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U.S. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS S E P T E M B E R 2 0 1 3 R E P O R T 1 0 4 3 Extended Mass Layoffs in 2012 period, with at least 50 workers separated for more than 30 days. Since 2004, the scope of the layoff data series was redefined to include only the private nonfarm economy. (See the technical notes section for additional information on the concepts and definitions used in this report.) In 2012, employers initiated 6,500 extended mass layoff events that resulted in the separation of more than 1.25 million workers. As indicated in table 1, the number of layoff events in 2012 decreased to its lowest level since 2007, while the number of associated separations increased to exceed the numbers reported for the 2 previous years. Fifteen of 18 major industry sectors Contents Industry distribution of extended mass layoffs ................ .2 T he U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) conducts the Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program to provide information on large-scale layoff events and the characteristics of the dislocated workers. This report summarizes data on extended mass layoffs for 2012. The MLS program defines an extended mass layoff event as the filing of 50 or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits against an employer during a 5-week Reasons for layoff and recall expectations ....................... 2 Demographics and characteristics of claimants affected by extended mass layoffs .................................................. 2 Geographic distribution of extended mass layoffs .………2 Chart 1: Extended mass layoff separations, by reason categories, 2002–2012 ...................................................... 3 Statistical tables ................................................................ 5 Technical notes ................................................................ 23 Mass Layoffs Data Discontinued On March 1, 2013, President Obama ordered into effect the across-the-board spending cuts (commonly referred to as sequestration) required by the Balanced Budget and Emergency Deficit Control Act, as amended. Under the order, the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) must cut its current budget by more than $30 million (5 percent of the current 2013 appropriation), by September 30, 2013. To help achieve these savings and to protect core programs, BLS eliminated two programs, including Mass Layoff Statistics, and all “measuring green jobs” products. BLS Reports │ September 2013 • www.bls.gov 1 E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 registered over-the-year increases in the numbers of separations in 2012, with the largest increases coming from the information, administrative and waste services, and retail trade sectors. However, layoff events and separations in the manufacturing sector declined to their lowest levels since BLS began recording annual MLS data in 1996. (See table 2.) associated with extended mass layoffs, followed by the completion of seasonal work (32 percent). The number of workers separated because of contract completion increased from 249,227 in 2011 to 357,518 in 2012—the largest increase among all reasons for layoff. (See table 4 and chart 1.) In 2012, 35 states had lower numbers of laid-off workers than they did in 2011. Fifty-seven percent of all private nonfarm employers reporting an extended mass layoff in 2012 indicated they anticipated some recall of dislocated workers, up from 55 percent in 2011. In 2012, the average national unemployment rate was 8.1 percent; in 2011, it was 8.9 percent. Private nonfarm payroll employment increased by 2.2 percent (about 2.4 million jobs), from 2011 to 2012. Fifty-seven percent of the private nonfarm employers reporting an extended mass layoff in 2012 indicated they anticipated recalling some dislocated workers, up from 55 percent a year earlier. Of those employers anticipating a recall, 30 percent indicated the offer would be extended to all displaced workers and 66 percent anticipated extending the offer to at least half the employees. Among those employers expecting to recall laid-off workers, 63 percent intended to do so within 6 months. Excluding extended mass layoff events due to seasonal work and vacation periods, in which employers expected to recall 93 percent of the workers, employers anticipated recalling the laidoff workers in 38 percent of the events. (See table 12.) However, in spite of the increasing expectation of recall, the time-frame for the recall has been trending upward, while the proportion of workers expected to be recalled has been trending downward for several years. (See table 12.) Industry distribution of extended mass layoffs Fifteen of 18 major industry sectors registered over-theyear increases in the numbers of separations in 2012, with the largest increases coming from the information, administrative and waste services, and retail trade sectors. Among all sectors, firms in administrative and waste services accounted for the largest number of separations due to extended mass layoffs in 2012. This represents the first occurrence in the Mass Layoffs program history that an industry other than manufacturing has recorded the greatest number of worker separations (annual data began in 1996). (See table 2.) In 2012, layoff events and separations in the manufacturing sector declined to their lowest levels in program history. Similarly, the numbers of laid-off workers in 13 of the 21 manufacturing subsectors decreased from the 2011 levels, with the largest declines occurring in plastics and rubber products, apparel, and paper. The largest increases in separations within the manufacturing sector were reported in food and in petroleum and coal products. Reasons for layoff and recall expectations Among all economic reasons for layoff in 2012, business demand factors accounted for 37 percent of the separations 2 In 2012, 8 percent of extended mass layoff events were permanent worksite closures, affecting 10 percent of all separated workers (121,972 workers in total), with both figures up slightly from the prior year. Closure-related worker separations were mostly attributable to financial issues (53,671), business demand reasons (26,739), and organizational changes (26,659). (See table 14.) During the year, the manufacturing and information sectors had the largest increases in closure-related separations. (See table 15.) Demographics and characteristics of claimants affected by extended mass layoffs Of the more than 1.3 million initial claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events in 2012, 40 percent were women, essentially unchanged from the prior year. Thirty-three percent of initial claimants associated with layoff events were BLS Reports │ September 2013 • www.bls.gov E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 Disaster/safety Chart 1 Extended mass layoff separations, by reason categories, 2002–20121 Year 2012 Disaster/safety 2011 Production specific Financial issues 2010 Organizational changes Business demand 2009 Seasonal 2012 2008 2011 2007 2010 2006 2009 2005 2008 2004 2007 2003 2006 2002 - 100,000 2005 200,000 300,000 400,000 500,000 Separation 600,000 700,000 800,000 900,000 2004 on layoffs due to other/miscellaneous reasons. chart excludes information Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics program. 1 The 2003 between the ages of 30 and 44, and 20 percent were 55 or for the weeks that followed the initial claim and included older; both percentages essentially unchanged from the the 12th day of the month). Among the 18 major industry 2002 prior year. (See tables 5 and 7.) To put these percentages sectors, claimants laid off from the finance and insurance into context, in the total civilian labor force in 2012, 47 sector experienced the longest average duration of insured 100,000 200,000 300,000 400,000 (2.8 500,000 600,000 700,000 percent were women, 32 percent were between the ages of joblessness months), unchanged from 800,000 the prior 900,000 30 and 44, and 21 percent were 55 or older. year, and claimants laid off from the information sector 1 The chart excludes information on layoffs due to other/miscellaneous reasons. experienced the shortest period (1.3 months). Claimants in Source: Bureau of labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program. The average duration of insured unemployment associated the utilities and management of companies sectors had the with extended mass layoffs in the private nonfarm sector in largest increases in average duration of joblessness (+0.5 2012 was 1.8 months (as measured by the average number months), and claimants in the real estate, rental and leasing of continued claims for unemployment insurance filed sector had the largest decline (-0.4 months). (See table 9.) BLS Reports │September 2013 • www.bls.gov 3 E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 Of the seven economic reason-for-layoff groups, claimants who were laid off because of financial issues reported the longest jobless duration (2.8 months), and the shortest duration occurred due to disaster and safety factors (1.4 months). Fifteen percent of claimants associated with extended mass layoff events exhausted their unemployment insurance benefits in 2012, down slightly from 16 percent in 2011. (See table 9.) Geographic distribution of extended mass layoffs In 2012, 23 states reported increased numbers of laid-off workers, led by California (+159,803). (See table 17.) Among the four Census regions, separations associated with extended mass layoff events increased in the Northeast and West and decreased in the Midwest and 4 South. Among the nine Census divisions, the highest numbers of separations were in the Pacific and Middle Atlantic. (See table 16.) Eighty-six percent of the initial claimants associated with extended mass layoff events in 2012 resided within metropolitan areas. Among the 372 metropolitan areas, Los Angeles–Long Beach–Santa Ana, CA, reported the highest number of initial claimants residing in the area (275,404), as well as the largest increase in the level of claims from 2011 to 2012 (+72,835). Six of the 10 largest over-theyear increases in residential initial claimants were located in California. During 2012, the Atlanta-Sandy SpringsMarietta, GA metropolitan area recorded the largest decline (-3,559) in the number of residential initial claimants associated with extended mass layoff events. (See table 11.) BLS Reports │ September 2013 • www.bls.gov E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 Statistical Tables BLS Reports │September 2013 • www.bls.gov 5 E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 Table 1. Numbers of extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2004–2012 Year/quarter Layoff events1 2004 First quarter ……………………………………………………………… Second quarter ………………………………………………………… Third quarter ……………………………………………………………… Fourth quarter …………………………………………………………… Separations1 Initial claimants for unemployment insurance1 1,339 1,358 886 1,427 276,503 278,831 164,608 273,967 238,392 254,063 148,575 262,049 5,010 993,909 903,079 2005 First quarter ……………………………………………………………… Second quarter ………………………………………………………… Third quarter ……………………………………………………………… Fourth quarter …………………………………………………………… 1,142 1,203 1,136 1,400 186,506 246,099 201,878 250,178 185,486 212,673 190,186 246,188 Total …………………………………………………………...……… 4,881 884,661 834,533 2006 First quarter ……………………………………………………………… Second quarter ……………………………………………………...…… Third quarter ……………………………………………………………… Fourth quarter ………………………………………………………….… 963 1,353 929 1,640 183,089 295,964 160,254 296,662 193,510 264,927 161,764 330,954 4,885 935,969 951,155 1,110 1,421 1,018 1,814 225,600 278,719 160,024 301,592 199,250 259,234 173,077 347,151 5,363 965,935 978,712 1,340 1,756 1,581 3,582 230,098 354,713 290,453 641,714 259,292 339,630 304,340 766,780 8,259 1,516,978 1,670,042 3,979 3,395 2,034 2,416 705,141 651,318 345,531 406,212 835,551 731,049 406,823 468,577 Total …………………………………………………………………… 11,824 2,108,202 2,442,000 2010 First quarter …………………………………………………………….. Second quarter ……………………………………………………….… Third quarter …………………………………………………….……… Fourth quarter ………………………………………………………….. 1,870 2,008 1,370 1,999 314,512 381,622 222,357 338,643 368,664 396,441 260,077 390,584 Total …………………………………………………………………… 7,247 1,257,134 1,415,766 1,490 1,810 1,393 1,903 225,456 317,546 235,325 334,383 258,220 342,530 291,066 403,457 6,596 1,112,710 1,295,273 1,294 1,959 1,124 2,123 246,956 385,983 199,781 424,492 291,174 383,492 228,818 432,792 6,500 1,257,212 1,336,276 Total …………………………………………………………………… Total …………………………………………………………………… 2007 First quarter ……………………………………………………………… Second quarter ……………………………………………………….… Third quarter ……………………………………………………………… Fourth quarter …………………………………………………………… Total …………………………………………………………………… 2008 First quarter ……………………………………………………………… Second quarter ………………………………………………………… Third quarter ……………………………………………………………… Fourth quarter …………………………………………………………… Total …………………………………………………………………… 2009 First quarter ……………………………………………………………… Second quarter ………………………………………………………… Third quarter ……………………………………………………………… Fourth quarter …………………………………………………………… 2011 First quarter …………………………………………………………….. Second quarter ………………………………………………………… Third quarter ……………………………………………………………… Fourth quarter …………………………………………………………… Total …………………………………………………………………… 2012 First quarter …………………………………………………………….. Second quarter ………………………………………………………… Third quarter ……………………………………………………………… Fourth quarter …………………………………………………………… Total …………………………………………………………………… 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics program. 6 BLS Reports │ September 2013 • www.bls.gov E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 Table 2. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2010–2012 Layoff events Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Separations Industry 1 Total, private nonfarm .......................................................... 2010 2011 2012 2010 2011 2012 2010 2011 2012 7,247 6,596 6,500 1,257,134 1,112,710 1,257,212 1,415,766 1,295,273 1,336,276 Mining …………………………………………………………… Utilities ………………………………………………………… Construction …………………………………………………… Manufacturing ………………………………………………… Food ………………………………………………………… Beverage and tobacco products ………………………… Textile mills ………………………………………………… Textile product mills ………………………………………… Apparel ……………………………………………………… Leather and allied products ……………………………… Wood products ……………………………………………… Paper ………………………………………………………… Printing and related support activities …………………… Petroleum and coal products ……………………………… Chemicals …………………………………………………… 59 17 1,623 1,412 298 26 11 13 39 3 63 33 48 24 53 44 10 1,377 1,196 302 29 18 85 18 1,269 1,050 285 23 5,891 1,593 169,597 198,297 57,118 4,320 5,636 10,717 3,222 167,121 180,352 61,570 2,810 5,713 1,811 209,564 218,976 58,084 6,002 10,915 10,303 4,060 199,811 186,194 62,857 2,687 Plastics and rubber products ……………………………… Nonmetallic mineral products ……………………………… Primary metal ……………………………………………… Fabricated metal products ………………………………… Machinery …………………………………………………… Computer and electronic products ………………………… Electrical equipment and appliance ……………………… Transportation equipment ………………………………… Furniture and related products …………………………… Miscellaneous manufacturing ……………………………… Wholesale trade ……………………………………………… Retail trade ……………………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing …………………………… Information ……………………………………………………… Finance and insurance ………………………………………… Real estate and rental and leasing ………………………… Professional and technical services ………………………… Management of companies and enterprises ……………… Administrative and waste services …………………………… Educational services ………………………………………… Health care and social assistance …………………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………………… Accommodation and food services ………………………… Other services, except public administration ……………… ( 2) 26 ( 2) 15 22 ( 2) 43 38 41 20 43 ( 2) 27 18 33 28 35 7,940 2,795 197,437 224,182 57,468 6,811 2,011 1,667 5,800 233 7,468 4,431 5,934 3,187 7,109 44 113 62 76 105 99 35 188 40 39 43 87 33 57 65 74 23 167 37 35 36 67 32 59 80 84 14 132 20 28 149 479 486 220 251 68 298 30 747 87 384 228 564 145 121 409 367 286 182 58 325 27 848 80 397 238 503 126 – 2 Unclassified …………………………………………………… ( 2) 7,519 ( 2) 2,052 3,916 ( 2) 6,343 6,682 4,657 2,348 6,119 ( 2) 3,088 3,104 4,210 4,787 7,024 8,246 3,266 251,696 259,238 60,593 4,767 4,458 2,464 6,743 283 12,035 4,713 7,828 3,801 7,426 4,193 12,843 9,821 9,459 17,774 14,717 4,894 35,809 6,894 5,659 7,241 10,008 4,873 7,294 12,305 11,973 4,254 29,081 4,326 3,910 3,357 8,630 6,598 6,392 13,507 11,611 2,329 25,810 2,453 4,284 146 441 380 307 129 38 318 32 947 97 378 242 484 124 17,274 122,579 95,571 54,082 47,888 10,035 58,798 5,338 150,181 11,817 48,504 48,590 135,178 18,945 15,528 87,589 72,367 75,641 29,490 8,270 60,064 3,245 164,258 9,942 47,763 42,407 105,579 15,005 15 – 184 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. ( 2) 8,685 ( 2) 3,115 4,227 ( 2) 7,679 5,270 5,884 2,842 6,163 ( 2) 2,893 2,314 4,174 3,609 4,546 5,180 15,246 9,676 12,554 22,594 16,467 6,018 43,374 7,848 5,170 5,851 11,443 4,902 8,256 13,402 10,341 4,875 35,948 4,701 4,201 3,155 9,929 6,238 8,124 15,062 10,235 2,669 30,840 2,227 3,822 20,759 107,480 77,347 128,168 25,596 8,537 70,567 4,753 202,435 12,635 55,093 49,655 113,111 17,926 17,328 153,096 105,110 76,269 53,446 9,575 63,328 4,815 173,511 13,284 49,257 34,026 120,809 19,466 15,130 99,627 75,463 124,697 39,434 9,770 75,818 3,918 202,809 11,875 48,463 36,408 98,161 17,390 18,058 115,213 71,038 162,701 26,002 7,488 75,368 4,642 241,941 13,300 47,348 36,313 97,612 17,108 1,738 – 246 1,776 NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics program. BLS Reports │September 2013 • www.bls.gov 7 E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 Table 3. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest six-digit NAICS industries, 2010–2012 Industry NAICS code 2010 2011 Separations Rank 1 2012 Separations Rank 1 Separations Rank1 Total, private nonfarm2 ............................................. … 1,257,134 … 1,112,710 … 1,257,212 … Total, 50 highest industries ........................................... … 726,587 … 666,592 … 841,500 … Temporary help services ……………………………………… Motion picture and video production ………………………… Highway, street, and bridge construction …………………… Food service contractors ……………………………………… School and employee bus transportation …………………… Hotels and motels, except casino hotels …………………… Department stores, except discount ………………………… Child day care services ……………………………………… Professional employer organizations ………………………… Fruit and vegetable canning ………………………………… 561320 512110 237310 722310 485410 721110 452111 624410 561330 311421 58,669 30,245 50,292 58,360 61,612 29,742 11,360 18,983 33,908 20,421 2 6 4 3 1 7 24 12 5 10 94,114 48,952 46,199 43,387 41,038 25,132 6,538 19,766 16,924 17,840 1 2 3 4 5 6 34 7 10 8 127,284 100,476 49,283 45,828 41,966 26,386 22,763 19,015 18,740 18,712 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Discount department stores ………………………………… Supermarkets and other grocery stores …………………… Tax preparation services ……………………………………… Payroll services ………………………………………………… Casino hotels …………………………………………………… Power and communication system construction …………… Commercial bakeries ………………………………………… Skiing facilities ………………………………………………… Scheduled passenger air transportation …………………… Oil and gas pipeline construction …………………………… 452112 445110 541213 541214 721120 237130 311812 713920 481111 237120 26,826 19,883 23,971 8,482 7,587 12,643 962 17,154 2,590 11,568 8 11 9 32 33 19 211 14 89 23 16,989 11,153 15,987 13,113 12,738 15,248 1,186 12,620 1,919 12,606 9 21 11 14 15 12 161 16 106 17 18,650 18,615 18,553 17,824 16,568 14,884 12,157 12,126 11,748 11,567 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Telemarketing and other contact centers …………………… Commercial banking …………………………………………… Amusement and theme parks ………………………………… Nonresidential plumbing and HVAC contractors …………… Employment placement agencies …………………………… Nonresidential electrical contractors ………………………… Industrial building construction ……………………………… Commercial building construction …………………………… Teleproduction and postproduction services ……………… Full-service restaurants ……………………………………… 561422 522110 713110 238222 561311 238212 236210 236220 512191 722511 11,358 13,193 11,799 12,267 4,101 17,476 12,253 14,572 132 14,858 25 18 22 20 59 13 21 16 543 15 8,872 11,391 11,277 11,363 7,387 9,586 9,875 13,867 3,008 9,516 26 18 20 19 29 24 23 13 73 25 11,498 11,440 11,254 10,700 10,031 9,980 9,862 9,477 9,145 8,741 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Mail-order houses ……………………………………………… All other nonresidential trade contractors …………………… Landscaping services ………………………………………… Convention and trade show organizers ……………………… Seafood product preparation and packaging ……………… Other individual and family services ………………………… Home centers ………………………………………………… General medical and surgical hospitals ……………………… Nonresidential drywall contractors …………………………… Other technical consulting services ………………………… 454113 238992 561730 561920 311710 624190 444110 622110 238312 541690 9,726 5,214 7,482 5,490 10,353 6,089 14,484 10,158 6,852 1,588 30 51 35 46 27 41 17 29 37 135 7,273 5,602 7,920 4,547 10,955 6,535 4,231 5,939 6,268 2,234 30 41 28 53 22 35 55 37 36 94 8,214 7,633 7,610 7,393 7,220 6,991 6,938 6,572 5,977 5,451 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Nonresidential site preparation contractors ………………… Engineering services ………………………………………… General warehousing and storage …………………………… All other amusement and recreation industries …………… Commercial machinery repair and maintenance …………… Managing offices ……………………………………………… Other social advocacy organizations ………………………… Semiconductors and related device mfg. …………………… Family clothing stores ………………………………………… HMO medical centers ………………………………………… 238912 541330 493110 713990 811310 551114 813319 334413 448140 621491 5,730 3,910 1,904 816 3,396 5,208 4,824 1,390 4,706 – 44 63 116 234 70 52 54 150 55 – 6,557 4,128 5,310 1,226 3,585 3,034 4,344 2,218 5,095 – 32 56 43 157 61 72 54 95 46 – 4,909 4,740 4,727 ( 3) 4,645 4,603 4,524 4,518 4,491 ( 3) 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 1 Industries are ranked by number of separations in 2012. 2 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 3 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics program. 8 BLS Reports │ September 2013 • www.bls.gov E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 Table 4. Reason for layoff: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2010–2012 Layoff events Reason for layoff1 2010 2011 Separations 2012 Initial claimants for unemployment insurance 2010 2011 2012 2010 2011 2012 Total, private nonfarm, all reasons 1 ................ 7,247 6,596 6,500 1,257,134 1,112,710 1,257,212 1,415,766 1,295,273 1,336,276 Business demand ...................................................... 2,515 2,343 2,345 384,565 366,040 461,328 510,367 528,899 583,810 Contract cancellation .............................................. Contract completion ................................................ Domestic competition .............................................. Excess inventory/saturated market ......................... Import competition .................................................. Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal business slowdown ........................................... 148 1,146 8 13 7 117 1,435 5 12 5 114 1,640 17,387 249,227 489 2,974 1,214 23,942 357,518 ( 2) 25,207 263,450 2,458 3,359 1,006 20,468 380,441 814 1,410 1,140 18,093 476,180 ( 2) 23,861 193,450 2,231 2,055 1,199 1,193 769 565 161,769 94,749 73,880 214,887 124,626 81,865 Organizational changes ............................................. 397 313 313 79,784 56,502 71,128 80,334 53,755 51,431 Business-ownership change ................................... Reorganization or restructuring of company ........... 96 301 75 238 72 241 32,543 47,241 17,581 38,921 27,040 44,088 13,974 66,360 8,840 44,915 8,317 43,114 Financial issues ......................................................... 511 415 418 86,637 76,335 85,946 104,848 78,805 77,049 Bankruptcy .............................................................. Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ......... Financial difficulty .................................................... 60 291 160 76 211 128 87 187 144 15,157 39,577 31,903 19,301 30,503 26,531 28,971 32,017 24,958 9,062 66,898 28,888 13,030 42,701 23,074 20,561 37,942 18,546 Production specific ..................................................... 54 94 75 7,830 16,180 14,313 8,576 18,559 15,179 Automation/technological advances ....................... Energy related ......................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention ................... Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .............. Material or supply shortage ..................................... Model changeover .................................................. Plant or machine repair/maintenance ..................... Product line discontinued ........................................ 9 8 1,002 1,104 1,246 1,258 ( 2) 18 7 ( 2) 15 10 23 13 14 ( 2) 2,971 1,335 ( 2) 1,482 2,589 2,756 2,457 3,283 ( 2) 2,079 1,281 ( 2) 2,737 2,407 3,740 2,876 2,793 2 ( ) 15 2 ( ) 3,281 ( 2) 5,341 ( 2) ( 2) 10 – 18 8 4 9 15 11 ( 2) 1,613 – 3,300 2,155 461 3,280 1,475 2,029 ( 2) 1,935 – 2,526 1,392 560 4,264 2,787 1,715 Disaster/safety ........................................................... 24 31 45 3,202 5,046 7,900 3,225 5,128 9,484 Hazardous work environment ................................. Natural disaster (not weather related) ..................... Nonnatural disaster ................................................. Extreme weather-related event ............................... ( 2) 5 ( 2) ( 2) 1,085 ( 2) ( 2) 785 ( 2) ( 2) 10 11 ( 2) ( 2) 21 ( 2) 5 35 ( 2) 1,038 1,723 ( 2) ( 2) 3,206 ( 2) 941 5,838 ( 2) 1,209 1,496 ( 2) ( 2) 3,421 ( 2) 608 7,815 Seasonal .................................................................... 2,417 2,285 2,217 429,847 392,951 402,445 442,818 409,524 390,775 Seasonal ................................................................. Vacation period–school related or otherwise .......... 1,932 485 1,851 434 1,717 500 353,375 76,472 322,645 70,306 320,524 81,921 357,211 85,607 331,680 77,844 303,774 87,001 Other/miscellaneous .................................................. 1,329 1,115 1,087 265,269 199,656 214,152 265,598 200,603 208,548 Other ....................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal ..................................... Data not provided: Does not know .......................... 66 320 943 103 268 744 87 303 697 9,434 80,333 175,502 13,791 63,382 122,483 15,897 67,080 131,175 9,703 80,324 175,571 14,954 63,335 122,314 14,222 66,928 127,398 ( 2) 4 9 4 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. ( 2) 795 1,073 385 ( 2) 1,214 1,878 463 NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics program. BLS Reports │September 2013 • www.bls.gov 9 E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 Table 5. State and selected claimant characteristics: extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2011–2012 State Layoff events Percent of total Total initial claimants for unemployment insurance Hispanic origin Black People age 55 and older Women 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 Total, private nonfarm1 .......... 6,596 6,500 1,295,273 1,336,276 14.5 13.7 20.1 22.1 40.2 40.0 20.2 20.4 Alabama ....................................... Alaska .......................................... Arizona ......................................... Arkansas ...................................... California ...................................... Colorado ....................................... Connecticut .................................. Delaware ...................................... District of Columbia ...................... Florida .......................................... Georgia ........................................ Hawaii .......................................... Idaho ............................................ 41 35 67 51 1,868 49 49 20 13 219 129 10 39 44 35 63 45 2,141 64 47 15 12 120 79 9,089 8,125 10,114 10,042 588,039 9,079 6,920 1,915 1,597 18,332 13,529 ( 2) 30 10,561 8,604 12,452 9,575 451,374 6,822 6,953 3,391 1,735 36,318 28,526 1,639 5,163 ( 2) 3,418 47.0 8.0 8.8 31.0 8.1 4.3 16.7 42.5 69.8 20.5 42.4 .9 .2 48.4 7.2 8.2 25.2 8.7 5.6 14.3 47.4 80.8 29.5 56.1 1.1 .1 2.0 16.1 38.4 7.2 35.3 29.7 16.3 9.3 8.7 27.9 6.0 10.0 10.9 3.1 13.9 43.3 6.0 34.1 26.4 14.3 8.0 5.3 29.2 1.6 12.5 12.3 50.9 29.2 52.1 51.9 39.9 38.8 52.3 44.1 53.3 46.2 47.2 42.1 31.8 55.5 30.6 52.1 43.4 40.1 34.3 46.7 62.3 63.9 54.6 48.1 15.3 35.0 16.3 23.4 17.7 18.8 16.6 19.8 25.0 18.2 21.1 24.8 20.2 20.6 20.2 19.1 24.9 18.7 23.2 16.7 20.0 28.8 26.7 23.5 26.8 21.4 11.6 23.7 Illinois ........................................... Indiana ......................................... Iowa .............................................. Kansas ......................................... Kentucky ...................................... Louisiana ...................................... Maine ........................................... Maryland3 ...................................... Massachusetts ............................. Michigan ....................................... Minnesota ..................................... Mississippi .................................... Missouri ........................................ 430 109 34 41 100 95 29 70 76 160 127 40 122 408 106 27 38 107 78 31 105 74 149 123 30 115 79,988 22,048 7,239 5,173 11,810 14,440 3,930 9,733 10,766 26,185 19,154 5,102 19,079 76,580 19,753 4,440 7,024 13,601 11,527 4,481 14,766 12,005 25,928 16,519 3,432 18,703 18.2 10.3 5.1 12.5 13.1 50.1 1.0 48.9 11.1 12.4 5.6 72.9 21.4 19.9 11.1 7.0 14.3 12.5 54.5 2.7 29.4 13.2 14.8 3.9 59.1 20.6 15.9 3.0 4.4 4.7 .2 4.1 .4 2.3 1.1 5.0 6.8 2.3 1.9 15.0 2.6 6.7 4.0 .1 4.7 .9 1.4 1.1 4.1 7.0 5.0 2.1 36.6 28.1 38.5 45.4 34.5 44.8 35.9 45.6 49.5 39.7 21.2 48.1 54.6 37.1 28.3 38.0 40.3 33.2 50.4 36.4 44.9 48.7 36.4 20.4 43.6 48.8 18.7 18.3 26.1 24.0 16.9 24.3 27.8 22.4 23.5 19.7 19.8 15.3 28.1 19.4 20.0 27.5 23.6 20.2 27.3 26.3 25.7 22.8 21.1 20.6 21.0 28.1 Montana ....................................... Nebraska ...................................... Nevada ......................................... New Hampshire ............................ New Jersey .................................. New Mexico .................................. New York ...................................... North Carolina .............................. North Dakota ................................ Ohio .............................................. Oklahoma ..................................... Oregon ......................................... Pennsylvania ................................ 26 25 60 14 251 43 472 91 13 276 25 103 365 28 15 92 21 231 40 441 54 17 266 23 106 344 2,663 2,895 12,194 2,084 43,843 5,210 89,975 21,336 1,816 47,076 3,108 24,346 66,794 3,036 1,991 20,761 2,650 44,534 4,944 75,860 8,163 2,409 39,849 2,574 21,071 63,295 0.5 8.6 9.6 0.8 20.6 1.8 14.8 40.8 0.8 11.9 14.9 2.3 10.1 0.7 11.7 9.9 0.6 19.1 1.9 17.2 39.9 1.5 13.2 8.4 2.2 9.7 3.8 8.7 27.2 2.5 8.8 49.6 14.5 9.1 4.2 3.7 6.6 22.2 4.6 4.0 7.4 28.3 3.8 12.5 49.6 18.3 7.2 4.4 3.5 7.3 20.7 4.5 30.5 34.1 39.4 45.3 52.8 43.6 41.4 41.4 10.9 29.8 45.5 45.5 39.0 31.4 42.3 41.3 42.8 56.7 39.4 43.4 36.7 9.5 29.6 45.0 44.5 34.6 23.4 28.5 21.3 31.3 27.9 18.2 23.3 21.8 23.1 20.2 21.5 21.3 27.6 26.2 36.9 22.7 31.7 30.4 21.1 24.9 22.9 24.0 21.0 21.8 21.0 27.5 Rhode Island ................................ South Carolina ............................. South Dakota ............................... Tennessee ................................... Texas ........................................... Utah .............................................. Vermont ........................................ Virginia ......................................... Washington .................................. West Virginia ................................ Wisconsin ..................................... Wyoming ...................................... 18 38 14 38 2,891 6,505 2,234 6,046 2 2 3.5 62.9 4.7 26.7 17.0 1.3 1.0 44.9 5.1 .2 7.9 1.3 3.9 52.3 8.5 21.4 18.9 1.2 .8 43.3 6.7 .3 7.7 2.0 15.1 3.5 11.8 .1 44.4 13.7 .4 4.8 18.8 – 7.3 5.2 16.8 1.8 3.4 – 45.6 13.0 .5 5.0 16.5 .2 8.0 9.4 69.5 56.3 74.8 46.4 33.8 25.9 45.5 47.9 35.2 7.5 34.3 33.5 64.4 50.5 22.0 39.8 31.4 18.5 32.3 45.6 35.1 17.6 37.6 31.6 36.1 19.5 22.0 30.6 16.7 14.4 25.3 19.5 18.6 13.5 23.4 21.2 31.4 21.0 6.8 29.1 15.5 14.7 20.8 21.6 19.2 24.8 25.3 20.7 .1 .1 99.4 99.4 57.5 55.2 9.5 9.5 Puerto Rico .................................. ( ) 80 144 37 27 99 137 23 199 2 2 ( ) 15,711 33,092 4,973 3,926 19,573 25,181 3,251 37,853 ( 2) ( ) 60 148 30 12 78 154 26 162 7 ( 2) ( ) 10,887 35,262 4,594 1,942 16,774 23,284 3,291 29,943 1,121 64 56 18,628 14,365 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. 3 Data starting in June 2012 may not be comparable to prior data due to improvements in state MLS data processing. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics program. 10 BLS Reports │ September 2013 • www.bls.gov E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 Table 6. Claimant race and ethnicity: percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2011–2012 Percent of total race/ethnicity1 Measure White Hispanic origin Black American Indian or Alaska Native Asian or Pacific Islander 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 54.6 52.8 14.5 13.7 20.1 22.1 .8 .8 3.4 3.5 Mining …………………………………………………………………… Utilities …………………………………………………………………… Construction ……………………………………………………………… Manufacturing …………………………………………………………… Wholesale trade ………………………………………………………… Retail trade ……………………………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing ……………………………………… Information ……………………………………………………………… 80.2 81.9 68.4 53.1 46.8 52.6 54.7 69.9 77.8 62.0 69.0 53.6 49.1 44.7 53.0 71.8 2.1 7.6 6.3 15.0 15.5 18.9 23.3 8.8 2.7 11.2 5.9 13.8 12.6 17.8 21.7 7.8 5.5 4.7 19.3 20.3 26.9 17.5 13.3 10.0 6.8 13.8 19.5 20.2 27.5 22.9 16.7 9.7 3.3 .5 1.0 .7 .3 .7 .5 .5 2.3 .8 1.1 .7 .5 .7 .6 .6 .5 1.9 .8 5.3 3.1 2.6 2.0 3.3 .6 3.6 .9 5.5 3.6 2.8 2.1 3.2 Finance and insurance ………………………………………………… Real estate and rental and leasing …………………………………… Professional and technical services …………………………………… Management of companies and enterprises ………………………… Administrative and waste services …………………………………… Educational services …………………………………………………… Health care and social assistance …………………………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………………………… Accommodation and food services …………………………………… Other services, except public administration ………………………… Unclassified establishments …………………………………………… 45.4 55.9 63.0 51.4 37.5 43.6 41.5 59.1 49.9 45.8 41.1 42.6 48.3 62.1 59.3 32.4 39.7 39.7 59.7 47.3 46.8 22.3 17.7 14.5 11.0 15.0 15.7 21.9 22.3 14.5 19.8 26.4 15.4 16.6 14.4 11.3 16.7 15.3 21.0 22.5 13.1 19.3 26.1 6.3 19.8 13.4 12.8 20.0 34.4 19.7 25.3 16.1 18.7 16.8 28.9 21.5 23.5 14.6 12.7 38.7 23.2 25.9 16.6 20.8 16.5 59.9 .5 2.3 .7 .4 .8 .5 .9 .6 .8 1.3 2.4 .5 4.6 .7 .5 .8 .6 .8 .6 .7 1.4 .6 7.5 2.8 4.0 7.5 4.2 5.1 3.3 2.3 3.7 2.4 4.9 7.7 1.8 3.8 5.3 4.0 4.9 2.8 2.7 4.9 2.8 3.2 Business demand ........................................................................... Contract cancellation ................................................................... Contract completion ..................................................................... Domestic competition .................................................................. Excess inventory/saturated market ............................................. Import competition ....................................................................... Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasona business slowdown ................................................................ 56.6 41.3 56.5 51.2 54.5 66.6 53.9 45.2 52.9 63.7 66.5 78.8 11.6 20.2 9.2 33.5 19.2 16.8 10.9 21.0 9.4 15.9 17.6 5.8 21.7 25.9 23.6 11.8 19.4 4.1 23.9 19.6 26.2 15.3 5.2 3.7 .7 1.3 .8 .5 .3 .6 .8 1.2 .8 .1 .7 – 3.0 3.9 3.2 .4 .6 9.6 3.3 4.0 3.4 1.2 .4 – 59.3 60.4 17.3 16.9 15.2 13.1 .6 .7 2.4 2.9 Organizational changes .................................................................. Business-ownership change ........................................................ Reorganization or restructuring of company ................................ 50.2 48.9 50.4 50.9 54.0 50.3 16.7 19.2 16.2 17.3 15.1 17.7 18.4 18.1 18.4 17.2 18.1 17.0 .5 .4 .6 .5 .8 .5 5.9 3.9 6.3 5.7 4.5 6.0 Financial issues .............................................................................. Bankruptcy ................................................................................... Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ............................. Financial difficulty ........................................................................ 51.9 56.7 49.5 53.7 47.8 55.5 44.5 46.0 17.8 12.7 19.5 17.6 16.7 18.7 15.5 16.9 15.2 14.3 16.2 13.9 19.7 13.6 21.9 22.0 .6 .6 .7 .5 .8 .6 .8 1.0 5.7 6.5 6.2 4.3 4.6 2.3 6.0 4.6 Production specific ......................................................................... Automation/technological advances ............................................ Energy related ............................................................................. Governmental regulations/intervention ........................................ Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ................................... Material or supply shortage ......................................................... Model changeover ....................................................................... Plant or machine repair/maintenance .......................................... Product line discontinued ............................................................ 52.7 50.4 77.5 42.6 79.5 74.3 48.5 24.6 43.0 60.0 69.6 – 68.6 64.4 64.6 61.0 44.4 53.9 17.6 15.6 5.6 13.8 13.8 11.1 14.2 43.1 12.1 17.3 20.7 – 13.7 19.2 5.2 12.6 31.8 9.2 17.4 23.0 3.4 25.1 4.6 3.3 25.9 19.5 27.2 11.1 4.9 – 10.5 8.4 25.7 4.4 14.8 27.5 1.6 .3 1.1 .5 .2 .8 .7 6.6 1.7 .7 .3 – .8 .2 .7 .7 1.7 .3 4.5 5.2 6.7 8.9 .2 2.2 4.6 3.1 8.2 1.9 1.6 – 1.3 4.5 1.3 1.4 2.0 1.9 Disaster/safety ................................................................................ Hazardous work environment ...................................................... Natural disaster (not weather related) ......................................... Nonnatural disaster ..................................................................... Extreme weather-related event ................................................... 62.3 26.6 71.5 37.9 70.8 45.8 36.8 94.6 83.1 41.4 18.9 13.8 2.2 54.2 20.3 16.1 25.9 .5 9.5 16.5 4.3 9.7 2.2 4.7 3.4 17.1 8.7 .5 6.6 19.4 .5 .9 .6 .7 .4 .4 .1 – – .4 2.9 1.0 18.8 – .5 8.8 10.9 .3 – 9.8 Seasonal ......................................................................................... Seasonal ...................................................................................... Vacation period–school related or otherwise ............................... 58.3 58.5 57.4 56.2 57.4 51.9 15.6 14.0 22.4 15.3 13.2 22.6 17.8 18.8 13.3 20.2 21.1 17.3 .8 .8 .9 .8 .8 .9 2.8 3.1 1.6 2.8 3.0 2.0 Other/miscellaneous ....................................................................... Other ............................................................................................ Data not provided: Refusal .......................................................... Data not provided: Does not know .............................................. 43.7 46.0 42.4 44.1 45.8 43.4 43.2 47.4 17.4 11.5 20.4 16.6 15.9 16.9 15.7 15.8 23.9 25.4 24.2 23.6 23.4 22.9 26.9 21.6 .7 .6 .7 .8 .7 .8 .8 .7 4.2 2.5 4.5 4.2 4.1 4.5 5.1 3.5 Total, private nonfarm2 ......................................................... Industry Reason for layoff 1 Because of some nonreporting, sums of percentages within age and gender may not equal 100.0 percent. 2 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics program. BLS Reports │September 2013 • www.bls.gov 11 E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 Table 7. Claimant age and gender: percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2011–2012 Percent of total by age1 Measure Less than 30 years 30–44 Percent of total by gender1 45–54 55 or older Men Women 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 2011 2012 21.3 21.5 33.5 33.4 24.8 24.6 20.2 20.4 59.6 59.9 40.2 40.0 Mining ……………………………………………………… Utilities ……………………………………………………… Construction ……………………………………………… Manufacturing ……………………………………………… Wholesale trade …………………………………………… Retail trade ………………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing ………………………… Information ………………………………………………… Finance and insurance …………………………………… 14.6 16.4 16.5 13.5 15.3 41.5 12.4 14.4 27.8 19.0 13.3 16.3 12.9 15.1 42.2 11.6 13.1 26.1 34.0 36.7 39.1 31.2 32.4 26.7 28.0 41.6 36.1 35.6 31.8 38.4 29.5 30.5 25.8 27.6 41.7 35.6 28.3 29.2 28.7 30.1 27.3 16.8 25.4 25.8 19.2 24.3 24.2 28.8 30.3 29.1 16.3 26.2 26.3 19.3 23.1 17.4 15.5 24.9 24.8 15.0 33.9 18.1 16.5 21.0 30.0 16.4 27.2 25.2 15.5 34.5 18.8 18.8 94.1 85.1 94.4 63.7 58.4 43.3 47.1 65.3 35.5 96.0 71.7 94.3 65.4 60.4 41.0 47.8 66.9 36.5 5.9 14.7 5.4 36.1 41.6 56.5 52.9 34.6 64.2 3.9 27.9 5.6 34.5 39.5 58.8 52.1 33.1 63.3 Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………… Professional and technical services …………………… Management of companies and enterprises …………… Administrative and waste services ……………………… Educational services ……………………………………… Health care and social assistance ……………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………… Accommodation and food services ……………………… Other services, except public administration …………… Unclassified establishments ……………………………… 31.9 15.1 17.4 30.9 24.8 19.3 31.8 23.9 20.4 40.2 20.9 16.0 13.7 32.2 24.7 16.6 30.8 21.7 23.2 30.6 33.5 33.3 33.1 33.1 38.8 36.7 24.6 27.9 34.9 32.1 34.2 35.4 33.3 33.6 37.1 36.2 26.9 28.1 34.3 31.3 21.5 23.1 26.7 21.6 18.7 23.7 17.8 25.3 23.7 17.5 26.4 22.7 29.3 20.8 19.2 24.5 18.1 25.9 22.3 26.1 13.0 28.3 22.7 14.2 17.5 20.2 25.6 22.8 20.8 10.2 18.3 25.7 23.6 13.2 18.9 22.6 24.0 24.2 20.0 12.0 66.7 51.1 52.2 59.2 38.9 13.5 56.6 38.4 44.1 52.0 74.5 55.2 49.7 57.2 33.7 14.4 57.8 39.2 44.2 59.8 33.2 48.7 47.8 40.6 60.9 86.3 43.3 61.5 55.8 48.0 25.4 44.6 50.2 42.6 66.1 85.5 42.1 60.7 55.6 40.1 Business demand ........................................................ Contract cancellation ................................................ Contract completion .................................................. Domestic competition ............................................... Excess inventory/saturated market .......................... Import competition .................................................... Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasona business slowdown ............................................. 20.0 21.9 20.6 18.4 20.7 8.1 21.0 24.1 21.5 8.1 10.7 12.4 37.2 31.2 38.3 43.9 31.0 26.3 37.2 31.8 38.1 35.0 33.5 29.9 25.4 23.8 25.0 22.4 27.3 33.9 24.9 23.8 24.5 34.9 28.9 28.6 17.2 22.7 15.8 15.2 20.9 31.7 16.8 20.1 15.7 21.8 26.9 29.0 70.2 54.3 73.0 47.2 65.7 61.9 69.0 57.9 69.8 68.1 73.0 46.9 29.6 45.4 26.8 52.5 34.3 38.1 30.9 41.9 30.0 31.8 27.0 53.1 18.0 18.6 34.8 33.1 26.8 26.5 20.2 21.7 64.5 66.5 35.2 33.3 Organizational changes ............................................... Business-ownership change ..................................... Reorganization or restructuring of company ............. 21.6 16.5 22.6 22.5 23.8 22.3 31.4 30.9 31.5 31.3 30.8 31.3 24.5 27.1 24.0 23.4 23.3 23.4 22.2 25.4 21.5 22.6 21.9 22.8 48.9 48.6 48.9 46.7 51.5 45.8 50.9 51.3 50.8 53.1 48.3 54.1 Financial issues ........................................................... Bankruptcy ................................................................ Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability .......... Financial difficulty ..................................................... 23.1 26.7 21.0 24.9 22.0 12.5 27.4 21.6 31.7 30.8 32.1 31.5 30.7 27.8 31.6 32.1 24.0 22.0 25.2 22.9 24.4 31.6 20.8 24.0 21.0 20.2 21.5 20.5 22.6 28.0 19.8 22.2 50.4 49.5 48.8 54.1 55.4 71.7 49.7 49.0 49.3 50.0 50.9 45.8 44.4 28.2 50.1 50.9 Production specific ...................................................... Automation/technological advances ......................... Energy related .......................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention ..................... Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ................ Material or supply shortage ...................................... Model changeover .................................................... Plant or machine repair/maintenance ....................... Product line discontinued ......................................... 23.8 14.6 33.7 32.7 17.0 21.6 27.6 21.8 25.9 15.4 11.5 – 21.6 13.6 12.0 5.2 35.2 6.4 31.3 27.7 37.1 33.5 27.5 36.0 30.2 29.4 30.7 33.7 32.8 – 39.1 35.1 32.3 34.8 30.4 28.9 26.2 30.3 15.7 17.2 34.9 26.6 28.7 25.5 23.7 30.1 30.9 – 24.2 26.7 29.5 39.0 20.1 35.1 17.8 27.4 13.5 16.1 20.6 15.8 13.4 18.4 19.2 20.7 24.8 – 15.1 24.5 26.3 20.9 14.4 29.3 56.7 43.5 76.4 47.5 80.4 63.9 57.6 51.0 45.4 65.5 62.3 – 74.1 57.1 32.5 75.9 51.8 70.8 43.1 56.5 23.6 52.1 19.6 35.9 42.3 49.0 54.4 34.4 37.6 – 25.9 42.7 67.5 24.1 48.2 29.0 Disaster/safety ............................................................. Hazardous work environment ................................... Natural disaster (not weather related) ...................... Nonnatural disaster .................................................. Extreme weather-related event ................................ 18.7 19.0 15.8 15.5 19.4 12.5 10.4 11.1 20.6 12.1 36.4 37.6 29.5 26.0 38.2 25.1 26.9 25.1 27.1 24.8 26.6 27.9 26.2 34.3 25.8 30.2 27.4 26.2 26.8 30.9 18.2 15.2 28.5 23.5 16.5 32.1 35.3 37.6 25.5 32.0 72.9 67.9 79.2 72.9 72.9 49.4 24.7 91.1 94.1 46.1 26.9 31.7 20.8 26.4 27.0 50.6 75.3 8.9 5.9 53.9 Seasonal ...................................................................... Seasonal ................................................................... Vacation period–school related or otherwise ............ 19.9 21.5 12.8 19.7 21.4 13.6 30.0 30.3 28.8 29.9 30.3 28.5 25.2 25.0 26.4 25.1 24.8 26.1 24.8 23.2 31.7 25.3 23.4 31.7 51.9 58.3 24.4 52.1 59.5 26.3 48.0 41.6 75.6 47.8 40.4 73.7 Other/miscellaneous .................................................... Other ......................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal ....................................... Data not provided: Does not know ........................... 26.7 23.8 29.7 25.6 26.5 31.1 27.5 25.4 32.1 34.7 31.1 32.3 31.3 30.8 31.5 31.3 22.7 23.8 22.0 23.0 22.9 19.9 22.4 23.5 18.2 17.5 16.8 19.0 19.2 17.9 18.5 19.7 53.8 61.6 50.2 54.7 54.1 49.1 53.6 54.9 46.0 38.2 49.6 45.1 45.8 50.7 46.2 45.0 Total, private nonfarm2 ....................................... Industry Reason for layoff 1 Because of some nonreporting, sums of percentages within age and gender may not equal 100.0 percent. 2 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics program. 12 BLS Reports │ September 2013 • www.bls.gov E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 Table 8. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by state, private nonfarm sector, 2012 Continued claims without earnings1 State Initial claims for unemployment insurance Number Average number filed per initial claimant Final payments for unemployment insurance1 Number Percentage of initial claimants receiving final payments Total, private nonfarm2…………………………………………… 1,336,276 2,347,369 1.8 204,518 15.3 Alabama ………………………………………………………………… Alaska …………………………………………………………………… Arizona …………………………………………………………………… Arkansas ………………………………………………………………… California ………………………………………………………………… Colorado ………………………………………………………………… Connecticut ……………………………………………………………… Delaware ………………………………………………………………… District of Columbia ……………………………………………………… Florida …………………………………………………………………… Georgia …………………………………………………………………… Hawaii …………………………………………………………………… Idaho ……………………………………………………………………… 9,089 8,125 10,114 10,042 588,039 9,079 6,920 1,915 1,597 18,332 13,529 (3) 3,418 16,293 15,360 20,540 21,851 921,476 21,476 19,465 3,762 4,706 42,521 22,326 (3) 6,210 1.8 1.9 2.0 2.2 1.6 2.4 2.8 2.0 2.9 2.3 1.7 2.7 1.8 1,070 1,477 2,204 2,020 86,081 1,838 1,836 312 231 4,843 3,174 (3) 733 11.8 18.2 21.8 20.1 14.6 20.2 26.5 16.3 14.5 26.4 23.5 16.0 21.4 Illinois …………………………………………………………………… Indiana …………………………………………………………………… Iowa ……………………………………………………………………… Kansas …………………………………………………………………… Kentucky ………………………………………………………………… Louisiana ………………………………………………………………… Maine ……………………………………………………………………… Maryland4 ………………………………………………………………… Massachusetts …………………………………………………………… Michigan ………………………………………………………………… Minnesota ………………………………………………………………… Mississippi ……………………………………………………………… Missouri …………………………………………………………………… 76,580 19,753 4,440 7,024 13,601 11,527 4,481 14,766 12,005 25,928 16,519 3,432 18,703 155,226 35,050 10,119 17,544 4,099 18,803 9,475 35,061 25,825 53,017 35,551 8,876 37,346 2.0 1.8 2.3 2.5 .3 1.6 2.1 2.4 2.2 2.0 2.2 2.6 2.0 11,981 2,438 560 1,674 2,578 1,325 550 2,424 2,471 5,424 2,120 746 1,876 15.6 12.3 12.6 23.8 19.0 11.5 12.3 16.4 20.6 20.9 12.8 21.7 10.0 Montana ………………………………………………………………… Nebraska ………………………………………………………………… Nevada ............................................................................................ New Hampshire ............................................................................... New Jersey ..................................................................................... New Mexico ..................................................................................... New York………………………………………………………………… North Carolina …………………………………………………………… North Dakota …………………………………………………………… Ohio ……………………………………………………………………… Oklahoma ………………………………………………………………… Oregon …………………………………………………………………… Pennsylvania …………………………………………………………… 3,036 1,991 20,761 2,650 44,534 4,944 75,860 8,163 2,409 39,849 2,574 21,071 63,295 3,968 2,649 22,909 4,307 91,994 13,043 147,833 19,469 3,969 73,287 7,269 31,765 110,003 1.3 1.3 1.1 1.6 2.1 2.6 1.9 2.4 1.6 1.8 2.8 1.5 1.7 315 101 3,287 123 6,862 1,067 10,863 1,988 668 4,386 620 3,194 7,114 10.4 5.1 15.8 4.6 15.4 21.6 14.3 24.4 27.7 11.0 24.1 15.2 11.2 Rhode Island …………………………………………………………… South Carolina …………………………………………………………… South Dakota …………………………………………………………… Tennessee ……………………………………………………………… Texas ……………………………………………………………………… Utah ……………………………………………………………………… Vermont ………………………………………………………………… Virginia …………………………………………………………………… Washington ……………………………………………………………… West Virginia …………………………………………………………… Wisconsin ………………………………………………………………… Wyoming ………………………………………………………………… 2,234 6,046 (3) 10,887 35,262 4,594 1,942 16,774 23,284 3,291 29,943 1,121 3,726 11,589 (3) 27,808 76,072 6,912 2,287 30,025 33,120 8,577 48,620 2,141 1.7 1.9 .7 2.6 2.2 1.5 1.2 1.8 1.4 2.6 1.6 1.9 82 1,094 – 3,061 8,056 447 481 2,393 3,155 73 2,702 281 3.7 18.1 – 28.1 22.8 9.7 24.8 14.3 13.6 2.2 9.0 25.1 Puerto Rico ……………………………………………………………… 14,365 33,617 2.3 2,937 20.4 1 The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued claim activity for initial claimants associated with extended mass layoffs once a month during the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week, which is usually the week including the 12th day of the month. Continued claims with earnings are excluded because individuals who make such claims are classified as employed in the CPS. Final payment information for MLS claimants is collected weekly. (See the technical note for additional information.) 2 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 3 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. 4 Data starting in June 2012 may not be comparable to prior data due to improvements in state MLS data processing. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics program. BLS Reports │September 2013 • www.bls.gov 13 E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 Table 9. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2012 Continued claims without earnings1 Measure Total, private nonfarm2………………………………………………………………………………… Initial claims for unemployment insurance Number Average number filed per initial claimant Final payments for unemployment insurance1 Number Percentage of initial claimants receiving final payments 1,336,276 2,347,369 1.8 204,518 15.3 Mining ………………………………………………………………………………… Utilities ………………………………………………………………………………… Construction …………………………………………………………………………… Manufacturing ………………………………………………………………………… Wholesale trade ……………………………………………………………………… Retail trade …………………………………………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing …………………………………………………… Information …………………………………………………………………………… 10,303 4,060 199,811 186,194 18,058 115,213 71,038 162,701 16,588 8,575 331,389 370,584 43,739 202,876 106,888 213,591 1.6 2.1 1.7 2.0 2.4 1.8 1.5 1.3 1,241 628 22,990 31,859 3,748 20,932 5,944 17,321 12.0 15.5 11.5 17.1 20.8 18.2 8.4 10.6 Finance and insurance ……………………………………………………………… Real estate and rental and leasing ………………………………………………… Professional and technical services ………………………………………………… Management of companies and enterprises ……………………………………… Administrative and waste services ………………………………………………… Educational services ………………………………………………………………… Health care and social assistance ………………………………………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………………………………………… Accommodation and food services ………………………………………………… Other services, except public administration ……………………………………… Unclassified establishments ………………………………………………………… 26,002 7,488 75,368 4,642 241,941 13,300 47,348 36,313 97,612 17,108 1,776 73,458 12,157 134,823 12,161 442,325 27,589 108,332 62,162 143,637 33,412 3,083 2.8 1.6 1.8 2.6 1.8 2.1 2.3 1.7 1.5 2.0 1.7 7,695 1,082 16,875 1,291 45,263 2,611 7,223 5,027 9,888 2,567 333 29.6 14.4 22.4 27.8 18.7 19.6 15.3 13.8 10.1 15.0 18.8 Business demand .............................................................................................. Contract cancellation ...................................................................................... Contract completion ....................................................................................... Domestic competition ..................................................................................... Excess inventory/saturated market ................................................................ Import competition .......................................................................................... Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal business slowdown .................................................................................. 583,810 18,093 476,180 907,855 40,001 704,049 84,174 4,414 65,657 (3) 14.4 24.4 13.8 10.8 7.3 22.4 Organizational changes .................................................................................... Business-ownership change .......................................................................... Reorganization or restructuring of company .................................................. Industry Reason for layoff ( ) 5,341 ( ) 4,570 (3) (3) 1.6 2.2 1.5 1.3 .9 1.5 81,865 156,131 1.9 13,431 16.4 51,431 8,317 43,114 135,841 21,426 114,415 2.6 2.6 2.7 14,612 1,848 12,764 28.4 22.2 29.6 Financial issues ................................................................................................. Bankruptcy ..................................................................................................... Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ................................................ Financial difficulty ........................................................................................... 77,049 20,561 37,942 18,546 217,339 63,583 98,750 55,006 2.8 3.1 2.6 3.0 19,301 3,470 10,225 5,606 25.1 16.9 26.9 30.2 Production specific ............................................................................................ Automation/technological advances ............................................................... Energy related ................................................................................................ Governmental regulations/intervention .......................................................... Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ...................................................... Material or supply shortage ............................................................................ Model changeover .......................................................................................... Plant or machine repair/maintenance ............................................................ Product line discontinued ............................................................................... 15,179 1,935 – 2,526 1,392 560 4,264 2,787 1,715 35,507 3,176 – 6,230 2,856 701 13,085 3,877 5,582 2.3 1.6 – 2.5 2.1 1.3 3.1 1.4 3.3 2,954 283 – 752 257 39 847 286 490 19.5 14.6 – 29.8 18.5 7.0 19.9 10.3 28.6 Disaster/safety .................................................................................................. Hazardous work environment ........................................................................ Natural disaster (not weather related) ............................................................ Nonnatural disaster ........................................................................................ Extreme weather-related event ...................................................................... 9,484 13,527 ( ) (3) 1,413 9,452 1.4 3.8 .2 2.3 1.2 515 ( ) (3) 608 7,815 ( ) (3) 23 203 5.4 41.2 1.1 3.8 2.6 Seasonal ........................................................................................................... Seasonal ........................................................................................................ Vacation period–school related or otherwise ................................................. 390,775 303,774 87,001 681,182 534,293 146,889 1.7 1.8 1.7 49,498 44,092 5,406 12.7 14.5 6.2 Other/miscellaneous ......................................................................................... Other .............................................................................................................. Data not provided: Refusal ............................................................................. Data not provided: Does not know ................................................................. 208,548 14,222 66,928 127,398 356,118 29,340 104,007 222,771 1.7 2.1 1.6 1.7 33,464 3,146 10,298 20,020 16.0 22.1 15.4 15.7 Other selected measures Worksite closures …………………………………………………………………… Recall expected ……………………………………………………………………… No recall expected …………………………………………………………………… 87,314 807,960 220,006 253,249 1,295,484 540,183 2.9 1.6 2.5 24,047 104,511 52,387 27.5 12.9 23.8 3 3 3 3 3 ( ) 392 3 1 The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued claim activity for initial claimants associated with extended mass layoffs once a month during the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week, which is usually the week including the 12th day of the month. Continued claims with earnings are excluded because individuals who make such claims are classified as employed in the CPS. Final payment information for MLS claimants is collected weekly. (See the technical note for additional information.) 2 3 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics program. 14 BLS Reports │ September 2013 • www.bls.gov E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 Table 10. Unemployment insurance benefit exhaustion rates by selected claimant characteristics, private nonfarm sector, 2012 Characteristic Initial claims for unemployment Final payments for unemployment Percentage of initial claimants receiving final payments insurance insurance1 Total, private nonfarm2 …………………………… 1,336,276 204,518 15.3 287,046 446,303 329,225 272,123 1,579 44,111 66,002 46,869 47,187 349 15.4 14.8 14.2 17.3 22.1 800,520 534,083 1,673 111,467 92,748 303 13.9 17.4 18.1 706,101 182,450 294,958 10,372 46,248 96,147 93,777 35,956 48,837 1,703 8,374 15,871 13.3 19.7 16.6 16.4 18.1 16.5 Age Under 30 years of age ………………………………… 30–44 …………………………………………………… 45–54 …………………………………………………… 55 years of age or over ………………………...……… Not available …………………………………………… Gender Male ……………………………………………………… Female …………………………………………………… Not available ………………………………………...…… Race/ethnicity White ……………………………………………………… Black ……………………………………………………… Hispanic origin …………………………………………… American Indian or Alaska Native …………………… Asian or Pacific Islander ………………………………… Not available …………………………………………… 1 2 Final payment information for Mass Layoff Statistics claimants is collected weekly. (See the technical note for additional information. . Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics program. BLS Reports │September 2013 • www.bls.gov 15 E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 Table 11. The 50 metropolitan areas with the largest number of initial claimants associated with extended mass layoff events in 2012, by residency of claimants, private nonfarm sector 2011 Metropolitan area Total, 372 metropolitan areas 2 ………………………………………………… Initial claimants for unemployment insurance 2012 Rank1 Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Rank1 1,068,310 … 1,142,573 … Total, top 50 metropolitan areas ………………………………………………… 780,442 … 897,171 … Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, Calif. ………………………………………… New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Pa. ……………………… Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, Calif. …………………………………………… San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, Calif. …………………………………………… Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, Ill.-Ind.-Wis. ……………………………………………… San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, Calif. …………………………………………… Sacramento—Arden-Arcade—Roseville, Calif. …………………………………… San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, Calif. …………………………………………… 3 Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md. .…………………………… Las Vegas-Paradise, Nev. …………………………………………………………… 202,569 75,115 46,007 38,172 48,548 29,161 17,131 15,718 20,018 9,858 1 2 4 5 3 6 8 9 7 16 275,404 75,621 59,485 48,029 46,420 32,645 21,938 18,655 18,484 18,309 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, Calif. …………………………………………… Fresno, Calif. …………………………………………………………………………… Pittsburgh, Pa. ………………………………………………………………………… Modesto, Calif. ………………………………………………………………………… 11,822 10,121 13,189 9,011 11 15 10 18 16,512 13,258 12,874 12,004 11 12 13 14 Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, Wash. …………………………………………………… Stockton, Calif. ………………………………………………………………………… St. Louis, Mo.-Ill. ……………………………………………………………………… Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, Texas ……………………………………………… Detroit-Warren-Livonia, Mich. ………………………………………………………… Bakersfield-Delano, Calif. …………………………………………………………… 11,379 9,089 11,726 10,688 8,843 6,787 13 17 12 14 20 29 11,749 11,390 11,389 11,180 10,748 10,484 15 16 17 18 19 20 Baltimore-Towson, Md. ……………………………………………………………… Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Ore.-Wash. ………………………………………… Visalia-Porterville, Calif. ……………………………………………………………… Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, Mass.-N.H. …………………………………………… Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, Ariz. ……………………………………………………… 6,286 8,791 4,880 6,721 8,031 33 21 38 30 25 10,382 9,210 8,318 7,465 6,756 21 22 23 24 25 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minn.-Wis. …………………………………… Kansas City, Mo.-Kan. ………………………………………………………………… Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wis. ……………………………………………… Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas ………………………………………………… Atlantic City-Hammonton, N.J. ……………………………………………………… 8,081 3,837 8,736 6,573 6,804 24 46 22 31 28 6,473 6,472 6,177 5,912 5,881 26 27 28 29 30 Vallejo-Fairfield, Calif. ………………………………………………………………… Cincinnati-Middletown, Ohio-Ky.-Ind. ……………………………………………… Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, Fla. ……………………………………… Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, Ga. ……………………………………………… 3 Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, D.C.-Va.-Md.-W.Va. ………………………… 5,225 5,572 8,967 8,725 5,178 36 35 19 23 37 5,615 5,572 5,553 5,166 5,148 31 32 33 34 35 Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, Ohio ……………………………………………………… Toledo, Ohio …………………………………………………………………………… Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Va.-N.C. ………………………………… Buffalo-Niagara Falls, N.Y. …………………………………………………………… McAllen-Edinburg-Mission, Texas …………………………………………………… 7,123 3,689 6,403 7,763 3,018 27 49 32 26 62 5,078 4,907 4,656 4,272 4,161 36 37 38 39 40 Rochester, N.Y. ……………………………………………………………………… Indianapolis-Carmel, Ind. …………………………………………………………… Scranton--Wilkes-Barre, Pa. ………………………………………………………… Santa Rosa-Petaluma, Calif. ………………………………………………………… Merced, Calif. ………………………………………………………………………… 6,219 3,419 3,434 3,396 3,136 34 54 53 57 61 4,143 3,913 3,855 3,756 3,733 41 42 43 44 45 Columbus, Ohio ……………………………………………………………………… Beaumont-Port Arthur, Texas ………………………………………………………… Salinas, Calif. ………………………………………………………………………… Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pa.-N.J. …………………………………………… Peoria, Ill. ……………………………………………………………………………… 4,287 2,094 3,301 4,145 2,152 43 89 58 44 85 3,695 3,649 3,635 3,594 3,446 46 47 48 49 50 3 1 Metropolitan areas are ranked by the number of initial claims in 2012. 2 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. Data starting in June 2012 may not be comparable to prior data due to improvements in state MLS data processing. 3 NOTE: The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan areas shown in this table are defined in the U.S. Office of Management and Budget Bulletin 10-02, December 1, 2009. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics program. 16 BLS Reports │ September 2013 • www.bls.gov E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 Table 12. Summary of employer expectations of a recall from extended mass layoffs, private nonfarm sector, 2005–2012 Nature of recall Percent of layoff events1 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 56.2 52.1 49.5 41.4 34.2 49.5 55.2 56.9 87.1 50.1 88.7 53.5 86.5 49.0 77.2 45.0 72.0 44.2 70.2 42.5 68.3 41.8 63.4 39.6 90.6 47.9 92.2 49.4 90.2 49.8 79.6 38.9 73.0 33.9 72.6 35.5 71.8 33.7 66.1 29.9 94.8 93.6 94.7 95.3 94.1 93.1 94.5 92.9 91.5 45.6 91.0 48.2 91.6 46.6 88.8 43.5 88.3 48.8 86.6 48.8 87.3 48.1 85.7 48.7 96.7 55.0 96.8 57.0 96.0 59.1 92.3 51.8 90.8 49.7 91.1 49.2 92.2 47.2 90.5 45.2 Anticipate a recall ……………………………………………………… 31.6 29.4 25.1 24.4 20.5 27.7 34.4 38.3 Timeframe Within 6 months ………………………………………………………… Within 3 months …………………………………………………… 78.5 58.7 84.7 62.7 76.1 53.8 62.9 46.8 54.7 39.4 42.6 31.9 40.6 32.6 35.5 28.2 Size of recall At least half …………………………………………………………… All workers ………………………………………………………… 78.9 34.3 84.3 36.2 78.3 31.0 63.9 22.9 54.2 17.2 41.7 12.6 42.0 14.2 35.4 10.7 All layoff events Anticipate a recall ……………………………………………………… Timeframe Within 6 months ………………………………………………………… Within 3 months …………………………………………………… Size of recall At least half …………………………………………………………… All workers ………………………………………………………… Layoff events due to seasonal work and vacation period Anticipate a recall ……………………………………………………… Timeframe Within 6 months ………………………………………………………… Within 3 months …………………………………………………… Size of recall At least half …………………………………………………………… All workers ………………………………………………………… All layoff events, excluding those due to seasonal work and vacation period 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics program. BLS Reports │September 2013 • www.bls.gov 17 E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 Table 13. Distribution of extended mass layoff events with expected recall, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2005–2012 Percent of layoff events Measure 2005 Total, private nonfarm1 ………………………………… 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 56.2 52.1 49.5 41.4 34.2 49.5 55.2 56.9 Mining …………………………………………………………… Utilities ………………………………………………………… Construction …………………………………………………… Manufacturing ………………………………………………… Wholesale trade ……………………………………………… Retail trade …………………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing …………………………… Information ……………………………………………………… Finance and insurance ……………………………………… 90.9 53.8 80.2 48.2 44.1 31.3 65.3 17.5 8.2 75.0 72.7 58.9 45.6 36.9 29.1 72.3 26.5 5.0 76.9 55.6 53.8 43.1 31.6 29.9 76.0 23.7 .5 67.3 36.4 56.4 36.9 20.5 19.3 51.9 9.8 .2 43.9 52.4 56.4 28.1 14.7 11.7 46.7 4.1 1.3 59.3 41.2 71.2 38.9 32.9 21.3 59.7 19.1 2.4 70.5 80.0 75.9 45.0 38.8 24.9 62.4 37.4 1.6 48.2 44.4 76.3 44.0 30.1 21.3 68.4 42.3 2.3 Real estate and rental and leasing ………………………… Professional and technical services ………………………… Management of companies and enterprises ……………… Administrative and waste services ………………………… Educational services ………………………………………… Health care and social assistance ..................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………………… Accommodation and food services ………………………… Other services, except public administration ……………… Unclassified establishments ………………………………… 31.6 46.8 42.9 42.6 50.0 69.1 77.8 65.8 71.3 – 29.4 52.9 33.3 41.1 60.9 79.7 81.5 73.8 81.5 – 10.7 40.4 42.9 56.2 55.6 77.7 84.2 74.3 69.9 25.0 15.7 31.5 33.3 41.3 51.2 66.5 71.9 53.9 57.8 – 16.8 22.8 22.2 32.0 39.0 62.6 64.6 44.9 43.2 – 25.0 38.6 40.0 45.6 60.9 62.8 73.2 55.7 64.8 – 29.3 46.5 40.7 53.2 41.3 63.5 84.0 64.4 73.0 50.0 44.7 55.7 37.5 62.6 52.6 65.3 81.4 63.8 65.3 46.7 Business demand .............................................................. Contract cancellation ...................................................... Contract completion ........................................................ Domestic competition ..................................................... Excess inventory/saturated market ................................ Import competition .......................................................... Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal business slowdown ................................................... 48.9 15.5 42.8 43.5 14.1 36.6 (2) (2) 5.4 (2) (2) 9.4 39.1 21.9 36.3 26.7 34.2 2.7 40.7 17.7 51.1 28.6 37.5 5.6 33.4 17.2 50.2 33.3 42.9 4.5 48.7 11.5 62.2 12.5 38.5 – 57.9 19.7 68.3 20.0 41.7 – 64.9 20.2 74.9 11.1 40.0 – 64.8 63.0 47.6 38.6 29.1 41.0 45.1 46.9 Organizational changes ..................................................... Business-ownership change ........................................... Reorganization or restructuring of company ................... 4.5 1.9 5.2 5.0 4.8 5.1 6.0 3.0 7.1 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.8 3.5 3.9 6.3 12.5 4.3 4.2 5.3 3.8 5.8 9.7 4.6 Financial issues ................................................................. Bankruptcy ...................................................................... 4.0 2.2 5.0 1.8 4.4 – 3.8 1.5 6.6 3.4 5.9 1.7 3.9 3.9 2.9 1.1 Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ................ Financial difficulty ........................................................... (2) 5.2 (2) 6.1 4.0 6.1 4.3 4.4 8.5 4.6 5.8 7.5 3.8 3.9 3.7 2.8 Production specific ............................................................ Automation/technological advances ............................... Energy related ................................................................ 40.2 33.3 – 44.7 12.5 100.0 53.6 12.5 – 44.9 50.0 20.0 38.7 20.0 – 42.6 33.3 100.0 53.2 50.0 – 44.0 30.0 – Governmental regulations/intervention ........................... Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ...................... Material or supply shortage ............................................ Model changeover .......................................................... Plant or machine repair/maintenance ............................. Product line discontinued ............................................... (2) 55.6 50.0 71.4 90.0 15.0 (2) 72.2 70.0 66.7 83.3 11.1 7.1 55.6 100.0 66.7 82.4 28.6 19.0 47.4 66.7 66.7 87.5 9.1 26.7 14.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 – 5.6 42.9 100.0 75.0 100.0 25.0 13.3 40.0 69.6 84.6 85.7 10.0 22.2 37.5 100.0 77.8 80.0 – Disaster/safety ................................................................... Hazardous work environment ......................................... Natural disaster (not weather related) ............................ Nonnatural disaster ........................................................ Extreme weather-related event ...................................... 42.9 100.0 50.0 100.0 42.5 80.6 25.0 60.0 60.0 89.6 84.4 – 66.7 80.0 95.5 37.9 – 100.0 25.0 37.3 68.4 66.7 – 66.7 70.0 75.0 100.0 100.0 60.0 81.8 64.5 40.0 – – 85.7 68.9 – – 60.0 80.0 Seasonal ............................................................................ Seasonal ......................................................................... Vacation period–school related or otherwise .................. 94.8 94.5 100.0 93.6 93.3 98.2 94.7 93.5 99.3 95.3 94.3 99.2 94.1 92.9 98.0 93.1 91.5 99.4 94.5 93.6 98.4 92.9 91.4 98.2 Other/miscellaneous .......................................................... Other ............................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal ............................................. Data not provided: Does not know ................................. 5.0 17.0 – – 4.8 19.1 – .9 3.3 46.3 – .5 2.5 39.3 – .1 1.4 27.0 – – 1.4 27.3 – .1 2.5 27.2 – – 2.2 27.6 – – Industry Reason for layoff 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Use of this reason began with data from the first quarter of 2007. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics program. 18 BLS Reports │ September 2013 • www.bls.gov E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 Table 14. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations by primary reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2008–2012 Layoff events Separations Reason for layoff1 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 Total, all reasons ..................................................... 899 1,099 602 497 544 215,647 237,333 119,234 103,682 121,972 Business demand ....................................................... 236 405 186 Contract cancellation ............................................... Contract completion ................................................. Domestic competition .............................................. Excess inventory/saturated market .......................... Import competition ................................................... Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal business slowdown ............................................ 26 16 4 8 34 40 41 5 10 12 30 24 4 (2) (2) 118 130 51,480 73,808 33,413 24,055 26,739 21 20 3 6 4 40 19 6 (2) (2) 8,453 4,259 1,080 2,064 6,046 5,918 7,412 595 1,069 2,237 6,125 4,731 1,384 (2) (2) 3,870 5,778 279 2,352 1,110 10,111 3,458 1,617 (2) (2) 148 297 123 64 60 29,578 56,577 20,485 10,666 10,503 Organizational changes .............................................. 223 Business-ownership change .................................... Reorganization or restructuring of company ............ 50 173 193 123 101 110 50,435 41,430 25,179 18,575 26,659 45 148 35 88 33 68 33 77 16,379 34,056 12,902 28,528 10,217 14,962 5,157 13,418 10,795 15,864 Financial issues .......................................................... 373 431 242 218 239 97,787 109,509 52,737 50,296 53,671 Bankruptcy ............................................................... Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability .......... Financial difficulty .................................................... 113 103 157 134 131 166 53 92 97 64 71 83 74 65 100 31,779 18,010 47,998 42,348 24,382 42,779 12,305 16,089 24,343 17,591 12,437 20,268 21,990 13,702 17,979 Production specific ...................................................... 26 16 13 16 21 7,145 3,651 2,480 2,901 3,722 Automation/technological advances ........................ Energy related ......................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention .................... Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ............... Material or supply shortage ..................................... Model changeover ................................................... Plant or machine repair/maintenance ...................... Product line discontinued ......................................... 3 3 12 (2) – – (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) – – (2) (2) (2) – – – 8 – (2) – – – 1,386 620 – (2) 2 ( ) – (2) 291 – (2) (2) – – 2,014 – – 2 ( ) (2) (2) 7 – (2) 2 ( ) 562 510 4,254 (2) 3 – (2) (2) – – 9 – – 2 ( ) – (2) – (2) 1,558 1,056 (2) 2 ( ) ( ) Hazardous work environment .................................. Natural disaster (not weather related) ..................... Nonnatural disaster .................................................. Extreme weather-related event ................................ – – 2 ( ) (2) 2 ( ) – – (2) – – 2 ( ) (2) Seasonal ..................................................................... (2) (2) Seasonal .................................................................. Vacation period–school related or otherwise ........... (2) (2) – – – Disaster/safety ............................................................ 2 2 – 7 (2) – – (2) 9 ( ) ( ) – (2) – – – – – 2 ( ) (2) 2 – – (2) – – 2 ( ) (2) – (2) – – – (2) 3 (2) (2) (2) (2) 417 (2) (2) 3 – (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) – – – – 417 – 5 2 ( ) (2) ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 – – (2) 2 ( ) 2 – 1,251 (2) ( ) 2 ( ) (2) (2) – Other/miscellaneous ................................................... 34 49 33 36 41 6,109 7,768 4,378 6,382 10,713 Other ........................................................................ Data not provided: Refusal ...................................... Data not provided: Does not know ........................... 16 6 12 32 (2) (2) 15 – 18 27 (2) (2) 26 (2) (2) 2,924 1,225 1,960 5,471 (2) (2) 2,068 – 2,310 5,126 (2) (2) 4,699 (2) (2) 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. For additional information see the technical note. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics program. BLS Reports │September 2013 • www.bls.gov 19 E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 Table 15. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations by major industry sector, private nonfarm sector, 2008–2012 Layoff events Separations Industry Total, private nonfarm 1 ..................................... Mining …………………………………………………… Utilities …………………………………………………… Construction ……………………………………………… Manufacturing …………………………………………… Wholesale trade ………………………………………… Retail trade ……………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing ……………………… Information ……………………………………………… Finance and insurance ………………………………… Real estate and rental and leasing …………………… Professional and technical services …………………… Management of companies and enterprises ………… Administrative and waste services …………………… Educational services …………………………………… Health care and social assistance ……………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………… Accommodation and food services …………………… Other services, except public administration ………… Unclassified establishments …………………………… 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 899 1,099 602 497 7 (2) (2) 24 198 28 84 31 15 28 (2) 20 167 21 104 29 9 20 26 15 5 42 11 21 5 14 (2) 32 981 3,729 1,415 9,073 (2) (2) 30 382 41 145 50 20 69 7 18 7 37 19 – 33 480 51 214 59 29 49 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 544 215,647 237,333 119,234 103,682 121,972 15 (2) 936 (2) 2,399 (2) 13 178 34 95 23 14 27 (2) 4,783 83,487 6,591 51,381 15,844 3,059 11,367 (2) 4,497 37,711 3,653 19,879 5,384 2,398 8,722 (2) 4,071 33,579 3,779 21,618 4,886 1,370 3,349 (2) 2,621 38,372 6,008 19,251 7,629 5,163 6,610 6,043 2,634 1,241 8,121 1,508 4,719 2,729 2,898 (2) 14,410 (2) 9,337 2,100 10,789 660 2,645 5,211 1,098 9,383 527 4,412 1,529 7,292 1,921 (2) 6,099 1,231 8,882 1,356 (2) 3,896 (2) 5,312 537 (2) 13,498 1,387 6,249 804 4,676 784 – – – – – (2) 28 8 44 6 11 28 7 43 5 25 7 29 10 (2) 29 6 48 10 (2) 25 (2) 26 5 (2) 44 10 21 9 33 5 – – – – – 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. 4,154 – 4,859 91,476 7,881 66,679 12,125 4,838 11,303 NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics program. 20 BLS Reports │ September 2013 • www.bls.gov E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 Table 16. Census region and division: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2010–2012 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Census region and division 2010 2011 2012 2010 2011 2012 2010 2011 2012 United States1 .................................. 7,247 6,596 6,500 1,257,134 1,112,710 1,257,212 1,415,766 1,295,273 1,336,276 Northeast ................................................... 1,545 1,301 1,215 238,754 184,422 199,501 286,402 231,162 213,921 New England ......................................... Middle Atlantic ....................................... 235 1,310 213 1,088 199 1,016 42,605 196,149 39,025 145,397 34,223 165,278 37,549 248,853 30,550 200,612 30,232 183,689 South ......................................................... 1,377 1,278 1,062 247,990 207,852 186,376 285,304 233,767 180,827 South Atlantic ........................................ East South Central ................................ West South Central ............................... 789 275 313 702 261 315 527 241 294 142,963 49,929 55,098 109,965 42,888 54,999 89,534 43,033 53,809 168,175 48,891 68,238 130,368 43,184 60,215 84,413 37,009 59,405 Midwest ..................................................... 1,671 1,537 1,427 281,874 261,171 242,490 292,196 268,633 243,198 East North Central ................................. West North Central ................................ 1,259 412 1,174 363 1,091 336 211,273 70,601 200,229 60,942 183,361 59,129 226,339 65,857 213,150 55,483 192,053 51,145 West .......................................................... 2,654 2,480 2,796 488,516 459,265 628,845 551,864 561,711 698,330 Mountain ............................................... Pacific .................................................... 379 2,275 327 2,153 354 2,442 80,584 407,932 69,731 389,534 79,377 549,468 60,455 491,409 50,567 511,144 57,067 641,263 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. NOTE: The states (and the District of Columbia) that make up the census divisions are as follows: New England—Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic—New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic—Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central—Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central—Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central—Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central—Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain—Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific—Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics program. BLS Reports │September 2013 • www.bls.gov 21 E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 Table 17. State distribution: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2010–2012 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance State 2010 2011 2012 Total, private nonfarm1 .......................... 7,247 6,596 6,500 1,257,134 1,112,710 Alabama .......................................................... 47 Alaska ............................................................. 48 Arizona ............................................................ 73 Arkansas ......................................................... 31 California ......................................................... 1,984 Colorado ......................................................... 73 Connecticut ..................................................... 64 Delaware ......................................................... 15 District of Columbia ......................................... 12 Florida ............................................................. 264 Georgia ........................................................... 76 Hawaii ............................................................. 10 Idaho ............................................................... 31 41 35 67 51 1,868 49 49 20 13 219 129 10 39 44 35 63 45 2,141 64 47 15 12 120 79 (2) 30 10,752 13,681 14,714 4,238 356,179 19,052 14,775 1,990 1,501 66,590 8,542 1,153 5,262 Maryland3 ........................................................ Massachusetts ................................................ Michigan .......................................................... Minnesota ....................................................... Mississippi ....................................................... Missouri ........................................................... 460 114 33 49 92 89 31 79 82 162 128 41 156 430 109 34 41 100 95 29 70 76 160 127 40 122 408 106 27 38 107 78 31 105 74 149 123 30 115 Montana .......................................................... Nebraska ......................................................... Nevada ............................................................ New Hampshire .............................................. New Jersey ..................................................... New Mexico .................................................... New York ........................................................ North Carolina ................................................. North Dakota ................................................... Ohio ................................................................ Oklahoma ........................................................ Oregon ............................................................ Pennsylvania ................................................... 31 24 80 18 224 45 642 126 21 318 13 94 444 26 25 60 14 251 43 472 91 13 276 25 103 365 Rhode Island ................................................... South Carolina ................................................ South Dakota .................................................. Tennessee ...................................................... Texas .............................................................. Utah ................................................................ Vermont .......................................................... Virginia ............................................................ Washington ..................................................... West Virginia ................................................... Wisconsin ........................................................ Wyoming ......................................................... 25 87 Illinois .............................................................. Indiana ............................................................ Iowa ................................................................ Kansas ............................................................ Kentucky ......................................................... Louisiana ......................................................... Maine .............................................................. Puerto Rico ..................................................... 2010 2011 2012 2010 2011 2012 1,257,212 1,415,766 1,295,273 1,336,276 9,836 14,044 11,423 8,036 333,617 12,925 10,244 2,431 1,764 37,573 17,529 1,699 6,538 8,133 12,508 14,051 8,802 493,420 13,999 6,920 1,403 1,596 21,953 13,475 10,561 8,604 12,452 9,575 451,374 6,822 6,953 3,391 1,735 36,318 28,526 1,639 5,163 9,089 8,125 10,114 10,042 588,039 9,079 6,920 1,915 1,597 18,332 13,529 (2) 4,333 12,741 11,055 12,844 7,586 431,866 9,806 12,011 1,717 1,501 64,522 14,096 1,143 3,989 81,890 12,835 5,832 6,843 15,401 18,259 5,210 13,788 11,917 20,798 18,609 7,077 31,562 80,573 12,423 4,639 5,596 13,893 19,098 5,361 11,084 12,883 21,681 22,348 5,305 23,105 74,252 13,710 3,507 7,191 18,844 13,813 5,612 18,143 13,302 24,058 20,675 5,667 24,117 86,397 20,314 8,545 8,996 11,500 14,075 4,576 11,280 11,831 23,278 18,515 4,979 23,824 79,988 22,048 7,239 5,173 11,810 14,440 3,930 9,733 10,766 26,185 19,154 5,102 19,079 76,580 19,753 4,440 7,024 13,601 11,527 4,481 14,766 12,005 25,928 16,519 3,432 18,703 28 15 92 21 231 40 441 54 17 266 23 106 344 5,411 5,172 13,923 3,627 51,004 8,387 93,181 12,318 2,433 51,466 2,981 20,972 51,964 4,150 3,845 13,647 3,186 44,695 7,508 54,803 10,153 1,289 46,772 3,583 23,168 45,899 5,614 1,561 21,471 3,647 48,205 7,202 69,307 7,187 1,986 42,230 2,840 22,649 47,766 3,336 2,827 16,845 2,789 44,875 6,000 118,151 33,151 3,005 54,566 3,156 22,378 85,827 2,663 2,895 12,194 2,084 43,843 5,210 89,975 21,336 1,816 47,076 3,108 24,346 66,794 3,036 1,991 20,761 2,650 44,534 4,944 75,860 8,163 2,409 39,849 2,574 21,071 63,295 18 38 14 38 4,282 15,974 2,925 8,595 2,254 5,264 4,126 16,608 2,891 6,505 2,234 6,046 (2) 95 180 39 15 109 139 21 205 (2) 80 144 37 27 99 137 23 199 (2) 16,699 29,620 9,352 2,794 17,947 15,947 4,313 44,284 (2) 13,854 24,282 9,420 4,426 17,095 17,006 3,741 38,780 (2) 15,711 33,092 4,973 3,926 19,573 25,181 3,251 37,853 (2) (2) (2) (2) 10,389 28,354 8,818 2,488 14,701 20,247 5,812 29,111 3,889 (2) 19,671 43,421 6,482 2,216 21,953 24,967 3,347 41,784 (2) (2) 60 148 30 12 78 154 26 162 7 (2) (2) (2) 10,887 35,262 4,594 1,942 16,774 23,284 3,291 29,943 1,121 48 64 56 5,353 9,449 7,872 14,154 18,628 14,365 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. 3 Data starting in June 2012 may not be comparable to prior data due to improvements in state MLS data processing. (2) 3,418 SOURCE: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics program. 22 BLS Reports │ September 2013 • www.bls.gov E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 Technical Notes The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a federalstate program that uses a standardized, automated approach to identify, describe, and track the effects of major job cutbacks, using data from each state’s unemployment insurance (UI) database. Employers that have at least 50 initial claims for unemployment insurance filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period are contacted by the state agency to determine whether these separations last more than 30 days; and, if so, the state obtains information on the total number of persons separated and the reasons for these separations. Employers are identified according to industry classification and location; unemployment insurance claimants are identified by such demographic factors as age, race, sex, ethnic group, and place of residence. The MLS program yields information on an individual’s entire spell of unemployment, to the point when regular unemployment insurance benefits are exhausted. Beginning with data for 2004, the scope of extended mass layoffs and plant closings was redefined to cover only the private nonfarm economy. Therefore, extended mass layoff information for agriculture and government are no longer collected. With the release of the extended mass layoff data from the first quarter of 2007, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) introduced improvements to the presentation of data by including economic reasons for extended mass layoffs. Thus, reason-for-layoff data beginning with the first quarter of 2007 are not strictly comparable with data from previous quarters. This report uses the latest metropolitan area definitions as published in the Office of Management and Budget Bulletin 10-02 and the 2012 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) definitions. Definitions Continued claim. A claim filed after the initial claim, by mail, telephone, or in person, for a waiting-period credit or payment for a certified week of unemployment. The MLS program collects continued claims for 1 week BLS Reports │ September 2013 • www.bls.gov each month—generally the calendar week that includes the 12th day of the month; this week is referred to as the reference week because of its use in the Current Population Survey (CPS) as the basis for monthly unemployment. Employer. A firm covered by state unemployment insurance laws at which one predominant type of economic activity is conducted. Extended mass layoff event. A layoff defined by the filing of 50 or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits against an employer during a 5-week period, with at least 50 workers separated for more than 30 days. Such layoffs involve both people subject to recall and those who are terminated. Final payment. The last payment received by a person who has exhausted all of his or her regular unemployment insurance benefits. Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation or for a subsequent period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of eligibility. Layoff. The separation of people from an employer as part of a mass layoff event. Such layoffs involve both people who are subject to recall and those who are terminated. Mass layoff. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits filed against an employer during a 5-week period, regardless of the duration of the layoff. Movement of work. The work activities performed at a worksite by the company’s employees are reassigned in one of the following ways: 1) to another worksite within the company; 2) to another company under formal arrangements at the same worksite; or 3) to another company under formal arrangements at another worksite. Movement-of-work separations. The number of separations specifically associated with movement-of-work actions. Movement-of-work action. Employer-confirmed relocation of work within the same company or to other companies, 23 E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 domestically or outside the United States. Because employers may cite more than one location to which work is moving, a layoff event may have more than one action associated with it. Relocation-of-work action. A movement-of-work action in which the employer provides information on the new location of work and/or the number of workers affected by the movement. Layoff events may involve more than one action per employer if work moved to more than one location. Separations. The number of people who have become displaced during an extended mass layoff event according to the employer, regardless of whether they file for unemployment insurance. Worksite closure. The complete closure of an employer’s worksite without regard to whether other worksites operated by the same employer, if any, remain open. Movement-of-work concepts and questions Because of the employer interview component of the MLS program, BLS decided to use the program as a vehicle for collecting additional information on offshoring and outsourcing associated with job loss, by adding questions that address movement of work. (Before 2004, “overseas relocation” and “domestic relocation” were economic reasons for layoffs and were used in extended mass layoff news releases. These reasons were eliminated with the collection of movement-of-work data; therefore, the current data are not comparable with the data from this earlier period.) Questions on movement of work and location are asked for all identified layoff events when the reason for separation is other than “seasonal work” or “vacation period.” Seasonal and vacation layoff events are unlikely to result in work relocation. Before questions on movement of work are asked, an analyst must verify that a layoff has in fact occurred and has lasted for more than 30 days. An analyst must also obtain the total number of workers separated from jobs, the date the layoff 24 began, and the economic reason for layoff. If the reason for layoff is other than seasonal work or vacation period, the employer is asked the following: “Did this layoff include your company moving work from this location(s) to a different geographic location(s) within your company?” “Did this layoff include your company moving work that was performed in-house by your employees to a different company, through contractual arrangements?” A “yes” response to either question is followed by two questions: “Is the location inside or outside of the United States?” and “How many of the layoffs were a result of this relocation?” Layoff actions are classified as “overseas relocation” if the employer responds “yes” to questions 1 and/or 2, and indicates that the location(s) was outside of the United States. Domestic relocation is determined if the employer responds “yes” to questions 1 and/or 2 and indicates that the location(s) was within the United States. After asking the movement-of-work questions, the employer interview continues and responses are obtained for questions on recall expectations and the open/closed status of the worksite. Reliability of the data The identification of employers, layoff events, and characteristics of claimants in the MLS program is based on administrative data for employers and workers covered by unemployment insurance. Therefore, these data are not subject to issues associated with sampling error. Nonsampling errors such as typographical errors may occur but are not likely to be significant. Although the employers and layoff events in the MLS program are not subject to sampling error, and all such private nonfarm employers are asked the same employer interview questions, the employer responses are subject to nonsampling error. A nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the inability to obtain information for all respondents, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors BLS Reports │ September 2013 • www.bls.gov E X T E N D E D M A S S L AY O F F S I N 2 0 1 2 made in the collection or processing of the data. For 2012, outright refusal to participate in the employer interview accounted for 4.6 percent of all private nonfarm events. Additional information information in this report is available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1 (800) 877-8339. Email address: mlsinfo@bls.gov. Material in this report is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be used without permission. The BLS Reports │September 2013 • www.bls.gov 25
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