo., Butte, Mont., Dubuque, Iowa,
and Springfield, Mo.) were chosen as representative of middle-sized
communities (populations between 30,000 and 75,000), while Billings,
Mont., constituted the small city surveyed under the direction of the
United States Bureau of Labor Statistics in this region. The Bureau
of Home Economics of the United States Department of Agriculture
surveyed 4 small cities, 22 villages, and 13 farm counties in this
section of the country.1 Publications of that agency should be
consulted for parallel data on these smaller communities and rural
areas.
Altogether 18 income classes are differentiated in the analysis of the
population, ranging from families having less than $250 in current
annual income, to those with $10,000 a year and more. In addition
to the wage-earner, clerical, and farm groups, which have been the
subject of previous investigations, the current study included pro
fessional and business categories, both salaried and self-employed,
as well as families whose incomes were not dependent upon an occu
pation. Families have been classified according to their composition
into types varying from single individuals to families containing
seven or eight persons, account being taken not only of the family size
but also of the age of its members.
i The Nation-wide Study of Consumer Purchases covered 2 metropolises, New York City and Chicago,
6 large cities averaging 250,000 to 300,000 inhabitants, 14 middle-sized cities ranging from 30,000 to 75,000 popu
lation, 29 smaller cities of from 8,000 to 20,000 persons, 140 villages, and 77 farm counties. A list of all com
munities covered by the Study of Consumer Purchases and a description of the techniques employed in the
conduct of the investigation will be found in appendix A and appendix Q.
1
2
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
The number of families interviewed in each city was determined
with a view to obtaining enough cases to provide reliable averages for
an analysis by these factors. Except for the two large cities and
Springfield, Mo., every address listed in the city directory was visited
and an attempt made to interview the family. In Denver, 20 percent;
in Omaha-Council Bluffs, 32 percent; and in Springfield, Mo., 60
percent of the addresses were included in the random sample of
families approached.2
The seven communities included in this report represent the Rocky
Mountain region with its mining and industrial cities on the one
hand, and the West Central Plains area with its agricultural and trad
ing centers, on the other. In the former region are included the
cities of Denver, Pueblo, and Butte, in the latter are Omaha-Council
Bluffs, Dubuque, and Springfield, Mo. Billings falls between these
two regions with a semimountainous location in a rich agricultural
region. Differences as between the mountain cities are, however,
as great or greater than interregional differences of these two areas.
All of the seven cities have enough characteristics in common, also,
to justify their inclusion in a single report. Their nativity make-up,
for example, is very similar; 80 percent or more of the inhabitants of
six of these cities were native-born white persons, and in the other
city—Butte, more than three-fourths were born in this country.
Trade and transportation engaged significant numbers of the workers
in each of the communities. A more detailed description of the
various cities follows.
2 The addresses of families selected for interview were obtained from the address list of the most recent
city directory in each city. (See appendix A, Sampling Procedure in Seven Urban Communities of the
West Central-Rocky Mountain Region.) All white families interviewed which contained a husband and
wife both of whom were born in the United States, who had been married at least 1 year, and who main
tained housekeeping quarters, were asked to give the information on income and related items listed on the
family schedule. (See appendix A for eligibility requirements.) In addition, a small random sample of all
of the remaining families, i. e., foreign born, those not containing husband and wife (including 1-person
households) and other color groups, was also asked to give the income information. (See appendix A for
discussion of the Comprehensive Sample.) In order to compute the estimates of income for the community
as a whole, it was necessary to weight the income data of this small sample to take account of the different
sampling ratio from that used for native white families containing both husband and wife. In the present
report, therefore, the distributions for all nativities combined represent estimated figures, but, as is indicated
in the sampling discussion of the appendix, there is reason to feel that these estimates are fairly close to the
true distribution.
Method of investigation.—While the detailed analysis of collection procedure and the problems arising
therein will be the subject of a separate publication, it is desirable to include a brief explanation at this
point.
The information was secured by the schedule method through visits to families. Following the inter
view, the information obtained was carefully checked for consistency as well as for accuracy and complete
ness. A random sample of the schedules of every agent was also rechecked by members of the supervisory
staff who reinterviewed the families.
The total family income figure was obtained by summing up the figures reported on income received from
specific sources. Specific questions bearing on the positions held by each employed member of the family,
the number of weeks of employment, the rate of pay, the dividends from securities held, interest from prop
erty, the amounts received from roomers and boarders, and the nonmoney value of owned homes, yielded
the figures from which the total family income was built up.
INTRODUCTION
3
Denver
Denver, with a population of almost 290,000 in 1930, is the capital
of Colorado as well as the commercial center for a large region. This
city has been called the “Little Capital” of the United States because
it is the location of more governmental offices than any city in the
United States other than Washington. The presence of three impor
tant educational institutions—the largest of which is the University
of Denver—contributes to the number of professional persons
employed in this city.
Located in the north central part of Colorado a few miles east of
the first range of the Rocky Mountains, Denver is served by eight
railroads. Almost three-tenths of the gainful workers classified in
the 1930 census were engaged in wholesale or retail trade or in trans
portation and communication. The large amount of tourist business
attracted to this community is important in its influence on the volume
of sales in the Denver retail-trade territory. Approximately onefourth of the gainful workers in Denver in 1930 were attached to the
manufacturing and mechanical industries. The slaughtering and
meat-packing industry of Denver is important as a source of employ
ment. Other industries employing large numbers of workers are:
foundries and machine shops, the manufacture of auto tires and
rubber goods, clay products, the assembly of automobiles, flour mill
ing, petroleum refining, beet-sugar refining, canning, and the packing
and processing of dairy products.
Only about one-tenth of the population of Denver was classed as
foreign-born by the 1930 census; no nationality group predominated—
Germans, Scandinavians, Russians, Italians, and English being found
with approximately equal frequency. Negroes and other nonwhite
groups comprised only a small fraction—3 percent of the population
of this city in 1930.
Omaha-Council Bluffs
Omaha, a trade center of some 215,000 inhabitants in 1930, is
located on the eastern border of the State of Nebraska. Across the
Missouri River is Council Bluffs, Iowa, with its population of more
than 40,000. Trade activities, which engaged almost one out of
every four gainfully employed persons in 1930, are most important
in the economic life of Omaha. The manufacturing and mechanical
industries accounted for 28 percent of the workers, while 10 percent
of the Omaha gainfully employed, were attached to the transporta
tion and communication activities. In Council Bluffs, transportation
and communication activities employed a larger proportion (20 per
cent) of the gainful workers enumerated in the 1930 census while
only 27 percent were associated with the manufacturing and mechani
cal industries and 17 percent with wholesale or retail trade.
4
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
The stockyards and meat-packing industry represent one of the
most important sources of employment in Omaha. Omaha is also
the headquarters of one large railroad, the yards of which are located
in Council Bluffs, and of the western division of two other lines.
Flour milling and the manufacture and distribution of dairy products
are other industries of great importance to the population of this
community. As a financial and insurance center and as the location
of county and Federal governmental agencies, Omaha provides
employment for many clerical workers.
Of the combined population in Omaha and Council Bluffs, 12
percent was classified as foreign-born by the most recent decennial
census. The Scandinavian, German, Italian, and Czechoslovakian
nationalities are most frequently represented; together they comprise
approximately three-fifths of the foreign-born population. About 5
percent of the population enumerated in 1930 were Negroes.
Dubuque
The city of Dubuque, Iowa, located at the junction of Iowa,
Illinois, and Wisconsin, with the Mississippi River as its eastern
boundary, had a population of more than 40,000 in 1930.
Economic conditions were poor in this manufacturing town in
1935 and 1936; manufacturing plants were running on reduced forces
and several were closed down completely during the period of the
Study. In 1930, however, the census classification reveals that two
out of every five gainful workers in Dubuque were employed in the
manufacturing and mechanical industries.
Only 7 percent of the population of Dubuque was classified as
foreign-born in the 1930 census. Of these foreign-born persons,
approximately one-half were of German origin.
Springfield
Springfield, Mo., as the largest city in the Ozarks, is the distributing
center for an extensive area. At the time of the 1930 census it had
a population of nearly 60,000, less than 2 percent of which was
foreign-born. Germans predominated in the foreign-born group,
comprising about one out of every four foreign-born persons.
Most important among the industries of Springfield are locomotive
and car shops, creameries, garment-making factories, and furniture
manufacturing.
Missouri South Western Teachers College, with an enrollment of
approximately 2,000, and a smaller denominational college are located
in this city.
INTRODUCTION
5
Butte
Located in the heart of the Rocky Mountains in western Montana,
Butte, with some 40,000 inhabitants (1930 census) is the largest city
in the State. The livelihood of its population is either directly or
indirectly bound up with the mining industry. Copper mining and
other ore extraction engaged approximately two-fifths of the gainful
workers in 1930. The manufacturing and mechanical industries
claimed another 15 percent of the workers, while a comparable number
were engaged in trade activities.
As in all the other cities covered in the Study of Consumer Pur
chases, the investigation was restricted to families residing within the
corporate limits of Butte, thus necessitating the omission of a workingclass district adjacent to the city, which housed many workers whose
places of business were located in Butte and who were actually part
of the Butte economy.
As much as 28 percent of the 1930 population of Butte was foreignborn white. Unlike the other cities surveyed in this region, the
foreign-bom population was predominantly from the British Isles
rather than from continental Europe. Approximately four out of
every 10 foreign-born whites had been bom in one of the countries
of the British Isles, while one-tenth was Canadian.
Pueblo
Pueblo, Colo., a city of approximately 50,000 inhabitants in 1930,
is located on the Arkansas River, about 110 miles southeast of Denver.
Primarily a manufacturing city, manufacturing and merchanical
industries engaged 37 percent of the gainfully employed in 1930,
according to the decennial census. Only 17 percent of the workers
were attached to trade activities and another 12 percent to transporta
tion and communication.
Out of every 10 persons in Pueblo in 1930, eight were native-born
white. About one in 10 was either a Negro or a member of another
race, while the remaining 1 out of 10 was a foreign-born white, with
Mexicans predominating. Italians and Yugoslavs were the next most
frequently represented nationalities.
Billings
Billings, Mont., the one small city surveyed in the Urban Series in
the Rocky Mountain region, had a population of over 16,000 in 1930.
Despite its relatively small size, Billings is the trade center for a large
area known as the Midland Empire, which embraces eastern Montana
and northern Wyoming. Three railroads, one of which is transcon
tinental, and a coast-to-coast bus line run through this city; an airline
has a scheduled stop here.
6
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Billings represents a city of diversified interests and is dependent
on no single industry. It is surrounded by a large irrigated area,
where sugar beets, beans, and alfalfa are raised in large quantities
and there are many small truck-garden farms near the city. Cattle
and sheep are raised in the territory of Billings.
Billings’ jobbing concerns dominate the region. Some of the
products manufactured in Billings follow: sugar, ice, butter, ice
cream, cereals, gasoline and by-products, tanks, oil-well supplies,
soft drinks, awnings, and cleaning products. This city is also the
territorial headquarters of several large insurance companies.
One-eighth of the population of Billings in 1930 was foreign-bom
white. The most frequently represented nationality was Canadian
(other than French Canadian), followed by Russian, German, and
Norwegian. Together these four nationality groups comprised approx
imately one-half of the foreign-bom population.
Chapter II
Family Income
The amount of current family income tends to govern the amount
spent for consumer goods. Consequently the ascertainment of family
income necessarily should precede or accompany the study of family
disbursements if estimates of consumption are to be derived. For
specific families, however, purchases may also be limited by the assets
upon which they may draw, or by credit which may be extended to
them. The present bulletin is concerned only with the current income
and not with these latter items which relate to changes in family
assets and liabilities.
The significance of family income in different cities is dependent
upon what that income will provide in the way of goods and services,
as well as upon the distribution of income as between the various
social groupings of the population. The number of earners con
tributing to family income and their occupations, the size and make-up
of families receiving different amounts of income, as well as the
sources from which the income is derived, all must be considered when
different income groups are compared and when the economic well
being of the communities is appraised.
The distribution of family income must not be confused with the
estimates of total national income. As defined in the present study,
family income refers only to that part of national income which
passes through the hands of the family during the course of the year,
and thus is available for purchases or for family savings and invest
ments. It does not include such income as capital gains and profits
held in business enterprises which, therefore, do not flow through the
family exchequer.1
1 Family income, as the term is used in this study, includes the sums received by the family from the
following sources:
(1) Money earnings, including wages and salaries of all members of the economic family (after the deduc
tion of occupational expenses); net money incomes of independent business and professional earners insofar
as these were withdrawn for family spending; and estimated net income accruing from roomers and boarders
and from casual work done in the home.
(2) Money income other than earnings, including dividends and interest received in cash from stocks and
bonds; net rent (after the deduction of maintenance expenses) from real estate other than the home; profits
actually received by the family from businesses owned but not operated by members of the family; amounts
paid on pensions and annuities; money gifts for current use received from those other than members of the
economic family, along with miscellaneous items such as alimony and gambling gains; such amounts received
from inheritances or the soldiers’ bonus as were used for current expenditures.
(3) Nonmoney income from housing, including the estimated rental value of living quarters received in
payment for services (such as might be received by a minister, a resident manager, or a janitor); and imputed
income from owned homes, amounting to the difference between the total rental value of the home and
money expenses for interest on mortgages and estimated money outlay for taxes and repairs.
78127 °-
7
8
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Median Incomes
Although certain similarities can be observed in the family income
distributions obtained for the seven communities surveyed in the
West Central-Rocky Mountain region, pronounced variations appear.
The midpoint of the income range, for example, varied from $1,001
in Dubuque to $1,572 in Billings, with the other four cities falling in
between, as follows:
Median family income
OmahaSpringDenver Council Dubuque field,
Bluffs
Mo.
Butte
Pueblo
Billings
$1, 280
$1,414
$1,023
$1, 572
$1, 375
$1,001
$1,004
The averages for Billings and Butte are somewhat higher than those
found by this study in other northern cities of comparable size; the
other five cities approximate the levels obtained in urban centers of
comparable size in other northern sections of the United States.
The relatively high median of $1,572 obtained by Billings families
is in part a real difference in income, and in part a result of the restric
tion of the Study to families residing within the city boundaries.
The prosperity of the agricultural, mining, and oil region in which
Billings is located seems to be reflected in the income of this com
munity. Even though Billings contains only some 16,000 persons, its
function is very similar to that of larger cities because of the remote
ness of other large urban centers in the area. Thus Billings serves as
a focal point for a rather extensive territory.
As we shall see, almost one-third of its families derive their chief
earnings from business and professional activity while less than twofifths depend primarily upon wage-earner occupations.
Residing outside the corporate limits of Billings is a colony of
lower-paid Mexican factory workers who work within the city, but
who were not included in this study. Thus the frequency of the
lowest economic group in the population of Billings is less marked
than would be the case if all elements obtaining income from the
city economy were included. A later analysis will show, however,
that families within given occupational groups, such as those deriv
ing their incomes from business or professional activity, tended to
secure higher incomes than did families in such occupations in other
communities.
In the case of Butte as in Billings, the exclusion from the survey of
a district which was inhabited primarily by working-class families,
tended to result in a higher median for the city than would have
resulted had the Study not been restricted to the corporate limits of
the city. But, as later analysis will show, the higher incomes of
FAMILY INCOME
9
Butte families are not restricted to the wage-earner group alone.
Similar differences are found in the other occupational groups as
well. In Pueblo, for example, which is also located in the Rocky
Mountain mining region, the average income of business and pro
fessional groups falls considerably below that of such groups in
Butte. The same is true of the income of clerical families. Thus
the difference of almost $400 in the median income of all Butte and
Pueblo families undoubtedly represents a real difference rather than
one due entirely to the omission of a significant proportion of the
wage-earner group.
Omaha-Council Bluffs and Denver, the two large cities surveyed
in this region, occupy a middle position in median income as com
pared with the other five communities. The families in OmahaCouncil Bluffs are equally divided between those receiving more and
those receiving less than $1,375 during the year; in Denver the mid
point falls at $1,280. These medians compare favorably with the
median of $1,273 received by Portland, Oreg., families, and $1,316
obtained by families in Columbus, Ohio—cities of comparable size
in adjacent sections of the county.
Approximately $1,000 represented the midpoint of the income
range of families residing in Dubuque and Springfield. These rela
tively low medians are correlated with comparatively small earnings
of the chief breadwinner in these two communities. Further dis
cussion of this topic will be found in chapter V. No data are available
to show whether the cost of living in these cities is correspondingly
low.
Distribution of Families by Income
Just as the average family income differs for these West CentralRocky Mountain cities, so does the distribution of families by income
levels show great variability. Less than $500 was received during
the year by almost one in four of the families in Springfield, and one
in five in Dubuque and Pueblo. (See table 1.) This income group
was least prevalent in Billings—only one in 10 families having such
limited current funds. Less than $1,000 was received by approxi
mately half the families in Dubuque, Springfield, and Pueblo, while
for the remaining cities this income level represented the lowest
third or less of the income scale. The bulk of all families were in
cluded in the income ranges below $2,000—from 65 percent (in Bil
lings) to 86 percent (in Dubuque) securing less than this amount.
10
.
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
T able 1 —
Cumulative 'percentage distribution of families} by income class
[All families, relief and nonrelief]
Denver
Income class
Under $500 __________________
Under $1,000-.................................
Under $1>500 ________________
Under $2,000_______ __________
Under $3,000____ ____ ________
Under $5,000-_ ______________
SpringOmahaCouncil Dubuque field,
Bluffs
Mo.
14.9
37.2
57.9
72.8
89.0
97.1
11.4
32.7
55.1
72.6
90.3
98.1
21.4
50.0
72.0
85.6
96.2
99.1
Butte
24.2
49.8
69.5
83.8
95.2
99.2
Pueblo
15.2
34.1
54.0
73.2
92.0
98.3
20.1
48.9
70.7
85. 2
96.3
99.6
Billings
10.3
29.2
47.1
64.8
86.3
97.1
These income distributions include families which received relief
during the year, either in the form of direct relief or work relief.
The amount of aid received in cash or kind was not determined;
only that portion of their income derived from work relief or from
private resources or earnings was used in classifying such families in
the above distributions. The number of families obtaining any type
of public relief for which a needs test was necessary, was secured,
however, and expressed as a percentage of all families in these cities:
OmahaDenver Council Dubuque Springfield
Bluffs
17.3
16.6
20.9
16.2
Butte
Pueblo
Billings
25.5
28.5
11.2
These percentages do not vary consistently with the median incomes
of these cities since, as we pointed out above, other factors, such as
cost of living, determine the significance of income in terms of pur
chasing power and need.
If the proportion of families in each income bracket (table 2) in
the two large cities of this region is compared with the estimated
distribution of aggregate income, we may visualize the purchasing
power of the various income classes.
T able
2,— Percentage distribution of families, by income class
[All families, relief and nonrelief]
Income class
All families.....................................
Under $500___________ ___
$500-$999_________________
$1,000-$1,499........................
$1,500-$1,999._____________
$2,000-$2,999_...........................
$3,000-$4,999.............................
$5,000 and over____________
Denver
OmahaSpringCouncil Dubuque field,
Bluffs
Mo.
Butte
Pueblo
Billings
Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent Percent
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
14.9
11.4
21.4
24.2
15.2
20.1
10.3
22.3
21.3
28.6
25.6
18.9
28.8
18.9
20.7
22.4
22.0
19.7
19.9
21.8
17.9
14.9
17.5
13.6
14.3
19.2
14.5
17.7
16.2
17.7
11.4
10.6
18.8
11.1
21.5
8.1
7.8
2.9
4.0
6.3
3.3
10.8
2.9
1.9
.9
.8
1.7
.4
2.9
FAMILY INCOME
11
Aggregate incomes in these seven cities vary not only with the
number of families in each community, but with differences in the
level of family income. On the basis of the field data secured,
aggregate purchasing power has been estimated as follows:
Denver________________________________________ $141, 021, 000
Omaha-Council Bluffs___________________________ 106, 145, 000
Dubuque__________________________________
13, 232, 000
Springfield_____________________________________ 20, 344, 000
Butte__________________________________________ 15, 066, 000
Pueblo_________________________________________ 15, 359, 000
Billings________________________________________
8, 619, 000
In both Denver and Omaha-Council Bluffs more than one-half of
the buying power (56 and 52 percent respectively) is concentrated at
the upper income levels of $2,000 and over; these income levels in
clude only about one-fourth (27 percent) of the families in each city.
At the other extreme, the 37 percent of Denver families and the 33
percent of Omaha-Council Bluffs families whose incomes amounted
to less than $1,000 per family for the year had only approximately
12 percent of the purchasing power in each community. The remain
ing 36 percent of the Denver families, with incomes between $1,000
and $2,000 obtained 31 percent of the aggregate income of the city
while this 40 percent of Omaha-Council Bluffs families secured 36
percent of the community’s income.
These estimates, however, understate aggregate family purchasing
power at both the lowest and highest income levels. Because no
attempt was made to ascertain the value of direct relief income of
families securing public assistance* the actual effect which families
with incomes under $1,000 had upon the market is underestimated.
Even more important was the failure of families in the highest income
brackets to report income from sources other than earnings.
Within the technique of a field survey, it is impossible to secure
complete reports as to the net amount of income received from all
sources by families in the high income groups. While the number of
returns showing family incomes of more than $3,000 may be slightly
underestimated, due to inability of agents to find such families at
home as well as to refusals of some families to give the requested in
formation, the actual aggregate income reported is probably sig
nificantly underreported. However, the understatement of the in
come for these families at the upper limits does not seriously affect
the broad outline of the distribution of family income in the com
munities.
Income oj nativity and color groups.—While the majority of all
families in the West Central-Rocky Mountain cities surveyed be
longed to the native white group, the foreign born were sufficiently
numerous in some communities to affect the general income pattern.
to
DISTRIBUTION OF FAMILIES BY INCOME CLASS IN SEVEN WEST CENTRALROCKY MOUNTAIN COMMUNITIES
1935-1936
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
0
2500
5000
INCOME IN DOLLARS
U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
7500
10,000
AND OVER
FAMILY INCOME
00
14
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
The proportion of families in which either the husband or wife was
born abroad ranged from 2 percent in Springfield to 39 percent in
Butte. Denver, Pueblo, and Billings fell midway between these
extremes, with 17 percent of all families belonging to the foreign
group. Except for Pueblo, the Negro and other color groups were
relatively infrequent in this region, comprising less than 5 percent of
all families. In Pueblo, where 8 percent were classified in this cate
gory, more than half were Mexicans and the rest were Negroes.
T able
3 .— Percentage of all families in major nativity groups 1
Nativity
All groups________________ ___
Native white. ____________
Foreign-born white___________
Negro and other color________
SpringOmahaDenver Council Dubuque field,
Bluffs
Mo.
100.0
79.6
16.9
3.5
100.0
74.1
23.2
2.7
100.0
86.5
13.5
(2)
100.0
93.7
2.2
4.1
Butte
100.0
61.4
38.6
(2)
Pueblo
100.0
75.0
17.2
7.8
Billings
100.0
83.0
17.0
(2)
i As defined by Study of Consumer Purchases and from data collected by this study.
* Negro and other color families were not included in the sample as they comprised a very minor propor
tion of the population.
In every city in this region families classified as foreign white re
ceived lower average incomes than the native born. The differences
may be attributed both to differences in the general occupational
distribution of the two nativity groups and to differences in specific
occupations within the broad categories—those occupations yielding
lower annual earnings being more prevalent among the foreign than
among the native group. This relationship between occupation and
income forms the subject matter of the following chapter, so our im
mediate discussion will be limited to the income differences obtained.
The median incomes for the two nativity groups appear as follows:
Nativity
Native _ _ ___________________
Foreign______________________
Denver
$1, 356
1,190
Omaha Dubuque
$1,415
1,367
$1,004
973
Springfield,
Mo.
$1,023
0)
Butte
$1,444
1,372
Pueblo
$1,137
941
Billings
$1, 628
1,258
1Insufficient number of cases in sample upon which to base median.
The greatest differences between the two groups existed in Billings—
the midpoint of the income distribution of the native white group
being $370 higher than that for the foreign families. In the Colorado
cities, the difference amounted to between $150 and $200, while in
the other communities there was less than $75 difference in the
medians.
Differences between cities within each nativity group are, how
ever, greater than these intracity variations in income of the two
nativity groups. Thus we may conclude that while differences in
15
FAMILY INCOME
nativity make-up account for some variations in the income patterns
of the seven cities, other more important factors are operating to
produce the major difference in income observed.
The medians given above reflect the greater relative frequency of
the lowest income groups among the foreign as contrasted to the
native families within given cities. Conversely, the higher income
groups have a smaller representation, proportionately, among the
income classes of $2,000 or more.
T able 4.
—Income of native- and foreign-born white families, percentage distribution
[Relief and nonrelief families]
Denver
Income class
SpringOmahaCouncil Dubuque field,
Mo.
Bluffs
Butte
Pueblo
Billings
Na F or Na F or Na F or Na F or Na F or N a For Na For
tive eign tive eign tive eign tive eign tive eign tive eign tive eign
All fam ilies..____________
Under $500___________
$500-$999_____________
$1,000-$1,499__________
$1,500-$1,999__________
$2,000-$2,999__________
$3,000 and over___ _
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
13.7 14.0 10.8 10.9 21.0 23.7 23.1
21.2 23.9 19.7 23.3 28.8 27.5 25.8
20.3 24.3 23.0 21.6 22.2 20.6 20.0
15.5 14.1 17.2 20.1 13.7 13.0 14.6
17.4 14.1 18.4 17.5 10.4 12.2 11.8
11.9 9.6 10.9 6.6 3.9 3.0 4.7
(0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0) 14.5 16.3 17.4 20.1 9.8 13.2
0) 18.4 19.8 26.7 33.2 17.2 27.5
0) 19.5 20.5 20.9 28.8 18.1 16.4
(0 19.8 18.0 17.6 7.6 17.9 16.9
0) 18.0 20.1 13.2 7.1 22.2 17.5
9.8 5.3 4.2 3.2 14.8 8.5
G)
1Insufficient number of cases in sample upon which to base distribution.
Data on income of Negro and other color families are available
for the four cities of this region in which these groups were most
prevalent. Reference to table 4a reveals a consistently low median
income for these color groups, especially as compared with the native
white families in these communities. In Denver, Springfield, and
Pueblo, the midpoint of the income distribution of the Negro and other
color families fell between $500 and $550—or an average of between
$42 and $46 per month per family. In Omaha-Council Bluffs, the
median reached $698 or approximately $700 less than that of the native
white groups in this city.
T able 4a.
—Income of Negro and other color families, percentage distribution, median
income, and percentage receiving relief
D E N V E R , OMAHA-COUNCIL BLUFFS, SPR ING FIELD , MO., PUEBLO
[Relief and nonrelief families]
Income class
All families------------- -------------------- -------------------------------------Under $500..-------------- ----------------------------------- -- --------$500-$999________________________________________________
$1,000-$1,499___________ _________________________________
$1,500 and over _ ______ _____ _ _ - ________ ________
Median income-------------------------------------------------------------Percentage receiving relief___ __________________________
Denver
100.0
46.4
35.0
12.3
6.3
$535
53.6
Omaha- SpringCouncil field,
Bluffs
Mo.
100.0
30.6
49.0
14.3
6.1
$697
46.9
100.0
47.7
22.7
18.2
11.4
$549
27.3
Pueblo
100.0
45.0
40.4
14.6
$543
50.5
16
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
These income figures do not include cash relief or an evaluation of
aid received in the form of goods or commodities. They do, however,
include earnings from work-relief projects. During the year 1935-36
approximately half of the Negro and other color families in three of
the four cities secured either direct or work relief. In Springfield
slightly more than one-fourth obtained aid. These relief proportions
run considerably higher than those found among the native white
groups.
Income oj native white complete families.—When the analysis is
restricted to a relatively homogeneous group of families—the native
white families containing both a husband and a wife—the median
income is found to be between $100 and $275 higher than that found
in the family population as a whole.
Despite the relatively homogeneous composition of the native white
complete group, wide differences in their income exist in the seven
West Central-Rocky Mountain cities. The midpoint of the income
distribution in one city, Dubuque, occurred at $1,111, while in another
community, Billings, the native white families containing both hus
band and wife received $1,840 as a median. The medians for this
group in the seven cities follow the same rank order as in the case of
the medians of the total family population—Billings and Dubuque
representing the extremes; Butte, Omaha-Council Bluffs, and Denver
having medians above $1,500, Pueblo $1,277, and Springfield $1,157
as a median.
T able 5 . —Income of native white complete families, percentage distribution, and
median income
[Relief and nonreliefj
Income class
All families_________ ____ ____
Under $500---------------------$500-$999_________________
$1,000-$1,499______________
$1,500-$1,999______________
$2,000-$2,999______________
$3,000 and over___________
Median income_______________
Denver
100.0
8.3
18.8
21.5
18.4
19.7
13.3
$1, 535
SpringOmahaCouncil Dubuque field,
Bluffs
Mo.
100.0
7.6
17.3
22.6
19.3
21.0
12.2
$1, 561
100.0
14.5
29.0
24.0
15.6
12.0
4.9
$1, 111
100.0
17.4
25.3
21.2
16.6
13.8
5.7
$1,157
Butte
100.0
7.6
13.8
23.2
22.9
21.3
11.2
$1, 624
Pueblo
100.0
11.2
25.1
24.0
19.9
14.7
5.1
$1, 277
Billings
100.0
6.1
11.5
18.4
20.7
25.1
18.2
$1,840
The relatively low medians in Dubuque and Springfield reflect the
large representation in these cities of families in the lowest income
classes. Families receiving less than $1,000 during the year were
proportionately about two and one-half times as frequent in Dubuque
and Springfield as in Billings, comprising 44 and 43 percent respec
tively of the native white complete families in these two middle-sized
cities and only 18 percent of such families in Billings. These differ
ences, as later analysis will show, are partly attributable to the higher
17
FAMILY INCOME
percentage of wage-earner families in these two cities as compared
with Billings, and partly to the lower annual earnings of the principal
earners within given occupational groups in the two communities.
The relative number of native white complete families in the top
income groups also vary markedly from city to city—being more than
three times as frequent, proportionately, in Billings as in Dubuque,
Springfield, and Pueblo. Whereas 18 percent of the Billings native
white families containing both husband and wife secured $3,000 or
more during the year, only 5 or 6 percent in the three cities mentioned
above obtained incomes of this magnitude. In Butte, OmahaCouncil Bluffs, and Denver from 11 to 13 percent of the families in
this sample received current funds averaging $3,000 or over, or the
equivalent of $250 or more per month.
If only families independent of relief during the year are con
sidered, the average incomes, and the income distribution of these
native white complete families is shifted upward. The midpoints
of the income distribution, for example, are from $100 to $250 higher
among the nonrelief group than among all native white complete
families. A relatively small proportion of these nonrelief families
had current incomes of less than $500 or $42 per month in the average.
In Dubuque and Springfield, for example, while 6 percent and 9
percent of the nonrelief families had incomes of less than $500, the
proportion is only about half that found among complete white
families as a whole. In the other 5 cities less than 3.5 percent of the
nonrelief complete families had current incomes of less than $500. A
greater percentage of the self-sufficing than of all families obtained
$3,000 or more, but the proportionate increase in this income class
was not so large as the proportionate decrease in the lowest brackets
resulting from the omission of the relief group. Thus the general
effect of excluding the relief group is to shift the distribution from the
lower to the middle income classes rather than from the middle to the
upper groups.
T able
6 .—Income of nonrelief native white complete families, percentage distribution,
and median income
Income class
Total________________________
Under $500_______________
$500-1999_________________
$1,000-$1,499______________
$1,500-$1,999______________
$2,000-$2,999______________
$3,000 and over...... ................
Median income_______________
SpringOmahaDenver Council Dubuque field,
Bluffs
Mo.
100.0
3.0
14.3
23.5
21.2
22.6
15.4
$1, 705
100.0
1.7
12.6
24.9
22.2
24.4
14.2
$1,733
100.0
6.1
25.5
28.4
19.0
14.9
6.1
$1, 279
100.0
8.9
25.3
23.9
19.2
16.0
6.7
$1, 315
Butte
100.0
.8
7.9
24.8
27.1
25.8
13.6
$1, 817
Pueblo
100.0
3.3
17.2
28.6
25.2
19.0
6.7
$1, 517
Billings
100.0
1.8
8.4
19.5
22.7
27.6
20.0
$1,947
Chapter III
Occupational Groups and Family Income
Some of the differences in the income patterns of the various cities
may be attributed primarily to differences in the occupational com
position of the various segments of the population. Communities
containing a large wage-earner population, for example, may be
expected to have lower income than those having a relatively large
business and professional population. Seven occupational groups
have been distinguished in the present study: (1) Wage earner; (2)
clerical and kindred pursuits; (3) independent business; (4) independ
ent professional; (5) salaried business; (6) salaried professional; (7)
other, which included families with no gainfully employed members,
i. e., those whose income was not derived from an occupation, and a
few farmers which were not sufficient in number to warrant a separate
classification.1
Families were classified according to the occupation from which
the major part of family earnings was derived. Usually, the occupa
tional classification of the family coincided with that of the principal
earner. In a few instances, however, the combined earnings of two
or more supplementary earners having the same occupational classi
fication exceeded the earnings of the principal breadwinner and con
sequently determined the occupation in which the family was classi
fied. As an example, if the proprietor of a grocery store (independ
ent business) had a net income of $2,400, while his two daughters
who lived at home and pooled their incomes with the family were
factory workers (wage earner), each earning $1,500 per annum—
1 A description of the specific occupations included within each of these categories will be found in the
glossary, appendix B. The occupational classes used in the present study are based upon the Works
Progress Administration's M anal of Work Division Procedure, Section 2—Occupational Classification (June
1935), and Index of Occupations, Circular No. 2A (September 1935). In general, the wage-earner category
included all types of skilled, semiskilled, and unskilled manual jobs which are usually paid by the hour,
day, or week rather than on a monthly or annual salary basis. In the clerical classification were grouped
store clerks and salesmen working for others, as well as office workers. Professional, semiprofessional, and
technical workers were included in the independent professional group when employed on their own account,
and in the salaried professional group when they were employed by others on a salary basis. Persons
classified in the independent business groups were entrepreneurs owning and operating businesses of any
type. Also classified in the independent business group were families which derived their chief earnings
from roomers and boarders. The salaried business category consisted mainly of salaried managers and
officials; chief officers of corporations who drew salaries, as well as minor executives, were thus classified in
the salaried business rather than the independent business groups. The seventh category, “other”, consisted
of families which had no earnings from an occupation, whether due to retirement, receipt of a pension, nonemployment, or other causes; the number shown in this group also included a few farmers living within the
city limits, but they were too infrequent to merit a separate occupational classification.
18
19
OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS AND FAMILY INCOME
combined income $3,000—the family would be classified as wage
earner.
Occupational composition.—Before describing any of the income
characteristics of these occupational groups, the occupational com
position of the various cities will be examined. Although the occu
pational make-up of the cities reflected considerable variation in the
economic or industrial activity of the several urban centers, families
whose earnings were obtained from wage-earning occupations pre
dominated in the occupational pattern of each city.
The proportion of families receiving their chief income from wageearner pursuits ranged from 40 percent in Denver and in Billings, to
58 percent in Pueblo. Families in the wage-earner group comprised
46 percent of all those in Omaha-Council Bluffs while in the other
three cities more than half of the families were in this occupational
group, as is evident from table 7.
Fig. 2
DISTRIBUTION OF FAMILIES BY OCCUPATIONAL
GROUP IN SEVEN WEST CENTRALROCKY MOUNTAIN COMMUNITIES
1935-1936
A LL F A M IL iE S - RELIEF AND N O NR ELIEF
PERCENT
0
20
40
60
80
WAGE EARNERS
CLERICAL WORKERS
PROFESSIONAL AND SALARIED BUSINESS
OTHER
U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
100
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
20
T able
7.
—Percentage distribution of families, by occupational group
[All families, relief and nonrelief]
O ccupational group
A ll fam ilies...... ............................
W age earner______ _________
C lerical____________________
Independent b usin ess______
Independent professional—
Salaried busin ess___ _______
Salaried professional----------O ther______________________
D enver
100.0
40.1
21. 7
13.5
2.1
5.9
6.9
9.8
SpringOmahaCouncil D ubuque field,
B luffs
M o.
100.0
46.5
25.3
10.7
1. 6
5.4
4.2
6.3
100.0
52.4
16.9
10.9
1.0
3.4
3.6
11.8
100.0
53.4
17.0
11.7
1.4
4.0
5.0
7.5
B u tte
100.0
55.4
19.5
8.9
1.0
4.3
4.7
6.2
P ueblo
100.0
57. 5
13. 2
10.3
.8
3.6
4.7
9.9
B illings
100.0
39.8
22.5
15.8
1.5
8.7
5.0
6.7
The smaller proportion of families deriving most of their income
from wages in Denver and in Billings as compared with Butte and
Pueblo may be attributed to the difference between commercial and
industrial centers. Billings, although a small city, is a distributing
center for a rather extensive region and has an occupational pattern
not dissimilar to Denver which is many times its size. Families in
Butte and Pueblo on the other hand are more dependent upon a
particular industry for their livelihood. The very existence of Butte,
for example, has been and is very largely tied up with copper mining.
In fact, the price of this metal is probably one of the best single indices
of the economic well-being of the majority of Butte families. The
proportion of families which derived their chief income from wageearner pursuits would have been even greater had not a section of the
community containing a significant number of the mine workers’
families been located just outside the corporate limits of the city of
Butte. Although the income of such families was derived primarily
from enterprises in the Butte area, the fact that they resided outside
the city boundaries excluded them from this study. As mentioned
above, the investigation was confined to families residing within the
corporate limits of the city in the entire Study of Consumer Purchases.
Families deriving their chief earnings from business and professional
endeavors comprised approximately three-tenths of all families in
Billings and in Denver, whereas in Dubuque, Butte, and Pueblo less
than two-tenths of all families obtained their income from this type
of work.
Of the seven West Central-Rocky Mountain communities, OmahaCouncil Bluffs contained the largest proportion of clerical workers.
That one out of every four families in this community secured its
chief earnings from clerical pursuits is explained by the presence in
Omaha of the headquarters of certain financial and insurance institu
tions, railroad lines, Government agencies and by the fact that Omaha
with its livestock marketing is the commercial center for a widespread
wholesale-trade area. Approximately 22 percent of the Denver and
OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS AND FAMILY INCOME
21
Billings families, but as few as 13 percent of those in Pueblo, received
their chief earnings from clerical occupations.
The remaining occupational group included for the most part
families which were without earnings from any occupation during the
year of the Study either because they were retired or because they were
nonemployed, but included also those few families which, even though
they lived within the city, received their chief income from farming.2
This occupational classification comprised about 10 percent of all
families in Denver, Dubuque, and Pueblo but made up only around
6 or 7 percent of the family population of the other communities.
Relief and nonrelief occupational composition.—The distribution of
families by occupation included families whose incomes were derived
from work relief (table 7). Furthermore, the group “other,” with no
gainfully employed members, included families which were retired or
which were living on their own savings as well as families which re
ceived only direct relief. Since work relief, with the exception of a
few clerical and professional projects, provides relatively unskilled
manual jobs, most relief workers are classified as wage earners.
Thus, a person who had previously been employed in a salaried
business occupation might become a wage earner during the time he
worked on a relief project and unless the earnings from his regular
occupation provided the chief earned income for the family, the family
would be classified in the wage-earner group. Therefore, our classifi
cation portrays the occupational situation as it exists without regard
to the occupational incidence of work relief. Likewise, the distribu
tion of relief families does not reveal the occupational distribution of
relief jobs. Any family which received relief at any time during the
year is classified as a relief family. But the occupational classifica
tion is based upon that occupation from which the family derived the
greatest part of its income. Thus for example, if a family was operat
ing an independent business during the major part of the year and
was forced to apply for relief at any time during that year, it would be
included as a relief family but classified as in independent business,
unless the earnings from the work relief job had provided more income
than was netted in the business.
* Among native white complete families for which a separate classification is available, the following
proportions of families classified as “other,” which included those with no gainfully employed members
and farmers, actually had earnings from farming. (See Tabular Summary, sec. B, table 1.)
Denver
6.2
OmahaSpringCouncil Dubuque field,
Mo.
Bluffs
11.9
4.4
9.4
Butte
Pueblo
Billings
9.3
4.5
25.6
22
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
The occupational distribution of families which received relief and
those which were totally self-supporting is shown in table 8. Among
the nonrelief families the proportion of wage earners varied from 34
percent (in Billings) to 53 percent (in Pueblo), whereas among relief
families this proportion was, as might be expected, considerably
larger, ranging from 64 percent (in Denver) to 84 percent (in Billings).
The farmer and nonemployed group (“other”) was also proportionately
greater among relief families (except in Billings); not more than 11
percent of the self-supporting families but as many as 21 percent of
the group receiving public assistance were included in this classifica
tion. As would be expected, the clerical and business and professional
groups were much less significant, proportionately, among the families
which received relief than among nonrelief families.
T a b l e 8 .—
Percentage distribution of relief and nonrelief families, by occupational
group
[All families]
Denver
Occupational group
All families__________ ___
Wage earner_________
Clerical_____ _______
Independent businessindependent profes
sional _______ ___
Salaried business___ _
Salaried professional.
Other___ ________ .. .
SpringOmahaCouncil Dubuque field
Mo.
Bluffs
Butte
Pueblo
Billings
Non- Re Non- Re Non- Re Non- Re Non- Re Non Re Non- Re
re
re
re
re
re
re
re
lief lief lief lief lief lief lief lief lief lief lief lief lief lief
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
35.1 64.1 40.9 75.0 46.6 74.1
24.5 8.4 28.7 8.2 20.0 5.2
15.5 4.2 12.1 3.6 12.7 4.3
1.2
2.5 .1 2.0
7.1 .1 6.4 .1 4.3
7.9 2.1 4.5 2.4 4.5 .3
7.4 21.0 5.4 10.7 10.7 16.1
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
48.0 80.6 47.9 77.2 52.7 69.9 34.2 .84.4
19.4 4.4 22.7 10.2 16.6 4.6 25.0 2.2
13.6 2.0 11.0 2.6 12.8 3.8 16.9 6.8
1.2 .5
. 2 1. 7
1.7
4.8 .1 5.8 . 1 5.0 . 2 9.8
5.6 1.8 5.9 1.1 6.0 1.4 5.6 .4
6.9 11.1 5.5 8.3 5.9 19.9 6.8 6.2
1.0
Occupational composition of nativity groups.—Even though the occu
pational groups are rather broad and there is room for considerable
variation in earnings from specific occupations within the several
groups, significant differences in the occupational distribution of
native white and foreign families are apparent from table 9. Much
of the difference in income between native white and foreign family
income may be attributed to these occupational differences. The
native-born families have proportionately fewer families in those
occupations, which, as we shall see in the remainder of this chapter,
are the least remunerative, namely wage earner, independent business,
and the miscellaneous “other” category. These three occupational
groups accounted for between 73 and 89 percent of all foreign-born
families as compared with 59 to 74 percent of the native. In only
one city, Dubuque, Iowa, were there proportionately more wage
earners among native white than among foreign-born families (54
versus 44 percent) but in this same city families with no gainfully
OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS AND FAMILY INCOME
23
employed members (“other”) were twice as numerous proportionately
in the foreign group as in the native group.
T able
9 .—Native- and foreign-born white families, percentage distribution, by
occupational group
[All families, relief and nonrelief]
Denver
Occupational group
OmahaCouncil Dubuque
Bluffs
Springfield,
Mo.
Butte
Pueblo
Billings
For Na For Na For Na For Na For Na For
Na For Na eigneigneigneigneigneigntive eignborn tive born tive born tive born tive born tive born tive born
All families............................
Wage earner_________
Clerical______________
Independent business.
Independent profes
sional______________
Salaried business_____
Salaried professional.
Other________________
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
39.3 42.0 44.1 51.4 53.7 43.5 52.4
23.5 17.6 28.6 17.3 17.4 13.7 17.7
12.5 20.1 9.1 15.6 9.8 18.3 12.0
2.4 .9 1.6 1.9 1.0 .8 1.5
6.7 3.1 6.3 3.1 3.7 1.5 4.2
7.5 5.6 4.9 1.7 3.7 3.1 4.9
8.1 10.7 5.4 9.0 10.7 19.1 7.3
0) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0) 52.2 60.4 54.2 61.4 37.6 50.3
0) 20.9 17.3 16.4 4.9 25.2 9.5
0) 8.2 9.9 10.0 15.8 15.1 19.0
0) 1.4 .4 .9 .5 1.7 .5
0) 5.5 2.5 4.3 2.2 9.3 5.8
1.7 5.2 3.3 5.1 4.8
0) 6.5
0) 5.3 7.8 9.0 11.9 6.0 10.1
i Insufficient number of cases in the sample upon which to base distribution.
Occupational composition of native white complete families.—The
occupational distribution of families containing a husband and wife,
both of whom were native born is not materially different from that
of all native white families as shown in table 9. It is apparent from
table 10, however, that this restriction of the analysis to complete
families has the effect of slightly increasing the proportion of wage
earners and greatly reducing the proportion of “other” or retired and
nonemployed families in each of the cities. Not more than 5 percent
of the native white families containing a married couple were included
in the “other” classification. Although the proportion of business
and professional families is not very different when the incomplete
families are omitted, there was a consistently lower proportion of
salaried professional families, and a larger percentage in the salaried
business group when complete families were considered by them
selves. The intercity differences in the occupational distributions of
families with a husband and wife both native born, however, exhibit
the same general characteristics as have been mentioned when dis
cussing all families (table 1).
78127 ° — 40-
-3
24
T able
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
10 .—Occupational grouping of native white complete and incomplete families,
percentage distribution
[Relief and nonrelief families]
Denver
Occupational group
All families________
Wage earner___
Clerical_______
In d e p en d e n t
business_____
In d e p e n d e n t
professional-..
Salaried busi
ness_________
Salaried profes
sional_______
Other_________
OmahaCouncil
Bluffs
Dubuque
Springfield,
Mo.
Butte
Pueblo
Billings
In Com In Com In Com In Com In Com In Com In
Com com
com plete com plete com plete com plete com plete com
plete plete plete plete
plete
plete
plete
plete
plete
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
42.1 32.2 46.7 34.4 60.1 37.8
23.5 23.5 28.1 30.8 16.9 18.6
13.1 11.0 8.5 11.2 9.2 11.2
2.5 2.2 1.9 .4 1.2 .5
7.8 3.9 7.9 .4 4.6 1.6
6.8 9.2 4.5 6.4 2.8 5.8
4.2 18.0 2.4 16.4 5.2 24.5
100:0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
56.1 40.5 56.1 44.1 59.1 38.7 38.9 33.6
18.3 15.7 19.9 22.9 17.0 14.8 25.2 25.0
10.9 15.7 8.5 7.6 9.5 11.6 14.3 17.7
2.0 .6
1.7 1.0 1.8 .8 1.2
5.2 .9 6.5 3.4 5.3 1.3 11.4 2.4
3.8 8.1 5.1 9.3 4.2 8.4 5.0 5.5
4.0 18.1 2.1 11.9 3.7 25.2 3.2 15.2
Median incomes of various occupational groups.—Although rather
heterogeneous occupations have been included in the six broad groups,
the classification serves to differentiate a fairly consistent income
pattern in the several communities surveyed. In each city the occu
pational group having the lowest median income excluding the mis
cellaneous group of “other” families, was that of wage earner; the
business and professional groups ranked highest (except in Pueblo),
while the clerical families occupied an intermediate position. The
spread between the incomes of wage earners and business and pro
fessional groups was considerable, the median incomes of the latter
group being between one and one-half to two times as large as those
of the former. Whereas wage earners obtained medians between $831
(in Springfield) and $1,245 (in Butte), the business and professional
families secured $1,451 and $2,075 respectively in these communities.
The miscellaneous group classified as “other” contains a significant
proportion of families with no gainfully employed members, so the
median income of less than $500 in six cities is not surprising.3 In
Billings, where a large segment of this group received earnings from
farming, the median was somewhat higher—$732 for the year.4
Differences in median incomes between cities may be accounted
for, in part at least, by the differences in the actual jobs held within
these occupational groups. In some cities, for instance, the salaried
professional group may consist largely of moderately paid workers
such as school teachers, ministers, and a few graduate nurses or pos
sibly editors and librarians, whereas in the larger centers doctors,
* It should be noted in this connection that withdrawals from savings or other reductions in assets were
not classified as current income. Also, no estimates of the amount of direct relief in cash or kind were
requested from the families.
4 See footnote, ch. I ll, p. 28.
MEDIAN INCOME OF FAMILIES BY OCCUPATIONAL GROUP IN SEVEN
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN COMMUNITIES
INCOME IN DOLLARS
2500
2500
2000
2000
1000
1000
- 500
WAGE EARNER
U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
CLERICAL WORKERS
OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS AND FAMILY INCOME
1935-1936
A LL F A M IL IE S -R E L IE F AND N O NRELIEF
INCOME IN OOLLARS
BUSINESS AND PROFESSIONAL
to
Or
26
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
T able
11 .— Median income of families, by occupational group
[All families, relief and nonrelief]
Denver
Occupational group
All families.__________________
Wage earner____ _________
Clerical __ _____________
Business and professional
Other________________ ___
$1,280
1,020
1,601
1, 972
406
SpringOmahaCouncil Dubuque field,
Bluffs
Mo.
$1,375
1,125
1,704
1,946
404
$1,001
892
1,431
1, 557
278
$1,004
831
1,424
1,451
428
Butte
$1,414
1, 245
1,832
2,075
405
Pueblo
$1,023
920
1, 536
1,480
213
Billings
$1,572
1.165
1,878
2.165
732
lawyers, accountants, and other highly paid persons providing pro
fessional service for large institutions on a salary basis are included.
The comparatively large median incomes in Butte are particularly
striking when taken in relation to the proportion of families receiving
relief at some time during the year, which was higher in Butte than in
any other city studied in this region. (See p. 28). The apparent
discrepancy is accounted for by the fact that employment was
extremely low in Butte at the beginning of 1935 and a very large
number of families were on the relief rolls, but that opportunities for
work increased through 1935 and 1936. (99 percent of the Butte
income schedules cover years ending before Sept. 30, 1936.) Many
families which had been on relief at the beginning of the year covered
by their reports were receiving full-time pay in the last months of
that year. In the wake of the strong union organization of metal and
coal miners in the Butte area, workers in almost all types of gainful
employment in Butte are employed under union conditions. The
median incomes of families in specified occupational groups are shown
on table 12 for native white complete families.
T able
12•— Median income of native white complete families, by occupational group
[Relief and nonrelief families]
Denver
Occupational group
All families......................... .
Wage earner...................
Clerical_________ ____
Independent business.
Independent profes
sional______________
Salaried business_____
Salaried professional.
Other................................
SpringOmahaCouncil Dubuque field,
Bluffs
Mo.
Butte
Pueblo
Billings
NonNonNonNonNon
NonNonAll re All re All re All re All re All re All re
fam lief fam lief fam lief fam lief fam lief fam lief fam lief
ilies fam ilies fam ilies fam ilies fam ilies fam ilies fam ilies fam
ilies
ilies
ilies
ilies
ilies
ilies
ilies
Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol. Dol.
1,535 1,705 1,561 1,733 1, 111 1,279 1,157 1,315 1,624 1, 817 1,277 1,517 1,839 1,947
1,126 1,341 1,194 1,423 950 1,129 950 1,145 1,356 1, 569 1,100 1,374 1.347 1,562
1,773 1,824 1,842 1,887 1,541 1, 596 1, 532 1, 565 1,860 1,893 1,608 1, 687 2,020 2,031
1,682 1,742 1,657 1,736 1,292 1,341 1,191 1, 216 2,059 2,125 1,361 1,440 2,206 2,264
3, 217 3, 239 3,161 3,170 2,667 2,667 2, 455 2, 455 3, 312 3,312 2,500 2,656 3,438 3, 438
2,880 2,885 2,797 2,803 2,420 2,420 2, 255 2,266 2,852 2,859 2,208 2, 238 2,863 2,863
2,311 2,378 2,243 2, 369 1,940 1,975 1,962 2,008 2,463 2, 538 1,732 1,836 2,479 2,490
693 1, 023 648 949 246 438 480 631 832 940 234 625 786 911
OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS AND FAMILY INCOME
27
A comparison of the above figures with those in table 5 reveals
that the median income of wage-earner and clerical families in the
more homogeneous group of native white complete families was higher
than the corresponding median which included all families, foreign
and native, complete as well as incomplete.
With the restriction of the wage-earner group to native white
families having both husband and wife, the median income was in
creased by amounts ranging from as little as $60 (Dubuque) to as
much as $180 (Pueblo and Billings); among clerical families the
amount of the increase ranged from $30 in B„utte to $170 in Denver.
The median income of native white clerical families containing a
married couple was lowest in Dubuque and Springfield, where it
amounted to less than $1,550, and highest in Billings where it reached
more than $2,000. For wage-earner families also, the median income
of $950 in Dubuque and Springfield fell below that of the other cities
while both Butte and Billings wage earners received median incomes
of approximately $1,350.
In each city except Butte and Billings the independent business
families received lower median incomes than did the families of cleri
cal workers. Entrepreneurial groups whose usual remuneration is
relatively low, such as the rooming- and boarding-house keepers, small
storekeepers, hucksters, and the like are all included in the inde
pendent business classification. There apparently were enough of
these cases among the native white complete group to result in a
median income well below that of the professional and salaried busi
ness groups. As a matter of fact, the incomes of independent business
families are even lower when foreign-born and incomplete families
deriving their incomes primarily from independent enterprises are
included, since so many of the lowest-paid enterprises belong to such
groups. Among the native white complete families, the independent
business families received medians as low as $1,191 in Springfield and
as high as $2,206 in Billings. Compared with the salaried business
groups these independent business families received approximately
$1,050 less in Springfield and $660 less in Billings. In the other
cities the discrepancy in the median of these two business groups was
just as great or greater than in these two communities.
The highest median incomes of all occupational groups were re
ceived by the families of independent professional persons. Their
median incomes ranged between $2,455 in Springfield and $3,438 in
Billings among these native white families containing both husband
and wife. In all West Central-Rocky Mountain cities these medians
were between two and three times as large as those obtained by fami
lies of wage earners.
Salaried business families received the second highest median in
comes, the salaried professional the third, while the clerical, inde-
28
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
pendent business, and wage-earner groups generally followed in the
order stated.
Because, as we shall see later, the “other” classification included a
relatively large proportion of relief cases, the median incomes for
families in this category were increased by at least $100 in each com
munity, and by more than $300 in Denver, Omaha-Council Bluffs,
and Pueblo, when the analysis was restricted to nonrelief families.
Since relief work is very largely concentrated in wage-earning jobs,
it is to be expected that the exclusion of relief families will show more
effect on the wage-earner medians than on those of clerical, business,
and professional families.
Propor tion of families receiving relief in various occupational groups.—
The proportion of all families receiving relief at some time during the
year by occupational group in each of the West Central-Rocky Moun
tain communities studied follows:
Occupational group
Wage earner--------------------------Clerical.------ ------------------------Business and professional..........
Other________________________
OmahaSpringDenver Council Dubuque field,
Bluffs
Mo.
27.7
6.7
3.9
37.3
26.7
5.4
4.6
28.2
29.6
6.4
5.1
28.5
24.5
4.2
2.9
23.8
Butte
35.6
13.3
5.8
34.1
Pueblo
33.9
10.0
8.7
60.7
Billings
23.7
1.1
2.6
10.3
Among all the families classified as wage earners, the proportion
which received relief at some time during the year ranged from 24
percent in Billings to 36 percent in Butte.
Among clerical families the proportion having received relief
ranged from only 1 percent in Billings to 13 percent in Butte, and of
the business and professional families no community had as many as
10 percent dependent on public assistance.
Of the families classified as “other,” most of which were retired or
nonemployed, as many as 6 out of 10 in Pueblo were dependent at
some time during the year on public assistance. In the other com
munities, with the exception of Billings, the proportion ranged between
two-tenths and four-tenths. That only one-tenth of the Billings
families classified in the “other” group received relief during the year
may be explained in part by the inclusion of a fairly large proportion
of farmers living within the city limits in Billings6 and in part by
the number of families of retired persons living there. In cities where
this category included a predominance of totally unemployed or
unemployable persons, relief families might be expected to comprise
a large proportion of the group. The rather wide variation in the
proportion of relief families in this retired, nonemployed, and farmer
group in the various cities also suggests its heterogeneous nature. It
should be emphasized, however, that if any member of a family had
* Of the native white complete families in this classification, 26 percent engaged in farming.
OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS AND FAMILY INCOME
29
remunerative employment during any part of the year from an
occupation other than farming, even though that employment was
on a work-relief project, the family would not be included in this group.
As has been stated, any family which received relief at any time
during the year is included as a relief family, but all families were
classified in the occupation from which the greatest part of their
earnings was derived whether this activity was work relief or private
employment. Thus these relief percentages do not indicate the
occupational incidence of relief nor the frequency of relief jobs, but
rather indicate the make-up of our several occupational groups with
regard to this relief factor—a factor which may noticeably affect
income differences among occupational groups.
We have seen that the native white families containing both a
husband and a wife represent a somewhat select group with regard to
income. Their median incomes were far above those of the incomplete
families and the nonwhite families especially, and significantly, though
not so much, above the medians of the foreign group. It is of interest
to examine, for this native white complete group, intercity variations
within a given occupational group as well as variations in the income
level of the different occupational groups.
Wage-earner families.—Incomes received by wage-earner families
are far from uniform within the several cities studied as is evidenced
by the median incomes and income distributions of these families,
presented in table 13. In Springfield, and in Dubuque, over one-half
of the native white complete wage-earner families received less than
$1,000 per year, which if averaged over the year amounts to less than
$20 per week. Only in Billings and Butte did more than two-thirds
of the wage-earner families secure more than $1,000 per year. In
four of the seven communities studied (Denver, Dubuque, Springfield,
and Pueblo) the native white wage-earner families which contained
both husband and wife were most heavily concentrated in the income
class $500 to $1,000, at least 30 percent of all native white complete
wage-earner families obtaining incomes within this rather narrow
range. In Omaha-Council Bluffs, Butte, and Billings, however, the
modal income group fell between $1,000 and $1,500.
In all of the communities except Dubuque and Springfield approxi
mately 1 native white complete wage-earner family in every 9 or 10
had an income of less than $500 per year. In Dubuque almost 1 out
of 6 of the families were in this income class, and in Springfield approx
imately 1 out of 4 of these wage-earner families received less than
$500 a year (or an average weekly income of less than $10 per week).
Since the lower-paid wage-earner families are not often in a position
to accumulate surpluses upon which to draw in periods of financial
stress, many of these low income families may have received supple-
30
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
mentary income in the form of direct relief—a source which was not
measured in the present study.
T able
13 .—Income of families of wage earners, percentage distribution, and median
income
[Native white complete families, relief and nonrelief]
Income class
All families------------------ ---------Under $500. .............................
$500-$999...... ...........................
$1,000-$l, 499_____________
$1, 500-$1,999__.......................
$2,000-$2,999_____________
$3,000 and over----------------Median income...........................
Denver
100.0
12.3
30.1
26.3
16.3
12.8
2.2
$1,126
OmahaSpringCouncil Dubuque field,
Bluffs
Mo.
100.0
11.6
26.4
26.9
18.2
14.1
2.8
$1,194
100.0
15.9
38.0
25.3
13.1
6.7
1.0
$950
100.0
23.0
30.0
21.3
15.2
8.6
1.9
$950
Butte
100.0
11.4
18.0
30.6
21.4
15.5
3.1
$1,356
Pueblo
100.0
12.0
32.6
25.6
17.9
10.2
1.7
$1,100
Billings
100.0
11.1
19.9
25.7
23.1
15.5
4.7
$1,347
Relatively few wage-earner families received as much income as
$3,000 even when all sources of income from all members of the
family were pooled. Obviously, even more rarely did individual wage
earners even in the most skilled trades attain yearly earnings of this
amount. In Butte and in Billings where the median income was
highest, the highest proportion also of wage-earner families received
incomes of $3,000 or more. In these cities 3 and 5 percent, respec
tively, of the wage-earner families obtained yearly incomes amount
ing to as much as $3,000. In each of the other communities less
than 3 percent of native white complete wage-earner families were
in this income class, and in Dubuque, Springfield, and Pueblo less
than 2 percent secured $3,000 or more.
Clerical families.—Clerical families received median incomes which
were approximately 50 to 75 percent higher than the medians for
wage-earner families. This does not necessarily mean that whitecollar clerical workers normally earned this much more than wage
earners. Relief families, which made up a rather large proportion of
the wage-earner group, were not so frequent among clerical families;
also many of the clerks, typists, and other office workers, especially
the women workers, may have contributed their earnings to the
family income in family groups where the major part of the earnings
came from an occupation included under some other classification.6
There are included, however, in this category such workers as sales
men (both on salaried and commission basis), real-estate agents,
insurance agents, and firm representatives whose positions may be
more similar to salaried business than to the store clerks and office
workers mentioned above. For such persons we might expect incomes
above the average for the majority of the clerical group.
6 As was pointed out on p. 18 above, the occupation of a family is determined by the occupational
source of the greatest part of the family earnings.
31
OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS AND FAMILY INCOME
The pattern of family income of clerical workers, like that of the
income of wage-earner families, differed markedly among the West
Central-Rocky Mountain communities as may be seen from table 14.
The median incomes of native white clerical families headed by a
married couple ranged from $1,532 in Springfield to $2,020 in Billings.
Only in Springfield did the proportion of these clerical families receiv
ing less than $500 amount to as much as 3 percent. The proportion
of families which obtained less than $1,000 fell below 10 percent in
Butte and Billings, between 11 and 13 percent in Omaha-Council
Bluffs, and Denver, under 20 percent in Dubuque and Pueblo. In
Springfield 24 percent of the complete native white clerical families
received less than $1,000 in current funds.
In each of the communities at least 40 percent of these clerical
families secured incomes between $1,000 and $2,000. Also, in each
of the cities more families in this clerical group received incomes
greater than $2,000 than obtained less than $1,000. In Billings, over
half of the native white clerical families with both husband and wife
received $2,000 or more during the scheduled year, and in Denver,
Omaha-Council Bluffs, and Butte well over one-third received incomes
of this magnitude.
T able
14 .— Income of families of clerical workers, percentage distribution, and
median income
[Native white complete families, relief and nonrelief]
Income class
All families— .................................
Under $500_ _____________
$500-$999_________________
$1,000-$1,499______________
$1,500-$1,999_..........................
$2,000-$2,999______ _______
$3,000 and over-----------------Median in c o m e ..........................
Denver
100.0
2.0
10.8
22.4
25.7
28.1
11.0
$1,773
SpringOmahaCouncil Dubuque field,
Bluffs
Mo.
100.0
1.9
9.0
23.0
24.4
29.9
11.8
$1,842
100.0
2.8
16.3
29.0
23.7
23.0
5.2
$1,541
100.0
3.3
21.1
24.2
23.3
22.9
5.2
$1,532
Butte
100.0
.7
7.9
17.1
35.1
31.0
8.2
$1,860
Pueblo
100.0
2.4
15.0
26.0
28.7
23.7
4.2
$1, 608
Billings
100.0
1.5
5. S
15.4
26.2
36.9
14.1
$2,020
The independent business group.—Although the median income of
families receiving their major earnings from independent business
enterprises is slightly lower than that of clerical families in all of the
cities except Butte and Billings, they are much more evenly distri
buted over the entire range of income than are the families in any of
the other occupational groups. In other words, the independent
business group is rather heterogeneous, consisting at one extreme of
small-scale enterprises such as hucksters, tailors, small-shop keepers,
and boarding-house operators, many of whom are operating near the
subsistence level, and at the other extreme of individual owners or
partners in large wholesale, retail, or manufacturing establishments.
The income distribution of independent business families is shown
on table 15.
32
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
T able
15 .— Income of families in the independent business group, percentage
distribution, and median income
[Native white complete families, relief and nonrelief]
Income class
All families__________________
Under $500. _____________
$500-$999_________________
$1,000-11,499______________
$1,500-$1,999______________
$2,000-$2,999______________
$3,000 and over___________
Median income_______________
Denver
100.0
5.9
15.8
20.8
19.9
19.2
18.4
$1, 682
OmahaSpring- Butte
Council Dubuque field,
Mo.
Bluffs
100.0
6.5
16.0
21.3
16.9
18.7
20.6
$1, 657
100.0
8.4
24.8
25.1
17.0
17.0
7.7
$1, 292
100.0
15.2
24.2
24.4
15.1
13.2
7.9
$1,191
100.0
2.0
11.0
17.4
18.1
25.8
25.7
$2,059
Pueblo
100.0
10.1
19.2
27.5
16.2
16.2
10.8
$1,361
Billings
100.0
2.3
6.7
21.6
13.1
26.1
30.2
$2, 206
Because of the heterogeneous groups included, the distribution of
the income of independent business families differed even more
widely among the several cities than did the income of either wageearner or clerical families. In Billings, 1 native white complete
family out of 10 which derived its chief income from independent
business received less than $1,000 a year, whereas in Springfield,
Mo., almost 4 in every 10 of these families had less than this amount.
In Denver and in Omaha-Council Bluffs 2 of these families in every 10
received an income of less than $1,000. It is probably true that some
of the families depending for their incomes on independent business
occupations withdrew stocks of food or clothing for family use without
properly evaluating such goods consumed as part of their income.
This is especially likely among operators of small retail stores in which
systematic accounting records are not employed. Furthermore, it
is not unusual among such families to find no separation between
funds used for the living expenses of the family and the capital account
of the business.
Independent business families obtaining annual incomes of $3,000
or more constituted over 30 percent of the native white complete
families in this occupational group in Billings, 26 percent in Butte,
and approximately 20 percent in Denver and Omaha-Council Bluffs.
In Dubuque, Springfield, and Pueblo the proportion of the independ
ent business families with incomes of at least $3,000 was somewhat
lower, ranging between 8 and 11 percent.
All business and professional groups.—The rather significant
number of low income families found among the independent business
group is not characteristic of the other business and professional
occupations, so that when the four business and professional occupa-
33
OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS AND FAMILY INCOME
tions are combined the family income average is noticeably raised.
(See table 16.)7
T able
16 .— Income of families in the business and professional groups, percentage
distribution, and median income
[Native white complete families, relief and nonrelief]
I n c o m e cla ss
D enver
O m ahaC o u n c il D u b u q u e
B lu ffs
Sp rin g field ,
M o.
B u tte
P u e b lo
B illin g s
A ll fa m ilies _ _______________ . . .
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
U n d e r $500___________________
$500-$999______________________
$1,000-$1,499________ ________
$1,500-$1,999______________
$2,000-$2,999_________ _______
$3,000 a n d o v e r _______________
3 .0
9 .1
14.9
1 7.0
2 4 .5
3 1 .5
2 .9
8 .4
13 .6
16.4
2 5 .7
3 3 .0
5 .0
14.1
1 9.4
19.7
2 2 .6
19 .2
8 .8
16 .0
19.9
16.7
2 1 .5
17.1
1 .5
6 .5
1 0 .0
16.9
2 9 .2
3 5 .9
5 .5
1 3.6
1 9.9
2 1 .5
2 2 .7
16.8
1 .0
4 .1
12.0
15 .6
2 8 .9
3 8 .4
$2,191
$2, 315
$1, 789
$1, 649
$2, 471
$1, 764
$2, 553
M e d ia n in c o m e ________________
Families with incomes of less than $500, for instance, were propor
tionately only half as frequent among all native white complete
business and professional families as they were among independent
business families alone. And when the income classes below $1,000
are considered, only 5 percent of the Billings business and professional
families, 8 percent of those in Butte, and slightly more than 10 percentin Denver and Omaha-Council Bluffs received such relatively low
incomes. The proportions were somewhat higher in the other cities,
amounting to 19 percent in Dubuque and Pueblo and to 25 percent in
Springfield, but were still definitely lower than for the independent
business group considered separately.
Similarly, the more favorable economic position of the native
white complete families in the 4 business and professional occupational
groups, as compared with the independent business group alone, is
evident from the greater concentration of the combined occupations
at the income level of $3,000 and over. Approximately 4 out of every
10 native white complete families which engaged in business and pro
fessional occupations in Billings secured incomes of at least $3,000.
The proportion was only slightly lower in Butte (36 percent) while
more than 3 out of every 10 business and professional families in the
large communities of Denver and Omaha-Council Bluffs were included
in this highest income bracket. In the other 3 cities less than 2 out
of 10 native white complete families in these occupational groups
reported incomes of $3,000 or more.
7 The discussion given above has concerned itself to this point with the independent business group
which, although comprising nearly as many families as the professional and salaried business families
combined, does not accurately represent the status of all business and professional families. Because of
the similarity of the independent business group to the other business and professional groups at the higher
income levels and since data on the four business and professional groups are combined in the smaller
communities for purposes of expenditure analysis in vol. II, the four groups will be treated as a single unit
in the present discussion.
34
WEST CENTRAL-ROOKY MOUNTAIN REGION
The present chapter has been primarily concerned with describing
the occupational composition of the several communities and showing
the difference in income pattern within these rather broad groups.
Associated with these income differences, however, are rather impor
tant factors which will serve as the subject matter of the following
chapters. Important among these are the number of earners, the
length of employment, and age and sex of the earners, as well as
sources of income other than earnings.
Chapter IV
Family Composition and Income
With the development and use of the concept of family income
as distinguished from individual income, an understanding of the
family composition of different income groups becomes increasingly
important. The real significance of family income among the various
social groupings of the population is to a large extent dependent
upon the number of persons who must share in and who contribute to
the family funds.
Complete and incomplete families.—A complete family as defined in
the present study, is one which contains both a husband and a wife.1
Thus in the group of incomplete families we find widowed or separated
persons, single individuals maintaining their own quarters, and other
groups, not necessarily related, which live together, pool their incomes,
and share expenses.
Among the native white group, the proportion of families which
included a married couple ranged from 67 percent in Butte to 79
percent in Omaha-Council Bluffs. In four of these seven communi
ties, complete families constituted between 75 percent and 80 percent
of the native white family population. For the foreign-born families,
however, there was somewhat more intercity variability in the pro
portion of families having both husband and wife. In Springfield,
where foreign-born families make up only slightly more than 2 percent
of all families, approximately 56 percent of them were complete as
contrasted with 82 percent in Omaha-Council Bluffs and Billings and
80 percent in Dubuque. In most of the other communities, however,
there was relatively little difference in the proportion of complete
families in these two nativity groups. (See table 17.)
T able
17 .—Percentage distribution among native- and foreign-born white, of complete
and incomplete families
[Relief and nonrelief]
Family composition
SpringOmahaCouncil Dubuque field,
Bluffs
Mo.
Butte
Pueblo
Billings
Native
Foreignborn
Native
Foreignborn
Native
Foreignborn
Native
Foreignborn
Native
Foreignborn
Native
Foreignborn
Native
Foreignborn
Denver
All families_____________ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Complete_______________ 71.7 72.1 78.9 81.5 71.5 80.2 76.2 55.6 67.3 65.0 75.6 75.0 76.7 81. 5
Incomplete___________ 28.3 27.9 21.1 18.5 28.5 19.8 23.8 44.4 32.7 35.0 24.4 25.0 23.3 18. 5
1 The designation, •‘complete” family, should not be confused with that used by demographers to refer
to couples which have passed the child-bearing period and therefore are complete with respect to the number
of children to be born.
35
36
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
That the presence of a married couple is associated with a more
favorable economic status is indicated by the figures in table 18. The
median income of the incomplete families, for instance, was only
five- to six-tenths as great as that of the families containing both
husband and wife. Whereas the median incomes of incomplete
families were between $632 in Springfield and $972 in Omaha-Council
Bluffs, the husband-wife families attained median incomes ranging
from $1,111 in Dubuque to $1,839 in Billings.
T able
18 .— Percentage distribution by income of complete and incomplete families;
median income; and percentage receiving relief
[Native white families, relief and nonrelief]
Denver
Income class
OmahaCouncil
Bluffs
SpringDubuque field,
Mo.
Butte
Pueblo
Billings
In Com In Com In Com In Com In Com In Com In
Com com
com plete com plete com plete com plete com plete com
plete plete
plete plete
plete
plete
plete
plete
plete
All families________ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Under $500____ 8.3 27.3 7.6 22.8 14.5 37.2 17.4 41.5 7.5 28.8 11.2 36.8 6.1 22.0
$500-$999______ 18.8 27.3 17.3 28.4 29.0 28.2 25.3 27.6 13.8 27.9 25.1 31.6 11.5 36.0
$1,000-$1,499----- 21.5 17.4 22.6 24.4 24.0 17.6 21.2 16.2 23.2 11.9 23.9 11.6 18.5 17.1
$1,500-$1,999___ 18.4 8.2 19.3 9.6 15.6 9.0 16.6 8.1 22.9 13.6 20.0 10.3 20.7 8.5
$2,000-$2,999___ 19.7 11.6 21.0 8.8 12.0 6.4 13.8 5.2 21.3 11.0 14.8 8.4 25.1 12.8
$3,000 and over. 13.3 8.2 12.2 6.0 4.9 1.6 5.7 1.4 11.3 6.8 5.0 1.3 18.1 3.6
Median income------ $1,535 $920 $1, 561 $972 $1,111 $676 $1,157 $632 $1, 624 $857 $1, 277 $683 $1, 839 $891
Percentage receiv
ing relief________ 13.8 23.5 14.3 21.2 20.2 24.5 14.0 21.4 18.2 37.3 23.4 38.1 9.1 12.8
As a further measure of the relative economic status of these two
major family composition groups, it is of interest to compare the
proportion receiving incomes of less than $500 for the year. Although
as many as 17 percent of the native white complete families in Springfield had less than $500 in income, in four of these communities corre
spondingly low income families constituted only 8 percent or less of
the complete group. Among the incomplete families, on the other
hand, no fewer than 22 percent of the families (Billings) and as many
as 42 percent (Springfield) received incomes under $500. Equally
marked was the contrast at the upper income level of $3,000 and over
where the complete families were from two to five times as numerous,
proportionately, as the incomplete.
In each community, a greater proportion of the incomplete families
than of those which included both husband and wife was forced to
apply for relief at some time during the year. In this respect, how
ever, the communities showed considerable variation. Approxi
mately 24 percent of the incomplete families of Dubuque, for instance,
received public assistance as compared with 20 percent of the com
plete. But in Butte the spread was much greater; 18 percent of the
complete families and as many as 37 percent of the incomplete were
relief cases.
37
FAMILY COMPOSITION AND INCOME
There are several reasons why the incomplete families represent a
less favorably situated economic group than the families which
include a married couple. A large proportion of the incomplete group
consisted of one-person householders; in these cases the number of
potential earners was necessarily restricted to one. Moreover, a
large group of the broken families had lost the chief breadwinner;
such families were frequently dependent on the earnings of children
just entering their economic life or upon the earnings of a female head
whose previous training had not adapted her for employment outside
of the home. In this connection it is of interest to compare the
proportion of male and female principal earners among complete and
incomplete native white families (relief and nonrelief):
Sex and family composition
Male earners:
Complete _______________
Incomplete_______________
Female earners:
Complete _ ____________ Incomplete _____________
SpringOmahaDenver Council Dubuque field,
Bluffs
Mo.
94.8
39.8
5.2
60.2
95.9
43.1
4.1
5G.9
95.9
44.3
4.1
55.7
94.1
39.5
5.9
60.5
Butte
98.2
35.6
1.8
64.4
Pueblo
97.1
46. 7
2.9
53.3
Billings
96.3
39.7
3.7
60.3
Only from 2 to 6 percent of the families which included both husband
and wife received their chief incomes from female rather than male
principal earners. Of the incomplete families, on the other hand,
more than half in each community, and as many as 64 percent in Butte,
depended upon female principal earners. Insofar as a sex differential
exists in wage rates and in types of work undertaken, we may expect a
lower income for the group which relies primarily upon females as chief
breadwinners.
An additional explanation of the relatively low incomes of incom
plete families lies in the fact that families with no gainfully employed
members were from four to six times as prevalent, proportionately, in
the incomplete families as in the families headed by a married pair.
This difference in occupational distribution has already been pointed
out in chapter III and its significance will become apparent in the dis
cussion below.
Family composition and occupation.—Not only were incomplete
families relatively more numerous than complete in the occupational
classification “other,” but they were less frequent, proportionately,
in the more remunerative occupational groups; the salaried business,
and independent professional.
In each of the occupational groups the median income of incomplete
families is considerably lower than that of families which included
both husband and wife. This difference is apparent from the median
incomes of table 19, presented for Denver and Omaha-Council Bluffs
38
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
only, since there were not enough incomplete families in the other cities
to warrant such detailed analysis. Part of the difference between the
median incomes of the complete and incomplete families is undoubt
edly due to variation in the specific occupations which are included
within each broad occupational classification, particularly since the
incomplete families are much more apt to have female principal earn
ers than are the complete families. For instance, in the salaried pro
fessional group, which includes such occupations as teaching, nursing,
and library and social work, which are available to women, we find a
greater proportion of incomplete families than of husband-wife families.
T able
19 .— Median income of complete and incomplete families, by occupational group
D EN V E R A N D OMAHA-COUNCIL BLUFFS
[Native white families, relief and nonrelief]
Occupational group
Denver
Omaha-Council Bluffs
Complete Incomplete Complete Incomplete
All families______________________ ___ _________ __
Wage earner ____________________________________
Clerical_________________ ____ ___________________
_____ ._
Independent business....... . . . _
Independent professional..____ ___________ ____ _
Salaried business. _ ______________________________
Salaried professional____________________________
Other__________________ ___________ ___________ _
$1,535
1,126
1,773
1,682
3, 217
2,880
2,311
693
$920
713
1,190
750
1.438
2,375
2.438
339
$1,561
1,194
1,842
1,657
3,161
2,797
2,243
648
(0
(0
$972
693
1,277
900
1,417
385
i Insufficient number of cases for computation of medians.
In explaining the higher median income of the complete families
we must take into account the fact that the principal earners of such
families had employment during more weeks of the year than did the
principal earners of incomplete families. Although no information
is available on the actual amount of employment, data were obtained
on the number of weeks during which some employment occurred.
In six of the West Central-Rocky Mountain communities, the prin
cipal earners of complete families worked on an average of 48 or 49
weeks out of 52, while among the families not containing a married
couple the average number of weeks in which the principal earner
worked ranged between 42 and 48. In the seventh community, Butte,
the averages were 39 and 44 with the difference still favoring the com
plete families.
Family type.—We have limited our discussion above to the influence
which the presence of a married couple in the family has on its eco
nomic status. But also of importance in determining the level of living
of the family is the number of adults and children which contribute to
and share in the family income. For the purpose of taking into ac
count the membership composition, both in respect to age and number
39
FAMILY COMPOSITION AND INCOME
of members, complete families were classified into nine major groups:2
Family type
I ______ __________________________________
II __________ _________________ ____ ______
III___ ____ ____________________ _____________
IV ________________________________________
V___________________________________________
VI _______________________________________
VII _____________________________________
VIII _____________________________________
Other 2 ______________ _____ ___ ___________
16
Persons under Persons
and
16 years of age years
over1
2
1
3 or 4
1
1
1
3 or 4
Additional Total, includ
persons of ing husband
any age 1
and wife
1 or 0
1 or 2
4 or 5
2
3
4
3 or 4
5 or 6
5 or 6
7 or 8
5 or 6
* Not including husband and wife.
2Any combination containing husband and wife not described above.
Figure 4 which represents these family types pictorially should
assist the reader in visualizing them.
The distribution of the native white and foreign-born white families
among these various types is presented in table 20. Of the native
families, the predominant type in each community consisted of a
husband and wife only. Approximately 3 out of every 10 native
white complete families had no members other than the married couple,
except in Dubuque where they represented only 2 out of every 10
families. The family type which consists of a married couple only is
heterogeneous from the point of view of income as well as age. Since
it includes the young newly married couple, the childless middle-aged
husband and wife as well as the older parents whose adult children
have moved away, we find that some families have just entered their
economic life, some have reached their maximum earning capacity,
while still others have retired from industry.
Family type IV, consisting of a husband and wife, one adult and
possibly one other person, was the next most numerous type found
in the native-born group. This family type comprised about twotenths of the families. These families in addition to the husband-wifeonly families accounted for approximately one-half of the family
population in all of these seven communities except Dubuque.
Among the foreign-born group in Denver and Billings, families with
one adult in addition to the husband and wife were slightly more
numerous, proportionately, than were families which contained only
the married pair. In the other communities, however, the predomi
nant type consisted of a husband and wife only. From five-tenths to
more than six-tenths of the foreign complete families were of either
type I or IV.
3 These family types are economic families, including a husband and wife and other persons living to
gether, using the same housing facilities, dependent on a common pooled income. The number in the family
was determined by the number of equivalent weeks with the family. More than 26 weeks in the family was
necessary for a person to be regarded as equal to one full-time member. A child age 14 living with the family
for 12 weeks only and another aged 12 living with the family 15 weeks, would equal one equivalent person
under 16. (See glossary for further discussion of this method.)
78127°— 40----- 4
40
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Fig. 4
FAMILY TYPES FOR INCOME STUDY
TYPE I
TYPE II
TYPE IV
TYPE III
TYPE V
€ C € C ®
TYPE VI
>6 YEARS
TYPE VII
t
MEMBERS REQUIRED FOR TYPE
©
II ■
■
■
■
I.__ j
TYPE VIII
0
MEMBER REQUIRED FOR TYPE,
BUT AGE ALTERNATIVE
A
U)( I|
X
MEMBER OPTIONAL FOR TYPE
L'S ! . i
‘ U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
€ $
age alternative
41
FAMILY COMPOSITION AND INCOME
Table 20 permits a comparison of the family-type distribution of the
two nativity groups. Families containing one, and possibly two,
adults in addition to the married pair were relatively more frequent
among the foreign born than among the native born. Furthermore,
family type VIII which includes three or four adults other than the
husband and wife occurred at least twice as frequently, propor
tionately, among the foreign as among the native families except in
Billings. On the other hand, families having one child under 16
years of age comprised between 13 and 18 percent of all native white
complete families but constituted less than 10 percent of these foreign
white families. These differences are to be expected since the foreignborn population is, on the average, considerably older than the native
and would consequently be concentrated to a greater extent in the
family types in which adults predominate.
T able
20 .— Percentage distribution of native- and foreign-born white families, by
family type
[Complete families, relief and nonrelief]
Denver
Family type
OmahaSpringCouncil Dubuque field,
Mo.
Bluffs
Butte
Pueblo
Billings
Na For Na For Na For Na For Na For Na For Na For
tive eign tive eign tive eign tive eign tive eign tive eign tive eign
All families______________
l
i i i ______________________
IV ______________________
v
V II_____________________
V III_____________________
Other _________________
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
32.6 26.3 27.6 25.9 21.7 37.1 28.6
17.6 9.0 16.7 9.5 13.4 6.7 16.1
11.3 9.6 12.5 8.5 11.6 5.7 11.0
21.5 27.9 19.7 25.5 20.3 25.7 21.1
7.1 9.3 8.6 11.0 10.1 7.6 9.2
5.6 7.7 7.9 5.4 9.3 4.8 6.4
2.3 4.3 4.2 5.7 7.6 3.8 4.8
1.3 3.1 1.5 4.4 2.9 6.7 1.7
.7 2.8 1.3 4.1 3.1 1.9 1.1
0) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0) 29.8 32.6 30.4 26.2 27.9 24.8
0) 18.2 8.7 17.4 8.8 20.1 9.1
0) 12.9 8.7 12.3 11.7 10.7 11.8
0) 19.4 28.2 18.9 23.4 19.4 26.1
0) 7.7 7.6 7.6 7.3 8.8 9.8
0) 6.9 4.9 7.6 6.6 6.3 9.8
0) 2.9 3.3 3.7 7.3 3.6 4.6
0) 1.3 3.3 1.2 7.3 2.0 2.0
.9 2.7 .9 1.4 1.2 2.0
0)
t Insufficient number of cases upon which to compute percentages.
As a further indication of the age difference in the foreign and
native complete families, the proportions of families which are com
posed primarily of husband and wife and children under 16 years and
the proportions of predominantly adult families are presented below
for the two white nativity groups:
City and nativity
Denver:
Native
Foreign
Omaha-Council Bluffs:
Native
_ _ _ ___
Foreign
Dubuque:
N ative
Foreign
Young
Adult
families, families,
types II, types IV
and
III, and
VIII
VI
34. 5
26.3
37.1
23.4
34. 3
17.2
33.5
22.8
31.0
21.2
29.9
23.2
32.4
22.8
City and nativity
Butte:
Native________ _ . . .
Foreign___________ ____
Pueblo:
N ative_________________
Foreign _ _________ _
Billings:
Native ...... .........................
Foreign _____________ _
Springfield, Mo.:
N ative_________________
Foreign _____
___
0)
0)
1 Number of cases insufficient for computation of percentage.
Young Adult
families, families,
types II, types IV
III, and
and
VI
VIII
38.0
22.3
37.3
27.1
37.1
30.7
20.7
31.5
20.1
30.7
21.4
28.1
42
WEST CENTRAL-KOOKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Thus we see that between 34 percent and 38 percent of the native
complete families are “young” as compared with 17 to 31 percent of
the foreign families. Conversely, the foreign group is concentrated
in the adult types to a greater extent; between 28 and 32 percent of
the foreign families have one or more persons over 16 in addition to the
married couple, while only 20 to 23 percent of the native families are of
this so-called “adult” composition.
Among native white complete families we find that the average
size of family was lowest in the large city of Denver (3.35 persons)
and was highest in Dubuque (4.05). In the other communities aver
age family size ranged between 3.48 in Butte and 3.63 in OmahaCouncil Bluffs. (See table 21 below.) In Dubuque also, the children
were approximately twice as numerous as the additional adults,
although the average number of persons in both age groups was higher
than in the other cities.
In each city, families receiving relief were definitely larger, on the
average, than were nonrelief families. In Denver, for instance, relief
families had an average size of 3.89 members while the self-supporting
families averaged only 3.26; Dubuque’s nonrelief families contained,
on the average, only 3.92 persons as compared with 4.55 in the families
which received public assistance at some time during the year. For
the other communities the size of relief families averaged between
3.77 and 4.27 members whereas the nonrelief group contained between
3.42 and 3.52 persons per family. The significance of this difference
in size becomes apparent when the age composition of relief and non
relief families is compared on the basis of the figures in table 21. The
larger families of the relief group reflect the presence of more children—
not more adults—than are found in the nonrelief families. Thus the
composition of the relief group hinders attempts to become selfsupporting in that it represents additional consumers of family income
rather than potential earners.
Family size and income.—Large families are not, however, confined
to the relief group but are found also in the high income groups. For
each city, there was a consistent increase in family size with rises in
the income scale until, at the level of $3,000 and over, the size of non
relief families approximated that of the families securing public assist
ance. In Denver, for example, families receiving incomes of less than
$500 averaged 2.64 members; families with incomes between $1,000
and $1,500 had 3.21 members; while the average family attaining an
income of at least $3,000 included 3.53 persons. That this trend was
consistent throughout the West Central-Rocky Mountain communities
is apparent from the figures of table 21.
But the age composition of the large families at the upper income
levels differs from that of the large relief families with young children.
Substantiating the claim that increase in family income is associated
43
FAMILY COMPOSITION AND INCOME
T able 21
.— A verage n u m ber o f person s an d average n u m ber of ch ildren in econom ic
fa m ilie s , b y in com e class
[Native white complete families, relief and nonrelief]
Denver
3. 35
3.89
3. 26
2.64
3.05
3. 21
3.26
3. 35
3. 53
0.89
1.39
.81
.46
.78
.86
.84
.81
.78
3. 63
4. 27
3. 52
2. 75
3.19
3.49
3.53
3. 62
3.80
1.11
1.66
1.02
.47
.96
1.12
1.07
1.00
.91
4.05
4.55
3.92
2.82
3. 72
3. 93
4.09
4.38
4.33
1.34
1.79
1.22
.49
1.27
1. 33
1.28
1.26
1.08
3. 61
4. 26
3.50
3.10
3. 45
3.50
3. 62
3.62
3.66
1.05
1.64
.95
.78
1.06
.99
1.02
.84
.72
Pueblo
3. 48
3. 77
3. 42
2.69
3.11
3.25
3.36
3. 54
3.82
1.01
1.33
.94
.43
.79
.93
1.00
.93
.95
Billings
3. 51
3.80
3. 42
2. 78
3. 28
3. 42
3. 48
3. 51
3.60
1.05
1.32
.97
.55
.99
1.04
1.06
.88
.78
a
Under 16
years
3
Under 16
years
<
Under 16
years
<
Under 16
years
<
I Under 16
[ years
Under 16
years
<
Total____________________
Total relief______________
Total nonrelief......................
Under $500___________
$500-$999.........................
$1,000-11,499__________
$1,500-$l,999__________
$2,000-$2,999__________
$3,000 and over_______
Butte
Average Average Average Average Average Average Average
number number number number number number number
of persons of persons of persons of persons of persons of persons of persons
Under 16
years
Income class
OmahaSpringCouncil Dubuque field,
Mo.
Bluffs
3. 54
4.23
3.47
2.62
3.27
3. 37
3.43
3. 53
3.69
1.02
1.70
.95
.42
1.02
1.03
1.05
.90
.86
with the presence of a greater number of adults contributing to the
family exchequer, we find, among families with incomes of $3,000 and
over, an average of between 0.74 and 1.25 adults in addition to the
married couple.
In Denver, families included, on the average, 0.18 adults other
than the husband and wife in the income class under $500; 0.35 at the
$1,000 to $1,500 level; and 0.74 at the $3,000 and over level. For
the other cities, too, the trend in number of adults is steadily upward
with the increase in family income.
No such consistent correlation is expected between income and the
presence in the family of children under 16 years of age since such
persons are rarely contributors to family income. In each community,
however, the average number of children among families receiving
public assistance was considerably higher than the average number of
children in nonrelief families at every income level.
Income by family type.—As may be seen from the data presented in
table 22 for the native white complete group, the nine family types
distinguished in this study showed wide variation with respect to
income. In each of the communities, the highest median income was
attained by families containing five or six adults (type VIII). Be
cause family income is affected by the number of earners which con
tribute to the exchequer and since the number of potential earners is
high in this family type, it is not surprising that in six of the West
Central-Rocky Mountain communities the median income of these
families was approximately twice as high as that received by some of
the other family types. The intercity variation in median incomes
44
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
of families of type VIII, however, was more than $1,000, with Billings
families receiving $2,950 and those of Dubuque, $1,606.
T able
22,—Median income and number of persons in families of different type
[Native white complete families, relief and nonrelief]
City
Average
number
of persons
per
family All
Denver_______
O m aha-C ouncil
Bluffs - . ______
Dubuque, . _____
Springfield, Mo___
Butte____________
Pueblo__________
B illin gs________
Number of persons'!
in family______ /
3.35
3.63
4.05
3. 61
3. 48
3.51
3. 54
$1, 535
1,561
1, 111
1,157
1, 624
1, 277
1, 839
Median income of family types
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII Other
$1, 443
1, 447
941
1,060
1, 506
1,183
1,700
2
$1, 466
1, 487
1,107
1,120
1,542
1,219
1, 730
3
$1, 483
1,487
1,058
1,134
1, 644
1,276
1,804
4
$1, 747
1,861
1,227
1,384
1, 781
1,477
2,145
3 or 4
$1,869
1,801
1, 313
1, 325
2,000
1,500
2, 216
5 or 6
$1, 281
1, 321
986
896
1, 430
1,147
1, 550
5 or 6
$1, 235
1,359
1,144
969
1, 490
1, 077
1,232
7 or 8
$1,966 $938
2, 640 1, 542
1,606 1,292
896
1,972
2, 750 1, 575
1,982
888
2, 950 1,292
f 7 or
5 or 6 \m
ore
Those family types which included one or two adults in addition to
the married couple (types IV and V) vied for the second highest
median income. Their medians ranged between $1,227 and $2,216.
With a fair degree of consistency, the families with one or two
children under 16 years of age had the next highest incomes but when
the number of children exceeded two, family income ranked low.
With a number of young children in the family, the wife is not likely
to be a supplementary earner.
The median income of the families composed of a husband and wife
only was also relatively low, ranging between $941 in Dubuque and
$1,700 in Billings, but the income per family member in this group was
higher than for any of the other family types. It is probable that a
significant proportion of the families containing just husband and
wife were young couples who had not reached the peak of their earnings
or older persons who had passed the age of maximum earnings.
The largest families, those containing seven or more members and
designated as type VII and “other,” received relief to a greater extent
than did the smaller families. One out of every two or three families
classified as “other” drew upon public assistance at some time during
the year. The proportion was slightly lower for family type VII but
still ranged between three- and four-tenths. (See table 23.)
When the family contained five or six members, the need for relief
was evidently associated with the age of its members. For instance,
family type VI, which includes three or four children, uniformly
ranked third in the proportion receiving relief. Families whose addi
tional three or four members are adults (type VIII) had the lowest
relief rate in five of the communities, and type V with a mixture of
adults and children fell midway in relation to the other two types.
Fi«. 5
MEDIAN INCOMES OF FAMILIES OF SPECIFIED TYPE IN SEVEN
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN COMMUNITIES
1935-1936
NATIVE WHITE COMPLETE FAMILIES-RELIEF AND NONRELIEF
INCOME IN DOLLARS
3000
INCOME (N OOLLARS
3000
2500
2500
BU TTE
PUEBLO
r > ;\ BILLINGS
-
2000
FAMILY COMPOSITION AND INCOME
DENVER
OMAHA-COUNCIL BLUFFS
DUBUQUE
500
i
n
U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS_____________
Oi
46
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
T able
23 .—Percentage of families in each type receiving relief during the year
[Native white complete families!
City
D enver..............................................
Omaha-Council Bluffs....................
Dubuque____________ __________
Springfield, M o______ •_..............
Butte....................................................
Pueblo........................................... .
Billings___________________ ____
Number of persons in family____
Percentage in family type
All
I
II
13.8
14.3
20.2
14.0
18.2
23.4
9.1
9.9
11.5
16.6
10.5
17.3
21.1
6.7
2
12.3
10.4
15.6
11.0
16.3
23.4
8.0
3
III
IV
V
VI
VII
VIII Other
17.4 11.9 15.1 25.4 37.4 15.7
54.5
14.1 10.9 17.0 23.7 34.8 12.5
40.7
21.6 16.6 22.0 26.5 32.1 13.0
37.7
13.5 11.7 17.7 22.7 33.7
7.9
38.4
16.5 16.2 15.7 30.2 38.6
45.5
2.2
21.8 20.0 24.2 31.0 42.3 16.4
56.4
6.3
6.6 15.3 30.9
3.2
31.6
12.0
f
7 or
4 3 or 4 5 or 6 5 or 6 7 or 8 5 or 6 \ more
As judged by their lack of relief income, the small families consisting
of a married couple only or of one child in addition to the husband
and wife were relatively self-supporting types although not so much
so as the small families which included an extra adult (type IV).
Chapter V
Sources of Family Income
The sources from which family incomes are derived, that is, whether
from earnings, profits, property investments, pensions, inheritances,
interest, etc., may determine not only the size but the expected
stability of the income from year to year. Stability of income may
in turn influence the manner in which family funds are spent. The
number of persons contributing to the family income may also in
fluence the expenditure pattern of families. Thus the analysis of
sources of income in the different social and economic groups not only
contributes to our understanding of differences in the amount of
income obtained by the various elements of the population but gives
a background to the study of differences in expenditures analyzed
in later volumes.
Family income has been classified into money and nonmoney
income. Money income includes not only the earnings of family
members working individually and as a group but also the money
income from such sources as rents, interests, dividends, annuities,
pensions, and gifts in cash. Nonmoney income, consisting of income
imputed to home owners, and of rent received as pay, is of major
importance in reflecting the relative level of living of home owners
and of renters. This chapter will deal primarily with money income
while the subject of nonmoney income will be reserved for discussion
in the following chapter.
As may be seen from the figures of table 24, the relative importance
of the various sources of aggregate family income was remarkably
similar in these seven western communities even though the cities
differed widely in size and in types of economic activity. In each
of the communities earnings provided the bulk of income, constituting
between 85 and 89 percent of aggregate family income. By far the
largest single source of income was the income from the employment
of the principal earner who, by definition, is the family member with
the largest amount of earnings for the year. His contribution to
family income ranged from 75 percent in Denver to 81 percent in
Pueblo. The amount of aggregate family income which was supplied
by supplementary earners was more variable, but in no community
did this source of income consist of more than 10 percent or less than
5 percent of total family income. An additional source of earnings
such as the keeping of roomers or boarders or casual work in the
47
48
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
home—work w4iich is usually a joint family enterprise and the income
from which is not attributable to any one member—provided only
1 or 2 percent of all income.
T able
24.— Aggregate fa m ily
incom e and percentage distribu tion , by sources of
incom e
[AH families, relief and nonrelief]
Sources of income
Denver
OmahaCouncil
Bluffs
SpringDubuque field,
Mo.
Butte
Pueblo
Billings
Estimated aggregate in
come.. __ __________ $141,021,000 $106,145,000 $13,232,000 $20,344,000 $15,066,000 $15,359,000 $8, 619,000
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
Percentage___________
100.0
(92. 7)
(92.4)
(94. 3)
(94.1)
Money income______
(93. 6)
(93. 0)
(93. 5)
Earnings... ______
(84.9)
(86. 8)
(85. 2)
(87. 3)
(88.1)
(88. 8)
(85. 7)
Principal earner._
76.7
77.6
75.3
74.6
79.9
81.1
76.5
Supplem entary
9.2
8.2
earner ______
8.7
7.6
8.8
7.5
5.8
R o o m e r s and
boarders and
work in home.1.2
1.5
1.0
1.4
0.6
1.9
1.7
Money income other
than earnings_____
8.4
5.4
7.5
7.5
4.9
4.7
8.4
N onm oney income
from housing______
5.7
6.4
7.3
7.6
7.0
6.5
5.9
Money income from sources other than those which we have termed
“earnings” constituted only between 5 and 8 percent of all family
income.1 Such income was proportionately most significant for
families in Billings and Denver and least significant in Pueblo.
One additional source of income must be included if we are to place
the purchasing power of the home owner on a level comparable with
that of the renter. Since the current money expenses entailed by home
ownership are usually less than the housing expenses of renters in
comparable types of dwellings, owners will usually have more money
available for nonhousing expenses than will renters with the same
money income. Therefore, after deducting the expenses of home
ownership (taxes, interest on mortgage, insurance, and building main
tenance) from the rental value of the dwelling, the remainder has
been treated as nonmoney income from home ownership and has been
added to the money income to give the total family income of home
1 It should be kept in mind that this is a study of income available to the family, serving as the basis for
our study of family expenditures. Family income necessarily includes a higher percentage of income de
rived from earnings and a relatively small proportion from nonearnings, as compared with estimates made
of the relative amounts contributed by these two sources when accounting for the total national income.
One element of discrepancy which is immediately apparent between our distribution of family income data
and that of other income studies, concerns the treatment of entrepreneurial profits. In the present study
the net income made available to the family by an entrepreneur from the operation of his business or pro
fession was treated as earnings, and was thus put on the same basis as the earnings from wages, salaries,
fees, or commissions. Profits retained in the business, and not withdrawn for family use, were not included
as family income in the Study of Consumer Purchases. In the same way gains from investments, which
remained in corporate hands and were not released to members of the family, did not come within our pur
view of family income. Losses sustained by the family, either in a business operated by family members,
or on real estate or other property owned by family members, were deducted from income, so that the figures
used were for net incomes of the family. Finally the technique of field interview must be expected to result
in an underrepresentation of certain extremely high income families; and perhaps especially of that part
of income derived from sources other than earnings.
SOURCES OF FAMILY INCOME
49
owners. A second item of nonmoney income is the free occupancy of a
family dwelling received in payment for services, as in the case of the
janitor or resident manager of an apartment house.2 Nonmoney income
from housing constituted only between 6 and 8 percent of income, a
relatively small proportion of the aggregate income of all families.
It will become apparent, however, in the following chapter where
nonmoney income is considered in detail, that for families having
such income, it represented a fairly substantial amount.
As has been indicated in chapter II, a further source of income—
namely, the amount of direct relief in cash or kind which was obtained
during the year—has not been ascertained in this study. Wages on
work-relief projects, however, were determined and are included as
money earnings.
Sources of income by nativity and by family composition.—The above
discussion of family income was concerned with all families in the
community. A comparison of native white and foreign white families,
on the basis of the figures presented in table 25, reveals that the foreign
families received a slightly greater proportion of their aggregate income
in the form of nonmoney income from housing. Anticipating the more
detailed discussion of chapter VI, this difference may be partially
accounted for on the basis of the greater frequency of home ownership
among the foreign born. A little more than 10 percent of the income
of the foreign-born group in Omaha-Council Bluffs was nonmoney
income from housing as contrasted with less chan 7 percent of the
income of the native group. It might be expected that this com
munity would show the greatest difference since it is in OmahaCouncil Bluffs that the difference in frequency of home ownership
between the two nativity groups is most marked.
Between 93 and 94 percent of the income of native white families
and from 90 to 92 percent of the aggregate of foreign white families
is money income.
Even though money income and earnings as a whole constituted a
slightly smaller proportion of the aggregate income of foreign than of
native white families, supplementary earnings were relatively more
important to the former group. Among the native white families,
supplementary earnings provided only between 5 and 8 percent of
aggregate income whereas the correspond ng range for the foreign
white group was between 9 and 15 percent. This greater dependence
of the foreign-born families on supplementary earners is in part due to
the age and family type composition of the foreign-born families as
2 Another source of nonmoney income to the family is the care of the home by the housewife, but due
to the difficulty of evaluating such work the income figures shown in this report do not include this form
of nonmoney income.
50
T able
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
25 .—Sources of aggregate income, for native- and foreign-born white families ,
percentage distribution
[Relief and nonrelief families]
Native
All sources.........................................................
Money income..-------------------- -------- Earnings---- ---------------------------Principal earner_____________
Supplementary earner_______
Roomers and boarders and
work in home_____________
Money income other than earn
ings----------------------- ------------Nonmoney income from housing____ .
100.0
(93.8)
(85.0)
76.0
7.9
1.1
8.8
6.2
Springfield, Mo.
Source of income
Omaha-Council
Bluffs
Denver
Source of income
Foreign
100.0
(92. 4)
(85.8)
71.1
13.3
1.4
6.6
7.6
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
0)
100.0
(93. 4)
(88. 5)
79.0
8.1
1.4
4.9
6.6
Butte
For Native
Native eign
1
All sources............................. .................. 100.0
Money income................................. (94. 4)
Earnings______________ _____ (87. 2)
Principal earner________ 78.1
Supplementary earner.._ 8.1
Roomers and boarders
1.0
and work in h om e____
Money income other than
7.2
earnings_________________
5.6
Nonmoney income from housing.
Native
Dubuque
Foreign
100.0
(89.8)
(83.0)
68.6
13.1
1.3
6.8
10.2
Pueblo
For Native
eign
Native
Foreign
100.0
(92. 7)
(85. 6)
76.4
7.9
1.3
7.1
7.3
100.0
(90.5)
(80.4)
62.5
14.6
3.3
10.1
9.5
Billings
For
eign Native
For
eign
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
(93.8) (91. 6) (93.9) (91.0) (94.4) (91.9)
(89.1) (86. 4) (89. 3) (85.1) (86. 3) (82.0)
82.7 74.8 82.3
72.3 77.5 69.7
5.7
10.0
5.2
11.0
7.3
9.0
.7
.6
1.5
1.8
2.8
3.3
4.7
4.6
5.2
5.9
8.1
9.9
6.2
8.4
6.1
9.0
5.6
8.1
i Insufficient number of foreign families in sample upon which to base percentages.
compared with the native, the foreign having, as a rule, the greater
number of adults who are potential earners.3
With the analysis limited to the native white group, the influence
of the presence or absence of a married couple on the pattern of income
sources may be observed. (See table 26.) The incomplete families
derived proportionately less of their income from the earnings of the
chief breadwinner and proportionately more from all other sources
than did the families containing a husband and wife.4 Among
native white families headed by a married couple, the principal earner
contributed 80 to 86 percent of total family income, whereas among
the families lacking either a husband or wife the proportion of total
family income received from principal earners varied from 55 to 71
percent. This difference is primarily attributable to the loss or
absence of male principal earners in the incomplete group, a fact
reflected by the preponderance of widows over widowers among
incomplete families, the relatively low earnings of female earners and
the comparatively high proportion of these families which had no
earners.5
®See the discussion in ch. IV, pp. 38-42.
4The term “chief breadwinner” is synonymous with the designation “principal earner” and has been
defined as the family member having the largest amount of earnings for the year.
1See Tabular Summary, sec. C, table 5, and text tables 28 and 39 of this chapter.
51
In line with the proportionately smaller contribution made by the
chief breadwinner of incomplete families is their greater dependence
upon joint family enterprises. Whereas, in all seven communities,
the income from roomers and boarders and other work in the home
comprised 1 percent or less of the aggregate income for families con
taining both husband and wife, this source provided as much as 7
percent of the income of native white incomplete families in Pueblo.
Even more striking is the difference in the relative significance of
money income other than earnings to these two groups. In six of the
communities, income in the form of interest, dividends, pensions,
rents, etc., composed between 11 and 21 percent of the aggregate
income of incomplete families but only 3 to 7 percent of all income of
the husband-wife families. In Butte the proportion was 6 percent
for the incomplete families as compared with 4 percent for the com
plete. The greater importance of nonearned income to the incom
plete families reflects the large proportion of retired persons in this
group, widows and widowers whose earning capacity has diminished
and who are dependent upon annuities, income from investments,
gifts and the like.
Number oj earners.—In a study of family income, the number of
earners contributing to the family exchequer is of importance as well
as the amount of earnings.
In each of the West Central-Rocky Mountain communities, the
bulk of the families had only one earner. Among the native white
group the proportion of single-earner families varied between 68 per
cent in Springfield and 82 percent in Butte. (See table 27.) The
foreign-born group had a somewhat larger proportion of multiearner
families, but the proportion with only one earner ranged from 57 per
cent in Dubuque to 68 percent in Butte. Families without any earner,
as well as multiple-earner families, were more frequent proportionately
in the foreign-born than in the native-born group. Between 6 percent
in Butte and 13 percent in Dubuque of the native white families had no
earners; the corresponding range in proportion of families without
earners among the foreign-born white was between 9 percent and 23
percent with the same two cities at the extremes. Butte contained
also the lowest proportion of native families with two or more earners
(12 percent). In each community the proportion of foreign-born fam
ilies having at least two earners was higher than the corresponding
proportion for the native. Of the foreign-born group, families with
more than one earner comprised from 19 percent in Pueblo to 27 per
cent in Omaha-Council Bluffs. The age and composition of the
foreign-born families, which has been referred to above, undoubtedly
influenced the number of earners in the two nativity groups.
SOURCES OF FAMILY INCOME
52
WEST CENTRAL-KOOKY MOUNTAIN REGION
T a b l e 2 6 . — Sources of aggregate incom e, fo r native white com plete and incom plete
fa m ilie s , percentage distribu tion
[Relief and nonrelief]
Omaha-Council
Bluffs
Denver
Sources of income
Com
plete
All sources__________ ____ ______________
Money income____________ _________
Earnings_______________________
Principal earner. ___________
Supplementary earner _ _ . _ _
Roomers and boarders and
work in home . _ _
Money income other than earn
ings__________________________
Nonmoney income from housing._ _.
100.0
(94. 4)
(87. 8)
80.2
6.9
.7
6.6
5.6
Incom
plete
100.0
(91.6)
(75.0)
61.0
11.4
2.6
16.6
8.4
Springfield,
Mo.
Sources of income
Com
plete
100.0
(93. 7)
(90.1)
81.8
7.2
1.1
3.6
6.3
Butte
Incom
plete
100.0
(91. 9)
(79. 2)
62.5
13.5
3.2
12.7
8.1
Dubuque
Com
plete
Incom
plete
100.0
(93.8)
(89.6)
81.0
7.8
.8
4.2
6.2
Pueblo
100.0
(88.8)
(71.3)
60.2
8.3
2.8
17.5
11.2
Billings
Com Incom Com Incom Com Incom Com Incom
plete plete plete plete plete plete plete plete
All sources.............................................- 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
Money income----- -------- ----------- (94. 9) (91.7) (94. 7) (90. 9) (94. 5) (90.9) (94. 8) (92.3)
Earnings__________________ (90. 0) (72. 8) (90. 5) (84.6) (91.1) (79. 9) (88. 7) (71.4)
71.2 85.5 66.3 81.2
Principal earner. ______ 81.7
59.1
86.4
54.8
Supplementary earner.__ 7.8
9.7
12.2
3.6
4.9
6.6
6.6
11.8
Roomers and boarders
1.2
4.0
and work in home____
.5
.5
.7
7.0
.9
4.8
Money income other than
4.2
3.4
4.9
18.9
6.3
earnings_______ _________
11.0
6.1
20.9
5.1
8.3
5.3
9.1
5.5
9.1
5.2
Nonmoney income from housing.
7.7
T a b l e 2 7 . — N um ber of earners in native- and foreign-born w hite fa m ilies, percentage
distribu tion
[Relief and nonrelief families]
Denver
Number of earners
SpringOmahaCouncil Dubuque field,
Bluffs
Mo.
Butte
Pueblo
Billings
Na For Na For Na For Na For- Na For Na For Na For
tive eign tive eign tive eign tive eign1 tive eign tive eign tive eign
All families-.-.....................
No earner.......................
learner. .......................
2 or more earners_____
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
10.1 12.7 7.0 11.1 12.8 22.9 9.3
68.8 60.9 72.3 62.3 70.0 57.3 68.4
21.1 26.4 20.7 26.6 17.2 19.8 22.3
0) 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
0) 6.1 8.8 11.2 14.2 7.8 12.2
0) 82.0 68.2 75.6 66.8 69.9 63.0
0) 11.9 23.0 13.2 19.0 22.3 24.8
1 Insufficient number of cases upon which to compute percentages.
Among native white families, we find that less than 6 percent of the
families which included both husband and wife were without earners.
(See table 28.) Of the incomplete families, on the other hand, not
less than 14 percent (Butte) and as many as 32 percent (Pueblo)
lacked earners. Correspondingly lower proportions of the incomplete
families than of the husband-wife families had one earner but there
do not appear to be consistent or significant differences between the
53
SOURCES OF FAMILY INCOME
complete and incomplete groups with regard to the proportions of
multiple-earner families.
T able 28.
— N um ber of earners in com plete and incom plete fa m ilie sf percentage
d istribu tion
[Native white families, relief and nonrelief]
Denver
Number of earners
OmahaCouncil
Bluffs
Springfield,
Mo.
Dubuque
Butte
Pueblo
Billings
In Com In Com In Com In Com In Com In Com In
Com com
com plete com plete com plete com plete com plete com
plete plete
plete plete
plete
plete
plete
plete
plete
All fa m ilies-..____ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
No earner_____ 4.7 23.7 2.9 22.0 5.8 30.3 4.3 25.2 2.1 14.4 4.4 32.3 3.1 23.2
1 earner_______ 73.7 56.5 76.6 56.4 76.3 54.3 73.1 53.3 88.1 69.5 81.9 56.1 74.2 55.4
2 or more earn
ers__________ 21.6 19.8 20.5 21.6 17.9 15.4 22.6 21.5 9.8 16.1 13.7 11.6 22.7 21.4
Supplementary earnings as related to average family income among
native- and foreign-born families.
—In all but one city (Butte) the
contribution of supplementary earners was more important among
the foreign-born group than among the native group. For the native
white families in six communities, the median income of nonrelief
families having more than one earner ranged from almost $300
(Springfield) to $550 (Dubuque) higher than that of families with only
one earner. For the foreign-born group in the same communities,
the addition of supplementary earners raised the median incomes by
more than $550. In the seventh community, Butte, occurred the
greatest difference between median incomes of sole-earner and mul
tiple-earner families in both nativity groups; this difference amounted
to almost $1,000 for the native and to nearly $800 for the foreign
families. Only in Dubuque, however, were the greater contributions
of the supplementary earners of foreign-born families sufficient to
T able 29.
— M edian incom e of sole-earner and m ultiple-earner fa m ilies am ong nativeand foreign-born w hite fa m ilies
[Nonrelief families]
City
Native •
Foreign
Number of earners
Number of earners
1
Denver_______________________ ___________________
Omaha-Council Bluffs_______ _____ ____ _____________
Dubuque----------------------------------------------------------------Springfield, M o______________________________ ______
Butte______________ ______ ________
-----------------Pueblo____________________ ___________________
Billings__________________________ __ --------------------1 Insufficient number of cases upon which to base median.
$1,532
1, 563
1,182
1,188
1,692
1,431
1, 755
2 or more
$2,015
2,092
1,730
1,470
2,651
1,886
2,137
1
$1, 235
1,391
1,250
0)1,518
1,068
1,446
2 or more
$1,955
2,038
1,813
0)
2, 305
1,625
2,042
54
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
raise the median income of foreign multiple-earner families to the
levels attained by the multiple-earner families in the native white
group.
Effect oj supplementary earners on incomes of complete and incom
plete families.—A similar comparison to determine the influence of
supplementary earners may be made for the complete and the in
complete families of the native white group As may be seen from
table 30, the effect of the contributions of secondary earners upon
the income of families was more marked among incomplete families
than among those containing husband and wife. The smallest
amount of increase in both groups was shown in Springfield where
the inclusion of a supplementary earner increased the median income
of complete families by only $240 and of incomplete families by $371.
The greatest difference occurred in Butte where the multiple-earner
families had median incomes which exceeded those of the one-earner
families by $800 in the complete group and by more than $1,300 in
the incomplete group. In the other communities the median in
comes of complete families with multiple earners were between $300
and $600 higher than of one-earner complete families, while this
difference for the incomplete families ranged between $600 and
$1,000. The relatively large contributions made by supplementary
earners in incomplete families served to bring the median incomes of
such families in Denver, Butte, and Pueblo higher than those of
multiple-earner families headed by a husband and wife.
T able
30.— M edian incom e of sole-earner and m ultiple-earner fa m ilies am ong
com plete and incom plete fa m ilies
[Nonrelief native white families]
Complete
City
Denver ____ __________________________________
Omaha-Council Bluffs_______________________ _______
Dubuque __________________________ ____
______
Springfield, M o_____________________________________
Butte
_ __________ _____________________ __
Pueblo
________________________________ ________
Billings_____________________________________________
1 earner
$1,661
1,667
1, 221
1, 279
1, 778
1, 488
1,909
Incomplete
2 or more
earners
$1,997
2,130
1,806
1, 519
2, 578
1,872
2, 236
1 earner
$1,075
1,130
955
825
1, 422
1,075
949
2 or more
earners
$2,083
1,979
1,563
1,196
2, 750
1,917
1,875
From an examination of tables 31 and 32 it may be seen that the
relationship between the proportion of families receiving relief and
number of earners is much less clear-cut than between income and
number of earners. It is probable that families which receive very
low incomes and which are forced to obtain relief must utilize all of
the potential earning capacity of the family. Consequently through
the performance of odd jobs or part-time work by various family
members, these families become classified as multiple-earner families.
55
SOURCES OF FAMILY INCOME
It must be remembered in this connection that any family member
who received any earned income during the year, regardless of the
length of time he worked or the amount of his earnings, was considered
a supplementary earner.
T able 31. — Percentage of sole-earner and m ultiple-earner fa m ilies receiving relief
during the year, shown fo r native and foreign fa m ilies
Native, number of
earners
City
1
Denver_________
_________ _______________
Omaha-Council Bluffs_____ ________________ ______
D ub u q ue..._____________ __________________________
Springfield, M o ..___________________________________
B u tte..____________ ________________________________
Pueblo._______ ______________________________________
Billings.________ ____________________________________
Foreign, number of
earners
2 or more
15. 5
15.4
20.9
14.2
24.1
24.8
9.4
15. 4
14.2
20.3
18.1
24.9
20.6
11.3
1
2 or more
13.6
16. 3
14.7
(»)
29.0
22.0
16.8
6.8
11.6
11.5
0)
15.4
20.0
17.0
1 Insufficient number of cases upon which to base percentages.
T a b l e 33. — Percentage of sole-earner and m ultiple-earner fa m ilies receiving relief
during the year, shown fo r complete and incom plete fa m ilies
C om plete, num ber of Incom plete, num ber of
earners
earners
C ity
1
2 or more
13.5
14.1
19. c
13.
17.9
22.7
8.6
D en ver________________________ . . . ____ ______________
O m aha-C ouncil B lu ffs_____________ ____________ ______
D u b u q u e .. . ________________ . . . . _________________
Springfield, M o _________________ _______ ________________
B u tte ___________________________________________________
P ueblo____ ______________________________________________
B illin g s_______________ _________________________________
12.4
13.5
18.9
14.2
19.4
20.1
9.7
1
2 or more
22.0
22.0
25.5
17.0
41.5
34.5
13.2
23.7
16.7
24.1
31.1
31.6
22.2
17.1
Number of earners by income and occupation.—The relationship
between the number of earners and the median income of the family
varied with the different occupational groups. The supporting data
for the analysis of multiple earnings by occupation are confined to
native white nonrelief families containing both husband and wife and
are presented in table 33.
T a b l e 33. — M edian incom e of sole-earner and m ultiple-earner fa m ilies, by
occupational group
[Nonrelief native white complete families]
City
and pro
Wage earner, num Clerical, number of Business
fessional, number
ber of earners
earners
of earners
1
Denver____________ ___________ ________
Omaha-Council Bluffs..................... ...............
Dubuque..........................................................
Springfield, M o__________ ______________
Butte____ _____________ ______ ___
Pueblo.______________ _________________
Billings________________________________
78127
°—
40
-
$1, 258
1,334
1,078
1,097
1,507
1,333
1,481
2 or more
$1,648
1.787
1,592
1, 349
2,390
1,742
1.788
1
$1,741
1,794
1,479
1,519
1, 837
1, 650
1,956
2 or more
$2,107
2,268
1,943
1,708
2, 545
1,994
2,397
1
$2, 226
2,359
1,796
1,677
2,512
1,833
2, 603
2 or more
$2, 557
2,787
2,429
1,890
3,344
2,183
2,786
56
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
In terms of proportional increase in all of the communities except
Billings, the presence of supplementary earners had a more marked
influence upon the income of wage-earner families—whose chief bread
winners have relatively low earnings—than upon families in the other
occupational groups. The median incomes of wage earners in Butte
and Dubuque were raised most by additional earners. In five of the
seven communities, the median incomes of clerical families were raised
to a greater extent by the presence of multiple earners than were those
of business and professional families. The spread in median incomes
between the sole-earner and multiple-earner families in the wageearner group was between $250 and $500, except in Butte where it
was close to $900.
The dependence of wage earners upon supplementary earners to
bring the family income into the higher income brackets is shown by
the figures in table 34. Whereas not more than 4 percent (and in
five of the communities the proportion was less than 2 percent) of
the wage-earner families with only one earner attained incomes as
high as $3,000, from 5 to 19 percent of the multiple-earner families
in this occupational group received incomes of at least $3,000. This
is in marked contrast to the situation which obtains for business and
professional families. In this group, from 17 to 38 percent of the oneearner families found their way into the income class of $3,000 and
over—proportions not so drastically different from the 22 to 58 per
cent of the multiple-earner families with this much income.
T able
34.
—Percentage of sole-earner and multiple-earner families, with specified
incomes by occupational group
[Nonrelief native white complete families]
OmahaDenver, Council Dubuque, SpringPueblo, Billings,
Mo., Butte, of number
number of Bluffs, number of field,
of number of
number of number
number
of
earners
earners
earners
earners earners
Occupational group and
earners
earners
income
2 or 1 2 or 1 2 or 1 2 or 1 2 or 1 2 or 1 2 or
1 more
more
more
more
more
more
more
Wage earner:
Below $i ,ono
29.6 16.7 24.1 10.3 44.8 17.5
$3,000 and over__ ____ 1.6 7.3 1.6 11.4 0.4 5.4
Clerical:
Below $1,000 mrr _ 10.9 6.0 8.8 3.9 17.8 5.8
$3,000 and over_______ 8. 5 20.1 9.2 22.3 3.0 13.9
Business and professional:
Below $1,000
9.2 6.1 7.8 3.7 16.5 6.5
$3,000 and over_______ 32.1 37.0 33.6 43.3 18.6 31.0
45.0
1.6
24.8
4. 5
23.8
17.1
31.1
4.8
15.0
8.3
13.1
21.6
10.7
2.7
6.1
6. 4
5.8
35.1
1.4
18.9
1.5
27.9
26.9
1.8
12.5
3.0
12.8
58.2 17.4
13 2
6.3
6.4
12.7
9.3
27.8
18.8
3.9
6.7
10.7
3.7
38.4
7.6
11.8
5.7
26.4
3.7
43.1
It is apparent from the above analysis that the presence of supple
mentary earners is of particular importance to the wage-earner
occupational group. The figures presented in table 35, reveal, how
ever, that multiple-earner families are no more frequent, proportion
ately, among the wage earners than among clerical families. Between
Fig. €
MEDIAN INCOME OF WAGE EARNER FAMILIES CONTAINING ONE EARNER AND TWO OR
MORE EARNERS IN SEVEN WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN COMMUNITIES
1935-1936
NONRELIEF NATIVE WHITE COMPLETE FAMILIES
SOURCES OF FAMILY INCOME
DENVER
O M A H A -C O U N C IL
B LUFFS
DUBUQUE
SP R IN G FIELD ,
MO.
B U TTE
P U EB LO
B IL L IN G S
U. S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS
-4
58
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
10 percent (Butte) and 26 percent (Springfield) of the wage-earner
families had supplementary earnings; the range was the same for
clerical families; from 9 to 22 percent of the business and professional
families had such earnings.
T able
35.— Percentage of fa m ilies having more than 1 earner , by occupational group
[N onrelief native w hite com plete families]
City
Denver __ ____ ___
__________________ _____
Omaha _______________ __________________________________
Dubuque__________________________________________________
Springfield, M o_______ _______________ ___________________
Butte.. _____________________________ ________ _______
Pueblo ______________________ ___ ___ _____ _________
Billings__________________________ ________ ______________
Wage earner
23. 7
20.9
18.9
25.7
10.1
14.2
24. 7
Clerical
26.1
24.0
22. 2
21.9
10. 3
17.1
22.5
Business and
1 professional
19.1
17. 7
16. 5
19. 4
9. 0
13. 6
21.8
But when the average number of earners per earner family, rather
than the proportion of multiple-earner families, is compared for the
several occupational groups at various income levels, significant
differences are apparent. (See table 36.) In general, the clerical and
wage-earner groups had a higher average number of earners per
family with earners than did the business and professional groups.
With a few minor exceptions, the average number of earners increased
progressively from the $500 level to the top of the income scale for
each occupational group and in each community. The increase was
greatest for the wage-earner families. Using Denver to illustrate the
trend in each community, we find that wage-earner families at the
$500 to $1,000 level averaged 1.14 earners while an average of 1.90
earners was required to place families in this occupational group at
the income level of $3,000 and over. Clerical families in these two
income classes averaged 1.17 earners at the lower level and 1.61
earners at the top of the scale. Business and professional families
receiving incomes between $500 and $1,000 had an average of 1.16
earners—a figure not very different from the average for wage-earner
and clerical families—but an average of only 1.27 earners was required
to attain the highest income level. In both Omaha-Council Bluffs
and Billings, business and professional families having less than $500
in annual income had more earners per family than did such families
at higher income levels. This is to be expected since the small-scale
entrepreneurs, who represent the bulk of the business group with
incomes of less than $500, frequently make the operation of the store
a family enterprise.
59
SOURCES OF FAMILY INCOME
T able
36.— Average
num ber of earners per fa m ily , by occupational group and
incom e class 1
[Nonrelief native white complete families]
Omaha-Council
Bluffs
Denver
Income class
All families_____________
Under $500_____ ____
$500-$999____________
$1,000-11,499..................
$1,500-$ 1,999..............
$2,000-$2,999_________
$3,000 and over.. ___
All families...........................
Under $500...................
$500- $999...................
$1,000-$1,499.................
$1,500-$1,999_________
$2,000-$2,999_________
$3,000 and over. ____
Dubuque
Springfield, Mo.
B u si
Busi-j
B u si
B u si
i
ness
ness 1
ness
ness
Wage Cler and Wage Cler- and IWage Cler and Wage Cler and
earner ical pro earner ical pro earner ical pro- earner ical pro
fes i
fes
fes- i
fes
sional j
sional
sional
sional
1.28
1.27
1.14
1.19
1.32
1.45
1.90
1.31
1. 12
1.17
1.19
1.29
1.35
1.61
1.23
1.09
1.16
1.15
1.19
1. 27
1.27
1.25
1.14
1.11
1.17
1.25
1.41
2.01
1.29
1.18
1.12
1.16
1.20
1.36
1.65
1.21
1. 21
1.08
1.13
1. 19
1.20
1.28
1.27
1.07
1.10
1.20
1.40
1. 75
j 2.71
1.32
1.00
1.10
1.15
1.34
1.48
2.06
1.21
1.08
1.08
1.15
1.13
1.31
1.34
Pueblo
Butte
Income class
j
j
1.33
1.19
1.23
1.32
1.35
1.60
1.78
1.27
1.10
1.16
1.25
1.28
1.34
1.52
1.23
1.0*
1.15
1.21
1.29
1.25
1.31
Billings
Busi
Busi
Busi
Wage Cleri ness and Wage Cleri ness and Wage Cleri ness
earner cal profes earner cal profes earner cal and pro
sional
sional
fessional
1.12
1.00
1.02
1.04
1.06
1.28
1.69
1.12
1.00
1.03
1. 06
1.04
1.18
1.44
1. 12
1.00
1.00
1.03
1.07
1.09
1.19
1.17
1.11
1.07
1. 12
1.17
1.36
1.64
1.21
1.00
1.11
1. 13
1.16
1. 32
1.60
1.17
1.04
1.13
1.14
1.14
1.17
1. 28
1.31
1.10
1.18
1.21
1.31
1.42
1.79
1. 26
1.67
1. 14
1. 13
1.17
1.27
1.58
1. 29
1. 25
1.21
1. 18
1.21
1. 29
1.36
i Among earner families.
Principal earners.—After the above discussion of the importance
of supplementary earners in raising the family income level, it may be
necessary to reemphasize that it is nevertheless the principal earner
who contributes eight-tenths or more of the aggregate income of
native white complete families.
Of the native white nonrelief families which included both husband
and wife, the principal earner was a male in at least 95 percent of the
families with earners in each of the West Central-Rocky Mountain
communities studied. In Denver and in Springfield, 5 percent of the
principal earners were females; but in the industrial and mining
cities of Butte and Pueblo only 1 and 2 percent, respectively, of the
principal earners were women.
From table 37, which shows the percentage of families with male
principal earners by occupational group, we see that males as prin
cipal earners were proportionately slightly less prevalent in the clerical
families, although in no city did women constitute as much as 10 per
cent of all clerical principal earners and in 5 of the communities they
comprised less than 7 percent. That principal wage earners are not
likely to be women is evidenced by the fact that in all of the com-
60
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
munities, except Springfield, 97 percent or more of the principal
earners in wage-earner families were men.
T able 37.
— Percentage of fa m ilies with m ale p rin cip a l earners , by occupational g ro u p 1
INonrelief native white complete families)
Occupational group
City
Wage
earner
All
Denver____________ _______ _______ _________________
Omaha-Council Bluffs................ ........................... ................
Dubuque -- -- ___________________________________
Springfield, M o_____________________________________
B u tte _________________ ____ _______________________
Pueblo_____________________________________________
Billings_____________________________________________
9 5 .3
9 6 .4
9 6 .2
9 5 .0
9 8 .9
9 7 .7
9 6 .9
9 7 .2
9 8 .0
9 7 .8
9 5 .5
9 9 .5
9 9 .1
9 8 .5
Clerical
Business
and pro
fessional
9 1 .5
9 3 .8
9 0 .9
9 3 .1
9 7 .4
9 5 .1
9 5 .6
9 6 .1
97 .1
9 6 .7
95 . 5
9 8 .9
9 6 .6
9 6 .1
i Based on families with earners.
The predominant type of activity of female principal earners was
clerical in five of the communities.6 (See table 38.) In Springfield,
on the other hand, almost one-half of the female principal earners
were engaged in wage-earner pursuits, and in Billings 44 percent
were in business and professional activity, as compared with 40 per
cent in clerical occupations.
T able 38.
— Percentage d istribu tion of m ale and fem ale p rin c ip a l earners ,
by occupational group
[Nonrelief native white complete families]
Denver
Occupational group
OmahaCouncil Dubuque
Bluffs
w
Mo.
Butte
Pueblo
Billings
Fe Male Fe Male Fe Male Fe Male Fe Male Fe Male Fe
Male male
male
male
male
male
male
male
All fam ilies-..........................
Wage earner...........................
Clerical....................................
Business and professional..
Other.—_________________
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
38.9 22.8 43.0 23.7 58.1 32.4 53.5 47.8 50.6 21.9 56.0 20.4 35.7 16.3
25.8 48.5 31.0 55.6 19.7 49.1 21.1 29.6 23.1 53.1 20.0 43.7 27.8 39.5
35.0 28.7 25.7 20.7 22.0 18.5 25.0 22.6 26.2 25.0 23.9 35.9 35.7 44.2
.1
.3
.3
.2
.4
.1
.8
In each community, however, proportionately fewer male than
female principal earners engaged in clerical activities. Only from
20 to 31 percent of the male principal earners were classified as
clerical, while between 36 to 58 percent of them were wage earners.
Only in Billings did business and professional activities claim as
large a proportion of male principal earners as did wage-earner
pursuits; here the proportion in each of these two occupational
classifications was 36 percent.
• Since in most cases, the occupation of the principal earner coincides with that assigned to the family,
the discussion assumes this identity.
61
SOURCES OF FAMILY INCOME
Earnings of principal earner husbands and wives.—When the wives
of native white complete families served as chief breadwinners, their
earnings were considerably lower than those of principal earner
husbands. (See table 39.) For both husbands and wives earnings
were highest among the business and professional group and lowest
among the wage earners, but the proportional difference between the
earnings of husbands and wives was greatest in the wage-earner
group. The earnings of the wage-earner wives who were the chief
breadwinners for their families averaged only between one-third and
one-half as great as the earnings of husbands who were principal
earners in this occupational group.
T able
39 .— Average earnings of husbands and wives as principal earners, by
occupational group
[Nonrelief native white complete families]
All occupations
City
Denver......................................................
Omaha-Council Bluffs..........................
Dubuque............... ..................................
Springfield, M o........................................
Butte..........................................................
Pueblo.............. ........................................
Billings.......................................................
Wage earner
Clerical
Business and
professional
Hus
Hus
Hus
Hus
bands Wives bands Wives bands Wives bands Wives
$1, 765 $1,067 $1,244
966 1,303
1,734
688 1,057
1,316
1,329
624 1,104
924 1,495
1,911
955 1,273
1, 470
1,938 1,122 1,455
$578 $1,680 $1,077 $2,404
587 l. 713 1,110 2,487
535 1,464
821 1,860
476 1, 421
760 1,739
482 1,791 1,194 2.817
552 1, 541
924 1,872
620 1,814 1,036 2,537
$1,439
1,190
974
933
(»)
1,241
1,460
1 Insufficient number of cases for computation of average.
In the clerical occupations, the difference in earnings between the
two sexes was not quite so great, but even in this occupation the
wives who were principal earners received less than two-thirds as much
as the husbands in each of the cities. In six of the communities the
spread between the earnings of husbands and wives acting as chief
breadwinners in clerical occupations was approximately $600 while it
was almost $800 in Billings.
The same general relationship between husbands and wives as prin
cipal earners existed among business and professional families, with
the earnings of the wives averaging between one-half and two thirds
the earnings of the husbands. The difference in average earnings was
over $1,000 in Omaha-Council Bluffs and in Billings.
Family relationship of supplementary earners.—Because of the fre
quency with which the husbands of complete families serve as chief
breadwinners, it is to be expected that husbands would assume a
relatively minor function in supplying supplementary earnings. Only
between 11 and 16 percent of the secondary earners in native white
complete families were husbands. (See table 40.) The position of
the wife in supplementing family income, however, is much more
62
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
important than her role as principal earner. Wives in 6 of the West
Central-Rocky Mountain cities comprised two- to four-tenths of all
supplementary earners. In the seventh community, Dubuque, only
1 out of every 10 secondary earners was a wife while other female
members comprised almost 4 in 10 of all supplementary earners.
Female members other than wives were relatively less important as a
source of family income in the remaining 6 communities where they
constituted only between 19 and 26 percent of the secondary earner
group. The remaining three- to four-tenths of supplementary earners
were males other than the husbands of the family.
T able
40 .— Supplementary earners classified by sex and status in family , percentage
distribution
[Nonrelief native w hite com plete families]
Earner classification
AIL..................................................
Husbands..........................._
Other male..............................
W ives.. . _______________
Other female_____________
Denver
100.0
16.0
27.3
37.9
18.8
OmahaSpring- Butte
Council Dubuque field,
Mo.
Bluffs
100.0
12.9
31.7
31.4
24.0
100.0
13.8
40.8
9.5
35.9
100.0
16.1
32.8
28.5
22.6
100.0
11.4
40.7
21.9
26.0
Pueblo
100.0
12.2
32.9
29.6
25.3
Billings
100.0
11.7
32.3
31.1
24.9
By combining the data for wives with other females and for hus
bands with other males, we see that female supplementary earners
were slightly more numerous in five of the communities than were
males. Except in Dubuque and Butte, between 51 and 57 percent of
all supplementary earners were women.
Earnings of supplementary earners.—The amount of supplementary
earnings showed considerable intercity variation. The average for
supplementary earner husbands in Butte, for example, was $876—a
figure more than double the $412 average in Springfield. Supple
mentary earnings of wives varied between $431 and $609, with the
same cities at the extremes. It is apparent from a comparison of
these ranges with the figures in table 39 that there was considerably
more difference in the amounts earned by husbands acting as supple
mentary earners and as principal earners than there was between
the earnings of wives in these two classifications.
T able
41 .— Average earnings of supplementary earners by sex and status in family 1
Earner classification
A ll.....................................................
H usbands..............................
Other male 8................ ...........
Wives............... .......................
Other female 8.........................
[Nonrelief native white complete families]
Denver
$552
648
490
566
533
OmahaSpring- Butte
Council Dubuque field,
Mo.
Bluffs
$583
626
544
582
618
1 Average earnings per earner.
* Earnings of children under 16 years of age not included.
$407
478
484
465
448
$419
412
403
431
432
$664
876
662
609
662
Pueblo
$479
592
450
505
436
Billings
$529
658
533
468
675
63
SOURCES OF FAMILY INCOME
Age of earners.—The lower earnings of supplementary earners as
compared with those of the chief breadwinners are due in part to
the difference in age of these two groups. (See table 42.) The
median age of principal earner husbands ranged between 41 and 43
years in these West Central-Rocky Mountain communities while
husbands acting as secondary earners were between 49 and 56 years
of age on the average—a difference of from 8 to 13 years. Two
possible explanations present themselves: Husbands may become
supplementary earners because they have passed their earnings peak;
or, it may be that by the time the heads of families have reached
their fiftieth birthday, they have adult children who step into the
role of chief breadwinner, earning more than the father’s maximum
earnings.
T able
42 .—Age of husbands who were principal and supplementary earners, percent
age distribution by age group and median age
[Native white complete families, relief and nonrelief]
All husbands___________ _
Under 35 years.............
35-49 years___________
50 years and over_____
Median age...........................
T able
Pueblo
Billings
1
j
|
j
Butte
P'S
Ph
Supple
mentary
P rin cipal
Supplementary
Age group
SpringOmahaCouncil Dubuque field.
Bluffs
Mo.
P r in c i
pal
Supple
mentary
P r in c i
pal
Supple
mentary
P rin ci- I
pal j
| Supple| mentary
P r in c i
pal
Supple
mentary
P r in c i
pal
Supple
mentary
Denver
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0
28.9 17.1 28.5 14.1 26.6 .2 29.0 14.4 30.6 10.5 30.3 12.2 30.1 16.3
43.9 35.6 46.8 30.1 45 3 19.9 41.2 29.8 43.9 29.8 41.8 29.5 44.5 27.3
27.2 47.3 24.7 55.8 28.1 71.9 29.8 55.8 25.5 59.7 27.9 58.3 25.4 56.4
42 49 41 51 43 56 42 52 41 54 41 52 42 53
43 .— Age of wives who were principal and supplementary earners, percentage
distribution by age group and median age
[Native white complete families, relief and nonrelief]
All wives__________ _____
Under 35 years.............
35-49 years......................
50 years and over..........
Median age___ _____ ____
Butte
Pueblo
Billings
P r in c i
pal
Supple
mentary
P r in c i
pal
Supple
mentary
P r in c i
pal
Supple
mentary
P rin c i
pal
Supple
mentary
P r in c i
pal
Supple
mentary
P r in c i
pal
Supple
mentary
P r in c i
pal
1 Supple| mentary
Age group
SpringOmaha
Council Dubuque field,
Bluffs
Mo.
j
Denver
100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. f 100.0
33.8 52.2 24.8 51.2 28.0 45.9 34.8 57.8 21.1 43.2 16.9 53.0 38.5 49.
44.1 37.5 48.6 40.2 34.7 35.1 34.7 31.8 60.5 48. ( 52.9 34.3 35.8 38. 4
22.1 10.3 26.6 8.6 37.3 19.0 30.5 10.4 18.4 7.9 30.2 12.7 25.7 11.5
40 34 42 35 44 37 41 33 40 37 44 34 40 35
A different situation exists among wives as principal and supple
mentary earners. Although the median age of chief earner wives
(40 to 44) is not unlike that for husbands, wives who serve as supple
mentary earners are relatively young in contrast to principal earner
64
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
wives. The median age of wives making supplementary contribu
tions ranged between 33 and 37 years. (See table 43.) It appears
that many of the wives who were secondary earners were young
women helping their husbands to provide the family income until
the earnings of the chief breadwinner became more sufficient. It may
also be pertinent in this connection that many job opportunities which
are open to women are available to the younger women only.
Earnings by age.—The figures of table 44 serve to illustrate a
general tendency for the earnings of chief earner husbands to increase
with a rise in age level until a peak is attained; thereafter we find
a decrease in the amount of earnings. The youngest principal con
tributors earned only approximately half as much as did the older
age groups.
The age at which highest earnings were reached varied among the
different communities. In Denver, Omaha-Council Bluffs, and
Springfield, husbands who were principal contributors attained their
maximum earnings at the age level of 45 to 49. In Dubuque and
Pueblo the peak was reached somewhat earlier, between the ages of
40 and 44, while in Butte and Billings the highest earnings derived
from husbands aged 55 to 59 and 60 to 64 respectively. Differences
in the age level at which earnings reach a maximum are due, for the
most part, to differences in occupational composition of the popula
tion. The correlation of age and earnings may differ widely among
different occupational groups because of the varying degrees of skill
and training as well as physical fitness required by the several types
of occupation. Wage earners, for example, attain their peak earning
capacity at an earlier age than do the professional groups whose
training period is long. Thus in Dubuque and Pueblo, where the
proportion of wage earners among the native white complete families
is highest, one would expect to find the principal earners reaching
their largest earnings at a relatively early age. Conversely, in
Billings where the proportion of wage earners is low and the propor
tion of business and professional families comparatively high, the
later age at which peak earnings were attained is to be expected.
The small proportion of wives serving as principal earners precludes
any specific conclusion with regard to the relationship of earnings
and age. It may be said, however, that in five of the cities wives
attained their maximum earning capacity at an earlier age level
than did the husbands. Even in such cases, the highest earnings of
the wives did not surpass those of the husbands who were at the
same age level but who had not yet reached their peak earnings.
65
SOURCES OF FAMILY INCOME
T able
44 .—Average earnings of husbands and wives who were principal earners, by
age group
[Native white complete families relief and nonrelief]
Denver
Age group
-dV)d
03
£2K
>
d
M
l
5
OmahaCouncil
Bluffs
to
a
£>toC3 1
d
M is
All ages__............ $1,615 $921 $1. 573
Under 2 0 .... 532
658
20-24.............. 915 (0670 930
25-29.............. 1,267 880 1,203
30-34.............. 1,439 1,082 1, 453
35-39............. 1,670 936 1,621
40-44.............. 1,770 890 1,681
45-49............ 1,895 971 1,816
50-54.............. 1,782 843 1,807
55-59............. 1,713 764 1,645
60-64-.......... 1,646 . 1,150 1,550
65 and over.. 1,470 660 1,352
SpringDubuque field,
Mo.
tO
a
£2Vi03
d
M
$837 $1,160
0)595 0)770
892 968
857 1,091
951 1,283
858 1, 294
796 1,190
810 1,155
737 1,204
834 1,118
620 1,007
1
is
T)Via
£2V}03
d
W
$587 $1,211
624
0)
(>) 757
874 974
677 1,159
454 1, 275
694 1,369
525 1,372
446 1,322
550 1,252
421 1,194
376 969
>
£
Butte
T3a
<3S
JO
Vid
H
$528 $1,690
0) 0)
593 1,083
587 1,321
508 1,613
548 1,687
602 1, 771
642 1,923
436 1,828
474 1,978
409 1,627
328 1,922
1
Pueblo
Billings
'da
£5too3
d
W
'da
£503
dVi
m
3>
%
$601 $1,283 $736 $1,817
0) 0) 0) (0
863 536 1,013
0)
760 1,052 761 1.495
0) 1,236 773 1,676
685 1.324 1,042 1,826
584 1,451 614 1,990
304 1,409 624 1,993
2,050
0) 1.325 839
0) 1,367 911 1,940
0) 1,327 540 2,111
0) 1,161 267 1.496
3►
s
$912
0)
840
1,056
886
562
(0
758
988
0)
0)
0)
1 Insufficient number of cases in sample for computation of averages.
Income from roomers and boarders and from casual work in the home.—
Income from family enterprises, as contrasted with the earnings of
individual members of the family, provided only 1 or 2 percent of the
aggregate income of the native white group. Such “nonindividual”
earnings were derived from the keeping of roomers and boarders or
from work done intermittently in the home, such as sewing, baking,
and laundering.
Income from roomers and boarders and from other work in the
borne formed a small proportion of aggregate income because few
families received income from such sources and because families
which did keep roomers and boarders or which reported casual work
in the home realized little net income therefrom. Of the native white
families containing both husband and wife less than 10 percent in
each city, and as small a proportion as 3 percent in Butte, derived
income from roomers and boarders. (See table 45.) Among the
incomplete group, the proportion having roomers and boarders was
somewhat higher in each city. In Springfield, Pueblo,-and Billings,
more than 15 percent of the families lacking either a husband or wife
reported income from roomers and boarders; in Denver, Omaha, and
Dubuque, this proportion amounted to between 11 and 13 percent;
but in Butte, only 4 percent of the incomplete families kept roomers
and boarders.
66
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
T able
45 .— Percentage of complete and incomplete families deriving income from
roomers and boarders and casual work in home
[Native white families, relief and nonrelief'
Incomplete
Complete
Incomplete
Pueblo
Billings
03
Complete
Butte
Complete
Incomplete
Complete
Incomplete
Complete
Incomplete
SpringOmaha Dubuque field,
Mo.
Complete
Incomplete
Source of income
Complete
Denver
a
P.
c
o
fl
Roomers and boarders........ 6.9 11.2 9.7 12.8 5.3 11.2 5.7 15.2 3.3 4.2 7.0 15.5 7.9 15.9
Casual work in home_____ 1.2 2.4 .5 .8 . 6 .5 .8 3.3 .4 2.5 .6 1.9 1.4 4.3
The native white complete families which had income from roomers
and boarders received the following average income from this source
after the estimated cost of food had been deducted:7
Denver
$180
OmahaCouncil Dubuque
Bluffs
$193
$187
sBMo.f-
Butte
Pueblo
Billings
$113
$259
$141
$214
Only a very few families reported income from casual work done
in the home. Less than 2 percent of the complete families and only
between 1 and 4 percent of the incomplete families engaged in such
activity.
Even for those native white complete families which reported hav
ing income from intermittent work in the home, the average amount
of such income for the year was only between $33 and $134. The
average income from this source in each community was as follows:
OmahaDenver Council Dubuque
Bluffs
$90
$33
$106
s&
Mo.
Butte
Pueblo
Billings
$36
$133
$61
$134
Othtr sources of money income— As was pointed out earlier in this
chapter, nonearned money income was relatively a more important
source of the aggregate income of the incomplete native white fam
ilies than of the families containing a married couple. Whereas not
more than 7 percent of the income of complete families in these West
Central-Rocky Mountain communities represented nonearned money
income, between 6 and 21 percent of the total income of the incom
plete families in these seven cities was derived from this source.8
Between 14 and 27 percent of the native white complete families
reported money income other than earnings. In each community the
7 See glossary for method of estimating cost of boarders* food.
* See table 26 of this chapter.
67
SOURCES OF FAMILY INCOME
proportion of incomplete families having such income was larger than
the corresponding proportion for complete families; there was, how
ever, considerable intercity variation. Only in Butte did less than
one out of four (22 percent) incomplete families have nonearned money
income while almost two out of four (46 percent) incomplete families
in Billings reported income from this source (see table 46).
T able
46 ,—Percentage of complete and incomplete families reporting money income
from sources other than earnings
[Native white families, relief and nonrelief]
City
Denver............... ................................................................................................................
Omaha-Council Bluffs . _____________ ________ ________________________
Dubuque___ _____ ______________________ _______ _______ _________ ______
Springfield, M o............................. ................................................................ ..................
Butte _________________________________________________________________
Pueblo__________________________________________________________________
Billings................................................................. -........................................... ..................
Complete
families
20.9
16.0
17.1
18.0
18.6
14.2
26.8
Incomplete
families
31.4
29.6
37.2
36.2
22.0
26.5
45.7
The items of nonearned money income which were most important
in the current study were pensions and annuities, dividends and in
terest from securities, rents from investment property, gifts and that
portion of bonuses and inheritances which was spent during the year.
It must again be emphasized that the nonearned money income re
ported here does not represent the total nonearned money income of
the community.9
That there were significant differences in the relative frequency of
nonearned money income among the various occupational groups is
illustrated for the native white complete families by the figures in
table 47. As might be expected, this source of income was by far
the most significant among the retired and nonemployed families,
65 to 84 percent of which had money income other than earnings.
In each of the communities a larger proportion of business and pro
fessional families reported nonearned money income than did clerical
families, and relatively more clerical families than wage earners had
such income. The percentage of families receiving money income
other than earnings ranged from 21 to 32 percent among business
and professional families, from 14 to 27 percent for clerical families,
and from 12 to 20 percent among wage earners.
• The important omissions must be kept in mind. To begin with capital gains are not included in our
presentation of nonearned family income. Entrepreneurial profits are treated as earned income for the
family, and were incorporated in the schedule only insofar as they are represented by drawing accounts
actually accruing to the family. What is left in the business was not regarded as part of available family
purchasing power. Similarly, large amounts of realized gains which found their way into investments,
trust holdings, or special estate funds and were not made available for current family use, were not re
ported as part of the family income. The primary purpose of the Study of Consumer Purchases was to
study the manner in which families spent family incomes; hence what did not run through the mill of
family disbursements (whether for consumers’ goods or for items like life insurance, purchase of or
additions to homes, and family savings) is not included in the present discussion.
68
T able 47.
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
—Percentage of families in various occupational groups reporting money
income from sources other than earnings
[Nonrelief native white complete families]
All occu
pations
City
Denver..
____________________
Omaha-Council Bluffs_____ _____ _________
Dubuque_______ _______ __________________
Springfield, M o___________________________
B u t t e .......................................................................
Pueblo........................................................................
Billings___________________________________
22.5
16.9
17.3
18.7
20.1
16.1
27.8
Wage
earner
Business
and pro
fessional
Clerical
16.1
13.1
12.7
12.8
16.1
12.1
19.8
24.9
21.0
22.0
24.3
26.7
20.8
32.1
19.7
14.7
14.3
15.8
16.2
13.5
28.9
Other
84.2
74.1
65.4
81.8
81.5
78.4
74.4
For those native white complete families which had nonearned
money income, the average amount of such income was fairly substan
tial, ranging from $326 in Dubuque to $587 in Denver. These figures
are summarized below:
Denver
OmahaCouncil
Bluffs
Dubu
que
Springfield,
Mo.
Butte
Pueblo
Billings
$587
$411
$326
$371
$427
$332
$480
Interest and dividends, pensions and annuities, and rents from prop
erty were the three major items of nonearned income. Table 48
presents the proportion of native white complete families which had
income from these three sources with the average amounts received.
T able 48.
—Percentage of families receiving nonearned money income from specified
sources, and average amounts received by such families
[Native white complete families, relief and nonrelief]
N et rent from property Dividends and interest Pensions and annuities
City
Denver........ .................................
Omaha-Council Bluffs..............
Dubuque....... ...............................
Springfield, M o...........................
B utte.............................................
Pueblo............................................
Billings..........................................
Average
Average
Average
P ercen tal amount Percentage amount Percentage amount
of families per family of families per family of families per family
having
having
having
7.0
4.7
6.5
6.7
4.2
4.0
11.4
$390
307
235
289
251
200
570
6.0
3.9
3.7
2.4
7.2
4.3
8.8
$832
420
296
246
538
163
276
5.1
3.1
2.2
3.0
4.3
3.7
4.3
$720
599
581
547
464
508
473
For each of these items, there was considerable variation both in
the relative number of families affected and in the amount of income.
Of the native families containing husband and wife, from 4 percent in
Butte and Pueblo to 11 percent in Billings received net rents from
investment in property other than the home; the average amount
which they received ranged from $200 in Pueblo to $570 in Billings.
SOURCES OF FAMILY INCOME
69
Dividends and interest from stocks, bonds, bank accounts, trust
funds, etc., formed a part of the income of between 2 percent and 9
percent of the native white complete families in these communities
For the families having such income, the amount of interest and divi
dends averaged only $163 in Pueblo but as much as $832 in Denver.
Pensions and annuities proved a source of income for a smaller
proportion of families (only 2 to 5 percent of the native white com
plete group), but the average amounts received in this form were
relatively high. In each of the seven West Central-Rocky Mountain
communities, families having income from pensions and annuities
realized at least $450 from this source during the year while Denver
families had as much as $720.
Chapter V I
Home Ownership and Rent in Relation to Income
By relating the rent data secured in the present study to family
income, a useful tool for deriving income estimates on the basis of
rent data is provided. Since the ascertainment of family income is
relatively expensive and difficult and since rent data, on the other
hand, are readily obtainable and often a matter of public knowledge
such a short-cut device for estimating income is in demand. The
extent to which the ratio changes at different income levels, and
among different socio-economic groupings of the population will be
brought out in the present chapter.1
The housing data secured from the random sample of families were
limited to a few general questions, bearing on home tenure, monthly
rent, and type of dwelling. The details of housing expenditure, and
items included in the rental payment, were obtained only from the
controlled sample of families which furnished data on all expenditures.
Thus the analysis of rent in the present bulletin will not emphasize
housing as an item of consumption, which is discussed in the succeeding
volume on expenditures, but will treat home tenure only as it is
related to income and rent as it may be used in estimating income.
Factors in home ownership.—As in the case of the other major
sources of family income we shall wish to know both of home owner
ship and of rent as pay, how common each was as a source of income.
Although in some instances the cost of ownership equaled or even
exceeded rental value, by and large the frequency of home ownership
may be taken to represent the proportion of families which received
income from this source.
In discussing the relationship between home ownership and other
factors, certain measures of family status such as income and family
type, change substantially from time to time, while others, like
nativity, do not. Homes once purchased are usually kept over a
period of years. Thus the income, family type, or even occupation,
which characterized the family when it originally purchased the home,
may have been quite different by the time of the 1935-36 survey.
Ordinarily, for example, families must have a fair income before they
can purchase their homes. Yet families may cling to their homes when
i No attempt will he made in this volume to elaborate the steps which would be necessary in estimating
income from rent. Such an estimate would necessarily involve the use of data on the dispersion of income
at given rent levels. (See table 13, among homogeneous families. Tabular Summary.)
70
HOME OWNERSHIP AND RENT
71
their income has been reduced to the subsistence level even if this
involves the incurring of liabilities or the reduction of assets. The
presence of young children, also, might be considered as stimulating
the tendency toward home ownership; but the children do not remain
young, so that at any given moment of time the population of home
owners would not necessarily be comprised of an unduly large propor
tion of families with young children. With respect to occupation,
the most probable change would doubtless be from any of the gainful
occupations to the status of retired or unemployed, although shifts
from one gainful occupation to another among home owners are not
improbable. A carpenter (wage earner), for example, might build
himself a house and several years afterwards he might become a con
tractor (independent business). In connection with differences in
home ownership as between cities, factors such as local real estate
booms, suburban developments, the rise or decline of transportation
facilities, the influx of rural or transient persons, the rate of population
growth, and the like, might have influenced the rate of home purchase
at some time in the past, leaving the proportion of home owners dif
ferent from what it would have been if it had depended solely upon
present conditions. The relationship between home ownership and
nativity is the only one which is clearly and definitely independent of
the element of change, since no family is of a different nativity now
from what it was in the past. The relationship between home owner
ship and the factors to be discussed in the present chapter is, therefore,
not the same as the relationship between them and home purchase.
We are not going to attempt to answer such questions as: Why do
people purchase homes? Where is the market for homes? We are
simply going to show at any given time, in this case, 1935-36, in which
city, nativity, occupational group, family type, and income brackets
home ownership was most common.
Frequency of home ownership.—Between 40 and 50 percent of the
families in these West Central-Rocky Mountain cities owned their
homes. There does not appear to be any relationship between size
of city and extent of home ownership. The large city of Denver and
the small city of Billings both rank low in home ownership as com
pared with the other five communities in this region. OmahaCouncil Bluffs and Pueblo, on the other hand, occupy the first and
second rank positions with 50 and 49 percent of their families, re
spectively, owning their dwelling quarters.
In all the cities home ownership is more prevalent among the
foreign than among the native families. This is true despite the fact
that the average income of the foreign families is lower than that of
the native, and that home ownership tends to be more prevalent at
higher than at lower income levels. Whereas between 49 percent (in
78127°— 40 -----------6
72
T
able
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
49#—
Percentage of home owners am ong foreign and native w hite fa m ilie s ,
and am ong com plete and incom plete native white fa m ilies 1
[R e lief a n d n o n relief fam ilies!
C it y
D e n v e r ____________________________________ _____
O m a h a -C o u n c il B lu f fs ________________________
D u b u q u e . _____ ____________________________
S p r in g fie ld , M o _____________ __________ ________
B u t t e _______________________________________ ____
P u e b lo ___________________________________________
B illin g s __________________________________________
A ll fa m ilies
4 1 .2
4 9 .8
4 6 .5
47 .1
4 7 .6
4 8 .9
4 2 .5
N a tiv e w h ite
A ll
3 8 .6
4 4 .1
4 4 .5
4 7 .1
4 2 .3
4 5 .0
4 2 .3
C o m p le te
In c o m p le te
3 8 .4
4 4 .3
4 0 .9
4 7 .3
4 0 .2
4 4 .3
4 2 .5
3 9 .0
43. 2
5 3 .2
4 6 .7
4 6 .6
47 .1
3 7 .1
1 B a s e d u p o n to ta l o f o w n ers p lu s ren ters.
F o reig n b o m w h ite
55.4
7 0 .6
5 9 .5
55 .7
5 5 .8
6 8 .0
4 8 .6
Billings) and 71 percent (in Omaha-Council Bluffs) of the foreign
white families owned the homes which they occupied, only from 39
percent (in Denver) and 47 percent (in Springfield, Mo.) of the native
white group were home owners. This greater incidence of home
ownership among the foreign born as compared with the native is in
accord with the findings in other cities of this survey as well as with
previous studies of home tenure by nativity. Although no-analysis
of the data on home tenure by nativity and income has been made
for cities in the West Central-Rocky Mountain region, data of this
nature in other communities surveyed in the Urban Series of the
Study of Consumer Purchasers have indicated that the foreign born
have a higher percentage of home owners than do the native born
at every income level as well as for all income classes combined.
The explanation may be found partly in the fact that foreign families
consist of relatively older groups who, as was shown in the report on
income of Chicago families,2show a higher percentage of home owners
than do younger families, and partly in the old-world tradition of real
property ownership signifying tangible evidence of economic success.
The prevalence of home owners among the foreign born may also
reflect the fact that the foreign group contains a relatively large
number of independent business families whose homes also serve as
business locations. In order to have stability of residence as well as
freedom to use the property for business enterprise, such families
may find it advisable to purchase their homes.
If incomplete families as a whole are contrasted with complete
families, no significant difference in the percentage of home owners
appears. In Dubuque and Butte incomplete families show a higher
percentage of home owners, while in Billings the percentage of incom
plete families owning their homes is lower than among complete
families. However, it will be recalled that complete families have
substantially higher incomes than incomplete families. When we
compare home ownership of these two groups within the same income
* F a m ily I n c o m e in C h ica g o , B u ll. N o . 642, v o l. I, TJ. 8 . B u r e a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s .
73
HOME OWNERSHIP AND RENT
class, we find considerably more home owners, proportionately,
among the incomplete families in practically every income class.
T
able
50.—
Percentage of home owners am ong com plete and incom plete native white
fa m ilies, by incom e class 1
[R e lief a n d n o n r e lie f fa m ilies]
O m ahaC o u n c il
B lu ffs
D ubuque
S p rin g field ,
M o.
B u t te
P u e b lo
B illin g s
I
D enver
C o m p le te
I n c o m p le te
53
47
47
40
47
44
47
43
37
24
45
33
60
22
51
20
54
31
42
27
58
27
50
39
52
21
45
24
39
U n d e r $ 500............. ..............
$500-$999_...........................
$1,000-$1,499..........................
$ 1 ,5 0 0 -$ 1 .9 9 9 ........................
$ 2 ,0 0 0 -$ 2 ,9 9 9 _ -..................
$3,000 a n d o v e r ...................
34
29
32
35
52
61
29
36
41
44
52
68
42
28
37
45
60
66
56
41
38
42
59
60
60
32
42
45
61
63
54
57
63
75
50
(2)
45
39
47
55
67
70
42
53
52
71
82
(2)
45
36
29
39
53
57
69
54
38
44
73
88
44
33
46
46
65
67
56
39
53
40
85
(2)
21
26
32
32
55
65
23
42
32
50
38
83
In c o m p le te
I n c o m p le te
41
34
46
C o m p le te
C o m p le te
43
25
48
I n c o m p le te
I n c o m p le te
44
29
42
C o m p le te
C o m p le te
39
20
41
C o m p le te
I n c o m p le te
38
R e lie f.................................... ..
N o n r e lie f-............................
A ll fa m ilie s ......................................
In c o m p le te
C o m p le te
I n c o m e class
« B a sed u p o n th e to ta l o w n er s p lu s ren ters.
*I n s u ffic ie n t n u m b e r o f ca ses to w a rra n t c o m p u ta tio n o f a p ercen ta g e.
The reasons for the high representation of home owners among the
incomplete families at any given income level are obvious. Since
incomplete families consist, to a large extent, of widowed persons,
those who owned their homes would be most likely to continue to
maintain a family set-up, while the renters would be more likely to
become boarders or move in with relatives who maintained house
holds. This makes for a selection in favor of home owners among
incomplete families. In the second place, the present income of
incomplete families is probably less indicative of the highest economic
position reached by such families than is the case among complete
families. With the loss of the husband particularly, the family is
usually deprived of a major source of income. Thus the purchase of
the home among incomplete families has generally occurred when
the family was better situated than it is at present. Very likely an
incomplete family would consider home ownership a form of security,
as well as a source of income if part of the dwelling could be sublet.
Home ownership by income classes.—While the percentage of home
owners varied within given income intervals from city to city, and
was surprisingly high for families with incomes under $500 the pro
portion of native white complete families owning their homes tended
to increase with each rise in income level from $500 upward. (See
table 50.) In Denver, for example, about 3 in every 10 families in
the income bracket $500 to $1,000 owned their dwellings; at the
$2,000 to $3,000 class, 5 in 10 were home owners; while at the $5,000
74
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
and over income level, 7 in 10 families owned their homes.3 Similar
increases may be noted in the other cities among the complete families.
Generally speaking, the percentage of home owners at the income level
of $3,000 and over was about double that found among families with
incomes of $500 to $1,000.
With one exception, Billings, in every city the nonrelief native
white complete families with incomes below $500 for the year have
higher proportions of home owners than do families at higher income
levels. Information was not obtained on the length of time families
had owned their homes, but the large proportion of home owners
among these families with low current incomes for the year 1935-36,
suggests that such families were clinging to homes purchased when
the family financial status was more favorable. Another condition
which may have had some bearing on this seeming paradox of a
high proportion of home owners among the lowest income group is
that the homes owned by these low income families may have been,
in general, of inferior quality, the cost of which in many cases may
not have represented as large a proportion of income as that of
homes owned by the middle income groups. In two cities, Dubuque
and Butte, not until the $2,000-$3,000 income level was reached did
the percentage of home owners exceed that found at the lowest
income level.
In using these figures it is important to know that in cities of the
West Central-Rocky Mountain area, the apartment house is a rather
new development. In these cities, apartments tend to represent a
modern type of housing in which the mechanical conveniences asso
ciated with labor-saving housekeeping are included. These apart
ments cater as a rule to persons in the upper income classes. While
home owners in the higher income levels continue to build houses
in these cities, their number is small compared with the low income
population which has owned its homes for a considerable number
of years.
Taking Denver as an example, it is found that whereas the average
age of existing apartment houses is less than 10 years, that of the
owned homes is more nearly 30 years. In a recent study4 of Denver
housing along the Platte River—representing the poorest section of
the city—the age of each living unit was checked, in 1934, over an
area of square miles. It was found that the houses, the bulk of
which were occupied by home owners, averaged 35 years of age.
They represent a type of construction for which only those in the
lowest income levels would provide the rental market. In many of
these homes, families on relief are permitted to continue their owner* S ee T a b u la r S u m m a r y , sec. B , ta b le 12, for in co m e b r a c k ets 95,000 a n d o v e r .
4 S ee “ H o u sin g R e p o r t,” B u ild in g D e p a r tm e n t, C ity a n d C o u n ty o f D e n v e r , 1934. U n iv e r s ity o f
D e n v e r R e p o r ts, v o l. 14, N o . 4, “ R e a l E sta te V a c a n c y S u r v e y of th e C ity a n d C o u n ty of D e n v e r , C o lo .,
as o f S e p te m b e r 1938.”
HOME OWNERSHIP AND KENT
75
ship and residence, inasmuch as it is cheaper to permit them to pay
their property taxes out of relief receipts or earnings than it would
be for the welfare agencies to rent homes for them.
A further point to be made is that most of the families in these
old homes are themselves in the upper age limits. Some who were
formerly in the upper income brackets now have relatively meager
current earnings.
Families receiving relief during the year were home owners in no
less than one-fifth of the cases. Obviously home ownership did not
disqualify families from passing a means test in these communities.
No data were obtained, however, on the status of the ownership,
i. e., whether taxes and interest were delinquent, but it is possible
that many of these families were on the verge of losing their homes.
Although a number of exceptions may be noted, among incomplete
families also, the trend toward increase in home ownership with rise
in income level exists. Some allowance should be made for variation
arising from the relatively small samples of incomplete families as
well as variation due to the heterogeneous composition of this group.
In Denver where the sample is somewhat larger than in the other
communities, the proportion of home owners among incomplete
families ranged from 29 percent in the lowest income class to 68 per
cent of the families receiving $3,000 or more.
Home ownership among occupational groups.—Of the wage-earner,
clerical, and business and professional families, home ownership was
most prevalent among the last-mentioned group. In six of the West
Central-Rocky Mountain communities half or more of the business
and professional groups owned their homes, and in the seventh city—
Denver—47 percent were home owners. In all these cities except
Butte and Pueblo, proportionately fewer wage-earner than clerical
families possessed their homes. These differences must be con
sidered in the light of income differences, however, since, as we saw
from the discussion above, the higher the income bracket (with the
notable exception of the lowest income group), the larger the propor
tion of home owners.
Limiting the analysis to Denver families, we find that, as income
permits, home ownership becomes more prevalent among wage-earner
than among either of the other occupational groups. Not only is the
rate of increase of home ownership with rises in income greater
among the wage-earner than among the clerical and business and
professional groups, but in income classes of $1,500 and over wage
earners actually had higher percentages of home owners than did the
white-collar groups.5 This predominance of home owners among
*In comparing ownership trends by occupational groupings, it may be recalled that wage-earner families
do not ordinarily get into the upper income class unless the family is large enough to contain several earners.
The cost of renting a modern aparatment of the requisite size for a large family might, therefore, encourage
the purchase of a home by the wage earners; whereas in the business or professional family, the earnings of
a single breadwinner may provide superior rented facilities for a smaller family.
76
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
these higher income wage-earner families is, in part at least, attribut
able to the older age composition of this occupational group at the
upper income level. As the Chicago analysis showed, home owner
ship is highly correlated with age.6
T
able
51 .— Percentage of home owners, by occupational group
fN o n r e lie f n a tiv e w h ite c o m p le te fa m ilies!
A ll
o c c u p a tio n s
C ity
D e n v e r .. .......................................... ............................................
O m a h a -C o u n c il B lu ffs
_____
D u b u q u e __________________________________________
S p r in g fie ld , M o __________________________________
B u t t e . ...........................................................................................
P u e b lo ............................................................................................
B illin g s ___ ________________________________________
W age
earner
4 1 .3
4 7 .5
45 .2
51.3
4 2 .3
49. 5
4 4 .5
B u s in e s s
a n d pro
fessio n a l
C lerical
3 6 .0
4 3 .6
4 0 .5
4 6 .2
41 .1
4 8 .8
3 6 .4
3 7 .5
45.1
4 3 .4
5 2 .0
3 5 .0
4 4 .7
4 0 .2
47.1
5 4 .3
5 1.3
5 7 .3
4 9 .8
5 3 .3
55 .1
O th e r 1
6 7 .2
77. 5
8 1 .0
7 9.8
5 8 .5
68. 2
5 1 .3
» F a m ilie s w it h n o g a in fu lly e m p lo y e d m e m b e r s a n d fa rm ers.
T
able
52,—Percentage of home owners by occupational group and income class in
Denver
[N o n relief n a tiv e w h ite c o m p le te fa m ilies]
Wage earner
Income class
Tntal nnnrplipf
TTnripr $500- ___
_
_ ____
$500~$749 ................................................................ .........................
$750-$999 .......... .................... ...................................................
$1,000-$1,249......................................................................................
$1,250-$! ,499.................... ..................................................................
$1,500-$1,749 ................ ....................................................................
$1,750-$1,999 ..................................................................................
$2,000-$2,499 ....................................... ..........___............................
$2,500-$2,999 ........................................................ .......................... _
$3,000-$4,999 ...............................................................................
$5,000 and over________________________________________
Clerical
36.0
23.9
19.9
22.5
28.4
35.1
36.4
36.8
60.6
64.7
61.5
37.5
28.6
27.8
22.3
15.8
29.8
32.8
28.5
48.7
53.2
55.4
81.8
Business and
professional
47.1
33.3
36.0
47.4
33.3
42.0
33.8
35.3
38.8
53.7
57.3
70.2
Income oj owners and renters.—In view of the increased percentage
of home owners at the higher income levels, it is not surprising to find
that the median income of home owners is consistently greater than
that of renters in each of the cities surveyed. (See table 53.) The
least difference between the two home tenure groups among nonrelief
native white complete families occurred in Dubuque—where the
median income of home owners was approximately $275 greater than
that of renters. The greatest difference was found in Billings—the
owners in this city averaged $654 more in median income than did
the renters. As the following analysis will show, this spread in
income is substantially greater than the average amount imputed for
home ownership, indicating that even without the addition of non
money income from housing, the income of home owners would exceed
that of renters.
« F a m ily I n c o m e in C h ica g o , B u r e a u o f L a b o r S ta tis tic s B u ll. N o . 642, v o l. I , c b . V I .
77
HOME OWNERSHIP AND RENT
T able 53.
—Median income of home owners and renterst by occupational group
[Nonrelief native white complete families]
City
A ll o c c u p a tio n s
W a g e earn ers
C lerica l
B u s in e s s a n d
p ro fessio n a l
O w n e r s R e n ter s O w n e r s R e n ter s O w n e r s R e n ter s O w n e r s R e n ter s
D e n v e r ........................................................................ $2,044
O m a h a -C o u n c il Bluffs.......... .. ............. 2,011
D u b u q u e .................................................................. 1,450
S p rin g field , M o ................................................
1,527
2,016
B u t t e . ...................................................................
P u e b lo ...................................... .................................. 1,666
B i l l i n g s . . . .............................................................. 2,384
$1,553
1,527
1,176
1.139
1 701
1.366
1.730
$1,615
1,681
1.320
1,387
1,767
1.556
1,868
$1,223
1,228
1,055
995
1,446
1, 235
1,449
$2,171
2,1 6 8
1,833
1, 743
2 ,154
1,886
2 ,417
$1.69 0
1,698
1,445
1,384
1,780
1,593
1.824
$ 2 ,69 9
2,7 2 9
2,033
1,908
2 ,732
2 ,035
2 ,9 6 5
$2,00 7
2,0 6 6
1, 716
1.492
2,394
1 ,709
2,321
The above differences are found within given occupational groups
also, the median of owners usually being several hundred dollars greater
than the median of renters within any given occupational category.
Nonmoney income from housing.—Since one of the sources of family
income, as defined in this study, is an imputed income from home
ownership, the present discussion completes the analysis undertaken
in the preceding chapter. It has been assumed that home owners
tend to have an advantage in purchasing power over renters receiving
money income of the same magnitude since, generally speaking, in
any given year the expenses of home ownership, i. e.,repairs, insurance,
taxes, and interest on mortgage tend to fall below the amounts paid
by renters for rent in comparable types of living quarters.7 Thus a
nonmoney addition to money income of home owners was used in
the computation of their family income. This imputed income was
derived by subtracting the expenses of home owners from the esti
mated rental value of their quarters; the difference was then added
to their money income.8
r This does not mean that in the long run home ownership is necessarily more economical than tenancy.
It merely assumes that housing is the return on an investment comparable with the interest return which
is obtained from investments in bonds. In estimating the current expenses on owned homes no account
was taken of interest on funds invested in the owner’s equity, it was assumed that such interest was received
in the form of nonmoney income from housing. To be sure, no account is taken of depreciation or of increase
in value of owned homes, but neither are such changes on investments in stocks or bonds taken into account
when determining current income. It should be emphasized at this point that family income as shown in
this study covers income received by the family during a single year, and does not take Into account changes
in assets and liabilities which affect the net worth of the family.
Since the rental value of owned homes is in itself only an estimation (checked, to be sure, by the agent’s
estimate of what renters are paying for comparable types of quarters in the same neighborhood), there is a
possibility that home owners consistently overestimate the value of their housing. Since, however, some
home owners might have anticipated that the data obtained would be used for tax assessment purposes,
there is also the likelihood that underevaluation also took place.
* For the purpose of reducing the interview time necessary for the extensive random sample, certain
devices had to be employed when deriving the figure for imputed income of home owners from housing.
While the rental value and the actual amount paid as mortgage interest were obtained from the family
owning the dwelling, other current expenses (taxes, insurance, and repairs), were calculated from the rental
value in accordance with an experience table based upon previous detailed studies of housing by the Bureau
of Labor Statistics. Thus home owners who made very extensive repairs during the schedule year incurred
expense higher than the estimate and actually had less Imputed income from housing than was attributed
to them. On the other hand, there were undoubtedly some owners, at least in the lowest income brackets,
who did not, during the year, pay the normal expenses of ownership attributed to them, such as taxes, in
surance, and repairs. For these families, the imputed income from housing for the schedule year was actually
greater than the estimated figure.
78
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
The rental value of quarters occupied by families which received
free housing in compensation for services rendered*—such as janitors,
resident Rectors of institutions, or apartment house managers was
added to the money income of such families.
Together, imputed income from owned home and rent as pay
accounted for between 6 and 8 percent of the aggregate family income
of the West Central-Rocky Mountain communities surveyed. (See
table 24, ch. V.) Of the two sources, home ownership is far more
important. The proportion of the total nonmoney income derived
from each of these sources for native white complete families in the
seven cities studied follows:
Source of nonmoney income
All nonmoney income from
housing:
Percentage..............................
From home ownership____
From rent as pay..................
SpringOmahaCouncil Dubuque field,
Bluffs
Mo.
Denver
100.0
97.8
2.2
100.0
94.8
5.2
100.0
97.7
2.3
100.0
97.2
2.8
Butte
100.0
96.2
3.8
Pueblo
100.0
96.8
3.2
Billings
100.0
98.0
2.0
Although the income imputed to home owners constitutes the
major portion of nonmoney income the net effect of this item upon
family income as a whole is not very marked. Only between $68 and
$112, on the average, was added to family income by virtue of the
adjustment in the income of home owners among native white com
plete families as a whole. If, however, the average adjustment in
income of home owners alone is considered, the income imputed is
obviously greater. Nonmoney income from housing per home
owner is more than double the figure based on owners and renters
combined, due of course to the fact that home owners comprise less
than half of all families. The following table shows nonmoney
income from home ownership for all native white complete families
and for home owners in this group.
OmahaSpringN ativity, family composition, Denver CouncilDubuque field,
and tenure
Bluffs
Mo.
Average based on—
All native white complete
families.............. ...................
Home owners..........................
$100
270
1
$112
256
$79
197
$68
146
Butte
$96
246
Pueblo
$75
171
Billings
$108
272
Since the amount of income imputed is a function of the rental
value of the home, and of the proportion of home owners it is to be
expected that the amount varies at different income levels. Refer
ence to the Tabular Summary, section B, table 2—indicates that
this is the case—in fact there is almost a consistent tendency for
imputed income to increase with rise in income. In Denver for
79
HOME OWNERSHIP AND RENT
example, in the income bracket under $250, $41 represented the
imputed income of home owners; at the $1,000 to $1,250 income
class, $44; at the $3,000 to $3,500 class, $192; and in the $5,000 to
$7,500 group, $391 constituted the nonmoney income from housing.
Housing Expenditures
Nature oj data on rent and rental value.—Before entering upon a dis
cussion of rent and rental values, it is desirable to have in mind the
nature of the rent data secured in the present study. The rent of
tenants is the amount payable to the landlord for the occupancy of
the dwelling; it is the rental rate reported at the date of interview.
In the lowest income brackets, therefore, the actual ratio of rent to
income was overstated for cases in which the tenant was unable to
pay the rent which is compared with his income.
Another disturbing factor is that rent averages cover houses as well
as apartments and only in the latter are expenses of such items as
fuel, refrigeration, or even light, likely to be included in the rental.
This last fact is of considerable importance if rents or the ratio of rent
to income is to be compared between cities. The following percent
ages of native white complete families among the renters, resided in
dwellings of various types:
City
Denver. . ________________ _____ ___ _____ ______ _____ ___________
Omaha-Council Bluffs_________ ___ ______ ____________ _________
Dubuque._______________________ _____ ______________________
Springfield, M o______ ________ _________________ __ _____ __ ____
B u tte ____________________________ ____________________________
Pueblo
___________________ _________ ____________________
Billings____________ ____ _____ ______ ______ ____________________
1- and 2family
houses
Apartment
building (3
or more
families)
72.5
81.1
80.2
91.3
62.9
84.9
74.5
24.8
16.2
13.1
6.2
33.8
12.4
23.3
Other
2.7
2.7
6.7
2.5
3.3
2.7
2.2
Insofar as different types of dwellings are more prevalent at certain
income levels than at others and among certain occupational groups,
comparisons of rent differences should, theoretically, take into account
items included in the rental payment. Since, however, the more
detailed treatment of housing expense is available only for the sample
of families giving expenditure data, it is not possible to treat the rental
item in detail in the present volume. Later volumes on family expend
itures will contain a fuller analysis.
Rental value reported by owners is the amount for which they
estimate their quarters would rent, in the light of amounts paid for
rented homes of similar accommodations in the same neighborhood.
We have already pointed out that the income of home owners is an
adjusted figure which includes nonmoney income imputed to owners
and that the actual expenditures on the owned home varied from the
estimated expenditures.
80
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Rent and income.—We find considerable variation in average rent
paid by native white complete families in these seven West CentralRocky Mountain cities. There appears to be a correlation between the
general level of income in these communities, as judged by the medians,
and average rent. Families in Billings reported the highest monthly
rent—$28.20—while renters in Springfield, Mo., had the lowest at
$15.20 per month. Rents in these two cities represent the extremes at
practically every income level—the Billings renters averaging the
highest monthly rents and the renters of Springfield the lowest of all
seven cities. At the top income bracket of $3,000 and more, however,
the rents of Denver and Omaha families run somewhat higher than do
those of Billings families in these income classes.
Although at any given income level, a wide range of rents is paid
in every city, the average rents increase consistently with each rise in
income level from $750 upward. Taking Denver as an example we
find nonrelief families in the income groups $750 to $1,000 averaging
$18 for rent; at the $1,500 to $1,750 income class monthly rents amount
to $26 on the average; families with current funds of $3,000 to $4,000
pay an average of $42 per month for rent; while at the $5,000 and
higher income class $66 per month constitutes the average rent. In
only one city, Springfield, do renters in the lowest income brackets
consistently average lower rents than do families receiving $750 to
$1,000 for the year.9
T
able
54 .— A verage m onthly rent reported by renters, by incom e class
[N a t iv e w h ite c o m p le te fa m ilies]
D enver
I n c o m e cla ss
A ll fa m ilie s .
_ r
x
_
-
R e l i e f ............................................................
N o n r e lie f_________ __ ___ ____________
Under $250.................... .............
$250-$499...................................
$500-$749...................................
$750-$999 .................................
$1,000-$1,249.............................
$1,250-$1,499_...........................
$1,500-11,749......................... ....
$1,750-$1,999.............................
$2,000-$2,249.............................
$2,250-$2,499.............................
$2,500-$2,999.............................
$3,000-$3,999 .......................
$4,000-$4,999.............................
$5,000 and o v e r _______________
$25.20
15.00
27. 40
20. 40
18. 50
18. 30
17. 90
22.00
23.10
25. 90
28. 40
30. 40
35. 20
34. 70
42.40
50. 50
65. 50
O m ahaC o u n c il D u b u q u e
B lu ffs
$24.90
14.60
27.40
21.90
17.00
17.60
18.10
21. 30
24.20
26.40
29.50
31.00
35.10
36. 30
43.90
49.60
60.80
.
$18.00
12.00
20.00
16.50
14.90
14.70
14.80
17.70
20.00
22.50
24.80
26.60
28.40
30.10
36.60
46.00
50.30
s§ er! d f
M o.
$15.20
8.40
17.00
11.10
11. 40
11. 60
13.10
16.20
16.20
18.70
21.90
24. 60
25.70
27.00
32. 50
35.40
39. 70
B u tte
$22.20
14.60
24.20
26.00
16. 40
19. 30
18.40
18. 60
17. 80
21.70
24.60
25.80
29.40
29. 30
38.20
40.50
52. 20
P u e b lo
$17.00
11.30
19.50
16.50
13.10
13.10
14.00
16.80
18.40
20. 40
23. 50
25. 40
27.10
27.60
32.00
38.00
42.50
B illin g s
$28. 20
15.80
29.90
21.00
16. 50
21.40
20.80
23.50
26.10
27. 60
30. 00
34.30
34.90
38.20
40. 70
47.10
43.30
• I t h a s b e e n p o in te d o u t a n u m b e r o f tim e s in th is b u lle tin , th e se n o n r e lie f lo w in c o m e fa m ilie s rep resen t
a r a th er h e ter o g e n eo u s g ro u p — fa m ilie s w h o se cu r r e n t in c o m e is n o t in d ic a tiv e o f th e ir le v e l o f liv in g sin c e
t h e y m a y b e d r a w in g u p o n s a v in g s or o th er reso u rces for cu rren t liv in g e x p e n se s, or th e y m a y b e s p e n d in g
b e y o n d th e ir reso u rces a n d n o t p a y in g th e ir b ills . T h u s th e a v e r a g e r e n ts r e p o r te d b y th e se lo w in c o m e
g ro u p s m a y b e e x p e c te d to b e s o m e w h a t o u t o f lin e as c o m p a r e d w it h r e n ts o f fa m ilie s w h o se c u r r e n t e x p e n d i
tu r e s are m o re n e a r ly a d ju s te d to c u r r e n t in co m e .
81
HOME OWNERSHIP AND RENT
The “floor” of rents, as judged by average rents of families receiving
relief, varies considerably as between the seven cities, being almost
twice as high in Billings as in Springfield ($15.80 as compared with
$8.40). In the two large cities as well as in Butte, the relief group
averaged close to $15 in rent while in Dubuque and Pueblo $12 and
$11 represented the average rents for such families.
Rental value and income.—Although the rental value of owned home
represents an estimate of the rent which could be obtained were the
dwelling for rent, the similarity of the pattern from city to city, and
the consistency of the increase in rental value with rises in income
indicates a certain reliability in these estimates.
Since proportionately more home owners than renters have rela
tively high incomes, it is not surprising to find that the average rental
value of home owners exceeds the average rent of tenants in each of
the cities surveyed. Whereas mean rents range from $15 to $28 per
month, the rental values of owned homes vary from $22 (in Springfield) to $38 (in Billings and Denver). Generally speaking, rental
values are from one-third to one-half higher than rents in these seven
West Central-Rocky Mountain cities. At comparable income levels,
however, the discrepancies are not so pronounced. Rental values
run about $4 or $5 higher, usually, than rents.10
T able
55.
—Average monthly rental value of owned homes, by income class
[N a tiv e w h ite c o m p le te fa m ilies]
I n c o m e cla ss
A ll fa m ilie s ...............................................
R e lie f ---------------------------------------N o n r e lie f........ ..............................................
U n d e r $250..................................
$250-$499......................- .........
$500-$749....................... ...............
$750-$999. .................................
$1,000-$1,249....... ........... ..............
$1,250-11,499......... ..................
$1,500-$1,749.............................
$1,750-$1,999......... ...................
$2,000-$2,249_______ ______
$2,250-$2,499............................
$2,500-$2,999............................
$3,000-$3,999.............................
$4,000-$4,999__________ _
$5,000 a n d o v e r ..............................
D enver
$37.50
20. 50
38. 70
23.20
22. 90
26.80
26. 50
26. 00
27. 50
30. 80
32.20
33.80
38.60
40.90
49.70
56.50
83.30
O m aha*
S p rin g C o u n c il D u b u q u e field
, M o.
B lu ffs
$34. 70
18. 50
36.10
20.20
26.90
23.40
24 30
24.60
27.60
29.50
32.50
35.10
36.70
39.90
46.90
55.40
70.40
$26. 40
17.30
27.60
18.40
22.50
21. 30
20.50
23. 40
25.00
26.60
29.10
29.70
33.70
35.10
41.80
47.20
58.30
$22.10
11.20
22.80
13.00
15.70
15.80
15.90
17.60
19.70
21.20
22.80
25. 30
30.40
31.80
36.20
44.40
53.40
B u t te
$30.40
20.00
32.10
22.50
19.40
20.10
24.40
22.60
23.40
24.60
28.50
31.80
32.80
36.50
41.10
47.60
61.70
P u e b lo
$24.90
17.10
26.20
15.90
21.00
17.00
17.40
20.60
22.70
24.50
26.80
29.60
30.80
33.00
39.10
43.40
51.00
B illin g s
$37.90
21.30
38.70
15.00
22.50
24.70
28.80
27.30
28.40
30.50
33.60
39.30
38.10
41.10
45.10
49.90
5 2 .00
An almost consistent rise in rental value with increases in income
from $750 upward (and in some cities from $250 and up) occurs in
every city. In Denver, for instance, families receiving $250 to $500
io
W h e th e r th is m e a n s th a t th e n o n m o n e y in c o m e a d d e d to th e in c o m e o f h o m e o w n er s s h o u ld h a v e b e e n
larger th a n w a s a c tu a lly im p u te d so th a t fa m ilie s r e p o r tin g g iv e n r e n ta l v a lu e s s h o u ld b e c la ssifie d in h ig h e r
in co m e b r a c k ets th a n w a s d o n e or w h e th e r h o m e o w n er s a c tu a lly liv e in d w e llin g s o f h ig h e r r e n ta l v a lu e
th a n d o ren ters or w h e th e r o w n ers te n d e d to o v e r e v a lu a te th e ir q u a rters c a n n o t b e a sc er ta in e d fro m th e
d a ta a t h a n d .
82
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
lived in homes whose rental value averaged $23; homes of families
obtaining $1,000 to $1,250 had an average rental value of $26; at
$2,000 to $2,250 homes would rent for $34 per month, while at the
level of $3,000 to $4,000 in income and $5,000 and over, rental value
amounted to $50 and $83 respectively. (See table 55.)
Rent as a percentage oj income among Denver families.—Before turning
to the rent-income ratio found among native white complete families,
found in all seven cities, we shall examine the Denver figures to deter
mine the extent to which the generalizations for this selected group
of families are applicable to the other groups of the population; i. e.,
the incomplete native white families, the foreign and color groups.
Rents of the family population as a whole in Denver, formed
approximately one-fifth of family income of renters; among the relief
groups, however, rent assumed one-third of their earned and nonrelief
income.
T able
56 .— Rent as a percentage of income among Denver renters, by nativity, race,
and family composition groups
[Relief and nonrelief families]
Income class
All families..............................................
Relief____________ _________ _____
Nonrelief...................... ........................
Under $500.......................................
$500-$749..........................................
$750-$999______________ ______
$1,000-$1, 249........ ..........................
$1, 250-$l, 499_________________
$1, 500-$l, 749_________________
$1, 750-$l, 999._______ _________
$2,000-$2, 499_______________
$2, 500-S2, 999..................................
$3,000-$4, 999
_____ _______
$5,000 and over___.........................
All
families
20.8
33.2
19.8
73.8
33.9
28.0
24.1
21.0
19.3
18.3
17.8
16.1
14.0
10.7
Native-born white
All
20.9
34.3
19.8
72.9
34.9
28.4
25.1
21.4
19.6
18.4
18.1
16. 2
14.2
10.6
Complete Incom
plete
19.0
31.1
19.0
73.9
34.0
24.6
23.4
20.4
19.4
18.3
17.6
15.5
14.7
10.9
26.8
40.6
24.8
72.1
36.0
35.7
31.4
25. 5
20.2
19. 7
20. 6
18.4
11.3
9.5
Foreignborn Negro Other
color
white
20.0
27.8
19.6
81.2
36.0
28.2
20.4
17. 7
18. 2
17. 4
15.9
15.3
12.8
27.4
37.9
22.4
0)
20.5
19.7
0)
24.3
25.7
20.7
63.3
14.7
0)
8.8
0)
0)
1 Fewer than 3 cases of renters in sample.
A consistent decline in the ratio occurred with each successively
higher income group. At the lowest income class, under $500, rent rep
resented almost three-fourths of family income; at $1,000 to $1,250,
one-fourth; $2,000 to $2,250 less than one-fifth, and at $5,000 or
more about one-tenth of the income was allotted to the rental item.
The difference in housing expenditures as between the nativity
groups was slight but consistent at the various income levels. The
foreign-born renters devoted a lower percentage of their incomes to
housing than did the native at practically every income bracket except
the lowest. The explanation may be found in the difference in occupa
tional make-up of the foreign group. Wage-earner families which, as
later analysis will show, have relatively low rent income ratios as
HOME OWNERSHIP AND RENT
83
compared with the white-collar occupational groups are proportion
ately more prevalent in the foreign groups than in the native.
The number of Negro and other color families drawn in the sample
in Denver was not large enough to warrant any detailed analysis.
In the few low-income brackets where data are available on 3 or more
cases, their ratio of rent to income seems to fall considerably below that
of the native or foreign white families. In the non relief income class
$500 to $750, rent comprised 35 percent of the income of native
white families, and 36 percent of that of the foreign, while among the
Negro and other color groups 21 and 15 percent, respectively, of
income was allocated to rent. The relatively low rents of dwellings
occupied by these color groups may be correlated with differences in
the occupational composition of these racial groups as compared with
those of the white families. As we pointed out above, wage earners
tend to spend smaller proportions of their incomes for rent than do the
white-collar workers; and since the color groups as a rule are em
ployed in the wage-earner occupations, a relatively low rental level
would accord with other findings of this Study. Residential restric
tions may also operate to keep the colored groups in the more deteri
orated low-rent areas of the city.
Among the native white families, the incomplete group allocated a
larger share of income to rent than did the complete families. Rents
of the former group assumed 27 percent of their income while the rental
item of the latter group formed 19 percent. This trend holds, how
ever, only up to the $3,000 level, above which the rent-income ratio of
the complete group was larger. The explanation of the larger rent
bill of the incomplete families at low income levels may be found in
the fact that such families had past savings or other resources upon
which to draw to meet the rent item, and that current family income
did not indicate the real economic status of these broken families.
Among some incomplete families, furthermore, the rent reported
covered rooms occupied by lodgers; thus the gross rent represented an
overstatement of the real rent bill of such families. As pointed out in
the discussion of the preceding chapter, the incomplete families took in
lodgers more frequently than did the complete.
Rent-income ratio of native white complete families in 7 cities.—Rents
of native white complete families averaged between one-fifth and onesixth of the family income of renters in the 7 cities surveyed in the
West Central-Rocky Mountain region. The share of income repre
sented by rent varied greatly, however, at different income levels,
becoming consistently smaller as income increased. Although, as we
saw above, average rents rose at each successively higher income class,
the rate increase in rent did not keep pace with the rate of increase in
income; thus the rent-income ratio shows a continuous decline with
each rise in income. In the income class $250 to $500, rent constituted
84
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
between one-third and one-half of nonrelief family income in these
cities. At the $1,000 to $1,250 income level, rent represented from 17
percent (in Springfield) to 25 percent (in Billings). In these same 2
cities families receiving $3,000 to $4,000 allocated 12 and 15 percent
respectively, of such income for rent, while in the top bracket of $5,000
or more the proportion rent formed of income had declined to less than
8 percent. In the other cities similar trends may be noted in table 57.
At practically every income level Billings families spent the highest
proportion of their incomes for rent; this follows from the higher
average rents at given income levels in this community. Springfield
families, with their relatively low rents correspondingly allocated a
smaller proportion of income for the rent item. In Denver and
Omaha, a somewhat higher rent-income ratio is found than in the
smaller communities, with the exception of Billings.
T
able
57 .— Rent as a 'percentage of income, by income class
[N a t iv e w h ite c o m p le te fa m ilies]
Income class
All families...................................
Relief...............................................
Nonrelief-.........................................
Under $250_______________
$250-$499__________ - .........
$500-$749 ................................
$750-$999...................................
$1,000-$1,249._____________
$1,250-$1,499_..........................
$1,500-$!,749.............................
$1,750-$1,999...........................
$2,000-$2,249............................
$2,250-$2,499............. -.............
$2,500-$2,999._____________
$3,000-$3,999............................
$4,000-$4,999_...........................
$5,000 a n d o v e r ...............................
Denver
19.0
31.1
19.0
0)
56.8
34.0
24.6
23.4
20.4
19.4
18.3
17.4
17.8
15.5
15.1
13.8
10.9
OmahaSpringCouneil Dubuque field,
Mo.
Bluffs
19.8
30.7
19.0
0)
51.5
32.8
24.4
22.7
21.3
19.8
19.2
17.6
17.7
16.1
15.7
13.5
1 0 .6
19.0
28.4
17.7
0)43.0
27.2
20.4
19. 2
17.6
17.0
16.2
15.1
14.4
13.4
13.3
1 2 .8
8 .9
16.2
22.6
15.7
0)
35.2
22.1
18.0
17.2
14.3
14.0
14.2
14.0
13.0
1 2 .0
1 1 .8
9.5
8 .0
Butte
16.2
26.1
15.2
O)
51.1
35.1
25.3
19.6
15.3
16.3
15.9
14.7
14.9
1 3 .0
13.9
1 1 .0
7 .8
Pueblo
16.9
23.1
15.8
0)
38.6
24.4
19.1
17.8
16.0
15.3
15.2
14.4
13.7
12.3
11.5
10.3
7.1
Billings
19.4
35.5
18.8
0)
50.6
41.2
28.0
24.8
22.8
20.8
19.4
19.4
17.6
16.8
15.0
1 2 .6
6 .8
1 P e r c e n ta g e is n o t g iv e n b e c a u se n e t cu r r e n t in c o m e s u n d e r $250 fo rm ed o n ly a fra ctio n o f cu r r e n t r e ce ip ts
w h ic h in c lu d e d b o rr o w in g s, d r a w in g o n s a v in g s, etc.
Families receiving relief during the year reported rents which aver
aged between 23 percent (in Springfield) and 36 percent (in Billings)
of their incomes (excluding income from direct relief). It should be
emphasized again, that rent, as defined in this analysis, does not rep
resent amounts actually paid, but rather is the rent bill—whether paid
or not.
Rent-income ratio by occupation.—-Because of differences in income
between occupational groups, we may expect to find differences in
the average rent bill and in the average ratios of rent to income
among families in the various occupations. A more interesting
analysis is provided by the ratio of rent to income by income classes
and by major occupational groups. Although in each of the cities, the
85
HOME OWNERSHIP AND RENT
clerical families, on the average, paid the highest proportion of thenincome for rent, at comparable income levels the business and pro
fessional families allocated more of their income for rent than did
either the clerical or the wage-earner groups. In each income class the
ratio of rent to income among clerical families was closer to that of
business and professional than to that of wage-earner families. Thus
we may conclude that among the occupational groups, business and
professional families tend to maintain somewhat more expensive homes
than do clerical and wage-earner families while clerical families have
somewhat more costly quarters than do wage earners at any particular
income level. Wage earners are not so apt to spend large amounts for
housing even when they receive high incomes, while business and pro
fessional and clerical families are not so likely to occupy low-rent
dwellings even though they receive low incomes. In each occupational
group, however, the proportion of income spent for rent decreases as
family income increases. The above data on housing seem to imply
varying living standards among different occupational groups. A
more thorough analysis of the housing expenditures by occupational
group will be contained in volume II.
T able 58. —Rent as a 'percentage of income, by occupational group and income class
[Nonrelief native white complete families]
Omaha-Council
Bluffs
Denver
Income class
All families____ _________
Under $500............. .......
$500-$999.--....................
$1,000-$1,499..................
$1,500~$1,999.................
$2,000-$2,999____ ____
$3,000-$4,999_................
$5,000 and over______
All families............................
Under $500.....................
$500-$999__.....................
$1,000-$1,499..................
$1,500-$! ,999..................
$2,000-$2,999..................
$3,000-$4,999..................
$5,000 and over.............
18.5
53.3
24.8
19.4
16.3
14.2
10.9
0)
19.5
81.1
28.8
23.6
20.1
16.8
14.2
10.8
18.1
84.7
35.7
25.1
20.4
17.9
15.5
10.6
18.7
44.8
24.2
20.3
17.5
14.2
11.2
19.7
80.2
28.9
23.4
20.5
18.0
15.0
11.4
18.0
83.0
32.8
26.2
21.1
18.4
15.8
10.1
17.5
49.2
21.3
17.1
14.9
12.1
10.9
8.3
17.8
73.0
23.5
20.4
17.5
14.2
11.7
17.3
77.2
29.4
21.9
18.4
16.3
13.8
9.1
14.7
37.9
18.0
14.2
11.4
10.1
9.3
0)
Pueblo
16.7
46.9
21.6
17.9
16.8
14.3
11.2
0)
16.0
47.1
24.1
18.6
16.4
14.8
11.9
8.3
Billings
Busi
Busi
Busi
ness Wage
ness Wage
ness
Wage
and earner Clerical and earner
Clerical and
earner Clerical profes
profes
profes
sional
sional
sional
14.4
57.9
25.9
15.5
13.8
11.8
8.5
16.6
36.4
19.1
17.7
14.3
14.0
0)
14.9
44.2
35.9
24.6
18.4
17.4
13.8
7.8
15.4
37.4
19.8
16.1
13.4
12.1
8.7
16.3
60.4
22 1
17.9
17.1
13.5
9.0
i Insufficient number of cases in sample for computation of percentages.
Springfield, Mo*
Busi
Busi
Busi
Busi
ness
ness
ness
ness
and Wage Cler and Wage Cler and Wage Cler and
Wage Cler- propro*
proearner ical fes- earner ical fes- earner ical fes- earner ical professionsionsionsional
al
al
al
Butte
Income class
Dubuque
15.7
68.0
24.7
19.2
16.4
15.2
12.1
7.1
18.8
46.4
31.6
21.4
18.1
15.3
11.0
0)
19.8
0)
31.0
24.7
21.3
18.6
14.5
0)
17.3
63.3
34.5
28.2
21.3
18.8
14.6
7.1
Chapter V II
Family Income Structure by Cities
The emphasis throughout the preceding chapters has been placed
upon the similarity and contrasts in income structure of the seven
West Central-Rocky Mountain communities. The search for gener
alizations pertaining to the income of the various social and economic
groups within the region inevitably obscures the pattern of each city.
At this point, however, a summarization by cities is presented for
readers whose primary interest lies in the family income structure of
any or all of the seven West Central-Rocky Mountain communities.
Denver
Denver, although the largest of the West Central-Rocky Mountain
cities studied, had a median family income which was about halfway
between the lowest and the highest median incomes for the seven
cities surveyed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in this region.
Incomes of less than $1,000 were received by approximately three out
of every eight Denver families; incomes greater than $1,000 but under
$2,000, by slightly less than three-eighths; and of the remaining families
which constituted more than one quarter of the total family popula
tion, the majority secured incomes between $2,000 and $3,000. Our
calculations show that these two out of eight families which had in
comes of $2,000 and over had more buying power than the six with
lower incomes.
When the median income of the native white family population,
which comprises four-fifths of all families in Denver, is compared with
the income of the foreign group, one finds a difference of more than
$150 in favor of the native white group ($1,356 versus $1,190). Half
of the native-born nonrelief families containing a husband and wife
had incomes of $1,705 or more. More than three-eighths of this rela
tively favorably situated group of families received incomes of $2,000
and over.
Income of occupational groups.—Although wage-earner families
constituted a somewhat smaller proportion of the total family popu
lation in Denver than in most of the other communities studied in
this region, they still represented 40 percent of all families in the city.
The Denver wage-earner group contained the major portion of all the
relief families in the city, 28 percent of the wage-earner families having
received relief at some time during the year of the Study. The median
income of all wage-earner families was $1,020 for the year.
86
FAMILY INCOME STRUCTURE BY CITIES
87
Clerical occupations accounted for the major earned income of 22
percent of Denver families. They obtained a median income of
$1,601, almost $600 higher than the median for the wage-earner group.
The business and professional groups, comprising 28 percent of all
families in this city, secured a median income of $1,972—almost double
that of the wage-earner group. Within the business and professional
classification, there are marked differences between various groups of
families. Business entrepreneurs obtained a lower median income
than did the clerical families while the independent professional group
ranked highest of all groups in average income. Salaried business
families who ranked next to the independent professionals received
higher median incomes than did salaried professional families. The
retired and nonemployed group fell, as would be expected, at the
bottom of the scale—with a median of only $406 for the year.
Income and family composition.—More than seven-tenths of the
native white families in Denver contained both a husband and wife.
The relatively advantageous economic position occupied by these
husband-wife families may be seen from their median income of
$1,535 as contrasted with $920 for the incomplete families, and from
the fact that only 14 percent of the complete families had recourse to
relief while 24 percent of the incomplete families needed outside
assistance.
Over half (54 percent) of both the native and foreign complete
groups consisted of husband and wife only and of families with one
adult in addition to the married couple. The relative importance of
these two family types, however, differed for the two nativity groups
in that the additional adult was found more frequently in the foreignborn families than in the native families.
The average native white complete family was smaller in Denver
than in the other West Central-Rocky Mountain cities, containing 3.4
persons. In the nonrelief group family size increased consistently
with each rise in income, but even at the highest income level the
average size of these families, 3.5, did not equal the average of 3.9
persons per relief family.
Families consisting of five or six adults (type VIII) secured the
highest median income ($1,966) of any of the native white complete
family types. But families consisting of husband and wife only proved
to be the most self-supporting, having less than one-tenth of its families
on relief during the year.
Sources of family income.—Of every $100 income which Denver
families obtained during the scheduled period, $85 was earned money
income. Of this amount $75 was contributed by the chief bread
winners; approximately $9 was earned by other members of the family
while $1 represented earnings from work not attributable to individual
78127°— 40----- 7
88
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
family members (i.e., the keeping of roomers and boarders and casual
work for pay done in the home). More than $8 of the remaining
income was money income from such sources as interest, dividends,
rents, gifts, etc.; while over $6 represented nonmoney income imputed
to home owners or resulting from housing received without direct
money expense.
A comparison of native white complete families with those which
lacked a married couple reveals that 88 percent of the aggregate
income of the former group and only 75 percent of the income of
incomplete families was derived from earnings. Of primary impor
tance in effecting this difference was the contribution of the principal
earner, which constituted eight-tenths of the income of husband-wife
families as compared with six-tenths for the incomplete families.
The proportion of income which consisted of nonearned money
income differed also for the two-family composition groups. Only 7
percent of the aggregate income of the families which included both
husband and wife represented money income other than earnings
while this source contributed 17 percent of the total income of incom
plete families.
Home tenure and income.—Of the West Central-Rocky Mountain
cities studied, Denver contained the lowest proportion of home owners,
41 percent of all families. Home ownership was more frequent among
the foreign born than among the native born. Approximately 55
percent of the foreigners as compared with 39 percent of the natives
owned their living quarters. The presence or absence of a married
couple in the native white families appeared to have little relationship
to the frequency of home ownership.
The proportion of owners among the native white complete fam
ilies increased with each rise in income over $500 until, at the $3,000
and over level, more than three-fifths of the families owned their
homes.
Occupational differences in the relative frequency of home owners
among Denver’s native white nonrelief families with husband and
wife existed for the other cities as well. Ownership was most preva
lent in the classification which included families with no gainfully
employed members; four out of six of these families owned their
homes. Of every six business and professional families, three were
owners while more than two in six of both wage earners and clerical
families reported home ownership.
Home owners in the nonrelief native white complete group secured
a median income of $2,044 which was approximately $500 higher
than the median for renters. These nonrelief renting families paid
an average of $27.40 for monthly rent. Although the average rent
increased with a rise in income level, the ratio of rent to income
became progressively less at each higher income bracket. For all
FAMILY INCOME STRUCTURE BY CITIES
89
renters in the native white complete group, rent amounted to approx
imately two-tenths of family income but in the lowest income class
rent assumed almost six-tenths of current income. At the highest
level only about one-tenth of income was allocated to the housing
item.
Omaha-Council Bluffs
Omaha-Council Bluffs' median family income of $1,375 was approx
imately $100 higher than that of Denver. About 33 percent of these
families received less than $1,000 in income for the year; 73 percent
secured less than $2,000; and 90 percent of all families reported in
comes which were under $3,000.
When analyzed by nativity, the median income of the foreignborn white amounted to $1,367 as compared with the native white
average of $1,415.
If the median is computed for the nonrelief native white families,
containing a married couple, the midpoint in Omaha-Council Bluffs
is raised to $1,733. Of these native white complete families which
were self-supporting, as many attained incomes of $3,000 and over
(14 percent) as had incomes of less than $1,000.
Income of occupational groups.—In Omaha-Council Bluffs there
were slightly greater proportions of families in wage-earning and
clerical pursuits and relatively fewer families in the other occupa
tional groups than in Denver. The wage-earner group in this com
munity made up 46 percent of all families, and received a median
income of $1,125. The 27 percent of Omaha-Council Bluffs wageearner families which received relief represented three-fourths of all
relief families in this community.
The one-fourth of all Omaha-Council Bluffs families which engaged
in clerical occupations secured a median income of $1,704. The fami
lies of business and professional persons, constituting 22 percent of
the families, obtained a median income of $1,946. The retired and
nonemployed families made up the remaining 6 percent of the fam
ilies; they were equally divided between families receiving more and
those receiving less than $404 for the year.
Income of family composition groups.—Families headed by a married
couple represented a slightly larger proportion (four-fifths) of the
native white group of Omaha-Council Bluffs than of the other West
Central-Rocky Mountain cities. Their median income of $1,561 was
almost $600 higher than that of the native incomplete families. Only
14 percent of the complete families, in contrast to 21 percent of the
incomplete received public assistance during the year.
Of the native white complete families, 28 percent consisted of a
husband and wife only (type I) while 20 percent contained an adult
in addition to the married couple (type IV). Among the foreign born,
90
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
however, the families in type IV were approximately as numerous as
those in type I; together the two types comprised one-half of all
foreign-born complete families.
The average size of the native white complete families was 3.6
persons. Relief families averaged 4.3 members while nonrelief families
of all incomes had an average size of only 3.5 and at the income level
of $3,000 and over, 3.8 persons per family.
The highest median income for native white complete families was
found for the family with five or six adults (type VIII). This median
of $2,640 was more than $1,000 higher than the median income for
native white complete families of all types combined.
Sources of family income.—Wages and salaries yielded more than 87
percent of the aggregate income of all families in Omaha-Council
Bluffs. Supplementary earners were relatively more important in
this community than in the other West Central-Rocky Mountain
cities—they contributed over 9 percent of all income. The principal
earners were responsible for approximately 77 percent of the total in
come while slightly more than 1 percent came from earnings not
attributable to individual family members. Of the remaining family
income, more than 5 percent was money income other than earnings
and a little over 7 percent was nonmoney income from housing.
Marked differences were found in the relative importance of the
components of the aggregate incomes of native white families headed
by a married couple and of incomplete native white families. The
former group derived 82 percent of its total income from the earnings
of the principal breadwinner and only 7 percent from secondary
earners; in contrast, 63 percent of the aggregate income of the families
which lacked a married couple, was contributed by the principal earner,
and 14 percent by supplementary earners.
Home tenure and income.—Home owners, who comprised one-half
of Omaha-Council Bluffs families were more prevalent proportionately
among the foreign than among the native white families. Only 44
percent of the native white families in contrast to 71 percent of the
foreign-born white families owned the quarters in which they lived in
1935-36.
Home ownership was more than twice as frequent proportionately
among the nonrelief native white complete families with incomes of
$3,000 and over as it was among families receiving only between $500
and $1,000 in annual income. Of all native white complete families,
44 percent owned homes.
As in Denver, there was a spread of approximately $500 between
the median incomes of Omaha owners ($2,011) and of renters ($1,527)
in the group of nonrelief native white families headed by a married
couple. The average monthly rent paid by the nonrelief families was
$27.40 which amounted to 19 percent of income, figures identical with
FAMILY INCOME STRUCTURE BY CITIES
91
those found in Denver; but, at the highest income levels, rents paid by
Omaha families were slightly lower than those paid by Denver families
with corresponding incomes.
Dubuque
The income data secured in this study placed the families of
Dubuque in the least-favored economic position among the seven
cities surveyed in the West Central-Kocky Mountain region. For all
families, the median income was only $1,001. Thus, almost 50 percent
of the families reported incomes of less than $1,000 for the year;
another 36 percent received incomes between $1,000 and $2,000; and
less than 4 percent attained incomes as high as $3,000.
The contrast between the median income ($973) of the foreign-born
families and that of the native born ($1,004) was less marked in this
city than in the others.
Even when the analysis was confined to nonrelief native white
families containing husband and wife, relatively the most favorably
situated group in all cities surveyed, Dubuque’s median income was
$1,279. Only Springfield, Mo., had a lower median for this group.
Even in this selected group in Dubuque, approximately one-third of
the families received less than $1,000 annual income.
Income of occupational groups.—In Dubuque slightly more than
half of the families were classified in the wage-earner group. These
wage-earner families, 30 percent of which received relief, received a
somewhat lower average income than did wage earners in the other
cities of this region with the exception of Springfield. The median
income of Dubuque wage-earner families was $892. Approximately
one Dubuque family in six was engaged in a clerical pursuit while a
slightly larger proportion of the families derived their incomes from
the business and professional occupations. The median incomes
among these clerical and business or professional families ($1,431 and
$1,557, respectively) were also somewhat lower than in the larger
cities of Denver and Omaha. More than half of the business and
professional families were engaged in independent business enter
prises. Nearly 12 percent—a proportion larger than in the other
communities—of the families in Dubuque were without earnings
from an occupation.
Income of family composition groups.—Large families were more
prevalent in the native white group of Dubuque than in the other
communities and only 22 percent were composed of just the married
couple. One out of every three families contained at least five mem
bers and the average family size was 4.0 persons. The average size
of nonrelief families reached a peak of 4.4 persons at the income level
of $2,000-$2,999, but even these relatively high income families were
92
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
smaller than the relief families which contained an average of 4.6
persons.
When the large families were composed of five or six adults, as in
the case of type VIII, they attained a median income of $1,606,
which was approximately $500 higher than the median for all com
plete families. Moreover, the proportion of families of type VIII
which received relief was smaller than for the other family types, 13
percent as compared with 20 percent for all native complete families.
As in Denver, more than seven-tenths of Dubuque’s white families
included a husband and wife. Although the median income of $1,111
for complete families was low in comparison with the incomes of the
other cities, it was considerably higher than the median of $676 for
the incomplete families in Dubuque
Sources of family income.—A slightly smaller proportion of the total
income of Dubuque families, as compared with families in the other
six communities, was money income (92 percent) and a correspondingly
larger proportion was nonmoney income imputed to home owners or
resulting from housing received without direct money expense (8
percent). The two sources of money income, earnings and nonearned
money income, contributed 85 percent and almost 8 percent, respec
tively, of aggregate income.
The principal earner in Dubuque families provided 75 percent of all
income; other family members working as supplementary earners
supplied 9 percent while the third type of earnings (net revenue from
roomers and boarders and pay for casual work carried on in the home)
accounted for nearly 2 percent of the total.
We find from a comparison on the basis of family composition that
when the native white family includes a husband and wife, more
than eight-tenths of income was contributed by the principal earner
and when the family is incomplete in this sense, only six-tenths of
income was derived from the principal earner. Secondary earners,
however, were of approximately equal importance to the two groups
and contributed 8 percent of income.
Home tenure and income.—Home ownership was reported by 46
percent of all Dubuque families. When analyzed for nativity differ
ences, 60 percent of Dubuque’s foreign-born white families and 44
percent of the native white families were home owners. In this city,
we find that the presence or absence of a married couple in the native
white group is associated with the frequency of ownership. Approxi
mately 53 percent of the incomplete families as compared with 41
percent of the families which included a husband and wife owned
their homes. At the income level of $3,000 and over, however, as
many as 63 percent of the complete families reported home owner
ship—this proportion was approximately twice as great as that for
nonrelief families receiving incomes between $500 and $1,000.
FAMILY INCOME STRUCTURE BY CITIES
93
Nonrelief native white complete families which were owners ob
tained a median income of $1,450 while the renters secured only
$1,176 for the year. The average monthly rent of $20 reported by
the nonrelief families represented almost 18 percent of their income.
Springfield, Mo.
Springfield in its median income of $1,004, as well as in its distri
bution of incomes, resembles Dubuque more than the five other cities
surveyed in the West Central Rocky Mountain region. Again, ap
proximately 50 percent of the families obtained less than $1,000; 34
percent received incomes between $1,000 and $2,000 and only about
5 percent attained incomes as high as $3,000.
Since only 2 percent of the Springfield families were foreign-born
whites, there were insufficient cases upon which to base a comparison
with the native white families, whose median income was $1,023.
Self-supporting native white families including husband and wife
had a median income of $1,315 for the year. The nonrelief families
receiving incomes of less than $1,000 were slightly more numerous,
proportionately, in Springfield than in Dubuque, but this insignificant
difference was more than compensated for by the greater frequency
of Springfield families, as compared with those of Dubuque, which
secured incomes of $2,000 or more.
Income oj occupational groups.—The occupational distribution of
Springfield families is not unlike that of Dubuque, but the incomes
of these various occupational groups were lower in comparison with
the other communities studied in this region. The median income
of Springfield wage earners was $831—the lowest for the seven
cities—and approximately a quarter of these families received relief.
The median income of clerical families was $1,424, and of business
and professional groups $1,451—these medians, too, were lower than
the corresponding ones in any of the other communities. The 8
percent of the families which were either retired, nonemployed, or
farmers obtained a median income of $428.
Income oj family composition groups.—Three out of every four
native white families in Springfield were headed by a married couple.
The median income of $1,157 which was obtained by the complete
families was almost double the average income of the families which
lacked a husband and wife.
The most prevalent family type among the complete group was
that composed of only a husband and wife. Such families constituted
about three-tenths of all complete families; another two-tenths of the
families included one adult member in addition to the married couple.
Springfield had an average size of 3.6 persons per native white
complete family, and, as in the other cities, family size increased
94
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
consistently with income. Half the families in type VIII (five or
six adults) received incomes greater than $1,972, a figure more than
$800 higher than the median for all native white complete families.
Relief recipients were only about half as numerous, proportionately,
among families of type VIII as they were among families of all types
combined.
Sources oj jamily income.—All but 13 percent of the total income
of Springfield families consisted of earnings from gainful occupations.
Less than 8 percent of this aggregate represented money income from
sources other than earnings while 6 percent represented the net
money value of housing received without direct expense to the family.
Of this aggregate, principal earners contributed approximately 78
percent while supplementary earners provided another 8 percent.
Only 1 percent of the aggregate came from earnings not attributable
to individual family members.
As in the other cities of this region, the native white complete
families relied to a greater extent (82 percent of all income) upon
principal earners than did the incomplete families of the same nativity
(59 percent of income).
Home tenure and income.—The incidence of home ownership was
the same for native white complete families as for all Springfield
families (47 percent). In no other West Central-Rocky Mountain
city, did the proportion of home owners among complete families
reach this height. As many as four-tenths of the nonrelief families
receiving incomes of $500 to $1,000 owned their living quarters;
while at the highest income levels, seven out of every ten families
were home owners.
Nonrelief renter families, whose median income was only $1,139 as
compared with $1,527 for owners, spent only 16 percent of their in
come for rent. The average monthly rent of $17 paid by Springfield
families was the lowest average for nonrelief native white complete
families in the seven cities.
Butte
Butte families received a median income of $1,414 which was ex
ceeded only by the average income obtained by families in Billings.
In Butte, incomes under $1,000 were secured by 34 percent of the
families; under $2,000 represented the incomes of 73 percent of the
families; while all but 8 percent of the families received less than
$3,000.
The median income for the native white population, which com
prised only three-fifths of all families in Butte, was $1,444 as com
pared with that of $1,372 for the foreign group. The median income
of nonrelief native white families with husband and wife was $1,817.
Of these latter families, less than one-tenth were in the income
FAMILY INCOME STRUCTURE BY CITIES
95
brackets under $1,000 while approximately 4 percent attained the
income class of $3,000 and over.
Income of occupational groups.—Butte wage earners comprised
slightly more than 55 percent of all the families in this city. Although
over one-third of these wage-earner families received relief at some
time during the year, the median income of wage earners, $1,245,
was higher in Butte than in any of the other communities surveyed
in this region. (See p. 24.) Business and professional groups,
too, had a high median income of $2,075, coming second only to
Billings among the seven communities. They comprised less than
one-fifth of the family population. The two-tenths of the families
which were engaged in clerical pursuits obtained an average income
of $1,832.
Income and family composition.—More than two-thirds of Butte’s
native white families contained both husband and wife. Not only
was their median income of $1,624 approximately double the income
of the families which lacked a married couple but the proportion of
complete families which received public assistance was only half as
great as the proportion of incomplete families securing aid.
Families consisting of only the married couple predominated among
the native white complete group, making up 30 percent of the families.
Next in order of frequency were families with one adult in addition to
the husband and wife (19 percent), but of almost equal importance
numerically were families composed of a married couple with one
child (18 percent).
The average native white complete family contained 3.5 members.
In Butte, families attaining incomes of at least $3,000 averaged 3.8
members, a size equal to that of the relief families.
The five or six adults which comprise family type VIII placed native
white families of this classification in an advantageous position as
measured by the high median income, $2,750, and the very low pro
portion on relief, 2 percent.
Sources of family income.—Approximately 88 percent of the aggre
gate income of all Butte families was derived from occupational earn
ings. About 5 percent of all income was nonearned money income
from such sources as rents, interest, dividends, pensions, etc. ;7 percent
represented nonmoney income from owned homes and rent as pay or
gift.
The contribution of the principal earners amounted to about 80
percent of the total, while supplementary earners added 8 percent of
aggregate income. Less than 1 percent was obtained from the keep
ing of roomers and boarders or from casual work in the home.
Differences in the relative importance of these sources to complete
and incomplete families in the native white group were less marked
than for the other cities. Principal earners, however, provided 71
96
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
percent of the income of the broken families as compared with 86 per
cent of the total income of families which included both husband and
wife. Secondary earners were definitely more important to the incom
plete families than to the families headed by a married couple; supple
mentary earnings constituted 12 percent of the income of incomplete
families as compared with 4 percent of the income of complete
families. There was relatively little difference, however, in the pro
portions which consisted of nonearned money income (6 percent for
the incomplete families and 4 percent for the complete).
Home tenure and income.—Home ownership was reported by 48 per
cent of all Butte families. The proportion of home owners amounted
to 42 percent among native-born families and 56 percent among the
foreign born.
Only 57 percent of the native white complete families which re
ceived $3,000 and over in income were home owners. Although this
proportion was lower than the proportion of home owners among
correspondingly high income families in the other cities, it was con
siderably higher than the percentage of home owners among all
Butte nonrelief families in the native white complete group (42
percent). These home owners obtained a median income of $2,016.
The renters in this group of nonrelief native white complete families
received $1,701 as a median income for the year and allocated 15
percent of this income, or an average of $24.20 per month, to the
housing item.
Pueblo
Half of the families in Pueblo received incomes of less than $1,023
in 1935-36. This median income is little higher than that for Du
buque and Springfield, Mo. As in the other two cities, almost half
of Pueblo’s families reported incomes of less than $1,000 while 36
percent received between $1,000 and $2,000 and only 4 percent had
annual incomes which equalled or exceeded $3,000.
Pueblo had a higher proportion of nonwhite families than the six
other cities surveyed in the West Central-Rocky Mountain region.
The proportion of foreign-born families was substantially higher than
in Dubuque and Springfield, though not higher in the other cities
surveyed in this region. These two racial groups, which together
constituted one quarter of Pueblo’s families, had lower incomes than
native white families. The median income of Pueblo’s foreign-born
white families ($941) was the lowest for this group in the seven cities
studied by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in this area. Native white
families in Pueblo had a median income of $1,137, more than $100
greater than that of native whites in Dubuque and Springfield.
Of the native whites, the families which contained a husband and
wife and which were not dependent on public assistance during the
FAMILY INCOME STRUCTURE BY CITIES
97
year secured a median income of $1,517. Only one-fifth of these lastmentioned families had incomes which were below $1,000 while 7
percent obtained $3,000.
Incomes of occupational groups.—Pueblo families were predomi
nantly in wage-earning pursuits, over 58 percent being so engaged.
One-half of these families secured less than $920 in annual income
and approximately one-third received relief at some time during the
year.
The clerical occupations provided the principal earnings of 13
percent of all families in Pueblo, a somewhat lower percentage from
such occupations than in any of the other West Central-Rocky
Mountain communities surveyed. The median income of this group
was $1,536. Independent business enterprises provided the major
source of earnings for 1 Pueblo family out of 10; about the same
proportion of families were in other business or professional occupa
tions and another tenth were farmers or without gainful employment.
The median income of business and professional families, $1,480, was
second lowest of the seven cities in this region.
Income of family composition groups.—The median income of the
native white families, containing husband and wife, which comprised
three-fourths of Pueblo’s native white group, was $1,277. The re
maining one-fourth of the native white families received a median
income of only $683. Approximately 23 percent of Pueblo’s com
plete families had been on relief at some time during the year. Al
though this proportion was higher than for any of the other seven
cities, it was still considerably lower than the figure for Pueblo’s
incomplete families, of which 38 percent had public assistance.
Three-tenths of the native white complete families consisted of
husband and wife only, while slightly less than two-tenths contained
an adult in addition to the married couple.
As in Butte, the average size of native white complete families
receiving some relief was 3.8 persons as compared with 3.4 persons
among the nonrelief.
Families with five or six adults (type VIII) in Pueblo, as in the other
six cities surveyed by the Bureau of Labor Statistics in this area, were
outstanding with the highest median income ($1,982) and the lowest
proportion of relief recipients (16 percent).
Sources of family income.—Earnings constituted a slightly larger
proportion (almost 89 percent) of the total income of Pueblo families
than they did in the other West Central-Rocky Mountain cities.
Money income other than earnings was a relatively unimportant
source of family revenue, making up less than 5 percent of all income.
Nonmoney income from housing comprised the remainder of the
aggregate income (less than 7 percent).
98
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Supplementary earners contributed a smaller proportion (6 percent)
of aggregate income in Pueblo than in the other six communities.
The principal earners, however, were the source for 81 percent of all
family income. Family enterprises were slightly more productive in
this city than in the others, but still yielded only 2 percent of the total
income.
Native white families with a husband and wife derived a larger
proportion of their income (86 percent) from their principal earners
than did incomplete families (66 percent), but income from roomers
and boarders and from work in the home was much more important
to the incomplete families than to the complete group (7 percent
versus 1 percent).
Home tenure and income.—As in the other cities, home owners who
comprised approximately one-half of Pueblo’s families, were more
prevalent proportionately among the foreign- than among the nativeborn families. Of the foreign-born families, 68 percent as compared
with 45 percent of the native owned the quarters in which they lived
during 1935-36.
The proportion of home owners among the native nonrelief com
plete families at the $500 to $1,000 income level was 33 percent, just
half of the proportion of home owners at the highest income level.
The median income secured by renters in the nonrelief native white
complete group was $1,366, a figure $300 lower than that for owners.
The average monthly rent of $19.50 which was paid by these renting
families amounted to almost 16 percent of income.
Billings
Throughout the analysis, the income of families in the small city of
Billings proved to be consistently higher than those of families in the
other West Central-Rocky Mountain communities surveyed. The
median based on the incomes of all families was $1,572, more than
$150 greater than the next highest median income which was found in
Butte. Less than 30 percent of Billings families received incomes
lower than $1,000; 36 percent realized between $1,000 and $2,000 in
annual income; while as many as 14 percent attained incomes of $3,000
and over.
Billings, as compared with the other cities, showed the greatest
difference between the two nativity groups—the native born having
a median income of $1,628 and the foreign born, of $1,259. Among
native white families, which contained a husband and wife and which
did not receive relief, the median income was $1,947. Only one-tenth
of these families received less than $1,000 income, while two-tenths
attained incomes of at least $3,000.
Income of occupational groups.—Although the wage-earner group in
Billings constituted a lower percentage of its family population than
FAMILY INCOME STRUCTURE BY CITIES
99
did families classified in this group in any other city surveyed in this
region, they still represented two-fifths of the families in the city. As
in the other communities studied, the wage earners were lowest among
the occupational groups with respect to income; their median income
was $1,165.
Clerical occupations, employing 22 percent of all families, yielded
a median family income of $1,878. Independent business families
constituted 16 percent of all Billings families, while the occupational
groups of salaried professional, salaried business, and independent
professional comprised another 15 percent of the family population of
Billings. The median income for the combined business and profes
sional groups was $2,165. The remaining 7 percent of all families
were either farmers or nonemployed; the proportion of farm families
living within the Billings city limits was somewhat higher, at least
among the native white complete group, than in the other cities studied
in this region.
Incom e of fa m ily com position grou p s .—More than three-fourths of
Billings native white families were headed by a married couple.
The median income of these complete families was $1,839, more than
twice as large as the average income of families which lacked a husband
and wife. The proportion of relief families in both the complete and
incomplete groups was the lowest for the seven communities sur
veyed, 9 percent for the husband-wife families and 13 percent for the
broken families.
Although families composed of only a married couple outnumbered
families of any other type, Billings differed from the other cities
surveyed in the region in that families with one child were somewhat
more numerous than families with one adult in addition to the hus
band and wife constituting 20 percent and 19 percent, respectively,
of all families.
Families in Billings had an average size of 3.5 persons. The aver
age of 4.2 persons per relief family was much greater than the average
size of nonrelief families at any income level.
The median income of families with five or six adults (type VIII)
was $2,950, more than $1,000 higher than the average for all complete
native white families. Only 3 percent of these families which con
tained five or six adults had recourse to public assistance during the
year.
Sources of fa m ily in com e .—Approximately 86 percent of the aggre
gate income of families in Billings was derived from occupational
earnings. As in Denver and Springfield, the nonearned money
income of Billings families comprised a larger portion of their aggre
gate income (8 percent) than did nonmoney income from housing
(6 percent).
100
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Principal earnings accounted for 76 percent of the income of these
families, while supplementary earnings constituted less than 8 percent
of aggregate income. Almost 2 percent of the income was earned
revenue from family enterprises.
A comparison of native white complete families with those which
lacked a husband or wife reveals even greater differences in the relative
importance of sources of earnings than in the other cities. Whereas
81 percent of the income of the complete families was provided by
the principal earner, only 55 percent of the income of broken families
came from this source. About 21 percent of the income of the incom
plete families was nonearned money income as compared with only
6 percent of the income of families containing a married couple.
Home tenure and income.—Home ownership was reported by 42
percent of all Billings families. As in the other West Central-Rocky
Mountain communities, the incidence of home ownership was greater
among the foreign-born white group than among the native, but,
unlike the other cities, the complete families in the native white
group were home owners more frequently than the incomplete families
(42 percent versus 37 percent).
Although home owners comprised only 21 percent of the nonrelief
complete families with incomes of less than $500 and 26 percent of
those receiving incomes between $500 and $1,000, almost two-thirds
of the families attaining incomes of at least $3,000 were owners.
Billings showed the greatest difference with respect to incomes of
owners and renters among the nonrelief native white complete
families—the former group secured a median income of $2,384 as
compared with $1,730 for tenants. The average monthly rent of
$29.90 which was reported by these families was higher than the
averages reported in the other cities but amounted to less than 19
percent of income. At the income level of $5,000 and over, Billings
rents averaged less than those in all cities except Springfield and
Pueblo, and represented not quite 7 percent of income.
Chapter V IE
Summary
In this final chapter, we abandon the technique used in the preceding
pages of analysing such factors as nativity, family composition, and
occupation over the entire income range, and shall summarize the
characteristics of all the families within certain broad income bands.
For this treatment, families have been grouped into four income classes:
(1) under $1,000; (2) $l,000-$2,000; (3) $2,000-$3,000; (4) $3,000
and over.1
Families with incomes of less than $1 flOO.—The following discussion
of families receiving incomes of less than $1,000 during the year
includes as many as one-half of all families in Dubuque, Springfield, and Pueblo. In the other four communities, families in this
lowest income group were proportionately less numerous; in Billings
as few as three-tenths of the families were included.
Although Negro and other color families, as well as the foreign
born tended to be more prevalent at this low income level than at
higher levels, the families with incomes of less than $1,000 were never
theless predominantly native-born white. From 6 out of 10 (Butte)
to more than 9 out of 10 (Springfield) of the families under con
sideration were native white. Foreign-born white families comprised
as much as four-tenths of the group in Butte but the proportion was
considerably lower in the other communities, being as small as 2
percent in Springfield. Negro and other color families formed a
negligible proportion of this group in most of the cities but repre
sented almost one-seventh of the Pueblo families which received less
than $1,000.
The majority of the families receiving less than $1,000 in annual
income derived their chief earnings from wage-earner pursuits. In
Denver and in Billings wage-earner families comprised 53 percent
and 56 percent, respectively, of the group, but in the other five com
munities between 60 and 64 percent of these low income families were
in the wage-earner classification. One or two out of every 10 families
at this income level had no gainfully employed members or engaged in
farming. Families engaged in independent business were next most
important numerically, constituting from 8 percent in Butte to 15
percent in Billings of all families with incomes under $1,000. Most
1 Supporting data for this “horizontal” presentation will in general, be found in the Tabular Summary
rather than in the text tables of the preceding chapters.
101
102
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
of these families were operating small-scale businesses which yielded
low or irregular returns or were occupied primarily in keeping roomers
and boarders. Almost as numerous as these entrepreneurs were the
families of clerical workers. Between 6 and 12 percent of the families
at this income level were in the clerical classification. Of the remain
ing 1 to 3 percent of these families, salaried professionals tended to
be more numerous than were independent professional or salaried
business families.
Native white families which lacked a married couple made up a
larger sector of the group having incomes less than $1,000 than of the
group at succeeding income levels. Between 25 and 38 percent of all
of the families at the lowest rung of the income ladder were incomplete
native white families. The concentration at the lowest income level
of the broken families is to be expected since many of them have lost
their chief breadwinner.
But it is the native white complete families which comprised the
largest portion of the group having incomes under $1,000 and which
will be analyzed in greater detail in the remainder of this section.
Native white families containing both a husband and wife represented,
roughly, four-tenths of the families with incomes of less than $1,000
in Denver, Omaha, Pueblo, and Billings; six-tenths in Springfield;
five-tenths in Dubuque; but less than three-tenths in Butte.
As would be expected, nearly all of the families which received
rel:ef at some time during the year were concentrated in this bottom
income class. Of the native white complete families receiving less
tl an $1,000 income, only about one-tnird (Butte) to two-thirds
(Springfield) had been self-supporting during the entire year.
These nonrelief families contained an average of 3.0 persons in
Denver to 3.6 persons in Dubuque and wTere considerably smaller than
the average relief family or the families at the higher income levels.
The small size of the nonrelief families in the native white complete
group is associated with the low average number of earners per
family. For the group under consideration, the number of earners
averaged about one per family.
The need for multiple earners to contribute to the family exchequer
is readily apparent when one notes that the earnings of principal
breadwinners, in the nonrelief native white complete families at this
low income level, averaged only between $586 (Springfield) and $697
(Omaha-Council Bluffs). But a relatively small proportion of these
families had supplementary earners. In Butte only 1 percent of the
families had earnings from members other than the chief breadwinner;
in the other cities, however, the proportion was considerably higher,
ranging from 8 percent in Dubuque and Pueblo to 17 percent in Springfield. The contributions of these secondary earners was over $100
in each community except Billings, where it was only $89. Omaha
SUMMARY
103
supplementary earners added, on the average, $124 to family income
during the year; those in Butte provided $179, with the other four
cities falling in between these extremes.
Much of the difference between the average earnings of principal
and of supplementary earners is explainable on the basis of the sex
of the worker. More than nine-tenths of the chief breadwinners were
males. Women, on the other hand, were relatively important in
supplementing family income and comprised more than half of the
secondary earner group in four of the cities.
Renters outnumbered home owners among the native white com
plete families which were self-supporting on an income under $1,000.
Owners were least frequent, proportionately, in Billings where they
comprised fewer than 3 in 10 families, and most frequent in Springfield
where 4 out of every 10 families owned their homes. Renting families
in Billings paid the highest average monthly rent, $20.50, an amount
which represented well over a third of their average monthly incomes.
At the other extreme, the lowest average rent of $12.15 which was
paid by Springfield tenants amounted to less than one-fourth of their
incomes.
Families with incomes from $1,000 to $2fl00 .—Families receiving
incomes between $1,000 and $2,000 comprised between 34 percent and
40 percent of all families in these West Central-Rocky Mountain com
munities. In Omaha, Butte, and Billings, families at this income level
were more numerous than were families having less than $1,000 in
income for the year.
Although the nativity of families wThich secured incomes between
$1,000 and $2,000 showed the same intercity variation as was evidenced
among families in the bottom income class, the group now under con
sideration was more predominantly native white. Except in Butte,
where only 62 percent of the families were native-born white, at least
three out of every four families were of a white race and had been
born in this country. In Springfield, native white families comprised
as much as 95 percent of the total family population of the city.
At this income level as well as at the bottom one, wage-earner
families predominated. They were least numerous, proportionately,
in the large city of Denver but even here wage-earner occupations
accounted for more than four-tenths of the families, and most numer
ous in Butte, where 6 out of every 10 families were dependent pri
marily upon wage earners. At this income level, unlike the one
already discussed, families of farmers and families without earnings
from occupation were relatively infrequent, comprising less than 5
percent of all families.
Clerical families were much more numerous at this income bracket
from $1,000 to $2,000; between two-tenths and three-tenths of the
families received the major part of their earnings from clerical occu78127°—40------8
104
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
pations. The proportion of independent business families, however,
did not differ greatly from that found among families having less
than $1,000. Even when grouped together professional and salaried
business occupations engaged relatively few of the families receiving
incomes between $1,000 and $2,000, the proportion varying from 6
to 12 percent in the communities.
Restricting our further analysis to the native white families which
included both husband and wife—a group comprising between fiveand eight-tenths of the family population—we find that only 2 percent
to 8 percent required public assistance when their incomes were from
$1,000 to $2,000. In each city, nonrelief families at this income level
were larger than at the lowest level. The average size of the self-sup
porting complete family reached 4.0 in Dubuque but was considerably
lower in the other communities, ranging between 3.2 and 3.5.
As would be expected more earners per family were required to
attain incomes of $1,000 to $2,000 than of less than $1,000. In
Butte there was an average of 1.1 earners to each native white com
plete family which did not receive relief, while in Springfield the
average reached 1.3 earners per family. But the lower number of
earners in Butte was compensated for by the high average earnings
of the principal earner ($1,410) as compared with the average in
Springfield of only $1,237.
Although home ownership was more prevalent at this income level
than at the level of under $1,000, only in Springfield did as many as
one-half of the native white nonrelief families containing a married
couple own their homes. In the other communities, between 53
percent and 68 percent of the families were renters. Tenants paid an
average monthly rent ranging from $17.85 in Springfield to $26.80
in Billings. This amount for the year represented between 15 and
22 percent of their annual income.
Families with incomes from $2,000 to $3,000.—Only one or two
families out of every 10 attained incomes within the range of $2,000
to $3,000. Such families were relatively twice as numerous in
Billings as in Dubuque, Pueblo, and Springfield.
The nativity composition did not differ consistently in the several
cities from that found at the lower income levels; but in Dubuque,
Springfield, and Butte, the foreign born were slightly more frequent,
proportionately, among families having $2,000 to $3,000 in income
than among families receiving less than $2,000.
In four of the communities, wage earners yielded precedence, as
measured by relative frequency, to the clerical group. These two
occupational classifications together accounted for approximately
six-tenths to seven-tenths of the families securing incomes between
$2,000 and $3,000. Although independent business families were
somewhat more numerous at this income level than in the lower
STJMMAKY
105
brackets, the most marked difference occurred in the classifications
of professional and salaried business. Approximately, one out of
every four or five of these familes engaged in professional or in salaried
business activities—a proportion at least double that found among
families receiving income of $1,000 to $2,000.
The average size of the native white nonrelief family with husband
and wife ranged between 3.3 in Denver and 4.4 in Dubuque. To
attain the $2,000 to $3,000 income class, roughly, two- to three-tenths
of these families depended upon more than one earner. The money
earnings of the chief breadwinner averaged between $1,879 and
$2,083, amounts approximately three or four times as great as the
average contribution of supplementary earners.
In each community more than one-half of the native white non
relief complete families were home owners. The rents paid by tenant
families showed an intercity variation of not more than $10, for the
averages. As in the income brackets previously discussed, the lowest
rents were paid in Springfield (averaging $25.55 per month) and the
highest in Billings (averaging $35.70 per month). But in each com
munity, these rents represented less than one-fifth of income and
the ratio of rent to income was as low as 13 percent in Springfield.
Families with incomes oj $3,000 or more.—Only in Denver, OmahaCouncil Bluffs, and Billings did as many as one-tenth of the families
secure incomes of $3,000 or more. In Dubuque, Springfield, and
Pueblo not even one family out of twenty attained this upper income
class while in Butte the ratio was somewhat higher (1 in 12).
Families receiving as much as $3,000 were predominantly in the
native white group. Even in Butte, where nearly two-fifths of all
families were foreign born, three out of every four families in this
highest income bracket were native-born white. In Springfield the
foreign born in this income bracket were slightly more numerous,
proportionately, than they had been at any lower level but they still
comprised less than 10 percent of the family population.
Showing a distinct contrast to the occupational distribution of
families with less than $3,000 income for the year, we find that in
five of the West Central-Rocky Mountain communities, two-thirds
of the families which attained incomes of $3,000 and over were in
business and professional occupations. In Omaha and Butte, busi
ness and professional families were slightly less predominant, con
stituting 57 and 51 percent, respectively, of the families at this
income level. Of the four business and professional classifications,
salaried business claimed the most families, with independent busi
ness, salaried professional, and independent professional following in
the order named.
Between 14 percent (Dubuque) and 27 percent (Omaha-Council
Bluffs) of these families derived their chief earnings from clerical
106
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
pursuits. Wage-earner families tended to be slightly less numerous
than the families of clerical workers and were definitely less numerous
than they had been at the lower income brackets. Only from 8
percent (Denver) to 21 percent (Butte) of the families receiving in
comes as high as $3,000 were in wage-earner occupations.
From six-tenths to slightly over eight-tenths of all families with
$3,000 or more in income were native white families containing both
husband and wife; it is with these families that the remainder of the
chapter will be concerned. These families were larger than the
average nonrelief families at lower income levels; they included an
average of 3.5 to 4.3 persons with additional adult members largely
accounting for the increase. A corresponding increase in the number
of earners in these families, as compared with lower income families,
was apparent. Whereas the income group under $1,000 averaged
only about three earners to every three families, in the highest in
come bracket there was an average of four or five earners to every
three families. But even without these additional earners, the aver
age earnings of the chief breadwinners (ranging from $3,210 to $4,035)
would have been sufficient to place the families at the top of the
income scale. Supplementary earners contributed an average of
between $800 and $950—an amount considerably greater than the
average earnings of principal earners in families with incomes of less
than $1,000.
Associated with rise in income level, the increase in home owner
ship reaches the peak at the $3,000 and over income bracket. In
these seven West Central-Rocky Mountain communities, from
slightly less than six-tenths to more than seven-tenths of the native
white complete families at this level were home owners. Of the
renting families, those in Springfield and Butte paid the lowest aver
age rent of approximately $34. The highest rents were paid by
Denver families and averaged $48.33. At this income level, the rent
item in the family budget consumed a much smaller proportion of
total income than it did at the lower levels, amounting to between
11 percent and 14 percent of income.
TA B U LA R SU M M ARY
Tables presented on the following pages show the distribution of
families by income class, by family type, by occupational group, and
by color and nativity group in seven cities in the West CentralRocky Mountain region:
Large cities
Denver, Colo.
Omaha, Nebr.-Council
Bluffs, Iowa.
Middle-sized cities
Springfield, Mo.
Pueblo, Colo.
Dubuque, Iowa.
Butte, Mont.
Small city
Billings, Mont.
Data on family income, earners, and housing are shown according to
these major classifications. The tables are presented in three sections.
Section A tables show the estimated distribution of all families, ac
cording to income, color, nativity group, and occupational group in
each of the cities.
Section B tables present data only for the native white “complete”
families—those including both husband and wife. The collection of
expenditure data, presented in volume II, was limited to families in
this group. The size of this sample from which families were selected
to give expenditure data was, therefore, made substantially larger
than other samples. The tables in this section accordingly are more
complete and detailed than those in sections A and C. (For a dis
tribution of the native white complete families according to the periods
covered by the report year, see table 19.)
Section C tables present summarized data similar to those presented
in more detail for the native white complete families in section B for
the following color and nativity groups:
Native white incomplete families.
Foreign-born white complete and incomplete families.
Negro complete and incomplete families.
Families of other color, complete and incomplete.
The data in the tables of sections B and C form the basis for the esti
mated frequency distribution of all families given in section A tables.
Averages.—Unless otherwise specified on the table, averages reported
in the tables are based on all families scheduled at the given income
level, regardless of whether each family reported data contributing to
the particular average. In order to obtain an average only for fami
lies reporting data for a specified item, multiply the average for all
families by the total number of families in the income class and divide
107
108
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
the resulting aggregate by the number of families in the income class
reporting the specific item.
A discussion of the sampling methods employed in securing the
data recorded in these tables will be found in appendix B.
SECTION A . A L L FAMILIES
Estimated Distribution by Income, Color, N ativity Group,
and Occupational Group, 1935-36
The three tables in this section present estimated distributions of
native white, foreign-born white, Negro and other color families in
each of the seven cities in the West Central-Rocky Mountain region
by income class, color and nativity group, and occupational group.
Samples of varying size were secured for each of the nativity groups.
The frequencies of families in these samples as reported in sections B
and C of the Tabular Summary form the basis upon which the dis
tributions shown in the following section A tables were estimated.
In order to obtain these approximate total distributions the following
weights were applied to the individual samples:
City
Denver, Colo......................................................
Omaha, Nebr.-Council Bluffs, Iowa............
Springfield, M o________________________
Pueblo, Colo........................................................
Dubuque, Iowa______ _________ _________
Butte, M ont_________ ______ ______ ____ _
Billings, M ont................................. ...................
Native
Native
Foreignwhite
white
complete incomplete born white
5. 734601
3.401930
1.823845
1. 220853
1.152405
1.113960
1.954194
39. 583673
41.112000
17. 719047
15. 270967
14. 505319
16.093220
5. 597561
32.439732
36.135071
13. 703703
12.108695
11.427480
12.908127
4.264550
Negro
43.317073
36.081632
15.409090
11.368421
Other color
16.890410
11.372549
It is not to be assumed that the data are accurate to the number of
digits shown in these weights, but in order to make the separate in
come classes add up to the totals estimated for each community these
weights with six decimal places should be used. For a description of
the method used in securing these weights, see appendix B on sampling
procedures.
109
TABULAR SUMMARY
CONTENTS
Billings, Mont.
Butte, Mont.
Dubuque, Iowa
Pueblo, Colo.
Springfield, Mo.
Denver, Colo.
Table
Omaha, Nebr.-Council
Bluffs, Iowa
Page
1. N ativity G roups by I ncom e : Es
timated number of families of
specified color and nativity, by
income, 1935-36_______________ _ 109 111 112 114 115 117 118
2. O ccupational G roups by I nco m e :
Estimated number of families of
specified occupational groups, by
income, 1935-36_________________ 110 111 113 114 116 117 119
3. N ativity G roups by O c cupatio n :
Estimated number of families of
specified color and nativity, by
occupational group, 1935-36_____ j 110 112 113 115 116 118 119
D EN VER , COLO.
T a ble 1 .—Nativity g ro u p s
by in c o m e : Estimated number of families of specified
color and nativity, by income, 1935—361
[Belief and nonrelief families]
Native white
Income class
All
(l)
(2)
(3)
14,913
71,182
86,095
5, 587
7,217
9,229
9, 861
10, 247
7, 599
6,993
5,876
5, 318
3, 557
5,078
2,998
1,947
2,062
2, 526
11,353
57,200
68, 553
3,949
5,417
6, 755
7,810
7,703
6,236
5,830
4,804
4, 507
3,103
4, 300
2,576
1,493
1,802
2,268
Relief families........................
Nonrelief families..................
All families.................................... .
$0-$249..............................................
$250-$499_____________ _______
$500-$749_____________________
$750-$999______________ ____ $1,000-$1,249_...............................
$1,250-$! ,499________ _________
$1,500-$1,749.....................................
$1,750-$1,999 .............................
$2,000-$2,249
$2,250-$2,499 ______________
$2,500-$2,999
$3,000-$3,499 .................................
$3,500-$3,999 ........ ....................
$4,000-14,999 ........ ......................
$5,000 and over
_________
All
Foreignborn
white
Complete Incom
plete
(5)
(4)
(6)
6,801
42, 356
49,157
1, 336
2, 724
4,301
4,960
5,764
4,811
4,840
4, 210
3,716
2,470
3, 469
2,100
1, 255
1,486
1,715
4, 552
14, 844
19, 396
2,613
2,693
2,454
2,850
1,939
1,425
990
594
791
633
831
476
238
316
553
1,946
12, 587
14, 533
1,038
1,005
1,688
1, 784
2,303
1,233
1,103
942
811
454
778
422
454
260
258
Negro
Other
color
(7)
(8)
736
1,040
1, 776
347
390
347
216
193
110
43
130
878
355
1, 233
253
405
439
51
48
20
17
i A family is classified as native if both husband and wife are native born (or, in the case of an incomplete
family, if the head is native born); otherwise, the family is classified as foreign born. A family is classified
as a complete family if it includes both husband and wife, and as an incomplete family if it does not include
both husband and wife. Single individuals are included in the incomplete families. See appendix B for
further explanations.
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
110
DEN VER , COLO.
2 . —Occupational
groups by Income: Estimated number of families of
specified occupational groups, by income, 1985-86
T able
{Relief and nonrelief families]
Business and pro fessional
Income class
(1)
All families----------------------$0-$249........................................
$250-$499__________ _______
$500-$749....................................
$750-$999................. ..................
$1,000-$1,249...................... .
$1,250-11,499..............................
$1,500-$1,749............................$1,750-$1,999..............................
$2,000-$2,249..............................
$2,250-$2,499..............................
$2,500-$2,999...........................
$3,000-$3,499............................
$3,500-$3,999...........................
$4,000-$4,999...........-.................
$5,000 and over............. ...........
Wage Cleri
earner cal
All
(2)
(3)
(4)
Independent
All
(5)
Salaried
Busi Profes Busi Profes
ness sional ness sional
(7)
(6)
(8)
(9)
86,095 34, 509 18, 696 24,475 11, 655
667
565
159
5, 587 1,437
998
7, 217 4, 229
459 1,110
997 1,333 1,023
9, 229 5,602
9,861 5,593 2,074 1, 654 1,146
10, 247 5,006 2,464 2,288 1,554
7, 599 3,233 2,282 1,826 1,052
939
6,993 2,830 2,265 1, 716
847
5, 876 2,008 1,860 1. 849
648
5, 318 1, 738 1, 708 1, 721
497
3, 557
854 1,073 1, 551
726
5,078 1,199 1,442 2,301
390
454
883 1, 592
2,998
333
1,947
527 1,199
198
356
2,062
122
377 1,432
581
2, 526
126 2,236
6
1,804
6
6
11
130
115
113
40
128
92
109
114
172
136
200
432
5,091
50
57
91
125
149
228
395
426
391
364
532
578
365
572
768
5, 925
46
49
208
253
470
433
342
448
590
581
929
452
365
304
455
Other!
(10)
8.415
3,324
1,419
1, 297
540
489
258
182
159
151
79
136
69
23
131
158
i This group contains families engaged in farming and families having no gainfully employed members
D EN VER , COLO.
T able
3.—Nativity
groups by occupation: Estimated number of families of
specified color and nativity, by occupational group, 1985—36
[Relief and nonrelief families]
N ative white
Occupational group
All
( 1)
( )
All families..........................
Wage earner_____ ______
Clerical....................-...........
Independent business___
Independent professional.
Salaried business________
Salaried professional____
Other....................................
2
86,095
34,509
18, 696
11,655
1,804
5,091
5,925
8,415
All
(3)
68. 553
26,927
16,090
8, 589
1,674
4, 594
5,114
5, 565
Complete Incom
plete
(4)
(5)
49,157
20, 673
11, 538
6,452
1,238
3,842
3, 332
2,082
19. 396
6,254
4, 552
2,137
436
752
1, 782
3, 483
Foreignborn
white
Negro
Other
color
6
(7)
( )
( )
14, 533
6,099
2, 563
2,919
130
454
811
1, 557
1, 776
1,213
43
130
43
347
8
L, 233
270
17
946
111
TABULAR SUMMARY
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
T able 1 .—Nativity groups by income: Estimated number of families of specified
color and nativity, by income, 1985-86 1
[Relief and nonrelief fami’ies]
Native white
Income class
All
(1)
(2)
(3)
Com
plete
(4)
10,901
54,812
65, 713
3,087
4,393
7,093
6,893
8,083
6,635
6,034
5,504
4,256
3,216
4,208
2,258
1,550
1,274
1,229
7,6<s6
41,010
48,696
1,967
3,309
4,889
4,689
6,241
4,937
4,324
4,070
3,296
2, 519
3,154
1,861
1,369
1,058
1,013
5,507
32,911
38,418
939
1,994
3,079
3, 579
4,719
3,950
3,872
3,535
2,844
2,313
2,908
1,656
1,041
976
1,013
Relief families......................___________
Nonrelief families......................................
All families. . . ........ .................... ......................
$0-$249..................................................................
$250-$499.......................................................
$500-$749_________ _____________________
$750-$999.............................................................
$1,000-$1,249.......................................................
$1,250-$1,499__________ ____________ _____
$1,500-$1,749.......................................................
$1,750-$1,999_____ ___________ _____ _____
$2,000-$2,249____ _______________________
$2,250-$2,499_________ ___________________
$2,500-$2,999................................................
$3,000-$3,499........................................................
$3,500-$3,999........................................................
$4,000-$4,999........................................................
$5,000 and over ________________________
All
Incom
plete
(5)
Foreignborn
white
Negro
(6)
(7)
2,179
8,099
10,278
1,028
1,315
1,810
1,110
1,522
987
452
535
452
206
246
205
328
82
2,385
12,864
15,249
795
867
1,771
1,771
1,662
1,626
1,662
1,410
940
687
1,048
397
181
216
216
830
938
1,768
325
217
433
433
180
72
48
24
20
10
6
i A family is classified as native if both husband and wife are native born (or, in the case of an incomplete
family, if the head is native born); otherwise, the family is classified as foreign born. A family is classified as
a complete family if it includes both husband and wife, and as an incomplete family if it does not include
both husband and wife. Single individuals are included in the incomplete families. See appendix B for
further explanations.
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
T able
2 .—Occupational groups by income: Estimated number of families of
specified occupational groups, by income, 1935-86
[Relief and nonrelief families]
Business and professional
Income class
(1)
All families...............................
$0-$249........................................
$250-$499....................................
$500-$749....................................
$750-$999....................................
$1,000-$1,249_______________
$1,250-$1,499............................
$1,500-SI,749.............................
$1,750-$1,999.............................
$2,000-$2,249.............................
$2,250-$2,499.................. ...........
$2,500-$2,999..............................
$3,000-$3,499..............................
$3,500-$3,999.............................
$4,000-$4,999..............................
$5,000 and over.........................
All
(2)
Wage Cleri
earner cal
(3)
(4)
Independent
All
(5)
65, 713 30, 578 16,624 14,379
3,087 1,229
193
87
439
4,393 2,934
227
690 1,036
7,093 4,709
6,893 4,308 1,303 1,041
8,083 4,210 2,364 1,302
6,635 3,231 2,092 1,111
6,058 2,984 1,896 1,094
5,480 2,150 1,951 1,240
4, 256 1,816 1,500
875
3,216 1,105 1,286
815
4,208 1,098 1,497 1,693
2,258
448
783
945
210
436
860
1, 550
1,274
373
761
133
1,229
13
139 1,074
Salaried
Other1
Busi Profes Busi Profes
ness sional ness sional
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
7,028
183
411
941
763
806
609
576
495
366
196
674
246
194
242
326
1,072
3,542
7
10
14
27
101
54
41
27
73
208
95
130
92
193
7
27
34
135
141
244
395
225
330
490
383
345
299
487
2,737
10
14
58
230
334
260
220
309
257
216
221
221
191
128
68
4,132
1,578
793
658
241
207
201
84
139
6£
1C
21
82
44
1
i This group contains families engaged in farming and families having no gainfully employed members
112
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
T able 3, —Nativity
groups by occupation: Estimated number of families of
specified color and nativity, by occupational group, 1935-36
[Relief and nonrelief families]
-
Native white
Occupational group
All
0)
(2)
(3)
Com
plete
(4)
65, 713
30, 578
16,624
7,028
1,072
3,542
2,737
4,132
48, 696
21,474
13,950
4,427
783
3,072
2,376
2,614
38,418
17,938
10,784
3,276
742
3,031
1,718
929
All families.......................................................—
Wage earner...................................................... .
Clerical-------------------- ---------------------------Independent business......................................
Independent professional________________
Salaried business_______________________
Salaried professional.........................................
Other....................................................................
AAJ11i
Incom
plete
(5)
10,278
3, 536
3,166
1,151
41
41
658
1,685
Foreignborn
white
Negro
(6)
(7)
15, 249
7,841
2,638
2,385
289
470
253
1,373
1,768
1,263
36
216
108
145
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
T able 1. —Nativity groups by income: Estimated number of families of specified
color and nativity, by income, 1935-36 1
[Relief and nonrelief families]
Native white
Income class
All
0)
(2)
(3)
Com
plete
(4)
2,700
13,955
16, 655
1,381
2, 652
2, 211
2,053
1,897
1,391
1,254
1,120
732
472
690
286
204
174
138
2, 460
13,147
15, 607
1,141
2, 472
2.066
1.962
1,791
1,333
1, 211
1,060
709
466
662
265
184
161
124
1,663
10,223
11,886
574
1,498
1,464
1,536
1,383
1,138
1,016
954
656
431
555
265
166
126
124
Relief families.............................................
Nonrelief families.....................................
All families..................................... - ...................
$0-$249_............................................................. ..
$250-$499...............................................................
$500-$749_..................... ........................... ...........
$750-$999_ .............................................................
$1,000-$1,249........................................................
$1,250-$1,499.................. .....................................
$1,500-$1,749................ .....................................
$1,750-$l,999........................................................
$2,000-$2,249......................................................
$2,250-$2,499........................................................
$2,500-$2,999................ ......................................
$3,000-$3,499............................................... .........
$3,500-$3,999 .....................................................
$4,000-$4,999......................................... .............
$5,000 and over
____________________
All
Incom
plete
(5)
797
2,924
3,721
567
974
602
426
408
195
195
106
53
35
107
18
35
Foreignborn
white
Negro
(6)
(7)
55
315
370
55
41
68
14
14
27
28
14
7
6
28
21
20
13
14
185
493
678
185
139
77
77
92
31
15
46
16
1 A family is classified as native if both husband and wife are native born (or, in the case of an incomplete
family, if the head is native born): otherwise, the family is classified as foreign born. A family is classified
as a complete family if it includes both husband and wife, and as an incomplete family if it does not include
both husband and wife. Single individuals are included in the incomplete families. See appendix B for
further explanations.
113
TABULAR SUMMARY
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
2.—Occupational
groups by income: Estimated number of families of
specified occupational groups, by income, 1935-86
T able
[Relief and nonrelief families]
Business and pro fessional
All
Income class
Wage Cleri
earner cal
Independent
All
Salaried
Other !
Busi- Profes Busi Profes
ness sional ness sional
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
All families...............................
$0-$249____________________
$250-$499_______ __________
$500-$749________ _________
$750-$999__________________
$1,000-$1,249_______________
$1,250-$1,499_______________
$1,500-$1,749______ ________
$1,750-$1,999____ __________
$2,000-$2,249____ __________
$2,250-$2,499_______________
$2,500-$2,999______ ________
$3,000-$3,499_________ _____
$3,500-$3,999 ______________
$4,000-$4,999____ __________
$5,000 and over........................
16, 655
1,381
2, 652
2,211
2,053
1,897
1,391
1,254
1,120
738
466
690
292
198
174
138
8,876
712
1,949
1,361
1, 280
1,019
703
581
510
290
148
185
78
42
14
4
2,831
53
124
266
402
343
327
329
332
215
130
184
66
20
33
7
3, 693
183
306
355
298
436
334
286
267
228
186
296
144
122
125
127
1,952
179
248
289
217
248
169
133
98
49
93
96
46
26
30
31
(7)
(8)
240
2
5
20
4
38
2
15
16
20
20
26
7
18
14
33
(9)
668
833
2
44
32
53
112
87
80
98
108
31
101
25
9
37
14
9
14
24
38
76
58
55
51
42
73
66
69
44
49
(10)
1,255
433
273
229
73
99
27
58
11
5
2
25
4
14
2
i This group contains families engaged in farming and families having no gainfully employed members.
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
T able
3.—Nativity
groups by occupation: Estimated number of families of
specified color and nativity, by occupational group, 1935-36
[Relief and nonrelief families)
Native white
Occupational group
All
(1)
(2)
(3)
Com
plete
(4)
16, 655
8,876
2,831
1,952
240
668
833
1, 255
15, 607
8,172
2,763
1,880
240
654
757
1,141
11,886
6, 666
2,178
1,295
204
619
456
468
All families_____________________________
Wage earner____________________________
Clerical.................................................................
Independent business__________________
Independent professional
___ _ ___
Salaried business________________________
Salaried professional____________________
Other........................................ ............................
All
Incom
plete
(6)
3,721
1,506
585
585
36
35
301
673
Foreignborn
white
Negro
(6)
(7)
370
165
68
41
14
14
68
678
539
31
62
46
114
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
PUEBLO , COLO.
Estimated number of families of specified
color and nativity, by income, 1935-S6 1
T a b l e 1. — N a tiv ity g ro u p s b y in c o m e :
[Relief and nonrelief families]
Native white
Income class
All
1
( )
All
(3)
2
( )
3,684
9,253
12,937
1,091
1,506
2,130
1,606
1,499
1,320
1,028
846
630
427
393
193
128
107
47
Relief families___
Nonrelief families.
All families........... .......
$0-$249............................
$250-$499............. ..........
$500-$749____________
$750-$999.................— .
$1,000-$1,249 ________
$1,250-$l,499_________
$1,500-$l, 749_________
$1,750-$1,999..................
$2,000~$2,249..................
$2,250-$2,499............
$2,500-$2,999..................
$3,000-$3.499.................
$3,500-$3,999_________
$ 4, 000- $ 4,999______________
$5,000 and over........... .
Complete
(4)
2,616
7,081
9,697
751
942
1,411
1,177
1,034
995
931
774
558
352
369
181
92
83
47
Foreignborn
white
Incom
plete
(5)
1,715
5,615
7,330
262
560
983
856
912
842
794
667
451
337
293
166
92
68
47
( 6)
901
1,466
2, 367
489
382
428
321
122
153
137
107
107
15
76
15
15
557
1,671
2,228
158
291
424
315
351
291
97
72
72
61
24
12
36
24
Negro
and
other
color3
(7)
511
501
1,012
182
273
295
114
114
34
i A family is classified as native if both husband and wife are native born (or, in the case of an incomplete
family, if the head is native born); otherwise, the family is classified as foreign born. A family is classified
as a complete family if it includes both husband and wife, and as an incomplete family if it does not include
both husband and wife. Single individuals are included in the incomplete families. See appendix B for
further explanations.
3 This group includes 432 Negro families and 580 families of other color.
PUEBLO , COLO.
Estimated number of families of
specified occupational groups, by income, 1935-36
T a b l e 2.— O c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p s by in c o m e :
[Relief and nonrelief families]
Business and professional
Income class
A ll
(1)
(2)
All families................................
$0-$249......................................
$250-$499....................................
$500-$749....................................
$750-$999....................................
$1,000-$1,249..............................
$1,250-$1,499..............................
$1,500-$1,749..............................
$1,750-$1,999..............................
$2,000-$2,249..............................
$2,250-$2,499.............................
$2,500-$2,999..............................
$3,000-$3,499..............................
$3,500-$3,999..............................
$4,000~$4,999.............................
$5,000 and over.........................
12,937
1,091
1,506
2,130
1,606
1,499
1,320
1,028
846
630
420
386
193
128
107
47
Wage Cleri
earner cal
Independent
All
Salaried
Other»
Busi Profes Busi Profes
ness sional ness sional
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
7,448
229
1,066
1,683
1,100
930
817
528
426
271
199
115
38
35
10
1
1,704
36
25
98
222
251
185
245
212
165
92
105
51
9
6
2
2, 503
73
200
249
204
276
271
251
189
188
122
158
103
84
91
44
1,329
72
166
170
148
222
120
94
73
71
37
32
23
42
40
19
(7)
(8)
102
467
13
5
1
2
4
8
6
11
6
10
7
9
11
9
2
4
11
21
53
67
58
37
38
62
57
24
22
11
(9)
605
1
19
70
44
31
94
82
52
69
41
54
16
9
18
5
(10)
1,282
753
215
100
80
42
47
4
19
6
7
8
1
! This group contains families engaged in farming and families having no gainfully employed members.
115
TABULAR SUMMARY
PUEBLO , COLO.
T able
3 .—
Nativity groups by occupation: E stim ated number of fam ilies
specified color and n ativity , by occupational group , 1985-36
of
[Relief and nonrelief families]
Native white
Occupational group
All
0)
(2)
(3)
12,937
7, 448
1,704
1, 329
102
467
605
1,282
9, 697
5,249
1,595
967
90
419
509
868
All fam ilies....................................................
Wage earner. _________________________
Clerical________________________________
Independent business__________ _______ _
Independent professional___ ___________
Salaried business_______________________
Salaried professional.. _________ _____
Other________________ ____ ___________
Ah
Com
plete
(4)
Incom
plete
(5)
7,330
4, 333
1, 244
692
90
388
310
273
2,367
916
351
275
31
199
595
Foreign- Negro
born and other
color
white
(6)
(7)
2,228
1,369
109
351
12
48
73
266
1,012
830
11
23
148
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
T a b l e 1.—
Nativity groups
by income: Estim ated number of fam ilies of specified
nativity , by incom e , 1935-86 1
[Relief and nonrelief families]
Native white
Income class
A ll3
(1)
(2)
(3)
2,311
8,741
11,052
1,068
1,291
1,671
1,492
1,328
1,098
826
680
474
349
352
170
59
93
101
2,048
7, 507
9,555
954
1,051
1,419
1,332
1,214
904
723
588
417
292
283
147
59
82
90
Relief families________________________________
Nonrelief families_____________________________
All families__________________________________ ____
$0-$249.............................................................................. .......
$250-$499........................................................ ..................... ..
$500-$749..................................................................................
$750-$999.................................................................................
$1,000-$1,249...........................................................................
$1,250-$1,499 ...................................................... ..................
$1,500-$1,749 ...... ..................................................................
$1,750-$1,999........ ......................................................
$2,000-$2,249........................... ...............................................
$2,250-$2,499............................. ..............................................
$2,500-$2,999....................... ...................................................
$3,000-$3,499..........................................................................
$3,500-$3,999...........................................................................
$4,000-$4,999............................................................................
$5,000 and over___________________________________
All
Com
plete
(4)
1,381
5,447
6,828
374
616
926
1,056
996
643
592
472
301
263
254
147
59
68
61
Incom
plete
(5)
667
2,060
2, 727
580
435
493
276
218
261
131
116
116
29
29
14
29
Foreignborn
white
(6)
263
1,234
1,497
114
240
252
160
114
194
103
92
57
57
69
23
11
11
i A family is classified as native if both husband and wife are native born (or, in the case of an incomplete
family, if the head is native born); otherwise, the family is classified as foreign born. A family is classified
as a complete family if it includes both husband and wife, and as an incomplete family if it does not include
both husband and wife. Single individuals are included in the incomplete families. See appendix B for
further explanations.
3 This and subsequent tables exclude Negro families because of their relative infrequency.
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
116
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
T a ble 2 .— Occupational groups by income: E stim ated number of fam ilies oj
specified occupational groups , by incom e , 1985-86
[Relief and nonrelief families]
Business and pro fessional
All
Income class
Wage Cleri
earner cal
Salaried
Independent
All
Othen
Busi Profes Busi Profes
ness sional ness sional
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
All families................................
$0-$249 ....................................
$250-$499_______ __________
$500-$749__
- ..........
$750-$999................... ................
$1,000-$1,249_______________
$1,250-$1,499_______________
$1,500-$1,749______________
$1,750-$1,999_______ _____
$2,000-$2,249______________
$2,250-$2,499_______________
$2,500-$2,999...........-...........— .
$3,000-$3,499.............................
$3,500-$3,999_______________
$4,000-$4,999.............................
$5,000 and over.......................
11,052
1,068
1,291
1,671
1,492
1,328
1,098
826
680
474
349
352
160
69
93
101
5,782
402
776
1,125
1,035
816
534
414
263
162
99
81
44
9
16
6
1,870
13
45
150
233
265
316
200
234
117
110
128
32
18
7
,2
2,093
34
165
208
181
187
226
199
159
180
140
142
84
41
70
77
1,208
32
160
172
172
125
154
115
42
63
74
41
10
12
12
24
(7)
(8)
(9)
108
380
2
1
2
2
19
24
30
38
44
32
56
49
17
48
18
5
6
3
9
3
8
25
5
6
4
32
397
2
2
34
7
38
42
51
70
70
26
20
20
6
6
3
GO)
1,307
619
305
188
43
60
22
13
24
15
1
1
16
i This group contains families engaged in farming and families having no gainfully employed members.
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
T abl e 3. — Nativity groups by occupation: E stim ated number of fam ilies of
specified n ativity , by occupational group , 1985-86
[Relief and nonrelief families]
Native white
Occupational group
All
(1)
(2)
(3)
11,052
5,782
1,870
1,208
108
380
397
1,307
9,555
5,131
1,664
934
97
357
351
1,021
All families...............................................................................
Wage earner............................................................. -.............
Clerical.....................................................................................
Independent business.........................................................
Independent professional....................................................
Salaried business....................................................................
Salaried professional.............................................................
Other................................................................- .......................
AH
Com
plete
(4)
6,828
4,101
1,157
629
83
313
191
354
Incom
plete
(5)
2,727
1,030
507
305
14
44
160
667
Foreignborn
white
(8)
1,497
651
206
274
11
23
46
286
117
TABULAE SUMMARY
B U TTE , M O N T.
Nativity groups
by income: Estimated number of families of specified
nativity, by income, 1985-86 1
T a b l e 1 .—
[Relief and nonrelief familiesl
Income class
All'
(1 )
(2 )
Native white
All
(3)
2,415
7,047
9,462
323
1 ,1 12
950
843
781
1,103
964
848
636
517
623
345
152
10 1
164
Relief families____________ __________
N onrelief families........................................
All families--------------------------------------------$0-$249_________ _____________________
$250-$499____ ___________________________
$500-$749________________________________
$750-$999________________________________
$1,000-$1,249_____________________________
$1,250-$1,499_____________________________
$1,500-$!,749_____________________________
$1,750-$1,999_____________________________
$2,000-$2,249_____________________________
$2,250-$2,499____________________________
$2,500-$2,999_____________ _______________
$3,000-$3,499_____________________________
$3,500-$3,999______________________ ____ _
$4,000-$4,999_____________________________
$5,000 and over------------ ---------------------------
Complete Incomplete
(4)
(5)
1,421
4,388
5,809
713
3,197
3,910
76
219
256
283
416
492
428
467
294
251
289
177
84
72
106
220
622
562
508
497
637
589
564
391
299
353
241
100
88
138
Foreignborn white
(6)
994
2,659
3,653
103
490
388
335
284
466
375
281
245
218
270
104
52
13
26
708
1,191
1,899
144
403
306
225
81
145
161
97
97
48
64
64
16
16
32
i A family is classified as native if both husband and wife are native born (or, in the case of an incomplete
family, if the head is native bom); otherwise, the family is classified as foreign born. A family is classified
as a complete family if it includes both husband and wife, and as an incomplete family if it does not include
both husband and wife. Single individuals are included in the incomplete families. See appendix B for
further explanations.
a This and subsequent tables exclude Negro families and families of other color because of their relative
Infrequency.
B U TTE , M O N T.
T able
2 .—Occupational groups by income: Estimated number of families of
specified occupational groups, by income, 1985-86
[Relief and nonrelief families!
Business and professional
Income class
(1)
All
(2 )
9,462
All fam ilies.-.......................
323
$0-$249 . .
_______
_______ 1 , 1 1 2
$250-$499 .
950
$500-$749_____________ ____
843
$750-$999__________ _______
781
$1,000-$1,249_______________
_______ 1,103
$1,250-$1,499
964
$1,500-$1,749 . _______
848
$1,750-$1,999...........................
636
$2,000-$2,249.............................
517
$2,250-$2,499.........................
623
$2,500-12,999..............................
345
$3,000-$3,499................ .............
152
$3,500-$3,999
..............
$4,000-$4,999 .....................
101
164
$5,000 and over........................
Wage Cleri
earner cal
(5)
(3)
(4)
5,239
81
809
667
521
553
816
563
413
257
190
207
80
60
1,847
20
2
Independent
All
1
84
118
91
131
175
237
262
196
174
183
109
24
27
35
1,786
34
77
91
144
88
104
147
157
170
151
232
142
68
54
127
Salaried
Other 1
Busi Profes Busi Profes
ness sional ness sional
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
840
17
73
51
124
81
36
97
409
30
3
63
54
76
39
18
15
39
6
6
3
15
3
25
27
52
32
59
62
42
33
22
33
88
66
1
3
5
2
4
26
11
1
440
17
3
7
2
3
43
32
33
69
35
83
56
15
13
29
( 10 )
590
207
142
74
87
9
8
17
16
13
i This group contains families engaged in farming and families having no gainfully employed members.
2
1
14
118
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
B U TTE , M O N T.
T able 3. —Nativity
groups by occupation: Estimated number of families of
specified nativity, by occupational group, 1935-86
[Relief and nonrelief families)
Occupational group
All
(1 )
(2 )
All families...........................................................
Wage earner........................................................
Clerical....... ........................................-...............Independent business...................... .. -...........
Independent professional.................................
Salaried business.................................................
Salaried professional........ ..................................
Other......................................................-...........-
Native white
All
(3)
9, 462
5,239
1,847
840
97
409
440
590
Complete Incomplete
(5)
(4)
5,809
3,031
1,215
478
84
319
376
3C6
3,910
2,194
780
333
68
255
199
81
1,899
837
435
145
16
64
177
225
Foreignborn white
(6)
3,653
2,208
632
362
13
90
64
284
B IL L IN G S , M O N T .
T able 1. —Nativity groups by income: Estimated number of families of specified
nativity, by income, 1935-86 1
[Relief and nonrelief families]
Income class
All 2
(1 )
(2 )
Relief families.............................................
Nonrelief families_______ _____ ______
All families..........................................................
$0-$249................................................................ .
$250-$499..........................................................
$500-$749...................... .........................................
$750-$999_______________________________
$1,000-$1,249__________ __________________
$1,250-^1,499___ ____ _____________ _______
$1,500-$1,749_____________________ ______ _
$1,750-11,999. ___________ ____________ ____
$2,000-$2,249_________________ _____ _____
$2,250-$2,499_.......................................................
$2,500-$2,999................................................. .......
$3,000-$3,499.........................................................
$3,500-$3,999............ ...........................................
$4,000-$4,999..........................................................
$5,000 and over...................................................
531
4, 222
4,753
222
270
443
458
498
351
470
372
372
269
379
294
90
128
137
Native white
All
(3)
394
3,553
3,947
192
193
320
360
425
291
376
329
312
239
327
252
86
116
129
Complete Incomplete
(4)
(5)
276
2, 753
3,029
86
98
157
192
312
246
309
318
250
2 11
299
235
86
106
124
118
800
918
106
95
163
168
113
45
67
11
62
28
28
17
10
5
Foreign born white
(6)
137
669
806
30
77
123
98
73
60
94
43
60
30
52
42
4
12
8
1 A family is classified as native if both husband and wife are native born (or, in the case of an incom
plete family, if the head is native born); otherwise, the family is classified as foreign born. A family is
classified as a complete family if it includes both husband and wife, and as an incomplete family if it does
not include both husband and wife. Single individuals are included in the incomplete families. See
appendix B for further explanations.
2 This and subsequent tables exclude Negro families and families of other color because of their relative
infrequency.
119
TABULAR SUMMARY
T able 2 .—Occupational
B IL L IN G S , M O N T .
groups by income: Estimated number of families of
specified occupational groups, by income, 1935-86
[Relief and nonrelief families]
Business and professional
All
Income class
0
(2 )
)
All families_______ _______ 4,753
222
$0-$249_....................... ...............
$250-$499__________________
270
$500-$749_____________
443
$750-$999__________________
458
498
$1,000-$1,249_______________
351
$1,250-$1,499_______________
$1,500-$1,749_______________
470
372
$1,750-$1,999_______________
372
$2,000-$2,249____ __________
$2,250-$2,499____ __________
269
379
$2,500-$2,999____ __________
$3,000-$3,499____ __________
288
96
$3,500-$3,999____ __________
128
$4,000-$4,999_______________
$5,000 and over____________
137
1
Wage Cleri
earner cal
Independent
All
(4)
(5)
1,889
1,069
15
12
55
66
107
90
126
124
128
84
145
78
1,476
13
42
74
108
118
82
120
104
117
110
149
146
66
113
114
190
250
225
242
171
210
132
117
69
81
62
8
2
10
20
8
11
Other 1
Busi Profes Busi Profes
ness sional ness sional
(6)
(8)
(7)
(9)
(3)
120
Salaried
750
13
42
66
89
98
49
48
34
55
43
60
41
18
39
55
71
415
2
2
10
10
( 10)
240
319
74
26
64
59
31
8
14
8
6
4
2
8
12
8
4
6
19
17
8
23
25
19
16
23
16
40
19
16
41
47
44
36
61
57
25
52
30
12
10
6
4
2
2
10
2
This group contains families engaged in farming and families having no gainfully employed members.
T able 3. —Nativity
B IL L IN G S , M O N T .
groups by occupation: Estimated number of families of
specified nativity, by occupational group, 1985-86
[Relief and nonrelief families]
Occupational group
All
)
(2 )
0
All families______________________________
Wage earner_________ ___________________
Clerical__________________ _____________
Independent business_____________ ____
Independent professional________________
Salaried business________________________
Salaried professional_______________ _____
Other. _________ ________________________
78127°— 40------ 9
4, 753
1,889
1,069
750
71
415
240
319
Native white
All
(3)
3,947
1,484
992
596
67
368
202
238
Complete Incomplete
(4)
(5)
3,029
1,176
762
434
61
346
152
98
918
308
230
162
6
22
50
140
Foreignborn white
(6)
806
405
77
154
4
47
38
81
120
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
SECTION B. N A T I V E W H IT E FAMILIES, IN C L U D IN G B O T H
H U S B A N D A N D WIFE
Sources o f Income, Number and Earnings o f Principal and
Supplementary Earners, R ent or Rental Value, and Size o f
Family, According to Family Income, Occupational Group, and
Family T ype, 1935-36
Tables in this section present data for native white “complete”
families only (those including husband and wife, both native born).
The figures are based on random samples in each of the seven cities.
CONTENTS
Billings, Mont.
1
Butte, Mont.
Dubuque, Iowa
Pueblo, Colo
Springfield, Mo.
Omaha, N e b r Council Bluffs,
Iowa
Table
Denver, Colo.
Page
1.
Number of families
of specified types and average
number of persons per family,
by income, 1935-36___________
A . F a m il y T y p e : Number of amilies of specified types and
average number of persons per
family, by occupation and
income, 1935-36____________
2. S o u r c e s o f F a m i l y I n c o m e :
Number of families receiving
income from specified sources,
and average amount of such
income, by income, 1935-36___
A . S o u r c e s o f F a m il y I n c o m e :
Number of families receiving
income from specified sources,
and average amount of such
income, by occupation and
income, 1935-36____________
2B. S o u r c e s o f F a m il y I n c o m e :
Number of families receiving
income from specified sources,
and average amount of such
income, by family type and
income, 1935-36____________
3. M o n e y E a r n i n g s : Number of
families receiving net money
earnings and average net money
earnings received from each
source, by income, 1935-36____
A . M o n e y E a r n i n g s : Number of
families receiving net money
earnings and average net
money earnings received from
each source, by occupation and
income, 1935-36____________
F a m il y T y p e :
124 172 220 246 272 298 324
1
125 173 221 247 273 299 325
128 176 224 250 276 302 328
2
130 178 226 252 278 304 330
132 180
136 184 228 254 280 306 332
3
137 185 229 255 281 307 333
121
TABULAR SUMMARY
CONTENTS—Continued
3B.
Number of
families receiving net money
earnings and average net
money earnings received from
each source, by family type
and income, 1935-36________
4. P rincipal E a r n e r s : Number and
average yearly earnings of prin
cipal earners, classified as hus
bands, wives, and others, with
weeks of employment of prin
cipal earners, by income, 193536_________________________
4A. P rincipal E a r n e r s : Number
and average yearly earnings of
principal earners, classified as
husbands, wives, and others,
with weeks of employment of
principal earners, by occupa
tion and income, 1935-36____
4B. P rincipal E a r n e r s : Number
and average yearly earnings of
principal earners, classified as
husbands, wives, and others,
with weeks of employment of
principal earners, by family
type and income, 1935-36____
5. N um ber of E arners in F am ily :
Number of families with speci
fied number of individual earn
ers, family relationship of sole
earners, and average number
of supplementary earners per
family, by income, 1935-36____
. S ole a n d S u p pl e m e n t a r y E a r n
e r s : Number of families with
individual earners; number and
average earnings of supplemen
tary earners classified as hus
bands, wives, and others; and
average earnings of family from
supplementary earners; by in
come, 1935-36_______________
A. S ole a n d S u p pl e m e n t a r y
E a r n e r s : Number of families
with individual earners; num
ber and average earnings of
supplementary earners classi
fied as husbands, wives, and
others; and average earnings
of family from supplementary
earners; by occupation and
income, 1935-36____________
Billings, Mont.
o
Butte, Mont.
fl
<D
n
Dubuque, Iowa
o
O
Pueblo, Colo.
Table
Springfield, Mo.
Page
M o n e y E a r n in g s :
6
138 186
140 188 230 256 282 308 334
141 189 230 256 282 308 334
144 192
149 197 231 257 283 309 335
150 198 232 258 284 310 336
6
151 199 233 259 285 311 337
WEST CENTRAL-KOOKY MOUNTAIN REGION
122
C O N T E N T S — Continued
Dubuque, Iowa
Butte, Mont.
Billings, Mont.
153
201
156
204
234
260
286
312
338
157
205
235
261
287
313
339
158
206
236
262
288
314
340
160
208
237
263
289
315
341
161
209
238
264
290
316
342
162
210
239
265
291
317
343
163
211
240
266
292
318
344
Supplem entary
Number of families
with individual earners; num
ber and average earnings of
supplementary earners classi
fied as husbands, wives, and
others; and average earnings
of family from supplementary
earners; by family type and
income, 1935-36____________
7. E a r n in g s of S u p p l e m e n t a r y
E a r n e r s : Number of supple
mentary earners with earnings
of specified amount, by family
income, 1935-36______________
S. H usba n d s as E a r n e r s : Number
and average yearly earnings of
husbands classified as principal
or supplementary earners, by
age and family income, 1935-36 _
9. W ives as E a r n e r s : Number and
average yearly earnings of wives
classified as principal or supple
mentary earners, by age and
family income, 1935-36________
10. M oney I ncome O th er T han
E a r n in g s : Number of families
receiving money income other
than earnings, and average
amount received, by source
and total income, 1935-36____
11. N onmoney I ncome F rom O w ned
H om es : Number of families
owning homes with and with
out mortgages; average rental
value, average expense, and
average nonmoney income
from home ownership; by in
come, 1935-36______________
12. M onthly R ental V a l u e : Num
ber of home-owning families
having homes with specified
monthly rental value, by in
come, 1935-36______________
13. M onthly R e n t : Number of rent
ing families reporting specified
monthly rent, by income, 193536_________________________
Pueblo, Colo.
and
E arners:
Springfield, Mo.
6B. S o l e
Omaha, Nebr.Council Bluffs,
Iowa
Table
Denver, Colo.
Page
TABULAR SUMMARY
123
C O N T E N T S — Continued
16.
17.
18.
19.
T ype
of
L iv in g
Q uar ter s:
N um ber
and
p e rcen ta g e
of
o w n in g
fa m ilie s
o c c u p y in g
s p e c if ie d t y p e s o f l i v i n g q u a r
t e r s , b y i n c o m e , 1 9 3 5 —3 6 _________
T ype
of
L iv in g
Q uarters:
N u m ber and p e r c e n t a g e of
r e n t 'n g
fa m ilie s
o c c u p y in g
sp(
ried t y p e s o f l i v i n g q u a r
t e r s , b y i n c o m e , 1 9 3 5 —3 6
M e m b er s of H o u seh o ld
N ot
E c o n o m ic F a m i l y : N u m b e r
o f f a m i li e s h a v i n g p e r s o n s in t h e
h o u s e h o ld w h o w e r e n o t m e m
b ers o f th e e c o n o m ic fa m ily ,
an d a ve rage n u m b e r o f su ch
n o n fa m ily
m em bers,
by
in
c o m e , 1 9 3 5 —3 6 __________ _________ ___
A ge
H u sba n d s a n d W iv e s :
N u m b e r of hu sban ds an d n u m
b er o f w iv e s, b y a g e a n d fa m ily
i n c o m e , 1 9 3 5 - 3 6 ____________ _ _
R e p o r t Y e a r : N u m b e r a n d per
c e n t a g e d i s t r i b u t i o n o f f a m i li e s
b y d a te o f e n d o f re p o rt y e a r,
b y o c c u p a t i o n , 1 9 3 5 —3 6 ____________
Butte, Mont.
15.
Dubuque, Iowa
14B,
A verage
M onthly
R ental
V a l u e
a n d
A v e r a g e
M on th ly R e n t : N um ber of
h o m e -o w n i n g
and
r e n tin g
fa m ilie s , a v e r a g e m o n t h ly
re n ta l
v a lu e ,
and
average
m o n t h ly r e n t, b y o c c u p a tio n
a n d i n c o m e , 1 9 3 5 —3 6 _____
Average
M onthly
R ental
V a l u e
a n d
A v e r a g e
M o n t h l y R e n t : N u m b er of
h o m e -o w n i n g
and
re n tin g
fa m ilie s , a v e r a g e m o n t h ly
r e n ta l
v a lu e ,
and
average
m o n t h ly r e n t, b y fa m ily t y p e
a n d i n c o m e , 1 9 3 5 —3 6
Pueblo, Colo.
A.
Springfield, Mo.
14
212
241
267
293
319
345
215
242
268
294
320
346
168
216
242
268
294
320
346
169
217
243
269
295
321
347
170
218
244
270
296
322
348
171
219
245
271
297
323
349
Denver, Colo.
T a b le
Omaha, Nebr.Couneil Bluffs,
Iowa
Page
164
165
213
167
"30
S
CO
1
5
in
of
124
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
DEN VER , COLO.
T able
1.—
F a m ily ty p e : N um ber of fa m ilies of specified types and average num ber
of persons per fa m ily , by incom e, 1 93 5-86
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combined]
Average number
of persons per
family *
Number of families of type
Income class
All
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
All families *.............. 8 , 572 2, 793 1,509 969 1,846
Relief fam ilies-------- 1,186 277 186 169 219
Nonrelief families— 7, 386 2, 516 1, 323 800 1,627
3
3
8
$0-$249..................— 62 45
7 21
$250-$499 .............. . 158 91 28
$5C0-$749_.............. . 357 175 52 41 58
$750-$999_________ 698 265 142 82 127
$1,000-$1,249 _____ 935 348 198 95 171
$1,250-$1,499_......... 799 255 170 94 158
$l,50O-$l,749______ 835 282 ICO 78 176
$1,750-$1,999_____ 730 253 148 90 133
$2,000-$2,249_____ 642 193 120
77 153
$2,250-$2,499
429 135 78 55 102
$2,500-$2,999______ 602 184 86 59 155
$3,000-$3,499_.......... 365 102 47 30 125
$3,500-$3,999_.......... 219 51 33 30 64
$4,000-$4,499............ 166 42 16 16 50
$4,500-$4,999______ 91 27
11
32
8
$5,000-$7,499 .......... 213 46 24 28 70
5
12
$7,500-$9,999______ 36
7
2
5
2
12
$10,000 and over 4__ 49 15
611
92
519
477
(1 )
4
10
20
50
52
60
43
52
28
66
41
24
23
7
26
4
9
12 1
356
3
3
12
45
52
42
52
38
30
16
21
7
8
9
1
9
4
4
Other than
husband
All and wife
VII VIII Other mem
bers U n 16
der and
16 over
(9) GO) ( 1 1 ) ( 12 ) (13) (14)
198
74
124
3
5
10
14
114
18
96
55
30
25
3
4
5
7
1
1
21
12
11
12
11
1
2
2
6
12
8
6
8
2
9
9
15
4
3
2
1
7
4
1
3
2
3
3
1
4
1
2
1
3
3.4
3.9
3.3
2.4
2. 7
2.9
3.1
3.2
3. 3
3.3
3.2
3.3
3. 2
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.6
3. 5
3.6
3.7
3.5
0.9
1.4
.8
.3
.5
.6
.8
.9
.9
.8
.9
.8
.8
.8
.7
.8
.8
.7
.9
.9
.8
0.5
.5
.5
]
.2
!3
.3
.3
.4
.5
.4
.ft
. ft
.0
.7
.7
.8
.8
.8
.8
.6
1 Family type:
I. 2 persons. Husband and wife only.
II. 3 persons. Husband, wife, 1 child under 16 and no others.
III. 4 persons. Husband, wife, 2 children under 16 and no others.
IV. 3 or 4 persons. Husband, wife, 1 person 16 or over, and 1 or no other person regardless of age.
V. 5 or 6 persons. Husband, wife, 1 child under 16,1 person 16 or over, and 1 or 2 other persons regard
less of age.
VI. 6 or 6 persons. Husband, wife ,3 or 4 children under 16 and no others.
VII. 7 or 8 persons. Husband, wife, 1 child under 16,4 or 5 other persons regardless of age.
VIII. 5 or 6 persons. Husband, wife, 3 or 4 persons 16 or over.
Other. 7 or more persons. All types not included in I through VIII.
2 These are year-equivalent persons. The sum of columns (13) and (14) plus 2 (husband and wife) does
not always equal column ( 12 ). For the methods used in deriving these averages see glossary.
3 6 families which reported a net loss are excluded from this and subsequent tables. These are families
which had gross business expense and losses exceeding their gross earnings and other income.
4 Largest income reported between $60,000 and $65,000.
125
TABULAR SUMMARY
DEN VER , COLO.
T a b l e 1A . — F a m ily ty p e : N um ber of fa m ilies of specified types and average
num ber of persons per fa m ily , by occupation and incom e , 1 93 5-36
[White nonrelief families including husband and w ife, both native born]
Number of families of type *-
Income class and
occupational group
All
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
Average number
of persons pei
family 3
Other than
husband
All and wife
VII VIII Other mem Un
bers der 16
and
16 over
(9) ( 10 ) (ID (1 2 ) (13) (14)
(2 ) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8)
(1 )
Wage earner
8
3.3 0.9 0.4
A 11 nonrelief fair ilies 2, 706 876 505 323 558 187 152 65 32
1
2
15 12
2. 5 . 5
$0-$249
5 13
1
1
4
3
3.0
$250-$499___________ 84 36 21
.7
.3
10
81 42 28 28
3
8
3.1
$500-$749
200
.8
.3
31
9
2
2
3.2 1 .0
$750-$999___________ 421 144 91 57 73 12
.2
$1,000-$1,249_______ 494 177 115 57 85 25 25
8
2
3.2
.9
.3
.4
380 107 79 49 73 28 28 12
4
3.4 1 .0
$1,250-41,499
7
5
$L500-$L749_______ 331 99 61 35 66 32 23
3 3.5 1 .0
.5
7
5
$1,750-$1,999________ 248 81 35 37 51 19 12
1
3.4
.9
.5
$2J000-$2r249
11
6
232 67 29 28 66 22
3
3.4
.8
.6
1
9
2
5
26
$2,250-$2,499
___ 98 31 13 1 1
3.4
.9
.5
6
42 16
5
1
$2,500-42^999________ 123 24 14 1 1
4
3.7 .8
.9
2
1
1
2
47 1 1
22
8
3.6 .6 1 .0
$3,000-43,499 ___
1
]
. 7 1 .0
4
3 10
3
22
3.7
$3^500-43^999
1
1
1
1
1
8
3
4.6 . 7 1 9
$4,000-$4,499
1
1
(*)
(*)
2
$4,500-44,999
1
1
$5,000-$7,499
(*)
(*)
$7,50049,999_______
$10,000 and o v e r___
Clerical
7 3.2 .7
All nonrelief fam ilies 1,907 641 377 197 420 133 81 26 25
.5
1
1
$04249_____________
2
(*)
(*)
1
1
.l
9
2
$2504499___________ 15
2
2. 7 ".6
1
4
$5004749___________ 40 19
4 10
2
2.9 .4
.5
$7504999___________ 127 45 34 15 2 1
2
7
1
1
3.1
1
.8
.3
1
1
3.1
$1,00041,249_______ 208 79 43 19 39 13 13
.8
.3
$1,25041,499 _____ 219 73 52 24 43 14
7
6
3. 2 .8
.4
$1,50041,749_______ 271 92 60 25 62 1 1
14
4
3
3.2
.8
.4
$1,75041,999 ____ 241 86 58 29 37 12
3.2 .9
.3
11
4
3
1
$2,00042,249_______ 202 66 44 26 34 17 1 1
3.3
.9
.4
1
2
1
$2,250-$2,499_______ 154 49 27 23 37
7
7
1
3.2
3
.8
.4
$2,50042,999 _____ 208 68 28 18 50 31
6
3
4
3. 4 .8
.6
1
1
$3,00043,499_______ 1 1 1
5
.5
34 1 1
4 43 1 2
3.4
.9
1
1
1
$3,50043,999_______ 51 1 1
9
5 18
3.5
5
.7
.8
$4,00044,499_______ 24
4
2
2
10
2
3.6
.6
4
1 .0
$4,50044,999 _______ 12
2
1
1
1
2
5
4.2
.8
1.4
$5,00047,499_______ 19
1
1
2
2
4.1
8
3
2
9 1 .2
$7,50049,999_______
1
1
1
$10,000 and over 3 __
3
5.0 1.3 1. 7
Independent business
7 3.3 .8
Alllnonrelief families 1,061 374 155 91 260 92 52 16 14
.5
1
1
1
.1
$04249____________
12
2. 4 .3
9
$2504499___________ 24 18
.1
.2
3
3
2.3
1
3
2. 7 .4
4 14
2
.3
$5004749___________ 58 34
3
3.0
.7
.3
7 22
7
$7504999........ ............. 94 42 13
$1,00041,249_______ 133 48 24 10 26 10
2
1
8
4
3.3
.9
.4
1
. 7 .4
$1,25041,499______
8
3
2
97 38 18
9 18
3.1
1
$1,50041,749_______ 116 39 15 10 31 12
8
3. 3 .8
.5
1
$1,75041,999............... 108 32 27 1 1
21
4
3.3 .9
.4
9
3
$2,00042,249............. . 78 27 11
1
3.2 .7
2
5 23
9
.5
1
1
$2,25042,499_______ 57 12
3.6 1 .0
10
5 16 10
2
.6
$2,50042,999— ........ . 80 27 12
2
8
17
8
1
4
1
3.5 .9
.6
1
1
4
5 21
8
3.6 .8
.8
$3,00043,499_______ 51 1 1
1
2
9
7
6
3
2
40 10
3.8 1 . 1
.7
$3,50043,999.............
1
1
1
8
4
13
5
3.6 .7
.9
$4,00044,499............. . 33
1
9
2
2
4
3. 5 1 . 1
.4
$4,50044,999______
1
2
5
5 11
5
2
3. 7 1.0
.7
$5,00047,499_______ 43 12
1
1
12
4
3.1
.3
6
.8
$7,50049,999_______
$10,000 and over 3__ 16
1
2
i
6
2
3
I
3.9 1 . 1
.8
For footnotes 1 and 2 , see table 1 on p. 124. 3 Largest income reported between $55,000 and $60,000.
126
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
T a b l e 1A . — F a m ily ty p e : N um ber of fa m ilies of specified types an d average
num ber of persons per fa m ily , by occupation and in com e , 1 98 5-36 —
Average number
of persons per
family
Number of familif s of type—
Income class and
occupational group
(1)
All
I
II
III
IV
VV
VI
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(V
(6)
(7)
(8)
Independent profes
sional
All nonrelief families 214 75 30 28 53 21
$0-$249 ................
$250-$499......................
2
$500-$749......................
2
1
1
2
$750-$999__..................
$i ;nnn-$i, 24Q
1
2
8
13
1
1
1
2
6
1
$1,250-$1,499...............
1
1
3
2
$1,500-$1,749.............
7
1
7
3
$1,750-$1,999............... 11
2
2
5
4
3
$2,000-$2,249—............ 16
$2,250-$2 499 . _
1
2
19 12
3
1
3
4
2
$2,50O-$2,999............... 20 10
$3;nft0-$3;499
2
9
6
23
3
3
$3;50n-$3J999
2
4
3
5
18
3
$4f000-$4j499 _
1
1
5
2
2
13
$4;5nO-$4;999
1
1
1
3
8
2
$5;00ft-$7j499
14
5
6
3
8
37
1
2
1
2
9
2
$7,500-$9,999...............
4
2
3
$10,000 and over 4___ 10
1
Salaried business
All nonrelief families 668 202 122 77 167 46
$0-!K249
2
2
$250-$499
1
2
3
1
1
$500-$749....................
9
7
$750—$999
1
1
2
3
8
$1;000-$1,249
1
7
26 11
6
I
4 10
9 .7
$1,250-$1,499_______ 33
$1;50ft-$1r749
l
45 17 12
7
5
4
54 16 13
8
8
$1,750-$1,999______
1
4 11
$2,000-$2,249_______ 43 11 11
$2 250-$2J499
51 15 12
7 13
5
$2,500-$2,999_______ 78 19 13 11 20
6
$3,000-$3,499__............ 70 20 13
6 20
7
6 16
$3,500-$3,999.__.......... 58 16 12
6
4
5 15
$4,000-$4,499— .......... 50 16
$4,500—$4, 999
4
8
4
36 12
7
7
$5,000-$7,499............... 76 18 10 10 25
11
1
1
2
2
$7,500-$9,999..........
1
2
8
2
I
$10,000 and over 8___ 15
4 Largest income reported between $20,000 and $25,000.
8 Largest income reported between $60,000 and $65,000.
4
Other than
husband
All and wife
VII VIII Other mem
bers Un 16
der and
16 over
(9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14)
2
1
3.2
1
(*)
(*)
3.0
3. 7
3.0
2.8
3.5
2.6
2.8
3.1
3.5
3.3
3.4
3.8
3.5
3.2
1
1
2
1
1
36
Continued
7
9
2
3.3
(*)
1
2
2
5
3
3
6
3
3
4
3
I
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
3.0
2.3
3.0
2.7
3.2
2.9
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.5
3.4
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.5
4 .7
3.0
0.7
.7
1.0
.6
.4
.9
.3
.6
.7
0.5
(*).3
.7
.4
.4
.6
.3
.2
.4
.9
.5
.7
.2
.4
.9
.4
.7
.8
.5
.8
1.1
1 .0
1 .1
.3
.3
.4
.4
.7
.7
1.0
1.0
.8
.9
.9
.7
.8
.8
.8
1.4
.7
.7
.6
.3
.5
.2
.3
.3
.3
.6
.5
.6
.6
.6
.7
1.3
.3
127
TABULAR, SUMMARY
1A.—Family type: N um ber of fa m ilies of specified types and average
num ber of persons per fa m ily , by occupation and in com e , 1 98 5-36 —Continued
T able
Average number
of persons per
family
Number of families of type—
Income class and
occupational group
(1)
All
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
175
118
68
120
34
22
1
3
8
13
12
22
21
15
11
28
15
5
5
8
6
1
1
1
2
5
12
7
15
21
12
15
13
6
3
1
4
1
2
1
5
4
3
5
10
7
9
9
4
6
3
1
2
5
7
6
10
13
8
21
12
6
10
8
10
1
172
21
26
29
22
12
15
10
10
5
4
8
2
1
3
1
2
1
16
1
1
3
4
1
3
16
3
1
2
1
3
3
49
6
1
5
6
7
5
3
3
1
1
2
1
2
3
1
1
1
Salaried profesjioval
All nonrelief families 558
$0-$249...... ............
2
$250-$199__............ .
$500-$749.....................
9
$750-$999__________
13
$1,000-$1,249_______ 29
$1,250-$1,499_______ 39
$1,500-$1,749______
47
$1,750-$1,999_______ 54
$2,000-$2,249_______ 64
$2,250-$2,499_______ 43
$2,500-$2,999______
83
$3,000-$3,499_______ 58
$3,500-$3,999_______ 26
$4,000-$4,499_______ 33
$4,500-$4,999_______ 20
$5,000-$7,499___
32
3
$7,500-$9,999___ _
$10,000 and over 6__
3
Other 7
All nonrelief families. 272
$0-$249.......... ............... 31
$250-$499...................... 30
$500-$749.__...............
39
$750-$999__________
33
$1,000-$1,249_______ 32
$1,250-$1,499_______ 25
$1,500-$1,749_______
18
$1,750-$1,999______
14
$2,000-$2,249_______
7
$2,250-$2,499_______
7
$2,500-$2,999_______
10
$3,000-$3,499_.........
5
$3,500-$3,999______
4
5
$4,000-$4,499______
4
$4,500-$4,999___
$5,000-$7,499_______
5
1
$7,500-$9,999_______
$10,000 and over 8__
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Other than
husband
All and wife
VII VIII Other mem
bers Un 16
der and
16 over
(9) (10) (11) (12) (IS) (14)
7
6
i
1
1
1
0.7
0.5
(*) (*)
3. 1 .7
3.0 . 5
2.8 .5
.8
3.1
.7
3.1
2.9 . 7
3.3 1.0
3.2 .8
3. 2 .7
3.3 .8
3. 5 1.0
3.9 1.2
3.3
.3
3. 7 .8
3.0 .7
4.3 1.6
.4
.5
.3
.3
.4
.2
.3
.4
.5
.5
.5
.7
1.0
.9
.3
.7
2
4
1
3
1
2
1
3
3
2
3
1
1
1
9
1
2
1
5
1
1
1
1
3.2
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
3
2
1
2
5
5
1
5
1
5
2
14
1
1
i
1
1
2.7 .4
.3
.2
2.4 .2
2.2 .2 (**)
1 2.7 .5
.2
2.4 .2
.2
3.2 .9
.3
2. 7 .3
.4
2.8
.4
.4
2.6
.2
.4
2.4
.3
.1
2.9
.6
.3
2.3
. 1 .2
2.8
.6
.2
3.3
.8
.5
3.0 .6
.4
3.0
1.0
3.4
.4 1.0
(*)
(*)
(*) (*) (*)
1
8 Largest income reported between $10,000 and $15,000.
7 This group contains 17 families engaged in farming, a group too small to be separately classified, and
families having no gainfully employed members.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
**0.05 or less.
128
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
DENVER, COLO.
T a b l e 2 . —Sources
of family income: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving incom e from
specified sources , and average am ount of such incom e , by incom e , 1 9 3 5 -3 6
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family
types combined]
Number of families receiving—
Income class
Number of
families
(1)
(2)
All families.....................................
Relief families____ ____ _______
Nonrelief families_____________
$0-$249____________________
$250-$499__________________
$500-$749__________________
$750-$999__________________
$1,000-$1,249_______________
$1,250-$1,499_______________
$1,500-$1,749_______________
$1,750-$1,999_______________
$2,000-$2,249_______________
$2,250-$2.499_______________
$2,500-$2,999_______________
$3,000-$3,4S9_______________
$3,500-$3,999_______________
$4,000-$4,499____ ____ _____
$4,500-$4,999_______________
$5,000-$7,499_______________
$7,500-$9,999_______________
$10,000 and over___________
8,572
1,186
7,386
62
158
357
698
935
799
835
730
642
429
602
365
219
166
91
213
36
49
Money income from—
Nonmoney income from—
Other
Owned
sources
Any
home
Rent as
Earnings 1 (positive
or source 3 (positive or pay
negative) 2
negative) 4
(4)
(5)
(3)
(6)
(7)
8,223
1,099
7,124
30
131
318
665
903
775
817
717
635
423
592
361
217
162
88
209
34
47
1,792
128
1, 664
10
44
91
127
134
177
152
156
128
93
163
94
55
58
28
104
17
33
3,421
256
3,165
22
60
119
219
278
313
307
264
318
222
341
203
123
103
57
151
26
39
3,236
222
3,014
19
53
104
138
250
291
293
249
310
215
337
200
123
102
55
150
26
39
185
34
151
3
7
15
21
28
22
14
15
8
7
4
3
1
2
1
1 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
2 Includes 1,742 families, 1,616 of which were nonrelief, which had money income other than earnings and
no business losses met from family funds; 24 families, all of which were nonrelief, which had business losses
met from family funds and no money income other than earnings, and 26 families, 24 of which were non
relief, which had both money income and business losses met from family funds. There were, therefore,
1,768 families, 1,640 of which were nonrelief, which had money income other than earnings, whether or not
they had business losses met from family funds; and there were 60 families, 48 of which were nonrelief,
which had business losses met from family funds, whether or not thay had money income other than earn
ings. These latter 48 families were found in the following income classes: $0-$249, 1; $250-$499, 2; $500$749, 1; $750-$999, 2; $1,000-$1,249, 2; $1,250-$1,499, 3; $1,500-$1,749, 8; $1,750-$1,999, 5; $2,000-$2,249, 4;
$2,250-$2,499, 3; $2,500-$2,999, 3; $3,000-$3,499, 2; $3,500-$3,999, 1; $4,000-$4,499, 1; $4,500-$4,999, 1; $5,000$7,499, 7; $10,000 and over, 2. See glossary for definitions of “money income other than earnings” and
“business losses.”
3 The total of the numbers of families in columns (6) and (7), since no family reported nonmoney income
from both sources.
4 Includes families with losses from owned homes, as well as families whose estimated rental value of
owned homes for the period of ownership and occupancy exceeded estimated expenses allocable to that
period. There were 31 families, 25 of which were nonrelief, with losses from owned homes (i. e., families
whose estimated rental value was less than estimated expenses). The latter 25 families were found in the
following income classes: $0-$249, 1; $250-$499, 1; $500-$749, 2; $750-$999, 4; $1,000-$1,249, 2; $1,250-$1,499, 2;
$1,500-$1,749, 3; $1,750-$1,999, 4; $2,250-$2,499, 1; $2,500-$2,999, 2; $3,500-$3,999, 1; $5,000-$7,499, 1; $10,000
and over, 1. Excludes 2 families whose estimated rental value of owned homes was equal to estimated
expenses.
129
TABULAR SUMMARY
DENVER, COLO.
T able
2.— Sources of fam ily incom e: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving incom e from
specified sources , and average am ount of such incom e , by incom e , 1 93 5-86
1—Con
'White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family
types combined]
Average family income
Income class
(1)
Money income from—
Total
(2)
All families---------------------- 8 $1, 861
606
Relief families___________
Nonrelief families_________ 5 2,063
$0-$249_______________
130
$250-$499_____________
396
$500-$749_____________
645
$750-$999_____________
875
$1,000-$1,249__________
1,128
$1,250-$1,499__________
1, 366
$1,500~$1,749__________
1,606
$1,750-$1,999__________
1, 866
$2,000-$2,249__________
2,111
$2,250-$2,499__________
2, 374
$2,500-$2,999__________
2, 708
$3,000-$3,499__________
3,199
$3,500-$3,999__________
3, 717
$4,000-$4,499__________
4, 217
$4,500-$4,999__________
4, 731
$5,000-$7,499__________
5,935
$7,500-$9,999 ...... .........
8,378
$10,000 and over_______ 16, 206
Nonmoney income from—
(3)
Other
Owned
Earn
sources
All
home
Rent as
ings 2 (positive or sources (positive or pay
negative) 3
negative) i
(5)
(6)
(4)
(8)
(7)
$1,755
578
1,945
85
335
582
822
1,076
1,292
1, 530
1, 787
1,997
2, 236
2, 548
3,004
3,498
3,964
4,447
5, 543
7,808
15, 234
$1, 632
563
1, 805
72
278
513
768
1,021
1, 221
1,463
1, 709
1,932
2,144
2, 424
2,870
3, 301
3, 719
4,173
5,003
7,004
9,464
All
sources
$123
15
140
13
57
69
54
55
71
67
78
65
92
124
134
197
245
274
540
804
5, 770
$106
28
118
45
61
63
53
52
74
76
79
114
138
160
195
219
253
284
392
570
972
$100
23
112
41
54
54
47
44
67
71
73
110
131
157
192
219
249
279
391
570
972
$6
5
6
4
7
9
6
8
7
5
6
4
7
3
3
4
5
1
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2) of table 2, whether or not they re
ceived income from the specified source. Averages in columns (2), (3), (5), (6), and (7) are net figures,
after deduction for all families of business losses met from family funds or expenses for owned homes.
2 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
3 Includes money income other than earnings, after deduction of business losses met from family funds.
See glossary for definitions of “money income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
< Represents the estimated rental value of owned homes for the period of ownership and occupancy, less
estimated expenses allocable to that period.
8Median income for all families in this group was $1,535; for nonrelief families, $1,705.
130
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
DENVER, COLO.
T able 2A..— Sources of fam ily in com e:
N um ber of fa m ilies receiving incom e
from specified sources, and average am ount of such incom e, by occupation and
incom e, 1 98 5-86
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Number of families receiving—
Income class and occupational Number of
families
group
(2)
Wage earner
All nonrelief families__________
$0-$499________ _______ -.........$500-$749___________ ____ _____
$750-$999______________________
$1,000-$1,249__________________
$1.250-$1,499____ ____ _________
$1,500-$1,749____ ______________
$1,750-$1,999___________________
$2,000-$2,499__________________
$2,500-$2,999......... ..........................
$3,000-$4,999_______ ___________
$5,000 and over_________ ____ Clerical
All nonrelief families___________
$0-$499_.............................. ..........
$500-$749..........................................
$750-$999________ _____________
$1,000-$1,249__________________
$1,250-$1,499_______________ _
$1,500-$1,749__________________
$1,750-$1,999....................................
$2,000-$2,499.....................................
$2,500-$2,999__________________
$3,000-$4,999____ _____ ________
$5,000 and over_____ __________
Business and professional
All nonrelief families___________
$0-$499_............................................
$500-$749................. .........................
$750-$999_......................... ...............
$1,000-$1,249______ ____________
$1,250-$1,499__________________
$1,500-$1,749_______ ______ ____
$1,750-SI,999.................................. .
$2,000-$2,499.....................................
$2,500-$2,999................................... .
$3,000-$4,999...................................
$5,000 and over................................
Other
All nonrelief fam ilies....................
Money income from—
Nonmoney income from—
Other
Owned
sources Any source3 home
Rent as
Earnings 1 (positive
or
(positive or pay
negative) *
negative)4
(4)
(5)
(3)
(7)
(6)
2,706
99
200
421
494
380
331
248
330
123
79
1
2,706
99
200
421
494
380
331
248
330
123
79
1
437
15
31
50
49
79
47
52
57
33
23
1
1,045
31
46
109
154
146
126
99
203
82
49
956
22
37
92
135
133
120
94
197
78
48
89
9
9
17
19
13
6
5
6
4
1
1,907
17
40
127
208
219
271
241
356
208
198
22
1,907
17
40
127
208
219
271
211
356
208
198
22
376
4
6
21
22
39
46
44
80
49
54
11
728
5
11
31
38
66
92
69
177
110
111
18
706
5
11
27
34
63
90
67
172
110
109
18
22
2,501
43
78
117
201
175
215
227
371
261
546
267
2,495
41
78
116
200
175
214
227
371
261
546
266
622
7
17
24
32
35
42
45
71
71
144
134
1,210
15
34
54
72
78
77
86
148
141
314
191
1,172
15
29
54
67
72
71
78
144
141
311
190
38
272
16
229
182
180
2
4
4
3
2
2
5
2
5
5
6
6
8
4
3
1
1 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
2 Includes families having money income other than earnings, families having business losses met from
family funds, and families having both such income and such losses. See glossary for definitions of “money
income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
3 The total of the numbers of families in columns (6) and (7), since no family reported nonmoney income
from both sources.
4 Includes families with losses from owned homes, as well as families whose estimated rental value of owned
homes for the period of ownership and occupancy exceeded estimated expenses allocable to that period.
TABULAE SUMMARY
131
DEN VER , COLO.
T
2A.— Sources of fam ily in com e: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving incom e
from specified sources, and average am ount of such incom e, by occupation and
incom e, 1 98 5-86 1—Continued
able
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Average family income
Income class and occupa
tional group
(1 )
Money income from—
Total *
(2 )
Wage earner
All nonrelief families.......... «$1,457
371
$0-$499...... ...................... .........
647
$500-$749_________________
875
$750-$999_________________
1,124
$1,000-$1,24P______________
1,363
$1,250-SI, 499______________
1,608
$1,500-SI, 749______________
1,870
$1,750-$1,999______________
2,190
$2,000-$2,499______________
2, 722
$2,500-$2,999______________
3,481
$3,000-$4,999............................
(*)
$5,000 and over___________
Clerical
All nonrelief families---------- s 2,000
367
$0-$499 .................................648
$500--$749_________________
880
$750-$999_________________
1,130
$1,000-$1,249______________
1,371
$1,250-$1,499______________
1,607
$1,500-$1,749______________
1,867
$1,750-$1,999______________
2,226
$2,000-$2.499______________
2,690
$2,500-$2,999________ _____
3, 550
$3,000-$4,999______________
8,828
$5,000 and over___________
Business and professional
All nonrelief families---------- 8 2,836
329
$0-$499 __________________
651
$500-$749______ ___________
874
$750-$999_________________
$1,000-$1,249______________
1,137
1,364
$1,250-$1.499_______ ____
1,604
$1,500-$1,749______________
1,862
$1,750-$1,999______________
$2,000-$2.499______________
2, 229
$2,500-$2,999______________
2,713
$3,000-$4,999______________
3,779
7,841
$5,000 and over____________
Other
1,424
All nonrelief families______
All
sources
Earn
ings 3
(3)
(4)
$1,384
335
613
839
1,076
1,297
1,539
1,792
2,054
2,556
3,307
(*)
$1, 348
317
591
820
1,060
1,259
1, 508
1,732
2,008
2, 496
3,182
(*)
1,902
333
600
839
1,103
1,317
1,536
1,805
2,108
2,545
3, 348
8 , 219
Nonmoney income from—
Other
Owned
All
sources
home
Rent as
(positive or sources (positive or pay
negative) 3
negative ) 4
(6)
(5)
(7)
(8)
$36
18
22
19
16
38
31
60
46
60
125
$73
36
34
36
48
66
69
78
136
166
174
$64
24
26
27
38
58
64
71
129
152
167
$9
1,808
301
579
824
1,081
1,287
1,491
1,779
2,043
2,451
3, 213
4, 705
94
32
21
15
22
30
45
26
65
94
135
3, 514
98
34
48
41
27
54
71
62
118
145
202
609
94
34
48
34
25
51
68
58
114
145
199
609
4
2, 663
270
569
774
1,059
1 , 266
1,524
1,771
2,123
2, 553
3, 548
7,354
2,481
250
540
731
1,018
1,225
1,471
1,711
2,071
2,461
3,412
6,265
182
29
43
41
41
53
60
52
92
136
1,089
173
59
82
100
78
98
80
91
106
160
231
487
167
59
64
100
70
89
72
82
102
160
227
486
1,205
97
1,108
219
218
(*)
20
12
8
9
10
8
5
7
14
7
7
2
3
3
4
4
3
6
18
8
9
8
9
4
4
1
1
i The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2 ) of table 2A, whether or not they received
income from the specified source. Averages in columns (2 ), (3), (5), (6), and (7) are net figures, after deduc
tion for all families of business losses met from family funds or expenses for owned homes.
3 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
3 Includes money income other than earnings, after deduction of business losses met from family funds.
See glossary for definitions of “money income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
4 Represents the estimated rental value of owned home for the period of ownership and occupancy, less
estimated expenses allocable to that period.
5 Median incomes were as follows: Wage-earner families, $1,341; clerical families, $1,824; business and
professional families, $2,242.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
132
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
T a b l e 2 B . — Sources
DEN VER , COLO.
of fam ily incom e: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving incom e
from specified sources , and average am ount of such incom e , by fa m ily type and
incom e , 198 5-36
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combined]
Number of families receiving—
of
Income class and family type Number
families
(1 )
Type 1
All nonrelief families.....................
$0-$499________ _______________
$500-$749________ _____________
$750-$999............................................
$1,000-$1,249................ ..................$1,250-$1,499.....................................
$1,500-$1,749...............................
$1,750-$1,999.....................................
$2,000-$2,499__________________
$2,500-$2,999....................................$3,000-$4,999...............................
$5,000 n.nd nvp.r
Types II and III
All nonrelief fam ilies....................
$0-$499._......................... ..................
$500-$749__________ ____ ______
$750-$999______________________
$1,000-$1,249______ _____ ______
$1,250-$1,499.........-____ ________
$1,500-$1,749_____ _____________
$1,750-$1,999_.________________
$2,000-$2,499__________________
$2,500-$2,999__________________
$3,000-$4,999____ ____ _________
$5,000 and over________________
Types IV and V
All nonrelief fam ilies ___________
$0-$499________________________
$500-$749______________________
$750-$999______________________
$1,000-$1,249__________________
$1,250-$1,499__________________
$1,500-$1,749________ _____ ____
$1,750-$1,999__________________
$2,000-$2,499.....................................
$2,500-$2,999___ _____ _________
$3,000-$4,999___ ______ ________
$5,000 and over________ _______
See footnotes on p. 134.
(2 )
Money income from—
Nonmoney income from—
Other
Owned
Any
sources
home
Rent as
Earnings 1 (positive
or source 3 (positive or pay
negative) *
negative ) 4
(4)
( 6)
(5)
(3)
(7)
2,516
136
175
265
348
255
282
253
328
184
2,344
90
146
242
335
241
272
243
320
176
215
64
621
40
54
57
50
59
48
69
76
63
70
35
1,056
62
70
104
94
106
98
98
161
98
12 2
43
989
55
61
94
80
10 1
95
91
153
97
119
43
2,123
41
93
224
293
264
238
238
330
145
191
2,096
37
91
221
286
260
236
238
328
145
189
65
406
7
13
26
37
51
43
40
61
32
60
36
706
668
8
15
45
62
83
71
60
147
76
93
46
6
13
39
55
73
67
58
144
75
92
46
2,146
33
68
147
2,095
26
62
140
213
205
232
173
333
219
362
130
508
5
21
28
39
48
52
32
68
56
91
1,158
1,118
40
11
10
3
5
7
5
7
222
68
66
221
210
236
176
335
221
366
133
68
29
57
104
100
112
83
190
137
233
102
26
52
97
95
105
77
188
135
232
10 1
67
7
9
10
14
5
3
7
8
1
3
38
2
2
6
7
4
2
3
10
1
1
1
6
2
2
1
1
133
TABULAR SUMMARY
D EN VER , COLO.
T a b l e 2 B . — Sources
of fam ily in com e: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving incom e
from specified sources , and average am ount of such incom e , by fa m ily type and
incom e , 1 9S 5-S 6 1—Continued
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combined]
Average family income
Income class and family
type
(1 )
Money income from—
Total
(2 )
Type I
All nonrelief families______ «$1,879
$0-$499___________________
302
$500-$749_________________
640
$750-$999_________________
869
$1,000-$1,249______________
1,123
$1,250-$1,499______________
1, 367
$1,500-$1,749______________
1,594
$1,750-$1,999______________
1,869
$2,000~$2,499_______ _______
2, 213
$2,500-$2,999______________
2, 693
$3,000-$4,999______________
3, 679
$5,000 and over___________
9,489
Types II and III
All nonrelief fam ilies_____ «1,916
374
$0-$499___________________
$500-$749_______ __________
651
874
$750-$999________ _________
$1,000-$1,249______________
1,133
1,361
$1,250-$1,499______________
$1,500-$1,749______________
1 , 608
1 , 862
$1,750-$1,999______________
2, 219
$2,000-$2,499______________
$2,500-$2,999______________
2, 698
$3,000-$4,999______________
3, 689
5,000 and over__ _______ _ 6, 847
Types IV and V
All nonrelief fam ilies_____ * 2,400
$0-$499___________________
329
$500-$749_________________
652
$750-$999_________________
886
$1,000-$1,249______________
1,131
$1,250-$1,499______________
1, 373
$1,500-$1,749______________
1,618
$1,750-$1,999______________
1,870
$2,000-$2,499______________
2, 219
$2,500-$2,999______________
2, 725
$3,000-$4,999______________
3,705
$5,000 and over____________
7, 622
See footnotes on p. 135.
All
sources
Earn
ings 2
(3)
(4)
Nonmoney income from—
Other
Owned
sources
All
Rent as
home
(positive or sources (positive or pay
negative ) 3
negative) 4
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
$1,759
233
562
793
1,071
1,283
1,518
1, 774
2,073
2,515
3,433
8,891
$1,569
176
461
723
1,013
1,181
1,438
1,660
1, 965
2,305
3,175
5,845
$190
57
10 1
70
58
102
80
114
108
210
258
3,046
1,837
342
623
849
1,1 0 1
1,306
1, 553
1,816
2 ,12 0
2, 552
3,512
6, 464
1, 761
333
612
822
1, 063
1, 263
1, 503
1, 771
2,064
2, 504
3, 335
5, 704
2,244
278
574
817
1,047
1,280
1,512
1, 774
2,086
2, 564
3, 471
7,080
2,090
246
504
745
975
1, 204
1,438
1, 692
2, 019
2, 447
3, 327
5,968
$113
61
66
67
42
79
73
88
131
175
239
598
$7
69
78
76
52
84
76
95
140
178
246
598
76
9
11
27
38
43
50
45
56
48
177
760
79
32
28
25
32
55
55
46
99
146
177
383
75
28
23
22
25
45
50
44
95
143
176
383
4
4
5
3
7
10
5
2
4
3
154
32
70
72
72
76
74
82
67
117
144
156
51
78
69
84
93
106
96
133
161
234
542
151
47
71
60
76
85
96
85
131
158
232
541
5
4
9
1,1 12
$120
8
12
9
5
3
7
9
3
7
10
1
8
8
io
ll
2
3
2
1
134
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
DEN VER, COLO.
2B.— Sources of family income: Number of families receiving income
from specified sources, and average amount of such income, by family type and
income, 1935-36 1— Continued
T able
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combined]
Number of families receiving—
Income class and family type Number of
families
( 1)
Types V I and VII
All nonrelief families___________
$0-$499___........ .............................
$500-$749______________________
$750-$999______________________
$1.000-11,249____ ______________
$1,250-$1,499__________________
$1,500-$1,749__________________
$1,750-$1,999___________________
$2,000-$2,499__________________
$2,500-$2,999___________________
$3,000-$4,999....................................
$5,000 and over________________
Types V III and other
All nonrelief families___________
$0-$499________________________
$500-$749________________ _____
$750-$999______________________
$1,000-$1,249__________________
$1,250-$1,499__ ________________
$1,500-$1,749____ _____ ________
$1,750-$1,999__________________
$2,000-$2,499__________________
$2,500-$2,999__________________
$3,000-$4,999___ ____ __________
$5,000 and over________________
(2 )
Money income from—
Nonmoney income from—
Other
sources
Earnings 1 (positive
or
negative )2
(3)
(4)
Owned
Any
home
Rent as
source 3 (positive or Pay
negative ) 4
(5)
(6)
(7)
480
9
17
55
66
63
64
49
64
36
34
23
471
7
16
55
62
63
63
49
63
36
34
23
106
183
178
5
2
2
1
1
2
11
1
12 1
118
1
1
4
7
7
7
15
14
14
16
28
8
3
7
7
6
14
14
14
16
28
8
13
8
17
7
13
3
11
15
12
10
9
13
18
36
19
21
18
15
18
21
18
34
19
21
18
23
62
61
2
2
2
2
1
3
20
21
2
2
1
3
4
5
5
2
6
2
17
7
4
6
11
2
2
1
3
4
5
5
6
11
16
7
1
1 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
2 Includes families having money income other than earnings, families having business losses met from
family funds, and families having both such losses and such income. See glossary for definitions of “money
income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
3 The total of the numbers of families in columns (6) and (7), since no family reported nonmoney income
from both sources.
* Includes families with losses from owned homes as well as families whose estimated rental value of owned
homes for the period of ownership and occupancy exceeded estimated expenses allocable to that period.
135
TABULAR SUMMARY
DEN VER , COLO.
2B .— Sources of family income: Number of families receiving income
from specified sources, and average amount of such income, by family type and
income, 1935-86 1— Continued
T able
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combined]
Average family income
Money income from—
Income class and family
type
Total
(2 )
(1)
Types V I and VII
All nonrelief families______ f$2, 041
328
$0-$499 .....................................
638
$500-$749_________________
883
$750-$999............ .....................
1,1 2 2
$1,000-$1,249______________
1, 365
$1,250-$1,499______________
1,596
$1,500-$1,749______________
1 , 862
$1,750-$1,999._____________
2,207
$2,000-12,499_________ ____
2, 724
$2,500-$2,999______________
3,803
$3,000-$4,999______________
$5,000 and over____________ 8,494
Types VIII and other
All nonrelief families--------- « 2, 571
$0-$499___________________
$500-$749_____ ____ _______
V 671
846
$750-$999_ ______________
$1,000-$1,249______________
1,128
1, 356
$1,250-$1,499___________
1,640
$1,500-$1,749______________
1,870
$1,750-$1,999______________
2, 224
$2,000-$2,499______________
2,714
$2,500-$2,999______________
3, 773
$3,000-$4,999______________
6,703
$5,000 and over___________
Nonmoney income from—
(3)
Other
Owned
All
Earn
sources
home
Rent as
ings 2 (positive or sources (positive or pay
negative ) 2
negative ) 4
(5)
(6)
(4)
(7)
( 8)
$ 1 ,949
317
607
858
1,083
1,312
1, 543
1,784
2,085
2 , 602
3,617
8,052
$1,847
249
575
838
1,013
1,282
1,503
1,732
2,017
2 , 528
3, 400
7,143
2,429
2,311
(*)
416
728
1,048
1,0 20
1,458
1, 735
2,026
2,535
3, 328
6,194
All
sources
^ 566
815
1,048
1,261
1, 570
1, 778
2,124
2 , 567
3, 573
6, 254
$10 2
$92
$90
68
11
11
32
20
70
30
40
52
68
74
217
909
186
442
18
25
39
49
53
78
113
122
186
442
118
142
139
150
87
241
112
43
98
32
245
60
105
31
80
95
70
92
100
147
200
449
105
31
80
95
70
92
100
147
192
449
31
25
39
53
53
78
122
122
$2
13
4
9
(*)
8
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2) of table 2B, whether or not they re"
ceived income from the specified source. Averages in columns (2), (3), (5), (6), and (7) are net figures*
after deduction for all families of business losses met from family funds or expenses for owned home.
2 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
3 Includes money income other than earnings, after deduction of business losses. See glossary for defi
nitions of “money income other than earnings” and “business losses” .
* Represents the estimated rental value of owned home for the period of ownership and occupancy, less
estimated expenses allocable to that period.
* Median incomes were as follows: Families of type I, $1,570; families of types H and III, $1,654; families
of types IV and V, $1,974; families of types VI and VII, $1,617; families of types VIII and other, $2,172.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
78127°—40-
■10
136
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
D EN VER , COLO.
3 . — Money earnings: Number of families receiving net money earnings
and average net money earnings received from each source, by income, 1985-36
T able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Number of families receiving net
money earnings from—
Income class
Number
of
families
(1)
(2 )
All families. ...............................
Relief families.......................
Nonrelief families__________
$0-$249. _______ ________
$250-$499_ ___________
$500-$749_______________
$750-$999_ ______ _______
$1,000-$1,249.......................
$1,250-$1,499....................$1,500-$1,749____________
$1,750-$1,999____________
$2,000-$2,249____________
$2,250-$2,499____________
$2,500-$2,999____________
$3,000-$3,499____________
$3,500-$3,999____________
$4,000-$4,499 ____ _____
$4,500-$4,999 ___________
$5,000-$7,499 ___________
$7,500-$9,999 ___________
$10,000 and o v e r ........... .
, 572
1,186
7,386
62
158
357
698
935
799
835
730
642
429
602
365
219
166
91
213
36
49
8
Average net money earn
ings from i—
Other
Roomers
not
and
Indi Roomers work
Indi boarders
Any vidual
All
attrib
and
vidual
source earners boarders
utable sources earners
and
2
to indi
other
viduals
work 3
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
, 223
1,099
7,124
30
131
318
665
903
775
817
717
635
423
592
361
217
162
88
209
34
47
8
8,168
1,082
7,086
29
124
311
656
897
772
814
716
633
423
592
361
217
162
88
209
35
47
591
88
503
3
14
39
62
59
61
66
53
43
16
38
21
7
5
2
12
1
1
99 $1, 632 $1,619
24
563
553
75 1,805 1,793
72
70
278
262
6
5
513
494
752
6
768
12
1 ,0 2 1
1,009
14 1 , 221 1,206
6
1,463 1,450
12
1, 709 1,692
2
1,932 1,915
3 2,144 2,137
3 2,424 2,410
5 2,870 2,854
1
3, 301 3, 290
3, 719 3, 711
4,173 4,172
5.003 4,991
7.004 7,004
9, 464 9,462
$13
10
12
2
16
19
16
12
15
13
17
17
7
14
16
(•*)
11
8
1
12
2
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2 ), whether or not they received money
earnings from the specified source.
2 Includes only families which had net money earnings from roomers and boarders (i. e., whose gross
income from roomers and boarders exceeded estimated expenses). In addition, there were a few families
which had roomers and boarders but which received from them no net money earnings.
3 Includes net money earnings from roomers and boarders and from other work not attributable to indi
viduals (casual work in home, such as laundry and sewing). Average net money earnings of all nonrelief
families from other work not attributable to individuals were $1 .
** $0. 50 or less.
137
TABULAR SUMMARY
D EN VER , COLO.
3A.— Money earnings: Number of families receiving net money earnings
and average net money earnings received from each source, by occupation and
income, 1935-36
T able
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Number of families receiving net
money earnings from—
Income class and occupa
tional group
Number
of
families
(1 )
(2 )
Wage earner
All nonrelief families...............
$0-$499___ ____ ____________
$500-$749______ ____________
$750-$999__________________
$1,000-$1,249_______________
$1,250-$1,499__...........................
$1,500-$1,749____ ____ ______
$1,750-$1,999____ ____ ______
$2,000-$2,499 ______
$2,500-$2,999______ ________
$3,000-$4,999
$5,000 and over
Clerical
All nonrelief families_______
$0-$499_______ _____________
$500-$749____ ______________
$750-$999__________________
$1,000-$1,249_______________
$1,250-11,499_______________
$1,500-$1,749 .
$1,750-$1,999_______________
$2,000-$2,499_______________
$2,500-$2,999 ______
$3,000-$4,999_______________
$5,000 and over
Business and professional
All nonrelief families_______
$0-$499_______ _____________
$500-$749_____ _____________
$750-$999__________________
$1,000-$1,249_______________
$1,250-$1,499_______________
$1,500-$1,749_______________
$1,750-$1,999_______________
$2,000-$2,499_______________
$2,500-$2,999____ ___________
$3,000-$4,999_______________
$5,000 and over
Other
All nonrelief families __ __
Other
Roomers
not
and
Indi boarders
Indi Roomers work
Any vidual
attrib
All
and
vidual and
source earners boarders
sources earners
2 utable
to indi
other
viduals
work 3
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
182
3
21
30
27
2,706
99
200
421
494
380
331
248
330
123
79
2,706
99
200
421
494
380
331
248
330
123
79
2,705
98
200
421
494
380
331
248
330
123
79
1,907
17
40
127
208
219
271
241
356
208
198
1,907
17
40
127
208
219
271
241
356
208
198
1,907
17
40
127
208
219
271
241
356
208
198
22
10
12
1
43
78
117
201
175
215
227
371
261
546
267
2, 495
41
78
116
200
175
214
227
371
261
546
266
2, 457
33
71
107
194
172
2 11
226
369
261
546
267
199
13
13
25
17
21
29
17
17
15
19
13
272
16
17
1
22
,
2 £01
Average net money earnings from i—
1
22
1
22
20
18
24
13
4
28 $1,348 $1,338
2
317
314
2
591
581
4
820
810
8
1,060 1,052
6
1, 259 1,251
1
1,508 1, 497
4 1, 732 1,719
2,008 1,991
1
2,496 2,474
3,182 3,179
(*)
(*)
122
20
1
1
2
1
5
7
15
18
17
18
18
3
2
5
4
2
27
3
1
1
1
6
5
3
1
2
4
1,808
301
579
824
1,081
1, 287
1,491
1,779
2, 043
2, 451
3, 213
4, 705
1,794
291
559
816
1,069
1, 272
1,481
1, 764
2,032
2, 440
3,195
4, 696
2,481
250
540
731
1,018
1, 225
1, 471
1, 711
2, 071
2, 461
3, 412
6,265
2, 464
97
97
200
487
686
995
1,198
1,445
1,685
2,055
2,447
3, 405
6, 257
$10
3
10
10
8
8
11
13
17
3
22
14
10
20
8
12
15
15
10
11
11
18
9
17
50
53
45
23
27
26
26
16
14
7
8
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2), whether or not they received money
earnings from the specified source.
* Includes only families which had net money earnings from roomers and boarders (i. e., whose gross
income from roomers and boarders exceeded estimated expenses). In addition, there were some families
which had roomers and boarders but which had no net money earnings from them.
3 Includes net money earnings from roomers and boarders and from other work not attributable to indi
viduals (casual work in home, such as laundry and sewing). Average net money earnings of all nonrelief
families from other work not attributable to individuals were as follows: Wage-earner families, $1; clerical
families, $2 ; business and professional families, $1 .
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
138
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
DEN VER . COLO.
3B.— Money earnings: Number of families receiving net money earnings,
and average net money earnings received from each source, by family type and
income, 1935-86
T able
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combined]
Number of families receiving net
money earnings from—
Income class and family type
Number
of
families
(1 )
(2 )
Average net money earn
ings from i—
Other
Roomers
not
and
Indi Roomers work
Indi boarders
Any vidual
All
attrib
and
vidual
utable sources earners
source earners boarders
and
2
to indi
other
viduals
w ork 3
( 6)
(7)
(3)
(4)
(8 )
(5)
(9)
Type 1
2,516 2,344 2,316
165
17 $1,569 $1,554
All nonrelief families..............
$15
136
4
176
90
82
11
$0-$499__......................................
162
14
175
1
461
146
142
18
$500-$749_................................440
21
265
242
4
723
236
31
$750-$999_________ _____ ___
700
23
348
1,013 1,000
335
22
2
332
$1,000-$1,249...............................
13
241
1,181 1,170
255
1
239
17
$1,250-$1,499................- ...........
11
282
272
268
18
3 1,438 1,422
$1,500-$! ,749_______________
16
253
243
2
243
16
1,660 1,641
$1,750-$1,999........ ......................
19
328
1,965 1,950
320
318
13
$2,000-$2,499 ______________
15
184
176
176
7
2,305 2,297
8
$2,500-$2,999___________ ___
11
222
215
3,175 3,164
215
9
$3,000-$4,999_______________
9
68
64
3
5,845 5,836
65
$5,000 and over_____________
Types II and III
2,123 2,096 2,094
127
25 1,761 1,751
All nonrelief families. ............
10
41
$0-$499.........................................
37
37
333
333
93
91
91
612
11
2
$500-$749__.................................
602
10
224
221
822
$750-$999_..................................
220
8
1
817
5
293
286
286
17
1,063 1,054
$1,000-$1,249______ _________
6
9
264
21
4 1,263 1,252
260
$1,250-$1,499.______________
260
11
238
236
236
17
3 1.503 1,497
$1,500-$1,749_______________
6
238
238
237
17
$1,750-$1,999.______ ________
5 1,771 1,758
13
330
2,064 2,057
328
328
17
2
$2,000-$2,499_______________
7
145
2,504 2,488
145
145
12
1
$2,500-$2,999_______________
16
191
4
1
189
189
3, 335 3, 331
$3,000-$4,999.______________
4
7
66
5,704 5,697
65
3
65
$5,000 and over_________ ___
Types IV and V
2,146 2,095 2,086
179
27 2,090 2,071
All nonrelief families_______
19
$0-$499.........................................
33
26
25
6
2
246
224
22
68
62
504
$500-$749.....................................
59
6
2
479
25
147
$750-$999......................................
138
18
1
140
745
722
23
221
$1,000-$1,249...............................
213
2
210
19
975
959
16
204
$1,250-$1,499..............................
210
205
20
7 1,204 1,181
23
236
232
$1,500-$1,749...............................
233
28
1,438 1,419
19
176
173
$1,750-$1,999...............................
173
16
5 1,692 1,668
24
$2,000-$2,499...............................
335
333
333
2
25
2,019 2 ,0 0 1
* 18
221
1
219
219
18
$2,500-$2,999_____________
2,447 2,428
19
366
362
362
$3,000-$4,999_______________
16
5 3,327 3,312
15
133
$5,000 and over________ ____
130
130
7 1............ .
5,968 5,960
8
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2), whether or not they received money
earnings from the specified source.
2 Includes only families which had net money earnings from roomers and boarders (i. e., whose gross
income from roomers and boarders exceeded estimated expense). In addition, there were some families
which had roomers and boarders but which had no net money earnings from them.
3 Includes net money earnings from roomers and boarders and from other work not attributable to indi
viduals (casual work in home, such as laundry and sewing). Average net money earnings of all nonrelief
families from other work not attributable to individuals were as follows: Family type I, $0.50 or less; family
types II and III, $2; family types IV and V, $2; family types VI and VII, $2; family types VIII and other, $1.
139
TABULAR SUMMARY
DEN VER , COLO.
3B.— Money earnings: Number of families receiving net money earningsr
and average net money earnings received from each source, by family type and
income, 1935-86— Continued
T able
Number of families receiving net
money earnings from—
Income class and family type
Number
of
families
(1 )
(2 )
Types VI and VII
All nonrelief families. ............
$0-$499______ ________ _____
$500-$749....................................
$750-$999 ................................
$1,000-$1,249_______________
$1,250-$1,499_______________
$1,500-$1,749_.......... ..................
$1,750-$1,999_______________
$2,000-$2,499_______________
$2,500-$2,999_______________
$3,000-$4,999 ........................
$5,000 and over ____ _ _
Types VIII and other
All nonrelief fam ilies..............
$0-$499 .....................................
$500-$749.................... .................
$750-$999_______ ___________
$1,000-$1,249 ______________
$1,250-$1,499_............................
$1,500-$1,749_______________
$1,750-$1,999 ............ .
$2,000-$2,499.........................
$9^^00-^000
$3J000-$4J000
$5,000 and over
Other
Roomers
not
and
Indi Roomers work
Indi boarders
Any vidual
attrib
All vidual
and
sources earners boarders utable sources earners and
to indi
other
viduals
work
(3)
(5)
(7)
(4)
( 6)
(8)
(9)
480
9
17
55
66
63
64
49
64
36
34
23
471
7
16
55
62
63
63
49
63
36
34
23
472
25
8
16
55
62
63
63
49
63
36
34
23
4
5
1
3
1
3
4
1
2
1
5 $1,847 $1,839
249
249
575
550
834
838
2
1,013 1,009
2
1,282 1,278
1,503 1,502
1,732 1,728
2,017 2,006
1
2,528 2,509
3,400 3,385
7,143 7,140
12 1
118
118
7
1
1
1
1
4
7
7
7
15
14
14
16
28
8
3
7
7
6
14
14
14
16
28
8
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
Average net money earn
ings from—
3
7
7
6
14
14
14
16
28
8
2
1
1
4
2,311
(*)
416
728
1,048
1.0 20
1,458
1,735
2,026
2, 535
3, 328
6,194
2,298
(*)
416
728
1,048
1,0 20
1,412
1,715
2,019
2,535
3,309
6,194
8
25
4
4
4
1
4
11
19
15
3
13
46
20
7
19
140
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
4.—Principal earners: Number and average yearly earnings of principal
earners, classified as husbands, wives, and others, with weeks of employment of
D EN VER , COLO.
T able
principal earners, by income, 1985-86
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
ALL OCCUPATIONAL GROUPS »
Number of principgil earners
Income class
Number
of fami
lies
A ll 3
Hus
bands
Wives
(1 )
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
8,572
1,186
7, 386
62
158
357
698
935
799
835
730
642
429
602
365
219
166
91
213
36
49
8,168
1,082
7,086
29
124
311
656
897
772
814
716
633
423
592
361
217
162
88
209
35
47
7, 570
954
6,616
27
103
287
619
845
712
760
668
599
398
541
332
207
154
84
200
35
45
All fam ilies-.-......................-............................
Relief families------------------- -------------------Nonrelief families----------------------------------$0-$249________________________ ___
$250-$499___________________________
$500-$749___________________________
$750-$999___________________________
$1,000-$1,249________________________
$1,250-$1,499________________________
$1,500-$1,749________________________
$1,750-$1,999________________________
$2,000-$2,249________________________
$2,250-$2,499________________________
$2,500-$2,999________________________
$3,000-$3,499_____ ___________________
$3,500-$3,999________________________
$4,000-$4,499______ ____ _____________
$4,500-$4,999______ _______ __________
$5,000-17,499________________________
$7,500-$9,999_____ _____ _____________
$ 10,000 and o v e r _________ _________
Average
weeks of
employ
Income class
ment of
principal
earners 3
(9)
(8)
49
All families_____________________________
39
Relief families_______ ________ ______ .
50
Nonrelief families----------------------------------33
$0-$249
_____ ___________________
$250-$499 _______ ___________________
35
44
$500-$749___________________________
48
$750-$999__________ _________________
$1,000-$1,249________________________
50
51
$1,250-$1,499.____ ___________________
51
$1,500-$1,749.____ ___________________
51
$1,750-$1,999________________________
51
$2,000-$2,249____ _________________ 51
$2,250-$2,499________________________
52
$2,500-$2,999________________________
52
$3,000-$3,499________________________
52
$3,500-$3,999_______ _________________
51
$4,000-$4,499.........................— ...........
52
$4,500-$4,999.................................................
52
$5,000-$7,499______ ______ ___________
52
$7,500-$9,999 _
52
$ 10,000 and over. _______________ _
Others
Male
(6)
313
69
244
Female
(7)
175
39
136
1
15
17
24
27
34
24
25
17
12
22
12
4
6
1
2
1
110
20
90
1
6
4
5
11
15
15
14
9
9
19
15
5
3
8
14
11
15
9
8
4
5
2
2
2
1
10
2
1
1
Average earnings of principal earners *
Others
Male Female
(14)
(13)
( 12 )
( 10 )
$1,566
$921 $1,025
$924
404
516
560
617
1,171
1, 720
1, 067
992
140
(*)
(*)
287
273
317
342
544
420
435
601
464
680
777
1,015
812
788
761
1,182
849
813
853
1,377
1,049
908
1,047
1 , 601
952
1,187
956
1,374
1, 779
1,180
1,123
1,249
1,987
1, 327
1,130
2,141
1, 565
1,523
1,103
2, 560
1, 742
1, 570
(*)
2,433
1,868
1,960
(*)
3, 440
1,901
(*)
3,869
(*)
(*)
(*)
2, 2 11
4, 738
(*)
(*)
6,908
9, 556
(*)
(*)
i Includes 272 families classified in the occupational group “ Other”, who are not included in table 4A,
pp. 141-143. These families had 17 principal earners.
3 The total number of principal earners given in column (3) is equivalent to the total number of families
having individual earners, since a family can have only one principal earner. The difference between the
totals in columns (2) and (3) is explained by the fact that column (2), number of families, includes cases in
which none of the family income was attributable to individual earners.
8 Averages in this column are based on the number of principal earners reporting weeks of employment.
* Averages in this section of the table are based on the corresponding counts of principal earners in columns
(3) through (7).
♦ Averages not computed for fewer thaD 3 cases.
All
Hus
bands
(1 1 )
$1,615
572
1,765
144
324
555
788
1,029
1 , 210
1,404
1 , 639
1,811
2,032
2, 205
2, 639
2,988
3, 525
3,934
4,815
6,908
9,800
Wives
141
TABULAR SUMMARY
D EN VER , COLO.
4A.— Principal earners: Number and average yearly earnings of principal
earners, classified as husbands, wives, and others, with weeks of employment of
principal earners, by occupation and income, 1 935-S 6
T able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
OCCUPATIONAL GROUP: WAGE EAR NER
Number of principal earners
Income class
Number
of families
(1 )
All nonrelief fam ilies.______________ ___
$0-$499_________________________________
$500-$749_______________________________
$750-$999 _________________________ .
$1,000-$1,249 . —_______ _______ _____
$1,250-$1,499 ________________________
$1,500-$1,749 ________________________
$1,750-$1,999 ____ _______________ -$2,000-$2,499 _____ __________________
$2,500~$2,999 _______ ______________
$3,000-$4,999 _________________________
$5,000 and over
_ _____________
A1U
Hus
bands
Wives
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
2,706
99
200
421
494
380
331
248
330
123
79
2,705
98
200
421
494
380
331
248
330
123
79
2,570
81
185
407
472
365
317
236
319
113
74
1
ncome class
Average
weeks of
employ
ment of
principal
earners 2
(8)
(9)
All nonrelief families________________ _ .
$0-$499 _________ ________________
$500-$749 ______________________________
$750-$999 ________ _________________
$1,000-$1,249 __________________________
$1,250-$1,499 _ ______________ _____
$1,500-$1,749 ________________________
$1,750-$1,999 ___________________________
$2,000-$2,499 __________________________
$2,500-$2,999 . . . ____________________
$3,000-$4,999 ________________________
$5,000 and over
_________ __________
(*)
49
35
43
48
50
50
51
51
51
52
52
For footnotes 1, 2 , 3 see 2, 3 and 4 of table 4 on p. 140.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
1
Others
Male
(6)
63
12
11
10
14
8
5
2
1
1
Female
(7)
59
5
2
3
6
7
7
9
7
9
4
13
2
1
2
2
3
2
1
Average earnings of principal earners 3
All
Hus
bands
Wives
( 10 )
(ID
( 12 )
$1, 219
295
558
791
1, 013
1,186
1,373
1, 588
1, 780
2 , 016
2, 366
$1, 244
298
569
801
1,026
1, 205
1, 393
1, 630
1, 805
2, 057
2,434
(*)
(*)
$578
267
435
498
769
645
856
(*)
(*)
Others
Male
(13)
$957
319
(*)
476
784
823
1,014
818
1,059
1, 619
1,452
Female
(14)
$595
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
576
(*)
(*)
142
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
DEN VER , COLO.
4A.— Principal earners: Number and average yearly earnings of principal
earners, classified as husbands, wives, and others, with weeks of employment of
principal earners, by occupation and income, 1985-36— Continued
T able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
OCCUPATIONAL GROUP: CLERICAL
Number of principal earners
Income class
Number
of families
(1)
All nonrelief families.
$0-$499 ____________
$500-$749___________
$750-$999___________
$1,000-$1,249________
$1,250-$1,499________
$1,500-$1,749________
$1,750-$1,999________
$2,000-$2,499__........ .
$2,500-$2,999__.......... .
$3,000-$4,999________
$5,000 and over____ .
All *
Hus
bands
Wives
( 2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
1,907
17
4C
127
208
219
271
241
356
208
198
22
1,907
17
40
127
208
219
271
241
356
208
198
1.696
13
35
113
187
186
242
216
326
183
177
18
Income class
Average
weeks of
employ
ment of
principal
earners 2
(8)
(9)
All nonrelief families.. . ........ .....................
$0-$499 ____________ _________________
$500-$749____________ ___________________
$750-$999.___________________________ _
$1,000-$1,249_________________________ —
$1,250-$1,499____________________________
$1,500-$1,749____________________________
$1,750-$1,999____________________________
$2,000-$2,499_ _____ _____________________
$2,500-$2,999____________________________
$3,000-$4,999____________________________
$5,000 and over_______ __________________
51
22
44
49
51
51
51
52
51
52
52
52
For footnotes 1, 2, 3 see 2 , 3 and 4 of table 4 on p.140.
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
22
Others
Male
(6)
103
3
2
8
8
18
13
18
17
11
5
Female
(7)
49
59
2
1
5
9
1
1
4
5
4
3
7
6
14
3
10
12
4
6
8
2
1
Average earnings of principal earners 3
All
Hus
bands
Wives
( 10 )
(ID
( 12 )
$1,615
278
520
793
1,034
1,192
1, 382
1 , 612
1,864
2,093
2,635
4,282
$1 , 680
304
530
803
1, 059
1,249
1,425
1,660
1,923
2 , 208
2, 746
4,745
$1,077
250
(*)
713
859
912
1,126
1,194
1,228
1, 347
1,662
Others
Male
(13)
$1, 255
(*)
(*)819
788
555
1,390
1,384
1,314
1,718
1,689
Female
(14)
$992
(*)
(*)
721
781
843
1,062
1,083
1,019
1,075
(*)
o
143
TABULAR SUMMARY
D E N V E R , COLO*
T
4A.— Principal earners:
earners , classified as husbands ,
Number and average yearly earnings of prin cipal
wives, and others, with weeks of em ploym ent of
prin cipal earners, by occupation and income , 19S5-86 — Continued
able
[White families including hu band and wife, both native bora: All family types combined]
OCCUPATIONAL GROUP: BUSINESS A N D PROFESSIONAL
Number of principal earners
Income class
Number
of families
)
0
All nonrelief families_____________ ______
$0-$499__...............................................................
$500-$749__________ ___________________
$750-$999__________ ____________________
$1,000-$1,249____ ___ ______ _____________
$1,250-$1,499 ____ ______________________
$1,500-$1,749_____ _____________________
$1,750-$1,999____________________________
$2,000-$2,499 ____ ____ _______________
$2,500-$2,999_____ ____________________ __
$3,000-$4,999____________________________
$5,000 and over_________________________
All i
Hus
bands
Wives
( 2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
2,501
43
78
117
201
175
215
227
371
261
546
267
2,457
33
71
107
194
172
2 11
226
369
261
546
267
2,334
31
67
98
185
160
200
216
351
245
521
260
Income class
Average
weeks of
employ
ment of
principal
earners 2
(8)
(9)
All nonrelief families____________________
$0-$499 ______________________________
$500-$749_______________________________
$750-$999_______________________________
$1,000-$1,249________ _________________
$1,250-$1,499 ___________________________
$1,500-$1,749 ___________________________
$1,750-$1,999______________ _____________
$2,000-$2,499____________________________
$2,500-12,999____________________________
$3,000-$4,999 __________________ ____
$5,000 and over__________ _________ _____
51
39
46
49
51
50
51
51
52
52
52
52
For footnotes 1, 2, 3 see 2, 3, and 4 of table 4 on p. 140.
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
Others
Male
(0)
Female
(7)
78
27
1
1
4
6
5
18
1
1
2
3
3
4
1
4
4
5
3
8
6
7
10
11
17
3
1
1
2
4
1
3
1
Average earnings of principal earners
Others
All
Hus
bands
Wives
GO)
(1 1 )
( 12 )
Male
(13)
$2,356
260
518
706
1,000
1,160
1,377
1,606
1.936
2,237
3,186
5,925
$2. 404
258
529
715
1,008
1,180
1,394
1 , 626
1, 964
2,271
3, 246
5,982
$1,439
(*)322
623
727
912
1,045
1,170
1,289
1,784
1,880
5,866
$1,500
(*)
(*)
(*)
830
1,075
(*)
1,624
1,621
2, 302
2, 305
Female
(14)
$1, 251
(*) 937
(*)
(*)
1,366
<*)
1,502
(*)
144
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
D EN VER , COLO.
T able
4JB.— P rincipal earners: Num ber and average yearly earnings of prin cipal
earners , classified as husbands, wives, and others, with weeks of em ploym ent of
principal earners, by fa m ily type and incom e, 1935-36
| White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combined]
FAM ILY TYPE I
Number of principal earners
Income class
Number
of families
( 1)
All nonrelief families.
$0-$499_____________
$500-$749___________
$750-$999___________
$1,000-$1,249________
$1,250-$1,499________
$1,500-$1,749________
$1,750-$1,999________
$2,000-$2,499________
$2,500-$2,999.............
$3,000-$4,999________
$5,000 and over_____
A ll 1
Hus
bands
Wives
( 2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
2,516
136
175
265
348
255
282
253
328
184
2, 316
82
142
236
332
239
268
243
318
176
215
65
2,167
72
131
221
315
220
253
228
298
159
207
63
222
68
Income class
Average
weeks of
employ
ment of
principal
earners 2
(8)
(9)
All nonrelief families.
$0-$499_____________
$500-$749___________
$750-$999___________
$1,000-$1,249________
$1,250-$1,499________
$1,500-$1,749________
$1,750-$1,999-...........
$2,000-32,499________
$2,500-$2,999_______
$3,000-$4,999_______
$5,000 and over_____
50
36
44
49
50
50
51
51
51
51
52
52
148
10
11
15
17
19
15
15
19
17
8
2
Others
M ale 4 Female
( 6)
(7)
1
_____
________
________
...........
________
________
________
1
________
_____
_____
Average earnings of principal earners 3
All
Hus
bands
Wives
( 10)
( 11)
( 12)
$1, 568
253
524
758
1,0 02
1,188
1,388
1, 587
1,841
2,148
2, 967
5,854
$1 , 602
251
533
769
1, 014
1 , 216
1,405
1,609
1,880
2,206
3,009
5,875
$1,066
266
407
588
793
854
1,110
1.258
1,257
1,605
1,885
(*)
Others
Male
(13)
Female
(14)
(*)
______
______
______
______
______
___
______
(*)
______
______
--------
For footnotes 1 , 2 , 3 see 2 , 3, and 4 of table 4 on p. 140.
4
This individual was a member of the family for less than 27 weeks. His presence in the family, there
fore, was not inconsistent with classification of the family type. See glossary for further explanation of
family type.
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
145
TABULAR SUMMARY
D EN VER , COLO.
4B.— P rincipal earners: Number and average yearly earnings of principal
earners, classified as husbands, wives, and others, with weeks of employment of
principal earners, by family type and income, 1935-36— Continued
T able
FAM ILY TYPES II A N D III
Number of principal earners
Income class
Number
of families
(1)
All nonrelief families.
$0-$499_____________
$500-$749................
$750-$999___________
$1,000-$1,249________
$1,250-SI,499________
$1,500-$1,749________
$1,750-$1,999________
$2,000-$2,499________
$2,500-$2,999________
$3,000-$4,999________
$5,000 and over_____
All i
Hus
bands
Wives
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
2,123
41
93
224
293
264
238
238
330
145
191
66
2,094
37
91
220
286
260
236
237
328
145
189
65
2, 056
34
90
216
281
253
232
233
324
142
186
65
Income class
Average
weeks of
employ
ment of
principal
earners 2
( 8)
(9)
All nonrelief families.
$0-$499........................
$500-$749___________
$750-$999___________
$1,000-$1,249________
$1,250-$1,499________
$1,500-$1,749________
$1,750-$1,999________
$2,000-$2,499________
$2,500-$2,999..........
$3,000-$4,999________
$5,000 and over_____
51
38
45
50
51
51
51
52
52
52
52
52
For footnotes 1, 2, 3, see 2, 3, and 4 of table 4 on p. 140.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
Others
Male
(6)
Female
(7)
38
3
1
4
5
7
4
4
4
3
3
Average earnings of principal earners 3
All
Hus
bands
Wives
( 10)
(ID
( 12)
$1,734
354
605
820
1, 070
1, 240
1, 462
1, 726
2, 012
2, 388
3,297
5,708
$1,749
362
606
822
1,075
1, 251
1, 470
1, 739
2, 022
2, 405
3, 328
5,708
$934
261
(*)676
757
864
982
1,002
1,230
1, 583
1,327
Others
Male
(13)
Female
(14)
146
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
DEN VER , COLO.
4B.— P rincipal earners: Number and average yearly earnings of principal
earners, classified as husbands, wives, and others, with weeks of employment of
principal earners, by family type and income, 1935-36— Continued
T able
FAM ILY TYPES IV AND V
Number of principal earners
Income class
Number
of families
0)
$0-$499 _______________________________
$500-$749_________ _____________________
$750-$999_______________________________
$1,000-$1,249 ___________ ____ ___________
$l'250-$L499 ___________ _____________
$1,500-$1,749____________________________
$1,750-$1,999____ ____ ___________________
$2,000-$2,499_____ ______________________
$2,500-$2,999____________________________
$3,000-$4,999__ ____ ____________________
$5,000 and over______________ _______ ___
A1U
Hus
bands
Wives
(2)
(3)
W
(5)
2,146
33
68
147
221
210
236
176
335
221
366
133
2,086
25
59
138
210
204
233
173
333
219
362
130
1,837
17
48
122
183
174
202
146
303
192
327
123
Income class
Average
weeks of
employ
ment of
principal
earners 2
(8)
(9)
All nonrelief fam ilies___________________
$0-$499________________ _________________
$500-$749 ______________________________
$750-$999_______________ ______________
$1,000-$1,249____________________________
$1,250-$1,499____________________________
$1,500-$1,749______________________ ___
$1,750-$1,999____________________________
$2,000-$2,499____________________________
$2,500-$2,999____________________________
$3,000-$4,999____ ____ ______ ______ _____
$5,000 and over ______________________ _
50
29
43
46
50
50
50
51
51
52
52
52
For footnotes 1, 2, 3, see 2, 3, and 4 of table 4 on p. 140.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
53
2
5
4
4
7
4
6
6
2
12
1
Others
Male
(6)
Female
(7)
115
5
3
4
10
13
13
12
15
16
20
4
81
1
3
8
13
10
14
9
9
9
3
2
Average earnings of principal earners3
Others
A11
All
Hus
bands
Wives
GO)
(ID
(12)
Male
(13)
$1,863
281
489
729
953
1,094
1, 259
1,454
1, 741
1,984
2, 858
5,630
$1,963
290
507
744
976
1,140
1,304
1, 535
1, 786
2,080
2,969
5,773
$1, 209
(*)
416
594
844
835
903
1,136
1,198
(*)
1,855
(*)
$1,179
230
377
503
822
785
920
1,004
1, 398
1, 446
1,792
2,239
Female
(14)
$987
(*)
435
680
768
876
1,027
956
1,146
1,066
1,925
(*)
147
TABULAE SUMMARY
DEN VER , COLO.
T
415.— Principal earners: Number and average yearly earnings of principal
earners, classified as husbands, wives, and others,
weeks of employment of
principal earners, 6t/ family type and income, 1 98 5-86 — Continued
able
FAM ILY TYPES VI A N D VII
Number of principal earners
Income class
Number
of families
(1)
(2)
All nonrelief families. _________________
$0-$499_________ _______ . . . _________
$500-$749_...............—____ ________________
$750-$999______________________________
$1,000-$1,249____________________________
$1,250-$1,499____________________________
$1,500-$1,749____________________________
$1,750-$1,999____________________________
$2,000-$2,499___________________________
$2,500-$2,999_______________________ . . .
$3,000-$4,999____________________________
$5,000 and o v er_________ _____________
480
9
17
55
66
63
64
49
64
36
34
23
Income class
Average
weeks of
employ
ment of
principal
earners 2
(S)
(9)
All nonrelief families.
$0-$499_____________
$500-$749..................
$750-$999___________
$1,000-$1,249________
$1,250-$1,499________
$1,500-$1,749________
$1,750-$1,999............
$2,000-$2,499________
$2,500-$2,999________
$3,000-$4,999________
$5,000 and over--------
51
33
43
49
50
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
A1U
Hus
bands
Wives
(3)
(4)
(5)
472
8
16
55
62
63
63
49
63
36
34
22
Male
(6)
4
1
Female
(7)
6
1
1
1
1
3
11
1
1
1
1
1
1
Average earnings of principal earners !
Others
A ll
Hus
bands
Wives
( 10 )
(ID
(12)
Male
03)
$1, 790
268
584
832
1,055
1,217
1,472
1,672
1,933
2, 202
3, 230
6,965
$1,816
258
584
832
1,068
1,242
1,480
1,697
1,951
2,223
3,238
7, 240
$620
(*)
$1,076
(*)
For footnotes 1, 2, and 3 see 2, 3, and 4 of table 4 on p. 140.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
459
6
16
55
60
60
62
48
62
35
33
22
Others
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
8
Female
04)
$912
(*)
(*)
(*)
148
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
D EN VER , COLO.
4B.—Principal earners:
Num ber and average yearly earnings of prin cipal
earners, classified as husbands , wives, and others , with weeks of em ploym ent of
prin cipal earners , by fa m ily type and incom e, 1985-86 — Continued
T able
FAM ILY TYPES VIII A ND OTHER
Number of principal earners
Income class
Number
of families
0)
(2)
All nonrelief families. _________________
$0-$499
.
. __________ _____
$500-$749 ________ ______________________
$750-$999 _________ __________________
$1,000—$1,249____________________________
$1,250-$1,499_____________________ _____ _
$1,500-$1,749_____________________________
$1,750-$1,999_____ _______________________
$2,000-$2,499______ ______________________
$2,500-$2,999__ _______________________
$3,000-$4,999_____________________________
$5,000 and over__________________________
Hus
bands
Wives
(3)
(4)
(5)
121
1
4
118
1
3
7
15
14
14
16
28
8
6
14
14
14
16
28
8
7
7
Income class
Average
weeks of
employ
ment of
principal
earners 2
(8)
All nonrelief families____________________
$0-$499__.............................................................
$500-$749____________ ___________________
$750-$999_____________________________
$1,000-$1,249__________ ____ _____________
$1,250-$1,499........................................................
$1,500-$1,749____________________________
$1,750-$1,999____________________________
$2,000-$2,499__________________ _____ ___
$2,500-$2,999____________________ _______
$3,000-$4,999.................... ....................................
$5,000 and over______ ___________________
A ll 1
14
6
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
2
1
1
7
1
3
2
Average earnings of principal earners 3
Others
All
Hus
bands
Wives
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
Male
(13)
49
(*) 30
41
41
52
50
52
51
51
51
52
$1, 641
(*)493
624
914
997
1,279
1, 276
1,417
1,822
1,889
4,675
$1, 758
(*)
(*)709
946
957
1,358
1,312
1,597
1,797
2,012
5,043
(*)
$1,143
For footnotes 1, 2, and 3 see 2, 3, and 4 of table 4 on p. 140.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
Female
(7)
Male
(6)
1
97
1
2
5
6
5
11
13
10
13
24
7
7
Others
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
1,933
(*)
(*)
Female
(14)
$1,098
(*)
1,062
C)
149
TABULAR SUMMARY
D EN VER , COLO.
5 . — Number of earners in family: Num ber of fam ilies with specified
number of individual earners, fa m ily relationship of sole earners , and average
number of supplem entary earners per fam ily, by incom e , 1935-36
T able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family
types combined]
Number of families with individual earners
Income class
a)
Families
with
more
than
one
One
only
Num
earner as
ber of
percent
fami
Four age of
Other
lies
Any
Two Three or families
family Hus Wife
more with any
mem band
individual
Fe
Male male
ber
earner 1
(5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
(2)
(4)
(3)
(11)
All fam ilies............ 8,572
Relief families____ 1,186
Nonrelief families.. 7,386
$0-$249..................
62
$250-$499............
158
$500-$749...............
357
$750-$999_______
698
$1,000-$1,249____
935
$1,250-$1,499........
799
$1,500-$1,749........
835
$1,750-$1,999____
730
$2,000-$2,249____
642
$2,250-$2,499____
429
$2,500-$2,999____
602
$3,000-$3,499
365
$3,500-$3,999
219
$4,000-$4,499
166
$4,500-$4,999
91
$5,000-$7,499
213
$7,500-$9,999____
36
$10,000 and over.
49
6,318
852
5,466
23
99
260
572
766
619
611
557
473
316
378
238
142
116
62
163
29
42
6,124
793
5,331
22
88
251
555
747
600
597
540
467
313
370
233
140
115
62
161
29
41
98
37
61
53
13
40
9
7
10
6
10
3
9
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
4
5
4
5
4
2
4
3
1
1
1
1
1
43 1,580
9 195
34 1,385
1
6
25
1 49
5 78
9 121
4 142
7 178
3 139
1 139
96
2 169
89
1 60
35
19
30
5
5
226
30
196
44
5
39
1
5
10
11
22
16
18
10
37
28
13
6
6
12
1
1
1
3
4
3
1
8
6
2
5
1
4
23
21
23
(t) 20
16
13
15
20
25
22
25
25
36
34
35
28
30
22
17
11
Average
number
of sup
plemen
tary
earners
per
fam ily2
(12)
0.26
.25
.27
.21
.20
.17
.14
.16
.21
.28
.26
.29
.28
.45
.45
.42
.40
.40
.32
.20
.11
1 This percentage was computed by dividing the sum of columns (8), (9), and (10) by column (4) of table
3 on p. 136.
3 Based on the number of families with individual earners, column (4) of table 3 on p. 136.
fPereentages net computed for fewer than 30 cases.
6.—Sole and supplementary earners: Number of fam ilies with individual earners; number and average earnings of supplem entary
earners classified as husbands , wives , and others; and average earnings of fam ily from supplem entary earners; by incom e , 1935-36
DENVER, CO LO .
T able
h-*.
§
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and family types combined]
Number of families with individual
earners
(1)
(2)
All families................................................. 8,572
Relief fam ilies........................................ 1,186
Nonrelief families................................. . 7,386
$0-$249........................................ .........
62
$250-$499..............................................
158
$500-$749..............................................
357
$750-$999...........................................
698
$1,000-$1,249__.....................................
935
799
$1,250-$1,499__.....................................
$1,500-$1,749____________________
835
$1,750-$1,999___________ ________
730
$2,000-12,249........................................
642
$2,250-$2,499____________________
429
$2,500-$2,999...... ...............................
602
$3,000-$3,499._........ ......................... .
365
$3,500-$3,999.......................................
219
$4,000-$4,499........................................
166
$4,500-$4,999........................................
91
$5,000-$7,499....................................
213
$7,500-$9,999__....................................
36
$10,000 and over.................................
49
One only
Any Any fam
Hus
ily mem band
ber
(4)
(3)
(5)
8,168
1,082
7,086
29
124
311
656
897
772
814
716
633
423
592
361
217
162
88
209
35
47
6,318
852
5,466
23
99
260
572
766
619
611
557
473
316
378
238
142
116
62
163
29
42
6,124
793
5,331
22
88
251
555
747
600
597
540
467
313
370
233
140
115
62
161
29
41
Others *
More
than
one 3
All
(6)
(7)
1,850
230
1,620
6
25
51
84
131
153
203
159
160
107
214
123
75
46
26
46
6
5
2.170
271
1,899
6
25
54
91
141
164
232
184
184
119
267
163
92
64
35
66
7
5
Hus
bands Wives
(8)
357
54
303
1
g
8
17
30
37
37
29
26
22
40
23
8
7
4
5
1
(9)
796
76
720
5
15
27
44
71
66
99
81
73
52
84
42
29
11
10
7
2
2
Male Female
(10)
(11)
612
94
518
405
47
358
2
15
22
28
33
62
43
47
24
81
56
33
26
10
31
3
2
4
8
12
28
34
31
38
21
62
42
22
20
11
23
2
All
Average
earnings
per fam
Others 5
ily from
supple
Hus
mentary
bands Wives
earners
1
Male Female
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
$506
181
552
43
84
136
173
226
318
380
485
555
638
685
726
913
913
1,115
1,116
1,493
2,935
$580
198
648
(*)
74
184
197
300
398
430
655
687
800
867
973
1,144
1, 562
1,410
1, 612
(*)
$527
155
566
41
93
129
169
224
312
426
549
622
725
767
797
1,190
1,006
1,694
2,250
(*)
(*)
$440
184
486
$494
198
533
(*)
131
180
191
255
325
342
475
407
568
642
782
703
591
916
1,010
(*)
109
124
131
301
292
355
433
517
610
631
660
909
959
931
(*)
1 Averages in this section of the table are based on the corresponding counts of supplementary earners in the preceding section, “Number of supplementary earners.”
2 Averages in this column are based on the number of families as shown in column (2).
3 Families that have supplementary earners.
* Includes 5 males and no females under 16 years of age.
* Average earnings of persons under 16 years of age amounted to: Males, $95.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
(17)
$128
41
142
4
13
21
22
34
65
106
122
159
177
304
324
384
352
429
346
290
299
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class *
Num
ber of
fami
lies
Average earnings of supplementary
earners 1
Number of supplementary earners
D EN VER , COLO.
6A.— Sole and supplementary earners: Number of fam ilies with individual earners; number and average earnings of supplem entary
earners classified as husbands , wivesy and others; and average earnings of fa m ily from supplem entary earners; by occupation and income ,
T able
78127°—40------ 11
1935-86
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Income class and occupational group
(1)
Number of families with
individual earners
Average earnings of supplementary
earners 1
Number of supplementary earners
Others *
Any
One
only
More
than
one
All
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
2,706
99
200
421
494
380
331
248
330
123
79
1
2,705
98
200
421
494
380
331
248
330
123
79
1
2,065
72
169
371
411
308
233
186
224
58
32
1
640
26
31
50
83
72
98
62
106
65
47
747
26
34
55
90
78
112
74
122
84
72
85
8
4
8
16
8
12
7
9
8
5
317
16
18
27
50
37
49
28
50
24
18
199
2
8
13
14
19
35
18
33
29
28
146
1,907
17
40
127
208
219
271
241
356
208
198
22
1,907
17
40
127
208
219
271
241
356
208
198
22
1,409
15
28
111
181
170
207
181
257
129
103
17
498
2
12
16
27
49
64
60
89
79
95
5
589
2
12
16
30
52
74
73
103
92
127
8
133
1
2
4
11
20
18
16
23
20
17
1
223
1
6
9
10
21
31
33
43
33
36
134
99
4
3
8
3
14
17
22
24
36
3
1
8
11
7
15
15
38
4
Hus
bands Wives
(7)
(8)
Male Female
(10)
(9)
4
7
10
14
16
21
30
23
21
All
Hus
bands Wives
Average
earnings
per
family
Others5
from
supple
mentary
Male Female earners *
(14)
(15)
(16)
(11)
(12)
(13)
$430
81
137
151
211
314
362
441
570
668
892
$471
77
229
208
335
522
492
571
780
679
986
$417
86
125
141
185
317
402
508
672
738
1,027
$432
(*)134
154
231
246
314
361
455
612
881
$433
586
(*)126
185
232
338
369
500
587
784
872
1,137
675
(*)
(*)220
278
379
371
664
748
1,031
1, 225
(*)
612
(*)104
179
248
318
450
586
627
861
1,006
449
596
115
154
134
172
196
290
418
569
635
1,420
(*)
348
356
232
477
628
810
759
109
116
111
280
245
376
464
660
766
$119
21
23
20
38
64
122
132
211
456
812
TABULAR SUMMARY
Wage earner
All nonrelief families____ ________
$0-$499...................................................
$500-$749________ __________ ____
$750-$999________________________
$1,000-$1,249_____________________
$1,250-$1,499________ ______ _____
$1,500-$1,749_____________________
$1,750-$1,999.....................................__
$2,000-$2,499_____________________
$2,500-$2,999............... ...................
$3,000-$4,999_____________________
$5,000 and over...................................
Clerical
All nonrelief families.........................
$0-$499__________________________
$500-$749............................ ...................
$750-$999________________________
$1,000-$1,249______ _______ ______
$1,250-$1,499..........................................
$1,500-$1,749____ ________ _______
$1,750-$1,999___________ _________
$2,000-$2,499........................................
$2,500-$2,999.........................................
$3,000-$4,999.............................. ...........
$5,000 and over..________________
See footnotes at end of table.
Number of
families
1S1
12
38
23
33
80
101
152
170
347
559
413
Ox
DENVER, COLO.
6A — Sole and su p p lem en tary earners; Number of families with individual earners; number and average earnings of supplementary
earners classified as husbands, wives, and others; and average earnings of family from supplementary earners; by occupation and income,
1935-86— Continued
T able
Ox
to
]White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
0)
(2)
Business and professional
All nonrelief families ......................... ......................... 2,501
$0-$499.............................................................................
43
$500-$749_____________________________________
78
$750-$999_____________________________________
117
$1,000-11,249__________________________________
201
$1,250-$1,499__________________________________
175
$1,500-$1,749__________________________________
215
$1,750-$1,999__________________________________
227
$2,000-$2,499__________ ____ ___________________
371
$2,500-$2,999_________________________ ________
261
$3,000-$4,999_______________________ ____ _____
546
$5,000 and over______________ _____ ________
267
Other
All nonr-elief families________________ ____ ____
272
Number of families with
individual earners
Average earnings of supplementary
earners 1
Number of supplementary earners
Any
One
only
More
than
one 3
All
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
2,457
33
71
107
194
172
211
226
369
261
546
267
1,979
30
63
89
173
140
170
190
297
191
421
215
478
3
8
18
21
32
41
36
72
70
125
52
558
3
8
20
21
34
46
36
78
91
151
70
17
13
4
5
Hus
bands Wives
(8)
(7)
84
Others4
All
Male Female
(9)
(10)
(11)
184
111
2
5
3
9
7
5
16
12
20
5
179
3
3
8
11
8
19
20
32
27
37
11
3
6
6
11
13
8
16
28
60
33
1
1
1
Hus
bands Wives
02)
788
(13)
1
1
6
7
3
14
24
34
21
669
14
148
225
283
297
444
544
615
602
789
1, 281
(*)
161
189
331
478
778
702
718
1,117
2,452
766
14
203
252
381
274
449
546
706
680
1,069
2,563
2
1,248
(*)
(*)
Average
earnings
per
family
from
Others4
supple
mentary
Male Female earners 2
(15)
(16)
(14)
570
587
147
250
175
292
494
408
494
522
627
873
(*)
(*)
288
300
503
448
551
578
971
149
1
15
38
30
58
95
86
129
210
218
336
(*)
23
(*)
For footnotes 1, 2, 3, see table 6 on p. 150.
* Includes persons under 16 years of age as follows: Business and professional, 1 male and no females; wage -earner families, 1 male and no females; clerical families 3 males and
no females.
4 Average earnings of persons under 16 years of age were as follows: Wage-earner families, males (*); clerical families, males $110.
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
WEST CENTRAL-BOCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class and occupational group
Num
ber of
fami
lies
D EN VER , COLO.
6B.— Sole and supplem entary earners: Number of families with individual earners; number and average earnings of supplementary
earners classified as husbands, wives} and others; and average earnings of family from supplementary earners; by family type and income,
T able
1 93 5-86
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combined]
Income class and family type
(2)
Type 1
All nonrelief families___________________ ______ 2,516
$0-$499.......... ................................................................
136
$50G-$749_______________ ______ ___________ ____
175
$750-$999_______________ ______ ______ ______
265
348
$1,000-$1,249__________________________________
$1,250-$1,499— _____ ________ ___________ 255
282
$1,500-$1,749___________________ ____ ___ ____ $1,750-$1,999__________ _______________________
253
$2,000-$2,499___________________ ____________
328
184
$2,500-$2,999_________ ________________________
$3,000~$4,999_________ _____ __________________
222
$5,000 and over____________ ______ _____ ______
68
Types II and III
All nonrelief fam ilies............................................. 2,123
$0-$499_............ ............................................................
41
$500-$749....................................................... .................
93
$750-$999_________ ___ _______ ________ ______ _ 224
$1,000-$1,249__________________________________
293
$1,250-$1,499__........ .......................................................
264
$1,500-$1,749_______ _____ ________ ____________
238
$1,750-$1,999__..............................................................
238
$2,000-$2,499__.................................................................
330
$2,500-$2,999_— .............................................................
145
$3,000-$4,999...................................................................
191
$5,000 and over..............................................................
66
For footnotes, see end of table.
Number of families with
individual earners
Average earnings of supplementary
earners 1
Number of supplementary earners
Others 4
Any
One
only
More
than
one3
All
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
2,316
82
142
236
332
239
268
243
318
176
215
65
1,853
64
124
206
274
202
205
193
242
122
163
58
463
18
18
30
58
37
63
50
76
54
52
7
464
18
18
30
59
37
63
50
76
54
52
7
112
4
4
10
15
14
13
9
19
15
8
1
349
14
13
20
43
23
50
41
57
38
44
6
3
2,094
37
91
220
286
260
236
237
328
145
189
65
1,914
31
82
203
268
237
211
219
296
129
176
62
180
6
9
17
18
23
25
18
32
16
13
3
181
6
9
17
18
23
25
18
32
17
13
3
27
2
1
2
2
6
3
2
4
3
2
145
4
7
14
16
17
21
15
25
13
11
2
7
Hus
bands Wives
(7)
(8)
Male Female
(10)
(9)
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
I
2
I
i
(11)
Average
earnings
per
family
Others •
from
Hus
supple
bands W ives
mentary
Male Female earners 3
(15)
(12)
(13)
(16)
(14)
$597
70
142
224
254
386
455
587
708
824
1, 241
2, 362
$614
40
149
199
290
456
381
701
789
1,046
1, 366
(*)
$595
79
135
236
246
343
475
562
680
746
1, 218
2,355
477
91
98
154
168
355
446
514
581
830
988
1,705
628
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
524
336
(*)
918
960
(*)
471
93
106
131
153
296
483
502
573
862
867
(*)
All
$245
$110
9
15
25
43
56
102
116
164
242
291
243
(*)
(*)
(*)
100
(*)
(*)
196
(*)
(*)
(*)
C)
(*>
41
13
9
12
10
31
47
39
56
97
67
77
TABULAR SUMMARY
(1)
Num
ber of
fami
lies
D EN VER , COLO.
6B. — Sole and sup p lem en tary earners: Number of families with individual earners; number and average earnings of supplementary
earners classified as husbands, wives, and others; and average earnings of family from supplementary earners; by family type and income,
1935-36— Continued
T able
Oi
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combinedl
(1)
(2)
Types IV and V
All nonrelief families.................................................... 2,146
33
$0-$499_...................................-.......................................
$500-$749...........................................................................
68
$750~$999..........................................................................
147
221
$1,000-$1,249._.......................................................
$1,250-$1,499....................................................................
210
$1,500-$1,749.............................................................
236
$1,750-$1,999....................................................................
176
$2,000-$2,499...................................................................
335
221
$2,500-$2,999...................................................................
$3,000-14,999....................................................................
366
$5,000 and over...............................................................
133
Types VI and VII
All nonrelief families....................................................
480
$0-$499 ....................... ....................................................
9
$5Q0-$749...........................................................................
17
$750-$999...................................................... ..................
55
$1,000-$1,249.....................................................................
66
$1,250-$1,499 ...............................................................—
63
64
$1,500-$1,749...................................................................
$1,750-$1,999.................................. .................................
49
64
$2,000-$2,499....................................... ............................
$2,500-$2,999...................................................................
36
$3,000-$4,999....................................................................
34
$5,000 and over...............................................................
23
Number of families with
individual earners
Others <
Any
One
only
More
than
one 3
All
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
2,086
25
59
138
210
204
233
173
333
219
362
130
1,257
20
37
108
163
126
136
96
195
100
186
90
829
5
22
30
47
78
97
77
138
119
176
40
1,016
5
25
35
53
89
117
91
162
161
226
52
146
2
3
4
10
17
19
16
21
20
30
4
198
2
7
6
11
22
24
22
39
32
30
3
396
1
11
18
21
28
51
31
52
61
97
25
276
472
8
16
55
62
63
63
49
63
36
34
23
403
7
16
51
56
51
54
44
52
23
28
21
69
1
4
6
12
9
5
11
13
6
2
90
1
5
8
12
14
6
17
16
7
4
7
1
15
44
24
3
1
3
2
2
1
1
2
2
4
3
7
1
9
11
4
3
1
6
4
2
6
3
1
1
Hus
bands Wives
(7)
(8)
2
1
1
1
1
Average
earnings
per
family
Others ®
from
supple
mentary
Male Female earners2
(14)
(16)
(15)
Average earnings of supplementary
earners 1
Number of supplementary earners
All
Male Female
(10)
(9)
(11)
4
7
11
22
23
22
50
48
69
20
Hus
bands Wives
01)
(13)
$552
78
150
158
220
279
356
458
559
634
785
1,172
$699
(*)
268
139
313
307
482
666
689
775
1,082
2,465
$589
(*)
142
108
251
295
332
535
693
745
872
2,987
$494
(*)
137
196
200
252
349
362
470
564
704
918
$540
425
(*)
32
157
314
245
456
387
685
753
1,007
347
(*)
535
439
354
41
(*)
187
C)
C)
o
(•)
(*)
(*)
99
286
178
(*)418
709
476
1,103
(*)
391
298
(*)
173
654
(*)
C)
C)
(•>
(•)
(•)
(•)
109
116
143
276
293
368
494
589
732
959
$261
12
55
38
53
118
176
237
270
462
485
458
80
10
3
19
60
54
56
103
305
155
175
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class and family type
Num
ber of
fami
lies
Types VIII and other
All nonrelief families________ _____ ____________
$0-$499
.............................................................
$500-$749
............................................................. —
$750-$999
........................— ...............................—
$1,000-$1,249 ...............................................................
$1,250-$1,499 ........................................................... ..
$1,500-$1,749__............................................................—
$1,750-$1,999_....................................................... ...........
$2,000-$2,499............... ......................... .......................
$2,500-$2,999 ............................................................. .
$3,000-$4,999__............................................................... .
$5,000 and over_______________________________
121
1
4
7
7
7
15
14
14
16
28
8
118
1
3
7
7
6
14
14
14
16
28
8
39
1
4
5
3
5
5
4
4
5
3
79
1
2
3
2
3
9
9
10
12
23
5
148
1
2
4
3
3
13
19
16
19
56
12
11
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
13
1
1
2
1
3
5
68
1
2
2
2
2
3
11
7
7
24
7
56
7
6
3
11
25
4
569
(*)
(*)
179
313
384
250
324
527
600
710
1,011
570
(•)
(*)
<*)
(*)
525
(*)
(*)
(*)
525
(*)
(•)
(*)
(*)645
668
523
(•)
(•)
(*)
(*)
(*)
355
313
478
469
655
970
634
287
252
525
693
771
885
46
102
134
164
217
439
602
713
1,420
1,517
TABULAR SUMMARY
For footnotes 1, 2, 3, see table 6 on p. 150.
* Includes persons under 16 years of age as follows: Families of types IV and V, 3 males and no females; families of types VI and VII, 2 males and no females.
* Average earnings of persons under 16 years of age were as follows: Families of types IV and V, males $88; families of types VI and VII, males (*).
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
••$0.50 or less.
696
(**)
Or
Oi
T able
7.— Earnings of supplementary earners:
DEN VER , COLO.
N um ber of supplem entary earners w ith earnings of specified am ount , by fa m ily incom e ,
1935-36
Oi
05
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
(1)
All families......................... .
Relief families
Nonrelief families..................
$(>-$249
$250-$499 ___
$500-$749_._........... .
$750-$999 ..
$1,000-$1,249
$1,250-$1,499_ _
$1,500-$1,749__ ___
$1,750-$1,999 _
$2,000-$2,249_ _
$2,250-$2,499
$2,500-$2,999
$3,000-$3,499__
$3,500-$3,999 __
$4,000-$4,499_...............
$4,500-$4,999............ .
$5,000-$7,499...............
$7,500-$9,999__________
$10,000 and nvp.r
1,850
230
1,620
6
25
51
84
131
153
203
159
160
107
214
123
75
46
26
46
6
5
Average
earnings
of supple
mentary Any Under $50-$99 $100$199
earners amount $50
(3)
$506
181
552
43
84
136
173
226
318
380
485
555
638
685
726
913
913
1,115
1,116
1,493
2,935
(4)
2,170
271
1,899
6
25
54
91
141
164
232
184
184
119
267
163
92
64
35
66
7
5
(5)
(6)
181
49
132
3
7
9
15
20
15
13
10
11
5
8
5
7
3
1
194
57
137
3
9
12
18
16
14
24
10
6
2
6
8
2
3
1
3
(7)
Number of supplementary earners with earnings of$200$299
$300$399
$400$499
$500$599
$600$699
$700$799
$800$899
(8)
(9)
GO)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
308
66
242
194
41
153
190
29
161
161
14
147
136
6
130
183
5
178
8
20
22
41
28
33
20
18
9
16
12
2
7
2
4
1
11
18
13
19
29
13
12
10
13
6
5
1
1
1
2
13
25
23
26
11
10
4
26
12
4
2
1
2
5
14
27
24
15
16
6
18
15
3
2
1
1
9
16
20
27
15
10
18
4
4
2
1
4
3
20
34
29
30
12
21
12
3
6
4
4
178
1
177
78
3
75
2
25
31
19
18
41
18
9
2
6
5
1
3
8
18
13
12
11
3
6
1
$900- $1,000- $1,500- $2,000
and
$999 $1,499 $1,999 over
(18)
(17)
(15)
(16)
92
196
60
19
92
196
60
19
10
14
12
25
12
5
8
2
4
I
15
18
63
41
26
13
4
14
2
7
19
11
9
10
2
1
i
4
10
l
3
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
Number
with any
supple
mentary
earners
(2)
T
able
8.
—Husbands as earners:
D EN VER , COLO.
N um ber and average yearly earnings of husbands classified as p rin c ip a l or supplem entary earners , by
age and fa m ily incom e , 1935-36
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Principal earners by age groups
Income class
(1)
Supplementary earners by age groups
65
Un
Any Under
and Any der 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
20 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 over
20
(5)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24)
65
and
over
(25)
Number of husbands
4
3
1
1
253
53
200
3
7
17
52
60
28
15
8
4
3
2
1
865 1,067 1,210 1,109 1,005
126
127 140 131 U7
738 927 1,079 992 879
1
2
3
4
2
9
12
20
9
12
39
40
38
23
29
109
95
91
70
52
93
132 143 120 121
99 113 132
94
82
119 130 112 118
98
92
80 117 129
89
85 112 110
54
72
27
62
70
72
53
62 102
30
92
88
37
15
55
56
55
12
12
27
53
32
5
3
21
29
29
7
9
24
10
3
6
28
36
41
4
6
13
1
2
5
3
12
786
99
687
2
6
27
53
63
61
bO
70
63
41
82
46
32
28
16
24
5
8
545
62
483
2
9
23
25
52
50
53
39
43
41
45
30
14
20
7
19
4
7
387
58
329
3
11
16
37
33
29
29
20
31
19
21
22
13
10
8
22
3
2
339 357
38 54
301 303
5 1
8 8
35 8
34 17
28 30
24 37
26 37
24 29
25 26
10 22
17 40
15 23
12 8
9 7
3 4
21 5
5 1
12
3
9
19
2
17
1
2
2
3
1
1
2
4
1
1
1
4
2
1
30
30
1
1
5
1
3
4
6
5
2
1
1
42
5
37
4
1
5
5
3
4
2
7
3
1
2
43
8
35
2
1
2
3
6
2
4
5
2
4
1
1
1
1
42
7
35
53
12
41
39
5
34
34
5
29
3
2
1
7
4
5
4
2
4
2
1
3
7
5
5
3
2
5
4
3
2
3
3
4
6
3
2
3
4
1
1
2
2
2
3
3
4
2
1
5
3
1
2
1
1
2
43
36
1
1
3
2
7
2
7
4
6
2
1
TABULAR SUMMARY
All families________ 7,570
Relief families______ 954
Nonrelief families. _. 6, 616
$0-$249.... ............
27
$250-$499_________ 103
$500-$749_________ 287
$750-$999_________ 619
$1,000-$1,249_____ 845
$1,250-$1,499_____ 712
$1,500-$1,749_____ 760
$1,750-$1,999_____ 668
$2,000-12,249_____ 599
$2,250-$2,499_____ 398
$2,500-$2,999_____ 541
$3,000-$3,499_____ 332
$3,500-$3,999______ 207
$4,000-$4,499_____
154
$4,500-$4,999...........
84
$5,000-$7,499_____ 200
$7,500-$9,999_____
35
$10,000 and over...
45
1
Average earnings of husbands 1
All nonrelief fam
ilies.
$1,765
(*) $1,010 $1, 386 $1, 569 $1, 800 $1,909 $2,078 $1, 952 $1, 869 $1,834 $1, 618 $648
$638 $686 $740 $690 $634 $747 $654 $570 $633 $511
i
Averages for each age group are based on the corresponding numbers of husbands in the upper section of the table; the two averages for all age groups combined are based on the
corresponding total numbers of husbands.
*Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
DEN VER , COLO.
T able 9.—Wives as earners:
N um ber and average yearly earnings of wives classified as p rin cip a l or su pplem en tary earners , by age and
fa m ily incom e , 1 93 5-36
00
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combinedl
Income class
0)
Un
65
Any Under
and Any der 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
20 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 over
20
04)
(16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24)
(15)
(12)
(4)
(13)
(7)
(6)
(8)
(10)
(2)
(9)
(3)
(5)
(ID
65
ani
over
(25)
Number of wives 1
All families-...............
Relief families___
Nonrelief families. __
$0-$249.....................
$250-$499..................
$500-$749..............
$750-$999_.................
$1,000-$1,249...........
$1,250-$1,499...........
$1,500-$1,749...........
$1,750-$1,999..........
$2,000-$2,249...........
$2,250-$2,499...........
$2,500-$2,999..........
$3,000-$3,499..........
$3,600-$3,999...........
$4,000-$4,499_..........
$4,500-$4,999...........
$5;nnn-$7,4Q9
$7,500-$9,999...........
$10,000 and over...
313
69
244
1
15
17
24
27
34
24
25
17
12
22
12
4
6
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
18
4
14
1
1
2
2
3
2
1
2
38
8
30
3
2
4
4
3
4
3
2
2
2
i
48
6
42
4
1
6
5
4
2
2
2
9
5
2
52
9
43
42
11
31
44
12
32
24
8
16
20
7
13
16
2
14
4
1
2
4
10
3
4
4
4
3
1
1
2
2
1
3
5
3
6
5
2
1
2
1
3
5
2
3
4
3
3
3
2
1
3
1
3
3
3
1
4
2
1
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
9 795
2 76
7 719
5
1 15
2 27
1 44
70
1 66
1 99
81
1 73
52
84
42
29
11
10
7
2
2
7
5
2
1
96 187 125 115 109
9 10 11 10 8
87 177 114 105 101
1 1 1
1
2 4 3
2 4 4 2 4
8 9 5 6 5
20 15 5 9 12
10 17 8 11 7
23 30 11 11 8
7 22 14 16 4
5 24 9 13 14
5 12 8 13
3 17 26 12 13
12 10 6 7
1
6 6 1 9
2 1 2 1
1
5
2 1
1
2 1 2
1
1
74
13
61
3
5
3
5
5
5
10
3
5
6
3
4
3
1
49
5
44
1
3
5
2
6
7
5
3
2
5
2
1
2
19
3
16
2
3
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
12
2
10
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Supplementary earners by age groups
Principal earners by age groups
Average earnings of w ives 3
All nonrelief families $1,067
(•)
$785 $1,014 $1,187 $1,058 $1,007 $1,173 $1 ,1 0 1
$968 $1 , 2 2 1
$767 $566 (*) $420 $588 $628 $586 $691 $484 $402 $621 $540
C)
1 Excludes 1 supplementary earner who did not report age.
2 Averages for each age group are based on the corresponding numbers of wives in the upper section of the table; the two averages for all age groups combined are based on the
corresponding total number of wives, including 1 who did not report age.
^Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
TABULAR SUMMARY
Or
CO
DENVER, COLO.
T able
h -1
10.—Money income other than earnings:
Number of families receiving money income other than earnings, and average amount
received, by source and total income, 1935-36 1
®
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Income class
(1 )
(2 )
(3)
8,572
1,186
7,386
62
158
357
698
935
799
835
730
642
429
602
365
219
166
91
213
36
49
1,768
128
1, 640
All families— _________________________
Relief families—____ ___________________
Nonrelief families_____________________
$0-$249____________________________
$250-$499_______ __________________
$500-$749__________________________
$750-$999______ __________________
$1,000-$1,249_______________________
$1,250-$1,499_______________________
$1,500-$l,749_______________________
$1,750-$1,999—_____________________
$2,000-$2,249______________________
$2,250-$2,499_______________________
$2,500-$2,999.______________________
$3,000-$3,499_______________________
$3,500-$3,999________ ____ _____ _
$4,000-$4,499__.........................................
$4,500-$4,999........................................ .
$5,000-$7,499................. .................... .
$7,500-$9,999............. ................................
$ 10,000 and over................................ .
Any
source
10
44
91
126
133
175
149
151
125
90
162
93
54
57
27
104
17
32
Average money income, other than earnings, received from 2 —
Rent from Interest Pensions, Gifts for
Rent from Interest
All
property and divi
property and divi annuities, current sources
(net)
dends
benefits
dends
(net)
use
GO)
(6)
(9)
(7)
(8)
(4)
(5)
599
33
566
4
21
38
44
37
59
45
42
49
30
73
35
15
18
9
31
4
12
516
3
513
3
6
13
14
18
28
37
36
35
31
63
37
26
35
18
74
15
24
439
33
406
325
42
283
$125
15
142
$27
3
31
1
11
22
2
21
6
36
47
53
50
43
28
23
37
17
13
8
3
8
3
3
9
18
.38
30
39
28
32
25
9
17
16
5
4
1
8
2
60
56
56
71
71
80
67
96
127
136
197
249
274
552
804
5,771
68
29
26
16
10
17
11
17
24
29
45
40
31
23
63
115
90
975
$50
(**)
58
7
2
5
4
4
5
13
8
7
10
26
41
58
153
177
355
473
4,328
Pensions, Gifts for Miscel
annuities, current laneous
benefits
use
sources 3
(1 2 )
(13)
(1 1 )
$37
7
42
6
22
28
25
38
43
41
49
27
48
52
38
74
52
21
51
241
156
$6
2
6
2
6
6
9
3
4
4
3
5
1
2
10
$5
3
5
1
3
2
1
2
2
3
4
8
2
28
7
13
2
3
110
202
14
8
11
20
See glossary for definition of “money income other than earnings.”
Averages are based on all families, column (2 ), whether or not they received money income other than earnings.
Includes money income other than earnings from sources other than those specified, including profits from business enterprises partially or wholly owned but not operated by
family members. See glossary for further definition of “profits.”
**$0.50 or less.
1
2
3
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Number of families receiving money income other than
earnings from—
Number
of fami
lies
T able
11.— Nonmoney income
from owned homes: Number of families owning homes with and without mortgages; average rental valuer
average expense, and average nonmoney income from home ownership; by income, 1935-86
D EN VER , COLO.
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Number of families
Income class
All
All families....................................
Relief families _____________
Nonrelief families____________
$0-$249____________ ____
$250-$499_________________
$500-$749_________________
$750-$999_________________
$1,000-$1,249______ _______
$1,250-$1,499______________
$1,500-$1,749______________
$1,750-$1,999______________
$2,000-$2,249______________
$2,250-$2,499______________
$2,500-$2,999______________
$3,000-$3,499______________
$3,500-$3,999______________
$4,000-$4,499______________
$4,500-$4,999______________
$5,000-$7,499______________
$7,500-$9,999_ ................... .
$10,000 and over__________
(2 )
, 572
1,186
7,386
62
158
357
698
935
799
835
730
642
429
602
365
219
166
91
213
36
49
8
Mortgaged homes
Families owning
Families owning
homes free from
Average mortgaged homes Average Average expense 3 Average Interest
as per
Average
Average
mortgage
non
Owning
non
rental
rental expense 3 money
money ofcentage
homes 1
rental
value
2
value 2
income 4 value
income 4
Interest Other
Number Percent
Number Percent
age 5
age 5
(15)
( 10 )
( 12 )
(13)
(7)
(9)
( 6)
(4)
(14)
(3)
(5)
(8)
(ID
3,236
222
3,014
19
53
104
198
250
291
293
249
310
215
337
200
123
102
55
150
26
39
1,475
109
1,366
10
32
55
96
120
128
123
104
116
91
135
99
53
45
26
90
16
27
46
49
45
$443
199
463
60
53
48
48
44
42
42
37
42
40
50
43
44
47
60
(t)
69
221
(t)
265
319
292
275
318
351
373
378
455
458
564
598
603
768
825
1,136
1, 700
$115
73
118
77
85
94
88
86
94
99
102
104
117
119
136
142
142
175
181
235
332
$328
126
345
144
180
225
204
189
224
252
271
274
338
339
428
456
461
593
644
901
1, 368
1,761
113
1, 648
9
21
49
102
130
163
170
145
194
124
202
10 1
70
57
29
60
10
12
54
51
55
(t)
40
47
52
52
56
58
58
63
58
60
50
57
56
53
40
(t)
31
$435
275
446
327
287
306
309
326
332
357
374
407
436
501
539
649
667
662
798
1 , 2 12
1,482
$ 11 2
$113
$210
75
115
86
114
216
111
68
80
86
87
81
91
104
10 1
119
135
139
159
149
165
202
364
282
115
95
88
90
90
94
96
99
103
108
113
125
130
150
154
151
176
248
280
12 1
131
136
133
145
155
167
167
198
204
241
270
340
364
346
420
600
920
26
27
26
34
24
26
28
27
24
26
28
25
27
27
26
25
22
25
25
30
19
1 Includes all families occupying owned homes at any time during the report year, but excludes 2 families whose expenses exactly equaled the annual rental value of their homes.
Data for the latter families, however, are included in the computation of averages.
2 Based on estimate made by home owner, for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. This period averages, in general, approximately 12 months.
3 Expense for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. Expense other than interest, columns (7) and (13), estimated on basis of average relationship between cental
value and expense.
O
4 Nonmoney income for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. Obtained by deducting estimated expense (including interest) from rental value.
5 Based on number of families owning homes, column (3).
fPercentages not computed for fewer than 30 3ases.
TABULAR SUMMARY
(1 )
Homes free from mortgage
I—*■
I— 1
DENVER, COLO.
T a b l e 1 2 .—
Monthly rental value: Number of home-owning families having homes with specified monthly rental value, by income, 1935-36 1 Oto
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
( 1)
All families________
Relief families__ __
Nonrelief fam ilies..
$0-$249__................
$250-$499 ___
$500-$749 _____
$750-$999_..............
$i,nnn-$i,949
$1,250-$1,499..........
$1,500-$1,749..........
$1,750-$1,999..........
$2,000-$2,249___
$2,250-$2,499..........
$2,500-$2,999..........
$3,000-$3,499___
$3;5nn-$3,999 $4,000-$4,499 __
$4,500-$4,999..........
$5,000-$7,499_„
$7,500-$9,999 ____
$10,000 and over..
Number
Home-owning
of home
families
owning
and
renting
Percent
families Number age 3
(3)
(4)
(2 )
8,253
1,117
7,136
60
147
341
663
895
773
802
706
627
415
587
357
218
162
90
2 11
34
48
3,168
218
2,950
18
52
102
194
245
286
283
241
305
210
330
197
122
102
54
146
25
38
38
20
41
30
35
30
29
27
37
35
34
49
51
56
55
56
63
60
69
74
79
Average
Number of home-owning families reporting monthly rental value of—
monthly
rental
value of
owned Under
$100 and
homes 2 $5 $5-$9 $10-$14 $15-$19 $20-$24 $25-$29 $30-$34 $35-$39 $40-$44 $45-$49 $50-$54 $55-$64 $65-$74 $75-$100 over
(20)
(9) ( 10 ) (ID ( 12 ) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18)
(19)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
$37.50
20. 50
38.70
23.20
22.90
26.80
26.50
26.00
27 50
30.80
32. 20
33.80
38.60
40.90
47.40
53.40
54.00
61.00
69. 20
98. 60
127.00
25
14
11
114
35
79
2
1
2
3
2
2
1
5
14
14
16
10
9
5
4
250
53
197
4
14
12
21
47
40
19
15
11
5
6
2
1
334
39
295
4
9
12
45
50
52
44
23
18
12
13
6
3
1
2
1
467
39
428
4
8
17
47
50
56
60
48
59
24
35
13
4
3
353
439
315
175
280
131
64
126
95
21
10
429
2
313
175
2
1
1
63
126
94
6
2
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
332
1
5
16
20
23
40
44
36
47
36
41
11
3
5
3
1
15
14
24
41
38
55
79
49
53
24
13
8
1
5
1
3
5
13
12
26
33
24
33
23
55
28
22
15
12
9
4
6
8
11
11
24
14
33
21
9
14
6
9
278
130
1
1
6
7
7
7
17
17
16
28
46
45
21
20
6
34
2
3
3
2
3
4
2
9
6
23
19
13
10
6
19
2
3
4
2
3
2
5
7
8
8
8
2
12
1
1
3
5
16
14
18
13
6
30
8
7
1
2
1
3
2
6
6
5
10
27
11
21
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as home-owning families
or as renting families according to their status at the date of interview.
2 Based on estimate made by home owner for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. Averages are based on the number of home-owning families, as of end of
report year, column (3).
* Based on the number of home-owning and renting families, column (2).
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
DEN VER , COLO.
T able
13.— Monthly rent: Number of renting families reporting specified monthly rent, by income, 1935
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Income class
(1)
* 8, 253 5,085
1,117 899
7,136 4,186
42
60
95
147
341 239
663 469
895 650
773 487
802 519
706 465
627 322
415 205
587 257
357 160
96
218
162
60
36
90
211
65
9
34
48
10
62
80
59
70
65
70
71
73
63
65
66
51
49
44
45
44
37
40
31
26
21
$25. 20
15.00
27.40
20.40
18 50
18. 30
17.90
22.00
23.10
25.90
28.40
30.40
35.20
34.70
40.40
45. 60
48. 70
53.70
59.80
61.10
93.70
3
2
1
187
105
82
2
1
9
32
13
6
4
3
12
1
689
328
361
7
26
66
108
77
39
19
9
5
1
3
1
984
268
716
12
23
70
159
181
103
97
39
19
4
6
3
777
103
674
5
15
36
70
139
131
97
88
44
15
22
8
2
2
781
49
732
504
419
253
149
133
90
40
30
15
28
22
10
409
2
251
2
147
133
1
89
1
30
15
6
22
1
10
5
15
19
63
47
72
67
65
43
48
16
2
2
2
2
6
2
1
2
2
8
8
8
11
22
20
22
20
8
1
1
1
1
23
62
112
10 1
120
128
74
32
42
17
6
2
1
1
482
6
8
6
1
1
12
6
38
35
64
67
53
39
50
25
10
3
2
3
15
13
26
35
27
25
40
29
16
7
2
4
4
14
14
15
19
13
11
9
1
2
8
11
1
4
1
1
1
6
6
11
39
1
1
3
2
7
8
13
12
14
7
15
1
2
3
1
2
2
7
4
5
5
6
2
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
4
3
3
1
1
1
4
2
4
9
1
2
1
1
7
1
5
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as home-owning families
or as renting families according to their status at the date of interview.
2 Rent reported at date of interview. Averages are based on the number of renting families in each class that reported monthly rent, including families receiving rent free, the
amount of which was estimated by the family.
* Based on the number of home-owning and renting families column (2 ).
4 Consists of families receiving rent as gift.
* Includes 3 families that did not report monthly rent; these 3 families were found in the following income classes: $750-$999,1; $1,250-$!,499, 1 ; $2,000-$2,249,1.
TABULAR SUMMARY
All families..............
Relief families..........
N onrelief families. _.
$0-$249.................
$250-$499............
$500-$749._..........
$750-$999______
$1,000-$1,249___
$1,250-$1,499___
$1,500-$1,749___
$1,750-$1,999___
$2,000-$2,249___
$2,250-$2,499___
$2,500-$2,999___
$3,000-$3,499___
$3,500-$3,999___
$4,000-$4,499___
$4,500-$4,999___
$5,000-$7,499___
$7,500-$9,999___
$10,000 and over.
fam
Number of renting families reporting monthly rent ofNumber Renting
ilies
of home
Average
owning
monthly
and
renting Num- Per- rent 3 Un- «po—5>y $10 - $15- $20- $25- $30- $35- $40- $45- $50- $55- $65- $75- $100 Rent
families ber age 3
$14 $19 $24 $29 $34 $39 $44 $49 $54 $64 $74 $99 over free 4
$5
( 6) (7) (8) (9) (10 ) (ID (12 ) (13) (U) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (2 1 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
( 2)
o>
CO
DENVER, COLO.
T able
14A.—Average monthlyrental
rentalvalue
value
and average monthly rent: Number of home-owning and renting families, average monthly
, and average monthly rent, by occupation and income, 1935-86 1
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Income class
(1 )
All nonrelief families 5___
$0-$499________ _______
$500-$749____________
$750-$999______________
$1,000-$1,249__............... .
$1,250-$1,499......................
$1,500-$1,749___.................
$1,750-$1,999_________
$2,000-$2,499___________
$2,500-$2,999_................... .
$3,000-$4,999___.............
$5,000 and over___........ .
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
fam ilies 2
Number of
families
Occupational group: Clerical
Average
monthly—
Number of
families
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
fam ilies 2
Average
monthly—
Occupational group: Business and professional
Number of
families
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
fam ilies 2
Average
monthly—
Home Rent Home Rent Rental R en t 4 Home Rent Home Rent Rental R en t 4 Home Rent Home Rent Rental Rent
owning ing owning ing value 3
owning ing owning ing value 3
owning ing owning ing value 3
(15)
(2 )
( 12 )
(14)
(19)
(3)
(6)
(8)
(9)
(13)
(16)
(17)
(18)
(4)
(5)
(7)
(10 )
(ID
938
22
38
89
135
132
115
88
194
77
48
1,664
70
153
306
340
244
201
151
126
42
30
1
36
24
20
22
28
35
36
37
61
65
62
64 $27.10 $20.40
76 17.40 16.00
80 22.60 17.00
78 21.70 16.20
72 21.50 19.50
65 24.10 20.20
64 27.10 22.50
63 27.40 24. 60
39 32.30 26.90
35 33.40 28.60
38 37.10 30.90
(t)
C)
689
4
10
27
31
61
87
67
168
108
108
18
1,148
10
26
94
165
144
178
168
177
95
87
4
38
(t)
28
16
30
33
28
49
53
55
22
(t)
62 $37.60 $28.80
25.00 24.80
(t)
72 28. 70 20.70
78 26.90 19.50
84 25.60 23.30
70 28.10 25.80
67 31.70 27.90
72 33.40 30.00
51 35.60 33.10
47 41.80 33.60
45 47.90 42. 30
88.00
50.20
(t)
1,147
14
27
55
65
71
69
77
141
137
307
184
1,288
28
48
61
130
98
135
141
222
118
229
78
47
33
36
47
33
42
34
35
39
54
57
70
53 $48. 50
67 25.50
64 26. 70
53 31.60
67 34.10
58 31.10
66
33.40
65 36.40
61 39.80
46 43. 70
43 54. 70
30 80.40
$35.00
21.80
22.2 0
23.20
25.40
26. 30
28.50
30.10
34.60
37.50
47.40
65.20
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as home-owning families or
as renting families according to their status at the date of interview. Includes 3 families that did not report monthly rent.
2 Based on the number of home-owning and renting families in the respective occupational group.
3 Based on estimate made by home owner for period of ownership and occupancy during the report year. Averages are based on the number of home-owning families as of end of
report year.
4 Rent as reported at date of interview. Averages in this column are based on the number of families reporting monthly rent, including families receiving rent as gift, the amount
of which is estimated by the family.
5 Of the families classified in the occupational group “Other,” 262 did not change their living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Of the latter
group 176 families, or 67 percent, were owning families. Their average monthly rental value was $41.80. The remaining 86 families, or 33 percent, were renting families. Their average
monthly rent was $26.80.
tPercentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Occupational group: Wage earner
D EN VER , COLO.
T able
14B.—Average monthlyrental
rental
value and average monthly rent: Number of home-owning and renting families, average monthly
value, and average monthly rent, by family type and income, 1935-36 1
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combined]
Family type I
Number of
families
Income class
Average
monthly—
Numbei of
families
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families 2
Family types IV and V
Home Rent Home Rent Rental R ent 4 Home Rent Home Rent Rental Rent
owning ing owning ing value 3
owning ing owning ing value 3
(3)
(5)
(7)
(12 )
(13)
(6)
(8)
(9)
( 10 )
(2 )
(4)
(ID
All nonrelief families___
$0-$499__........ ...................
$500-$749_......................... .
$750-$999........................... .
$1,000-$1,249__....................
$1,250-$1,499......................
$1,500-$1,749___________
$1,750-$1,999___________
$2,000-$2,499— ..................
$2,500-$2,999__....................
$3,000-$4,999.......................
$5,000 and over........ .........
961
53
60
92
79
97
91
89
150
94
116
40
1,446
75
111
156
252
143
178
155
166
83
103
24
40
41
35
37
24
40
34
36
48
53
53
62
60 $38.10 $27.80
59 2 2 .10 18. 60
65 26. 50 19. 30
63 27. 80 19. 30
76 26.10 22 . 60
60 29. 40 23.90
66
31.60 27. 60
64 33. 50 30.00
52 38.10 33. 60
47 44. 00 36.20
47 56. 40 47. 30
38 102.80 62.20
658
6
13
39
54
72
64
57
141
74
93
45
1,389
32
72
173
224
189
163
173
180
68
94
21
32
16
15
18
19
28
28
25
44
52
50
68
68
84
85
82
81
72
72
75
56
48
50
32
Number of
families
Average
monthly—
3
$37. 20 $26.10
27.00 17.60
24. 40 16. 30
21.80 16. 50
23. 40 20.30
25.40 22. 50
28. 90 24.80
30.10 28.10
35. 60 33.00
43.80 36. 20
52.40 44. 90
74.80 65.90
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families 2
Average
monthly—
Home Rent Home Rent Rental
owning ing owning ing value 3 R en t 4
(18)
(16)
(19)
(15)
(14)
(17)
1,096
1,0 0 1
10
22
25
50
94
95
105
73
184
132
229
99
39
92
108
127
99
144
85
131
33
12 1
52
31
39
35
44
47
45
42
56
61
64
75
48 $40. 60
69 26. 00
61 28. 30
65 28.10
56 27. 00
53 27.80
55 31. 70
58 32. 40
44 34. 50
39 38. 60
36 50.20
25 83. 90
$29.50
23.00
18.80
19.20
24.40
24.00
26. 30
27.20
30.90
33.20
43. 70
59.80
TABULAR SUMMARY
( 1)
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families 2
Family types II and III
See p. 166 for footnotes.
165
DENVER, COLO.
T able
h -4
14B.— Average monthly rental value and average monthly rent: Number of home-owning and renting families, average monthly
rental value, and average monthly rent, by family type and income, 1935-36 1— Continued
Family types VIII and other
Family types VI and VII
(1 )
All nonrelief families.........................................................
$0-$499 ..................................................................................
$500-$749..................................................................................
$750-6999.................................................... .....................
$1,000-41,249....................- ....................................................
$1,250-61,499............... ................... -...........-......................
$1,500-61,749_________ ____ ____________________ _
$1,750-61,999............... .........................................................
$2,000-62,499............... ..................-......................................
$2,500-62,999— .....................................................................
$3,000-64,999— .....................................................................
$5,000 and over..................... .................................................
Percentage of home
owning and renting Average monthly—
families 2
Number of
families
Home
Home
owning Renting owning Renting
(3)
(4)
(5)
(2 )
174
1
2
11
15
18
18
17
34
19
21
18
291
7
15
43
49
44
41
30
29
16
( t)
(t)
( t)
( t)
20
23
29
30
36
54
54
64
12
5
63
37
(t)
( t)
80
77
71
70
64
46
46
36
Rental
value 3
(6)
R en t 4
$35.60
(*)
(*)
19.50
26.50
24.50
28.50
32.80
33.50
33.90
47.60
67.80
$23.90
(7)
Home
Home
owning Renting owning Renting
GO)
(8)
(9)
(1 1 )
61
2 0 .10
18.80
15.80
20.00
20.20
23.00
25.80
28.00
31.60
40.20
96.40
Percentage of home
owning and renting Average monthly—
families 2
Number of
families
2
2
3
4
5
5
6
11
16
7
51
59
1
2
5
4
3
10
8
8
5
12
1
( t)
( t)
(t)
( t)
( t)
( t)
( t)
( t)
( t)
( t)
49
r)
(1\)
(1\)
(1
(1\)
(1\)
(1\)
(1\)
(1\)
(1\)
e\)
dt)
Rental
value 3
( 12 )
$40.00
(*)
(*)
37.70
30.00
31.40
31.00
32.50
34.10
47.20
56.40
R ent 4
(13)
$26. 70
(*)
C)18.00
22.80
26. 70
24.00
27.10
29.40
24.20
32.90
C)
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as home-owning families
or as renting families according to their status at the date of interview. Includes 3 families that did not report monthly rent.
2 Based on the number of home-owning and renting families in the respective family types.
3 Based on estimate made by home owner for period of ownership and occupancy during the report year. Averages are based on the number of home-owning families as of end of
report year.
4 Rent as reported at date of interview. Averages in this column aro based on the number of families reporting monthly rent, including families receiving rent as gift, the amount
of which is estimated by the family.
fPercentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
O*
Os
167
TABULAR SUMMARY
DEN VER , COLO.
T able
15.—Type
of living quarters: Number and percentage of owning families
occupying specified types of living quarters, by income, 1985-86 1
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Number of owning families occupying—
Income class
Num
ber of
owning
fami
lies
(1 )
One-family
house
Two-family
house
Apartment building
for—
At Side by Two Three
De
tached tached side decker fami
lies
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(7)
(6)
Dwell
ing
unit in
busi Other
Five
or
Four
ness
fami more
build
lies fami
ing
lies
( 10)
(8)
(9)
(ID
Number
All families............... 3,168
Relief families ___
218
Nonrelief fam ilies.. 2,950
$0-$249....................
18
$95ft-$4Q«
52
$«m-$74Q _______
102
$750-$999 ..............
194
$i,nno-$i,949
245
$1,950-$1,499
286
$i,5nn-$i,749
283
$1,750-$1,999.........
241
$9J000-$9)949
305
$9,95A-$9,490
210
330
$2,500-$2,999.........
$3,rtnn-$a,4QQ
197
$3,5nn-$a,«QQ
12 2
$4,nnn-$4,499
102
$4J.'V¥V-$4J0QQ
54
$5,000-$7,499
146
$7,500-$9,999. ..
25
$10,000 and over..
38
2,938
204
2, 734
17
41
83
176
228
259
265
216
290
196
306
186
118
99
51
141
24
38
10
10
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
51
5
46
65
5
60
1
3
6
3
3
2
3
4
2
7
5
3
9
4
2
1
32
3
29
2
10
10
30
29
3
1
29
29
3
22
22
3
4
2
3
23
5
1
4
7
1
3
1
6
8
8
5
23
3
23
23
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
9
4
4
4
3
3
1
1
2
2
1
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
Percentage
All families_______
Relief families ___
Nonrelief families..
$0-$249_................
$250-$499................
$finn-$749
$750-$999.............
$l,0ft0-$lr24Q
$1,25n-$1,49f)
$1,5nO-$1,749
$1,7/50-$ 1,999
$9,000—$9,249
$9,9/50-$2,499
$2,600-$2,999..........
$a,ooo-$a,499
$a,.'500-$a,999
$4,00O-$4,499
$4,/500-$4,999
$/5,00O-$7,499
$7,500-$9,999
$10,000 and over..
100
100
100
(t)
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
(t)
100
92
95
93
(t)
79
81
91
93
91
94
90
95
94
93
94
96
97
94
96
(t)
100
2
22
(t)
(t)
(t)
2
2
(t)
(t)
(t)
(t)
(t)
2
3
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
3
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
4
3
3
1
3
3
4
1
2
1
2
3
4
1
(t)
(t)
(t)
1
1
(t)
1
1
(t)
11
5
(t)
(t)
2
(t)
1
1
(t)
(t)
«)
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
(t)
(t)
(t)
(t)
2
5
22
1
1
1
(t)
(t)
1
i Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and
the date of interview.
t Percentages not computed for fevfer than 30 cases.
J0.5 percent or less.
78127°—40-
•12
168
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
D EN VER , COLO.
T able
16.— Type of living quarters: Num ber and percentage of renting fam ilies
occupying specified types of living quarters , by incom e , 1935—86
1
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Number of renting families occupying—
Income class
Num
ber of
renting
fami
lies
(1 )
(2)
Two-family
house
One-family
house
Apartment building
for—
Dwell
ing
unit in
busi
or ness Other
Four Five
At Side by Two Three
D e
more build
fami
fami
tached tached side decker lies
lies fami
ing
lies
(9)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
GO)
(ID
Number
All families............. . 5,085
Relief families_____
899
Nonrelief fam ilies.. 4,186
42
$0-$249 ................
95
$250-$499________
239
$500-$749________
$750-$999________
469
650
$1,000-$1,249_____
487
$1,250-$1,499_____
519
$1,500-$1,749_____
465
$1,750-$1,999.........
322
$2,000-$2,249.........
205
$2,250-$2,499_____
257
$2,500-$2,999
160
$3,000-$3,499 . . .
96
$3,500-$3,999
60
$4,000-$4,499
36
$4,500-$4,999
65
$5,000-$7,499
9
$7,500-$9,999
10
$ 10,000 and over..
2,561
481
2,080
16
41
87
197
311
244
262
234
173
119
132
91
61
39
19
41
7
360
116
244
3
8
30
46
48
30
25
24
15
2
5
3
1
1
3
610
83
527
4
6
22
66
88
73
71
78
32
22
32
19
6
3
3
2
153
35
118
3
5
23
23
15
73
18
55
115
2
2
13
14
19
13
7
11
8
10
11
7
7
4
9
5
2
1
20
95
1
2
12
11
9
4
3
2
4
1
1
2
2
6
1,073
126
947
14
28
67
88
126
88
119
95
84
52
74
42
22
13
10
19
2
4
113
16
97
4
5
27
4
23
11
20
2
2
23
9
11
7
5
5
2
3
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
Percentage
All families______
Relief fam ilies____
Nonrelief families..
$0-$249__________
$250-$499________
$500-$749________
$750-$999._...........
$1,000-$1,249_____
$1,250-$1,499_____
$1,500-$1,749_____
$1,750-$1,999____
$2,000-$2,249_____
$2,250-$2,499_____
$2,500-$2,999 . . .
$3,000-$3,499 . . .
$3,500-$3,999_____
$4,000-$4,499_____
$4,500-$4,999 . . .
$5,000-$7,499 ____
$7,500-$9,999
$10,000 and over..
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
(t)
(t)
51
54
50
38
44
36
42
48
50
50
50
53
58
51
57
64
65
53
63
(t)
(t)
7
13
6
7
8
13
10
7
6
5
5
5
1
2
2
1
2
8
12
9
13
10
6
9
14
13
15
14
17
10
11
12
12
6
5
8
3
3
4
3
3
5
4
3
2
2
2
2
2
4
5
2
3
1
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
5
3
3
3
3
(t)
1
2
2
2
1
3
2
2
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
21
14
23
33
30
28
19
19
18
23
20
26
25
29
26
23
21
28
29
(t)
(t)
2
2
2
1
(t)
(t)
10
5
5
4
4
(t)
2
2
2
1
1
2
(t)
(t)
(t)
(t)
1
1
1
1
3
2
i Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and
the date of interview.
t Percentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
t 0 .5 percent or less.
T able
DENVER, COLO.
17.— M em bers of househ old not in econom ic fam ily: Number of fam ilies having persons in the household who were not members
of the economic fa m ily , and average number of such nonfam ily members , by incom e , 1935-86
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Number of families having in the household nonfamily members
of specified type 1
Income class
Occupying rooms on nontransient
Occupying rooms on nontransient
Num
basis
basis
ber of Any
All
Board Tour
Tour
Board
fami non
non
ers
ists
ists
ers
lies family Sons and
with
with and Guests
family
and
Guests
Other Room
Sons and Other Room
tran
tran
mem
mem daughters room ers
out
out
room
ers
daughters
ber rooming ers with Paid
bers rooming ers with Paid
help room sients
help room sients
with
and
out
and
with
out
boarding board board
boarding board board
(3)
(18,
(2 )
(17)
(6)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16)
(4)
(5)
( 12 )
(8)
(9)
( 10 )
(7)
(ID
All families________________ 8, 572
Relief families_____________ 1,186
Nonrelief families. _________ 7, 386
$0-$249_________________
62
$250-$499_______________
158
$500-$749_______________
357
$750-$999_______________
698
$1,000-$1,249____________
935
$1,250-$1,499____________
799
$1,500-11,749____________
835
$1,750-$1,999____ _______
730
$2,000-$2,249____________
642
$2,250-$2,499.......................
429
$2,500-$2,999____________
602
$3,000-$3,499____________
365
$3,500-$3,999____________
219
$4,000-$4,499____________
166
$4,500-$4,999____________
91
$5,000-$7,499____________
213
$7,500-$9,999____________
36
$ 10,000 and over _______
49
2,858
272
2,586
9
36
93
181
262
252
288
250
242
149
229
163
104
82
51
126
29
40
107
11
96
4
17
8
10
10
15
9
9
2
3
3
5
1
316
48
268
1
15
26
32
36
34
27
24
11
26
13
5
4
6
1
210
35
175
3
6
17
27
22
21
23
21
13
3
9
5
2
1
1
1
537
8
529
9
3
6
6
6
18
36
31
36
34
58
51
42
37
17
81
22
34
200
1,887
6
22
4
8
20
2,087
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
65
133
198
197
2 12
192
182
124
169
11 2
70
54
35
79
17
20
0.5
.5
.5
.4
1 .0
.8
1 .0
1. 5
.6
.6
.5
.4
.5
.4
.5
.5
.4
.6
.5
.6
.5
.4
.8
.8
1.1
1 .2
1 .0
1 .2
1.0
1 .0
.9
.8
1 .1
.8
.9
1 .0
1 .0
1 .1
1 .2
1 .2
1 .1
1 .0
.8
(*)
(*)
1 .2
0.9
.7
.9
(*)
.7
.5
.7
1. 9
.9
(*)
1.5
0.7
1.1
1.6
.1
.6
1.5
.7
1 .0
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.6
1.1
2.0
2 .0
1.2
1.5
1. 5
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
.7
1.4
(**)
0 .2
(**)
1
.2
.
.2
.5
.5
.4
.3
.5
.5
.6
.5
.8
.7
.8
.7
.9
.9
.9
1.2
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
.1
.2
.2
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
1
.2
.2
.2
1
.
.
1 Excludes a small number of families which had nonfamily members in the household but which did not report the duration of their membership.
2 Averages in each column are based on the corresponding counts of families, in columns (3) through (10). The number of nonfamily members is expressed in terms of yearequivalent persons. This figure is computed for each family by dividing by 52 the total number of weeks of rcsidcnco in the household for all nonmembers of the economic family.
^Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
**0.05 or less.
TABULAE SUMMARY
(1 )
Average number of nonfamily members of specified typ e 3 (based on
families having such members)
H- 4
OS
QD
170
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
DEN VER , COLO.
T
able
18.— Age of husbands and wives: Num ber of husbands and number of
wives , by age and fam ily income , 1935-36
White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Income class
Number with ages of—
Number re
porting Under
20-29
age*
20
30-39
40-49
50-59
60-64
65-69
(3)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(1 )
(2 )
(4)
and
70-74 75over
GO)
(1 1 )
Husbands
All families_______
Percentage-----------Relief families_____
Nonrelief families
$0-$249 ..................
$250-$499
___
$*nn-$740
$750-$999________
$1,000^1,040
$125ft-$l’499
$1,500-$1,749
$1,750-$1,999_____
$9 nnn_$9 94Q
$2,250-$2,499
$9 SOO-$9,000
$3,000-$3,499
$9;Rnn-$aJ0QQ
$4 onn_$4 400
$4,500-$4,999
$5,000-$7,499
$7,500-$9,999_____
$10,000 and over..
8,572
100.0
1,186
7,386
62
158
357
698
935
799
835
730
642
429
602
365
219
166
91
213
36
49
(J)
4
3
1
1
1,156
IS.5
187
969
2,396
28.0
291
2,105
8
20
8
59
163
196
135
135
90
59
30
36
18
12
4
3
1
35
84
192
277
255
252
257
203
136
174
99
41
29
17
35
4
7
2,298
26.8
277
2 ,0 2 1
1,530
17.9
203
1,327
7
34
62
131
238
196
230
197
192
134
189
114
89
58
36
79
19
16
8
23
93
134
131
132
122
113
91
135
84
47
51
24
48
9
16
66
492
6.7
77
415
7
16
25
50
37
39
36
26
34
21
32
27
14
323
3.8
63
260
5
]0
27
32
27
20
26
23
4
9
5
241
2.8
55
186
9
11
28
18
93
1.1
12
10
2
21
21
8
20
12
9
6
2
225
2.6
48
177
11
9
14
23
18
14
19
7
15
148
1.7
37
111
g
11
20
13g
9
6
10
5
3
10
9
4
2
2
3
4
13
3
1
1
02
Wives
All families............... 8,557
Percentage.—.......... 100.0
Relief families_____ 1,186
Nonrelief families. _ 7,371
62
$0-$249.... ...............
158
$250-$499________
356
$500-$749________
696
$750-$999________
933
$1,000-$1,249_____
799
$1,250-$1,499_____
835
$1,500-$l,749_____
729
$1,750-$1,999_____
637
$2,000-$2,249_____
429
$2,250-$2,499_____
$9,50049,000
601
365
$3,000-$3,499_____
219
$3,500-$3,999_____
$4 000—$4 400
166
91
$4,500-$4,999_........
$5,000-$7,4QQ
210
36
$7,500-$9,999..........
49
$10,000 and over..
64
0.7
20
44
1
1
6
11
12
6
3
2
1
1
1,894
22.2
309
1,585
2,534
29.6
288
2,246
2,118
10
8
10
31
89
292
2 11
216
166
116
64
71
42
22
13
11
s
222
1
Excludes 15 wives who did not report age.
JO.05 percent or less.
1
30
69
177
267
248
256
247
234
175
215
114
63
39
21
63
8
12
2 4 .8
254
1,864
36
74
203
185
206
192
158
104
179
118
78
68
34
62
17
19
12 1
1,209
14.1
167
1,042
7
22
54
92
99
105
99
81
87
67
104
70
37
30
17
50
9
12
358
4.2
62
296
8
19
24
36
39
23
32
15
17
10
18
11
11
g
6
13
2
4
12
12
18
19
18
7
g
7
5
5
1
10
22
71
5
6
7
11
5
5
5
5
5
2
5
3
1
2
1
3
46
0.5
9
37
4
2
5
8
4
4
2
1
3
1
j
1
171
TABULAR SUMMARY
DEN VER , COLO.
T a ble
19.— Reportof year:
Num ber and percentage distribution of fam ilies by date
end of report year , by occupation , 1985-36
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Occupational group
Business and professional
Date of end of All Relief
report year fami fami
lies lies All
(1 )
(2 )
Independent
Wage Cleri All
earner cal busi
ness
Pro
and
profes Busi
fes
sional ness sional
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(5)
(4)
(3)
Salaried
Other
Busi Pro
fes
ness sional
( 10 )
(1 1 )
( 12 )
N um ber of fam ilies
All riatfls
Dec. 31,1935—
Jan. 31, 1936___
Feb. 29,1 9 3 6 Mar. 31, 1936.Apr. 30, 1936.—
M ay 31, 1936._.
June 30,1936___
July 31, 1936___
Aug. 31, 1936-.Sept. 30, 1936—
Oct. 31, 1936.—
Nov. 30, 1936...
8,572 1,186 7,386 2, 706 1,907
2,517 308 2,209 779 527
78
69 268 107
337
441 318
1, 306 204 1 ,1 0 2
1,611 260 1,351 541 344
2, 238 324 1,914 791 509
45
51
194
17 177
125
4 12 1
1
29
143
37
143
92
92
1
14
9
9
2,501
799
76
317
420
564
75
84
88
70
8
1,061
349
37
143
171
229
31
29
40
28
4
214
80
5
19
19
48
7
12
11
11
2
668
190
14
75
124
164
22
30
23
25
558
180
20
80
106
123
15
13
14
1
6
1
100
272
104
7
26
46
50
6
7
18
7
1
Percentage
All dates______
Dec. 31,1935— .
Jan. 31, 1936
Feb. 29, 1936— .
Mar. 31, 1936.__
Apr. 30, 1 9 3 6 May 31, 1936,..
June 30, 1936___
July 31, 1936—
Aug. 31, 1936.__
Sept. 30, 1936-.
Oct. 31, 1936___
Nov. 30, 1936
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
30
4
15
19
26
26
30
4
15
18
26
29
4
16
20
29
2
(t)
(t)
27
4
17
18
26
3
32
3
13
17
23
3
3
4
2
(t)
33
3
13
16
22
3
3
4
3
a)
38
29
2
2
11
(t)
t0.5 percent or less,
2
1
2
1
6
17
22
28
1
(t)
U)
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
9
9
3
6
5
5
22
1
19
25
3
4
3
4
U)
100
33
4
14
19
22
3
«)
2
2
1
(t)
37
3
10
17
18
2
3
7
3
172
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
O M A H A , N E B R .-A N D COUNCIL BLUFFS, IO W A
T able
1.—Family type:
N um ber of fa m ilies of specified types and average num ber
of persons per fa m ily , by incom e, 1 9 3 5 -8 6
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combined]
Average number
of persons
per family 2
Number of families of type 1—
All
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Other than
husband
All and wife
VII VIII Other mem
bers Un 16
der and
16 over
(9) GO) (ID (12) (13) (14)
970
165
805
894
477
Income class
(1)
All families 3______ 11, 293 3,113 1,884 1,407 2,230
Relief families_____ 1, 619 358 196 198 242
Nonrelief fam ilies.. 9, 674 2, 755 , 688 1,209 1,988
7
37 26
3
$0-$249_.......... .......
26
$250-$499________ 132 70 14
$500-$749________ 369 161 60 46 58
118 97
$750-$999________ 853 299
$1,000-$1,249_____ 1, 299 392 279 185 207
159 184
$1,250-$1,499_____ 1,107 323
$1,500-$1,749____ 1,114 312 215 159 206
207
$1,750-$1,999_____ 1,029 291 178
$2,000-$2,249_____ 828 216 144 95 192
$2,250-$2,499_____ 678 163 103 87 162
$2,500-$2,999......... 853 207 113 89 247
$3,000-$3,499_____ 484 113 72 63 132
36 34 95
$3,500-$3,999......... 306
$4,000-84,499_____ 183 35 26 13
24
$4,500-$4,999_____ 104 29
$5,000-$7,499_____
58
37 29
44
7
3
3 16
$7,500-$9,999_____
4
$10,000 and over i 33
3
1
200
202
1Family type:
8
5
16
29
80
90
87
87
71
73
103
45
33
16
15
39
168
212
166 21
682 311 147
1 2
7
18
8 32
85 22
105 37
89 45
67
74 41
9
87 34 12
59 29 14
5
53 22
37 24 25
150
61
89
2.8
7
9
12118
108
19 16 19
5
66
17
9 13
3
66
6
10
6
5
8 208
6 56 147 25
221
13
8
2
2 31
1
5
3
8
8
121
3.6
4.3
3.5
2.4
3.0
3. 3
3.4
3.6
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
4.0
40
4.7
1.1 0.5
1.0 .6.5
1.7
.2
.5
.8
1.1.11
1.2
1.1.1.011
1.1.9
.9
.9
.8
1.0
1.07
1.4
.2
.3
.3
.2
.3
.4
.4
.5
.6.6
.8
1.0.9.8
1.0
1. 3
.7
l! 4
I. 2 persons. Husband and wife only.
II. 3 persons. Husband, wife, 1 child under 16 and no others.
III. 4 persons. Husband, wife, 2 children under 16 and no others.
IV. 3 or 4 persons. Husband, wife, 1 person 16 or over, and 1 or no other person regardless of age.
V. 6 or 6 persons. Husband, wife, 1 child under 16, 1 person 16 or over, and 1 or 2 other persons re
gardless of age.
VI. 5 or 6 persons. Husband, wife, 3 or 4 children under 16 and no others.
VII. 7 or 8 persons. Husband, wife, 1 child under 16, 4 or 5 other persons regardless of age.
VIII. 6 or 6 persons. Husband, wife, 3 or 4 persons 16 or over.
Other. 7 or more persons. All types not included in I through VIII.
These are year-equivalent persons. The sum of columns (13) and (14) plus 2 (husband and wife) does
not always equal column (12). For the methods used in deriving these averages see glossary.
3 3 families which reported a net loss are excluded from this and subsequent tables. These are families
which had gross business expense and losses exceeding their gross earnings and other income.
* Largest income reported between $40,000 and $45,000.
2
173
TABULAR SUMMARY
O M A H A , N E B R .-A N D C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
T able
1A.—F am ily type: N um ber of fa m ilies of specified types and average
num ber of persons per fa m ily , by occupation and incom e , 1 93 5-36
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born]
Average number
of persons per
family 2
Number of families of type i-
All
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Other than
husband
All and wife
VII VIII Other mem
bers Un 16
der and
16 over
(9) ( 10 ) (1 1 ) (12 ) (13) (14)
691
517
781
316
327
178
6
2
12
1
1
6
Income class and
occupational group
(1 )
Wage earner
All nonrelief families. 3, 994 1,098
8
3
$0-$249____________
$250-$499___________ 62 26
$500-$749 _________ 243 92
$750-$999___________ 534 165
$1,000-$1,249_______ 754 206
$1,250-$1,499_______ 572 154
$1,500-$1,749_______ 539 131
$1,750-$1,999_______ 398 109
$2,000-$2,249_______ 316 82
$2,250-$2,499_______ 210
46
$2,500-$2,999_______ 2 1 1
54
$3,000-83,499_______ 86 20
7
$3,500-$3,999............. . 39
$4,000-84,499_______ 16
2
2
$4,500-84,999___
1
$5,000-87,499
3
$7,500-89,999_______
1
$10,000 and over 3___
Clerical
All nonrelief families. 3,011 776
$0-$249_________ __ 5
4
$250-$499__.................. 12
4
$500-$749 __________ 39 14
$750-8999___________ 173 57
$1,000-81,249_______ 365 105
$1,250-81,499_______ 336 88
$1,500-$1,749 ______ 347 106
$1,750-$1,999_______ 416 120
$2,000-82,249............... 326 68
$2,250-82,499_______ 290 67
$2,500-82,999_______ 330 68
$3,000-83,499_______ 164 38
$3,500-83,999 .. .
92 16
$4,000-84,499............... 52
9
$4,500-84,999_______ 23
5
$5,000-87,499_______ 38
6
1
$7,500-89,999
2
1
$10,000 and over 3___
See footnotes at end of table.
2
11
45
128
151
105
91
56
49
25
18
4
4
35
87
118
81
81
44
25
16
21
3
2
37
54
122
97
11 2
83
71
65
70
33
16
6
9
19
47
49
43
40
39
28
24
10
3
3
17
61
71
47
37
35
25
14
8
3
2
8
17
32
31
27
19
17
13
5
5
2
1
1
1
49
3
3
8
7
2
6
9
5
3
1
1
1
37
5
5
9
5
2
3
2
3
2
1
1
578
1
2
8
48
96
70
75
80
66
42
52
19
7
7
1
4
407
1
6
24
48
54
54
52
48
48
31
27
13
1
629
3
6
20
56
54
55
78
79
61
97
45
33
22
7
13
255
204
10
12
6
5
7
59
31
I
1
15
26
27
20
39
22
22
17
7
5
2
1
3
4
9
9
9
9
8
11
5
1
1
1
1
I
1
4
1
5
5
4
11
11
5
3
3
6
2
3
1
5
5
6
4
2
2
1
1.1
.8
8
.
.9
1 .2
1.3
1.3
1 .2
1 .2
1 .1
1 .1
.7
.7
.7
.6
(*)
(*)
(*)
3.5
1 .0
2 .1
1
3
6
24
30
27
28
24
32
39
72
3.6
3.0
3.0
3. 2
3.4
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.6
3.9
4.1
4.4
(*)
3. 7
3.3
3.1
3.2
3.3
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.8
3.8
4.1
4.0
(*)
(*)
.2
.6
.8
1 .0
1 .0
1 .1
1 .0
1. 1
1.1
1.1
1.0
.9
.9
.6
.6
.6
(*)
(*)
0.5
.2
.2
.3
.2
.3
.4
.5
.5
.7
.8
.9
1 .2
1.4
1 .8
(*)
1. 7
.5
.7
.3
.2
.3
.4
.4
.4
.5
.6
.7
.8
.9
1.2
1. 5
1. 4
(*)
(*)
174
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
O M A H A , N E B R .-A N D
T able
C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
1A.—F am ily type: N um ber of fa m ilies of specified typ es an d average
num ber of persons per fa m ily , by occupation an d in com e , 1985—86 —Continued
Average number
of persons per
family *
Number of families of type l-
Other than
husband
and wife
Income class and
occupational group
0
)
I
II
III
IY
V
VI
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
329
125
75
67
47
Independent business
All nonrelief families. 901
3
$0-$249 ..................
$250-$499 - ____ 24
43
$500-$749 ............ .
$750-$999 _________ 94
$1,000-$1,249 ______ 95
$1,250-$1,499_______ 102
$1 ,500-$lr749
95
$1,750-$1,999 ____ 68
53
$2,000-$2,249 _____
46
$2^250-$2^499
$2,500-$2,999________ 80
51
$3,000-$3,499
33
$3,500-$3,999_______
$4,000-$4,499_______ 27
23
$4,500-$4,999_______
46
$5,000-$7,499 ___
$7,500-$9,999 ............. 10
8
$10,000 and over *___
Independent pro~
fessional
All nonrelief families. 217
$0-$249_____________
1
$250-$499 __ _____
3
$500-$749.................
4
$750-$999__________
8
$1,000-$1,249 ______
7
$1,250-$1,499 _______
$1,500-$1,749_______ 16
12
$1,750-$1,999_______
8
$2,000-$2,249_______
11
$2,250-$2,499_______
$2,500-$2,999............... 29
$3,000-$3,499 ............. 28
$3,500-$3,999_______
17
$4,000-$4,499............... 18
9
$4,500-$4,999...........
31
$5,000-$7,499
$7,500-$9,999 ____
8
7
$10,000 and over 5___
Salaried business
All nonrelief families 888
$0-$249.........................
$250-$499_.................
2
7
$500-$749___________
$750-$999...... .........___ 10
$1,000-$1,249............... 28
$1,250-$1,499............... 31
$l,50O-$l,749_______ 61
$1,750-$1,999............
83
$2,000-$2,249_...........
66
$2,250-$2,499..........—_ 76
$2,500-$2,999_______ 132
$3,000-$3,499_______ 102
$3,500-$3,999.__.......... 80
$4,000-$4,499________ 56
$4,500-$4,999............... 32
$5,000-$7,499............... 88
$7,500-$9,999.............. 18
16
$10,000 and over
1
17
29
47
46
37
39
20
17
13
15
13
10
6
4
11
2
2
4
17
16
13
13
12
7
8
10
8
4
3
2
5
1
1
1
2
2
3
6
7
3
2
4
2
4
4
9
13
13
21
25
20
40
23
17
14
11
14
2
6
4
7
15
8
5
6
6
6
4
1
4
6
27
3
2
2
2
1
4
4
7
4
2
1
5
167
15
13
10
12
10
4
14
1
20
22
18
15
14
31
19
7
11
5
10
4
1
1
4
4
8
5
5
2
3
10
6
5
1
3
7
6
7
6
6
3
4
1
2
1
2
i
1
3
3
1
1
i
2
3
2
2
1
1
3
1
1
15
13
6
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
42
28
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
4
5
4
1
1
2
120
6
5
9
12
12
11
18
18
10
4
2
11
1
1
4
3
1
1
8
3.9
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
(*)
3. 7
4. 2
3. 4
2. 9
3.4
4.0
3.0
3. 8
3.5
3.4
3. 7
4.3
3. 5
4. 8
4.8
6. 3
5
5
2
1
6
18
13
5
3.5
1
5
4
7
2
2
1
189
80
4
1
6
2
5
14
11
16
25
8
6
4
14
20
8
21
9
18
4
9 * 2
25 17
11
2
2
5
6
1
58
1
1
3
1
2
1
6
1
1
2
1
10
6
4
3
3
2
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
i
i
7
7
3
5
6
4
3.3
3.0
2.4
2. 5
2.9
2.9
3.3
3.1
3.5
3.3
3.3
3.8
3.3
3. 7
3.7
4.4
3. 9
3.7
4.4
4
2
1
2
7
4
18
21
9
18
21
25
5
7
15
15
1
2
2
1
1
1
238
1
2
1
2
41
3
3
5
220
2
41
S e e f o o t n o t e s a t e n d o f ta b le .
All
YII VIII Other mem
bers Un 16
der and
16 over
(9) GO) (ID ( 12 ) (13) (14)
All
1
1
3
1
i
2
1
(*)
3.0
2. 7
3. 0
3. 5
3. 5
3.4
3.2
3.3
3.5
3.5
3.7
3.5
3.4
3.8
3.7
3.9
0 .8
.2
.2
.7
.9
.7
.6
1 .0
.8
.8
1 .0
.6
.8
.5
0.5
1 .0
.2
.3
.2
.3
.4
.4
.5
.5
.5
.8
.7
.9
1.2
.6
1 .8
1 .0
.6
1.1
1 .2
.7
1.5
.9
.9
1. 4
1. 9
(*)
.7
.l
.3
.4
.6
.5
.4
.6
.5
.4
.9
.7
1 .0
14
2.4
1 .0
.5
1 .0
2 .2
1.3
.6
1 .0
1.4
.5
1.4
.9
.9
1.3
1.4
.8
1 .8
.3
.2
]7
1. 4
1. 2
1 .0
.8
1 .0
1 .0
1 .1
1 .0
.9
.8
1 .0
.5
.7
.7
.5
.3
*1
13
.4
.4
.3
.5
.4
.7
.6
.6
.8
1 .2
1.2
175
TABULAR SUMMARY
O M A H A , N E B R .-A N D
C O U N C IL B L U F F S . IO W A
1A.—F am ily type: N um ber of fa m ilies of specified types and average
num ber of persons per fa m ily , by occupation and incom e, 1 9 3 5 -8 6 —Continued
T able
Average number
of persons per
family
Number of families of type—
Income class and
occupational group
(1 )
All
i
II
III
IV
V
VI
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
138
76
58
90
48
31
2
1
1
6
Salaried professional
All nonrelief families 462
$0-$249_.......................
$250-$499.....................
2
$500-$749___________
5
$750-$999 ...... ........... 1 1
$1,000-$1,249............... 24
$1,250-$1,499 _______ 32
$1,500-$1,749_______ 42
$1,750-$1,999_______ 43
$2,000-$2,249_______ 52
$2,250-$2,499_______ 42
$2,500-$2,999_______ 65
$3,000-$3,499_______ 53
$3,500-$3r999
44
$4JOftft-$4.4Q9
14
$4, 50ft-$4rQQQ
13
$5,000-$7,499............... 15
$7,500-$9,999_______
5
$10,000 and over.
Other 7
All nonrelief fami
lies______________ 201
$n-$249
$9.V>-$4QQ
$500-$749_.................
$750-$999_..............___
$ iJnoo-$i,249
$L95ft-$1 r4Q9
$1, *00-$ 1,749
$1,750-$1,999_______
$2,000-$2,249 ______
$9 9*0-$2.4Q9
$9)*0O-.$9,QQ9
$aJnon-$3J4QQ
$3,500-$3,999_______
$4^000-^4,4QQ
$4,500-$4,999_______
$fiJftftft-$7.4QQ
$7,*00-$9,999
flil 0.000 a n o v e r
21
29
29
27
25
27
14
9
7
3
6
I
3
4
9
12
10
12
18
12
21
12
13
2
3
5
4
6
15
7
9
8
8
9
5
2
1
1
1
2
3
1
5
10
13
5
13
10
16
4
2
3
4
5
6
4
4
8
7
6
3
1
2
1
135
18
20
19
21
14
16
8
7
4
2
3
2
1
2
2
6
2
8
11
7
2
1
4
1
2
1
10
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
37
3
4
5
2
2
11
3
5
8
3
1
1
1
2
1
2
i
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
2
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
7
3
4
1
2
1
2
1
1
12
1
6
2
1
3
3
2
5
4
3
3
Other than
husband
All and wife
VII VIII Other mem
bers Un 16
der and
16 over
(9) (10 ) (1 1 ) ( 12 ) (13) (14)
1
1
i
1
3.5
(*)
2.6
3.2
3.1
3.6
3.3
3.4
3.2
3.6
3.5
3.8
3.3
3.7
4.3
3.8
4.2
1 .0
0.5
(*)
.2
.3
.3
.3
.3c
.8
A
1.1
.5
.5
1 .0
.7
1.1
.7
.6
1 .2
.5
1.3 1 .0
.9
.9
.4 1 .8
.4
.9
.8
1.3
1 .0
.9
2 .6
.3
.3
2 .2
.1
.1
.2
2. 7
2. 5
2.3
2 .8
2. 5
2.9
2.3
3. 2
2.7
2.5
.5
C)
(*)
.2
.2
.4
.2
.5
.1
.8
.7
.3
.1
.4
.3
.4
.2
.4
.5
(*)
(*)
(*)
1
1
For footnotes 1 and 2, see table 1 on p. 172.
3 Largest Income reported between $10,000 and $15,000.
4 Largest income reported between $40,000 and $45,000.
5 Largest income reported between $20,000 and $25,000.
6 Largest income reported between $35,000 and $40,000.
7 This group contains 24 families engaged in farming, a group too small to be separately classified, and
families having no gainfully employed members.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
176
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
2. — Sources of fam ily incom e: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving incom e
from specified sources , and average am ount of such incom e , by incom e , 1 93 5-36
T able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family
types combined]
N um ber of fam ilies receiving—
Incom e class
(1)
All fam ilies_____________________
R elief fam ilies....................................
N onrelief fam ilies....... .....................
$0-$249............................................
$250-$499____________________
$500-$749__________ _____
$750-$999........................................
$1,000-$1,249________________
$1,250-$1,499_________ _____
$1,500-$1,749........................ ..
$1,750-$1,999______________$2,000-$2,249______________
$2,250-$2,499_________ _____$2,500-$2,999________________
$3,000-$3,499...............................$3,500-$3,999...............................
$4,000-$4,499. ..........................$4,500-$4,999________________
$5,000-$7,499________________
$7,500-$9,999 ____________
$10,000 and o v e r -----------------
N um ber of
fam ilies
(2)
11, 293
1,619
9,674
37
132
369
853
1,299
1,107
1,114
1,029
828
678
853
484
306
183
104
221
44
33
M oney incom e from—
Other
sources
Earnings i (positive
or
negative) 2
(3)
(4)
11,047
1,550
9,497
16
109
344
828
1, 277
1,081
1,100
1,021
822
676
851
484
306
183
102
221
43
33
1,809
175
1,634
7
39
66
112
149
164
172
166
137
115
162
112
65
49
28
55
16
20
N onm oney incom e from—
A ny
sou rce3
(5)
5,069
422
4,647
16
58
135
226
414
510
507
455
467
383
555
304
179
126
69
168
37
28
O wned
hom e
R ent as
(positive or
pay
negative) 4
(6)
( 7)
4,969
401
4, 568
16
57
127
217
404
489
501
458
462
381
552
302
177
126
68
166
37
28
100
21
79
1
8
9
10
21
6
7
5
2
3
2
2
1
2
1 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
2 Includes 1,788 families, 1,613 of which were nonrelief, which had money income other than earnings
and no business losses met from family funds; 15 families, all of which were non relief, which had business
losses met from family funds and no money income other than earnings, and 5 families, all of which were
nonrelief, which had both money income and business losses met from family funds. There were, therefore,
1,793 families, 1,618 of which were nonrelief, which had money income other than earnings, whether or not
they had business losses met from family funds; and there were 20 families, all of which were nonrelief,
which had business losses met from family funds, whether or not they had money income other than earn
ings. These latter 20 families were found in the following income classes: $250-$499, 2; $500-$749, 1; $750$999, 1; $1,250-$1,499, 1; $1,500-$1,749, 4; $1,750-$1,999, 3; $2,000-$2,249, 3; $2,250-$2,499, 2; $3,500-$3,999,1;
$4,50O-$4,999, 1; $5,000-$7,499,1. See glossary for definition of “money income other than earnings” and
“business losses.”
3 The total of the numbers of families in columns (6) and (7), since no family reported nonmoney income
from both sources.
4 Includes families with losses from owned homes, as well as families whose estimated rental value of
owned homes for the period of ownership and occupancy exceeded estimated expenses allocable to that
period. There were 38 families, 30 of which were nonrelief, with losses from owned homes (i. e., families
whose estimated rental value was less than estimated expenses). The latter 30 families were found in the
following income classes: $500-$749, 3; $750-$999, 5; $1,000-$1,249, 12; $1,250-$1,499, 2; $1,500-$1,749, 2;
$1,750-$1,999, 1; $2,000-$2,249, 5. Excludes 2 families whose estimated rental value of owned homes was
equal to estimated expenses.
177
TABULAR SUMMARY
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
2.— Sources of family income: Number of families receiving income from
specified sources, and average amount of such income} by income, 1935-861— Con.
T able
Average family income
Money income from—
Income class
Total
(1 )
(2 )
All families ........................... *$1,818
598
Relief families.........................
Nonrelief families ................ 52,0 22
135
$0-$249 ______________
384
$250-$499_.........................
$500-$749_____________
637
886
$750-$999_____________
1,128
$1,000-$1,249__________
$1,250-$1,499__________
1,371
$1,500-$1,749__________
1,612
$1,750-$1,999__________
1,859
2,115
$2,000-$2,249__________
$2,250-$2,499__________
2,376
$2,500-$2,999__________
2, 720
$3,000~$3,499__________
3,192
3,705
$3,500-$3,999__________
4,203
$4,000-$4,499__________
4,722
$4,500-$4,999__________
$5,000-$7,499__________
5, 790
8,445
$7,500-$9,999__________
$10,000 and over_______ 16,653
All
sources
Earn
ings 2
(3)
(4)
$1,703
568
1,893
69
297
575
840
1,077
1 , 282
1, 520
1. 755
1,975
2 , 222
2, 521
2,959
3,479
3,909
4,391
5, 373
7,862
15,937
$1,638
545
1 , 820
56
271
533
804
1,047
1, 227
1,467
1,703
1,920
2,169
2,445
2,876
3,394
3,787
4,075
5, 205
7,178
12,790
Nonmoney income from—
Other
Owned
sources
home
All
Rent as
(positive or sources (positive or pay
negative ) 2
negative) 4
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
$65
23
73
13
26
42
36
30
55
53
52
55
53
76
83
85
122
316
168
684
3,147
$115
30
129
$113
28
127
66
66
86
87
62
46
51
89
92
104
140
154
199
233
226
294
331
417
583
716
58
43
49
82
90
102
138
152
196
230
222
294
326
411
583
716
$2
2
2
1
4
3
2
7
2
2
2
2
3
3
4
5
6
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2) of table 2, whether or not they re
ceived income from the specified source. Averages in columns (2 ), (3), (5), (6), and (7) are net figures,
after deduction for all families of business losses met from family funds or expenses for owned homes.
2 See glossary for definition of “ earnings.”
3 Includes money income other than earnings, after deduction of business losses met from family funds.
See glossary for definitions of “money income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
4 Represents the estimated rental value of owned home for the period of ownership and occupancy, less
estimated expenses allocable to that period.
6 Median income for all families was $1,561; for nonrelief families, $1,733.
178
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
2A.— Sources of family Income: Number of families receiving income
from specified sources, and average amount of such income, by occupation and
income, 1985-86
T able
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Number of families receiving—
Income class and occupational Number of
families
group
(1 )
Wage earner
All nonrelief families—..................
$0-$499................................................
$500-$749............................................
$750-$999_..........................................
$1,000-$1,249......................................
$1,250-$1,499...................... .............
$1,500-$1,749......................................
$1,750-$1,999......................................
$2,000-$2,499.....................................
$2,500-$2,999.....................................
$3,000-$4,999......................................
$5,000 and over________________
Clerical
All nonrelief families......................
$0-$499„_...........................................
$500-$749_..........................................
$750-$999..........................................
$1,000-11,249.....................................
$1,250-$1,499.....................................
$1,500-$1,749.....................................
$1,750-$1,999.....................................
$2,000-$2,499.....................................
$2,500-$2,999...................................._
$3,000-$4,999...................................
$5,000 and over________________
Business and professional
All nonrelief families.....................
$0-$499 ............................................ .
$500-$749........................................__
$750-$999............................................
$1,000-$1,249......................................
$1,250-$1,499......................................
$1,500-$1,749......................................
$1,750-$1,999......................................
$2,000-$2,499.................. ..................
$2,500-$2,999.....................................
$3,000-$4,999......................................
$5,000 and over................................
Other
All nonrelief families—..................
(2 )
Money income from—
Nonmoney income from—
Other
Owned
sources Any source3 home
Rent as
Earnings i (positive
or
(positive or pay
negative ) 2
negative ) 4
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
3,994
70
243
534
754
572
539
398
526
2 11
143
4
3,994
70
243
534
754
572
539
398
526
2 11
143
4
522
16
23
45
72
3, 011
17
39
173
365
336
347
416
616
330
331
41
3, Oil
17
39
173
365
336
347
416
616
330
331
41
2,468
32
58
119
155
172
214
206
354
306
600
252
201
1,775
19
72
111
251
264
261
213
337
143
100
4
1,729
18
65
102
245
251
256
2 11
336
142
99
4
444
3
6
24
40
33
51
56
86
49
1,359
3
12
39
96
127
131
167
332
218
210
24
1, 349
3
11
39
95
124
130
164
331
218
210
24
2,468
32
58
119
155
172
214
206
354
306
600
252
519
13
19
15
37
41
38
64
72
130
80
1,358
15
32
53
50
92
104
79
173
190
366
204
1,335
15
32
53
47
87
104
77
168
188
362
24
149
155
155
68
66
64
94
38
34
2
88
8
10
202
46
1
7
9
6
13
5
2
1
1
1
10
1
1
3
1
3
1
23
3
5
2
5
2
4
2
* See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
2 Includes families having money income other than earnings, families having business losses met from
family funds and families having both such income and such losses. See glossary for definitions of “money
income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
3 The total of the numbers of families in columns (6) and (7), since no family reported nonmoney income
from both sources.
4 Includes families with losses from owned homes, as well as families whose estimated rental value of owned
homes for the period of ownership and occupancy exceeded estimated expenses allocable to that period.
179
TABULAR SUMMARY
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
of fam ily in com e: Number of families receiving income
from specified sources, and average amount of such income, by occupation and
income, 1985-86 1— Continued
T a b l e 2 A . — Sources
Average family income
Income class and
occupational groups
(1 )
Money income from—
Total
(2 )
Wage earner
All nonrelief families............ 5$1,542
374
$0-$499.......................................
642
$500-8749...................................
888
$750-$999_............................. 1,126
$1,000-$1,249.............................
1, 371
$1,250-81,499..................... .
1,616
$1,500-$1,749..........................
1,857
$1,750-SI,999______________
2,214
$2,000-$2,499_....................... ...
2, 700
$2,500-$2,999..................... .......
3,469
$3,000-$4,999.........................7,248
$5,000 and over___________
Clerical
All nonrelief families............ fi2,026
335
$0-$499 .....................................
636
$500-$749...................................
892
$750-$999 ____ _____ ____
1,129
$1,000-$1,249____________
1,372
$1,250-$1,499_...........................
1,611
$1,500-$1,749______________
1 , 860
$1,750-81,999______________
2,240
$2,000-$2,499............................
2,711
$2,500-82,999...........................
3,601
$3,000-84,999 ____________
5,906
$5,000 and o v e r ___________
Business and professional
All nonrelief families......... 62,870
350
$0-$499 ............................... .
623
$500-8749 ................................
872
$750-8999 ..............................
1,135
$1,000-$1,249_....................... .
1,365
$1,250-81,499.............................
1,606
$1,500-81,749 ....................... .
1,857
$1,750-81,999._____________
2,247
$2,000-82,499.............................
2,744
$2,500-82,999.............................
3, 729
$3,000-$4,999............. ...............
7,627
$5,000 and over......................
Other
1,088
All nonrelief families............
Nonmoney income from—
(3)
Other
Owned
Earn
All
sources
home
Rent as
ings 2 (positive or sources (positive or pay
negative ) 3
negative ) 4
(4)
(6)
(5)
(7)
(8)
$1,456
341
604
858
1,080
1, 293
1, 529
1, 746
2,068
2, 525
3,243
6,820
$1,422
318
595
844
1,064
1,268
1, 498
1, 705
2, 015
2,447
3,139
5,443
$34
23
9
14
16
25
31
41
53
78
104
1,377
1,868
38
All
sources
1,906
303
575
863
1,082
1,301
1,530
1,765
2 ,1 0 1
2, 513
3, 364
5,611
297
547
842
1,070
1,291
1,498
1,735
2,063
2, 464
3, 245
5,528
6
28
21
12
10
32
30
38
49
119
83
$86
33
38
30
46
78
87
111
146
175
226
428
120
32
61
29
47
71
81
95
139
198
237
295
$83
32
32
25
44
71
85
109
146
172
222
428
118
32
53
29
46
68
79
93
138
198
237
295
2,669
273
521
782
1,076
1,239
1,494
1,756
2,097
2,530
3,468
7,123
2, 543
280
489
739
1,058
1,153
1,428
1,695
2,052
2,439
3, 367
6,506
126
-7
32
43
18
61
45
91
10 1
617
150
214
261
504
198
77
102
90
52
115
112
97
146
2 11
257
496
856
139
717
232
232
86
66
201
77
102
90
59
126
112
10 1
$3
1
6
5
2
7
(**)
2
2
3
4
2
8
1
3
2
2
1
3
7
11
4
4
3
4
8
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2 ) of table 2A, whether or not they re
ceived income from the specified source. Averages in columns (2 ), (3), (5), (6) and (7) are net figures, after
deduction for all families of business losses met from family funds or expenses for owned homes.
2 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
s Includes money income other than earnings, after deduction of business losses met from family funds.
See glossary for definitions of “money income” other than earnings and “business losses.”
4
Represents the estimated rental value of owned home for the period of ownership and occupancy, less
estimated expenses allocable to that period.
* Median incomes were as follows: Wage-earner families, $1,423; clerical families, $1,887; business and
professional families, $2,391.
**$0.60 or less.
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
180
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
Sources of family Income: Number of families receiving income
from specified sources, and average amount of such income, by family type and
T a b l e 2 B .—
income, 1985-36
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combined]
Number of families receivingof
income class and family type Number
families
2,627
60
142
280
379
307
304
284
373
206
241
51
529
34
37
57
56
58
57
49
61
38
62
2,897
25
106
318
464
361
374
299
429
202
260
59
2,887
25
105
314
462
359
373
299
429
202
260
59
411
5
11
25
37
38
46
56
62
37
69
25
2, 793
38
74
126
287
274
293
294
498
350
426
133
2,756
30
69
124
280
266
289
293
497
349
426
133
507
993
10
26
107
142
134
115
12 1
163
61
88
9fi
26
20
Owned
home
4a
(positive Ren
pay
or
negative ) 4
(6)
(7)
JO
$500-$749__........................$750-$999________________
$1,000-$1,249_____________
$1,250-$1,499________ ____
$1,500-$1,749_____________
$1,750-$1,999_____________
$2,000-$2,499.........................
$2,50O-$2,999_____________
$3,000-$4,999_____________
$5 000 and over__________
Types II and III
All nonrelief fam ilies____
$0-$499._........................... —
$500-$749_________ ______
$750-$999________________
$1,000-$1,249_____________
$1,250-$1,499_____________
$1,500-$1,749_____ _______
$J,750-$1,999_............ ...........
$2,000-$2,499._.......... ...........
$2,500-$2,999_____________
$3,000-$4.999 ___________
$5,000 and over__________
Types IV and V
All nonrelief families------$0-$499._............- ..................
$500-$749________________
$750-$999________________
$1,000-$1,249____________
$1,250-$1,499_____________
$1,500-$1,749____________
$1,750-$1,999.........................
$2 000-$2,499.........
—
$2,500-$2,999______ ______
$3,000-$4,999..........
—
$5,000 and over................
Types V ian d VII
All nonrelief families_____
$0-$499....................................
$500-$749...............................
$750-$999___...........................
$1,000-$1,249...................— .
$1,250-$1,499...................— .
$1,500-$1,749------------------$1,750-$1,999____ ________
$2,000-$2,499____ ____
$2,500-$2,999 ______ ____ _
$3,000-$4,999____________
$5,000 and over__________
See footnotes on p. 182.
2,755
96
161
299
392
323
312
291
379
207
243
52
CO
Type I
All nonrelief families.
(2 )
Other
sources
Earnings 1 (positive
or
negative ) 2
(3)
(4)
Nonmoney income from—
P£
0)
Money income from—
1,306
47
70
10 1
138
150
144
116
214
133
154
39
1,267
46
66
96
132
139
142
39
132
152
38
2
1
2
1
1,1 0 0
1,083
17
2
20
2
112
2 12
58
114
145
143
118
208
115
136
41
19
56
139
141
117
206
115
136
40
16
23
44
42
52
41
88
67
93
35
1,662
23
36
46
122
148
164
160
321
244
291
107
1,649
23
34
45
120
147
162
158
320
242
291
107
991
148
433
423
10
1
2
26
107
142
134
114
12 1
162
61
88
9fl
26
6
7
25
13
18
36
12
18
10
a
6
2
7
21
35
61
49
54
83
44
57
90
20
11 2
2
6
20
35
58
49
54
81
44
54
90
20
1
4
5
6
11
2
4
1
2
2
6
2
1
2
1
13
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
10
1
1
3
2
3
TABULAR SUMMARY
181
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
2B.— Sources of family income: Number of families receiving income from
specified sources, and average amount of such income, by family type and income,
1985-86 1— Continued
T able
fWhite nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combined]
Average family income
Money income from—
Income class and family
type
(1 )
Total
(2 )
Type 1
All nonrelief fam ilies______ «$1,818
302
$0-$499 __________________
634
$500-$749_________________
877
$750-$999_________________
1,130
$l,000-$b249_____________
$1,250-$1,499............................
1, 361
1,606
$1,500-$1,749______________
$1,750-$1,999______________
1, 858
$2,000-$2,499______________
2,228
2 , 713
$2,500-$2,999______________
3. 658
$3,000-$4,999______________
7,621
$5,000 and over __________
Types II and III
All nonrelief fam ilies--------- «1, 850
389
$0-$499......................................
645
$500-4749-________________
889
$750-$999_________________
1,127
$1,000-$1,249______________
1, 371
$1,250-$1,499______________
1 , 606
$1,500-$1,749______________
1, 851
$1,750-$1,999______________
2,224
$2,000-$2,499______________
$2,500-$2,999______________
2, 716
$3,000-$4,999__
3, 556
6,780
$5,000 and over_________
Types IV and V
All nonrelief fam ilies_____ 52, 325
348
$0-$499 ___
632
$500-$749____________ ____
890
$750-$999_________________
1,130
$1,000-$ 1,249______________
1,385
$1,250-$1,499______________
$1,500-$1,749______________
1 , 626
1 , 862
$1,750-$1,999______________
2,242
$2,000-$2,499______________
$2,500-$2,999______________
2, 728
3, 692
$3,000-$4,999______________
7,150
$5,000 and over .
Type VI and VII
All nonrelief fam ilies--------- 51,972
368
$0-$499 ........................... .
645
$500-$749_________________
895
$750-$999_________________
$1,000-$1,249
1,125
1. 365
$1,250-$1,499______________
1,610
$1,500-$1,749_____ _
$1,750-$1,999
1 , 866
2,238
$2,000-$2,499______________
2, 715
$2,500-$2,999______________
3, 711
$3,000-$4,999______________
8, 888
$5,000 and o v er___________
See footnotes on p. 183.
Nonmoney income from—
Other
sources
(positive
or nega
tive )3
(5)
Owned
home
(positive
or nega
tive ) 4
(7)
All
sources
Earn
ings 2
(3)
(4)
$1, 685
207
543
806
1, 063
1,252
1,496
1, 757
2, 063
2,509
3, 391
7,164
$1, 585
180
481
734
1 , 020
1,160
1,413
1, 687
1. 994
2, 428
3, 237
5,838
27
62
72
43
92
83
70
69
81
154
1,326
1,757
386
622
865
1,096
1, 306
1,536
1, 764
2,097
2, 534
3, 339
6, 434
1, 713
359
605
852
1 , 081
1 , 281
1,510
1,718
2 . 066
2,466
3, 243
5, 899
44
27
17
13
15
25
26
46
31
68
96
535
93
3
23
24
31
65
70
87
127
182
217
346
30
60
69
85
125
182
217
339
2,156
232
565
826
1,058
1,281
1,508
1.735
2,081
2, 523
3, 430
6, 621
2,072
84
221
519
788
1,007
1,217
1, 445
1, 689
2,027
2, 436
3, 326
6,178
11
46
38
51
64
63
46
54
87
104
443
169
116
67
64
72
104
118
127
161
205
262
529
167
116
59
61
71
103
116
125
160
202
262
529
1,873
340
611
878
1,099
1, 292
1, 544
1, 773
2,131
2, 506
3, 477
8,453
, 822
313
606
874
1,090
1,261
1, 505
1, 732
2,046
2,462
3, 377
8, 097
51
27
5
4
9
31
39
41
85
44
100
356
99
28
34
17
26
73
66
93
107
209
234
435
95
28
22
14
26
1
$100
All
sources
(6)
$133
95
91
71
67
109
110
10 1
165
204
267
457
$127
94
87
68
61
97
108
97
163
201
263
442
91
3
22
22
66
66
93
103
209
219
435
Rent as
pay
(8)
$6
1
4
3
6
12
2
4
2
3
4
15
2
1
2
1
5
1
2
2
7
2
8
3
1
1
2
2
1
3
4
12
3
7
4
15
182
W E S T C E N T R A L -R O C K Y M O U N T A IN R E G IO N
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C I L B L U F F S , IO W A
T able
2 B .—
Sources of fam ily in com e: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving incom e
from specified sources , and average am ount of such incom e , by fa m ily type and
incom e , 1 93 5-86 — Continued
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combined]
Number of families receiving—
of
Income class and family type Number
families
(1 )
Types VIII and other
All nonrelief families. ....................
$0-$499.—.......................................
$500-$749...........................................
$750-$999..........................................
$1,000-$1,249_.............. ...............
$1,250-$1,499.................................
$1,500-$1,749__ _______ ________
$1,750-$1,999_..................................
$2,000-$2,499....................................
$2,500-$2,999....................................
$3,000-$4,999..................................
$5,000 and over...............................
(2 )
Money income from—
Nonmoney income from—
Other
sources
Earnings 1 (positive
or
negative ) 2
(4)
(3)
Owned
Any
home
Rent as
source 3 (positive or pay
negative )4
(5)
(6)
(7)
236
236
2
3
14
15
20
24
37
33
60
28
3
14
15
20
24
37
33
60
28
39
2
2
1
4
2
5
8
12
5
146
146
2
2
5
6
7
17
24
19
40
26
5
7
17
24
19
40
26
6
1 See glossary for definition of ‘‘earnings.”
* Includes families having money income other than earnings, families having business losses met from
family funds, and families having both such losses and such income. See glossary for definitions of “money
income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
3 The total of the numbers of families in columns (6) and (7), since no family reported nonmoney income
from both sources.
4 Includes families with losses from owned homes as well as families whose estimated rental value of
owned homes for the period of ownership and occupancy exceeded estimated expenses allocable to that
period.
183
TABULAR SU M M A R Y
O M A H A , N E BR .-C O U N CIL BLUFFS, IO W A
T able
2 B .—
Sources of fam ily in com e: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving incom e
from specified sources , and average am ount of such incom e , hy fa m ily typ e and
incom e , 19S5-S 6 — Continued
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combined]
Average family income
Money income from-—
Income class and family
type
Total
All
sources
Earn
ings
(2 )
(3)
(4)
$3,132
$2, 935
$2 , 866
(*)
884
1, 133
1, 364
1, 632
1 , 880
2, 227
2, 736
3, 766
7,947
(*)
884
1,107
1,293
1, 573
1, 748
2, 075
2,665
3, 536
7,391
(*)
884
1,097
1 , 268
1, 526
1, 726
2, 033
2, 501
3,408
7,311
(1 )
Types VIIJ and other
All nonrelief fam ilies--------$0-$499 _________ _________
$500-$749 .................................
$750-$999 ......................... .......
$1,000-$1,249............................
$1,250-$1,499._.........................
$1,500-$1,749.............................
$1,750-$ 1,999...........................
$2,000-$2,499................ ...........
$2,500-$2,999.......................... .
$3,000-$4,999...........................
$5,000 and over......................
8
Nonmoney income from—
Other
sources
(positive
or nega
tive)
(5)
$69
All
sources
(6)
$197
(*)
10
25
47
22
42
164
128
80
26
71
59
138
152
71
230
556
Owned
home
(positive
or nega
tive)
(7)
Rent as
pay
(8)
$197
(*)
26
71
59
138
152
71
230
556
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2) of table 2 B, whether or not they
received income from the specified source. Averages in columns (2 ), (3), (5), (6), and (7) are net figures,
after deduction for all families of business losses met from family funds or expenses for owned home
2 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
3 Includes money income other than earnings, after deduction of business losses. See glossary for defini
tions of “money income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
4 Represents the estimated rental value of owned home for the period of ownership and occupancy, less
estimated expenses allocable to that period.
8
Median incomes were as follows: Families of type I, $1,585; families of types II and III, $1,617; families
of types IY and V, $2,010; families of types VI and VII, $1,668; families of types VIII and other, $2,545.
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
78127°— 40-— —IS
184
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
3.— M oney earnings: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving net m oney earnings
and average net m oney earnings received from each sourcef by in com e , 1 9 3 5 -8 6
T able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Number of families receiving net Average net money earn
money earnings from—
ings from i—
Income class
Number
of families
(1 )
(2 )
All families.................................
Relief families. ..........................
Nonrelief families.....................
$0-$249..................................
$250-$499..............................
$500-$749.................. ...........
$750-$999..............................
$1,000-$1,249.......... .............
$1,250-$1,499........................
$1,500-$1,749........................
$1,750-$1,999........................
$2,000-$2,249........................
$2,250-$2,499.......... .............
$2,500-$2,999........................
$3,000-$S,499........................
$3,50O-$3,999_......................
$4,000-$4,499........................
$4,500-$4,999.......... .............
$5,000-$7,499___________
$7,500-$9,999........................
$10,000 and over................
Other
work not
Indi Roomers
Indi
Any vidual
and attribut All vidual
source earners board able to sources earners
ers * individ
uals
(4)
(3)
(5)
(7)
(6)
(8)
11, 293 11,047 10,964
1, 619 1, 550 1,530
9,674 9,497 9,434
37
16
16
109
101
132
344
369
330
811
828
853
1,299 1, 277 1,272
1,107 1,081 1,072
1,114 1,10 0 1,093
1,029 1,0 2 1 1,0 20
822
822
828
678
676
676
853
850
851
484
484
484
306
306
306
183
183
183
104
102
101
221
221
221
43
44
43
33
33
33
1,097
135
962
2
16
46
91
125
126
137
85
83
58
93
46
29
9
7
8
1
60 $1,638 $1 , 620
19
545
534
41 1,820 1 , 800
56
55
2
271
252
533
7
512
804
2
784
11
1,047 1,029
8
1,227 1,206
2
1,467 1,438
5 1, 703 1,688
2
1,920 1,901
1
2,169 2,148
1
2,445 2, 418
2,876 2 , 860
3, 394 3, 375
3, 787 3, 779
4,075 4,051
5,205 5,199
7,178 7,153
12, 790 12,790
Roomers
and
boarders
and other
work 3
(0)
$18
11
20
1
19
21
20
18
21
29
15
19
21
27
16
19
8
24
6
25
i The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2 ), whether or not they received monoy
earnings from the specified source.
* Includes only families which had net money earnings from roomers and boarders (i. e., whose gross’
income from roomers and boarders exceeded estimated expenses) In addition, there were a few families
which had roomers and boarders but which received from them no net money earnings.
s Includes net money earnings from roomers and boarders and from other work not attributable to indi
viduals (casual work in home such as laundry and sewing). Average net money earnings of all nonrelief
families from other work not attributable to individuals were $0.50 or less.
185
TABULAR SUMMARY
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
T able 3A.— M oney earnings: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving net m oney earnings
and average net m oney earnings received from each source , by occupation and
incom e , 193 5-36
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Number of families receiving net Average net money earn
money earnings from—
ings from *—
Income class and occupa
tional group
Number
of families
(1 )
(2 )
Wage earner
All nonrelief families...............
$0-$499........................................
$500-$749................. ..................
$750-$999._________________
$1,000-$1,249____ ___________
$1,250-$1,499_______________
$1,500-$1,749_______________
$1,750-$1,999_______________
$2,000-$2,499______ _________
$2,500-$2,999_______________
$3,000-$4,999_............ .............
$5,000 and over______ ______
Clerical
All nonrelief families...............
$0-$499.........................................
$500-$749...................................
$750-$999_...................................
$1,000-$1,249_............................
$1,250-$1,499_.............................
$1,500-$1,749............ ..................
$1,750—$1,999.......... ..................
$2,000-$2,499..................„...........
$2,500-$2,999_.......... ..................
$3,000-$4,999...............................
$5,000 and over___________ _
Business and professional
All nonrelief families_______
$0-$499..................................... .
$500-$749........................ ............
$750-$999....................................
$1,000-$1,249.......... ................
$1,250-$1,499_.............................
$1,500-$1,749................................
$1,750-$1,999...............................
$2,000-$2,499_.............................
$2,500-$2,999...........................
$3,000-$4,999...............................
$5,000 and over..........................
Other
All nonrelief families...............
Other
work not
Indi Roomers
Indi
Any vidual
ana attribut All vidual
source earners board able to sources earners
ers 2 individ
uals
(7)
(5)
(3)
(6)
(4)
(8)
3,994
70
243
534
754
572
539
398
526
2 11
143
4
3, 994
70
243
534
754
572
539
398
526
2 11
143
4
3,994
70
243
534
754
572
539
398
526
2 11
143
4
407
21
6
2
3, Oil
17
39
173
365
336
347
416
616
330
331
41
3,011
17
39
173
365
336
347
416
616
330
331
41
3,011
17
39
173
365
336
347
416
616
330
331
41
283
12
2,468
32
58
119
155
172
214
206
354
306
600
252
2,468
32
58
119
155
172
214
206
354
306
600
252
2,405
24
44
102
150
163
207
205
354
305
599
252
271
201
24
24
23
36
78
59
62
47
63
18
15
(9)
$1,422 $1, 403
318
315
5
595
585
844
1
837
7 1,064 1,046
3 1,268 1,253
1
1,498 1,471
1
1,705 1,685
1
2,015 1,991
2,447 2,422
3,139 3,122
5,443 5, 443
2
3
21
29
35
41
26
54
37
32
3
Roomers
and
boarders
and other
work 3
1
4
5
1
1
1,868
297
547
842
1,070
1,291
1,498
1, 735
2,063
2,464
3,245
5,528
1,850
287
538
827
1,059
1,273
1, 479
1,722
2,045
2,442
3, 223
5, 516
$19
3
10
7
18
15
27
20
24
25
17
18
10
.
9
15
11
18
19
13
18
22
22
12
6
2, 543
280
489
739
1,058
1,153
1,428
1,695
2,052
2,439
3, 367
6, 506
404
646
1,018
1,104
1,383
1,684
2,034
2,406
3,352
6,498
85
93
40
49
45
11
18
33
15
1
139
136
3
8
10
19
34
18
32
34
12
24
38
44
2
1
3
2
2,514
29
2 12
68
8
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2), whether or not they received monoy
earnings from the specified source.
2 Includes only families which had net money earnings from roomers and boarders (i. e., whose gross in
come from roomers and boarders exceeded estimated expenses). In addition, there were some families
which had roomers and boarders but which had no net money earnings froin them.
3 Includes net money earnings from roomers and boarders and from other work not attributable to individ
uals (casual work in home, such as laundry and sewing). Average net money earnings of all nonrelief
families from other work not attributable to individuals were $0.50 for all occupations.
WEST CENTRAL-ROOKY MOUNTAIN REGION
186
O M A H A , N E B B .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
T able 3B.— M oney earnings: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving net m oney earnings
and average net m oney earnings received from each source , by fa m ily type and
incom e, 1 9 8 5 -8 6
| White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combined]
Number of families receiving net Average net money earn
money earnings from—
ings from i—
Income class and family
type
Number
of families
(1 )
(2 )
Type 1
All nonrelief families...............
$0-$499........................-...............
$500-$749.....................................
$750-$999.....................................
$1,000-$1,249._...........................
$1 250-$l,499
...................
$1 500-$li749 ...........................
$l’7fKV-$lj999
. ______
$2,000-$2A99..................-...........
$2,500-$2,999
$3 000-$4’999
......................
Types II and III
All nonrelief fam ilies.............
$0-$499
.............................
$500-$749.....................................
$750-$999 .............................
$1,000-$1,249.......... ...............—
$1,250-$1,499_.............................
$1,500-$1,749
$1,750-$1,999...............................
$2 000-$2,499
. ... .
$2500-$2,999
$3[00O-$4,999
......................
$5 000 nnd over
_____
Types IV and V
All nonrelief families_______
$0-$499.........................................
$500-$749.....................................
$750-$999 ...............................
$1,000-$1,249_..............................
$1,250-$1,499...............................
$1,500-$1,749......................... .
$1,750-$1,999...............................
$2,000-$2,499...............................
$2,500-$2,999_.............................
$a,ooo-$4JQ99
$5,000 and over ____________
Types VI and VII
All nonrelief families...............
$0-$499.........................................
$500-$749....................................
$750-$999.....................................
$1,000-$1,249...............................
$1,250-$1,499...............................
$1,500-$1,740 ..............................
$1,750-$1,999...............................
$‘?J000-$2r499
$9JKOO-$9rQOQ
2,755
96
161
299
392
323
312
291
379
207
243
52
2,627
60
142
280
379
307
304
284
373
206
241
51
2,577
53
129
267
376
299
299
283
373
206
241
51
330
13
31
45
41
51
51
21
33
23
2,897
25
106
318
464
361
374
299
429
202
260
59
2,887
25
105
314
462
359
373
299
429
202
260
59
2,884
25
105
313
462
359
371
299
429
202
260
59
223
11
1
8
2
2,793
38
74
126
287
274
293
294
498
350
426
133
2,756
30
69
124
280
266
289
293
497
349
426
133
2,747
29
278
265
289
293
497
348
426
133
301
4
7
13
37
32
33
32
59
40
41
3
993
991
991
71
10
10
10
.............................
$3,000-$4,999...............................
$5,000 and over..........................
See footnotes at end of table.
Other
work not
Indi Roomers
Indi
Any vidual
and attribut All vidual
source earners board able to sources earners
ers a individ
uals
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
26
107
142
134
115
12 1
163
61
88
26
26
107
142
134
114
12 1
162
61
88
26
20
1
25
35
31
40
21
30
18
11
3
68
12 1
26
107
142
134
114
12 1
162
61
88
26
7
11
11
10
7
14
4
1
6
1
7 $1, 585 $1,560
1
180
159
2
481
442
1
734
701
2
1,0 20
996
1,160 1 , 1 2 2
1,413 1, 379
1,687 1, 674
1
1,994 1,978
2,428 2,398
3, 237 3,219
5, 838 5,823
Roomers
and
boarders
and other
work 3
(9)
$25
21
39
33
24
38
34
13
16
30
18
15
1,713
359
605
852
1,081
1 , 281
1, 510
1. 718
2 , 066
2, 466
3,243
5,899
1,700
358
601
840
1,072
1,267
1,484
1. 707
2, 050
2, 450
3,236
5,896
4
9
14
26
11
16
167
3
15
2,072
1
2
221
519
788
1,007
1,217
1,445
1,689
2,027
2,436
3,326
6,178
2,049
206
504
766
975
1,199
1,413
1,667
2,000
2,406
3,308
6,175
23
15
15
22
32
18
32
22
27
30
183
1,822
313
606
874
1,090
1,261
1,505
1,732
2,046
2,462
3,377
8,097 1
1,812
313
604
872
1,083
1,252
1,494
1,717
2,028
2,451
3, 366
8,079
4
3
2
2
3
2
2
2
1
8
1
1
3
2
1
13
1
12
10
2
2
7
9
15
18
11
11
11
18
187
TABULAR SU M M A R Y
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C I L B L U F F S , I O W A
T
3B.— M oney earnings: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving net m oney earnings
and average net m oney earnings received from each source , by fa m ily type and
incom e , 1 9 3 5 -3 6 —Continued
able
Number of families receiving net
money earnings from—
Income class and family
type
Number
of families
(1 )
(2 )
Types VIII and other
All nonrelief families_______
$0-$499.........................................
$500-$749 ________________
$750-$999 _____ ____________
$1,000-$1,249_______________
$1,250-$1,499 __ ___________
$1,500-$1,749_______________
$1,750-$1,999_____________ .
$2,000-$2,499_______________
$2,500-$2,999_______________
$3,000-$4,999___ . _ . . .
$5,000 and over_____________
Other
work not
Indi
Indi Roomers
Any vidual
and attribut All vidual
source earners board able to sources earners
ers 2 individ
uals
(7)
(6)
(8)
(5)
(3)
(4)
Roomers
and
boarders
and other
work 3
$2,866 $2,835
$31
236
236
235
2
3
14
15
20
24
37
33
60
28
2
3
14
15
20
24
37
33
59
28
3
14
15
20
24
37
33
60
28
Average net money earn
ings from i—
37
2
1
1
1
3
4
5
8
13
1
(*)
884
1,097
1 , 268
1, 526
1, 726
2. 033
2, 501
3,408
7,311
(*)
804
1,092
1,267
1,482
1, 705
2,006
2,454
3,355
7, 303
(9)
80
5
1
44
21
27
47
53
8
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2 ), whether or not they received money
earnings from the specified source.
2 Includes only families which had net money earnings from roomers and boarders (i. e., whose gross
income from roomers and boarders exceeded estimated expense). In addition, there were some families
which had roomers and boarders but which had no net money earnings from them.
3 Includes net money earnings from roomers and boarders and from other work not attributable to indi
viduals (casual work in home, such as laundry and sewing). Average net money earnings of all nonrelief
families from other work not attributable to individuals were $0.50 or less for all family types.
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
188
W E S T C E N T R A L -R O C K Y M O U N T A I N R E G IO N
O M A H A , N E B B .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
T
4.— P rincipal earners: N um ber an d average yea rly earnings of p rin cip a l
earners , classified as husbandsy w ivest an d others , w ith weeks of em ploym ent of
p rin c ip a l earnersf by incom e , 193 5-36
able
[W h ite fa m ilie s in c lu d in g h u s b a n d a n d w ife , b o th n a tiv e b o rn : A ll fa m ily ty p e s c o m b in e d ]
A L L O C C U P A T IO N A L G R O U P S *
N u m b e r o f p r in c ip a l earn ers
Income class
Number
of fami
lies
All *
Hus
bands
Wives
(1 )
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
11,293
1,619
9,674
37
132
369
853
1,299
1,107
1,114
1,029
828
678
853
484
306
183
104
221
44
33
10,964
1,530
9,434
16
10 1
330
811
1,272
1, 072
1,093
1,0 20
822
676
850
484
306
183
10,257
1,351
8,906
14
87
297
773
1,204
1 , 021
1,040
968
773
639
782
461
294
171
96
2 11
42
33
All families.............. ...........................................
Relief families.....................................................
Nonrelief families____________ ____ . ____
$0-$249....................................................
$250-$499— ..................- ..............................
$500-$749.......................................................
$750-$999....................................................$1,000-11,249.................................................
$1,250-$1,499....................................... .........
$1,500-$1,749.................... ...........................
$1,750-$1,999................ -.............- .............
$2,000-$2,249_..............................................
$2,250-$2,499..............................................
$2,500-$2,999.................................................
$3,000-$3,499.................................................
$3,500-$3,999................................ ...............
$4,000-$4,499................................................
$4,500-$4,999 .................. ...........................
$5,000-$7,499.................................................
$7,500-$9,999________________________
$10,000 and over ___________________
Income class
(8)
All families............................... ..........................
Relief families......... ..........................................
Nonrelief fam ilies....................................... .
$0-$249............................ ...........................
$250-$499.....................................................
$500-$749.......................................................
$750-$999............................ ..........................
$1,000-$1,249.............. ....................... .........
$1,250-$1,499...............................................
$l,50O-$l,749..............................................
$1,750~$1,999______ _____ ____________
$2,000-$2,249___ ________ ____________
$2,250-$2,499_____ ___________________
$2,500-$2,999................................................
$3,000-$3,499........................................... .
$3,500-$3,999.................................................
$4,000-$4,499................................................
$4,500-$4,999..............................................
$5,000-$7,499.................................................
$7,500-$9,999 .............................................
$10,000 and over........................................
Average
weeks of
employ
ment of
principal
earners 8
(9)
49
39
51
24
39
46
50
50
51
51
52
51
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
52
10 1
221
43
33
274
68
206
1
7
24
25
30
22
19
19
18
12
18
9
1
1
Others
Male
(6)
Female
(7)
262
72
190
171
39
132
1
5
6
6
17
18
24
20
13
9
34
10
6
8
3
9
1
2
3
7
21
11
10
13
18
16
16
4
5
3
2
1
Average earnings of principal earners *
All
GO)
$1, 532
510
1,697
123
312
560
812
1 ,0 2 1
1,190
1,374
1, 592
1, 769
1,974
2,133
2,502
2,948
3, 215
3,673
4,790
6,697
12,540
Hus
bands
(ID
$1,573
508
1,734
129
331
573
818
1,036
1, 207
1,398
1,619
1,801
2,017
2,197
2,550
2, 993
3,320
3, 760
4,893
6 , 756
12, 540
Wives
( 12 )
$837
448
966
(•)
226
488
645
733
849
1,033
1,164
1,372
1,368
1,495
1, 736
(*)
(*)
Others
Male Female
(13)
(14)
$1,064
$887
582
574
1,246
980
(*)
167
(*)
271
408
736
604
789
771
934
789
904
761
1,095
1,024
1,319
1 ,1 1 1
1,196
1,145
1,456
1,147
1,468
1 ,2 2 2
2,281
1,506
1,838
1 , 288
(*)
2,040
2,807
(*)
(*)
i
In c lu d e s 201 fa m ilie s c la ssifie d in th e o c c u p a tio n a l g r o u p “ O th e r ” , w h o are n o t in c lu d e d in ta b le 4 A ,
p . 189 to p . 191. T h e s e fa m ilie s h a d 24 p r in c ip a l earn ers.
* T h e to ta l n u m b e r o f p r in c ip a l earn ers g iv e n in c o lu m n (3) is e q u iv a le n t to th e to ta l n u m b e r o f fa m ilie s
h a v in g in d iv id u a l ea rn ers, s in c e a fa m ily c a n h a v e o n ly o n e p r in c ip a l earn er. T h e d ifferen ce b e tw e e n th e
to ta ls in c o lu m n s (2) a n d (3) is e x p la in e d b y th e fa c t th a t c o lu m n (2 ), n u m b e r o f fa m ilie s , in c lu d e s ca ses in
w h ic h n o n e o f th e fa m ily in c o m e w a s a ttr ib u ta b le to in d iv id u a l ea rn ers.
8 A v e r a g e s in th is c o lu m n are b a se d o n th e n u m b e r o f p r in c ip a l earn ers r e p o r tin g w e e k s o f e m p lo y m e n t.
< A v e r a g e s in th is s e c tio n o f th e ta b le are b a se d o n t h e co r r esp o n d in g c o u n ts o f p r in c ip a l ea rn ers in c o lu m n s
(3) th r o u g h (7 ).
•A v e r a g e s n o t c o m p u te d for fe w e r th a n 3 ca ses.
189
TABULAR SUMMARY
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
4A.— P rincipal earners: N um ber and average yearly earnings of p rin cip a l
earners, classified as husbands , w ives , and others , w ith weeks of em ploym ent of
p rin cip a l earners, by occupation and incom e , 1985-86
T able
[W h ite n o n r e lie f fa m ilie s in c lu d in g h u s b a n d a n d w ife , b o th n a tiv e b o rn : A ll fa m ily ty p e s c o m b in e d ]
O C C U P A T IO N A L G R O U P : W A G E E A R N E R
Number of principal earners
Income class
Number
of fami
lies
A ll 1
Hus
bands
Wives
(1 )
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
3,994
70
243
534
754
572
539
398
526
2 11
143
4
3,994
70
243
534
754
572
539
398
526
2 11
143
4
3,834
60
222
519
729
554
519
382
514
198
133
4
All nonrelief families,.. $0-$499................................................................
$500-$749...............................................................
$750-$999 .............................................................
$1,000-$1,249 ................ ............- _________
$1,250-$1,499........................................................
$1 500-$l,749 . _______ _________________
$1,750-$1,999.......................................................
$2,000~$2,499............................................-.........
$2 500-$2,999 . . ................................................
$3 000-$4,999 ........................... ....................
$5 000 and over. _ ______________________
Income class
Average
weeks of
employ
ment of
principal
earners 2
(8)
(9)
All nonrelief families____________________
$0-$499 ................................ -............................
$500-$749............................................................$750-$999..............................................................
$1 ,000-$1,249............................................... .......
$1,250-$1,499........................................................
$1,500-$1,749 __________________________
$1,750-$1,999_________ _____ _____________
$2,000-$2,499_________ ______ ____________
$2,500-$2,999_______ ____ ____ ___________
$3,000-$4,999 ..................................................$5,000 and over _______________________
50
34
46
50
50
51
51
51
52
52
52
52
Male
(6)
Female
(7)
64
80
16
8
1
1
1
2
17
12
12
6
3
2
4
3
1
9
10
17
13
7
4
2
1
1
2
2
11
8
Average earnings of principal earners 8
AIT
All
Hus
bands
Wives
( 10 )
CD
( 12 )
$1,283
301
573
825
1,017
1,193
1,365
1, 564
1,811
1,994
2,283
4,200
$1, 303
318
584
833
1,030
1,204
1,383
1, 584
1,827
2,048
2,349
4,200
$587
217
482
563
596
698
858
(*)
1,216
For footnotes 1, 2, 3, see 2 , 3, and 4 of table 4 on p. 138.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
Others
Others
Male
(13)
$1,009
(*)302
(*)
767
990
895
1,094
1,140
1 , 218
1,444
Female
(14)
$649
(*)
(*)
(*)
529
(*)
(*)
(* )
(*)
(*)
190
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
— Principal earners: Number and average yearly earnings of principal
earners, classified as husbands, wives, and others, with weeks of employment of
principal earners, by occupation and income, 1985-86— Continued
T able 4A .
OCCUPATIONAL GROUP: CLERICAL
Number of principal earners
Income class
Number
of fami
lies
A ll»
Hus
bands
Wives
(1)
( )
2
(3)
(4)
(5)
3, O il
3, O il
17
39
173
365
336
347
416
616
330
331
41
17
39
173
365
336
347
416
616
330
331
41
All nonrelief families.
$0-$499...............
$500-$749...........
$750-$999_____
$1,000-$1,249___
$1,250-$1,499___
$1,500-$1,749___
$1,750-$1,999___
$2,000-$2,499___
$2,500-$2,999__
$3,000-$4,999__
$5,000 and over.
Income class
Average
weeks of
employ
ment of
principal
earners 2
(8)
(9)
All nonrelief families.
$0-$499_.___________
$500-$749......................
$750-$999................ .
$1,000-$1,249................
$1,250-$1,499................
$1,500-$1,749_..........
$1,750-$1,999..........—
$2,000-$2,499..........$2,500-$2,999_..............
$3,000-$4,999................
$5,000 and over...........
51
35
43
50
51
51
51
52
52
52
52
52
For footnotes 1, 2,3, see 2, 3, and 4 of table 4 on p. 188,
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
2, 751
14
33
154
329
315
327
388
557
292
300
36
Others
Male
(6 )
Female
(7)
95
72
3
9
16
8
9
14
19
2
2
10
5
10
12
93
1
1
5
5
14
7
8
9
30
6
6
3
5
18
8
10
Average earnings of principal earners 3
All
Hus
bands
Wives
( 10 )
CD
(12 )
$1,660
280
521
808
1,028
1, 217
1, 390
1,610
1,856
2,118
2,630
4, 501
$1, 713
295
540
819
1,052
1,238
1, 419
1,647
1,930
2, 214
2,716
4,812
$1 , 1 1 0
492
699
831
922
1, 069
1,151
1,384
1, 459
1,496
Others
Male
(13)
$1 , 266
(*)
(*)
758
745
942
851
1,164
1,259
1,455
1,791
2,260
Female
04)
$998
(*)
(*)
711
813
836
776
991
1 ,1 0 2
1,113
1,412
191
TABULAR SUMMARY
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
4A.— Principal earners: Number and average yearly earnings of principal
earners, classified as husbands, wives, and others, with weeks of employment of
T able
principal earners, by occupation and income, 1985-86— Continued
O CCUPATIONAL GROUP: BUSINESS A N D PRO FESSIO NAL
Number of principal earners
Income class
0
)
All nonrelief families____________________
$0-$499 .................................................................
$500-$749.............................................................
$750-$999............................ ..................... ...........
$1,000-$1,249_______ ______ ______ _______
$1,250-$1,499____ _______ ________________
$1,500-$1,749................ ......................................
$1,750-$1,999._________________ ________
$2,000-$2,499 __________________ ________
$2,500-$2,999____ _______________________
$3,000-$4,999 _____________ _______ ___
$5,000 and o v er________________________
Number
of fami
lies
All i
Hus
bands
Wives
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
2,468
32
58
119
155
172
214
206
354
306
600
252
2,405
24
44
102
150
163
207
205
354
305
599
252
2,298
Income class
Average
weeks of
employ
ment of
principal
earners 2
(8)
(9)
All nonrelief fam ilies.__________________
$0-$499 ..........................................................
$500-$749.............................................................
$750-$999 .................................. .........................
$1,000-$1,249 .......... .......................................
$1,250-$1,499 .................................................
$1,500-$1,749 . ........ ...................................... $1,750-$1,999 .....................................................
$2,000-$2,499 _____ ______ _______________
$2,500-$2,999 _ _..........................................
$3,000-$4,999 ___________ —.....................
$5,000 and o ver_________________________
51
43
47
50
50
50
51
51
51
52
52
52
For footnotes 1, 2 , 3, see 2 , 3, and 4 of table 4 on p. 188.
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
47
21
39
98
143
151
194
197
339
288
582
246
4
4
Others
Male
(6 )
Female
(7)
23
37
3
1
3
2
2
2
8
7
3
7
2
2
4
2
5
5
9
5
6
6
3
3
6
2
1
Average earnings of principal earners 3
Others
All
Hus
bands
Wives
( 10 )
(1 1 )
( 12 )
Male
(13)
$2,438
260
528
743
1,029
1,130
1,372
1,610
1,945
2,246
3,125
6,187
$2,487
283
536
742
1,036
1,152
1,398
1,629
1,966
2,286
3,157
6,260
$1,190
$1,745
509
770
O)889
1,063
1, 306
1,422
1, 568
1,905
100
(*)
(*)
983
(*)
1,468
1,983
2,191
3,632
Female
(14)
$1,138
O)
898
09
O)1,117
1,516
1,257
O)
O)
192
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
4B.—Principal earners: Number and average yearly
earnings of principal
earners, classified as husbands, wives, and others,
weeks of employment of
principal earners, by family type and income, 1935-36
T able
{White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native bcrn: All occupational groups
combined]
FAM ILY TYPE I
Number of principal earners
Income class
Number
of fami
lies
A ll 1
Hus
bands
Wives
(1)
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
2, 755
96
161
299
392
323
312
291
379
207
243
52
2. 577
53
129
267
376
299
299
283
373
206
241
51
2,466
48
114
251
365
288
290
272
355
195
237
51
All nonrelief families.
$0-$499.........................
$500-$749......................
$750-$999 ....................
$1,000-$1.249.........— .
$1,250-11,499................
$1.500-11,749................
$1,750-$1.999________
$2,000-12,499.............. .
$2.500-$2 999................
$3,000-$4,999.............. .
$5,000 and over_____
Income class
Average
weeks of
employ
ment of
principal
earners *
(8)
(9)
All nonrelief families.
$0-$499..........................
$500-$749......................
$750-$999_....................
$1.000-$1,249................
$1,250- $1,499................
$1,500-$1,749_..............
$1,750-$], 999............
$2,000-$2,499________
$2,500-$2,999_..........
$3,000-$4,999................
$5,000 and over...........
51
39
47
49
51
50
51
52
52
61
52
52
For footnotes 1, 2 , 3, see 2 , 3, and 4 of table 4 on p 188,
Others
Male
(6)
Female
(7)
111
5
15
16
11
11
9
]
18
11
4
1
Average earnings of principal earners 3
All
Hus
bands
W i ves
( 10 )
(ID
( 12 )
$1. 572
275
543
771
1, 015
1,162
1,361
1. 615
1,879
2,161
3,020
5,771
$1, 598
284
552
780
1,023
1,175
1,371
1.631
1,900
2.194
3 038
5,771
$987
190
475
637
757
803
1,026
1 ,2 1 2
1,458
1,584
1,978
Others
Male
(13)
Female
(14)
193
TABULAR SUMMARY
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
4B.—Principal earners: Nvrnber and average yearly earnings of principal
earners, classified as husbands, uives, and others, vith weeks of employment of
T able
principal earners, by family type and income, 1985-36— Continued
FAM ILY TYPES II A N D III
Number of principal earners
Income class
Number
of fami
lies
All '
(1 )
(2 )
All nonrelief fam ilies___________ ______
$0-$499 _______ ___________________ .. .
$500- $749________ ______________________
$750-$999 ...................-____ _______________
$1,000-$1,249 ________________________
$1,250-$1,499 _________________________
$1,500-$1,749_ _________________________
$1,750-81,999 __________________________
$2^000-$2,499 _________________________
$2,500- $2.999_______ _________ ____ ______
$3,000-$4.999 _______________ _______
$5 ,0 0 0 and over.. --------- ----------------------
2
. 897
25
106
318
464
36]
374
299
429
202
260
59
Income class
Average
weeks of
employ
ment of
principal
earners 2
(3)
(9)
51
37
46
50
51
51
52
52
52
52
52
52
For footnotes 1, 2, 3, see 2, 3, and 4 of table 4 on p. 188.
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
Wives
(3)
(4)
(5)
2. 884
25
105
313
462
359
371
299
429
202
260
59
2,846
24
99
308
453
355
367
293
428
202
258
59
Others
Male
(6)
Female
(7)
38
1
6
5
9
4
4
6
1
2
Average earnings of principal earners 3
All
Hus
bands
Wives
( 10 )
(ID
( 12 )
$1, 671
353
600
847
1,064
1,248
1,459
1,662
2, 013
2,371
3,136
5,857
$1 , 681
352
604
850
1,070
1,251
1,463
1,675
2,015
2,371
3,146
5,857
or
*9
A ll nonrelief families
- _______
$0-$499
......................... ........................$500-$749 ............................... ....... ............ $750-$999
-- -- ______ -........ .........
$1 000-$l,249 . . ..................
$1,250-$! ,499 ............... .........................................
$1 500-$l,749
. .
................. ..
$1,750-$1,999 .................................. ................$2,500-$2,499
.......................................$2 500-$2,999
..................................
$3,000-$4,999 ........................... - ............- ..........
$5 OHOpnd over
__ __ __________
Hus
bands
(*)
533
661
745
1,042
1, 142
1,071
(*)
(*)
Others
M ale
(13)
Female
(14)
194
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
4B.— Principal earners: N um ber and average yearly earnings o f p rin c ip a l
earners , classified as husbands , w ives , and others , w ith weeks of em ploym en t of
T able
p rin c ip a l earners , by fa m ily typ e and incom e , 1985-86 —
Continued
FAM ILY TYPES IV AND V
Number of principal earners
Income class
Number
of fami
lies
A11 I*
All
Hus
bands
\KT\xrt±a
W1V0S
(1 )
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
2,793
38
74
126
287
274
293
294
498
350
426
133
2,747
29
2,445
51
20
2
All nonrelief families __________________
$0-$499 ..............................................................
$500-$749........................................... ..................
$750-$999 ________ ___________________
$l,000-$l,249__ _____ ____________________
$1,250-$1,499._ ________
___________
$1,500-$1,749____ ____ ___________________
$1,750—$! ,999__ _____ _______ ______ _____
$2,000-$2,499__ _____ _____________ ____
$2,500-$2,9S9......................................................
$3,000-14,999, ............ ......................................
$5,000 and over.................................................
Income class
Average
weeks of
employ
ment of
principal
earners 2
(8)
(9)
All nonrelief fam ilies___________________
$0-$499_________________ ________________
$500-$749__...........................................................
$750-$999_............................................................
$1,000-$1,249..................................................
$1,250-$1,499 ...................................................
$1,500-$1,749.....................................................
$1,750-$1,999 ......................................................
$2,000-$2,499____ ____ ________ ________ __
$2,500-$2,999__....................................................
$3,000-14,999. ....................................................
$5,000 and over..... ................................ .............
51
31
44
49
49
51
51
51
51
52
52
52
For footnotes 1, 2 , 3, see 2 , 3, and 4, of table 4 onp. 188.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
68
12 1
278
265
289
293
497
348
426
133
3
3
9
6
5
57
105
235
234
256
264
441
309
398
126
2
10
7
4
Others
Male
( 6)
Female
(7)
148
5
5
6
15
14
19
16
22
23
16
7
103
2
3
7
19
11
9
11
24
9
8
Average earnings of principal earners3
AAllll
Hus
bands
IUL
w rvTtao
6s
( 10 )
(ID
( 12 )
$1,800
240
520
760
940
1,135
1,260
1,482
1, 715
2,000
2.690
5.690
$1,888
274
550
773
974
1,174
1,312
1,523
1, 778
2, 078
2,749
5,847
$981
(*)
463
709
705
786
926
(*)
1,236
1, 356
1,555
Others
Male
(13)
$1,218
151
273
736
786
907
880
1.135
1,268
1,471
2,041
2,857
Female
(14)
$958
(*) 408
604
754
789
765
1,057
1,166
1,155
1,633
195
TABULAR SUMMARY
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
4B.—Principal earners: N um ber and average yea rly earnings of p rin c ip a l
earners , classified as husbands , wivesy and othersy w ith weeks of em ploym ent o f
p rin c ip a l earners , by fa m ily type an d incomey 1 98 5-86 — Continued
T able
FAM ILY TYPES VI A N D VII
Number of principal earners
Income class
Number
of fami
lies
A1H
Hus
bands
Wives
(1 )
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
All nonrelief fam ilies..__________________
$0-$499.................................................................
$500-8749........................................................
$750-$999.........................................................
$1,000-$1,249__________ ____ ______ _____ _
$1,250-$1,499______ ________ _____________
$1,500-$1,749............................. ..........................
$1,750-$1,999................................................... .
$2,000-82,499....................... .............................
$2,500-82,999....................... .............................
$3,000-$4,999_ ................ ...................................
$5,000 and o v e r ____ ____ ____ ____ _
993
991
10
10
26
107
142
134
115
121
163
61
88
26
Income class
Average
weeks of
employ
ment of
principal
earners 2
(8)
(9)
All nonrelief families____________________
$0-$499................................................................
$500-$749..............................................................
$750-$999............... ............................................
$1,000-$!,249................................. ...............
$1,250-$1,499____________________________
$1,500-$1,749_________ _____ _______ _____
$1,750-$1,999_____ ___________ ______ ____
$2 000-$2,499............................... ........................
$2,500-82,999_________ __________ ____ ___
$3,00G-$4,999....................................................
$5,000 and over_________________________
51
42
46
51
50
51
52
52
52
52
52
52
For footnotes 1, 2 , 3, see 2 , 3, and 4 of table 4 on p. 188.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
26
107
142
134
114
12 1
162
61
88
26
972
9
26
106
142
131
112
119
159
57
85
26
Others
Male
(6 )
2
Female
(7)
11
6
1
1
1
3
.
2
3
]
3
2
1
Average earnings of principal earners3
All
Hus
bands
Wives
( 10 )
(ID
( 12 )
$1, 734
312
597
865
1, 064
1, 217
1,449
1,666
1,955
2,324
3, 054
7,650
$1, 744
337
597
868
1,064
1 , 220
1,458
1,678
1,973
2, 382
3, 092
7,650
(*)
(*)
(*)
Others
Male
(13)
$1,338
(*)
Female
(14)
$1 , 021
1,093
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
979
196
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
4B.—Principal earners:
N um ber and average yea rly earnings o f p rin c ip a l
earners, classified as husbands, w ives, and others, w ith weeks of em ploym ent of
p rin cip a l earners, by fa m ily type and incom e, 1 93 5-86 —Continued
T able
FAM ILY TYPES VIII A N D OTHER
Number of principal earners
Income class
Number
of fami
lies
A ll 1
Hus
bands
Wives
(l)
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
All nonrelief families_______________ ____
$0-$499............................................................. . . .
$500-$749...............................................................
$750-$999...............................................................
$1,000—$1,249 ......................................................
$L250-$1,499........................................... .............
$1,500-$1,749........................................................
$1,750-$1,999.........................................................
$2,000-$2,499.........................................................
$2,500-$2,999.........................................................
$3,000-$4,999........................................................
$5,000 and over__ _ _ ______ ___________
236
235
177
2
3
14
15
20
24
37
33
59
2S
2
3
9
13
15
20
29
19
44
24
3
14
15
20
24
37
33
60
28
Income class
Average
weeks of
employ
ment of
principal
earners *
(8)
(9)
All nonrelief families. __________________
$0-$499...................................................................
$500-$749............................................................. .
$750-$999 .............................................................
$1,000-$1,249................ ....................................$1,250-$1,499
.............................................
$1,500-$1,749...................................................
$1,750-$1,999.....................................................$2,000-^2,499........................................................
$2,500-$2,999.........................................................
$3,000-$4,999 ....................................................
$5,000 and over_________________________
(•)
Male
(6)
Female
(7)
4
31
1
1
2
1
1
23
1
2
5
1
2
2
8
6
7
5
9
3
1
1
Average earnings of principal earners 3
Others
AU
Hus
bands
Wives
( 10 )
(1 1 )
( 12 )
Male
(13)
51
$2,034
$2,302
$1, 078
$1,347
42
49
52
52
52
51
51
51
52
(*)
650
1,004
1,128
1,238
1,427
1,479
1,547
1,942
5,888
(*)650
1,106
1,163
1,320
1,534
1,580
1,758
2,174
6,438
For footnotes 1, 2, 3, see 2, 3, and 4, of table 4 on p.188
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
Others
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)994
(*)
1,375
1,304
3,153
Female
(14)
$1,064
(*)
(*)1,059
1,1 10
1,190
C)
197
TABULAE SUMMARY
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
5.—Number of earners In family: N um ber of fa m ilie s w ith specified
num ber of in d ividu a l earners , fa m ily relation sh ip of sole earners , and average
num ber of supplem en tary earners per fa m ily , by incom e , 1 93 5 -3 6
T able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Number of families with individual earnors
Income class
(I)
Families
with
more
One only
than one
earner as
Num
percent
ber of
Otltier
Four age of
families Any
Two Three or families
family Hus Wife
more with
mem band
any in
Fe
Male male
ber
dividual
earner 1
(4)
(2 )
(3)
(5) (6) (7) (8) (9) ( 10 )
( 11)
All families..............
Relief families........
Nonrelief fam ilies..
$0-$249..................
$250-$499...............
$500-$749...............
$750-$999...............
$1,000-$1,249........
$1,250-$1,499____
$1,500-$1,749........
$1,750-$1,999........
$2,000-$2,249........
$2,250-$2,499........
$2,500-$2,999........
$3,000-$3,499____
$3,500-$3,999........
$l,000-$4,499........
$4,500-$4,999........
$5,000-$7,499.........
$7,500-$9,999........
$ 10,000 and over.
11,293
1,619
9,674
37
132
369
853
1,299
1,107
1,114
1,029
828
678
653
484
306
183
104
221
44
33
8,652
1,217
7,435
15
83
296
732
1,115
889
879
804
634
506
556
328
204
106
64
166
30
28
8,431
1,150
7,281
13
77
275
707
1,089
872
867
794
624
499
547
323
202
106
64
164
30
28
95
34
61
82
27
55
44 1,918
250
6
38 1 , 668
1
1
1
1
4
15
15
5
6
5
2
4
1
1
2
3
6
10
8
4
5
4
3
5
1
2
2
1
3
4
11
3
3
3
2
3
3
2
18
32
75
142
162
188
203
161
143
242
114
68
50
24
32
9
4
327
49
278
67
14
53
21
20
21
(t)
2
3
15
19
25
13
24
21
46
33
28
21
10
16
1
1
1
2
1
3
6
6
9
6
6
3
7
3
18
10
10
12
17
20
21
23
25
35
32
33
42
37
25
30
15
Average
number
of
supple
mentary
earners
per
family *
( 12 )
0. 25
.26
.25
.06
.18
.11
.10
.14
.19
.22
.22
.27
.30
.42
.43
.47
.61
.52
.18
i This percentage was computed by dividing the sum of columns (8), (9), (10) by column (4) of table 3
on p . 184.
* Hased on the number of families with individual earners, column (4) of table 3 on p. 184.
tPercentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
T able 6.— Sole and supplementary earners: N um ber of fa m ilies w ith in d ividu a l earners; num ber and average earnings of supplem entary
earners classified as husbands , w ives , and others; and average earnings of fa m ily from su pplem en tary earners; by incom e , 1935—36
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
r -
qq
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and family types combined]
Number of families with indi
vidual earners
(1 )
All families........ ........................................
Relief families_______________ ______
Nonrellef families______ ______ _____
$(>-$249..................................................
$250-$499_______________________
$500-$749............ .......................... . . . .
$750-$999..............................................
$l,000-$l,249.......................................
$1,250-$1,499____________________
$1,500-$1,749____________________
$1,750-$1,999____________________
$2,000-$2,249____________________
$2,250-$2,499____________________
$2,500-$2.999____________________
$3,000-$3,499____________________
$3,50O-$3,999___________ ________
$4,000-$4,499_______________ ____
$4,500-$4,999.___________________
$5,000-$7,499____________________
$7,500-$9,999____________________
$ 10,000 and over________________
(2 )
One only
Any
(3}
11,293 10,964
1,619 1,530
9,674 9,434
37
16
132
10 1
369
330
811
853
1,299 1,272
1,107 1,072
1,114 1,093
1,029 1,0 20
822
823
676
678
853
850
484
484
306
306
183
183
104
101
221
221
44
43
33
33
Any
family Hus
member band
(5)
(4)
8,652
1,217
7,435
15
83
296
732
1,115
889
879
804
634
506
556
328
204
106
64
166
30
28
8,431
1,150
7,281
13
77
275
707
1,089
872
867
794
624
499
547
323
202
106
64
164
30
28
Others 4
More
than
one 3
All
(6)
(7)
2,312
313
1,999
2,790
392
2,398
403
95
808
832
79
753
1
18
36
84
172
207
241
229
221
204
353
208
144
112
53
89
1
7
7
10
43
61
18
34
79
157
183
214
216
188
170
294
156
102
77
37
55
13
5
Hus
bands Wives
(8)
20
6
(9)
11
12
39
29
34
30
31
24
50
14
8
7
5
6
1
1
86
102
83
72
58
98
53
36
19
10
11
3
Male
Fe
male
( 10 )
(ID
908
147
761
3
8
21
42
55
57
65
70
67
118
83
58
44
22
37
7
4
647
71
576
i
7
8
30
37
48
51
48
55
87
58
42
42
16
35
9
2
All
Average
earnings
per
family
Others«
from
Hus
supple
bands W ives
Fe mentary
Male male
earners *
( 12 )
(13)
(14)
(15)
(16}
$531
213
583
(*)
92
120
134
213
284
412
484
540
600
710
830
911
920
948
1,0 20
1,378
1,384
$549
297
626
$541
153
582
(*)
106
90
95
191
324
449
526
574
648
808
1,013
1 ,1 1 0
1,088
1,127
1,279
1,867
$486
204
541
$571
185
618
$131
52
145
(*)
13
12
13
28
53
89
108
144
180
294
357
429
563
483
41 *J
626
252
102
190
213
303
398
472
643
711
636
847
1,009
910
1,086
1,410
1,712
(*)
55
106
142
160
207
296
349
438
548
610
724
823
860
809
879
1,166
1.658
66
201
214
213
430
495
528
596
657
774
861
881
882
968
1,199
(*)
Averages in this section of the table are based on the corresponding counts of supplementary earners in the preceding section, “Number of supplementary earners/*
Averages in this column are based on the number of families as shown in column (2 ).
Families that have supplementary earners.
Includes 4 males and no females under 16 years of age.
Average earnings of persons under 16 years of age amounted to: Males, $80.
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
1
8
8
4
5
(17)
2
WEST CENTIiAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
Num
ber of
fami
lies
Average earnings of supplementary
earners 1
Number of supplementary earners
6A. Sole and supplementary earners:
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
T able
—
N um ber of fa m ilies w ith in d ividu a l earners; num ber and average earnings of supplem entary
earners
classified as husbands , wives, and others; and average earnings of fa m ily from su pplem en tary earners; by occupation and incom e
I
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Income class and occupational group
( 1)
Any
One
only
More
than
one 3
All
( 2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
3,994
70
243
534
754
572
539
398
526
211
143
4
3,994
70
243
534
754
572
539
398
526
211
143
4
3,159
60
216
485
663
464
420
306
382
111
50
835
1 002
10
27
49
91
108
119
92
144
100
93
10
2
28
54
104
12 1
136
100
174
126
144
5
3,011
17
39
173
365
336
347
416
616
330
331
41
3, Oil
17
39
173
365
336
347
416
616
330
331
41
2,288
14
35
152
317
282
286
333
453
205
188
23
723
3
4
21
48
54
61
83
163
125
143
18
882
3
4
21
50
62
68
87
194
151
208
34
2
Average earnings of supplementary
earners 1
Number of supplementary earners
,
Hus
bands Wives
(S)
(7)
Others 4
All
Male Fem ale
( 10 )
(9)
(ID
Average
earnings
perramuy
from
Others 6
supple
Hus Wives
mentary
bands
Male Fem ale earners 5
( 12 )
(14)
(15)
(13)
(16)
347
238
$481
$520
100
12 2
1
5
17
33
33
35
33
67
49
71
4
1
6
9
324
5
9
27
35
54
52
35
52
31
23
4
27
34
23
45
35
41
165
268
229
220
1
1
1
1
93
4
8
6
14
7
15
9
10
11
3
5
17
11
19
39
30
15
3
22
13
18
35
31
56
43
45
3
22
2
5
15
12
18
48
43
73
12
22
1
5
8
10
19
51
35
75
16
115
125
283
418
480
543
718
836
996
194
194
361
476
530
637
598
774
956
646
41
170
161
222
301
451
525
595
709
941
1, 217
646
(*)
183
232
266
393
477
653
712
814
1,099
1,993
2 11
$480
94
86
93
171
331
460
574
625
860
993
(*)
$465
635
(*)
(*)
116
234
323
473
548
616
806
1,138
1,080
622
(*)
(*)
89
228
333
386
496
595
878
1.155
94
142
167
210
308
336
475
660
801
796
$492
(*)
72
164
245
226
419
483
538
656
782
$1 2 i
14
13
13
29
60
106
12 1
180
429
842
1,245
685
189
7
17
20
30
56
(*)
123
184
485
490
576
638
854
1,144
TABULAE SUMMARY
Wage earner
All nonrelief families...............................
$0-$499...................................................... .
$500-$749.....................................................
$750-$999— ..............................................
$1,000-$1,249..............................................
$1,250-$1,499...................... ..................... .
$1,500-$1,749............. ............................
$1,750-$1,999............................................ .
$2,000-12,499___________ ___________
$2,500-$2,999_............................................ .
$3,000-$4,999_...........................................
$5,000 and over......................... ................
Clerical
All nonrelief fam ilies.............................
$0-$499__....................................................
$500-$749_.................................................. .
$750-$999.................................................... .
$1,000-$1,249...............................................
$1,250-$1,499...............................................
$1,500-$1,749__............................................
$1,750-$1,999...............................................
$2,000-$2,499...............................................
$2,500-$2,999............................................. .
$3,000-$4,999...............................................
$5,000 and over.......................................
See footnotes a t end of table.
Num
ber of
fami
lies
Number of families with
individual earners
88
110
187
324
592
U009
CO
CO
oto
6A.— Sole and supplem entary earners: N um ber of fa m ilies w ith in dividu a l earners; num ber and average earnings of supplem entary o
earners classified as husbands , w ives , and others; and average earnings of fa m ily from su pplem en tary earners; by occupation and incom e ,
1985-36 —Continued
O M A H A , N E B B .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
T able
income class and occupational group
(2 )
Business and professional
All nonrelief families____ _____ __________ _____ 2, 468
32
$0-$499..............................................................................
$£00-$749...........................................................................
58
$750-$999-._.............................................................
119
155
$1,000-$1,249............. .....................................................
172
$1,250-$1,499______________ ___________________
214
$1,500-$1,749.......................... ........................................
$1,750-$1,999................................................. ..............._
206
354
$2,000-$2,499.............................. ....................................
$2,500-$2,999-..............................................................
306
$3,000-14,999. .................................................................
600
$5,000 and o v e r .______________________________
252
Other
All nonreliei iami lifts __ _
_
201
Number of supplementary earners
All
Others 4
(6)
Any
One
only
More
than
one 1
(3)
(4)
(5)
2,405
24
44
102
150
163
207
205
354
305
599
252
1,969
19
42
93
133
142
173
164
304
237
463
199
24
19
436
5
2
9
17
21
34
41
50
68
136
53
Hus
bands Wives
(8)
(7)
507
5
2
9
17
24
37
42
55
75
165
76
7
Average earnings of supplementary
earners 1
Male Female
( 10 )
(9)
50
160
179
118
2
2
3
1
1
1
1
2
3
5
8
2
6
9
4
10
8
10
15
17
24
50
21
10
[
3
7
10
14
21
25
63
32
3
3
2
4
9
7
17
42
30
All
Hus
bands Wives
Average
earnings
per family
from
Others
supple
mentary
Male Female earners <
(14)
(15)
(16)
(1 1 )
(12 )
(13)
$679
104
(*)
126
197
240
317
410
562
694
854
1,056
$760
(*)
(*)
302
305
356
(*)
594
1,050
1,082
1,822
$699
(*)
28
185
288
352
387
532
744
1,031
1. 463
$593
(*)
(♦ )
(*)
177
149
208
332
556
516
675
946
<*)
294
355
For footnotes 1, 2 , 3, see table 6 on p. 198
4 Includes persons under 16 years of age as follows: Wage-earner families, 3 males and no females; business and professional families, 1 male and no females
* Average earnings of persons under 16 years of age were as follows: Wage-earner families, males $29.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
$747
(*)
211
143
(*)
378
538
642
695
860
935
$139
16
4
10
22
33
55
84
87
170
235
318
12
3tel
Ul
H
CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
(1 )
Number of
fami
lies
Number of families with
individual earners
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C 1 L B L U F F S , IO W A
6B.— Sole and supplem entary earners: N um ber of fa m ilies w ith in d ividu a l earners; num ber and average earnings of supplem entary
earners classified as husbands , wives , and others; and average earnings of fa m ily from su pplem en tary earners; by fa m ily type and incom e ,
T able
1985-86
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combined]
Incom e class and fam ily type
(2 )
Number of families with
individual earners
Average earnings of supplementary
earners 1
Number of supplementary earners
Any
One
only
More
than
one 3
All
(3)
(4)
(5)
( 6)
, 577
53
129
267
376
299
299
283
373
206
241
51
2,175
46
122
239
337
261
251
228
302
152
191
46
402
7
7
28
39
38
48
55
71
54
50
5
2,666
218
H u s
bands Wives
(7)
( 8)
Others 4
Male Female
( 10 )
(9)
(1 1 )
( 12 )
(13)
Average
earnings
per family
from
Others
supple
mentary
Male Fem ale earners *
(15)
(14,
(16)
$610
108
168
129
228
384
488
549
686
942
1,087
1, 740
$564
(*)
194
227
305
377
521
643
716
996
<*)
$624
$196
483
(*)
85
102
217
282
403
567
601
693
1, 183
(*)
464
All
Hus
bands Wives
Type 1
A ll n o n r e lie f fa m ilie s ........................................
$0-$499...................................................................
$500-$749.....................................................................
$750-$999_..................................................................
$1,000-$1,249_.........................................................
$ 1 ,25 0-$1,499 ..........................................................
$1,500-$1,749._...................................................
$ l,7 5 0 -$ i,9 9 9 .............................................................
$2,000-$2,499......................................................
$2,500-$2,999_...........................................................
$3,000-$4,999.............................................................
$5,000 a n d o v e r .....................................................
2, 755
96
161
299
392
323
312
291
379
207
243
52
2
3
69
1
2
$89
8
102
(*)
99
209
386
484
531
680
929
1 ,1 10
1, 740
C)
(*)
7
23
45
75
104
128
246
224
167
12
TABULAR SUMMARY
1
( )
Num
ber of
fami
lies
Types 11 and 111
A ll n o n r e lie f fa m ilie s ........................................
$0-$499__......................................................................
$500-$749...................................................................
$750-$999__................................................................
$1,00 0-$1,249 ...........................................................
$1,250-$1,499_......................................................
$1,500-$1,749.............................................................
$1,750-$1,999..............................................................
$2,000-$2,499._.........................................................
$2,500-$2,999._.........................................................
$3,000-$4,999............................................................
$5,000 a n d o v e r ......................................................
S e e f o o t n o t e s a t e n d o f t a b le .
2,897
25
106
318
464
361
374
299
429
202
260
59
2,884
25
105
313
462
359
371
299
429
202
260
59
23
96
295
437
326
336
276
401
180
238
58
2
9
18
25
33
35
23
28
22
22
1
5
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
(*)
(*)
318
304
293
688
(*)
C)
498
(*)
87
91
170
288
420
540
586
720
t, 181
(*)
$123
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
O
(*)
C)
5
7
6
12
26
38
44
39
79
100
41
to
o
bO
6B.— Sole and sup p lem en tary earners: N um ber of fam ilies w ith in dividu al earners; num ber and average earnings of supplem entary oto
earners classified as husbands , w ives, and others; and average earnings of fa m ily from su pplem en tary earners; by fa m ily typ e and incom e,
1935-36 —Continued
O M A H A N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
T able
(1)
Types IV and V
All nonrelief families___________
$0-$499_____ ____ _____ _________
$500-$749______________________
$750-$999_________ ____________
$1,000-$1,249...................... ................
$1,250-$l ,499. . _______ __________
$1,500-$1,749___________________
$1,750-$1,999___________________
$2,000-$2,499. _________ _________
$2,500-$2,999__________ _________
$3,000-$4.999___________________
$5,000 and over__________ ______
Types V I and VII
All nonrelief families____________
$0-$499_______________ _________
$500-$749________ ______________
$750-$999_______________________
$1,000-$1,249_______________ ____
$1,250-$1,499____________________
$1,500-$1,749____________________
$1,750-$1,999____________________
$2,000-$2,499_________ ___________
$2,500-$2,999____________________
$3,000-$4,999_______ ____________
$6,000 and over.................................
Number of families with
individual earners
Any
One
only
More
than
All
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
2, 793
38
74
126
287
274
293
294
498
350
426
133
2,747
29
1,648
1,099
9
16
26
79
88
107
113
214
180
227
40
1,320
9
18
29
91
101
126
12 2
256
216
299
53
993
991
124
159
10
10
1
1
1
1
26
107
142
134
115
12 1
163
61
88
26
68
12 1
278
265
289
293
497
348
426
133
26
107
142
134
114
12 1
162
61
88
20
20
52
95
199
177
182
180
283
168
199
93
867
9
25
102
132
116
99
110
139
52
64
19
5
10
18
15
11
23
9
24
7
Average earnings of supplementary
earners i
Number of supplementary earners
Hus
bands Wives
(7)
5
(8)
172
5
2
3
20
18
23
10
37
30
18
6
11
11
Male Female
(9)
( 10 )
195
549
404
1
2
6
11
2
6
7
14
37
39
45
54
99
93
136
23
1
7
6
23
27
35
40
81
64
102
18
31
73
44
17
23
18
39
29
43
1
1
12
22
18
11
29
11
38
Others 4
1
2
3
2
2
1
1
2
9
6
3
3
5
1
3
5
7
6
3
18
6
17
7
5
6
5
3
5
3
14
3
All
(ID
Average
earnings
per
family
from
O thers«
supple
Hus
mentary
bands Wives
Male Female earners 2
(14)
( 12 )
(13)
(15)
(16)
$588
96
110
162
201
277
399
450
558
676
880
1,219
$682
93
(*)
177
299
439
505
657
670
882
1,107
2,092
$605
(*)
(*)
94
154
277
423
512
535
725
1,000
1,128
$532
(•)119
156
162
228
294
337
506
609
814
1,095
$614
(•)
66
237
199
240
448
523
581
656
877
1,117
$278
23
27
37
64
102
172
187
287
418
617
486
509
(*)
(*)131
233
215
368
553
473
708
715
1,015
644
450
508
(*)
105
140
160
190
692
464
711
641
1,177
518
82
294
126
491
384
549
576
710
843
6
20
(*)
(•)
(*)
475
(*)
(•)
(*)
(*)
C)317
454
459
400
899
(•)
7
1
35
58
50
84
128
309
430
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class and family type
Number of
fami
lies
Types V III and other
All nonrelief fam ilies.........................................................
$0-$499............................................................................. ..
$500-$749____ ____________ _______________________
$750-$999............. ....................................................................
$1,000-$1,249___ _____________________
_____
$1,250-$1,499_______ ^____________ ________________
$1,500-$1,749.........................................
.........
$1,750-$! ,9 9 9 ..._____ ____________ _______________ _
$2,000-$2,499____ _________________________________
$2,500-$2,999____ ______________________________
$3,000-$4,999__________ ________________________. . .
$5,000 and over.......................................... ..........................
236
235
79
156
298
29
2
3
14
15
20
24
37
33
60
28
2
3
14
15
20
24
37
33
59
28
1
1
10
9
11
10
15
4
10
8
1
2
4
6
9
14
22
29
49
20
1
4
5
13
14
18
41
49
108
45
1
3
1
1
3
1
8
10
1
11
134
124
642
589
3
3
4
1
3
9
5
7
20
18
54
18
1
2
3
g
8
17
20
40
25
(*)
116
246
162
348
373
476
612
801
882
<*>
282
(*)
(*)
447
(•)
518
884
(*>
706
«
527
470
842
612
682
811
150
155
455
310
442
612
776
772
(*)
(*)
210
310
400
488
671
810
948
100
155
88
140
244
280
527
908
1,442
1,418
TABULAR SUMMARY
For footnotes 1, 2, 3. see table 6 on p. 198.
4 Includes persons under 16 years of age as follows: F am ilies of types IV and V , 3 m ales and no females; fam ilies of typ es V III and other, 1 m ale and no females.
* Average earnings of persons under 16 years of age were as follows: F am ilies of typ es IV and V , m ales $29; fam ilies of typ es V III an d other, m ale $234.
♦ Averages n ot com puted for fewer than 3 cases.
to
o
CO
T
able
7 ,—
Earnings of supplem entary earners: Number of supplem entary earners with earnings of specified am ount , by fam ily income ,
198 5-86
204
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C 1L B L U F F S , IO W A
IW hite fam ilies including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all fam ily types com bined]
(1)
A ll fam ilies.................................
R elief fam ilies...................... ..
Nonrelief fam ilies....................
$0-$249 ____________
$250-$499
................
$500-$749 ......................
$750-$999
..................
$1,000-$1,249 ..................
$1,250-$1,499
$1,500-$1,749 ..............
$1,750-$1,999
............
$9/noo-$9194Q
$9,960-4159,400
$9,600—$9,000
$3,oon-$a,400
$3,500-$3,999 ................
$4,000-$4,499......................
$4,500-$4,999......................
$5,000-$7,499.......................
$7 600—$0 QQQ
$10,000 a n d o v e r
2,312
313
1,999
j
18
34
79
157
183
214
216
188
170
264
156
102
77
37
65
13
5
A verage
earnings
of supple
Under $50-$99 $100A ny
m entary
$50
$199
earners am ount
(3)
$531
213
583
(*)
92
120
134
213
284
412
484
540
600
710
830
911
920
948
1,020
1,378
1,384
'A verages not com puted for fewer than 3 cases
(4)
2,790
392
2,398
1
18
36
84
172
207
241
229
221
204
353
208
144
112
53
89
20
6
(5)
(6)
219
83
136
6
11
25
21
27
10
13
6
7
5
2
1
1
1
(7)
221
67
154
1
5
6
15
29
18
18
18
15
6
5
3
3
1
3
s
N um ber of supplem entary earners w ith earnings of—
$200$299
$300$399
$400$499
$500$599
$600$699
$700$799
$800$899
$900$999
(8)
(9)
(10)
(ID
(12)
(13)
(14)
(15)
347
86
261
241
54
187
5
11
23
45
42
32
24
18
18
27
6
4
2
1
3
2
7
11
23
29
26
19
25
11
18
8
4
2
1
1
202
29
173
189
27
162
177
21
156
190
15
175
342
5
337
144
3
141
155
1
154
1
7
27
24
28
18
15
11
25
6
1
5
3
1
1
3
16
26
26
16
16
14
22
6
3
6
4
4
8
23
30
13
17
23
18
10
8
2
1
3
3
17
35
27
20
29
14
11
10
4
1
3
1
1
31
55
37
32
69
46
23
21
6
11
4
5
18
19
12
32
12
18
10
4
10
1
8
24
19
33
28
17
10
6
7
2
$1,000- $1,500- $2,000
and
$1,499 $1,999 over
(16)
(17)
(18)
300
1
299
9
22
82
62
43
35
15
25
4
2
52
11
52'
6
10
9
8
12
6
1
2
1
5
2
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN
incom e class
N um ber
of fam ilies
w ith any
su p p le
m entary
earners
(2)
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
T
a b l e
8 .—
H usbands as earners: Number and average yearly earnings of husbands classified as principal or supplem entary earners , by
age and fam ily incomet 1935-86
[W hite fam ilies including husband and wife, both native born: A ll occupational groups and all fam ily typ es com bined]
Principal earners by age groups
Incom e class
A ny
0)
(2)
Supplem entary earners by age groups
Under 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
20
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(ID
(12)
65
and
over
(13)
U n
A ny der 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
20
(14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24)
65
and
over
(25)
N um ber of husbands 1
10,256
1,351
8,905
14
87
297
773
1,204
1,021
1,040
967
773
639
782
461
294
171
96
211
42
33
6
4
2
1
1
323 1,127 1,479 1, 791 1,649 1,358 1,096
172
64
208
169
238
161
116
259
958 1,307 1,553 1,441 1,197
980
!
1
1
1
2
2
4
16
16
5
8
8
7
6
24
42
40
31
28
39
18
79
125
77
147
68
59
116
138
77
236
98
225
190
115
25
148
187
165
171
117
94
23
146
175
190
170
127
90
14
136
132
90
105
201
187
112
161
158
5
110
79
57
4
31
87
129
122
81
97
4
38
83
145
138
150
108
58
16
85
77
65
74
45
52
6
27
59
58
1
9
26
30
41
33
11
6
18
18
20
1
6
31
41
49
33
1
1
2
6
9
14
1
1
11
5
6
643
100
543
1
5
26
48
48
45
52
47
38
48
60
39
30
16
8
25
5
2
407
57
350
6
24
21
39
38
31
30
32
24
31
23
13
9
9
16
1
3
377 403
62 95
315 308
1
10
7
25 11
32 12
37 39
31 29
36 34
25 30
21 31
16 24
25 50
24 14
4
8
6
7
6
5
9
6
1
3
4
Average earnings of husbands
A ll nonreliel fam
ilies............................... $1, 734
C)
7
2
5
26
4
22
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
3
2
4
l
3
2
2
1
1
24
2
22
37
9
28
43
11
32
3
4
1
4
1
1
6
1
2
5
3
1
5
3
3
3
1
2
2
4
3
6
5
j
5
2
1
1
1
1
41
13
28
84
25
59
47
8
39
1
2
4
5
2
2
5
3
1
1
1
1
3
2
6
2
12
6
7
5
10
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
6
5
4
2
3
4
5
3
2
45
12
33
49
9
40
2
1
4
3
3
3
3
1
6
2
3
1
1
3
1
5
2
1
2
3
9
1
2
1
2
1
2
$1,041 $1,320 $1,575 $1, 783 $1,846 $1, 989 |$1,964 $1.867 $1, 747 $1, 554 $626
$502 $770 $768 $734 $612 $574 $609 $593 $516 $606
* E xcludes 1 principal earner w ho did not report age.
* A verages for each age group are based on the corresponding num bers of husbands in the upper section of th e table; the 2 averages for all age groups com bined are based on the
corresponding total num bers of husbands, including the one who did not report age.
•A verages not com puted for fewer than 3 cases.
TABULAR SUMMARY
A ll fam ilies...................
R elief fam ilies _
N onrelief fam ilies___
SO-S249____________
$250-$499._ ____
$5ftft-$749
$75ft-.$999 _____
$1,000-$1,249
$1,250-$1,499
$1,500-$1,749...........
$1r750-$1,999
$2,000-$2,249
$2,250-$2,499__.........
$2,500-12,999______
$3,000-$3,499______
$3,500-$3,999______
$4,000-$4,499______
$4,500-$4,999______
$5,000-$7,499............
$7,500-$9,999
$10,000 and o v e r ...
to
o
Or
O M AH A, NEBR.-CO U N CIL BLUFFS, IO W A
9.— Wives as earners:
N um ber and average yearly earnings of wives classified as 'principal or su pplem en tary earners , by age and
fa m ily incom e, 1 93 5-86
206
T able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combinedl
Principal earners by age groups
(1 )
Any Under
20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
20
(3)
(2 )
(5)
(4)
(6)
(7)
(9)
(8)
GO)
(ID
( 12 )
65
Un
and Any der 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
over
20
(13) 04) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20 ) ( 2 1 ) (22 ) (23) (24)
65
and
over
(25)
Number of wives
S
All families________
Relief families ....
Nonrelief fam ilies.. .
$0-$249...... ...............
S250-J&499_________
$7/ift-$QQQ
$1,250-$1,499._........
$1,500-$1,749______
$1,750-$1,999______
$9)2£n-$9J4Q9
$2,600-$2,999
$3,000-$3,499...........
$3 KOO-$3j999
$4>00O-$4i499
$4,500-$4,999............
$5,000-$7,499...........
$7,600-$9,999_____
$10,000 and over...
274
6
68
1
206
5
28
5
23
34
45
10
8
24
37
1
1
1
49
14
35
39
4
4
5
3
5
3
2
3
5
2
6
2
6
1
10
29
32
7
25
13
5
8
14
5
9
1
7
24
25
30
22
19
19
18
12
18
9
1
1
14 832
3 79
11
753
1
1
2
1
1
3
3
2
3
2
3
4
3
3
2
5
2
4
3
2
2
7
7
3
4
4
1
3
3
3
1
3
1
3
1
1
2
1
3
1
7
2
1
4
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
I
I
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
3
89 169 163 150 105
4 8 14 15 17
85 161 149 135 88
1
7
43
61
10
86
102
83
72
58
98
53
36
19
10
11
3
3
1
2
10
11
9
20
11
8
3
7
2
1
2
7
16
24
22
26
15
11
20
11
5
2
l
2
8
8
17
16
u
11
23
15
8
3
4
21
1
1
1
2
4
6
12
12
11
15
15
21
13
6
8
2
6
80
12
68
1
1
2
6
8
15
8
11
5
9
7
8
4
2
1
1
5
6
8
7
6
5
6
12
2
3
2
1
4
43
3
40
2
1
2
3
6
4
5
4
2
3
3
3
15
2
13
1
1
2
1
1
12
2
2
10
1
1
__ _.]____
j
3
2
2
1
1
T
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
income class
Supplementary earners by age groups
Average earnings of wives i
All nonrelief fam- j
ilies.......... ................ $960
$630
$996 $1,009 $1,064
$984
$897
$930
$969 $1,077
j
$737 $582 $47 $475 $561 $643 $700 $582 $558 $482 $334 $373 (*)
* Averages for each age group are based on the corresponding numbers of wives in the upper section of the table; the 2 averages for all age groups combined are based on the
corresponding total numbers of wives.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
TABULAE SUMMARY
207
10.— Money income other than earnings:
N um ber of fa m ilies receiving m oney incom e other than earnings , and average amount
received , by source and total incom e , 1985—36 1
208
OM AHA, NEBR.-COUNCIL BLUFF'S. IOW A
T able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Income class
(1)
(2 )
(3)
11, 293
1,619
9, 674
37
132
369
853
1,299
1,107
1,114
1,029
828
678
853
484
306
183
104
221
44
33
1,793
175
1,618
7
37
All fam ilies...................... ............................
Relief families............. ...................................
Nonrelief families.........................................
$0-$249...........................
................
$250-$499_.................................................
$500-$749....................................................
$750-$999__................................................
$1,000-$l,249_............................................
$1,250-$1,499..............................................
$1,500-$1,749__.....................................
$1,750-$1,999__..........................................
$2,000-$2,249.............................................
$2,250-$2,499..............................................
$2,500-$2,999.............................................
$3,000-$3,499..............................................
$3,500-$3,999..............................................
$4,000-$4,499..............................................
$4,500-$4,999..............................................
$5,000-$7,499..............................................
$7,500-$9,999.............................................
$10,000 and over ......................... ..........
Any
source
66
11 2
149
163
168
164
134
113
162
112
63
49
28
55
16
20
Average money income, other than earnings, received from»—
Rent from Interest Pensions, Gifts for
Rent from Interast Pensions, Gifts for Miscella
All
property and divi annuities. current sources
property and divi annuities, current neous
sources 8
benefits
use
benefits
(net)
use
dends
dends
(net)
(13)
(1 2 )
00)
(6)
(9)
(4)
(7)
(1 1 )
(5)
(8)
532
16
516
439
9
26
38
42
56
50
47
34
69
42
27
16
14
14
4
7
6
10
21
21
1
438
24
29
39
28
35
28
34
38
38
25
16
9
30
13
15
348
38
310
383
1
14
15
28
46
32
35
42
27
19
22
17
2
9
3
4
3
17
34
30
47
42
27
22
20
30
13
8
7
2
5
2
66
317
1
1
$66
23
73
13
31
44
36
31
55
54
52
57
53
77
85
86
120
322
169
681
3,153
$14
1
17
10
15
8
7
12
10
10
16
15
25
31
29
28
104
65
29
105
$16
(**)
19
$19
7
11
5
15
17
15
29
27
17
17
19
27
18
17
33
37
14
35
4
5
3
4
5
1
7
2
2
8
13
12
18
72
37
551
2,866
20
2
$4
3
4
(**)
10
8
4
2
1
5
4
6
5
2
3
3
9
10
17
26
$13
12
13
2
i
4
3
8
11
14
16
15
20
25
32
99
36
40
182
12
See glossary for definition of "money income other than earnings.”
*Averages are based on all families, column (2 ), whether or not they received money income other than earnings.
Includes money income other than earnings from sources other than those specified, including profits from business enterprises partially or wholly owned but not operated by
family members. See glossary for further definition of "profits.”
**$0. SO or less
1
3
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN
Number of families receiving money income other than
earnings from—
Number
of
families
T able
II.— Nonmoney income from owned homes:
O M AH A, N EB B .-C O U N C I1 BLUFFS, IO W A
N um ber of fa m ilies ow ning homes w ith and w ithout m ortgages; average rental value,
average expense, and average nonm oney incom e from home ow nership; by incom e , 1 98 5 -8 6
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Homes free from mortgage
Number of families
Incom e class
All families___________ ________
Relief families
Nonrelief families______________
$0-$249......................................
$250-$499
$500-$749
$750-$999
$1,000-$1,249.................. .........
$1,250-$1,499.................. .........
$1,500-$1,749_..........................
$1,750-$1,999............................
$2,000-$2,249_..........................
$2,250-$2,499________ _____
$2,500-$2,999............................
$3,000-$3,499............ -.............
$3,50O-$3,999............................
$4,000-$4,499...........................
$4,500-$4,999 .........................
$5,000-$7,499...........................
$7,500-$S,999 .........................
$10,000 and over__________
(2 )
11,293
1, 619
9,674
37
132
369
853
1,299
1,107
1,114
1,029
828
678
853
484
306
183
104
221
44
33
Families owning
homes free from
mortgage
Families owning
Average mortgaged homes Average Average expense 5 Average Interest
as per
Average
Average
non
Owning
nonrental
rental expense money
money ofcentage
homes 1
value
2
rental
value 2 expense 3 income
income
4
4
value
Number Percent
Number Percent
Interest Other
age 5
age 5
(9)
( 10 )
( 12 )
(13)
(4)
(8)
(15)
(7)
(3)
(5)
(14)
(6)
(ID
4,969
401
4,568
16
57
127
217
404
489
501
458
462
381
552
302
177
126
68
166
37
28
2,402
184
2,218
12
39
78
116
177
199
2 12
205
198
179
267
167
95
66
46
11 1
26
25
48
46
49
(t)
(t)
68
61
54
44
41
42
45
43
47
48
55
54
52
68
67
70
$430
203
448
253
325
298
303
286
328
350
392
412
433
485
565
561
629
706
781
972
1,114
$114
73
116
83
95
90
91
88
96
100
106
110
114
122
136
135
148
161
174
207
232
$316
130
332
170
230
208
212
198
232
250
286
302
319
363
429
426
481
545
607
765
882
, 567
‘217
2,350
4
18
49
101
227
290
289
253
264
202
285
135
82
60
22
55
11
3
2
(t)
(t)
52
54
51
$394
233
409
32
39
46
56
59
58
55
57
53
52
45
46
48
32
33
30
210
290
247
263
288
325
347
377
421
432
469
527
593
664
697
754
920
960
$90
56
94
33
75
63
64
78
76
81
91
104
92
101
107
119
139
136
168
150
327
$107
78
109
75
87
81
83
88
95
99
103
111
11 2
120
130
142
153
160
169
226
200
$197
99
206
102
128
103
116
122
154
167
183
206
228
248
290
332
372
401
417
544
433
23
24
23
16
26
25
24
27
23
23
24
25
21
22
20
20
21
20
22
16
34
1 Includes all families occupying owned homes at any time during the report year, but excludes 2 families whose expenses exactly equaled the annual rental value of their homes.
Data for the latter families, however, are included in the computation of averages.
2 Based on estimate made by home owner, for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. This period averages, in general, approximately 12 months.
* Expense for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. Expense other than interest, columns (7) and (13), estimated on basis of average relationship between
rental value and expense.
fcO
4 Nonmoney income for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. Obtained by deducting estimated expense (including interest) from rental value.
5 Based on number of families owning homes, column (3).
CO
tPeroentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
TABULAR SUMMARY
(1 )
All
Mortgaged homes
O
12.— Monthly rental value:
N u m ber of hom e-ow ning fa m ilie s having hom es w ith specified m on th ly ren tal va lu e , by in co m e , 19 3 5 -8 6
1
210
T able
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
(1 )
All families-..............
Relief families..........
Nonrelief families—
$0-$249________
$250-$499_...........
$500-1749.............
$750-$999_...........
$1,000-11,249— „
$1,250-SI,499— .
$1,500-$1,749— .
$1,750-$1,999— _
$2,000-$2,249—
$2,250-$2,499— _
$2,500-$2,999— .
$3,000-$3,499— .
$3,500-$3,999— _
$4,000-$4,499—
$4,500-$4,999___
$5,000-$7,499___
$7,500-$9,999___
$10,000 and over.
11,161 4,942
1,597 402
9,564 4, 540
16
37
129
54
362 126
843 215
1,281 400
1,091 485
1,103 498
1,016 455
820 462
672 377
843 552
483 300
304 175
180 126
68
103
221 166
44
37
32
28
44
25
48
43
42
35
26
31
44
45
45
56
56
66
62
58
70
66
75
84
88
Number of home-owning families reporting monthly rental value of—
Average
monthly
rental
value
$75- $100
of owned Un
and
$5-$9 $10-$14 $15-$19 $20-$24 $25-$29 $30-$34 $35-$39 $40-$44 $45-$49 $5Q-$54 $55-$64 $65-$74 $100
homes 2 der
over
$5
(6)
(8)
(9)
( 10 ) (ID ( 12 ) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20 )
(7)
(5)
$34.70
18.50
36! 10
20 . 20
26. 90
23. 40
24.30
24.60
27.60
29. 50
32.50
35.10
36.70
39.90
45.90
48.50
53.80
58.50
64.40
80.80
92.10
3
1
2
69
43
26
202
87
115
1
1
1
2
6
8
5
3
2
3
13
25
33
20
H
5
3
1
390
96
294
4
10
29
40
71
57
36
19
11
7
6
3
435
47
388
5
6
17
31
77
72
66
45
29
13
21
3
2
1
1
805
69
736
6
6
26
46
92
128
122
81
83
58
52
15
12
3
2
4
657
32
625
10
12
19
53
74
91
93
71
66
82
26
13
7
3
5
749
17
732
9
7
23
34
61
95
111
100
97
95
56
20
11
1
11
1
442
273
2
2
440
271
357
4
353
2
8
4
2
4
4
9
10
33
35
47
65
48
88
36
22
17
6
11
2
1
6
11
23
18
40
23
61
39
17
8
8
6
1
2
2
12
22
11
14
38
39
78
45
29
17
11
24
1
4
231
124
141
64
1
1
141
64
230
2
2
3
3
4
12
7
14
50
35
28
27
13
22
7
1
123
1
1
2
3
1
1
2
2
4
6
5
8
22
15
18
8
26
5
1
6
6
6
9
18
13
15
9
36
9
8
1
1
1
2
4
3
6
20
11
13
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as home-owning families or
as renting families according to their status at the date of interview.
2 Based on estimate made by home owner for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. Averages are based on the number of home-owning families as of end of
report year, column (3).
* Based on the number of home-owning and renting families, column (2 ).
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
Home-own
Number ing families
of home
owning
and
renting Num Per
families ber cent
age 3
(3)
(4)
( 2)
T able 13, —
Monthly rent:
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
N u m ber of ren tin g fa m ilie s rep ortin g specified m o n th ly ren t , by in c o m e , 1 9 3 5 -8 6
!
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Income class
(1 )
Renting fam
Number of renting families reporting monthly rent ofNumber
ilies
of homeAverage
owning
monthly
and
Per rent 2 Un
$15- $20- $25- $30- $35- $40- $45- $50- $55- $65- $75- $100
renting Num cent
10 and Rent
der $5-$9 $$14
free 4
$19 $24 $29 $34 $39 $44 $49 $54 $64 $74 $99 over
families ber age 3
$5
(5)
(6) (7) (8 ) (9) ( 10 ) (ID ( 12 ) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (2 1 )
(2 )
(3)
(4)
56
75
52
57
58
65
74
69
56
55
55
44
44
34
38
42
30
34
25
16
12
$24.90
14.60
27.40
21.90
17.00
17.60
18.10
21.30
24.20
26.40
29.50
31.00
35.10
36.30
42.00
46.90
48.30
51.90
58.50
61.40
76.00
15
11
4
312
207
105
860 1,007
411 278
449 729
2
11
2
1
1
23
41
17
7
4
2
23
69
142
123
35
26
17
6
3
2
10
11
55
188
205
119
69
35
24
6
5
2
949 1,007
143 82
806 925
1
4
11
8
35 33
86
111
215 163
141 139
125 163
138
68
42 79
30 41
16 40
19
6
2
7
2
2
1
2
1
698
37
661
1
5
35
83
76
110
117
77
45
63
27
8
11
1
2
515
12
503
1
2
6
12
41
41
54
103
55
72
60
30
13
5
3
4
1
310
4
306
168
149
110
39
41
8
29
168
149
110
39
41
8
8
21
1
1
2
1
3
1
8
13
30
26
52
35
38
38
20
23
8
6
4
1
4
7
13
11
20
24
30
28
12
12
4
1
7
3
7
12
12
21
21
22
19
6
5
10
1
1
2
2
1
4
3
3
2
4
9
9
21
22
13
4
13
3
5
4
1
2
1
2
4
3
5
9
2
3
6
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
4
7
3
5
10
2
1
1
2
1
3
1
3
i Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as home-owning families or
as renting families according to their status at the date of interview.
®Rent reported at date of interview. Averages are based on the number of renting families in each class that reported monthly rent, including families receiving rent free, the
amount of which was estimated by the family.
* Based on the number of home-owning and renting families, column (2).
4 Consists of families receiving rent as gift.
fcO
*Includes 2 relief families that did not report monthly rent.
TABULAR SUMMARY
All families.................................................... *11,161 6,219
Relief families
1, 597 1,195
Nonrelief families......................................... 9,564 5,024
$0-$249 ..............
_ _
21
37
$250-$499.....................
........
129
75
$500-$749.........................................
362 236
$750-$999
843 628
$1,000-$1,249............................
1,281 881
$1,250-$!,499...................................
1,091 606
$1,500-$1,749_____________________ 1,103 605
$1,750-$1,999_ __________________
1,016 561
$2,000-$2,249_.......................................
820 358
$2,250-$2,499_____ ________________
672 295
$2,500-$2,999_____________________
843 291
$3,000-$3,499.............. ........................__
483 183
$3,500-$3,999...........................................
304 129
$4,000-$4,499___ ____ _____________
54
180
$4,500-$4,999.................. .......................
103
35
$5,000-$7,499__________ ___________
221
55
$7,500-$9,999________________ ____
44
7
4
$10 ,000 and over __ __________
32
h-*
OMAHA, NEBR.-COUNCIL BLU FFS, IOWA
T able
fcO
h-*
14A.—Average monthlyrenrental
value and average monthly rent: N u m ber of hom e-ow nin g a n d ren tin g fa m ilie s , average m o n th ly ^
tal va lu e a n d average m onthly ren t by occu pation and in com e, 1 9 3 5 -8 6
,
,
1
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Income class
(1)
Number of
families
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families 2
Average
monthly—
Number of
families
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families 3
Average
monthly—
Occupational group: Business and professional
Number of
families
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families 2
Average
monthly—
Home Rent Home Rent Rental
Home Rent Home Rent Rental
Home Rent Home Rent Rental
owning ing owning ing value 3 R en t 4 owning ing owning ing value 3 R en t 4 owning ing owning ing value 3 Rent 4
(18)
( 12 )
(13)
(16)
(17)
(3)
GO)
(2 )
(15)
(14)
(19)
(6)
(4)
(5)
(9)
(7)
(8)
(1 1 )
All nonrelief families s- .. 1, 719
$0-$499................................
18
$500-$749............................
64
$750-$999............................
10 1
$1,000-$1,249......................
242
$1,250-$1,499_._...............
249
$1,600-$!, 749......................
256
$1,750-$1,999_._..................
210
$2,000-$2,499___..................
335
$2,500-$2,999.......................
141
$3,000-$4,999.......................
99
$5,000 and over________
4
2,228
52
174
427
505
313
275
186
185
68
43
44
26
27
19
32
44
48
53
64
68
70
(t)
56 $27. 90 $2 1 . 20
74 20 . 20 14.10
73 18. 40 16.00
81 20.26 16. 70
68
22. 30 19.80
56 25. 00 21.80
52 26.90 24.00
47 29.90 26.00
36 32.10 26. 50
32 33.80 30.60
30 39. 60 32.60
47.50
1,340
3
11
38
94
122
128
164
328
219
209
24
1, 633
14
27
132
263
209
216
245
283
108
119
17
45
(t)
29
22
28
37
37
40
54
67
64
58
55 $36. 30 $29. 80
31.70 22 . 80
(t)
71 25.00 20. 70
78 21.90 20. 40
74 27. 60 22.40
63 28. 60 26.00
63 30. 50 27.70
60 34.10 31.20
46 36. 20 34.60
33 39. 80 37.80
36 47. 50 44.70
42 56.90 54. 70
1,326
12
32
53
47
87
103
75
168
188
359
202
1,118
17
26
65
105
84
111
127
183
113
238
49
54
(t)
55
45
31
51
48
37
48
62
60
80
46 $46.70
24.80
(t)
45 26.00
55 28.00
69 28.80
49 31.70
52 33.60
63 35.60
52 41.60
38 44.40
40 53.00
72.60
20
$35.90
23.10
22. 50
21.90
25. 50
29.00
29.70
31.00
36.40
38.60
48.00
61.70
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as home-owning families or
as renting families according to their status at the date of interview.
2 Based on the number of home-owning and renting families in the respective occupational group.
3 Based on estimate made by home owner for period of ownership and occupancy during the report year. Averages are based on the number of home-owning families as of end of
report year.
4 Rent as reported at date of interview
Averages in this column are based on the number of families reporting monthly rent, including families receiving rent as gift, the amount
of which is estimated by the family
* Of the families classified in the occupational group “ Other," 200 did not change their living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Of the latter
group 155 families, or 78 percent, were owning families. Their average monthly rental value was $35.20. The remaining 45 families, or 22 percent, were renting families. Their aver
age monthly rent was $29.50.
tPercentage not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Occupational group: Clerical
Occupational group: Wage earner
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
T able
14B.— Average m on th ly rental value and average m on th ly rent: N um ber of hom e-owning and renting fa m ilies, average m onthly
rental value , and average m onthly rent, by fa m ily typ e and incom e , 1985—36 1
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combined]
Family type I
Income class
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families 3
Number of
families
Average
monthly—
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families *
Average
monthly—
Number of
families
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families 3
Average
monthly—
Home- Rent Home Rent Rental
Home Rent Home Rent Rental
Home Rent Home Rent Rental
owning ing owning ing value 3 R en t 4 owning ing owning ing value 3 R en t 4 owning ing owning ing value 3 R en t 4
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(8)
(9)
( 10 )
(7)
(ID (12 ) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19)
All nonrelief families___ 1,263
44
$0-$499________________
$500-$749........ ...................
67
96
$750-$999______________
132
$1,000-$1,249 ............... .
137
$1,250-$1,499_________
141
$1,500-$1,749___________
112
$1,750-$1,999__________ _
213
$2,000-$2,499___________
132
$2,500-$2,999.......................
151
$3,000-$4,999_ ....................
$5,000 and ovor
38
1,465
50
92
200
256
181
170
175
163
74
90
14
46
47
42
32
34
43
45
39
57
64
63
73
54 $36.10 $28.30
53 25. 66 2 0 .10
58 26. 10 18. 30
68
27. 20 20.00
66
26.50 22. 90
57 30. 80 27. 20
55 32. 20 29.20
61 33. 90 31.20
13 38. 80 34.10
36 41. 20 37. 00
37 51. 00 49. 30
27 68. 90 61. 90
1,074
i
1
18
55
111
138
141
114
206
115
135
40
1,770
23
83
258
347
214
227
181
215
81
122
19
38
(t)
18
18
24
39
38
39
49
59
53
68
62 $34.90 $26.20
15.30
(t)
(*)50 15.
82 19.
60
82 22 . 20 16. 80
76 22.40 20. 70
61 25. 70 23.10
62 29. 00 25.00
61 32. 30 29. 50
51 36.60 33.80
41 42.20 37.80
47 52.40 46.50
32 65.80 65. 00
1,638
23
34
44
119
146
160
158
316
242
289
107
1,134
15
40
81
163
126
130
132
180
105
136
26
59
60
46
35
42
54
55
54
64
70
68
80
41 $37.50
40 25. 60
54 20. 70
65 24.60
58 26.30
46 27. 80
45 29. 20
46 32.10
36 34. 50
30 38. 60
32 48. 00
74. 80
20
$29. 80
19. 40
21. 30
20.00
21.90
23.80
27. 69
29. 1
32.10
39 10
44.70
55.60
TABULAR SUMMARY
(1 )
Number of
families
Family types IV and V
Family types II and ID
See fo o tn o tes a t en d o f table.
to
cc
14R.— Average m on th ly rental value and average m on th ly rent: N um ber of hom e-owning and renting fam ilies, average
m onthly rental value, and average m onthly rent, by fa m ily typ e and incom e, 1 9 8 5 -3 6
1—Continued
214
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
T able
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combined]
Family types VI and VII
(1 )
All nonrelief families ______________ ______________________________________
$0-$499__________________________ __________________________________ _
$500-$749________ _______ _______________________ _________ _______ ______
$750-$999_______________ ____ ________________________ _______________ _
$1,000-$1,249_________________ ___________________ ____ ________ __________
$1,250-$1,499__________________________ ____________ _______ ______________
$1,500-$1,749_______________________ __________________ _____ ____________
$1,750-$1,999_______ ___________ ____ _________________________________
$2,000-$2,499_____________________ _____ ___ _____ _________________________
$2,500-$2,999_—_________________________________ ______ _________________
$3,000-$4,999_____________ ________ ___________________ __________________
$5,000 and over___________ _______ _________ ____ ________________________
Number of
families
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families 2
Average
monthly—
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families 2
Number of
families
Average
monthly—
Home Rent Home Rent Rental
Home Rent Home Rent Rental
owning ing owning ing value 3 R en t 4 owning ing owning ing value 3 R en t 4
(7)
(13)
( 10 )
( 12 )
(2 )
(3)
(5)
(6)
(8)
(9)
(4)
(1 1 )
420
565
2
8
21
86
5
34
58
49
54
80
44
54
20
20
105
76
65
66
82
17
34
5
43
(t)
(t)
(t)
19
24
43
43
45
49
72
61
57 $32. 50 $23.40
1 1 . 20
(t)
(*)
15.70
(t)81 17.00
16.20 15. 60
76 19.40 18. 70
57 23.90 21.60
57 25. 50 22. 70
55 31.80 26. 70
51 32. 30 30.60
28 39. 40 32.50
39 48.10 37.80
(t) 63. 50 59.00
145
90
2
3
9
13
7
13
14
19
4
6
7
17
24
19
40
26
10
2
62
(t)
(t)
(t)
(t)
(t)
65
58
(t)
68
38 $40.70
$27.60
(*)
18.00
25.80
2 2 .10
30.90
31.80
35.30
44.40
66.30
22.70
24. Of)
19.20
21.80
19. 70
26. 60
30.90
36. 60
O
(l[)
(’[)
(1 [)
1\)
(1 [)
35
42
32
(t)
1 Includes only these families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as home-owning families
or as renting families according to their status at the date of interview.
2 Based on the number of home-owning and renting families in the respective family types.
3 Based on estimate made by home owner for period of ownership and occupancy during the report year. Averages are based on the number of home-owning families as of end
of report year.
4 Rent as reported at date of interview. Averages in this column are based on the number of families reporting monthly rent, including families receiving rent as gift, the amount
of which is estimated by the family.
fPercentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
Family types VIII and other
215
TABULAR SUMMARY
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
T
able
15.occupying
—Type of living quarters: N um ber and percentage of ow ning fa m ilies
specified types of livin g quarters , by incom e , 1 9 3 5 -3 6 1
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family
types combined]
Number of owning families occupying—
Income class
Num
ber of
owning
fami
lies
(1 )
(2 )
One-family
house
Tw'o-family
house
Apartment building
for—
Dwell
ing unit
in busi Other
Five or ness
D e
At Side by Two Three Four more build
tached tached side decker families families fami ing
lies
(5)
(8)
(6)
(3)
(7)
(9)
( 10 )
(4)
(ID
Number
All families............... 4,942
402
Relief families ___
Nonrelief families.. 4, 540
$0-$249 ..................
16
54
$250-$499 ..............
$500-$749 _______
126
215
$750-$999 _____
$1,000-$1,249..........
400
485
$1,250-$1,499.........
$1,500-$1,749 .. .
498
455
$1,750-$1,999 ___
462
$2,000-$2,249 ___
377
$2,250-$2,499
552
$2,500-$2,999
$3,000-$3,499 ___
300
$3,500-$3,999
175
$4,000-$4,499__......
126
$4,500-$4,999
68
$5,000-$7,499
166
$7,500-$9,999
37
$10,000 and over .
28
4, 763
394
4, 369
16
52
119
200
382
462
477
443
442
365
539
289
171
12 2
65
162
36
27
11
24
68
15
3
65
2
11
2
22
12
28
20
1
13
1
11
28
20
1
1
3
o
4
4
2
3
1
1
2
1
1
3
2
1
1
3
2
5
4
1
1
2
6
10
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
2
1
9
11
7
7
5
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
3
2
3
4
1
7
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
t
1
2
3
1
2
1
]
1
Percent age
All families...............
R e lie f fa m ilies
Nonrelief families..
$0-$249 ............___
$250-$499 ............
$500-$749 _ . .
$750-$999
$1,000-$1,249
$1,250-$1,499____
$1,500-$1,749
$1,750-$1,999
$2,000-$2,249
$2,250-$'?,499
$2,500-$2,999
$3,000-$3,499
$3,500-$3,999
$4 000-$4,499
$4,500-$4,999
$5 000-$7 499
$7,500-$9,999
$10,000 and over..
100
100
100
(t)
too
100
too
100
100
100
100
100
ICO
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
(!)
96
98
96
(!)
96
94
93
96
95
96
97
96
97
98
96
96
96
94
97
97
(!)
(!)
(!)
(!)
(!)
(!)
1
1
1
4
(!)
(t)
1
(!)
(!)
(!)
(!)
2
(!)
(!)
(!) 1
(!) l
l
l
o
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
Ct)
(!) 1
1
(!)
(!)
(!)
(!)
(!)
(!)
l
(!)
(!)
(!)
(!)
(!)
(!)
(!)
l
(!)
(!) i
l
1
(!)
(!)
1
(!)
(!)
1
1
1
1
(!)
(t)
1
1
l
(!)
(!) l
l
2
1
1
(t)
2
1
(!)
(!)
l
(!)
(!)
(!)
2
1
3
i Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and
the date of interview.
tPercentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
tO.o percent or less.
78127n— 10------15
216
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
T
able
16,—Type
of living quarters: N um ber and percentage of renting fa m ilies
occupying specified types of livin g quarters , by incom e , 1 9 8 5 -8 6 1
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family
types combined]
Number of renting families occupying—
Income class
Num
ber of
renting
fami
lies
(1 )
(2 )
One-family
house
Two-family
house
Apartment building
for—
Dwell
ing unit
in busi Other
Five or ness
De
At Side by Two Three Four more build
tached tached side decker families families fami ing
lies
(7)
( 10 )
(8)
(5)
(6)
(3)
(4)
(9)
(ID
Number
6,219
1,195
Nonrelief fam ilies.. 5,024
$n-$249
. _.
21
$250-$499 _____
75
236
$500-$749................
628
$750-$999 ............
881
$1,000-$1,249 ........
606
$1,250-$1,499_____
$1,500-$1,749_____
605
561
$1,750-$1,999.........
$2,000-$2,249 ___
358
295
$2,250-$2,499_____
291
$2,500-$2,999..........
183
$3,000~$3,499..........
Knn-$a 9QQ
129
54
$4 000- $4,499
35
$4,500-$4,999 ____
55
$5,000-$7,499 ___
7
$7,500-$9,999
4
$10,000 and over .
All families...............
4,443
929
3, 514
13
50
165
440
624
428
426
408
257
203
187
122
87
38
21
38
4
3
81
12
69
1
12
10
9
8
7
7
2
6
5
2
255
30
225
263
60
203
7
12
16
34
1
22
21
24
19
18
21
11
10
2
4
4
60
108
11
20
88
49
1
4
10
39
42
25
28
18
5
4
13
3
7
5
4
2
5
12
6
8
2
2
2
15
13
20
11
8
5
5
5
3
1
3
1
2
837
98
739
5
8
33
74
113
88
89
77
49
54
50
38
27
10
9
11
3
169
35
134
3
3
3
3
3
1
6
8
28
25
17
15
13
5
4
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
Percent age
All families...............
Relief families..........
Nonrelief families
$0-$249 ..................
$250-$499................
$500-$749................
$750-$999.............
$1,000-$1,249.........
$1,260-$1,499_____
$1,500-SI,749.........
$1,750-$1,999..........
$2,000-$2,249..........
$2,250-$2,499_____
$2,500-$2,999..........
$3,000-$3,499..........
$3,500-$3,999..........
$4I000-$4r499
$4,500-$4,999..........
$5,000-$7,499..........
$7,500-$9,999..........
$10,000 and over..
100
100
100
(t)
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
(t)
(t)
71
78
70
(t)
67
70
70
71
71
70
73
72
69
64
66
67
70
60
69
(t)
(t)
1
1
1
(t)
4
2
4
9
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
3
2
6
2
4
4
4
5
6
6
7
6
8
4
7
11
4
5
4
5
4
6
5
4
5
3
3
2
3
1
2
6
3
4
1
2
14
1
2
2
8
l
(t)
(t)
(t)
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
15
(t) 11
14
12
13
14
15
14
14
18
17
21
20
18
26
20
(t)
(t)
(t)
it)
8
3
5
3
3
2
2
1
1
(t)
(t)
3
(X)
(t)
a)
1
2
1
Includes on ly those fam ilies that did not change livin g quarters betw een the end of the report year and
the date of interview .
t Percentages not com puted for fewer than 30 cases.
JO.5 percent or less.
—Members of household not in economic family:
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
T able 17.
N um ber of fa m ilies having persons in the household who were not m em bers
of the economic fa m ily, and average num ber of such n on fam ily m em bers , by incom e , 1 9 8 5 -8 6
(White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Number of families having in the household nonfamily members of
specified typ e 1
Income class
Num
ber of Any
fami non
lies family
mem
ber
(2)
(3)
All families_____ _____ -.........
Relief families............................
Nonrelief families________ _ _
$0-$249 ______________
$250-$499 ........ ...............$500-$749 ........ ..............
$750-$999 ........................
$1,000-$1,249- ...........
$1,250-$1,499........................
$1,500-$1,749____________
$1,750-$1,999___________
$2,000-$2,249____________
$2,250-$2,499____________
$2,500-$2,999____________
$3,000-$3,499____________
$3,500-$3,999____________
$4,000~$4,499____________
$4,500-$4,999____________
$5,000-$7,499____________
$7,500-$9,999____________
$30,000 and over. _______
11, 293
1 , 619
9,674
37
132
369
853
1,299
1,107
1,114
1,029
828
678
853
484
306
183
104
221
44
33
4, 399
447
3,952
Occupying rooms on nontransient
basis
All
Board Tour
Board Tour
non
ers ists and
ers ists and
Sons and Other Room
Sons and Other Room
without tran Guests family
without tran Guests
mem
daughters roomers
daughters
room
sients
room
Paid
roomers
ers
Paid
ers
sients
bers rooming with without help
rooming with without help
and
and
board
board
board
board
boarding
boarding
(16)
(8)
GO)
07)
(9)
(13)
(14)
(15)
(7)
(18)
( 6)
( 12 )
(4)
(5)
(1 1 )
Occupying rooms on nontransient
basis
178
22
156
579
63
516
6
35
114
264
464
416
430
383
343
278
408
258
174
107
69
148
25
30
2
11
15
23
22
22
11
10
17
11
4
5
2
1
6
18
50
66
63
72
54
44
37
45
27
17
6
3
1
412
61
351
826
25
22
2
1
3
5
23
45
52
48
66
44
56
10 1
80
64
44
32
96
21
24
9
32
45
47
53
28
31
9
43
17
5
4
4
22
1
804
23
3
3
1
4
5
3
2
1
1
4
1
2
1
1
3,159
334
2, 825
4
18
75
183
359
294
300
289
250
204
299
177
118
75
43
91
19
21
0. 5
.4
.5
.2
.7
.6
.5
.4
.5
.6
.5
.4
.6
.6
.5
.5
.6
.6
.7
1.0
1 .1
.
1 2
1 .0
.8
.8
1 .0
3.2
(*)
.8
1.4
1. 2
1 .2
1.1
.9
1.7
1 .0
1. 2
1.4
(*)
(*)
1 .0
1.0
.9
1 .1
.9
.8
1.1
.9
1.4
1. 2
1 .0
1.1
1 .0
1.4
1. 3
C)
1.1
1.3
0.6
1.1
.1
.6
1.4
(*)
1.5
1.3
1 .1
1. 4
1.4
1. 6
1 .6
1.3
1.3
1. 5
1.1
.9
.7
.9
(*)
.2
.3
.2
.4
.4
.4
.5
.6
.5
.6
.8
.7
.8
.9
.8
.9
1.2
0.7
(*)
.8
.9
.6
.4
(*)
(*)
(*)
.9
(*)
(*)
0 .2
0 .1
.2
.1
.1
(*)
(*>
(*)
.3
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.l
.l
.1
.l
.l
.l
.l
.2
.1
.1
.2
.2
* Excludes a small number of families which had nonfamily members in the household but which did not report the duration of their membership.
* Averages in each column are based on the corresponding counts of families, in columns (3) through ( 10 ). The number of nonfamily members is expressed in terms of yearequivalent persons. This figure is computed for each family by dividing by 52 the total number of weeks of residence in the household for all nonmembers of the economic family.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
TABULAR SUMMARY
(1 )
Average number of nonfamily members of specified type * (based
on families having such members)
< 1
*
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
218
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
T able
18*— Age of whusbands
and wives: N um ber of husbands
ives , by age and fa m ily incom e, 1 93 5-36
and num ber oj
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family
types combined]
Income class
(1 )
Number with ages of—
Num
ber re
porting Under
20-29
age i
20
30-39
40-49
50-59
60-64
65-69
(3)
(5)
(0)
(7)
(8 )
(9)
(2 )
(4)
and
70-74 75over
GO)
(H)
Husbands
All families_______
Percentage.......... ..
Relief families.........
Nonrelief fam ilies..
$0-$249 . . .
$250-$499...... .........
$500-$749 .
$750-$999________
$1,000-$1,249_____
$1,250-$1,499____
$1,500-$1,749
$1,750-$1,999_____
$2,000-$2,249
$2,250-$2,499____
$9,500-48. QQQ
$3,000-$3,499 .
$3,500-$3.999
$4,000-$4,499
$4,500-$4,899 ___
$5,000-$7,499..........
$7,500-$9,999_____
$10,000 and over..
11,291
100.0
1,619
9,672
132
369
853
1,299
1,107
1,114
1 . 028
828
678
853
484
305
183
104
221
44
33
(t)
6
4
2
1,488
3,363
3,153
1. 973
17.5
17
240
1.248
433
2, 930
7
25
81
250
437
361
369
347
276
219
237
144
73
35
25
38
4
415
2, 738
5
30
63
154
268
296
311
329
275
227
300
145
109
72
32
91
15
16
280
1, 693
7
18
62
121
169
157
160
164
135
139
186
*20
90
53
27
58
19
85
449
5
9
32
32
52
54
39
39
39
28
39
24
15
9
12
17
1
3
IS. 2
2
1
1
13
70
226
303
176
175
105
66
36
45
17
8
3
1
1
1
29.8
2
27.9
8
534
367
3.3
74
293
17
18
27
38
27
38
21
24
16
24
20
4
3
4
8
1
3
213
194
1.9
1 .7
45
168
4
43
151
7
21
17
25
19
25
15
9
8
8
12
6
4
?
2
5
2
1
20
22
12
11
7
14
5
5
10
8
2
6
1
3
1
Wives
All families...............
Percentage...............
Relief fam ilies____
Nonrelief fam ilies..
$0-$249....................
$250-$499................
$500-$749................
$750-$999...... .........
$1,000-$1,249..........
$1,250-$1,499..........
$1,500-$1,749..........
$1,750-$1,999..........
$2,000-$2,249..........
$919.PWV-$9 4Q0
$2,500-$2,999 .
$3,000-$3,499 ........
$3,500-$3,999..........
$4,000~$4,499 . .
$4,500-$4,999..........
$5,000- $7,499 _ .
$7,500-$9,999 ........
$10,00 and over...
100.0
0 .6
70
2,394
3, 629
2, 837
1, 530
1. 619
9,668
37
132
369
853
1,299
1,107
1,114
1,027
828
678
853
484
304
183
104
219
44
33
29
41
375
2,019
3
23
95
303
439
286
277
184
142
77
99
49
23
8
4
448
3,181
389
2, 448
1,319
8
rj
11.287
1
11
14
12
2
1
21.2
6
1
32. 2
24
62
223
397
388
391
410
311
262
281
164
97
47
34
67
8
25.1
27
68
151
233
226
259
262
224
215
286
157
107
77
33
84
19
15
i Excludes 2 husbands and 6 wives who did not report age.
J0.05 percent or less.
13.6
2 11
8
25
74
94
141
130
125
123
100
96
137
78
63
38
24
42
13
8
397
3 .5
71
326
5
12
24
27
36
39
41
22
30
17
25
19
8
3
5
11
1
1
267
103
60
2 .4
0 .9
0 .5
66
201
14
89
16
44
4
7
7
5
4
5
1
3
2
10
16
27
24
25
15
12
14
7
18
11
3
7
3
5
1
1
2
3
9
13
6
4
11
5
3
6
5
12
2
2
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
l
1
1
TABULAR SUMMARY
219
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
T
19.— Report year: Number and percentage distribution of families by date
able
of end of report year, by occupation 1935-36
|White families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Occupational group
All Relief
Date of end of fami
fami
report year
lies lies
(1 )
(3)
(2 )
Business and professional
Independent
Salaried
Wage Cleri All
Other
earner cal busi
ness
and Busi Profes Busi Profes
profes ness sional ness sional
sional
(9)
(10 )
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(12 )
(1 1 )
All
(4)
Number of families
All dates______ 11,293 1, 619 9, 674 3,994 3,011
Dec. 31, 1935___ 1,729 206 1,523 601 488
Jan. 31, 1936. __
40
41
140
30 110
Feb. 29, 1936—
Mar. 31, 1936— 749 114 635 240 220
335 1,946 818 609
Apr. 30, 1 9 3 6 - 2,281
297 1, 788 718 543
May 31, 1936... 2,085
54 321
127
90
June 30, 1936___ 375
July 31, 1936.... 1, 027 141 886 385 271
Aug. 31, 1936. . . 2,069 335 1, 734 776 527
93 625 253 181
Sept. 30, 1936... 718
41
14 106
36
Oct. 31, 1936-.- 120
Nov. 30, 1936.
2,468
397
28
165
489
492
96
204
386
183
28
901
142
14
67
182
173
37
75
135
67
9
217
36
1
10
43
43
7
19
34
20
4
8
462
69
4
39
82
91
23
33
77
37
7
888
150
9
49
182
185
29
77
140
59
201
37
1
10
30
35
8
26
45
8
1
Percentage
All dates______
Dec. 31, 1935—
Jan. 31, 1936___
Feb. 29, 1936— .
Mar. 31, 1936...
Apr. 30, 1 9 3 6 May 31, 1936.__
June 30, 1936. ..
July 31, 1936 .. .
Aug. 31, 1936.__
Sept. 30, 1936...
Oct. 31, 1 9 3 6 No v. 30, 1936
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
15
13
16
15
16
16
16
17
15
1
2
1
1
1
2
17
U)
5
20
19
3
9
16
9
1
6
20
20
1
8
to.5 percent or less.
7
19
3
9
18
7
18
3
9
21
21
6
1
20
6
1
7
18
3
9
18
6
1
21
20
6
1
10
20
6
1
18
3
7
18
3
9
IS
21
6
1
7
7
19
4
8
15
7
20
20
21
1
1
4
8
16
7
2
3
9
16
7
1
100
19
(t)
18
195
7
17
8
2
(t>
5
15
17
4
13
23
4
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
220
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
T able
1.— Family type: Number of families of specified types and average number
of persons per family, by income, 1935-86
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combinedl
Average number
of persons per
family 3
Number of families of type 1
Income class
(1 )
All
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
All families 3............... 6, 517 1 , 862 1,052
Relief families............ 912 196 116
Nonrelief families__ 5, 605 1,666 936
$0-$249_ .................... 148 85 16
$250-$499_................ 351 150 52
$500-$749.................. 638 206 114
$750-$999.................. 782 240 161
$1,000-$1,249........... 724 227 147
$l,250-$i,499_......... 613 155 115
$1,500-$1,749.......... 555 127 87
$1,750-$1,999___•__ 522 157 87
$2,000-$2,249............ 358 95 64
$2,250-$2,499............ 235 70 25
$2,500-$2,999._........ 304 63 37
$3,000- $3,499........... 145 40 10
$3,500-$3,999........... 91 24
8
$4,000-$4,499______ 40
8
3
7
$4,500-$4,999._........ 30
1
$5,000-$7,499______ 51 10
8
1
1
$7,500-$9,999______ 13
1
$10,000 and over 44
717 1,373
97 161
620 1 ,2 1 2
9 20
42 54
12 1
66
109 125
138
66
84 131
65 135
62 116
31 91
18 59
35 95
11
48
6
28
3 16
9
5
7 19
1
6
1
599 '415
106 94
493 321
7
8
18 22
43 59
46 57
65 37
51 30
60 39
43 23
40 10
30 1 1
43 12
21
5
15
3
1
5
2
2
2
2
2
Other than
husband
All and wife
VII VIII Other mem
bers
16
Under and
16 over
(9) GO) (ID (12 ) (13) (14)
312
105
207
3
11
21
32
32
29
25
21
9
9
8
3
2
1
1
114
9
105
‘ 73
28
45
1
1
7
5
5
3.6
4.2
3.5
2 .8
7
7
12
12
9
15
12
8
4
5
3
3
2
2
2
1
6
6
4
3
1
3
3
1
3.2
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.6
3.7
3.5
3.5
3.6
3. 7
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.5
3.8
4.0
1 .0
0.6
1 .6
1 .0
.6
.6
.6
.8
.2
1.0
1 .1
.9
1.1
1 .1
.4
.4
.4
.5
.5
.9
.6
.6
.9
.8
.7
.6
.9
8
.8
.8
1.0
1 .2
1.0
.8
.8
.8
.6
i
7
.7
1.2
2 .0
i Family type:
I. 2 persons. Husband and wife only.
II. 3 persons. Husband, wife, 1 child under 16 and no others.
III. 4 persons. Husband, wife, 2 children under 16 and no others.
IV. 3 or 4 persons. Husband, wife, 1 person 16 or over, and 1 or no other person, regardless of age.
V. 5 or 6 persons. Husband, wife, 1 child under 16,1 person 16 or over, and 1 or 2 other persons, regard
less of age.
VI. 5 or 6 persons. Husband, wife, 3 or 4 children under 16 and no others.
VII. 7 or 8 persons. Husband, wife, 1 child under 16. 4 or 5 other persons, regardless of age.
VIII. 6 or 6 persons. Husband, wife, 3 or 4 persons 16 or over.
Other. 7 or more persons All types not included in I through VIII.
3 These are year-equivalent persons. The sum of columns (13) and (14) plus 2 (husband and wife) does
not always equal column (12). For the methods used in deriving these averages see glossary
3 1 family which reported a net loss is excluded from this and subsequent tables. This family had gross
business expense and losses exceeding its gross earnings and other income.
4 Largest income reported between $15,000 and $20 ,000.
TABULAE SUMMARY
221
1A.—Family
type: Number of families of specified types and average
number of persons per family, by occupation and income, 1985-36
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
T
a b l e
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born]
Average number
of persons per
family *
Number of families of type
Other than
husband
All and wife
—
VII VIII Other mem
bers Un 16
der and
16 over
(9) ( 10 ) (ID ( 12 ) (13) (14)
Income class and
occupational group
( 1)
All
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
478
332
5
30
48
80
35
49
32
29
13
5
5
546
16
28
66
73
76
58
54
53
46
22
27
13
7
2
4
275
5
11
34
38
43
33
36
26
15
13
9
6
4
287
105
Wage earner
All nonrelief families. 2,865 790
$0-$249...................
77 29
204 73
$250-$499____.. ..
$500-$749...............
401 117
$750-$999_______
507 136
421 122
$1,000-$1,249.........
$1,250-$! ,499.........
323 74
$1,500-$1,749.........
290 62
262 82
$1.750-$1,999____
$2,000- $2,249____
148 35
$2,250-$2,499.........
80 22
84 19
$2,500-$2,999.........
$3,000-$3,499____
35 12
7
$3,500-$3,999____
23
4
$4,000-$4,499____
4
$4,500-$4,999____
2
$5,000-$7,499____
$7,500-$9,999____
$10,000 and over..
Clerical
All nonrelief families' 1,158 299
6
5
$0-$249..................
25 1 1
$250-$499..............
94 29
$500-$749..............
$750-$999..............
137 40
134 37
$1,000-$1,249........
$1,250-$ 1,499____
148 28
134 28
$1,500-$1,749........
$1,750-$1,999____
145 45
29
$2,000-$2,249........
111
$2,250-$2,499........
71 23
91 12
$2,500-$2,999____
$3,000-$3,499____
36
9
11
1
$3,500-$3,999____
1
8
$4,000-$4,499____
1
3
$4,500-$4,999____
3
$5,000-$7,499........
1
$7,500-$9,999____
$10,000 and over..
All nonrelief families 690
$0-$249......................... 22
$250-$499...................... 72
$500-$749..................... 89
$750-$999..................... 79
$1,000-$1,249............... 96
$1,250-$1,499............... 75
$1,500-$1,749............... 63
$1,750-$1,999_............. 44
$2,000-$2,249............... 27
$2,250-$2,499............... 32
$2,500-$2,999............... 35
$3.000-$3,499............... 18
$3.500-$3,999.............
14
4
$4,000-$4,499...............
3
$4,500-$4,999...............
$5,000-$7,499............... 13
3
$7,500-$9,999...............
1
$10 ,0 0 0 and over
See
235
14
36
32
28
31
32
19
9
7
10
5
4
4
11
32
71
98
87
61
45
34
20
6
9
1
3
8
20
45
49
26
20
26
15
4
3
3
1
144
3
9
13
25
27
19
19
15
6
3
5
239
1
3
23
37
34
34
22
31
24
9
15
2
2
1
1
109
3
10
17
18
12
9
7
13
4
5
3
1
1
2
2
1
1
4
131
3
9
16
19
17
19
15
10
6
12
2
1
1
1
70
3
7
8
11
7
6
6
8
3
2
6
1
1
1
3
30
27
43
41
37
22
13
32
11
3
21
2
49
1
4
2
5
11
5
8
5
5
31
1
6
4
3
4
5
3
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
footnotes at end of table.
1
220
1
4
3
4
7
11
17
8
17
13
11
5
3
41
6
5
6
7
4
3
2
2
5
1
24
3
3
2
3
3
3
2
1
3
1
26
6
1
1
2
4
2
3
5
3
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
167
51
24
18
2
1
11
5
2
14
19
16
27
15
20
9
7
9
11
7
4
2
1
4
2
4
3
12
7
3
3
2
1
7
2
3
5
1
3
1
5
1
1
2
1
3
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
................
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
3.7
3.3
3.4
3.6
3.7
3.6
3.8
4.0
3.6
3.7
3.8
3.9
3.5
3. 6
4. 5
3. 5
(*)
1.1
1 .0
1.1
1 .2
1.3
1 .1
1.2
1.3
1 .0
.8
.8
.8
.7
.4
.5
3.4
.9
2 .2
.2
3. 2
3.2
3.3
3.3
3.5
3.6
3.3
3.6
3. 5
3.7
3.8
4.2
4.2
4. 0
3.2
(*)
3.3
2. 5
2.9
3.2
3.0
3.4
3.2
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.0
3.0
3.7
5.1
(*)
.7
.8
.9
.9
.9
1 .0
.8
1 .0
.7
.9
.7
0 .6
.4
.3
.4
.4
.5
.6
.7
.6
.9
1 .0
1.1
.8
1 2
2 .0
.
1. 5
(*)
.6
.5
.4
.4
.4
.6
.6
.5
.6
.8
.8
1 .1
1 2
1.6
.
. 7 1.3
.1
1.1
(*) (*)
1 .1
.6
.8
.4
.5
.9
.7
.7
.7
1 .0
.9
.8
.8
1.1
.7
.5
.7
1.0
1 .0
1 .0
.5
.1
.4
.4
.3
.7
.5
.5
.5
.7
.7
.8
1 .0
.8
.5
.3
2. 1
(*)
222
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
1A.— Family type: Number of families of specified types and average
number of persons per family, by occupation and income, 1985-36— Continued
T able
Average number
of persons per
family
Number of families of type—
Income class and
occupational group
(1 )
All
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
7
34
7
Independent
professional
All nonrelief families. 1 1 2
1
$0-$249____________
$250-$499___________
3
1
$500-$749___________
$750-$999__________
2
$1,000-$1,249_______
11
1
$1,250-$1,499._-..........
g
$1,500-$1,749................
$1,750-$1,999_______
9
11
$2,000-$2,249_______
$2,250-$2,499............... 1 1
$2,500-$2,999_______
14
$3,000-$3,499...............
4
$3,500-$3,999._............ 10
$4,000-$4,499...............
5
3
$4,500-$4,999..............
$5,000-$7,499............... 13
$7,500-$9,999..............
3
$10,000 and over <__
2
Salaried business
All nonrelief families. 337
$0-$249_.......................
$250-$499.....................
4
$530-$749_....................
7
$750-$999..................... 13
$1,000-$1,249............... 2 1
$1 , 250-$l,499_............. 32
$1,500-$! ,749
32
$1,750-$1,999
30
$2,0U0-$i249__............ 28
$2,250-$?499............... 23
$2,500-$2,999............... 40
$3,000-$3,499............... 36
$3,500-$3,999...........
28
$4,000-$4,499_............. 1 1
$4,500-$4,999............... 13
$5,000-$7,499............... 1 2
6
$7,500-$9,999 __
$10,000 and over * ...
1
44
11
1
2
1
5
1
2
3
4
1
6
1
2
1
1
1
1
86
1
2
3
9
5
6
8
9
7
11
10
7
2
2
3
1
See footnotes at end of table.
1
54
3
3
3
8
9
5
6
3
4
5
1
1
1
1
1
3.1
(*)
2.5
(*)
(*)
2.9
(*)
3.6
3.1
2 .6
3.4
3.3
3.0
3.0
3.0
3. 7
3.4
3.7
(*)
1
1
1
3
4
2
3
2
1
7
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
6
4
6
1
3
3
1
1
2
1
33
3
9
5
5
3
1
3
77
53
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
3
1
4
5
6
4
5
2
1
1
1
4
2
Other than
husband
All and wife
VII VIII Other mem
bers Un 16
der and
16 over
(9) GO) 0 1 ) ( 12 ) (13) (14)
4
6
7
8
2
6
10
11
1
i
1
7
5
3|
2
2
1
17
3
2 !
5
2
7
4'
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
i
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
7
8
1
1
3
|_____
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
,
1
3. 5
3.9
3.3
3. 6
3.0
3.7
3.4
3.4
3.4
3. 6
3. 7
3.4
3.8
3.7
4.2
3. 6
3.1
(*)
0.5
0 .6
.l
.4
(•)
(*) (*)
0 .6
0. 3
.6
.4
.3
1 .1
.4
.5
.4
.4
.3
.6
.3
1 .0
.7
.4
.3
.9
.5
.6
.6
1.4
.8
1.4
(*)
.5
1.0
1.5
.5
.i
.4
.4
•. 43
•5
•3
•8
•6
•6
1 .2
1.2
.7
1.4
.9
1 .0
1.1
.8
1.1
.8
.8
.5
1.4
1 .0
.5
1.0
1.2
•. OQ
ft
O
ft
223
TABULAR SUMMARY
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
T
1 A . — Family type: Number of families of specified types and average
number of persons per family, by occupation and income, 1935-86— Continued
able
Average number
of persons per
family
Number of families of type—
Other than
husband
All and wife
VII VIII Other mem
bers
Un 16
der and
16 over
(9) ( 10 ) ( 1 1 ) ( 12 ) (13) (14)
Income class and
occupational group
(1 )
All
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
( 6)
(7)
(8)
Salaried projessional
All nonrelief families 240 68 35 23 69
$0-$249.......................
1
$250 $499.................
4
3
$500~$749.................
7
2
2
1
$750-$999..................... 15
7
3
1
$1,000-$1,249............. . 24 10
6
3
$1,250-$1,499............... 19
2
2
6
6
$1,500-$1,749............... 24
6
4
3
8
$1,750-$1,999............... 26
6
4
5
6
$2,000-$2,249............... ?0
7
2
13
6
$2,250--$2,499_______ 17
4
2
2
5
$2,5)0 -$2,999_______ 36
6
5 10
8
$3,000-$3,499............... 14
3
2
4
1
$3,500-$3,999...........
5
4
$4,000-$4,499_______
7
2
2
i
! l
$4,500-$4,999...............
4
2
1 1
1
$5,000-$7,499_______
8
2
3
$7,500-$9,999...............
$10,000 and over........
Other5
All nonrelief families. 203 144 10
4 32
2
1
1
$0-$249____________ 42 36
1
$250-$499._.......... ....... 39 24
6
7
1
12
$500-$749___________ 39 24
1
$750-$999___________ 29 26
2
1
1
$1,000- $1,249.............. 17 13
1
1
$1,250-$1,499.............
9
15
3
1
$1,500-$1,749...............
5
4
1
$1,750-$1,999_______
2
6
$2,000-$2,249...............
3
3
1
1
$2,250-$2,499 ..............
$2,500-$2,999...............
2
i i
4
1
i_____
$3,000-$3,499............
2
$3,500-$3,999 ............
1
i
$4,000-$4,499 _______
I
$4,500-$4,999__........ .
|
$5,000-$7,499........... .
_____!_____ |_____
$7,500-$9,999_______
$10,000 and over____
.......... 1........... !...........
16
1
2
14
9
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
5
3
5
1
1
3.5
2.4
4.3
3.3
3.3
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.6
3.6
<3.8
3.2
4.0
3.9
3.3
0.9
0.6
1.9
.7
1.0
.9
.9
1 .1
.5
.5
.4
.6
.3
.5
.5
.4
.8
.5
1.1
1 .0
1 .1
.2
.7
.8
.7
.6
.8
1.0
1. 3
1 .1
.6
l
3
6
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
i.
1
1
j
!
|
!
1
...... 2.5
2.3
2. 6
2. 6
2
2 .2
2 .6
2 6
2 2
.
.
4.2
2 .0
(*)
3.0
(*)
(*)
.3
.2
.2
.1
.3
.2
.1
.5
.3
1.2
.3
.4
.1
.1
.3
.2
1 .0
(*)
.8
(*)
I (*)
_____ 1____
..................i _ _
_____■_____ 1___
.2
(*)
For footnotes 1 and 2, see table 1 on p. 220.
3 Largest income between $15,000 and $20,000.
4 Largest income between $10,000 and $15,000.
3 This group contains 19 families engaged in farming, a group too small to be separately classified and
families having no gainfully employed members.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases
224
WEST CENTRAL-ROOKY MOUNTAIN REGION
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
T
2 . — Sources of family income: Number of families receiving income from
specified sources and average amount of such income, by income, 1985-86
able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: AH occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Number of families receiving—
Income class
(1 )
All families.......................................
Relief families.................................
Nonrelief families...........................
$0-$249......................................
$250-$499....................................
$500-$749....................................
$750-$999....................................
$1,000-$1,249..............................
$1,250-SI,499..............................
$1,500-$1,749..............................
$1,750-$1,999..............................
$2,000-$2,249..............................
$2,250-$2,499..............................
$2,500-$2,999..............................
$3,000-$3,999..............................
$4,000-$4,999_............................
$5,000 and over......... ..............
Number of
families
(2 )
6,517
912
5, 605
148
351
638
782
724
613
556
522
358
235
304
236
70
68
Money income from—
Other
sources
Earnings 1 (positive
or nega
tive) 1
(3)
(4)
6,277
862
5,415
109
316
603
753
708
599
550
516
355
234
300
235
69
68
1,176
126
1,050
40
89
94
106
102
10 1
89
86
67
52
94
71
30
29
Nonmoney income from—
Any
source *
(5)
3,106
207
2,899
67
159
252
314
314
329
307
284
230
152
226
154
56
55
Owned
home
(positive
or nega
tive) *
(6)
3,039
195
2,844
65
152
245
304
307
323
302
283
229
149
224
152
55
54
Rent as
pay
(7)
67
12
55
2
7
7
10
7
6
5
l
1
3
2
2
1
1
1 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
* Includes 1,141 families, 1,015 of which were nonrelief, which had money income other than earnings
and no business losses met from family funds; 2 1 families, all of which were nonrelief, which had business
losses met from family funds and no money income other than earnings, and 14 families, all of which were
nonrelief, which had both money income and business losses met from family funds. There were, there
fore, 1,155 families, 1,029 of which were nonrelief, which had money income other than earnings, whether or
not they had business losses met from family funds; and there were 35 families, all of which were nonrelief,
which had business losses met from family funds, whether or not they had money income other than earn
ings. These latter 35 families were found in the following income classes: $0-$?49, 2; $500-$749, 5; $750-$999,
2; $1,000-$1,249, 5; $1,250-$1,499, 4; $1,500-$1,749, 3; $1,750-$1,999, 2; $2,000-$2,249, 3; $2,250-$2,499, 2; $2,500$2,999, 3; $3,000-$3,999, 1: $4,000-$4,999, 2 ; $5,000 and over, 1. See glossary for definitions of “money income
other than earnings” and “business losses.”
8 The total of the numbers of families in columns (6) and (7), since no family reported nonmoney income
from both sources.
* Includes families with losses from owned homes, as well as families whose estimated rental value of owned
homes for the period of ownership and occupancy exceeded estimated expenses allocable to that period.
There were 131 families, 117 of which were nonrelief, with losses from owned homes (i. e., families whose
estimated rental value was Jess than estimated expenses). The latter 117 families were found in the follow
ing income classes: $0-$249, 6 ; $250-$499, 12; $50O-$749, 20; $750-$999, 16; $1,000-$1,249, 10; $1,250-$1,499, 13;
$1,600-$1,749, 13; $1,750-$1,999, 11; $2,000-$2,249, 7; $2,250-$2,499, 4; $2,600-$2,999, 5. Excludes 17 families
whose estimated rental value of owned homes was equal to estimated expenses.
225
TABULAE SUMMARY
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
T a ble 2. — Sources of family Income: N um ber o f fa m ilie s receiving incom e from
specified sources , and average am ount of such incom e , by incom e , 1 9 8 5 -3 6 1— Con.
Average family income
Money income from—
Income class
(1 )
Total
(2 )
All families.............................. 8$1,363
453
Relief families.........................
Nonrelief families................. 81,511
153
$0-$249...............................
387
$250-$499...........................
631
$500-$749...........................
872
$750-$999...........................
1,128
$1,000-$1,249.....................
1,359
$1,250-$1,499.....................
1,614
$1,500-$1,749.....................
1,858
$1,750-$1,999.....................
2,107
$2,000-$2,249.....................
2,369
$2,250-$2,499.....................
2, 712
$2,500-$2,999................. 3, 395
$3,000-$3,999.....................
4,449
$4,000-$4,999._..................
6,828
$5,000 and o ver.............
All
sources
Earn
ings 1
(3)
(4)
$1,294
442
1,432
$1,227
413
1,360
94
298
556
788
1,027
1,224
1,477
1,706
1,934
2,149
2,376
3,062
3,915
5,995
120
348
595
833
1,081
1,291
1,538
1,780
1,995
2,232
2,538
3,212
4,160
6,466
Nonmoney income from—
Other
sources
(positive
or nega
tive) 8
(5)
$67
29
72
26
50
39
45
54
67
61
74
61
83
162
150
245
471
A ll
sources
(6)
Owned
home
(positive
or nega
tive) *
(7)
Rent as
pay
(8)
$69
$68
$1
11
10
1
2
79
33
39
36
39
47
68
76
78
112
137
174
183
289
362
77
31
37
34
37
45
67
74
76
110
135
171
180
280
348
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
2
2
2
3
3
9
14
i The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2) of table 2, whether or not they received
income from the specified source. Averages in columns (2 ), (3), (5), (6), and (7) are net figures, after deduc
tion for all families of business losses met from family funds or expenses for owned homes.
8 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
8 Includes money income other than earnings, after deduction of business losses met from family funds.
See glossary for definitions of “money income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
< Represents the estimated rental value of owned homes for the period of ownership and occupancy, less
estimated expenses allocable to that period.
*Median income for all families was $1,157; for nonrelief families, $1,315.
226
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
T a b l e 2 A .—
Sources of fam ily incom e: N um ber of fa m ilie s receiving incom e
from specified sources , and average am ount of such incom e , by occupation and
incom e , 1 93 5-36
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Number of families receiving—
Money income from—
Income class and occupational Number of
families
group
(1 )
Wage earner
All nonrelief families. ...................
$0-$499..........................................
$500-$999______________________
$1,000-$1,499. ______ ___________
$1,500-$1,999_____ _____________
$2.000-$2,999______________ _
$3,P00-$4,999____ _____ ________
$5,000 and over____ _____ _____
Clerical
All nonrelief families....................
$0-$499..........................................
$500-$699....................... ...............
$1,000-$1,499.....................................
$1,500-$1,999.....................................
$2,000-82,999....................................
$3,000-84,999__________________
$5,000 and over________________
Business and 'professional
All nonrelief families.................
$0-$499.............................................
$500-8999.____ ________________
$1,000-$1,499.....................................
$1,500-$1,999__________________
$2,000-82,999.....................................
$3,000-84,999.............. ....................
$5,000 and over........ ........................
Other
All nonrelief fam ilies....................
(2 )
Other
Owned
sources
home
Earnings 1 (positive Any source3 (positive
or nega
or nega
tive) 2
tive) 4
(3)
(4)
(6)
(5)
2, 865
2 S1
908
744
552
312
2, 864
281
907
744
552
312
2
2
1, 158
31
231
282
279
273
58
4
1,158
31
231
282
279
273
58
4
183
1, 379
106
213
279
236
304
179
62
203
66
Nonmoney income from—
(7)
1,335
97
320
334
318
215
50
1,303
93
306
326
316
2 11
50
14
32
45
61
19
4
601
16
87
133
141
186
35
3
595
15
86
132
139
185
35
3
1,374
104
212
278
235
304
179
62
335
30
34
55
54
76
61
25
797
52
103
148
122
199
12 2
51
783
51
10 1
144
120
198
119
50
14
19
166
166
163
3
66
366
41
Rent as
pay
88
86
65
18
68
8
1
32
4
14
8
2
4
1
6
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
4
2
1
3
1
1 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
2 Includes families having money income other than earnings, families having business losses met from
family funds, and families having both such income and such losses. See glossary for definitions of “money
income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
3 The total of the numbers of families in columns (6) and (7), since no family reported nonmoney income
from both sources.
* Includes families with losses from owned homes, as well as families whose estimated rental value of
owned homes for the period of ownership and occupancy exceeded estimated expenses allocable to that
period.
227
TABULAR SUM M A RY
SPRINGFIELD, M O .
T a b l e 2 A.— Sources
of fam ily in com e: Number of fam ilies receiving income
from specified sources , and average amount of such incom e , by occupation and
incom e , 1935-86 1— Continued
Average family income
Money income from—
Income class and
occupational group
(1 )
Total
(2 )
Wage earner
All nonrelief families .......... s $1,267
327
$0-$499____________ _____ _
764
$500-$999...____ _____ ____
$1,000-$1,499.................... ..
1,226
$1,500-$1,999............................
1, 734
$2,000-$2,999......................... . 2, 345
$3,000-$4,999____________
3, 544
$5,000 and over___________
(*)
Clerical
All nonrelief families______ 51, 643
362
$0-$499___________________
775
$500-$999___________ _____
$1,000-$1,499___.......................
1,250
$1,500-$!,999............................
1, 740
$2,000-$2,999............................
2 , 370
$3,000-$4,999._. ...................... 3, 489
$5,000 and over.__________
6, 042
Business and professional
All nonrelief families .......... *‘2,017
$0-$499.....................................
337
760
$500-$999_________________
$1,000-$1,499______________
1, 236
$1,500-$1,999______________
1, 718
$2,000-$2,999.......................... . 2,426
$3,000-$4,999_..........................
3, 718
6,936
$5,000 and o ver........... .........
Other
778
All nonrelief families...........
Nonmoncy income from—
Other
sources
All Earnings 2 (positive
sources
or nega
tive) 3
(3)
(4)
(5)
All
sources
(6)
Owned
home
(positive
or nega
tive) *
(7)
$1,2 2 0
307
741
1,187
1, 676
2, 240
3, 363
(*)
$1,188
290
723
1,159
1,644
2,160
3, 253
(*)
$32
17
18
28
32
80
no
1, 561
303
741
1,194
1, 657
2 , 228
3, 349
5, 788
1,500
265
729
1,164
1,596
2,142
3,185
3,891
61
38
12
30
61
86
164
1,897
82
59
34
56
83
142
140
254
80
56
33
55
80
140
140
254
289
708
1,147
1, 615
2 , 260
3, 484
6, 561
1, 789
256
672
1,079
1, 520
2,171
3,324
6,166
97
33
36
68
95
89
160
395
131
48
52
89
103
166
234
375
129
47
52
87
10 1
165
227
361
624
46
578
154
151
1,886
$47
20
23
39
58
105
181
(*)
(*)
Rent as
pay
(8 )
$44
19
21
38
57
103
181
$3
1
2
1
1
2
2
3
1
1
3
2
2
(•*)
1
2
2
1
7
14
3
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2 ) of table 2A, whether or not they re
ceived income from the specified source. Averages in columns (2), (3), (5), (6), and (7) are net figures, after
deduction for all families of business losses met from family funds or expenses for owned homes.
2 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
3 Includes money income other than earnings, after deduction of business losses met from family funds.
See glossary for definitions of “money income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
4 Represents the estimated rental value of owned home for the period of ownership and occupancy, less
estimated expenses allocable to that period.
5 Median incomes were as follows: Wage-earner families, $1,145: clerical families, $1,565; business and
professional families, $1,680.
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
•*$0.50 or less.
W E S T C E N T R A L -R O C K Y M O U N T A I N R E G IO N
228
SPRINGFIELD, M O.
3.— M oney earnings: Num ber of fam ilies receiving net money earnings
and average net money earnings received from each source , by income, 1935—86
T able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Number of families receiving net
money earnings from—
Income class
Number
of
families
(1 )
(2 )
All families......................... — Relief families............................
Nonrelief families.....................
$0-$249.............. ..................
$250-$499.............................
$500-$749..............................
$750-$999— ........................
$1,000-11,249.................. . .
$1,250-11,499.......................
$1.500-$l,749_-...................
$1,750-$1,999_.................
$2,000-$2,249.__________
$2,250-$2,499___________
$2,500-$2,999.......................
$3,000-$3,999.__________
$4,000-$4,999___________
$5,000 and over..................
6,517
912
5,605
148
351
638
782
724
613
556
52?
358
235
304
236
70
68
Average net money earn
ings from l—
Other
Roomers
not
and
Indi Roomers work
Indi boarders
Any vidual
attrib
All vidual
and
source earners boarders2 utable sources earners and
to indi
other
work 2
viduals
(3)
(5)
(6)
(8)
(7)
(9)
(4)
6,277
862
5,415
109
316
603
753
708
599
550
516
355
234
300
235
69
68
6,237
856
5,381
99
307
598
750
707
595
548
516
355
234
300
235
69
68
374
43
331
13
34
30
50
40
34
33
29
21
12
18
13
3
1
52 $1,227 $1 , 220
12
409
413
40 1,360 1, 352
3
94
90
9
287
298
6
556
550
782
6
788
5 1,027 1,0 2 0
5 1,224 1, 217
3 1,477 1,472
3 1,706 1,699
1,934 1,928
2,149 2,140
2,376 2, 365
3,062 3,049
3,915 3,911
5,995 5,988
$7
4
8
4
11
6
6
7
7
5
7
6
9
11
13
4
7
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2 ), whether or not they received money
earnings from the specified source.
2 Includes only families which had net money earnings from roomers and boarders (i. e., whose gross income
from roomers and boarders exceeded estimated expenses). In addition, thpre were a few families which had
roomers and boarders but which received from them no net money earnings.
3 Includes net money earnings from roomers and boarders and from other work not attributable to in
dividuals (casual work in home, such as laundry and sewing). Average net money earnings of all nonrelief
families from other work not attributable to individuals were $0.50 or less.
229
TABULAR SUMMARY
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
3A.— Money earnings: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving net m oney earnings
and average net m oney earnings received from each source , by occupation ana
incom e , 1 93 5-36
T able
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Number of families receiving net
money earnings from—
Income class and occupa
tional group
Number
of
families
(1 )
(2 )
Wage earner
All nonrelief families..............
$0-$499........................................
$500-$999.....................................
$1,000-$1,499...............................
$1,500-$1,999..............................
$2,000-$2,999 .............................
$3,000-$4,999 ______________
$5,000 and over_____________
Clerical
All nonrelief families...............
$0-$499.........................................
$500-$999.....................................
$1,000-$!,499...............................
$1,500-$1,999......................... —
$2,000-$2,999..............................
$3,000-$4,999 ...........................
$5,000 and over_____________
Business and professional
All nonrelief families...............
$0-$499.........................................
$500-$999.....................................
$1,000-$1,499......................... —
$1,500-$1,999...............................
$2,000-$2,999...............................
$3,000-$4,999..............................
$5,000 and over_____________
Other
All nonrelief families..... .........
Average net money earn
ings from i—
Other
Roomers
not
and
Indi Roomers work
Indi boarders
attrib
All
Any vidual
and
vidual and
source earners boarders
utable
sources
2 to indi
earners other
works
viduals
(3)
(4)
(6)
(9)
(7)
(5)
(8)
2,865
281
908
744
552
312
2,864
281
907
744
552
312
2,863
281
906
744
552
312
138
14
47
32
27
17
1,158
31
231
282
279
273
58
1,158
31
231
282
279
273
58
61
7
2
11
1
1
4
1,158
31
231
28?
279
273
58
4
1,379
106
213
279
236
304
179
62
1,374
104
2 12
278
235
304
179
62
1,341
85
205
273
233
304
179
62
129
30
21
28
19
19
203
19
19
3
66
2
4
66
2
66
2
1
13
16
15
4
27 $1,188 $1,184
8
286
290
10
723
719
6
1,159 1,155
3 1, 644 1,639
2,160 2,151
3,253 3,252
(*)
(*)
3
2
5
2
1
1
1
11
1
1
1,500
265
729
1,164
1,596
2,142
3,185
3,891
1,493
262
726
1,159
1,589
2,135
3,175
3,891
1,789
256
672
1,079
1,520
2,171
3,324
6 166
1,775
227
653
1,062
1,512
2,161
3,309
6,159
46
44
,
$4
4
4
4
5
9
1
7
3
3
5
7
7
10
14
29
19
17
8
10
15
7
2
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2 ), whether or not they received money
earnings from the specified source.
2 Includes only families which had net money earnings from roomers and boarders (i. e., whose gross in
come from roomers and boarders exceeded estimated expenses). In addition, there were some families
which had roomers and boarders but which had no net money earnings from them.
* Includes net money earnings from roomers and boarders and from other work not attributable to in
dividuals (casual work in home, such as laundry or sewing). Average net money earnings of all nonrelief
families from other work not attributable to individuals were $0.50 or less for all occupations.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
230
4-4A.—Principal earners: N um ber of p rin cip a l earners, classified as hus
bands, vnves, and others, w ith weeks of em ploym ent and average yea rly earnings
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
T able
of p rin cip a l earners, by occupation and incom e, 1 98 5-36
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Income class and occu
pational group
(1 )
A ll occupations
All families_____________
Relief families................ ..
Nonrelief families *_____ .
$0-$249........... .....................
$250-$499..........- .................$500-$749________________
$750-1999________________
$1,000-$1,249 __________
$1,250-$1,499_____________
$1,500-$1,749_____________
$1,750-$1,999...................
$2,000-$2,249____ ________
$2,250-$2,499 ................ .
$2,500-$2,999_____________
$3,000-$3,999
$4,000-$4,999......................
$5,000 and over _____
Wage earner
All nonrelief families_____
$0-$499_________ ________
$500-$999.............................. .
$1,000-$1,499................ .........
$1,500-$1,999.........................
$2,000-$2,999
........
$3,000-$4,999
$5,000 and over _________
Clerical
All nonrelief families_____
$0-$499...................................
$500-$999............. ...................
$1,000-$1,499_........................
$1,500-$1,999_____ _______
$2,000-$2,999_____________
$3,000-$4,999
$5,000 and over ______
Business and professional
All nonrelief families_____
$0-$499..............................
$500-$999 ...........................
$1,000-$1,499_____________
$1,500-41,999.-.......... ...........
$2,000-$2,999_____________
$3,000-$4,999 .............
$5,000 and over............... .
Num
ber of
fam
ilies
Number of principal earners
All 3
Hus
bands Wives
(5)
(2 )
(3)
(4)
6,517
912
5,605
148
351
638
782
724
613
556
522
358
235
304
236
70
6,237
856
5, 381
99
307
598
750
707
595
548
516
355
234
300
235
69
5,673
722
4,951
2,865
281
908
744
552
312
2,863
281
906
744
552
312
2,639
249
809
703
520
295
62
89
15
59
12
3
68
66
2
68
66
2
86
276
523
688
653
552
501
491
329
222
277
226
63
64
216
67
149
5
16
46
30
20
10
8
5
3
5
1
1
Others
Male Female
(6)
(7)
194
34
160
6
10
13
15
19
18
21
15
13
8
6
8
4
4
12 1
2
5
16
17
15
15
18
5
10
4
12
1
1
95
13
22
19
22
14
4
40
4
16
10
7
3
(*)
1,158
31
231
282
279
273
58
4
1,158
31
231
282
279
273
58
4
1,041
27
201
247
260
250
52
4
31
37
49
1
10
12
1
6
11
2
1,379
106
213
279
236
304
179
62
1,341
85
205
273
233
304
179
62
1,252
77
195
252
2 12
283
174
59
29
5
7
6
6
4
1
14
9
6
4
12
6
28
32
2
1
7
5
7
4
3
(8)
154
33
1
4
4
Average
weeks of
employ
ment of
principal
earners 1
13
2
3
8
10
10
Average earn
ings of principal
earners 2
All
Hus
bands
(9)
(10 )
49 $1,164
40
396
50 1,287
37
129
45
314
49
561
50
777
51
978
51 1,131
51 1,352
51 1,590
51 1,765
52 1,936
52 2,125
52 2,753
52 3, 303
52 5,566
$1 , 2 1 1
399
1,329
134
320
575
792
998
1,158
1,395
1,620
1,817
1,956
2,198
2,791
3,437
5,626
50
42
49
51
51
52
52
1,066
272
686
1,050
1,489
1,836
2.600
C)
1,104
278
711
1,072
1,529
1,880
2, 642
(*)
51
40
50
51
51
52
52
52
1,369
255
699
1,073
1,469
1,949
2,686
3,894
1,421
279
708
1,116
1.504
2,009
2,786
3,894
51
47
50
51
51
52
52
52
1,698
274
645
1,019
1,414
2,014
3,047
5,760
1,739
279
646
1,031
1,455
2,064
3,084
5,784
i Averages in this column are based on the number of principal earners reporting weeks of employment.
8 Averages in this section of the table are based on the corresponding counts of principal earners in columns
(3) and (4).
3 The total number of principal earners given in column (3) is equivalent to the total number of families
having individual earners, since a family can have only 1 principal earner. The difference between the .
totals in columns (2) and (3) is explained by the fact that column (2), number of families, includes cases in
which none of the family income w~as attributable to individual earners.
^Includes 203 families classified in the occupational group “Other.” These families had 19 principal
earners.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
231
TABULAR SUMMARY
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
5 . — Number of earners in family: N um ber of fa m ilies w ith specified
num ber of in d ividu a l earners , fa m ily relation sh ip of sole earners , an d average
num ber of supplem en tary earners per fa m ily , by incom e , 1935—36
T able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Number of families with individual earners
Income class
Num
ber of
famiies
(1 )
(2 )
All families—........ . 6,517
912
Relief families____
Nonrelief families— 5,605
$0-$249............. 148
351
$250-$499..............
$5Q0-$749_______
638
782
$750-$999_______
724
$1,000-$1,249____
$1,250-$1,499........
613
$1,500-$1,749____
556
522
$1,750-$1,999____
358
$2,000-$2,249____
$2,250-$2,499____
235
304
$2,500-$2,999____
$3,000-$3,999____
236
$4,000-$4,999 ___
70
$5,000 and over..
68
One only
Four
Other
Any
Two Three or
family Hus Wife
more
mem band
Fe
Male male
ber
(5) (6) (7) (8) (9) ( 10 )
(4)
(3)
4, 766
647
4,119
87
262
491
609
561
426
400
397
256
165
207
167
40
51
4, 575
587
3,988
78
245
458
589
544
415
394
391
253
161
205
165
40
50
90
38
52
3
11
18
9
4
4
1
2
52
8
44
5
4
6
5
9
3
2
3
1
3
1
1
1
49 1,194
14 171
35 1,023
1
2
9
6
4
4
3
1
2
1
1
1
10
41
99
124
126
143
120
95
71
51
67
45
18
13
214
28
186
63
1
1
1
3
8
14
19
21
20
10
53
3
1
5
16
18
15
8
8
10
7
3
4
20
21
3
6
2
1
Families
withmore
than one Average
earner as number of
percent supple
age of mentary
families earners
with any per
individ fam ily 2
ual
earner 1
( 12 )
(ID
24
24
23
12
15
18
19
21
28
27
23
28
30
31
29
42
25
0.29
.31
.29
.16
.16
.19
.2 1
.24
.34
.34
.29
.39
.38
.43
.40
.65
.32
1 This percentage was computed by dividing the sum of columns (8 ), (9), (10) by column (4) of table 3
on p. 228.
2 Based on the number of families with individual earners, column (4) of table 3 on p. 228.
78127°— 40----- 16
232
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
— Sole and supplementary earners: N um ber of fa m ilies w ith in d iv id
ual earners; num ber of su pplem en tary earners classified as husbands , wives and
others; average earnings of su pplem en tary earners; and average earnings of fa m ily
from su p p lem en tary earners; by in com e , 1 9 3 5 -3 6
T able 6.
{W h ite fa m ilie s in c lu d in g h u s b a n d a n d w ife , b o th n a tiv e born : A ll o c c u p a tio n a l g ro u p s a n d a ll fa m ily ty p e s
c o m b in e d ]
Number of families with
individual earners
Num
One only
of
Income class ber
fam
ilies Any Any
family Hus
mem band
ber
(2 ) (3) (4) (5)
0)
Number of supplementary
earners
Average
earnings
of all
supple
More
Hus Wives
mentary
than All bands
one 3
Fe earners 1
Male male
Others
( 6)
(7)
All families____ 6,517 6,237 4,766 4,575 1,471 1,825
Relief fam ilies.. 912 856 647 587 209 262
Nonrelief fami
lies.................... 5,605 5,381 4,119 3,988 1,262 1, 563
$0-$249.............. 148 99
16
87 78 12
$250-$499.......... 351 307 262 245 45 50
$500-$749.......... 638 598 491 458 107 115
$750-$999.......... 782 750 609 589 141 161
$1,000-$!,249.. 724 707 561 544 146 167
$1,250-$1,499_. 613 595 426 415 169 200
$1,500-$1,749.. 556 548 400 394 148 186
$1,750-$1,999 . 522 516 397 391 119 151
$2,000-$2,249_ _ 358 355 256 253 99 139
$2,250-$2,499.. 235 234 165 161 69 90
$2,500-$2,999_. 304 300 207 205 93 128
$3,000-$3,999. _ 236 235 167 165 68 93
$4,000-$4,999._ 70 69
40 40 29 45
$5,000 and over. 68 68
51 50 17 22
(8 )
(9)
( 10 )
(ID
(1 2 )
305
54
251
4
10
36
38
30
26
34
17
19
6
17
6
5
3
481
35
446
5
18
33
54
57
73
64
51
26
24
19
14
4
4
615
424
71
353
4
4
13
24
33
46
35
37
36
25
42
38
14
$378
133
419
41
86
136
181
278
369
415
437
457
548
634
780
1,0 21
1, 307
102
513
3
18
33
45
47
55
53
46
58
35
50
35
22
13
2
Average
earnings
per family
from sup
plemen
tary
earners 2
(13)
$106
38
117
4
12
24
37
64
120
139
126
178
210
267
308
656
423
Averages in this column are based on the corresponding counts of supplementary earners in column (7).
* Averages in this column are based on the number of families in each class, column (2 ).
*Families that have supplementary earners.
1
233
TABULAR SUMMARY
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
6A.— Sole and supplementary earners:
N um ber of fa m ilies w ith in d i
vidual earners; num ber of su pplem en tary earners classified as husbands} w ivest and
others; average earnings o f su pplem en tary earners; and average earnings of fa m ily
from supplem entary earners; by occupation and incom e , 1 9 3 5 -8 6
T able
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
NumIncome class and occu ber of
fami
pational group
lies
(1 )
(2 )
Number of fami
lies with individ
ual earners
Number of supplementary
earners
Others
One More
Hus Wives
Any only
than All bands
one 3
Fe
Male male
(3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) ( 10 )
Wage earner
All nonrelief families. _ 2,865 2,863 2,127
$0-$499............................
281 281 235
908 906 723
$500-$999.....................
$1,000-$1,499_.................. 744 744 545
$1,500-$1,999................... 552 552 409
$2,000-$2,999.................... 312 312 182
66
$3,000-$4,999_..................
66
33
2
2
$5,000 and over..............
Clerical
All nonrelief families __ 1,158 1,158 904
31 31 28
$0-$499.............................
$500-$999_______ _____ 231 231 196
$1,000-$1,499................... 282 282 220
$1,500-$1,999...... ............. 279 279 214
$2,000-$2,999...... ............. 273 273 205
58 58 37
$3.000-$4,999........ ...........
4
4
4
$5,000 and over..............
Business and profes
sional
All nonrelief fam ilies.. 1,379 1,341 1,073
$0-$499 ........................... 106 85 79
$500-$999_______ _____ 213 205 176
$1,000-11,499.................... 279 273 220
$1,500-$!,999_________ 236 233 174
$2,000-$2,999_...............
304 304 241
179 179 136
$3,000-$4,999_ ...............
62 62 47
$5,000 and over.............
Other
203
19 15
All nonrelief families.
299
15
65
62
57
78
219
7
24
56
48
64
19
736
46
183
199
143
130
33
931
54
207
237
192
188
49
4
143
13
57
27
27
14
4
270
19
61
92
60
32
5
1
21
1
254
3
35
62
65
315
3
38
71
78
93
32
67
80
100
68
11
18
3
7
19
25
35
7
13
12
26
2
68
21
29
53
59
63
43
15
313
7
30
58
67
76
57
18
4
4
268
6
1
13
14
14
5
21
41
1
4
8
10
14
2
2
27
18
6
1
Average
earnings
of all
supple
mentary
earners 1
Average
earnings
per
family
from
supple
mentary
earners *
(1 1 )
(12 )
$366
73
152
327
432
522
881
1,018
$119
14
35
104
150
314
654
<*)
456
59
162
343
425
552
887
124
7
27
86
119
188
489
123
7
32
64
115
147
262
398
3
11
10
94
3
14
20
28
19
7
3
113
3
65
17
30
25
13
23
1
540
106
230
310
404
588
824
1,372
2
1
1
152
6
20
12
6
10
12
i Averages in this column are based on the corresponding counts of supplementary earners in column (6).
* Averages in this column are based on the number of families as shown in column (2 ).
• Families that have supplementary earners.
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
T able
7.— Earnings of supplementary earners:
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
tO
N um ber of supplem entary earners w ith earnings of specified am ount, by fa m ily incom e ,
1985-36
CO
^
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
(1 )
All families.............................
Relief families____________
Nonrelief families.-..............
$0-$249..............................
$250-$499...........................
$500-$749...........................
$750-$999________ ____
$1,000-$1,249__________
$1,250-$1,499__.............
$1,500-$1,749_.................
$1,750-$1,999_____ ____
$2,000-$2,249._........ .......
$2,250-$2,499. .................
$2,500-$2,999_____ ____
$3,000-$3,899_.................
$4,000-$4,999....................
$5,000 and over...............
1,471
209
1,262
12
45
107
141
146
169
148
119
99
69
93
68
29
17
Average
earnings
of
supple Any Under
$100 mentary amount
$50 $50-$99 $199
earners
(3)
(4)
$378
133
419
41
86
136
181
278
369
415
437
457
548
634
780
1 ,0 2 1
1,307
1, S25
262
1,563
16
50
115
161
167
200
186
151
139
90
128
93
45
(5)
22
(6)
248
85
163
10
13
23
33
25
12
12
14
13
2
5
1
(7)
197
68
129
5
19
27
17
11
13
9
9
7
5
3
2
2
268
50
218
1
15
31
49
30
23
22
12
10
10
8
4
1
2
Number of supplementary earners with earnings of—
$200$299
$300$399
$400$499
$500$599
$300$699
$700$799
$800$899
(8)
(9)
( 10 )
(ID
( 12 )
(13)
(14)
159
22
137
3
23
25
16
23
21
7
11
3
3
1
1
191
17
174
173
13
160
160
5
155
12
18
34
27
28
16
9
15
4
3
2,000
$900- $1 ,000- $1,500- $and
$999 $1499 $1,999 over
(16)
(15)
(17)
(18)
155
113
40
44
54
19
4
1
1
112
40
44
54
19
4
154
11
24
30
34
16
21
16
7
9
3
2
1
35
30
21
12
14
13
14
8
1
1
2
27
39
21
18
13
16
14
4
4
18
19
9
19
20
20
2
1
1
5
3
6
5
7
11
2
2
3
8
10
12
7
2
1
8
20
16
6
3
4
9
6
2
2
WEST CENTRAL-KOOKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
Number
of
families
with any
supple
mentary
earners
(2 )
T a Rl e
8
.—
Husbands as earners:
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O ,
N um ber and average yearly earnings of husbands classified as p rin cip a l or supplem entary earners , by
age and fa m ily incom e , 1 93 5-36
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Principal earners by age groups
Income class
(1 )
Supplementary earners by age groups
65
and Any Un
der 20 24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 and
20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65over
Any Under
20
20
over
(4)
(7)
(9) ( 10 ) ( 1 1 ) ( 12 ) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20 ) (2 1 ) (22 ) (23) (24) (25)
(5)
(8)
(6)
(2 ). (3)
All families,-........- - 5,670
Relief families. ___ 722
Nonrelief families. . . 4,948
$0-$249 _______
86
$250-$499............. 276
* $500-$749............. 523
$750-$999_______ 688
$1,000-$1,249 — . 653
$1,250-$1,499____ 552
$1,500-$1,749
500
$1,750-$1,999____ 491
$2,000-$2,249____ 329
$2,250-$2,499........ 221
$2,500-$2,999____ 276
$3.000-$3.999____ 226
$4'000-$4,999........
63
64
$5,000 and over_.
5
1
4
241
39
202
6
1
1
1
1
26
59
47
29
18
6
6
2
1
2
621
68
553
9
40
80
128
91
71
57
42
11
11
9
4
780
96
684
6
24
70
12 1
117
105
69
81
42
13
18
13
3
2
840
91
749
14
33
78
96
97
79
86
95
60
33
37
25
4
12
793
94
699
8
20
54
81
69
79
84
82
58
41
58
39
18
8
697
66
631
7
22
49
56
73
69
81
67
59
42
45
40
12
9
583
82
501
9
26
36
57
69
49
45
45
37
29
47
32
8
12
482
81
401
5
22
32
51
62
40
29
33
30
24
24
34
4
11
319
56
263
7
22
26
31
22
24
20
21
18
15
19
23
8
7
309 305 ___
48 54
261 251
15 4
40 10
38 36
19 38
23 30
18 26
23 34
19 17
12
19
12
6
19 17
14 6
6
5
3 3
11
1
10
18
15
1
17
2
23
5
18
35
9
26
33
7
26
38
7
31
49
9
40
13
3
1
7
2
3
5
3
5
7
1
2
3
7
4
4
1
1
6
4
2
4
2
7
3
4
3
5
4
5
7
3
2
1
1
1
2
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
3
3
6
2
3
2
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
2
2
42 41
7
6
35 : 35
1
3
2
4
3
3
4
2
5
6
4
5
2
9
1
4
5
TABULAR SUMMARY
Number of husbands 1
•
1
2
2
2
Average earnings of husbands 2
All nonrelief families. $1,329 | $719
$828 $1,039 $1, 263 $1,380 $1,493 $1,472 $1,477 $1, 434 $1,372 $1,089 $412
$416 $370 $401 $350 $528 $315 $491 $421 $402 $379
1 Excludes 3 principal earners who did not report age.
^
, ' 2 Averages for each age group are based on the corresponding numbers of husbands in the upper section of the table; the 2 averages for all age groups combined are based on the
corresponding total numbers of husbands, including those who did not report age.
00
^
able
1
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
9.—Wives as earners:
N um ber and average yearly earnings of wives classified as p rin cip a l or supplem entary earners, by age and
fa m ily income, 1 93 5-36
236
T
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Supplementary earners by age groups
Principal earners by age groups
(1 )
Any Under
20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39
20
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(6)
(5)
(7)
40-44
(8)
65
and Any Udern 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 and
45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65over
over
20
(9) (10) (1 1 ) (12 ) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20 ) (2 1 ) (22 ) (23) (24) (25)
Number of wives
All families. __ _
Relief families __
Nonreliof families...
$0-$249________
$250-$499
$500-$749..............
$750-$999
$1,C00-$1,249........
$1,250-$1.499____
$1,500-$1,749........
$1,750-$1,999........
$2,000-$2,249........
$2.250-$2,499........
$2,500-$2,999........
$3,000-$3,999........
$4,000-$4.999........
$5,000 and over..
216
67
149
5
16
46
30
20
10
8
5
3
5
1
1
17
17
31
5
26
26
6
20
1
9
1
5
1
1
8
1
2
7
4
4
3
6
8
1
25
5
20
3
4
4
3
3
2
1
1
27
9
18
2
2
4
3
23
27
8
10
15
2
6
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
17
1
2
7
2
3
15
$
7
3
13
11
6
9
7
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
--
481
35
446
5
18
33
54
57
73
64
51
26
24
19
14
4
4
3
3
49 131
l
5
48 126
2
2
1
1
1
7
7
8
9
8
3
1
1
5
4
21
22
26
19
13
5
3
5
3
95
5
90
1
9
10
10
13
14
13
7
2
7
3
1
59
7
52
53
9
44
1
1
2
4
2
5
5
6
5
7
5
5
2
3
1
1
3
2
4
5
8
7
5
3
1
2
1
41
23
2
1
22
39
1
3
4
5
9
4
5
1
5
1
1
1
1
4
1
3
4
1
2
2
1
2
19
3
16
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
6
2
2
4
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
Average earnings of wives i
All nonrelief fami
lies
$624
$593
$612
$531
$599
$752
$770
$498
$781
$549
(*) $431 $311 $396 $443 $464 $442 $399 $416 $383 $500 $187 (*)
* Averages for each age group are based on the corresponding number of wives in the upper section of the table; the 2 averages for all age groups combined are based on the
corresponding total numbers of wives.
*Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
income class
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
T able
10*— Money income other than earnings:
N um ber of fa m ilies receiving m oney incom e other than earnings , and average am ount
received , by source and total incom e , 1 9 8 5 -8 6 1
(White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Number of families receiving money income other than
earnings from—
(1 )
(2 )
(3)
, 517
912
5, 605
148
351
638
782
724
613
556
522
358
235
304
236
70
1,151
125
1,026
38
88
91
104
98
99
86
85
64
51
93
71
29
29
All families— ................................................
Relief families....................... ..........................
Nonrelief families-------------------------.........
$0-$249........................................................
$250-$499....................................................
$500-$749.................................................. .
$750-$999_..................................................
$1,000-$!,249..............................................
$1,260-$! ,499...... .................................
$1,500-$1,749..........................._...............
$1,750-$1,999............................................
$2,000-$2,249.............................................
$2,250-$2,499.............................................
$2,500-$2,999.............................................
$3,000-$3,999..............................................
$4,000-$4,999.............................................
$5,000 and over........................................
6
68
Any
source
Average money income, other than earnings, received from *—
Rent from Interest Pensions, Gifts for Miscel
Rent from Interest Pensions, Gifts for
All
property and divi annuities, current laneous
property and divi annuities, current sources
dends
benefits
sources 3
benefits
(net)
use
(net)
use
dends
( 10 )
( 12 )
(13)
(8)
(9)
(4)
(6)
(7)
(5)
(1 1 )
435
13
422
17
32
48
32
33
47
35
31
26
19
40
30
16
16
159
2
157
3
6
3
11
8
12
21
12
11
9
19
20
9
13
195
14
181
2
17
23
32
25
14
14
16
10
5
12
9
1
l
161
29
132
15
29
16
15
15
14
6
3
5
2
6
2
1
3
$67
28
74
26
50
39
45
55
67
62
75
62
84
163
150
245
472
$19
1
22
9
13
16
11
11
22
18
13
11
55
46
160
172
20
$6
(*)
8
1
1
1
4
7
6
4
2
11
12
7
21
46
149
$16
4
18
3
16
15
18
22
18
15
21
17
13
26
24
8
49
$4
3
4
10
13
5
4
3
4
3
r**>
(**)
(**)
1
l
2
13
$22
20
22
3
7
2
8
17
16
20
29
21
47
73
59
31
89
TABULAR SUMMARY
Income class
Number
of fami
lies
See glossary for definition of “money income other than earnings.”
* Averages are based on all families, column (2), whether or not they received money income other than earnings.
3
Includes money income other than earnings from sources other than those specified, including profits from business enterprises partially or wholly owned bat not operated by
amily member*. See glossary for further definition of “profits.”
• Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
**$0.60 or less.
1
237
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
T able
11.— N onm oney in com e from owned hom es: Num ber of fa m ilies owning homes w ith and without mortgages; average rental value ,
average expense, and average nonm oney incom e from hom e ow nership; by incom e, 1 98 5-86
to
CO
00
fWhite families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Income class
(1 )
families.....................................
elief families______ ____ ____
ronrelief families_________ _
$0-$249................. ...............
$250~$499................. .................
$600-$749..................................
$750-$999_________________
$1,000~$1,249................ ...........
$1,250-$1,499___ ____ _____
$1,500-$1,749...........................
$1,750-$1,999_____ ________
$2,000-$2,249______________
$2,260-$2,499______________
$2,500-$2.999______________
$3,000-$3,999_________ ____
$4,000-$4,999_____ ________
$5,000 and over......................
11
Homes free from mortgage
Mortgaged homes
Families owning
homes free from
mortgage
Families owning
Average expense 3
Average mortgaged homes Average
Average Interest
Average
as per
Owning
Average
non
non
rental expense 3 money
rental
homes 1
money ofcentage
value 2
rental
value
2
income 4
income 4 value
Interest Other
Number Percent
Number Percent
age 5
age 6
All
(2 )
(3)
(4)
6,517
912
5,605
148
351
638
782
724
613
556
522
358
235
304
236
70
3,039
195
2,844
65
152
245
304
307
323
302
283
229
149
224
152
55
54
1,836
94
1,742
48
92
132
180
181
205
183
156
143
88
145
107
41
41
68
(6)
(5)
60
48
61
74
60
54
59,
59
64
61:
55
62
59
65
70
74
76
$272
125
280
152
176
194
202
210
238
268
266
308
38?
389
421
514
622
(7)
$87
60
87
65
69
72
73
75
80
85
85
92
105
107
113
127
146
(8)
$185
65
193
87
107
122
129
135
158
183
181
216
277
282
308
387
476
GO)
(9)
1.203
101
1 ,1 0 2
17
60
113
124
126
118
119
127
86
61
79
45
14
13
40
52
39
26
40
46
41
41
36
39
45
38
41
35
30
26
24
(1 1 )
$241
136
251
156
200
179
166
198
222
224
274
287
318
355
443
566
702
(12 )
$82
45
85
70
76
60
58
63
78
86
99
98
10 1
113
132
158
208
(13)
$79
61
82
65
72
69
66
72
76
77
86
87
95
100
116
137
161
(15)
(14)
$80
30
84
21
52
50
42
63
68
61
89
102
122
142
195
271
333
34
33
34
45
38
34
35
32
35
38
36
34
32
32
30
28
30
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Number of families
1
Includes all families occupying owned homes at any time during the report year, but excludes 17 families whose expenses exactly equaled the annual rental value of their homes
Data for the latter families, however, are included in the computation of averages.
8 Based on estimate made by home owner, for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. This period averages, in general, approximately 12 months.
3 Expense for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. Expense other than interest, columns (7) and (13), estimated on basis of average relationship between rental
value and expense.
4 Nonmoney income for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. Obtained by deducting estimated expense (including interest) from rental value.
* Based on number of families owning homes, column (3).
S P E IN G F IE L D , M O .
T able
12
.—
M onthly rental value: N um ber of hom e-owning fa m ilies having homes w ith specified m onthly rental value, by incom e, 1935-36
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Income class
(1 )
6,365
881
5,484
144
336
625
765
699
606
543
513
352
234
298
231
70
68
3,008
194
2,814
66
148
238
303
302
317
302
283
225
147
223
152
54
54
Average
Number of home-owning families reporting monthly rental value of—
monthly
rental
value
of owned Under $5-$9 $10-$14 $15—$19 $20-$24 $25-$29 $30-$34 $35-$39 $40-$44 $45-$54 $55-$74 $75 and
over
homes 3 $5
(17)
(16)
(10 )
(14)
(15)
(8)
(12 )
(5)
(6)
(7)
(9)
(13)
Ul)
47
$2 2 .10
5
22
1 1 .2 0
2
51
46
44
38
40
43
52
56
55
64
63
75
66
77
79
22.80
13.00
15. 70
15.80
15. 90
17. 60
19.70
2 1.2 0
22 . 80
25. 30
30. 40
31.80
36. 20
44.40
53.40
3
1
1
1
192
64
128
17
15
30
34
18
5
6
1
1
1
653
74
579
23
50
87
110
82
83
61
37
24
7
12
2
1
673
37
636
16
45
58
73
102
86
84
83
40
21
21
5
2
361
365
191
193
155
139
53
28
8
6
1
2
155
139
53
28
1
1
1
353
5
18
20
40
38
45
52
45
33
12
31
13
1
359
4
8
18
19
33
46
37
46
53
26
34
28
5
2
190
4
11
12
7
22
12
24
23
19
31
17
6
2
191
4
7
5
12
13
19
20
21
24
30
22
8
6
7
4
10
16
13
15
14
26
29
6
8
6
2
6
4
12
12
13
19
22
21
11
15
1
1
2
2
1
3
12
11
9
11
1
1
2
1
4
4
4
TABULAR SUMMARY
All families......................................
Relief families. _ _ . . . .
Nonrelief families________ ______
$0-$249 ........................................
$250-$499.......................................
$500-$749 ...............................
$750-$999.................................
$1,000-$1,249........................... .
$1,250-$1,499_.............................
$1,500-$1,749............................... .
$1,75Q-$1,999.................................
$2,000-$2,249_...........................
$2,250-$2,499...............................
$2,500-$2,999.................................
$3,000-$3,999._.............................
$4,000-$4,999.................................
$5,000 and over
Number Home-owning
families
of homeowning
and
renting
Percent
families Number age 3
(2 )
(3)
(4)
11
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as home-owning families or
as renting families according to their status at the date of interview.
2 Based on estimate made by home owner for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. Averages are based on the number of home-owning families, as of end of
report year, column (3).
3 Based on the number of home-owning and renting families, column (2).
239
240
SPRING FIELD, MO.
T able
13.— M onthly rent: N um ber of renting fa m ilies reporting specified m onthly rent, by incom e, 1985 86 1
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
0
)
All families_____________ ___________________
Relief families____ ______ ___________________
Nonrelief families___________ ____ ________
$0-$249__________________________________
$250-$499________________________________
$5O0-$749________________________________
$750-$999________________________________
$1,000-$ 1,249____ ________________________
$1,250-$ 1,499_____________________________
$1,500-$1.749_____________________________
$1.750-$1,999_____________________________
$2,000-$2,249_____________________________
$2,250-$2,499_____________________________
$2,500-$2,999_____________________________
$3,000-$3,999_________ _____ _____ ________
$4,000-$4,999___ _______ __________________
$5,000 and over__________________________
6,365 3,357
881 687
5, 484 2 , 670
144
78
336 188
625 387
765 462
699 397
606 289
543 241
513 230
352 127
234
87
298
75
231
79
70
16
14
68
53
78
49
54
56
62
60
57
48
44
45
36
37
25
34
23
21
$15.00
8. 40
17.00
1 1 .1 0
11.40
11.60
13.10
16. 20
16. 20
18. 70
21.90
24.60
25. 70
27.00
32. 50
35.40
39.70
57
735 1,059
388 183
34/ 876
24
27
78
60
12 1
166
75 233
29 153
17 107
54
9
5
30
3
9
2
12
2
7
628
36
592
10
27
63
104
110
91
72
65
23
12
9
5
1
276
4
272
3
12
11
26
49
35
48
40
22
12
9
5
238
8
230
2
3
6
9
28
21
31
37
33
16
16
22
4
2
134
3
131
76
42
46
10
1
76
42
46
10
1
1
1
5
3
13
12
12
26
16
10
14
14
3
1
$75
and Rent
over free 4
(17) (18)
1
1
2
3
6
1
7
15
11
10
5
11
2
3
2
2
1
3
4
8
3
2
9
4
3
1
3
1
3
6
1
4
13
3
10
1
8
6
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
2
55
17
38
9
5
2
1
1
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
Renting
Number of renting families reporting monthly rent of—
Num ber families
of home
Average
owning
monthly
and
Per rent * Under
renting Num cent
families ber age 3
$5 $5-$9 $10-$14 $15-$19 $20-$24 $25-$29 $30-$34 $35-$39 $40-$44 $45-$54 $55-$74
(4)
(7)
(3)
( 6)
(9) ( 10) ( 1 1 ) ( 12 ) (13) (14) (15) (16)
(2 )
(8)
(5)
1
Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as homeowning families
or as renting families according to their status at the date of interview.
* Rent reported at date of interview. Averages are based on the number of renting families in each class that reported monthly rent including families receiving rent free, the
amount of which was estimated by the family.
* Based on the number of home-owning and renting families, column (2 ).
* Consists of families receiving rent as gift.
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
T able
14A.—Average m on th ly rental value and average m on th ly rent: N um ber of hom e-owning and renting fa m ilies, average m onthly
rental value , and average m onthly rentt by occupation and incom e , 1 9 3 5 -8 6
1
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native bom: All family types combined]
Occupational group: Wage earner
All nonrelief families *...
$0-$499............................. .
$500-$999.............................
$1,000-$1,499_—..................
$l,500-$l,999-__.......... ..
$2,000-$2,9S9.......................
$3,000-$4,999.......................
$5,000 and over________
Average
monthly—
Home Rent Home- Rent Rental
owning ing owning ing value 3 Rent
(3)
(2 )
(6)
(7)
(4)
(5)
1
, 296
93
305
323
316
208
50
1
1,511
177
584
406
227
100
16
1
46
34
34
44
58
68
76
(t)
Number of
families
4
54 $16.90 $13.60
66
12.60 10.40
66
13.00 11.40
56 15.40 14. 50
42 17.60 16. 40
32 22 . 70 19. 60
24 31.10 26. 60
(t)
(*)
(*)
Percentage of
home-owning
aud renting
families 2
Average
monthly—
Occupational group: Business and professional
Number of
families
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families 2
Average
monthly—
Home Rent Home Rent Rental
Home Rent Home Rent Rental
owning ing owning ing value 3 Rent 4 owning ing owning ing value 3 ±v6HD
(1 2 )
( 18 )
(17)
(13)
(15)
(19)
( 10 )
(H)
(16)
(8)
(9)
(1 1 )
590
15
84
128
140
184
36
3
545
15
143
149
129
87
21
1
52
50
37
46
52
68
63
(t)
48 $24.30 $20. 40
50 19.10 13.20
63 17. 20 13.80
54 19. 70 18.40
48 25.00 24. 30
32 29. 00 27. 50
37 32. 20 31.50
40.00 (*)
(t)
770
50
97
141
119
195
118
50
574
51
111
127
114
102
57
12
57
50
47
53
51
66
67
81
43 $31. 30
50 17. 40
53 17. 70
47 24.40
49 29.00
34 35.00
33 43. 00
19 54. 80
$22.50
12.60
15.30
18. 70
23.50
29. 60
35.30
41. 90
TABULAR SUM M ARY
(1)
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families 2
Number of
families
Income class
Occupational group: Clerical
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as home-owning families
or as renting families according to their status at the date of interview.
2 Based on the number of home-owning and renting families in the respective occupational group.
* Based on estimate made by home owner for period of ownership and occupancy during the report year. Averages are based on the number of home-owning families as of end
of report year.
4
Rent as reported at date of interview. Averages in this column are based on the number of families reporting monthly rent, including families receiving rent as gift, the amount
of which is estimated by the family.
* Of the families classified in the occupational group “Other,” 198 did not change their living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Of the latter
group, 158 families, or 80 percent, were owning families. Their average monthly rental value was $24.10. The remaining 40 families, or 20 percent, were renting families. Their
average monthly rent was $17.00.
tPercentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
to
242
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
T ables
15-16.— Type of living quarters: N um ber and 'percentage of ow ning
and renting fa m ilies occupying specified types of livin g quarters , by tenure and
incom e , 1 93 5-86 1
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Number of families occupying— Percentage of families occupying 2—
Number
of fami One- TwoOne- Twolies
family family Apart
Other 8 family family Apart
Other 3
house house ment
house house ment
(4)
(6)
(3)
(5)
(7)
(8)
(2 )
(9)
( 10 )
Income class
0
)
O wning families,
all______________
Relief fam ilies-----N onrelief families.. $0-$249—...............
$250-$499..........
$500-$749...............
$750-$999________
$1,000-$1,249 . .. .
$1,250-$1,499;........
$1,500-11,749...........
$1,750-$1,999..........
$2,000-$2,249_____
$2,250-$2,499
$2,500-$2,999
$3,000-$3,999...........
$4,000-$4,999_____
$5,000 and over__
3,008
194
2,814
66
1
Renting families, all.
Relief fam ilies-----Nonrelief families.. .
$0-$249.....................
$250-$499............... .
$500-$749............. $750-$999________
$1,000-$1.249_____
$1,250-$1,499...........
$1,500-$1,749_____
$1,750-$1,999..........
$2,000-$2,249_____
$2,250-$2,499..........
$2,500-$2,999..........
$3,000-$3,999_____
$4,000-$4,999...........
$5,000 and over__
148
238
303
302
317
302
283
225
147
223
152
54
54
3, 357
687
2,670
78
188
387
462
397
289
241
230
127
87
75
79
16
14
2,860
180
2 , 680
63
132
222
286
293
296
294
278
219
144
2 12
144
46
51
2,759
567
2,192
55
141
307
390
325
246
200
198
105
71
62
65
16
11
79
40
29
11
68
2
38
1
2
1
7
7
5
11
5
2
3
1
7
3
5
10
5
3
3
7
2
1
2
2
4
5
28
4
6
4
4
3
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
307
79
228
13
19
38
41
42
20
17
14
7
10
3
3
208
29
179
7
13
19
22
24
18
20
17
14
5
83
1
2
8
10
95
93
96
95
89
93
95
97
94
97
98
98
98
95
95
85
94
12
71
3
15
23
9
6
5
4
1
1
1
2
1
(t)
(t)
3
1
6
2
1
1
3
5
3
3
2
3
2
1
1
1
2
3
it )
9
17
10
10
9
11
7
7
6
5
11
4
4
(t)
2
1
«)
1
1
2
«)
1
1
1
1
3
2
4
4
6
3
2
4
7
9
7
5
5
12
8
1
3
3
1
1
3
2
9
82
82
82
70
75
79
84
82
85
83
86
83
82
82
82
1
(t)
6
6
8
8
11
6
11
13
2
3
4
(t)
8
6
2
1
2
2
1
1
3
1
(t)
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the
date of interview.
2 Percentages are based on number of families in each class, column (2).
3 Includes dwelling units in business buildings, other types of living quarters not elsewhere specified, and
unknown types of living quarters.
t Percentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
t0.5 percent or less.
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
T able
17.—Members ofof household
not in economic family: N um ber of fa m ilies having 'persons in the household who were not members
the economic fa m ily, and average num ber of such n on fam ily m em bers, by incom e , 1935—36
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined)
Number of families having in the household nonfamily members of Average number of nonfamily members of specified typ e 2 (based on
families having such members)
specified type 1
Income class
(2 )
All families............................... 6, 517
Relief families.................... .......
912
Nonrelief families..................__ 5, 605
$0-$249 ............
148
$250-$499_______________
351
$500-$749_________
638
$750-$999 ...
782
$1,000-$1,249................ . .
724
$1,250-$1,499_____ ______
613
$1,500-$1,749............ .
556
$1,750-$1,999....................
522
$2,000-$2,249.............
358
$2,250-$2,499................
235
$2,500-$2,999....................
304
$3,000-$3,999____________
236
$4,000-$4,999____________
70
§5,000 and over______
68
Occupying rooms on nontransient
basis
Any
non
family Sons and Other
mem daughters roomers
ber rooming with
and
boarding board
(5)
(4)
(3)
1 885
143
1,742
31
85
148
204
204
186
178
179
127
90
123
103
35
49
50
6
44
2
8
4
8
7
5
2
1
3
l
1
2
148
15
133
5
11
13
21
18
10
15
13
8
5
8
5
1
Room
ers
with Paid
help
out
board
(6)
(7)
203
26
177
8
16
15
27
18
23
17
17
10
7
10
6
3
359
6
Occupying rooms on nontransient
basis
All
Board Tour
noners
ists
with and Guests family Sons and Other
mem daughters roomers
out tran
bers rooming with
room sients
and
boarding board
(13)
GO)
(9)
(8)
(ID : ( 12 )
7
4
1
353
1
6
3
4
27
25
28
41
33
28
21
35
32
24
35
1
2
1
20
1
1
2
1
1,370
101
1, 269
17
56
106
144
152
139
128
133
100
71
91
78
23
31
0.4
.3
.4
.3
.5
.3
.3
.4
.3
.4
.4
.5
.4
.5
.5
.7
.8
Room
ers
with Paid
help
out
board
(14)
(15)
0.8
0.8
1 .0
.5
.9
.6
.8
.8
1.1
(*)
.9
.5
1 .6
1 .0
1 .0
(*)
(*)
.6
(*)
(*)
(*)
.8
.7
.6
.5
1.4
.8
.6
1 .1
.8
.7
.9
1.0
(*)
.4
.7
1 .0
.9
.9
1.0
.8
1 .1
2 .6
1 6
.
1.4
2 .1
.8
0.6
(**)
.6
.2
.3
.2
.4
.3
.7
.4
.6
.6
.7
.7
.8
.9
Board Tour
ers
ists
with and O uests
out tran
room sients
(16)
0 .8
(*)
.8
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(17)
(18)
0 .6
0 .1
(*)
.5
.2
.1
(*)
(*)
.1
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
.2
.2
.1
.1
.1
.1
TABULAR SUMMARY
(1 )
Num
ber of
fam
ilies
243
i Excludes a small number of families which had nonfamily members in the household but which did not report the duration of their membership.
3
Averages in each column are based on the corresponding counts of families, in columns (3) through (10). The number of nonfamily members is expressed in terms of year-equiva
lent persons. This figure is computed for each family by dividing by 52 the total number of weeks of residence in the household for all nonmembers of the economic family.
*Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
**0.05 or less.
:
244
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
T able
18.—Age of whusbands
and wives: N um ber of husbands and
ives , by age and fa m ily incom e , 1 98 5-86
num ber of
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family
types combined]
Income class
Number with ages of—
Num
ber reporting Under
age i
20-29
20
30-39
10 -49
50-59
60-64
65-69
(3)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8 )
(9)
(1 )
(2 )
(4)
and
70-74 75over
( 10 )
(ID
Husbands
All families............... 6,513
Percentage................ 100.0
912
Relief families_____
Nonrelief families.. 5, 601
148
$0-$249................
351
$250-$499............
638
$500-$749............
782
$750-$999______
724
$1,000-$1,249---$1,250-$1,499---613
555
$1,500-$1, 749—
521
$1,750-$1,999---$2,000-$2,249---358
$2,250-$2,499---234
$2,500-$2,999___
303
$3,000-$3,999___
236
$4,000-$4,999___
70
68
$5,000 and over.
5
0.1
1
4
1
1
1
1
891
IS.7
109
782
15
67
145
177
130
93
66
48
13
12
9
7
1,679
25.8
197
1,482
22
62
167
229
215
190
156
177
101
46
55
39
8
15
1,608
217
187
1,421
16
55
119
157
152
153
176
154
120
84
111
76
31
17
1, 231
18.9
204
1,027
21
62
83
123
148
100
90
84
75
58
76
69
15
23
435
6.7
77
358 15
33
44
45
31
32
28
23
24
15
26
24
9
9
291
4-4
44
247
334
5.1
51
283
18
33
35
37
28
23
25
13
15
12
14
19
5
199
S.l
46
153
19
20
22
33
24
19
21
22
23
17
10
16
14
5
1
202
S.l
47
155
17
28
22
16
18
10
14
8
5
6
5
3
1
3
171
2.6
46
125
22
21
24
10
10
14
3
4
3
4
5
4
1
Wives
All families............... 6, 509
Percentage............... 100.0
911
Relief families_____
Nonrelief families. _ 5, 598
148
$0-$249................
351
$250-$499............
638
$500-$749............
782
$750-$999............
$1,000-$1,249---723
613
$1,250-$1,499---554
$1,500-$1,749---$1,750-$1,999__._
520
$2,000-$2,249__._
358
$2,250-$2,499_...
234
$2,500-$2,999....
303
236
$3,000-$3,999---$4,000-$4,999___
70
68
$5,000 and over.
70
1.1
17
53
3
10
15
13
6
5
1
1,375
21.1
195
1,180
19
79
184
236
213
142
110
94
40
21
20
16
2
4
1,812
27.8
205
1, 607
24
71
159
231
186
209
178
194
116
63
89
50
17
20
1, 555
2S.9
213
1, 342
19
58
120
136
159
145
145
132
105
80
106
85
29
23
Excludes 4 husbands and 8 wives who did not report age.
1,0 20
15.7
156
864
20
61
87
107
109
64
77
71
72
49
60
57
15
15
6
22
21
14
15
13
14
9
7
6
10
3
94
1.4
50
0.8
20
42
9
4
7
4
5
74
17
13
10
4
2
10
3
5
1
3
4
2
8
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
TABULAR SUMMARY
T able 19.
245
S P R IN G F IE L D , M O .
—Report year:
N um ber and percentage d istribu tion of fa m ilies by date
of end of report year, by occupation, 1 9 8 5 -8 6
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Occupational group
All Relief
Date of end of fami
fami
report year
lies lies
(1 )
(2 )
(3)
Business and professional
All
Independent
Salaried
Wage Cleri busi
All earner
Other
cal
ness
and Busi Profes Busi Profes
profes ness sional ness sional
sional
(4)
(5)
(6)
(9)
( 10 )
(8)
(7)
( 12 )
(11)
Number of families
All dates______ 6,517
567
Dec. 31, 1935—
Jan. 31, 1936___
Feb. 29,1936__
Mar. 31, 1936...
Apr. 30, 1936___
May 31, 1936... 544
June 30, 1936. _ . 1 .1 0 1
July 31,1936— 1,463
Aug. 31,1936-.. 2. 525
Sept. 30, 1936— 288
29
Oct. 31, 1936—
Nov. 30, 1936--.
912 5,605 2,865 1,158
76 491 246
91
438 233
100
150 951 494
204 1, 259 691
351 2,174 1. 071
24 264 125
5
28
1
89
256
461
55
4
202
1,379
128
690
64
96
227
277
553
79
19
55
113
157
254
40
7
7
19
12
48
8
3
60
59
144
19
8
12
1
112
15
337
26
21
240
23
13
35
49
107
203
26
20
28
35
89
5
Percentage
All d a te s___ _
Dec. 31, 1935.__
Jan. 31, 1936___
Feb. 29, 1936 ..
Mar. 31, 1936-.Apr. 30, 1936___
May 31, 1936--.
June 30, 1936— .
July 31, 1936— .
Aug. 31, 1936.-.
Sept. 30, 1936. „
Oct. 31, 1936—
Nov. 30, 1936 _
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
9
8
9
9
8
9
9
13
8
10
13
8
17
24
38
4
(t)
7
17
40
6
J
16
23
37
8
17
11
43
3
8
17
23
39
4
a)
J0.5 percent or less.
12
16
39
3
(t)
22
17
39
5
«)
22
8
8
17
40
5
22
(t)
20
6
1
6
5
15
45
5
6
18
18
42
6
2
20
(0
10
14
17
44
2
246
W E S T C E N T R A L -R O C K Y M O U N T A I N R E G IO N
PUEBLO, COLO.
T able
1.— F am ily type:
N um ber of fa m ilies of specified types and average num ber
of persons per fa m ily , by incom e, 193 5-86
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combined]
Average number
of persons per
family 2
Number of families of type 1
Income class
(1)
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
454
455
141
314
All fam ilies 3.............. 6, 004 1,823 1,047
Belief families--------- 1,405 384 245
Nonrelief families. 4, 599 1,439 802
4
$0-$249...................... 41 29
57 17
$250-$499.................. 1 1 1
$500-$749...... ........... 298 130 60
$750-$999................. 493 167 88
$1,000-$1,249........... 666 208 136
$1,250-$1,499........... 648 193 120
$1,500-$1,749........... 628 180 132
$1,750-$l,999........... 533 149 93
$2,000-$2,249______ 366 105 62
$2,250-$2,499-........ 270 81 31
$2,500-$2,999-.......... 239 67 23
$3,000-$3,499............ 136 29 14
10
$3,500-$3,999........... 75 2 1
5
8
$4,000-$4,499............ 35
1
6
$4,500-$4,999______ 20
7
3
$5,000-$7,499______ 29
$7,500-$9,999______
8
5
3
$10,000 and over 4.
740 1,135
161 227
579 908
1
4
12
15
34 35
69 77
96 1 1 2
78 129
84 107
74 104
42 80
28 71
30 68
14 55
5 20
4 14
2
7
6
6
2
2
110
344
4
7
37
30
49
50
51
31
30
25
12
11
1
2
3
1
1
3
23
34
60
51
50
36
21
14
10
3
3
222
73
94
128
12
61
1
1
3
6
14
17
20
16
19
12
9
7
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
5
3
7
6
12
6
6
5
4
1
1
1
1
55
31
24
2
4
2
5
2
1
1
3
3
1
CO
All
Other than
husband
All and wife
VII VIII Other mem
bers Un 16
der and
16 over
(9) ( 10 ) (ID ( 12 ) (13) (14)
1 .0
3.8
3.4
2. 5
2. 9
3.1
3.4
3.4
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.6
3. 5
3. 7
3. 5
3. 7
3. 0
4. 5
1.3
1 .0
.3
.7
.9
1.1
1 .1
1.1
1 .0
1 .1
.9
.9
.9
.7
.7
.9
.6
1.2
4
l! 7
0.5
.5
.4
.2
*2
'.2
.3
.3
.4
.4
.4
.6
.6
.9
.8
8
;9
.5
.6
!9
1 Family type:
I. 2 persons. Husband and wife only.
II. 3 persons. Husband, wife, 1 child under 16 and no others.
III. 4 persons. Husband, wife, 2 children under 16 and no others.
IV. 3 or 4 persons. Husband, wife, 1 person 16 or over, and 1 or no other person, regardless of age.
V. 5 or 6 persons. Husband, wife, 1 child under 16,1 person 16 or over, and 1 or 2 other persons, regard
less of age.
VI. 5 or 6 persons. Husband, wife, 3 or 4 children under 16 and no others.
VII. 7 or 8 persons. Husband, wife, 1 child under 16, 4 or 5 other persons, regardless of age.
VIII. 5 or 6 persons. Husband, wife, 3 or 4 persons 16 or over.
Other. 7 or more persons. All types not included in I through VIII.
2 These are year-equivalent persons. The sum of columns (13) and (14) plus 2 (husband and wife) does
not always equal column (12). For the methods used in deriving these averages see glossary.
3 1 family which reported a net loss is excluded from this and subsequent tables. The family had gross
business expense and losses exceeding its gross earnings and other income.
4 Largest income reported between $10,000 and $15,000.
247
TABULAE SUMMARY
PUEBLO , COLO.
1A.— Family type:
N um ber of fa m ilies of specified types an d average
num ber of persons per fa m ily , by occupation and incom e, 1 98 5-86
T able
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born]
Average number
of persons per
family 3
Number of families of type 1—
Income class and
occupational group
0
)
All
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
All
VII VIII Other mem
bers
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
( 8)
(9)
( 10 )
(1 1 )
( 12 )
301
479
197
195
90
27
17
3.5
1.1
3
5
29
22
34
36
27
13
14
1
2
2 .6
.7
Wage earner
All nonrelief families- 2. 460 732 422
1
6
9
$0-$249____________
$250-$499___________ 56 23 1 1
$500-$749__________ 203 78 42
$750-$999__________ 345 106 64
$1,000-$1,249_______ 419 117 81
74
$1,250-$1,499_______ 398 110
$1,500-$1,749_______ 351 96 64
$1,750-$1,999_______ 263 78 38
$2,000-$2,249_______ 165 47 30
29
9
$2,250-$2,499 _______ 110
4
$2,500-$2,999_______ 82 22
11
3
$3,000-$3,499_______ 31
8
19
$3,500-$3,999_______
1
4
$4,000-$4,499_______
1
4
$4,500-$4,999_______
1
$5,000-$7,499_______
$7,500-$9,999_______
$10,000 and over____
Clerical
All nonrelief families 917 267 186
1
1
2
$0~$249____________
7
3
2
$250-$499___________
7
30 17
$500-$749__________
24 15
66
$750-$999__________
$1,000-$ 1,249_______ 119 36 35
29 26
$1,250-$1,499_______ 12 1
$1,500-$1,749_______ 152 44 39
$1,750-$1,999_______ 135 33 26
$2,000-$2,249_______ 103 27 15
75 23 10
$2,250-$2,499_______
8
$2,500-$2,999_______ 64 21
1
29
6
$3,000-$3,499_______
7
2
$3,500-$3,999_______
1
4
$4,000-$4,499_______
1
$4,500-$4,999_______
1
2
$5,000-$7,499_______
$7,500-$9,999_______
$10,000 and o v e r ___
Independent
business
All nonrelief families. 509 185 73
1
4
3
$0-$249.........................
2
10
$250-$499___________ 20
9
$500-$749___________ 44 25
2
$750-$999___________ 49 21
$1,000-$1,249_______ 85 34 15
$1,250-$1,499............... 69 30 10
7
$1,500-$1,749............... 40 1 1
9 10
$1,750-$1,999_______ 49
5
$2,000-$2,249_______ 35 10
6
9
$2,250-$2,499_______ 29
3
6
$2,500-$2,999_______ 25
1
2
$3,000-$3,499_______
19
4
15
$3,500-$3,999_______
5
$4,000-$4,499_______
5
4
$4,500-$4,999_._........ .
2
3
10
$5,000-$7,499_______
5
4
$7,500-$9,999...............
$10,000 and over 3___
1
See footnotes a t end of table.
78127
'
Other than
husband
and wife
Un 16
der and
16 over
(13) (14)
1
9
29
49
60
48
41
29
16
6
23
53
78
76
59
58
40
36
32
12
4
6
10
2
1
8
1
166
8
14
26
27
24
17
14
18
23
25
17
14
9
12
]6
1
1
3
114
1
1
6
6
11
11
12
7
13
7
6
7
4
2
3
9
12
11
7
6
10
6
2
1
1
-
-
3
1
3
-
-
-
1
13
15
13
11
9
6
2
64
62
1
2
2
2
5
2
4
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
14
15
1
2
4
1
5
2
2
1
12
11
8
6
2
1
3
4
7
10
8
13
8
3
3
1
1
1
4
1
1
2
2
1
1
31
29
1
1
1
6
1
4
1
___
1
8
9
5
2
6
1
2
3
2
1
1
1
2
3
7
4
4
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
3.3
2 .2
2 .8
2 .6
1
1
3
3
5
3.2
3.2
3.5
3.5
3.6
3.6
3.5
3.5
3.7
3.6
3.3
3.6
4.5
4.2
(*)
3.4
(*)
2.8
2.7
3.1
3.2
3.5
3.3
3.5
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.6
3.4
3.8
(*)
(*)
1
3
4
8
9
2
1
1
55
7
2
6
12
1
I
3
11
21
20
6
4
1
1
143
17
26
45
34
35
1
3.2
3.3
3.0
3.5
3.6
3.3
3.2
3.8
4.1
3.5
5.0
2.4
3.5
3.2
C)
1 .0
1.0
1 .2
1 .2
1 .1
1.1
1.0
.9
.9
.7
.5
.6
1 .0
1 .0
1.0
(*)
.7
.7
1.0
1 .0
1.1
1.0
1 .1
1.0
1.0
.8
.6
.4
1 .0
.8
2 .2
.5
.4
.7
1 .0
.7
1 .0
1.1
.6
.6
1 .2
.9
.5
2 .2
.2
0.4
.2
.2
.4
.4
.5
.5
.5
.6
.8
.9
.8
1 .1
1.5
1.2
(*)
.4
.1
.2
.2
.4
.3
.4
.6
.5
.7
1 .0
1.0
.8
(*)
(*)
.5
.3
.5
.3
.4
.5
.5
.7
.6
.7
.2
1 .2
1 .0
.8
.2
.8
.6
.7
.6
(*) (*)
248
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
PUEBLO, COLO.
1A.— Family type:
N um ber of fa m ilies of specified types and average
num ber of persons per fa m ily , by occupation and incom e , 1 9 3 5 -3 6 —Continued
T able
Average number
of persons per
family 2
Number of families of type 1—
Other than
husband
and wife
Income class and
occupational group
0
)
Independent
professional
All nonrelief families.
$0-$249.... ..................
$250-$499......................
$500-$749__..................
$750-$999...... ...............
$1,000--$1,249___..........
$1,250-$1,499_______
$1,500-$1,749_______
$1,750-$!,999_______
$2,000-$2,249_______
$2,250-$2,499...............
$2,500-$2,999_-_..........
$3,000-$3,499._............
$3,500-$3,999___..........
$4,000-$4,499_______
$4,500-$4,999._............
$5.000-$7,499___..........
$7,500-$9,999_..............
$10,000 and over____
Salaried business
All nonrelief families.
$0-$249____________
$250-$499_............ .......
$500-$749.....................
$750-$999...... ...............
$1,000-$1,249_______
$1,250-$1,499...............
$1,500-$1,749...............
$1,750-$1,999___..........
$2,000-$2,249...............
$2,250-$2,499___..........
$2,500-$2,999„............
$3,000-$3,499...............
$3,500-$3,999...............
$4,000-$4,499— ..........
$4,500-$4,999_______
$5,000-$7,499...............
$7,500-$9,999_______
$10,000 and over 3___
See footnotes a t
All
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
69
28
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
3
7
4
9
5
8
6
4
4
3
2
2
1
2
1
14
3
3
311
88
56
1
1
2
6
6
1
6
2
2
14
15
8
12
11
6
3
2
1
end of table.
2
2
2
1
3.0
1
(*)
(*)
(*)
2.3
2
2 .8
2 .0
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
40
71
4
1
1
1
31
13
1
1
1
1
1
6
5
1
1
1
3
5
6
11
8
4
2
4
7
4
1
1
3
1
1
5
3
16
20
34
47
30
31
38
37
20
13
5
14
1
7
6
3
7
2
2
6
6
All
VII VIII Other mem
bers Un 16
der and
16 over
(
10
)
(9)
(ID ( 12 ) (13) (14)
1
1
3
6
8
1
3
5
7
2
1
2
3
3
6
5
7
6
9
12
5
6
3
1
1
2
4
4
3
5
6
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
0.6
C)
.7
3.6
2.4
2 .8
3.1
3.4
3. 2
3.0
3. 2
.5
.4
1 .1
.5
.7
1. 2
3.4
.9
(*)
(*)
3.4
3.2
3.3
3.0
3. 5
3.4
3.3
3. 7
3.7
3.4
3.2
4.4
4. 3
(*)
(*)
.8
0.4
(*)
.3
.1
.8
.4
.4
.7
.3
.7
.3
.5
(*) C)
.3
1.2
.4
.8
1.0
.3
.8
1 .1
.9
1.0
1.2
1 .0
.8
.5
.8
1 .8
(*)
.2
.4
.6
.3
.5
.7
.6
.7
1. 6
(*)
(*)
5
249
TABULAR SUMMARY
PUEBLO , COLO.
T able
1A.— F am ily type: N um ber of fa m ilies of specified types and average num ber
of persons per fa m ily , by occupation and incom e , 1 98 5-86 —Continued
A verage n u m b er
of persons per
fam ily 3
N u m b er of fam ilies of ty p e l-
O ther th an
h u sb an d
and w ife
In co m e class and
o ccu p ation al group
(1 )
A ll
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
V II
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
31
44
A ll
V III O ther m e m
bers U n 16
der and
16 over
( 10 )
(ID
2
1
(12 ) (13) (14)
Salaried professional
A ll nonrelief fam ilies
$0-$249__......................
$250-$499_.................
$500-$749...................
$750-$999___________
$1,000-$1,249_______
$1,250-$1,499.............
$1,500-$1,749...............
$1,750-$1,999...............
$2,000-$2,249...............
$2,250-$2,499...............
$2,500-$2,999__............
$3,000-$3,499...............
$3,500-$3,999-............
$4,000-$4,499__............
$4,500-$4,999__............
$5,000-$7,499 ______
$7,500-$9,999_______
$10,000 and over __
Other 4
All n on relief fam ilies.
$0-$249_ .......................
$250-$499.....................
$500-$749_.................
$750-$999___________
.$lJftftn-.$1J249
$1,250-$1,499_______
$1,500-$1,749_...........
$1,750-$! ,999...............
.$2,000-.$2;249
$2,250-$2,499__............
$2,500-$2,999............. .
$3,000-$3,499______
$3,500-$3,999........... „
$4,000-14,499_______
222
66
45
3
5
13
10
28
41
32
19
4
4
11
13
1
1
2
20
22
13
7
3
2
3
10
6
5
5
2
3
I
1
5
2
5
10
8
4
2
3
2
2
1
1
2
7
5
4
3
3
2
1
I
1
73
19
19
7
9
10
5
5
3
3
3
1
1
1
3
2
7
5
3
3
6
6
4
1
1
11
7
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
3
3
2
1
1
1
2
3
2
1
1
4
1
1
1
2
1
1
6
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
20
4
5
1
4
4
1
.7
1.2
.6
.8
.7
1.3
1 .0
1 .0
.8
1.1
.9
.6
.7
(*)
3.3
2
2 .6
1
1
2. 5
2.3
.3
.1
.2
.4
.3
2.4
3.0
3.6
3.2
1.0
(*)
(*)
2 .8
2 .6
2 .6
1
1
2
3.0
3.4
2.9
3.1
3.1
3.4
3.6
3.2
3.4
3.7
4.0
3.6
3.3
(*)
5.6
1 .0
2
1
1
1
2
1
3.4
(*)
1
26
23
13
13
15
9
111
15
.3
1 .2
0.4
.3
.2
.3
.3
.4
.4
.3
.2
.6
.6
1 .2
1 .0
.7
.3
(*)
.3
.4
.1
.5
.3
.4
.4
1.7
$4,500-$4r999
.$5,000-.$7,499
$7,500-$9,999...............
$10,000 an d o v er..........
For footnotes 1 and 2 , see table 1 on p. 246.
3 Largest income reported between $10,000 and $15,000.
4 This group contains 5 families engaged in farming, a group too small to be separately classified, and
families having no gainfully employed members.
■ "Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
250
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
PUEBLO , COLO.
T
2.— Sources of fam ily in com e: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving incom e
from specified sources , and average am ount of such incom e , by incom e , 1 9 3 5 -3 6
able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family
types combined]
Number of families receiving—
Income class
(1 )
All families.......................................
Relief families_______ ______
Nonrelief families........................
$0-$249_______ ______ _____
$250-$499....................................
$500-$749__________________
$750-8999_______ ______
$1,000-$1,249_______________
$1,250-$1,499_______________
$1.500-$1,749_______________
$1,750-$1,999_______________
$2,000-82,249_____ _________
$2,250-82,499.................... .........
$2,500-82,999. ...........................
$3,000-83,999_______________
$4,000-84,999_______________
$5,000 and over_________
Number of
families
(2 )
6,004
1,4C5
4. 599
41
111
298
493
666
648
628
533
366
270
239
2 11
55
40
Money income from—
Other
sources
Earnings 1 (positive
or nega
tive ) 2
(4)
(3)
5,787
1, 294
4,493
15
89
286
480
651
641
625
530
361
270
239
2 11
55
40
852
113
739
10
35
41
49
73
97
77
74
72
63
58
59
16
15
Nonmoney income from—
Any
source 3
(5)
2, 718
393
2,325
15
56
92
178
255
371
313
262
244
160
169
140
36
34
Owned
home
(positive
or nega
tive ) 4
(6)
2. 642
376
2 . 266
14
51
90
173
244
356
305
257
242
159
168
138
35
34
Rent as
pay
(7)
76
17
59
1
5
5
11
15
8
5
2
2
1
1
2
1
1 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
2 Includes 833 families, 723 of which were nonrelief, which had money income other than earnings and no
business losses met from family funds; 13 families, 10 of which were nonrelief, which had business losses met
from family funds ana no money income other than earnings, and 6 families, all of which were nonrelief,
which had both money income and business losses met from family funds. There were, therefore, 839
families, 729 of which were nonrelief, which had money income ether than earnings, whether or not they
had business losses met from family funds; and there were 19 families, 16 of which were nonrelief, which had
business losses met from family funds, whether or not they had money income other than earnings. These
latter 16 families were founa in the following income classes: $0-$249, 1; $250-$499, 2: $750-$999, 2; $1,000$1,249, 8; $1,250-$1,499, 2; $1,750-$1,999, 3; $2,000-$2.249, 1; $3,000-$3,999, 2. See glossary for definition of
“money income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
* The total of the numbers of families in columns (6) and (7), since no family reported nonmoney income
from both sources.
4
Includes families with losses from owned homes, as well as families whose estimated rental value of owned
homes for the period of ownership and occupancy exceeded estimated expenses allocable to that period.
There were 44 families, 31 of which were nonrelief, with losses from owned homes (i. e., families whose esti
mated rental value was less than estimated expenses). The latter 31 families were found in the following
income classes: $250-$499, 1; $500-$749, 2; $750-$999, 7; $1,000-$1,249, 5; $1,250-$1,499, 8; $1,500-$! ,749, 6;
$1,750-$1,999, 1; $2,250-$2,499, 1. Excludes 6 families whose estimatea rental value of owned homes was
equal to estimated expenses.
251
TABULAR SUMMARY
PUEBLO , COLO.
T a b l e 2 . — Sources
of fam ily in com e: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving incom e
from specified sources , and average am ount of such incom e , by incom e ,
1 9 8 6 -3 6 1—Continued
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family
types combined]
Average family income
Money income from—
Income class
Total
(2 )
(1 )
All fam ilies ______ _____ ____
Relief families____________
Nonrelief families_________
$0-$249............................. .
$250-$499_____________
$500-$749_____________
$750-$999_____________
$1,000-$1,249__________
$1,25CK$1,499__________
$1,500-$1,749__________
$1,750-$1,999.....................
$2,000-$2,249__________
$2,250-$2,499__________
$2,500-$2,9*9__________
$3,000~$3,999__________
$4,000-$4,999__________
$5,000 and over________
8
$1, 410
618
81,652
112
399
642
884
1,128
1,373
1,608
1,861
2.106
2, 368
2. 710
3, 373
4, 394
6, 648
Nonmoney income from—
Other
sources
All
sources Earnings2 (positive
or nega
tive ) 3
(4)
(5)
(3)
$1, 332
590
1,559
72
?27
611
848
1,079
1,287
1,531
1,770
1,956
2, 237
2, 525
3,167
4,170
6, 289
$1,286
573
1,503
64
280
568
813
1,040
1,243
1,494
1,716
1,887
2,171
2, 444
3,029
4,003
5,930
$46
17
56
8
47
43
35
39
44
37
54
69
66
81
138
167
359
All
sources
(6)
$78
28
93
40
72
31
36
49
86
77
91
150
131
185
206
224
359
Owned
home
(positive
or nega
tive)*
(7)
$75
26
90
38
67
30
34
47
81
74
89
148
131
182
203
220
359
Rent as
pay
(8)
$3
2
3
2
5
1
2
2
5
3
2
(**)
2
3
3
4
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2 ) of table 2 , whether or not they received
ncome from the specified source. Averages in columns (2), (3), (5), (6) and (7) are net figures, after deduc
tion for all families of business losses met from family funds or expenses for owned homes.
2 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
3 Includes money income other than earnings, after deduction of business losses met from family funds.
See glossary for definitions cf “money income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
4 Represents the estimated rental value of owned homes for the period of ownership and occupancy, less
estimated expenses allocable to that period.
« Median income for all families was $1,277; for nonrelief families, $1,517
**$0.50 or less.
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
252
PUEBLO , COLO.
T able
2A.— Sources of fam ily in com e: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving incom e
from specified sources , and average am ount of such incom e , by occupation and
incom e , 1 93 5-86
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Number of families receiving—
Income class and occupational Number of
families
group
(1 )
Wage earner
All nonrelief families. ..................
$0-$499............................................$500-$999....................................— .
$1,000-$1,499...................... ..............
$1,500-$1,999_________ _________
$2,000-$2,999...................... ..............
$3,000-$4,999.....................................
$5,000 and nvPir
Clerical
All nonrelief families. .................
$0-$499............. .................................
$500-$999................. ..........................
$1,000-$1,499___ _____ _________
$1,500-$1,999................ ...................
$2,000-$2,999.................... .............
$3,000-$4,999.....................................
$5,000 and over________________
jBusiness and professional
All nonrelief fam ilies....................
$0-$499____________ ___________
$500-$999..........................................
$1,000-$1,499___ ____ _____ ____
$1,500-$1,999.....................................
$2,000-$2,999.....................................
$3,000-$4,999.....................................
$5,000 and over________________
Other
All nonrelief families.....................
(2 )
Money income from—
Nonmoney income from—
Other
Owned
Any
sources
home
Rent as
Earnings 1 (positive
or S( u.. - J 3 (positive or pay
negative) 2
negative) 4
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
2, 460
65
548
817
614
357
58
2,460
65
548
817
614
357
58
297
1,230
10
32
77
74
86
17
20
917
9
96
240
287
242
41
917
9
96
240
287
242
41
124
1 ,1 11
1 ,1 1 1
1
2
1
2
179
390
350
243
47
1,195
17
174
368
347
242
46
35
3
5
22
3
404
3
21
95
105
152
26
7
31
48
17
411
3
22
96
108
154
26
1
6
22
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
2
29
12 1
233
254
271
166
37
29
12 1
233
254
271
166
37
231
7
27
49
40
54
40
14
607
17
51
120
113
173
102
31
591
15
50
117
106
172
100
31
111
5
87
77
76
16
2
1
3
7
1
2
1
1 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
2 Includes families having money income other than earnings, families having business losses met from
family funds, and families having both such income and such losses. See glossary for definitions of “money
income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
3 The total of the numbers of families in columns (6) and (7), since no family reported nonmoney income
from both sources.
4 Includes families with losses from owned homes, as well as families whose estimated rental value of owned
homes for the period of ownership and occupancy exceeded estimated expenses allocable to that period.
TABULAR SUMMARY
253
PUEBLO , COLO.
T
able
2A.—Sources of fam ily in com e: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving incom e
from specified sources , and average am ount of such incom e , by occupation and
incom e , 1 9 3 5 -8 6 1—Continued
Average family income
Income class and occupa
tional group
Money income from—
Total
All
sources
Earn
ings 3
(2 )
(3)
(4)
$1, 451
381
794
1,246
1,719
2,316
3, 529
(*)
$1,374
351
766
1,186
1 , 626
2,172
3, 278
(*)
$1,342
361
755
1,168
1, 593
2,098
3,102
(*)
1, 743
327
824
1, 252
1, 724
2,350
3,432
A
1, 659
288
799
1,197
1, 664
2, 207
3, 257
(*)
1,619
288
785
1,179
1, 640
2,153
2,958
(*)
345
774
1,260
1,738
2, 404
3,643
6, 710
1,980
275
724
1,169
1, 650
2, 233
3, 443
6, 348
1,908
254
666
1,114
1, 587
2,180
3,348
5, 965
754
621
54
(1 )
Wage earner
All nonrelief families______
$0-$499______________ ____
$500-$999_________ _______
$1,000-$1,499______________
$1,500-$1,999............................
$2,000-$2,999______________
$3,000-$4,999............................
$5,000 and over___________
Clerical
All nonrelief families_____
$0-$499 ___............................. .
$500-$999_________________
$1,000-$1,499.............................
$1,499-$1,999................. ...........
$2,000-$2,9P9______________
$3,000-$4,999______________
$5,000 and over___________
Business and professional
All nonrelief families---------$0-$499______________ ____
$500-$999_________________
$1,000-$1,499______________
$1,500-$1,999________ _____
$2,000-$2,999______________
$3,000-$4,999________ _____
$5,000 and over___________
Other
Ail nonrelief families............
8
8
,
82 111
Nonmoney income from—
Other
Owned
sources
All
home
Rent as
(positive or sources (positive or pay
negative) 3
negative) 4
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
$32
-10
11
(*)
18
33
74
176
40
14
18
24
54
299
72
$77
30
28
60
93
144
251
(*)
84
39
25
55
60
143
175
(*)
(*)
$74
24
26
55
91
144
247
6
2
5
(**)
82
39
22
55
(*)
57
142
175
58
55
63
53
95
383
131
70
50
91
88
171
200
362
127
62
49
88
83
169
193
362
567
133
133
21
$3
2
4
2
(**)
3
3
1
4
8
1
3
5
2
7
(**)
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2) of table 2A, whether or not they re
ceived income from the specified source. Averages in columns (2), (3), (5), (6), and (7) are net figures,
after deduction for all families of business losses met from family funds or expenses for owned homes.
2 See glossary for definition of “earnings.” .
3 Includes money income other than earnings, after deduction of business losses from family funds.
See
glossary for definitions of “money income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
4 Represents the estimated rental value of owned home for the period of ownership and occupancy, less
estimated expenses allocable to that period.
8 Median incomes were as follows: Wage-earner families, $1,374; clerical families, $1,687; business and
professional families, $1,846.
*Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
**$0.60 or less.
254
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
PUEBLO , COLO.
3.— M oney earnings: Number of families receiving net money earnings
and average net money earnings received from each source, by income, 1985—36
T able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family
types combined]
Number of families receiving net
money earnings from—
Income class
Number
of
families
(1)
(2)
All fam ilies................................
Relief fa m ilies......... ............
Nonrelief families__________
$0-$249 ............................—
$250-$499..............................
$500-$749..........................$750-$999.............. — .........
$1,000-$1,249.......................
$1,250-$1,499............ ...........
$1,500-$1,749..................
$1,750-$1,999......................
$2,000-$2,249.......................
$2,250-$2,499........................
$2,500-$2,999.......................
$3,000-$3,999 .....................
$4,000-$4,999.....................
$5,000 and over..................
6,004
1,405
4, 599
41
298
493
648
628
533
366
270
239
55
40
111
666
Average net money earn
ings from 1—
Other
Roomers
work
and
not
Indi Roomers
Indi boarders
and
All
Any vidual
vidual and
sources
source earners board attrib
earners other
ers 3 toutable
indi
work 3
viduals
(6)
(5)
(4)
(7)
(3)
(9)
(8)
5,787
1, 294
4,493
15
89
286
480
651
641
625
530
361
270
239
55
40
5,740
1,280
4, 460
14
84
280
475
644
637
622
528
361
270
239
55
40
211 211 211
422
81
341
81
27
39
43
54
53
30
26
26
16
13
4
1
34 $1, 286 $1, 276
573
566
24 1,503 1,493
64
62
280
272
5
568
553
813
802
1,040 1,030
5 1,243 1,232
1,494 1,483
1, 716 1, 705
1,887 1,876
2,171 2,159
2,444 2,433
3,029 3,016
4,003 3,994
5,930 5,927
10
2
81
21
$10
107
28
15
1110
111111
1112
11
13
g
3
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2), whether or not they received money
earnings from the specified source.
Includes only families which had net money earnings from roomers and boarders (i. e., whose gross income
from roomers and boarders exceeded estimated expenses). In addition, there were a few families which had
roomers and boarders but which received from them no net money earnings.
Includes net money earnings from roomers and boarders and from other work not attributable to indi
viduals (casual work in home, such as laundry and sewing). Average net money earnings of all nonrelief
families from other work not attributable to individuals were $0.50 or less.
2
3
255
TABULAR SUMMARY
PUEBLO , COLO.
3A.— M oney earnings: Number of families receiving net money earnings
and average net money earnings received from each source, by occupation and
income, 1935-36
T able
fWhite nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Number of families receiving net
money earnings from—
Income class and occupapational group
Number
of
families
(1)
(2)
Wage earner
All nonrelief fam ilies.._____
$0-$499___ ______________
$500-$999 ...................................
$1,000-$1,499._____ _________
$1,500-$1,999_______________
$2,000-$2,999 ______________
$3,000-$4,999 _____________
$5,000 and over ___________
Clerical
All nonrelief fam ilies_______
$0-$499_ _________________
$500-$999___________________
$1,000-$1,499 _______________
$1,500-$1,999 __ .. _____
$2,000-32,999 _____________
$3,000-$4,999 ________ __ _
$5,000 and over ___ _ __ __
Business and professional
All nonrelief fam ilies______
$0-$499____________________
$500-$999___________ _____
$1,000-$1,499_______________
$1,500-$1,999_______________
$2,000-32,999 ______________
$3,000-$4,999 ______________
$5,000 and over_____________
Other
All nonrelief families
___
Other
Roomers
Roomers work
and
Indi
not
Indi boarders
All
Any vidual and
vidual and
source earners board attrib
sources earners
utable
ers 2 to indi
other
work 3
viduals
(5)
(3)
(4)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
2,460
65
548
817
614
357
58
2,460
65
548
817
614
357
58
2,460
65
548
817
614
357
58
181
3
40
57
43
33
5
917
9
96
240
287
242
41
917
9
96
240
287
242
41
917
9
96
240
287
242
41
56
1
Average net money earn
ings from 1—
1
1
2 2 2
1,111 1,111 1,078
29
29
23
121
121
110
233
233
222
254
254
249
271
166
37
271
166
37
271
166
37
111
5
5
4
14
18
16
4
104
22266
2219
81
16 $1, 342 $1,332
361
358
755
750
3
9 1,168 1,158
1,593 1,581
2,098 2,087
3,102 3,074
(*)
(*)
1
21
4
1
3
4
1,619
288
785
1,179
1, 640
2,153
2,958
(*)
1,612
288
780
1,172
1, 637
2,144
2,948
(*)
1,908
2,180
3, 348
5,965
1,891
225
613
1,093
1, 571
2,168
3, 341
5,962
54
54
254
211 1,114
666
1, 587
$10
3
10125
11
28
7
5
7
3
9
10
17
29
53
16
7
3
21
12
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2), whether or not they received money
earnings from the specified source.
Includes only families which had net money earnings from roomers and boarders (i. e., whose gross in
come from roomers and boarders exceeded estimated expenses). In addition, there were some families which
had roomers and boarders but which had no net money earnings from them.
Incl iides net money earnings from roomers and boarders and from other work not attributable to individ
uals (casual work in home, such as laundry and sewing). Average net money earnings of all nonrelief fam
ilies from other work not attributable to individuals were $0.50 or less for all occupations.
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
2
3
256
WEST CENTRAL-KOOKY MOUNTAIN REGION
PUEBLO , COLO.
4-4 A . — P rincipal earners: Number of 'principal earners, classified as hus
bands , wives, and others, with weeks of employment and average yearly earnings
of principal earners, by occupation and income, 1935-86
T able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Number of principal earners
Num
Income class and occupa ber of
fami
tional group
lies
(1)
All occupations
All families...........................
Relief families.......................
Nonrelief fam ilies4.............
$ft-$249
$250-$499.........................
$500-$749 . .. _ ____
$750-$999___________ $1,000-$!,249..................
$1,250-$1,499..................
$1,500-$1,749..................
$1,750-$1,999................
$2,000-$2,249..................
$2,250-$2,499..................
$2,500-$2,999..................
$3,000-$3,999__...............
$4J00ft-$4,999
$5,000 and over
Wage earner
All nonrelief families____
$0-$499
$500-$999........................
$1,000-$1,499_................
$1,500-$1,999_................
$2,000-$2,999..................
$3,000-$4,999..................
$5,000 and over. _ ... _
Clerical
All nonrelief families........ .
$0-$499
S500-$999 . .
$1,000-$1,499..................
$1,500-$1,999................
$2,000- $2,999..................
$3,000-$4,999..................
$5,000 ana over______
Business and professional
All nonrelief families_____
$0-$499
$500-$999
$1,000-$1,499_.............. ..
$1,50)-$1,999..................
$2,000-$2,999._..............
$3,000-$4,999___.............
$5,000 and over.............
12
3
4
Hus
bands Wives
All*
Others
Fe
male
(7)
Male
(6)
(5)
Average
weeks of
employ
ment of
principal
earners 1
(2)
(3)
(4)
6,004
1,405
4, 599
41
298
493
648
628
533
366
270
239
55
40
5,740
1,280
4,460
14
84
280
475
644
637
622
528
361
270
239
55
40
5,477
1,174
4,303
14
80
272
453
631
619
603
514
341
258
230
197
52
39
106
43
63
98
44
54
59
19
40
7
14
3
9
4
9
4
2
6
3
5
5
5
5
5
11
6
6
102
1
5
4
7
5
5
5
3
2, 460
65
548
817
614
357
58
2, 460
65
548
817
614
357
58
2,409
63
534
805
602
349
55
16
30
5
917
9
96
240
287
242
41
917
9
96
240
287
242
41
854
111
666
211 211
1
1
2 2
1,111 1,078
23
12129 222
110
233
254
249
271
166
37
271
166
37
1
22
1
812
4
1
8
87
22
1
7
2
1
226
276
223
32
4
4
5
1,035
25
217
239
257
161
36
63
5
9
11
22
103
1
4
87
7
3
(8)
(*)
22
7
7
28
5
7
1
6
1
221
12
11
1
4
3
2
Hus
bands
(9)
(10)
$1,283
599
1,470
178
356
583
826
1,049
1,218
1,460
1,656
1,820
2,051
, 220
2,754
3,689
5,649
2,022 2
2
22
1
23
All
49 $1, 261
44
590
50 1,454
32
178
41
354
45
579
814
49
51 1,045
51 1,208
52 1,444
51 1,638
52 1,784
52
52 2,184
52 , 668
52 3, 571
52 5, 633
2
12
18
Average earn
ings of principal
earners *
(*)
50
39
48
51
51
52
51
1,263
350
738
1,129
1,516
1,891
2. 505
(*)
(*)
51
28
48
51
52
52
51
1, 505
288
756
1,137
i, 564
1,970
2,348
(*)
1,541
285
771
1,151
1, 590
2,039
2,583
(*)
51
45
49
51
52
52
52
1,846
281
643
1,103
1,537
2,066
3,105
5, 674
1,872
275
654
1,106
1, 552
3,158
5,693
*2
1,273
353
744
1.135
1, 531
1,908
2. 559
2,101
Averages in this column are based on the number of principal earners reporting weeks of employment.
Averages in this section of the table are based on the corresponding counts of principal earners in columns
(3) and (4).
The total number of principal earners given in column (3) is equivalent to the total number of families
having individual earners, since a family can have only one principal earner. The difference between the
totals in columns (2) and (3) is explained by the fact that column (2), number of families, includes cases in
which none of the family income was attributable to individual earners.
Includes 111 families classified in the occupational group “Other." These families had 5 principal
earners.
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
257
TABULAR SUMMARY
PUEBLO , COLO.
T
5.—Number of earners in family: N um ber of fa m ilies w ith specified
num ber of in d ivid u a l earners , fa m ily relation sh ip of sole earners , and average
num ber of supplem en tary earners per fa m ily , by incom e , 1 9 3 5 -3 6
able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Number of families with individual earners
Families
with more Average
than one number of
Num
earner as supple
ber of
mentary
Four percentage
families
families earners
Other
Two Three or ofwith
any
per
Any
more individual fam
ily 1
family Hus
Wife
band
earner
1
member
Fe
Male male
( 12 )
(3)
(4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10 ) (1 1 )
(2 )
On<3 only
Income class
(1 )
All fam ilies.......... . 6,004
Relief families____ 1,405
Nonrelief families.. 4, 599
$0-$249..................
41
$250-$499..............
111
$500-$749..............
298
$750-$999...........
493
$1,000-$1.249____
666
$1,250-$! ;499____
648
$1,500-$1,749........
628
$1,750-$1,999____
533
$2,000-$2,249........
366
$2,250-$2,499........
270
$2,500-$2,999____
239
$3,000-$3.999____
2 11
55
$4,000-$4,999 ___
$5,000 and over..
40
4, 915
1,114
3,801
13
77
260
432
590
555
539
447
287
2 12
167
149
41
32
4,812
1,056
3, 756
13
75
257
424
585
550
534
443
283
208
165
146
41
32
52
31
21
31
19
12
1
3 ____%
5
1
3
1
3
4
2
1
2
2
2
2
1
20
8
12
i
3
1
1
1
1
2
2
700
147
553
106
17
89
2
17
(t)
'
1
7
19
41
48
72
78
69
59
52
51
40
9
7
1
2
5
9
5
9
13
6
19
17
2
1
14
13
15
19
1
1
3
2
2
5
3
8
7
9
8
13
13
15
20
22
30
29
25
20
0.17
.15
.18
.07
.08
.08
.09
.1 0
.14
. 14
.18
.25
.24
.40
.42
.42
.2 2
1 This percentage was computed by dividing the sum of columns (8), (9), (10) by column (4) of table 3 on
p. 254.
2 Based on the number of families with individual earners, column (4) of table 3 on p. 254.
tPercentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
258
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
PUEBLO , COLO.
T
6.—Sole and supplementary earners: N um ber of fa m ilies w ith in d i
vidual earners; num ber of su pplem en tary earners classified as husbands , w ivest
and others; average earnings of su pplem en tary earners; and average earnings of
fa m ily from su pplem en tary earners; by incom e , 1985-36
able
White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Number of families with
individual earners
Income class
(1 )
Num
One only
ber of
fami
lies Any
Any
family Hus
mem band
ber
(5)
(4)
(2 ) (3)
Number of supplementary
earners
Average
Average earnings
Others4 earnings
fam
of all per from
supple ily
supple
More
mentary mentary
Hus Wives
than All bands
one 3
Fe earners1 earners2
Male male
(6)
All families............ 6,004 5, 740 4, 915 4, 812 825
Relief families----- 1, 405 1 , 280 1,114 1.056 166
Nonrelief families. 4, 599 4. 460 3,801 3, 756 659
1
14
13 13
$0-$249 .............. 41
84
$250-$499........... . 1 1 1
77 75 - 7
$500-$749............. 298 280 260 257 20
$750-$999______ 493 475 432 424 43
$1,000-$1,249___ 666 644 590 585 54
$1,250-$1,499___ 648 637 555 550 82
$1.500-$1,749___ 628 622 539 534 83
$1,750-$1,999___ 533 528 447 443 81
$2,000-$2,249___ 366 361 287 283 74
$2,250-$2,499___ 270 270 2 12 208 58
$2,500-$2,999___ 239 239 167 165 72
149 146 62
$3,000-$3,999___ 2 1 1 2 1 1
41 41 14
$4,000-$4,999___ 55 55
32 32
8
$5,000 and over.. 40 40
(7)
(8)
(9)
( 10 )
(1 1 )
( 12 )
974
187
787
132
36
96
282
49
233
329
70
259
231
32
199
2
9
14
23
43
24
34
16
19
26
14
7
1
1
2
4
8
18
$427
208
479
(*)
' 77
132
190
197
305
373
451
477
570
626
824
1,008
1, 302
1
7
45
65
93
88
96
91
64
95
89
23
9
21
5
12
8
12
10
9
12
7
7
8
3
1
2
3
11
16
17
33
37
38
22
38
31
8
3
2
21
21
16
25
16
24
36
5
3
(13)
$69
28
82
1
5
9
17
19
44
52
81
118
135
249
347
422
293
Averages in this column are based on the corresponding counts of supplementary earners in column (7).
Averages in this column are based on the number of families as shown in column (2 ).
3 Families that have supplementary earners.
4 Includes 3 males and no females under 16 years of age.
‘Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
1
2
259
TABULAR SUMMARY
PUEBLO , COLO.
T
6A.— Sole and supplementary earners: N um ber of fa m ilies w ith in d i
vidual earners; num ber of su pplem en tary earners classified as husbands , w ives , and
others; average earnings of su pplem en tary earners; and average earnings of fa m ily
from supplem entary earners; by occupation and incom e, 1 9 8 5 -8 6
able
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born; All family types combined]
Number of fam
ilies with indi
vidual earners
Income class and
occupational group
(1 )
Number of supplementary
earners
Number of
fami
Others 4
lies Any One More
Hus Wives
All bands
only than
one 3
Fe
Male male
(2 ) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) ( 10 )
Wage earner
All nonrelief families... 2, 460 2, 460 2 , 1 1 1
65 65 58
$0-$499 ___________
548 548 509
$500-$999 _________
$1,000-$1,499_________ 817 817 733
614 614 522
$1,500-$1,999_________
357 357 252
$2,000-$2,999_________
58 58 36
$3,000-$4,999 ................
1
1
1
$5,000 and over______
Clerical
All nonrelief families._. 917 917 760
9
9
9
$0-$499 .....................
96 96 86
$500-$999 _________
240 240 2 11
$1,000-$1,499...... ..........
$1,500-$1,999__________ 287 287 247
$2,000-$2,999_________ 242 242 184
41 41 22
$3,000-$4,999_________
1
$5 000 and over
2
2
Business and profes
sional
All nonrelief families... 1 , 1 1 1 1,078 927
29 23 22
$CH$499 . _________
97
$500-$999 ....................... 12 1 110
233 222 200
$1,000-$1.499_________
254 249 217
$1,500-$1,999_________
$2,000-$2,999__________ 271 271 230
166 166 131
$3,000-$4,999_________
37 37 30
$5,000 and over_______
Other
5
3
All nonrelief families... 1 1 1
349 412
7
7
39 40
84 95
92 105
105 127
22
38
32
126
145
109
2
2
1
8
2
8
157
190
29
40
58
19
10
31
45
77
25
151
183
1
1
1
11
1
13
32
41
35
7
14
31
34
46
49
2
2
22
8
Average
earnings
of all
supple
mentary
earners 1
Average
earnings
per
family
from
supple
mentary
earners 2
(1 1 )
( 12 )
6
19
45
56
16
30
22
34
13
$417
76
143
240
380
549
867
43
56
50
41
516
107
5
9
13
5
4
18
17
5
13
28
1
2
1
6
206
272
446
542
980
(*)
24
35
70
172
597
510
21
50
64
4
13
8
13
2
583
(*)
237
305
475
606
797
1.338
96
1
1
(*)
9
6
6
6
3
11
3
3
4
7
3
1
15
40
32
31
12
10
2
1
6
5
19
9
1
5
12
12
14
17
3
48
2
3
10
12
19
$70
s
10
28
65
195
568
2
27
40
64
103
235
289
5
Averages in this column are based on the corresponding counts of supplementary earners in column (6).
Averages in this column are based on the number of families as shown in column (2).
3 Families that have supplementary earners.
4 Includes persons under 16 years of age as follows: Clerical families, 2 males and no females.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
1
2
T a b l e 7 .—
Earnings supplementary earners:
of
to
PUEBLO , COLO.
N u m ber of su p p lem e n ta ry earners w ith earn in gs o f specified a m ou n t , by fa m ily in com e ,
1 9 3 5 -S 6
Oi
o
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
(1 )
All families—..........................
Relief families. __________
Nonrelief families_________
$0-$249__...........................
$250-$499 ....
$snn-$749 _
$750-$999___
$i,oon-<Ki,249
$1,250-$1,499....................
*i,50o-$i,749
.
$2,000-^2,249
$2J25n-*2J499
$2,50n-*2;999
*3I000-S3.9Q9
$4,000-$4,999....................
$5,000 an d over
825
166
659
1
7
20
43
54
82
83
81
74
58
72
62
14
8
Average
earnings
of sup
plemen Any Under
100tary
$50-$99 $$199
earners amount $50
(3)
$427
208
479
(♦ )
} 77
132
190
197
305
373
451
477
570
626
824
1,008
1,302
* Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
(6)
(5)
(4)
974
187
787
1
7
21
45
65
93
88
96
91
64
95
89
23
9
(7)
43
67
75
30
45
153
44
109
3
4
1
1
6
3
5
14
21
13
18
110
8
10
14
10
5
9
1
3
3
8
8
3
5
2
1
4
2
1
11
12
4
6
2
Number of supplementary earners with earnings of—
$200$299
$300$399
$400$499
$500$599
$600$699
$700$799
$800$899
(8)
(9)
GO)
(1 1 )
(12 )
(13)
(14)
85
23
62
4
10
8
10
5
8
5
4
2
6
111
16
95
2
7
9
15
10
17
12
6
10
5
2
79
13
66
3
6
13
10
4
8
5
11
4
1
1
66
83
4
62
8
2
5
9
9
14
7
12
2
1
1
75
82
3
79
2,000
$900- $1 ,000- $1,500- $and
$999 $1,499 $1,999 over
(15)
27
27
(17)
(16)
(18)
39
51
12
1
39
2
1
11
1
49
1
13
12
13
9
6
11
9
1
2
7
19
9
10
14
15
2
1
1
2
3
4
6
7
2
2
3
11
8
6
10
1
2
1
15
21
7
3
6
5
i
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
Number
of fami
lies with
any sup
plemen
tary
earners
(2 )
T able 8.
—Husbands as earners:
PU EBLO , COLO.
N um ber and average yearly earnings of husbands classified as p rin cip a l or supplem entary earners , by
age and fa m ily incom e , 1 98 5-36
[White families including husband and wife, both native bom: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Principal earners by age groups
Income class
(1 )
Supplementary earners by age groups
* 65
and Any Un
20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65over
Any Under
der 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-64 55-59 60-64 and
20
20
over
(6)
(7)
(9) ( 10) (ID (12 ) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (2 1 ) (22 ) (23) (24) (25)
(4)
(5)
(2 )
(3)
(8)
All families................. 5,477
■ R.filiflf familips
1,174
Nonrelief fam ilies... 4, 303
14
$0-$249_...............
$250-$499
80
.$snn-$749 . _
272
$750-$999_ ........ . 453
$1,000-$1,249____ 631
$1,250-$1,499____ 619
$1,500-$1,749____ 603
$1,750-$1,999____ 514
$2,000-$2,249____ 341
$2,250-$2,499____ 258
$2,500-$2,999____ 230
$3,000-$3,999____ 197
52
$4,000-$4,999____
$5,000 and over..
39
2
1
1
208
71
137
1
1
3
30
35
32
16
13
4
1
1
1
661
187
474
3
8
33
99
100
76
74
43
12
11
7
4
3
1
788
152
636
3
7
53
63
116
96
107
87
45
26
16
16
1
870
170
700
737
119
618
1
11
37
61
11 2
11 2
113
104
51
34
35
20
6
4
7
25
54
72
80
81
89
77
47
36
30
12
7
683
138
545
7
40
67
77
76
62
53
47
43
41
20
6
6
552
125
427
8
21
34
54
58
52
49
39
33
38
28
10
3
386
82
304
1
8
13
27
32
34
38
34
28
30
25
21
8
5
304
60
244
10
13
26
25
36
26
26
22
17
16
20
1
6
286 132
69 36
217 96
5
11
2
26 5
14 12
21
8
34 12
23 10
16 9
13 12
13 7
14 7
17 8
4 3
3
8
1
2
2
6
5
13
5
2
11
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
8
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
(*) $1,057 $1,241 $1, 384 $1,486 $1,608 $1,595 $1,526 $1,580 $1,519 $1,411 $592
C) $567 $665 $526
6
3
15
3
23
12
11
12
2
2
2
i
4
23
7
16
17
3
14
2
1
2
1
2
2
14
4
10
1
1
2
1
1
11
2
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
5
1
2
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
TABULAR SUMMARY
Number of husbands
2
1
1
2
Average earnings of husbands 1
All nonrelief fam dies. $1,470
$668
$632 $695 $432 $571 | $628
1
Averages for each age group are based on the corresponding numbers of husbands in the upper section of the table; the 2 averages for all age groups combined are based on
the corresponding total numbers of husbands.
O
*Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
h-*
fcO
9.
PUEBLO, COLO.
—Wives as earners:
N um ber and average yearly earnings of wives classified as p rin cip al or supplem entary earners, by age and
fa m ily incom e , 1 93 5-36
262
T able
["White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Principal earners by age groups
0
)
65
and Any Un
Any Under
20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65over
der 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 and
20
over
20
(2 )
(3)
(5)
(4)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9) do) (ID (12 ) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (2 1 ) (22 ) (23) (24) (2 5)
Number of wives
All families................
Relief fam ilies_____
Nonrelief families__
$0-$249..................
$250-$499.......... .
$500-$749..............
$750-$999_______
$1,000-~$1,249____
$1,250-$1,499____
$1,500-$1,749____
$1,750-$1,999____
$2,000-$2,249____
$2,250-$2,499____
$2,500-$2,999........
$3,000-$3,999____
$4,000-$4,999____
$5,000 and over..
106
43
63
3
1
2
2
1
7
14
3
6
9
4
9
4
8
7
1
2
7
5
3
1
2
1
19
9
10
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
19
7
12
1
2
2
2
2
1
2
18
9
9
6
12
2
4
4
8
9
4
5
5
4
1
2
1
1
S
49
233
2 2
5
36
1
4
10
26
57
7
50
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
9
14
23
43
24
34
16
19
26
14
7
2
51
8
43
37
3
34
32
6
26
28
5
23
20
8
6
2
3
17
2
6
3
3
1
1
1
1
3
4
4
5
4
3
1
4
7
12
6
6
3
3
5
2
3
4
5
3
7
5
5
7
4
1
5
8
6
6
1
3
3
1
1
2
1
5
4
2
6
2
3
1
2
5
1
3
2
3
3
1
1
1
4
1
3
4
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
____j____
__i
2
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
Supplementary earners by age groups
Average earnings of wives 1
All nonrelief families. $955
(*)
$862
$804 $1, 514
$695
$878 $1,085 $1 , 1 1 2
$737
(*) $505 $194 $413 $462 $494 $388 $791 $408 $800 $614 $253 (*)
i
Averages for each age group are based on the corresponding numbers of wives in the upper section of the table; the 2 averages for all age groups combined are based on the
corresponding total numbers of wives.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
PUEBLO , COLO.
>LZl$L
T able
10.—Money income other than earnings: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving m oney incom e other than earnings, and average am ount
received , by source and total incom e , 1 9 3 5 -3 6
1
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
1
0
i-i1
Income class
Number
of families
(1 )
(2 )
00
6,004
1,405
4,599
41
111
298
493
666
648
628
533
366
270
239
2 11
55
40
Any
source
(3)
839
110
729
9
33
41
47
71
98
77
72
71
63
58
58
16
15
Average money income, other than earnings, received from 2—
Rent from Interest Pensions, Gifts for
Rent from Interest Pensions, Gifts for Miscella
All
property and divi annuities, current neous
property and divi annuities, current sources
benefits
dends
use
sources 3
(net)
benefits
use
(net)
dends
(1 2 )
(13)
GO)
(6)
(4)
(5)
(7)
(8)
(ID
(9)
243
27
216
2
8
11
6
19
22
24
19
24
18
19
28
9
7
261
11
250
4
12
9
10
18
31
23
24
33
25
23
22
9
7
223
24
199
2
11
20
20
32
29
20
17
13
15
7
12
1
81
20
61
1
4
6
10
5
12
8
1
3
1
6
4
$48
17
57
20
57
43
36
39
47
37
55
71
66
82
143
166
357
$8
2
10
3
9
7
2
4
4
6
7
11
11
17
54
56
68
$7
1
9
9
9
3
1
6
3
3
6
14
8
22
29
81
113
$19
4
23
5
30
28
22
24
31
20
19
29
28
11
24
2
$2
$ 12
2
3
8
12
1
4
2
4
4
5
3
7
1
3
1
3
1
(**)4
5
2
6
7
20
16
19
28
31
27
176
TABULAE SUMMARY
All families___________________________
Relief families________________________
Nonrelief families_____________________
$0-$249...... ...................... ..................... ...
$250-$499.... ...............................................
$500-$749__............................................
$750-$999_..........................................
$1,000-$1,249__.......................................
$1,250-11,499...........................................
$1,500-$1,749...........................................
$l,750-$l,999-_......................................
$2,000-$2,249_......................................... .
$2,250-$2,499_................... ...................
$2,500-$2,999-...........................................
$3,000-$3,999............................................
$4,000-$4,999_...........................................
$5,000 and over____________________
Number of families receiving money income other than
earnings from—
1 See glossary for definition of “money income other than earnings.”
Averages are based on all families, column (2), whether or not they received money income other than earnings.
Includes money income other than earnings from sources other than those specified .including profits from business enterprises partially or wholly owned but not operated by family
members. See glossary for further definition of “profits.”
**$0.50 or less.
2
3
263
T
able
11.— N onm oney in com e from ow ned hom es: Number of fam ilies owning homes with and without mortgages; average rental valuey
average expense^ and average nonmoney income from home ownership; by income, 1935-36
264
PUEBLO, COLO.
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Income class
(1 )
All families....................................
Relief families...............................
Nonrelief families............ ............
$0-$249____________ _____ _
$250-$499......... ...................... .
$500-1749..................................
$750-$999..................................
$1,000-$1,249...........................
$1,250-$1,499______ _______
$1,500-81,749............................
$1,750-$1,999.............. .............
$2,000-82,249.................. .........
$2,250-82,499............................
$2,500-82,999............................
$3,000-83,999............................
$4,000-84,999...........................
$5,000 and over......................
All
(2 )
6,004
1,405
4, 599
41
111
298
493
666
648
628
533
366
270
239
2 11
55
40
Homes free from mortgage
Mortgaged homes
Families owning
Families owning
homes free from
mortgaged homes Average Average expense 3 Average Interest
Average Average Average
as per
Owning mortgage
non
nonrental
rental
homes 1
money
money ofcentage
value expense 3 income
value
3
rental
4
income 4 value
Number Percent
Number Percent
Interest Other
age *
age 5
( 10 )
( 12 )
(13)
(6)
(7)
(4)
(9)
(8)
(14)
(3)
(15)
(5)
(ID
2,642
376
2,266
14
51
90
173
‘ 244
356
305
257
242
159
168
138
35
34
1,429
176
1, 253
11
36
46
83
111
183
144
146
155
89
109
91
25
24
54
47
55
(t)
71
51
48
46
51
47
57
64
56
65
66
71
71
$302
184
319
194
252
197
199
230
266
271
316
354
362
400
500
473
623
$91
69
94
73
82
73
73
79
84
86
93
100
10 1
107
125
12 1
146
$ 2 11
1, 213
115
225
200
12 1
170
124
126
151
182
185
223
254
261
293
375
352
477
1,013
3
15
44
90
133
173
161
111
87
70
59
47
10
10
46
53
45
(t)
29
49
52
54
49
53
43
36
44
35
34
29
29
$281
209
295
180
225
193
208
245
259
289
316
347
371
385
386
594
564
$74
55
77
27
65
55
64
65
70
79
85
85
92
85
106
113
123
$86
$ 12 1
73
89
70
76
70
74
78
81
86
93
99
105
105
105
141
136
81
129
83
84
68
70
102
108
124
138
163
174
195
175
340
305
26
26
26
15
29
29
31
26
27
27
27
24
25
22
28
19
22
1 Includes all families occupying owned homes at any time during the report year, but excludes 6 families whose expenses exactly equaled the annual rental value of their homes.
Data for the latter families, however, are included in the computation of averages.
2 Based on estimate made by home owner, for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. This period averages, in general, approximately 12 months.
3 Expense for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. Expense other than interest, columns (7) and (13), estimated on basis of average relationship between rental
value and expense.
48 Nonmoney
income for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. Obtained by deducting estimated expense (including interest) from rental value.
Based on number of families owning homes, column (3).
t Percentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
WEST CENTRAL-KOOKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Number of families
JPUEBLO, COLO.
M onthly ren tal value: Number of home-owning fam ilies having homes with specified monthly rental value , by income , 1 9 3 5 -3 6 1
T a b l e 1 3 .—
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Income class
(1 )
$0-$249
$500-<R749
$750-$999.................. ...................
*1,000-$ 1,249 _
$1,2fi0-$1,499
$1,500-$1,749.........................
$1,750-$1,999.................................
$2,ono-$2,249
$2,2.10-$2)499 _____
$2,500-$2,999_...............................
$3,000-$3,999.................................
$4,000-$4,999_-.............................
$5,000 and over...........................
5, 940
1,389
4,551
39
109
296
488
655
640
621
531
363
268
238
209
54
40
2,632
378
2,254
14
51
89
172
245
355
302
256
242
159
167
135
33
34
44
27
50
36
47
30
35
37
56
49
48
67
59
70
65
61
85
Average
Number of home-owning families reporting monthly rental value of—
monthly
rental
value
of owned Under $5-$9 $10-$14 $15-$19 $20-$24 $25-$29 $30-$34 $35-$39 $40-$44 $45-$54 $55-$74 $75 and
over
homes 2 $5
(9)
(8 )
(10) (ID (1 2 ) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17)
(6)
(7)
(5)
$24. 90
17.10
26. 20
15.90
2 1.0 0
17.00
17.40
20.60
2 2 . 70
24„50
26.80
29. 60
30. 80
33.00
39.10
43. 40
51.00
1
1
81
41
40
299
105
194
1
2
12
6
11
10
4
6
2
~
5
420
87
333
7
13
29
53
51
69
40
33
17
1
5
24
44
44
28
20
10
2
2
10
6
414
54
360
523
54
469
296
14
282
278
9
269
141
9
132
2
8
10
2
6
3
2
7
15
40
35
44
44
25
31
27
5
4
3
4
13
29
28
29
46
34
42
26
4
5
6
2
1
26
54
81
69
48
29
19
10
3
1
•
14
24
46
92
78
59
61
36
29
17
4
1
66
13
15
20
16
26
15
9
3
128
3
125
30
21
1
29
21
1
3
694
13
17
15
20
25
4
8
1
1
2
3
2
1
8
2
9
1
3
1
TABULAR SUMMARY
All families. __
Relief families .
N onrelief families______ ______
Number Home-owning
families
of home
owning
and
Percent
renting
families Number age 3
(3)
(4)
(2 )
8
4
4
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as home-owning families
or as renting families according to their status at the date of interview.
2 Based on estimate made by home owner for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. Averages are based on the number of home-owning families, column (3).
3 Based on the number of home-owning and renting families, column (2).
to
05
Oi
266
PUEBLO, COLO.
T able
13.— M onthly rent: Number of renting fam ilies reporting specified monthly rent , by income , 1935-86
1
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
(1 )
All families...............
Relief families____
Nonrelief families..
$0-$249._............
$250-$499............
$500-$749_..........
$750-$999...........
$1,000-$1,249._..
$1,250-$1,499__
$1,500-$1,749__
$1,750-$1,999__
$2,000-$2,249— .
$2,250-$2,499_...
$2,500-$2,999___.
$3,000-$3,999__
$4,000-$4,999__
$5,000 and over.
5,940 3,308
1,389 1,011
4, 551 2, 297
39
25
109
58
296 207
488 316
655 410
640 285
621 319
531 275
363 121
268 109
238
71
209
74
21
54
40
$17.00
11.30
19. 50
16.50
13.10
13.10
14.00
16.80
18.40
20.40
23.50
25.40
27.10
27.60
32.00
38.00
42.50
13
528
332
196
878
416
462
19
67
108
125
63
40
18
8
5
4
1
1
693
160
533
9
11
48
81
115
89
86
55
14
12
10
3
451
51
400
2
4
15
44
61
63
90
58
30
16
10
5
2
334
183
118
21
8
1
37
36
1
313
175
117
37
2
1
10
12
4
1
1
46
34
45
71
28
30
12
17
3
2
35
$75
and Rent
over free4
(17) (18)
6
2
29
6
2
19
10
1
2
21
18
28
36
20
20
12
14
2
5
4
15
22
13
15
14
19
3
6
2
3
1
2
6
5
5
4
7
1
5
7
3
1
3
1
1
1
2
2
2
4
2
7
8
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as home-owning families
or as renting families according to their status at the date of interview.
2 Rent reported at date of interview. Averages are based on the number of renting families in each class that reported monthly rent, including families receiving rent free, the
amount of which was estimated by the family.
a Based on the number of home-owning and renting families, column (2 ).
4 Consists of families receiving rent as gift.
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
Renting
Number of renting families reporting monthly rent of—
Num ber families
of home
Average
owning
monthly
and
Per rent 2 Under
renting Num cent
$5 $5-$9 $10—$14 $15—$19 $20-$24 $25-$29 $30-$34 $35-$39 $40-$44 $45-$54 $55-$74
families ber age 3
(3)
(4)
(5) ( 6) (7) (8) (9) ( 10 ) (ID (12 ) (13) (14) (15) (16)
(2)
PUEBLO, COLO.
T able
14A.—Average monthlyrental
rentalvaluevalue
and average monthly rent: N um ber of hom e-owning and renting fa m ilies, average m onthly
, and average m onthly ren t , by occupation and incom e , 1 98 5-36 1
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Income class
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families 2
Average
monthly—
Number of
families
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families 2
Home Rent Home Rent Rental
Home Rent Home Rent Rental
owning ing owning ing value 3 Rent 4 owning ing owning ing value 3 Rent
(9)
( 12 ) (13)
(6)
(8)
( 10)
(4)
(7)
(6)
(3)
(2 )
(1 1 )
All nonrelief families «___ 1,189
$0-$499........................... .
18
172
$500-$999 .........................
$1,000-$1,499___............ .
366
344
$1,500-$1,999___________
242
$2,000-$2,999___________
$3,000-$4,999
46
$5,000 and over.
1
1,249
46
370
443
266
11 2
12
(t)
49
28
32
45
56
68
79
51 $23.00 $16. 50
72 16. 40 ii. eo
15. 70 12.90
68
55 20.20 16.50
44 24. 30 19.00
32 28. 30 23. 30
21
37.00 25.50
(*)
404
3
21
97
105
151
25
2
499
5
75
136
180
88
15
45
(t)
22
(t)
42
37
63
62
(t)
Number of
families
Average
monthly—
4
55 $27. 00 $21. 70
14. 20
20 . 00
78 17. 60 15. 30
58 22.20 18. 40
63 25. 60 24.50
37 30. 60 26. 30
38 36.00 26. 30
(*)
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families 2
Average
monthly—
Home Rent Home Rent Rental
owning ing owning ing value 3 R en t 4
(19)
(16)
(17)
(15)
(18)
(14)
586
15
50
117
105
171
97
31
514
14
70
112
146
98
68
6
47 $32. 60
53
(t)
42
51
42
64
59
84
(t)
58
49
58
36
41
16
20.20
20.40
26.10
29.20
34. 80
42. 40
52.00
$24.80
18.60
15.90
20.00
23.60
30.40
36. 30
42.50
TABULAR SUM M ARY
(1 )
Number of
families
Occupational group: Business and professional
Occupational group: Clerical
Occupational group: Wage earner
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as home-owning families
or as renting families according to their status at the date of interview.
2 Based on the number of home-owning and renting families in the respective occupational group.
3 Based on estimate made by home owner for period of ownership and occupancy during the report year. Averages are based on the number of home-owning families as of end
of report year.
4 Rent as reported at date of interview. Averages in this column are based on the number of families reporting monthly rent, including families receiving rent as gift, the amount
of which is estimated by the family.
« Of the families classified in the occupational group “Other,” 110 did not change their living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Of the latter
group, 75 families, or 68 percent, were owning families. Their average monthly rental value was $24.30. The remaining 35 families, or 32 percent, were renting families. Their average
monthly rent was $18.30.
fPercentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
to
268
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
PUEBLO , COLO.
15-16.— Type of living quarters: N um ber and 'percentage of ow ning an d
renting fa m ilies occupying specified types of living quarters, by tenure and
T ables
incom e, 1 93 5-36
1
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Income class
(1 )
Owning families, all.
Relief families_____
Nonrelief families.__
$0-$949
$950-$499
$500-$749_............
$750-$999_______
$1,000-$1,249___
$1,250-$1,499___
$l,500-$i,749___
$1,750-$1,999___
$2,000-$2,249___
$2,250-$2,499___
$2,500-$2.999___
$3,000-$3,999___
$4,000-$4,999___
$5,000 and over.
Renting families, all.
Relief families-------Nonrelief fam ilies...
$0-$249................
$250-$499..............
$500-$749__..........
$750-$999______
$1,000-$1,249___
$1,250-$1,499___
$1,500-$1,749___
$1,750-$1,999___
$2,000-$2,249___
$2,250-$2,499___
$2,500-$2,999___
$3,000-$3,999___
$4,000-$4,999___
$5,000 and over..
Number of families occupying—
Num
ber of One- Twofamilies family family Apart
Other a
house house ment
(6)
(4)
(5)
(2 )
(3)
2,632
378
2, 254
14
51
89
172
245
355
302
256
242
159
167
135
33
34
3,308
1 , Oil
2,297
25
58
207
316
410
285
319
275
12 1
109
71
74
21
6
2,484
361
2,123
13
42
81
163
237
335
291
240
230
i50
156
123
30
32
2, 474
780
1,694
14
37
147
242
303
198
236
2 11
94
82
50
57
19
4
73
12
61
6
3
5
4
7
5
8
7
2
5
6
2
1
336
10 1
235
6
4
19
27
39
37
43
22
10
12
6
8
1
1
45
5
40
3
3
2
1
3
3
5
4
6
4
5
Percentage of families occupying 2—
Onefamily
house
(7)
Twofamily
house
(8)
94
96
94
3
3
3
30
30
1
(t )
2
2
3
10
3
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
407
ill
296
4
10
32
34
51
38
36
37
17
13
14
8
1
1
91
19
72
1
7
9
13
17
12
4
5
(t )
2
1
1
(t )
(t )
82
92
95
97
94
96
94
95
94
94
91
91
94
75
77
74
64
72
76
74
70
74
77
78
75
71
77
Apart Other s
ment
2
6
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
3
1
3
4
6
3
4
2
4
3
10
12
10
10
13
3
(t)
(t )
17
15
11
12
13
13
14
11
12
20
11
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
11
8
8
11
8
11
(t )
(t )
1
(t )
3
2
2
2
7
9
9
10
13
14
1
1
2
12
(t )
(10 )
(9)
2
3
(t)
12
4
4
4
4
1
2
2
1
1
(t )
(t)
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the ena of the report year and
the date of interview.
2 Percentages are based on number of families in each class, column (2).
* Includes dwelling units in business buildings, other types of living quarters not elsewhere specified,
and unknown types of living quarters.
•[Percentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
JO.5 percent or less.
PUEBLO , COLO.
T able
17.— Members ofof household
not in economic family: N um ber of fa m ilies having persons in the household who were not members
the economic fa m ily, and average num ber of such n on fam ily m em bers , by incom e , 1 98 5-86
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Number of families having in the household nonfamily members of
specified type 1
Income class
(2 )
All families................................ 6,004
Relief families______________ 1,405
4, 599
Nonrelief families.................
41
$0-$249..................................
111
$250-$499..............................
$500-$749..........................
298
$750-$999............................ .
493
$1,000-$1,249........................
666
$1,250-$1.499........................
648
$1,500-$1,749........................
628
$1,750-$1,999........................
533
$2JftOO-$2,249
366
$2,250-$2,499_......................
270
$2,500-$2.999........................
239
$3,000-$3,999........................
2 11
$4,000-$4,999........................
55
$5,000 and over..................
40
(3)
1,438
275
1,163
5
16
57
104
135
160
177
124
93
85
78
81
25
23
Occupying rooms on nontransient
basis
Sons and Other
daughters roomers
rooming with
and
boarding board
(5)
(4)
311
74
237
13
12
9
39
18
27
39
29
23
15
6
5
2
216
36
180
2
4
16
21
16
26
33
19
14
14
6
7
2
Room
ers
with Paid
help
out
board
(6)
(7)
126
32
94
2
9
13
14
11
15
5
3
7
8
5
1
1
232
30
202
6
7
17
13
19
29
17
10
23
31
14
16
Board
ers
with
out
room
(8)
14
3
11
3
2
3
Occupying rooms on nontransient
basis
All
Tour
non
ists
and Quests family Sons and Other
mem daughters roomers
tran
bers rooming with
sients
and
boarding board
(13)
( 12 )
( 10 )
(9)
(ID
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
903
170
733
3
9
29
65
85
104
122
76
59
58
53
53
12
5
0.4
0.5
.4
.5
1 .2
.5
.5
.5
5
.4
.6
.5
.5
.5
.2
.4
(**)
.6
.6
.6
.8
.2
.2
1.0
.8
.8
(*)
.3
.4
.5
.4
.3
.7
0.9
.7
.9
(*)
1.0
.9
.8
1 .1
.8
.7
1.4
.8
1.0
8
1 .2
(*)
Room
ers
with Paid
help
out
board
(14)
(15)
1 .0
1 .0
.9
(*)
.8
1.1
.9
.7
.8
.8
.9
1.0
1.0
1.7
(*)
(*)
0.5
.5
.5
.3
.3
.4
.4
.3
.5
.3
.6
.8
.6
.8
.9
Board
ers
with
out
room
(16)
0.3
.6
.2
Tour
ists
and Quests
tran
sients
(17)
(18)
0.6
0 .2
.6
.2
.2
.1
.1
.2
.1
.2
.2
.5
(*)
(**)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
TABULAR SUMMARY
(1)
Num
ber of Any
fam non
ilies family
mem
ber
Average number of nonfamily members of specified type * (based on
families having such members)
.2
.2
(*)
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
269
1 Excludes a small number of families which had nonfamily members in the household but which did not report the duration of their membership.
3
Averages in each column are based on the corresponding counts of families, in columns (3) through (10). The number of nonfamily members is expressed in terms of yearequivalent persons. This figure is computed for each family by dividing by 52 the total number of weeks of residence in the household for all nonmembers of the economic family.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
**0.05 or less.
270
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
P U E B L O , COLO.
18.—Age of husbands and wives: N um ber of husbands and num ber oj
T able
w ives , by age and fa m ily incom e , 1 93 5-36
[White iamilies including husband and wife, both native born- All occupational groups and all familytypes combined]
Income class
0
)
Num
ber
report
ing Under 20-29
age 1
20
(2 )
(3)
(4)
Number with ages of—
30-39
40-49
(5)
(6)
50-59
60-64
65-69
(7)
(8)
(9)
1
and
70-74 75over
GO)
(ID
Husbands
All families...............
Percentage-----------Relief families_____
Nonrelief fam ilies..
$0-$249.... .........__
$250-$499________
$500-$749________
$750-$999
___
$1,000-$1,249____
$1,250-$1,499 . . .
$1,500-$l,749_____
$1,750-$1,999 ___
$2,000-$2,249____
$2,250-$2,499 ___
$2,500-$2,999____
$3,000-$3,999_____
$4,000-$4,999____
$5,000 and over___
6,004
100.0
1, 405
4, 599
41
111
298
493
666
648
628
533
366
270
239
2 11
55
40
(t)
2
879
1 4 .6
1
1
1
263
616
4
12
63
134
132
93
87
47
15
11
7
5
4
2
1,690
28.2
329
1,361
5
19
93
130
228
210
223
192
100
61
51
37
7
5
1,485
24.8
280
1,205
5
17
48
99
143
159
161
157
134
97
80
74
18
13
1,0 2 1
17.0
242
779
3
18
37
69
90
99
97
86
69
67
65
53
18
376
6.3
79
297
2
17
33
31
39
29
30
26
18
20
23
21
253
4.2
85
168
6
11
19
12
22
22
14
12
10
10
10
14
3
3
8
2
6
830
13.8
196
634
247
4-1
60
187
177
8.0
6
22
16
17
11
23
26
24
12
17
11
9
17
1
11
171
2.8
64
107
9
9
9
12
14
17
9
127
2.1
62
65
7
8
7
2
1
4
6
9
8
3
4
3
2
1
1
2
75
1.3
29
46
4
57
0.9
30
27
4
4
7
7
5
3
4
2
4
6
8
3
4
4
Wives
All families_______ 6,002
Percentage........... . 100.0
Relief families_____ 1, 405
Nonrelief fam ilies.. 4, 597
$0-$249...... .............
41
111
$250-$499.... .........
$500-$749________
298
$750-$999________
493
$1,000-$1,249_____
666
$1,250-$1,499_____
647
$1,500-$1,749_____
627
$1,750-$1,999_____
533
$2,000-$2,249____
366
270
$2,250-$2,499...:_.
239
$2,500-$2,999_____
$3,000-$3,999„_
2 11
$4,000-$4,999_____
55
40
$5,000 and over...
63
1.0
32
31
3
7
8
3
6
2
1
1
1,404
28.4
371
1, 033
3
19
95
174
210
162
148
102
48
29
21
14
4
4
Excludes 2 wives who did not report rge.
t0.05 percent or less.
1
1,746
29.1
340
1,406
4
23
74
135
203
195
227
200
119
85
69
52
10
10
1,403
23. 4
281
1,1 2 2
5
17
52
86
130
154
143
140
114
85
82
76
27
11
33
59
76
81
67
64
56
53
52
42
10
13
2
1
66
111
9
13
12
12
12
9
7
4
10
3
6
2
1
3
6
3
1
1
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
271
TABULAR SUMMARY
PUEBLO , COLO.
19.—Reportof year:
N um ber and percentage distribu tion of fa m ilies by date
end of report year , by occupation , 1 93 5-86
T able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Occupational group
All Relief
Date of end of fam
fam
report year
ilies ilies
(1 )
(2 )
Business and professional
All
Independent
Salaried
Wage Cleri busi
Other
earner cal
ness
and Busi Profes Busi Profes
profes ness sional ness sional sional
(5)
( 10 )
(6)
(7)
(9)
(8)
( 12 )
(1 1 )
All
(4)
(3)
Number of families
All dates______ 6,004 1,405 4, 599 2, 460
Dec. 31, 1935___ 608 116 492 228
Jan. 31, 1936___
1
4
3
Feb. 29 1936___
725 199 526 279
Mar. 31, 1936.
Apr. 30, 1936.... 698 198 500 297
556
May 31,1936... 1,413 340 1,073
89 359 183
June 30, 1936.... 448
July 31, 1936.-. 2,040 454 1, 586 888
35
17
37
2
Aug. 31, 1936.
12
4
27
Sept. 30, 1936.— 31
Oct. 31,1936___
Nov. 30, 1936--.
917
109
1
106
90
224
76
298
6
7
,
1 111
145
134
10 1
267
88
358
10
8
509
76
69
9
57
49
130
39
153
3
7
25
3
19
6
2
311
33
222
111
27
10
42
19
29
116
4
7
12
26
12
42
2
29
26
46
17
70
3
4
66
2
Percentage
All dates______ 100
Dec. 31, 1935.
10
Jan. 31, 1936 „
Feb. 29, 1936.__ (t)
12
Mar. 31, 1936...
12
Apr. 30, 1936.__
24
May 31, 1936.__
8
June 30, 1936___
July 31, 1936....
33
Aug. 31, 1936...
1
Sept. 30, 1936 . (t)
Oct. 31, 1936—_
Nov. 30, 1936 .
to.5 percent or less.
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
8
11
9
12
13
15
13
11
12
9
9
10
36
4
28
6
21
(t)
14
14
25
6
33
(t)
(t)
(t)
11
11
23
8
34
1
1
11
12
23
7
37
1
(t)
(t)
12
10
24
8
32
1
1
12
11
10
9
24
8
32
1
1
26
8
29
(t)
1
14
9
37
1
1
13
12
21
8
31
1
2
6
11
23
11
38
2
272
T able
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
1.—Family type:
N um ber of fa m ilies of specified types an d average num ber
of persons per fa m ily , by incom e , 1 93 5 -8 6
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combined]
Average number
of persons per
family 3
Number of families of type *■
Other than
husband
All and wife
VII VIII Other mem
bers Un 16
der and
16 over
(9) GO) ( 1 1 ) (1 2 ) (13) (14)
Income class
(1 )
All
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
796
124
672
689 1,2 0 2
149 199
540 1,003
596
131
465
5
6
30
53
67
61
55
52
33
30
29
16
8
7
3
7
3
551
146
405
All families................. 5, 925 1,287
Relief families______ 1,198 213
Nonrelief families__ 4, 727 1,074
113 80
$0-$249
$250-$499............ — 174 88
$500-$749............ — 428 126
$750-$999............ — 779 181
$1,000-$1,249........... 808 167
$1,250-$1,499_.......... 536 104
$1,500-$1,749........... 497 103
$1,750-$1,999............ 399 66
$2,000-$2,249............ 257 45
$2,250-$2,499............ 227 33
$2,500-$2,999 ......... 218 38
$3,000-$3,499........... 126 18
8
$3,500-$3,999........... 51
$4 nnn-.$4J4QQ
4
38
4
$4,500-$4,999........... 22
8
$5,000-$7,499 _____ 42
8
$7,500-$9,999
4
1
$10,000 and over 3„
8
25
64
124
140
84
70
59
33
18
18
12
6
7
1
3
2
5
44
119
63
64
39
23
18
18
12
3
12 1
2
3
1
1
12
34
99
136
148
114
93
104
52
64
70
35
15
11
4
9
1
2
7
38
90
38
47
25
14
100
12
12
13
2
3
2
1
1
452
145
307
3
5
17
48
47
32
28
29
32
27
15
9
5
3
3
6
169
147
183
69
114
2
2
1
2
22
5
17
10
21
20
12
13
17
7
10
2
2
2
4
1
5
6
13
17
17
13
12
8
13
1
2
1
1
1
1
4.0
4.6
3.9
2.7
3.0
3.6
3.8
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.1
4.4
4.4
4.3
4.1
4.3
4. 5
4.7
4.4
5.8
3.2
1.3
0.7
1 .8
1.2
.8
.4
.6
1.1
1.4
1.4
1.3
1.4
1.2
1.4
1 .2
1 .1
1.0
1.0
1.2
1.3
1.2
1. 6
.8
.7
.3
.4
.5
.4
.5
.7
.7
.9
1 .0
1 .2
1 .2
1 .1
1.4
1. 3
1.4
1.2
2 .1
.5
1 Family type:
I. 2 persons. Husband, and wife only.
II. 3 persons. Husband, wife, 1 child under 16, and no others.
III. 4 persons. Husband, wife, 2 children under 16, and no others.
IV. 3 or 4 persons. Husband, wife, 1 person 16 or over, and 1 or no other person, regardless of age.
V. 5 or 6 persons. Husband, wife, 1 child under 16,1 person 16 or over, and 1 or 2 other persons, regard
less of age.
VI. 6 or 6 persons. Husband, wife, 3 or 4 children under 16 and no others.
VII. 7 or 8 persons. Husband, wife, 1 child under 16, 4 or 5 other persons, regardless of age.
VIII. 5 or 6 persons. Husband, wife, 3 or 4 persons 16 or over.
Other. 7 or more persons. All types not included in I through VIII.
2 These are year-equivalent persons. The sum of columns (13) and (14) plus 2 (husband and wife) does
not always equal column (12). For the methods used in deriving these averages see glossary.
3 Largest income reported between $10,000 and $15,000.
273
TABULAR SUMMARY
T able
1A.— Family type:
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
N um ber of fa m ilies of specified types and average
num ber of persons per fa m ily , by occupation ana in com e , 1 9 3 5 -8 6
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born]
Number of families of type l-
Income class
and occupational
group
(1 )
All
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Average number
of persons per
family 2
Other than
husb:and
All ana avife
VII VIII Other mem
bers Un 16
der and
16 over
(9) (10 ) (ID (12 ) (13) (14)
Wage earner
All nonrelief families. 2,567 510 391 310 506 237 269 182
2
4
$0-$249 ........................ 30 15
2
2
2
4 13
5
3
$250-$499...................... 91 38 20
5
$500-$749...................... 313 84 55 36 66 17 32 14
$750-$999__.................. 583 117 91 100 96 42 88 38
$1,000—$1,249................ 518 96 92 73 87 44 67 34
$1,250-$1,499............... 317 61 49 36 60 39 29 16
$1,500-$1,749................ 269 48 38 36 49 27 26 18
52 23 11
19
$1,750-$1,999................ 176 20 25 12
5 16
$2,000-$2,249................ 105 16 10
5 21
15
5
1
23 10
9
11
2
$2,250-$2,499................ 72
3
4
4
4 22
7
4
$2,500-$2,999................ 58
1
1
8
2
3
$3,000-$3,499................ 18
$aJfinn-$aJ0Q9
1
1
2
3
8
$4, non-$4,409
2
2
$4'5nn-.$4'999
1
1
2
$fiJ0n0-$7J409
1
1
4
2
1
$7,500-$9,999...............
$10,000 and over____
Clerical
A 11 nonrelief families. 937 188 140 1 1 1 224 92 73 56
4
$0-$249_........................
4
2
2
1
8
3
$250-$499.....................
2
$500-$749_.................... 33 10
4 12
3
2
20
$750-$999...................... 97 23 22
12
7
5
8
9 15
6
$1,000-$1,249__............ 149 31 31 25 30
$1,250-$! ,499............... 134
19 25 20 35 14
6
7
i4
29 12
11
$1,500-$1,749__............ 113 24
5
11
24 20 14 26 15 10
6
$1,750-$1,999............... 122
$2;nnn-.$2r249
75 14 12
19
5
8
7
6
$2,250-$2,499._............ 72 10
5 10
14 1 1
3
8
5
$2,500-$2,999............... 79 18
5 24 1 1
4
6
2
7
2
9
4
3
$3,000-$3,499_.............. 36
6
$3,600-$3;999
1
2
7
2
$4,nnn-$4)499
1
4
2
.$4;Rnn-$4:999
1
2
$^000-$?, 499
1
2
$7,500-$9,999_..............
$10,000 and over____
Independent
business
All nonrelief families. 515 137 60 55 114 62 30 37
$0-$249
_ ._
1
1
10
8
.$250-$499
1
1
1
1
24 15
2
3
$500-$749
1
55 17
6
3 13 1 1
3
15
$750-$999...................... 69 24 10
4
3
2
8
10
14 16
$1,000-$1,249................ 81 21
4
7
6
4
$1,250-$1,499................ 51 14
4 15
4
2
6
6
$1,60C-$1,749................ 56 1 1
9
7 10
4
6
$1,750-$1,999
34
8
3
5
8
6
2
$2;0nn-$2J249 .
1
32
3
4
6
6
5
6
2
35
4
13
$2,250-$2,499
4
4
7
1
1
5
4
4
7
$2,500-$2,999
26
3
$3,000-^3,499
1
1
1
1
2
2
9
$3J500-.$3.999
1
2
1
1
1
3
10
$4,000-414,499...
4
2
9
3
$4,500-.l!4r999
1
1
2
$3J000-w$7J499
1
1
1
9
3
3
$7,K00-$9,999
1
1
2
1
i
$10,000 and over 3__
See footnotes at end of table.
84
78
2
1
1
2
4
7
14
13
14
8
7
8
3
3
5
4
14
13
11
6
10
3
7
1
1
35
18
4.1
3.3
3.2
3.7
3.9
4.0
4.1
4.3
1,2
4.8
4.7
4.8
4.4
5. 5
(*)
(*)
5. 8
(*)
3.9
2 .0
2 .8
2
6
5
2
4
7
3
3
2
2
5
4
3
2
1
1
1
10
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
10
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
3.3
3.6
3.6
3.9
3.9
4.0
3.9
4.7
4.2
4. 2
5.1
7.8
(*)
(*)
3.8
2.5
2.8
3.4
3.4
3.7
3.9
4.2
4.0
4.4
4.5
4.1
3.9
5.0
4.0
(*)
4.4
(*)
(*)
1.4
.8
.8
1.2
1.5
1.5
1.4
1.5
1.1
1.4
0.7
.5
.4
.5
.4
.5
.7
.8
1.1
1.4
1.7
1.7
.5 1.9
.5 3.0
(*)
(*) (*)
1.8
2 .0
(*) (*)
1 .0
1.1
1 .2
.6
.8
1 .2
1 2
1.2
1.1
1.2
1 2
.
.
1.5
1 .1
1 .0
.6
.7
.2
.5
.4
.4
.7
.8
.8
.7
1 .2
1 .1
1 .2
2. 5
l. 5 4. 3
(*) (*)
(*)
1 .1
.4
.6
.7
.9
1.2
1 .0
1 .6
1 2
1. 5
1. 5
1.4
.8
1.9
1.1
1 .0
(*)
(*)
.7
.1
.2
.7
.5
.5
.9
.6
.8
.9
.7
1 .0
1.1
1.1
.9
1.4
(*)
(*)
274
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
1A.—Family type: N um ber of fa m ilies of specified types and average
num ber of persons per fa m ily , by occupation and incom e, 1 9 3 5 -3 6 —Continued
T able
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born]
Average number
of persons per
fam ily 2
Number of families of type lIncome class
and occupational
group
All
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
)
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
9
18
9
4
0
Independent professional
All noDrelief families. 72
$0-$249..........................
2
$250-$499.....................
$500-$749.....................
$750-$999___________
4
$1,000-$1,249_______
5
$1,250-$1,499_______
3
$1,500-$1,749_______
8
$1,750-$1,999_______
3
$2,000-$2,249—........ .
7
$2,250-$2,499_______
12
$2,500-$2,999~........ _
4
$3,000-$3,499-........ .
$3,500-$3,999_______
5
1
$4,000-$4,499...............
3
$4,500-$4,999...............
$5,000-$7,499_______
9
4
$7,500-$9,999 _
2
$10,000 and ovev 3 __
Salaried business
AH nonrelief families 272
$0-$249____________
1
$250-$499__________
$500-$749__________
2
$750-$999___________
2
$1,000-$1,249—........... 17
$1,250-$1,499............. . 11
$1,500-$1,749............... 26
$1,750-$1,999............... 33
$2,000-$2,249............... 25
$2,250-$2,499............... 28
$2,500-$2,999__............ 25
42
$3,nnn-$3,4QA
$3,500-$3,999—............ 15
$4,000-$4,499_______ 19
$4,500-$4,999............... 10
$5,000-$7,499............... 14
1
$7,500-$9,999__............
$10,000 and over3. __
1
15
1
2
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
57
4
3
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
2
3
2
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
43
2
1
1
1
32
56
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
37
19
16
1
8
1
4
1
3
9
8
3
7
5
5
5
2
2
2
4
i
2
2
7
4
5
5
5
5
2
3
1
1
3
3
3
4
3
3
1
6
1
2
1
3
1
2
7
4
6
9
11
3
4
2
3
4.0
1 .1
(*)
1
1
See footnotes at end of table.
8
Other than
husband
All and wife
VII VIII Other mem
bers Un 16
der and
16 over
(9) GO) (ID (12 ) (13) (14)
3
2
3
4
2
3
3
5
3
4
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
6
3
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
2
1
0.9
(*)
2.5
4.5
40
2.9
3.0
3.6
5.1
3.0
3.6
(*)
4.0
5. 2
4.8
(*)
.
.7
13 15
(*) (*)
3.9
1 .2
.3
.
.5
1 .0
.9
1. 3
.5
1 2
2 .0
1 .2
.2
1.4
.4
.7
1 .8
.5
.4
2 .0
2 6
.7
(*) (*)
(*) (*) (*)
(*) (*)
4.0 1.5
.5
3.9 1.5
.4
3.3 1 .0
.3
3.8 1 . 2
.6
4.5 1.7
.8
3. 7 1.3 ,4
3.5
.7
.8
4.0 1 . 2
.8
3.5
.9
.6
4.5 1.5 1 .0
4.0 1 . 1
.9
.6
3.8
1. 2
(*) (*) (*)
(•)
275
TABULAR SUMMARY
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
1A.— -Family type: N um ber of fa m ilies of specified types and average
num ber of persons per fa m ily , by occupation and incom e , 1 9 8 5 -8 6 •—Continued
T able
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native-born]
Average number
of persons per
family 2
Number of families of type
Income class and
occupational group
(1 )
All
I
II
III
IV
\rV
VI
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
40
23
9
3
2
3
4
4
2
3
1
Salaried professional
All nonrelief families 159
1
$0-$249 _________
2
$250-$499___________
$500-$749___________
5
$750-$999 __________
$1,000-$1,249_______ 19
11
$1,250-$1,499.............
$1,500-$1,749_...........
19
$1,750-$1,999.............
25
$2,000-$2,249............... 16
$2,250-$2,499...........
13
$2,500-$2,999__........... 17
$3,000-$3,499_______ 17
5
$3,500-$3,999-..............
$4 nnn-$4J499
3
$4 snn-$4 999 .
3
nnn-$7 499
3
$7,500-$9,999._...........
$10,000 and over___
Other *
All nonrelief families. 205
$0-$249 - .................... 68
46
$250-$499 ..................
25
$500-$749 . ____
$750-$999 ............
23
$1 000-$l,249_„
20
7
$1 250-$1,499 _
$i
749
$1 7.5fl-$l 999
$9. nnn_$9 949
$2*250-$2,499_..............
$2 500-$2 999
$3,’000-$3,499........... _
$a Ron-$a 999
$4,000-$4,499............. .
fci snn-$4J999
$5 000-$7,499____
$7 500-$9,999—
$10 000 and over.
Other than
husband
All and wife
VII VIII Other mem
bers Un 16
der and
16 over
(9) ( 10 ) ( 1 1 ) (12 ) (13) (14)
11
1
1
1
24
28
6
1
4
3
3
3
1
4
3
5
1
4
6
2
1
1
3
2
4
5
3
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
2
3
1
3
7
2
6
5
3
5
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
6
1
5
45
5
8
2
14
7
4
1
1
8
3
1
1
|
1
1.4
1.2
1 .1
1.1
1 2
1 .0
.
.9
1
1
1
1
6
2
2 .6
.2
1
2.4
2.5
.2
.1
.3
.3
.2
.4
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2 .8
2 .8
2 .8
2 .0
2.7
1
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
0.8
(*)
.8
1
1
1
I
1 .0
1
1
139
52
30
15
15
11
7
7
1
1
3.8
(*)
(*)
3.6
3.9
44
3.5
3.7
3. 6
3. 8
4.0
4.3
3. 6
3.2
5. 7
3.7
2
2
1
1
5
1
1
1
1
22
1
1
1.2
.2
1. 7
.3
(*)
.8
.5
.
.4
.6
.4
1 2
.8
1.1
1.1
1.4
1.2
2 .0
1.4
.4
.2
.4
.5
.5
.6
.3
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
1
For footnotes 1 and 2, see table 1 on p. 272.
3 Largest income reported between $10,000 and $15,000.
4 This group contains 9 families engaged in farming, a group too small to be separately classified, and
families having no gainfully employed members.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
276
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
2.— Sources of family income: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving incom e from
specified sources and average am ount of such incom e , by in com e , 1 93 5-36
T able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family
types combined]
Number of families receiving—
Incomo class
(1 )
All fam ilies.................................. .
Relief families...............................
Nonre-ief fam ilies_____________
$0-$249........................................
$250-$499............ .....................
$500-$749.................................
$750-$999_.................................
$1,000-$1,249_...........................
$1,250-$1,499.............................
$1,500-$1,749._.......... ..............
$1,750-$1,999_...........................
$2,000-$2,249________ ______
$2,250-$2,499.............................
$2,500-$2,999.......................
$3,000-$3,999.............................
$4,000-$4,999.............................
$5,000 and o v e r ......................
Number
of
families
(2 )
5,925
1,198
4,727
113
174
428
779
808
536
497
399
257
227
218
177
60
54
Money income from—
Other
sources
Earnings 1 (positive
or nega
tive) 8
(3)
(4)
5,625
1,097
4, 528
44
127
405
757
789
530
488
398
257
227
217
176
60
53
1,016
197
819
18
59
67
80
113
97
87
74
48
39
50
48
18
21
Nonmoney income from—
Any
sources
(5)
2,430
287
2,143
65
107
143
238
298
270
219
182
139
140
151
111
40
40
Owned
home
(positivo
or nega
tive) *
(6)
2,393
280
2.113
65
106
142
236
295
265
215
177
139
139
150
106
39
39
Rent as
pay
(7)
37
7
30
1
1
2
3
5
4
6
1
1
5
1
1
1 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
8 Includes 998 families, 803 of which were nonrelief, which had money income other than earnings and no
business losses met from family funds: 14 families, 12 of which were nonrelief, which had business losses met
from family funds and no money income other than earnings, and 4 families, all of which were nonrelief,
which had both money income and business losses met from family funds. There were, therefore, 1,002
families, 807 of which were nonrelief, which had money income other than earnings, whether or not they
had business losses met from family funds; and there were 18 families, 15 of which were nonrelief, which had
business losses met from family funds, whether or not they had money income other than earnings. These
latter 15 families were found in the following income classes: $250—$499, 1; $500-$749, 1; $750-$999, 2; $1,000$1,249, 4; $1,250-$1,499, 2 ; $1,500-$1,749, 2 ; $1,750-$1,999, 2; $2,500-$2,999, 1 . See glossary for definitions of
“money income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
3 The total of the numbers of families in columns (6) and (7), since no family reported nonmoney incomo
from both sources.
* Includes families with losses from owned homes, as well as families whose estimated rental value of
owned homes for the period of ownership and occupancy exceeded estimated expenses allocable to that
period. There were 21 families, 14 of which were nonrelief, with losses from owned homes (i. e., families
whose estimated rental value was less than estimated expenses). The latter 14 families were found in the
following income classes: $0-$249, 2; $250-$499, 2; $750-$999,1; $1,250-$1,499,1; $1,500-$1,749,1; $1,750-$ 1,999, 2;
$2,000-$2,249, 2 ; $2,500-$2,999, 3. Excludes 1 family whose estimated rental value of owned homo was equal
to estimated expenses.
277
TABULAR SUMMARY
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
2.— Sources of family income: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving incom e from
specified sources , and average am ount of such in com e , by in com e , 1 9 3 5 -3 6 1—Con.
T able
Average family income
Money income from—
Income class
Total
(1 )
(2 )
All families______ ________ 8$1,312
556
Relief families....... ........... .
Nonrelief f a m i l i e s ______ 8 1, 504
$0-$249_.............................
131
$250-$499_...................
398
$500-$749_____________
642
$750-$999_____________
873
$1,000-$1,249.....................
1,114
$1,250-$1,499__________
1, 364
$1,500-$1,749__________
1, 607
1,858
$1,750-$1,999_..................
$2,000-$2,249.....................
2,106
$2,250-$2,499__________
2, 360
2,729
$2,500-$2,999.....................
$3,000-$3,999.....................
3, 364
$4,000-$4,999.....................
4,392
6,807
$5,000 and over..............
All
sources
Earn
ings 3
(3)
(4)
$1,232
530
1,409
58
297
591
827
1, 053
1, 271
1, 522
1,755
1,988
2,193
2,538
3,159
4,119
6, 446
$1,175
493
1,349
48
237
548
795
1,009
1 ,2 2 2
1,461
1, 694
1,935
2,136
2,467
3, 028
3,935
5,725
Nonmoney income from—
Other
sources
(positive
or nega
tive) 3
(5)
$57
37
60
10
60
43
32
44
49
61
61
53
57
71
131
184
721
All
sources
(6)
$80
26
95
73
10 1
51
46
61
93
85
103
118
167
191
205
273
361
Owned
home
(positivo
or nega
tive) 4
(7)
$79
25
93
73
100
50
45
60
90
82
99
118
165
188
195
264
354
Rent ay
pay
(8)
$1
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
3
4
2
3
9
7
10
1
The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2 ) of table 2 , whether or not they received
income from the specified source. Averages in columns (2 ), (3), (5). (6), and (7) are net figures, after deduc
tion for all families of business losses met from family funds or expenses for owned homes.
3 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
3 Includes money income other than earnings, after deduction of business losses met from family funds.
See glossary for definitions of “money income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
4 Represents the estimated rental value of owned homes for the period of ownership and occupancy, less
estimated expenses allocable to that period.
8 Median income for all families was $1,111; for nonrelief families, $1,279.
278
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
A.— Sources of family income: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving incom e
specified sources , and average am ount of such incom e , by occupation and
T able 2
from
incom e , 1 98 5-36
White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Number of families receiving—
Income class and
occupational group
(1 )
Wage earner
All nonrelief families....................
$0-$499................................................
$50O-$999........................................$1,000-$1,499................................—
$1,500-$1,999......................................
$2,000-$2,999.....................................
$3,000-$4,999...................... ..............
$5,000 and over________________
Clerical
All nonrelief families...................
$0-$499 ___________________
.$50n-$999 ___________________
$1,000-$1,499......................................
$1,500-$1,999.....................................
$2,000-$2,999.....................................
$3,000-$4,999_...................................
$5,000 and over________________
Business and professional
All nonrelief families___________
$0-$499_..............................................
$500-$999_........................................ .
$1,000-$1,499................................... .
$1,500-$1,999......................................
$2,000-$2,999.....................................
$3,000-$4,999__.................................
$5,000 and o v e r___________________
Other
All nonrelief families___________
Number of
families
(2 )
Money income from—
Other
sources
Earnings 1 (positive
or nega
tive) 2
(3)
(4)
2,567
2,567
12 1
12 1
Non money income from—
Owned
home
(positive
or nega
tive) 4
(6)
Any
source 3
(5)
Rent as
pay
(7)
327
17
68
107
73
53
9
1,035
52
248
341
221
150
20
3
1,024
51
245
338
218
150
405
4
30
109
90
137
33
403
4
30
107
90
137
33
896
835
445
235
30
5
896
835
445
235
30
5
937
937
134
12
12
2
20
2
130
283
235
226
49
130
283
235
226
49
14
34
30
40
13
1,018
40
133
199
204
239
157
46
1,015
37
133
199
204
239
157
46
224
9
19
43
48
43
43
19
537
520
22
64
98
79
142
98
34
22
64
95
73
140
92
34
205
9
134
166
166
2
2
1
2
11
1
3
3
3
]
2
2
2
17
3
6
2
6
1 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
2 Includes families having money income other than earnings, families having business losses met from
family funds, and families having both such income and such losses. See glossary for definitions of “money
income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
3 The total of the numbers of families in columns (6) and (7), since no family reported nonmoney income
from both sources.
4 Includes families with losses from owned homes, as well as families whose estimated rental value of
owned homes for the period of ownership and occupancy exceeded estimated expenses allocable to that
period.
279
TABULAR SUMMARY
DUBUQUE, IOW A
T
2 A.— Sources of fam ily in com e: Number of families receiving income
from specified sources, and average amount of such income, by occupation and
income, 1935-36 1— Continued
able
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Average family income
Money income from—
Income class and
occupational group
Total
(1)
(2)
Wage earner
All nonrelief families --------- *$1,251
$0-$499._.................................351
$500-$999__-....................— 793
$1,000-$1,499______________
1,206
$1,500-$1,999______________
1,713
$2,000-$2,999.......................... 2,348
$3,000-$4,999______ _______
3,550
$5,000 and over___________
6,265
Clerical
All nonrelief fam ilies........... *1,694
$0-$499......................................
333
$500-$999._...............................
824
$1,000-$1,499............................
1,233
$1,500-$1,999._.........................
1,729
$2,000-$2,999__.........................
2,405
$3,000-$4,999............................
3,415
$5,000 and over............-.........
(*)
Business and professional
All nonrelief fam ilies........... *2,152
$0-$4Q9
325
$500-$999........ ..........................
764
$1,000-$1,499..........................
1,223
1,724
$1,500-$1,999.__.......................
$2,000-$2,999_.........................
2, 394
3,703
$3,000-$4,999_.........................
$5,000 jvnd over
6,976
Other
All nonrelief fam ilies...........
609
1
28
8
Nonmoney income from—
Other
sources
(positive
or nega
tive) 3
(5)
All
sources
Earn
ings 2
(3)
(4)
$1,185
304
755
1,142
1,624
2,219
3, 366
6,058
$1,155
287
743
1,117
1, 576
2,139
3,270
6,058
$30
17
25
48
80
96
1,594
263
789
1,163
1,637
2, 241
3, 224
(*)
1,560
253
770
1,147
1,596
, 200
3,108
(*)
34
2,006
255
684
1,119
1,634
2, 217
3,462
6,606
446
12
1019
All
sources
(6)
Owned
home
(positive
or nega
tive) <
(7)
$66
$65
46
37
63
87
129
184
138
47
38
64
89
129
184
207
100
99
70
35
92
164
191
16
41
41
116
70
35
70
92
164
191
(*)
1,913
215
657
1,065
1,579
2,169
3, 322
5,867
93
40
27
54
55
48
140
739
146
70
80
104
90
177
241
370
140
70
80
98
80
172
226
370
38
408
163
163
2
(*)
68
(*)
Rent as
pay
(8)
$1
11
21
69
1
2
6
106
5
15
The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2) of table 2A, whether or not they received
income from the specified source. Averages in columns (2), (3), (5), (6) and (7) are net figures, after deduction
for all families of business losses met from family funds or expenses for owned homes.
See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
Includes money income other than earnings, after deduction of business losses met from family funds.
See glossary for definitions of “money income other than earnings” and “ business losses.”
* Represents the estimated rental value of owned home for the period of ownership and occupancy, less
estimated expenses allocable to that period.
Median incomes were as follows: Wage-earner families, $1,129; clerical families, $1,596; business and
professional families, $1,832.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
78127°— 40------- 19
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
280
DUBUQUE, IO W A
T able
3.— M oney earnings: Number of families receiving net money earnings
and average net money earnings received from each source, by income, 1935—36
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Number of families receiving net
money earnings from—
Income class
Number
of fami
lies
(1)
(2/
All families.................................
Relief families..........................
Nonrelief families.................
$0-$249................................
$250-$499_ ...........................
$500-$749.............................
$750-$999. ......................
$1,000-$1,249.....................
$1,250-$1,499.......................
$1,500-$1,749__............ .......
$1,750-$1,999__.................
$9 ,0 0 0 -^ 2 4 9
$2,250-$2,499........................
$2,500-$2,999_.......... ..........
$3,000-$3,999........................
$4,000-$4,999........................
$5,000 and over _______
5,925
1,198
4, 727
113
174
428
779
808
536
497
399
257
227
218
177
60
54
Average net money
earnings from 1—
Other
Roomers
not
Indi Roomers work
Indi and
Any vidual
All vidual
attrib
and
boarders
source earners boarders3 utable to sources earners and
other
indivi
w ork3
duals
(3)
(4)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(5)
5,625
1,097
4,528
44
127
405
757
789
530
488
398
257
227
217
176
60
53
5,582
1,087
4,495
43
115
397
753
783
529
487
398
257
227
217
176
60
53
314
38
276
6
13
28
36
54
39
38
16
9
14
12
101
38 $1,175 $1,165
9
493
489
29 1, 349 1,337
48
41
3
237
219
3
548
535
795
786
4 1,009
997
1,208
1,461 1,439
1,694 1,685
1,935 1,925
2,136 2,129
2,467 2,453
3,028 3,015
3,935 3,931
5,725 5,725
2
12
2 1,222
2
1
$10
124
7
18
13
9
14
9
7
14
13
12
22
10
4
i The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2), whether or not they received money
earnings from the specified source.
Includes only families which had net money earnings from roomers and boarders (i. e., whose gross
income from roomers and boarders exceeded estimated expenses). In addition, there were a few families
which had roomers and boarders but which received from them no net money earnings.
Includes net money earnings from roomers and boarders and from other work not attributable to indi
viduals (casual work in home, such as laundry and sewing). Average net money earnings of all nonrelief
families from other work not attributable to individuals were $1.
3
3
281
TABULAR SUMMARY
DUBUQUE, IO W A
3A.— M oney earnings: Number of families receiving net money earnings
and average net money earnings received from each source, by occupation and
income, 1985-86
T able
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Number of families receiving net
money earnings from—
Income class and occupa
tional group
Number
of
families
(1)
(2)
Wage earner
All nonrelief families_______
$0-$499_ ________ ___________
$500-$999______ ____ _______
$1,000-$1,499_______________
$1,500-$1,999...... ........................
$2,000-$2,999_______________
$3,000-$4,999__...........................
$5,000 and o v e r ___________
Clerical
All nonrelief families_______
$0-$499 ................................... .
$500-$999.....................................
$1,000-$1,499...............................
$1,500-$1,999_.............................
$2,000-$2,999_...........................
$3,000-$4,999_______________
$5,000 and o v e r ____________
Business and professional
All nonrelief families_______
$0-$499_ ______ ____ ______
$500-$999.................................
$1,000-$1,499........................... .
$1,^00-^1,999
$2,000-$2,999 ........ ....................
$3,000-$4,999 ...........................
$5,000 and over_____________
Other
All nonrelief families_______
Average net money earn
ings from
Other
Roomers
not
and
Indi Roomers work
Indi boarders
Any vidual
attrib
All
and
vidual and
source earners boarders2
utable sources earners
other
to indi
viduals
work3
(4)
(5)
(6)
(3)
(9)
(7)
(8)
2,567
2,567
2,567
134
835
445
235
30
5
835
445
235
30
5
835
445
235
30
5
52
27
19
3
20
1144
1
937
937
937
51
4
283
235
226
49
283
235
226
49
283
235
226
49
1,018
40
133
199
204
239
157
46
1,015
37
133
199
204
239
157
46
982
24
192
203
239
157
46
89
16
23
23
14
3
205
9
9
2
121 896
121
121 896
896
12
130
2
12
130
2
12
130
2
121
2
31
10181
116
5
10
$1,155 $1,147
287
283
743
739
1,117 1,109
1, 576 1, 566
2,139 2,123
3, 270 3,245
6,058 6,058
1,560
253
770
1,147
1, 596
, 200
3,108
(*)
1, 552
241
757
1,140
1, 586
2,195
3,088
(*)
1,913
215
657
1,065
1, 579
2,169
3, 322
5,867
1,885
133
604
1,026
1, 541
2,162
3,318
5,867
38
38
2
2 2
5
221
$8'
4
4
108
16
25
8
12
13
1057
20
28
82
53
39
38
7
4
(**)
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2), whether or not they received money
earnings from the specified source.
Includes only families which had net money earnings from roomers and boarders (i. e., whose gross in
come from roomers and boarders exceeded estimated expenses). In addition, there were some families which
had roomers and boarders but which had no net money earnings from them.
Includes net money earnings from roomers and boarders and from other work not attributable to indi
viduals (casual work in home, such as laundry and sewing). Average net money earnings of all nonrelief
families from other work not attributable to individuals were as follows: Wage-earner families, $0.50 or less;
clerical families, $1; business and professional families, $2.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
**$0.50 or less.
2
3
282
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
DUBUQUE, IO W A
T able
4-4A.— P rincip al earners; Number of principal earners, classified as hus
bands, wives, and others, with weeks of employment and average yearly earnings
of principal earners, by occupation and income, 1985-36
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Number of principal earners
Income class and occu
pational group
Num
ber of
fami
lies
(1)
(2)
Average earn
Average ings of principal
weeks of
earners 2
employ
Others
ment of
Hus
A ll3 bands Wives
principal
Hus
Male Female earners 1 All bands
(7)
(6)
(5)
(3)
(9)
(4)
(8)
5,925
1,198
4, 727
113
174
428
779
808
536
497
399
257
227
218
177
60
54
5, 582
1,087
4,495
43
115
397
753
783
529
487
398
257
227
217
176
60
53
5,141
976
4,165
40
99
367
717
739
477
452
368
236
206
193
166
57
48
75
24
51
2, 567
2,567
835
445
235
30
5
835
445
235
30
5
2,417
106
856
796
419
26
28
7
13
5
21
29
18
18
3
937
937
806
15
283
235
226
49
283
235
226
49
240
204
196
45
1,018
40
133
199
204
239
157
46
982
24
192
203
239
157
46
933
A ll occupations
All families____ ____ ___
Relief families— .......... . _
Nonrelief families 4______
$0-$249______________
$250-$499___.......... .........
$500-$749____________
$750-$999____________
$1,000-$1,249_________
$1, 250-$l, 499.............
$1, 500-$1, 749________
$1,750-$1,999...........
$2,000-$2,249_________
$2,250-$2,499_________
$2,500-$2,999_________
$3,000-$3,999_________
$4,000-$4,999_________
$5,000 and over______
Wage earner
All nonrelief families------$0-$499___.......................
$500-$999................. .......
$1,000-$1,499..................
$1,500-$1,999_.............. .
$2,000-$2,999.............. . .
$3,000-$4,999_________
$5,000 and over______
Clerical
All nonrelief fam ilies-----$0-$499_______ ______
$500-$999____________
$1,000-$1,499..............
$1,500-$1,999..............
$2,000-$2,999..............
$3,000-$4,999_.............. .
$5,000 and over______
Business and professional
All nonrelief families_____
$0-$499
$500-$999___....................
$1,000-$1,499..................
$1,500-$1,999_________
$2,000-$2,999..................
$3,000-$4,999_________
$5,000 and over______
12
3
4
(10
121 896
121
896
12
130
2
12
130
2
212
2
11
109
1
21
121 116
178
195
226
152
45
26
893
9
4
4
3
1
11
6
11
3
*
4
8
11
21
3
210
156
34
48 $1,128
491
41
50 1,282
24
107
38
326
566
47
50
798
51
999
51 1,137
51 1, 368
51 1,509
52 1, 715
51 1,854
52 2,098
52 2, 584
52 3,381
52 5,093
$1,160
495
1,316
104
331
572
811
1,014
1,171
1,406
1,548
1, 757
1,941
2,198
2, 659
3,457
5, 419
1
10165
2227
11
20
13
8
13
5
2
4
122
115
12
19
20166
12105
4
11
94
28
2
2
9
5
6
4
11
49
33
48
51
51
51
52
52
1,039
278
725
1,053
1, 398
1, 706
2,181
3, 145
1,057
278
736
1, 067
1, 432
1, 766
2.323
(*)
46
70
6
10
123
1
17
17
51
33
50
51
51
52
52
1,388
241
737
1,088
1,443
1,930
2 341
(*)
1,464
240
771
1,133
1, 508
2. 055
436
(*)
51
40
49
50
51
52
52
52
1,820
1,860
219
660
1,039
1, 514
2,033
3,082
5,476
53
157
6
18
14
17
26
3
4
11
121
23
(*)
24
227
63
4
220
1,1,492
065412
2,3,042
001
5,435
2
Averages in this column are based on the number of principal earners reporting weeks of employment.
Averages in this section of the table are based on the corresponding counts of principal earners in col
umns (3) and (4).
The total number of principal earners given in column (3) is equivalent to the total number of families
having individual earners, since a family can have only one principal earner. The difference botween the
totals in columns (2) and (3) is explained by the fact that column (2), number of families, includes cases in
which none of the family income was attributable to individual earners.
Includes 205 families classified in the occupational group “Other.” These families had 9 principal
earners.
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
283
rABULAR SUMMARY
DUBUQUE, IO W A
5.— N um ber of earners in fam ily: Number of families with specified
number of individual earners, family relationship of sole earners, and average
number of supplementary earners per family, by income, 1985-86
T able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Number of families with individual earners
Income class
Num
ber of
fami
lies
(1)
(2)
All families---------- 5,925
Relief families____ 1,198
Nonrelief families.. 4, 727
$0-$249_______
113
$250-$499_____
174
$500~$749_____
428
$750-$999_____
779
$1,000-$1,249__
808
536
$1,250-$1,499__
497
$1,500-$1,749—
$1,750--$1,999__
399
257
$2,000 -$2,249__
$2,250-$2,499__
227
$2,500-$2,999.__
218
$3,000-$3,999__
177
$4,000-$4,999__
60
54
$5,000 and over.
1
2
One only
Four
Other
Two Three or
Any
family Hus Wife
more
mem band
Fe
Male male
ber
(5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
(3)
(4)
4, 520
886
3, 634
42
106
360
692
699
416
387
285
175
153
137
107
37
38
4,350
836
3,514
40
95
339
673
677
399
379
279
167
150
135
106
37
38
36
17
19
2
3
63
11
11
1
83
51
2261 4011
3
1012 896
9
7
5
7
778
153
625
1
9
205
35
170
79
13
66
8 1i
22
3
5
81
5
11
7
21 11
1296
22 8
6 46 54
33
52
69
90
78
84
60
45
46
39
13
4
14
14
18
16
17
25
Families
with more
than one Average
earner as numberof
percent supple
age of mentary
families earners
with any per
individ family 2
ual
earner 1
(12)
(ID
19
18
19
28
9
11218
20
28
32
33
37
39
38
28
0.26
.24
.26
.02
.08
. 10
.09
. 13
.26
.27
.39
.43
.53
.59
. 61
.68
.66
This percentage was computed by dividing the sum of columns (8), (9), (10) by column (4) of table 3 o n
p. 280.
Based on the number o f families with individual earners, column (4) of table 3 on p. 280.
284
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
DUBUQUE, IO W A
6. — Sole and su pplem entary earners: Number of families with individ
ual earners; number of supplementary earners classified as husbands, wives, and
others; average earnings of supplementary earners; and average earnings of family
from supplementary earners; by income, 1935-36
T able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Number of families with Number of supplementary earn
individual earners
ers
Income class
(1)
Num
One only
ber
of
fami
Any
lies Any fam
ily Hus
mem band
ber
(5)
(2) (3) (4)
Average
earnings
of all
supple
More
mentary
Hus Wives
than All bands
earn
one 3
Fe ers 1
Male male
Others *
(6)
(7)
All families_______ 5,925 5,582 4,520 4, 350 1,062 1,452
836
264
Relief families___ 1,198 1,087
Nonrelief families- 4, 727 4, 495 3,634 3,514 861 1,188
42 40
$0-$249................. 113 43
9
9
$250-$499_______ 174 115 106 95
$500-$749„.......... 428 397 360 339 37 41
$750-$999______ 779 753 692 673 61 71
$1,000-$1,249___ 808 783 699 677 84
$1,250-$1,499___ 536 529 416 399 113 137
131
$1,500-$1,749....... 497 487 387 379
$1,750-$1,999___ 399 398 285 279 113 154
$2,000-$2,249___ 257 257 175 167 82
$2,250-$2,499___ 227 227 153 150 74
$2,500-$2,999___ 218 217 137 135 80 129
$3,000-$3,999___ 177 176 107 106 69 108
$4,000-$4,999___ 60 60
37 37 23 41
38 38 15 35
$5,000 and over.. 54 53
886
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
206
137
586
523
201
42
24 102 96
164 113 484 427
1 1 3 11 3 2
9
6 17 9
101 281518 152117 324618 364221
100
56 49
211016 10
14 65 54
110
8
56 36
120 1813 56 4461 4557
62 8 4818 4621
1 20 9
5
(12)
$417
192
467
(*)
69
103
177
233
340
369
463
493
522
618
728
806
1,117
Average
earnings
per fam
ily from
supple
mentary
earn
ers 2
(13)
$102
42
117
(**)
10
4
16
29
87
97
179
276
360
444
550
724
211
i Averages in this column are based on the corresponding counts of supplementary earners in column (7)
* Averages in this column are based on the number of families as shown in column (2).
* Families that have supplementary earners.
<Includes 6 males and no females under 16 years of age.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
** $0 50 or less.
285
TABULAR SUMMARY
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
6A.— Sole and supplementary earners: N um ber of fa m ilies w ith in d iv id
ual earners; num ber of su pplem en tary earners classified as husbands, wives and
others; average earnings of su pplem en tary earners; and average earnings of fa m ily
from supplem en tary earners; by occupation and incom e, 1 9 3 5 -3 6
T able
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Num
Income class and occu ber of
fami
pational group
lies
(1 )
(2 )
Number of families
with individual
earners
Number of supplementary
earners
Others 4
One More
Hus Wives
Any only
than All bands
Fe
one 3
Male male
(6) (7) (8) (9) ( 10 )
(3) (4) (5)
Wage earner
All nonrelief families... 2, 567 2,567 2,082
$0-$499.............................. 12 1 12 1 113
$500-$999......................... 896 896 819
$1,000-$1,499_.................. 835 835 701
$1,500-$! ,999................. 445 445 317
$2,000-$2,999...... ............ 235 235 123
30 30
$3,000-$4,999__________
7
5
5
2
$5,000 and o v e r ______
Clerical
All nonrelief families __ 937 937 729
12
12
12
$0-$499_____________ _
$500-$999......................... 130 130 118
$1,000-$1,499__................ 283 283 245
$1,500-$1,999___.............. 235 235 174
$2,000-$2,999................... 226 226 158
$3,000-$4,999_________
49 49 22
2
$5,000 and over_______
2
Business and profes
sional
All nonrelief families— 1,018 982 814
$0-$499_______________
40 24 22
$500-$999......................... 133 12 1 1 1 2
$1,000-$1,499_.......... .
199 192 167
$1,500-$1,999_________ 204 203 179
$2,000-$2,999__________ 239 239 183
$3,000-$4,999_________ 157 157 115
$5,000 and over_______
46 46 36
Other
All nonrelief families.. 205
9
9
485
681
8
8
65
295
244
2
20
1
26
14
3
27
62
84
89
2
25
60
65
70
77
134
128
112
23
3
89
167
180
177
45
15
77
3
17
19
17
15
3
3
208
297
67
26
6
22
2
38
61
68
27
2
13
43
79
108
49
5
168
210
12
2
9
25
24
56
42
10
2
10
28
26
74
55
15
18
19
1
1
20
1
5
2
7
4
1
Average
earnings
of all
supple
mentary
earners 1
Average
earnings
per fami
ly from
supple
mentary
earners 2
(1 1 )
(12 )
20
2
$408
74
148
276
414
550
708
970
$108
5
15
55
167
414
1,063
2,910
93
111
513
162
5
7
8
4
3
8
25
37
18
200
29
44
26
51
143
267
743
22
96
72
2
3
9
24
21
5
1
5
3
8
4
1
22
10
2
5
8
12
35
26
8
2
8
2
10
336
426
559
743
968
592
(*)
10 1
347
444
526
788
1, 314
20
(*)
12 2
2
8
49
56
163
276
429
Averages in this column are based on the corresponding counts of supplementary earners in column (6).
Averages in this column are based on the number of families as shown in column (2).
3 Families that have supplementary earners.
4 Includes persons under 16 years of age as follows: Wage-earner families, 2 males and no females; business
and professional families, 2 males and no females.
* Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
1
2
able
7.—
Earnings of supplementary earners:
N um ber of supplem entary earners w ith earnings of specified am ount , by fa m ily incom e ,
1 93 5-86
286
T
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
[White families, including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
(1 )
All families_____ _________
R e lie f fa m ilies
Nonrelief families........ .........
$0-$249..............................
$250-$499...........................
$500-$749...........................
$750-$999__......................
$1,000-$1,249....................
$1,250-$1,499....................
$1,500-$1,749....................
$1,750-$1,999....................
$2,000-$2,249....................
$2,250-$2,499....................
$2r5ftO-$2,999______ _
$3,000-$3,999___ ___
$4,000-$4f999________
$5,000 and over_______
1,062
201
861
1
9
37
61
84
113
100
113
82
74
80
69
23
15
Average
earnings
of supple
mentary Any Under
earners amount $50
(4)
$417
192
467
(*)
69
103
177
233
340
369
463
493
522
618
728
806
1,117
1,452
264
1,188
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
(5)
(3)
1
9
41
71
101
137
131
154
110
120
129
108
41
35
136
51
85
1
4
15
11
12
6
9
6
9
6
5
1
Number of supplementary earners with earnings of—
$50$99
$100$199
$200$299
$300$399
$ 100$499
$500$599
$600$699
$700$799
$800$899
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
GO)
(ID
(1 2 )
(13)
(14)
133
51
82
3
11
11
13
10
10
6
3
6
4
4
1
239
67
172
138
37
1
12
5
15
13
15
25
32
23
18
11
15
9
7
3
1
101
128
24
104
133
17
116
107
6
7
16
15
15
14
9
9
8
99
130
5
125
(16)
(15)
153
44
2
1
151
2,000
$900- $1 ,000- $1,500- $and
$999 $1,499 $1,999 over
43
(17)
(18)
38
56
13
4
38
1
13
4
55
1
10
20
8
10
8
7
4
2
9
15
17
12
22
9
4
10
1
2
1
15
29
12
17
5
13
8
8
3
8
4
2
1
16
9
31
12
19
12
16
7
2
1
20
22
26
20
29
26
4
3
1
7
4
8
13
4
3
3
2
5
6
10
8
5
2
2
6
13
18
6
10
4
1
8
2
2
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
Number
of fami
lies with
any
supple
mentary
earners
(2 )
Table
8
.—
Husbands as earners:
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
N um ber and average yearly earnings of husbands classified as p rin cip a l or supplem entary earners , by
age and fa m ily incom e , 1 93 5-86
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Principal earners by age groups
Income class
(1 )
Supplementary earners by age groups
Any Under
20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
20
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
(7)
(6)
(8)
( 10 )
(9)
(1 1 )
(12 )
Un
65
and Any der 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
20
over
(13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (2 1 ) (22 ) (23) (24)
65
and
over
(25)
All families............... 5,141
Relief families......... _ 976
Nonrelief families— 4,165
$0-35249 _______
40
$250-$499..............
99
$500-$749........... . 367
$750-$999_______ 717
$1,000-$1,249____ 739
$1,250-$1,499____ 477
$1,500-$1,749........ 452
$1,750-$1,999____ 368
$2,000-$2,249
236
$2,250-$2,499____ 206
$2,500-$2,999........ 193
$3,000-$3,999
166
$4,000-$4,999........
57
$5,000 and over..
48
1
1
123
35
88
3
25
32
16
6
4
1
1
503
93
410
13
51
94
48
41
21
9
4
7
122
740
146
594
5
11
55
142
134
68
63
42
26
13
15
14
5
1
800
129
671
784
150
634
745
148
597
533
117
416
414
74
340
264
55
209
2
12
6
8
6
8
1
2
8
22
37
104
144
87
86
62
45
34
21
24
6
7
39
98
101
89
83
58
35
28
31
31
10
17
19
47
60
97
63
69
64
48
46
38
29
8
3
9
36
59
54
38
47
45
28
34
24
22
8
4
7
23
46
41
43
29
35
30
24
26
23
7
5
29
32
17
15
20
6
18
15
11
9
5
234 206
28 42
206 164
10
9
32
25
26
18
15
20
9
5
15
12
4
6
3
9
15
18
28
16
21
10
4
6
6
2
2
1
2
6
13
22
2
1
12
8
14
2
3
7
4
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
1
2
1
1
6
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
6
2
$876 $1,076 $1, 232 $1,427 $1, 481 $1, 368 $1, 332 $1,365 $1, 302 $1,093 $478
7
2
2
13
18
Average earnings of husbands 1
All nonrelief families. $1,316
4
1
36
9
27
4
4
4
3
3
1
4
1
1
38
8
30
4
1
4
6
4
3
2
4
1
1
30
5
25
44
9
35
1
1
1
1
1
1
4
6
5
4
1
2
6
TABULAR SUMMARY
Number of husbands
2
2
2
3
3
7
2
1
2
1
1
2
j
$505 $848 $544 |$812 $633 $333 $485 $466 $438 $397
287
1
Averages for each age group are based on the corresponding numbers of husbands in the upper section of the table: the 2 averages for all age groups combined are based on the
corresponding total numbers of husbands.
T
able
9.—
Wives as earners:
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
fcO
N um ber and average yearly earnings of wives classified as p rin cip a l or su pplem en tary earners , by age and
fa m ily incom e , 198 5-36
QO
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Supplementary earners by age groups
Principal earners by age groups
(1 )
65
Un65
Un
Any der 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 and Any der 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 and
over
20
over
20
(2 ) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) ( 10 ) ( 1 1 ) ( 12 ) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (2 1 ) (22 ) (23) (24) (25)
Number of wives
All families.................
R e lie f fa m ilies
Nonrelief families.-$0-$249
$250-$499 ___
$500-$749
$750-$999 ___
$1,000-$1,249 -_
$1,250-$1,499 —
$1,500-$1,749
$1,750-$1,999
$2,000-$2,249 .
$2,250-$2,499
$2,500-$2,999 —
$3,000-$3,999 -.
$4,000-$4,999
$5,000 and over
75
24
51
1
2
6
1
1
7
13
7
2
11
7
5
13
3
2
10
1
1
1
5
7
3
4
1
1
1
6
1
1
9
8
3
9
4
4
3
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
5
3
12
6
6
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
2
2
1
4
1
3
1
1
1
137
24
113
2
8
2
2
6
1
1
6
17
15
2
8
6
1
2
1
1
2
4
3
5
2
4
1
2
1
5
1
16
17
1
2
15
15
1
2
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
15
4
11
12
7
4
3
5
7
1
6
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
14
1
1
27
3
24
1
21
10
1
26
3
23
8
1
1
2
2
3
2
4
7
1
2
3
5
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
Average earnings of wives 1
All nonrelief families.
$688
(*)
$874 $730
(*)
$784 $517 $568 $740
(*)
$321 $465
(*)
$289 $442 $535 $601 $320 $415 $710 $340
(*)
(*)
1
Averages for each age group are based on the corresponding numbers of wives in the upper section of the table; the 2 averages for all age groups combined are based on the
corresponding total number of wives.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
T
able
10.—Money income other than earnings:
N um ber of fa m ilies receiving m oney incom e other than earnings , and average a m o u ii
received , by source and total incom e , 1 93 5 -3 6 1
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Income class
Number
of fami
lies
(1 )
(2 )
5,925
1,198
4, 727
113
174
428
779
808
536
497
399
257
227
218
177
60
54
Average money income, other than earnings, received from 2 —
Interest Pensions, Gifts for
Rent from Interest Pensions, Gifts for Miscella
Any Rent from and
All
property and divi annuities, current neous
divi annuities, current sources
sources property
(net)
dends
dends
benefits
use
benefits
use
sources3
(net)
( 12 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
(7)
(9)
GO)
(6)
(8)
(13)
(ID
1,0 0 2
195
807
18
58
66
78
111
96
85
71
48
39
50
48
18
21
387
35
352
7
40
33
40
44
40
37
29
17
10
25
18
5
7
217
3
214
10
11
11
15
22
19
19
10
11
15
20
27
10
14
130
18
104
7
13
16
21
16
1
6
10
8
112
11
8
5
6
1
4
3
1
20
84
15
13
7
2
3
2
4
11
1
1
$56
37
61
10
60
44
32
44
49
63
63
52
55
72
129
186
723
$15
2
19
7
38
18
13
14
16
19
18
12
15
29
41
21
92
$ 11
(**)
13
2
7
7
2
6
1
6
4
4
7
20
32
125
505
$13
5
15
9
13
11
16
19
16
15
9
15
1
32
13
83
$15
28
$2
2
2
1
4
3
1
1
2
6
3
(**)
2
2
11
6
1
12
(••)
2
3
5
7
11
16
23
25
18
20
L3
21
42
TABULAR SUMMARY
All families.......................................................
Relief families................................................
N onrelief families...........................................
$0-$249_.....................................................
$250-$499__________________________
$500-$749_________________________
$750-8999....................................................
$1,000-81,249_______________________
$1,250-81,499_______________________
$1,500-81,749_______________________
$1,750-81,999_______________________
$2,000-82,249_______________________
$2,250-82,499................. ...........................
$2,500-82,999_______________________
$3,000-83,999_______________________
$4,000-84,999_______________________
$5,000 and over__________ _________
Number of families receiving money income other than
earnings from—
See glossary for definition of “money income other than earnings."
Averages are based on all families, column (2 ), whether or not they received money income other than earnings.
Includes money income other than earnings from sources other than those specified, including profits from business enterprises partially or wholly owned but not operated by
family members. See glossary for further definition of “profits."
**$0.50 or less.
1
2
2
289
T able
11.—Nonmoney income
from owned homes: N um ber of fa m ilies ow ning homes w ith and without m ortgages; average rental value
average expense , and average nonm oney incom e from home ow n ersh ip; by incom e , 1 93 5-36
290
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined!
Number of families
(1 )
All families.....................................
Relief families_______________
Nonrelief families__________
$0-$249...................... ...............
$250-$499_________________
$500-$749................................
$750-$999_________________
$1,000-$1,249_____ ________
$1,250-$1,499............................
$1,500-11,749.....................
$1,750-$1,999........................
$2,000-$2,249______ _______
$2,250-$2,499_____________
$2,500-$2,999.....................
$3,000-$3,999................ ........
$4,000-$4,999.....................
$5,000 and over.................
All
Owning
homes 1
(2 )
(3)
5,925
1,198
4, 727
113
174
428
779
808
536
497
399
257
227
218
177
60
54
2,393
280
2,113
65
106
142
236
295
265
215
177
139
139
150
106
39
39
Families owning
homes free from
mortgage
Families owning
Average expense 3
mortgaged homes
Average Interest
as per
Average
Average Average Average
non
nonrental
rental expense 3 money
money ofcentage
rental
value
2
value 2
income 4 value
income 4
Number Percent
Interest Other
Number Percent
age 5
age 5
(13)
(151
(1 2 )
(14)
( 10 )
(6)
(8)
(9)
(4)
(5)
(7)
(ID
1,687
179
1. 508
56
81
97
178
197
182
138
132
93
104
114
73
31
32
70
64
71
$316
86
210
76
68
75
67
69
64
75
67
75
76
69
80
82
201
330
276
255
247
278
302
316
348
340
412
415
461
590
672
$94
74
96
76
87
83
81
87
91
94
99
98
110
111
119
142
154
$222
127
234
134
189
172
166
191
2 11
222
249
242
302
304
342
448
518
706
101
605
9
25
45
58
98
83
77
45
46
35
36
33
8
7
30
36
29
14
24
32
25
33
31
36
25
33
25
24
31
20
18
$3C9
217
324
263
231
251
232
278
282
306
350
378
385
419
568
445
716
$86
60
91
103
78
62
66
76
79
87
108
103
104
134
139
87
195
$93
77
94
81
77
83
79
86
87
91
100
105
105
114
137
115
159
$130
80
139
79
76
106
87
116
116
128
142
170
176
171
292
243
362
28
28
28
39
34
25
28
27
28
28
31
27
27
32
24
20
27
1 Includes all families occupying owned homes at any time during the report year, but excludes 1 family whose expenses exactly equaled the annual rental value of their home.
Data for this family, however, are included in the computation of averages.
2 Based on estimate made by home owner, for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. This period averages, in general, approximately li? months.
8 Expense for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. Expense other than i n t e r e s t , columns (7) and (13). estimated on basis of average relationship between rental
value and expense.
4 Nonmoney income for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. Obtained by deducting estimated expense (including interest) from rental value.
5 Based on number of families owning homes, column (3).
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
Mortgaged homes
Homes free from mortgage
T
a b l e
12.
—Monthly rental value:
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
N um ber of hom e-owning fa m ilies having homes w ith specified m onthly rental value , by incom e , 1985—3 6 1
[Whit© families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Income class
(1)
5,794
1,164
4, 630
110
173
416
761
794
526
487
390
252
226
213
172
58
52
2,370
278
2.092
63
107
141
233
292
262
215
177
138
138
147
103
38
38
41
24
45
57
62
34
31
37
50
44
45
55
61
69
60
65
73
Average
Number of home-owning families reporting monthly rental value ofmonthly
value of
owned Under $5-$9 $10-$14 $15—$19 $20-$24 $25-$29 $30-$34 $35-$39 $40-$44 $45-$54 $55-$74 $75 and
over
homes 2 $5
(16)
(17)
( 12 )
(15)
( 10 )
(13)
(14)
(7)
(9)
(8)
(6)
(5)
(ID
$26. 40
17. 30
27. 60
18. 40
22.50
21.30
20.50
23.40
25. 00
26. 60
29.10
29. 70
33. 70
35.10
41. 80
47 20
58. 30
1
1
1
28
19
9
1
1
2
3
1
1
174
59
115
9
9
18
32
17
10
5
6
4
2
2
1
414
100
314
26
27
29
75
52
51
22
9
11
7
4
1
422
47
375
12
21
40
51
76
53
43
33
9
14
14
7
1
1
511
33
478
13
18
29
37
85
70
72
44
39
31
20
16
3
1
245
6
239
15
11
14
28
34
23
31
27
20
23
7
4
2
203
9
194
143
3
140
159
42
28
2
42
28
157
2
10
6
7
17
23
26
25
24
19
20
12
5
2
4
9
9
9
14
10
13
16
32
13
4
5
3
1
5
5
1
18
2
1
10
8
8
22
23
30
11
11
1
1
3
5
9
8
4
9
5
8
10
2
TABULAR SUMMARY
All families_______
Relief families____
Nonrelief families...
$0-$249................
$250-$499______
$500-$749............
$750-$999_____
$1,000-$1,249— .
$1>250-$1,499._..
$l,500-$l,749-_.
$1,750-$1,999.__.
$2,000-$2,249___
$2,250-$2,499___
$2,500-$2,999---$3,000-$3,999---$4,000-$4,999___
$5,000 and over.
Number Home-owning
fam ilies
of homeand
Percent
renting
families Number age 3
(4)
(3)
(2 )
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as home-owning families or
as renting families according to their status at the date of interview.
2 Based on estimate made by home owner for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. Averages are based on the number of home-owning families, column (3).
* Based on the number of home-owning and renting families, column (2 ).
K)
CO
T able 13.—
Monthly rent:
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
CD
to
fcO
N um ber of renting fa m ilies reportin g specified m onthly rent , by incom e , 1 9 8 5 -8 6
1
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
( 1)
All families...........__
Relief families____
Nonrelief families..
$0-$249_..............
$250-$499______
$500-$749_____
$750-$999............
$1,000-$1,249...
$1,250-$1,499___
$1,500-$1,749___
$1,750-$1,999__
$2,000-$2,249__
$2,250-$2,499__
$2,500-$2,999___
$3,000-$3,999__
$4,000-$4,999__
$5,000 and over.
35,794 3,424
1,164 886
4,630 2,538
47
110
173
66
416 275
761 528
794 502
526 264
487 272
390 213
252 114
226
88
66
213
172
69
58
20
52
14
59
76
55
43
38
66
69
63
50
56
55
45
39
31
40
34
27
$18.00
12.0 0
20.00
16. 50
14.90
14. 70
14.80
17.70
20.00
22. 50
24.80
26. 50
28! 40
30.10
36.60
46.00
50.30
265 1,092
189 468
76 624
2
17
5
29
21
12 1
31 226
9 141
3
43
3
24
1
1
11
6
5
1
836
174
662
16
14
84
180
174
73
61
28
14
6
9
3
500
33
467
3
11
31
65
89
76
77
54
30
16
9
6
321
9
312
5
4
8
16
50
47
56
58
24
22
10
11
1
$75
and Rent
over free 4
(17) (18)
141
90
72
57
17
5
2
2
88
2
1
1
5
139
7
3
16
12
26
28
12
16
10
6
3
1
1
2
7
13
18
4
11
8
11
9
3
70
3
56
16
1
4
2
7
11
10
4
10
12
5
1
3
3
3
1
5
11
3
15
6
6
1
1
20
2
1
4
8
1
1
2
5
5
2
25
5
1
1
3
1
2
* Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as home-owning families
or as renting families according to their status at the date of interview.
* Rent reported at date of interview. Averages are based on the number of renting families in each class that reported monthly rent, including families receiving rent free, the
amount of which was estimated by the family.
3 Based on the number of home-owning and renting families, column (2).
< Consists of families receiving rent as gift.
5 Includes 3 families that did not report monthly rent. These families were found in the following income classes: $0-$249, 1 ; $1,250-$1,499, 1; $2,500-$2,999, 1 .
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
Renting
Number of renting families reporting monthly rent of—
Number families
ofhomeownmg
monthly
and
Per rent 3 Un
renting Num cent
der $5-$9 $10-$14 $15-$19 $20-$24 $25-$29 $30-$34 $35-$39 $40-$44 $45-$54 $55-$74
families ber age 3
$5
(9) ( 10 ) (I D ( 12 ) (13) (14) (15) (16)
(6)
(8)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(7)
(2 )
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
T able
14A*—Average monthly rental value and average monthly rent:
Num ber of home-owning and renting fam ilies, average monthly
rental value, and average monthly rent , by occupation and income, 1935-36 1
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Occupational group: Wage earner
Income class
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families 2
Average
monthly—
Number of
families
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families 3
Average
monthly—
Occupational group: Business and professional
Number of
families
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families 2
Average
monthly—
Home- Rent Home- Rent Rental
Home- Rent Home- Rent Rental
HomeHome- Rent Rental
own ing own ing value 3 R en t 4 own Rent
ing value 3 Rent
ing own
ing own
ing value 3 R en t 4 own
ing
ing
ing
ing
ing
ing
(19)
(18)
(17)
(1 2 )
(15)
(13)
(16)
(9)
(4)
(5)
( 10 )
(3)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(14)
(2 )
(ID
All nonrelief families 4-__ 1,016
$0-$499_...............................
51
$500-$999.............................
243
$1,000-$1,499.......................
334
$1,500-$1,999.......................
218
$2,000-$2,999.......................
149
$3,000-$4,999___________
19
$5,000 and over.................
2
1,493
67
626
486
219
82
10
3
40
43
28
41
50
64
(t)
(t)
60 $23.10 $16.70
57 19.00 14.10
72 19.30 14.10
59 2 2 .2 0 16.90
50 25.20 20.90
36 27.90 23.00
32.40 32.10
(t)
41.70
(t)
(*)
398
4
28
107
90
135
32
2
519
8
10 1
169
139
87
15
43
(t)
22
39
39
61
68
(t)
57 $30.60 $22. 50
25.00 16.60
78 21.60 16.30
61 25. 50 20 . 60
61 31.60 25.00
39 34. 20 28.10
32 37.30 32.70
(*)
(t)
513
22
64
93
73
138
90
33
487
18
67
104
126
98
63
11
51
55
49
47
37
58
59
75
49 $35.20
45 21.30
51 23.20
53 28.00
63 29.60
42 37.00
41 47.60
25 58.90
$27. 70
19.30
18.60
22.00
26.30
31. 90
41.00
52.60
TABULAE SUMMARY
0)
Number of
families
Occupational group: Clerical
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as home-owning families
or as renting families according to their status at the date of interview. Includes 3 families that did not report monthly rent.
2 Based on the number of home-owning and renting families in the respective occupational groups.
3 Based on estimate made by home owner for period of ownership and occupancy during the report year. Averages are based on the number of home-owning families as of end of
report year.
* Rent as reported at date of interview. Averages in this column are based on the number of families reporting monthly rent, including families receiving rent as gift, the amount
of which is estimated by the family.
4 Of the families classified in the occupational group “Other,” 204 did not change their living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Of the latter
group, 165 families or 81 percent were owning families. Their average monthly rental value was $25. The remaining 39 families, or 19 percent, were renting families. Their average
monthly rent was $18.50.
t Percentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
* Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
293
294
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
15-16.— Type of living quarters: Num ber and percentage of owning and
renting fam ilies occupying specified types of living quarters , by tenure and incom,e,
T ables
1 9 3 5 -3 6
1
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Income class
(1 )
Owning families, all.
Relief families..........
Nonrelief families.__
$n-$249
$250-$499_............
$500-$749..............
$750-$999_______
$1,000-$1,249___
$1,250-$1,499___
$1,500-$1,749___
$1,750-$1,999___
$2,000-$2,249___
$2,250-$2,499___
$2,500-$2,999___
$3,000-$3,999___
$4,000-$4,999___
$5,000 and over..
Renting families, all.
Relief families ____
N onrelief families. _.
$0-$249.................
$250-$499.............
$500-$74G.............
$750-$999______
$1,000-$1,249___
$1,260-$1,499___
$1,500-$1,749___
$1,750-$] ,999___
$2,000-$2,249___
$2,250-$2,499___
$2,500-$2,999___
$3,000-$3,999___
$4,000-$4,999___
$5,000 and over..
Number of families occupying— Percentage of families occupying *—
Number
of
TwoOneOne- Two- Apart
families family
Other 3 family family Apart
family
Other 3
house house ment
house house ment
(8)
(5)
(7)
(4)
(9)
(6)
(3)
GO)
(2 )
2,370
278
2,092
63
107
141
233
292
262
215
177
138
138
H7
103
38
38
3,424
886
2,538
47
66
275
528
502
264
272
213
114
88
66
69
20
14
1,978
232
1,746
52
76
111
190
246
220
176
145
12 1
125
128
89
33
34
1,477
333
1,144
18
20
111
205
196
144
132
116
60
45
39
37
14
7
301
40
261
37
4
33
54
10
5
3
5
1
2
24
30
35
35
27
22
14
9
16
11
4
22
2
1
4
8
1
2
1
1
2
1,269
350
919
18
28
103
235
202
84
88
59
36
27
20
16
2
1
449
124
325
8
10
40
60
67
26
31
29
14
14
6
13
4
3
83
84
84
82
71
78
82
84
84
82
82
87
91
87
2
52
5
8
9
6
8
2
2
2
2
2
1
2
12
16
16
13
12
14
12
12
10
7
11
11
11
8
21
28
37
10
21
9
4
2
1
(t)
(I)
90
43
38
45
39
30
40
39
39
54
49
54
52
51
59
54
(f)
(t)
5
37
39
36
38
43
38
45
41
32
32
28
32
31
30
23
2
2
1
2
1
2
2
2
5
22
86
86
229
79
150
3
3
3
13
14
(t)
4
3
3
2
4
2
2
1
2
5
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
5
7
9
13
14
13
17
15
14
11
13
6
6
12
8
5
7
4
8
4
4
10
11
14
12
16
9
19
2
2
(t)
m
4
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and
the date of interview.
2 Percentages are based on number of families in each class, column (2 ).
2 Includes dwelling units in business buildings, other types of living quarters not elsewhere specified,
and unknown types of living quarters,
t Percentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
1 0.5 percent or less.
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
T able
17.— Members of household not in economic family:
78127
Num ber of fam ilies having persons in the household who were not members
of the economic fam ily, and average number of such nonfam ily members, by income, 1935-36
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Number of families having in the household nonfamily members of
specified type i
Income class
(2 )
All families______ __________
■ Relief families
Nonrelief families......................
5 ,925
1,165
81
159
100
248
1,198
4, 727
131
1,034
10
71
17
142
13
87
15
233
113
174
428
779
808
536
497
399
257
227
218
177
60
54
13
25
64
110
143
116
125
101
72
61
72
76
25
31
2
3
7
11
19
29
2
2
2
$750-$999........................................
$1,000-$1,249...............................
$1,250-$1,499
$1,500-$1,749...............................
$1J7fin-$1JQQQ
$2,000-$2,249
$2,250-$2,499
$9 fina-$9 QQQ
$annn-$2 qqq
$4,000-$4,999
$5,000 a n d o v er
7
8
8
8
5
8
6
5
4
8
2
21
22
9
7
3
5
5
1
4
9
12
19
16
8
5
3
3
3
3
7
14
22
15
22
28
8
17
22
33
16
25
4
4
7
716
2 .1
1.2
1 .0
1.3
0 .6
7
79
637
2 .0
2 .1
.8
1 .3
.8
1 .0
.1
4
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
10
32
70
77
73
79
72
56
40
49
47
16
12
2 .0
2 .2
2.0
2 .1
2 .1
2 .1
2 .1
2 .2
2 .1
2 .1
2 .2
2 .2
2 .3
2 .2
(*)
1 .1
1 .1
1.8
1.0
1 .1
1.2
1 .2
1.0
1.2
1 .6
1 .0
1 .2
1.4
(*)
1 .0
1 .3
L3
1 .3
1 .3
.9
.8
.9
.5
1 .0
(*)
1 .4
(*)
.8
1 .1
.9
.9
1 .9
1 .9
1.9
3.0
1.4
1 .3
1.7
.6
0 .6
0.5
0 .2
.6
.5
.2
.2
(*)
(*)
.1
.2
.2
.4
.5
.4
.4
.6
.7
.8
.9
1 .0
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
n
(*)
n
(*)
.1
.1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.1
.1
1 Excludes a small number of families which had nonfamily members in the household but which did not report the duration of their membership.
2 Averages in each column are based on the corresponding counts of families, in columns (3) through (10). The number of nonfamily members is expressed in terms of yearequivalent persons. This figure is computed for each family by dividing by 52 the total number of weeks of residence in the household for all nonmembers of the economic family.
‘Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
TABULAE SUMMARY
Occupying rooms on nontransient
Occupying rooms on nontransient
basis
basis
Board Tour
Board Tour
Any
All
non
ists
noners
ers
ists
with and Guests family Sons and Other Room
with and Guests
family Sons and Other Boommem daughters room ers
tran
mem daughters room ers
out
p ai(J out tran
"Pair!
dlU
room sients
bers rooming ers with Xhelp
ber rooming ers with help room sients
with
and
with
and
out
out
boarding board board
boarding board board
(4)
(6)
(7)
(8)
GO) (ID (12 ) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18)
(3)
(5)
(9)
(1 )
$n-$949
.$9*n-$499
$snn-$749
Average number of nonfamily members of specified type 2 (based on
families having such members)
^
qq
Oi
296
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
18.—Age of wives,
husbands
and wives: Num ber of husbands and number of
by age and fa m ily income, 1985-36
T able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family type
combined]
Income class
0
)
Num
ber re
port
ing Under 20-29
20
age 1
(4)
(3)
(2 )
Number with ages of—
30-39
40-49
50-59
60-64
65-69
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
and
70-74 75over
( 10 )
(ID
Husbands
All families..........
Percentage................
Relief families.. . . .
Nonrelief families..
$0-$249 ______
$250-$499...........
$500-$749 ___
$750-$999
$1,000-$1,249___
$1,250-$1,499---$1,500-$1,749---$1,750-$1,999_„_
$2,000-$2,249____
$2,250-$2,499.—
$2,500-$2,999___
$3,000-$3,999___
$4,000-$4,999___
$5,000 and over.
5,925
100.0
1,198
4, 727
113
174
428
779
808
536
497
399
257
227
218
177
60
54
($)
1
1
635
10.7
128
507
2
16
75
156
109
57
45
23
9
4
10
1
1, 571
26.5
282
1,289
15
25
95
248
280
155
149
108
72
48
36
39
11
8
1,617
27. S
338
1, 279
14
30
93
166
204
158
155
126
87
75
71
60
18
22
1,106
18,7
245
861
379
6.4
12
22
19
30
40
45
24
21
28
77
118
108
94
88
86
60
64
56
49
16
11
86
293
11
10
21
19
9
5
11
284
4.8
59
225
19
17
28
27
24
25
20
16
5
7
15
14
5
3
184
8.1
30
154
15
22
15
18
20
15
10
9
11
3
8
3
1
4
148
2.5
29
119
25
23
15
6
IS
8
9
3
3
5
3
1
Wives
All fam ilies............
Percentage________
Relief families_____
Nonrelief families. _
$0-$249__............
$250-$499______
$500-$749______
$750-$999______
$1,000-$1,249___
$1,250-$1,499___
$1,500-$1,749___$1,750-$1,999..._
$2,00O-$2,249____
$2,250-$2,499___.
$2,500-$2,999_.__
$3,000-$3,999___
$4,000-$4,999___
$5,000 and over.
5,921
100.0
1,198
4, 723
28
0.5
9
19
112
174
428
779
807
534
497
399
257
227
218
177
60
54
2
1
11
4
1
1,0 2 0
17.2
226
794
6
22
104
215
177
86
83
43
20
10
16
9
1
2
Excludes 4 wives who did not report age.
$0.05 percent or less.
1
1,715
29.0
321
1,394
13
28
99
241
279
180
165
114
85
54
55
46
14
21
1,462
24.7
312
1,150
15
22
79
145
171
135
138
129
82
79
63
58
23
11
1,016
17.1
210
806
19
34
84
104
100
80
72
84
48
61
54
41
15
10
316
5.8
54
262
21
21
26
36
34
22
23
16
11
11
18
14
4
5
217
8.7
38
179
14
21
21
21
24
23
8
9
7
7
8
8
3
5
10 1
1.7
21
80
12
18
11
5
13
6
2
3
2
4
3
1
46
0.8
7
39
12
6
3
1
5
1
6
1
2
1
1
297
TABULAR SUMMARY
D U B U Q U E , IO W A
T a b l e 19,—Report year: Num ber and 'percentage distribution of fam ilies by date
of end of report year} by occupation , 1935-86
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Occupational group
All ReDate of end of fami
lief
report year
lies fami
lies
(1 )
(3)
(2 )
Business and professional
Wage Cleri All
Independent
Salaried
earn- cal busi
Other
er
ness
and Busi Profes Busi Profes
profes ness sional ness sional
sional
( 8)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(9)
( 10 )
(1 2 )
(1 1 )
All
(4)
Number of families
All dates______ 5,925 1,198 4,727 2,567
Dec. 31, 1935---- 2,376 405 1,971 1,024
Jan. 31, 1936___
Feb. 29, 1936..._
Mar. 31, 1936...
Apr. 30, 1936.... 448 100 348 179
M ay 31, 1936. _. 411
99 312 177
148 518 277
666
June 30, 1936.
July 31, 1936.__ 782 198 586 338
Aug. 31, 1936... 784 183 601 362
63 360 195
Sept. 30, 1936... 423
4
34
30
15
Oct. 31, 1936___
1
1
Nov. 30, 1936...
937
432
74
65
104
81
74
7
110
1,018
434
515
224
72
31
272
76
67
116
133
73
42
45
56
60
58
27
9
3
7
7
8
7
14
12
35
34
41
22
4
7
15
26
17
19
13
28
25
18
110
8
1
2
1
110
159
69
11
12
2
205
81
21
Percentage
All dates______
Dec. 31, 1935— .
Jan. 31, 1936___
Feb. 29, 1936___
Mar. 31, 1936...
Apr. 30, 1936....
May 31, 1936. __
June 30, 1936__
July 31, 1936....
Aug. 31, 1936. __
Sept. 30, 1936...
Oct. 31, 1936___
Nov. 30, 1936...
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
40
34
41
39
45
43
44
43
41
44
40
8
8
8
12
7
7
7
7
13
14
8
6
12
11
11
11
5
4
13
12
15
7
4
9
16
6
10
7
13
13
7
1
(t)
11
1 0.5 percent or less.
17
16
5
(t)
11
12
13
8
1
tt)
11
8
1
9
8
1
7
7
13
7
1
(t)
8
12
11
12
11
10
10
11
10
9
5
(t)
It)
4
8
2
8
11
1
9
14
9
12
298
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
B U TTE , M O N T.
T able
1.— Family type:
Num ber of fam ilies of specified types and average number
of persons per fam ily, by income, 1985—86
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combined]
Average number
of persons per
family 2
Number of families of type1-
Other than
husband
All and wife
VII VIII Other m em
bers Un 16
der and
16 over
(9) ( 10) (ID ( 12 ) (13) (14)
Income class
(1)
All
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
(2 )
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
638
104
534
454
75
379
681
268
42
226
242
73
169
All families________ 3,510 1,047
Relief families______ 640 181
Nonrelief fam ilies... 2,870 866
7
5
$0-$249 ...................
$250-$499...............
16
9
$500-$749...............
75 36
$750-$999_................ 152 50
$1,000-$1,249__........ 296 113
$1,250-$1,499______ 415 130
$1,500-^1,749............ 363 104
$1,750-$1,999______ 414 1 1 1
$2,000-$2,249_____ 260 74
$2,250-$2,499........... 225 72
$2,500-$2,999______ 254 54
$3,000-$3,499............ 157 49
$3,500-$3,999__........ 76 18
$4,000-$4,499_.......... 43 10
$4; 6nn-$4r999
21
4
$5,000-$7,499_.......... 54 16
^ K O n -^ Q Q O
23
5
$10,000 and over3. 19
6
1
32
57
96
85
98
51
31
26
18
5
3
3
5
1
1
571
10 1
46
39
62
1
45
33
15
18
2
1
1
2
1
3
18
36
64
52
70
25
36
38
15
4
11
28
55
60
68
75
47
48
77
36
4
7
11
7
5
2
21
110
11
2
2
1
20
11
1
1
5
12
31
19
26
33
23
29
18
9
5
1
5
4
5
3
14
17
22
22
27
18
7
13
9
4
1
5
2
4
2
4
9
7
5
6
4
8
5
5
3
3
1
11
3
3
4
8
4
1
1
6
1
1 331
1
6
2
6
1
1
3.5
3.8
3.4
2 .4
2 .8
2 7
3.3
3.1
3.4
3.4
3.4
3. 5
34
3.7
3.6
4.0
4.1
3. 9
3.8
41
3.8
1.0
1.3
.9
.3
’5
’5
.9
.8
1.1
1.1.0
1. 009
1.0
1.0
1 .1
.8
.7
;
.
'.7
9
1 2
0.5
.5
.5
.1
;3
*2
'.4
.3
.3
.4
.4
.5
’5
18
.7
.9
1.3
1 .2
[9
.9
l!l
Family type:
I. 2 persons. Husband, and wife only.
II. 3 persons. Husband, wife, 1 child under 16 and no others.
III. 4 persons. Husband, wife, 2 children under 16 and no others.
IV. 3 or 4 persons. Husband, wife, 1 person 16 or over, and 1 or no other person, regardless of age.
V. 5 or 6 persons. Husband, wife, 1 child under 16,1 person 16 or over, and 1 or 2 other persons, regard
less of age.
VI. 5 or 6 persons. Husband, wife, 3 or 4 children under 16 and no others.
VII. 7 or 8 persons. Husband, wife, 1 child under 16, 4 or 6 other persons, regardless of age.
VIII. 5 or 6 persons. Husband, wife, 3 or 4 persons 16 or over.
Other. 7 or more persons. All types not included in I through VIII.
2 These are year-equivalent persons. The sum of columns (13) and (14) plus 2 (husband and wife) does
not always equal column (1 2 ). For the methods used in deriving these averages see glossary.
3 Largest income reported between $35,000 and $40,000.
1
299
TABULAR SUMMARY
T able
B U TTE , M O N T.
1A.—Family type:
N um ber of fa m ilies of specified types and average
num ber of persons per fa m ily , by occupation and in com e , 1985—86
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born]
Average number
of persons per
family 2
Number of families of type 1—
Income class and
occupational group
(1)
All
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
Wage earner
All no nrelief families_ 1,416 419 281 179 288 107
2
2
$0-$249_________
2
2
4
$250-$499_______
9
2
6
$500-$749_______
43 21 13
16
26
8
4
$750-$999_______
20
84
$1,000-$1,249___
196 73 40 22 36
7
$1,250-$1,499____
97
73
48
51
21
318
$1,500-$1,749___
203 52 44 31 38 12
$1,750-$1,999____
52 46 32 46 13
201
36 21
$2,000-$2,249___
6
22
121
18
$2,250-$2,499____
23
9 15 23 11
$2,500-$2,999___
19
30 12
9 11
5
$3,000-$3,499___
4
10
34 10
1
4
3
2
8
$3,500-$3,999___
19
1
1
$4,000-$4,499___
5
$4,500-$4,999___
1
$5,000-$7,499___
1
$7,500-$9,999___
1
$10,000 and over.
Clerical
All nonrelief families. 659 196 141 91 12 1
51
$0-$249— ..............—
1
$250-$499_.......... .........
1
7
5
$500-$749___________ 16
4
$750-$999---------------- 20
7
4
3
4
9
3
8
$1,000-$1,249_______ 56 19 15
$1,250-$1,499_______ 53 17 14 1 1
2
6
5
$1,500-$1,749............... 107 36 29 13 19
$1,750-$1,999............... 134 35 31 28 19
7
9
$2,000-$2,249___.......... 78 20 15 10
15
$2,250-$2,499_______ 73 23 14
7 15
8
$2,500-$2,999_______ 64 17
8
18
8
7
$3,000-$3,499_______ 37 10
8
3
5
5
$3,500-$3,999_..............
3
3
7
1
1
$4,000-$4,499_.............
2
7
1
1
$4,500-$4,999_______
3
$5,000-$7,499_______
1
1
$7,500-$9,999_______
1
1
$10,000 and over 3—
1
Independent busi
ness
All nonrelief families. 284 91 33 37 65 26
$0-$249...... ............
$250- $499._.......... .
3
3
1
1
$500-$749_.............
4
7
3
1
1
21
$750-$999_______
8
6
1
$1,000-$1,249____
5
2
4
30 15
$1,250-$1,499____
3
6
3
5
2
20
1
$1,500-$1,749.........
7
5
6
6
28
7
$1,750-$1,999____
6
3
5
2
24
$2,000-$2,249.........
5
2
4
3
3
18
$2,250-$2,499.........
4
3
2
25 11
4
$2,500-$2,999____
6
4
32
4
2
9
$3,000-$3,499........
22
6
3
5
3
2
$3,500-$3,999____
7
2
4
16
1
$4,000-$4,499........
3
5
10
1
3
$4,500-$4,999........
4
$5,000-$7,499____
4
1
1
4
2
17
1
1
1
$7,500-$9,999____
3
1
1
$10,000 and over
2
See footnotes at end of table.
Other than
husband
All and
wife
VII VIII Other members Un 16
der and
16 over
(9) (10) (ID (12) (13) 04)
85
1
1
10
12
17
17
11
9
4
1
2
32
31
18
4
8
5
1
4
2
3
3
1
1
1
5
2
3
1
2
1
1
1
13
9
4
10
7
2
3
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
2
2
8
5
1
1
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
18
7
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
5
2
2
6
1
1
2
1
3
1
1
2
1
2
3.4
(*)
3. 2
2. 7
3.2
3.2
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.6
36
3.7
3. 7
4.1
4. 4
(*)
(*)
(*)
0.9
0.5
.9
.5q
:9
.3
.2
3
!3
.4
.4
3.4
.9
(*)
2 6
3.5
3.1
3.3
3.1
3.5
3.6
3.4
3.5
3.9
3.0
4.4
5.2
(*)
(*)
(*)
1 .0
1.2
.9
1.0
1 .0
.8
.9
.9
.6
.3
.
.
1 .0
8
1.2
7
1 .2
1 .1
.8
.9
1.1
.1
.4
1. 3
(*)
.4
.6
.6
.9
.8
l! 2
1 .8
(*)
(*)
(*)
.5
(*)
.3
.5
,3
.2
”4
.3
.5
!6
.6
.8
.9
.
2 0
2 .0
(*)
3.5
.9
.6
2 .0
.9
.8
1.0
1. 0
.9
1.0
.7
1.3
1.3
.8
.4
1.0
.3
.8
.3
.7
.3
.4
.5
.3
.4
.4
.8
.5
.9
1.4
.2
1.1
1.4
1.0
3.2
3.3
3.1
3.4
3.4
3.2
3.4
31
4.1
3.8
3.7
3.8
2. 2
4.0
3. 7
3.8
.6
300
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
B U TTE , M O N T.
T
1A.—Family types N um ber of fa m ilies of specified types and average
num ber of persons per fa m ily , by occupation and incom e, 1 9 3 5 -3 6 —Continued
able
Average number
of persons per
family
Number of families of type—
Other than
husband
All and wife
VII VIII Other mem
bers Un 16
der an
16 over
(9) GO) (11) (12) (13) (14)
Income class and
occupational group
(1)
All
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
(2)
(3)
(4)
(b)
(6)
(7)
(8)
10
4
17
Independent professional
All nonrelief families. 61
$0-$249...... ...................
$250-$499.....................
$50O_$74Q
1
3
$750-$999
__
1
$1 000-$l,249 ____
$1,250-$1,499...............
$1,500-$1,749__...........
5
$1,750-$1,999 _______
$2 nnn_$9,940
5
$9 950—$9,499
3
$9,500-$2,999
10
$9 nnn_$3,499
4
$9 500-$3,999
2
$4 non_ $4 4QQ
2
$4 50ft-$4,999
2
$5 nnn-$7,499
8
$7 snn-^QQQ
13
2
$10,000 and over 8__
Salaried business
All nonrelief families. 226
$0-$249.... .....................
$250-$499_...................
$500-$749......................
3
2
$750-$999_............ .......
$1,000-$1,249...............
3
$1,250-$1,499................
7
$1,500-$1,749 _____
10
$-|,75n-.<fi1,999
32
$2,000-$2,249.............
17
$2,250-$2,499................ 16
$2,500-$2,999............... 32
$3,000-$3,499................ 37
*3,500-$3,999 .
18
$4,000-$4,499
14
$4,500-$4,999
5
$5 000-$7 499
20
$7,500-$9,999_______
4
$10,000 and over 8__
6
17
1
1
1
3
1
1
2
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
61
40
1
1
1
1
4
3
4
6
13
4
10
2
1
6
1
4
For footnotes, see end of table.
1
5
1
1
2
1
32
1
1
2
3
1
1
1
2
4
1
1
1
1
2
2
44
19
17
1
3
9
7
3
3
3
3
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
2
2
4
1
7
4
3
2
6
6
4
4
1
1
i
2
4
3
3
10
9
2
4
1
3
1
1
1
3
2
1
3
3
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
4
2
2
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
0.9
0.7
(*)
3. 7
(*)
(*)
.3
1.4
3.4
2.6
3.2
3.9
2.5
1 (*)
(*)
(*)
3.4
1 4.1
(*)
1
1
2
1
3.6
3.6
1.4
4
.2
1.3
*8
1.1
3
.2
(*) (*)
(*) (*)*
(*)
1 0 .4
1.6 "7
(*j
1 .1
3. 7 1. 7
(*) (*)
3. 7 1. 7
3.9 1 .6
2. 8
.6
3.3
.9
3.3 1 . 1
3.1
.9
3.9 1 .0
3. 5 .9
3.9 1 . 6
4.3 1.3
3. 7 1 . 2
3.8
.8
4.0 1 . 2
2.7
.4
.5
.3
.2
4
’2
.2
.9
.6
.3
l" o
.6
l! 1
Is
.3
301
TABULAR SUMMARY
B U T T E, M O N T.
T
able
1A.— F am ily type: Num ber of fam ilies of specified types and average
number of persons per fa m ily , by occupation and incom e , 1935-86 — Continued
Average number
of persons per
family
Number of families of type—
Other than
husband
All and wife
VII VIII Other mem
bers Un 16
der and
16 over
(9) (10) 01) (12) (13) (14)
Income class and
occupational group
(1)
All
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
53
21
30
29
18
10
1
2
3
3
5
5
4
3
1
2
1
1
2
1
3
1
3
7
3
2
3
2
1
Salaried professional
All nonrelief families. 170
$0-$249.........................
$250-$499....................
$500-$749__________
2
1
$750-$999___............ .
$1,000-$1,249...............
3
$1,250-$1,499__............ 10
$1,500-$1,749_............. 14
$1,750-$1,999_.............. 15
$2,000-$2,249__............ 21
$2,250-$2,499___........ . 17
$2,500-$2,999................ 26
$3,000-$3,499............... 22
$3,500-$3,999............... 14
$4,000-$4,499...............
5
$4,500-$4,999...............
6
7
$5,000-$7,499 ..............
1
$7,500-$9,999_______
$10,000 and over 8__
6
Other 7
All nonrelief families. 54
5
$0-$249.........................
$9*0-$499
3
$500-$749___________
3
$750-$999 .............
21
$1,000-$1;249
7
$1 9*0-$1 4QQ
7
$1 K00-$1,749
1
$1 7*0—$1,999
3
$9,000-$9,249
$9(95.0—$9,499
2
$9 *00-$9,99Q
1
$3 000-$3 499
1
$2 *00-$3,999
$4 OOO—$4,499
$4,500-$4,999 __ .
$5,000-$7,499_______
$7,500-$9,999
$10 000 and nvar
1
1
6
4
4
7
9
6
8
1
3
3
1
3
3
5
1
3
3
1
1
29
3
2
2
7
4
6
1
2
1
1
8
1
1
5
6
5
7
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
6
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
4
3
1
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
3.6
1.0
0.6
(*)
(*)
2. 7
2.8
3.4
3.8
3. 2
3.0
3.7
3.3
4.6
3.3
4.3
3.4
(*)
5.4
(*)
.5
1.0
1. 5
.7
.8
1.1
.7
1.7
.4
.7
1.0
(*)
1.4
(*)
.7
.3
.4
.3
.5
.2
.6
.6
.9
.9
1.7
.4
2.9
2.9
2.6
2.3
2.4
3.4
2. 7
2.6
(*)
2.3
(*)
(*)
(*)
.7
.4
.4
1.3
.1
.6
.3
.2
.2
.3
.1
.6
(*)
(*)
For footnotes 1 and 2, see table 1 on p. 298.
3 Largest income reported between $10,000 and $15,000.
4 Largest income reported between $25,000 and $30,000.
8 Largest income reported between $35,000 and $40,000.
• Largest income reported between $30,000 and $35,000.
7 This group contains 5 families engaged in farming, a group too small to be separately classified, and
families having no gainfully employed members.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
302
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
BUTTE, M O N T .
T a b l e 2 . — Sources
of fam ily Incom e: Num ber of fam ilies receiving income
from specified sources and average amount of such incom e , by incom e , 1935-86
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Number of families receiving—
Income class
Number of
families
(1)
(2)
All families.......................................
Relief families_________________
Nonrelief families_____________
$0-$249
$250-$499_.................................
$500-$749.__...............................
$750-$999.............................—
$1,000-$1,249_____ _________
$1,250-$1,499...........................
$1,500-$1,749_________ _____
$1,750-$1,999.............................
$2,000-$2,249______ _____
$2,250-$2,499_________ _____
$2,500-$2,999.............................
$3,000-$3,999.............................
$4,000-$4,999.............................
$5,000 and over____________
3,510
640
2,870
7
16
75
152
296
415
363
414
260
225
254
233
64
96
Money income from—
Nonmoney income from—
Other
Owned
sources Any source3 home (pos Rent as
Earnings 1 (positive
or
itive or
pay
negative) a
negative) 4
(6)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(7)
3,441
621
2,820
2
13
73
133
288
409
362
411
260
223
253
233
64
96
652
75
577
1
6
11
41
41
56
59
69
51
43
66
66
21
46
1,438
214
1,224
5
7
24
58
83
129
156
152
121
110
154
129
31
65
1,384
191
1,193
5
5
23
57
78
121
150
151
118
110
153
128
30
64
54
23
31
2
1
1
5
8
6
1
3
1
1
1
1
1 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
2 Includes 623 families, 549 of which were nonrelief, which had money income other than earnings and no
business losses met from family funds; 22 families, 21 of which were nonrelief,‘which had business losses met
from family funds and no money income other than earnings, and 7 families, all of which were nonrelief,
which had both money income and business losses met from family funds. There were, therefore, 630
families, 556 of which were nonrelief, which had money income other than earnings, whether or not they
had business losses met from family funds; and there were 29 families, 28 of which were nonrelief, which had
business losses met from family funds, whether or not they had money income other than earnings. These
latter 28 families were found in the following income classes: $500-$749,1; $750-$999, 1; $1,000-$1,249, 2; $1,250$1,499, 5; $1,500-$1,749, 1; $1,750-$1,999, 3; $2,000-$2,249, 3; $2,250-$2,499, 4; $2,500-$2,999, 3; $3,000-$3,999, 4;
$4,000-$4,999,1. See glossary for definitions of “money income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
3 The total of the numbers of families in columns (6) and (7), since no family reported nonmoney income
from both sources.
* Includes families with losses from owned homes, as well as families whose estimated rental value of
owned homes for the period of ownership and occupancy exceeded estimated expenses allocable to that
period. There were 6 families, 4 of which were nonrelief, with losses from owned homes (i. e., families whose
estimated rental value was less than estimated expenses). The latter 4 families were found in the following
income classes: $1,250-$!,499,1; $1,750-$1,999,1; $2,250-$2,499,1; $5,000 and over, 1.
303
TABULAR SUMMARY
BU T T E, M O N T .
T
2 . — Sources of fam ily in com e: Num ber of fam ilies receiving income from
specified sources , and average amount of such incom e, by income, 1935-86 1— Con.
able
Average family income
Income class
(1)
Money income from—
Total
(2)
All families_______________ «$1, 888
Relief families_________
718
Nonrelief fam ilies________ «2,149
$0-$249 ______________
159
$250-$499.... ......................
400
$500-$749_____________
652
$750-$999_____________
881
$1,000-$1,249__________
1,137
$1,250-$1,499__________
1,392
$1,500-$1,749__________
1, 611
$1,750-$1,999__________
1,859
$2,000-$2,249__........ .........
2,114
$2,250-$2,499__________
2, 368
$2,500-$2,999....................
2,729
$3,000-$3,999„_................
3, 371
$4,000-$4,999__________
4,420
$5,000 and over__............
9,001
Nonmoney income from—
(3)
Other
Owned
Earn
sources
All
home (pos Rent as
ings 2 (positive or sources itive or
pay
negative) 8
negative)4
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
$1, 788
670
2,037
41
359
605
810
1,090
l, 336
1,530
1, 773
2,000
2,238
2,543
3,175
4,208
8,632
$1, 709
643
1,947
40
257
565
678
1,032
1,297
1,493
1, 736
1,955
2,188
2,472
3,101
4,075
7,507
All
sources
$79
97
90
1
102
40
132
58
39
37
37
45
50
71
74
133
1,125
$100
48
112
118
41
47
71
47
56
81
86
114
130
186
196
212
369
$96
42
108
118
33
46
70
42
52
78
84
112
130
183
193
199
360
$4
6
4
8
1
1
5
4
3
2
2
3
3
13
9
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2) of table 2, whether or not they received
income from the specified source. Averages in columns (2), (3), (5), (6), and (7) are net figures, after deduc
tion for all families of business losses met from family funds or expenses for owned homes.
2 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
8 Includes money income other than earnings, after deduction of business losses met from family funds.
See glossary for definitions of “ money income other than earnings” and “ business losses.”
4 Represents the estimated rental value of owned homes for the period of ownership and occupancy,
less estimated expenses allocable to that period.
8 Median income for all families was $1,624; for nonrelief families, $1,817.
304
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
B U TTE , M O N T.
T a b l e 2 A.—
Sources of fam ily in com e: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving incom e
from specified sources , an d average am ount of such in com e , by occupation and
incom e , 1 9 3 5 -8 6
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Number of families receiving—
Income class and occupational Number of
group
families
(1)
Wage earner
All nonrelief fam ilies--................
$0-$499................................................
$500-$999_..........................................
$1,000-$1,499................................... .
$1,500-$1,999...................:.................
$2,000-$2,999...................... ...............
.^.nnn-ijUjQpp
$5,000 and over________________
Clerical
All nonrelief families.....................
$0-$499
$500-$999__...................................... .
$1,000-$1,499....................................
$1,500-$1,999.....................................
$2,000-$2,999......................................
$3,000-$4,999.....................................
$5,000 and over________________
Business and professional
All nonrelief families___________
$0-$499_............................................
$*nn-$ooo
$1,000-$1,499....................................
$1,500-$] ,999.....................................
$2,000-$2,999......................................
$3,000-$4,999.....................................
$5,000 and over......... ... ..................
Other
All nonrelief fam ilies....................
(2)
Money income from—
Other
sources
Earnings 4 (positive
or
negative)2
(4)
(3)
Nonmoney income from—
Any
source8
(5)
Owned
home
as
(positive Rent
pay
or
negative)4
(6)
(7)
1,416
11
127
514
404
299
59
2
1,415
11
127
513
404
299
59
2
228
2
13
59
68
68
17
1
583
4
38
152
192
157
38
2
569
3
37
144
189
156
38
2
14
1
1
8
3
1
659
1
36
109
241
215
54
3
659
1
36
109
241
215
54
3
107
1
5
10
30
45
14
2
231
1
8
22
71
96
32
1
227
1
7
20
70
96
32
1
4
741
3
40
74
128
222
183
91
741
3
40
74
128
222
183
91
198
1
13
15
26
44
56
43
378
2
27
28
41
129
89
62
365
1
27
25
38
126
87
61
13
1
3
3
3
2
1
54
5
44
32
32
1
2
1
1 See glossary for definition of “earnings."
2 Includes families having money income other than earnings, families having business losses met from
family funds, and families having both such income and such losses. See glossary for definitions of “money
income other than earnings" and “business losses."
2 The total of the numbers of families in columns (6) and (7), since no family reported nonmoney income
from both sources.
4 Includes families with losses from owned homes, as well as families whose estimated rental value of owned
homes for the period of ownership and occupancy exceeded estimated expenses allocable to that period.
305
TABULAR SUMMARY
B U TTE , M O N T.
Sources of fam ily in com e: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving incom e from
specified sources , and average am ount of such in com e , by occupation and in com e ,
1 9 3 5 -8 6 1— Continued
T a b l e 2 A .—
Average family income
Income class and occupa
tional group
(1)
Money income from—
Total
(2)
Wage earner
All nonrelief families______ «$1,697
$0-$499........................... ...........
338
812
$500-$999— .............................
$1,000-$1,499______________
1,300
$1,500-$1,999...........................
1, 735
2,369
$2,000-$2,999............... ...........
3, 484
$3,000-$4,999............................
$6,000 and nvar
(*)
Clerical
All nonrelief families______ «1, 989
$0-$499___________________
(*)
$500-$999___.............................
777
$1,000-$1,499........................
1, 261
$1,500-$1.999..........................
1,748
$2,000-$2,999............................
2, 382
$3,000-$4,999 .....................
3, 485
7, 752
$5,000 and over___________
Business and professional
All nonrelief families_____
63, 233
$0-$499........................... ...........
463
$500-$999............................. .
786
$1,000-$1,499............. ...............
1, 229
$1,500-$1,999______________
1, 758
$2,000-$2,999.............................
2,467
$3,000-$4,999............... .............
3, 667
$5,000 and over___________
9,098
Other
All nonrelief families______
1,071
Nonmoney income from- -
Other
sources
All
(positive sources
or
negative)8
(5)
(6)
All
sources
Earn
ings *
(3)
(4)
$1,612
299
762
1, 252
1,641
2, 239
3, 289
(*)
$1, 571
271
739
1,222
1,605
2,175
3,202
(*)
1,904
(*)
736
1, 224
1,682
2,270
3, 287
7, 566
1,864
(*)
704
1,208
1, 664
2,234
3, 217
5,333
3,052
398
654
1,143
1, 683
2, 275
3, 469
8, 716
2,874
385
604
1,110
1,658
2,243
3,374
7,606
178
13
50
33
25
32
95
1,110
940
120
820
C)
$41
28
23
30
36
64
87
$85
39
50
48
94
130
195
C)
32
16
18
36
70
2,233
C)
$83
35
49
44
92
130
195
(**)
$2
4
1
4
2
83
2
36
33
63
112
198
186
5
4
3
181
65
132
86
75
192
198
382
175
35
132
74
70
187
191
373
6
30
12
5
5
7
9
131
131
85
40
(*)
Owned
home
as
(positive Rent
pay
or
negative)4
(7)
(8)
(*)
41
37
66
112
198
186
(*)
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2) of table 2A, whether or not they re
ceived income from the specified source. Averages in columns (2), (3), (5), (6), and (7) are net figures,
after deduction for all families of business losses met from family funds or expenses for owned homes.
2 See glossary for definition of “earnings."
* Includes money income other than earnings, after deduction of business losses met from family funds.
See glossary for definitions of “money income other than earnings" and “business losses."
4 Represents the estimated rental value of owned home for the period of ownership and occupancy, less
estimated expenses allocable to that period.
* Median incomes were as follows: Wage-earner families, $1,569; clerical families, $1,893; business and
professional families, $2,518.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
** $0.50 or less.
306
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
B U TTE , M O N T.
3.— M oney earnings: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving net m oney earnings
and average net m oney earnings received from each source , by incom e , 1985—36
T able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born; All occupational groups and all family
types combined]
Income class
Number
of
families
(1)
(2)
All families........ ........................
Relief families..........................
Nonrelief families.....................
$0-$249...............................
$250-$499.............................
$500-$749.................. ...........
$750-$999.............................
$1,000-$1,249.......................
$1,250-$1,499.......................
$1,500-$1,749........................
$1,750-$1,999__....................
$2,000-$2,249.......................
$2,250-$2,499.....................
$2,500-$2,999_.....................
$3,000-$3,999.......................
$4,000-$4,999
$5,000 and over.................
3,510
640
2,870
7
16
75
152
296
415
363
414
260
225
254
233
64
96
Number of families receiving net
money earnings from—
Average net money earn
ings from i—
Other
Roomers
not
Indi Roomers work
Indi
and
All vidual
Any vidual
attribut
and
boarders
source earners boarders 2 able to sources earners and
other
individ
work 2
uals
(7)
(8)
(3)
(4)
(6)
(5)
(9)
3,441
621
2,820
2
13
73
133
288
409
362
411
260
223
253
233
64
96
3,436
621
2,815
2
12
71
132
287
409
362
411
260
223
253
233
64
96
115
14
101
i
4
5
7
6
21
17
13
9
8
9
1
14 $1,709 $1, 701
643
4
636
10 1, 947 1,938
40
40
1
232
257
565
553
2
678
668
1,032 1,029
1 1, 297 1, 294
2 1,493 1,480
1 1,736 1,729
1, 955 1,940
1 2,188 2,174
2,472 2,464
2 3,101 3,084
4,075 4,066
7,507 7, 507
$8
7
9
25
12
10
3
3
13
7
15
14
8
17
g
i The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2), whether or not they received money
earnings from the specified source.
a Includes only families which had net money earnings from roomers and boarders (i. e., whose gross
income from roomers and boarders exceeded estimated expenses). In addition, there were a few families
which had roomers and boarders but which received from them no net money earnings.
a Includes net money earnings from roomers and boarders and from other work not attributable to individ
uals (casual work in home, such as laundry and sewing). Average net money earnings of all nonrelief
families from other work not attributable to individuals were $0.50 or less.
307
TABULAR SUMMARY
B U TTE , M O N T.
T a ble 3A.— M oney earnings: N um ber of fa m ilies receiving net m oney earnings
and average net m oney earnings received from each source, by occupation and
incom e, 1 93 5-86
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Number of families receiving net
money earnings from—
Income class and occupa Number
of
tional group
families
(1)
(2)
Average net money earn
ings from i—
Other
Roomers
not
Indi Roomers work
Indi
and
Any vidual
attribut All vidual
and
boarders
source earners boarders 2 able to sources earners and
other
individ
work *
uals
(7)
(5)
(3)
(8) ' (9)
(6)
(4)
Wage earner
All nonrelief families-----------
1, 416
1,415
1, 415
$0-$499...................................... ..............
$500-$999....................... ........................
$1,000-$1,499........................................
$1,500-$1,999........................................
$2,000-$2,999........................................
$3,000-$4,999 .....................................
$5,000 an d o v e r .
. ___ _
11
127
514
404
299
59
2
11
127
513
404
299
59
2
11
127
513
404
299
59
2
Clerical
All nonrelief families ...............
659
659
659
$0-$499_ .............................................
$500-$999_______________ _____
$1,000-$1,499.......................................
$1,500-$1,999 ......................................
$2,000-$2,999__...................................
$3,000-$4,999_..................................
$5,000 and over_____________
1
36
109
241
215
54
3
1
36
109
241
215
54
3
1
36
109
241
215
54
3
Business and professional
All nonrelief families ______
741
741
$0-$ 49 9 _ _ ....................... ........................
$500-$999_ .......................................
$1,000-$1,499_......................................
$1,500-$1,999 ______ ___________
$2,000-$2,999 .....................................
$3,000-$4,999__...................................
$5,000 and over_____________
3
40
74
128
222
183
91
3
40
74
128
222
183
91
Other
All nonrelief families__ ___
54
5
5
51
5
2
7
1
1
3
16
1
23
16
3
2
1
6
$1,571
$1,563
$8
271
739
1, 222
1,605
2,1 7 5
3 ,2* 0 2
271
738
1, 221
1,595
2 ,156
3,181
1
1
10
19
21
1 ,864
1,858
6
252
704
1,208
1,664
2,2 3 4
3, 217
5, 333
252
692
1,206
1, 661
2,2 2 2
3,2 1 7
6,333
12
2
3
12
7
1
736
34
4
2,8 7 0
2,854
16
2
37
73
128
222
183
91
1
5
5
9
7
1
1
385
604
1,110
1,658
2, 243
3, 374
7, 606
250
557
1,089
1,637
2 ,233
3, 356
7,6 0 6
135
47
21
21
10
18
120
120
7
2
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2), whether or not they received money
earnings from the specifiedsource.
2 Includes only families which had net money earnings from roomers and boarders (i. e., whose gross
income from roomers and boarders exceeded estimated expenses). In addition, there were some families
which had roomers and boarders but which had no net money earnings from them.
s Includes net money earnings from roomers and boarders and from other work not attributable to indi
viduals (casual work in home, such as laundry and sewing). Average net money earnings of all nonrelief
families from other work not attributable to individuals were as follows: Wage-earner families, $0.50 or less;
clerical families, $0.50 or less; business and professional families, $1.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
308
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
B U TTE , M O N T.
4-4A.—Principal earners: N um ber of p rin cip a l earners, classified as hus
bands, wives, and others, w ith weeks of em ploym ent and average yea rly earnings of
p rin cip a l earners, by occupation and incom e, 1 93 5-36
T able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Number of principal earners
Num
Income class and occu ber of
fam
pational group
ilies
(1)
(2)
A ll occupations
All families.......................... 3,510
640
Relief families......................
Nonrelief families 4---------- 2,870
$0-$249._......................__
7
$250-$499....................
16
75
$500-$749__.....................
152
$750-$999____________
296
$1,000-$1,249_...............
$1,250-$1,499..................
415
$1,500-$1,749_ ................
363
$1,750-$1,999__..............
414
$2,000-$2,249_________
260
$2,250-$2,499__..............
225
$2,500-$2,999__...........
254
$3,000-$3,999__..............
233
64
$4,000-$4,999...............
$5,000 and o v e r
96
Wage earner
All nonrelief families_____ 1, 416
11
$0-$499..........................
$500-$999.......................
127
$1,000-$1,499__..............
514
404
$1,500-$1,999__...........
$2,000-$2,999 . ___
299
$3,000-$4,999_ ...............
59
2
$5,000 and over_____
Clerical
659
All nonrelief families_____
1
$0-$499...........................
$500-$999........................
36
$1,000-$1,499__.............
109
241
$1,500-$1,999..................
$2,000-$2,999................ .
215
54
$3,000-$4,999_..............
$5,000 and o v e r
3
Business and professional
741
All nonrelief families..........
$0-$499
3
$500-$999........................
40
$1,000-$l,499.................
74
$1,500-$1,999................ .
128
222
$2,000-$2,999..................
$3,000-$4,999_................
183
91
$5,000 and over.............
earn
Average Average
of prin
weeks of ings
cipal
earners8
Others
employ
ment of
Hus Wives
A ll3 bands
principal
Hus
earners
1 All
Male Female
bands
(6)
(7)
(3)
(4)
(9)
(5)
GO)
(8)
3,436
621
2,815
2
12
71
132
287
409
362
411
260
223
253
233
64
96
3, 313
572
2,741
2
12
65
129
280
403
353
406
253
219
244
224
58
93
38
24
14
61
19
42
24
6
18
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
2
5
2
6
2
6
7
3
3
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
3
1
3
1,415
11
127
513
404
299
59
2
1,386
11
122
506
402
289
56
5
22
2
3
2
1
4
2
10
3
2
1
1
659
1
36
109
241
215
54
3
628
1
33
103
231
208
49
3
14
10
736
2
37
73
128
222
183
91
722
2
36
73
126
219
176
90
7
$1,690
631
1,911
(*)
308
587
770
1,062
1,305
1,474
1,728
1, 894
2,106
2, 308
2,886
3, 532
7,486
46
13
35
45
49
50
51
1,487
271
735
1,215
1, 569
1, 987
2, 592
(*)
1,495
271
741
1, 223
1, 570
2,012
2,637
50
1, 771
(*)
687
1,191
1,649
2,109
2, 691
5,333
1, 791
(*)
703
1,202
1,672
2,124
2, 731
5, 333
2, 799
(*)
602
1,089
1, 614
2,189
3,168
7,528
2,817
(*)
603
1,089
1,623
2,195
3, 221
7,558
(*)
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
4
3
4
1
2
4
3
2
6
6
1
1
44 $1, 666
623
26
48 1,896
(*)
(*)
309
16
585
32
765
39
43 1,054
48 1,299
50 1, 463
50 1,723
51 1,876
51 2,098
51 2, 283
52 2, 842
51 3,418
52 7, 343
(*)
50
(*)
1
1
3
1
2
4
34
48
51
52
52
52
41
49
50
51
52
52
i Averages in this column are based on the number of principal earners reporting weeks of employment.
8 Averages in this section of the table are based on the corresponding counts of principal earners in columns
(3) and (4).
s The total number of principal earners given in column (3) is equivalent to the total number of families
having individual earners, since a family can have only one principal earner. The difference between the
totals in columns (2) and (3) is explained by the fact that column (2), number of families, includes cases
in which none of the family income was attributable to individual earners.
♦ Includes 54 families classified in the occupational group “Other.” These families had 5 principal earners.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
309
TABULAR SUMMARY
B U TTE , M O N T.
T a ble 5.—Number of earners In family: N um ber of fa m ilies w ith specified
num ber of in d ividu a l earners , fa m ily relation sh ip of sole earners , and average
num ber of supplem en tary earners per fa m ily , by incom e , 1 98 5-86
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Number of families with individual earners
Income class
(1)
Families
with more
than one
On<3 only
earner as
percent
Num
age of
ber of
Four
families
Other
families Any
Two Three or with
any
family Hus Wife
more indivi
mem band
dual
Fe
Male male
ber
earner 1
(5)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(4)
(6)
(10)
(3)
(2)
(11)
All families---------- 3,510
Relief fam ilies.. _ 640
Nonrelief families.. 2,870
7
$0-$249..............
$250-$499...........
16
75
$500-$749 .
152
$750-$999
$1,000-$1,249___
296
$1,250-$1,499.__
415
$1,500-$1,749___ 363
$1,750-$1,999___ 414
260
$2,000-$2,249___
$2,250-$2,499___ 225
$2,500-$2,999___ 254
$3,000-$3,999__
233
64
$4,000-$4,999__
96
$5,000 and over.
3,091
554
2, 537
2
12
71
129
280
390
340
393
227
196
189
183
38
87
3,033
525
2, 508
2
12
65
128
276
386
333
393
224
194
188
183
38
86
25
17
8
23
9
14
10
3
7
3
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
5
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
290
58
232
3
7
19
21
16
31
23
54
38
15
5
42
5
37
1
2
1
4
9
10
7
3
Average
number
of sup
plemen
tary
earners
per fam
ily 2
(12)
13
4
9
10
11
10
0.12
.13
.12
1
1
2
4
1
2
2
5
6
4
13
12
25
21
41
9
.02
.02
.05
.00
.05
.14
. 14
.30
.27
.66
.14
1 This percentage was computed by dividing the sum of columns (8), (9), (10) by column (4), of table 3 on
p. 306.
2 Based on the number of families with individual earners, column (4) of table 3 on p. 306.
310
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
B U TTE , M O N T.
6.—Sole and supplementary earners: N um ber of fa m ilies w ith in d iv i
dual earners; num ber of su pplem en tary earners classified as husbandst wives and
T able
others; average earnings of su pplem en tary earners; and average earnings of fa m ily
from su p p lem en tary earners; by incom e , 1 9 3 5 -3 6
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Number of families with Number of supplementary earn
ers
individual earners
Income class
0)
Num
One only
ber of
fami
lies Any Any
family Hus
mem band
ber
(2) (3) (4) (5)
All families............. 3,510 3,436 3,091 3,033
Relief families----- 640 621 554 525
Nonrelief families. 2,870 2,815 2,537 2,508
2
2
2
$0-$249_................
7
$250-$4Q9
12 12
16 12
71 65
$500-$749_............ 75 71
$750-1999............- 152 132 129 128
$1,000-$1,249___ 296 287 280 276
$1,250-$1,499___ 415 409 390 386
$1,500-$1,749___ 363 362 340 333
$1,750-$1,999___ 414 411 393 393
$2,000-$2,249___ 260 260 227 224
$2,250-$2,499___ 225 223 196 194
$2,500-$2,999___ 254 253 189 188
$3,000-$3,999___ 233 233 183 183
38 38
$4,000-$4,999___ 64 64
87 86
$5,000 and over__ 96 96
Average Average
earnings
Others 4 earnings
per fam
of all ily
from
supple supple
More
Hus Wives
mentary mentary
than All bands
one 8
Fe earners1 earners8
Male male
(6)
(7)
(8)
345
67
278
416
82
334
57
19
38
88
15
73
3
7
19
22
18
33
27
64
50
26
9
3
7
19
23
20
36
31
75
64
42
14
2
2
2
2
4
4
2
7
8
3
2
1
3
8
10
3
9
9
18
10
2
(9)
GO) (11)
(12)
(13)
168
32
136
103
16
87
$580
236
664
$69
30
77
2
8
6
10
13
13
24
31
21
8
1
5
3
10
7
26
15
16
4
179
278
289
333
387
452
670
642
877
991
1,105
4
6
13
21
19
62
92
189
241
650
161
* Averages in this column are based on the corresponding counts of supplementary earners in column (7).
2 Averages in this column are based on the number of families as shown in column (2).
8 Families that have supplementary earners.
4 Includes 7 males and 1 female under 16 years of age.
311
TABULAR SUM M ARY
B U TTE , M O N T.
6A.— Sole and supplementary earners: N um ber of fa m ilies w ith in d i
vidual earners; num ber of su pplem en tary earners classified as husbands , w ives ,
and others; average earnings of su p p lem en tary earners; and average earnings of
fa m ily from supplem en tary earners; by occupation and incom e , 1 93 5 -3 6
T able
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
NumIncome class and oc ber of
cupational group fami
lies
(1)
(2)
Number of families
with individual Number of supplementary earners
earners
Average Average
earnings earnings
fam
of all per from
Others 4 supple ily
.supple
mentary mentary
Hus Wives
One More
Any only
than All bands
earners 1 earners 3
one3
Fe
Male male
(3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
(9) (10)
(12)
(8)
(11)
Wage earner
All nonrelief families __ 1,416 1, 415 1,272
11 11 11
$0-$499..............................
$500-$999__ ____ _____ 127 127 125
514 513 495
$1,000-$l ,499...............
$1,500-$1,999__................ 404 404 381
$2,000-$2,999.................. 299 299 226
59 59 34
$3,000-$4,999__................
2
$5,000 and over.. __
Clerical
All nonrelief families.. 659 659 591
1
1
1
$0-$499 ......................
36 36 35
$500-$999 ..................
$1,000-$1,499_................. 109 109 103
$1,500-$1,999__________ 241 241 232
$2,000-$2,999 _____
215 215 182
54 54 35
$3,000-$4,999________
3
3
3
$5,000 and over__
Business and
professional
All nonrelief families.. 741 736 669
$0-$499 ____________
3
2
2
$500-$999 ....................
40 37 37
$1,000-$1,499____ _____
74 73 71
$1,500-$1,999 ____
128 128 120
$2,000-$2,999__________ 222 222 204
$3,000-$4,999.......... ....... 183 183 151
91 91 84
$5,000 and over_______
Other
5
5
All nonrelief families. _ 54
143
169
17
35
82
35
$641
$76
2
18
23
73
25
2
2
18
24
83
37
5
2
1
1
8
3
2
7
8
17
3
9
11
36
23
3
1
4
22
8
(*)261
409
613
936
1,601
3
9
24
170
587
68
80
15
19
18
28
716
87
1
6
9
33
19
1
6
10
38
25
3
5
4
3
1
2
1
13
2
1
2
7
8
2
14
12
(*)275
268
643
1,131
5
15
11
114
524
67
85
6
19
36
24
661
76
2
8
18
32
7
2
9
21
44
9
1
5
2
4
6
7
3
7
21
5
2
7
11
4
(*)
323
470
793
829
15
23
44
191
82
C)
1 Averages in this column are based on the corresponding counts of supplementary earners in column (6).
2 Averages in this column are based on the number of families as shown in column (2).
3 Families that have supplementary earners.
4 Includes persons under 16 years of age as follows: Wage-earner families, 4 males and no females; clerical
families, 2 males and no females; business and professional families, 1 male and no females.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
78127°—4<
21
—E arnings of su pplem entary earners:
N um ber of supplem entary earners w ith earnings of specified am ount , by fa m ily incom e ,
1 9 8 5 -3 6
312
T able 7.
B U TTE , M O N T.
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
(1 )
All families...........................
Relief families___________
Nonrelief families_________
$0-$249..............................
$250-$499............__ „
$500-$749.........................
$750-$999_____________
$1,000-$1,249_ . .
$x,250-$l,499...................
$1,500-$1,749....................
$1,750-$1,999__________
$2,000-$2,249.............
$2,250-$2,499....................
$2,500-$2,999.
$3,000-$3,999-_
$4,000-$4,999.............
$5,000 and over............
Average
earnings
of supple
mentary* Any Under $50-$99 $100$199
earners amount $50
(3)
(4)
(5)
345
67
278
$580
236
664
416
82
334
3
7
19
22
18
33
27
64
50
26
9
179
278
289
333
387
452
670
642
877
991
1,105
3
7
i9
23
20
36
31
75
64
42
14
(7)
(6)
Number of supplementary earners with earnings of—
$200$299
$300$399
$400$499
$500$599
$600$699
$700$/99
$800$899
(8)
(9)
(10 )
(1 1 )
(1 2 )
(13)
(14)
26
13
13
34
i7
17
49
15
34
39
1
2
1
1
2
3
3
i
1
2
6
1
5
5
4
3
1
1
2
4
2
1
1
3
4
3
7
5
2
11
28
2
1
4
3
5
47
13
34
l
1
6
3
6
4
6
6
1
21
6
15
1
2
1
1
6
2
2
23
2
21
2
3
1
2
5
3
2
1
2
2,000
$900- $1 ,000- $1,500- $and
$999 $1,499 $1,999 over
(15)
(17)
(16)
(18)
30
16
19
71
15
2
24
30
3
13
1
1
15
2
3
3
2
6
8
1
2
24
2
6
2
6
1
1
3
4
2
10
5
2
2
18
70
1
2
2
4
5
3
7
3
2
2
4
19
24
17
6
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
Number
of fami
lies with
any sup
plemen
tary
earners
(2 )
T able 8. — Husbands
as earners:
B U TTE , M O N T.
N um ber and average yea rly earnings of husbands classified as p rin c ip a l or supplem entary earners , by
age and fa m ily incom e , 1 93 5-86
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Principal earners by age groups
Income class
(1)
Supplementary earners by age groups
Un65
Any der 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 and Any
20
over
(2) (3) (4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10) (11) (12) (13) (14)
Un
der 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
20
(15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24)
65
and
over
(25)
All families............... 3,310
Relief families.......... 572
Nonrelief fam ilies.. 2,738
$n-.$24Q
2
12
*2Sn-$4QQ 64
$50O-$749
$750-$999............ 129
$l,000-$l,249-__. 280
$l,250-$l,499-_._ 403
$1,500-$1,749___ 353
$1,750-$1,999___ 406
$2,000-$2,249___ 252
$2,250-$2,499_„_ 218
$2,500-$2,999.___ 244
$3,000-$3,999___ 224
58
$4,000-$4,999___
93
$5,000 and over.
1
1
120
43
77
383
84
299
510
77
433
585
92
493
7
8
18
20
10
9
1
2
2
1
8
17
47
77
55
43
18
16
11
5
1
1
8
13
47
79
70
84
45
25
26
26
5
4
2
7
20
43
57
65
86
58
55
43
43
7
7
487
68
419
1
1
5
17
36
51
63
63
42
25
54
37
9
15
381
57
324
348
48
300
224
37
187
158
39
119
3
5
11
26
40
25
33
35
42
46
36
9
13
3
8
12
24
37
29
43
24
28
32
29
10
21
7
12
16
21
19
21
12
11
12
30
9
17
5
6
11
15
10
15
15
7
13
13
4
5
113
26
87
1
1
4
13
12
6
7
9
2
7
5
5
4
11
57
19
38
2
2
2
2
4
4
2
7
8
3
2
2
2
4
2
2
6
3
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
3
2
1
1
6
2
4
7
1
6
5
1
4
10
4
6
12
3
9
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
1
TABULAR SUMMARY
Number of husbands 1
Average earnings of husbands 2
All nonrelief fami
lies........................... $1,911
$1,327 $1,501 $1,778 $1,876 $1,958 $2,138 $2,024 $2, 267 $1. 986 $2, 375 $876
(*)
(*) $831 C) $225 $908 $1,125 $906 $1,102
313
1 Excludes 3 principal earners who did not report age.
2 Averages for each age group are based on the corresponding numbers of husbands in the upper section of the table; the 2 averages for all age groups combined are based on the
corresponding total numbers of husbands, including those who did not report age.
*Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
314
T able 9.—Wives as earners:
XUTTE, MONT.
N um ber and average yearly earnings of wives classified as p rin cip a l or supplem en tary earners , by age and
fa m ily incom e , 1 98 5-86
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family tpyes combined]
Principal earners by age groups
(1)
Un
Un
65
Any der 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 and Any der 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
20
20
over
(2) (3) (4)
(6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (ID (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24)
(S)
65
and
over
(25)
Number of wives
All families
Relief families.........
Nonrelief families. _.
$0-$249..................
$250-$499..............
$500-$749.......... .
$750-$999..............
$l,00(h$l,249____
$1,250-$1,499........
$1,500-$1,749____
$1,750-$1,999........
$2,000-$2,249........
$2,250-$2,499
$2,500-$2,999____
$3,000-$3,999........
$4,000-$4,999.......
$5,000 and over..
2
38
24
14
2
3
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
5
2
3
1
1
11
9
2
2
1
1
1
1
6
3
3
1
1
6
3
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
1
1
88
15
73
1
1
1
3
8
10
3
9
9
18
10
2
4
1
3
1
2
15
2
13
1
1
2
2
2
3
1
1
18
18
1
1
1
1
3
2
7
2
17
2
15
2
6
1
2
2
1
1
15
2
13
11
3
8
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
3
1
1
2
1
1
2
4
2
2
3
2
1
1
1
1
Average earnings of wives 1
All nonrelief families. $924
(*)
$1,080
C)
$608 $375
(*)
$609
$1,024 $603 $651 $595 $452 $577
C)
(*)
i Averages for each age group are based on the corresponding numbers of wives in the upper section of the table; the 2 averages for all age groups combined are based on the
corresponding total number of wives.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
Supplementary earners by age groups
B U TTE , M O N T.
T
a b l e
10.—Money income other than earnings:
N um ber of fa m ilies receiving m oney incom e other than earnings, and average am ount
received, by source and total incom e, 1 93 5 -8 6 1
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combinedj
Income class
Number
of famil
ies
U)
(2)
3.510
640
2,870
7
16
75
152
296
415
363
414
260
225
254
233
64
96
Any
source
(3)
630
74
556
1
6
10
40
39
51
58
67
48
42
65
63
20
46
Average money income, other than earnings, received from i—
Rent from Interest Pensions, Gifts for Miscel
Rent from Interest Pensions, Gifts for
All
property and divi annuities, current laneous
property and divi annuities, current sources
sources3
dends
benefits
use
use
(net)
dends
benefits
(net)
(12)
(13)
GO)
(9)
(7)
(6)
(8)
(4)
(11)
(5)
148
16
132
1
3
13
5
9
21
15
12
9
19
13
5
7
251
4
247
1
1
2
7
7
12
15
30
26
24
31
36
15
40
152
26
126
69
18
51
2
2
17
23
26
14
18
6
3
5
5
1
4
1
4
7
2
5
7
6
6
4
5
3
1
$81
27
93
10
102
40
132
59
41
37
42
45
54
72
79
135
1,124
$11
5
12
22
6
14
7
7
11
7
8
10
16
10
37
70
$39
1
47
10
2
6
11
7
2
2
4
16
22
28
37
87
1,009
$20
12
22
$3
2
4
$8
7
8
42
12
86
41
27
16
21
6
7
7
7
11
28
28
11
13
1
1
2
5
7
1
5
3
8
5
8
3
4
6
5
8
14
16
22
17
(**)
TABULAR SUM M A RY
All families_____ _ __________________
Relief families_________________________
Nonrelief families_____________________
$0-$249
. .
$250-$499_________________________
$500-$749____________ ____ ________
$750-$999__________________________
$1,000-$1,249_______________________
$1,250-$1,499_______________________
$1,500-$1,749_______________________
$1,750-$1,999________ ______________
$2,000-$2,249_______________________
$2,250-$2,499_______________________
$2,500-$2,999_______________________
$3,000-$3,999______ ________________
$4,000-$4,999 ...........................
$5,000 and over-----------------------------
Number of families receiving money income other than
earnings from—
1 See glossary for definition of “money income other than earnings.”
* Averages are based on all families, column (2), whether or not they received money income other than earnings.
* Includes money income other than earnings from sources other than those specified, including profits from business enterprises partially or wholly owned but not operated by
family members. See glossary for further definition of “profits.”
** $0.50 or less.
315
a b l e
11.—Nonmoney Income from owned homes:
B U TTE , M O N T.
N um ber of fa m ilies owning homes w ith and w ithout m ortgages; average rental value ,
average expense , and average nonm oney incom e from home ownership; by incom e , 1 9 3 5 -8 6
316
T
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Income class
0)
All families...................................
Relief fa m ilie s.........................
N o n r e lie f families.........................
$0-$249.................................
$250-$499..................................
$500-$749______ __________
$750-$999..................................
$1,000-$1,249.....................
$1,250-$l,499.......................
$1,500-$1,749...........................
$1,750-$1,999...........................
$2,000-$2,249...........................
$2,250-$2,499.........................
$2,500-$2,999.........................
$3,000-$3,999............................
$4,000-$4,999............................
$5,000 and over.......................
All
Owning
homes 1
(2)
(3)
3, 510
640
2, 870
7
16
75
152
296
415
363
414
260
225
254
233
64
96
1, 384
191
1,193
5
5
23
57
78
121
150
151
118
110
153
128
30
64
Mortgaged homes
Homes free from mortgage
Families owning
homes free from
mortgage
Families owning
Average expense3 Average Interest
as per
Average Average Average mortgaged homes Average
non
rental
rental expense 3 non
money ofcentage
money
rental
valu e2
value2
income 4 value
income 4 Number Percent
Number Percent
Interest O th er
age 5
age 5
(15)
(12)
(14)
(13)
(4)
(5)
GO)
(8)
(6)
(9)
(7)
(ID
1,123
150
973
4
4
21
47
56
96
114
129
89
92
126
112
28
55
81
78
82
(t)
(t)
(t)
82
72
79
76
85
75
84
82
88
93
86
$362
228
383
255
178
230
271
270
282
287
337
366
396
426
491
569
760
$101
78
105
83
64
79
85
85
87
88
97
102
107
113
123
138
170
$261
150
278
172
114
151
186
185
195
199
240
264
289
313
368
431
590
261
41
220
l
1
2
10
22
25
36
22
29
18
27
16
2
9
19
22
18
(t)
(t)
(t)
18
28
21
24
15
25
16
18
12
7
14
$342
249
359
(•)
(•)
(*)
376
265
226
299
329
384
360
482
441
(*)
613
$78
54
83
(•)
(*)
(*)
72
77
49
64
83
78
93
94
99
(*)178
$97
81
100
(*)
(*)
(*)104
85
73
89
95
103
101
122
115
(*)145
$167
114
176
(*)
(*)
(•)
200
103
104
146
151
203
166
266
227
(*)
290
23
22
23
33
46
33
19
29
22
21
25
20
26
19
22
28
29
* Includes all families occupying owned homes at any time during the report year.
* Based on estimate made by home owner, for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. This period averages, in general, approximately 12 months.
8 Expense for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. Expense other than interest, columns (7) and (13), estimated on basis of average relationship between rontal
value and expense.
4 Nonmoney income for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. Obtained by deducting estimated expense (including interest) from rental value.
*Based on number of families owning homes, column (3).
fPercentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Number of families
T a b l e 1 2 .—
Monthly rental value:
B U TTE , M O N T.
Number of home-owning fam ilies having homes with specified monthly rental value , by income , 1935-36
[White families including husband and wife, both native bom: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Income class
( 1)
Relief families____
N onrelief families—
$0-$249............ ..
$250-$499_____
$500-$749_____
$750-$999_____
$l,000-$l,249_-_
$1,250-$1,499_$1,500-$1,749_$1,750-$1,999_ —
$2,000~$2,249__
$2,250-$2,499__
$2,500-$2,999__
$3,000-$3,999__
$4,000-$4,999__
$5,000 and over.
3, 413
613
2,800
6
14
72
146
285
405
356
405
252
220
248
233
64
95
1,373
188
1,185
4
5
23
55
78
121
149
150
117
110
151
127
30
65
40
31
42
(t)
(t)
32
38
27
30
42
37
46
50
61
54
47
68
Average
Number of home-owning families reporting monthly rental value of—
monthly
rental
value of
owned Under $5-$9 $10-$14 $15-$19 $20-$24 $25-$29 $30-$34 $35-$39 $40-$44 $45-$54 $55-$74 $75 and
over
hom es2 $5
(13)
(17)
(16)
(6)
(9)
(15)
(10)
(12)
(14)
(7)
(8)
(5)
(ID
$30.40
20.00
32.10
22. 50
19. 40
20.10
24. 40
22. 60
23. 40
24. 60
28. 50
31.80
32.80
36. 50
41.10
47. 60
61.70
12
8
4
2
2
79
38
41
1
2
4
7
10
9
5
2
1
158
42
116
1
1
6
10
17
21
26
13
8
6
6
1
219
40
179
1
1
4
10
11
41
37
31
17
13
5
8
236
32
204
1
2
4
12
18
19
28
30
25
19
31
11
3
1
170
9
161
1
3
9
15
10
23
20
18
19
22
16
2
3
146
12
134
122
2
120
148
4
144
2
6
6
8
14
18
11
13
29
22
3
2
3
2
6
6
22
13
17
23
19
6
3
1
6
5
11
19
22
20
30
7
23
51
51
32
1
31
1
4
11
15
6
14
4
5
3
19
TABULAR SUM M A RY
A ll fam ilies-.............
Number Home-owning
families
of home
owning
and
renting
Percent
families Number age3
(3)
(4)
(2)
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as home-owning families
or as renting families according to their status at the date of interview.
2 Based on estimate made by home owner for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. Averages are based on the number of home-owning families, as of end of
report year column (3).
3 Based on the number of home-owning and renting families, column (2).
tPercentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
CO
-4
318
B U TTE , M O N T.
T able
13.— Monthly rent:
Number of renting fam ilies reporting specified monthly rent , by income , 1935-86
1
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
( 1)
All families..............
Relief families____
N onrelief families __
$0-$249...............
$250-$499_____
$500-$749__........
$750-$999...........
$1,000-$1,249___
$1,250-$1,499___
$1,500-$1,749___
$1,750-$1,999—
$2,000-$2,249—
$2,250-$2,499__
$2,500-$2,999__
$3,000-$3,999__
$4,000-$4,999—
$5,000 and over.
3,413 2,040
613 425
2,800 1, 615
6
14
72
145
285
405
356
405
252
220
248
233
64
95
49
90
207
284
207
255
135
110
97
106
34
30
60
58
(t)
(t)
68
62
73
70
58
63
54
50
39
46
53
32
$22.20
14. 60
24.20
(*)
16.40
19.30
18.40
18.60
17.80
21.70
24. 60
25.80
29.40
29.30
38.20
40.50
52.20
65
40
25
406
174
232
497
127
370
1
2
6
6
4
1
2
1
1
1
8
17
53
86
24
18
11
7
5
2
4
19
26
64
91
64
57
17
14
4
7
2
1
1
348
53
295
1
1
8
14
34
51
46
68
27
15
22
5
3
252
16
236
1
4
13
26
28
35
37
38
22
23
6
2
1
129
7
122
123
3
120
75
3
72
$75
and Rent
over free *
(17) (18)
92
37
3
13
92
37
3
11
1
4
5
12
9
17
21
18
11
10
11
3
3
4
5
8
8
26
13
15
13
19
4
2
1
5
5
4
14
3
13
5
16
2
4
1
1
3
9
6
10
12
28
13
9
1
4
1
1
l
2
3
1
2
2
11
5
10
2
3
1
3
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as home-owning families or
as renting families according to their status at the date of interview.
2 Rent reported at date of interview. Averages are based on the number of renting families in each class that reported monthly rent including families receiving rent free, the
amount of which was estimated by the family.
a Based on the number of home-owning and renting families, column (2).
4 Consists of families receiving rent as gift.
fPercentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
*Averages not computed for fewor than 3 cases.
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
Renting
Number of renting families reporting monthly rent ofNumber families
of home
Average
owning
monthly
and
Per ren t2 Un
renting Num cent
der $5-$9 $10—$14 $15-$19 $20-$24 $25-$29 $30-$34 $35-$39 $40-$44 $45-$54 $55-$74
families ber age 3
$5
(12) (13) (14) (15) (16)
(6;
(10) (ID
(7)
(8)
(9)
(4)
(5)
(3)
( 2)
B U TTE , M O N T.
T able
14A.—Average monthlyrental
rentalvalue,
value
and average monthly rents Number of home-owning and renting fam ilies, average monthly
and average monthly rent, by occupation and income, 19S5-S6 1
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Occupational group: Wage earner
Income class
All nonrelief families 5_._
$0-$499 ........ ...................
$500-$999...... ......................
$1,000-$1,499—........ ...........
$1,500-$1,999.......................
$2,000-$2,999_._..................
$3,000-$4,999......................
$5,000 and over......... .......
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families2
Average
monthly—
Number of
families
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families2
Average
monthly—
Occupational group: Business and professional
Number of
families
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families2
Average
monthly—
Home Rent Home- Rent Rental
Home Rent Home Rent Rental
Home Rent Home Rent Rental
owning ing owning ing value3 R ent4 owning ing owning ing value3 Rent 4 owning ing owning ing value 3 R en t4
(10)
(8)
(6)
(9)
(2)
(3)
(7)
(4)
(5)
(ID (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19)
566
3
36
144
187
156
38
2
810
6
85
352
209
137
21
41
(t)30
29
47
53
64
(t)
59 $26. 40 $19. 00
16. 70
(t)70 21.70
22.00 17.20
71 21. 70 16.80
53 25.50 20. 00
47 30.40 23.20
36 35. 50 26.20
(*)
225
1
7
20
70
94
32
1
417
26
88
169
111
22
1
35
(t)21
19
29
46
59
(t)
65 $30.60 $25.70
(*)
79 25.00 23.70
81 22.80 20.10
71 27. 40 25. 60
54 31.90 28.00
41 39.20 39. 60
(t)
(*)
(*)
363
1
26
25
38
125
86
62
366
2
13
47
84
94
97
29
50
(t)67
35
31
57
47
68
50 $42. 30
(*)
(t)33 24.90
65 29.40
69 30.30
43 39.60
53 46.40
32 62.20
$34. 30
(*)
23.60
24.90
27.00
34.60
41. 30
52.60
TABULAR SUMMARY
(1)
Number of
families
Occupational group: Clerical
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as home-owning families or
as renting families according to their status at the date of interview.
2 Based on the number of home-owning and renting families in the respective occupational groups.
8 Based on estimate made by home owner for period of ownership and occupancy during the report year. Averages are based on the number of home-owning families as of end of
report year.
4
Rent as reported at date of interview. Averages in this column are based on the number of families reporting monthly rent, including families receiving rent as gift, the amount
of which is estimated by the family.
6
Of the families classified in the occupational group “Other,” 53 did not change their living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Of the latter
group, 31 families, or 58 percent, were owning families. Their average monthly rental value was $27.90. The remaining 22 families were renting families. Their average monthly
rent was $17.10.
t Percentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
* Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
CO
h-
4
SO
320
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
B U TTE , M O N T.
15-16.— Type of living quarters: Number and 'percentage of owning
and renting fam ilies occupying specified types of living quarters , by tenure and
incom e , 1935-86 1
T ables
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Income class
Nuinber of
families
(1)
(2)
Owning families, alL
Relief families ____
Nonrelief fam ilies...
$0-$249.................
$250-$499.............
$500-$749.............
$750-$999.............
$1,000-$1,249___
$1,250-$1,499___
$1,500-$! ,749___
$1,750-$1,999___
$2,000-$2,249___
$2,250-$2,499___
$2,500-$2,999___
$3,000-$3,999___
$4,000-$4,999___
$5,000 and over_.
Renting families, all.
Relief families_____
Nonrelief families...
$0~$249 _______
$250-$499 ___
$500-$749______
$750-$999._ ___
$1,000-$1,249___
$1,250-$1,499___
$1,500-$1,749___
$1,750-$1,999___
$2,000-$2,249___
$2,250-$2,499___
$2,500-$2,999___
$3,000-$3,999___
$4,000-$4,999___
$5,000 and over..
1,373
188
1,185
4
5
23
55
78
121
149
150
117
110
151
127
30
65
2,040
425
1.615
2
9
49
90
207
284
207
255
135
110
97
106
34
30
Number of families occupying—
Onefamily
house
(3)
Twofamily
house
(4)
1,247
172
1,075
4
4
17
46
75
104
129
139
110
103
143
115
25
61
901
236
665
82
11
71
4
4
1
13
11
9
6
4
6
7
4
2
381
69
312
6
23
42
84
131
81
100
58
38
39
36
12
15
1
16
40
64
39
50
23
16
19
24
7
6
Percentage of families occupying*—
OneApart Other s fainily
ment
house
(6)
(7)
(5)
25
5
20
2
2
2
7
1
1
1
1
3
690
108
582
22
17
27
73
81
82
94
50
53
37
41
15
8
19
91
91
90
19
2
3
2
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
68
12
56
2
5
10
8
5
11
4
3
2
5
1
Twofamily
house
(8)
(+1
(t)
(t)
(t)
84
96
86
87
92
94
93
94
90
84
94
44
58
42
47
46
41
46
39
39
43
35
40
34
35
50
Apart Ot
ment
(9)
(10)
6
6
6
2
3
2
7
1
10
7
6
5
4
4
6
13
3
19
16
19
4
3
2
5
1
1
1
2
34
25
36
5
2
1
1
2
1
2
3
3
3
3
3
(t) 14
18
19
23
19
20
17
14
20
23
21
20
(t)
(t) 35
30
35
28
40
37
37
48
38
38
44
27
4
6
5
3
2
4
3
3
2
5
3
(t)
1
2
(t)
(t)
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the
date of interview.
2 Percentages are based on number of families in each class, column (2).
3 Includes dwelling units in business buildings, other types of living quarters not elsewhere specified, and
unknown types of living quarters.
t Percentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
B U TTE , M O N T.
T a b l e 1 7 .—
Members ofof household
not in economic family: Num ber of fam ilies having persons in the household who were not members
the economic fa m ily , and average number of such nonfam ily members , by incom e , 1935—36
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Number of families having in the household nonfamily members of Average number of nonfamily members of specified typ e9 (based on
families having such members)
specified typ e1
Income class
All families................................. 3,510
Relief fam ilies.............. ...........
640
N onrelief families.................._. 2,870
$0-$249..................................
7
$250-$499...............................
16
$500-$749____________
75
$750-$999...............................
152
296
$1,000-$1,249........................
415
$1,250-31,499.......................
$1,500-31,749________
363
414
$1,750-11,999........................
260
$2,000-$2,249........................
$2,250-$2,499.......................
225
$2,500-$2,999........................
254
$3,000-$3,999........................
233
$4,000-$4,999........................
64
$5,000 and over ___
96
680
74
606
30
3
27
70
7
63
17
3
14
3
14
33
38
49
67
79
62
55
60
65
24
57
2
2
1
2
7
5
3
3
2
1
1
3
3
3
16
9
7
7
5
8
1
1
2
1
1
4
2
1
1
121
5
116
4
3
3
6
9
7
14
20
9
40
7
3
4
3
1
2
1
1
1
3
505
57
448
0.4
.3
LI
1.3.
1.1
0.9
.7
.9
1.2
1.0
1.3
2
12
26
31
44
48
62
41
44
43
47
17
31
.4
.5
.4
.2
.3
.5
.4
.4
.5
.5
.5
.5
.8
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
1. 6
.6
1.3
1.0
H
(*)
(*)
.5
.7
.7
.7
1.0
.9
1.2
1.0
1.3
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
1.6
(*)
.5
(*)
(*)
0.7
(**)
.7
.6
C)
.2
.7
.6
,4
.6
.8
.6
.8
.9
0.8
.4
1.2
(*)
L2
(**)
O
H
(•)
(*)
0.2
.1
.2
<*) 2
.2
.1
.1
.2
1
!i
.2
.3
1 Excludes a small number of families which had nonfamily members in the household but which did not report the duration of their membership.
2 Averages in each column are based on the corresponding counts of families, in columns (3) through (10) . The number of nonfamily members is expressed in terms of year-equiva
lent persons. This figure is computed for each family by dividing by 52 the total number of weeks of residence in the household for all nonmembers of the economic family.
‘Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
** 0-05 or less.
H-*>
TABULAE SUMMAEY
(1)
Occupying rooms on nontransient
Occuping rooms on nontransient
basis
Num
basis
ber of Any
Board Tour
All non
Board Tour
families non
ers ists and Guests
ers ists and Guests family Sons and
family Sons and Other Room
trans
without
Room
Other
without
mem
trans
daughters roomers ers
mem daughters roomers ers
room
ients
Paid
room
Paid
ients
bers
rooming
ber rooming with without help
with
help
without
and
and
boarding board board
boarding board board
(17)
(16)
(14)
(10)
(18)
(15)
(12)
(13)
(3)
(2)
(8)
(4)
(5)
(7)
(9)
(6)
(ID
CO
322
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
BUTTE, M O N T .
18.— Age of husbands and wives: N um ber of husbands and num ber of
T able
w ivesy by age and fa m ily incom e , 1 9 3 5 -8 6
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combinedl
Income class
0
Num
ber re
porting Under
20-29
age 1
20
)
(2 )
(3)
(4)
Number with ages of—
30-39 .40-49
(5)
50-59
60-64
65-69
(7)
(8)
(9)
(6)
and
70-74 75over
GO)
(1 1 )
Husbands
All fam ilies............ 3,507
Percentage............ . 100.0
Belief families_____
640
Nonrelief fam ilies.. 2,867
$0-$249_..................
7
$250-$499............ .
16
$500-$749_..............
74
152
$750-$999 ..............
$1,000-$1,249_____
296
$1,250-$1,499_____
415
$1,500-$1,749..........
363
$1,750-$1,999_____
414
$2,000-$2,249.........
259
$2,250-$2,499
224
$2,500-$2,999_........
254
$3,nno-$a;ft99
233
$4,000-$4,999_____
64
$5,000 and over...
96
U)
1
l
509
14.5
127
382
1
16
28
66
97
65
52
19
18
14
5
1
1,125
82.1
184
941
905
25.8
143
762
3
16
40
92
137
136
171
103
81
69
69
13
5
12
31
65
94
90
99
78
67
100
73
18
28
11
2
613
17.5
96
517
3
4
17
26
43
60
52
65
38
39
46
65
20
39
183
5.2
47
136
425
12.1
79
346
114
3.2
2
2
1
1
1
6
8
13
16
12
16
17
9
13
13
5
7
88
2.5
20
68
4
11
9
7
3
6
3
5
2
6
46
1.3
13
33
1
1
5
5
3
4
1
1
3
3
3
1
1
2
3
3
5
2
20
13
0.4
8
1
2
1
42
1.2
19
23
0.6
5
15
4
37
1.1
9
28
5
1
1
2
Wives
All families_______ 3, 500
Percentage.......... ... 100.0
Relief families_____
639
Nonrelief fam ilies.. 2 , 861
$0-$249_.......... .......
7
$250-$499_.......... .
16
74
$500-$749__............
$750-$999.... ...........
151
$1,000-$1,249..........
295
$1,250-$1,499_____
415
$1,500-SI,749_____
363
$1,750-$1,999_____
414
$2,000-$2,249..........
258
$2,250-$2,499_____
224
$2,500-$2,999..........
254
$3,000-$3,999..........
232
$4.000-$4,999_____
63
$5,000 and over...
95
27
0.8
11
16
1
3
2
3
7
883
25.2
193
690
2
19
37
102
143
12 0
117
49
42
24
25
7
3
1,137
82.5
180
957
1
16
49
80
125
130
156
104
86
102
78
12
18
839
2 4 .0
124
715
3
7
11
27
58
89
71
85
70
62
84
82
23
43
i Excludes 3 husbands and 10 wives who did not report age.
X 0.05 percent or less.
17
17
36
38
33
44
25
27
32
36
11
26
22
92
5
9
12
10
7
8
9
4
5
9
9
3
1
1
1
5
3
1
1
2
3
3
1
1
6
7
1
1
3
2
1
2
1
3
1
1
1
2
l
1
1
323
TABULAR SUM M A RY
BU TTE, M O N T.
T able
N um ber and percentage distribu tion of fa m ilies by date
of end of report yeart by occupation , 1 9 8 5 -3 6
19.— R e p o rt y e a r:
lWhite families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Occupational group
All Relief
Date of end of fami
fami
report year
lies lies
(1 )
(2 )
(3)
Business and professional
Wago Cleri All busi Independent
Salaried
All earner
Other
cal
ness
and
profes Busi Profes Busi- | Profes
sional ness sional ness sional
(6)
( 12 )
(9)
( 10 )
(4)
(5)
(7)
(8 )
(ID
Number of families
All dates............. 3, 510
Dec. 31,1935—
946
Jau. 31, 1936___
Feb. 29, 1936___
11
Mar. 31, 1936... 132
Apr. 30. 1936... . 175
Mav 31. 1936... 385
June 30 1936.... 480
Julv 31, 1936.... 668
Aug. 31, 1936. . . 618
Sept. 30, 1936...
88
7
Oct. 31. 1936___
Nov. 30, 1936
640 2,870 1,416
165 781 367
11
5
32 100
55
71
45 130
89 296 143
87 393 213
141 527 290
77 541 248
24
84
4
7
659
198
1
16
30
73
82
116
128
14
1
741
201
5
27
26
73
86
113
160
44
6
284
81
2
9
61
20
1
1
1
226
54
170
46
54
15
1
1
10
2
29
50
56
3
5
6
16
7
26
29
33
56
7
23
24
82
8
2
2
12
22
21
2
8
6
12
2
22
3
7
12
8
5
Percentage
All dates______ 100
Dec. 31, 1935....
27
Jan. 31. 1936___
Feb. 29, 1936.... (t)
4
Mar. 31. 1936__
Apr. 30. 1936....
5
May 31, 1936.
11
14
June 30, 1936___
19
July 31, 1936___
Aug 31, 1936. . .
18
Sept. 30, 1936...
2
Oct. 31. 1936___ (t)
Nov. 30. 1936
1 0.5 percent or less.
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
100
28
> (i)
4
5
4
7
14
10
14
14
22
18
12
19
1
3
(i)
26
(t) 4
5
10
15
20
18
31
(t) 2
5
27
28
32
24
26
27
1
1
3
4
2
2
2
(t) 3
1
6
18
7
26
13
4
6
13
22
15
9
4
100
25
2
11
12
18
19
2
U)
3
3
10
12
8
10
22
6
1
20
15
1
5
8
10
3
13
15
24
5
12
1
4
13
14
14
19
2
1
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
324
BILLINGS, M O N T.
T able
1.—
F am ily type: N um ber of fa m ilies of specified types an d average num ber
of persons per fa m ily , by incom e , 1935—86
IWhite families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups combined]
Average number
of persons per
fam ily»
Number of families of type iIncome class
All
(1 )
(2 )
All families— .......... 1,550
Relief families............ 141
Nonrelief families__ 1,409
$0-$249__.............. 1 1
$250-$499_............ 15
$500-$749.............. 43
$750-$999_............ 76
$1,000-$1,249____ 151
$1,250-$1,499____ 124
$1,500-$1,749........ 157
$1,750-$1,999____ 162
$2,000-$2,249____ 128
$2,250-$2,499____ 108
$2,500-$2,999____ 153
$3,000-$3,499____ 120
$3,500-$3,999____ 44
$4,000-$4,499........ 31
$4,500-$4,999........ 23
;5,000-$7,499____ 45
$7,500-$9,999____ 10
$10,000 and over 3 8
I
III
II
V
IV
All
VII VIII Other mem
bers
VI
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8 )
(9)
GO)
(ID
432
29
403
9
9
16
30
46
37
50
43
28
32
35
34
13
7
4
5
3
311
25
286
166
301
19
282
137
9
98
15
83
55
17
38
31
19
1
6
2
1
2
10
22
42
25
31
40
33
28
21
12
2
3
5
7
2
20
146
1
5
6
17
11
18
23
10
8
16
16
2
3
2
7
1
1
1
8
4
25
27
25
32
18
44
34
22
11
10
6
11
2
1
128
I
1
2
7
7
13
19
11
11
18
9
6
6
3
9
2
3
2
5
15
10
10
6
7
4
9
8
2
30
4
3
6
2
1
Un 16
der and
16 over
( 12 ) (13) (14)
3.5
4.2
3.5
2 .2
1
1
5
3
4
1
5
2
3
13
2
2
3
3
5
4
5
1
3
1
2
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
3
1
--
Other
than hus
band and
wife
2.9
3.1
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3.4
3. 5
3.4
3.6
3.5
3.8
3.8
3.7
4.0
3.4
4.2
1 .0
1.7
1 .0
.1
.7
.8
1.2
1 .1
1 .0
1 .0
1 .1
.9
.9
.9
.8
.8
.8
.8
1.1
.8
1 .0
0.5
.5
.5
.l
.3
.3
.2
.3
.4
.4
.4
.6
.5
.7
.7
1 .0
1 .0
.9
.9
.6
1 .2
' Family type:
I. 2 persons. Husband and wife only.
II. 3 persons. Husband, wife, 1 child under 16 and no others.
III. 4 persons. Husband, wife, 2 children under 16 and no others.
IV. 3 or 4 persons. Husband, wife, 1 person 16 or over, and 1 or no other person, regardless of age.
V. 5 or 6 persons. Husband, wife, 1 child under 16, 1 person 16 or over, and 1 or 2 other persons, regard
less of age.
VI. 5 or 6 persons. Husband, wife, 3, or 4 children under 16 and no others.
VII. 7 or 8 persons. Husband, wife, 1 child under 16,4 or 5 other persons, regardless of age.
VIII. 5 or 6 persons. Husband, wife, 3 or 4 persons 16 or over.
Other. 7 or more persons. All types not included in I through VIII.
' These are year-equivalent persons. The sum of columns (13) and (14) plus 2 (husband and wife) does
not always equal column (12). For the methods used in deriving these averages see glossary.
3 Largest income reported between $25,000 and $30,000.
325
TABULAR SUMMARY
T able
BILLINGS, M O N T .
N um ber of fa m ilies of specified types and average
num ber of persons per fa m ily , by occupation and incom e, 1 985-86
1A .— F a m ily ty p e :
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native bornl
Average number
of persons per
family 2
Number of families of type l~Income class and
occupational group
All
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
(2 )
(1 )
Wage earner
All nonrelief families 481
1
$0-$249...... ...................
$250-$499__........ .........
9
$500--$749___________ 21
$750-$999.......... .......... 47
$1,000-$1,249............... 80
$I,250-$1,499_ —........ . 65
$lj500-$l,749............... 71
$1,750-$1.999 . ..
66
$2'000-$2,249_______ 38
$2,250-$2,499_______ 25
$2,500-$2,999. ............. 30
$3,000-$3,499_______ 18
4
$3^500-$3,999 .
1
$4'OOO-$4'499_______
$4.500-$4,999...............
$5,000-$7,499...............
2
$7,500-$9,999...............
2
1
$10,000 and over *__
Clerical
All nonrelief families 386
1
$0-$249...... ..............
$250-$499.....................
2
$500-$749 ..............
10
$750-$999..................... 12
$1,000-$1,249_______ 27
$1,250-$1,499 ............ 33
$1,500-$1,749
46
$1,750-$1,999............... 56
$2,000-$2,249_______ 49
$2,250-$2,499 ............
40
$2,500-$2,999 _ . _ 55
$3,000-$3,499
41
7
$3,500-$3,999_______
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
128
112
58
70
42
34
1
1
2
2
$4,000-$4,499
$4,500-$4,999
5
6
15
26
17
13
17
10
5
7
6
2
4
17
21
12
16
14
9
7
5
1
1
2
1
11
6
1
2
4
11
9
11
10
3
1
3
2
1
5
9
2
11
10
11
6
5
5
4
1
4
4
9
7
4
4
4
2
1
1
5
7
3
2
4
3
1
4
2
3
3
1
10
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
114
91
34
80
1
1
1
2
32
22
4
7
2
1
2
3
8
9
13
23
17
6
11
11
10
1
5
1
11
6
8
18
14
13
10
3
1
1
4
6
6
3
4
7
1
1
7
7
13
7
17
8
12
1
2
1
1
2
2
6
4
1
9
3
3
3
4
1
3
3
3
3
1
2
1
1
1
64
1
1
2
2
9
3
7
3
4
5
9
6
2
1
3
3
2
1
34
23
59
1
13
7
1
3
8
3
3
1
3
4
1
4
1
3
2
1
1
2
1
2
F o p f o o t n o t e s , s e e e n d o f t a b le .
20
1
2
2
3
$5,000 $7,499
$7,500-$9,999...........
$10,000 and over____
Independent busi
ness
All nonrelief families 214
1
$0-$249 ..............
$950-$499
3
$500-$749
3
6
$750-$999 . . . _
$1,000-$1,949
32
$1,950-$1,499
15
$1,500-fcl,749
18
11
$1,750-$l ,999
$2,000-!P2r249
17
$91950-$9,499
18
$2,500-$2,999
23
$3,000-$3f499
19
$3,500- $3,999
9
6
7
$4,500-$4,999
$5,000-$7,499
19
4
$7,500-$9,999
3
$10,000 and over 4___
Other than
husband
All and wife
VII VIII Other mem
bers Un 16
der and
16 over
(9) ( 10 ) ( 1 1 ) ( 12 ) 03) (14)
7
4
3
1
1
1
4
1
1
3
1
4
2
1
1
4
8
5
3
3
7
3
1
1
1
2
8
6
4
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
2
2
5
1
1
1
1
I
3.6
(*)
2.5
3. 5
3. 5
3. 4
3.6
3.8
3.5
3.6
3.7
3.7
4.1
4.3
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
3.3
(*)
(*)
2.8
3.2
3.1
3.1
2 .8
3.2
3. 7
3. 3
3. 5
3.7
4.6
(*)
(*)
3.7
3.4
(*)
5.0
2.3
2 .8
3.3
3.6
3.5
3.3
3. 5
3.9
3.1
3.0
3.8
4.2
3.1
3.6
3.2
3.7
1.1
.4
1 .1
1 .2
1 .2
1.2
1.4
1.0
1 .0
0.5
.1
.4
.3
.2
.4
.4
.5
.9
.6
.8
.8
.5
.7
1.3
. 5 1 .8
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*) O
1 .0
.8
(*)
.7
1 .0
.9
.8
.6
.9
1 .0
.8
.9
.9
1.4
(*)
(*)
.1
.2
.2
.3
.3
.7
.5
.2
.6
.8
1.2
(*)
(*)
1.7
.8
.6
2 .0
1.0
.8
.9
.9
1 .0
1 .0
.8
1.3
.5
.6
.7
r.2
.4
.7
.2
.3
.4
.7
.5
.3
.7
.6
.6
.4
1.1
1 .0
.7
.9
1.7
1 .0
326
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
BILLINGS, MONT.
T a b l e 1A. —F am ily type: N um ber of fa m ilies of specified types and average
num ber of persons per fa m ily , by occupation and incom e, 1 9 8 5 -8 6 —Continued
,
Other than
husband
All and wife
VII VIII Other mem
bers Un 16
der and
16 over
(9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14)
Income class and
occupational group
0)
All
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(S)
Independent profes
sional
All nonrelief families 31
$0-$249.............. .............
$250-$499.............. ........
$500-$749.................. $750-8999......................
1
$1,000-$! ,249........... . .
$1,250-$1,499...........
$1,500-$1,749_..............
3
$1,750-$1,999___..........
2
1
$2,000-$2,249................
$2,250-$2,499...............
2
$2,5CG-$2,999........ ........
3
$3,000-$3,499........... ..
4
$3,500-83,999..................
2
3
$4,000-$4,499...............
$4,500-$4,999...............
$5,000-$7,499...............
8
$7,500-$9,999...............
2
$10,000 and over'8. - .
Salaried business
All nonrelief families. 177
$0-$249.........................
$250-$499____ ______
$500-$749___________
1
$750-8999___________
$1,000-81,249. ____
2
$1,250-81,499...............
5
$1,500-81,749................ 11
$1,750-81,999_______ 22
$2,000-82,249................. 14
$2,250-$2,499.................. 11
$2,500-82,999 .
31
$3,000-83,499.................. 27
$3,500-83,999„__......... 13
$4,000-84,499_________ 16
$4,500-84,999.................. 11
$5,000-87,499..................
$7,500-89,999.................
3
2
$10,000 and over3___
8
3
11
4
4
6
2
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
43
31
19
1
1
2
3
5
5
5
9
4
5
1
3
3
7
3
2
4
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
F o r fo o tn o te s , se e end o f tab le.
Average number
of persons per
family
Number of families of type—
1
1
o
2
3
1
1
4
4
j-
2
1
1
41
1
1
2
3
4
1
9
2
2
3
8
1
1
2
2
26
1
4
1
2
5
3
2
3
1
3
1
1
2
9
1
1
3
2
1
1
4
4
1
1
]
l
1
2
1
...........
3.5
0.9
(*)
2.7
(*)
(*)
t*)
3. 7
3.0
(*)
3. 7
4.2
(*)
(*)
3.6
0.6
.7
(•)
1.7
5 .5
1.4 (*).3
1.9
.3
(*) (*)
.
1.0
.6
(*) (*)
(*) (*) O
.6
.2
2.8
3.8 1.2 .6
3.9 1.5 .4
3.0
.6
.4
3.1
.8
.3
3. 9 1.1
.8
3. 2 .7
.5
3.9 1.2
3. 7 .7 i! o
4.1 1.0 i . i
4. 2 1.0 1. 2
3.7 1. 4 .3
(*)
(*)
327
TABULAR SUM M A RY
B IL L IN G S , M O N T .
1A.— F am ily type: Number of families of specified types and average
number of persons per family , by occupation and income, 1985-86— Continued
T able
Average number
of persons per
family
Number of families of type—
Other than
husband
All and wife
VII VIII Other mem
bers Un 16
der and
16 over
(9) 00) (11) 02) (13) (14)
Income class and
occupational group
(1)
Salaried, professional
All nonreliel families.
$0-$249____ ______
$250-$499__________
$500-$749_........ ...........
$750-$999.....................
$1,000-$1,249_______
$1,250-$1,499_______
$1,500-$1,749_______
$1,750-$1,999.........
$2,000-$2,249. .
$2,250-$2,499......... ..
$2,500~$2,999_______
$3,000-13,499...............
$3,500-$3,999........... ...
$4,000-$4,499...............
$4,500-$4,999
$5,000-$7,499 ..............
$7,500-$9,999_______
$10,000 and over
Other6
All nonrelief families.
$0-$249.........................
$2S n~< M 9 9
$500-$749......................
$750-$999 .............. _
$1,000-$1,249
$1,250-$1,499__........ ..
$1,500-$1,749_______
$1,750-$1,999........
$2,000-$2,249
$2,250-$2,499_______
$2,500-$2,999_______
$3,000-$3,499
$3,500-$3,999
$4,000~$4,499_______
$4,500-$4,999_______
$5,000-$7,499........... .
$7,500-$9,999
$10,000 and over
All
1
II
III
IV
V
VI
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
77
17
13
6
22
5
7
1
3
1
4
7
5
6
12
9
10
8
3
3
4
1
1
1
1
1
4
2
2
3
2
2
1
2
1
1
43
8
]
8
7
8
2
1
2
1
1
4
2
1
4
3
2
l
1
26
7
1
4
5
1
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
2
1
1
2
6
1
1
2
3
1
2
2
1
4
2
2
1
1
1
4
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
3.7
1.0
0. 7
(*)
.3
4.0 1.7
(*) (*)
1 4.3 1. 5 .8
.2
2.9
.4
4.2 1.8
.5 .5
3.0
3. 2 .8
.4
4.0 1.0 1.0
4.1 1.8 .3
3. 1
1.1
3. 7 .3 1.4
3. 4 . 7 .7
1 6. 0 2.8 1.2
(*)
(*)
2.9
2.1
(*)
2,9
2.9
4. 3
(*)
(*)
3.0
(*)
(•)
C)
.6
.8
.6
1.4
.7
.3
.1
.i
.3
.9
.3
(*)
(*)
(*)
For footnotes 1 and 2, see table 1 on p. 324.
3 Largest income reported between $10,000 and $15,000.
4 Largest income reported between $25,000 and $30,000.
5 Largest income reported between $15,000 and $20,000.
6 This group includes 11 families engaged in farming, a group too small to be separately classified, and
families having no gainfully employed members.
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
7 8 1 2 7 °— 40-------22
328
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
B IL U N G S , M O N T .
— Sources of fam ily in com e: Number of families receiving income from
specified sources and average amount of such income, by income, 1935—36
T able 2.
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Number of families receiving-I n c o m e c la ss
Number of
families
(1)
(2)
A ll fa m ilie s ...............................................
Relief families...............................Nonrelief families________ ____
$0-$249 ..................................
$250-$499............. ....................$500-$749....................................
$750-$999....................... ............
$1,000-$1,249---------------------$1,250-$1,499_______________
$1,500-$1,749 ___________ $1,750-$1,999_____ _____ ___
$2,000-$2,249..............................
$2,250-$2,499..............._...........$2,500-$2,999.............................
$3,000-$3,999..............................
$4,000-$4,999..............................
$5,000 and over_._..................
1,550
141
1,409
11
15
43
76
151
124
157
162
128
108
153
164
54
63
Money income from—
Nonmoney income from—
Other
sources
Earnings 1 (positive
or
negative) s
(3)
(4)
Owned
Any
home
Rent as
source3 (positive or pay
negative) 4
(5)
(6)
(7)
1,512
135
1,377
4
14
37
70
148
122
156
162
126
108
151
163
54
62
416
25
391
3
5
12
18
24
29
32
36
29
31
47
62
26
37
649
30
619
3
2
8
25
40
46
44
53
63
57
96
95
37
50
640
29
611
3
2
8
23
39
45
44
53
62
57
96
94
35
50
9
1
8
2
1
1
1
1
2
i See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
3 Includes 407 families, 382 of which were nonrelief, which had money income other than earnings and no
business losses met from family funds; 7 families, all of which were nonrelief, which had business losses met
from family funds and no money income other than earnings, and 2 families, both of which were nonrelief,
which had both money income and business losses met from family funds. There were, therefore, 409
families, 384 of which were nonrelief, which had money income other than earnings, whether or not they
had business losses met from family funds; and there were 9 families, all of which were nonrelief, which
had business losses met from family funds whether or not they had money income other than earnings.
These latter 9 families were found in the following income classes: $1,250-$1,499, 2; $1,750-$1,999, 1; $2,250$2,499, 2; $2,500-$2,999,1; $3,000-$3,999, 1; $4,000-$4,999, 1; $5,000 and over, 1. See glossary for definitions of
“money income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
a The total of the numbers of families in columns (6) and (7), since no family reported nonmoney income
from both sources.
* Includes families with losses from owned homes, as well as families whose estimated rental value of
owned homes for the period of ownership and occupancy exceeded estimated expenses allocable to that
period. There were 11 families, 10 of which were nonrelief, with losses from owned homes (i. e., families
whose estimated rental value was less than estimated expenses). The latter 10 families were found in the
following income classes: $1,000-$1,249, 1; $1,250-$1,499, 1; $1,500-$1,749, 3; $1,750-$1,999,1; $2,000-$2,249, 2;
$2,250-$2,499, 1; $2,500-$2,999,1.
329
TABULAR SUMMARY
B IL L IN G S , M O N T .
2 .— Sources o f fam ily in com e: Number of families receiving income from
specified sourcesy and average amount of such income, by income, 1985—36 1— Con.
T able
Average family income
Income class
(1)
Money income from—
Total
(2)
All fam ilies............................... 8 $2, 111
544
Relief families.........................
Nonrelief fam ilies................. 8 2,268
$0~$249_________________
125
$250-$499................. ............
395
$500-8749_____________
626
$750-$999_____________
901
$1,000-$1,249__________
1,139
$1,250-$1,499__________
1,376
$1,500-$1,749.....................
1,605
$1,750-$1,999................... .
1,868
$2,000-82,249....................
2,113
$2,250-$2,499................. __
2,380
$2,500-$2,999_______ ___
2, 726
$3,000-83,999__________
3, 321
4,432
$4,000-84,999__________
$5,000 and over...............
7,418
All
sources
(3)
$2,001
515
2,150
107
383
597
848
1,091
1,312
. 1,557
1,799
1,982
2,242
2, 546
3,125
4,144
7,092
Nonmoney income from—
Other
Owned
Earn
All
sources
home
Rent as
ings 2 (positive or sources (positive or pay
negative)3
negative) 4
(4)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(5)
$1,872
478
2,012
62
303
487
746
1,033
1,260
1,507
1,752
1,891
2,194
2,410
2,936
3.887
6,031
$129
37
138
45
80
110
102
58
52
50
47
91
48
136
189
257
1,061
$110
29
118
18
12
29
53
48
64
48
69
131
138
180
196
288
326
$108
27
116
18
12
29
50
47
61
48
69
127
138
180
193
266
326
$2
2
2
3
1
3
4
3
22
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2) of table 2, whether or not they received
income from the specified source. Averages in columns (2), (3), (5), (6), and (7) are net figures, after deduc
tion for all families of business losses met from family funds or expenses for owned homes.
2 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
s Includes money income other than earnings, after deduction of business losses met from family funds.
See glossary for definitions of “money income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
4 Represents the estimated rental value of owned homes for the period of ownership and occupancy, less
estimated expenses allocable to that period.
*Median income for all families was $1,839; for nonrelief families, $1,947.
330
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
BILLINGS, M O N T.
T abl e 2 A . — Sources of family Income: Num ber of fam ilies receiving income
from specified sources , and average amount of such incom e , by occupation and
incom e , 1935-86
fWhite nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined!
Number of families receiving—
Income class and occupational Number of
group
families
(1)
Wage earner
All nonrelief families......................
$0-$499..................... .........................
$500-$999..........................................
$1,000-$1,499........................ .......
$1,500-$1,999_.............. ............... . .
$2,000-12,999______ ______ _____
$3,000-$4,999...................................
$5,000 and over________________
Clerical
All nonrelief fam ilies..-................
$0-$499_________ ________ ____ _
$500-$999_......................................
$1,000-$1,499.....................................
$1,500-$1,999____ ______________
$2,000-$2,999...................................
$3,000-$4,999________________
$5,000 and over________________
Business and professional
All nonrelief families__________
$0-$499 _________________ ____
$500-$999 ..........................................
$1,000-$1,499.....................................
$1,500-$!, 999......................................
$2,000-$2,999__________________
$3,000-$4,999.....................................
$5,000 and over___ _________ _
Other
All nonrelief families......................
(2)
Money income from—
Other
sources
Earnings 1 (positive
or nega
tive)2
(4)
(3)
Nonmoney income from—
Any
source5
(5)
Owned
home
(positive
or nega
tive) 4
(6)
Rent as
pay
(7)
481
10
68
145
137
93
23
5
481
10
68
145
137
93
23
5
95
3
9
20
' 29
25
8
1
170
1
17
38
39
57
16
2
168
1
15
38
39
57
16
2
2
386
3
22
60
102
144
52
3
386
3
22
60
102
144
52
3
104
156
154
2
5
13
22
38
25
1
3
18
26
80
28
1
3
16
26
80
28
1
499
4
14
60
79
147
141
54
499
4
14
60
79
147
141
54
160
1
3
12
16
40
54
34
272
1
4
27
32
75
87
46
268
1
4
27
32
74
84
46
43
11
32
21
21
2
2
4
8i
1 See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
2 Includes families having money income other than earnings, families having business losses met from
family funds, and families having both such income and such losses. See glossary for definitions of “money
income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
3 The total of the numbers of families in columns (6) and (7), since no family reported nonmoney income
from both sources.
4 Includes families with losses from owned homes, as well as families whose estimated rental value of owned
homes for the period of ownership and occupancy exceeded estimated expenses allocable to that period.
331
TABULAR SUMMARY
BILLINGS, M O N T .
A.— Sources of family income: Number of fam ilies receiving income
specified sources, and average amount of such incom e, by occupation and
T able 2
from
income, 1985-36
1— Continued
Average family income
Money income from—
Income class and occupa
tional group
(1)
Total
(2)
Wage earner
All nonrelief families—......... 3$1,700
369
$0-$499............ ..........................
804
$500-$999...................................
1, 242
$1,000-$1,499.............................
1,736
$1,500-$1,999............................
2, 383
$2,000-$2,999__.........................
3, 356
$3,000-$4,999...........................
8,481
$5,000 and over___________
Clerical
All nonrelief families............. 3 2,107
$0-$499_.....................................
304
797
$500-$999.... ............................
1, 281
$1,000-$1,499............................
1,752
$1,500-$1,999_____ ________
2,415
$2,000-$2,999............................
3,348
$3,000-$4,999............................
5,821
$5,000 and over.......... .............
Business and professional
All nonrelief families______ 3 3,034
347
$0~$499—......................... .........
837
$500-$999...... ........................
$1,000-$1,499............... ..........
1,226
$1,500-$! ,999................. ..........
1, 728
2,471
$2,000-$2,999— ............ ...........
3, 729
$3,000-$4,999.............................
7,440
$5,000 and over___________
Other
1,182
All nonrelief families______
Nonmoney income from—
Other
sources
(positive
or nega
tive) 3
(5)
Owned
home
(positive
or nega
tive)4
(7)
All
sources
Earn
ings 2
(3)
(4)
$1,627
366
769
1,199
1, 691
2,230
3,121
8,354
$1, 5784
301
731
1,182
1,642
2,159
2,937
8,303
$49
65
38
17
49
71
184
51
$73
3
35
43
45
153
235
127
$73
3
33
43
45
153
235
127
2,000
304
779
1, 240
1,694
2,258
3,154
5,820
1,932
304
714
1,223
1,663
2,164
3,023
5,722
68
107
105
65
17
31
94
131
98
18
41
58
157
194
1
18
33
58
157
194
1
2, 861
307
802
1,134
1.640
2, 325
3, 501
7,075
2,639
276
759
1,049
1,591
2, 263
3,285
5, 952
222
31
43
85
49
62
216
1,123
173
40
35
92
88
146
228
365
167
40
35
92
88
141
213
365
1,075
276
799
107
107
All
sources
(6)
Rent as
pay
(8)
(**)
$2
2
8
6
5
15
i The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2) of table 2A, whether or not they received
income from the specified source. Averages in columns (2), (3), (5), (6) and (7) are net figures, after deduc
tion for all families of business losses met from family funds or expenses for owned homes.
* See glossary for definition of “earnings.”
3 Includes money income other than earnings, after deduction of business losses met from family funds.
See glossary for definitions of “money income other than earnings” and “business losses.”
4 Represents the estimated rental value of owned home for the period of ownership and occupancy, less
estimated expenses allocable to that period.
3 Median incomes were as follows: Wage-earner families, $1,562; clerical families, $2,031; business and pro
fessional families, $2,587.
** $0.50 or less.
332
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
BILLINGS, M O N T .
T a ble 3. — Money Earnings: Num ber of fam ilies receiving net money earnings
and average net money earnings received from each source , by incom e , 1985-86
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Number of families receiving net
money earnings from—
Income class
Number
of
families
0)
(2)
All families...............
Relief families____
Nonrelief families.
$0-$249...............
$250-$499______
$500-$749............
$750-$999............
$1,000-$1,249_._
$1,250-$1,499_._
$1,500-$1,749__.
$1,750-$1,999__.
$2,000-$2,249_...
$2,250-$2,499_...
$2,500-$2,999__
$3,000-$3,999__
$4,000-$4,999__
$5,000 and over.
Average net money earn
ings from i—
Other
not
Indi Roomers work
Any vidual
All
attrib
and
source earners boarders2
utable sources
to individuals
(3)
1, 550 1,512
141
135
1,409 1,377
11
4
15
14
43
37
76
70
148
151
122
124
157
156
162
162
126
128
108
108
153
151
164
163
54
54
62
63
(4)
1, 502
133
1,369
4
14
36
70
144
121
155
162
126
108
151
162
54
62
(5)
( 6)
123
12
111
1
3
10
10
14
17
5
8
7
20
12
3
1
(7)
Roomers
and
Indi
vidual boarders
and
earners other
work 3
(8)
22 $1,872 $1, 853
478
459
2,012
1,994
62
62
2
303
286
1
487
475
746
729
1 1,033 1,019
3 1,260 1,240
2 1,507 1,488
3 1,752 1,745
... 1,891 1,883
2 2,194 2,178
2 2,410 2,372
2 2,936 2,909
— 3,887 3,860
1 6,031 6,024
(9)
$19
19
18
17
12
17
14
20
19
7
8
16
38
27
27
7
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2), whether or not they received money
earnings from the specified source.
2 Includes only families which had net money earnings from roomers and boarders (i. e., whose gross in
come from roomers and boarders exceeded estimated expenses). In addition, there were a few families
which had roomers and boarders but which received from them no net money earnings.
3 Includes net money earnings from roomers and boarders and from other work not attributable to indi
viduals (casual work in home, such as laundry and sewing). Average net money earnings of all nonrelief
families from other work not attributable to individuals were $2.
333
TABULAR SUMMARY
BILLINGS, M O N T.
3A.— Money earnings: Num ber of fam ilies receiving net money earnings
and average net money earnings received from each source , by occupation and
income , 1935-86
T able
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Number of families receiving net
money earnings from—
Income class and occupa
tional group
Number
of
families
( 1)
(2)
Wage earner
All nonrelief families______
$0-$499__ _____ __________
$500-$999_...............................
$1,000-11,499______________
$1,500-Sl,999. ___________
$2,000-$2,999______________
$3,000-$4,999_____________
$5,000 and over___________
Clerical
All nonrelief families______
$0-$499_________ ____ ____
$500-$999_________________
$1,000-$1,499_____________
$1,500-$1,999_____________
$2,000-$2,999_____________
$3,000-$4,999_____________
$5,000 and over---------------Business and professional
All nonrelief families_____
$0-$499....................................
$500-$999. ................ ...............
$1,000-$1,499_____________
$1,500-$1,999_____________
$2,000-$2,999_____________
$3,000-$4,999_____________
$5,000 and over___________
Other
All nonrelief families_____
Average net money earn
ings from 1—
Other
Roomers
not
and
Indi Roomers work
Indi boarders
All
Any vidual
attrib
and
vidual and
source earners boarders2
utable sources earners
to indi
other
viduals
work 3
(3)
(4)
(5)
(7)
(8)
(6)
(9)
481
10
68
145
137
93
23
5
481
10
68
145
137
93
23
5
480
10
67
145
137
93
23
5
37
386
3
22
60
102
144
52
3
386
3
22
60
102
144
52
3
386
3
22
60
102
144
52
3
41
1
1
8
9
18
4
4
499
4
14
60
79
147
141
54
499
4
14
60
79
147
141
54
492
4
14
55
78
147
140
54
33
3
1
7
7
8
10
2
1
43
11
11
11
9
6
9
1
1
12 $1, 578 $1,564
301
2
286
731
1
711
4 1,182 1,172
2 1,642 1,637
3 2,159 2,133
2,937 2,920
8,303 8,278
1
2
1
$14
15
20
10
5
26
17
25
1,932
304
714
1,223
1, 663
2,164
3,023
5, 722
1,913
268
708
1,209
1,644
2,145
2,996
5,641
19
36
6
14
19
19
27
81
2,639
276
759
1,049
1, 591
2, 263
3,285
5, 952
2,615
276
732
1,009
1, 569
2,241
3,255
5,952
24
276
276
27
40
22
22
30
1 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2), whether or not they received money
earnings from the specified source.
2 Includes only families which had net money earnings from roomers and boarders (i. e., whose gross in
come from roomers and boarders exceeded estimated expenses). In addition, there were some families
which had roomers and boarders but which had no net money earnings from them.
3 Includes net money earnings from roomers and boarders and from other work not attributable to indi
viduals (casual work in home, such as laundry and sewing). Average net money earnings of all nonrelief
families from other work not attributable to individuals were as follows: Wage-earner families, $2; clerical
families, $2; business and professional families, $1.
334
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
BILLINGS* MONT.
4-4A.—Principal earners: N um ber of p rin c ip a l earners, classified as
husbands, wives, and others, w ith weeks of em ploym ent and average yea rly earnings
T able
of p rin cip a l earners, by occupation and incom e, 1 98 5-36
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Number of principal earners
Income class and occu
pational group
(1)
Num
ber of
fam
ilies
(2)
All occupations
All families.. . ................... 1,550
141
Relief families.....................
Nonrelief families *............. 1,409
11
$0-$249...........................
$250-$499..............
15
43
___
$500-$749___
76
$750-$999.........................
151
$1,000—$1,249............
124
$1,250-$1,499_________
157
$1,500-$1,749
162
$1,750-$1,999.............. .
128
$2,00Q-$2,249.............. ..
108
$2,250-$2,499................
153
$2,500-$2,999..................
164
$3,000-$3,999............
54
$4,000-44,999................
63
$5,000 and over
Wage earner
481
All nonrelief families_____
10
$0-$499 ...........................
68
$500-$999 . .
145
$1,000-$1,499
137
$1,500—$1,999
93
$2,000-$2,999 ________
23
$3,000-$4,999 _____
$5,000 and over
5
Clerical
386
All nonrelief families_____
3
$0-$499
22
$500-$999__.....................
60
$1,000-41,499..................
102
$1,500-$1.999_________
144
$2,000-$2,999..............
52
$3,000-$4,999
__
$5,000 a n d o v e r
3
Business and professional
499
All nonrelief families_____
$0-$49Q
4
$500-$flflft
14
60
$1,000-41,499 ________
79
$1,500-41,999_________
147
$2,000-$2,999_________
141
$3,000-$4,999_________
54
$5,000 and over...........
A ll3
Hus
bands Wives
Avorage
weeks of
employ
ment of
principal
earners 1
Others
Fe
male
(7)
Male
(3)
(4)
1,502
133
1,369
4
14
36
70
144
121
155
162
126
108
151
162
54
62
1,407
115
1,292
3
13
33
61
136
114
149
158
118
101
145
153
49
59
39
9
30
1
1
3
5
4
1
1
2
2
2
2
4
1
1
40
6
34
16
3
13
3
3
5
2
5
3
4
3
4
2
1
1
1
5
I
2
2
480
10
67
145
137
93
23
5
460
9
fi2
140
136
88
20
5
6
1
3
I
1
13
1
2
5
4
2
1
386
3
22
60
102
144
52
3
357
2
18
54
97
134
49
3
12
1
3
2
2
3
1
12
5
1
32
4
2
1
1
3
492
4
14
55
78
147
140
54
464
4
11
51
74
141
132
5!
12
9
7
(5)
(6)
(S)
Average earn
ings of principal
earners 2
All
Hus
bands
(9)
(10)
48 $1,769
31
436
50 1,899
17
138
31
295
37
552
44
775
49 1,044
49 1,209
50 1,414
51 1, 659
51 1, 796
51 2, 042
52 2, 202
51 2,597
52 3,498
52 5, 596
$1,817
458
1,938
164
308
571
794
1,058
1,232
1,427
1,667
1,830
2,104
2,238
2,658
3,603
5,692
48
21
40
48
50
50
51
52
1,430
281
705
1,126
1, 516
1,917
2, 242
7,080
1,455
298
720
1,142
1,520
1,960
2,379
7,080
50
39
43
50
51
52
52
52
l, 766
227
692
1,173
1,574
2,018
2, 572
3, 500
1,814
(*)
734
1,192
1,584
2,064
2, 628
3,500
2,482 2,537
248
248
2
1
720
711
1
3
1,061
l, 089
4
1, 534
1, 564
2
4
2,105 2,147
4
3
1
3,013 3,063
1
2
5,575 5,685
1 Averages in this column are based on the number of principal earners reporting weeks of employment.
2 Averages in this section of the table are based on the corresponding counts of principal earners in
columns (3) and (4).
3 The total number of principal earners given in column (3) is equivalent to the total number of families
having individual earners, since a family can have only one principal earner. The difference between the
totals in columns (2) and (3) is explained by the fact that column (2), number of families, includes cases in
which none of the family income was attributable to individual earners.
* Includes 43 families classified in the occupational group “Other.” These families had 11 principal
earners.
*Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
51
43
44
51
50
52
52
52
335
TABULAR SUMMARY
BILLINGS, MONT.
T a b l e 5.— Number of earners in family: N um ber of fa m ilies w ith specified
num ber of in dividu a l earners, fa m ily relation sh ip of sole earners, and average
num ber of su pplem en tary earners per fa m ily , by incom e, 1 9 8 5 -3 6
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Number of families with individual earners
Incomo class
(1)
Families
with
more
than one
One only
Num
earner as
ber of
percent
fam
Oilher
Four age of
ilies Any
Two Three or families
family Hus Wife
more with
mem band
any in
Fe
ber
Male male
dividual
earner 1
(4)
(5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)
(3)
(2)
(11)
All families.............. 1,550
Relief families........
141
Nonrelief families.. 1, 409
11
$0-$249_________
15
$250--$499..............
$500--$749..............
43
$750-8999_______
76
$1,000~$1,249____
151
$1,250- -$1,499 „
124
$1,500-$1,749__
157
162
$1,750-81,999____
$2,000-$2,249 ___
128
$2,250-$2,499____
108
$2,500-82,999____
153
$3,000-83,999____
164
54
$4,000-84,999____
$5,000 and over..
63
1,151
99
1,052
2
12
31
61
127
93
118
129
99
80
107
112
38
43
1,124
92
1,032
2
11
30
58
124
91
115
127
98
80
105
112
37
42
10
5
5
1
1
1
1
1
11
1
10
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
6
1
5
1
1
3
284
28
256
2
2
4
7
16
25
34
31
23
23
36
34
8
11
52
4
48
1
1
1
3
2
2
4
3
5
12
8
6
15
2
13
1
1
2
3
4
2
23
26
23
(t)
(t)
14
13
12
23
24
20
21
26
29
31
30
31
Average
number
of
supple
mentary
earners
per
family 1
(12)
0.29
.32
.29
.50
. 14
. 17
. 17
.12
.26
.20
.22
.25
.32
.37
.44
.44
.47
1 This percentage was computed by dividing the sum of columns (8), (9), (10) by column (4) of table 3
on p. 332.
* Based on the number of families with individual earners, column (4) of table 3 on p. 332.
t Percentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
336
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
B IL L IN G S , M O N T .
6.— Sole and su p p lem en tary earners: N u m ber o f fa m ilies w ith in d i
vidu al earners; num ber o f su pplem en tary earners classified as husban ds , wives,
and others; average earnings of su pplem en tary earners; and average earnings of
fa m ily from supplem en tary earners; by incom e, 193 5-86
T able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Number of families with
individual earners
Income class
Num
ber of
fam
ilies
(1)
(2)
All families.............
Relief families___
Nonrelief families.
$0-$249.................
$250-$499.........
$500-$749.............
$750-$999______
$1,000-$1,249----$1,250-$1,499----$1,500-$1,749___
$1,75G-$1,999..__
$2,000-$2,249___
$2,250-$2,499.. . .
$2,50O-$2,999___
$3,000-$3,999___
$4,000-$4,999___
$5,000 and over..
Number of supplementary
earners
Aver
age
earn
One only
Others4
ings
of all
More
supple
Hus Wives
Any Any
than All bands
mentary
family Hus one3
Fe earn
Male male
mem band
ers 1
ber
(3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10) (ID (12)
1,550 1,502 1,151 1,124
141 133
99 92
1,409 1,369 1,052 1,032
11
2
4
2
12 11
15 14
43 36
31 30
76 70
61 58
151 144 127 124
124 121
93 91
157 155 118 115
162 162 129 127
99 98
128 126
80 80
108 108
153 151 107 105
164 162 112 112
38 37
54 54
43 42
63 62
351
34
317
2
2
6
9
17
28
37
33
27
28
44
50
16
19
436
43
393
2
2
6
12
18
31
41
35
31
35
56
71
24
29
55
9
46
1
1
6
4
3
3
2
6
5
3
7
4
1
139 139 103
17 12
5
122 127 98
1
1
1 i
2
2
2
2
2
8
3
3
14 11
3
21
8
9
3
23
7
8 10 7
10 10 10
12 20 21
15 28 21
1
8 11
8
4 16
$492
154
529
(*)
(•)
94
93
195
239
351
387
466
416
535
789
816
1,126
Aver
age
earn
ings
per
family
from
supple
mentary
earn
ers 2
(13)
$138
47
148
12
10
13
15
23
60
92
84
113
135
196
342
362
518
1 Averages in this column are based on the corresponding counts of supplementary earners in column (7).
2 Averages in this column are based on the number of families as shown in column (2).
* Families that have supplementary earners.
4 Includes 9 males and no females under 16 years of age.
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
337
TABULAR SUMMARY
BILLINGS, MONT.
6 A . — Sole and supplementary earners: N u m ber of fa m ilies w ith in d i
vidu al earners; num ber o f su pplem en tary earners classified as husbandst wives,
and others; average earnings o f su pplem en tary earners; and average earnings of
fa m ily from supplem en tary earners; by occupation and incom e, 1 98 5-36
T able
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Num
Income class and oc ber of
fam
cupational group
ilies
(1)
Wage earner
All nonrelief families __
$0-$499...................... .......
$500-$999.............. ...........
$1,000-$1,499__________
$1,500-11,999__________
$2,000-$2,999__________
$3,000-$4,999__________
$5,000 and over _
Clerical
All nonrelief families. _
$0-$499.................. .........
$500-$999
$1,000-$1,499__________
$1,500-$1,999__________
$2,000-$2,999__________
$3,000-$4,999__________
$5,000 and over__
Business and profes
sional
All nonrelief families. _
$0-$499..............................
$500-$999____ ________
$1,000-$1,499______ ..
$1,500-$1,999__________
$2,000-$2,999__________
$3,000-$4,999__________
$5,000 and over_______
Other
All nonrelief families. _
(2)
Number of families
with individual
earners
Number of supplementary
earners
Others4
One More
Hus Wives
than All bands
Any only
one 3
Fe
Male male
(8) (9) (10)
(3) (4) (5) (6) (7)
481
10
68
145
137
93
23
5
480
10
67
145
137
93
23
5
361
9
59
117
98
64
10
4
119
1
8
28
39
29
13
1
148
1
12
31
43
39
21
1
14
61
3
4
1
4
2
2
16
27
13
3
386
3
22
60
102
144
52
3
386
3
22
60
102
144
52
3
299
1
19
52
85
110
32
87
2
3
8
17
34
20
3
101
2
3
8
17
39
27
5
16
1
2
2
2
6
3
499
4
14
60
79
147
141
54
492
4
14
55
78
147
140
54
383
3
11
46
64
112
108
39
109
1
3
9
14
35
32
15
142
1
3
10
16
43
46
23
16
43
11
9
2
2
2
1
2
4
6
1
40
1
4
6
9
11
8
1
33
35
1
1
4
11
8
9
1
34
16
1
1
15
13
4
1
3
10
2
25
1
1
2
6
8
4
3
52
49
7
6
14
14
11
2
17
22
8
1
1
3
5
6
11
8
Average
earnings
of all
supple
mentary
earners 1
Average
earnings
per
family
from
supple
mentary
earners2
(ID
(12)
$445
(*)
96
215
386
508
740
(*)
$137
5
17
46
121
213
676
1,200
559
121
263
420
461
825
1,284
146
40
16
35
70
125
428
2,140
592
(*)
55
215
262
468
804
880
168
28
12
36
53
137
262
375
(*)
(*)
41
1 Averages in this column are based on the corresponding counts of supplementary earners in column (6).
2 Averages in this column are based on the number of families as shown in column (2).
2 Families that have supplementary earners.
4 Includes persons under 16 years of age as follows: Wage-earner families, 3 males and no females; clerical
families, 1 male and no females; business and professional families, 3 males and no females.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
7.— Earnings of supplementary earners:
338
T able
BILLINGS, MONT.
N um ber of supplem entary earners w ith earnings of specified am ount , by fa m ily incom e ,
1 98 5-36
[White families including husband and wife, both native bom: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
(1)
All families _____________
Relief families ________
Nonrelief families_____
$0~$249__ ____________
$250-$499_____ _______
$500-$749_____ _______
$750-$999_____________
$1,000-$1,249__________
$1,250-$1,499__________
$1,500-$1,749.......... .........
$1,750-$1,999__________
$2,000-$2,249__________
$2,250-$2,499__________
$2,500-$2,999__________
$3,000-$3,999__________
$4,000-$4,999__________
$5,000 and over_______
(2)
351
34
317
2
2
5
9
17
28
37
33
27
28
44
50
16
19
(3)
$492
154
529
(*)
(*) 94
93
195
239
351
387
466
416
535
789
816
1,126
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
(4)
436
43
393
2
2
6
12
18
31
41
35
31
35
56
71
24
29
(5)
41
11
30
1
1
4
3
5
6
2
1
2
2
1
2
(6)
(7)
37
9
28
1
1
3
3
4
2
3
3
3
4
L
66
9
57
1
1
4
4
4
9
7
3
4
5
7
3
3
2
(8)
(10)
(9)
(12)
(11)
37
7
30
36
4
32
31
2
29
35
1
34
3
2
1
6
3
2
7
3
2
1
1
2
3
5
5
4
6
1
2
2
1
2
4
4
3
4
4
7
1
1
2
8
4
5
4
7
2
1
(13)
(14)
$900- $1,000- $1,500- $2,000
and
$999 $1,499 $1,999 over
(15)
(16)
(17)
(18)
28
46
10
13
42
12
2
28
46
10
13
42
12
2
1
5
2
1
4
4
9
2
1
2
6
7
1
9
14
2
4
1
1
1
2
4
1
3
2
5
1
2
2
1
7
15
9
8
5
2
5
2
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
Number Average
Number of supplementary earners with earnings of
of families earnings
with any of supple
supple
Any Under $50-$99 $100- $200- $300- $400- $500- $600- $700- $800mentary mentary
$199 $299 $399 $499 $599 $699 $799 $899
earners earners amount $50
T
a b l e
8.
—H usbands as earners:
B IL L IN G S , M O N T .
N um ber and average yea rly earnings of husbands classified as 'principal or supplem entary earners , by
age and fa m ily incom e , 1 9 3 5 -8 6
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Supplementary earners by age groups
Principal earners by age groups
Income class
(1)
Un
65 and
20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64
Any Under
20 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 over Any der
20
(10) (ID (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(9)
65
and
over
(25)
All families_________ 1,405
R e lie f fa m ilies
115
Nonrelief families.— 1,290
3
$0-$249
13
$250-$499 ___
$500-$749
33
$750-$999
61
$1,000-$1,249
136
$1,250-$1,499
113
$1,500-$1,749. _
149
$1,750-SI,999
158
$2,000-$2,249
118
$2,250-$2,499
101
$2,500-$2,999
145
152
$3,000-$3,999
$4,000-$4,999
49
$5,000 and over..
59
2
1
1
46
10
36
177
6
171
198
25
173
1
1
4
5
9
4
8
3
2
6
12
26
28
37
27
13
8
5
4
1
2
2
4
10
21
19
24
29
21
13
11
11
1
1
4
4
218
13
205
1
7
8
15
15
32
33
21
16
19
26
7
5
202
22
180
1
2
8
17
14
10
21
21
20
21
24
9
12
203
14
189
161
8
153
79
4
75
68
6
62
2
5
7
13
16
7
16
17
21
38
28
8
11
2
15
8
13
12
11
11
23
34
8
12
2
1
2
6
5
6
3
7
4
15
12
5
7
2
1
2
7
2
10
6
5
5
6
9
2
5
4
51
6
45
1
2
1
3
7
1
2
8
2
2
7
3
5
1
55
9
46
1
1
6
4
3
3
2
6
5
3
7
4
1
2
4
2
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
1
6
6
1
1
1
4
1
3
5
2
3
1
1
1
10
3
7
1
1
1
1
1
2
4 ' 10
1
4
9
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
1
6
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
1
TABULAR SUMMARY
Number of husbands 1
2
Average earnings of husbands 2
All nonrelief families. $1,938
(*) $1,163 $1,530 $1,833 $1,917 $2,173 $2,110 $2,137 $2,021 $2,282 $1, 674 $658
(*) $924 (*) $852 $540 j$377 $695 $991 $326 $532
1 Excludes 2 principal earners who did not report age.
* Averages for each age group are based on the corresponding numbers of husbands in the upper section of the table; the 2 averages for all age groups combined are based on
the corresponding total numbers of husbands, including those who did not report age.
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
CC
00
CO
B IL L IN G S , M O N T .
9.— Wives as earners: N um ber and average yearly earnings of wives classified as p rin cip a l or supplem entary earners , by age and
fa m ily incom e , 1 9 3 5 -8 6
340
T able
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Principal earners by age groups
i
(1)
65
and Any Un
Any Under 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65over
der 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 80-64 and
over
(2)
(4)
(3)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9) (10) (ID (12) (13) (14) (15) 06) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25)
20
20
Number of wives
All families.................
R .A liA f ff l.m il ia s
Nonrelief families.. _r
$0-$249
$25ft-$4Q9
$/50ft-$749
$750-$Q99
$1,000-$1,249
$1,250-$1,499
$1,500-$1,749
$1,750-$1,999
$2,000-$2,249
$2,250-$2,499
$2,500-$2,999
$3,000-$3,999
$4t0OO-$4,999
$5,000 and over..
39
9
30
11
3
5
4
1
221
22
4
11
4
6
1
4
5
2
1
1i
1
11
1
5
5
21
1
2
2
5
2
3
1
1
7
3
4
4
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
3
22
139
17
122
1
1
2
1 1482
21
23
10128
15
1
4
1
1
1
1
1
i
l
l
1
14
25
122 232
2
3
3
4
1
6
2
21
5
3
3
30
5
25
11
1
3
3
6
243
1
23
212
1
11
4
3
21
25
1
16
15
7
5
1 2 1 2
15 13 6 3
1
4
4
1
11 1 1 1 1
2 3 1
3 3
12 1
1 1 11
2
3 4
2
2
Average earnings of w ives1
All nonrelief families. $1,122
1
$840 $1,254
$886
$718
(*)
$1,229
(*)
(*)
(*)
(*)
$468
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
Supplementary earners by age groups
$255 $402 $402 $591 $661 $696 $167 $269 $369
Averages for each age group are based on the corresponding numbers of wives in the upper section of the table; the two averages for all age groups combined are based on the
corresponding total number of wives.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
B IL L IN G S , M O N T .
T able
10.—Money income other than earnings:
N um ber of fa m ilies receiving m oney incom e other than earnings,
received , by source and total incom e , 1 98 5 -3 6 1
and average am ount
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and ail family types combined]
Income class
(1)
(2)
1,550
141
1,409
11
15
43
76
151
124
157
102
128
108
153
164
54
63
source
(3)
409
25
384
3
5
12
18
23
27
32
35
29
29
46
62
26
37
Rent from Interest
property and divi(net)
dends
(5)
(4)
177
4
173
1
2
3
5
8
14
12
14
12
12
25
31
11
23
Average money income, other than earnings, received from 2—
Rent from Interest Pensions, Gifts for Miscel
Pensions, Gifts for
AA l11l
property and divi annuities, current laneous
annuities, current sources
sources3
(net)
dends
benefits
use
use
benefits
(13)
(12)
(9)
(10)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(11)
136
1
135
66
5
61
2
3
10
8
10
10
8
16
13
24
14
17
1
4
10
8
4
6
4
7
2
6
5
1
3
39
4
35
2
2
2
1
4
1
3
5
5
1
3
4
1
1
$131
37
141
45
80
110
102
58
62
49
50
92
56
136
190
257
1,066
$65
3
71
14
20
21
17
15
30
16
15
25
18
81
111
74
743
$24
(**)
27
$20
15
21
14
1
11
12
12
4
22
20
17
26
145
181
24
46
74
31
14
16
4
22
3
21
25
1
15
$5
3
5
31
36
(**) 28
1
(**)
(•*)
6
14
(**)
(**)
5
4
10
$17
16
17
i
10
(**> 6
5
21
9
15
17
23
33
117
TABULAR SUMMARY
All families................ .....................................
Relief families_________ _______ _______
Nonrelief families................................ .........
$0-$249.......................................................
$250-$499............................. ......................
$500-$749.................................................
$750-$999....................................................
$1,000-$1,249............................................
$1,250-$1,499-....................... ...............
$1,500-$1,749......................................
$1,750-$1,999..............................................
$2,000-$2,249......................................____
$2,250-$2,499............... .............................
$2,500-$2,999..............................................
$3,000-$3,999..........................................
$4,000-$4,999__.......................................
$5,000 and over.........................................
Number
of families
Number of families receiving money income other than
earnings from—
i See glossary for definition of “money income other than earnings.”
3 Averages are based on all families, column (2), whether or not they received money income other than earnings.
* Includes money income other than earnings from sources other than those specified, including profits from business enterprises partially or wholly owned but not operated by
family members. See glossary for further definition of “profits.”
**$0.50 or less.
00
T able 11.—Nonmoney income from owned homes: Num ber of fa m ilies owning homes w ith and without m ortgages; average rental value ,
average expense , and average nonm oney incom e from home ow nership; by incom e , 1 93 5-36
342
B IL L IN G S , M O N T .
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Number of families
(1)
All fam ilies..................................
Relief families....... .......................
N onrelief families.........................
$0-$249......................................
$250-$499................................ .
$500-$749................................ .
$750-$999__...............................
$1,000-$1,249...........................
$1,250-$1,499...........................
$1,500-$1,749...........................
$1,750-$1,999............................
$2,000-$2,249...........................
$2,250-$2,499.............. .............
$2,500-$2,999...........................
$3,000-$3,999____ _________
$4,000-$4,999____ _________
$5,000 and over.._________
All
Owning
homes 1
(2)
(3)
1, 550
141
1,409
11
15
43
76
151
124
157
162
128
108
153
164
54
63
640
29
611
3
2
8
23
39
45
44
53
62
57
96
94
35
50
Families owning
homes free from
mortgage
Families owning
mortgaged homes Average Average expense 3 Average Interest
Average Average Average
as per
nonnon
rental
rental
money
money ofcentage
value
2
rental
value2 expense3 income
4
income 4 value
Number Percent
Number Percent
Interest Other
age 5
age 5
(13)
(12)
(9)
GO) (11)
(8)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(15)
(14)
303
15
288
1
6
11
18
16
16
22
26
22
46
50
22
32
47
(t) 47
(t)
(t)
(t) 46
36
36
42
42
39
48
53
63
64
$439
230
450
(*)
244
310
303
329
338
393
396
433
471
503
598
630
$114
77
116
(*)
77
92
91
96
97
107
107
113
120
125
141
148
$325
153
334
(*)
167
218
212
233
241
286
289
320
351
378
457
482
337
14
323
2
2
2
12
21
29
28
31
36
35
50
44
13
18
53
(t) 53
(t)
(t)
(t)
(t) 54
64
64
58
58
61
52
47
37
36
$435
293
441
(*)
(*)
(*)
332
323
317
351
354
494
444
490
565
554
579
$117
94
118
(*)
(*)
(*)118
79
97
118
98
130
106
136
143
95
150
$112
89
113
(*)
(*)
(*) 93
92
91
97
95
123
115
122
136
132
137
$206
no
210
(*)
(*)
(*)
121
152
129
136
161
241
223
232
286
327
292
27
32
27
13
33
35
35
24
30
34
28
26
24
28
25
17
26
1 Includes all families occupying owned homes at any time during the report year.
2 Based on estimate made by home owner, for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. This period averages, in general, approximately 12 months.
3 Expense for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. Expense other than interest, columns (.7) and (13), estimated on basis of average relationship between rental
value and expense.
4 Nonmoney income for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. Obtained by deducting estimated expense (including interest) from rental value.
5 Based on number of families owning homes, column (3).
fPercentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
*Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
Mortgaged homes
Homes free from mortgage
T a b l e 1 2 .—
Monthly rental value:
B IL L IN G S , M O N T .
N um ber of hom e-owning fa m ilies having homes w ith specified m onthly rental value , by incom e , 1 9 8 5 - 8 6 t
78127'
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Income class
(1)
( 2)
(3)
1,452
127
1,325
10
14
39
69
140
113
147
151
126
100
147
154
54
61
617
27
590
3
2
7
21
37
43
43
51
59
54
94
92
35
49
(4)
(5)
42
21
44
(t)
(t)
Average
Number of home-owning families reporting monthly rental value of—
monthly
rental
value of
owned Under $5-$9 $10-$14 $15-$19 $20-$24 $25-$29 $30-$34 $35-$39 $40~$44 $45-$54 $55-$74 $75 and
over
homes 2 $5
18
30
26
38
29
34
47
54
64
60
65
80
$37.90
21.30
38. 70
15.00
(*)
24. 70
28. 80
27. 30
28. 40
30. 50
33. 60
39. 30
38.10
41.10
45.10
49. 90
52.00
(6)
(8)
(7)
3
1
2
2
(10)
(9)
10
6
4
1
1
1
1
(11)
34
6
28
1
2
2
6
6
5
2
2
1
40
4
36
1
1
2
2
7
7
5
4
3
2
1
1
1
(12)
72
4
68
60
3
57
1
3
9
10
7
8
10
7
9
3
1
2
7
5
8
11
3
7
7
6
1
(13)
87
(14)
(15)
87
85
2
83
159
159
1
3
2
6
11
9
7
9
19
16
2
2
7
3
6
1
6
11
7
18
16
4
4
1
2
3
6
9
15
16
30
36
19
22
(17)
(16)
56
1
55
11
11
1
7
4
9
14
5
15
1
1
1
1
3
TABULAR SUMMARY
All families----------Relief families____
Nonrelief families..
$0-$249_______
$250-$499...........
$500-$749..........
$750-$999_____
$1,000-$1,249—
$1,250-$1,499—
$1,500-$1,749—
$1,750-$1,999...
$2,000-$2,249.__
$2,250-$2,499.__
$2,500-$2,999._.
$3,000-$3,999__
$4,000-$4,999__
$5,000 and over.
Number Home-owning
families
of home
owning
and rent
ing fam Number Percent
ilies
age3
4
i Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as home-owning families
or as renting families according to their status at the date of interview.
* Based on estimate made by home-owner for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. Averages are based on the number of home-owning families, as of end of
report year, column (3).
s Based on the number of home-owning and renting families, column (2).
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
tPercentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
343
13.— Monthly rent:
( 1)
All families..............
Relief families.........
Nonrelief families..
$0-$249___..........
$250-$499............
$600-$749............
$750-$999_____
$1,000-$1,249_._
$1,250-$1,499___
$1,500-$1,749___
$1,750-$1,999___
$2,000-$2,249__.
$2,250-$2,499.__
$2,500-$2,999___
$3,000-$3,999__
$4,000-$4,999__
$5,000 and over.
,
1
Num
Renting
Number of renting families repoiting monthly rent of—
families
ber of
Average
homeowning
monthly
Per- rent2 Under
and
$10- $15- $20- $25- $30- $35- $10- $45- $55renting Nuracent$5 5>o~ipy $14 $19 $24 $29 $34 $39 $44 $54 $74
families ber age3
(8)
(6)
(7)
(4)
(5)
(2)
(3)
(9) 00) 01) 02) 03) 04) 05) 06)
1,452
127
1,325
10
14
39
69
140
113
147
151
126
100
147
154
54
61
835
100
735
7
12
32
48
103
70
104
100
67
46
53
62
19
12
58
79
56
(t)
(t)
82
70
74
62
71
66
53
46
36
40
35
20
$28.20
15.80
29.90
21.00
16.50
21.40
20.80
23.50
26.10
27.60
30.00
34.30
34.90
38.20
40.70
47.10
43.30
15
9
6
1
1
1
2
1
69
38
31
1
4
7
5
11
1
1
1
90
28
62
3
2
1
16
18
7
9
3
1
1
1
131
11
120
5
7
13
24
17
23
15
6
4
2
4
153
9
144
1
10
5
28
25
24
25
10
5
6
3
1
1
104
104
2
4
9
9
22
25
11
7
9
6
$75 Rent
over free4
07) 08)
96
4
92
81
1
80
75
16
1
4
75
16
1
4
2
2
2
2
4
15
17
22
12
7
6
1
2
1
1
4
4
3
8
9
11
14
17
4
4
1
4
1
6
6
6
6
14
20
8
3
1
1
1
2
1
5
4
2
1
1
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as home-owning families or
is renting families according to their status at the date of interview.
2 Rent reported at date of interview. Averages are based on the number of renting families in each class that reported monthly rent, including families receiving rent free, the
amount of which was estimated by the family.
3 Based on the number of home-owning and renting families, column (2).
4 Consists of families receiving rent as gift.
fPercentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
WEST CENTRAL-ROOKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
,
N u m b e r o f re n tin g fa m ilie s re p o r tin g sp e c ifie d m o n th ly r e n t b y in c o m e 1 9 3 5 -8 6
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
344
T able
B IL L IN G S , M O N T .
B IL L IN G S , M O N T .
T able
14A.—Average monthlyrental
rentalvalue,
value
and average monthly rent: N um ber of hom e-owning and renting fa m ilies, average m onthly
and average m onthly rent, by occupation and incom e, 1 9 3 5 -3 6 1
[White nonrelief families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Occupational group: Wage earner
Income class
All nonrelief families
$0-$499________ __________
$500-$999.............................
$1,000-$1,499___________
$1,500-$1,999___________
$2,000-$2,999.......................
$3,000-$4,999___________
$5,000 and over_________
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families 1
Average
monthly—
Number of
families
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families3
Average
monthly—
Occupational group: Business and professional
Number of
families
Percentage of
home-owning
and renting
families2
Average
monthly—
Home Rent Home Rent Rental
Home Rent Home Rent Rental TJ ati 4* 4 Home Rent Home Rent Rental
owning ing owning ing value 3 rwcni * owning ing owning ing value3 R en t4 owning ing owning ing value3
(17)
(18)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(16)
(6)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(12)
(13)
(7)
(14)
(5)
(11)
(15)
162
1
15
37
38
53
16
2
283
8
50
93
87
37
6
2
36
(t)
23
28
30
59
(t)
(t)
64 $30.90 $24.20
(* )
14.20
(t)
77 28.90 20.80
72 24.80 21.80
70 26.90 26.00
41 34.90 30.60
41.90 30.00
(t)
(t)
(•)
(*)
149
1
15
26
78
28
1
222
3
17
43
74
61
22
2
40
(t)
26
26
56
56
(t)
60 $39. 60 $31. 30
21.70
(t)
20.40
(t)
(*)
26.40
74 29.90
74 32.00 30.80
44 41.90 35.70
44 46.10 39.90
(t)
C)
(*)
259
1
3
26
30
72
82
45
211
3
8
31
42
67
52
8
55
(t)
(t)
46
42
52
61
85
45 $43.80
(t)
(*)
29.00
(t)
54 30.60
58 39.00
48 41.60
39 47.60
15 52.90
'P a6Qn tI 41
IV
09)
$36.30
16.30
23.40
28.90
30.40
38.50
44.70
44.00
TABULAR SUMMARY
(1)
Number of
families
Occupational group: Clerical
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Families are classified as home-owning families or
as renting families according to their status at the date of interview.
2 Based on the number of home-owning and renting families in the respective occupational groups.
3 Based on estimate made by home owner for period of ownership and occupancy during the report year. Averages are based on the number of home owning families as of end of
report year.
4 Rent as reported at date of interview. Averages in this column are based on the number of families reporting monthly rent, including families receiving rent as gift, the amount
of which is estimated by the family.
* Of the families classified in the occupational group “Other,” 39 did not change their living quarters between the end of the report year and the date of interview. Of the latter
group, 20 families were owning families. Their average monthly rental value was $27.50. The remaining 19 families were renting families. Their average monthly rent was $28.60.
fPercentage not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
‘Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
CO
O*
346
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
B IL L IN G S , M O N T .
T able
15-16.—Type of living quarters: N um ber an d percentage of ow ning
renting fa m ilies occupying specified types of living quarters , by tenure and
and
incom e , 1935—36
1
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family
types combined]
Income class
(1)
Owning families, all.
Relief families...........
Nonrelief families. __
$0-$249.................
$250-$499..............
$500-$749..............
$750-$999— ........
$1,000-$1,249___
$1.250-$1,499___
$1,500-$1,749___
$1,750-$1,999___
$2,000-$2,249___
$2,250-$2,499___
$2,500-$2,999___
$3,000-$3,999___
$4,000-$4,999___
$5,000 and over..
Renting families, allRelief families...........
N onrelief families...
$0-$249.................
$250-$499.............
$500-$749.............
$750-$999..............
$1,000-$1,249.__.
$1,250-$1,499___
$1,500-SI,749___
$1,750-$1,999___
$2,000-$2,249___
$2,250-$2,499___
$2,500-$2,999___
$3,000-$3,999___
$4,000-$4,999___
$5,000 and over..
Number of families occupying— Percentage of families occupying *—
Num
ber of One- TwoOne- Twofamilies family
family Apart Other 2 family family Apart
Other3
house house ment
house house ment
(6)
(3)
(4)
(7)
(10)
(2)
(8)
(9)
(5)
617
27
590
3
2
7
21
37
43
43
51
59
54
94
92
35
49
835
100
735
7
12
32
48
103
70
104
100
67
46
53
62
19
12
564
25
539
2
2
5
20
31
38
42
49
53
51
84
85
32
45
513
71
442
3
6
19
28
60
35
64
65
38
27
36
37
16
8
30
2
28
1
1
3
5
1
1
4
1
4
5
1
1
109
11
98
1
2
5
3
19
6
13
15
13
7
6
8
20
20
1
1
2
1
2
2
4
2
2
3
194
17
177
2
3
7
16
20
25
25
20
15
12
9
16
3
4
3
3
1
91
(t)
(t)
(t)
(t)
(t)
2
19
1
18
1
1
1
1
4
4
2
1
2
1
(t)
(t)
(t)
(t)
91
(t)
5
3
1
5
3
1
5
3
(t)
(t)
84
88
98
96
90
94
90
92
91
92
62
71
60
8
12
2
2
7
2
4
6
3
2
13
11
13
59
59
58
50
62
65
57
59
68
59
(t)
(t) 16
6
19
8
12
15
19
15
11
13
(t)
(t)
2
3
4
4
2
6
6
23
17
24
(t)
(t) 22
33
19
36
24
20
22
26
17
26
(t)
(t)
2
2
1
3
(t)
(t)
3
2
4
6
2
2
4
2
1 Includes only those families that did not change living quarters between the end of the report year and
the date of interview.
2 Percentages are based on number of families in each class, column (2).
3 Includes dwelling units in business buildings, other types of living quarters not elsewhere specified, and
unknown types of living quarters.
t Percentages not computed for fewer than 30 cases.
BILLINGS, MONT.
T able
17.— M em bers of household n ot in econom ic fam ily: N um ber of fa m ilies having persons in the household who were not m em bers
of the economic fa m ily , and average num ber of such n on fam ily m em bers , by incom e , 1 93 5-36
IWhite families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types combined]
Number of families having in the household nonfamily members of Average number of nonfamily members of specified type * (based on
families having such members)
specified typ e1
Income class
All families..............
Relief families........
Nonrelief families..
$0-$249...............
$250-$499...........
$500-$749...........
$750-$999...........
$1,000-$1,249—
$1,250~$1,499—
$1,500-$1,749—
$l,750-$l,999-._
$2,000-$2,249-_
$2,250-$2,499—
$2,500-$2,999...
$3,000-$3,999___
$4,000-$4,999_._
$5,000 and over
(2)
1,550
141
1,409
11
15
43
76
151
124
157
162
128
108
153
164
54
63
Occupying rooms on nontransient basis
Any
non
family Sons and Other
mem daughters roomers
ber rooming with
and
boarding board
(3)
733
32
701
(4)
(5)
Occupying rooms on non
transient basis
Room
ers
with Paid
help
out
board
(6)
(7)
Board Tour
All
ers
ists
non
with and Guests family Sons and Other
mem daughters roomers
out tran
room sients
bers rooming with
and
boarding board
(13)
( 12)
( 10)
(8)
(9)
(ID
605
67
3
138
22
583
0.5
1.1
(*)
(*)
(*)
'(*)''
"(Vf
(*)
1.2
.9
1.3
(*)
.5
1.4
.8
.9
1.0
.9
2.0
3.4
1.2
(*)
Room
ers
with Paid
help
out
board
(14)
05)
Board Tour
ers
ists
with and Guests
out tran
room sients
(16)
1.1
1.4
0.6
(" )
0.9
(*)
(*)
(*)
1.9
1.1
.9
(*)
.7
.8
1.4
.7
(,).4
.9
.5
.4
.4
.7
.5
(*)
(*)
(*).3
1.1
8
.6
.8
.7
.8
07)
(18)
(*)
0.2
(*)
.2
.2
(*)
C)
'(*)'■
(**) .1
.1
.1
.1
.2
.2
.2
.2
.2
.1
.2
.3
347
1 Excludes a small number of families which had nonfamily members in the household but which did not report the duration of their membership.
2 Averages in each column are based on the corresponding counts of families, in columns (3) through (10). The number of nonfamily members is expressed in terms of yearequivalent persons. This figure is computed for each family by dividing by 52 the total number of weeks of residence in the household for all nonmembers of the economic family.
*Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
** 0.05 or less.
TABULAR SUMMARY
1
( )
Num
ber of
fami
lies
348
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
B IL L IN G S , M O N T .
T
able
18.— Age of husbands and wives: N um ber of husbands and num ber of
wives, by age and fa m ily incom e , 1 93 5 -3 6
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All occupational groups and all family types
combined]
Income class
Num
ber reporting age 1 Under
20-29
20
(1 )
(2 )
(4)
(3)
Number with ages of—
30-39
40-49
50-59
60-64
65-69
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
and
70-74 75over
GO)
(ID
Husbands
All families............... 1,548
Percentage............... 100.0
141
Relief families..........
Nonrelief fam ilies.. 1,407
11
$0-$249 ..................
15
$250-$499................
43
$500-$749...............
$750-$999.._..........
76
$1,000-$1,249..........
151
$1,250-$1,499..........
123
$1,500-$1,749..........
157
162
f9lnnn-$9I940
128
108
$2,250-$2,499..........
$2,500-$2,999..........
153
163
$3,000-$3,999..........
$4,000-$4,999..........
54
63
$5,000 and over...
2
0.1
1
1
229
U .8
16
213
429
27.7
39
390
3
19
35
32
45
31
14
10
5
6
1
2
13
19
40
35
57
62
42
29
31
38
12
9
10
1
1
2
424
27.4
43
381
3
3
9
17
31
30
17
37
39
41
60
54
17
23
275
17.8
81
5.2
59
3.8
255
20
75
6
49
2
2
3
3
5
8
3
3
8
23
14
19
17
22
19
39
51
14
22
10
1
2
2
7
5
6
9
3
5
9
4
5
5
3
3
8
4
3
1
54
3.5
4
50
1
1
3
3
6
3
4
5
5
2
7
6
4
32
2.1
4
28
1
2
3
1
6
1
4
1
2
3
1
3
11
6
28
1.8
3
25
2
2
2
5
2
2
2
3
21
1.4
3
18
2
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
4
10
0.6
2
8
1
7
0.5
2
Wives
All families............... 1,547
Percentage............... 100.0
R A liof fftmilifts
141
Nonrelief fam ilies.. 1,406
11
$0 $249 ................
.$9AO-$4QQ ....
15
43
$500-$749................
$7Kft-$Q0Q
76
151
$1,000-$1,249..........
123
$1,250-$1,499..........
157
$1,500-$1,749..........
$1,7JiA-$1r0QQ
162
128
$2,000-$2,249-........
108
153
163
$4)nnO-$4,999
54
62
$.5,000and over...
12
0.8
7
5
i
1
1
2
392
25. S
37
355
464
SO.O
34
430
5
18
30
55
51
65
52
25
24
14
11
3
2
4
1
10
13
33
30
49
62
48
37
51
53
17
22
381
2 4 .6
85
346
3
1
4
18
34
24
13
28
32
35
49
65
18
22
i Excludes 2 husbands and 3 wives who did not report age.
195
12.6
18
177
4
5
10
14
11
20
13
17
8
27
26
7
15
1
2
1
1
1
1
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
349
TABULAR SUMMARY
B IL L IN G S , M O N T n
T able
19.— R eport year: N um ber and percentage distribu tion of fa m ilies by date
of end of report yea r1 by occupation, 1 98 5 -3 6
[White families including husband and wife, both native born: All family types combined]
Nonrelief families in specified occupational groups
All Relief
Date of end of fami
fami
report year
lies lies
(1)
(2)
(3)
Business and professional
All
Independent
Salaried
Wage Cleri busi
All earner
Other
cal ness
and Busi Profes Busi Profes
profes ness sional ness sional
sional
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(12)
(11)
Number of families
All dates______ 1, 550
Dec. 31,1935___ 859
Jan. 31,1936___
Feb. 29,1936 ._
17
29
Mar. 31,1936...
Apr. 30,1936....
51
43
May 31,1936...
94
June 30,1936...
July 31,1936— . 258
Aug. 31,1936.... 111
Sept. 30,1936...
79
8
Oct. 31,1936....
1
Nov. 30,1936...
141 1,409
79 780
2
15
3
26
8
43
37
6
11
83
23 235
6 105
3
76
8
1
481
280
6
10
21
11
30
87
23
11
2
386
204
3
5
10
12
24
69
38
19
2
214
135
1
5
5
2
14
28
8
15
1
31
13
100
63
(t)
2
2
1
7
13
4
7
(t)
100
42
499
268
5
9
12
14
27
72
42
45
4
1
1
8
7
2
177
85
3
2
4
9
10
27
15
22
77
35
1
2
3
2
3
9
12
6
3
1
43
28
1
2
100
48
2
’1
2
5
6
15
9
12
100
45
1
2
4
2
4
12
16
8
4
1
100
65
2
5
2
7
2
1
Percentage
All dates______ 100
Dec. 31,1935— _ 55
Jan. 31,1936
Feb. 29,1 9 3 6 1
2
Mar. 31, 1936. _.
3
Apr. 30,1 9 3 6 3
M ay 31,1936...
6
June 30,1936. .
17
July 31,1936-.-.
7
Aug. 31, 1936. . .
5
Sept. 30,1936. „
1
Oct. 31,1936----Nov. 30,1936... (t)
t0.5 percent or less.
100
57
1
2
6
4
8
16
4
2
100
55
1
2
3
3
6
17
7
5
1
(t)
100
58
1
2
5
2
6
18
5
2
(t)
100
53
1
1
3
3
6
18
10
5
(t)
100
54
1
2
2
3
5
14
8
9
1
(t)
3
26
23
6
5
16
5
2
SECTION C. IN CO M PLETE N A T I V E W H IT E FAMILIES A N D
F O R E IG N -B O R N W H IT E , N E G R O , A N D O T H E R C O L O R
FAMILIES, COM PLETE A N D IN CO M PLETE
Number o f Families Scheduled, Sources o f Income, Principal and
Supplementary Earners, R en t or Rental Value, According to
Family Income, Occupational Group, and Family T ype, 1935-36
The distribution of families by income, color and nativity groups,
occupational group, and family type as shown in tables 1-3 of this
section represents the number of families which furnished the infor
mation as indicated. The remaining tables in this section present
data on family income, earners, and housing for families not included
in the main body (sec. B) of the Tabular Summary. They show the
distribution for native white incomplete families, and for foreign-born
white, Negro, and other color families, both complete and incomplete.
Because the data on these special groups are based on samples of
different sizes, no valid combinations of the data can be made without
applying weights shown in the explanatory notes of section A.
350
351
TABULAR SUMMARY
CONTENTS
1. C o l o r a n d N a t iv it y G r o u p s b y
I n c o m e : Number of families
scheduled of specified color and
nativity, by income, 1935-36___
2. O c c u p a t io n a l G r o u p s : Number
of families scheduled of specified
occupational groups, by color,
nativity, and income, 1935-36 __
3. F a m il y T y p e s : Number of fami
lies scheduled of specified types,
by color, nativity, and income,
1935-36_____________________
4. S o u r c e s o f F a m il y I n c o m e : Num
ber of families scheduled receiv
ing income from specified sources,
and average amount of such in
come, by color, nativity, and
income, 1935-36______________
5. P r in c ip a l E a r n e r s : Number of
principal earners scheduled, by
sex, with average weeks of em
ployment, and average annual
earnings, by color, nativity, and
income, 1935-36______________
6. N u m b e r o f E a r n e r s i n F a m i l y :
Number of families scheduled
with specified number of indi
vidual earners, number and aver
age earnings of supplementary
earners, and average earnings of
family from supplementary
earners, by color, nativity, and
income, 1935-36______________
7. A v e r a g e M o n t h l y R e n t a l V a l
u e and A verage M onthly
R e n t : Number of home-owning
Billings, Mont.
Butte, Mont.
Dubuque, Iowa
Pueblo, Colo.
Springfield, Mo.
Omaha, Nebr.-Council Bluffs, Iowa
Table
Denver, Colo.
Page
352 359 366 373 380 387 394
353 360 367 374 381 388 395
354 361 368 375 382 389 396
355 362 369 376 383 390 397
356 363 370 377 384 391 398
357 364 371 378 385 392 399
and renting families scheduled,
average monthly rental value,
and average monthly rent, b}'
color, nativitv, and income,
1935-36____ 1_______________ 358 365 372 379 386 393 400
352
T a ble
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
DENVER, COLO.
n a tiv ity g ro u p s by in c o m e : N um ber of fa m ilies scheduled
of specified color and n ativity, by incom e, 1 9 3 5 -3 6 1
1.—C olor a n d
Foreign-born white
Native white
Income class
(1)
Relief and nonrelief families *
All families.....................................
$0-$249.......................................
$250-$499_____________________
$500-$749_____________________
$750-$999_____________________
$1,000-$1,249_____________ ____
$1,250-$1,499_...............................—
$1,500-$1,749__.............................
$1,750-SI,999— _______________
$2,000-$2,249___________ ______
$2,250-$2,499..................................
$2,500-$2,999................... ................
$3,000-$3,499....................................
$3,500-$3,999________ _____ ___
$4,000-$4,499___________ ______
$4,500-$4,999...................................
$5,000-$7,499__________________
$7,500-$9,999................. ...................
$10,000 and over______________
Nonrelief families
All families__________ _______ _
$0-$249_....................................— .
$250-$499_____________________
$500-$749._____ _______________
$750-$999_________________
$1,000-$1,249__________________
$1,250-$1,499__________________
$1,500-$1,749____________ _____
$1,750-$!,999.................................
$2,000-82,249____________ _____
$2,250-$2,499„._______________
$2,500~$2,999__________________
$3,000-$3,499__................................
$3,500-$3,999_______ __________
$4,000-$4,499....................................
$4,500-$4,999_...............................
$5,000-$7,499____________ _____
$7,500-$9,999__________________
$10,000 and over______________
Other
color3
(7)
(8)
Incom
plete
(3)
8,572
233
475
750
865
1,005
839
844
734
648
431
605
366
219
167
92
214
36
49
490
66
68
62
72
49
36
25
15
20
16
21
12
6
6
2
12
1
1
448
32
31
52
55
71
38
34
29
25
14
24
13
14
6
2
4
4
323
9
16
38
41
54
29
26
22
20
10
22
10
11
5
2
4
4
125
23
15
14
14
17
9
8
7
5
4
2
3
3
1
41
8
9
8
5
4
3
1
3
73
15
24
26
3
4
1
7.386
62
158
357
698
935
799
835
730
642
429
602
365
219
166
91
213
36
49
375
23
42
43
58
42
32
25
14
19
16
21
12
6
6
2
12
1
1
388
16
19
35
48
66
38
32
28
25
14
24
13
14
6
2
4
4
283
4
9
22
34
50
29
26
21
20
10
22
10
11
5
2
4
4
105
12
10
13
14
16
9
6
7
5
4
2
3
3
1
24
2
2
4
5
4
3
1
3
21
6
2
7
1
4
1
All
(4)
Complete Incom
plete
(6)
(5)
N egro3
Com
plete 2
(2)
1 See the introductory note to sec. A for a comparison of the samples represented in this and subsequent
tables. A family is classified as native if both husband and wife are native born (or, in the case of an incom
plete family if the head is native born); otherwise, the family is classified as foreign bom. A family is classi
fied as a complete family if it includes both husband and wife; as an incomplete family if it does not include
both husband and wife. Single individuals are included in the incomplete families. See glossary for fur
ther definitions. Since the data on these color and nativity groups are based on samples of different size,
no valid combinations of the data can be made without applying weights shown in the explanatory note of
sec. A.
2 See sec. B tables for tabular analysis of native white complete families.
» Complete families (all family types combined) and incomplete families.
4 Relief families are distributed according to their income, which excludes direct relief received in cash or
kind.
353
TABULAR SUMMARY
D EN V E R , COLO.
T a b l e 2. — O ccupational
groups: N um ber of fa m ilies scheduled of specified
occupational grou ps , by color , n a tiv ity, and incom e, 1 93 5-36 1
Occupational groups
Income class
(D
Native white incomplete families
All families—__________________________ __________
Relief fam ilies..____ _________ ____________________
Nonrelief families______ ____________ ____________
$0-$499_____ __________________________________
$500-1749_____ _______ _____ ___________________
$750-$999.____ ________________________________
$1,000-$1,249_________________________ ________ _
$1,250-$1,499_.________________________________
$1,500-$1,749__________________________________
$1,750-$1,999__________________________________
$2,000-$2,499__________________________________
$2,500-$2,999.____ _____ _______________________
$3,000-$4,999__________________________________
$5,000 and over. _ ________________ ____________
Foreign-horn white families 4
All families------------------------------------------------- --------Relief families------------------------------------------------------Nonrelief families------------------------------- ---------------$0-$499________ _______________________________
$500-$749______ _______________________________
$750-$999 ______________ _____ ________________
$1,000-$1,249__________________________________
$1,250-$1,499_______________________ ____ ______
$1,500-$1,749__________________________________
$1,750-$1,999._________________________________
$2,000-$2,499_________________________ ____ _
$2,500-$2,999__________________________________
$3,000-$4,999-________________________________
$5,000 and over______________ ________________
Negro families4
All families......................... .......................... .........................
Relief families____________________________________
Nonrelief families.................................................... .............
Families of other color *
All families. ____________________________________
Relief families____________________________________
Nonrelief families__________________________ ______
All
Wage
earner
(2)
(3)
Business
Clerical and pro Other3
fessional *
(5)
(4)
(6)
490
115
375
65
43
58
42
32
25
14
35
21
26
14
158
65
93
17
18
19
7
5
9
4
6
4
4
115
15
100
4
8
18
21
14
10
6
12
3
4
129
7
122
18
9
14
10
12
4
2
14
12
15
12
88
28
60
26
8
7
4
1
2
2
3
2
3
2
448
60
388
35
35
48
66
38
32
28
39
24
35
8
188
39
149
8
10
28
35
17
15
9
12
10
5
79
2
77
133
5
128
11
8
9
18
10
9
13
18
10
15
7
48
14
34
16
11
4
1
41
17
24
28
13
15
1
4
1
4
8
4
4
73
52
21
61
45
16
1
11
1
4
6
11
9
10
8
6
8
4
15
1
l
i Since the data on these color and nativity groups are based on samples of different size, no valid com
binations of the data can be made without applying weights shown in the explanatory note of sec. A.
* The business and professional families are classified as follows:
All families
Occupational group
Native Foreignwhite in born
complete white
Independent business______ __ ______________________
I n d e p e n d e n t p ro fessio n a l
S alaried b u sin e ss
S a la ried p rofessio n al
_
_
_
___________
______ ________
_________
54
11
19
45
90
4
14
25
Other
color
Negro
3
1
,
3 This group contains 2 native white broken families, 4 foreign-born white families and 1 other family
engaged in farming, and families having no gainfully employed members.
4 Complete families (all family types combined) and incomplete families.
354
T
able
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
3.
D EN VER , COLO.
—F am ily types:
N um ber of fa m ilies scheduled of specified ty p e s , by color ,
n a tiv ity , and incom e , 1 9 8 5 -8 6 1
Complete families of type -
Income class
All
(1)
Any
I
II
III
IV
V
VI
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
448
60
388
35
35
48
66
38
32
28
39
24
35
8
323
40
283
13
22
34
50
29
26
21
30
22
28
8
85
10
75
8
11
13
14
7
8
3
4
2
3
2
N o n re lie f fa m ilie s
41
17
24
26
6
20
13
3
10
Families of other
color
All families...................
Relief families........ .
Nonrelief families____
73
52
21
55
43
12
6
3
3
Foreign-born white
families
All families.................
Relief families_______
Nonrelief families____
$0-$499....................
$500-$749________
$750-$999................
$1,000-$1,249.........
$1,250-$1,499..........
$1,500-$1,749_____
$1,750-$1,999_____
$2,000-$2,499_.........
$2,500-$2,999..........
$3,000-$4,999_____
$5,000 and over__
Negro families
All families...................
Relief families_______
29
5
24
1
2
6
2
4
3
4
1
1
7
5
2
In
com
plete
VII Other fam
ilies
(10) 01) (12)
31
1
30
1
1
3
5
3
5
2
5
2
3
90
7
83
4
5
11
13
9
5
8
11
9
7
1
30
3
27
25
4
21
2
2
2
2
3
1
3
3
5
4
3
7
5
3
1
2
8
2
8
1
1
1
1
1
1
8
7
1
3
3
5
4
1
13
10
3
10
8
2
2
14
5
9
19
5
14
1
3
1
1
1
3
1
3
7
1
125
20
105
22
13
14
16
9
6
7
9
2
7
15
11
4
3
3
18
9
9
1 Since the data on these color and nativity groups are based on samples of different size, no valid com
binations of the data can be made without applying weights shown in the explanatory note of sec. A.
2 For definitions of family types, see footnote 1 of table 1 of sec. B on p. 124.
355
TABULAR SU M M A R Y
DENVER, COLO.
—Sources of family Income: N um ber of fa m ilies scheduled receiving
incom e from specified sources , and average am ount of such incom e , by color ,
n a tiv ity , and incom e , 1 93 5-36 1
T able 4.
Number of families receiving—
N um
bel of
fam
ilies
Income class
(2)
(1)
Average family income2
Money income
from—
Earn
ings
(3)
Non
money
Other income
Total
sources
from
(positive housing3
or nega
tive)5
(6)
(4)
(5)
Money income
from—
Earn
ings
(7)
Non
money
Other income
sources
from
(positive housing4
or nega
tive)®
(8)
(9)
N a tive w h ite in co m p lete
fa m ilie s
All families.......... ..............
Relief families__________
Nonrelief families— ___
$0-$499................ .........
$500-$749......................
$750-$999____ ______
$1,000-$1,249________
$1,250-$1,499________
$1,500-$1,749...............
$1,750-$1,999........ .......
$2,000-$2,499.......... .
$2,500-$2,999.............
$3,000-$4,999.......... .
$5,000 and over...........
490
115
375
65
43
58
42
32
25
14
35
21
26
14
404
88
316
39
35
51
38
31
24
12
32
19
23
12
154
17
137
24
13
22
17
12
4
4
14
10
11
6
205
34
171
22
15
26
16
15
12
8
20
9
18
10
$1, 297
473
1, 550
283
635
886
1,126
1,354
1, 595
1,839
2,233
2, 698
3, 693
6, 928
$973
404
1,148
159
436
614
866
1,080
1,376
1, 365
1,808
2, 057
2, 733
4, 544
$215
34
270
78
117
172
161
175
78
281
284
489
654
1,844
$109
35
132
46
82
100
99
99
141
193
141
152
306
540
448
60
388
35
35
48
66
38
32
28
39
24
35
8
404
46
358
19
27
48
62
37
32
28
38
24
35
8
109
10
99
10
17
9
15
9
3
4
10
9
8
5
253
31
222
19
24
19
32
26
12
18
23
18
24
7
1, 549
558
1, 702
201
618
898
1, 111
1,385
1,613
1,863
2, 209
2, 723
3, 639
10,008
1,330
467
1,462
117
347
809
926
1,121
1, 471
1, 622
1, 982
2,410
3, 279
8,287
102
34
113
-7
175
21
99
110
84
87
111
105
141
1,166
117
57
127
91
96
68
86
154
58
154
116
208
219
555
41
17
24
33
13
20
7
2
5
19
5
14
697
330
957
584
301
784
53
15
80
60
14
93
F oreign -born w h ite
f a m ilie s 7
All families.......................
Relief families........ ..........
N onrelief families........___
$0-$499.................... .
$500-$749....................
$750-$999___________
$1,000-$1,249________
$1,250-$1,499________
$1,500-$1,749________
$1,750-$l,999..........
$2,000-$2,499________
$2,500-$2,999_.......... ..
$3,000-$4,999_.......... .
$5,000 and over_____
N eg ro fa m ilie s
7
All families.........................
Relief families....................
Nonrelief families______
F a m ilie s o f other color
7
496
29
73
63
9
9
458
9
All families.........................
52
451
432
12
Relief families........ ...........
45
6
4
7
21
606
520
71
18
3
5
Nonrelief families______
15
1 Since the data on these color and nativity groups are based on samples of different size, no valid com
binations of the data can be made without applying weights shown in the explanatory note of sec. A.
2 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2), whether or not they received income
from the specified source. See glossary for definition of terms.
3 Includes all families that owned homes during the report year (see table 7, cols. 2, 6, 10, and 14) as well
as 12 native white incomplete, 5 foreign born white families, and 1 family of other color who received rent
as pay.
4 Represents the estimated rental value of owned homes for the period of ownership and occupancy, less
estimated expenses allocable to that period, and the value of rent received as pay.
* Includes families having money income other than earnings, families having business losses met from
family funds, and families having both.
8 Includes money income other than earnings, after deduction of business losses met from family funds.
7 ComDlete families (all family types combined) and incomplete families.
356
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
DENVER, COLO.
5.—Principal earners: N um ber of p rin cip a l earners scheduled, by sex, w ith
average weeks of em ploym ent, and average ann u al earnings, by color, n ativity, an d
T able
incom e, 1 93 5-86
1
Average Average
Number Number of principal earners weeks
of
of fami
employ annual
lies
A ll2
Male Female ment 3 earnings*
(4)
(3)
(5)
(7)
(6)
(2)
Income class
(1)
N a tiv e w h ite in co m p lete fa m ilies
490
115
375
65
43
58
42
32
25
14
35
21
26
14
374
84
290
29
31
45
34
30
24
11
32
19
23
12
149
27
122
6
7
15
13
11
15
4
18
10
16
7
225
57
168
23
24
30
21
19
9
7
14
9
7
5
47
38
49
38
48
49
51
49
52
52
51
51
52
52
$1,036
439
1,209
263
561
715
978
1,031
1,022
1,312
1,690
1,867
2,224
4,131
All families............................................ .............
Relief families---------------------------------------Nonrelief families........ . ....................................
$0-$499.............................................. ..........
$500-$749.......................................................
$750-$999.......................................................
$1,000-$1,249.................. ..............................
$1,250-$1,499_________ _______________
$1,500-$1,749_______ _________________
$1,750-$1,999___ ______ _______ _____ _
$2,00G-$2,499______ __________________
$2,500-$2,999 ............................... ...........
$3,000-$4,999........................... ................$5,000 and over
____ ___ _
448
60
388
35
35
48
66
38
32
28
39
24
35
391
45
346
13
25
47
61
36
31
28
38
24
35
8
335
39
296
12
17
37
56
30
30
20
30
24
32
8
56
6
50
1
8
10
5
6
1
8
49
42
50
48
45
47
49
51
50
52
51
51
52
52
1,262
528
1,357
243
411
753
922
1,080
1,286
1,335
1,671
1,885
2,372
7,070
All families..........................................................
Relief families.....................................................
Nonrelief families.......... ...................................
41
17
24
33
25
9
16
47
40
52
640
376
811
All families..........................................................
Relief families............................... . . ................
Nonrelief families....................-.............-.........
$0-$499..........................................................
$500-$749.......................................................
$750-$999.............................. .......................
$1,000-$1,249...............................................
$1,250-$1,499...................... ......................$1,500-$1,749_______ _________________
$1,750-$1,999...................... ..........................
$2,000-$2,499...................... .........................
$2,500-$2,999.................................................
$3,000-$4,999......................................... .....
$5,000 and over............................ . . . .........
F oreign -born w h ite f a m ilie s 8
N eg ro f a m ilie s 8
F a m ilie s o f other c o lo r 8
8
13
20
8
3
8
4
4
73
63
54
9
43
All families........................................................
506
52
45
42
40
Relief families.....................................................
5
492
21
Nonrelief fam ilies..........................................
18
14
4
47
541
1 Since the data on these color and nativity groups are based on samples of different size, no valid com
binations of the data can be made without applying weights shown in the explanatory note of sec. A.
2 The total number of principal earners given in column (3) is equivalent to the total number of families
having individual earners, since a family can have only one principal earner. The difference between the
totals in columns (2) and (3) is explained by the fact that column (2), number of families, includes'cases in
which none of the family income was attributable to individual earners.
8 Averages in this column are based on the number of principal earners reporting weeks of employment.
* Averages in this column are based on the corresponding counts of principal earners in column (3).
Average earnings of principal earners according to sex were as follows:
Nativity group
Native white incomplete................................................... .................... ................
Foreign-born w hite.......................................................................................................
N eg ro ________________________ ______ ___ _____ ______________________ _
Other color......................................................................................................................
8 Complete families (all family types combined) and incomplete families.
All families
Male
$1,306
1,332
685
523
Female
$858
840
499
405
357
TABULAR SUMMARY
DEN VER , COLO.
6.—Number of earners in family: N um ber o f fa m ilies scheduled with
specified num ber of in d ividu a l earners , num ber and average earnings of su pple
m entary earners, and average earnings of fa m ily from su pplem en tary earners, by
color, n ativity, and incom e, 1 93 5-86 1
T able
Income class
Number
of families
(1)
(2)
Number of families with spec
Average
ified number of individual Number Average earnings
earners
of sup- earnings
family
piemen- of supple per
from sup
tary
mentary plementary
Two
or
earners
earners
a
Any
One
earners 3
more
(3)
(4)
(5)
(7)
(6)
(8)
N a tiv e w h ite in co m p lete
fa m ilie s
All families.............. ...............
Relief families____________
Nonrelief families..................
$0-$499_________ _____
$500-$749_____________
$750-$999_____________
$1,000-$1,249__________
$1,250-$1,499__________
$1,500-$1,749__________
$1,750-$1,999.....................
$2,000-$2,499............. ..
$2,500-$2,999....................
$3,000-$4,999............. .
$5,000 and over...............
490
115
375
65
43
58
42
32
25
14
35
21
26
14
374
84
290
29
31
45
34
30
24
11
32
19
23
12
277
61
216
28
29
42
30
23
11
6
21
12
9
5
97
23
74
1
2
3
4
7
13
5
11
7
14
7
122
28
94
1
2
3
4
9
18
7
14
9
20
7
$596
282
690
(*)
(*)
74
206
304
452
445
590
843
994
1,954
$148
69
173
2
7
4
20
85
325
222
236
361
764
977
448
60
388
35
35
48
66
38
32
28
39
24
35
8
391
45
346
13
25
47
61
36
31
28
38
24
35
8
273
37
236
12
22
38
49
27
19
17
22
11
15
4
118
8
110
1
3
9
12
9
12
11
16
13
20
4
173
9
164
1
3
12
15
9
17
16
25
24
36
6
535
281
548
206
42
232
4
12
57
63
91
212
254
330
485
884
1,218
41
17
24
33
13
20
28
12
16
5
1
4
5
1
4
73
52
21
63
45
18
56
42
14
7
3
4
8
3
5
F oreign -born w h ite
f a m ilie s 4
All families..................... . . .
Relief families......................
Nonrelief families_________
$0-$499_.............................
$500-$749..........................
$750-$999____________ _
$ 1,000-$1,249__________
$1.250-$1,499_____ ____
$1,500-$1,749__________
$1,750-$1,999__________
$2,000-$2,499__________
$2,500-$2,999__________
$3,000-$4,999__________
$5,000 and over...............
(*)
140
227
277
384
398
444
515
485
859
1,623
N eg ro fa m ilie s 4
All families.............................
Relief families.........................
N onrelief families..................
504
(*)
571
61
14
95
183
125
218
20
72
52
F a m ilie s o f other color 4
All families..............................
Relief families.........................
Nonrelief families_________
1Since the data on these color and nativity groups are based on samples of different size, no valid com
binations of the data can be made without applying weights shown in the explanatory note of sec. A.
2 Averages in this column are based on the number of supplementary earners, column (6).
3 Averages in this column are based on the number of families in each class, column (2).
* Complete families (all family types combined) and incomplete families.
•Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
7.—Average monthly rental value and average monthly rent:
N um ber of hom e-owning and renting fa m ilies scheduled,
average m onthly rental value , and average m onthly rent , by color , n a tiv ity , and incom e , 1 93 5-86 1
Native white incomplete
families
( 1)
All families..............
Relief families........ .
Nonrelief families..
$0-$499_______
$500-$749..........
$750-$999___ —
$1,000-$1,249...
$1,250-$1,499—
$1,500-$1.749—
$1,750-$1,999—
$2,000-$2,499.~
$2,50G-$2,999—
$3,000-$4,999—
$5,000 and over.
Number of
families
Average
monthly—
Number of
families
Average
monthly—
Number of
families
Average
monthly—
Number of
families
Average
monthly—
Home- Rent Rental
HomeHome- Rent Rental
Home- Rent Rental
Rental
own ing value3 Rent 4 own Rent
ing value3 R ent4
ing value 3 R en t4 own
ing value 3 R en t4 own
ing
ing
ing
ing
(9)
(5)
(2)
(6)
(7)
(8)
GO)
(3)
(4)
CD (12) (13) (14) (15) (16) (17)
191
33
158
19
14
22
15
10
7
20
9
17
10
299
82
217
**46
29
36
**27
17
15
7
15
12
9
4
$33
19
37
20
30
30
33
29
36
44
31
40
54
83
$24
16
27
17
19
26
15
29
29
27
31
39
42
35
50
248
31
217
17
24
19
31
25
12
18
23
18
23
7
200
29
171
18
11
29
35
13
20
10
16
**6
12
1
$28
17
30
23
20
22
24
28
22
32
33
35
43
71
$22
13
24
17
19
21
19
20
25
27
30
35
39
(*)
19
5
14
2
1
2
3
3
1
2
22
12
10
2
3
3
1
1
$20
14
22
(*)
(*)
(*)24
19
(*)
(*)
$12
10
15
(*)
11
14
(*)
(*)
8
4
4
2
1
1
65
48
17
8
5
1
3
$15
13
16
O
(*)
(*)
$9
10
9
10
8
(*)
8
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
Income class
Families of other color 2
Negro families 2
Foreign-born white families1
358
DENVER, COLO.
T able
1 Families are classified as home-owning or renting families according to their status at the date of interview. Since the data on these color and nativity groups are based on
samples of different size, no valid combination? of the data can be made without applying weights shown in the explanatory note of sec. A.
3 Complete families (all family types combined) and incomplete families.
3
Based on estimate made by home owner for period of ownership and occupancy during report year. Averages are based on the number of home-owning families as of end of
report year.
* Rent reported at date of interview. Averages are based on the number of renting families in each class that reported monthly rent, including families receiving rent as gift, the
amount of which is estimated by the family.
♦ Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
•♦ Rent not reported for 1 family.
359
TABULAR SUMMARY
O M A H A , NEBR .-C OUNCIL BLUFFS, IO W A
T able
1.— Color and n ativity groups by in com e: Number of families scheduled
of specified color and nativity, by income, 1935-36 1
Native white
Income class
(1)
Relief and nonrelief families 4
All families................................................. . . .
$0-$249._____________ __________________
$250-$499........................ .................... - ..........
$500-$749.........................................................
$750-$999______ _______ _________________
$1,000-$1,249....................................... ...............
$1,250-$1,499_________________ _____ ____
$1,500-$1,749_____ _____ _________________
$1,750 $1,999 _ _________ ____________
$2,000-$2,249 __________ ____________
$2,250-$2,499______ ____ _________________
$2,500-$2,999_____ _______ _______________
$3,000-$3,499 _______ _________
$3,500-$3,999_______ ____________________
$4,000~$4,499____________________________
$4,500-$4,999____ _______________________
$5,000-$7,499_____________________ ____
$7,500-$9,999
..
_
... _
$10,000 and over_______ _________________
Nonrelief families
All families..........................................................
$0-$249__________ ________ ______________
$250-$499_____ ____________ _____ _______
$500~$749_____ _________________________
$750-$999_______________________________
$1,000-$1,249____________________________
$1,250-$1,499___ ____ ____________________
$1,500-$1,749____ _______________________
$1,750-$1,999____________________________
$2,000-$2,249 __________________________
$2,250-$2,499____________________________
$2,500-$2,999____ _______________________
$3,000-$3,499 ____ _________ _____________
$3,500-$3,999___________ ________________
$4,000-$4,499 _____ ________________
$4,500-$4,999____ ____ ______ ____________
$5,000-$7,499 ___________________ _____
$7,500-$9,999 ______________________
$10 000 a nd o v e r
Foreign-born white
Com
plete 2
(2)
Incom
plete
(3)
11,293
276
586
905
1,052
1,387
1,161
1,138
1,039
836
680
855
487
306
183
104
221
44
33
250
25
32
44
27
37
24
11
13
11
5
6
5
8
1
1
422
22
24
49
49
46
45
46
39
26
19
29
11
5
4
2
5
1
344
11
19
38
37
39
36
38
35
23
17
24
11
5
3
2
5
1
78
11
5
11
12
7
9
8
4
3
2
9,674
37
132
369
853
1, 299
1,107
1,114
1,029
828
678
853
484
306
183
104
221
44
33
197
5
20
30
26
34
21
11
13
11
5
6
5
81
1
356
11
9
29
42
43
41
44
38
25
18
28
11
5
4
2
5
1
289
6
6
20
30
36
32
36
35
22
16
23
11
5
3
2
5
1
67
5
3
9
12
7
9
8
3
3
2
All
(4)
Com
plete
(5)
Incom
plete
(6)
5
Negro
(7)
49
9
6
12
12
5
2
2
1
1
5
26
1
7
9
4
2
2
1
1
1 See the introductory note to sec. A for the size the samples represented in this and subsequent tables.
A family is classified as native if both husband and wife are native born (or, in the case of an incomplete
family if the head is native born); otherwise, the family is classified as foreign born. A family is classified
as a complete family if it includes both husband and wife; as an incomplete family if it does not include
both husband and wife. Single individuals are included in the incomplete families. See glossary for
further definitions. There are 3 families of other color not shown on this or any of the subsequent tables,
due to their relative infrequency. Since the data on these color and nativity groups are based on samples of
different size, no valid combinations of the data can be made without applying weights shown in the
explanatory note of sec. A.
2 See sec. B tables for tabular analysis of native white complete families.
3 Complete families (all family types combined) and incomplete families.
* Relief families are distributed according to their income, which excludes direct relief received in cash or
kind.
78127°— 40------ 24
360
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
O M A H A , N E BR .-C O U N CIL BLUFFS, IO W A
T able
2.— O ccupational groups: Number of families scheduled of specified
occupational groups, by colory nativity, and income, 1935—36 1
Occupational groups
income class
(1)
Native white incomplete families
All families......................... ......................... .........................
Relief families........................................................- ...............
Nonrelief families_____________________ ____ _______
$0-$499--------- ------------ ----------- ------------------------$500-$749.................. ..........— .................................—
$750-$999_____________________ _______ ________
$1,000-$1,249___________________ _______________
$1,250-$1,499 _
_________________________
$1,500-$1 749 __________________________________
$1,750-$1,999 ______________ _______ _________
$2,000-$2,499__________________________________
$2,500-$2,999_____________ _____ ___ _____ _____
$3,000-$4,999....................................................................
$5,000 and over________________________________
Foreign-born white families4
All families........ .................... ........................- ......................
Relief fam ilies..------ ---------------------------------------------Nonrelief families------------------------------------------- ------$0-$499
_______________________________
$500-$749______ _______________________ _______
$750-$999_________ _____________________ ______
$1,000-$1,249__________________________________
$1,250--$1,499__________________________________
$l,500-$l,749__________________________________
$1,750-$1,999________________ ________ _________
$2,000-$2,499 _________________________________
$2,500-$2,999 ____ ____________________ _______ $3,000-$4,999 _____ _____ ______________________
$5 000 and over ____________________________
Negro fam ilies4
All families............................................................................
Relief families ___________________________________
Nonrelief families_________________________________
All
Wage
earner
(2)
(3)
Business
Clerical and pro Other3
fessional 8
(4)
(5)
(6)
250
53
197
25
30
26
34
21
11
13
16
6
15
86
35
51
5
12
8
5
4
3
4
6
2
2
77
5
72
1
4
9
19
13
7
4
7
2
6
46
2
44
4
6
8
8
4
1
5
2
2
4
41
11
30
18
5
1
2
422
66
356
20
29
42
43
. 41
44
38
43
28
22
6
217
49
168
5
9
26
28
22
26
17
22
7
6
73
4
69
94
4
90
3
11
6
7
7
8
8
11
13
10
6
38
9
29
12
6
3
1
3
1
3
49
23
26
35
17
18
1
9
2
4
4
3
7
7
9
9
10
10
8
6
1
1
3
i Since the data on these nativity groups are based on samples of different size, no valid combinations
of the data can be made without applying weights shown in the explanatory note of sec. A.
* The business and professional families are classified as follows:
All families
Occupational group
Independent business................................................................
Independent professional. _ ___________________ _____
Salaried business_____________________________________
Salaried professional----------------- --------------------- -------- -
Native white Foreign-born
incomplete
white
28
1
1
16
66
8
13
7
Negro
6
3
3 This group contains 1 foreign-born family engaged in farming and families having no gainfully employed
members.
4 Complete families (all family types combined) and incomplete families.
361
TABULAR SUMMARY
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
T able
3 .—
Family types:
N um ber of fa m ilies scheduled of
color, n a tiv ity , and incom e, 1 9 8 5 -8 6 1
specified types, by
Complete families of type s_
Income class
All
(1)
Foreign-born white
families
All families....................
Relief families.............
Nonrelief families____
$0-$499 ..................
$500-$749 ..............
$750--$999................
$1,000-$1,249_........
$1,250-$1,499..........
$1,500-$1,749..........
$1,750-$1,999..........
$2,000-$2,499..........
$2,500- $2,999
$3,000-$4,999
$5,000 and over__
Negro families
All families....................
Belief families_______
Nonrelief families------
Any
1
II
III
IV
V
VI
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
422
66
356
20
29
42
43
41
44
38
43
28
22
6
344
55
289
12
20
30
36
32
36
35
38
23
21
6
95
15
80
8
9
11
9
8
12
9
6
3
4
1
34
6
28
1
1
5
3
3
6
3
2
2
1
1
19
4
15
49
23
26
35
16
19
19
7
12
2
1
1
1
1
5
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
In
com
plete
VII Other fam
ilies
(10) (11) (12)
92
5
87
1
7
9
10
11
10
10
9
12
5
3
42
9
33
1
4
2
5
2
5
7
2
4
1
17
3
14
5
2
3
2
2
2
1
1
1
4
2
2
2
2
1
16
6
10
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
29
7~
22
1
1
1
2
9
3
5
78
11
67
8
9
12
7
9
8
3
5
5
1
1
1
3
2
1
14
7
7
i Since the data on these color and nativity groups are based on samples of different size, no valid com
binations of the data can be made without applying weights shown in the explanatory note of sec. A.
a For definitions of family types, see footnote 1 of table 1 of sec. B on p. 172.
362
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
4.—Sources of family income: N um ber of fa m ilies scheduled receiving
incom e from specified sources, and average am ount of such incom e, by color,
n ativity, and incom e, 1 98 5-36 1
T able
Average family income 2
Number of families receiving—
Income class
Num
ber of
fami
lies
(1)
(2)
Money income
from—
Non
money
Other income Total
Earn sources
from
ings (positive or housing8
negative)5
(5)
(6)
(3)
(4)
Money income
from—
Non
money
Other income
Earn sources
from
ings (positive or housing4
negative)8
(8)
(7)
(9)
N a tiv e w h ite in c o m p le te
fa m ilie s
All families.........................
Relief families....................
N onrelief families............
$0-$499..........................
$500-$749......................
$750-$999.................. .
$1,000-$1,249_..............
$1,250-$1,499_..............
$1,500-$1,749...............
$1,750-$1,999.......... .
$2,000-$2,499.......... .
$2,500-$2,999........
$3,000-$4,999.......... . . .
$5,000 and over
250
53
197
25
30
26
34
21
11
13
J6
6
15
209
42
167
10
22
25
32
21
11
13
15
6
12
74
11
63
15
12
7
10
5
1
3
4
1
5
110
19
91
14
16
8
13
8
2
8
9
4
9
$1,149
433
1, 341
325
618
865
1,122
1, 381
1, 593
1,876
2,185
2, 629
3,680
$910
346
1,061
92
360
700
863
1,229
1,544
1,593
1,861
2,290
2,759
$146
48
172
161
160
119
179
88
0
96
154
66
663
$93
39
108
72
98
46
80
64
49
187
170
273
258
422
356
20
29
42
43
41
44
38
43
28
22
6
385
57
328
9
23
39
42
38
43
35
43
28
22
6
102
11
91
9
10
12
7
12
9
10
11
5
4
2
301
36
265
18
20
27
27
35
34
27
31
22
19
5
1,523
674
1, 680
289
654
878
1, 122
1,378
1,601
1,851
2,209
2,769
3, 667
6, 274
1,265
561
1,395
54
417
632
970
1,052
1,325
1,479
1,878
2,455
3,318
5,823
104
36
116
89
122
128
34
163
122
200
144
81
26
102
154
77
169
146
115
118
118
163
154
172
187
233
323
349
49
23
26
45
19
26
7
4
3
14
3
11
725
413
1,002
624
367
852
64
32
93
37
14
57
F oreign -born w h ite
fa m ilie s 7
All families......................
Relief families...................
Nonrelief families______
$0-$499......................$500-$749......................
$750-$999......................
$1.000-$1,249.... ...........
$1,250-$1,499__..........
$1,500-$1,749...............
$1,750-$1,999................
$2,000-$2,499________
$2,500-$2,999................
$3,000-$4,999________
$5,000 and over_____
N e g ro fa m ilie s
66
7
All families.........................
Relief families....................
Nonrelief families.............
i Since the data on these color and nativity groups are based on samples of different size, no valid com
binations of the data can be made without applying weights shown in the explanatory note of sec. A .
8 The averages in each column are based on all families, column (2), whether or not they received income
from the specified source. See glossary for definition of terms.
3 Includes all families that owned homes during the report year (see table 7, cols. 2,6, and 10) as well as
1 native white incomplete, 3 foreign-born white, and 1 Negro and other color family who received rent as pay.
4 Represents the estimated rental value of owned homes for the period of ownership and occupancy, less
estimated expenses allocable to that period; and the value of rent received as pay.
3 Includes families having money income other than earnings, families having business losses met from
family funds, and families having both such income and such losses.
8 Includes money income other than earnings, after deduction of business losses met from family funds.
7 Complete families (all family types combined) and incomplete families.
363
TABULAR SUMMARY
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
5 . — Principal earners: N um ber of p rin cip a l earners scheduled , by sexy
w ith average weeks of em ploym en t , and average an n u al earnings , by color , n a tiv ity ,
and incom e , 1 98 5-86 1
T able
Average Average
Number Number of principal earners weeks
of
of fami
employ annual
lies
A ll3
Male
Female ment 3 earnings4
(3)
(4)
(2)
(6)
(7)
(5)
Income class
(1)
N a tiv e w h ite in co m p lete fa m ilie s
All families.......................................
Relief families..................................
Nonrelief families____________ __________
$0-$499......................................................
$500-1749............... .....................................
$750-$999................. ................................
$1,000-$1,249...............................................
$1,250-$1,499...................... .
..
$1,500-$1,749................ ............................
$1,750-Sl,999................ ...........................
$2,000-$2,499_____ ________________
$2,500-$2,999_______ ______ _________
$3,000-$4,999_____________
$5,000 and over_______________ _____
F oreign -born w h ite fa m ilie s *
All families........................................ . _
Relief families__________ ________________
Nonrelief families______________________
$0-$499__________ __________________
$500-$749________________ ____ ______
$750-$999......................................................
$l,000-$l,249_____ _____ ____ ________
$1,250-$1,499________________________
$1,500-$1,749________________________
$1,750-11,999________________________
$2,000-$2,499________________________
$2,500-$2,999________________________
$3,000-$4,999...........................................
$5,000 and over_________ __________
Negro families 1
All families_____ ________ _______________
Relief families_______ _________ _________
Nonrelief families.......... ..............................
250
53
197
25
30
26
34
21
11
13
16
6
15
195
40
155
7
18
23
29
21
11
13
15
6
12
84
18
66
3
6
7
7
6
6
7
10
5
9
111
22
89
4
12
16
22
15
5
6
5
1
3
48
39
50
35
49
50
50
51
51
50
51
52
51
$920
408
1,052
235
631
693
872
1,155
1,401
1,224
1,454
1,461
2,037
422
66
356
20
29
42
43
41
44
38
43
28
22
6
375
56
319
7
20
36
42
38
42
35
43
28
22
6
327
51
276
6
15
29
38
34
41
29
36
23
19
6
48
5
43
1
5
7
4
4
1
6
7
5
3
48
40
60
29
47
46
50
51
51
51
52
51
52
52
1,176
570
1,282
129
522
662
948
1,036
1,207
1,348
1,498
1,807
2,340
5,050
49
23
26
42
19
23
38
17
21
4
2
2
45
37
51
615
389
802
1 Since the data on these color and nativity groups are based on samples of different size, no valid com
binations of the data can be made without applying weights shown in the explanatory note of sec. A.
3 The total number of principal earners given in column (3) is equivalent to the total number of families
having individual earners, since a family can have only one principal earner. The difference between the
totals in columns (2) and (3) is explained by the fact that column (2). number of families, includes cases in
which none of the family income was attributable to individual earners.
8 Averages in this column are based on the number of principal earners reporting weeks of employment.
4 Averages in this column are based on the corresponding counts of principal earners in column (3). Aver
age earnings of principal earners according to sex were as follows:
N ativity group
Native white incomplete
Foreign-born white..........
Negro...................................
5 Complete families (all family types combined) and incomplete families.
All families
Male
$1,066
1,211
617
Female
937
601
364
WEST CENTRAL-ROCKY MOUNTAIN REGION
O M A H A , N E B R .-C O U N C IL B L U F F S , IO W A
6.—Number of earners in family: N um ber of fa m ilies scheduled w ith
specified num ber of in d ividu a l earners , num ber and average earnings of su pple
m entary earners, and average earnings of fa m ily from su pplem en tary earners , by
colory n a tiv ity , and incom e , 1 9 8 5 -8 6 1
T able
Income class
Number
of fami
lies
(1)
(2)
Number of families with spec
Average
ified number of individual Number Average earnings
earners
of sup earnings per family
plemen of supple from sup
tary
mentary
Two
or
earners earners 2 plementary
Any
One
earners8
more
(4)
(5)
(6)
(3)
(7)
(8)
N a tiv e w h ite in c o m p le te
fa m ilie s
All families..............................
Relief families.........................
Nonrelief families..................
$0-$499...............................
$50O-$749...........................
$750-$999...........................
$1,000-$1,249.....................
$1,250-$1,499___................
$1,500-$1,749.....................
$1,750-$1,999__...............
$2,000-$2,499.....................
$2,500-$2,999.....................
$3,000-$4,999_....................
5,000 and over________
250
53
197
25
30
26
34
21
11
13
16
6
15
195
40
155
7
18
23
29
21
11
13
15
6
12
141
31
110
7
17
19
23
17
9
7
6
3
2
54
9
45
70
11
59
1
4
6
4
2
6
9
3
10
1
4
6
4
2
8
11
5
18
422
66
356
20
29
42
43
41
44
38
43
28
22
6
375
56
319
7
20
36
42
38
42
35
43
28
22
6
263
43
220
6
17
33
36
32
27
21
23
11
11
3
112
13
99
1
3
3
6
6
15
14
20
17
11
3
161
18
143
1
3
3
8
8
18
17
29
27
25
4
49
23
26
42
19
23
33
15
18
9
4
5
12
4
8
$554
140
631
(*)
247
183
294
(•)
561
710
696
936
$155
29
189
8
38
32
56
101
345
488
580
1,123
F oreign -born w h ite
f a m ilie s 4
All families..............................
Relief families.—...................
Nonrelief families..................
$0-$499...... ........................
$500-$749...........................
$750-$999— ......................
$1.000-$1,249.....................
$1,250-$1,499.....................
$1,500-$1,749_...................
$1,750-$1,999_...................
$2,000-$2,499.....................
$2,500-$2,999.....................
$3,000-$4,999.....................
$5,000 and over—............
524
268
557
(*)
268
91
236
402
375
532
519
662
850
860
200
73
224
1
27
6
44
78
154
238
350
639
966
574
239
224
247
59
39
78
N eg ro f a m ilie s 4
All families..............................
Relief families.........................
Nonrelief families..................
1 Since the data on these color and nativity groups are based on samples of different size, no valid com
binations of the data can be made without applying weights shown in the explanatory note of sec. A.
2 Averages in this column are based on the number of supplementary earners, column (6).
8 Averages in this column are based on the number of families in each class, column (2).
4 Complete families (all family types combined) and incomplete families.
* Averages not computed for fewer than 3 cases.
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