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About t e Way
the Uni ed States
Made War
GOVERNMENT LOAN ORGANIZATION
Second
Feder o.l
Liberty
120 Broadwmy
R eserve
Loan
D is tr act
Committee
N ew York
FACTS ABOUT THE WAY THE
UNITED STATES MADE WAR
INTRODUCT ION.
The iniormation in t!Jj., pamphlet ha-, hccn
i,,ued ]iy the l·nited :-;late Trea ur_\ Department in \\·a hingtun
It i-, for the u,e oi _'pe,tker.,
111
the \ ·icton
\I
ill lie ahlc to
Libert_\ Loan Campaign.
\\ ith the ' e fach an: -,peak ·r
an,,,er ohjection
ing·
11
here he .,peak
ahle material
tant
that m,t_\ he rai l'd at meet
the
of it
. \ great deal oi \,tlu -
1,
contained hen·in and the c11n
II
ill ,implii_\ till' pea l er·._ ta.,k.
.
EXCE RPTS FROM "AME RICA'S MUNIT IONS "
,\l th e outbreak of the war there were only 97 officers in the
Ordna nce Depa rtm e11 l. Eleven thousa11rl officc·rs were rec1uired for
th e fi r l 5,000,000 men.
ln lhe O rd nance Departm ent alone there were 100,000 separate
and di t i11cl a rti cles.
At the ti me of the . igning of the Armi tice nearly 8,000 plant
11ne engaged in O rclna11cc \\Ork in the 'nitcd State·.
artillery
I 11 vi ·w of the ability of England and France to provide
for our 19 18 America n Expediti onary Force, a mall early productio11 was acr ilicecl in order lo build facilitie for larger ultimate
prod uction. \\'e could not make exact French "75 ·, on account of
the u,e of m<:tric mea urements by the French anrl the. English system
u eel by rn,. No tap·, die , drills, etc., could be u ed, o we modified
or tran lated th ir cle igns to our y tem of mea. urcment.
rdna11ce requirem ents wcr made ccondar} t tho e of the
,\ll ies, our 1avy, our l\[erchan t l\Iarine a11cl at times even our railroad .
T he e timated co t of the ordnance required to equip our first
five million men wa between 12,000,000,000 and $ 13,000,000,000.
From 1775 to April 6, 19 17, the total appropri ations of ongre .
amoun ted to but 26,000,000,000, including the co t of five war and
the pen ions re ulting from th•. e \\'ar . The total co t of the
ordnance efi'ort to cq11ip our first five million men amounte d to
12.00 for e\ery hour since the birth of hri t.
UC E
E
Th re was never a hortage of ·mokele • powder.
,·er 2,500,000 ·boulder rifle were produced in the 19 month
of our participa tion 111 the \\'ar-mo re than either England or
France procluced during that period-E ngland produced 1.970,000
and France 1,400,000, our from a standing ,tart. The average
month ly productio n during July .. \ugu t and _ eptember , 1918, was
a follow :
France ........ . . .. .. . . . . ........ .. . 40,500
England . . . .. .. . .. . . . . . ....... .. .. . 112, 2 1
. . . . . . . . .. 233,-62
U111ted :tales
v r three billion round of ,mall arm ammunit ion \Vere produ eel and our . peed before the \rmistice was twice that of France
and 10 per cent. greater than f-'nglancL.
u r prod uction of machine guns during the perio I from .\ pril
6, 1 17 to o, 11. 1 l . wa, -..li~htl~ more than Fngland ', and
.,
. lightly less than France's. Al the enc_! of th war our rate w~1s
twic that of France and nea rl y thrc tune as gr at a England s.
ln c nnection with 75-millimetcr hells, 4,250,000 high x plosi\(' shell .. 500.000 gas hell and 7,250,000 hrapnel had been produced bv November IL 191 . .\ total of ,250,000 rounds o f
75-milli1{1eler ammunition were fired by ,\merica n Arl'illcry 111 c11.
Eight million fi,e hundred thousand rounds had been shipped .
" \\'e were bui ldino- to make Viet ry ab olut ly ce rtain ."
It take 10 111 nths to manufacture one 14-i nch .SO-caliber rifle
at a cot of about -00.000. It life is 150 hot - then a new lin er i.
in erted before it i used again.
The Ii fe of a 75-mill imeter gun i up t 12,000 round .
Gun o f 3-inch to 9.5-inch caliber . uppliecl to llies from , pril,
1917. to Nov. 11 , 19 18, were 1,305.
:-IO TI-IL Y I'R DUCTIO
F FI TI HED
Ranging in ize from
millimeter to 240 millimeter. , al the variou
mac hining and assembling plants.
191 7-1918
Caliber
Dec. Jan . Feb. Mar. Apr. 1llay J11111'
r -millimeter . ........ . .. . . 5 45 48 52 74 127 169
3-in. anti-aircraft .. . ... .. . .
24
2
3
16
16
11
4.7-in. gun . . .... . . . .. . . . .
6
155-mil. howitzer . . . . ..... .
10
16
28
75
3
t55-mil. gun .... .... .. . .. .
8-in. howitzer . .... ..... .. .
34
38
240-mil. howitzer . . .. .. ... .
r
Total ... ... ...... ... .
61
r
Caliber
July Aug. cpt.
75-millimeter . ...... .. .. . 142 204 199
3-in. anti-aircra ft . ....... . . 10
11
22
4.7-in . 0-1.111 . . . . . . . . . . . .. .. .
15
29
155-mil. howitzer . .. . . . . . . 110 24
206
155-mil. gun .. . .. . . . . . .. .
2
14
8-in. howitzer . ...... . .. .. .
2
22
240-mil. howitzer ... .. . .. .
l
T otal
.. .. ......... . . 272
507
+92
112 130 163 26 1
1918
Oct. 'l\'ov . Dec. T otal
214 320 214 I, 13
50
34
31 230
7 1 50
39 218
350 23 1 179 1,456
51
22
40 129
33
14
14 19 1
I
2
769
672
T O T AL PRO D U TI ~ O F PRO PELL:'\
April 6, 1917 to 'ovember II, 191
nited tale . .... . . . . . ...... 632,504,000
France .......... . . . ..... . ... 343,950,000
Englan d . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 294,2 ,000
-1
517 4,039
T
lb .
''
"
◄
AVER.A , E iv! O NTJJLY RATE OF JII GH EXPLOS IVE
PROD CTION
ovember 19 18
11itccl . ta lcs ................. 39, 12 1,000 lbs.
E ngland ...... . .............. 29, 122,000 "
l• ran ee . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23,1 54,000 "
,\ t the beginning f the wa r the co l of mokcle powder was
80c per pouncl for ,mall arms and at ovember 11 , 1918 it was 62c
per po un d.
The following figure
how the number of loaded GRENADES, either rifle or hand, hipped o,ersea, or on the dock awaiting hipmcnt up to November 23, 19 18:
Shipped
to Date Awaiting Shipment
Rifle grenade ( V. B. ~lark l ) ..... . 6"5,000
3,078,000
3,306,800
Offen ive hand grenades ( l\Tark 111 ) 173,000
Def en i,·e hanc\ gr nade (~Iark 11). 17,000
8, 128,000
o. t of 75-mi ll imeter hell ......... $ 11.00 each
ost of 155-millimete r shell ...... . .. 30.00 "
Fifty per cent of employees in exp lo i,·e plant were women.
Folio\\ ing tabl how amount of hrapnel, high explo i,·e and
f u ·e load eel in thi country an d ace pted by the Go,·ernment from
,\pril 6, 1917 to No,emb r 30, 1918, al o the quantity shipped
o,·er ea :
Loaded 011d
Ki11rl
nf
.,-Jcceptcd
.rlJ1,1111111it1011
~ hrapncl
2.95-in . mountain gun ................ .
91. 20
75-millimeter ....................... . 7,865.3
75-millimeter anti-aircraft ............ . 507.643
40.000
3-in. gun ........................... .
30,164
3-in. anti-aircraft .................... .
.3-in. field gun .......... . .. . .......... . 2,048.697
11 ,757
3. -in. howitzer ...................... .
60.7 7
4.7-in. llll\\ itzt'r ............ . ......... .
4.7-in. gun ......................... . 257Y6
155-millimcter gun and howitzer ....... . 159.193
3, .26
6-in. howitzer . . . ..................... .
11 ,076.60 1
Tota l ....... .
5
Shipped
Oi•erseas
5,308.000
0,000
High E.rpiosi1•t' Shell
37-millimeter L. E .. ... ... . ........ .
75-mil!imeter .... . ... .. . .... ........ .
-inch fie ld gun .................... . .
3-inch 15-poundcr ................... .
3.8-inch howitzer .... ................ .
4.7-inch gun .................... ... .
4.7-inch howitzer ................... .
5-inch seacoast g un .................. .
15--millimeter howitzer .............. .
155-millimeter o-un ....... ... .. . ..... .
6-inch gun ... .. ..................... .
6-inch howitzer .. . .... . ........ .
8-inch howitzer .................... . .
8-inch gun ...... . ......... ........ . . .
9.2-inch howitzer .................... .
10-inch eacoa t gun .................. .
Load,·d a}/(I
. terr pt rd
4, 60.41 l
6.556,49 1
l .070.902
879
11.750
124.653
39,198
14.124
1. IOl.611
47 ,927
61.869
107,327
193,200
137,6-5
170,608
74,537
. hipped
01 1crsras
1,686.0 0
2,866.000
72,000
7.000
23 1,000
11 ,800
1-1-,000
Total... ... ... . . .................. 13,773, 112
ORD IA ICE 1 TOR PROI
TI 1'
TRACTORS
Si:;e
Ouo11tity
Quantity
Orderrd
~.½-ton . .................. 5,586
-ton .................. ' ' . 11,1 50
10-ton .................... 6,623
1"-ton . ..................
267
20-ton ................... 1.1 65
Omrntit.,1 Flootrd to
Nor•. II,
.1e(1•ptrd
Aarpled
J\'o~• 11, '!$ /au .1 I '19
!QI
6
1,543
1.421
267
126
25
3,--!80
2.0 14
154
558
675
232
81
150
235
101
260
104
543
5(>2
472
3, --l
126
15
12
5.361
7, 137
18,2 12
9,6 1.'i
1.605
10.6 1,
12,884
21,709
110n
1,332
1,83
TRAILERS
11/,-ton anti-aircraft machine
gun .... .. ..... . ...... . 2.289
3-in. field gun .. . ......... .
830
4-ton hop bodie ........ ..
576
4-ton hop cha i ......... .
576
10-ton ................... .
540
3-in. anti-aircraft. ......... .
612
21/,-ton ammunition ....... .
2-ton 11-in. trench mortar .. .
4.7-in. anti-ai rcraft ... . ... .
s:s
24S
6 11
TRUCKS
F. \\'. D. Chas i ......... .
Nash chas is ............. .
Ammunition bodie. . ...... .
Amm unition mountings ... .
Artillery repair .......... .
Artillery supply .......... .
13,907
16, 165
24,729
24.729
1,332
5,474
813
3,561
5,859
6,9,,
350
444
TR UCKS-Co nti nued
Quantity
Ordered
Li gh t r pai r ... . ....... .. .
J?odge chas is ......... . ...
om merce cha;~ is .. .. .....
i\ lachine gun bodies, mounted
11
ommerce or White
1-ton chass i. .... .. ......
1-ton LIP! ly ........ . .. .. ..
Wh ite cha is ..... .... ' ...
R conna i . ance ..... . .... . .
Staff ob ervation ... . ......
Equipment repai r .... . .....
H.M.R . trucks .........
Qua nt ity
AcuJ,tcd
Nov. 11, '18
Juantity
cceptcd
la~,. Jl. '19
Floaicd to
Nov. 11,
1918
1,012
1,012
1,500
1,012
1,0 12
1,500
1,012
1,012
1,500
362
436
24
1,500
60
2,695
1,081
1,175
310
624
486
60
1,929
712
1,164
310
287
1,306
60
2,695
1,003
1,175
310
416
241
55
575
320
189
121
12
n utl ay of about $175,000,000 was contemplated in the tank
program .
ver 23,000 had been o rdered; work had been started
and some deliveries made.
•
M CH I E GUN
n 1o\ ember 11 , 1918, we had orders for 288,174 Brownings
and more were to be placed.
4 ,082 Browning rifles were ent overseas.
30,582 heavy Brownings we re shipped to the A. E. F . and we
had placed order for 110,000.
Total Production, Machine Gun and Rifle ,
from .\p ri l 6, 1917 to Iovember 11 , 1918
nited · tate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181 ,662
France .............................. 229,238
England ............................ 181 ,404
~l onthly .\ verao-e Production, July, .-\ug. and
l:nited tate .. . ......................
France ...............................
England . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
ept. , 19 18
27 .270
12,126
10,947
Following- table how the kind · of machine g un ordered during the war, th date of the orde r~. quantity ordered, and number
completed up to the io-ning f the armi tice :
Datt- of Ord,·r
BrO\\ ning machine gun ( hea \·y). July
Sept.
l\Iar.
F b.
l\[ar.
Sept.
16, 19 17
24, 19 17
19 1
27. 19 1
2, 19 1
23. 19 1
Q11a11t1t),•
OrdMcd
10.000
l0.000
10.000
50.000
10.000
592
10,000
1.548
29,664
_Q,000
110,000
7
Quantity
Dcliv,:red
ND'•. 11. 'I
41 ,804
i\L\ lllN E G
Brownino· tank gun·. . . . . . . . . . cpl. 23, 1918
Bro\\'nino- a ircraf t machine un • .Dec. 1 , 1917
cpl. 26, 1917
i\lay 16, 1918
July 26, 1 1
t. 5, 1918
-10,000
l ,
5,
15,000
10,000
15,000
55,000
5 -I
.. .. ... ... ' pt. 25,
Feb. 21,
17
I
-3,000
15,000
38,000
23,000
15,000
3 ,000
(field ) ... .K'ov. 19,
D c. 16,
ept .
•
Dec. 12,
1915
1916
1917
1917
125
4,000
3,000
5,000
12,125
125
4,0
:.larlin ai rcraft g un
\ "icker machine
0-11 11
\' icker· ai rcraft machine gun
and 11 -millimeter ( caliber
.30) ................. . .....June 13, 191
·ept.
191
\ ·icker machine guns (Rus1an type) . . ............ . _;\la, 2-1, 1918
. \p;.il -1 , 1918
i\lay
191
Lewi aircraft machine gun, .... Dec
June
July
•cpt.
;
1
01
Browning automatic rifle ...... Jan .
Jul)
Oct
Jl!ar.
Jun·
lune
Jul~
Oct
Oct
~<'pl
1
12,
26,
25,
1",
1916
1917
1917
1917
1918
15.
16,
8,
11.
26.
27,
1,
9,
2-1,
191
1917
1917
1918
1918
191 8
1918
I 18
1918
19 18
6,000
7.500
13,500
33
3,
5,000
12,125
2
2
1
82<
I
9
9
958
,'39
,00
4.40
12.000
22,
-15,000
84,200
20.000
12,000
25,0
20,00
10,000
36,17-1
l ".00
75,
50,000
25,000
00
4.-1
12.0
15,031
9-1
288, 174
8
5 1
32,231
2.36-1
8,74<
25,000
l ",6 5
5 I ,7 8
1a hin gu ns on hand in the
the war:
nited States at th e beginning of
flcncl- 1 rcit· . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Maxim, model of 1904.......... . ..... . ..................
It . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lew is, caliber .303. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
670
282
148
353
RIFLE RECORD
Ten month after we declared war we were producing in a
week four times a many rifle as Great Britain had turned out in
a imilar period after 10 month
f war.
ur production was then
twic as larg in volum a Great Britain had attained up to that time.
ovember 9, 1918
Rifle Production to
Months
Before
Aug. 1917
Win,..
Eddystone chester
Ilion
ug. 1 to
Dec. 3 1, ' 17 . 174,160 102,363
1918
39,200
January . . . 1,846
February .. 9 ,345
32,660
42,200
larch .... 6 .404
pril ... . . 7,508
43,600
lay . .. ... 84,929
41 ,628
34,249
June . . . ... 104,110
35,700
July ... . . . 135,0 0
20,030
. ugu t ... . 10 ,595
31,550
September . 110,05
33 ,700
0 tober . .. 100,214
\". 1-9
9,100
30. 59
- --
T ta!,
1, 1 1,90
T otal
14,986
1,680
16,666
26,364
89,479
22,330
414,696
32,453
39,852
49,538
36,377
54.477
52,995
60,413
65, 144
58,027
53,563
16,338
23,890
6,910
120
2,631
3,420
6, 140
14,84 1
27,020
29,770
35,920
10,500
7,680
2,460
420
185,0CY
180,227
160,682
170,116
185,004
198, 113
248,072
220,386
233,218
226,653
67,40 -
550
619
2,038
1.597
3,813
3,256
808
---
465 ,9 0
Pl TOL
Rock
Springfield
Island
Armory Arsenal
:\
-45 ,541 265.627
47.Z-1 2, -06,307
D RE\'OL \ ' ERS
1\t the out et of the 'v\'ar comparatively few enli ted men carried
pi t I , but thi w ap n pr ved to be o efficient that it wa decided
t manu factur it in o-reatly increa ed quantitie . This deci ion was
mac.le in th ummer of 1917. The fo llowing table shows the produ ti n up to the end f th e y ar 1918:
9
P l TC LS
Rr111ingto11
·011
1 17
. \ pril to Dec. 29 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
191
fanuary ........................
Februa;·y ................. . .....
Iarch •.........................
April ..........................
l\Iav ...........................
Jun·e ...........................
ful y . . . .......... .. ........... .
,\ ugu t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
~ eptember ......... . ............
October . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
November ......................
December . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.Af.C.
Total
Pistols
5 .500
58,500
11,000
14,500
21,300
22,400
35,000
37,800
39.800
40.400
32, 100
42,300
45,800
24,600
640
3. I
4,102
4,529
11 ,000
14,500
2 1,300
22,400
35,000
37.800
39,800
40,400
2,740
46,1 1
49,902
29,129
T otal .............. . ........ .425 ,500
13.152
438,652
RE\ 'OLVER
Colt
1917
April 6 to Dec. 29 ...... 20,900
1918
January . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,700
February . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,800
:-Iarch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,800
April ................ 10,400
l\Iay . ............ . ... 11.1 00
June ................. 11 ,100
July ................. 11 ,600
August . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11,300
September . ........... 11 ,100
October . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13,500
November . . . . . . . . . . . . 11 .900
December . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,500
TotaL
........... . . 151 ,700
S;\TALL
Ri\1.
Total
pistols
Smith&
rv esson
T otal re 1;oh•crs
tr rr'l '.
9,513
30.4 13
88,913
7,500
8,550
12,400
10,650
12,150
14,250
11 ,555
13.358
12,650
16,675
12,660
11 ,400
16,200
17,350
24,200
21,050
23,250
25,350
23 ,155
24,65
23,750
30, 17·
24,560
20,9
27,200
31. 50
45,5
43.450
58,250
63,150
62,955
65,05
56,490
76,356
74,462
5 ,029
153,311
305,0 1 I
743,663
.\Ml\! UN ITI
The progre .. in thi Departm nt i indicated by the fact that
our ave rage production for July, Augu t and September, I 18, wa s
277 ,894,000 rounds as again ta monthly ave rage for ;real Britain
of Z-9,769,000 rounds and for France of 139,845,000 round .
10
1
Foll owing tab le shows accep ted quantity of ammun ition for all
smal l arms, from November 30, 1917 to J anuary 31, 1919:
1917
November 30 ... . . ... .................. . ..... .
Dccemh r 31 .......................... .
156,102,792
351,117,928
1918
January 31 ............ . ..................... .
F brua ry 28 ................................. .
ia rch 31 . ............ . ........... . ......... .
April 30 . ................................... .
.\ Ia y 31 ........ . .......... . .. . .............. .
June 30 ........... .. ..... . .................. .
July 31 ........................ . ............ .
Augu t 31 ............... . ..... . ............. .
eptember 30 .................... . . . ......... .
ctobcr 31 ......................... . . .. ...... .
ovember 30 .... . .. ... ...... .. .......... . ... .
Dec mber 31 .............. . ........... . ...... .
573,981,712
760,485,688
1,021,610,956
1,3 18,298,492
1,616, 142,052
1,958,686,784
2,306,999,284
2,623,847,546
2,942,875,786
3,236,396,100
3,507,023,300
3,741,652,200
1919
January 31 . .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. .. .. .. . .. .. .. .. ..
3,940,682,744
HAND GRENADES
An incident which i11u trates one of the reasons fo r was te and
delay, occurred in the manufacture of hand grenades. A grenade
had been de igned after the general model of those in use at the
front, with certain improvements to make it afer in the hands of
the oldier. After the hipment of considerable amount of these
grenade to the front, a cablegram wa received to the effect that
the afety device de igned to protect the merican soldiers had
re ulted in a grenade that was too safe. The mechani m was too
complicated, and the 1\merican oldier in the excitement of action
would not, in many ca e , go through the operations required to
ti re the fu e. ,\ a re ult of this information, ail production was
topped with the re ult that ome 15,000,000 rough ca tings of
grenade bod1e , 3,500,000 a embled but empty grenades and 1,000,000 load d grenade were made unavailable for use. Even some of
the machinery u ed in the production had to be remodeled. But
in a few months' time manufacture of the new design was again
under way. Total orders for the new de ign of grenades called for
delivery of 44,000,000, and when the a rmistice was io-ned the daily
rate o[ production wa between 250,000 and 300,000.
The orders ancl production of gr nade is hown in the following table:
11
Co,h/11,·tNI lei
h·b. I, 1919
Cou1pfrt1•d to
.-ht,dt·
(),.rfi•,·l'd
-H S. 70
Dun1111y hand grenades
Practice hand grenades 2,.280,000
lkfensi,c hand 0J'('nadc, ...... .. "'.. . .. 58.000.000
Offensi, • hand grenades .......... . ... 7.000,000
(;as hand grenade: .... 2,-l-00.000
Phosphoru ..
ha 11 cl
grenades ....... . . 2,000.000
Thermit hand grenades
655 ,450
8. IQ!$
,Ve, ;
-l-15.87O
3.WS.86-l17.-l-77.2-l-5
.\,•111
01•1l'fl'tlf
415, 70
3,605.864
25,3 12,7
516,533
..j.
5.359.32 1
635,55 1
7,000.000 173, 13
1,501,176 _..J.9,239
505, 1 2
52 1,94,,q 150, 00
(Xorn) In abo\'c figure all grenade · arc unloaclcd with th ' ex ception of thos ~ent over eas, "hich were loaded.
The following table shows the production of rifle grenades during
the \\ ar:
..,,,
Comf,ll'trd to
C ompfrtrd to
Artit'k
Ord1.·rrd
No t•.
, 1918
F,•b . 1, 1919
Rifle grenade .. 33,615.-l-O9 a- I ,098,930 a-25,
Toxic C7a - sets ..
50,000 c2-l-.6
clLiYens projector
barrel
62.912
63 .051
3 16, "98 d73,723 dGa shell
a-1\" ot loaded.
b-Loaded.
c-\ \ 'ithout firinCY mechani · m.
d-Xot tilled.
12
,60,686
39,989
63, 151
73,723
OverJt'a..s
b-
5,200
8,9 6
7.-l-00
IJI V I S I O 'S JN ·111 I~.\. I·.. F. E.\ "JI :\IONTTJ
8
34
86
84
87
32
41 -11 41
-12 42 ➔- ➔26 26 26 26 _6 26
2
2 2
2 2
1
-
1
-
June" Jul)" ,\u i.: SqH O~t ~n,· D t·C'
1917
I
3
5
32
-1 1
-12
26
2
I
77
3
5
'?
->-
-11
-12
26
80
30
33
6
27
4
28
35
82
77
3
5
32
-11
-12
26
2
I
29
37
90
92
89
83
78
80
30
33
6
27
4
28
35
82
77
3
5
'?
->-
-1 1
-12
26
2
l
36
91
79
76
29
37
90
92
89
83
40
39
88
81
7
85
36
91
79
76
29
37
90
92
89
83
7 7
80 80
30
33
6
27
4
2
35
82
77
3
5
32
-1 1
-12
26
2
30
33
6
27
40
39
88
81
7
85
36
91
79
76
29
37
90
92
89
83
78
80
30
33
6
27
4
4
28
35
82
77
3
5
28
35
82
77
-6
2
3
5
32
-11
42
26
2
I
l
32
-11
·L
38
31
3-1
86
84
87
40
39
88
81
7
85
36
91
79
76
29
37
90
92
89
83
78
80
30
33
6
27
4
28
35
82
77
3
32
-1 1
42
26
2
Jan F t'.'b. 1lar .\ pr 1[ay Jun e Julr .\ug "ept. Oct.
191
13
.T:\L\T \In <lF \LI. 1-'() R E~ I N TI ii • \Ri\lY .\ 1· Tri\ TI •: OF
l r~ l,RF \I F~['~ rRFN<; I'] I
II. 1918
~O\l'lllbl'I"
. \rm) pcr ·o1111d m Furnpc .... .
.\ t 'ea . en route to Europe .... .
Total . . . .. . .. ... ........... . .
i\Ia1·i11es (on duty \\ ith \nn) in
Europe) . . .......... ...... .
Total includmg- marine, ....... .
~ iberian expedition .......... .
Total . \ . E. F. 111 Europe and
. iberia ........... . ........ .
In l."nited ~tates .......... ... .
In in. ul ar po e -ions,. \la ,ka . etc.
Grand to tal m _\rmy excltu.lingmarine. . ........... .. .. ... .
Grand tota l in . \rmy includin (7
marines
J'ulal
1lfr11
0 fficcrs
I ,8C18,474
80. '-k2
21,072
1.162
1.889,546
82,004
1,949,3 16
22,234
l ,97 1,5 50
1,002
83.006
29c
31.383
J.Q20,929
8,806
32,385
2,003,935
9, 104
3,304
10-1-,155
1,977
1,929,735
1.530,.344
53,758
2,013.039
l ,634.499
55,735
3,670, , c
I 9,436
3.5 13,, 37
3,703.273
CLOTIIIl\" (; . \:\'D E<.JCII' \ GI' . TO 1,:
No\'ember I, 1918
a nd days' supply ba . cd on (,encral
France,
in
hand
tock on
Per bing's ne\\' automatic allo\\'a11ce. elfrctin• Non•mllC'r I, 191 :
.\ ' umbt'r
of dav.,
2,000.000
Oll'JI
<cml.lbt'
JUf'f'lfrd
,ti
Ste ·'r
Cs
,,
UI
Blankets . . . . . . . . . . ..... .
Drawer -. winter .......... .
Jerkins ........ .... . .. . .. .
Coat , denim .......... .. .
Puttee , wool ....... ..... .
Trou er , denim .......... .
Boot , rubber, hip ........ .
h1rt., flannel ...... ...... .
tocking , \\'Ool, hca\·y .... .
Coat , wool .......... ... .
. hoe , field .......... .... .
Gloves, wool .. . .......... .
Paulin ..... . ..... ..... . .
Breeches and trou:cr , wool.
Overcoat .......... ..... .
Raincoat .......... ..... .
'Cnder hirt , winter . . . . . .
:\litten , leather .......... .
Caps, ove r eas ........... .
4,294,000
I 5.746.000
1,405.000
3,991.000
",23 1,000
3.374.000
1.199,000
6.7 10.000
16,290,000
4.142,000
,850,000
3,734,000
38,000
6.791,000
3.691.000
1.620.000
13,806.000
3,070,000
2,9.31,000
14
1.11 9,000
5.304.000
1,044.000
1,419,000
3,356,000
1.842.000
551.000
3.033.000
8,753,000
2,141,000
2,033.000
2,682,000
21.000
1,7 9,000
477.000
550,000
1,23 1.000
(>64,000
189,000
425
202
159
154
149
140
140
1.l6
IJ4
126
103
82
80
75
73
59
55
51
14
:.- urr11 1NG AND tQUIPAGE PI
T
DUCl ~l) AND SHIPPED
TIIE i\. E. F.
April 6, 19 17 to November 11 , 1918
Blankets . .. ................ .........
Coats, denim . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coats, woo l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
J rawer , ummer ................ ...
Drawe rs, winter ...... . .............
v rcoals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Shirts, fl ann el ........... .... . . ... . .
Shoe , marching and fi eld .. .. .... .....
Stock ings, wool, light an d heavy ......
Trom,crs and breeches, wool. . . . . . . . . .
nder hirt , summer ...... . ........ .
ndcrshirts, winte r .................
Prodtt,ced
19,419,000
10,238,000
12,365,000
38,118,000
33,766,000
7,748,000
22,198,000
26,423,000
89,871 ,000
17,342,000
40,895,000
28,869,000
Shipped
Overseas
3, 127,000
3,423,000
3,871 ,000
3,889,000
10,812,000
1,780,000
6,401,000
9, 136,000
29,733,000
6, 191,000
4,567,000
11 ,126,000
S B I TENCE SHIPPED TO A. E. F.
1\pril 1, 19 17 to December L 19 18
Not Including Y. l\I. C. A. and Civilian Relief Supplies
Bacon ... . .. . ......... .
Beef, frozen ........... .
Beef, tinned ........... .
Flour ................. .
Tobacco ........ . ..... .
' io-a rette . each ........ .
Re erve ration. . each ... .
Suga r .. .. ............ .
igar , each ........... .
Butter and . uh. ti lutes ... .
Tomatoc ............. .
Bean , baked ......... .
Jam .................. .
off C .........•.......
Jil k, evaporated ....... .
Fi h, almon .......... .
Bean , dry ............ .
\ 'egelal le. , dehydr ..... .
L ard and ub titute ..... .
. yrup, aa l ............ .
Hard bread ........... .
andy ................ .
Ri ce .................. .
P run e· ............... .
Fruit. evaporated ...... .
Quantity lbs.
except as 110/ed
147,956,223
250,584,692
140,843,476
542,874,797
27,449,645
2,439,260,097
15,623, 150
106,169,345
160,180,225
16,200,799
100,081,789
54.73 1.786
26,029,028
39, 185,167
42,922,743
30,961,801
39,646,677
12,971,935
1 ,781,228
6,171,808
27,978. 30
7,895.053
25,466.547
15.748.93 1
C ,976.848
15
Unit price
.44
. 23
.32
.05
.67
.006
. 76
.07
.OS
.40
.06
.10
. 19
. 12
. 11
. 14
. 11
.30
.25
.59
. 13
.2
.08
.10
. 13
Total cost
$65,722,154
58,536,584
45,7f7,792
28,500,927
18,407,732
15, 123,412
11 ,873,594
7,888,382
7,768.74 1
6,433,337
6,024,92-t
5.226.886
4.877,840
4,729,650
4.498.303
4,408,960
4,297,700
3,924,010
3.861,666
3,6 -4,945
3.614,865
2.19 1,667
2.029.6 4
1.630.014
1.1 9 1,228
Cornmeal ........... .. .
Pickks, gals .......... . .
Ham .......... ....... .
orn. s,vcet ........... .
Emergency ration . e, d1.
\ ·ineaar. gaL .......... .
atmeal ........... ... .
Peas, green .......... . .
Peache . canned ....... .
Hominv ....... .. ... .. .
Bean . • tringle. s ....... .
alt .......... ........ .
Pear., canned ......... .
pple , canned ........ .
Cheese ........... ..... .
Pineapples, canned ..... .
Apricot . canned .. ..... .
Cherrie ' , canned ...... .
Quantity lbs.
,•.rr.-f'I as noted
1 ),07-+.687
1.333,210
1,772, 17
7,63 .7 6
7 5.-+0
1.3 1 , 77
-+,66 1,732
-+,68 ,425
2.415, 1 2
1,826,269
2. l -+8,759
13,707,276
1.1 50. 120
l , 31,09
314.203
899,2 63,415
423,-+-+-+
[/ 11it f'rirr
f"ol o/
.OS
.-+i
. '-+
.SJ
.2
.06
.06
. 11
.0
.28
.09
.09
. 12
Total ........... .. .
C.-\RGO TRAJ\'SPO RTED TO TlI, A. E. F.
April, 1917, to Kovemb r I. 19 18
' hort Ton by . upply . ervice
Total
1917
June . ........... . . ........ . 15,800
11.
July . .. . .......... ........ .
ugu t .. .... . ........ .. .. . 19,400
eptember ........... ...... . 53,000
October . .... .......... ... . . 114,900
::,Joyember ........... ...... . 77,900
December .......... ....... . 179,500
1918
January ....... ...... ...... .
February .......... ........ .
:\Iarch .......... .......... .
.\pril .. .. . .......... ...... .
:\fay ........ ' .......... .. . .
June .......... .. .......... .
Jul) ......... ......... . .
Augu t ... .......... .. .... .
• eptember . . . . . . . . . . . . .. .
October .......... ......... .
122,000
227,S
2 9,200
373,2
450,
42 .2
·35 _700
571,700
1,300
749,500
Total. .......... ......... .4,897,
16
((IS /
736,22 1
625 ,809
1 ,238
43 1. 48
401. 35
3 7.586
296.020
262,608
255,043
155, 63
127,207
120. 2-+
11 7.542
11 7,007
87, l 91
2.012
78,74
51,703
. S.
QU ,\lJlW : .\T TllE FR
NT
-
.\ quadro11 i • equipped with from 15 to 25 plane
30, 19 18,
31, "
30, "
31, "
Aug. 31, "
S pt. 30, "
Apr.
l\ lay
Ju ne
July
Oct. 31,
No\' . 11 ,
.,
"
3
12
13
14
26
32
43
45
~IP.\RI . :--; E E:\lY PLANES BR CGHT DO\\';'\ l3Y
. S. FOR E •. \ND U. . PLANE BROUGHT DO\\'.N
BY THE E 1E l\I Y
491
27 1
•. S Planes
Lo~t to l~ncrny
Enemy Plane
Lo~! to U. , . Forces*
* ·onfirmcd los c : in addi tion there a;c JS-+ unconfirmed .
17
I
BRITIS l I
Troops
2,500,000
\l\'I) \:'Ill · RI • \N 1.- :,;:pi,-l)[ J"J():--J \ l{l
0:--! \\ 'FS r1 : R, FRO T
~ - - ~ - - - - - - - ~ - - - --
FO IH.·1;:s
-r-- - - - - - 1 ,
u:
w
<f
-
t--- _
+-
0
1915
1917
1916
18
1918
_,_____.
l
.\ l•: IU,\ L 1' 11 0'1UC:R.\l'lIY
The adva11ce in ,\ viation called for an advance in Photography.
\ Vhe11 the \ Var ended, cameras were in common use taking photographs at an altituclc of t o miles with uch microscopic fidelity
as to how <·ven II he re a sing! • soldier had recently wa lked aero s a
field.
The Signa l ·orp made 100,000 picture . of battle lines in four
days of the fina l drive of the Yanks in ,\rgonne .
.\mcriran manufacturer . produced an aerial film camera weighing on ly 35 pounds.
In O ·tober, 19 18. we ~hipped over a. 1,500,000 sheets of photographic print paper, 300,00 dry plate , 20,000 roll of films, 20 tons
of photographic chemical., and 75 motorized, mobile, photographic
lahoratorie .
.\ \'!.\TORS' CLOTHIN',
To equip aviators with proper clothing, uch as weaters, lea the r
coats, fur lined coat , helmet , there was provided or in the cour e of
manufacture on rovember 11 , 191 . in exce of $5,000,000 worth of
m;itcrial, c nsisting of 50,000 fur-lined flying suits, 100,000 leather
helmets, 100,000 leather coat. and over 80,000 goggle .
R \DIO TELEPIION 'E
There wen· prcn ,cled about 5,000 et of radio or wirele telephone reccin:rs a11cl tran,mittcr for , \rmy use alone. The Tavy
aclopt cl moclifiecl form for use on 110-ft ubmarine cha er , enabling
boats to he 111 constant touch with each other.
B\LLOON:
The balloon program railed for thou ands of new loom to turn
nut millions of ya rel of cloth needed for builclino- balloon . In .\pril,
1917, the production of all cotton mills together was sufficient to
build t11·0 balloons a 11eek. In Xovemher, 191 , it had increa. ed to
JO balloon.- a clay, an expan,ion of o,·er 3,000 per cent in 19 months
I lad the \\ar continued ano ther year ,,·e would have been able to
produce I 5 rompll'le kite balloons a clay
Ra.lloon cable consists of 114 separate pccial tee! wire - beside
tlw telephone ,enter of three copper wire, properly insulated and
armored. l'rodu ·tion reached 50,000 feet per week ovember 11,
1918
J Iydrng-l'n g-a,. lightest ,llHI cheapest nf g-a,es, is universally
u,l'd 111 balloon,. \\ hen mixed ,, ith air it is high!\' inflammable ancl
,an be tntKht·d off h) a ,park of lire or electricity_\11 ohsL'nTrs 1ts1ng- balloons filled \\ ith h) droo-en equipped ,,ith
romplete parachute apparatus.
19
On the day the .\nni ·ticc was ,igned, the nited S ta tL·,, with
co111b1 11ed efforts of ..::i<rnal ·orp ·, 'a l')', and Bureau of .l\l111e,, \\as
enabkd to del'elop in a commercial way helium ga , having all the·
p to two yea rs ago the
assets of hydrogen less inflammabilit).
total world production of helium gas s111ce its di scove ry had not heen
more than JOO cubic feet. This ga. was \·a luccl a t about 1,700 pt·r
cubic foot. .\ toni hinu ucce·s in producing hel iu m gas re,ulted 111
our havin<r 147,000 cubic feet of helium gas ready for loadin g on
board ship the clay , \rmi. tice was signed . , \tits pre-war val ue th1 ,
would have been worth 250,000,000.
-ommercial production of helium gas \\as undouhtecll) the
greatest .tep ever ta ken in development of halloonino- acc.:omplisht·d
by th e United !ates.
,erman Genera l Staff so strongly appreciated work in this linl'
that in ratin" al'iator they ranked a balloon brought clown a, equal
to 1 1 , airplanes.
CPPLIES FOH. TIIE . \IDIY
XoYember II, 191 , Dil'ision of :\lilitary Engineering and
Enaineering -upplie · alone had receiYed during 19 months of warfare 1.500.000 ton of upplies, valued at approximately '200,000,000; 75,000 ton shipped from United State ; 750,000 ton, still in
stock at great storaue depots COl'ering 20 acres of covered storagl'
and 400 acres o f uncovered storage. Engineers built to December I,
191 . 1 new hip and lighter berths. 225 miles of standard barrack,
fo r living qua rters, 127 miles of hospital wards. 0 miles of ,tandanl
warehou. e , 937 miles of tandard-gauge raih,ay, and equipment to
rI11 concare for 26.000 animals, including- \'Ctcrinary hospitals
struction called for the u e of 1 9.000.000 board feet of lumlwr.
3,623,000 tie , 3 ,000 piles
\\'hen the :-\rmi tice was ,ignccl, cm1,truction project-; in France
of cour e were ,topped. hut there hacl up to that time been rompleted •
old storage plant. capable of taking c1n· of • 13.000 ton, of
meat and other foodstuff..
Oil torage for 21-,000 barrel,.
Base hospital with a bed capacit) of 182,196 pat1enh
·amp ho. pita ls with best capacity for 26.254 patienh.
80 ship berth. as part of port terminal cl ·k\·opment
13,256,351 square feet of covered ,torage pace at \anou,
depot..
4. 01.686 square feet of coYcrecl ,torage space for the .\ir
Service.
3.107,086 . quarc feet of c<J\Crt·d ,toragc pan· at \·arimi-, dock,
3.639,497 square feet of mi,cellanl'ou, c·on•n·cl -,toragc pan·.
1,692,108 .quare feet of . pat·e at remount <lqioh
1,06 1,932 quare feet of space at vl'lc·rinary hospitals.
936 miles of tandard-gauge railway rnn,truction.
20
MAPS
J, ren h map produ ing plant unable to take care of our needs.
Five larg rotary lithographic pres cs and a number of linotype machine and other printing equipment shipped.
During heavy fighting in July and Augu t, 1918, our printing
plant supplied Sev nth and Eighth French Armie the ba e maps
of th ir front. From July 25, until September 15, 1918, plant
w rk cd 24 hour a day.
Invention of thrc -lens camera enabled photographing a strip
f tcrrit ry 3 ¼ mile wide at 4,000 feet elevation.
MILITARY BRIDGES
Po. ls and pole cut into 6-foot lengths, can support wire fence,
with po t one rod apart, one-third of the distance around the earth.
Piling, if stood end to nd, would make a flagpole 435 miles high.
rodu ced monthly 50,000 barrels of cement from five cement
mill lea cl f ram the French ,overnment.
For ign purcha es made by Purcha ing Board, headquarters
Pari , aved fully 140 complete shiploads at a time when every available ton of hipping wa greatly needed for the transportation of
troop and . uch material a cou ld only be procured in United States.
This Board bought in exce of 2,500,000 ton of material and supplie valued at 371,573,543.
AM UFLAGE
·amouflage requirement called for 3,000,000 square yards of
burlap per month. At clo e of war we were u ing $1,500,000
worth of camouflage material monthly.
O~IOTI E
L
July 10, 1917, Per bing cabled the French Government asking
for 300 locomotive and 2,000 kilometers of track, including accesrie that go \ ith an order of this ize.
Locomotive price reduced from $+6,000 apiece to $37,000 apiece,
aving on total order for 3,3-t0 locomotives approximately $22,989,
.
J\ctual hipment to A. E. F. of 1,303 locomotives, which played
big part in ultimate victory.
In ugu t, 1918, call came for lo omotives at rate of 300 a
month and 8,200 freight car monthly.
Locomoti es hipped completely et up, packed in hay. Fir t
hipm nl made in thi manner enabled aving of 15 days in ~nloa?ing, and an additional 1-t day . aving for a sembly on arnval m
Fran
ven hundred crane , mo tly locomotive type, and 886 hoisting
crane , engines alone . tin 4,9 6,000. Two-thirds of this shipped
and in tailed in France.
21
Part of R,·quirc111c11/s Xcrd,·d by !I11gi11crrs f or Their ll 'orlt .
111c11/ To ols 011d Co 11str 11 ctio11 Jllolcriol .
..:crew posts. I -inch . ............ . ... number. . ......
·crew post., 4 feet 6 inche~....... . ... do
nglc po ·t . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do
Kails, roofino-, fini hino-, pike-, etc. . . . . ton, ...........
Galvanized and painted tee! . heel . . . . do . . . . . . . . . .
Roofing paper ... . . . ... . . . ... .... . .. roll ·. . . . . . . . . .
oncrete mixer ...... .... .. .. .. .... number.. . . . . . .
hovel , variou kind . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do
Pick , mattocks, and pick-mattock . . . . . clo
Hatchet . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do
Hammer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . clo
Dog, iron, pinchino- and logging . . .....
do
\\'all board . . .. ... ...... ....... . .... qua re feel . .. .
I beams . . . .. . ....... . ............. ton. . . . . . . . . . . .
and bag ... ...... . .... . .. . . . ..... number . . . . . .
tee! helter . large and small......... . do
Barbed wire .... . ... .. . . .. .......... ton .. . . . . . . . . .
Plain wire ..... .. . .. . .. . ....... . ... do . . . . . . . . . . .
mile... . .......
Plain wire, ignal Corp ......... . ... . do . . . . . . . . . .
Copper wire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do . . . . . . . . . .
tons..........
\Vire, weaving ( ! -0-ft. roll ) . . ....... . roll . . . . . . . . . .
Burlap .......... . .... .... . .. . . . . . .. ya rd . . . . . . . .
Paint .. ..... .. .. . . .... .. ..... . ..... pound . . . . . . . .
gallon . . . . . . . .
taple ... . . .... ... . .. ........... .. ton . . . . . . . . . . .
hop , portable, sa wmill .. .. . ........ . nu mb r.. . . . . .
Portable building . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do
Portable pile driver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do
Sawmill equipment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do
pades . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do
aws, all kinds, cros -cut, circular, etc. . do
Vl'agons, va rious . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . do
beets, tee!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ............ .
Wagons ................. . .................... .
Power pump ................................. .
Road roller .................. . . . .. . .. . ..... .. . .
Crane
22
866, 10
1,172, ll
2,577, 126
10, 12
68, 23
7 1,504
2 17
3,
I.
I
2 ),51 1
191,845
17,3 0,752
70,5
22 ,392, 3
85,120
131,802
1,556
200
631
10,824
145
451,700
380,697
1,921, 2
85 I .637
1,030
35
2, 2
51
20
4,137
399, 77
J ,3 2
179,333.03
2"9,546.25
2-1,8,000.
583,91 .72
1,600,000.00
Sh 'et , tce l .... . ... . .......................... . 1,0 15,2 18.75
Barbed wir ................................... . 2,040,000.00
Nai ls ............... .. .. ...................... .
238,889.00
Meta ll ic part · ........ ..... ... ..... ..... ....... . 10,704,450.00
rane ..... ... ...... ........ . . .... .......... .. .
345,100.00
Sheet , steel ..... . ......................... ... .
706,652.83
Turn uls .. .......... . ......................... .
208,900.00
beet , steel ......................... .. . ... .... .
255,000.00
Wi re, weaving ...... . .. ........................ .
368,640.00
194,458.56
St cl br idg s . ................................. .
]VIa rching compa e ....................... ..... . 2,450,500.00
Cha sis ... .. .. ...... ............ . ............ . . 12,120,000.00
TRY
BENEFIT
F WAR I D
Betler under ta nding of A rmy requirement for paints and
varni ·he redu ced the nu mber of hades from 29 to 16 and brought
the total number of com modi tie down from 315 t'o 99. Thi will be
of great u. e to paint and varnish manufacturers in the future.
i\Iechanical rubber indu try ha standa rdi zed production as
r suit of Army' need .. More good accomplished in short time
than trade wa able to accomplish for it elf in previous three or
f ur yea r of effo rt.
tan da rd le t for enamel wa , unknown prior to 'vVar, result
of Engine rs' work.
Bureau of fin e , in co-ope ra ti on with Engineering D epa rtmen t , <level ped an explosive which i cheaper than T. N. T., and
pr mi e to replace it for enginee ring operation .
PURCH. \ E_
. omc of the larger item purcha ed through the Gene ral Engine ring Depot at \\'a hin <Yto n were a foll ow :
nera l ma hinery ............................. $ +7.663,719.7
Iron and tee! product . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . +9,1-13,-165.50
ITardwarc and hand tool . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1+,406,-128.79
Track material and fa tening . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90,880,096.20
ut omotil'e tra n portati on . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26,590,091.50
9,016,201.16
lJorse-dra11 n tran ·portation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
llui lding material a nd suppli es.................... 11.347,176.55
2,548,028.79
Liquid, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Engineer supplie . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ... . . . . . . . . . . . . 43 ,238. 152.6
+.6+0,020.97
~l1sCl' ll anco us . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rai h1 a1 rollin~ ~tock ............................ l+0.37+,3+9.7+
15+,50 ,913 .59
Hail11 a; 111oti1c J>OII r .................... '.
1.667,+ ' . 7
I.umber . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
757,620.+6
Explo ivl's ancl acce orie, . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
105.3 6.01
' n lructi n machine ry . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16, 1 - .9-1
l\ lili tary sun cy ancl map,... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
iJ
I erfection of so und -ranging apparaln. known as ge phone,
enabled detection of enemy , ubtcrrancan op 'ra(i ns, locati n of
batteries, and det ction of ni g ht -raiding airplant. and z ppelin .
The mo t important wa the location of th position of ncmy
batteries.
Germaw ne\'cr able to produce ucccssfu lly for them Ives,
and never succeeded in capturing cqupimcnt that had not been . o
mutilated a not .to erve a a mod I for reproduction.
DurinO' the final month. of war more en 111 • guns were I cated
by li · tenino- instrument than by any other mean . . . \111 rican .\rmy
potted 117 German gun position in a inglc day.
t the clo. e of the \\'ar \\'e had in operation n the American
Front 12 complete outfits, sufficient to locate the gun~ of the enemy
on a 60-mile front.
Geophone enables detection of enemy planes at a distance of
one to three mile from instrument. No\·emb r 11 , 191 , machine
perfected, gun fired at 4.1 mile · di~tance, would enable warning to
be gi\'en out 19 seconds before shell arrived, tlrn enabling troop.
to CO\'er in dugouts.
E. \RCHLI GHT '
De\'elopment of metal mirror for use in s1:archlig-ht production
enabled cut of 2 ".J in co t and 45 in time----carrying 95 per cent. of
the reflectivity of gla mirror.
@FedFRASER