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< V v \ if) IO W A STATE TEACHERS SEP 1 L I B iX CO LLEG E 1959 \< ri Y FACTORY WORKERS’ EARNINGS MAY 1958 Distribution of Production Workers in Manufacturing Industries by Straight-time Hourly Earnings Bulletin No. 1252 UNITED STATES DEPARTM EN T OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREA U OF LABOR STATISTICS Ewan Claguo, Commissioner FACTORY WORKERS' EARNINGS MAY 1958 Bulletin No. 1252 June 1959 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR James P. Mitchell, Secretary BUREA U O F LA B O R STA TISTIC S Ew an Clague, Commissioner For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U S. Government Printing Office, Washington 25, D.C. - Price 40 cents Preface The U . S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r ' s B u r e a u of L a b o r S t a t i s t i c s p r o v i d e s in th is r e p o r t the b a s i c r e s u l t s o f a b r o a d s u r v e y o f the s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s ( e x c l u s i v e o f p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and la te s h i f t s ) o f f a c t o r y w o r k e r s in the U nited S t a t e s . The g e n e r a l l e v e l o f w a g e s in m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s is d e t e r m i n e d b y the i n t e r a c t i o n o f a v a r i e t y o f f o r c e s a f f e c t i n g the m a r k e t f o r f a c t o r y l a b o r . W h ile it is u s e f u l f o r s o m e p u r p o s e s to p i c t u r e the Un ited S tates as c o n s t i tuting a s i n g le m a r k e t f o r f a c t o r y l a b o r , and h e n c e to think in t e r m s o f a g e n e r a l m a n u f a c t u r i n g w a g e l e v e l , t h e r e a r e , in f a c t , n u m e r o u s s u b m a r k e t s that c an b e d is t i n g u i s h e d in t e r m s o f g e o g r a p h y , i n d u s t r y , and type o f l a b o r . In the s h o r t run, the f o r c e s a f f e c t i n g w a g e s c o m e l a r g e l y to f o c u s in t h e s e s u b m a r k e t s ; o v e r l o n g e r p e r i o d s , s u c h f a c t o r s as m o b i l i t y (of b o t h l a b o r and c a p i t a l ) tend to b in d the s u b m a r k e t s t o g e t h e r . Th is r e p o r t e x a m i n e s in s o m e d e t a il the m a n u f a c t u r i n g w a g e s t r u c t u r e as o f a s i n g le p oin t o f t i m e — M a y 19 58. L evels and d i s t r i b u t i o n s o f w a g e s a r e s e t f o r t h f o r the U nited States as a w h o l e , f o r m a j o r r e g i o n s , b y b r o a d i n d u s t r y g r o u p s and f o r s o m e i n d u s t r i e s m o r e n a r r o w l y d e f in e d , and b y m e t r o p o li t a n and n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s . The s u r v e y w a s p a r t o f a b r o a d p r o g r a m o f s t u d ie s in itia ted b y the D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r f o r c o n t in u in g a p p r a i s a l of F e d e r a l m in im u m w age leg islation . The W a g e and H ou r and P u b l i c C o n t r a c t s D i v i s i o n s p a r t i c i p a t e d in the p la n n in g of the s u r v e y and p r o v i d e d the n e c e s s a r y fu n d s . T h is r e p o r t w a s p r e p a r e d in the B u r e a u 's D i v i s i o n o f W a g e s and I n d u s t r ia l R e l a t i o n s . T h e s t a t i s t i c a l and s a m p li n g t e c h n iq u e s w e r e d e v e l o p e d b y S a m u e l E . C o h e n and T h e o d o r e G o lo n k a ; the a n a l y t i c a l w o r k w a s u n d e r the d i r e c t i o n o f N o r m a n J. S a m u e l s , a s s i s t e d b y H e r b e r t S c h a f f e r . iii Contents Page 1 1 n cn co m r*- S u m m a r y --------- -~ b ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------A l l m a n u f a c t u r i n g -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------M e t r o p o l i t a n and n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s ---------------------------------------------------------------D u r a b le and n o n d u r a b le g o o d s i n d u s t r i e s -------------------------------------------------------------M a j o r i n d u s t r y g r o u p s ---------------------- ------------------------------------------------------------------------S e l e c t e d i n d u s t r ie s ---------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------N o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s ------------- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------C o m p a r i s o n o f m e a n and m e d i a n a v e r a g e s —--------- -----------------------------------------------W a g e c h a n g e s — A p r i l 1954 to M a y 1958 ------------------------ ---------------------------------------- C harts: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. C u m u la tiv e p e r c e n t a g e d is t r i b u t io n s o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s b y h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , U nited States and South, A p r i l 1954 and M a y 1958 --------------------------C u m u la t iv e p e r c e n t a g e d is t r i b u t io n s o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in m e t r o p o l i t a n and n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s b y h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , M a y 1958 ------------------------------------------------------------- -------------------C u m u la t iv e p e r c e n t a g e d is t r i b u t io n s o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in d u r a b l e g o o d s and n o n d u r a b le g o o d s i n d u s t r i e s b y h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , M a y 1958 --------------------------------------------------------------------P e r c e n t a g e o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in c o m p o n e n t i n d u s t r i e s of s e l e c t e d m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r y g r o u p s e a r n in g l e s s than $ 1 . 2 5 an h o u r , M a y 1958 -----------------------------------------------------------------------E a r n in g s o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , A p r i l 1954 and M a y 1958, m e d i a n h o u r l y e a r n in g s and m i d d l e r a n g e s w ith in w h i c h o n e - h a l f o f the w o r k e r s f e l l ---------------P e r c e n t a g e o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s e a r n in g l e s s than s p e c i f i e d a m ou n ts p e r h o u r , U nited States and r e g i o n s , A p r i l 1954 and M a y 1958 ----------------------P e r c e n t a g e d i s t r i b u t io n o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in 5 m an ufactu rin g indu stry groups b y h o u rly e a rn in g s, U nited States and South, A p r i l 1954, A p r i l 1956, and M a y 1958 ------------------------- ■ ------------------------------------------------------------------T r e n d o f a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s in 7 m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r y g r o u p s , A p r i l 1 9 5 4 - M a y 1958 ---------------------------------------------- - 12 13 13 14 15 16 17 18 T a bles: 1. 2. 3. N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n in g s o f p rod u ction w o r k e r s by selected c h a r a c te r is tic s , U nited States and r e g i o n s -------------------------------- --------------------- ---------------E s t im a t e d d i s t r i b u t i o n o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s b y a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , U nited States and r e g i o n s ------------E s t im a t e d p e r c e n t a g e d is t r i b u t i o n o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s b y a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , U nited States and r e g i o n s ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- v 19 20 21 Contents — Continued P age T a b l e s : — C on tin u ed 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. E s t i m a t e d p e r c e n t a g e d is t r i b u t i o n o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s b y a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n in g s f o r m e t r o p o l i t a n and n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a , United S tates and r e g i o n s -------------------E s t im a t e d d is t r i b u t i o n o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in d u r a b l e and n o n d u r a b le g o o d s b y a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , U nited States and r e g i o n s --------------------------------------------------------------------E s t i m a t e d p e r c e n t a g e d i s t r i b u t io n o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in d u r a b l e and n o n d u r a b le g o o d s b y a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , U nited States and r e g i o n s -------------------------------------E s t im a t e d p e r c e n t a g e d i s t r i b u t io n o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in s e le c te d ind u stry groups b y a v e ra g e s tra ig h t-tim e h ou rly e a r n i n g s , U nited States and r e g i o n s --------------------------------------------------A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n in g s and p e r c e n t a g e s of p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s than s p e c i f i e d a m o u n t s , s e l e c t e d i n d u s t r i e s , U nited States -----------------------------------------------------A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n in g s and p e r c e n t a g e s o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s than s p e c i f i e d a m o u n t s , s e l e c t e d i n d u s t r i e s , S o u t h --------------------------------------------------- ---------- -----N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n in g s o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in m e t r o p o l i t a n and n o n m etrop olita n a r e a s , s e le c te d in d u strie s, N u m b e r and a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n in g s o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in m e t r o p o l i t a n and n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s , s e l e c t e d i n d u s t r i e s , South -----------------------E s t im a t e d p e r c e n t a g e d is t r i b u t io n o f n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d i n d u s t r y g r o u p s b y a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , U nited States and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------E s t im a t e d p e r c e n t a g e d is t r i b u t io n o f n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s in s e l e c t e d i n d u s t r y g r o u p s b y a v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s , f o r m e t r o p o l i t a n and n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s , U nited States and s e l e c t e d r e g i o n s ------------- --------------------------------------C o m p a r i s o n o f a r i t h m e t i c m e a n w ith m e d i a n h o u r l y e a r n in g s o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s , U nited States and r e g i o n s ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22 23 24 25 33 35 38 39 45 57 A pp en dixes: Ao B. S c o p e and m e t h o d o f s u r v e y ------------------------------------------------------------------Q u e s t i o n n a i r e ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vi 59 62 Factory Workers’ Earnings, May 1958 SummaryF a c t o r y p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 9 7 an h o u r at s t r a i g h t - t i m e r a te s in M a y 19 58. P r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r e m p l o y m e n t d r o p p e d to its l o w e s t l e v e l of the 1 9 5 7 - 5 8 r e c e s s i o n d u rin g that p a y r o l l p e r i o d . The l e v e l of e a r n in g s p r o b a b l y was a f f e c t e d b y the d i f f e r e n t i a l i m p a c t of the r e c e s s i o n on e m p l o y m e n t . In g e n e r a l , e m p l o y m e n t w a s m o s t h e a v i l y a f f e c t e d in d u r a b l e g o o d s in d u s t r i e s w h e r e w a g e l e v e l s , p a r t l y b e c a u s e of the s k i l l c o m p o s i t i o n o f the w o r k f o r c e , tend to b e r e l a t i v e l y high. F a c t o r i e s in the N o r t h e a s t r e g i o n e m p l o y e d 36 p e r c e n t o f the N a tio n 's 11 y4 m i l l i o n w o r k e r s in m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , 34 p e r c e n t w e r e e m p l o y e d in the N o rth C e n t r a l r e g i o n , 21 p e r c e n t in the South, and 9 p e r c e n t in the W e s t . A v e r a g e e a r n in g s v a r i e d a m o n g t h e s e r e g i o n s b y as m u c h as 63 cen ts an h o u r . In the N o r t h e a s t , p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 9 4 , in the South $ 1 . 6 3 , in the N o rth C e n t r a l $ 2 . 13, and in the W e s t $ 2 . 2 6. A b ou t 70 p e r c e n t o f the f a c t o r y p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s w e r e e m p l o y e d in the m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s o f the c o u n t r y . W o r k e r s a v e r a g e d $ 2 . 08 an h o u r in th e s e a r e a s c o m p a r e d with $ 1 . 70 in n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s . P r o d u c e r s of d u r a b l e g o o d s e m p l o y e d abou t 56 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s w h o s e $ 2 . 1 1 a v e r a g e e x c e e d e d b y 32 c e n ts the a v e r a g e e a r n in g s in n o n d u r a b le g o o d s p la n t s . The d i f f e r e n c e in e a r n in g s l e v e l s as b e t w e e n d u r a b le and n o n d u r a b le g o o d s i n d u s t r i e s ra n g e d f r o m 18 cen ts in the South to 30 cen ts in the N o r t h e a s t . An e s t i m a t e d 5 . 9 p e r c e n t of the N a t i o n 's f a c t o r y w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s than $ 1 . 0 5 an h o u r ; 1 0 . 8 p e r c e n t , l e s s than $ 1 . 1 5 ; and 15. 6 p e r c e n t , l e s s than $ 1 . 2 5 . Of the n e a r l y 1 */4 m i l l i o n w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s than $ 1 . 1 5 an h ou r, h a lf w e r e e m p lo y e d in the South, 7 o f e v e r y 10 w e r e in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s p r o d u c i n g n o n d u r a b le g o o d s , and 7 of e v e r y 12 w e r e in n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s . On the o th e r hand, 2 % m i l l i o n w o r k e r s e a r n e d $ 2 . 50 o r m o r e an h o u r . M o r e than an eighth of th e s e r e l a t i v e l y h i g h - w a g e w o r k e r s w e r e em ploye,d in the South. A bou t t w o - t h i r d s of the w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 2 . 50 o r m o r e w e r e e n g a g e d in p r o d u c i n g d u r a b le g o o d s and 85 p e r c e n t w e r e in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s . N e a r l y 70 p e r c e n t o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s than $ 1 . 1 5 an h o u r w e r e e m p l o y e d in e s t a b l i s h m e n t s m a n u f a c t u r i n g f o o d , t e x t il e , a p p a r e l , and lu m b er p rod u cts. At the u p p e r end of the w a g e s c a l e , m o r e than t w o - f i f t h s of the w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 2 . 50 o r m o r e an h o u r w e r e e m p l o y e d in the p r i m a r y m e t a l s , m a c h i n e r y ( e x c e p t e l e c t r i c a l ) , and t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u ip m e n t i n d u s t r i e s . A ll M a n u fa c t u r in g F a c t o r y w o r k e r s , n u m b e r i n g s li g h t l y l e s s than l l 1 m i l l i o n in M a y 1958, /* a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 9 7 an h o u r at s t r a i g h t - t i m e r a t e s (tab le 1). This a v e r a g e has c o n s i d e r a b l e s i g n i f i c a n c e f o r m a n y p u r p o s e s and s u m m a r i z e s in a s in g l e f i g u r e the g e n e r a l l e v e l o f w a g e s f o r f a c t o r y w o r k e r s . It p r o v i d e s a r e f e r e n c e to the c e n t r a l p oin t a b ou t w h i c h the e a r n in g s o f f a c t o r y w o r k e r s w e r e d is t r i b u t e d . The d i s t r i b u tion o f e a r n in g s v a r i e d w i d e l y , a lth ou gh 94 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s e a r n e d b e t w e e n $1 and $3 an h o u r and the m i d d l e h a lf b e t w e e n $ 1 . 4 5 and $ 2 . 4 0 . An e stim a ted 663, 000 w o r k e r s e n g a g e d in m a n u f a c t u r i n g in the United S ta te s , o r 5 .9 p e r c e n t , e a r n e d l e s s than $ 1 . 0 5 an h o u r ; 1 , 2 1 5 , 0 0 0 , o r 10. 8 p e r c e n t , l e s s than $ 1 . 1 5 ; and 1 , 7 5 6 , 0 0 0 , o r 1 5 . 6 p e r c e n t , l e s s than $ 1 . 2 5. A p p r o x i m a t e l y h a lf of the N a t i o n 's p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s e a r n e d $2 o r m o r e an h o u r and a fifth e a r n e d $ 2 . 5 0 2 o r m o r e . The o n ly m a j o r c o n c e n t r a t i o n of w o r k e r s d i s c e r n i b l e at any one 5 - c e n t w a g e i n t e r v a l was the 6 2 8 ,0 0 0 w o r k e r s e a r n in g f r o m $1 to $ 1 . 0 5 . 1 O t h e r w i s e , the e a r n in g s w e r e d is t r i b u t e d in g e n e r a l l y eq u a l p r o p o r t i o n s abou t the a v e r a g e (ta b les 2 and 3). F o r the p u r p o s e s o f this study, the 48 States and the D i s t r i c t o f C o lu m b ia w e r e d iv id e d into 4 b r o a d g e o g r a p h i c a l r e g i o n s . 2 T h i r t y - s i x p e r c e n t o r 3 , 9 9 4 , 0 0 0 o f the Nation*s f a c t o r y p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s w e r e e m p l o y e d in the N o r t h e a s t , 34 p e r cen t o r 3, 7 7 2 ,0 0 0 in the N orth C e n t r a l , 21 p e r c e n t o r 2 , 4 2 2 , 0 0 0 in the South, and 9 p e r c e n t o r 1 , 0 5 6 , 000 in the W e s t . F u n d a m e n ta l d i f f e r e n c e s in h o u r l y e a r n in g s p r e v a i l e d a m o n g th e s e r e gion s. A v e r a g e s , f o r e x a m p l e , ra n g e d f r o m $ 1 . 6 3 in the South to $ 2 . 2 6 in the W est. In the N o r t h e a s t , m a n u f a c t u r i n g p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 9 4 an h o u r and in the N o rth C e n t r a l S ta te s , $ 2 . 1 3 (ta b les 2 and 3). C o n s i d e r i n g that the e a r n in g s f o r a ll but 6 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s f e l l w ith in a $2 r a n g e , the d i f f e r e n c e o f 63 cen ts an h o u r in the a v e r a g e s b e t w e e n the South and the W e s t , o r e v e n the d i f f e r e n c e o f 31 cen ts b e t w e e n the South and N o r t h e a s t r e g i o n s , r e f l e c t s s i g n i f ic a n t v a r i a t io n s in the d i s t r i b u t i o n s . A p p r o x i m a t e l y one o f e v e r y s i x p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in the South e a r n e d l e s s than $ 1 . 0 5 an h o u r . T h e s e 4 1 4 , 0 0 0 w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d n e a r l y t w o - t h i r d s o f a ll the f a c t o r y w o r k e r s in the N ation at this l e v e l o f w a g e s . Ab o u t t h r e e of e v e r y eigh t f a c t o r y w o r k e r s in the South e a r n e d l e s s than $1.2 5, w h ile one o f e v e r y eigh t e a r n e d $ 2 . 50 o r m o r e an h o u r . In e a c h o f the o th e r r e g i o n s , f e w e r than 14 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s than $ 1 . 2 5 , w h e r e a s the p r o p o r t i o n e a r n in g $ 2 0 50 o r m o r e an h o u r r a n g e d f r o m 18 p e r c e n t in the N o r t h e a s t to abou t 31 p e r c e n t in the W e s t . (See c h a r t 1 f o r c u m u l a t iv e d is t r i b u t io n o f e a r n in g s f o r United States and South in 1954 and 19 58. ) M e t r o p o l i t a n and N o n m e t r o p o l i t a n A r e a s P o p u la t io n c o n c e n t r a t i o n a p p e a r s to b e one o f the f a c t o r s that i n f l u e n c e s w a g e s . At the t im e o f the s u r v e y , 7 of e v e r y 10 f a c t o r y w o r k e r s in the c o u n t r y w e r e e m p l o y e d in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s , w h e r e a v e r a g e e a r n in g s of $ 2 . 0 8 w e r e 38 cen ts h ig h e r than in n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s . 3 E a r n in g s f o r the m i d d l e h a lf o f the w o r k e r s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s r a n g e d f r o m $ 1 . 6 0 to $ 2 . 5 0 c o m p a r e d with $ 1 . 2 0 to $ 2 . 1 0 f o r the e q u iv a le n t g r o u p in n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s (tab le 4). The d i f f e r e n c e s in the d is t r i b u t io n s o f e a r n in g s b e t w e e n m e t r o p o l i t a n and n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s w e r e l a r g e l y found in the l o w e r and u p p e r w a ge in t e r v a ls * (See c h a r t 2 . ) W h e r e a s a bou t 10 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s in the l a r g e c i t y a r e a s e a r n e d l e s s than $ 1 . 2 5 an h o u r , n e a r l y 28 p e r c e n t in the l e s s u r b a n i z e d a r e a s w e r e paid th e s e l o w e r w a g es * In the m i d d l e w a g e i n t e r v a l s ( $ 1 . 5 0 to $ 2 , f o r e x a m p l e ) , a p p r o x i m a t e l y the s a m e p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s was found in e a c h o f the two a r e a s * A t the u p p e r end o f the d is t r i b u t io n , n e a r l y 2 5 p e r c e n t o f the m e t r o p o lit a n w o r k e r s and 10 p e r c e n t o f the n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n w o r k e r s e a r n e d $ 2 . 5 0 o r m o r e . A lth o u g h the p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s c o n c e n t r a t e d abou t the $1 m i n i m u m w a g e w e r e m a r k e d l y d i f f e r e n t , n e a r l y t w o - f i f t h s (abou t 2 5 0 , 0 00) o f a ll the w o r k e r s e a r n in g $1 to $ 1 . 05 an h o u r w e r e e m p l o y e d in the m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s . 1 F o r e a s e of r e a d in g , in this and s u b s e q u e n t d i s c u s s i o n o f t a b u la tio n s , the l i m i t s of the c l a s s i n t e r v a l s a r e d e s ig n a te d as $1 to $ 1 . 0 5 , 3 to 5 p e r c e n t , e t c . , in s te a d o f u s in g the m o r e p r e c i s e t e r m i n o l o g y " $ 1 and u n d e r $ 1 . 0 5 , 3 and u n d er 5 p ercen t, " etc. 2 F o r lis t in g of States in e a c h r e g i o n , s e e fo o t n o t e 2, ta b le 1. 3 See fo o t n o t e 3, ta ble 1, f o r d e fi n it i o n of m e t r o p o l i t a n and n o n m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s . 3 The South w as the o n ly r e g i o n w h e r e e m p l o y m e n t w a s g r e a t e r in n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n than in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s . A v e r a g e e a r n in g s f o r w o r k e r s in m e t r o p o lita n a r e a s r a n g e d f r o m $ 1 . 8 7 in the South to $ 2 . 2 8 in the W e s t , and in n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s , f r o m $ 1 . 4 3 to $ 2 . 2 1 in the s a m e tw o r e g i o n s , r e s p e c t i v e l y . A v e r a g e s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s e x c e e d e d th o s e in n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n b y 44 cen ts in the South, 36 ce n ts in the N orth C e n t r a l , 20 cen ts in the N o r t h e a s t , and 7 cen ts in the W e s t . A l m o s t f o u r - f i f t h s o f a ll the w o r k e r s in n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s who e a r n e d $1 to $ 1 . 0 5 w e r e in the South, but in the m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s o f the N o r t h e a s t , m o r e w o r k e r s w e r e foun d at this w a g e i n t e r v a l than in the m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s o f the South. D u r a b le and N o n d u r a b le G o o d s In d u s t r ie s W a g e d is t r i b u t io n s and l e v e l s a r e s i g n i f i c a n t l y i n flu e n c e d b y the i n d u s t r i a l d i s t r i b u t i o n of the Nation*s f a c t o r y w o r k f o r c e . In the United S ta te s , m o r e than 6 j/4 m i l l i o n w o r k e r s (56 p e r c e n t ) w e r e e n g a g e d in p r o d u c i n g d u r a b le g o o d s . T h e s e w o r k e r s g e n e r a l l y e a r n e d m o r e than th o s e e m p l o y e d in n o n d u r a b le g o o d s i n d u s t r i e s . 4 A n a v e r a g e o f $ 2 . 11 w a s r e g i s t e r e d in M a y 19 58 f o r d u r a b l e g o o d s w o r k e r s and $ 1 . 7 9 an h o u r f o r n o n d u r a b le g o o d s w o r k e r s . The m i d d l e h a lf of the w o r k e r s in the f o r m e r g r o u p had e a r n in g s r a n g in g f r o m $ 1 . 7 0 to $ 2 . 5 0 , c o m p a r e d with $ 1 . 2 5 to $ 2 . 2 0 f o r the m i d d l e h a lf in the la t t e r g r o u p . (See c h a r t 3 . ) S e v e n - t e n t h s o f a ll the w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s than $ 1 . 2 5 w e r e e m p l o y e d in plan ts m a n u f a c t u r i n g n o n d u r a b le g o o d s (ta b le s 5 and 6 ). Only in the South did e m p l o y m e n t in n o n d u r a b le g o o d s i n d u s t r i e s e x c e e d that in d u r a b le g o o d s . P la n ts m a n u f a c t u r i n g d u r a b le g o o d s a c c o u n t e d f o r a p p r o x i m a t e l y t w o - t h i r d s o f the w o r k e r s in the W e s t and N o r th C e n t r a l r e g i o n s , s li g h t l y m o r e than h a lf in the N o r t h e a s t , but o n ly about t w o - f i f t h s in the South. The h ig h e s t a v e r a g e r e g i s t e r e d f o r d u r a b le g o o d s w a s $ 2 . 3 3 in tbe W e s t , and the l o w e s t a v e r a g e w as $ 1 . 7 4 in the South. The s a m e tw o r e g i o n s r e c o r d e d the h ig h e s t and l o w e s t e a r n in g s f o r n o n d u r a b le g o o d s , $ 2 . 1 3 and $ 1 . 5 6 , resp ectively. E a r n in g s f o r d u r a b l e g o o d s i n d u s t r i e s e x c e e d e d th o s e f o r n o n d u r a b le g o o d s b y 30 ce n ts in the N o r t h e a s t , 2 5 c e n ts in the N orth C e n t r a l , 20 cen ts in the W e s t , and 18 ce n ts in the South. M a j o r In d u s tr y G r o u p s D i f f e r e n c e s in w a g e l e v e l s a m o n g in d u s t r i e s ca n b e e x p la i n e d , at l e a s t in p a r t , b y d i f f e r e n c e s a m o n g i n d u s t r i e s in the s k i l l c o m p o s i t i o n o f the w o r k force. The l e v e l o f w a g e s in an i n d u s t r y that r e q u i r e s a high p r o p o r t i o n of s k i l le d w o r k e r s r e l a t i v e to u n s k i ll e d w i l l tend to b e a b o v e that o f an i n d u s t r y w ith the o p p o s it e s k i l l r e q u i r e m e n t s , e v e n though w a g e s in the tw o i n d u s t r i e s a r e eq u a l f o r s i m i l a r ty p es o f w o r k . This la t t e r c o n d it io n , of c o u r s e , d o e s not a lw a y s o b ta in . T h e w id e r a n g e of i n t e r i n d u s t r y v a r i a b i l i t y in w a g e s ca n b e r e a d i l y s e e n in ta b le 1, w h e r e data f o r 21 b r o a d i n d u s t r y g r o u p s a r e ta b u la ted . 5 A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s r a n g e d f r o m $ 1 . 4 2 in te x t ile m i l l s to $ 2 . 5 8 in p la n ts p r o d u c i n g p e t r o l e u m and c o a l p r o d u c t s , a d i f f e r e n c e o f $ 1 . 1 6 an h o u r . E v e n a m o n g the g e n e r a l l y l o w - w a g e i n d u s t r i e s , s u c h as f o o d , t e x t i l e s , a p p a r e l , l u m b e r , and l e a t h e r , a s p r e a d o f 36 c e n ts an h o u r e x i s t e d b e t w e e n the l o w e s t and h ig h e s t ind u stry a v e r a g e s . 4 See f o o tn o te 4, ta b le 1, f o r l is t in g o f d u r a b le and n o n d u r a b le g o o d s m a n u factu ring in d u stries. 5 See f o o t n o t e 3, ta b le 1, f o r d e fin itio n o f i n d u s t r y and i n d u s t r y g r o u p s . 4 B e c a u s e o f the v a r i a b i l i t y in e a r n in g s b y in d u s t r y , the o v e r a l l w a g e s t r u c t u r e in m a n u f a c t u r i n g w a s a f f e c t e d b y the p r o p o r t i o n o f e m p l o y m e n t in e a c h industry. In M a y 19 58, e m p l o y m e n t in the f o l l o w i n g s i x i n d u s t r y g r o u p s a c cou n ted f o r m o r e than h a lf o f the f a c t o r y w o r k e r s : T r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u ip m e n t, n o n e l e c t r i c a l m a c h i n e r y , a p p a r e l , f o o d , p r i m a r y m e t a l s , and t e x t i l e s . The f a b r i c a t e d m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s and e l e c t r i c a l m a c h i n e r y m a n u f a c t u r e r s , e a c h w ith m o r e than 7 0 0 ,0 0 0 w o r k e r s , t o g e t h e r a c c o u n t e d f o r 13 p e r c e n t of the e m p l o y e d pro d u c tio n w o r k e r s . L u m b e r and w o o d p r o d u c t s , p r i n t in g and p u b l is h in g , and the c h e m i c a l i n d u s t r i e s t o g e t h e r e m p l o y e d m o r e than \ m illio n p rod u ction w o r k e r s . The d i s t r i b u t i o n of this i n d u s t r i a l e m p l o y m e n t w ith in the r e g i o n s had an i m p o r t a n t b e a r i n g on r e g i o n a l w a g e l e v e l s . The m a j o r e m p l o y e r s in the N o r t h e a s t w e r e a p p a r e l m a n u f a c t u r e r s , f o l l o w e d b y p r o d u c e r s o f e l e c t r i c a l and n o n e l e c t r i c a l m a c h i n e r y , p r i m a r y m e t a l s , and t e x t i l e s . M o r e than a fifth o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in the South w e r e e m p l o y e d in te x t il e m i l l s ; the a p p a r e l , l u m b e r , and f o o d i n d u s t r i e s e a c h e m p l o y e d a bou t a tenth of the w o r k e r s . In the N o rth C e n t r a l r e g i o n , a b ou t h a lf the e m p l o y m e n t w a s c o n c e n t r a t e d in the n o n e l e c t r i c a l m a c h i n e r y , t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u ip m e n t , f o o d , and p r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s . L u m b e r , t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u i p m e n t , and f o o d w e r e the m a j o r e m p l o y i n g i n d u s t r i e s in the W e s t (table 1). The e f f e c t s of the d is t r i b u t i o n o f i n d u s t r i a l e m p l o y m e n t on r e g i o n a l w a g e l e v e l s ca n b e i l l u s t r a t e d b y the a v e r a g e e a r n in g s in the m a j o r i n d u s t r y . The n u m e r i c a l l y m o s t i m p o r t a n t i n d u s t r y in e a c h r e g i o n e m p l o y e d f r o m 14 to 20 p e r cen t o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s . A v e r a g e e a r n in g s in th e s e i n d u s t r i e s at the ti m e o f the s u r v e y w e r e $ 1 . 6 3 in the N o r t h e a s t , $ 1 . 3 2 in the South, $ 2 . 2 9 in the N o rth C e n t r a l , and $ 2 . 4 4 in the W e s t . E m p h a s is has b e e n p l a c e d on the e f f e c t s o f i n d u s t r y w a g e s on r e g i o n a l wage le v e ls . It sh ou ld b e n o te d , h o w e v e r , that the c o n v e r s e is a l s o i m p o r t a n t . In a l m o s t a ll c a s e s w h e r e c o m p a r i s o n s w e r e p o s s i b l e , the a v e r a g e e a r n in g s f o r the s a m e i n d u s t r y g r o u p w e r e l o w e s t in the South, h ig h e s t in the W e s t , and g e n e r a l l y f o l l o w e d the s a m e p a t t e r n n oted in the o v e r a l l r e g i o n a l w a g e l e v e l s . The r e g i o n a l i n f l u e n c e ca n p e r h a p s b e i l l u s t r a t e d if w e a s s u m e that the South had the s a m e i n d u s t r i a l c o m p o s i t i o n as the N o r t h e a s t . U sin g the l a t t e r ' s e m p l o y m e n t in e a c h i n d u s t r y and the a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s f o r the South in th e s e i n d u s t r i e s , the South w ou ld h ave had an a v e r a g e f o r a ll m a n u f a c t u r i n g w o r k e r s o f $ 1 . 6 8 an h o u r---- 5 c e n ts m o r e than its a c tu a l a v e r a g e but s till 2 6 c e n ts b e lo w the a v e r a g e in the N o r t h e a s t . T h e r e w e r e s e v e r a l im p o r t a n t e x c e p t i o n s to the r e g u l a r p a tte r n o f w a g e l e v e l s in w h ic h the l o w e s t e a r n in g s w e r e found in the South, n ota bly in the p a p e r and a llie d p r o d u c t s , c h e m i c a l s , and. p r i m a r y m e t a l i n d u s t r i e s . The a v e r a g e e a r n in g s in the South e x c e e d e d th o s e in the N o r t h e a s t in th e s e in d u s tr y g r o u p s b y 4, 12, and 2 ce n ts an h o u r , r e s p e c t i v e l y . A s the i n d u s t r y a v e r a g e s ra n g e d f r o m $ 1 . 4 2 to $ 2 . 5 8 an h o u r , s o the d is t r i b u t io n o f e a r n in g s a bou t th e s e a v e r a g e s a l s o v a r i e d w i d e l y . Large con c e n t r a t io n s o f w o r k e r s w e r e found n e a r the a v e r a g e in s o m e i n d u s t r i e s 0 F o r e x a m p l e , n e a r l y o n e - f i f t h o f the w o r k e r s in the t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u ip m e n t i n d u s t r i e s , w h e r e the a v e r a g e was $ 2 . 3 8 , e a rn e d b e t w e e n $ 2 . 3 0 and $ 2 . 4 0 an h o u r . On the o t h e r hand, a fo u r t h o f the w o r k e r s in l u m b e r e a r n e d $1 to $ 1 . 0 5 an h o u r ( a p p r o x i m a t e l y 60 c e n ts b e lo w the a v e r a g e ) w h ile a f o u r th o f the w o r k e r s in the p r in t in g and p u b lis h in g i n d u s t r i e s e a r n e d $3 o r m o r e an h o u r (at l e a s t 69 cen ts a b o v e the a v e r a g e ) . G e n e r a l l y , th o s e i n d u s t r y g r o u p s with a v e r a g e s u n d e r $ 1 . 8 0 an h o u r had s ig n i f ic a n t p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s c l u s t e r e d a rou n d the F e d e r a l m i n i m u m w a g e o f $ 1 , w h ile none o f t h o s e i n d u s t r i e s with a v e r a g e s a b o v e $ 1 . 8 0 an h o u r had as m a n y as 5 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s than $ 1 . 0 5 (table 7). 5 S e l e c t e d I n d u s tr ie s The d i v e r s i f i e d w a g e p a tte r n s found a m o n g the b r o a d i n d u s t r y g r o u p s w e r e a c c e n t u a t e d w hen the p a y l e v e l s and d is t r i b u t io n s o f the c o m p o n e n t i n d u s trie s w e re exa m in ed . The b r o a d i n d u s t r y data o ften c o n c e a l s h a r p d i f f e r e n c e s a m o n g the w a g e d is t r i b u t io n s o f the s u b i n d u s t r i e s o f a m a j o r g r o u p . Such d i f f e r e n c e s o c c u r in b oth the l o w - w a g e and h i g h - w a g e i n d u s t r i e s as a few e x a m p le s f r o m the s u r v e y data w i ll i l l u s t r a t e (tab le 8). The f o o d and k in d re d p r o d u c t s g r o u p in c lu d e d the l e v e r a g e in d u s t r i e s (with a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f $ 2 . 12 and f e w e r than a tenth o f the w o r k e r s paid l e s s than $ 1 . 0 5 ) and ca n n in g and p r e s e r v i n g (with a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f $ 1 . 4 9 and n e a r l y o n e - f o u r t h o f the w o r k e r s paid l e s s than $ 1 . 0 5 ) . The a p p a r e l g r o u p i n clu d e d m e n ' s and b o y s 1 su its and c o a t s (with a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f $ 1 . 7 6 and l e s s than a tenth o f the w o r k e r s paid l e s s than $ l o 05) and m e n ' s and b o y s ' fu r n is h in g s and w o r k c lo th in g (with a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f $ 1 . 2 7 and t h r e e - t e n t h s paid l e s s than $ 1 . 0 5 ) . The c h e m i c a l g r o u p in c lu d e d in d u s t r i a l o r g a n i c c h e m i c a l s (with a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f $ 2 . 4 2 and v i r t u a l l y no w o r k e r s p aid l e s s than $ 1 . 0 5 ) and v e g e t a b le and a n i m a l o i ls and fats (with a v e r a g e e a r n in g s o f $ 1 . 5 9 and about o n e - s i x t h o f the w o r k e r s paid l e s s than $ 1 . 0 5 ) . (See c h a r t 4 f o r p e r c e n t a g e s o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s than $ 1 . 2 5 an h o u r. ) Not a ll in d u s t r y g r o u p s con ta in ed i n d u s t r i e s o f w i d e l y d i s s i m i l a r w a ge ch a ra cte ristics. F o r e x a m p l e , the c o m p o n e n t i n d u s t r i e s w ith in the f a b r i c a t e d m e t a l p r o d u c t s , m a c h i n e r y , and t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u ip m e n t i n d u s t r y g r o u p s did not v a r y s u b s t a n t i a ll y in e i t h e r l e v e l o r d is t r i b u t io n o f e a r n i n g s . A n o t h e r d i f f e r e n c e o c c u r s in the t e x t ile g r o u p . The two m a j o r i n d u s t r i e s in the g r o u p a r e b r o a d w o v e n f a b r i c m i l l s and knitting m i l l s . W o r k e r s in the knitting m i l l s a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 3 9 an h o u r , 1 cen t m o r e than th o s e in the b r o a d w o v e n m i l l s , a lth ou gh n e a r l y 18 p e r c e n t o f the knitting m i l l w o r k e r s w e r e paid l e s s than $ 1 .0 5 c o m p a r e d with l e s s than 3 p e r c e n t o f the b r o a d w o v e n m i l l w o r k e r s . A c l o s e r study o f the w a g e s t r u c t u r e s o f s o m e o f the s u b i n d u s t r i e s s u g g e s t s that ca u tio n n e e d s to b e e x e r c i s e d in a ttrib u tin g w a ge d i f f e r e n c e s to any s in g le f a c t o r . The f a c t o r o f g e o g r a p h i c l o c a t i o n m a y b e u s e d f o r i l l u s t r a t i o n purposeso F o r e x a m p l e , a ll but 6 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s paid l e s s than $ l o 05 an h o u r in the m e a t p r o d u c t s i n d u s t r y w e r e e m p l o y e d in the Sou th 0 L e s s than h a lf o f the w o r k e r s e n g a g e d in m a k in g m e n ' s and b o y s ' f u r n is h in g s and w o r k c lo th in g w e r e e m p l o y e d in the South but m o r e than s e v e n - t e n t h s o f a il the w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s than $ 1 . 0 5 in that i n d u s t r y w e r e in the s o u t h e r n p la n t s . E v e n m o r e e m p h a t ic a r e the d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n the e a r n in g s o f w o r k e r s in s o u th e r n s a w m i l l s and p la n in g m i l l s and in the r e m a i n d e r o f the c o u n t r y . A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s in the South w e r e $ 1 . 0 8 c o m p a r e d w ith $ 2 . 0 1 in the r e s t o f the U nited States and a ll but abou t 3 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s paid l e s s than $ 1 . 0 5 w e r e in the s o u t h e r n m i l l s (tab le 9). In e a c h o f th e s e c a s e s cite d th e r e w e r e u nique c o n d it io n s p r e v a i l i n g in the s o u t h e r n i n d u s t r i e s that ten ded to d e p r e s s w a g e s r e l a t i v e to o th e r r e g i o n s . F o r e x a m p l e , a s u b s ta n tia l n u m b e r o f the l o w e r w a g e S o u th e rn w o r k e r s in the m e a t p r o d u c t s in d u s t r y w e r e e m p l o y e d in the exp an d in g p o u l t r y p r o d u c t s p la n ts; the s o u th e r n m e n ' s and b o y s ' f u r n is h in g s i n d u s t r y is l a r g e l y c o m p o s e d o f plants m a k i n g l o w e r p r i c e d s p o r t s h i r t s ; and the s o u t h e r n l u m b e r i n d u s t r y is d o m in a te d b y s m a l l p o r t a b l e s a w m i l l s e n g a g ed in cutting s e c o n d - and t h i r d - g r a d e t i m b e r in w h ic h the a v e r a g e y i e ld p e r l o g is about o n e - t e n t h that o f the D o u g la s f i r r e g i o n 0 6 F u r t h e r ligh t on w a g e v a r i a t io n s a m o n g i n d u s t r i e s can b e ob ta in ed i f the data f o r m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s a r e s e p a r a t e d f r o m th o s e f o r n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s . A m a j o r i t y o f the w o r k e r s in a il but 2 o f the 21 b r o a d i n d u s t r y g r o u p s (t e x t ile s and l u m b e r ) w e r e e m p l o y e d in the m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s . Only in the p a p e r i n d u s t r i e s w e r e a v e r a g e e a r n in g s h ig h e r in the n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s ; in a ll o th e r i n d u s t r y g r o u p s , a v e r a g e e a r n in g s r a n g e d f r o m 2 to 33 p e r c e n t h ig h e r in the m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s (tab le 1 0 )o E a r n in g s w e r e a l s o h ig h e r in the m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s f o r v i r t u a l l y a ll o f the s u b i n d u s t r i e s f o r w h i c h data w e r e a v a i l a b l e . A s has a l r e a d y b e e n n o te d , the w a g e c h a r a c t e r i s t i c s o f the i n d u s t r i e s a s s o c i a t e d with the m a n u f a c t u r e o f a b r o a d p r o d u c t g r o u p a r e not n e c e s s a r i l y s i m i l a r and the d i f f e r e n c e s in e a r n in g s l e v e l s f o r w o r k e r s o f the s a m e i n d u s t r y e m p l o y e d in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s and n o n m e t r o p o li t a n a r e a s v a r i e d w i d e l y . F o r e x a m p l e , a m o n g i n d u s t r i e s e n g a g e d in the m a n u f a c t u r e o f f o o d p r o d u c t s , a v e r a g e e a r n in g s in the m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s w e r e h ig h e r b y 5 c e n ts an h o u r in c o n f e c t i o n e r y p r o d u c t s but b y 78 cen ts in the b e v e r a g e ind u stries. In the t e x t ile g r o u p , h ig h e r a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s w e r e 7 ce n ts in b r o a d w o v e n m i l l s and 16 cen ts in d y e in g and fin i s h i n g p la n ts . A m o n g the a p p a r e l i n d u s t r i e s , th e s e d i f f e r e n c e s in a v e r a g e e a r n in g s w e r e 18 cen ts in m i s c e l l a n e o u s f a b r i c a t e d te x t il e p r o d u c t s and 38 cen ts in w o m e n ' s and m i s s e s ' o u t e r w e a r . In the c h e m i c a l g r o u p , a v e r a g e e a r n in g s w e r e 36 c e n ts h ig h e r in the m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s f o r w o r k e r s p r o d u c i n g v e g e t a b le and a n i m a l o i l s and f a t s , « but w o r k e r s e n g a g e d in p r o d u c i n g i n d u s t r i a l i n o r g a n i c c h e m i c a l s a v e r a g e d 4 cen ts an h o u r l e s s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s (ta b le 1 0 ). The d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n the e a r n in g s of w o r k e r s in m e t r o p o l i t a n and n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s r e s u l t f r o m a w id e v a r i e t y o f f a c t o r s , one o f w h ic h is c e r t a i n l y the e f f e c t o f the d is t r i b u t i o n o f e m p l o y m e n t in the s o u t h e r n r e g i o n . In h a lf o f the 16 b r o a d i n d u s t r y g r o u p s f o r w h ic h data w e r e a v a i la b le in the South, e m p l o y m e n t in the n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s e x c e e d e d that in the m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s and, in s o m e o f th e s e i n d u s t r i e s , m o r e than t w i c e the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s w e r e e m p l o y e d in the n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s . A v e r a g e e a r n in g s in the South w e r e h ig h e r in the m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s in a ll but tw o o f the b o a r d i n d u s t r i e s f o r w h ic h data w e r e a v a i l a b l e . The d i f f e r e n c e s in a v e r a g e e a r n in g s b e t w e e n the two a r e a s , i n m o s t c a s e s , w e r e n ot as l a r g e in the s u b i n d u s t r i e s as in the m a j o r g r o u p s (tab le 1 1 ). N onsu p ervisory W ork ers The p r e c e d i n g d i s c u s s i o n , w h ic h has r e f e r e n c e to the data in the f i r s t 11 t a b l e s , w a s l i m i t e d to p r o d u c t i o n and r e l a t e d w o r k e r s . In r e c o g n i t i o n o f the g r o w i n g i m p o r t a n c e o f "w h ite c o l l a r " w o r k e r s in the m a n u f a c t u r i n g l a b o r f o r c e , data w e r e a l s o c o l l e c t e d f o r o th e r n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s , s u c h as o f f i c e and c l e r i c a l e m p l o y e e s . 6 The d is t r i b u t io n o f e a r n in g s f o r a ll n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s is tabu lated in table 12 f o r 16 o f the 21 m a j o r i n d u s t r y g r o u p s . 7 Such data h ave n ot p r e v i o u s l y b e e n a v a i l a b l e in this f o r m . In 7 o f the 16 i n d u s t r i e s f o r w h ich data w e r e a v a i l a b l e , the "w h ite c o l l a r " w o r k e r s r e p r e s e n t e d f r o m 20 to 2 7 p e r c e n t o f the n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k f o r c e . A lth ou g h the p r o p o r t i o n s o f th e s e w o r k e r s w e r e s i g n i f i c a n t in m o s t c a s e s , the d is t r i b u t io n s f o r a ll n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s w e r e not r a d i c a l l y d i f f e r e n t f r o m th o s e f o r p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s . S ee a p p e n d ix A f o r d e fin it io n o f n o n s u p e r v i s o r y e m p l o y e e s . B e c a u s e o f the i n c o r p o r a t i o n o f r e c e n t s u r v e y s w h ic h i n c lu d e d o n ly p r o d u c tio n w o r k e r s , data f o r a ll n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s w e r e not a v a i la b le f o r a ll i n d u s t r i e s . 6 7 7 A v e r a g e e a r n in g s w e r e g e n e r a l l y h ig h e r f o r a ll n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s than f o r p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s o n ly ; in 10 i n d u s t r i e s , a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s w e r e h ig h e r b y 1 to 4 c e n t s ; in 3 i n d u s t r i e s , a v e r a g e e a r n in g s w e r e i d e n t i c a l ; and in the r e m a i n i n g 3 i n d u s t r i e s , the a v e r a g e s w e r e l o w e r f o r a ll n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s than f o r p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s ---- 1 cen t l o w e r in o r d n a n c e , 7 c e n ts l o w e r in p r in t in g and p u b l is h in g , and 4 c e n ts l o w e r in p e t r o l e u m and c o a l p r o d u c t s . A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s f o r a ll n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s w e r e m o r e n e a r l y the s a m e as th o s e f o r p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in the N o r t h e a s t than in the o t h e r r e g i o n s and g r e a t e r d i f f e r e n c e s w e r e found in the W e s t in th o s e i n d u s t r i e s f o r w h ic h data w e r e a v a i l a b l e . In the South, a v e r a g e s f o r a ll n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s w e r e 7 ce n ts an h o u r h ig h e r in the f o o d i n d u s t r i e s , 5 cen ts h ig h e r in m i s c e l l a n e o u s m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s , and 8 c e n ts l o w e r in the p r i n t in g and p u b l is h in g i n d u s t r i e s . The d i f f e r e n c e s in the o t h e r i n d u s t r i e s did not e x c e e d 2 c e n ts an h o u r . A v e r a g e e a r n in g s f o r a ll n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s w e r e m o r e n e a r l y the s a m e as th o s e f o r p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s than in m e t r o p o lit a n a r e a s in m o s t i n d u s t r i e s f o r w h i c h c o m p a r i s o n s c o u ld b e m a d e . N o ta b le e x c e p t i o n s w e r e p r i n t in g and p u b lis h in g and p e t r o l e u m and c o a l p r o d u c t s . In the f o r m e r i n d u s t r y , the a v e r a g e f o r a ll n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s w a s 9 c e n ts b e lo w the a v e r a g e f o r p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s c o m p a r e d w ith 6 cen ts b e l o w in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s ; in the l a t t e r i n d u s t r y , the d i f f e r e n c e s w e r e 10 cen ts l e s s in n o n m e t r o p o l i t a n and 3 ce n ts l e s s in m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s (table 13). C o m p a r i s o n o f M e a n and M e d i a n A v e r a g e s The g e n e r a l l e v e l o f w a g e s has b e e n d e s c r i b e d in this r e p o r t b y the a v e r a g e as a m e a n f i g u r e o f a ll the in d iv id u a l h o u r l y e a r n i n g s . The m e a n , w h ic h is a f f e c t e d b y the e x t r e m e e a r n i n g s , m a y b e s o m e w h a t m i s l e a d i n g in th o s e c a s e s w h e r e the d is t r i b u t io n s w e r e n ot s y m m e t r i c a l . A n o t h e r m e a s u r e o f a v e r a g e e a r n ings is the m e d i a n , the a m o u n t b e l o w and a b o v e w h i c h the e a r n in g s f o r 50 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s a r e fo u n d . The d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n the tw o a v e r a g e s is a r e l i a b l e m e a s u r e o f the exten t to w h i c h the d is t r i b u t io n s d e p a r t f r o m s y m m e t r y . B ecause a f l o o r h as b e e n e s t a b l i s h e d f o r m o s t m a n u f a c t u r i n g w a g e s (by the $ 1 m i n i m u m w a g e ) , but n o u p p e r l i m i t a t i o n has b e e n i m p o s e d , the m e a n is g e n e r a l l y h ig h e r than the m e d i a n . The tw o a v e r a g e s h av e b e e n c o m p a r e d in ta ble 14 f o r the United S ta te s , the f o u r r e g i o n s and the m a j o r i n d u s t r y g r o u p s . The s i m i l a r i t y b e t w e e n the m e a n and m e d i a n e a r n in g s ( $ 1 . 9 7 and $ 1 . 9 6 , r e s p e c t i v e l y ) f o r a ll f a c t o r y p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in the U nited States r e f l e c t e d the g e n e r a l l y e v e n d i s t r i b u t i o n o f e a r n in g s b e t w e e n the $1 and $3 an h o u r l i m i t s . (See c h a r t 5. ) T h is s i m i l a r i t y a l s o e x i s t e d in the N o rth C e n t r a l and the W e s t . In the N o r t h e a s t and the South— p a r t i c u l a r l y in the l a t t e r — the m e d i a n w a s s i g n i f i c a n tly b e lo w the m e a n . The 2 0 - c e n t - a n - h o u r d i f f e r e n c e in the South h ig h lig h ts the e f f e c t that the c o n c e n t r a t i o n o f w o r k e r s at the l o w e r end o f the w a g e s c a l e has on the d is t r i b u t i o n o f e a r n i n g s . Th e i n f l u e n c e o f s u c h c o n c e n t r a t i o n s is a l s o e v id e n t in the i n d u s t r y d i s t r i b u t i o n s . A d i r e c t c o r r e l a t i o n (with fe w e x c e p t i o n s ) e x i s t e d b e t w e e n the p e r c e n t a g e o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s than $ 1 . 0 5 an h o u r and the a m ou n t b y w h i c h the m e a n e x c e e d e d the m e d i a n . W a g e C h a n g e s — A p r i l 1954 to M a y 1958 The B u r e a u ^ l a s t c o m p r e h e n s i v e stu dy o f f a c t o r y e a r n in g s in A p r i l 19 54 p r o v i d e s a b a s i s f o r c o m p a r i s o n s o f w a g e l e v e l s and d is t r i b u t io n s b e t w e e n A p r i l 1954 and M a y 1958.® The n u m b e r o f p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s e s t i m a t e d in the M a y 1958 F a c t o r y W o rk e rs* E arn in gs, A p ril 1954, B L S B u ll . 1179, M arch 1955. 8 m a n u f a c t u r i n g s u r v e y w a s abou t i y 3 m i l l i o n f e w e r than the lZ l/z m i l l i o n in A p r i l 1954, and the d i f f e r e n c e in e m p l o y m e n t b e t w e e n the tw o s tu d ie s i n f l u e n c e s , to s o m e e x te n t, the e x i s t in g w a g e l e v e l s . D u r a b le g o o d s i n d u s t r i e s a c c o u n t e d f o r m o r e than t h r e e - f o u r t h s o f the l o s s in w o r k e r s . On a r e g i o n a l b a s i s , e m p l o y m e n t d e c r e a s e s v a r i e d f r o m 14 p e r c e n t in the N o rth C e n t r a l r e g i o n , in w h i c h d u r a b l e g o o d s i n d u s t r i e s w e r e l a r g e l y fou n d , to 6 p e r c e n t in the South. A v e r a g e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n in g s f o r p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s in the N a t i o n ^ m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s r o s e 17 p e r c e n t , f r o m $ 1 . 6 8 in A p r i l 1954 to $ 1 . 9 7 in M a y 1958. T h is i n c r e a s e w a s a c c o m p a n i e d b y m a r k e d ch a n g e s in the d i s t r i b u t i o n o f w a g e s as s u m m a r i z e d b e l o w : A v e r a g e s tra ig h t-tim e h o u r l y e a r n in g s P e r c e n t a g e d i s t r i b u t io n of p rod uction w o r k e r s A p r i l 1954 U n d er $ 1 ------------------------------------------$1 to $ 1 . 2 5 ------------- -------------------------$ 1 . 2 5 to $ 1 . 50 -------------------------------$ 1 . 50 to $2 --------------------------------------$2 to $ 2 . 50 --------------------------------------O v e r $ 2 . 50 --------------------------------------N u m b e r o f w o r k e r s ------------------------A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n i n g s ---------------- 1 0 .2 1 2 .2 14. 6 38. 1 18. 7 6 .2 1 2 ,5 9 0 ,0 0 0 $ 1 .6 8 M a y 1958 0 .3 15. 4 1 1 .4 24. 8 28. 1 1 9 .9 1 1 ,2 45 ,0 00 $ 1 .9 7 The a d v a n c e in e a r n in g s d u r in g the 4 - y e a r p e r i o d w a s a p p a r e n t ly s h a r e d b y w o r k e r s at p r a c t i c a l l y a ll l e v e l s o f p a y . In 1954, a p p r o x i m a t e l y l 1 m i l l i o n /^ w o r k e r s , o r 1 0 .2 p e r c e n t , e a r n e d l e s s than $1 an h o u r c o m p a r e d w ith o n ly 3 5 , 0 0 0 w o r k e r s , o r 0 . 3 p e r c e n t , in 1958. Th e s t a t u t o r y F e d e r a l m i n i m u m w a g e , e f f e c tive M a r c h 1, 1956, p r e v e n t e d the p a y m e n t o f w a g e s b e l o w $1 to m o s t m a n u f a c t u r i n g e m p l o y e e s . M o r e o v e r , t w i c e the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s e a r n e d $1 an h o u r , the new m i n i m u m w a g e , in 1958 as w e r e paid the 7 5 - cen t m i n i m u m in 1954. L ittle c h a n g e o c c u r r e d in the d is t r i b u t i o n o f e a r n in g s b e t w e e n $ 1 . 0 5 and $ 1 . 5 0 , but the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s r e c e i v i n g $ 1 . 5 0 to $ 2 an h o u r d e c r e a s e d f r o m a bou t t h r e e - e i g h t h s in 1954 to a fo u r t h in 1958, and the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g $2 o r m o r e a l m o s t d o u b le d f r o m a f o u r t h to n e a r l y a h a lf. A s a r e s u l t , e a r n in g s f o r the m i d d l e h a l f o f the p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s s h ifte d f r o m the $ 1 .3 0 to $2 r a n g e in 1954 to the $ 1 . 4 5 to $ 2 . 4 0 r a n g e in 1958, i n c r e a s i n g the span b y 2 5 c e n t s . F a c t o r y w o r k e r s 1 e a r n in g s f r o m 1954 to 1958 a l s o r o s e in e a c h o f the f o u r r e g i o n s . In s o m e r e s p e c t s , h o w e v e r , the w a g e r e l a t i o n s h i p s a m o n g the r e g io n s ch a n g e d d u rin g this p e r i o d . (See c h a r t 6 C) P a y l e v e l s i n c r e a s e d d u r in g the 4 - y e a r p e r i o d b y 2 7 cen ts in the N o r t h e a s t and the South, 32 ce n ts in the W/est, and b y 33 ce n ts in the N orth C e n t r a l. C o n s e q u e n t ly , w h ile the c e n t s - p e r - h o u r d i f f e r e n t i a l s w i d e n e d o n ly b e t w e e n the South and the l a t t e r tw o r e g i o n s , p e r c e n t a g e d i f f e r e n t i a l s n a r r o w e d s li g h t l y b e t w e e n the South and a ll o t h e r r e g i o n s . The r e s u l t s a r e ta bu lated b e l o w : A v e r a g e h ou rly e a r n in g s R egion 1954 1958 S o u t h ----------------------N o r t h e a s t --------------N o r th C e n t r a l -----— W e s t ------------------------ $ 1 .3 6 1. 67 1 .8 0 1 .9 4 $ 1 . 63 1 .9 4 2. 13 2 .2 6 In creas e 1 9 5 4 -1 9 5 8 C en ts-p erhour $ 0 .2 7 .2 7 . 33 . 32 Percent 1 9 .9 1 6 .2 18. 3 16. 5 9 The p r i n c i p a l c h a n g e s in the d is t r i b u t i o n of w a g e s in the South o c c u r r e d at the e x t r e m e ends o f the p a y s c a l e . The p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s than $1 an h o u r d e c r e a s e d f r o m 28 p e r c e n t in 1954 to 1 p e r c e n t in 1958 and th o s e at the $1 to $ 1 . 0 5 i n t e r v a l i n c r e a s e d f r o m 6 to 16 p e r c e n t . O n ly 3 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s e a r n e d $ 2 . 50 o r m o r e in the e a r l y p e r i o d c o m p a r e d with 12 p e r c e n t in the l a t e r p e r i o d . The N o r t h e a s t w h i c h f o l l o w e d the South in n u m b e r s of w o r k e r s at the l o w e r e a r n i n g s 1 l e v e l s a l s o s h o w e d a s u b s ta n tia l r e d u c t i o n in the p r o p o r t i o n of w o r k e r s e a r n in g l e s s than $ 1 ( 8 to 1 p e r c e n t ) , but the p r o p o r t i o n of w o r k e r s p aid $1 to $ 1 . 2 5 w a s a bou t the s a m e in b oth p e r i o d s . The m a j o r sh ift in e a r n ings o c c u r r e d a rou n d the n ew a v e r a g e ( $ 1 . 9 4 ) ; w h e r e a s 37 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s r e c e i v e d $ 1 . 5 0 to $2 an h o u r in 1954, o n ly 29 p e r c e n t e a r n e d that a m o u n t in 1958. C o n c u r r e n t l y , the p r o p o r t i o n of w o r k e r s e a r n in g $2 o r m o r e n e a r l y d ou b led f r o m 23 to 44 p e r c e n t . C h a n g e s in the d is t r i b u t io n of e a r n in g s in the N o rth C e n t r a l and W e s t r e g i o n s p a r a l l e l e d , f o r the m o s t p a r t , the p a tte r n d e s c r i b e d in the N o r t h e a s t , e x c e p t that the ch a n g e s w e r e m o r e p r o n o u n c e d a rou n d the $2 m a r k . The p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 1 . 5 0 to $ 2 d e c l in e d s u b s ta n tia lly ; the m a j o r i t y of w o r k e r s in b o th r e g i o n s e a r n e d at l e a s t $ 2 an h o u r ; and the p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 2 . 5 0 o r m o r e r o s e f r o m 7 to 24 p e r c e n t in the N o rth C e n t r a l and f r o m 9 to 31 p e r c e n t in the W e s t . A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s f o r w o r k e r s in d u r a b le g o o d s i n d u s t r i e s a d v a n c e d 18. 5 p e r c e n t f r o m $ 1 . 7 8 in 1954 to $ 2 . 1 1 in 1958. In n o n d u r a b le g o o d s i n d u s t r i e s , e a r n in g s a v e r a g e d $ 1 . 5 4 in 1954 and $ 1 . 7 9 in 1958, an i n c r e a s e of 16 p e r c e n t . T h u s , e a r n in g s in d u r a b le g o o d s i n d u s t r i e s i n c r e a s e d 8 cen ts m o r e than in n o n durable goods in d u strie s. In b o th i n d u s t r y g r o u p s the p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s d e c l i n e d at the l o w e r e a r n in g s l e v e l s and i n c r e a s e d at the u p p e r end o f the p a y s c a l e , but n ot in the sam e p rop ortion s. In 1954, abou t 20 p e r c e n t o f the n o n d u r a b le g o o d s w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s than $ 1 . 0 5 an h o u r c o m p a r e d w ith 9 p e r c e n t in 1958. In c o n t r a s t , o n ly 8 p e r c e n t o f the w o r k e r s in d u r a b le g o o d s e a r n e d l e s s than $ 1 . 0 5 in the e a r l y p e r i o d and a bou t 4 p e r c e n t in the l a t e r p e r i o d . On the o th e r h an d, the p r o p o r t i o n o f w o r k e r s in d u r a b l e s e a r n in g $2 o r m o r e i n c r e a s e d b y a p p r o x i m a t e l y 30 p e r c e n t a ge p o in ts b e t w e e n 1954 and 1958, a bou t tw i c e the p r o p o r t i o n in n o n d u r a b l e s . A s p a r t of a b r o a d p r o g r a m of s tu d ies in itia ted b y the U . S . D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r to s tu dy the e c o n o m i c e f f e c t s o f the $1 F e d e r a l m i n i m u m w a g e , the B u r e a u c o n d u c te d a s u r v e y o f e a r n in g s in A p r i l 1956 f o r f a c t o r y w o r k e r s in fiv e m a jo r m an ufactu rin g industry grou ps— fo o d , te x tile s, a p p a re l, fu rn itu re, and l e a t h e r . 9 T h u s , the data a r e a v a i l a b l e to p e r m i t e x a m i n a t i o n o f the c h a n g e s in w a g e s t r u c t u r e s in th e s e f i v e l o w - w a g e i n d u s t r y g r o u p s at i n t e r v a l s o f 2 y e a r s b e t w e e n 1954 and 1958. In a d d itio n , s o m e ligh t ca n b e sh ed on the tr e n d s in 9 p o r t 118, F a c t o r y W o r k e r s * E a r n in g s June 1957. in 5 In d u s tr y G r o u p s , A p r i l 1956, BLS R e 10 e a r n in g s d u r in g the 4 - y e a r p e r i o d b y the u s e of o th e r s t a t i s t i c a l data f u r n is h e d m o n t h l y b y the B u r e a u in its E m p l o y m e n t and E a r n in g s S e r i e s . 10 A m o n g the f i v e i n d u s t r y g r o u p s , a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s in A p r i l 1954 ra n g e d f r o m $ 1 .3 1 in t e x t il e s to $ 1 . 4 9 in f u r n i t u r e . W a g e a d v a n c e s d u r in g the f o l l o w in g 2 y e a r s v a r i e d f r o m 4 c e n ts in t e x t il e s to 18 c e n ts in f o o d s . Pay in crea ses w e r e g r e a t e r in the h ig h e r paid i n d u s t r y g r o u p s , and the a b s o lu t e and r e l a t i v e w a g e d i f f e r e n t i a l s w id e n e d b e t w e e n t e x t i l e s and the o th e r i n d u s t r i e s . B e t w e e n A p r i l 1956 and M a y 1958, a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s i n c r e a s e d 6 c e n ts in b o th a p p a r e l and l e a t h e r , 7 ce n ts in t e x t i l e s , 12 c e n ts in f o o d , and 15 ce n ts in f u r n i t u r e . E a r n in g s d i f f e r e n c e s b e t w e e n the l o w e r and h ig h e r p aid g r o u p s con tin u ed to w i d e n b e t w e e n 1956 and 1958. In e a c h o f the f i v e i n d u s t r y g r o u p s , s u b s ta n tia l p r o p o r t i o n s o f w o r k e r s e a r n e d l e s s than $ 1 an h o u r in 1954; 3 0 . 9 p e r c e n t in a p p a r e l , 2 6 . 1 p e r c e n t in l e a t h e r , 16. 7 p e r c e n t in f o o d , and 14. 6 p e r c e n t in t e x t il e s and in f u r n i t u r e . To g e t h e r , th e s e g r o u p s co n s titu te d t h r e e - f i f t h s o f the IV 4 m i l l i o n w o r k e r s w h o r e c e i v e d l e s s than $1 an h o u r in A p r i l 1954. B y A p r i l 1956, a s u b s ta n tia l s h ift o c c u r r e d at the l o w e r end o f the w a g e d i s t r i b u t io n in r e s p o n s e to the $ 1 m i n i m u m w a g e w h i c h had b e c o m e e f f e c t i v e the p r e v i o u s m o n th . A ll fiv e ind u stry groups s h o w e d s i g n i f i c a n t c o n c e n t r a t i o n s o f w o r k e r s e a r n in g $1 to $ 1 . 0 5 an h o u r , ra n g in g f r o m 10. 7 p e r c e n t in f o o d to 2 5 . 1 p e r c e n t in a p p a r e l . S o m e w a g e a d ju s tm e n ts a f f e c t e d e a r n in g s a b o v e $ 1 . 0 5 b e t w e e n 1954 and 1956 but o n ly in f o o d and to a l e s s e r exten t in fu r n it u r e w e r e t h e r e s ig n i f ic a n t ch a n g e s in the p r o p o r t i o n of w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 1 . 2 5 o r m o r e . B e t w e e n A p r i l 1956 and M a y 1958, s o m e m o v e m e n t o f w o r k e r s o c c u r r e d f r o m the l o w e r w a g e l e v e l s ( l e s s than $ 1 . 2 5 ) to h ig h e r w a g e l e v e l s ( $ 1 . 2 5 o r m o r e ) in a p p a r e l and l e a t h e r . T h is m o v e m e n t w a s m o r e p r o n o u n c e d in t e x t i l e s , w h e r e the p r o p o r t i o n of w o r k e r s e a r n in g $ 1 . 2 5 to $ 1. 50 i n c r e a s e d b y a bou t 5 p e r c e n ta g e p o in ts as did the p r o p o r t i o n e a r n in g f r o m $ 1 . 5 0 to $2 an h o u r . The m a j o r sh ift in f o o d and f u r n it u r e to o k p l a c e at the $2 l e v e l . The p r o p o r t i o n of w o r k e r s e a r n in g at l e a s t $2 an h o u r i n c r e a s e d f r o m 24 to 37 p e r c e n t in the f o o d g r o u p and f r o m 20 to 31 p e r c e n t in the f u r n it u r e g r o u p . (See c h a r t 7. ) 10 Th e s t r a i g h t - t i m e h o u r l y e a r n in g s a v e r a g e s in this s u r v e y d i f f e r f r o m t h o s e in the B u r e a u 's m o n t h l y h o u r s and e a r n in g s s e r i e s in w h i c h g r o s s a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s a r e p u b l is h e d . The d i f f e r e n c e s a r e l a r g e l y a c c o u n t e d f o r b y the e x c l u s i o n in the p r e s e n t stu dy o f p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and late s h if t s . In a d d itio n , e s t a b l i s h m e n t s in this s u r v e y a r e w e ig h te d in a c c o r d a n c e w ith t h e i r p r o b a b i l i t y o f s e l e c t i o n f r o m a r e g i o n a l - s i z e indu stry c la s s . Th is d i f f e r s f r o m the w e ig h tin g p a t t e r n e m p l o y e d in the m o n t h ly g r o s s a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s s e r i e s w h i c h is intended to in d i c a t e t r e n d s in e a r n ings r a t h e r than l e v e l s . In the m o n t h l y s e r i e s , data co n ta in e d in e a c h e s t a b l i s h m e n t ' s r e p o r t a r e a g g r e g a t e d into i n d u s t r y tota ls f r o m w h i c h the i n d u s t r y 's a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s a r e c a l c u l a t e d . A th ird d i f f e r e n c e b e t w e e n the two s e r i e s is that the s t r a i g h t - t i m e e a r n in g s a v e r a g e s a r e ob ta in ed f r o m in d iv id u a l e m p l o y e e s t r a i g h t - t i m e e a r n in g s w h i c h a r e s u m m e d and the to ta l then d iv id e d b y the n u m b e r o f e m p l o y e e s ; in the m o n t h l y g r o s s a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s s e r i e s , a v e r a g e s f o r an i n d u s t r y a r e o b ta in e d b y d iv id in g the a g g r e g a t e d tota l w e e k l y p a y r o l l b y the a g g r e g a t e d tota l n u m b e r of w e e k l y h o u r s . 11 The n e w F e d e r a l m i n i m u m w a g e c o n t r ib u t e d o n ly in p a r t to the r i s i n g tren d o f w a g e s in the f i v e i n d u s t r y g r o u p s b e t w e e n A p r i l 1954 and M a y 1958. The e c o n o m y , v i e w e d b r o a d l y , had b e e n o p e r a t i n g at l e s s than fu ll c a p a c i t y in 1954 and w a s r a p i d l y s h o w in g s ig n s o f r e c o v e r y in 1955. A v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n ings in t e x t i l e s , a p p a r e l , and l e a t h e r e x h ib ite d little ch a n ge b e t w e e n A p r i l 1954 and A u g u s t 1955. 11 I m m e d i a t e l y f o l l o w i n g the e n a c t m e n t o f the h ig h e r m i n i m u m w a g e , a v e r a g e s in th e s e g r o u p s b e g a n to r i s e and this r i s e con tin u ed th rou g h 1956. E a r n in g s in l e a t h e r i n c r e a s e d m o r e s h a r p l y b e t w e e n A u g u s t 1955 and M a r c h 1956 than in t e x t i l e s and a p p a r e l . W a g e s in the l a t t e r tw o in d u s t r y g r o u p s l e v e l e d o f f d u r in g 1957, r e m a i n i n g quite s ta b le th ro u g h M a y 1958, w h ile the w a g e tr e n d in l e a t h e r con tin u ed s li g h t l y u p w a r d . The f u r n it u r e g r o u p a v e r a g e s t a r t e d to s w in g u p w a r d in the s p r in g o f 1955 and con tin u ed to r i s e g r a d u a l l y th ro u g h M a y 1958. This ra te of i n c r e a s e d u r in g the i m m e d i a t e l y e f f e c t i v e p e r i o d o f the F e d e r a l m i n i m u m (A u g u st 1955— A p r i l 1956) w a s n ot s i g n i f i c a n t l y d i f f e r e n t f r o m that r e c o r d e d in l a t e r p e r i o d s . W a g e s in the f o o d g r o u p , a lth ou gh a f f e c t e d b y the s e a s o n a l in f l u e n c e o f the can n in g i n d u s t r i e s , g e n e r a l l y m o v e d u p w a r d at a s t e a d y r a te o v e r the w h o l e 4 - y e a r p e r i o d . (See c h a r t 8. ) A c o m p a r i s o n o f the g e n e r a l w a g e m o v e m e n t f r o m A p r i l 1954 to M a y 1958 in two o f the l o w - w a g e i n d u s t r y g r o u p s — t e x t i l e s and a p p a r e l — w ith two h i g h - w a g e g r o u p s — t r a n s p o r t a t i o n e q u ip m e n t and p r i m a r y m e t a l s — i n d i c a t e s : ( l ) Th e a m o u n t o f i n c r e a s e o v e r the 4 - y e a r p e r i o d w a s c o n s i d e r a b l y g r e a t e r in the h ig h e r w a g e g r o u p s than in the l o w e r w a g e g r o u p s ; (2) e x c e p t in a fe w i n s t a n c e s , the tren d lin e in the h i g h - w a g e g r o u p s m o v e d c o n t i n u o u s l y u p w a r d , w h e r e a s u p w a r d s w in g s in the l o w - w a g e g r o u p s w e r e g e n e r a l l y f o l l o w e d b y a l e v e l i n g - o f f p e r i o d ; and (3) the r i s e in e a r n in g s in the l o w - w a g e g r o u p s ca n b e a ttrib u te d in p a r t d i r e c t l y to F e d e r a l m i n i m u m w a g e l e g i s l a t i o n , w h e r e a s e a r n in g s in the h i g h - w a g e g r o u p s w e r e h a r d l y a f f e c t e d , if at a l l , b y the i n c r e a s e in the m i n i m u m w a g e . 11 E m p l o y m e n t and E a r n i n g s , B u r e a u of L a b o r S t a t i s tThe data w e r e ics, a d ju s te d to e x c l u d e p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e w o r k . 12 Chart 1. Cumulative Percentage Distributions of Production W orkers in Manufacturing Industries, by Hourly Earnings* United States and South, A pril 1954 and May 1958 Percent U e .80 nd r 1.00 1.20 1.40 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS 1.60 1.80 2.00 2.20 Hourly Earnings(ln Dollars) 2.40 2.60 2.80 3.00 *E x c lu d e s premium pay fo r overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. 13 Chart 2. Cumulative Percentage Distributions of Production W orkers in Metropolitan and Nonmetropolitan Areas, by Hourly Earningsf May 1958 Percent Chart 3. Cumulative Percentage Distributions of Production W orkers In Durable Goods and Nondurable Goods Industries, by Hourly Earnings* May 1958 Percent UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR BUREAU o f l a b o r s t a t is t ic s ♦Excludes premium pay fo r overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late sh if ts . 14 Chart 4 . Percentage of Production Workers in Component Industries of Selected Manufacturing Industry Groups Earning Less Than $1.25 an Hour* May 1958 P ercent Percent lO O F ^ OT H E R F O O D P R O D U C T S 90 B E V E R A G E IN D U S T R I E S > C ON F EC TION A R Y 0 , AND 3 R E LA T E D PRODUCTSe 80 G R A IN -M IL L PRODUCTS 70 j k^ i kV ^ , »> > *A > J * r. C *. > < ' BA K E R Y P R O D U C T S . V 60 > L 4 .< 50 40 MEAT PRODUCTS 3 0 20 ^ AN D P R E S E R V IN G , ^ f r u it s , V e g e t a b l e s , ^ £ A N D SE A FO O DS 2 /j Food U N I T E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T O F LA BOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS Apparel Leather : Hourly earnings excluding premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. Chart 5. Earnings* of Production W orkers in Manufacturing Industries, A p ril 1954 and May 1958,, Median Hourly Earnings and Middle Ranges W ithin Which One-Half of the! W o rkers Pell $ .5 0 $ 1.00 $ 1.50 $2.00 Region Year Median U N ITED S TA TE S |f|< |,'| | Northeast 1954 1958 $ 1.62 $ 1.88 -------------1 --------- South 1954 1958 $ 1.25 $ 1.43 North Central 1954 1958 $ 1.80 $2.14 W est 1954 1958 $ 2.50 -=±=l $ 1.92 $2.24 U N I T E D S T A T E S D E P A R T M E N T OF LABOR BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS r- ------------- 1” .------------ ------------ 1----------- H o u rl y earnings excluding premium pay fo r overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late s h if t s . $3.00 16 Chari 6 . Percentage of Production W orkers in Manufacturing Industries Earning Less Than Specified Amounts Per H o ur* United States and Regions, A p ril 1954 and May 1958 Percent Percent Percent Percent UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF LABOR ^Excludes premium pay for overtime and for work on weekends, holidays, and late shifts. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS * * L e s s than 0.5 percent 17 18 Chart 8. Trend of Average Hourly Earnings*in 7 Manufacturing Industry Groups A pril 1954-May 1958 Cents per Hour U N ITE D S T A T E S D E P A R TM E N T O F LA BO R bureau of labor statistics *Fro m the Bureau of Labor Statistics Employment and Earnings Series. Overtime premium payments are excluded from earnings data. 19 T A B L E 1. Number and a v erag e straigh t-tim e hourly earn in gs 1 of production w o rk ers in m anufacturing in d u stries, by sele cted c h a r a c te r istic s, United S tates and regio n s, 2 May 1958 (in thousands) West United States N ortheast South North C en tral Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage Number A verage of hourly of of of hourly hourly hourly of hourly w ork ers earn in gs w ork ers earn in gs w ork ers earn in gs w ork ers earn in gs w ork ers earn in gs Ite m 3 A ll m anufacturing D urable g o o d s4 Nondurable goods 4 M etropolitan a r e a s Nonm etropolitan a r e a s .. _ ___ ________________________ . _ Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s __ __ M etropolitan a r e a s __ _____ ___ _______ _____ N onm etropolitan a r e a s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ Food and kindred produ cts ________________________ M etropolitan a r e a s - ...................... . N onm etropolitan a r e a s ___ __ __ __ __ _____ _ _ T obacco m an ufactu res _ M etropolitan a r e a s _______ __ __ _______ __ T ex tile m ill products _ __________ ____ _____ M etropolitan a r e a s .... . N onm etropolitan a r e a s _ . A p parel and other finished textile produ cts ________ M etropolitan a r e a s N onm etropolitan a r e a s _________________________ Lum ber and wood p rodu cts (except furn iture) ___ M etropolitan a r e a s _ __ ____ _ N onm etropolitan a r e a s ............... . .............. F u rn itu re and fix tu res M etropolitan a r e a s N onm etropolitan a r e a s _ P ap er and allie d p rodu cts _________________________ M etropolitan a r e a s NonmetrODOlitan a r e a s P rin tin g, publishing, and allie d in d u stries M etropolitan a r e a s Nonm etropolitan a r e a s _ ..... C h em icals and a llie d products __ __ M etropolitan a r e a s N onm etropolitan a r e a s P rod u cts of petroleu m and coal M etropolitan a r e a s N onm etropolitan a r e a s _ ____________ __ _ Rubber produ cts ......... . M etropolitan a r e a s _ _ N onm etropolitan a r e a s ________ ____________ L eath er and leath er products _ _ M etropolitan a r e a s .............. N onm etropolitan a r e a s _ ___ Stone, clay, and g la s s produ cts .. . ........... . . . M etropolitan a r e a s N onm etropolitan a r e a s _________________________ P rim a ry m etal in d u stries _ __ _ __ __ __ M etropolitan a r e a s _ _____ _ _ _ ___________ N onm etropolitan a r e a s __ __ __ --- ----- — F a b ric a te d m etal products M etropolitan a r e a s _ __ __ _ __ __ _ __ Nonm etropolitan a r e a s M achinery (except e le c tric a l) M etropolitan a r e a s _____________________________ N onm etropolitan a r e a s __ _ _ _ __ __ __ _ E le c tr ic a l m ach in ery, equipment, and s u p p l ie s ____ M etropolitan a r e a s ________ ____ __ _ __ N onm etropolitan a r e a s _ _______ _______ ___ T ran sp ortation equipment .. _ _____ M etropolitan a r e a s __ ____ ____ __ _______ __ N onm etropolitan a r e a s _ In strum en ts and related products __ __ _____ M etropolitan a r e a s __ _______ __ ________ N onm etropolitan a r e a s ____ __ __ ___ __ M iscellan eo u s m anufacturing in d u stries M etropolitan a r e a s .................. . Nonm etropolitan a r e a s 11,245 6,269 4 ,9 7 6 $ 1.97 2. 11 1.79 3 ,9 9 4 2, 093 1,901 $ 1.94 2. 08 1.78 2 ,4 2 2 935 1,487 $ 1.63 1.74 1.56 3 ,772 2 ,5 5 0 1,222 $ 2 . 13 2 .2 1 1.96 1,056 691 365 $ 2 .2 6 2 .3 3 2. 13 7 ,8 2 0 3 ,424 2. 08 1.70 3, 096 899 1.98 1.78 1, 103 1,319 1.87 1.43 2 ,8 5 7 915 2 .2 1 1.85 765 291 2 .2 8 2 .2 1 68 35 33 978 638 340 70 64 831 355 475 985 702 283 542 134 408 283 173 111 432 260 172 540 441 99 510 364 145 157 133 24 172 133 40 302 154 148 405 224 181 840 687 153 756 628 128 1, 029 711 317 715 541 174 1,081 994 87 200 175 25 348 273 75 2 .2 8 2 .4 0 2. 16. 1.78 1.91 1.55 1.58 1.61 1.42 1.49 1.36 1.50 1.60 1.23 1.61 1.73 1.58 1.74 1.93 1.45 1.84 1.82 1.89 2 .3 1 2 .3 9 1.96 2. 17 2. 19 2. 11 2 .5 8 2 .6 0 2 .4 7 2. 17 2 .2 9 1.79 1.52 1.61 1.43 1.93 1.98 1.87 2 .4 4 2 .4 9 2 .2 1 2. 07 2. 11 1.90 2 .2 1 2 .2 9 2. 04 2. 00 2. 05 1.85 2 .3 8 2 .3 9 2. 32 2. 05 2. 10 1.70 1.68 1.69 1.66 _ 230 190 40 _ 297 206 91 569 489 80 61 25 35 74 50 23 159 110 49 208 184 24 148 128 20 _ 1.88 1.92 1.65 _ 1.55 1.56 1.54 1.63 1.67 1.36 1.54 1.72 1.41 1.86 1.98 1.62 1. 78 1.77 1.78 2 .2 7 2 .3 3 1.78 2. 09 2. 12 1.89 _ - _ - _ - - - - _ 1 .90 2. 00 1.69 _ 1.54 1.80 1.34 1.42 1.47 1.28 1.62 1.79 1.49 1.88 1.98 1.67 1. 88 1.87 1.89 2 .3 5 2 .4 4 1.98 2. 18 2 .2 1 2. 07 _ 141 88 53 53 51 177 33 144 24 22 37 24 13 35 23 12 _ 2 .0 1 2 .0 5 1.94 1.60 1.62 2 .2 5 2 .2 8 2 .2 5 2. 19 2 .2 0 2. 11 2. 08 2. 18 2 .2 9 2 .3 2 2 .2 2 - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 31 - 1.27 1.65 1.70 1.62 2 .4 4 2 .5 4 2. 13 1.83 1. 88 1. 64 1.93 1.96 1.89 - - 142 118 24 - 26 15 12 - 1.29 - 28 96 38 58 117 ' 86 31 96 76 21 77 43 34 - - - 2 .2 6 2 .2 5 2 .3 1 < - 1.56 1.87 1. 16 - - - - - - - - 85 31 54 145 81 64 363 297 66 336 270 67 552 390 162 289 235 53 519 496 23 57 49 8 97 75 22 1.49 1.67 1.38 1.96 2. 03 1.88 2 .4 5 2 .5 0 2 .2 4 2. 11 2. 14 1.97 2 .2 9 2 .3 8 2. 10 2. 05 2. 10 1.82 2 .3 9 2 .4 0 2. 18 2. 04 2. 08 1.78 1.77 1. 83 1.55 - - - - - 1.57 1.59 1.53 2 .0 2 1.97 2. 11 2 .4 2 2 .4 5 2. 19 2. 03 2. 06 1. 84 2. 12 2 .2 0 1.95 1.96 2. 00 1. 87 2 .3 8 2 .3 8 2 .4 2 2. 09 2. 13 1.75 1. 64 1.59 1.85 - - - 179 113 66 126 78 48 299 256 43 256 222 34 343 232 110 352 239 112 228 188 39 122 109 14 208 166 41 376 256 121 _ 32 14 18 129 94 34 72 31 41 94 64 30 131 81 49 201 162 39 140 108 32 - - - - - 1.37 1.56 1.22 1.65 1.70 1.32 1.35 1.32 1. 19 1.28 1. 15 1. 14 1.27 1. 12 1.39 1.62 1.23 1. 82 1.68 1.91 2. 05 2. 17 1.76 2 .2 1 2 .2 4 2. 16 229 104 126 50 46 496 131 365 233 67 166 232 44 188 91 36 55 104 44 60 82 59 23 186 105 81 - - - - - - - 2 .4 4 2 .4 8 2 .3 1 2 .3 5 2 .3 7 2 .2 1 2 .3 6 2 .3 2 2 .5 6 - 61 48 13 67 60 7 56 46 10 - 192 192 - " - 2 .4 4 2 .4 4 - - - 1 E x clu d es p rem ium pay for overtim e and for work on w eekends, holidays, and late sh ifts. 2 The region s used in th is study include: N o r t h e a s t _________ Connecticut, M aine, M a ssa c h u se tts, New H am pshire, New J e r s e y , New Y ork, P en n sylvan ia, Rhode Islan d, and Verm ont; S o u th ____________ _ A labam a, A rk a n sa s, D elaw are, D istric t of C olum bia, F lo rid a , G eo rgia, Kentucky,' L o u isian a, M aryland, M ississip p i, North C aro lin a, O klahoma, South C aro lin a, T en n esse e, T e x a s, V irgin ia, and West V irgin ia; North C e n t r a l _____ Illin o is, Indiana, Iowa, K a n sa s, M ichigan, M innesota, M isso u ri, N eb rask a, North D akota, Ohio, South D akota, and W isconsin; and, W e s t ______________ A rizon a, C alifo rn ia , C olorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New M exico, O regon, Utah, W ashington, and Wyoming. 3 The scope of the in dustry groups studied (in the o rd er liste d ) are in dustry groups 19 through 39 a s defined in. Vol. 1, P a r t 1, of the Standard In d u strial C la ssific a tio n M anual (Novem ber 1945 edition) p rep ared by the B u reau of the Budget. Standard m etropolitan a r e a s , a s defined by the B u reau of the Budget, a re a r e a s containing at le a st 1 cen tral city of 50, 000 population and including additional a r e a s around such c itie s if they m eet ce rtain c rite r ia of being m etropolitan in c h arac ter and econom ically in tegrated with the cen tral city. 4 D urable goods include: Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s ; lum ber and wood p rodu cts (except furn iture); furniture and fix tu re s; stone, clay, and g la s s produ cts; p rim ary m etal in d u strie s; fab ric ated m etal products (except ordnance, m ach in ery, and tran spo rtatio n equipment); m achinery (except e le c tric a l); e le c tric a l m ach in ery, equipm ent, and su p p lies; tran spo rtatio n equipment; p ro fe ssio n al, sc ien tific, and con trollin g in stru m en ts; photographic and op tical goods; w atches and clo ck s; and m iscellan eo u s m anufacturing in d u stries a s defined. Nondurable goods include: Food and kindred produ cts; tobacco m an ufactu res; textile m ill p rodu cts; ap p a rel and other finished textile p rodu cts; paper and allie d p rodu cts; printing, publishing, and allied ' in d u stries; ch em icals and allied pro du cts; products of petroleum and coal; rubber p rodu cts; and leath er and leath er p rodu cts. NOTE: D ash es indicate no data rep orted or data that do not m eet publication c r ite r ia . 20 T A B L E 2. E stim a te d d istribu tio n of production w o rk e rs in m anufacturing in d u strie s, by a v era g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e a rn in g s,1 United S ta te s and r e g io n s ,2 M ay 1958 (in thousands) North C en tral United S ta te s N o rth east South W est Num ber C um ulative N um ber Cum ulative Num ber Cum ulative Num ber Cum ulative Num ber C um ulative num ber of num ber of num ber of num ber of of num ber of of of of of w ork ers w o rk ers w o rk e rs w o rk ers w o rk ers w ork ers w o rk e rs. w ork ers w ork ers w o rk e rs A v erage hourly e arn in gs 1 (in cen ts) 35 35 5 5 22 22 7 7 628 228 324 266 276 663 891 1 ,215 1,480 1 ,7 5 6 138 77 115 143 392 145 117 114 81 34 57 43 50 88 122 335 435 541 414 525 671 788 901 272 5 1 3 0 ---1 3 5 ___ 1 4 0 ___ 1 4 5 ___ 1 5 0 ___ 333 237 251 236 224 2 ,0 8 9 2 ,3 2 6 2 ,5 7 7 2 ,8 1 3 3 ,0 3 7 141 104 115 106 92 683 787 1,021 1,097 1,171 1,232 1,290 59 48 53 59 64 331 379 432 491 555 14 1,007 1,0 9 9 119 77 74 61 58 under under under under under 1 6 0 ___ 1 7 0 ___ 1 8 0 ___ 1 9 0 ___ 200 ___ 539 531 577 586 559 3 ,5 7 6 4, 107 4 ,6 8 5 5,2 7 0 5 ,8 2 9 243 223 245 228 206 1,342 1,565 1,810 2 ,0 3 9 2 ,2 4 5 118 107 106 79 78 1 ,409 1,515 1,621 1,701 1,778 148 169 187 230 213 703 872 1,059 1,2 8 9 1,502 31 32 39 48 62 123 155 194 242 304 under under 220 and under 230 and under 240 and under 2 1 0 ___ 220 ____ 230 ___ 240 ___ 250 ___ 691 645 664 653 522 6,5 2 0 7,1 6 6 7 ,8 2 9 8 ,482 9 ,0 0 4 254 207 2 ,4 9 9 2 ,7 0 6 71 160 182 3 ,1 0 8 3 ,2 6 8 76 70 62 1,849 1,915 1,992 2 ,062 2 ,1 2 4 270 281 278 328 223 1,772 2 ,0 5 2 2,331 2 ,6 5 8 2,8 8 1 97 91 89 73 78 401 492 580 653 731 250 2 60 270 280 290 2 60 2 70 280 290 300 ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 437 392 289 262 217 9,441 9,833 150 125 94 84 62 3 ,4 1 8 3 ,5 4 4 3 ,6 3 7 3,721 3 ,783 55 47 38 39 40 2 ,1 7 9 2 ,2 2 6 2 ,2 6 5 2 ,3 0 4 2,3 4 3 174 146 3 ,0 5 5 3 ,200 3,312 3 ,420 3 ,5 0 9 58 74 45 31 26 789 862 908 939 965 300 and over ____ __ 644 Under 1 0 0 ........................ 100 105 110 115 120 and and and and and under under under under under 1 0 5 ___ 1 1 0 ___ 1 1 5 ___ 1 2 0 ___ 1 2 5 ___ 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under and and and and 190 and 150 160 .170 180 200 and 210 and and and and and and under under under under under N um ber of w o rk ers (in thousands) ---A verage hourly e arn in gs 1 ---- ---- 1 2 10,122 1 0,384 10,601 220 100 107 902 2,926 220 211 111 66 79 179 222 112 108 89 263 1 18 24 30 36 42 6 7 6 55 63 73 82 92 8 9 1 0 1 0 91 1 ,2 4 5 1 „ 3, 994 2, 422 3, 772 1, 056 $ 1 .9 7 $1..9 4 $ 1 .6 3 $2:. 13 $ 2 .2 6 E xclu d e s prem ium pay fo r o v ertim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h o lid a y s, and late sh ifts. See footnote 2 , table 1 for listin g of S ta te s included in re g io n s. NO TE: B e c au se of rounding, sum s of individual ite m s m ay not n e c e s s a r ily equal to ta ls. 1 17 21 T A B L E 3. E stim a te d p ercen tage d istrib u tio n of production w o rk e rs in m an ufacturing in d u strie s, by a v era g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e arn in g s, 1 United States and re g io n s, 2 M ay 1958 A v erag e hourly earn in g s 1 (in cen ts) South North C e n tral W est United S ta te s N ortheast P erc e n t C um ulative P erce n t Cum ulative P erce n t C um ulative P erce n t C um ulative P erce n t C um ulative of p ercen t of p ercen t of of p ercent of p ercen t of of p ercent of of of w o rk e rs w o rk e rs w o rk e rs w o rk e rs w o rk e rs w o rk e rs w o rk e rs w o rk e rs w o rk e rs w o rk e rs 0. 1 0 .9 0 .9 0 .2 0 .2 0. 1 5 .9 7 .9 5 .6 • 0. 1 3 .5 1.9 2 .9 2 .5 2 .7 3 .6 5 .5 8 .4 10.9 13.6 16.2 4. 6 6. 0 4 .8 4 .7 17. 1 2 1 .7 2 7 .7 3 2 .5 37 .2 2. 1 2 .3 3 .2 4 .7 5 .9 7 .2 1 .6 1.7 .5 2 .2 .6 2 .9 3 .4 3 .9 17. 1 19.7 2 2 .6 42. 1 4 5 .3 4 8 .3 5 0 .9 5 3 .3 8. 8 10 . 0 2 .9 4 .9 3 .2 3. 0 2 .5 2 .4 1.3 2 .6 1.7 11.4 13. 0 14.7 3 .9 4 .5 5 .0 6. 1 5 .7 18. 6 23. 1 28. 1 3 4 .2 3 9 .8 2 .9 3. 0 3 .7 4 .5 5 .9 100 105 110 115 120 and and and and and under under under under under 1 0 5 ______ 1 1 0 ______ 1 1 5 ______ 120 ______ 1 2 5 ______ 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 130 _______ 135 __ _ 140 ______ 145 150 ______ 2. 1 2 .2 2. 1 2. 0 18.6 2 0 .7 2 2 .9 25. 0 27. 0 and and and and 190 and under under under under under 160 __ _ _ 170 1 8 0 ______ 190 ______ 200 ______ 4 .8 4 .7 5. 1 5 .2 5. 0 3 1 .8 3 6 .5 4 1 .7 4 6 .9 51. 8 6. 1 150 160 170 180 2 0 0 and under 210 ______ 2 1 0 and under 220 ___ 220 and under 230 ______ 230 and under 240 ______ 240 and under 250 ____ _ 250 260 270 280 290 and and and and and under under under under under 260 270 280 290 300 300 and ov er ______ ______ ____ _ _ __ _ ______ __ __ ___ 2 .0 / 0. 1 0 .3 0 .3 Under 100 . 1 0 .8 2 .9 2 .4 2 .5 13.2 15.6 3. 0 3 .5 .9 1.5 1. 1 1.3 1 .6 1.3 1.4 .5 .5 5 .2 6. 0 6 .9 7 .8 .8 .9 .9 3 .9 3 .5 2 5 .2 2 7 .5 6. 1 5. 6 6. 1 5 .7 5 .2 33 .6 3 9 .2 4 5 .3 51. 0 5 6 .2 4 .9 4 .4 4 .4 3 .3 3 .2 5 8 .2 6 2 .6 6 6 .9 7 0 .2 7 3 .4 58. 0 6 3 .7 6 9 .6 7 5 .4 80. 1 6 .3 5 .2 5 .5 4 .6 4. 0 6 2 .6 67. 8 73 .3 7 7 .8 8 1 .8 2 .9 2 .7 3. 1 2 .9 2. 6 76 .3 79. 1 82 .2 85. 1 87 .7 7 .2 7 .4 7 .4 8.7 5 .9 47. 0 5 4 .4 61. 8 7 0 .5 7 6 .4 9 .2 8 .4 6 .9 7 .3 38. 0 4 6 .6 55. 0 6 1 .9 6 9 .2 84. 0 8 7 .4 5 .7 5 .9 5 .8 4 .6 2 .6 3 .8 3. 1 2 .3 2. 1 2 .3 1.9 90. 0 9 1 .9 9 3 .5 95. 1 9 6 .7 4 .6 3 .9 3. 0 2 .9 2 .4 81. 0 8 4 .8 8 7 .8 9 0 .7 93. 0 5 .5 7. 0 4 .3 3. 0 2 .5 7 4 .7 8 1 .7 86. 0 88 .9 9 1 .4 90. 0 2 .6 2 .3 1.9 9 2 .3 9 4 .3 2 .3 ' 1 .6 5 .3 5 .7 8 5 .6 88 .7 91. 1 9 3 .2 9 4 .7 1 .6 1 .6 1. 6 3. 3 1 .6 7. 0 1. 0 8 .8 1 1 .6 14.7 18.4 2 2 .9 2 8 .8 8 .6 8 .6 100 . 0 100 . 0 100 . 0 1 00 . 0 100. 0 Num ber of w o rk e rs (in thousands) ____________ 11 , 245 3, 994 2 ,4 2 2 3, 772 1, 056 A v e rag e hourly earn in g s 1 __ $ 1 .9 7 $ 1.94 $ 1.63 $ 2 . 13 $ 2 .2 6 T o tal .................. ______ 1 E x c lu d e s p rem ium pay for o v ertim e and fo r work on w eekends, h olid ays, and late sh ifts. 2 See footnote 2, table 1 fo r listin g of S ta te s included in reg io n s. NOTE: B e c au se of rounding, su m s of individual ite m s m ay not n e c e s sa r ily equal 100. 22 T A B L E 4. E stim a ted p ercen tage d istribu tio n of production w o rk e rs in m anufacturing in d u strie s, by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e arn in g s, 1 fo r m etrop olitan and nonm etropolitan a r e a , United S ta te s and re g io n s, * May 1958 A v erage hourly e arn in gs 1 (in cen ts) United S ta te s M etro politan Noiim etro politan N o rth east M e tro politan South Nodm etro politan M e tro p olitan North C en tral No'nm e tro p olitan M e tro p olitan Noilm e tr o politan W est M e tro politan Nonm etro politan Under 1 0 0 ---------------- 0. 1 0. 7 0. 1 0. 1 0 .4 1.3 0. 1 0 .6 0. 1 0 .3 100 105 110 115 120 and and and and and under under under voider voider 105----110 ---1 1 5 ---1 2 0 ---1 2 5 ---- 3. 1 1 .3 2. 1 11.3 3. 6 4. 8 3. 7 3. 7 3 .3 4. 1 2 .4 3. 1 2 .9 3. 6 8 .3 2 2 .8 6. 1 8. 0 6. 1 1 .1 5 .3 3. 1 2 .3 2 .3 1 .9 .4 .7 .6 .6 .8 .5 .4 .3 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 1 3 0 ---1 3 5 ---140 ---145 ---150 ---- 2 .4 1. 7 1 .9 2. 6 2 .3 2 .4 2. 8 2. 6 1 .2 .8 1 .0 1 .1 1 .1 1 .6 .6 and and and and 190 and under under under under under 160 ---1 7 0 ---1 8 0 ---190 ---200 ---- 5. 5 5. 6 2 .4 2 .4 3 .5 4. 5 9. 1 150 160 170 180 1 .8 1 .9 1 .8 2. 8 2 .4 2 .4 1 .8 1 .8 4. 1 3. 0 2 .9 2. 7 2 .5 3. 3 2 .4 2 .0 4. 5 4. 6 5. 0 5 .3 4. 8 5 .4 5. 0 5 .4 5. 1 5. 3 5. 7 5 .2 5 .8 5. 5 4 .9 6 .3 5. 7 4 .9 4. 3 3 .4 2. 6 4. 5 3. 5 3. 7 3. 6 3 .2 2 .8 3. 6 3 .4 3. 6 4 .2 .5 1 .0 .8 5. 6 1 .0 5. 5 3. 7 3 .2 2. 5 1 .1 1 .2 1 .2 .9 2 .1 .8 2 .6 2 .8 2 .6 2. 6 2 .2 1 .4 7.2 6. 5 6. 0 5. 1 4 .9 4. 7 4 .0 3 .8 4. 4. 4. 2. 2. 3 .4 4. 1 4 .6 5. 7 5 .2 6 .0 7 .4 7 .0 3. 1 3 .3 3. 8 4. 6 4. 6 6 .4 5 .4 5 .9 4 .9 4 .3 6. 3 4. 6 4. 1 3. 3 2. 8 4 .3 3. 6 4 .3 4. 5 3 .9 1 .8 2 .0 2 .2 1 .6 7. 0 7. 6 7.9 9 .9 6. 7 7. 7 7. 0 5. 6 4 .8 3 .4 6 .9 7.3 7 .4 6 .9 8. 6 15.2 11.9 2. 6 2. 3 1 .3 .9 .9 3. 6 3 .0 2 .3 2. 6 1 .2 1 .1 1 .0 3 .0 2 .8 .8 .7 5. 1 4 .4 3 .3 3 .4 2 .9 1.3 .8 5. 8 8 .3 4. 7 3. 1 2. 8 4 .5 3 .4 3. 3 2. 5 1 .7 2. 6 2 .4 7 .4 6. 8 7 0 1 7 7 .5 .6 .5 20 0 and voider 2 1 0 ---210 and voider 220 ---220 and voider 230 ---230 and under 240 ---240 and voider 250 ---- 6 .9 5. 5 250 2 60 270 280 290 ---------------- 4. 6 4 .2 3. 0 2 .9 2 .4 2 .3 1 .9 1 .5 .9 4. 1 3 .4 2. 7 2. 4 1. 7 300 and over ------------ 7. 3 2 .2 6. 1 2 .4 6 .0 1 .0 8 .4 2. 6 9 .4 6. 5 T otal -------------- and and and and and under under voider under under 260 2 70 280 290 300 6. 1 6. 6 1. 1 1 .5 2. 1 1 .8 1 1 .0 7: 0 4 .2 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 100. 0 N um ber of w o rk ers (in thousands ) -------- 7, 821 3 ,4 2 4 3, 096 899 1, 103 1,319 2 ,8 5 7 915 765 291 A v erag e hourly earn in gs 1 ------------- $ 2 .0 8 $ 1 .7 0 $ 1 .9 8 $ 1 .7 8 $ 1 .8 7 $ 1 .4 3 $ 2 .2 1 $ 1 .8 5 $ 2 .2 8 $ 2 .2 1 1 E xclu des prem ium pay fo r o vertim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ay s, and late sh ifts. 2 See footnote 2, table 1 fo r listin g of S ta te s included in reg io n s. NOTE: B e c au se of rounding, sum s of individual item s m ay not n e c e s sa r ily equal 100 23 T A B L E 5. E stim a te d d istribu tion of production w o rk e rs in durable and nondurable good s1 m anufacturing in d u strie s, by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e a r n in g s ,2 United S ta te s and r e g io n s ,3 M ay 1958 (in thousands) A v erag e hourly e a rn in g s2 (in cents) Under 100 United S tate s D urable goods N ortheast South Nondurable D urable Nondurable D urable goods goods goods goods North C en tral W est N ondurable D urable Nondurable D urable Nondurable goods goods goods goods goods 6 29 1 4 4 18 100 105 110 115 120 and and and and and under under under under under 105 ____ 110 ___ 1 1 5 ____ 120 ____ 125 ____ 215 62 92 73 73 413 26 18 30 112 58 85 74 79 165 35 45 31 24 227 77 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 130_____ 135 ____ 140 145 _ _ 150 111 222 97 36 84 28 66 16 61 22 71 65 58 19 17 17 54 44 41 28 34 34 31 26 25 25 29 150 and under 160 ____ 137 114 118 39 40 36 37 39 80 67 70 43 38 88 60 152 133 78 80 32 45 40 36 47 44 37 31 31 29 26 25 184 208 223 277 181 86 72 63 69 54 62 21 22 22 39 37 32 24 21 166 232 193 203 26 28 7 100 86 90 1 1 58 ( 4) 23 9 14 15 1 1 2 1 1 16 3 10 6 26 42 28 30 20 5 4 5 4 159 156 141 134 45 38 44 41 34 170 and under 1 8 0 ____ 180 and under 190 190 and under 200 244 264 311 347 342 295 267 266 238 217 106 109 127 127 125 200 and under 210 210 and under 220 ___ 220 and under 230 ____ 2 30 and under 240 240 and under 250 ____ 461 444 490 503 397 230 166 88 201 138 151 128 117 69 69 53 42 250 260 270 280 290 320 290 191 178 142 116 102 99 84 75 109 97 64 56 43 41 29 30 28 19 34 25 17 15 12 24 28 135 108 80 84 69 19 15 14 15 9 7 354 290 100 111 31 48 172 91 51 40 Num ber of w o rk e rs (in thousands) ______ 6 ,2 6 9 4 ,9 7 6 2 ,0 9 3 1,901 935 1,487 2 ,550 1 ,2 2 2 691 365 A v erag e hourly e a r n in g s2 ___________ r 2. ii $ 1 .7 9 $ 2 .0 8 $ 1 .7 8 $ 1.74 $ 1 .5 6 $2 .2 1 $ 1 .9 6 $ 2 .3 3 $2 . 13 160 and under 170 ____ and and and and and under under under under under 260 270 280 ____ 290 ____ 300 300 and over 78 95 95 90 174 150 125 102 82 103 67 126 61 73 55 51 42 3 See footnote 4 , table 1 fo r listin g of durable and nondurable goods m an ufacturing in d u strie s. 2 E xclu d es prem ium pay for o vertim e and for w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late sh ifts. 3 See footnote 2, table 1 for listin g of S ta te s included in re g io n s. 4 L e s s than 500 w o rk e rs. NOTE: B e c au se of rounding, sum s of individual ite m s m ay not n e c e s sa r ily equal totals 2 4 4 4 12 12 22 43 60 30 22 5 6 6 18 20 18 16 17 25 28 20 19 16 24 E stim a te d p ercen tage distribu tio n of production w o rk e rs in durable and nondurable good s1 m anufacturing in d u strie s, by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e a r n in g s ,2 United S ta te s and r e g io n s ,3 M ay 1958 A v e rag e hourly e a r n in g s2 (in cents) United S ta te s D urable goods N o rth east South Nondurable D urable Nondurable D urable goods goods goods goods North C en tral W est N ondurable D urable Nondurable D urable Nondurable goods goods goods goods goods Under 100 ____________ 0. 1 0 .6 ( 4) 0 .2 0 .4 1 .2 ( 4) 0 .6 0 .1 0 .2 100 105 110 115 120 and and and and and under under under under under 1 0 5 ____ 1 1 0 ____ 1 1 5 ____ 120 ____ 125 ____ 3 .4 8 .3 3 .3 4 .7 3 .9 4. 1 1.3 .9 1 .4 5 .9 3. 1 4 .5 3.9 4 .2 17.6 3.7 4 .8 3 .3 2 .5 15.3 5 .2 6 .7 5 .8 6. 1 0 .9 .3 4 .7 2. 1 3.5 2. 3 2 .4 .2 4 .3 1.3 .2 1 .1 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 130 ____ 1 3 5 ____ 140 ____ 1 4 5 ____ 1 5 0 ____ 4 .5 3 .2 3. 1 .5 .3 2 .9 .6 2 .8 1.9 5 .6 4. 1 3.6 3.0 2 .5 1 .8 2. 1 3 .8 1.7 1. 1 1.5 1.5 1 .4 1.5 150 160 170 180 190 and and and and and under under under under under 160 ____ 1 7 0 ____ 1 8 0 ____ 190 ____ 200 3 .9 4 .2 5 .0 5 .5 5 .5 5 .9 5 .4 5 .4 4 .8 4 .4 7 .4 7. 1 7 .8 1 .0 1.5 1 .2 1 .2 1 .8 1 .2 2 .7 2 30 and under 240 ____ 240 and under 250 ____ 8 .0 6 .3 4 .6 4 .0 3 .5 3 .0 2 .5 250 260 270 280 290 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 5 .1 4. 6 3 .0 2 .0 2 .0 2 .3 300 and o v e r _________ 200 and under 210 ____ 210 and under 220 ____ 220 and under 230 ____ and and and and and under under under under under 260 270 280 290 300 1 .2 1 .3 2 .3 1 .6 5 .1 5 .2 6. 1 6. 1 6 .0 7 .9 6 .6 7 .2 6 .1 5 .6 5 .1 3.5 3 .7 3 .4 3 .0 7 .2 6 .0 6 .2 5 .3 4 .3 4 .6 3 .6 3 .7 2 .8 2 .2 2. 1 1 .8 1.9. 2 .8 4. 1 4 .2 3.9 3 .9 4 .2 5 .3 4 .5 4 .7 2 .9 1.7 3. 1 4 .6 6 .5 5 .0 5 .5 4 .9 4 .4 4 .7 7. 1 5 .9 4 .5 4. 1 3 .4 10.5 9. 1 9 .9 7 .8 8 .9 6 .7 7 .7 5 .5 5 .3 4 .3 6 .2 4. 1 3 .7 4 .2 2 .4 6 .0 3.6 2 .7 1.4 1.5 1.5 1. 0 5 .6 5 .8 4 .8 5 .8 1.5 1.7 1 .8 8 .2 8 .8 1.7 1.5 2 .8 .6 4 .9 5 .4 5 .0 6 .3 6 .5 5 .2 1 .8 1 .6 1 .2 1.5 1 .6 2 .4 3 .4 4 .0 4 .9 2. 1 2. 1 2 .0 1 .8 2 .2 1 .2 1.3 2. 1 2. 1 2. 1 2 .6 1.7 .1 .4 .i .9 1. 1 1.3 1.4 4 .3 3.8 5 .0 4 .7 3.9 5 .2 4 .6 3 .0 2 .7 2. 1 2 .3 .6 .6 .8 7 .2 10.9 7. 1 .5 1 .6 1 .6 2 .6 1.9 5 .3 4 .3 3. 1 3 .3 2 .7 2 .8 2 .0 3 .3 3 .2 6 .7 7 .5 7 .4 10.9 1 .6 3 .2 3 .0 1.9 1.7 8 .7 4 .4 3 .3 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 Number of w o rk e rs (in thousands) 6 ,2 6 9 4 ,9 7 6 2 ,0 9 3 1,901 935 1,487 2 ,550 1 ,2 2 2 691 365 A v erag e hourly e a rn in g s2 ___________ $ 2 .1 1 $ 1 .7 9 $ 2 .0 8 $ 1.78 $ 1 .7 4 $ 1.56 $ 2 .2 1 $ 1 .9 6 $ 2 .3 3 $ 2 .1 3 T o t a l _________ _ 1 2 3 4 See footnote 4 , table 1 for listin g of durable and nondurable goods m anufacturing in d u strie s. E x c lu d e s prem ium pay for o v ertim e and for w ork on w eekends, h olid ay s, and late sh ifts. See footnote 2 , table 1 for listin g of S tates included in re g io n s. L e s s than 0 .0 5 p ercen t. 25 TABLE! 7. E stim a te d p ercen tage d istribu tio n of production w o rk e rs in se le c te d m anufacturing in du stry g r o u p s ,1 by a v era g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e a r n in g s ,2 United S ta te s and r e g io n s ,3 M ay 1958 A v erag e hourly earn in gs 2 (in cents) Under 100 and and and and and under unde r under under under 1 0 5 ___ 1 1 0 ___ 1 1 5 ___ 120 ___ 1 2 5 ___ 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 1 3 0 ___ 1 3 5 ___ 1 4 0 ___ 1 4 5 ___ 1 5 0 ___ 150 160 170 180 190 and and and and and under under under under under 1 6 0 ___ 1 7 0 ___ 1 8 0 ___ 1 9 0 ___ 200 ___ 200 and under 2 1 0 ___ 210 and under 220 ___ 220 and under 230 ___ 230 and under 240 ___ 240 and under 250 ___ and and and and and under under under under under 260 270 280 290 300 ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 300 and o v e r _________ T otal 1. 6 - 100 105 110 115 120 250 260 270 280 290 Ordnance and Food and kindred products acce s s o r ie s United United N orth North South S ta te s S ta te s east C e n tral __ N um ber of w o rk ers (in thousands) ____ A v erag e hourly earn in gs 2 __ _ _ _ 0. 1 10 . 2 5. 0 6. 1 0. 4 0. 2 0. 2 (4) 0. 2 0. 3 5 0 6 9 7 6. 8 6. 1 2. 8 7. 1 4. 9 6. 9 8. 0 8 .9 4. 8 2. 8 3. 3 5. 1 5.9 8. 2 6. 1 11 . 6 6. 1 4 7 7 8. 7. 6. 4. 5. 2 0 2 9 1 6. 7 6. 2 6. 5 9. 6. 6. 2. 1. 0 4 4 8 8 10. 7 7. 7 8. 3 5. 7 3. 6 8. 1 5. 7 5. 3 . 9 .5 5. 5. 4. 4. 4. 2 3 9 3 5 3. 0 3. 4. 3. 1. 1. 8 7 1 8 5 4. 2. 2. 2. 2. 4 0 7 0 4 4. 2. 3. 2. 1. 6 5 1 2 9 2. 0 1. 8 1. 8 1. 7 2. 3 3. 1. 1. 1. 2. 8 6 0 7 7 6. 7 6. 5 4. 3. 3. 2. 2. 3 3 8 9 3 3. 5. 4. 6. 9. 7 8 2 2 0 8. 8 6. 1 2. 2. 2. 2. 1. 5 1 3 3 9 10. 9. 5. 4. 3. . 9 7 6 2 1 2. 3. 2. 1. . 6. 7 4 2 5 0 4. 7 4. 0 2. 7 5. 5 4. 3 2. 7 13. 5. 5. 3. 4. 3 0 1 5 5 2. 4 2. 5 1. 9 1. 0 .7 2. 7 1. 7 1. 2 .9 .4 . . . . North C en tral 5. 2. . . . 4 0 3 9 2 7. 9. 7. 6. South 0. 2 7 4 7 7 7. 7 7. 8 7. 1 N orth e a st 4 6 3 3 4 7. 5 2. 7 2 .2 4. 3 6. 0 7. 7 United S ta te s South 0. 9 4. 5. 5. 5. 6. .7 1. 0 .9 30. 2 4. 6 6. 9 4. 0 4 .4 T extile m ill products 3 4. 2. 3. 2. 2. 2. 1. 1. 3. 2. 3. 2. 2. 1. 2. (4) 1. 1 7 3 9 1 9 United S ta te s West 2. 3. 2. 2. - .1 .4 .6 3. 5. 3. 3. 7 2 2 4 3 3. 2. 3. 3. 5. 6 4 1 7 9 5. 7. 5. 5. 7. 5 3 1 7 2 8. 12. 8. 10 . 8. 5 3 8 9 9 8. 14. 11. 14. 11. 3 3 3 5 8 3 7 3 5 0 5. 7. 5. 5. 2. 9 3 5 3 9 2. 0 2. 0 2. 2. 1. 1. 1. 5 3 7 7 4 5 7 4 1 7 4. 3. 3. 2. 2. 1 3 7 6 4 . . . . . E 1. 4 1. 3 1. 1 6 5 1 2 1 4. 7 2. 7 4. 1 .4 2. 3 5. 5 .2 100 . 0 10 0 . 0 100 . 0 10 0 . 0 100. 0 1 00 . 0 100 . 0 68 978 230 229 376 141 70 $ 2 . 28 $ 1. 78 $ 1 . 88 $ 1 . 37 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 . 01 $1. 58 See footnotes at end of table, 0. 4 Tobacco m anuf ac tur e s 5. 2 1. 7 2. 0 2. 6 1. 7 2. 0 1. 9 2. 3 .7 .6 .1 .1 .1 5. 3 5. 7 10 . 0 11 . 1 9. 2 5. 2 4. 9 5. 6 9. 7. 6. 4. 4. 5. 1 4. 7 4. 4 4. 1 4 .9 4 8 2 8 7 1. 2 1. 0 2. 0 .4 .5 1. 7 .7 1. 0 .4 .3 .3 .2 .1 .4 .3 .2 .1 .1 .9 .6 .4 .2 .1 .1 .1 (4). .1 (4) 1. 5 1. 1 .9 1. 0 .3 (4) .5 1. 1 .l .5 100 . 0 100 . 0 1 00 . 0 100. 0 50 831 297 496 32 $1. 65 $ 1.42 $1. 55 $1. 32 $ 1. 54 .2 1 0 0 .0 26 TABJLE 7. E stim a te d p ercen tage d istribu tio n of production w o rk e rs in se le c te d m anufacturing in du stry g ro u p s,1 by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e arn in g s, 2 United S ta te s and re g io n s, 3 M ay 1958—Continued A v e rag e hourly e arn in g s 2 (in cen ts) L um ber and wood p rodu cts A p p arel and other fin ished produ cts United State s N orth e ast South North C e n tral W est United S ta te s N orth e ast South North C e n tra l W est 0 .7 0 .4 1.7 0 .6 0 .3 0 .4 (4 ) 0 .8 0 .3 0 .2 100 105 110 115 120 and and and and and under under under under under 105 „ 110 1 1 5 _______ 1 2 0 _______ 1 2 5 _______ 16.3 6. 0 9 .0 6. 1 6. 1 8 .8 14.2 5. 1 11.4 11 . 0 6 .6 6 .6 6 .6 3 .4 4 .4 5. 1 4. 1 25. 0 4 .2 5 4 .2 7 .5 11 . 0 4 .9 6 .2 37.. 1 10.3 11 . 1 7 .5 5. 8 7 .8 3 .4 3. 1 3. 1 5 .3 (4 ) (4 ) (4 ) .1 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 130 _______ 135 _______ 140 145 150 _______ 6 .2 5. 0 3 .6 3. 1 2 .3 1.9 6 .7 5 .3 4. 3 3 .5 3. 1 5 .5 4 .3 4 .6 3. 1 3. 1 4 .4 4 .2 4. 0 3 .6 2 .7 6 .7 4. 1 4 .3 4 .2 2 .9 4. 1 3. 0 3.7 3 .9 6 .3 .2 .8 .2 .6 150 160 170 180 190 and and and and and under under under under under 160 17 0 _ _ _ 1 8 0 _______ 190 _______ 200 _______ 5 .9 4 .4 4. 0 3 .3 6 .4 5. 0 4. 8 3 .9 3. 1 6 .9 4 .8 4 .2 3 .7 10 . 1 8. 1 2 0 0 and under 210 2 1 0 and under 220 _______ 2 .7 1.9 Under 100 _______________ 220 and under 230 _______ 230 and under 240 240 and under 250 _______ 250 260 27 0 280 290 and and and and and under under under under under 260 270 _______ 280 290 _______ 300 • ____ 2 .2 4 .7 7 .9 5 .5 2 .6 3 .4 2 .4 1 .6 1. 1 1. 0 2. 1 1 .2 1 .6 1. 0 1 .2 1. 0 .7 .8 ,6 .4 1.5 1.3 .7 1 .8 1.4 1. 0 .7 .8 .5 .3 .2 . 1 .2 .1 .1 (4 ) (4 ) 2 .2 5 .7 5 .2 4 .2 3. 1 1. 8 1.3 .9 .8 3. 7 2 .7 .9 .4 .3 2 .4 .5 .9 .3 1 .8 1. 1 .9 6 .0 3 .2 2 .2 4 .6 8. 0 5 .7 4 .4 5 .5 1. 1 1.3 1 .4 5 .2 3 .2 1.5 1 .2 4 .5 2 .9 2 .7 3 .7 5. 1 11.4 6 .9 5 .3 5 .8 2. 1 2. 8 7 .3 4 .9 4 .6 3 .2 1. 8 3 .2 1. 8 1 .2 1 .8 1 .2 1 .8 1. 1 1 .2 .1 .2 .9 .5 1.5 .4 .4 .7 1.4 2 .8 1.7 .2 2 .2 12. 1 2 .6 .9 1. 1 .8 .6 1.4 1.3 1. 1 .5 .8 .5 .4 .1 .1 13.3 9 .6 6 .8 5 .2 3 .4 3 .2 2 .0 .2 .3 .9 .8 1.9 5 .6 12.9 18. 8 13.3 1.7 2 .9 1.3 1 2 .2 8. 0 .1 (4 ) .3 .2 2 .5 .3 .1 1.7 3 .9 2 .3 3 .3 1.4 .2 .2 .6 4. 6 3 .3 5 .2 .2 .8 3 .3 1.9 7. 0 100 . 0 100 . 0 100 . 0 100 . 0 100 . 0 1 00 . 0 100 . 0 100. 0 1 00 . 0 1 00 . 0 N um ber of w o rk e rs (in thousands) _____________ 985 569 233 129 53 542 61 232 72 177 A v erag e hourly earn in g s 2_______________ $ 1. 50 $ 1.63 $ 1. 19 $ 1.42 $ 1.60 $ 1. 61 $ 1.54 $ 1. 14 $ 1.62 $ 2 .2 5 300 and over ______ ____ T o tal ____________ See footnotes at end of table .2 27 T A B L E 7. E stim a te d p ercen tag e d istribu tio n of production w o rk e rs in se le c te d m anufacturing in du stry g ro u p s,1 by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e arn in g s, 2 United S ta te s and reg io n s, 3 M ay 1958— Continued F u rn itu re and fix tu res A v erage hourly e a r n in g s 2 (in cen ts) Under 100 United State s ... r 1 N orth east 0. 1 and and and and and under under under under under 105 ____ 1 1 0 ___ 115 ___ 1 2 0 ___ 1 2 5 ___ 6 .4 4. 0 4 .7 3 .6 3 .6 2 .8 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 1 3 0 ___ 135 ___ 140 ___ 1 4 5 ___ 1 5 0 ___ 4 .6 3 .5 3 .3 3 .7 4 .4 3 .7 3. 1 5 .3 2 .6 2 .8 150 160 170 180 190 and and and and and under under under under under 160 1 7 0 ___ 180 r_, 1 9 0 ___ 200 ___ 6 .2 6. 0 2 0 0 and under 2 1 0 ___ 2 1 0 and under 220 ___ 220 and under 230 ___ 230 and under 240 ___ 240 and under 250 ___ 250 260 270 280 290 and and and and and 2 .8 1.9 2 .0 3 .8 2 .5 6 .6 6 .5 5 .4 6 .4 4. 1 5 .5 5 .2 5. 1 4 .4 3 .6 1 .6 1. 1 1 .6 7. 1 4. 3 4 .6 3 .6 2 .9 3 .4 3 .3 2 .9 3. 0 2 .7 .8 1 .2 1. 0 2 .8 5. 5 3 .6 2 .4 6 .9 7 .8 5 .5 6 .7 9 .5 12.4 1 .6 9 .2 7. 1 6 .5 9 .5 9 .0 6 .3 5 .8 6. 0 5 .4 4 .2 9 .4 4. 8 7 .3 4. 5 4 .2 2 .9 .8 3 .6 3 .9 3. 0 2. 0 2 .4 1.5 1.5 .8 3 .4 1. 0 .4 1.5 1.4 8 .6 2 .4 3 .3 1 .6 2 .2 .8 1 .8 1 .2 300 and ov er 3 .5 4 .6 2. 1 2. 0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 100 . 0 283 74 $ 1.74 $ 1.86 _________ Num ber of w o rk e rs (in th o u sa n d s)_______ A v erag e hourly earn in g s 2 _ ___ 1.3 1.3 See footnotes at end of table United State s (4 ) ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 260 270 280 290 300 W est 16.6 9 .7 9 .9 7 .7 7. 1 _____ _ under under under under under T o ta l 4 .8 4. 0 5. 0 3 .6 North C e n tral 0 .4 100 105 110 115 120 5 .6 6. 1 4 .7 South P ap e r and a llie d p rodu cts 1.7 North e ast (4 ) 0 .4 .1 .4 South 1.3 1.4 .8 .6 1.5 .2 1 .2 2 .8 2 .0 .7 1.7 1.5 1.3 1.4 2. 8 2 .2 4 .2 2 .4 .5 6 .6 2 .6 1.9 2 .7 2 .7 1 1 .6 9 .9 8. 0 6. 0 4 .5 3. 1 W est (*) 0.9 .8 North C e n tra l 0 .6 3 .3 0 .4 .5 .6 .7 1.3 1.3 1. 6 3. 0 2. 1 2 .9 1.4 .4 .4 .4 1.3 . 1 .1 3 .4 3 .9 3 .5 2 .6 2. 1 9 .3 11.9 12.9 11.3 9 .4 4 .9 8. 1 14.5 10.3 10.7 11 . 1 5 .2 5. 1 3 .9 3 .2 2. 8 9 .3 5 .9 4 .2 3. 1 3. 0 20. 1 1.9 3 .2 2 .4 2. 0 6. 1 4 .7 4. 1 2 .2 2 .6 1.7 1.7 1.3 .7 1.9 6. 1 9 .5 15.6 11.5 1 .8 .8 2 .9 3 .4 9 .4 2 .6 3 .9 15.3 8 .8 7 .4 4 .6 .4 .2 1.7 1.3 2 .7 .7 .3 11. 7 1.7 1. 3 1 .2 1 .6 5. 1 1 0 0 .0 1 00 . 0 100 . 0 100. 0 100 . 0 100 . 0 100 . 0 91 94 24 432 159 104 131 37 $ 1.39 $ 1.88 $ 2 . 19 $ 1.84 $ 1.78 $ 1.82 $ 1. 88 $ 2 . 11 .9 .3 .2 .8 .1 1 .8 1 .6 1.3 1. 1 1.3 .6 .6 .4 1. 1 .7 .5 .5 1 .6 .8 28 T A B L E 7. E stim a te d p ercen tage d istribu tio n of production w ork ers in se le c te d m anufacturing in du stry grou p s,1 by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e a r n in g s ,2 United S ta te s and r e g io n s ,3 M ay 1958— Continued A v erage hourly e arn in g s * (in cen ts) P rin tin g , publishing, and allie d in d u strie s United S ta te s N orth east South C h em icals and a llie d products North C en tral United State 8 0. 6 Under 100 100 105 110 115 120 and and and and and under under under under under 1 0 5 ___ 1 1 0 ___ 1 1 5 ___ 1 2 0 ___ 1 2 5 ___ 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 1 3 0 ___ 1 3 5 ___ 1 4 0 ___ 1 4 5 ___ 1 5 0 ___ 150 and 160 and 170 and 180 and 190 and under unde r under under under 0. 1 0. 6 1 .2 (4) 4. 1 1. 5 4 .9 7 .0 3 .0 3 .1 1 .9 2. 6 3 .4 1. 1 1 .4 N orth e ast 2 .2 1 .6 2 .2 2. 7 2 .0 .4 1. 6 1 .6 1 .9 2 .4 2 .1 1 .7 3 .2 1. 7 1 .9 3. 6 1 .9 4 .5 2 .6 2 .2 .9 1 .9 1.3 1 .5 1 .6 2 .5 3 .2 1 .8 1 .4 .9 .7 2 .7 1 .1 1 .8 1 .7 North C en tral W est 0. 1 2 .2 .7 1.3 1 .4 1. 1 1 .2 South 6 .6 2 .2 1 .1 1 .4 (4 ) _ .2 1 .7 2 .3 .4 1 .2 .6 - 1 .5 .8 .6 .5 .3 .4 .9 .7 .3 1 .0 .6 .7 .2 2 .2 1 .7 1 .7 1 .9 1. 1 2 .2 1.3 1.3 1 6 0 ___ 1 7 0 ___ 1 8 0 ___ 1 9 0 ___ 200 ___ 5 .4 4 .3 3 .8 3. 6 2 .4 5. 5 3 .8 3 .8 3 .8 2 .4 7 .0 3 .8 2 .7 2. 7 1 .9 5 .3 5 .0 4. 5 4 .2 2 .7 3 .8 3 .9 3 .9 4 .5 5 .9 5 .4 4 .8 4 .2 4 .2 7.3 1 .8 2 .8 3 .4 3 .9 4 .3 4. 7 4. 7 4 .3 5 .9 7. 5 4 .1 2 .3 3 .3 3 .8 200 and under 2 1 0 ___ 210 and under 220 ___ 4. 1 2. 9 2. 6 3. 7 4 .8 2 .7 3 .2 2. 8 2. 5 3 .8 2 .7 6 .1 7 .0 2 .2 2 .2 2 .2 8 .1 8 .8 10. 6 8 .2 4. 6 5. 7 5.1 4 .3 4 .9 7 .0 7 .2 9 .3 9.1 8 .4 6 .3 13. 6 9 .6 3 .2 3. 8 4. 1 3 .2 3. 7 3 .3 3 .1 3 .4 4 .4 5 .4 4 .7 3 .3 4 .4 4.44 .0 4 .3 2 .8 5 .6 5 .2 9 .1 4 .0 5 .2 5 .4 2 .5 2 .4 220 and under 230 230 and under 240 ___ 240 and under 250 ___ 2 .8 2. 6 2 .5 3 .2 2 .9 2 .8 7. 5 7 .3 6 .9 6 .9 1 .4 1 .7 0 .2 .2 2 .6 1 2 .8 1 1 .8 ___ ___ ___ 3 .0 3 .0 3 .7 4 .6 3 .5 2. 7 2 .3 3 .9 5 .8 4 .2 300 and ov er ________ 25. 5 21. 1 14. 9 2 8 .4 6 .4 4 .1 1 0 .0 4 .6 3 .6 T o t a l __________ 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 ioo.o 100.0 100.0 100.0 1 0 0 .0 100.0 N um ber of w o rk ers (in thousands) ______ 540 208 82 201 510 148 186 140 35 A verage hourly e arn in g s 2 __________ $ 2 .3 1 $ 2 .2 7 $ 2 .0 5 $ 2 .3 5 $ 2 .1 7 $ 2 .0 9 $ 2 .2 1 $ 2 .1 8 $ 2 .2 9 250 2 60 2 70 280 290 and and and and and under under under under tinder 2 60 2 70 280 2 90 300 ___ See footnotes at end of table 6 .1 3 .2 1 .9 1 .1 6 .2 * 6 .7 7. 1 4. 5 3 .3 1 .6 29 T A B L E 7. E stim a te d p ercen tage d istribu tio n of production w o rk ers in se le c te d m anufacturing in du stry groups,1 by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e a r n in g s ,2 United S ta te s and r e g io n s ,3 May 1958— Continued A verage hourly e arn in gs * (in cents) Under 100 --------------100 105 110 115 120 and and and and and under tinder under under under 1 0 5 ___ 1 1 0 ___ 1 1 5 ___ 1 2 0 ___ 1 2 5 ___ 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under tinder under under 1 3 0 ___ 1 3 5 ___ 1 4 0 ___ 1 4 5 ___ 1 5 0 ___ 150 and 160 and 170 and 180 and 190 and tinder tinder under tinder under 1 6 0 ___ 1 7 0 ___ 1 8 0 ___ 1 9 0 ___ 200 ___ 200 and under 2 1 0 ___ 210 and tinder 220 ___ 220 and under 230 ___ 230 and under 240 ___ 240 and under 250 ___ 250 260 270 280 290 and and and and and under tinder tinder tinder tinder 260 2 70 280 2 90 300 P ro d u c ts of Rubber p etroleum products and co al United S ta te s United S ta te s Stone, c la y , and g la s s products L eath e r and leath er products United S ta te s N orth e a st South North C en tral United S ta te s 0. 1 (4) 0 .3 0 .2 0 .3 0 .4 0 .5 .2 1. 7 1 4.0 6 .4 7 .4 5 .3 4. 7 12. 1 2 9 .5 7. 9 7 .4 6 .4 5 .8 13.1 6 .3 7 .0 5 .4 4 .9 1 .8 5 .3 4 .4 4 .0 3 .5 3 .3 5. 5 4 .3 3. 8 3 .5 4 .8 3. 6 5. 1 5 .0 4 .0 3 .5 4 .5 7 .4 5 .4 4. 8 4. 6 3 .2 7. 6 5 .4 4. 6 4 .5 3 .0 7 .4 5. 5 5.2 5. 1 3 .8 5. 6 7. 6 9 .7 10. 9 8. 6 3. 1 2 .4 2. 1 1. 6 3. 5 2 .3 2. 1 1 .7 1 .4 1. 1 .8 .6 2. 9 7 .4 2 .2 1 .6 1 .1 5. 1 4 .3 3 .3 1 .9 .3 .1 .1 .8 .5 .5 .3 2 .9 2 .3 1 .4 1. 1 .2 1 .1 N orth east .1 (4) .1 .2 .7 .2 .1 .2 .3 .8 .9 .8 1 .8 2 .5 1 .4 1. 1 1 .4 1 .0 1 .0 2 .2 5. 1 3. 6 5 .0 5 .3 1 .9 6 .2 5 .4 5 .2 5 .9 5 .8 6 .6 6 .2 .6 .6 8 .4 6. 3 7. 1 6 .9 1 .2 6 .4 7 .8 5 .2 4 .4 2 .8 6 .0 3. 7 3 .4 6 .0 4. 8 3 .2 2 .0 1.3 .4 .3 3. 1 North C en tral 1 .9 0 .3 .2 .9 1.3 1. 5 1 .4 1.3 2. 6 2 .3 1 .9 2. 1 2 .4 1 .9 2 .8 1. 6 6 .6 South .1 .6 1 .9 1.3 (4 ) 5. 3. 3. 5. 3. 9 5 5 1 6 0 .7 6 .9 3 .1 5 .0 4 .0 2 .9 .6 - 1.0 .2 .4 .7 .8 1 .9 2 .3 6 .2 6. 5 6. 8 11.5 17 .5 11.3 9 .9 6 .4 5 .8 4 .6 3 .2 4. 7 4. 1 3. 5 3 .0 1 .7 7 .4 8 .4 4 .8 4 .5 2. 6 4 .3 3. 3 1. 8 .9 1 .4 .7 .7 .3 .3 .1 2. 7 4 .8 8 .8 10 .4 8 .4 8 .9 6 .6 8. 7 5. 6. 5. 7 ___ 8. 8 ___ ___ ___ 8 .4 9 .4 9 .4 300 and over ________ 17.0 9 .9 1 .7 2. 5 .2 .5 3. 8 4 .9 2. 6 2 .7 T otal _________ 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 Num ber of w ork ers (in thousands) ------- 157 172 302 179 31 85 405 126 96 145 A verage hourly e arn in g s2 ___________ $ 2 . 58 $ 2 .1 7 $ 1 .5 2 $ 1 .5 7 $ 1 .2 9 $ 1 .4 9 $ 1 .9 3 $ 2 .0 2 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .9 6 6. 7 See footnotes at end of table 7 .2 3 .9 3 .3 2. 9 2 .4 1 .4 .8 .7 .6 .4 1. 1 .9 .9 .6 (4 ) 1 .8 1 .4 1 .0 .5 30 T A B L E 7. E stim a te d p ercen tage d istribu tio n of production w o rk e rs in se le c te d m anufacturing in dustry g rou p s,1 by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e a r n in g s ,2 United S ta te s and r e g io n s ,3 M ay 1958— Continued A v e rag e hourly e arn in gs 2 (in ce n ts) P r im a r y m etal in d u strie s United S ta te s N orth east Under 100 ---------------- (4) and and and and and under under under under under 1 0 5 ----1 1 0 ----1 1 5 ----120 ----1 2 5 ----- 0. 1 0. 1 (4) - .2 .3 .1 .1 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 130 ----1 3 5 ----1 4 0 ----1 4 5 --- — 150 ----- .3 .3 .3 .3 .4 .1 .4 .5 .3 .5 and and and and 190 and under under under under under 160 ----1 7 0 ----180 ----190 ----200 ----- 1. 0 1. 8 2. 8 2 .0 2 .2 2. 6 3 .9 4 .2 3 .9 4. 6 2 0 0 and under 210 2 1 0 and under 220 220 and under 230 230 and under 240 240 and under 250 --------------------- 9 .6 5 .4 8. 5 7 .4 7. 8 9. 7 4. 8 2 50 2 60 2 70 280 290 --------------------- 8. 1 1 1 .0 North C en tral W est 0. 1 _ (4) 100 105 110 115 120 South F a b ric a te d m eta l products 150 160 170 180 and and and and and under under under under under 260 2 70 280 290 300 .2 .1 4. 8 6. 0 4. 5 8 .0 7 .2 7 .9 7. 6 1 1 .0 4. 5 6. 0 4. 5 United S ta te s N orth east South North C en tral W est (4) (4) 0. 1 .2 .3 .7 .3 .2 .2 1 .4 .6 .9 .4 1.9 4 .2 2 .0 .8 - .1 .1 - 1 .2 .2 - .4 .3 0. 7 - 1 .4 2 .0 1 .8 .2 - 2. 7 2. 5 2 .0 2. 1 .8 1 .0 1 .1 2 .2 2 .9 2. 8 3 .0 .9 .9 " 1. 8 2 .2 2. 1 _ (4) 2 .3 1. 8 2. 6 4. 6 5. 6 6. 7 6 .4 6. 3 5. 6 6. 8 7.9 5. 8 6. 1 4. 8 8. 1 4. 6 6 .4 6. 1 3 .9 4 .9 7.2 7. 5 7. 1 4. 1 1. 5 2 .9 2. 8 3 .4 1 0 .2 9. 1 8 .9 7. 1 5. 8 5 .2 9 .6 8. 5 7. 3 5 .3 5 .0 7.3 4. 7 10. 1 6 .8 6 .9 5.2 3. 7 2 .9 1. 6 1.9 4 .9 2. 7 3. 1 1 .5 .4 .3 .3 1 .7 4. 0 4. 1 5. 5 .6 1. 7 2. 7 4 .3 3. 6 7 .9 5. 1 7 .9 7. 0 7. 1 10. 1 4 .3 6. 7 4. 5 8. 1 2. 1 2. 5 - .1 .4 8 .2 12. 0 (4) 0 .3 .4 .4 . 1. 5 1. 1 1 .4 .5 .8 5 .3 8 .2 7 .4 7 .4 8 .2 10. 7 5.2 6 .2 4. 8 - 9 .5 12.9 8. 5 1 1 .7 9 .6 10. 6 4 .0 3 .9 3 .4 .8 2 .2 1 .0 2 .0 0. 6 .2 9 .3 3. 7 6. 5 6 .6 2 .9 5. 3. 2. 1. 1 .8 1.3 .5 1. 8 5. 1 7 1 7 6 2 .2 0 .3 .1 .3 .4 .5 .5 9 .3 10. 1 7. 3 6 .9 3 .9 7. 0 12. 7 5. 3 3 .2 4 .3 11. 1 1 0.9 11.3 1 1 .6 8 .2 4. 8 3. 6 1 .8 5. 6 9 .4 100. 0 100 . 0 100. 0 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 100. 0 Num ber of w o rk ers (in th o u san d s) --------- 840 299 117 363 61 756 256 96 336 67 A v erag e hourly e arn in g s2 ----------- ---- $ 2 .4 4 $2. 42 $ 2 .4 4 $ 2 .4 5 $ 2 .4 4 $ 2 .0 7 $ 2 .0 3 $ 1 .8 3 $ 2 .1 1 $ 2 .3 5 300 and o v e r ------------T o t a l --------------- See footnotes at end of table 31 T A B L E 7. E stim a ted p e rce n tag e distribu tion of production w o rk e rs in selecte d m an ufacturing in du stry g ro u p s ,1 by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e a rn in g s , 2 United S ta te s and r e g io n s , 3 M ay 1958— Continued A v erag e hourly earn ings 2 (in cents) Under 100 --- --------- United S tate s N orth e a st (4) and and and and and under tinder under under under 1 0 5 ---110 ---115 ---1 2 0 ---125 ---- 0 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 130 135 140 145 150 ---------------- .8 .7 .9 1. 1 .9 1 .3 1 .5 under 1 6 0 ---under 170 ---under 180 ---under 190 ---under 2 0 0 ---- 3. 7 4. 0 5. 3 6. 7 6 .4 4 .9 4. 5 6. 5 7. 6 7. 7 ---------------- 7. 6 9. 1 9. 0 8.3 6. 0 8. 8 8.8 8.2 260 ---2 70 ---280 ---2 9 0 ---300 ---- 5. 8 4. 4 3. 8 3. 0 2 .4 5. 1 4. 0 3. 6 2 .4 300 and over ----------- 7. 3 2 0 0 and under 2 1 0 2 1 0 and under 2 2 0 220 and under 230 230 and under 240 240 and under 250 2 50 2 60 2 70 280 290 and and and and and under under under under under Total -------------Num ber of w o rk ers (in th o u san d s) -------A v erage hourly earn ings 2 -------------- .8 .3 .5 .4 .7 1. 7 .7 1.2 1.2 7. 1 5 .4 W est (4) .6 .3 .6 .7 .8 .9 0 North C en tral 0.8 .2 1.6 .9 1 .5 2 .9 1 .3 2. 5 2. 1 2.-4 .4 .4 .5 .8 .6 8.0 2. 5 3 .4 4. 4 5.9 5.2 6.9 8. 1 9. 7 9 .6 5. 8 6. 7 4. 7 5. 8 3. 5 N orth e a st North C en tral (4) (4) (4) (4) 0.2 0. 3 .4 .5 .9 0. 1 .1 .3 _ .4 .2 .6 United S tate s (4) .1 0 .3 .3 .4 .7 .3 .6 .8 1. 7 1. 8 2. 1 1.8 .5 .4 1 .5 2 2 2 .9 .6 .8 2 .4 2. 5 3. 3 3 .2 2 .9 3. 3 3. 5 5. 1 5.2 7.2 7.9 8. 1 7. 1 7.2 6 .9 7. 8 8.8 7.9 7. 6 7 .4 9 .8 10. 1 9. 5 6. 6 5. 6 7. 3 9 .0 7 .4 7 .4 7.3 7. 1 6. 1 5. 0 4. 6 6 7. 1 .5 5. 6 4. 6 4 .2 8. 0 6. 8 5. 6 6.0 11.3 3 .9 2.6 2. 5 3. 7 4. 1 3 .2 2. 5 2 .4 1.5 2.2 1.0 1.5 2.8 1.9 .1 2 7. 6 8. 6 7. 0 6. 6 6. 7 7. 4 5. 0 1.8 3. 8 2. 7 3. 0 1. 7 .8 4. 3 4. 0 3. 3 2 .9 4. 5 1. 7 9 .9 6. 8 3 .9 3 .0 4 .9 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 1,029 343 77 552 56 715 3 52 289 $ 1 .9 3 $ 2 .2 9 $2. 36 $2 . 0 0 $ 1 .9 6 $2. 05 $2 . 2 1 See footnotes a t end of table, South (4) 100 105 110 115 120 150 and 1 6 0 and 170 and 180 and 1 9 0 and E le c tr ic a l m ach in ery, < equipment, and su p p lies M achinery (except e le c tr ic a l) $2 . 12 11.0 4. 3 4 .9 3. 7 2.2 1.5 2.2 2. 5 2. 1 1.3 32 T A B L E 7. E stim a ted p e rce n tag e d istribu tio n of production w o rk e rs in selecte d m anufacturing in du stry g ro u p s ,1 by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e a r n in g s ,* United S ta te s and re g io n s , 3 M ay 1958— Continued A v erag e hourly e arn in gs * (in c e n ts )' Under 100 - United S tate s - (4 ) 100 105 110 115 120 and and and and and under under under under under 1 0 5 --1 1 0 --1 1 5 --1 2 0 --125 --- 0. 1 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 1 3 0 --1 3 5 --1 4 0 --1 4 5 --1 5 0 --- . . 150 and under and under 170 and under 180 and under 190 and under 1 6 0 --1 7 0 --1 8 0 --1 9 0 --2 0 0 --- 160 2 0 0 and under 2 1 0 2 1 0 and under 2 2 0 220 and under 230 230 and under 240 240 and under 250 2 50 260 2 70 2 80 290 and and and and and under under under under under ----------- (4) .1 .2 .2 1 1 .2 .4 .4 .8 1. 1 1 .5 2.6 3. 3 5 .9 8. 3 12. 5 19. 0 13. 6 260 --2 70 --280 --2 9 0 --300 --- 6. 5 6 .4 4. 1 4 .4 3. 5 300 and o v e r ----------T o t a l -------- ---- 4. 8 100. 0 Northeast South (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) . . .4 W est (4) 0. 7 (4) .6 North C en tral 0 1.2 1 .3 1 1 .2 .2 .2 .6 (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) .1 .2 1. 1 .5 .4 .7 1 .5 1. 7 2. 7 4. 0 .8 3 .2 3. 0 3. 6 4 .2 .6 .6 1 .4 1 .9 2.6 4 .2 7 .4 4. 8 8. 7 13. 7 2 6 .6 13. 7 8. 3 8. 8 12. 1 12.2 12. 7 2 12. 1 14. 7 10. 6 1 0.3 7. 8 4. 7 4. 5 3 .4 10.2 3. (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) 0 .1 .2 .7 3. 3 3. 6 7. 1 7. 6 10.2 10. 0 1 6 .4 2.2 2. 1 3. 8 3. 5 3 .0 4 .9 4. 0 7 15.0 5 .9 4. 6 2 .9 4. 6 5 .0 5. 100. 0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 6 3 .4 4. 6 ’ United S tate s N orth ’ North east C e n tral 1 United N orthS ta te s east . North C e n tral 1 6. 6 (4) (4) 0 0.2 (4) (4) 1.2 1. 1 1.6 1.2 1. 1 .6 1. 0 .8 1.8 8 .4 3. 7 5. 7 4 .3 3 .4 7.2 4 .0 6. 7 4 .3 3 .5 29. 5 5 .8 5. 7 3 .9 3 .4 6.6 2. 6 1 .4 1 .4 1 .4 1.9 5. 8 3 .8 4 .2 3. 1 2. 7 5. 8 3 .9 4. 5 3 .6 .1 2 .4 2.8 1.6 2.2 6. 7 4. 1 4. 7 4 .2 2 .9 5. 6 5. 1 3. 8 6.2 .9 1 .9 1 .4 2.0 .8 1.0 1.8 1 .7 1.9 1 .7 2.0 1.6 1.8 2.0 1 .5 1.9 2.2 4 .9 5. 5 6. 1 6. 5 5. 1 4. 8 5. 1 6.0 8. 1 6.2 6.2 6 .5 7. 7 7.2 9 .2 7. 0 6. 1 4. 8 7. 7 7. 5 6 .5 5. 3 3. 7 7.8 5. 5 9 .2 14.3 6. 7 5. 8 4. 1 2.6 2. 1 1.6 5 .3 5 .4 3 .0 2 .5 2.0 4 .4 2. 6 1. 8 1 .5 4. 5 4 .9 4 .2 100.0 100.0 4 .9 4 .3 1.0 1 South (4) 0. 1 .3 .9 M isce llan e o u s m an ufacturin g in d u strie s In strum en ts and re late d produ cts T ran sp o rtatio n equipm ent 7 .4 6. 0 6. 5 5. 6 2 .4 8. 6 6. 1 3. 9 6 .9 5 .9 4. 1 4. 3 2. 7 4 .0 2 .4 4. 6 2. 5 4. 6 2. 7 1.8 .1 1 .3 1.0 .8 .6 2 .5 .5 4. 2 2.0 2. 7 3 .0 5 .0 3 .5 5. 7 5 .8 5 .9 3. 8 1.6 3. 1 1. 1 2 .3 .1 .8 2.6 1. 6 .9 3 .6 1.2 1.2 1 .4 .4 .3 .4 .4 3. 5 3 .4 3 .4 2. 6 1. 5 .5 .6 6. 7 8 2 .2 10.0 100. 0 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 Num ber of w o rk ers (in th o u sa n d s)------- 1, 081 228 142 519 192 200 122 57 348 208 26 97 A v e rag e hourly earn in gs * ------------- $ 2 .3 8 $ 2. 38 $ 2 .2 6 $ 2 .3 9 $ 2 .4 4 $ 2 .0 5 $ 2 . 09 $ 2 .0 4 $1.68 $ 1 .6 4 $ 1 .5 6 $ 1 .7 7 1 S e e fo o tn ote 3, ta b le 1. * 3 4 E xclu d es prem ium pay fo r o vertim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late sh ifts. See footnote 2, table 1 fo r listin g of S ta te s included in reg io n s. L e s s than 0 .0 5 p ercen t. NO TE: B e c au se of rounding, su m s of individual item s m ay not n e c e s s a r ily equal 100. 33 TA BLE S .I .C . code a 19 20 201 203 204 2 05 207 208 209 21 211 212 22 222 223 224 225 226 23 231 232 233 234 236 238 239 24 242 243 244 249 25 251 26 261 267 2 69 27 2 71 2 75 28 281 282 283 288 289 29 291 30 301 309 8. .A verage stra ig h t-tim e h ourly e arn in gs 1 and p e rce n ta g e s of production w o rk e rs earn ing le s s than sp ec ified am ounts, selecte d in d u strie s, United S ta te s, M ay 1958 Industry group Ordnance and a c c e s s o r i e s ---------------Food and kindred p ro du cts 3 -------------M eat p r o d u c t s ---------------------------Canning and p re se rv in g fr u its , v e g eta b le s, and s e a f o o d s ----------G rain -m ill pro du cts -------------------B a k ery produ cts -----------------------C on fectionery and related produ cts --------------------------------B e v e ra g e in d u strie s -------------------M iscellan eo u s food p rep a ra tio n s and kindred produ cts ----------------T obacco m an u factu res 3 — --------------C ig a re tte s -------------------------------C ig a rs -------------- ----------------------T extile m ill produ cts 3 --------------------Y arn and thread m ills (cotton, wool, silk , and synthetic fib e r ) --Broadw oven fa b ric m ills (cotton, wool, silk , and synthetic fib e r ) --N arrow fa b r ic s and other s m a llw a res m ills (cotton, wool, silk , and synthetic f i b e r ) -----------Knitting m ills ---------------------------Dyeing and finishing te x tile s (except knit goods) -------------------A p p arel and other finished p ro d u c ts3— M e n 's, you ths', and boys ' s u its, c o a ts, and o v e r c o a t s -------M e n 's, youths', and boys ' fu rn ish in gs, w ork clothing, and a llie d garm en ts -----------------W omen's and m i s s e s ' outerw ear — W om en's, m i s s e s ', c h ild re n 's, and in fants'u nd er g a r m e n t s -------C h ild ren 's and in fan ts' o uterw ear — M iscellan eo u s a p p a re l and a c c e s s o r ie s ----------------------------M isce llan e o u s fa b ric ate d textile produ cts ---------- ------------Lum ber and wood produ cts 3 -------------S aw m ills and planing m i lls -----------M illw ork, plywood, and p r e fa b ric ate d stru c tu ra l wood produ cts -------------------------------Wooden con tain ers ---------------------M isce llan e o u s wood p r o d u c t s -------F u rn itu re and fix tu res 3 ------------------Household fu rn iture -------------------P ap e r and a llie d produ cts 3 -------------P ulp, p ap e r, and p ap erbo ard m ills ------------------------------------P ap e rb o ard con tain ers and boxes — Pulp goods and m isc e lla n eo u s converted p ap er pro du cts ----------P rin tin g, publishing, and a llie d in d u strie s 3 -------------------------N ew sp ap ers -----------------------C o m m erc ia l p r in t in g ------------------C h em icals and a llie d produ cts 3 -------In d u strial in organic ch em icals ----In d u strial o rgan ic c h e m ic a ls -------D rugs and m ed icin es -----------------V egetable and an im al o ils and fa ts ------------------------------M isce llan e o u s c h e m ic als, in cluding in d u strial chem ical produ cts and p rep a ra tio n s --------P ro d u cts of petroleum and coal 3 -----P etro leu m refining --------------------Rubber produ cts 3 --------------------------T ir e s and inner tubes -----------------Rubber in d u strie s, not e ls e where c la ss ifie d ----------------- See footnotes a t end of table. Number A verage of w o rk ers hourly e a rn in g s 1 $ 1 .0 5 (in thou san d s) P erce n t of w o rk e rs under— $1. 10 0. 1 14. 5 $ 1 .1 5 9 78 239 $ 2 .2 8 1. 78 1 .9 7 0. 1 11.9 7. 8 10. 8 18 .0 14.5 141 78 164 1.49 1. 71 1. 75 2 4 .2 13. 5 7. 1 29. 1 18.9 8. 1 22.1 10. 1 68 0.2 3 3 .0 $1.20 $ 1 .2 5 $ 1 .3 5 $ 1 .5 0 1.2 0.6 20. 7 16. 0 2 3 .4 1 7 .4 2 .4 2 8 .8 1 9 .8 5 .0 35 .2 2 2 .5 3 7 .4 2 5 .0 1 2 .4 4 1 .9 26. 7 15.9 48.1 2 9 .4 2 2 .4 5 4 .8 32. 7 31. 1 1. 55 . 12 2 11.0 9. 6 15.0 10. 3 2 1 .4 11 .4 25. 112 6 11.8 30. 8 1 3 .4 37. 18. 8 1 51.2 22. 7 95 70 31 27 831 1. 64 1. 58 1.84 1.33 1.42 14. 0 7.2 16. 5 10.9 21.6 16. 1 2 6 .3 19.2 - - .2 2 9 .0 22. 7 .3 4 2 .0 3 6 .0 37 .3 28. 7 .7 54. 8 51.3 45. 8 4 1 .3 2.8 78.9 67. 5 86.0 57 12.3 7. 3 12. 1 (4) 26. 3 19. 0 24. 19.3 3 4 .0 2 7. 1 36. 8 50. 1 68. . 6 3 3 .9 52. 1 70. 1 33.2 2 8 .9 4 0 .4 3 5 .0 4 6 .9 46. 6 5 9 .4 6 1 .8 71.4 2 .3 23. 0 4 .9 32 .0 9. 1 38.1 13 .0 4 4 .2 23. 54. 8 6 4 4 .9 64.9 7. 1 10. 0 14. 7 17. 8 20.8 28. 6 39 .9 1 .2 7 1.64 29. 6 10.9 37.2 15.4 48. 0 2 3 .2 54. 5 2 9 .9 61.1 3 6 .5 71.6 46. 7 8 1 .3 56. 6 1.42 1.40 11.9 17.2 2 0 .9 2 5 .8 30. 7 38. 3 3 8 .0 44. 5 4 5 .9 5 0 .8 57. 5 64 .9 6 9 .4 74. 1 98 1 .2 8 6.2 14. 1 366 1.3 8 2 .4 6.1 13.3 22 23 183 1.49 1.39 7.9 17. 8 13. 5 25. 3 22.0 72 985 1. 56 1. 50 1. 1 17.0 93 1. 76 277 292 97 62 8 7 48 1.45 17.2 22.2 3 2 .4 40. 1 4 4 .9 55.2 66.2 97 542 280 1.45 1.61 1.52 16.2 25. 5 3 6 .0 2 1 .3 29. 7 40. 5 3 0 .6 ' 35. 7 4 6 .2 3 5 .4 38 .9 48. 6 41. 0 41. 1 50.2 51.2 4 6 .6 55.0 62.9 51 .2 57. 6 102 1.8 4 1.3 6 1.40 1. 74 1.64 1.8 4 7. 0 29. 0 17.2 6. 5 7.9 .9 9 .0 37. 1 2 6 .3 10. 5 12.9 11.6 41 45 283 208 432 13. 6 45. 8 4 1 .2 18.9 2 3 .3 4 .2 15.5 52.2 4 5 .8 2 2 .5 27. 7 2 0 .9 57. 6 5 5 .4 30. 6 36 .9 10 .4 2 7.9 63.2 6 7 .4 4 0 .2 47. 7 18. 7 218 116 1.96 1. 76 . 1 1.6 .1 3. 1 5 .8 4. 5 2 9 .3 48 1.68 2 3. 6. 1 540 157 176 510 67 188 58 2. 31 2 .4 4 2 .2 3 2. 17 2 .4 0 2 .4 2 1.99 23 1.59 63 157 .0 4. 7 7. 0 3. 1 3. 5 .1 2 .4 1.6 8 6. 1 8.0 4. 1 4. 5 .1 .3 2. 7 4 3 .0 3 5 .9 15.3 18.9 3 .0 .2 8. 3 9 .8 5. 5 6.0 .2 1.3 3. 7 1 24. 1 2 9 .3 172 70 1.85 2. 58 2. 72 2 .1 7 2 . 60 5. 5 .3 .3 1. 7 .1 7 .4 .4 .5 2 .5 .1 9 .9 .4 .6 3 .4 85 1 .9 7 . 1.3 2 122 16. 8 .2 . 1 6.0 .4 8. 1 11.0 1 .4 18 .4 8. 11.9 19. 8 39. 7 11.8 11.8 8. 7 8. 1 22. 5 17. 6 .3 2.8 4. 7 16. 7 14. 8 14.2 10. 3 .6 3. 5 9. 6 3 3 .4 38 .9 45. 7 1 3 .4 .7 .9 5 .9 19.9 1 .7 2 7. 7 7 10. 0 10. 6 6 .9 7. 1 .3 2.1 4 .1 32. 6 12. 1 .5 .7 4. 1 .2 2.6 .5 .2 4. 6 1.2 9 .8 .7 7 .4 22.6 13. 5 .9 4. 4 13 .4 2.2 1 .4 13. 3 1.0 12. 1 34 TABLE S .I .C . code 2 31 311 8. A v e rag e stra ig h t-tim e hourly earn in g s 1 and p e rce n ta g e s of production w o rk e rs earn ing l e s s than sp ec ified am ounts, se le c te d in d u str ie s, United S t a t e s , May 1958— Continued . Industry group L e a th e r and le ath er products 3 .... .,,, L e a th e r: Tanned, c u r r ie d , and fin ished F o o tw ear (except ru b b e r)— — --H andbags and sm a ll le ath er g o o d s ___ Ston e, c la y , and g la s s products 3 __ F la t g la s s . . . . . . G la s s and g la ssw a r e ; p r e s s e d or blown P r im a r y m etal in d u strie s F a b r ic a te d m etal products (except ordnance, m ach in ery, and tra n sp ortation equipment) 3 . . . C u tlery , handtools, and g en eral hardw are .................. F a b r ic a te d stru c tu r a l m etal products _ M etal stam p ing, coating, and e n g r a v in g ________ M achinery (except e le c tr ic a l) 3 --- . , . ----M etalw orking m achinery S p e c ia l-in d u stry m achinery (except m etalw orking m a c h in e r y )_________ G en eral in d u stria l m achinery and equipm ent _ .......... ........ S e rv ic e -in d u stry and household m achines M isce llan e o u s m achinery p a r t s ______ E le c t r ic a l m ach in ery, equipm ent, and s u p p lie s 3 _ . ____ E le c t r ic a l g en eratin g, tra n sm issio n , d istribu tio n and in d u stria l ap p aratu s _ __ __ Com m unication equipm ent and related produ cts „ ... -.............. _ T ran sp o rtatio n equipm en t 3 ____________ M otor veh icles and m o to r-v eh icle equipm ent ---- . A ir c r a ft and p a rts Instrum en ts and relate d products M iscellan eo u s m an ufacturing in d u strie s _ Toys and sp o rtin g and athletic goods . . C ostum e jew e lry , buttons, and notions (except p recio u s m etal) F a b r ic a te d p la st ic s p ro d u cts, not e lsew h ere c la s s ifie d ______________ M iscellan eo u s m anufacturing in d u strie s __ ___ 314 317 32 321 322 33 34 342 344 346 35 354 355 356 358 359 36 361 366 37 371 372 38 39 394 396 397 398-9 1 2 3 4 Number A v erag e of hourly w ork ers e a rn in g s 1 $ 1 . 05 in thou san d s) P e rc e n t of w o rk e rs under— $ 1. 10 $1. 15 $ 1. $1. 25 $1 . 35 $ 1 . 50 302 $ 1. 52 14. 2 20. 6 28. 1 3 3 .4 38. 1 47. 33 205 1. 1 17. 1 14. 6 2. 3 _ 1 .4 24. 0 24. 5 3. 2 _ 3. 1 31. 4 39. 8 4 .6 _ 3. 7 37. 0 49. 6 6. 1 .1 5 .0 42. 0 56. 1 7. 5 .1 6. 6 51. 8 67. 1 22 1.93 1. 47 1. 38 1. 93 2. 41 11. 9 2. 1 14. 7 62. 9 75. 4 18. 2 2. 9 78 840 1. 91 2. 44 (4) .1 (4) .1 .4 .3 1. 2 .4 1. 5 .6 4. 1 1. 2 7. 8 2. 2 756 2. 07 1. 4 1.9 2. 7 3 .9 4. 7 8. 2 14. 3 93 2 . 01 1. 3 2. 1 2 .9 3. 4 4. 8 7. 2 13. 8 18 .4 .5 1. 2 1. 7 2. 1 5. 2 9. 0 158 1, 029 164 2 . 01 1. 1 2. 2 2. 30 .5 .8 1. 8 1. 1 2. 7 1. 6 3. 7 3. 4 2. 0 4. 0 4. 2 2. 7 4. 7 7. 7 4. 2 6. 5 15. 1 7. 1 8. 3 107 2. 05 1. 1 1. 2 1. 8 1. 8 2. 5 4. 0 8. 1 21 405 215 2. 2 . 21 8 58. 6 137 2 . 20 . 2 .3 .4 .7 .9 1. 6 4. 9 122 .4 .5 1. 1 .6 1. 7 .9 2. 8 1. 3 3. 7 1. 6 5. 3 3. 7 6. 180 2. 2. 715 2 . 00 . 6 1. 1 1.9 3. 6 7. 5 15. 240 2. 05 .3 . 6 1. 3 2. 2 4. 8 9. 5 16. 2 336 1,081 1.93 2. 38 (4) .1 . . 2 1 .4 .2 .9 .4 2. 3 .6 6. 2 .8 17. 3 1. 8 446 468 2. 40 2 . 39 2. 05 (4) (4) 1. 2 (4) (4) 2. 3 .1 .1 3. 9 1 2 200 7 .3 .3 10. 4 16. 0 348 1. 68 8. 22. 1 25. 5 35. 1 45. 1 15 18 . 2 5 12. 1 17. 8 . . 4. 1 1 8 . . 6. 5 7. 0 8 .9 .5 67 1. 50 10. 0 16. 5 24. 6 30. 2 3 5. 3 47. 1 57. 6 42 1. 41 19. 7 28. 37. 4 43. 2 48. 1 59. 8 68. 4 60 1. 63 3. 1 4 .9 9. 7 14. 3 17. 27. 8 48. 2 1. 7. 1 8. 10. 8 12. 5 14. 9 23. 0 29. 4 110 90 0 4 E xclu d es p rem iu m pay fo r o v ertim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late sh ifts. See footnote 3, tab le 1. Includes data for other in d u strie s in addition to those shown se p a ra te ly . L e s s than 0. 05 p ercen t. 20 1 35 T A B L E 9. S .I .C . code 2 A v erag e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e arn in g s 1 and p e rc e n ta g e s of production w o rk e rs earn in g l e s s than sp ec ified am ounts, selecte d in d u str ie s, South, M ay 1958 Industry group F ood and kindred p ro d u cts 3 M eat p rodu cts ____ B a k ery p ro d u cts _ _ _ C on fectionery and relate d p ro d u c ts__ T o b a r.ro m an u factu res T extile m ill p ro du cts 3 ____________ __ Y arn and th read m ills (cotton, wool, silk , and synthetic fiber) ___ Broadw oven fa b ric m ills (cotton, wool, silk , and synthetic fiber) ___ N arro w fa b r ic s and other sm a llw a r e s m ills (cotton, wool, silk , and synthetic fib e r) ________ Knitting m ills Dyeing and finishing te x tile s (except knit goods) _______________ A p p arel and other fin ished p ro d u c ts 3 _ ^ _ M e n 's, youths*, and bo y s* su its, c o a ts, and o v e rc o a ts ______ M en *s, youths*, and boy s* fu rn ish in gs, work clothing, and a llie d garm e n ts W omen*s and m is s e s * o u te rw e a r___ W om en's, m is s e s * , c h ild re n 's, and in fants* under g a r m e n t s ______ C h ild re n 's and in fants* outerw ear M isc e lla n e o u s a p p a re l and a c c e s s o r ie s ____ __________ M isc e lla n e o u s fa b ric ate d textile pro du cts L um ber and wood p ro d u cts 3 ________ Saw m ills and planing m ills M isc e lla n e o u s wood pro du cts _ _ _ F u rn itu re and fix t u r e s 3 ____________ _ H ousehold fu rn iture _______________ P a p e r and allie d produ cts 3 _ _________ P ulp , p ap e r, and p ap erb o ard m ills P rin tin g , publishing, and a llie d in d u strie s __ _ _ C h e m ic als and a llie d p ro du cts _______ V egetable and an im al o ils and fat s _____________ ________________ _ L ea th e r and le ath er p rodu cts _________ Stone, clay , and g la s s p ro du cts _____ P rim a r y m etal in d u strie s __________ _ F a b r ic a te d m etal p ro d u cts (except ordnance, m ach in ery, and t r a n s portation equipm ent)_______________ M achinery (except e l e c t r i c a l ) _________ T ra n sp o rtatio n equipm ent ___________ M isc e lla n e o u s m anufacturing in d u strie s ______________________ _ 20 201 205 207 21 22 222 223 224 225 226 23 231 232 233 234 236 238 239 24 242 249 25 251 26 261 27 28 288 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 1 2 3 4 Num ber A verage of w o rk ers hourly [in thou e a r n in g s 1 $ 1. 05 san d s) P erce n t of w o rk e rs un der— $ 1. 10 $ 1 . 15 38. 1 6 .3 8 .4 3 9 .8 39.7 12.3 4 7 .9 9. 1 14.5 4 6 .7 5 1 .3 15. 1 6 4 .5 14.3 2 3 .7 1.24 - 7 .4 17.2 272 1.34 2 .7 7 .4 5 98 1.33 1.32 16.2 2 1 .9 29 233 1.42 1. 19 1.2 17 $ 1.37 1.35 1.46 1. 14 1.65 1.32 $ 1.25 $ 1.35 $ 1.50 55. 1 5 9 .2 2 9 .8 7 5 .4 18. 1 4 4 .8 62. 1 65. 1 4 1 .3 8 1 .8 2 2 .4 62.0 6 9 .4 7 1 .2 58. 1 89. 0 2 8 .5 77 .7 31. 0 4 5 .8 5 9 .9 7 8 .4 9 1 .5 16.5 . 2 6 .8 3 9 .4 58. 7 5 .2 2 5 .8 2 9 .9 36. 0 38 .5 44. 0 46. 0 5 3 .2 53. 1 6 7 .5 6 5 .3 80. 8 77. 1 3 .7 4 9 .0 7 .8 6 0 .2 14.5 6 7 .6 20. 8 7 3 .5 3 6 .4 82. 1 68.6 38.7 1.49 16. 1 20.6 2 7 .2 31 .7 3 6 .5 4 6 .7 5 9 .7 132 29 1. 14 1.25 4 4 .7 26. 5 5 4 .8 3 9 .4 6 7 .2 5 1 .4 74 .3 61 .5 80. 1 66.8 87 .9 7 6 .6 9 3 .7 8 5 .4 19 9 1.20 1. 14 30.3 4 3 .6 4 3 .7 5 8 .4 5 2 .9 66 .5 62. 0 7 5 .2 70 .9 7 9 .8 80.6 88.6 88. 8 9 3 .4 7 1. 12 4 8 .8 5 9 .2 70 .9 78.7 84. 0 9 0 .6 96. 20 1.22 38 .5 54 .9 6 5 .9 3 7 .7 17. 0 17.5 46. 5 6 2 .5 7 3 .4 50. 0 5 4 .8 7 3 .5 83 .2 6 2 .3 3 6 .6 39 .5 4 .9 61.3 7 8 .4 85.9 68. 0 4 4 .3 48. 1 7. 0 6 6 .9 80.7 87.5 71 .6 5 1 .4 5 5 .9 7 6 .9 87.3 9 2 .4 81 .2 62. 8 86 .9 90. 0 94 .7 87. 1 7 3 .9 79 .9 2 3 .5 8 50 496 73 1. 14 10.6 6 89.3 0 232 148 15 91 78 104 1. 19 1.39 1.31 1.82 69 1.98 . 1 .2 .3 .4 .5 1.6 4. 0 82 186 2. 05 2.21 7 .5 6.7 10.5 8 .9 13.6 10. 0 15.5 11. 8 17.5 13. 0 23. 8 15.4 30 .6 19. 1 31 96 117 1.28 1.29 1.65 2 .4 4 34.7 2 9 .8 7. 8 (4 ) 52. 0 37.7 T 1 .3 .1 5 7 .9 45. 1 14.8 .4 63.3 5 1 .4 19. 8 6 5 .2 57 .3 2 3 .4 1. 3 69 .7 65.7 3 3 .3 7 6 .4 78. 8 4 5 .3 2 .5 96 77 142 1.83 1.93 8. 1 12.6 1.7 .7 10. 1 14.6 4 .9 2.6 16. 0 6 .4 3 .9 22. 0 10.6 2.26 4. 5 30.7 17.6 7. 1 26 1.56 2 9 .5 45. 0 4 8 .4 54. 1 60. 3 10 1. 08 .6 26.6 2 8 .4 2. 1 2 .3 .7 4. 0 1.3 3 5 .4 4 1 .4 E x c lu d e s p rem ium pay fo r o vertim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late sh ifts. See footnote 3, tab le 1. Includes data fo r other in d u strie s in addition to those shown se p a ra te ly . L e s s than 0. 05 p ercen t. 1.20 5 0 .7 55. 1 19.2 72. 1 16. 0 3 3 .8 229 55 36 3 5 .2 3 1 .9 $ .6 10.2 68.0 16.9 1.8 36 T A B L E 10. N um ber and a v e r a g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e arn in gs 1 of production w o rk e rs in m etrop olitan and nonm etropolitan a r e a s , 2 se le cte d in d u strie s, United S ta te s, M ay 1958 (in thousands) S. I.C 'code 3 19 20 201 203 204 205 207 208 209 21 22 222 223 224 225 226 23 231 232 233 234 236 238 239 24 242 243 244 249 25 251 26 261 267 27 2 71 2 75 28 281 2 82 283 288 289 29 291 30 301 309 31 311 314 317 32 322 33 Industry group Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s ------------------Food and kindred p rodu cts 4 -----------------M eat produ cts ------------------------------Canning and p re se rv in g fr u its , v e g e ta b le s, and s e a f o o d s --------------G rain -m ill p r o d u c t s -----------------------B ak ery p r o d u c t s ----------------------------C on fectionery and relate d produ cts ------------------------------------B e v e ra g e in d u strie s —« -------------------M iscellan eo u s food p rep a ra tio n s and kindred p r o d u c t s --------------------Tobacco m an u factu res -----------------------T extile m ill produ cts 4 -----------------------Y arn and thread m ills (cotton, wool, silk , and synthetic f i b e r ) -----Broadw oven fa b r ic m ills (cotton, wool, silk , and synthetic fib e r) -----N arro w fa b r ic s and other s m a llw a res m ills (cotton, wool, silk and synthetic f ib e r ) -----------------Knitting m i l l s --------------------------------Dyeing and fin ishin g te x tile s (except knit g o o d s ) -----------------------A p p arel and other fin ished p r o d u c ts4 ----M e n 's, you ths’ , and boys ’ su its , c o a ts, and o v e r c o a t s ------------M en 's, youths ’ and boys ' fu rn ish in gs, w ork clothing, and a llie d g arm en ts ---------------------W omen's and m i s s e s ' o u te r w e a r ------W om en's, m i s s e s ', ch ild ren 's and in fan ts'u n d er garm en ts -----------C h ild re n 's and in fan ts' outerw ear ----M isce llan e o u s a p p a re l and a c c e s s o r ie s --------------------------------M iscellan eo u s fa b ric ate d textile produ cts ---------------------------L um ber and wood produ cts 4 ----------------S aw m ills and planing m ills --------------M illw ork, plywood, and p r e fa b ric ate d stru c tu r a l wood produ cts ------------------------------------Wooden con tain ers -------------------------M iscellan eo u s wood produ cts -----------F u rn itu re and fix tu res 4 ---------------------Household fu rn iture ----------------------P a p e r and allie d produ cts 4 -----------------Pulp, p ap er, and p ap erb o ard m ills ----------------------------------------P ap e rb o ard con tain ers and b o x e s -----P rin tin g, publish ing, and a llie d in d u str ie s 4 ---------------— ----— ------------N ew sp ap ers ---------------------------------C o m m erc ia l printin g ---------------------C h em icals and a llie d p rodu cts 4 ----------In d u strial in organic ch em icals ---------In d u strial o rgan ic ch em icals -----------D rugs and m ed icin es ----------------------V egetable and an im al o ils and fa ts ---M isce llan e o u s c h e m ic als, in cluding in d u stria l chem ical produ cts and p r e p a r a t i o n s -------------P ro d u cts of petroleum and c o a l4 ---------P etro leu m refining ------------------------Rubber produ cts 4 — --------------------------T ir e s and inner tubes --------------------Rubber in d u strie s, not e ls e where c la ss ifie d ----------- --------------L eath er and leath er produ cts 4 ------------L eath er: Tanned, c u rrie d , and finished ------------------------------------F o o tw ear (except rubb er) ---------------H andbags and sm a ll leath er g o o d s ----Stone, clay, and g la s s p r o d u c ts4 --------G la ss and g la ss w a r e , p r e s s e d or blown ----------------------------------------P rim a r y m eta l in d u stries -------------------- See footnotes at end of table. M etropolitan Number A v e rag e of hourly w o rk e rs earn in gs Nonm etr opolitan Num ber A v e rag e of h ourly w o rk e rs e arn in gs 35 638 148 $ 2 .4 0 1.91 2. 13 33 340 91 $2. 16 1. 55 1. 72 56 44 140 1. 57 1. 74 1.79 85 34 24 1.49 48 84 1.5 6 2. 32 27 8 1. 51 1 .5 4 72 64 355 1 .6 1 23 475 1 .4 4 1. 36 1. 71 1.49 1.43 1 .6 6 32 1 .3 4 66 1.25 115 1.43 250 1. 36 15 89 1.53 1.4 6 8 94 1.41 1.32 45 702 1.62 1.60 28 283 1.46 1.23 78 1.82 16 1.49 136 241 1.40 1. 71 141 51 1 . 16 66 50 1.51 1.44 32 1.23 12 1 .2 1 36 1.53 12 1. 19 77 134 - 1.48 1. 73 - 19 408 240 1.30 1.5 8 1. 50 43 19 1.9 6 1. 57 1.52 1.93 1.83 1.82 59 25 94 172 1. 76 1.19 1.30 1.45 1.42 1.89 1 .9 7 1. 76 133 18 1.95 1. 71 2 . 39 2 . 68 99 46 28 145 30 1 .9 6 1 . 86 2 . 10 2 . 11 20 173 114 260 86 99 441 112 148 364 38 127 45 13 53 133 98 133 61 2 .2 6 2 . 19 2 . 39 2 .4 2 2 . 02 1. 75 1.91 2 . 60 2. 78 2 .2 9 2. 63 154 2 . 01 1 .6 1 21 2 . 01 68 22 111 61 - 10 24 24 40 1.33 2 .4 3 2.4 1 1. 39 10 2 .4 7 2 .4 7 1 . 79 2 .4 3 17 148 1.80 1.43 - 89 18 224 1 .5 7 1.39 1.9 8 116 3 181 1.40 1.31 1 .8 7 41 687 1.9 4 2 . 49 37 153 1 .8 8 2 .2 1 37 T A B L E 10. Num ber and a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e arn in gs 1 of production w o rk e rs in m etrop olitan and nonm etropolitan a r e a s , 2 se le c te d in d u strie s, United S ta te s, M ay 1958— Continued (in thousands) S .I .C . code 3 34 342 344 346 35 354 355 356 358 359 36 361 366 37 3 71 372 38 39 394 398-9 Industry group F a b ric a te d m eta l p rodu cts (except ordnance, m achinery, and tr a n sportation equipment)* --------------------C utlery, h andtools, and g e n e ral h a r d w a r e ----------------- ---F a b ric a te d stru c tu r a l m etal p r o d u c t s ---------------------------------M etal stam ping, coating, and engraving -------------------------------M achinery (except e le c t r ic a l) 4 ----------M etalworking m a c h i n e r y -------------S p e c ia l-in d u stry m ach in ery (except m etalw orking m a c h in e r y ) ------------ -----------------— G eneral in d u stria l m ach in ery and e q u ip m e n t--------------------------S e rv ic e -in d u stry and household m ach ines --------------------------------M iscellan eo u s m ach in ery p a r t s ----E le c tr ic a l m achinery, equipm ent, and s u p p lie s 4 ------------------------------E le c tr ic a l g en eratin g, t r a n s m issio n , d istribu tion and in d u stria l a p p a r a t u s ------------------C om m unication equipm ent and relate d products ----------------------T ran sp o rtatio n equipm ent 4----------------M otor v eh icles and m o to rvehicle e q u ip m e n t---------------------A ir c r a ft and p a r ts ----------------------Instrum en ts and relate d produ cts ----M isce llan e o u s m an ufacturin g in d u str ie s 4 --------------------------------Toys and sp o rtin g and ath letic g o o d s__ M iscellan eo u s m anufacturing in d u strie s --------------------------------- Num ber of w ork ers M etropolitan A verage hourly earn in gs • 628 $ 2 . 11 128 75 2 .0 6 - $ 1 .9 0 - 180 2 .2 3 35 1.93 136 711 108 2 .0 6 2 .2 9 2 .4 2 23 317 56 1. 70 2 .0 4 2 .0 8 62 2 . 19 45 1 . 86 91 2 .2 4 46 2 . 12 74 138 2 .2 1 2 . 19 48 42 2 .0 5 2. 15 54l 2. 05 174 1.8 5 179 2 .1 1 60 1 . 88 255 994 1 .9 7 2 .3 9 81 87 1.8 0 2 .3 2 426 440 175 2 .4 0 2 .4 0 2 . 10 28 25 2 .2 6 2 73 54 1.69 1.52 75 13 1 .6 6 1.9 6 32 1. 75 77 1 E xclu des prem ium pay fo r o v ertim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ay s, and late sh ifts. a See footnote 2, table 1* 3 See footnote 3, table 1. 4 Includes data fo r other in d u strie s in addition to those shown se p a ra te ly . NO TE: D ash es indicate no data or data that do not m eet publication c r ite r ia . Nonm e tr opolitan A verage hourly earn in gs Number of w o rk e rs 1. 70 1 .4 4 38 T A B L E 11. Num ber and a v e r a g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e a r n in g s 1 of production w o rk e rs in m etrop olitan and nonm etropolitan a r e a s , 2 se le c te d in d u strie s, South, May 1958 (in thousands) M etropolitan S .I .C . code3 Industry group Food and kindred p ro d u cts4 ____________ M eat produ cts _ _ _ 20 201 205 207 B a k e r y p ro d u c ts C on fectionery and re la te d p r o d u c ts __ T o b acco m a n u factu re s 21 22 222 T e xtile m ill p ro d u cts4 ___________________ Y arn and th read m ills (cotton, w ool, silk , and synthetic f i b e r ) ____ Broadw oven fa b ric m ills (cotton, w ool, silk , and synthetic fib e r )_____ N arrow fa b r ic s and other sm a llw a re s m ills (cotton, w ool, silk , and synthetic fib er) Knitting m i l l s ____________ ___________ Dyeing and finishing te x tile s (except knit g o o d s ) ____ _____ ______ A p p arel and other fin ished p ro d u cts4 ____ M en 's, yo u th s', and b o y s' s u its, c o a ts, and o v e r c o a t s ________ M en's, youths ', and b o y s ' fu rn ish in gs, w ork clothing, and a llie d g a r m e n t s _______________ W om en's and m i s s e s ' o u te r w e a r _____ W om en's, m i s s e s ', c h ild re n 's, and in fan ts' under g arm e n ts __ C h ild re n 's and in fants ' o u t e r w e a r ____ M isce llan e o u s a p p a re l and a c c e s s o r i e s _______________________ M isce llan e o u s fa b ric ate d t e x t ile p r o d u c ts ___ _ __ Lum ber and wood produ cts (except fu rn itu re)4 _____________ ____________ __ S aw m ills and planing m i l l s __________ M isce llan e o u s wood p r o d u c t s ________ F u rn itu re and fix tu r e s 4 . _ H ousehold fu rn iture ____ __ ___ __ P ap e r and a llie d p ro d u cts4______________ P ulp , p ap e r, and p ap erb o ard m ills __ ____ __ __ P rin tin g , publishing, and a llie d in d u strie s _ _ _ _______________ C h e m ic als and a llie d p ro d u cts4 __ V egetable and an im al o ils and fa ts __ __ _ _ L eath er and leath er products ___________ Stone, c la y , and g la s s p r o d u c ts _________ P r im a r y m eta l in d u s t r ie s _______________ F a b r ic a te d m eta l produ cts (except ordn ance, m ach in ery, and t r a n s p ortation e q u ip m en t)___________________ M achinery (except e l e c t r i c a l ) __________ T ran sp o rtatio n equipm ent _ _ M isce llan e o u s m anufacturing __ in d u strie s 223 224 225 226 23 231 232 233 234 2 36 238 239 24 242 249 25 251 26 261 27 28 288 31 32 33 34 35 37 39 1 2 3 4 Num ber of w o rk e rs 104 Nonm etr opolitan A v erag e hourly e arn in gs 25 4 46 131 $ 1 .5 6 1.56 1.50 1.17 1.70 1.35 20 Number of w o rk e rs A v erag e hourly earn in g s 126 35 $ 1 .2 2 1.24 1.37 10 3 - 365 _ 1.32 15 1.29 58 1 .2 2 63 1.35 208 1.3 4 2 1.47 1.38 3 1 .2 6 68 1.30 19 30 67 1.46 1.28 166 1.40 1. 15 8 1.56 9 1.43 25 15 1 .2 0 1.34 107 14 1 . 12 1 . 16 4 4 1 . 16 1 .1 6 15 5 1 .2 1 1 .1 2 1 1.13 6 1 . 11 10 1.26 10 1 . 18 44 1.27 16 1 . 11 1 .2 2 1 .6 8 188 132 9 55 51 60 1 . 12 1.08 1 . 18 1.23 1.23 1.91 11 5 36 27 44 1.62 1.46 21 1.93 48 2 .0 0 59 105 2. 17 2 .2 4 23 81 2 . 16 5 _ 38 1.44 1.70 2 .5 4 5 28 58 31 1. 14 1.27 1.62 2. 13 1 .8 8 86 _ 1.76 76 43 118 1.96 2 .2 5 21 34 24 1.64 1.89 2.31 15 1.87 12 1 . 16 E x clu d e s prem ium pay for overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late sh ifts. See footnote 2 , table 1. See footnote 3, table 1. Includes data for other in d u strie s in addition to those shown se p a ra te ly . NOTE: D a sh es in dicate no data or data that do not m eet publication c r it e r ia . 1 .1 1 39 T A B L E 12. E stim a te d p ercen tag e distribu tio n of n o n su p e rv iso ry w o rk e rs in se le c te d m anufacturing in du stry groups by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e h ourly e arn in g s. United S ta te s and se le c te d r e g io n s ,2 M ay 1958 A v erage hourly earn ings 1 (in cen ts) Ordnance and Food and kindred products acces so rie s North United United North- South W est S ta te s S tate s east C en tral Under 100 ---------------100 105 110 115 120 and and and and and under under under under under 1 0 5 ----1 1 0 ----115 ----1 2 0 ----125 ----- 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under 1 3 0 ----under 1 3 5 ----u n d e r'1 4 0 ----under 1 4 5 ----under 1 5 0 ----- 150 and under 160 ----160 and under 1 7 0 ----- 170 and tinder 1 8 0 ----180 and under 1 9 0 ----190 and under 200 ----200 and under 2 1 0 ----210 and under 220 ----- 220 and under 230 ----2 30 and tinder 240 ----240 and under 2 50 ----250 260 2 70 280 290 and and and and and under under under under under 260 2 70 280 290 300 --------------------- 300 and over -----------Total --------------Number of w o rk ers (in th o u sa n d s)--------A v e rag e hourly e arn in gs 1 --------------- United S ta te s South A p p arel and other finished products United N orth S tate s east South North C en tral W est 1. 7 0. 1 .1 .4 .5 .5 0. 5 4. 6 1.3 0 .2 0 .4 0 .2 0. 7 0 .4 1 .6 0. 6 0. 3 9. 1 2 .4 3. 1 2 .5 2. 6 4 .0 25. 5 4 .0 6 .3 3. 7 4. 1 4. 1 2 .3 3 .0 4. 1. . . . 7 7 5 8 6 6 .5 3 .5 5 .0 3. 0 3. 3 5. 8 2. 7 4 .9 1 .7 2. 0 15.6 5 .8 8. 7 5 .9 5 .9 8 .5 4. 5 7. 7 5 .3 35 .9 13. 5 4 .9 6 .0 7 .4 5 .9 6 .4 6. 5 10. 3 3 .2 4 .2 4. 8 3 .8 5. 1 2 .3 1.9 3 .3 1 .9 1.9 1 .7 2. 1 3 .5 2. 5 3.1 3. 6 5. 8 2 .5 6 .2 6 .5 4 .0 4 .2 4. 1 2 .9 5 .2 3. 7 3 .2 2 .4 1.9 6. 7 5. 1 4. 3 3 .5 3. 1 5. 3 4. 0 4 .3 3. 1 3 .2 6 .0 6. 4 5. 1 5. 0 4. 1 2. 5 3 .3 7.3 5. 1 4 .3 3 .9 2. 1 10. 0 8. 0 2. 7 2 .3 1 .0 1 .0 2 .0 2 .2 2 .0 2 .2 2 .9 .2. 7 4 .4 5 .4 5 .4 5.1 5. 8 .7 6 .2 8 .4 7 .5 8 .4 8. 1 7. 3 5. 7 1 1 .1 4. 7 4. 5 3 .4 3. 6 3. 5 1 .2 1 .7 2. 6 4 .2 1 .9 2. 5 1 .0 2. 1 9 .7 8. 7 4 .9 4. 7 3. 3 6. 1 6 .9 5 .2 5.9 3. 1 2. 7 3. 5 2 .3 5. 8 3 .9 3. 6 2. 8 .2 .2 .2 2 .2 .1 .1 8. 1 6. 1 2. 8 2. 6 1 .4 .8 5 .3 4. 0 3. 3 2 .4 2 .3 3. 0 1.9 1. 7 2.0 1 .8 .6 4. 5 4. 1 3 .4 2. 1 4 .9 7 .2 6 .4 4. 5 4. 1 2 .9 3. 1 8 .4 13.9 11. 1 14.2 1 1 .4 4. 5 5. 6 4 .5 6 .3 8 .4 6. 1 7. 0 7 .4 1.9 2 .4 4. 1 4 .0 3. 6 2. 7 1 .8 2 .0 2 .0 6 .2 6. 3 2 .4 3 .0 2 .4 2 .3 5 .2 3. 7 4 .2 3 .5 2. 7 2. 6 2 .0 7. 3 2. 6 2 .2 1 .8 .9 .6 .4 •1 1.9 2 .3 1 .2 .8 6 .2 4. 7 5. 7 6 .6 8 .5 12. 0 8 .9 10. 8 8. 7 2. 3 2 .2 1 .6 1. 5 1. 1 .8 .6 2. 7 2. 5 1.9 1.9 1. 5 1 .0 .7 .3 2 .0 3. 7 2 .5 1. 7 3. 0 1 0 .2 11. 1 2. 0 1.5 1. 1 .7 1 1 .0 3 .2 2 .2 .9 .5 .4 1. 1 1 .0 1. 5 1.3 .1 1 .4 .9 .9 1 .4 .7 .8 .7 .4 1 .8 1 .1 1 .2 1. 1 .2 1.0 .7 .2 .1 .1 <*) (3) 2 .0 .4 .3 .2 .2 5 .9 5 .4 4 .2 4. 1 2. 8 2.0 1 .2 1 .0 2 .4 .6 1 .0 .3 .2 5. 7 3. 6 4. 7 1.0 3 .3 7. 0 .4 .4 3. 7 5. 6 .3 1 .2 4 .2 1 0 0 .0 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 89 1 ,235 303 286 466 179 74 52 1,051 610 244 139 58 $ 2 .2 7 $ 1 .8 2 $ 1 .9 0 $ 1 .4 4 $ 1 .9 1 $ 2 .0 6 $ 1 .6 0 $ 1 .6 7 $ 1 .5 2 $ 1 .6 5 $ 1 .2 0 $ 1 .4 4 $ 1 .6 5 See footnotes a t end of table Tobacco m an ufactures 40 T A B L E 12. E stim a ted p e rce n tag e distribu tio n of n o n su p e rv iso ry w o rk e rs in se le cte d m anufacturing in du stry group s by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e a r n in g s ,1 United S ta te s and se le cte d re g io n s, * M ay 1958— Continued A v erag e hourly e a rn in g s 1 (in cen ts) Under 100 --------------- L um ber and wood products United 'S ta te s N orth east South North C en tral F u rn itu re and fix tu res W est ' United S ta te s N orth east South North C en tral W est (3 ) 0. 8 0 .3 0 .2 0. 1 (3) 0 .4 (3) 5 2 .3 7. 3 10. 8 4 .9 2 .3 7.2 3. 1 3. 1 3. 1 5 .2 .4 (3) .1 (3) .1 6. 1 2. 0 1.8 . 2 .2 7. 1 4. 7 7 .4 5. 5 4 .2 3 .5 2 .3 2. 7 16 .0 9 .2 9. 7 7. 6 6. 8 1 .5 1. 1 1. 7 1 .4 1. 7 4. 5 1 .3 1 .9 1; 5 1. 5 1 1 .4 2. 7 4 .9 3 .2 1 .5 5. 8 4. 5 3 .2 3. 7 3 .8 5 .9 .3 4 .6 3 .6 3 .5 5. 1 7. 1 4 .4 4 .6 3 .6 3. 5 3 .2 2 .9 3 .0 2 .8 2 .8 2 .6 1 .0 1 6 0 ---1 7 0 ---1 8 0 ---190 ---200 ---- 4. 8 3. 0 2 .9 3 .9 5 .0 1 1 .0 3 .3 1 .5 1 .5 1 .3 .5 12. 8 7 .0 6 .5 5. 7 6. 3 3 .9 5. 7 3. 7 2 .4 1 .9 1 .5 7.1 7. 7 8 .5 9 .1 6. 7 5 .5 6 .4 6. 7 9 .3 8. 1 200 and under 2 1 0 ---2 1 0 and under 220 ---- 7.2 4 .9 4. 6 3 .2 1 .9 3. 5 1 .3 2. 1 1. 1 1 .0 3 .3 6 .2 2 .2 2 .0 1. 8 .9 3 .5 6 .2 .5 .5 1 .2 .1 9 .5 5 .2 7. 1 4 .5 4. 0 2. 0 1 .6 .9 .5 .7 .7 1 .4 .3 .1 (3) .3 100 105 110 115 120 and and and and and under under under under under 1 0 5 ---1 1 0 ----1 1 5 ---120 ---1 2 5 ---- 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 1 3 0 ---135 ---1 4 0 ---1 4 5 ----150 ---- '150 160 170 180 190 and and and and and under under under under under 220 and under 230 ---230 and under 240 ---240 and under 250 ---- 250 260 2 70 280 290 and and and and and under under under under under 260 2 70 280 290 300 ---------------- 0 .4 23. 4. 5. 3. 7 1 8 1 1 .2 1 .0 .5 6 .9 5 .0 5 .9 2 .4 1 .2 1 .3 1 .0 .6 .2 .2 9 .5 6 .9 5 .4 3 .3 .2 .8 .4 .6 1. 3 .9 2 .2 5 .8 1 2 .4 17.9 12.9 1 1 .8 3 .8 4 .6 3. 5 3 .4 4. 7 3 .4 3 .4 3 .6 2. 6 6 .5 6 .0 5. 7 6. 1 4 .5 5. 1 3 .9 4 .9 3. 6 2 .9 1.3 7. 8 4. 5 2. 7 .4 .4 3 .9 2 .4 3. 1 1 .6 .2 1 .6 1.3 1.3 .7 .8 2 .8 2. 5 1 .6 5 .0 4. 8 4. 7 3 .3 3 .3 2. 1 1 .6 1. 7 1 .1 1 .0 .6 5 .6 5. 7 5 .0 4 .0 1. 1 2 .9 .2 1 .8 1 .6 .3 .8 .1 1 .4 .9 (3) 0 .5 .2 .4 .2 .6 .8 .5 .7 1.3 3. 7 3. 6 2 .8 2 .0 2 .1 300 and o v e r ------------ 3. 1 2. 3 .3 2. 1 7. 5 4 .2 4. 6 2 .4 3 .2 13. 5 Total -------------- 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 Num ber of w o rk ers (in thousands) -------- 580 67 242 80 191 315 84 98 106 27 $ 1 .6 3 $ 1 .5 6 $ 1 .1 6 $ 1 .6 4 $ 2 .2 5 $ 1 .7 6 $ 1 .8 6 $ 1 .4 1 $ 1 .9 0 $ 2 .2 2 A v erag e hourly e arn in gs 1 ------ ------ See footnotes a t end of table, 41 T A B L E 12. E stim a ted p ercen tage d istribu tion of n o n su p e rv iso ry w o rk e rs in selecte d m anufacturing in dustry groups by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e h ourly e a r n in g s ,1 United S ta te s and selecte d r e g io n s ,* M ay 1958— Continued P rin tin g, publish in g, and a llie d in d u stries A verage hourly earn in gs 1 (in cents) United S ta te s Under 100 N orth east South C h em icals and a llie d products North C en tral United S ta te s N orth e a st South 0. 6 0 .2 0 .9 1 .0 0. 1 (3) and and and and and under under under under under 105 — 1 1 0 ---1 1 5 ---1 2 0 ---1 2 5 ---- 4. 5 1 .5 2. 3 4 .3 2. 0 2. 6 3 .6 .7 2 .9 .9 1 .3 2 .0 2 .2 1 .0 1 .8 .6 1 .2 1 .2 5 .4 1 .8 1 .8 8 .4 3 .0 3. 4 2 .4 2. 1 1. 7 .9 .9 1 .1 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 1 3 0 ---1 3 5 ---1 4 0 ---1 4 5 ---1 5 0 ---- 3. 6 2. 1 3. 7 2 .4 4. 8 3 .4 * 1 .5 2 .0 2 .2 2 .2 2 .0 2 .0 2. 6 1.9 1.3 2 .2 1. 5 .9 150 160 170 180 190 and and and and and under under under under under 1 6 0 ---1 7 0 ---180 ---1 9 0 ---200 ---- W est 0. 1 100 105 110 115 120 North C en tral 200 and under 2 1 0 ---210 and under 220 ---- 2. 3 2. 1 2 .3 5. 8 4. 6 4 .2 4. 1 5. 6 4. 1 4 .4 4 .2 2 .6 2 .6 4. 3 3 .2 2 .9 2. 5 2 .9 3 .2 1 .3 1 .8 1 .8 2. 3 1 .0 1 .6 1 .4 1.3 1.9 1 .4 6. 7 4. 5 3 .2 3 .8 2. 1 6 .4 5 .4 4. 7 4 .3 2. 7 4. 3 4 .2 4 .4 5 .0 4 .2 3 .4 3. 0 2 .4 4. 0 3 .0 2 .3 2 .3 6. 1 2 .2 2 .0 7. 1 7. 6 7. 0 6 .3 6 .0 1 .8 1 .1 1 .5 1 .0 .8 1 .4 0 .2 1 .6 .3 1 .9 .5 .7 1 .0 .5 .9 1 .6 1 .0 1 .1 5 .3 4 .9 5 .0 7. 3 2. 5 3. 0 3 .9 4. 3 4 .4 5. 5. 4. 6. 7. 6 .9 8. 1 9. 7 7. 6 6 .4 4. 7 5 .9 5. 1 4 .3 4. 8 6 .6 8 .2 8. 7 4 .4 6 .1 iProducts of petroleum and coal United S tate s 1 1 7 0 0 7. 1 (3) .4 0 .2 .2 (3) .1 .3 (3) 1 .0 .6 .2 1 .2 .4 3. 8 2. 6 3 .6 4. 5 3. 7 .2 .6 .3 .3 .5 .4 1.3 1. 1 1 .5 3.1 2 .6 5 .4 5 .8 6. 3 7. 7 220 and under 230 ---230 and under 240 ---240 and under 250 ---- 2 .2 4 .5 2 .9 3 .4 2. 8 2. 6 250 260 2 70 280 290 ---------------- 3 .4 2 .9 3. 1 3 .9 2 .9 3. 7 2 .4 3 .4 4. 7 3. 5 3. 4 3. 1 3 .4 4 .9 2 .4 3 .2 3 ,2 2 .9 3. 0 3. 0 4. 7 5. 1 4 .4 3 .3 4 .0 4 .4 3 .8 2. 7 2. 1 2 .2 1 .8 8 .3 300 and o v e r ------------ 22. 5 1 9.2 12 . 8 25. 0 7 .4 4. 8 1 1 .2 5. 5 6 .0 17. 1 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 N um ber of w o rk ers (in th o u sa n d s)-------- 742 285 115 267 655 192 235 184 43 198 A v erage hourly e arn in gs 1 ------------ $ 2 .2 4 $ 2 .2 3 $ 1 .9 7 $ 2 .2 7 $2. 17 $ 2 .0 9 $ 2 .2 2 $ 2 .1 7 $ 2 .3 1 $2. 54 and and and and and under under under under under 260 270 280 290 300 Total ------------- See footnotes at end of table 1 .2 6 .0 5 .2 4 .9 8. 1 6 .0 12.3 8. 6 1 1 .6 7.2 10 .5 4 .9 4 .8 5 .0 .2 .5 6 .6 6 .2 4 .9 3. 6 6 .0 8 .2 6 .3 7 .5 8. 7 42 T A B L E 12. E stim a ted p ercen tag e d istribu tio n of n o n su p e rv iso ry w o rk ers in selecte d m anufacturing in du stry groups by a v era g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e a r n in g s ,1 United S ta te s and selecte d r e g io n s ,2 M ay 1958— Continued A v erag e hourly earn in gs 1 (in cen ts) Under 100 --- Stone, clay , and g la s s produ cts L eath e r and leath er products United States 1 N orth e ast South North C e n tral United S ta te s N orth east 0 .3 0 .2 0 .3 0 .4 0 .5 100 105 110 115 120 and and and and and under under under under under 105 — — 1 1 0 ---1 1 5 ---1 2 0 ---125 ---- 13. 5 6 .4 7. 5 5 .4 4. 8 11. 7 6. 3 7. 8 5 .3 4. 5 2 9 .0 8. 5 7 .6 6 .4 5. 8 12. 8 1. 7 .9 1.3 1.5 1 .4 0 .2 .2 .2 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 1 3 0 ---1 3 5 ---1 4 0 ---1 4 5 ---1 5 0 ---- 5 .4 4 .3 4 .2 3 .5 3. 3 5. 8 4 .2 3 .9 3 .4 2. 7 4 .8 3. 7 5 .9 3. 7 3 .4 5 .2 5 .0 4 .4 3 .6 4. 4 2. 6 2 .2 2 .3 2. 7 1 .7 150 and under 1 6 0 ---160 and under 1 7 0 ---170 and under 1 8 0 ---180 and under 1 9 0 ---190 and under 200 ---- 7 .3 5 .3 4. 8 4 .6 3. 0 7. 5 5. 3 4. 7 4 .6 2. 8 5 .9 4. 6 3 .2 2. 1 7 .4 5. 5 5. 1 5. 0 3. 7 5 .9 7. 6 9 .5 10. 6 8. 3 200 and under 2 1 0 ---210 and under 220 ---- 3 .2 2 .4 3. 6 2. 3 2. 1 1. 7 1 .4 1 .2 220 and under 230 ---230 and under 240 ---240 and under 250 ---- 2 .0 250 260 270 280 290 1 .5 .8 .7 and and and and and under under under under under 260 2 70 280 290 300 ---------------- 1 .5 1 .2 .6 1 .9 1 .1 1 .0 1 .2 6 .4 7.2 5. 5 4 .9 1.9 2 .5 2. 1 2. 8 7.2 .3 .3 2 .2 1 .6 1 .1 5. 1 4 .4 3 .2 .3 .1 .1 .1 .8 .5 .5 .3 3. 0 2 .4 1 .5 - .2 1 .2 1 .0 .8 .6 3 .0 6 .6 South ------ North C en tral 1 .8 .7 1 .4 (3) 5 .5 3 .3 3 .4 4. 7 3. 3 0. 8 .1 .9 .3 .5 .8 6 .9 3 .0 5 .2 4. 1 3. 1 1 .9 2 .3 7 .0 8 .4 5. 7 1 1 .2 6 .0 6 .0 10. 8 9 .5 6 .5 5 .8 4 .6 3 .3 4. 7 4. 1 3. 5 3 .0 1. 6 7. 3 8. 3 4. 8 4. 7 2. 6 4. 3 3 .4 1 .1 2. 7 2 .2 1. 7 4 .9 8. 5 1 0 .0 8 .3 8 .4 1 .8 1 .0 .8 .3 .9 1 .0 6 .4 6 .9 16. 7 1 .8 1 .4 1.3 .6 .2 1. 1 .4 .9 .6 300 and o v e r ------------ 1.9 2. 7 .2 .6 4. 1 5. 1 2. 7 3. 5 Total ------------- 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 100. 0 N um ber of w o rk ers (in th o u sa n d s)-------- 322 192 32 91 453 143 105 163 A v erag e hourly e arn in gs 1 -------------- $ 1 .5 2 $ 1 .5 7 $ 1 .2 8 $ 1 .4 9 $ 1 .9 4 $2. 02 $ 1 .6 7 $ 1 .9 8 See footnotes a t end of table, .5 43 T A B L E 12. E stim a ted p ercen tag e distribu tio n of n o n su p e rv iso ry w o rk e rs in selecte d m anufacturing in du stry groups by a v era g e stra ig h t-tim e h ourly e arn in g s, 1 United S tate s and selecte d r e g io n s ,2 M ay 1958— Continued A verage hourly earn in gs 1 (in cents) Under 100 ................... United S ta te s N orth e a st (3) .8 .3 1 .4 2 .2 2 .8 1 .3 .6 1 .1 .7 .9 .5 0. 3 .1 .3 .5 .8 1 .5 1 .9 2 .0 2 .0 2 .8 4. 1. 3. 3. 3. 4 .9 5 .8 6. 7 6 .4 6. 1 5. 8 6 .9 7. 7 6 .3 6. 0 8. 8 8 .4 6. 7 5 .6 4. 7 9 .1 5. 1 3. 6 2 .8 1 .6 under under under under under 1 3 0 ---1 3 5 ---1 4 0 ---1 4 5 ---1 5 0 ---- 2 .2 2. 1 2 .4 2 .3 150 160 170 180 190 and and and and and under under under under under 1 6 0 ---170 ---1 8 0 ----1 9 0 ---200 ---- ---------------- 300 and o v e r ----------- 0. 1 (3) 0. 7 and and and and and 260 2 70 280 290 300 0. 1 (3) 8. 4 125 130 135 140 145 under under under under under N orth e a st .4 .4 1 0 5 ---1 1 0 ---1 1 5 ----1 2 0 ---1 2 5 --- - and and and and and United S ta te s 0. 1 under under under under under 250 260 2 70 280 290 W est (3) and and and and and ----------------- North C en tral South 1 .5 100 105 110 115 120 200 and under 210 210 and under 220 220 and under 230 230 and under 240 240 and under 250 M achinery (except e le c tr ic a l) F a b ric a te d m eta l products .6 .8 1 .3 .8 .6 2 .3 .2 .5 1 7 0 1 0 2 .2 1 .1 1 .2 2 .0 2. 1 5 .0 7. 7 5. 1 6 .2 6 .0 4 .4 5 .2 7. 1 7. 3 6. 8 4. 1 1 .7 3. 1 3. 0 3. 5 6 .9 4 .9 6. 5 3. 6 6. 0 9 .0 9 .4 6 .4 6 .4 4. 6 9 .0 9 .6 4 .9 2. 7 2 .9 1 .5 3. 1 5 .4 3 .2 2. 7 1 .9 1 1 . 1. 7 6 .0 4. 6 2 .2 8 .0 7 .2 5. 1 4. 7 .8 .8 .9 1 .0 .5 .6 1 .0 .6 .3 • .8 .7 .9 South (3) 0 .9 .3 .4 .3 .7 .6 1. 7 1 .0 1 .8 (*) 0. 1 .1 1 .0 .8 3.1 3 .8 4. 8 5 .8 5 .2 2. 7 4.1 4 .8 5 .2 5 .2 6 .5 6 .3 4. 6 5. 6 3 .4 7.2 9 .1 9 .2 8. 1 8 .6 6 .1 7 .4 6 .4 9 .8 9 .2 3 .8 4. 5 3. 8 1.3 1 .7 1 .6 2 .1 1 .1 1 .4 2 .4 4. 1 4. 5 5 .6 5. 1 5. 1 7. 6 7. 8 6 .6 8 .2 6 .6 6 .1 7 .4 7.2 9 ,3 8 .9 7. 5 8. 5 .9 (3) .5 .4 .7 .7 .4 2 .9 1 .4 2. 6 1.3 W est (3) 1 .4 1 .2 1 .2 North C en tral .6 .6 .8 5 .9 7 .4 6 .8 8. 6 8 .2 6 .3 3. 8 7. 6 5. 6 8 .4 7. 6 6. 6 5. 1 7. 1 1 .6 2. 1 4. 7 3 .2 4 .2 5 .5 4 .2 3 .6 2 .9 2 .3 4. 8 3 .9 3 .3 2 .3 1 .7 3. 6 2. 7 2 .9 .9 5. 7 4 .2 3 .9 3 .2 2. 7 1 .7 6 .9 13. 1 8 .5 5. 7 2 .0 1 1 .0 9 .0 1 .8 1 .4 .6 1 1 .2 1 .8 T o t a l -------------- 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 N um ber of w o rk ers (in th o u sa n d s)--------- 876 293 111 394 77 1,273 428 94 679 72 A v erag e hourly earn in gs 1 -------------- $ 2 .0 8 $ 2 .0 4 $ 1 .8 2 $2. 12 $ 2 .4 0 $ 2 .2 1 $2. 12 $ 1 .9 3 $ 2 .2 9 $ 2 .3 6 See footnotes at end of table, 44 T A B L E 12. E stim ated p ercen tage distribu tion of n o n su p e rv iso ry w o rk e rs in selecte d m anufacturing in du stry groups by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e arn in g s, 1 United S tate s and selecte d re g io n s, * May 1958— -Continued A v erag e hourly e arn in gs 1 (in cen ts) Under 100 E le c t r ic a l m ach in ery, equip ment, and su p p lies United S ta te s Northe a st United S ta te s N orth e a st North C en tral M iscellan eou s m an ufacturin g in d u strie s United S ta te s Northe a st South North C en tral (3) 100 105 110 115 120 and and and and and under under under under under 1 0 5 ----1 1 0 ----1 1 5 ----1 2 0 ----1 2 5 ----- 12 5 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 1 3 0 ----1 3 5 ----1 4 0 ----145 ----1 5 0 ----- 150 160 170 180 190 and and and and and under under under under under 1 6 0 ----1 7 0 -----1 8 0 ----1 9 0 ----200 ----- 0. 1 (*) (3) (3) (S) 0. 1 0 .2 (3) 0. 1 0. 3 .3 .3 .4 .5 .9 1. 7 0 .2 .2 1 .2 1 .0 1.3 1 .4 1. 7 .9 7. 6 3 .4 5 .4 4. 1 3 .2 6. 7 .5 .4 1. 5 0 .9 .5 .9 .9 1. 7 3. 7 6 .3 4. 0 3. 3 26. 4 5. 3 5.3 3. 6 3. 5 5. 8 2 .3 2 .9 4 .9 3 .3 1 .6 5. 8 3. 6 4 .4 3. 1 2. 7 5. 7 3 .9 4. 6 2 .9 2. 5 5.2 6 .3 3 .9 4. 7 3 .9 2 .9 7. 7 8. 7 6 .3 7. 0 .6 .8 1 .6 1.9 2. 1 3. 0 2. 6 2. 7 7. 3 7. 8 8 .0 7. 0 7. 1 2. 6 2. 3 3. 6 3. 1 2. 8 7. 3 7 .9 8. 6 7. 5 7. 3 200 and under 2 1 0 ----210 and under 220 ----220 and under 230 --- — 230 and under 240 -----240 and under 2 50 ------ 7. 1 6. 8 5. 8 5. 0 4 .4 2 50 260 2 70 280 290 ------------------------ 3 .9 2. 7 2. 5 2 .2 1 .6 3. 6 2 .4 2. 5 2. 1 1 .5 300 and o v e r ------------- 5 .0 4 .0 T o t a l --------------- 100 . 0 100 . 0 Num ber of w o rk ers (in t h o u s a n d s ) --------- 891 $ 2 .0 2 and-under and under and under and under and under North C en tral Instrum en ts and re late d produ cts 260 2 70 280 290 300 A v e rag e hourly earn in g s 1 ...— — .— 6. 8 6 .3 5 .2 4. 7 4. 0 1 .3 1 .0 1. 7 2 .2 2 .0 2. 0 2 .0 2. 0 2. 1 7. 5 8 .3 7.2 6. 0 6 .2 1 .6 2. 7 2. 1 5. 4 6 .6 6. 8 6 .9 7 .3 7. 5 6. 4 5 .4 4. 8 7 .4 8 .4 6 .3 6. 1 4. 4 4. 1 3 .2 2. 5 2 .4 4. 7 4 .0 2 .4 6 .1 1 .2 1 .0 1.9 2. 1 1.9 1 .4 1.9 1 .8 2 .0 2 .3 5. 5 5. 5 5 .4 6. 6 6 .4 4. 5 6 .4 7.9 7. 8 5 .4 5. 8 3. 7 3 .9 7. 0 7. 1 8. 6 1 2 .4 6'. 2 6. 6 3 .9 4 .4 2 .9 3 .9 2. 5 1.9 4. 2. 4. 2. 1. 4. 3 2. 7 2. 1 1 .6 1 .0 .6 6. 7 6. 1 4. 8 5. 4. 2. 2. 1 8 7 6 2 .0 6. 1 6. 6 1 .3 6 .2 6 7 5 6 6 1 .4 .8 .6 .4 2 .0 2. 7 1 .6 2 .0 6. 4. 4. 2. 2. 0 8 1 6 7 2. 8 1 .4 2. 1 .4 1. 8 1. 1 1 .2 .2 6. 5 5. 8 6 .2 5. 8 3. 7 3. 8 3 .3 3. 4 2. 7 2 .4 3. 5 1 .2 1 .5 .6 .5 1 .6 2 .2 1 .6 2 .0 1 .8 1 .6 1. 1 5. 7 5. 7 6 .0 4 .9 5. 6 3-0 10. 6 8 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0 .0 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 434 357 256 159 72 398 235 30 113 $ 1 .9 8 $ 2 .0 6 $ 2 .0 6 $ 2 .0 8 $ 2 .0 4 $1 . 71 $ 1 .6 6 $1. 61 $ 1 .8 0 .4 .3 .3 1 E xclu des p rem ium pay fo r overtim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late sh ifts. * See footnote 2, table 1, fo r listin g of S ta te s included in reg io n s. 3 L e s s than 0. 05 p ercen t. NO TE: D ash es in dicate no data rep o rted or data that do not m eet publication c r it e r ia . individual ite m s m ay not equal 100. B e c a u se of rounding, su m s of 45 T A B L E 13. E stim a te d p ercen tage d istribu tio n of n on su p ervisory w o rk e rs in selecte d m anufacturing in du stry g ro u p s, by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e arn in g s, 1 for m etropolitan and nonm etropolitan a r e a s , United S ta te s and selecte d reg io n s, 2 May 1958 ' A v erage hourly earn in g s 1 (in cen ts) Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s United State s Nonm e tro politan politan Food and k indred p rodu cts United S ta te s Nonm e tro politan politan N orth e a st NonM etro m etro politan politan W St © Nonm e tro politan 0 .6 3 .8 0 .6 _ 1 .6 7 .2 0.5 3. 0 ( 3) 0 .5 0. 1 5 .5 16.4 3 .8 5 .3 3 .7 3 .2 4 .4 1. 0 1.7 2. 1 1.9 16.0 3 .5 4. 0 3 .5 4 .9 3 3 .6 4 .5 8 .4 3 .9 3 .5 2 .0 1 .8 2. 1 9 .0 3 .6 5. 1 3 .9 4. 1 5 .9 .5 .3 2 .5 4 .0 .9 .5 .9 5.7 3. 0 1.7 10.3 1 .2 1 .2 6 .8 2 .2 2. 1 1-9 3 .9 1.7 3 .6 3 .4 3. 1 2 .9 2 .7 7 .2 5 .2 and and and and and under under under under .under 105 ____ 1 1 0 ____ 1 1 5 ____ 1 2 0 ____ 1 2 5 ____ ( 3) 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 1 3 0 ____ 1 3 5 ____ 140 ____ 145 ____ 150 ____ .2 150 160 170 180 190 and and and and and under under under under under 1 6 0 ____ 1 7 0 ____ 180 ____ 190 200 ____ 2. 0 2 .8 0. 1 .1 .2 .8 .8 1.9 2 .4 .9 1.7 1. 0 2 .4 1. 8 2. 1 2. 0 2 .3 .1 .3 .3 .5 .8 1 .6 1 .2 3 .7 2 .6 3. 1 5. 1 4 .6 5 .6 7 .3 12 . 1 1 .6 2. 0 5 .4 5 .5 5 .6 6 .6 6 .6 1 .2 2 .5 1 .8 2 .3 8. 1 12 . 1 9 .3 7 .8 5 .3 4 .5 5 .9 4 .0 5. 1 3. 0 2 .7 3. 1 4 .5 6. 0 4 .9 7 .5 6 .6 2 .8 2 .6 8 .8 4 .4 4 .7 3 .6 3 .5 7 .3 4 .3 5 .8 4 .8 5 .8 6 .3 5 .8 7 .0 4 .6 5 .5 7 .2 6. 5 4 .7 9 .3 8 .9 5. 0 5 .3 4. 1 1 0 .8 8. 1 .5 4 .3 3 .7 3 .7 3 .9 3 .3 1 .6 1 .6 1. 1 8 .4 6 .3 6. 1 4 .4 3 .9 5 .9 7. 0 4 .5 6 .4 3 .6 6 .4 6 .7 6 .5 4 .9 2. 1 3 .0 2 .6 3 .6 .6 2 .2 3 .8 3 .8 .5 .1 7 .0 4. 0 4 .6 3. 0 2 .9 1.4 8 .0 5 .3 5 .3 5 .3 4. 1 4 .2 5 .5 6 .6 7 .3 6. 0 7 .9 7 .9 6 .5 6. 0 250 260 270 280 290 ____ ____ ____ ----____ 18.3 5 .5 5 .7 4 .6 4 .0 4 .0 3 .8 3 .4 2 .3 3 .3 3 .8 3 .3 2 .5 1.7 1.5 1.3 1. 1 .2 .7 6 .8 4 .7 4 .5 1.9 5 .2 T o tal ....................... 100 . 0 1 0 0 .0 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0. 0 44 45 825 410 A v e rag e hourly e arn in g s 1 ___________ $ 2 .3 9 $ 2 . 14 $ 1 .9 4 $ 1.58 See footnotes at the end of table .6 3 .2 2 .3 1.5 1.7 1 0 .6 N um ber of w o rk e rs (in thousands) 1.5 1 .6 1.7 2. 1 2 .6 2.8 2. 0 2. 1 8 .8 300 and o v e r __ ____ 5 .6 2 .4 6. 1 1 .8 2 .6 4 .5 260 270 280 290 300 2 .0 2 .0 3 .8 3 .7 3 .5 3 .3 2 .5 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 8 .3 8. 1 5 .4 7 .7 7. 0 5. 1 5 .0 3 .8 2 .8 200 and under 210 210 and under 220 220 and under 230 230 and under 240 240 and under 250 u r . —4. M e tro politan _ 100 105 110 115 120 under under under under under North C en tral NonM e tro m e tro politan politan _ Under 100 and and and and and South NonM etro m e tro politan politan 6 .2 5. 0 3 .2 2 .5 .8 .7 1.9 2. 1 2 .8 1. 0 1 .6 .1 .4 .5 .1 1 .6 1 .2 .7 .2 1.3 .9 .4 .3 .2 .2 .1 1 .8 1.4 1.5 1 .6 3 .4 4 .5 2 .9 1.4 1. 1 4 .5 3 .4 1 .6 1. 1 1.4 1. 1 1.7 1 .8 1 .8 2 .6 .9 1.9 1. 0 .9 4 .2 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0. 0 100. 0 100. 0 1 0 0 .0 1 0 0. 0 1 0 0 .0 256 47 132 154 322 144 114 65 $ 1 .9 4 $ 1.68 $ 1.62 $ 1.29 $ 2 . 01 $ 1.68 $ 2 . 13 $ 1 .9 5 T A B L E 13. E stim a te d p ercen tage d istribu tio n of n on su p ervisory w o rk e rs in selecte d m anufacturing in du stry groups, by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e arn in g s, 1 for m etrop olitan and nonm etropolitan a r e a s , United S ta te s and se le c te d re g io n s, 2 M ay 1958— Continued '1 A v e rag e hourly e arn in g s 1 (in c e n ts) Under 100 ___________ T ob acco m an ufacture s United S tates M e tro politan 0 .4 South M e tro politan 0.2 A p p arel and other finished produ cts United State s NonM e tro m e tr o politan politan 1.6 0 .3 1. 0 0 .9 1.9 10.2 2 9 .3 9 .6 11.9 7 .5 7 .7 7 .6 3 .8 7 .4 4 .9 5 .2 14. 1 9. 1 9 .4 7 .5 2 8 .7 3 8 .8 5..7 3 .8 3 .2 6 .4 4. 0 4 .3 4 .2 2 .9 6 .5 5 .2 5 .3 4 .3 and and and and and under under under under under 1 0 5 ___ 1 1 0 ___ 1 1 5 ___ 120 ___ 1 2 5 ___ 4 .5 3 .2 3 .8 3. 0 3. 1 3 .3 2 .3 3 .4 1.4 1.7 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 1 3 0 ___ 1 3 5 ___ 1 4 0 ___ 1 4 5 ___ 150 ___ 3 .4 2 .4 3 .3 3 .6 5 .7 2 .4 1.7 2. 1 1.9 2 .5 6 .4 4 .2 4. 3 4. 0 2 .9 150 160 170 180 190 and and and and and under 1 6 0 ___ under 1 7 0 ___ under 1 8 0 ___ under 1 9 0 ___ under 2 0 0 ___ 8 .9 12.9 9 .5 8.8 6 .9 5 .3 5. 0 4 .2 and and 220 and 230 and 240 and under 2 1 0 ___ under 2 2 0 ___ under 230 ___ under 240 ___ under 250 ___ 2 .4 250 260 270 280 290 under under under under under 200 210 and and and and and 260 270 280 290 300 ___ ___ __ _ ___ ___ 11.6 9 .3 2.2 1.7 1.6 1.2 .8 .6 .2 .2 . 1 South NonM e tro m e tro politan politan 0 .3 100 105 110 115 120 14.9 12. 1 15.3 12.5 N orth east NonM e tro m e tro politan politan 4 .3 7 .5 5 .3 5 .2 2.6 2. 1 3 .8 2 .7 2.0 1.6 10.9 4 .8 7 .9 6. 1 6 .3 5. 0 4 .2 3 .6 5 .2 3 .9 4 .2 3 .0 3. 1 7 .4 4 .4 3 .7 3 .5 3. 1 5. 7 4 .3 4. 0 3 .2 2 .5 5. 0 3 .4 2 .9 2. 1 1.6 7 .3 5 .5 4 .6 3 .8 3 .4 5 .6 4 .6 3. 1 4 .7 3 .3 2 .5 1.8 8 .4 5 .5 4 .5 4 .4 2 .5 4 .4 3 .9 3 .8 2.6 2 .7 1.5 1. 1 .9 .4 .5 .3 3 .6 2 .4 1.7 2 .3 .9 .7 .4 .3 4 .3 2 .9 2. 1 .4 .1 .1 . 1 ( 3) 2 .5 .7 1. 1 .3 11.0 .9 2.6 1.7 1.3 4. 0 2 .7 £ .4 1.5 1.5 1.9 .2 1. 0 .7 .3 1.8 1. 0 1. 1 .2 1 .6 .3 .1 .1 .1 ( 3) 1.6 .8 .8 1.0 .8 .4 1.5 .5 .3 2.0 1.2 .7 .8 0.2 9 .7 3 .2 4 .2 4 .3 3 .6 11.7 7 .4 1. 0 .9 1.4 2 0 .5 5 .2 19.3 7 .0 7. 0 0.2 10.8 3 .8 2 .5 2. 1 1 .4 1.3 . M e tro politan 8.6 2.6 1.4 1.3 W est 9 .6 7 .6 5. 0 2.8 2.6 2.0 2.0 1.6 .7 .4 .4 North C e n tra l NonM e tro m e tro politan politan .2 .2 .3 .1 .5 .3 .2 . 1 . 1 6.2 .2 .1 .1 .1 (?) ) ) ( 3) 1.3 .5 .4 .2 .2 10.3 8.2 6. 0 5 .6 4 .4 2.6 1.0 1.2 1. 1 .2 300 and ov er _________ .3 .3 5 .0 .6 6 .3 1.5 1 1.4 .6 4 .5 T o tal __________ 100. 0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 N um ber of w o rk e rs (in th o u s a n d s )______ 67 48 754 298 526 85 72 173 101 38 55 A v erag e hourly e arn in g s 1 __________ $ 1. 62 $ 1.71 $ 1. 63 $ 1.24 $ 1.70 $ 1.38 $ 1 .2 9 $ 1 . 16 $ 1.49 $ 1. 30 See footnotes a t end of tab le . . 8 . 1.2 1. 1 2.8 2.2 $ 1.66 47 T A B L E 13. E stim a te d p ercen tage d istribu tio n of n on su p ervisory w o rk e rs in selecte d m anufacturing in du stry groups, by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e arn in g s, 1 for m etrop olitan and nonm etropolitan a r e a s , United S ta te s and selecte d reg io n s, 2 M ay 1958— Continued L u m b e r an d w ood p r o d u c ts A v erag e hourly p a r n iino a * earn n g s 1 (in cen ts) Under 100 United State s NonM etro m e tro politan politan Nonm e tr o politan 0 .7 0. 8 0. 5 0. 1 ( 3) 0 .3 2 9 .4 8 .9 15. 0 4. 0 10. 0 4 .9 5 .2 4 .3 4 .6 0.6 .1 2.2 2.8 5 7 .9 7. 0 9 .7 5. 1 2. 1 ( 3) ( 3) .4 .3 ( 3) .1 ( 3) .1 4 .6 6 .5 6.0 5 .8 3 .0 1.2 .8 1. 1 1.6 2.2 2.2 1.2 1.8 1.2 .2 .1 2.6 1.3 .5 1.9 3 .3 3 .7 .4 .4 3 .2 1.9 5.7 4 .4 5. 1 4 .2 7 .7 1.9 .3 .3 9. 0 11.3 8 .4 7 .2 4. 0 15.9 8. 1 5 .8 4. 0 2 .7 2 .5 1.5 4 .9 6. 1 6 .4 1.5 5 .7 13.9 .7 .4 .4 . 1 . 1 4 .2 3 .4 2 .3 5 .3 2.6 .2 .1 3 .8 .5 ( 3) ( 3) .6 2 7 .6 4 .2 5 .8 3 .4 120 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 1 3 0 ___ 1 3 5 ___ 140 ___ 1 4 5 ___ 1 5 0 ___ 3 .9 1.7 150 160 170 180 190 and and and and and under 1 6 0 ___ under 1 7 0 ___ under 1 8 0 ___ under 1 9 0 ___ under 2 0 0 ___ 7 .5 6. 1 5 .5 6. 1 3 .6 and and 220 and 230 and 240 and under 2 1 0 ___ under 2 2 0 ___ under 230 ___ under 240 ___ under 250 ___ 250 260 270 280 290 under under under under under ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ W est M e tro politan 0. 1 12.5 3 .7 5 .8 2 .3 2. 1 260 270 280 290 300 North C en tral NonM e tro m e tro politan politan 9 .8 5 .3 105 _ _ 1 1 0 ___ 1 1 5 ___ 120 ___ 1 2 5 ___ and and and and and M e tro politan Non m e tr o politan _ 0 .5 under under Under under under 200 210 South 3 .3 3 .8 3 .4 4 .2 2. 0 0 .4 and and and and and 100 105 110 115 N orth east NonM e tro m e tro politan politan 1.4 3 .9 .0 .0 3. 1 5 .5 14. 1 9 .8 7 .7 10. 1 3 .5 5. 0 5. 0 3 .8 3 .8 2. 0 7 .9 4 .9 4 .9 3 .0 5. 0 2.6 1.0 1.7 .9 1.3 1.9 .8 2 2 1.8 1.2 .6 .4 1.6 3. 1 1.8 1.0 2 .5 .8 1.5 1.5 3. 0 10.2 6 .4 5. 8 14.8 3 .9 7 .3 3 .6 2. 1 8.8 4 .7 3 .2 2 .9 1.6 2 .4 1. 0 1 .4 .7 1.4 3. 0 1.9 2 .4 1.2 6 .5 3 .6 2 .7 3. 0 1. 1 2.2 1.2 .7 .4 .3 1. 0 .7 .2 .1 .2 .2 1 1.6 .1 .3 . .7 .5 2 .5 1. 0 1.2 .8 .4 .2 .5 1.6 1. 1 3. 1 1.6 3 .4 .3 6.8 1» 3 1.7 .8 9 .4 13.6 9 .3 1.0 1. 1 8.2 1.8 4. 1 .3 .3 .2 .2 .3 5. 1 2.8 3 .2 1.3 .7 1. 0 .8 20. 1 12.8 12.4 7 .7 4 .4 3 .8 2 .3 3. 1 1.7 .7 . 5. 1 2 .5 1. 0 .2 .3 4 .2 .5 12.9 T o tal __________ 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 Num ber of w o rk e rs (in t h o u s a n d s )______ 149 431 28 39 48 195 36 44 38 153 A v erag e hourly e arn in g s 1 __________ $ 1.76 $ 1.59 $ 1.77 $ 1.41 $ 1.30 $ 1. 13 $ 1.79 $ 1.51 $ 2 .3 0 $ 2 .2 4 300 and over _________ See footnotes at end of table 4. 1 6 1 48 T A B L E 13 E stim a te d p ercen tage distribu tio n of n on su p ervisory w orker s in selecte d m anufacturing in du stry grou p s, by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e arn in g s, 1 for m etrop olitan and nonm etropolitan a r e a s , United S ta te s and se le cte d reg io n s, 2 May 1958— Continued F u rn itu re and fix tu re s A v erage hourly M m i n o gfs * earn in t l 1 (in cen ts) United State s M e tro politan N orth e a st Nonm e tro politan South Non m e tro politan M e tro politan M e tro politan Nonm e tro politan North C en tral M e tro politan West Nonm e tro politan Under 100 ___________ 0. 1 0.2 ( 3) 0. 1 0.5 0.3 ( 3) _ 3. 1 1.4 3. 0 1.9 11.0 1.5 3. 0 3 .4 4 .4 3 .3 3 .5 10.9 4. 1 7 .6 4 .9 4. 1 19.5 12.7 11. 1 9 .4 0.9 .5 2 .9 2 .4 2.8 8.6 1.2 .8 1. 1 7 .8 4. 1 4 .8 10. 1 4. 0 3. I 4 .8 3. 1 2 .5 7 .4 5 .2 4 .4 4. 0 3. 1 1.8 2. 1 2.6 2.0 9 .8 5 .6 6 .3 8 .3 3 .9 7 .2 5. 0 3 .7 3 .2 2.0 4 .7 2 .7 100 105 110 115 120 and and and and and under under under under under 1 0 5 ___ 110 _ 115 ___ 1 2 0 ___ 125 ___ 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 1 3 0 ___ 1 3 5 ___ 1 4 0 ___ 1 4 5 ___ 150 ___ 150 160 170 180 190 and and and and and under under under under under 1 6 0 ___ 170 ___ 1 8 0 ___ 190 ___ 2 0 0 ___ 2.0 3 .4 2 .3 2 .7 2.6 2. 0 6 .3 6 .3 6.2 7 .0 5 .0 7 .6 7. 1 6. 1 5 .8 3 .2 3 .4 2 .9 6 .7 5 .5 4 .9 4 .7 3 .6 5 .7 6 .9 5 .4 5 .4 3 .9 6 .9 5 .9 5 .9 6. 1 4 .2 4 .5 3 .3 2.8 1.6 8.2 1.3 1.2 4 .2 2 .7 .1 2 .5 1.5 1.3 .7 .4 2 ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 6 .4 5 .2 7. 1 4 .9 3 .9 3. 0 250 260 270 280 290 ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 3 .4 2 .3 1.9 1.0 under under under under under 260 270 280 290 300 2.0 1. 1 3 .2 1.9 2 .4 6 .7 5 .3 4 .5 5 .2 3 .5 2 0 0 and under 2 1 0 2 1 0 hnd under 2 2 0 220 and under 230 230 and under 240 240 and under 250 and and and and and 1.2 1.8 1.4 1.6 .8 .4 .3 .3 .3 2.8 2 .3 ' 6.6 2 .7 2 .9 2 .7 5. 0 6 .5 4 .7 3 .9 4. 0 6.6 6.6 8.0 8.0 10. 1 M e tro politan ( 3) 0.5 .2 .4 .2 .6 .8 .4 .7 1.3 .9 5 .6 6 .3 6.6 6.8 9 .4 7 .9 6 .7 .7 .4 .3 .5 .3 6 .7 6.7 7 .3 5 .9 5. 1 5. 0 3 .2 2 .3 3. 1 1.5 9 .2 5 .3 7 .5 4 .3 4 .3 .4 .4 .1 .1 .1 •1 3 .6 2 .4 2. 1 1.7 1. 1 1.5 .4 1.9 .1 3 .4 3 .8 3. 0 2. 1 .3 4. 1 2 .5 1.8 2 .2 1.7 .1 .6 1.6 1. 0 1.2 9 .6 .6 .7 .6 .5 9 .2 7 .4 1.8 300 and o v e r __ _____ 6.2 .9 5 .8 1.9 5 .5 1.2 14.2 T o tal __________ 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 Num ber of w o rk e rs (in th o u s a n d s )______ 196 120 58 26 40 58 72 34 25 A v e rag e hourly e arn in g s 1 __________ $ 1 .9 5 $ 1.46 $ 1.97 1.62 $ 1.65 $ 1.25 $ 2 . 00 1.68 $ 2 .2 3 See footnotes a t end of table $ $ 49 T A B L E 13. E stim a te d p ercen tage d istribu tio n of n on su p ervisory w o rk e rs in selecte d m anufacturing in du stry grou p s, by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e arn in g s, 1 for m etrop olitan and nonm etropolitan a r e a s , United S ta te s and selecte d reg io n s, a M ay 1958— Continued P rin tin g, publishing, and a llie d in d u strie s A v erage hourly earn in g s 1 (in cen ts) U nited State s M e tro politan Nonm e tro politan N orth east M e tro politan South Nonm e tro politan Under 100 ___________ 0.2 2 .5 0. 1 100 105 110 115 120 and and and and and under under under under under 105 ___ 1 1 0 ___ 1 1 5 ___ 1 2 0 ___ 1 2 5 ___ 3 .7 1.3 1.9 1.4 1.7 7 .9 2 .4 4 .4 3 .9 2 .3 3 .7 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 130 ___ 135 ___ 1 4 0 ___ 1 4 5 ___ 150 3 .5 2.0 2. 1 2 .3 2.2 4. 1 2 .5 2 .4 2 .3 1.5 2 .3 2. 1 2 .4 150 160 170 180 190 and and and and and under 1 6 0 ___ under 1 7 0 ___ under 180 ___ under 1 9 0 ___ under 2 0 0 ___ 5 .5 4 .4 4 .2 4 .0 2 .5 7 .3 5 .5 4. 1 4 .4 3. 0 5 .3 3 .8 4 .5 4. 0 2 .7 7 .4 6. 0 3 .5 5 .9 1.5 and and 220 and 230 and 240 and under 2 1 0 under 2 2 0 ___ under 230 ___ under 240 ___ under 250 ___ 4 .5 3. 1 3 .7 3 .9 3. 1 4 .8 2. 3 4 .6 2 .7 3 .5 2.0 3 .9 4 .8 250 260 270 280 290 under under under under under 260 __ _ 270 ____ 280 ___ 2 9 0 ___ 3 00 ___ 3 .3 2 .9 3 .3 4 .4 3 .3 3. 8 2 .9 2. 3 2.0 4. 0 2 .4 3 .7 5. 1 3 .7 300 and over _________ 2 5 .5 9 .5 200 210 and and and and and T o tal __________ Num ber of w o rk e rs (in thousands) A v erage hourly e arn in g s 1 __________ 2.8 2. 0 2.2 3 .5 2.2 2.6 21.2 0. 1 North C en tral NbnM e tro m etro politan politan 2 .9 0.3 2 .5 .4 3 .9 7 .6 8 .9 3 .5 5 .7 3 .2 3 .9 8.2 2.8 2.2 8 .9 3 .6 5 .3 3 .3 1.7 5 .2 3 .3 2. 1 4 .8 1.3 2 .7 2 .9 1.3 5. 1 3 .8 3 .5 3 .7 1. 1 2.0 2.0 2.8 2 .5 1.5 6 .4 3 .6 7 .5 6 .9 4 .8 3. 6 4. 1 6 .1 5 .5 4 .8 4 .3 2 .4 7 .5 5. 1 4. 0 4 .4 3 .9 4 .2 3. 7 2 .3 2 .4 2. 1 4 .3 2.8 4 .7 4. 1 2 .5 2 .4 2 3 .5 4 .6 2 .9 3 .8 1.9 4 .9 3. 0 2.6 2.8 1.9 .8 3 .2 3 .6 6 .4 3. 0 1.2 .8 3 .2 3 .5 4. 7 17.3 1. 0 2 8 .4 11.4 2.8 1.9 2.6 7 .9 2 .4 1.5 2 .5 .8 1.6 2 .7 2. 1 2.6 3 .9 1.4 2 2.6 1.6 .8 1.6 3 .4 2.2 1.9 .0 2 .9 3 .4 1.6 2.8 5 .6 . 1 2 3 .3 1.7 2. 1 1.6 4 .6 2.2 3 .2 .0 1. 0 2 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100. 0 604 138 250 35 83 32 214 53 $ 2 .3 3 $ 1. 87 $ 2 .2 9 $ 1. 77 $ 2 . 08 $ 1.69 $ 2 .3 6 $ 1.89 See footnotes at end of table 1.2 1.8 2.2 1.8 2.0 0.6 M e tro politan Non m e tro politan 50 T A B L E 13. E stim a te d p ercen tage d istribu tio n of n on su p ervisory w o rk e rs in se le c te d m anufacturing in dustry grou p s, by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e arn in g s, 1 fo r m etrop olitan and nonm etropolitan a r e a s , United S ta te s and selecte d reg io n s, 2 May 1958— Continued C h e m icals and a llie d p rodu cts A v e rag e hourly e arn in g s 1 (in cen ts) U nited State s M e tro politan m e tro politan U nder 1 0 0 ____________ ( 3) 0. 1 100 105 110 115 120 and and and and and under under under under under 105 ___ _ 1 1 0 ____ 1 1 5 ____ 120 _ _ _ 125 ____ 1.2 7 .3 .8 1 .4 1. 1 1. 1 1.2 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 130 135 ____ 1 4 0 ____ 145 ____ 150 ____ 1.4 1.7 1.0 1. 0 .8 1. 1 150 160 170 180 and and and and and under under under under under 1 6 0 ____ 1 7 0 ____ 180 ____ 1 9 0 ____ 2 0 0 ____ and and 220 and 230 and 240 and 250 260 270 280 290 under under under under under .9 .8 .3 N orth e ast NonM e tro m e tro politan politan South M e tro politan Nonm e tro politan North C e n tral NonM e tro m e tro politan politan _ _ 0. 1 .2 .0 .6 7 .0 ( 3) ( 3) 0 .3 .3 - 0. 1 ( 3) ( 3) 0 .3 1.7 .7 2 .8 ( 3) 1 .4 1.3 2.2 1.8 .2 1.6 9 .6 1.9 .7 1. 0 .'4 3 .4 1.9 1.4 1. 1 1.9 2 .3 1. 0 .5 .4 .7 .5 .8 .8 1. 1 1. 0 3. 1 3 .3 4 .0 3 .9 3 .5 1.7 2 .7 3 .7 4 .9 5 .8 4 .9 5 .5 5 .2 5 .3 7 .2 5 .6 3 .8 2 .9 8 .4 6 .5 4 .5 5 .6 3 .9 4 .2 4 .3 5. 1 7 .6 6.2 6 .9 4 .5 5 .5 8. 1 7 .8 1.3 1.9 Nonm e tro politan _ ( 3) 1. 1 1. 1 1. 1 West M e tro politan 2 .9 .7 .4 .6 1.4 .4 .1 2 .3 .7 .8 1. 1 .8 .2 1.9 1.5 .3 - 1.3 1.6 1.2 1.2 1.8 1.2 .9 4 .5 4 .4 4 .5 4 .8 5. 6 3 .9 3 .7 3 .9 5 .6 5 .6 4 .8 4 .7 4. 8 6 .4 under 2 1 0 ____ under 2 2 0 ____ under 230 ____ under 240 under 250 ____ 6 .3 7 .3 7 .8 7 .3 6 .7 5 .7 7. 0 6 .3 5 .3 10.8 8 .4 6 .7 .1 5 .4 3. 1 3. 1 4 .4 ____ ____ 4. 1 6.0 4 .6 3 .4 3 .7 4 .7 3 .7 2 .9 2. 1 1.3 3 .0 4 .6 1.4 1.9 .5 4 .7 5 .3 4 .8 5 .4 9 .7 3 .9 6 .9 5 .6 4. 1 6. 1 4 .8 4 .8 5 .2 2 .5 2 .7 5 .2 4 .8 4. 0 ____ ____ 4 .9 4 .7 4 .3 3 .3 4 .2 300 and o v er _________ 7 .7 6 .4 5 .4 1.6 12.5 9 .4 6 . 0 3 .5 7 .4 3. 0 T o ta l ___________ 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 N um ber of w o rk e rs (in th o u sa n d s)_______ 474 181 164 28 135 100 145 40 29 14 $ 2 . 12 $ 1.89 $ 2 .2 5 $ 2 . 19 $ 2 . 19 $ 2 . 06 $ 2 . 33 $ 2 . 26 190 200 210 and and and and and 260 270 280 290 300 A v e rag e hourly e a r n in g s 1 1.5 1.3 $ 2 . 19 See footnotes at end of tab le . 6.8 6.8 $2 . 12 6 .7 8 .5 2.2 4. 1 2.8 4. 1 8.8 7 .7 5 .8 5 .7 12.7 8 3. 0 2.8 1.6 .1 .1 .6 .4 5 .5 2. 1 4 .9 3 .0 5 .4 3 .7 2.6 5 .3 5 .6 6.8 6.6 6.6 8 .3 7 .9 10.9 5. 0 10.8 6.2 15.6 13.7 11.5 12.4 11.8 2.6 .4 7 .2 6.8 4 .5 3 .8 1.7 3 .7 6 .3 5. 1 5. 1 5 .8 3. 0 2 .0 51 'TABLE 13. E stim a te d p ercen tage d istribu tio n of n on su p ervisory w o rk e rs in selecte d m anufacturing in du stry grou p s, by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e arn in g s, 1 for m etrop olitan and nonm etropolitan a r e a s , United S ta te s and se le c te d reg io n s, 2 May 1958— Continued P ro d u c ts of petroleum and co al A v erag e hourly e arn in g s 1 (in cen ts) United S ta te s NonM etro m e tro politan politan L ea th e r and le ath er p rodu cts United State s NonM etro m e tro politan politan N orth e ast Non M etro m e tr o politan politan South Non m e tro politan North C en tral M e tro politan Non m e tro politan Under 100 ____________ ( 3) 1.2 0.2 0 .3 0.3 ( 3) 0 .4 _ 0.6 100 105 110 115 120 and and and and and under under under under under 1 0 5 ____ 1 1 0 ____ 115 ____ 1 2 0 ____ 125 ____ ( 3) ( 3) 2 .3 1. 1 .1 11.3 6 .9 8.0 5 .5 4. 1 12.3 5 .2 7 .6 5. 0 5 .3 5 .6 4. 1 3 .2 4 .9 4 .7 4 .5 18.2 8 .4 .8 1.6 18.0 7. 1 8. 1 5 .7 5 .3 31. 1 9 .2 8 .3 ( 3) ( 3) 9 .3 5 .8 7. 0 5. 1 4 .3 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 130 ____ 1 3 5 ____ 1 4 0 ____ 145 ____ 150 ____ 0.6 .1 .2 .7 5 .2 4 .7 4 .3 3 .7 3 .9 5 .9 3 .8 3. 8 3 .2 2 .4 5 .6 4 .9 4 .2 3 .9 3. 3 5. 1 3 .8 3 .5 3 .3 3 .3 5 .9 5 .3 3 .7 3 .3 3 .5 4 .8 4 .8 4 .8 3. 8 5. 0 150 160 170 180 190 and and and and and under under under under under 1 6 0 ____ 170_____ 1 8 0 ____ 190 ____ 2 0 0 ____ 1. 1 1. 1 1.6 2 .3 1 .4 3 .3 2 .4 1.9 3 .4 7 .2 5 .4 5 .5 5 .5 3 .5 7 .4 5 .2 4 .2 3 .7 2 .5 7. 0 5. 0 4 .6 4 .6 2 .7 8 .4 5 .9 4. 8 4 .6 3. 1 5 .5 4 .3 2 .9 7 .6 6 .5 .8 7 .5 5 .7 7 .2 4 .9 4. 0 3 .4 2 .4 3 .7 2 .7 2 .5 2. 1 2 .7 2.0 3 .5 2 .3 .1 1.9 1.3 .7 4 .2 4 .5 3 .2 3 .0 1.9 2 2 1.6 3 .9 2 .4 2.0 1.3 1. 0 2 .4 1.2 .3 .9 .7 .5 .4 .3 .1 .1 ( 3) 1.6 1.2 1.2 1. 1 .9 .8 .8 .4 .2 .3 .1 ( 3) . 1 1.4 .2 2 0 0 and under 2 1 0 2 1 0 and under 2 2 0 220 and under 230 230 and under 240 240 and under 250 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 250 260 27 0 280 290 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ and and and and and under under under under under 260 270 280 290 300 300 and ov er ______ __ .3 .3 6.0 6.0 6 .7 7 .2 5 .5 1.2 .9 1.4 .6 .8 2.0 4 .3 4. 0 10.3 9 .0 5 .7 4. 0 4. 1 * 3 .3 2 .7 1.6 1.6 .9 .7 2 8 .4 6 .9 9 .2 7 .4 11. 1 7 .8 2.2 1. 1 1. 0 1. 0 .6 .7 .5 .4 .3 .2 .7 19. 1 6 .3 2.8 .9 3 .3 8 .5 5 .7 7 .5 8.2 1. 8 6.8 2. .0 1.3 .6 .4 .3 6 8.6 5 .9 5 .2 .0 . 1 1. 5 .7 .5 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 Num ber of w o rk e rs (in thousands) _______ 167 31 166 155 122 70 29 35 56 A v e rag e hourly earn in g s 1 --------------- $ 2 .5 7 $ 2 .3 7 $ 1.61 $ 1.42 $ 1.59 $ 1.53 $ 1.27 66 $ 1.37 T o ta l _________ See footnotes at end of table $ 1. 52 t a b u E stim a te d p ercen tage d istribu tio n of n on su p ervisory w o rk e rs in se le cte d m anufacturing in du stry g ro u p s, by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e arn in g s, 1 fo r m etrop olitan and nonm etropolitan a r e a s , United S ta te s and selecte d re g io n s, * M ay 1958— Continued : 13. Stone, clay , and g la s s produ cts A v erag e hourly e arn in g s 1 (in ce n ts) United State s M e tro politan Under 1 0 0 .......................... ( 3) 3. 0 (3 ) - 2 .9 0 .3 .3 . 1 .9 1. 1 0. 1 .1 2.2 .1 7 .7 5 .4 4 .6 4 .4 3. 1 0 .3 ( 3) .1 .1 1.4 .3 under under under under under 130 ____ 1 3 5 ____ 1 4 0 ____ 1 4 5 ____ 1 5 0 ____ 2 .9 1 .4 2 .5 1.8 2.6 1.7 1.9 3 .4 2 .4 150 160 170 180 190 and and and and and under under under under under 1 6 0 ____ 170 ____ 180 ____ 190 ____ 2 0 0 ____ 5 .6 7 .3 9 .6 11.4 7 .9 and and and 230 and 240 and under 2 1 0 ____ under 2 2 0 ____ under 230 ____ under 240 ____ under 250 ____ 7 .4 7. 8 5 .8 5. 1 3. 8 250 260 270 280 290 under under under under under 3 .6 300 and over ________ T o t a l __________ _ N um ber of w o rk e rs (in t h o u s a n d s ) _ ___ _ A v e rag e hourly earn in g s 1 ___________ .2 1.8 .5 1.3 1.3 2 .3 1.6 1.6 .3 .3 1.9 1.7 5 .3 3 .7 .8 10.5 2.2 .5 .6 .2 3. 1 2 .4 2 .3 1.7 3. 1 2.2 1.0 5. 1 7 .7 9 .7 7. 1 7 .9 8.6 6.0 8.8 4. 8 9 .0 10. 1 9 .0 8. 8 9 .7 6.8 8. 0 3. 7 7 .5 4 .9 4 .7 7 .6 .1 5 .8 12. 1 16.7 10. 1 7 .0 4 .9 4. 1 3 .4 2 .5 8.8 7. 1 5 .7 4 .6 3. 0 10.5 5 .4 6. 1 4 .5 3 .8 4. 0 3 .4 3 .2 3. 1 1.5 5 .2 4 .6 3 .6 2 .9 1.7 7 .6 10.3 6. 1 6. 1 3 .2 2 .3 2. 1 1.5 .9 1. 0 4 .7 3 .7 4 .4 2. 0 1.2 .9 1.5 2.8 1.2 I. 1 .7 .5 .3 .4 .5 .1 .7 .1 2 .9 1 .4 1 .4 1. 1 4 .2 4 .0 3 .6 7 .5 3 .2 2 .3 4 .2 2.6 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100. 0 254 199 88 54 42 63 94 69 $ 1.87 $ 1 .9 9 $ 2 .0 8 $ 1.72 $ 1.63 $ 2 . 05 2.6 $2. 00 See footnotes at end of table Nonm e tro politan - and and and and and ____ ____ ____ _ __ _ _ ____ M e tro politan - 125 130 135 140 145 260 27 0 280 290 300 M e tro politan Non m e tro politan 0 .9 105 ____ 110 ____ 115 ____ 120 ____ 1 2 5 ___ and and and and and M e tro politan North C en tral South Nonm e tr o politan 1 100 and under 105 and under 1 1 0 and under 115 and under 120 and under 200 210 220 N orth e a st .7 0 . Nonm e tro politan 2.2 6.2 7 .9 9 .3 9 .6 2.8 1.2 3 .3 .6 2.0 4 .8 5. 1 4. 8 4 .6 3 .6 . 5 .4 3 .5 .1 .4 1.6 1.4 1.7 3 .7 4 .4 .6 .5 2.0 .8 6 6.8 8 .3 9 .9 16.6 11.7 7. 0 5 .4 3. 0 2.8 1,8 2 .5 2.0 1. 1 .6 1.6 1.6 1.4 .5 .4 $ 1.8 8 53 T A B L E 13. E stim a te d p ercen tage d istribu tio n of n on su p ervisory w o rk e rs in selecte d m anufacturing in dustry grou p s, by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e arn in g s, 1 fo r m etrop olitan and nonm etropolitan a r e a s , United S ta te s and se le cte d reg io n s, 2 M ay 1958— Continued F ab rica te d m etal products A v erage hourly p arn in a s * e a r n in g s 1 (in cen ts) Under 100 United State s NonM e tro m e tro politan politan ( 3) ___ ___ ___ ___ N orth e a st NonM e tro m etropolitan politan 0. 1 _ 0 .9 .4 .4 .5 1.5 .9 0 .4 .4 .8 1.4 2 .4 10.0 1.6 1. 1 2. 1 1.8 1.6 3 .2 4 .6 1.9 8.6 and and and and and under under under under under 105 110 115 120 125 .7 1.4 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 1 3 0 ___ 135 140 145 ___ 150 ___ 1.9 1. 3 1.5 1.7 1.9 4 .2 4. 1 4 .6 3 .2 2.2 2.0 150 160 170 180 190 and and and and and under under under under under 160 ___ 170 180 ___ 190 ___ 2 0 0 ___ 4 .8 5 .4 6 .9 6 .3 6.3 5 .5 7 .5 5 .9 7 .2 5 .3 8 .3 8 .4 6 .9 5 .9 4 .7 11. 1 8.2 5. 8 and under 2 1 0 and under 2 2 0 220 and under 230 230 and under 240 240 and under 250 ___ ___ ___ 250 260 270 280 290 ___ ___ ___ 200 210 ___ .4 .6 1.2 M e tro politan _ 100 105 110 115 120 1.6 South 1.2 1.6 1.6 2.2 4. 1 5. 0 ( 3) .9 7 .2 3 .2 5 .6 5 .9 2 .9 1.7 4. 0 4 .4 3 .3 1.4 2 .4 2 .4 3. 0 5 .4 6 .4 8. 0 6 .4 6. 1 8 .7 10.4 5 .9 5. 1 5 .4 5. 1 7 .3 5 .5 4 .6 7. 1 4 .5 9 .4 3. 1 9. 1 8. 1 7 .6 5 .4 5. 1 8 .9 7 .5 4 .6 2 .4 1.4 2.2 3. 1 .8 11.7 5 .3 2 .9 3 .3 2. 1 1. 1 3 .7 1.9 1.6 1.2 1. 0 .2 2 .7 .1 300 and over _ _______ 6 .7 2 .3 4 .6 4. 0 2 . T o tal __________ 100 . 0 100 . 0 100 . 0 100 . 0 100.0 732 144 255 38 89 $ 1.89 $ 2 . 07 $ 1. 84 1.86 N um ber of w o rk e rs (in th ousand s) _ ____ A v erag e hourly e arn in gs 1 __________ $2. 12 See footnotes at end of table 1.2 .7 1.4 8.2 .6 ___ 12.8 5 .9 7 .3 4 .3 4 .6 2.2 260 270 280 290 300 .4 1.6 $ 1 _ ( 3) 0.6 .2 .6 1. 0 3. 1 1. 7 under under under under under _ North C en tral NonM etro m e tro politan politan 1.7 5 .6 6 .5 6. 0 3. 0 5 .5 3 .9 3. 1 1. 8 and and and and and Non m e tro politan .8 1.2 1. 1 1.3 1.8 4 .3 5. 0 7. 1 7. 3 6.8 8.0 9 .5 6 .4 6 .4 4 .6 M e tro politan Nonm e tro politan ( 3) 1. 1 .4 .8 .6 .6 .5 W est _ 0.3 .1 .3 ( 3) .6 - .5 (*) .8 0. 1 ( 3) 4. 1 .8 1. 8 4 .9 3. 0 1. 0 1. 1 .6 4 .7 5 .9 7. 1 7 .2 6 .7 4 .5 1.7 3 .4 3 .2 3 .7 .2 2.2 6 .5 7 .4 3 2 .5 2 9 .9 13.5 1.5 3 .9 .9 12.9 8 .7 6 .4 6. 1 4 .6 3 .7 12.2 1. 1 1.4 .5 .1 . 1 5 .7 3 .5 3. 0 1.9 2 .4 4. 1 2. 1 . 1 8. 0 2 100 . 0 6. 1 6.8 7 .4 . . 1 1 .5 1.4 1.7 3 .6 . 1 . 1 1.9 .5 2 2 1. 0 5. 0 3 .3 4 .6 . 1 14.2 2. 1 100 . 0 100 . 0 100 . 0 100 . 0 22 318 76 70 7 $ 1.64 $ 2 . 15 $ 1.97 $ 2 .4 2 $ 2 . 19 1.6 .7 54 ■ TA BLE 13. E stim a te d p ercen tag e d istribu tion of n on su p ervisory w o rk e rs in selecte d m anufacturing in du stry grou p s, b y .av erag e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e arn in g s, 1 fo r m etrop olitan and nonm etropolitan a r e a s , United S ta te s and selecte d re g io n s, 2 M ay 1958— Continued M achinery (except e le c tr ic a l) A v erag e hourly p arn i n o a 1 e a r n in g s * (in cen ts) Under 1 0 0 ........................ under under under under under 0 . 1 ( 3) .4 .1 .5 .3 1.7 0.2 1. 1 .8 .8 .3 .7 .9 1.5 1.3 .8 .9 2 . 1 2.2 125 130 135 140 145 and under and under and under and under and-under 130 135 ___ 140 145 150 ___ .7 .7 .9 1. 0 .8 1.5 1.9 1.9 1.7 150 160 170 180 190 and and and and and 160 17 0 180 190 200 ___ ___ ___ ___ 3 .5 4. 1 4 .9 5 .7 5 .7 5 .5 5 .7 7 .2 8.5 7. 1 4 .3 4. 1 5 .5 and under 2 1 0 and under 2 2 0 220 and under 230 230 and under 240 240 and under 250 ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 7 .4 8 .3 8 .3 8 .4 6. 1 7 .7 9 .3 8. 1 5 .9 4 .4 8. 250 260 270 280 290 ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ 6. 1 4 .9 4. 1 3 .3 2 .7 4. 1 2.8 and and and and and under under under under under 260 270 280 290 300 ___ ___ ___ .6 .8 .9 1. 0 1 .4 1.6 1.2 1. 1 .8 6.8 6 .9 5 8.7 8.2 7 .7 5 .6 South M etro politan _ ( 3) .4 .1 and and and and and 2 00 210 ___ N orth east NonM etro m e tro politan politan 100 105 110 115 120 under under under under under 105 110 115 120 125 United State s Non M etro m e tro politan politan 0.6 .3 1.3 1. 1 1.7 Nonm e tro politan M e tro politan Non m e tro politan _ _ ( 3) ( 3) .6 •. 8 ( 3) ( 3) 0. 1 0.2 .2 ( 3) ( 3) 0 .4 ( 3) .3 2 2.2 W est .0 .8 ( 3) 2 .4 1. 0 - .9 1.9 .4 1.4 3 .8 1.5 3 .3 2 .4 3. 0 1.8 1.2 1.8 1. 8 1.6 .3 .4 .5 .8 .7 1.3 1. 1 1.5 1. 5 1. 1 .8 7 .3 8 .9 8.8 7 .8 6 .4 7 .3 7 .5 7 .2 7 .5 9. 1 8 .5 9 .0 10.7 2 .7 3 .6 4 .3 4 .9 4 .8 4. 1 4 .3 6. 0 8. 1 6.3 2 .9 4 .8 5 .5 5 .9 6.0 1.5 ( 3) 1. 1 1. 0 .9 8.5 7 .7 .0 4 .3 4. 0 7 .9 .1 5 .4 6 .5 4 .5 4 .9 6.8 3 .7 4 .6 2. 1 8 .3 8 .9 9. 1 6 .4 8.2 11. 1 9 .9 7 .4 5 .5 6 .9 7 .8 6 .4 7 .9 7 .4 ,7 5. 1 17. 1 5. 0 .9 2 .7 3 .5 2 .4 2 .3 4 .9 4 .4 3 .6 3 .3 4 .4 2 .3 2 .7 2 . 1 1.3 8 .5 7 .8 4. 0 3 .6 2 .9 16.4 16.7 2 .7 9 .3 8 .4 8.8 10. 0 2 .7 2.6 2 .7 6.8 6 6 11.8 6.6 1.3 5 .8 4 .6 3 .9 2 .9 2. 1 2.2 2. 1 1. 0 .9 2.6 1.2 3 .6 3. 1 3 .5 .8 .5 2.6 1. 8 North C e n tral Non M e tro m e tr o politan politan .2 6.2 300 and over _________ 10.5 3 .7 6 .9 3. 1 2 .9 1. 0 13.8 4 .3 T o ta l ---------------- .1 .5 .9 .5 2.6 - .2 .1 100 . 0 100 . 0 100 . 0 1 00 . 0 100. 0 1 00 . 0 1 00 . 0 100 . 0 1 00 . 0 1 00 . 0 Num ber of w o rk e rs (in th o u s a n d s )______ 888 385 294 134 51 43 483 197 60 11 A v erag e hourly earn in g s 1 __________ $ 2 .2 9 $2.20 $ 1.94 $ 1.96 $ 1. 8 9 $ 2 . 37 $ 2 . 08 $ 2 .3 2 $ 2 . 53 See footnotes at end of table $2 . 02 55 T A B L E 13. E stim a te d p ercen tag e d istribu tio n of n on su p ervisory w o rk e rs in selecte d m anufacturing in dustry grou p s, by a v e ra g e stra ig h t-tim e hourly e arn in g s, 1 for m etrop olitan and nonm etropolitan a r e a s , United S ta te s and selecte d reg io n s, 2 M ay 1958— Continued E le c tr ic a l m ach in ery, equipm ent, and su p p lies A v erage hourly earn in g s 1 (in cen ts) United State s Nonm e tro politan politan Northe ast Nonm e tro politan politan Instrum en ts and relate d products North C en tral NonM etro m e tro politan politan United S ta te s NonM e tro m e tro politan politan Under 1 0 0 ...................... (3 ) 0. 1 ( 3) 0. 1 ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) 100 105 110 115 120 and and and and and under under under under under 105 ____ 110 ____ 115 ____ 120 ____ 1 2 5 ____ 0.2 .5 .5 1.4 0.2 .2 .’ 3 ( 3) 0. 1 .1 1. 0 0 .9 3 .3 2 .3 .6 1.2 1.3 2 .5 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 130 ____ 135 ____ 140 ____ 1 4 5 ____ 150 ____ 1.9 1.5 2 .5 2.0 .1 3 .9 4 .7 4 .8 4 .5 150 160 170 180 190 and and and and and under under under under under 160 170 180 190 6 .4 7 .9 7 .9 7 .4 7 .2 10. 0 200 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 2 0 0 and under 2 1 0 2 1 0 and under 2 2 0 220 and under 230 230 and under 240 240 and under 250 ____ ____ ____ ____ ____ 7. 1 7 .2 5 .2 4 .7 - 260 ____ 270 ____ 280 ____ 2 9 0 ____ 300 ____ 250 and 2 6 0 and 270 and 280 and 290 and under under under under under 300 and ov er _ ____ __ .3 .3 3. 1 1.5 .4 2 .3 1.5 1.3 1.2 .6 2 .7 1.8 6. 1 2 .3 2. 1 2 .3 2. 6 5 .5 4 .8 4 .4 6.8 7. 0 8.0 8 .9 8 .4 7 .5 7 .0 5 .6 4 .5 4 .3 3 .3 6 .5 6 .7 5 .5 4 .6 4 .2 4 .3 3. 0 2 .7 2 .5 1.7 2.8 1.8 1.8 5 .9 2 2.2 6.2 2 7 .4 8. 1 5 .7 .3 .7 1. 0 2 .7 .6 1. 0 1. 1 .2 2.2 1.7 1.5 3. 0* 6..2 • ( 3) _ 1. 0 1. 0 1.6 .8 .8 3. 1 3. 0 2. 1 1.5 2 .3 1.9 2 .5 5 .9 4 .6 3 .2 3 .5 North C en tral NonM e tro m e tro politan politan ( 3) ( 3) 0.8 1.9 .9 1.3 2 .5 6 .4 .5 .8 .6 1. 1 1.4 2 .5 3 .3 3 .5 4 .7 4 .9 1.9 3. 0 4 .7 3 .3 1.7 l.*9 4 .3 5 .7 4 .4 3. 7 3. 8 7 .9 7 .7 7 .9 5 .6 7. 1 6. 1 8.6 6.8 6.6 7. 0 14.2 6 .7 9. 1 6 .5 5 .8 5. 0 5 .7 6. 1 6 .9 5 .9 8 .5 7 .7 6 .4 6 .9 7 .6 4. 7 5. 1 5 .3 7 .4 5. 6 4 .7 4 .8 3 .5 7 .4 7 .8 6.9 5 .8 5.2 5 .7 4 .2 3.7 7 .6 5. 3 5. 0 4. 1 6 .5 4 .7 2.8 7. 0 7 .3 6 .9 6 .4 5. 0 2.8 3 .7 3 .4 2.0 2. 1 1.2 4 .6 3 .5 5. 1 4 .4 1.5 2.6 .5 .4 5 .5 5 .3 2 .9 2 .9 1.3 .9 .3 .4 .2 2.2 .1 1.8 1.2 .8 6 .7 .4 5 .3 1.8 2.2 2.6 1.6 1.3 2 .7 2 .5 1.2 1.6 1 .4 1.7 5. 1 1.8 6 .5 .0 .8 1.3 .7 1. 1 N orth east Non M e tro m e tro politan politan 2.8 2.6 6.6 2.8 1.9 1.7 1. 1 1.5 1.6 8. 8 6.6 2.6 .8 2 .5 1. 8 2 .3 6 .3 2 .3 1.0 1.6 1.5 1.6 1. 8 6.6 6 .3 11.7 9 .0 6 .9 7. 0 6.8 6 .4 5.7 5. 0 3 .4 1.2 1.7 1.6 2.0 4 .4 6.2 5 .4 8.0 7 .9 7 .7 4 .4 7 .5 8 .3 12. 1 9. 1 13.3 6.5 7. 1 4. 1 5 .3 5 .6 4. 1 4 .6 2 .9 1.9 2.0 2.8 2. I 1.4 .8 .5 .4 T o ta l ___________ 100.0 1 0 0 .. 0 100.0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100.0 100.0 100. 0 Num ber of w o rk e rs (in th o u sa n d s)_______ 679 212 295 139 294 63 227 30 142 17 63 9 A v erag e hourly earn in g s 1 __ __ ____ $ 2 . 07 $ 1 . 86 $ 1 .6 9 $ 2 . 13 $ 1 .7 2 $ 2 . 08 $ 1.77 See footnotes at end of table $ 2 . 03 $ 1 . 8 8 $2 . 11 $ 1. 83 $2 . 11 56 T A B L E 13. E stim a te d p ercen tage d istribu tio n of n on su p ervisory w o rk e rs in selecte d m anufacturing in du stry groups, by a v e ra g e straig h t-tim e hourly e arn in g s, 1 fo r m etrop olitan and nonm etropolitan a r e a s , United S ta te s and selecte d reg io n s, 2 May 1958— Continued M isce lla n e o u s m anufacturing in d u strie s A v erag e hourly e arn in g s 1 (in cen ts) United State s M etro politan Under 100 0.2 Non m e tro politan ( 3) N orth e a st M e tro politan 0.2 ____ ____ ____ 5 .8 3 .3 5 .6 4. 0 3 .2 14.7 3 .4 4 .4 4 .4 3 .2 7 .5 4 .4 6 .9 4 .5 3 .6 ____ ____ ____ ____ .0 3 .9 5. 0 3. 3 5. 1 2.6 2.0 2.2 2.8 2 .3 6 .4 4 .2 5 .3 2 .9 2.6 8.2 6.2 5 .9 5 .9 3 .9 7 .0 4 .3 9 .3 6 .4 7 .5 5 .2 3 .5 100 105 110 115 120 and and and and and under under under under under 105 110 115 120 125 125 130 135 140 145 and and and and and under under under under under 130 135 140 145 150 150 160 170 180 190 and and and and and under under under under under 160 17 0 180 190 ____ 2 0 0 ____ ____ 6 7 .4 5 .5 3 .6 South Non m e tro politan 0. 1 3 .7 .9 4. 0 2 .3 M e tro politan ( 3) 9 .4 4. 0 4 .2 6.8 5. 0 2.7 3. 1 2 .5 2. 1 4. 5 .8 2.6 8 2.2 3 .4 2.8 2. 1 2 . 1 1.6 6.6 6.0 6 .5 5 .5 5. 1 4. 0 4. 1 5. 1 10. 1 5 .6 8.2 4 .8 5 .7 4. 1 5 .4 4 .5 3. 1 8 .5 3 .2 2. 1 1.7 2 .4 7 .0 5. 5 7 .3 .1 .4 ..6 1 ( 3) ( 3) 3. 7 3 .7 3 .9 3 .2 2 .7 4 .4 1. 8 1.7 1. 0 1.4 4. 0 1 .3 1. 8 1. 0 1.2 3 .3 3. 250 and under 260 2 6 0 and under 270 ____ 270 and under 280 ____ 280 and under 290 290 and under 300 ____ 2. 1 1. 1 1. 0 .6 2.0 2 .4 .9 .4 1.4 .8 .7 .6 .3 2 .4 3 .9 1. 1 2. 0 .8 2 .7 4. 0 2 .9 4 .7 .1 3 .5 2.2 .5 2.6 1.2 _ 17.4 6 .3 3 .7 3 .7 9 .0 2 .7 9 .4 1.2 5 .3 3 .8 0. 1 .7 3 .5 2 .7 3 .3 1.7 6.2 1.6 1.6 1. 0 2.6 No rth Cenitral Non M etro m e tr o politan politan 4 .9 6 .7 2 .3 4 .3 3 .7 6 .3 .1 5 .7 3 .7 .6 5 0 .3 7. 1 4. 0 3. 8 3. 1 3 .5 2. 1 1. 8 .4 ( 3) 2.2 2 0 0 and under 2 1 0 ____ 2 1 0 and under 2 2 0 220 and under 230 ____ 230 and under 240 240 and under 250 ____ 2 Nonm e tro politan 2.8 .6 2 .4 .5 .5 .2 1.2 ( 3) ( 3) .1 - 6.2 .6 .6 1.7 .7 .4 .4 .5 2 .4 3 .4 1.3 17.9 .3 8 .7 5 .5 T o tal ___________ 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 100. 0 N um ber of w o rk e rs (in th o u s a n d s )_______ 315 83 189 46 17 12 88 25 $ 1.73 $ 1.67 $ 1 . 62 $ 1. 85 $ 1 .9 2 $ 1 . 19 $ 1.87 $ 1.57 3 00 and ov er _________ A v e rag e hourly earn in g s 1 6 1 E x c lu d e s p rem iu m pay fo r o v ertim e and fo r w ork on w eekends, h olid ays, and late sh ifts. 2 See footnote 3, tab le 1 fo r listin g of S ta te s included in reg io n s. 3 L e s s than 0. 05 p ercen t. NOTE: D a sh es in dicate no data rep o rted or data that do not m eet publication c r it e r ia . vidual ite m s m ay not equal 100. B e c a u se of rounding, su m s of in di 57 T A B L E 14. C o m p ariso n of a rith m e tic m ean 1 with m e d ia n 2 hourly e arn in g s of production w o rk e rs in m anufacturing in du stry g rou p s, United S ta te s and re g io n s. M ay 1958 United S tate s South N ortheast North C en tral W est Item M ean T o tal production w o rk e rs ________________________ Ordnance and a c c e s s o r ie s _______________________ Food and kin dred p r o d u c ts __ __ _ __ _ T o b acco m an u factu res . _ . .... T e xtile m ill produ cts A p p are l and other fin ished p rodu cts m ade fro m fa b r ic s and s im ila r m a te r ia ls ____________ L um ber and wood p rodu cts (except fu r n itu r e )____ F u rn itu re and fix tu re s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ P ap e r and a llie d p r o d u c ts ______________________ _ P rin tin g , publishing, and a llie d i n d u s t r i e s ______ C h e m ic als and allie d p r o d u c t s ___________________ P ro d u c ts of petroleum and co al R ubber p ro du cts __ ____ _ _ _ _ __ ____ L eath e r and le ath er p ro du cts ___________ ___ Stone, clay, and g la s s p rodu cts _________________ P rim a r y m etal in d u strie s __ __ __ _ F a b r ic a te d m etal produ cts (except ordnance, m ach in ery, and tran sp o rtatio n e q u ip m en t)______ _____________ __ M achinery (except e le c tr ic a l) E le c t r ic a l m achinery, equipm ent, and su p p lie s ___ _ _____ ____ __ T ran sp o rtatio n equipm ent _ In strum en ts and relate d p rodu cts __ _ _ __ M isc e lla n e o u s m anufacturing in d u s t r i e s ________ _ M edian M ean M edian Mean $ 1.97 $ 1.96 $ 1.94 $ $ 1.63 1.88 $ 2 .2 8 1.78 1.58 1.42 $ 2 .2 9 1.79 1.60 1.34 1.55 1.48 1.50 1.61 1.74 1.84 2 .3 1 2. 17 2 .5 8 2 .1 7 1.52 1.93 2 .4 4 1.30 1.41 1.63 1.54 1.66 1.86 ' 1.82 2 .2 4 1.78 2 .2 7 2 . 09 - 1.42 1.41 1.78 1.75 2 . 16 2. 13 2.21 2 .6 1 1.38 1.88 2 .4 4 2 .0 7 2.21 2 . 00 2.20 1.68 1.88 - 2.20 2. 07 2 .3 8 2. 05 $ 1.95 2 .3 6 2 . 06 1.57 - 1.57 2 . 02 2 .4 2 2. 03 2 . 12 1.96 2 .3 8 . 09 1.64 2 $ 1.84 - - 1.41 1.96 2 .4 3 2. 03 2 . 11 1.94 2 .3 8 2 . 10 1. 56 $ 1.43 $ 2 . 13 $ 2 . 14 $ 2 . 2 6 $1.37 1.65 1.32 $ 1 . 19 1.69 1.28 $1.90 . $1.95 1.42 1. 19 1. 14 1.39 1.82 2. 05 1 . 10 • 1.42 2.21 - 1. 05 1.24 1.79 2 . 02 2 .2 9 - 1.29 1.65 2 .4 4 1. 19 1.57 2 .4 6 1. 83 1.93 1. 83 1 . 89 - 2 .2 6 - 1.56 1 Sum of individual hourly e arn in g s divided by num ber of w o r k e rs. 2 A v erag e hourly e arn in g s above and below which half the w o rk e rs w ere found. 3 See footnote 2, table 1 fo r listin g of S ta te s included in reg io n s. NOTE: D ash es indicate no data rep o rted or data that do not m eet publication c r it e r ia . M edian M ean M edian M ean M edian - 2 .3 2 - 1.27 - 1.54 1.62 1.88 1.88 2 .3 5 2 . 18 1.49 1.96 2 .4 5 . 11 2 .2 9 2. 05 2 .3 9 2. 04 1.77 2 1.29 1.55 1. 85 1.86 2 .2 8 2.21 1.38 1 . 89 2 .4 5 2. 09 2 .2 6 2 . 02 2 .3 5 2 . 06 1.62 $ 2 .2 4 $2 . 0 1 $ 1 . 9 8 “ * 1.60 2 .2 5 ' 2 . 19 2 . 11 2 .2 9 - 1.51 2. 15 2. 07 2 . 11 2 .3 1 - - - - - 2 .4 4 2 .4 1 2 .3 5 2 .3 6 2 .3 4 2 .3 9 - 2 .4 4 - - 2 .4 4 - 59 Appendix A t Scope and Method of Survey Scope of Survey The M a y 1958 s u r v e y o f e m p l o y e e e a r n in g s in m a n u f a c t u r i n g r e p r e s e n te d a ll e s t a b l i s h m e n t s h av in g one o r m o r e paid e m p l o y e e s and p r i m a r i l y e n ga g ed in m a n u f a c t u r i n g , as d e fin e d in the 1945 e d it i o n o f the Sta n da rd In d u s tr ia l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u al, p r e p a r e d b y the B u r e a u o f the B u d g e t. M a n u fa c t u r in g , thus d e fi n e d , in c lu d e s " t h o s e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s e n g a g e d in the m e c h a n i c a l o r c h e m i c a l t r a n s f o r m a t i o n o f i n o r g a n i c o r o r g a n i c s u b s t a n c e s into new p r o d u c t s and u s u a l l y d e s c r i b e d as p la n t s , f a c t o r i e s , o r m i l l s , w h ic h c h a r a c t e r i s t i c a l l y u s e p o w e r - d r i v e n m a c h i n e s and m a t e r i a l s h an d lin g e q u ip m e n t . " In c lu d ed in this d e f i n it io n , and h e n c e in the s u r v e y , a r e c e n t r a l a d m i n i s t r a t i v e o f f i c e s and o t h e r a u x i l i a r y u n its , s u c h as l a b o r a t o r i e s , w a r e h o u s e s , and p o w e r p l a n t s , a ff il ia t e d with and s e r v i n g th e s e p r o c e s s i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . E x c lu d e d f r o m this d e fi n it i o n a r e r e t a i l b a k e r i e s that s e l l m o s t o f th e ir p r o d u c t s on the p r e m i s e s and p r o c e s s o r s o f flu id m i l k that d is t r i b u t e t h e i r p r o d u c t f r o m h o u s e to h o u s e . (Th e la t t e r g r o u p is in c lu d e d in m a n u f a c t u r i n g in the 19 57 E d itio n o f the Stan dard I n d u s tr ia l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u al. ) M a n u fa c t u r in g a c t i v i t i e s c a r r i e d out b y g o v e r n m e n t a g e n c i e s , s u c h as N avy Y a r d s , a r e e x c l u d e d , but g o v e r n m e n t - o w n e d p r i v a t e l y o p e r a t e d f a c i l i t i e s a r e i n c lu d e d . S u r v e y c o v e r a g e ex ten d ed to 48 S tates and the D i s t r i c t o f C o l u m b i a . r e l a t e to a r e p r e s e n t a t i v e p a y r o l l p e r i o d en din g n e a r e s t M a y 15, 1958. Data The e a r n in g s data r e l a t e to p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s and, in m o s t i n d u s t r i e s , also to all n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s , of w h i c h p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s a r e the l a r g e s t g r o u p . The d e fin itio n s o f th e s e g r o u p s o f e m p l o y e e s a r e in c lu d e d in the q u e s t i o n n a i r e f o r m (ite m IV) a p p e n d ix B , but a r e r e p e a t e d u n d e r " D e f i n i t i o n o f T e r m s . " C o l l e c t i o n o f Data T w o s o u r c e s of p r i m a r y data w e r e u s e d in p r e p a r i n g th e s e e s t i m a t e s . W h e r e r e c e n t in d u s t r y w a g e s u r v e y s of the B u r e a u of L a b o r S t a t is t i c s w e r e a v a i l a b l e , data f r o m s u c h s u r v e y s — a d ju s te d f o r s u b s e q u e n t g e n e r a l w a g e c h a n g e s and e m p l o y m e n t s h ifts — w e r e i n c o r p o r a t e d into th e s e o v e r a l l e s t i m a t e s . S o m e o f th e s e i n d u s t r i e s w e r e stu d ied b y the B u r e a u in its own w a g e study p r o g r a m ( a u t o m o b il e and a u t o m o b i l e p a r t s , m e n ' s and b o y s ' su its and c o a t s , w o o l e n and w o r s t e d t e x t i l e s ) ; o t h e r s w e r e s tu died b y the B u r e a u f o r u s e of the D e p a r t m e n t o f L a b o r in d e t e r m i n a t i o n s o f m i n i m u m w a g e s to b e paid f o r w o r k on G o v e r n m e n t c o n t r a c t s u n d e r the W a l s h - H e a l e y A c t ( p a p e r and p u lp , c o t to n and s y n th e tic t e x t i l e s , n a r r o w f a b r i c s , t i r e s and t u b e s ) . T h e s e s u r v e y s c o v e r e d p r o d u c t i o n w o r k e r s o n ly . H e n c e , it w a s i m p o s s i b l e to p u b lis h data f o r a ll n o n s u p e r v i s o r y w o r k e r s in tota l m a n u f a c t u r i n g , as w e l l as in s o m e of the m a j o r i n d u s t r y g r o u p s . F o r a ll o t h e r s e g m e n t s o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g , data w e r e ob ta in ed b y m a i l in m o s t c a s e s . P e r s o n a l v i s i t s w e r e g e n e r a l l y c o n f in e d to l a r g e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , and to a s a m p l e o f a ll n o n r e s p o n d e n t s to the two m a i l r e q u e s t s . S a m p lin g P r o c e d u r e The p r i m a r y c o l l e c t i o n o f data w a s c o n d u c t e d on a s a m p l e b a s i s . The s a m p l e ca n b e d e s c r i b e d as a h ig h ly s t r a t i f i e d p r o b a b i l i t y s a m p l e . Data w e r e o b tained f r o m 8 , 0 0 8 m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s and a u x i l i a r y u n its , s e l e c t e d in a c c o r d a n c e w ith i n d u s t r y , l o c a t i o n , and e m p l o y m e n t s i z e . The s a m p l e d e s i g n w a s s u c h as to p e r m i t the p u b l ic a t i o n o f data f o r m a j o r i n d u s t r y g r o u p s , and f o r m o s t of the i m p o r t a n t r e l a t i v e l y l o w - w a g e i n d u s t r i e s ( 3 - d i g i t i n d u s t r i e s in the Sta n da rd I n d u s t r ia l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u a l). R e l a t i v e l y m o r e i n t e n s i v e s a m p l in g 60 w a s d one in the l o w e r w a g e i n d u s t r i e s and r e g i o n s in view o f the i m p o r t a n c e f o r p u b l ic p o l i c y o f a c c u r a t e l y d e t e r m i n i n g the n u m b e r o f w o r k e r s at the l o w e r e a r n in g s l e v e l s . In a ll c a s e s , the l is t s of e s t a b l i s h m e n t s f r o m w h i c h the s a m p l e w a s s e l e c t e d w e r e th o s e m a in ta in e d b y the State a g e n c i e s a d m i n i s t e r i n g the U n e m p l o y m e n t C o m p e n s a t i o n l a w s . T h e s e l i s t s show the e m p l o y m e n t , in d u s t r y c l a s s i f i c a tion , and l o c a t i o n o f a ll m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s c o v e r e d b y th o s e la w s in e a c h State. S in c e a n u m b e r o f States do n ot in c lu d e u n d e r su ch la w s e s t a b l i s h m e n t s with f e w e r than f o u r e m p l o y e e s , the s a m p l e did not in c lu d e a n y s u c h u n its . (See " M e t h o d o f E s t i m a t i o n " f o r t r e a t m e n t of the e m p l o y m e n t in s u c h e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . ) W ith in e a c h i n d u s t r y - r e g i o n a l g r o u p i n g , the s a m p l e w a s s o s e l e c t e d as to y i e ld the m o s t a c c u r a t e e s t i m a t e s p o s s i b l e w ith the r e s o u r c e s a v a i l a b l e . T h is w a s d on e b y i n c lu d in g in the s a m p l e a g r e a t e r p r o p o r t i o n o f l a r g e e s t a b l i s h m e n t s than o f s m a l l o n e s ---- in g e n e r a l , an e s t a b l i s h m e n t ’ s c h a n c e of i n c l u s i o n b e in g r o u g h l y p r o p o r t i o n a t e to its e m p l o y m e n t s i z e . The in itia l s o l i c i t a t i o n i n c lu d e d 1 2 ,8 5 3 e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . R e p l i e s w e r e r e c e i v e d f r o m 7 ,6 8 5 r e s p o n d e n t s o f w h i c h 773 w e r e not i n c lu d e d in the t a b u la t io n s . T h e s e l a t t e r w e r e e i t h e r n o n m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s and h e n c e out o f s c o p e o f the s u r v e y , out o f b u s i n e s s , o r u n u s a b le . Of the s li g h t l y m o r e than 5 ,0 0 0 n o n r e s p o n d e n t s , 1 , 0 9 6 w e r e c o n t a c t e d in p e r s o n b y B u r e a u f i e l d r e p r e s e n t a t i v e s . The s a m p l e in c lu d e d a p p r o x i m a t e l y 2 , 0 0 0 a d d itio n a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s f o r w h ic h data had b e e n c o l l e c t e d in r e c e n t l y c o m p l e t e d s u r v e y s . Thus the ta b u la tion s a r e b a s e d on data f r o m a bou t 1 0 ,0 0 0 e s t a b l i s h m e n t s . M e th o d of E s t i m a t i o n Data f o r e a c h e s t a b l i s h m e n t c o l l e c t e d w e r e w e ig h te d in a c c o r d a n c e with the p r o b a b i l i t y o f s e l e c t i o n o f that e s t a b l i s h m e n t . F o r i n s t a n c e , w h e r e 1 e s t a b l i s h m e n t out o f 10 w a s s e l e c t e d in a r e g i o n a l - s i z e - i n d u s t r y c l a s s , it w a s c o n s i d e r e d as r e p r e s e n t i n g i t s e l f and the 9 o th e r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , i. e. , w a s g iv e n a w e ig h t o f 10. T h u s , if the e s t a b l i s h m e n t had 1 w o r k e r at $ 1 . 8 9 an h o u r , it w o u ld c o n t r ib u t e 10 w o r k e r s at $ 1 . 8 9 to the fin a l e s t i m a t e . A l l e s t i m a t e d tota ls d e r i v e d f r o m s u ch w e ig h tin g p r o c e s s e s w e r e f u r t h e r a d ju s te d to the i n d u s t r y e m p l o y m e n t l e v e l s f o r M a y 19 58, as r e p o r t e d in the B u r e a u o f L a b o r S t a t is t i c s m o n t h l y s e r i e s f o r m a n u f a c t u r i n g . M a t e r i a l s f r o m the 1954 C e n s u s o f M a n u fa c t u r e s w e r e u s e d to d is t r i b u t e the United States tota ls f o r an i n d u s t r y into the r e g i o n a l c o m p o n e n t s sh ow n in this r e p o r t . A s n o tota ls o f n o n s u p e r v i s o r y e m p l o y m e n t a r e a v a i l a b l e , the r a t i o o f n o n s u p e r v i s o r y to tota l e m p l o y m e n t d e v e l o p e d in the s a m p l e w a s a p p lie d to the tota ls o f a ll e m p l o y e e s a v a i la b le f o r M a y 19 58 in the B L S M o n th ly S e r i e s . Data f o r e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith one to t h r e e e m p l o y e e s , w h i c h w e r e not i n c lu d e d in the s a m p l e , w e r e im p u te d to the e s t a b l i s h m e n t s w ith 4 to 19 e m p l o y e e s in the s a m e i n d u s t r y - r e g i o n s c l a s s . The f o r m e r in c lu d e l e s s than 1 p e r c e n t of m a n u f a c t u r i n g em p loy m en t-. No a s s u m p t i o n has. b e e n m a d e that the n o n r e s p o n d e n t s w e r e s i m i l a r to the r e s p o n d e n t s in t h e i r w a g e s t r u c t u r e . In o r d e r to m i n i m i z e the b ia s o f n o n r e s p o n s e , the s a m p l e r e t u r n s ob ta in ed b y p e r s o n a l v i s i t f r o m the n o n r e s p o n d e n t s to the m a i l q u e r y w e r e w e ig h te d to r e p r e s e n t a ll o th e r n o n r e s p o n d e n t s in the sam e in d u stry -re g io n a l-siz e cla s s e s . C r it e r ia f o r P u b lica tion of E stim a te from S in c e the data w e r e c o l l e c t e d on a s a m p l e b a s i s , the r e s u l t s m a y d i f f e r the fin d in g s that w ou ld h av e b e e n ob ta in ed f r o m a c o m p l e t e c e n s u s . A s a 61 r u l e , the p u b lis h e d e s t i m a t e s a r e b a s e d on a s a m p l e o f at l e a s t 50 e s t a b l i s h m e n t s to m i n i m i z e the p o s s i b i l i t y o f e x c e s s i v e s a m p l i n g e r r o r . W h e r e c e r t a i n im p o r t a n t s e g m e n t s o f the i n d u s t r y w e r e not r e p r e s e n t e d in the s a m p l e , e s t i m a t e s w e r e not sh ow n s e p a r a t e l y , e v e n though the s a m p l e a p p e a r e d to b e n u m e r i c a l l y l a r g e en ou g h . D e f in i t io n o f T e r m s E s t a b l i s h m e n t . ---- Data w e r e r e p o r t e d f o r in d iv id u a l e s t a b l i s h m e n t s r a t h e r than c o m p a n i e s . .An e s t a b l i s h m e n t is g e n e r a l l y d e fin e d as a s in g l e p h y s i c a l l o c a tion w h e r e b u s i n e s s is c o n d u c t e d . W h e r e two o r m o r e a c t i v i t i e s w e r e c a r r i e d on at a s in g l e e s t a b l i s h m e n t , the e n t i r e e s t a b l i s h m e n t w a s c l a s s i f i e d on the b a s i s o f its m a j o r a c t i v i t y in t e r m s o f s a l e s . All data f o r s u c h an e s t a b l i s h m e n t w e r e in c lu d e d in that c l a s s i f i c a t i o n . Data f o r a u x i l i a r y units o f m a n u f a c t u r i n g e s t a b l i s h m e n t s , s u c h as s e p a ra te o f f i c e s , and l a b o r a t o r i e s , w e r e in c lu d e d in this r e p o r t , and c l a s s i f i e d on the b a s i s of the m a j o r a c t i v i t y o f the m a n u f a c t u r i n g s e r v i c e d . P r o d u c t i o n W o r k e r s . ---- In clu d ed in this g r o u p a r e w o r k e r s e n g a g e d in f a b r i c a t i n g , p r o c e s s i n g , a s s e m b l i n g , i n s p e c t i n g , r e c e i v i n g , s t o r i n g , h a n d lin g, p a c k i n g , w a r e h o u s i n g , s h ip p in g , t r u c k in g , h a u lin g, m a in t e n a n c e , r e p a i r , j a n i t o r i a l , w a t c h m e n s e r v i c e s , p r o d u c t d e v e l o p m e n t , a u x i l i a r y p r o d u c t i o n f o r p l a n t ’ s own u s e (e. g. , p o w e r p i a n t ) , and r e c o r d k e e p i n g and o th e r s e r v i c e s c l o s e l y a s s o c i a t e d with the a b o v e p r o d u c t i o n o p e r a t i o n in c lu d in g w o r k i n g f o r e m e n , l e a d m e n , and t r a i n e e s . O ther N o n s u p e r v i s o r y W o r k e r s . ---- In clu d ed in this sup e r v is oFy^wor^eTs^ s u c h as o f f i c e and c l e r i c a l w o r k e r s , r o u t e m e n , w o r k e r s e n g a g e d in the in s t a ll a t io n and s e r v i c i n g the e s t a b l i s h m e n t , and f o r c e - a c c o u n t c o n s t r u c t i o n e m p l o y e e s tion of m a j o r a d d itio n s o r a l t e r a t i o n s w h o a r e u t i li z e d as a g r o u p a r e o th e r n o n ca feteria em p lo y e e s, o f p r o d u c t s m a d e in e n g a g e d in c o n s t r u c separate w ork fo r c e . E a r n in g s D a t a . —- F o r the p u r p o s e o f this stu dy , e a r n in g s data r e l a t e to s t r a i g h t - t i m e e a r n i n g s , e x c lu d in g p r e m i u m p a y f o r o v e r t i m e w o r k , and f o r w o r k on w e e k e n d s , h o l i d a y s , and late s h if ts . C o s t - o f - l i v i n g b o n u s e s and p r o d u c t i o n b o n u s e s a r e c o n s i d e r e d p a r t of the e a r n i n g s , but n o n p r o d u c t io n b o n u s e s a r e not. In d iv id u al a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s f o r e m p l o y e e s not paid b y the h o u r w e r e ob ta in ed b y d iv id in g tota l s t r a i g h t - t i m e e a r n in g s r e p o r t e d b y the n u m b e r of h o u r s paid f o r in the c o r r e s p o n d i n g p e r i o d . G r ou p a v e r a g e h o u r l y e a r n in g s p u b lis h e d in this r e p o r t w e r e ob ta in ed b y d iv id in g the sum of the h o u r l y e a r n in g s b y the n u m b e r of in d iv id u a ls r e p r e s e n t e d in the g r o u p tota l. R e g i o n s . ---- The r e g i o n s ta ble u s ed in this study a r e d efin ed in fo o t n o t e 2 to 1. M e t r o p o l i t a n . A r e a s . ---- The t e r m " m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a ” u s e d in this r e p o r t r e f e r s to the s ta n d a r d m e t r o p o l i t a n a r e a s e s t a b li s h e d u n d e r the s p o n s o r s h i p o f the B u r e a u of the B u d g et. T h e r e w e r e , as o f the p e r i o d c o v e r e d , 168 s u ch a r e a s in the c o u n t r y m e e t i n g c e r t a i n c r i t e r i a as to p o p u la tio n , d e g r e e of u r b a n i z a t i o n , c o n tig u ity , and p o p u la tio n d e n s it y . T h e s e a r e a s in c lu d e a ll m a j o r c i t i e s and th eir c o n tig u o u s s u b u rb a n a r e a s . T h e y in c lu d e a ll a r e a s co n ta in in g at l e a s t one c e n t r a l c i t y of 50, 000 o r m o r e , and in c lu d e c e r t a i n a r e a s a rou n d s u ch c i t i e s if they m e e t c e r t a i n c r i t e r i a of b e in g m e t r o p o l i t a n in c h a r a c t e r and e c o n o m i c a l l y in t e g r a te d with the c e n t r a l c ity . In d u s tr y G r o u p s and I n d u s tr ie s The d e fin itio n s of the m a n u f a c t u r i n g i n d u s t r i e s and in d u s t r y g r o u p s u s e d in this r e p o r t a r e c o m p l e t e l y d e fin e d in the 1945 e d it i o n of the Sta n da rd In d u s tr ia l C l a s s i f i c a t i o n M a n u al, p r e p a r e d b y the B u r e a u of the B u d g et. Appendix B Budget Bureau No. 44-R1006.3 Approval expires. June 30, 1959 BLS 2385 (Rev. *58) U. S . D E P A R T M E N T O F L A B O R B U R E A U O F L A B O R S T A T IS T IC S W a s h in g t o n 25, D. C. Your report will be held in confidence DISTRIBUTION OF STRAIGHT-TIME HOURLY EARNINGS IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRIES I. COMPANY IDENTIFICATION: r_ — | Location of establishm ent for which data are desired if different from mailing address II. MAJOR PRODUCTS OR SERVICES: (List separately all products or services for this establishment. The products listed should account for a total o f 80 percent or more o f last annual sales. Include in sales all receipts from nonmanufacturing activities, if any.) Approximate percent of sa le s Product or service III. PAYROLL PERIOD: May 15, 1958 The data reported should be for payroll period ending nearest Payroll period covered: From 19 __________________ ___________________ IV. Approximate percent of s a le s Product or service to 19 (date) ( d a t e ) ________________________________ EMPLOYMENT: Total " _____________________________________________________________________________ I 1 Enter total number o f employees (full-time and part-time) who received pay for payroll period covered. Nonsupervisory employees and working supervisors _______________________________ I 1 Enter number o f nonsupervisory workers, full-time and part-time (including working supervisors)who worked or received pay for any part o f the payroll period reported. Include persons on paid sick leave, paid holidays, paid vacations, and other paid leave. Exclude executive, professional, and supervisory employees above the working foreman level. (a) Production and related workers (plant workers) ______ __________________________ 1 .. - . -,..1 Enter total number o f nonsupervisory workers (full-tithe and part-time) engaged in fabricating, processing, assem bling, inspecting, receiving, storing, handling, packing, warehousing, shipping, trucking, hauling, maintenance, repair, janitorial, watchmen services, product development, auxiliary production for plant's own use (e. g., powerplant), and recordkeeping and other services closely associated with the above production operation. Include working foremen, leadmen, and trainees. (b) Other nonsupervisory workers __________________________________________________ I I Enter number o f other nonsupervisory employees, full-time and part-time, such as office and clerical workers, cafeteria employees, routemen, workers engaged in the installation and servicing o f products made in the estab lishment, and force-account construction employees engaged in construction o f major additions or alterations who are utilized as a separate work force. V. Do you have a piecework, bonus, or other type of incentive plan? Y es No L _ _ □ J If y e s, how many of the production (plant) workers are included in such plans? VI. How many production workers were paid a shift differential during the payroll period covered? VII. Do you want a copy of the Bureau’s report on this survey? Y es □ Name and title of person furnishing data No (= □ __________________ FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Schedule number Area Reg. State City siz e SIC code E st. siz e Weight Special charac. 63 Questionnaire VIII. WAGE RATES OF NONSUPERVBORY WORKERS: Hourly rate Use columns 1 and 2. Enter each straight-time hourly rate in the establishment in column 2, and the number of workers at each rate in column 1. Salary rate Use columns 1, 3, and 4. Enter each straight-time salary rate in the establishment in column 4, number of hours in column 3 for which straight-time salary rate is paid, and number o f workers in column 1 for each salary rate and hours entry. Use columns 1, 3* and 4. Enter earnings in column 4 for each worker paid on an incentive basis during payroll period. All incentive payments except premium Incentive earnings pay for overtime and shift work should be reflected in the earnings reported. In column 3 enter number of hours worked during payroll period. If average hourly earnings excluding overtime and shift premium pay for individual workers are readily available, enter such averages for each incentive worker in column 2 and leave columns 3 and 4 blank. If all data are identical for 2 or more workers, a single entry may be made and the number of workers entered in column 1. NOTE: EXCLUDE PREMIUM PAY FOR OVERTIME AND FOR WORK ON WEEKENDS, HOLIDAYS, AND LATE SHIFTS FROM ALL WAGE DATA REPORTED. OTHER NONSUPERVISORY WORKERS PRODUCTION (PLANT) WORKERS (Use this section to report data for all production and related workers including working supervisors. The total number o f workers reported should equal the number shown in this category in Section IV(a), page 1.) Number of workers - CD Hourly rate Salary rate or incentive earnings Hours for (2) (3) ( Use this section to report data for all other nonsupervisory employees not included in the opposite section. The total number o f workers reported should equal the number shown in this category in Section IV(b), page 1.) Number of workers Hourly rate Hours for Earnings f4) (1) Salary rate or incentive earnings (2) (3) Earnings (4) Examples: 2 1 3 $1,275 80.0 $148.75 37.5 $48.00 1 37.5 52.50 U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1959 0 — 51 1323
