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Extended Mass Layoffs in 2010 BLS U.S. Department of Labor Hilda L. Solis, Secretary U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics Keith Hall, Commissioner November 2011 Report 1038 1 Contents Page Extended Mass Layoffs in 2010 Introduction ............................................................................................................................................................................ Highlights................................................................................................................................................................................ Chart 1..................................................................................................................................................................................... 1 1 2 Statistical Tables 1. Numbers of extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2002–2010.......................................................................................................................... 4 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance private nonfarm sector, 2008–2010.......................................................................................................... 5 Over-the-year change in extended mass layoff separations by industry, private nonfarm sector, 2008–2009 and 2009–2010...................................................................................................................................... 6 Industry distribution: extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest three-digit NAICS industries, 2009–2010................................................................................................................ 7 Industry distribution: extended mass layoff separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest six-digit NAICS industries, 2008–2010.................................................................................................................................. 8 Reason for layoff: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2008–2010......................................................................................................... 9 7. Over-the-year change in separations by reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2008–2009 and 2009–2010......................................................................................................................................................... 10 8. Number of separations in extended mass layoff events by state and by selected higher level category for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2010................................................................................................................... 11 9. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by major industry, private nonfarm sector, 2010..................... 12 10. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2010......................... 13 11. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by Census region and division, private nonfarm sector, 2010............................................................................................................................................................... 14 12. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period unemployment insurance benefit exhaustion rates by selected claimant characteristics, private nonfarm sector, 2010......................................................................... 15 13. Extended mass layoff events and separations, selected measures, 2008–2010........................................................ 19 14. Movement of work actions by type of separation where number of separations is known by employers, 2008–2010........................................................................................................................................ 16 ii Contents–Continued Page 15. Distribution of extended mass layoff events and separations by size of layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2008–2010...................................................................................................................................... 16 16. Average number of separations in extended mass layoff events by selected measures, private nonfarm sector, 2002–2010..................................................................................................................................................... 17 17. State and selected claimant characteristics: extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2009–2010................................................................................ 18 18. Claimant race and ethnicity: percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2009–2010............................................................................................. 19 19. Claimant age and gender: percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2009–2010............................................................................................. 20 20. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by state, private nonfarm sector, 2010................................................................................................................................................ 21 21. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2010....................................................................................................... 22 22. Claimants for unemployment insurance, based on residency, associated with extended mass layoff events, 50 highest metropolitan areas, private nonfarm sector, 2010 .................................................................................. 23 23. Unemployment insurance benefit exhaustion rates by selected claimant characteristics, private nonfarm sector, 2010............................................................................................................................................................... 24 24. Census region and division: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance private nonfarm sector, 2008–2010 ................................................................................ 25 25. State distribution: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2008–2010......................................................................................................... 26 26. The 50 metropolitan areas with the largest number of initial claimants associated with extended mass layoff events in 2010, by residency of claimants, private nonfarm sector ..................................................... 27 27. Summary of employer expectations of a recall from extended mass layoffs, private nonfarm sector, 2003–2010.......................................................................................................................... 28 28. Distribution of extended mass layoff events with expected recall, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2003–2010.......................................................................................................................... 29 29. Number of extended mass layoff events and separations after which the employer does not expect a recall, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2010 ............................................................................. 30 30. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations by primary reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2006–2010.......................................................................................................................... 31 31. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations by major industry sector, private nonfarm sector 2006–2010........................................................................................................................... 32 32. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest ranking three-digit NAICS industries in 2010........................................................................................ 33 iii Contents–Continued Page 33. Permanent worksite closures: over-the-year comparisons of extended mass layoff events and separations by state, private nonfarm sector, 2009–2010............................................................................................................ 34 34. Permanent worksite closures: the 25 metropolitan areas with the largest number of initial claimants associated with extended mass layoff events in 2010, by residency of claimants, private nonfarm sector ............................................................................................................................................. 35 35. Selected business functions involved in nonseasonal extended mass layoff events, 2009–2010............................ 36 36. Business processes involved in extended mass layoff events, by reason for layoff, 2009–2010............................. 37 37. Number of business processes affected in nonseasonal extended mass layoffs, 2009–2010................................... 38 Technical Note........................................................................................................................................................................ 39 iv Extended Mass Layoffs in 2010 Introduction were registered in administrative and waste services, retail trade, and finance and insurance, all of which had reached record levels in 2009. The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) conducts the Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program to provide information on large-scale layoff events and the characteristics of the dislocated workers. This report summarizes data on extended mass layoffs for 2010. The MLS program defines extended mass layoff events as the filing of 50 or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits against an employer during a 5-week period, with at least 50 workers separated for more than 30 days. Since 2004, the scope of the layoff data series was redefined to include only the private nonfarm economy. (See the technical note of this report for additional information on the concepts and definitions used.) In 2010, employers initiated 7,247 extended mass layoff events that resulted in the separation of nearly 1.3 million workers. As indicated in table 1, both layoff events and worker separations in 2010 decreased from the series-high levels recorded in 2009. (BLS began recording annual data for the MLS program in 1996.) Seventeen of 18 major industry sectors registered decreases in the number of separations in 2010 as compared with 2009. In 2009, 15 sectors had reached series highs in terms of worker separations. Manufacturing had the largest over-the-year decline in separated workers among the major industry sectors, decreasing to a near-record low of 224,173 separations in 2010 from a series high of 668,265 in 2009. About half of all private nonfarm employers reporting an extended mass layoff in 2010 indicated they anticipated some recall of dislocated workers, up from a series low of 34 percent recorded a year earlier. In 2010, the average national unemployment rate was 9.6 percent; a year earlier, it was 9.3 percent. Private nonfarm payroll employment decreased by 1 percent, or 915,000 jobs, from 2009 to 2010. • At the three-digit North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) industry level, general merchandise stores and accommodation both moved into the top 10 for number of worker separations in 2010, with machinery manufacturing and credit intermediation and related activities dropping from the top 10. (See table 4.) Among the six-digit NAICS industries, fruit and vegetable canning, discount department stores, and motion picture and video production moved into the top 10 in terms of separations, replacing automobile manufacturing, light truck and utility vehicle manufacturing, and radio, TV, and electronic stores. (See table 5.) • The number of workers separated due to business demand factors declined from 824,834 in 2009 to 384,564 in 2010, the largest decrease among the 7 categories of economic reasons for layoff. Layoffs associated with the completion of seasonal work were the only reason category to register an over-the-year increase in laid-off workers. (See table 6.) • In 2010, employers reported 229 extended mass layoff events that involved the movement of work, affecting 39,104 separated workers; both of these figures are record lows for the series (with data available back to 1996). These 229 layoff events with movement of work involved 318 identifiable relocations of work actions; employers were able to provide more complete separation information for 201 of these actions. (See table 13.) Among these 201 actions, 86 percent involved moving work within the same company, and 77 percent were related to moving work to another location in the United States. (See table 14. See the technical note for more information on movement of work concepts and questions.) • The average size of an extended mass layoff in 2010 (as measured by separations per layoff event) was 173 separated workers, registering the smallest average size of any year in the series (with data available back to 1996). (See table 15.) Highlights • • Manufacturing separations declined by 66 percent from 2009 to 2010, with decreases reported in 20 of 21 manufacturing subsectors. The largest decreases in manufacturing occurred in the transportation equipment, machinery, and computer and electronic products industries. (See tables 2 and 3.) In 2010, extended mass layoff separations declined over the year in 16 of the 17 nonmanufacturing industry sectors. The largest over-the-year declines in separations 1 Extended mass layoff separations, by reason categories,1 2001–2010 900,000 Seasonal Business demand Organizational changes Financial issues 800,000 700,000 Production specific Disaster/safety Separation 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 0 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Year 1 The chart excludes information on layoffs due to other/miscellaneous reasons. Source: U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics. • • Of the 1.4 million initial claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events in 2010, 40 percent were women, 33 percent were between the ages of 30 and 44, and 20 percent were 55 years or older. (See tables 17–19.) In the total civilian labor force in 2010, 47 percent were women, 43 percent were between the ages of 30 and 44, and 20 percent were 55 or older. The national average duration of insured unemployment associated with extended mass layoffs was 2.3 months (as measured by the average number of continued claims for unemployment insurance filed for the weeks that followed the initial claim and included the 12th day of the month). Among the 18 major industry sectors, the longest average jobless duration was experienced by claimants laid off from finance and insurance and from management of companies and enterprises (continued claims lasting an average of 2.9 months). Claimants laid off from transportation and warehousing experienced the shortest period of insured joblessness (1.6 months). Of the seven economic reasons for layoffs, claimants who were laid off because of financial issues reported the longest jobless duration (2.9 months). The shortest jobless duration occurred in seasonal layoffs (1.7 months). (See table 21.) 2 • Compared with 2009, all Census regions and divisions, and 45 states reported decreased numbers of laid-off workers in 2010. Among the states, the largest decreases of laid-off workers were reported by Michigan, California, and Ohio. (See tables 24 and 25.) • Eighty-two percent of the initial claimants associated with extended mass layoff events in 2010 resided within metropolitan areas, up slightly from 80 percent a year earlier. Among the 372 metropolitan areas, Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA, reported the highest number of resident initial claimants (147,478). Over the year, Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI, recorded the largest decline in the number of claimants, from 88,678 to 9,794. (See table 26.) • About half of the private nonfarm employers reporting an extended mass layoff in 2010 indicated that they anticipated recalling some dislocated workers, up from a series low 34 percent a year earlier. Of those employers expecting to recall laid-off workers, 36 percent indicated that the offer would be extended to all displaced employees. (See table 27.) • Eight percent of extended mass layoff events in 2010 were permanent worksite closures, affecting 119,233 note for more information on business functions and business processes.) The 57-percent decrease in business functions was larger than the 50-percent decrease in nonseasonal extended events, suggesting that employers targeted fewer functions in nonseasonal layoffs. In 2010, construction activities, followed by producing goods, and by administrative and clerical services, were targeted most often by employers in extended mass layoffs. (See table 35.) workers, or 9 percent of all separated workers, the lowest proportions of events and separations due to closure in the series (with data available back to 1996). Closurerelated separations were due mostly to financial issues (52,737) and business demand reasons (33,412). (See table 30.) • • In 2010, food and beverage stores, rental and leasing services, hospitals, and food services and drinking places moved into the top 10 three-digit NAICS industries in terms of the number of workers laid off due to permanent closures. These industries replaced wood product manufacturing, machinery manufacturing, electronics and appliance stores, and clothing and clothing accessories stores in the top 10. (See table 32.) • The total number of business functions reported by employers in nonseasonal layoff events in 2010 was 8,088, a decrease from 18,861 in 2009. (See the technical 3 Business processes affected by extended mass layoffs during 2010 numbered 8,624, down from 14,820 a year earlier. The number of reports decreased over the year for all five core processes that have data available in 2010, with the largest percentage decrease occurring in marketing, sales, and account management. (Data for strategic management began in 2010.) All three support process involved in layoffs also decreased, with technology and process development having the largest percentage decrease. (See table 36.) Table 1. Numbers of extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2002–2010 Year/quarter Events1 Separations1 Initial claimants for unemployment insurance1 2002 First quarter …………………………………………………………… Second quarter ……………………………………………………… Third quarter ………………………………………………………… Fourth quarter ………………………………………………………… 1,611 1,624 1,186 1,916 299,266 344,606 255,152 373,307 292,998 299,598 254,955 370,592 Total ………………………………………………………………… 6,337 1,272,331 1,218,143 2003 First quarter …………………………………………………………… Second quarter ……………………………………………………… Third quarter ………………………………………………………… Fourth quarter ………………………………………………………… 1,502 1,799 1,190 1,690 286,947 368,273 236,333 325,333 297,608 348,966 227,909 326,328 Total ………………………………………………………………… 6,181 1,216,886 1,200,811 2004 First quarter …………………………………………………………… Second quarter ……………………………………………………… Third quarter ………………………………………………………… Fourth quarter ………………………………………………………… 1,339 1,358 886 1,427 276,503 278,831 164,608 273,967 238,392 254,063 148,575 262,049 Total …………………………………………………………...…… 5,010 993,909 903,079 2005 First quarter …………………………………………………………… Second quarter ……………………………………………………... Third quarter ………………………………………………………… Fourth quarter ………………………………………………………… 1,142 1,203 1,136 1,400 186,506 246,099 201,878 250,178 185,486 212,673 190,186 246,188 Total ………………………………………………………………… 4,881 884,661 834,533 2006 First quarter …………………………………………………………… Second quarter ……………………………………………………… Third quarter ………………………………………………………… Fourth quarter ………………………………………………………… 963 1,353 929 1,640 183,089 295,964 160,254 296,662 193,510 264,927 161,764 330,954 Total ………………………………………………………………… 4,885 935,969 951,155 2007 First quarter …………………………………………………………… Second quarter ……………………………………………………… Third quarter ………………………………………………………… Fourth quarter ………………………………………………………… 1,110 1,421 1,018 1,814 225,600 278,719 160,024 301,592 199,250 259,234 173,077 347,151 Total ………………………………………………………………… 5,363 965,935 978,712 2008 First quarter …………………………………………………………… Second quarter ……………………………………………………… Third quarter ………………………………………………………… Fourth quarter ………………………………………………………… 1,340 1,756 1,581 3,582 230,098 354,713 290,453 641,714 259,292 339,630 304,340 766,780 Total ………………………………………………………………… 8,259 1,516,978 1,670,042 2009 First quarter …………………………………………………………… Second quarter ……………………………………………………… Third quarter …………………………………………………….…… Fourth quarter ………………………………………………………… 3,979 3,395 2,034 2,416 705,141 651,318 345,531 406,212 835,551 731,049 406,823 468,577 Total ………………………………………………………………… 11,824 2,108,202 2,442,000 2010 First quarter …………………………………………………………… Second quarter ……………………………………………………… Third quarter ………………………………………………………… Fourth quarter ………………………………………………………… 1,870 2,008 1,370 1,999 314,512 381,622 222,357 338,115 368,642 395,573 259,886 388,285 Total ………………………………………………………………… 7,247 1,256,606 1,412,386 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 4 Table 2. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2008–2010 Layoff events Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Separations Industry 2008 2009 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 8,259 11,824 7,247 1,516,978 2,108,202 1,256,606 1,670,042 2,442,000 1,412,386 55 Mining ………………………………………………………… 11 Utilities ………………………………………………………… Construction ………………………………………………… 1,724 Manufacturing ………………………………………………… 2,586 Food ………………………………………………………… 280 25 Beverage and tobacco products ………………………… 49 Textile mills ………………………………………………… 24 Textile product mills ……………………………………… Apparel …………………………………………………… 48 6 Leather and allied products ……………………………… 215 Wood products …………………………………………… 60 Paper ……………………………………………………… Printing and related support activities ………………… 43 24 Petroleum and coal products …………………………… 67 Chemicals ………………………………………………… 196 21 2,020 3,835 321 34 59 20 83 6 187 99 96 33 93 59 17 1,623 1,412 298 26 11 13 39 3 63 33 48 24 53 9,128 2,032 205,457 483,984 63,964 3,618 9,487 3,320 6,117 678 30,973 9,958 5,603 3,228 9,457 31,825 3,647 245,536 668,265 65,103 5,281 7,909 2,890 13,664 806 21,975 12,206 13,112 4,456 12,013 7,940 2,795 197,436 224,173 57,468 6,811 2,011 1,667 5,800 233 7,460 4,431 5,934 3,187 7,109 9,757 2,122 256,363 639,691 58,046 4,386 23,259 4,052 7,305 657 39,003 10,168 6,761 3,315 9,379 31,189 4,264 312,818 894,318 71,113 7,302 18,604 4,145 12,487 777 29,713 13,048 15,315 4,440 12,456 8,246 3,266 251,417 257,712 60,549 4,721 4,458 2,445 6,736 283 12,027 4,698 7,823 3,800 7,462 Plastics and rubber products …………………………… Nonmetallic mineral products …………………………… Primary metal ……………………………………………… Fabricated metal products ……………………………… Machinery ………………………………………………… Computer and electronic products ……………………… Electrical equipment and appliance …………………… Transportation equipment ……………………………… Furniture and related products ………………………… Miscellaneous manufacturing …………………………… 147 177 116 203 147 159 74 574 103 45 180 205 270 356 378 329 141 711 143 91 44 113 62 76 105 99 35 188 40 39 19,919 24,333 19,635 24,845 27,608 26,471 14,519 156,002 17,583 6,666 20,988 23,798 42,366 44,288 68,018 51,940 20,606 204,909 20,453 11,484 4,193 12,843 9,821 9,459 17,773 14,717 4,894 35,809 6,894 5,659 23,718 27,258 24,688 35,606 40,199 27,126 19,039 245,404 23,062 7,260 26,179 28,445 54,851 57,413 107,858 60,181 26,428 301,500 30,148 11,915 5,063 15,241 9,674 12,477 22,575 16,466 5,732 42,467 7,846 5,169 Wholesale trade ……………………………………………… Retail trade …………………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing …………………………… Information …………………………………………………… Finance and insurance ……………………………………… Real estate and rental and leasing ………………………… Professional and technical services ……………………… Management of companies and enterprises ……………… Administrative and waste services ………………………… Educational services ………………………………………… Health care and social assistance ………………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………………… Accommodation and food services ………………………… Other services, except public administration ……………… 190 482 489 204 405 51 257 30 671 43 319 178 458 102 339 768 655 315 478 95 448 54 1,082 77 393 254 644 148 149 479 486 220 251 68 298 30 747 87 384 228 564 145 25,257 121,551 102,242 38,048 92,783 6,385 67,400 4,611 140,972 5,504 44,230 52,142 101,642 12,769 46,431 176,139 131,785 54,243 98,449 12,538 87,501 9,098 246,023 10,915 53,861 57,874 154,147 19,660 17,274 122,576 95,564 54,081 47,888 10,035 58,797 5,338 150,042 11,817 48,501 48,590 134,814 18,945 25,089 129,146 98,541 39,329 86,072 7,540 51,115 4,802 150,952 5,623 36,250 21,996 91,979 13,178 47,345 188,676 130,817 73,425 101,695 13,373 81,328 11,578 280,301 11,368 51,137 39,239 149,165 19,699 17,319 152,959 105,099 76,222 53,291 9,575 63,189 4,815 172,897 13,284 49,243 34,023 120,411 19,418 Unclassified …………………………………………………… 4 2 841 265 497 265 244 672 403 816 69,329 152,387 87,373 185,873 97,486 132,620 112,572 188,236 1 Total, private nonfarm ........................................................ Selected industry groupings 2010 – – – 2 Clothing manufacturing and distribution …………………… Food processing and distribution …………………………… 210 841 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 See the technical note for descriptions of these industry groupings. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 5 55,440 186,581 81,167 177,470 Table 3. Over-the-year change in extended mass layoff separations by industry, private nonfarm sector, 2008–2009 and 2009–2010 2008–2009 2009–2010 Industry Level change Percent change Level change Percent change Total, private nonfarm1 ................................................... 591,224 39.0 -851,596 -40.4 Mining .......................................................................... Utilities ......................................................................... Construction ................................................................. Manufacturing .............................................................. Food ......................................................................... Beverage and tobacco products .............................. Textile mills .............................................................. Textile product mills ................................................. Apparel .................................................................... Leather and allied products ..................................... Wood products ......................................................... Paper ....................................................................... Printing and related support activities ...................... Petroleum and coal products ................................... Chemicals ................................................................ 22,697 1,615 40,079 184,281 1,139 1,663 -1,578 -430 7,547 128 -8,998 2,248 7,509 1,228 2,556 248.7 79.5 19.5 38.1 1.8 46.0 -16.6 -13.0 123.4 18.9 -29.1 22.6 134.0 38.0 27.0 -23,885 -852 -48,100 -444,092 -7,635 1,530 -5,898 -1,223 -7,864 -573 -14,515 -7,775 -7,178 -1,269 -4,904 -75.1 -23.4 -19.6 -66.5 -11.7 29.0 -74.6 -42.3 -57.6 -71.1 -66.1 -63.7 -54.7 -28.5 -40.8 Plastics and rubber products ................................... Nonmetallic mineral products .................................. Primary metal ........................................................... Fabricated metal products ....................................... Machinery ................................................................ Computer and electronic products ........................... Electrical equipment and appliance ......................... Transportation equipment ........................................ Furniture and related products ................................. Miscellaneous manufacturing .................................. 1,069 -535 22,731 19,443 40,410 25,469 6,087 48,907 2,870 4,818 5.4 -2.2 115.8 78.3 146.4 96.2 41.9 31.4 16.3 72.3 -16,795 -10,955 -32,545 -34,829 -50,245 -37,223 -15,712 -169,100 -13,559 -5,825 -80.0 -46.0 -76.8 -78.6 -73.9 -71.7 -76.2 -82.5 -66.3 -50.7 Wholesale trade ........................................................... Retail trade .................................................................. Transportation and warehousing ................................. Information ................................................................... Finance and insurance ................................................ Real estate and rental and leasing .............................. Professional and technical services ............................. Management of companies and enterprises ................ Administrative and waste services ............................... Educational services .................................................... Health care and social assistance ............................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ............................. Accommodation and food services .............................. Other services, except public administration ............... 21,174 54,588 29,543 16,195 5,666 6,153 20,101 4,487 105,051 5,411 9,631 5,732 52,505 6,891 83.8 44.9 28.9 42.6 6.1 96.4 29.8 97.3 74.5 98.3 21.8 11.0 51.7 54.0 -29,157 -53,563 -36,221 -162 -50,561 -2,503 -28,704 -3,760 -95,981 902 -5,360 -9,284 -19,333 -715 -62.8 -30.4 -27.5 -.3 -51.4 -20.0 -32.8 -41.3 -39.0 8.3 -10.0 -16.0 -12.5 -3.6 Unclassified ................................................................. -576 -68.5 -265 -100.0 18,044 33,486 26.0 22.0 -31,933 708 -36.5 .4 2 Selected industry groupings Clothing manufacturing and distribution ………………… Food processing and distribution ………………………… 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 See the technical note for descriptions of these industry groupings. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 6 Table 4. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest three-digit NAICS industries, 2009–2010 Industry NAICS code 2009 Events Separations 2010 Rank 1 Events Separations Rank1 Total, private nonfarm2 ...................................... … 11,824 2,108,202 … 7,247 1,256,606 … Total, 50 highest industries ......................................... … 10,940 1,985,176 … 6,769 1,194,228 … Administrative and support services …………………… Food services and drinking places ……………………… Heavy and civil engineering construction ……………… Specialty trade contractors ……………………………… Transit and ground passenger transportation ………… Professional and technical services …………………… Food manufacturing ……………………………………… General merchandise stores …………………………… Accommodation …………………………………………… Transportation equipment manufacturing ……………… 561 722 237 238 485 541 311 452 721 336 1,061 334 677 1,002 259 448 321 184 310 711 244,167 95,234 91,305 110,678 65,005 87,501 65,103 57,946 58,913 204,909 1 4 5 3 9 6 8 12 11 2 736 385 650 733 295 298 298 129 179 188 149,052 97,360 90,218 77,197 65,400 58,797 57,468 46,047 37,454 35,809 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Amusements, gambling, and recreation ……………… Social assistance ………………………………………… Motion picture and sound recording industries ………… Construction of buildings ………………………………… Credit intermediation and related activities …………… Food and beverage stores ……………………………… Machinery manufacturing ………………………………… Insurance carriers and related activities ……………… Building material and garden supply stores …………… Computer and electronic product manufacturing ……… 713 624 512 236 522 445 333 524 444 334 133 264 48 341 262 78 378 137 69 329 40,530 32,053 11,444 43,553 60,398 14,743 68,018 24,453 12,202 51,940 17 18 46 15 10 34 7 21 43 13 114 262 82 240 136 93 105 91 49 99 34,953 31,447 31,006 30,021 28,632 21,011 17,773 16,683 15,206 14,717 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Nonstore retailers ………………………………………… Performing arts and spectator sports …………………… Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing …………… Telecommunications ……………………………………… Educational services ……………………………………… Hospitals …………………………………………………… Primary metal manufacturing …………………………… Fabricated metal product manufacturing ……………… Membership associations and organizations ………… Clothing and clothing accessories stores ……………… 454 711 327 517 611 622 331 332 813 448 64 111 205 96 77 71 270 356 70 118 14,250 15,936 23,798 17,452 10,915 14,131 42,366 44,288 7,837 17,900 35 32 22 31 47 36 16 14 53 28 49 110 113 63 87 62 62 76 80 51 13,255 13,029 12,843 12,769 11,817 10,396 9,821 9,459 8,881 8,731 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Couriers and messengers ……………………………… Truck transportation ……………………………………… Merchant wholesalers, durable goods ………………… Rental and leasing services ……………………………… Wood product manufacturing …………………………… Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods …………… Chemical manufacturing ………………………………… Furniture and related product manufacturing ………… Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing ………… Publishing industries, except Internet ………………… 492 484 423 532 321 424 325 337 312 511 46 164 200 58 187 103 93 143 34 118 15,409 22,535 27,995 7,099 21,975 13,015 12,013 20,453 5,281 17,507 33 23 20 54 24 40 44 27 61 30 26 69 61 45 63 67 53 40 26 53 8,628 8,471 7,634 7,510 7,460 7,413 7,109 6,894 6,811 6,369 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Printing and related support activities ………………… Repair and maintenance ………………………………… Apparel manufacturing …………………………………… Miscellaneous manufacturing …………………………… Management of companies and enterprises …………… Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores ……… Mining, except oil and gas ……………………………… Electrical equipment and appliance mfg. ……………… Support activities for transportation …………………… Paper manufacturing …………………………………… 323 811 315 339 551 451 212 335 488 322 96 42 83 91 54 49 87 141 59 99 13,112 7,022 13,664 11,484 9,098 8,531 13,165 20,606 6,352 12,206 39 55 37 45 49 50 38 26 56 42 48 35 39 39 30 17 42 35 33 33 5,934 5,924 5,800 5,659 5,338 5,322 4,942 4,894 4,433 4,431 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 1 Industries are ranked by number of separations in 2010. 2 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 7 Table 5. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest six-digit NAICS industries, 2008–2010 Industry 2 NAICS code 2008 2009 Separations Rank1 Separations 2010 Rank1 Separations Rank1 Total, private nonfarm ......................................... … 1,516,978 … 2,108,202 … 1,256,606 … Total, 50 highest industries ........................................ … 817,364 … 1,107,001 … 787,653 … School and employee bus transportation ………………… Temporary help services …………………………………… Food service contractors …………………………………… Highway, street, and bridge construction ………………… Professional employer organizations ……………………… Motion picture and video production ……………………… Hotels and motels, except casino hotels ………………… Discount department stores ………………………………… Tax preparation services …………………………………… Fruit and vegetable canning ……………………………… 485410 561320 722310 237310 561330 512110 721110 452112 541213 311421 41,427 53,117 38,990 50,788 41,588 8,866 20,943 21,142 32,613 18,473 4 1 6 2 3 36 10 9 7 13 58,057 114,884 62,893 50,359 71,552 10,626 38,589 24,305 29,724 16,855 4 1 3 6 2 39 7 12 9 20 61,605 58,554 57,997 50,292 33,907 30,245 29,742 26,823 23,971 20,421 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Supermarkets and other grocery stores ………………… Child day care services ……………………………………… Nonresidential electrical contractors ……………………… Skiing facilities ……………………………………………… Full-service restaurants …………………………………… Commercial building construction ………………………… Home centers ………………………………………………… Commercial banking ………………………………………… Power and communication system construction ………… Nonresidential plumbing and HVAC contractors ………… 445110 624410 238212 713920 722110 236220 444110 522110 237130 238222 9,648 17,301 14,249 20,706 13,133 16,928 7,088 13,480 6,673 10,197 33 14 18 11 21 16 48 19 53 31 13,227 20,031 21,924 12,035 10,597 22,547 9,840 27,067 11,139 14,772 29 16 15 33 40 14 42 11 37 26 19,883 18,983 17,476 17,154 14,858 14,571 14,484 13,193 12,643 12,267 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Industrial building construction …………………………… Amusement and theme parks ……………………………… Oil and gas pipeline construction ………………………… Department stores, except discount ……………………… Telemarketing and other contact centers ………………… Limited-service restaurants ………………………………… Other heavy construction …………………………………… General medical and surgical hospitals …………………… Mail-order houses …………………………………………… Fresh and frozen seafood processing …………………… 236210 713110 237120 452111 561422 722211 237990 622110 454113 311712 12,765 12,009 12,859 20,059 8,837 2,840 7,393 12,535 12,040 7,659 24 27 23 12 37 111 44 25 26 42 15,954 19,481 16,308 24,151 13,770 4,906 7,406 13,913 12,017 8,820 22 17 21 13 28 86 59 27 34 49 12,253 11,799 11,568 11,360 11,358 10,489 10,287 10,158 9,726 9,507 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Couriers and express delivery services …………………… Payroll services ……………………………………………… Casino hotels ………………………………………………… Security guards and patrol services ……………………… Landscaping services ……………………………………… Warehouse clubs and supercenters ……………………… Nonresidential drywall contractors ………………………… Ready-mix concrete manufacturing ……………………… Direct health and medical insurance carriers …………… Wired telecommunications carriers ……………………… 492110 541214 721120 561612 561730 452910 238312 327320 524114 517110 15,232 6,569 12,957 4,041 7,706 2,572 9,123 10,495 2,455 7,112 17 54 22 92 41 120 34 30 124 46 15,237 9,678 19,424 6,115 8,318 7,076 12,564 8,767 4,980 11,170 24 43 18 73 54 64 31 51 85 36 8,628 8,482 7,587 7,581 7,482 7,161 6,852 6,833 6,806 6,653 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Other individual and family services ……………………… Video tape and disc rental ………………………………… Facilities support services ………………………………… Nonresidential site preparation contractors ……………… Direct life insurance carriers ……………………………… Convention and trade show organizers …………………… Iron and steel mills …………………………………………… Water and sewer system construction …………………… Snack and nonalcoholic beverage bars …………………… 624190 532230 561210 238912 524113 561920 331111 237110 722213 5,002 453 2,328 6,075 4,607 6,285 7,513 4,574 5,956 69 401 130 59 75 57 43 77 61 5,857 1,598 3,246 8,097 7,365 6,267 17,526 5,433 8,880 78 247 127 55 60 71 19 83 48 6,089 5,918 5,836 5,730 5,561 5,490 5,435 5,428 5,313 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 All other nonresidential trade contractors ………………… 238992 6,022 60 8,013 56 5,214 50 1 Industries are ranked by number of separations in 2010. 2 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 8 Table 6. Reason for layoff: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2008–2010 Layoff events Reason for layoff1 2008 2009 Separations 2010 2008 2009 Initial claimants for unemployment insurance 2010 2008 2009 2010 Total, private nonfarm, all reasons1 ............... 8,259 11,824 7,247 1,516,978 2,108,202 1,256,606 1,670,042 2,442,000 1,412,386 Business demand .................................................... 3,388 5,403 2,515 516,919 824,834 384,564 733,238 1,142,076 509,089 Contract cancellation ............................................ Contract completion ............................................. Domestic competition ........................................... Excess inventory/saturated market ...................... Import competition ................................................ Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal business slowdown ........................................ 141 946 7 40 54 250 1,210 12 84 22 148 1,146 8 13 7 24,261 133,905 1,416 8,111 9,679 39,104 212,535 1,200 15,942 3,192 23,861 193,450 2,231 2,055 1,199 25,776 177,084 2,191 7,835 10,467 46,701 274,123 1,620 32,904 3,007 24,989 262,846 2,458 3,359 1,006 2,200 3,825 1,193 339,547 552,861 161,768 509,885 783,721 214,431 Organizational changes .......................................... 517 573 397 123,355 120,233 79,784 120,199 136,646 80,192 Business-ownership change ................................ Reorganization or restructuring of company ........ 93 424 113 460 96 301 45,375 77,980 34,875 85,358 32,543 47,241 18,190 102,009 21,153 115,493 13,819 66,373 Financial issues ....................................................... 763 1,074 511 165,426 228,499 86,637 148,912 245,010 103,762 Bankruptcy ........................................................... Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ...... Financial difficulty ................................................. 136 352 275 178 615 281 60 291 160 40,553 53,781 71,092 69,323 92,666 66,510 15,157 39,577 31,903 24,813 64,731 59,368 55,667 133,786 55,557 9,055 66,594 28,113 Production specific .................................................. 107 62 54 27,181 12,866 7,830 25,519 10,876 8,459 Automation/technological advances ..................... Energy related ...................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention ................ Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ............ Material or supply shortage .................................. Model changeover ................................................ Plant or machine repair/maintenance .................. Product line discontinued ..................................... 12 10 21 19 15 3 16 11 5 9 744 1,002 1,246 ( 2) 18 7 ( 2) 4,854 1,584 ( 2) 2,971 1,335 ( 2) 3,227 1,138 ( 2) 2,079 1,281 ( 2) 5 8 16 ( 2) 4 9 4 ( 2) 1,195 1,201 2,595 ( 2) 795 1,073 385 2,059 4,847 2,480 6,205 3,940 933 2,830 2,225 956 ( 2) 15 7 1,703 1,308 5,505 9,134 3,446 617 3,351 2,117 ( 2) 1,065 1,239 2,312 ( 2) 1,214 1,878 346 Disaster/safety ........................................................ 58 19 24 9,165 3,985 3,202 8,442 2,446 3,225 Hazardous work environment .............................. Natural disaster (not weather related) .................. Nonnatural disaster .............................................. Extreme weather-related event ............................ ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 1,098 7,694 ( 2) 1,038 1,723 ( 2) 813 7,275 484 – 754 1,208 ( 2) ( 2) 10 11 545 – 697 2,743 ( 2) ( 2) 4 51 3 – 6 10 ( 2) 1,209 1,496 Seasonal ................................................................. 1,982 2,211 2,417 393,125 409,788 429,846 348,851 394,944 442,596 Seasonal .............................................................. Vacation period–school related or otherwise ....... 1,589 393 1,714 497 1,932 485 326,608 66,517 318,120 91,668 353,374 76,472 280,600 68,251 306,841 88,103 356,989 85,607 Other/miscellaneous ............................................... 1,444 2,482 1,329 281,807 507,997 264,743 284,881 510,002 265,063 Other .................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal ................................... Data not provided: Does not know ....................... 89 299 1,056 126 557 1,799 66 320 943 14,828 79,208 187,771 19,539 142,006 346,452 9,434 79,929 175,380 19,120 78,537 187,224 21,562 141,925 346,515 9,694 79,920 175,449 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 9 Table 7. Over-the-year change in separations by reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2008–20009 and 2009–2010 2008–2009 2009–2010 Reason for layoff Level change 1 Percent change Level change Percent change Total, private nonfarm, all reasons .................................... 591,224 39.0 -851,596 -40.4 Business demand .......................................................................... 307,915 59.6 -440,270 -53.4 Contract cancellation .................................................................. Contract completion ................................................................... Domestic competition ................................................................. Excess inventory/saturated market ............................................ Import competition ...................................................................... Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal business slowdown .............................................................. 14,843 78,630 -216 7,831 -6,487 61.2 58.7 -15.3 96.5 -67.0 -15,243 -19,085 1,031 -13,887 -1,993 -39.0 -9.0 85.9 -87.1 -62.4 213,314 62.8 -391,093 -70.7 Organizational changes ................................................................ -3,122 -2.5 -40,449 -33.6 Business-ownership change ...................................................... Reorganization or restructuring of company .............................. -10,500 7,378 -23.1 9.5 -2,332 -38,117 -6.7 -44.7 Financial issues ............................................................................. 63,073 38.1 -141,862 -62.1 Bankruptcy ................................................................................. Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ............................ Financial difficulty ....................................................................... 28,770 38,885 -4,582 70.9 72.3 -6.4 -54,166 -53,089 -34,607 -78.1 -57.3 -52.0 Production specific ........................................................................ -14,315 -52.7 -5,036 -39.1 Automation/technological advances ........................................... Energy related ............................................................................ Governmental regulations/intervention ...................................... Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .................................. Material or supply shortage ........................................................ Model changeover ...................................................................... Plant or machine repair/maintenance ........................................ Product line discontinued ........................................................... -959 -56.3 258 34.7 ( 2) -651 -7,550 ( 2) -11.8 -82.7 ( 2) -1,883 -249 ( 2) -38.8 -15.7 ( 2) 578 -2,150 478 ( 2) 93.7 -64.2 22.6 ( 2) -400 -128 -2,210 ( 2) -33.5 -10.7 -85.2 Disaster/safety .............................................................................. -5,180 -56.5 -783 -19.6 Hazardous work environment .................................................... Natural disaster (not weather related) ........................................ Nonnatural disaster .................................................................... Extreme weather-related event .................................................. ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 2 ( ) -401 -4,951 2 ( ) -36.5 -64.3 2 ( ) 341 -1,020 ( 2) 48.9 -37.2 Seasonal ....................................................................................... 16,663 4.2 20,058 4.9 Seasonal .................................................................................... Vacation period–school related or otherwise ............................. -8,488 25,151 -2.6 37.8 35,254 -15,196 11.1 -16.6 Other/miscellaneous ..................................................................... 226,190 80.3 -243,254 -47.9 Other .......................................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal ......................................................... Data not provided: Does not know ............................................. 4,711 62,798 158,681 31.8 79.3 84.5 -10,105 -62,077 -171,072 -51.7 -43.7 -49.4 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 10 Table 8. Number of separations in extended mass layoff events by State and by selected higher level category for layoff,1 private nonfarm sector, 2010 Separations State Business demand Total 2 Organizational changes Total, private nonfarm ........... 1,256,606 384,564 Alabama ............................................ Alaska ............................................... Arizona .............................................. Arkansas ........................................... California ........................................... Colorado ........................................... Connecticut ....................................... Delaware ........................................... District of Columbia ........................... Florida ............................................... Georgia ............................................. Hawaii ............................................... Idaho ................................................. 10,752 13,681 14,714 4,122 356,179 19,052 14,774 1,990 1,501 66,590 8,542 1,153 5,262 1,453 1,301 3,743 688 109,454 3,268 3,680 Illinois ................................................ Indiana .............................................. Iowa .................................................. Kansas .............................................. Kentucky ........................................... Louisiana .......................................... Maine ................................................ Maryland ........................................... Massachusetts .................................. Michigan ........................................... Minnesota ......................................... Mississippi ........................................ Missouri ............................................ 81,890 12,835 5,832 6,843 15,401 18,259 5,210 13,785 11,917 20,798 18,609 7,077 31,561 36,347 3,526 3,453 2,676 8,117 6,473 872 3,344 4,150 5,767 3,527 4,214 2,791 5,470 1,365 Montana ............................................ Nebraska .......................................... Nevada ............................................. New Hampshire ................................ New Jersey ....................................... New Mexico ...................................... New York .......................................... North Carolina ................................... North Dakota ..................................... Ohio .................................................. Oklahoma ......................................... Oregon .............................................. Pennsylvania .................................... 5,411 5,172 13,923 3,627 51,003 8,387 93,181 12,315 2,433 51,466 2,981 20,972 51,964 ( 3) 736 8,335 – 5,993 2,321 10,754 4,616 1,217 33,189 731 2,416 13,931 ( 3) – 1,918 – 5,728 – 1,813 1,965 Rhode Island ..................................... South Carolina .................................. South Dakota .................................... Tennessee ........................................ Texas ................................................ Utah .................................................. Vermont ............................................ Virginia .............................................. Washington ....................................... West Virginia ..................................... Wisconsin ......................................... Wyoming ........................................... Puerto Rico ....................................... 4,282 15,974 3 79,784 86,637 399 1,437 – 264 ( 3) 860 850 33,148 284 1,640 – ( 3) – 42,538 3,749 470 446 ( 3) 3,812 ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) 1,582 1,637 329 ( 3) 992 ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) 366 ( 3) 982 ( 3) ( 3) 1,983 741 893 334 ( 3) – 792 3,897 3 ( ) 16,297 29,620 9,352 2,794 17,946 15,947 4,313 44,284 ( ) 4,808 12,499 5,428 – 3,759 3,481 1,905 9,571 ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) 5,353 3,967 295 ( 3) – 3 ( ) 824 – 2,787 1 The higher level category "other/miscellaneous" is not displayed. 2 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 3 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 11 Financial issues ( 3) 30,253 1,628 2,195 – – 3,770 3,894 – – 3,191 ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) 1,299 ( 3) 1,174 2,519 670 1,001 2,072 952 – – – 892 4,369 Production specific 7,830 ( 3) – ( 3) – 1,714 ( 3) ( 3) – – 467 ( 3) – ( 3) 762 ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) – – – ( 3) ( 3) – – ( 3) – 973 – – ( 3) 6,399 3,843 – ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) – ( 3) ( 3) 1,130 3,693 ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) 3 ( ) 543 – 637 2,550 ( 3) – 1,573 1,397 – ( 3) – 411 – – – 216 3 ( ) – – – – – – – 339 Disaster/safety Seasonal 3,202 429,846 – – – – – – 600 – – – – – 1,173 11,946 5,053 841 57,619 12,315 3,515 1,105 1,259 13,726 ( 3) – – – ( 3) – ( 3) – – – – – – – ( 3) – – – – – – – – ( 3) – – ( 3) 790 – – 751 – – – 3 ( ) – – ( 3) – – ( 3) ( 3) 4,156 35,076 7,103 1,595 1,874 5,069 6,057 2,974 1,088 4,166 12,879 13,831 470 19,597 3,906 3,386 3,471 2,735 32,363 3,190 35,502 1,650 1,066 16,876 ( 3) 12,524 23,238 2,205 591 – 2,720 5,627 3,240 2,794 6,926 8,810 3 ( ) 27,187 3,810 ( 3) Table 9. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by major industry, private nonfarm sector, 2010 Layoff events Industry Work moved Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Separations Work not moved or unknown Work moved Work not moved or unknown Work moved Work not moved or unknown Total, private nonfarm1.................................................................. 229 4,601 39,104 787,656 41,235 928,555 Mining ....................................................................................... Utilities ...................................................................................... Construction .............................................................................. Manufacturing ........................................................................... Food ...................................................................................... Beverage and tobacco products ........................................... Textile mills ........................................................................... Textile product mills .............................................................. Apparel .................................................................................. Leather and allied products ................................................... Wood products ...................................................................... Paper .................................................................................... Printing and related support activities ................................... Petroleum and coal products ................................................ – – 33 14 1,057 977 99 15 10 10 30 – – 5,221 2,135 131,217 147,445 14,249 4,745 1,841 1,259 5,150 – – 4,542 2,425 170,482 172,082 16,065 1,783 4,016 1,900 5,601 Chemicals ............................................................................. Plastics and rubber products ................................................ Nonmetallic mineral products ................................................ Primary metal ........................................................................ Fabricated metal products .................................................... . 2 ( ) 123 17 Computer and electronic products ........................................ Electrical equipment and appliance ...................................... Transportation equipment ..................................................... Furniture and related products .............................................. Miscellaneous manufacturing ............................................... Wholesale trade ........................................................................ Retail trade ................................................................................ Transportation and warehousing .............................................. Information ................................................................................ Finance and insurance .............................................................. Real estate and rental and leasing ........................................... Professional and technical services .......................................... Management of companies and enterprises ............................. Administrative and waste services ............................................ Educational services ................................................................. Health care and social assistance ............................................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation ........................................... Accommodation and food services ........................................... Other services, except public administration ............................ Unclassified ............................................................................... 2 ( ) – 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) – 5 4 – 2 ( ) 56 24 36 ( 2) 8 9 43 31 67 58 66 77 84 27 171 34 29 ( 2) 4 8 16 14 7 13 4 6 11 19 9 11 20 2 ( ) 20,332 3,108 2 ( ) – 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) – 805 1,039 – 1,473 899 ( 2) 541 830 2,241 1,703 1,430 2,827 767 1,350 2 ( ) 6,898 3,228 4,288 ( 2) 5,516 2,852 7,222 9,280 8,379 13,885 12,961 3,220 32,013 5,919 3,352 1,554 3,278 1,280 2,086 4,787 ( 2) ( 2) 6 5 108 333 200 195 231 59 220 18 597 40 146 55 257 61 ( 2) ( 2) 617 541 12,543 86,930 40,579 50,607 43,101 8,935 31,150 3,301 124,470 6,478 20,168 6,837 58,559 7,980 – – – – ( 2) 3 4 11 – 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 12 ( 2) 654 1,090 1,893 – 2 ( ) 20,287 3,502 2 ( ) – 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) – 1,443 1,394 – 1,367 921 ( 2) 642 839 2,122 1,689 898 2,697 858 649 1,098 3,963 1,214 3,354 5,225 2 ( ) 10,703 2,624 4,784 ( 2) 5,902 3,598 7,924 9,032 11,366 17,501 14,511 4,575 38,715 6,768 3,372 ( 2) ( 2) 1,152 830 12,016 110,995 45,611 70,897 48,066 8,489 38,509 2,872 143,289 6,002 20,433 7,125 55,784 8,936 – – ( 2) 446 793 2,149 – Table 10. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2010 Layoff events Reason for layoff Work moved Total, private nonfarm1 ........................................ Business demand ......................................................... Contract cancellation ................................................. Contract completion ................................................... Domestic competition ................................................. Excess inventory/saturated market ............................ Import competition ..................................................... Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal business slowdown .............................................. Work not moved or unknown Work moved Work not moved or unknown Work moved Work not moved or unknown 229 4,601 39,104 787,656 41,235 928,555 49 2,466 9,898 374,666 11,052 498,037 2 ( ) 145 1,140 ( 2) 23,496 192,753 ( 2) 24,265 261,902 2 697 – ( ) 2 ( ) 988 33 1,160 Organizational changes ................................................ 105 Business-ownership change ...................................... Reorganization or restructuring of company .............. Financial issues ............................................................ 6 – 2 944 – ( ) 2 ( ) 908 6,920 154,848 7,548 206,883 292 18,602 61,182 17,869 62,323 14 91 82 210 3,522 15,080 29,021 32,161 2,900 14,969 10,919 51,404 68 443 9,334 77,303 11,460 92,302 2 ( ) 58 ( 2) 7,669 ( 2) 9,958 ( 2) 15,067 31,908 30,328 ( 2) 8,969 56,636 26,697 ( 2) 6,961 ( 2) 8,245 ( ) 12 2 ( ) 6 Bankruptcy ................................................................. Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ............ Financial difficulty ....................................................... ( 2) 59 233 151 Production specific ........................................................ ( 2) 52 Automation/technological advances .......................... Energy related ............................................................ Governmental regulations/intervention ...................... Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ................. Material or supply shortage ........................................ Model changeover ...................................................... Plant or machine repair/maintenance p ........................ Product line discontinued ........................................... Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Separations – – 9 ( 2) 17 7 ( 2) – – – – ( 2) 4 9 3 ( 2) 2 2 – – ( 2) – – – – ( 2) 2 ( ) 1,127 1,002 ( 2) 2,207 1,335 ( 2) 795 1,073 280 Disaster/safety .............................................................. ( ) 23 ( ) 3,132 Hazardous work environment .................................... Natural disaster (not weather related) ........................ Nonnatural disaster .................................................... Extreme weather-related event .................................. – – ( 2) – – ( 2) 2 – – ( 2) – – – – 2 ( ) 2,431 2 ( ) 1,246 ( 2) 1,952 1,281 ( 2) ( 2) 1,214 1,878 259 ( 2) 3,105 – – ( 2) ( 2) – ( ) 9 11 ( 2) – ( ) 968 1,723 ( 2) – ( 2) 1,089 1,496 Other/miscellaneous ..................................................... 4 1,325 331 264,412 520 264,543 Other .......................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal ........................................ Data not provided: Does not know ............................. 4 – – 62 320 943 331 – – 9,103 79,929 175,380 520 – – 9,174 79,920 175,449 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 13 2 2 Table 11. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by Census region and division, private nonfarm sector, 2010 Layoff events Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Separations Census region and division Work moved Work not moved or unknown Work moved Work not moved or unknown Work moved Work not moved or unknown United States1 ........................................................ 229 4,601 39,104 787,656 41,235 928,555 Northeast ......................................................................... 48 800 8,090 121,170 8,976 146,846 New England ................................................................ Middle Atlantic .............................................................. 25 23 118 682 4,507 3,583 19,708 101,462 4,124 4,852 18,129 128,717 South ................................................................................ 83 1,004 12,225 185,526 13,652 219,099 South Atlantic ............................................................... East South Central ....................................................... West South Central ...................................................... 41 27 15 588 182 234 5,604 3,973 2,648 109,832 36,122 39,572 7,110 4,276 2,266 129,686 33,903 55,510 Midwest ............................................................................ 50 801 11,172 130,231 8,719 145,500 East North Central ....................................................... West North Central ...................................................... 31 19 620 181 6,525 4,647 105,627 24,604 4,689 4,030 114,453 31,047 West ................................................................................. 48 1,996 7,617 350,729 9,888 417,110 Mountain ...................................................................... Pacific .......................................................................... 10 38 226 1,770 1,699 5,918 39,744 310,985 1,100 8,788 36,454 380,656 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. NOTE: The states (including the District of Columbia) that comprise the census divisions are as follows: New England—Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic—New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic—Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central—Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central—Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central—Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central—Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain—Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific—Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 14 Table 12. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period unemployment insurance benefit exhaustion rates by selected claimant characteristics, private nonfarm sector, 2010 Initial claims for unemployment insurance Characteristic Total, private nonfarm1 ……………………… Final payments for unemployment insurance Percentage of initial claimants receiving final payments Work moved Work not moved or unknown Work moved Work not moved or unknown Work moved Work not moved or unknown 41,235 928,555 12,906 194,072 31.3 20.9 7,497 13,114 11,177 9,382 65 214,908 316,245 225,425 165,583 6,394 2,169 4,024 3,516 3,168 29 44,260 64,544 45,746 39,042 480 28.9 30.7 31.5 33.8 44.6 20.6 20.4 20.3 23.6 7.5 21,072 19,890 273 587,140 338,963 2,452 6,150 6,633 123 112,302 81,241 529 29.2 33.3 45.1 19.1 24.0 21.6 21,752 8,706 4,928 185 1,873 3,791 484,374 142,426 189,688 7,517 33,834 70,716 6,498 3,333 1,512 62 564 937 91,758 38,094 39,713 1,661 7,840 15,006 29.9 38.3 30.7 33.5 30.1 24.7 18.9 26.7 20.9 22.1 23.2 21.2 Age Under 30 years of age …………………………… 30–44 …………………………………………….… 45–54 ……………………………………………… 55 years of age or over …………………………… Not available ……………………………………… Gender Male ………………………………………………… Female ……………………………………………… Not available ……………………………………… Race/ethnicity White ………………………………………………… Black ………………………………………………… Hispanic origin ……………………………………… American Indian or Alaska Native ……………… Asian or Pacific Islander ………………………… Not available ……………………………………… 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program Table 13. Extended mass layoff events and separations, selected measures, 2008–2010 Layoff events Action Separations 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 Total private nonfarm1………………………………………… 8,259 11,824 7,247 1,516,978 2,108,202 1,256,606 Total, excluding seasonal and vacation events2………… 6,277 9,613 4,830 1,123,853 1,698,414 826,760 Total, movement of work3 ……………………………… 332 351 229 60,956 61,694 39,104 Movement of work actions ………………………… 443 491 318 4 ( ) ( 4) ( 4) With separations reported ……………………… 319 317 201 35,076 32,228 18,622 With separations unknown …………………… 124 174 117 4 ( ) ( 4) ( 4) 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 The questions on movement of work were not asked of employers when the reason for layoff was either "seasonal work" or "vacation period." 3 Movement of work can involve more than one action. 4 Data are not available. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 15 Table 14. Movement of work actions by type of separation where number of separations is known by employers, 2008–2010 1 Separations Actions Activities 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 319 317 201 35,076 32,228 18,622 Out-of-country relocations ……………………………....... Within company …………………………………..……… Different company …………..................……………… 95 83 12 81 72 9 46 36 10 11,431 10,392 1,039 10,378 9,630 748 5,336 3,548 1,788 Domestic relocations ………......................……………… Within company …………………………………….…… Different company ……………………………….……… 223 200 23 234 206 28 155 137 18 23,370 20,943 2,427 21,555 18,184 3,371 13,286 11,128 2,158 1 2 – 275 295 Within company ………………............................………… Domestic ……………………..............................……… Out of country ……………….........................………… Unable to assign ………………………………………… 283 200 83 – 280 206 72 2 173 137 36 – 31,335 20,943 10,392 – 28,109 18,184 9,630 295 14,676 11,128 3,548 – Different company ……………………………………….... Domestic ………………………………………………… Out of country …………………………………………… Unable to assign ………………………………………… 36 23 12 1 37 28 9 – 28 18 10 – 3,741 2,427 1,039 275 4,119 3,371 748 – 3,946 2,158 1,788 – With separations reported2…………………………………. By location Unable to assign place of relocation ……………………… – By company 1 Only actions for which separations associated with the movement of work were reported are shown. 2 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program Table 15. Distribution of extended mass layoff events and separations by size of layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2008–2010 Layoff events Number of workers 2008 2009 Total, private nonfarm …… 8,259 50–99 ………………………… 100–149 ……………………… 150–199 ……………………… 200–299 ……………………… 300–499 ……………………… 500–999 ……………………… 1,000 or more ………………… 3,442 1,952 887 979 577 291 131 2 Separations 1 Number 1 Number Percent Percent 2010 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 11,824 7,247 100.0 100.0 100.0 1,516,978 2,108,202 1,256,606 100.0 100.0 100.0 5,141 2,688 1,315 1,332 782 377 189 3,280 1,612 797 728 467 247 116 41.7 23.6 10.7 11.9 7.0 3.5 1.6 43.5 22.7 11.1 11.3 6.6 3.2 1.6 45.3 22.2 11.0 10.0 6.4 3.4 1.6 244,352 229,536 148,852 227,603 211,519 194,373 260,743 364,793 315,984 219,986 311,322 286,340 250,354 359,423 229,536 188,650 134,026 169,715 172,286 168,248 194,145 16.1 15.1 9.8 15.0 13.9 12.8 17.2 17.3 15.0 10.4 14.8 13.6 11.9 17.0 18.3 15.0 10.7 13.5 13.7 13.4 15.4 1 Due to rounding, sums of individual percentages may not equal 100.0 percent. 2 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 16 Table 16. Average number of separations in extended mass layoff events by selected measures, private nonfarm sector, 2002–2010 Average number of separations Measure Total, private nonfarm 1 ...................................................... 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 201 197 198 181 192 180 184 178 173 Industry Mining ………………………………………………………………… Utilities ………………………………………………………………… Construction …………………………………………………………… Manufacturing ………………………………………………………… Wholesale trade ……………………………………………………… Retail trade …………………………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing …………………………………… Information …………………………………………………………… 149 178 140 191 161 329 243 196 158 135 140 183 181 308 250 259 153 228 137 173 169 418 213 215 134 140 127 173 131 237 225 202 173 154 119 200 166 320 223 168 138 131 114 177 132 415 212 144 166 185 119 187 133 252 209 187 162 174 122 174 137 229 201 172 135 164 122 159 116 256 197 246 Finance and insurance ……………………………………………… Real estate and rental and leasing ………………………………… Professional and technical services ………………………………… Management of companies and enterprises ……………………… Administrative and waste services ………………………………… Educational services ………………………………………………… Health care and social assistance ………………………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………………………… Accommodation and food services ………………………………… Other services, except public administration ……………………… Unclassified establishments ………………………………………… 193 173 224 248 221 114 136 372 206 159 163 193 166 194 195 222 182 137 275 215 132 161 216 299 220 176 208 89 156 273 219 169 125 172 140 268 156 185 238 140 386 210 145 200 193 102 286 143 192 102 130 331 235 132 – 177 137 288 146 162 130 155 325 211 141 212 229 125 262 154 210 128 139 293 222 125 210 206 132 195 168 227 142 137 228 239 133 133 191 148 197 178 201 136 126 213 239 131 – 172 190 180 168 297 170 181 166 220 154 161 168 144 152 138 ( 2) ( 2) 207 ( 2) ( 2) 214 ( 2) ( 2) 158 ( 2) ( 2) 198 ( 2) ( 2) 163 131 153 120 118 195 159 153 172 142 202 203 179 153 156 176 100 190 145 153 161 169 279 158 171 Reason for layoff Business demand ........................................................................ Contract cancellation ................................................................ Contract completion .................................................................. Domestic competition ................................................................ Excess inventory/saturated market ........................................... Import competition .................................................................... Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal business slowdown ............................................................. 163 143 132 131 152 137 154 145 136 Organizational changes ............................................................... Business-ownership change ..................................................... Reorganization or restructuring of company ............................. 204 230 198 209 271 198 200 238 191 188 222 179 251 336 229 313 722 173 239 488 184 210 309 186 201 339 157 Financial issues ........................................................................... Bankruptcy ................................................................................ Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ........................... Financial difficulty ...................................................................... 270 359 261 341 205 224 207 238 228 283 2 ( ) 226 2 ( ) 217 2 ( ) 197 2 ( ) 187 2 ( ) 209 223 267 196 232 217 298 153 259 213 389 151 237 170 253 136 199 Production specific ....................................................................... Automation/technological advances ......................................... Energy related ........................................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention ..................................... Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ................................ Material or supply shortage ....................................................... Model changeover .................................................................... Plant or machine repair/maintenance ....................................... Product line discontinued .......................................................... 163 171 353 308 203 172 425 220 – 237 181 246 321 134 150 ( 2) 192 159 283 157 123 ( 2) 861 121 368 138 177 ( 2) 966 77 269 148 204 ( 2) 344 138 362 133 186 ( 2) 629 149 475 183 269 234 231 392 188 274 89 723 185 177 254 142 131 262 481 230 206 209 192 208 149 110 324 226 117 239 150 162 145 111 53 165 191 108 199 119 96 Disaster/safety ............................................................................. Hazardous work environment ................................................... Natural disaster (not weather related) ....................................... Nonnatural disaster ................................................................... Extreme weather-related event ................................................. 131 239 135 139 120 175 209 252 168 162 134 459 138 130 123 155 255 254 165 154 123 172 168 309 95 106 120 202 95 94 158 120 127 275 151 210 182 – 116 274 133 107 228 104 157 Seasonal ...................................................................................... Seasonal ................................................................................... Vacation period–school related or otherwise ............................ 211 212 178 201 202 193 197 199 160 195 197 156 206 209 157 194 196 184 198 206 169 185 186 184 178 183 158 Other/miscellaneous .................................................................... Other ......................................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal ....................................................... Data not provided: Does not know ............................................ 214 187 276 190 201 175 218 174 213 218 227 178 208 178 238 184 213 195 244 177 167 163 186 158 195 167 265 178 205 155 255 193 199 143 250 186 Domestic relocation ..................................................................... Overseas relocation ..................................................................... 195 251 161 213 ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) ( 3) 259 189 213 229 183 201 214 181 222 192 178 187 248 185 200 212 180 167 240 179 186 216 172 175 198 162 181 Other selected measures Worksite closures …………………………………………………… Recall expected ……………………………………………………… No recall expected …………………………………………………… 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data. 3 Beginning with data for 2004, these reasons for layoff are no longer used. For additional information, see the technical note. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 17 Table 17. State and selected claimant characteristics: extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2009–2010 Layoff events State Percent of total Total initial claimants for unemployment insurance Hispanic origin Black Women People age 55 and older 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 Total, private nonfarm ......... 11,824 7,247 2,442,000 1,412,386 13.7 15.1 16.3 19.6 35.7 40.2 18.9 20.0 1 Alabama ...................................... Alaska ......................................... Arizona ........................................ Arkansas ..................................... California ..................................... Colorado ...................................... Connecticut ................................. Delaware ..................................... District of Columbia ..................... Florida ......................................... Georgia ....................................... Hawaii ......................................... Idaho ........................................... 79 46 129 49 2,944 129 84 25 12 629 136 34 54 47 48 73 31 1,984 73 64 15 12 264 76 10 31 24,501 10,653 21,441 9,845 568,650 17,772 14,246 3,426 1,464 133,430 39,458 4,216 8,831 12,741 11,055 12,844 7,169 430,859 9,806 11,611 1,717 1,501 64,522 14,096 1,143 3,986 42.8 4.8 5.6 28.6 8.8 4.9 13.9 23.2 57.1 16.4 43.0 1.7 .3 50.1 6.8 8.3 23.0 8.8 5.1 16.6 38.1 69.4 18.1 51.7 1.7 .1 2.4 13.3 38.8 4.8 35.8 22.0 14.4 3.8 12.5 28.1 4.7 11.1 10.9 1.9 15.4 37.3 3.9 36.0 25.8 13.5 9.1 7.2 29.3 3.9 7.3 9.9 42.2 29.2 44.3 38.8 39.0 32.7 48.4 32.9 49.5 40.5 43.6 31.7 34.6 50.8 30.0 49.6 45.4 40.4 40.7 49.8 45.2 60.5 44.2 49.3 37.2 35.0 15.1 23.1 16.7 16.9 15.9 18.9 23.8 21.0 18.6 19.5 17.0 14.3 18.6 16.1 24.0 16.7 19.8 16.6 19.1 23.2 27.7 20.9 20.7 19.3 23.5 20.5 Illinois .......................................... Indiana ........................................ Iowa ............................................. Kansas ........................................ Kentucky ..................................... Louisiana ..................................... Maine .......................................... Maryland ..................................... Massachusetts ............................ Michigan ...................................... Minnesota .................................... Mississippi ................................... Missouri ....................................... 745 277 87 89 198 128 33 84 133 442 274 54 245 460 114 33 49 92 89 31 79 82 162 128 41 156 159,241 54,396 24,057 25,611 33,871 19,124 5,572 10,217 23,113 164,130 44,512 5,241 43,484 86,384 20,314 8,545 8,996 11,500 14,075 4,576 11,277 11,827 23,269 18,515 4,979 23,823 15.9 7.4 2.6 9.1 5.5 52.0 1.4 41.9 9.4 20.0 4.3 63.1 16.0 17.9 11.9 2.9 10.6 11.0 55.4 2.1 47.4 12.1 12.2 5.5 60.5 18.8 13.3 2.6 2.0 5.8 .3 3.2 .3 3.1 1.5 3.1 4.8 1.6 1.0 15.5 2.9 5.5 5.7 .1 4.0 .3 2.3 1.7 5.8 7.0 2.3 1.4 33.2 29.4 26.2 30.7 17.1 37.4 29.6 41.9 46.4 29.3 25.1 40.6 42.3 37.3 28.9 36.4 43.3 29.8 46.0 42.4 44.6 44.2 39.6 22.2 40.5 48.6 17.9 18.9 18.9 17.1 16.4 20.1 23.0 20.8 23.4 18.0 19.6 18.3 23.5 17.9 19.7 22.1 21.9 18.6 17.6 23.6 23.0 23.7 19.1 20.0 16.4 26.4 Montana ...................................... Nebraska ..................................... Nevada ........................................ New Hampshire ........................... New Jersey ................................. New Mexico ................................. New York ..................................... North Carolina ............................. North Dakota ............................... Ohio ............................................. Oklahoma .................................... Oregon ........................................ Pennsylvania ............................... 35 24 195 26 340 65 695 206 31 562 64 189 769 31 24 80 18 224 45 642 126 21 318 13 94 444 4,441 3,399 44,547 3,957 60,114 9,168 130,062 62,723 4,942 135,786 11,927 46,505 160,337 3,336 2,827 16,845 2,789 44,874 6,000 118,151 32,395 3,005 54,566 3,156 22,378 85,827 .1 2.3 8.4 .7 20.3 2.1 13.9 39.3 1.5 11.3 9.6 1.6 5.3 .4 7.1 8.6 .7 20.4 2.5 15.8 46.0 1.4 11.7 14.2 1.7 8.6 3.1 7.7 31.1 3.0 8.9 44.5 12.6 6.3 2.0 3.3 6.9 16.1 3.2 3.4 5.7 28.0 1.5 8.0 45.1 15.9 7.8 2.6 3.2 4.3 20.4 3.6 22.1 38.0 34.0 41.7 52.9 33.1 42.0 42.3 16.7 27.6 24.5 37.8 29.9 30.8 44.7 35.3 51.1 55.3 36.1 41.2 43.7 15.6 30.6 44.2 45.9 37.0 22.5 28.8 18.1 25.7 25.9 17.4 23.2 16.9 18.0 21.9 16.2 20.4 24.8 26.2 28.8 19.8 30.9 28.3 19.1 25.2 16.4 21.6 21.8 15.0 21.9 26.7 Rhode Island ............................... South Carolina ............................ South Dakota .............................. Tennessee .................................. Texas .......................................... Utah ............................................. Vermont ....................................... Virginia ........................................ Washington ................................. West Virginia ............................... Wisconsin .................................... Wyoming ..................................... 30 136 9 175 308 63 35 106 219 49 344 10 25 87 4,126 16,608 ( ) 2,898 23,029 869 32,130 65,393 11,412 5,560 22,909 45,204 6,768 76,089 1,329 ( ) 4.5 50.9 4.3 22.1 16.1 1.4 .6 38.3 5.7 .2 6.2 1.8 3.4 60.4 4.8 28.7 17.7 .7 .6 40.5 5.8 .1 8.1 1.3 17.1 1.2 2.3 – 40.1 12.0 .3 3.8 12.7 .1 6.3 7.0 16.2 1.5 12.4 .1 43.7 11.2 .4 4.6 17.4 .1 8.4 6.8 55.3 45.9 28.4 39.2 28.4 29.1 33.2 42.3 37.3 16.9 30.5 25.6 70.0 49.6 69.7 47.5 33.4 23.1 45.6 43.8 35.5 12.9 36.9 35.6 30.1 10.5 18.5 21.8 14.6 12.7 25.2 20.2 15.8 16.2 20.0 15.9 34.9 11.5 16.6 25.6 14.6 16.8 24.7 21.8 16.4 13.8 21.8 20.3 Puerto Rico ................................. 51 48 11,201 14,153 .1 .1 99.3 99.4 52.2 51.8 10.7 7.4 1 2 ( ) 95 180 39 15 109 139 21 205 2 2 ( ) 19,020 43,421 6,482 2,216 21,838 24,967 3,347 41,784 2 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. NOTE: Dash represents zero. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 18 Table 18. Claimant race and ethnicity: percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2009–2010 Percent of total race/ethnicity1 Measure White 2009 Total, private nonfarm2 .................................................... Hispanic origin Black 2010 2009 2010 2009 American Indian or Alaska Native 2010 Asian or Pacific Islander 2009 2010 2009 2010 57.9 54.1 13.7 15.1 16.3 19.6 .7 .8 3.7 3.5 Mining ………………………………………………………………… Utilities ………………………………………………………………… Construction ………………………………………………………… Manufacturing ……………………………………………………… Wholesale trade ……………………………………………………… Retail trade …………………………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing ………………………………… Information …………………………………………………………… 65.3 85.2 63.4 66.9 57.2 50.8 51.8 58.8 74.0 78.0 67.1 55.4 48.1 48.5 50.2 65.4 4.5 5.7 5.7 12.5 12.6 16.9 20.4 13.4 2.9 7.5 5.9 13.6 11.2 18.7 23.0 10.8 16.7 4.1 23.1 9.5 18.2 19.2 17.0 11.9 9.3 8.5 20.4 18.5 28.2 21.3 17.4 10.9 2.7 .5 1.3 .5 .6 .7 .6 .5 4.5 .5 1.2 .6 .4 .8 .5 .6 .8 2.1 1.3 3.6 4.3 3.2 2.7 5.3 1.3 2.0 .9 5.7 4.4 3.0 2.4 3.9 Finance and insurance ……………………………………………… Real estate and rental and leasing ………………………………… Professional and technical services ……………………………… Management of companies and enterprises ……………………… Administrative and waste services ………………………………… Educational services ………………………………………………… Health care and social assistance ………………………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation ……………………………… Accommodation and food services ………………………………… Other services, except public administration …………………… Unclassified establishments ……………………………………… 48.3 49.9 57.5 59.0 44.8 46.1 41.3 58.4 45.2 44.3 64.2 45.5 58.3 59.9 58.3 43.8 42.4 40.0 62.2 48.9 39.7 – 15.1 12.2 13.8 20.3 17.9 21.6 21.6 12.0 17.2 23.8 9.4 17.1 10.9 11.7 15.9 20.1 22.2 22.6 13.0 19.4 28.4 – 16.2 21.1 13.8 8.9 25.0 17.2 23.8 17.4 22.1 17.8 12.8 18.9 16.8 14.4 14.1 25.1 21.6 25.7 14.6 20.0 19.8 – .4 .7 .6 .4 .8 .4 .9 .7 .8 1.3 1.1 .5 .8 .6 .4 .7 .7 .9 .5 .7 1.3 – 8.3 5.4 5.7 4.1 3.3 4.7 3.7 2.3 6.3 3.1 3.4 7.3 2.8 5.0 7.5 3.1 3.8 2.8 2.2 4.0 2.8 – Business demand ...................................................................... Contract cancellation .............................................................. Contract completion ................................................................ Domestic competition .............................................................. Excess inventory/saturated market ......................................... Import competition .................................................................. Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasona business slowdown ........................................................... 61.7 50.8 55.8 63.8 79.2 56.3 57.6 46.3 59.0 72.5 58.2 71.7 12.3 18.7 11.1 8.2 10.4 29.1 12.5 22.6 10.9 12.9 17.4 13.2 15.4 17.4 23.9 1.5 3.4 6.1 19.6 18.5 20.8 8.7 16.5 1.7 .8 .9 1.1 .2 .6 .4 .9 .7 1.1 .3 .4 .1 2.9 4.7 2.0 .4 1.5 1.9 3.0 3.8 2.4 2.1 .9 5.2 63.7 57.0 12.4 13.2 12.9 18.5 .7 .6 3.2 3.6 Organizational changes ............................................................. Business-ownership change ................................................... Reorganization or restructuring of company ........................... 57.0 48.3 58.6 49.8 49.3 49.9 16.0 13.2 16.5 17.4 14.0 18.1 11.7 19.1 10.4 18.8 22.7 18.0 .4 .5 .4 .6 .6 .5 5.0 6.7 4.6 5.3 4.6 5.4 Financial issues ......................................................................... Bankruptcy .............................................................................. Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ......................... Financial difficulty .................................................................... 54.8 61.5 52.1 54.7 47.4 60.5 47.3 43.4 17.9 20.1 18.7 13.7 20.1 12.5 22.3 17.4 13.0 9.2 13.2 16.4 17.8 14.2 17.5 19.6 .6 .4 .7 .6 .7 .6 .8 .6 5.4 2.4 6.4 5.7 5.0 2.7 5.1 5.5 Production specific ..................................................................... Automation/technological advances ....................................... Energy related ......................................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention ................................... Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .............................. Material or supply shortage ..................................................... Model changeover .................................................................. Plant or machine repair/maintenance ..................................... Product line discontinued ........................................................ 49.4 46.2 94.5 52.2 65.0 30.3 48.2 77.0 29.5 55.2 58.3 88.7 51.1 58.1 91.5 52.2 48.9 59.5 14.1 29.4 – 19.8 9.0 3.0 2.1 8.1 15.7 16.6 9.6 3.0 35.1 8.7 2.4 11.6 14.2 6.9 17.2 6.7 1.8 16.3 13.8 50.3 46.6 5.5 6.1 14.6 13.2 .6 7.7 10.8 .8 22.9 21.5 26.6 .4 .2 2.7 .3 .1 1.2 .2 .6 .1 1.3 .8 .6 .2 .5 .4 .6 4.0 – 4.0 5.8 – 4.3 4.5 6.3 1.5 4.0 3.3 2.7 3.9 – 1.9 1.2 – 5.3 2.2 4.6 Disaster/safety ........................................................................... Hazardous work environment ................................................. Natural disaster (not weather related) ..................................... Nonnatural disaster ................................................................. Extreme weather-related event ............................................... 38.6 18.8 – 27.3 53.6 69.5 63.1 26.2 77.3 71.6 16.9 .6 – 39.4 9.4 14.4 – 67.1 13.8 8.7 16.4 – – 19.6 21.0 5.6 6.3 2.8 4.5 6.7 .7 – – .5 1.2 .5 1.1 .4 .7 .3 1.6 – – 4.5 .3 3.2 .4 2.0 .7 5.9 Seasonal .................................................................................... Seasonal ................................................................................. Vacation period–school related or otherwise .......................... 60.7 62.1 55.8 58.4 59.4 53.9 13.8 11.2 22.6 14.1 12.5 21.2 16.8 17.8 13.3 18.7 18.9 17.6 .8 .8 .8 .7 .7 .8 2.6 2.9 1.6 3.0 3.3 1.5 Other/miscellaneous .................................................................. Other ....................................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal ..................................................... Data not provided: Does not know .......................................... 49.3 49.6 45.3 50.9 44.1 51.7 41.4 44.9 14.1 13.5 15.3 13.7 19.1 9.1 22.4 18.2 20.6 16.3 23.9 19.6 22.6 19.8 23.2 22.5 .8 .9 .7 .7 .7 2.1 .7 .6 4.9 5.8 4.4 5.1 4.1 3.2 4.0 4.2 Industry Reason for layoff 1 Due to some nonreporting, sums of percentages within age and gender may not equal 100.0 percent. 2 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 19 Table 19. Claimant age and gender: percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2009–2010 Percent of total by age1 Measure Less than 30 years 30–44 Percent of total by gender1 45–54 55 or older Men Women 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 2009 2010 19.7 21.8 34.2 32.8 26.6 24.8 18.9 20.0 63.4 59.5 35.7 40.2 Mining …………………………………………………… Utilities …………………………………………………… Construction …………………………………………… Manufacturing ………………………………………… Wholesale trade ………………………………………… Retail trade ……………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing …………………… Information ……………………………………………… Finance and insurance ………………………………… 25.5 14.0 19.5 11.5 16.4 42.8 14.8 16.9 21.5 14.8 13.8 17.3 12.3 16.0 42.1 12.3 16.6 24.5 35.2 34.4 40.0 34.4 35.4 26.0 31.9 37.8 38.6 33.9 32.9 40.1 30.9 33.5 26.3 28.8 40.1 36.0 23.6 30.5 26.9 31.8 27.5 16.7 27.0 26.1 22.4 28.7 25.4 28.1 30.5 28.4 16.6 26.6 24.9 21.0 15.5 20.9 13.4 21.4 19.9 14.3 25.9 19.0 17.1 22.4 27.6 14.3 24.8 21.5 14.9 32.0 18.1 18.3 90.5 82.7 93.5 70.4 61.9 44.7 56.2 58.8 39.0 91.7 80.6 94.4 66.4 58.9 43.8 49.5 62.2 36.9 6.8 17.3 6.0 28.4 37.7 54.9 43.1 40.9 60.8 6.6 19.2 5.4 33.3 40.6 56.0 50.3 37.7 62.9 Real estate and rental and leasing …………………… Professional and technical services ………………… Management of companies and enterprises ………… Administrative and waste services …………………… Educational services …………………………………… Health care and social assistance …………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………… Accommodation and food services ………………… Other services, except public administration ……… Unclassified establishments ………………………… 26.6 19.2 13.1 29.1 21.5 18.7 32.2 24.1 21.7 6.8 40.9 18.1 14.6 29.8 23.2 19.9 31.6 25.1 21.2 – 34.4 32.8 30.5 34.5 32.9 36.9 25.8 30.3 33.9 27.2 32.7 31.1 32.9 33.6 34.5 36.5 24.9 27.7 33.3 – 22.0 22.0 27.4 21.7 22.5 24.6 18.4 25.4 24.3 32.1 15.7 21.8 27.7 21.6 20.6 24.2 18.3 25.1 23.8 – 16.8 25.8 29.0 14.1 22.9 19.3 23.3 19.9 18.5 34.0 10.5 28.8 24.8 14.7 21.6 19.4 25.0 21.3 20.1 – 62.7 47.5 46.8 59.6 32.2 16.8 54.3 41.9 46.4 79.6 57.5 46.9 52.6 59.6 31.9 15.1 56.6 38.2 39.9 – 37.1 52.2 52.2 39.5 67.7 82.9 45.2 57.5 51.4 20.4 42.3 52.8 47.2 39.9 68.0 84.7 43.3 61.7 59.8 – Business demand .................................................... Contract cancellation ............................................ Contract completion .............................................. Domestic competition ........................................... Excess inventory/saturated market ....................... Import competition ................................................ Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasona business slowdown ......................................... 18.1 23.7 21.6 25.7 14.6 8.8 20.2 21.3 20.8 33.1 23.6 15.2 35.6 33.5 37.5 34.3 32.3 29.7 36.2 29.7 38.1 32.6 28.8 32.7 27.6 24.8 25.3 25.0 26.3 29.1 25.9 24.8 25.4 18.9 23.5 26.1 18.0 17.9 15.2 14.9 21.9 25.8 17.5 22.4 15.5 15.3 24.0 25.9 71.9 57.9 78.5 55.9 77.1 56.2 71.9 56.7 77.7 61.2 65.8 50.9 27.3 41.4 20.8 21.0 22.6 43.3 27.8 42.7 21.9 38.6 34.2 49.1 16.7 19.1 35.3 34.7 28.7 26.7 18.8 19.2 70.3 66.9 28.9 32.9 Organizational changes ........................................... Business-ownership change ................................. Reorganization or restructuring of company ......... 15.3 16.1 15.2 25.2 22.7 25.8 36.4 37.4 36.2 31.6 34.2 31.0 28.7 27.9 28.8 23.4 23.7 23.3 19.4 18.3 19.6 19.5 19.0 19.6 57.2 52.0 58.1 48.5 45.1 49.2 42.0 47.5 41.0 51.1 54.2 50.4 Financial issues ....................................................... Bankruptcy ............................................................ Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ....... Financial difficulty ................................................. 21.0 19.1 20.5 24.2 24.8 34.7 26.4 17.8 33.6 33.4 34.4 31.8 31.8 28.5 31.6 33.2 26.2 27.8 25.7 25.5 23.7 19.6 22.9 27.1 19.1 19.6 19.2 18.1 19.4 16.8 18.9 21.7 56.2 63.0 54.0 54.5 51.8 53.8 50.2 54.9 43.3 35.4 45.9 45.2 48.0 45.9 49.5 45.0 Production specific ................................................... Automation/technological advances ..................... Energy related ...................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention ................. Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ............ Material or supply shortage .................................. Model changeover ................................................ Plant or machine repair/maintenance ................... Product line discontinued ...................................... 15.2 15.6 40.9 21.6 14.9 19.9 8.2 14.3 7.2 26.1 19.1 10.7 21.9 9.4 21.5 63.3 28.0 8.7 34.9 34.9 40.0 35.7 35.8 32.2 39.1 33.4 33.1 32.4 29.9 26.2 35.3 33.9 37.7 21.6 37.6 28.0 28.2 27.5 13.6 23.1 32.2 25.8 31.7 26.8 34.2 23.6 22.8 39.9 24.4 34.1 28.7 8.6 21.7 35.5 21.4 21.7 5.5 19.4 17.0 22.1 20.9 25.5 24.9 17.7 27.9 23.2 18.4 22.1 12.1 6.3 12.7 27.7 50.7 42.8 98.2 38.7 76.1 50.1 47.3 79.9 42.3 57.4 50.5 95.8 37.6 79.8 68.4 43.2 71.7 63.0 39.6 48.3 1.8 59.7 23.9 49.9 52.6 19.9 18.3 42.1 46.6 4.2 62.4 20.2 31.6 56.5 28.1 37.0 Disaster/safety ......................................................... Hazardous work environment ............................... Natural disaster (not weather related) .................. Nonnatural disaster ............................................... Extreme weather-related event ............................. 18.2 22.1 – 23.7 13.2 20.9 26.5 15.1 17.3 23.7 34.8 38.2 – 35.0 33.4 31.5 40.7 35.3 32.5 28.5 26.0 20.7 – 27.6 27.2 25.9 18.7 31.3 31.2 22.1 17.0 19.0 – 13.5 18.4 21.7 14.2 18.3 19.0 25.7 64.6 19.4 – 61.8 84.4 72.5 85.1 89.7 87.5 55.1 16.0 – – 38.2 8.5 27.5 14.9 10.3 12.5 44.9 Seasonal .................................................................. Seasonal ............................................................... Vacation period–school related or otherwise ........ 18.8 20.8 11.8 19.4 21.3 11.9 31.0 31.6 28.9 30.4 30.9 28.3 26.2 25.9 27.2 25.7 25.3 27.2 23.8 21.6 31.5 24.3 22.4 32.4 52.8 60.9 24.7 52.4 58.8 26.1 46.6 38.5 74.8 47.4 41.0 73.9 Other/miscellaneous ................................................ Other ..................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal ................................... Data not provided: Does not know ........................ 24.7 22.3 31.7 22.0 26.8 25.6 31.5 24.6 33.3 34.3 31.9 33.9 31.4 35.4 29.7 32.0 24.1 24.7 21.3 25.3 22.1 22.1 20.1 23.0 16.9 16.6 14.5 17.8 18.1 15.4 15.8 19.3 58.1 61.1 57.2 58.2 53.7 62.6 50.6 54.6 40.9 38.1 42.4 40.5 46.2 37.1 49.3 45.2 Total, private nonfarm2 .................................. Industry Reason for layoff 1 Due to some nonreporting, sums of percentages within age and gender may not equal 100.0 percent. 2 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 20 Table 20. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by state, private nonfarm sector, 2010 Continued claims without earnings1 State Total, private nonfarm2……………………………………… Initial claims for unemployment insurance Number Average number filed per initial claimant Final payments for unemployment insurance1 Number Percentage of initial claimants receiving final payments 1,412,386 2,891,061 2.0 267,793 19.0 Alabama ……………………………………………………………… Alaska ………………………………………………………………… Arizona ……………………………………………………………… Arkansas ……………………………………………………………… California ……………………………………………………………… Colorado ……………………………………………………………… Connecticut …………………………………………………………… Delaware ……………………………………………………………… District of Columbia ………………………………………………… Florida ………………………………………………………………… Georgia ……………………………………………………………… Hawaii ………………………………………………………………… Idaho ………………………………………………………………… 12,741 11,055 12,844 7,169 430,859 9,806 11,611 1,717 1,501 64,522 14,096 1,143 3,986 29,061 20,364 28,264 16,306 791,634 30,846 35,132 2,768 5,034 175,612 27,128 2,821 6,107 2.3 1.8 2.2 2.3 1.8 3.1 3.0 1.6 3.4 2.7 1.9 2.5 1.5 2,458 2,305 3,102 1,834 80,654 465 3,135 128 222 23,252 4,637 230 853 19.3 20.9 24.2 25.6 18.7 4.7 27.0 7.5 14.8 36.0 32.9 20.1 21.4 Illinois ………………………………………………………………… Indiana ………………………………………………………………… Iowa …………………………………………………………………… Kansas ……………………………………………………………… Kentucky ……………………………………………………………… Louisiana ……………………………………………………………… Maine ………………………………………………………………… Maryland ……………………………………………………………… Massachusetts ……………………………………………………… Michigan ……………………………………………………………… Minnesota …………………………………………………………… Mississippi …………………………………………………………… Missouri ……………………………………………………………… 86,384 20,314 8,545 8,996 11,500 14,075 4,576 11,277 11,827 23,269 18,515 4,979 23,823 197,149 42,371 19,607 16,642 3,575 30,293 9,363 32,723 27,104 56,545 41,227 11,578 49,525 2.3 2.1 2.3 1.8 .3 2.2 2.0 2.9 2.3 2.4 2.2 2.3 2.1 14,416 4,287 764 1,445 2,601 2,689 807 2,264 2,880 4,640 2,171 1,075 2,069 16.7 21.1 8.9 16.1 22.6 19.1 17.6 20.1 24.4 19.9 11.7 21.6 8.7 Montana ……………………………………………………………… Nebraska ……………………………………………………………… Nevada ....................................................................................... New Hampshire ......................................................................... New Jersey ................................................................................ New Mexico ............................................................................... New York……………………………………………………………… North Carolina ……………………………………………………… North Dakota ………………………………………………………… Ohio …………………………………………………………………… Oklahoma …………………………………………………………… Oregon ……………………………………………………………… Pennsylvania ………………………………………………………… 3,336 2,827 16,845 2,789 44,874 6,000 118,151 32,395 3,005 54,566 3,156 22,378 85,827 5,999 4,927 30,216 5,130 106,422 15,827 248,886 78,199 5,159 112,851 7,048 34,333 158,887 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.8 2.4 2.6 2.1 2.4 1.7 2.1 2.2 1.5 1.9 632 173 3,752 203 9,417 1,308 18,905 9,301 777 8,862 677 3,338 10,192 18.9 6.1 22.3 7.3 21.0 21.8 16.0 28.7 25.9 16.2 21.5 14.9 11.9 Rhode Island ………………………………………………………… South Carolina ……………………………………………………… South Dakota ………………………………………………………… Tennessee …………………………………………………………… Texas ………………………………………………………………… Utah …………………………………………………………………… Vermont ……………………………………………………………… Virginia ……………………………………………………………… Washington …………………………………………………………… West Virginia ………………………………………………………… Wisconsin …………………………………………………………… Wyoming ……………………………………………………………… 4,126 16,608 145 19,020 43,421 6,482 2,216 21,838 24,967 3,347 41,784 1,153 8,146 34,113 87 50,302 94,969 11,904 3,682 40,137 48,524 7,622 66,400 2,512 2.0 2.1 .6 2.6 2.2 1.8 1.7 1.8 1.9 2.3 1.6 2.2 493 3,321 1 5,175 11,239 951 438 3,761 4,082 130 4,937 345 11.9 20.0 .7 27.2 25.9 14.7 19.8 17.2 16.3 3.9 11.8 29.9 Puerto Rico …………………………………………………………… 14,153 32,384 2.3 716 5.1 1 The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued claim activity for initial claimants associated with extended mass layoffs once a month during the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week, which is usually the week including the 12th day of the month. Continued claims with earnings are excluded because individuals who make such claims are classified as employed in the CPS. Final payment information for MLS claimants is collected weekly. (See the technical note for additional information.) 2 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 21 Table 21. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2010 Continued claims without earnings 1 Measure Total, private nonfarm 2………………………………………………………… Initial claims for unemployment insurance Number Final payments for unemployment 1 insurance Average number filed per initial claimant Number Percentage of initial claimants receiving final payments 1,412,386 2,891,061 2.0 267,793 19.0 Mining ………………………………………………………………………………… Utilities ………………………………………………………………………………… Construction …………………………………………………………………………… Manufacturing ………………………………………………………………………… Wholesale trade ……………………………………………………………………… Retail trade …………………………………………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing …………………………………………………… Information …………………………………………………………………………… 8,246 3,266 251,417 257,712 17,319 152,959 105,099 76,222 16,727 7,120 481,941 543,492 47,477 313,115 166,793 130,793 2.0 2.2 1.9 2.1 2.7 2.0 1.6 1.7 969 722 36,684 51,672 4,604 35,693 10,210 12,256 11.8 22.1 14.6 20.1 26.6 23.3 9.7 16.1 Finance and insurance ……………………………………………………………… Real estate and rental and leasing ………………………………………………… Professional and technical services ………………………………………………… Management of companies and enterprises ……………………………………… Administrative and waste services ………………………………………………… Educational services ………………………………………………………………… Health care and social assistance ………………………………………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………………………………………… Accommodation and food services ………………………………………………… Other services, except public administration ……………………………………… Unclassified establishments ………………………………………………………… 53,291 9,575 63,189 4,815 172,897 13,284 49,243 34,023 120,411 19,418 – 156,740 23,753 145,337 13,942 380,110 27,681 120,980 70,706 203,332 41,022 – 2.9 2.5 2.3 2.9 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.1 1.7 2.1 – 16,251 2,770 19,684 1,143 42,120 2,656 8,537 5,414 13,015 3,393 – 30.5 28.9 31.2 23.7 24.4 20.0 17.3 15.9 10.8 17.5 – Business demand .............................................................................................. Contract cancellation ...................................................................................... Contract completion ....................................................................................... Domestic competition ..................................................................................... Excess inventory/saturated market ................................................................ Import competition .......................................................................................... Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal business slowdown .................................................................................. 509,089 24,989 262,846 2,458 3,359 1,006 1,000,266 59,368 484,828 7,442 7,764 3,328 2.0 2.4 1.8 3.0 2.3 3.3 99,341 6,596 49,738 749 902 314 19.5 26.4 18.9 30.5 26.9 31.2 214,431 437,536 2.0 41,042 19.1 Organizational changes .................................................................................... Business-ownership change .......................................................................... Reorganization or restructuring of company .................................................. 80,192 13,819 66,373 221,843 43,870 177,973 2.8 3.2 2.7 24,358 4,391 19,967 30.4 31.8 30.1 Financial issues ................................................................................................. Bankruptcy ..................................................................................................... Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ................................................ Financial difficulty ........................................................................................... 103,762 9,055 66,594 28,113 298,245 27,967 172,002 98,276 2.9 3.1 2.6 3.5 32,228 2,895 19,180 10,153 31.1 32.0 28.8 36.1 Production specific ............................................................................................ Automation/technological advances ............................................................... Energy related ................................................................................................ Governmental regulations/intervention .......................................................... Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ...................................................... Material or supply shortage ............................................................................ Model changeover .......................................................................................... Plant or machine repair/maintenance ............................................................ Product line discontinued ............................................................................... 8,459 1,246 168 2,079 1,281 247 1,214 1,878 346 20,820 2,825 308 7,542 5,261 371 2,209 1,736 568 2.5 2.3 1.8 3.6 4.1 1.5 1.8 .9 1.6 1,665 169 22 689 199 16 280 145 145 19.7 13.6 13.1 33.1 15.5 6.5 23.1 7.7 41.9 Disaster/safety .................................................................................................. Hazardous work environment ........................................................................ Natural disaster (not weather related) ............................................................ Nonnatural disaster ........................................................................................ Extreme weather-related event ...................................................................... 3,225 268 252 1,209 1,496 7,067 389 535 2,842 3,301 2.2 1.5 2.1 2.4 2.2 624 74 22 223 305 19.3 27.6 8.7 18.4 20.4 Seasonal ........................................................................................................... Seasonal ........................................................................................................ Vacation period–school related or otherwise ................................................. 442,596 356,989 85,607 833,388 687,719 145,669 1.9 1.9 1.7 60,815 55,459 5,356 13.7 15.5 6.3 Other/miscellaneous ......................................................................................... Other .............................................................................................................. Data not provided: Refusal ............................................................................. Data not provided: Does not know ................................................................. 265,063 9,694 79,920 175,449 509,432 21,401 144,608 343,423 1.9 2.2 1.8 2.0 48,762 2,075 14,277 32,410 18.4 21.4 17.9 18.5 Other selected measures Worksite closures …………………………………………………………………… Recall expected ……………………………………………………………………… No recall expected …………………………………………………………………… 118,575 665,888 399,051 355,225 1,208,285 1,022,304 3.0 1.8 2.6 38,069 92,705 113,377 32.1 13.9 28.4 Industry Reason for layoff 1 The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued claim activity for initial claimants associated with extended mass layoffs once a month during the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week, which is usually the week including the 12th day of the month. Continued claims with earnings are excluded because individuals who make such claims are classified as employed in the CPS. Final payment information for MLS claimants is collected weekly. (See the technical note for additional information.) 2 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 22 Table 22. Claimants for unemployment insurance, based on residency, associated with extended mass layoff events, 50 highest metropolitan areas, private nonfarm sector, 2010 Metropolitan area Initial claims for unemployment insurance Continued claims without Final payments for earnings1 unemployment insurance1 Number Average number filed per initial claimant Number Percentage of initial claimants receiving final payments Total, 372 metropolitan areas2……………………………………………… 1,164,598 2,411,632 2.1 227,940 19.6 Total, top 50 metropolitan areas3 ……………………………………………… 831,751 1,712,404 2.1 163,560 19.7 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, Calif. …………………………………… New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Pa. ………………… Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, Ill.-Ind.-Wis. ………………………………………… Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, Calif. ………………………………………… San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, Calif. ………………………………………… San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, Calif. ………………………………………… Sacramento—Arden-Arcade—Roseville, Calif. ………………………………… Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md. ………………………… San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, Calif. ………………………………………… Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, Fla. ………………………………… Pittsburgh, Pa. ……………………………………………………………………… Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, Texas …………………………………………… 147,478 100,658 55,067 48,731 47,884 30,265 23,503 22,684 18,278 17,172 16,034 13,890 237,335 219,300 133,789 87,639 97,049 57,482 51,443 48,868 38,952 52,450 31,371 29,914 1.6 2.2 2.4 1.8 2.0 1.9 2.2 2.2 2.1 3.1 2.0 2.2 23,377 18,446 10,397 9,111 9,943 5,957 5,316 3,831 4,095 6,961 2,107 3,389 15.9 18.3 18.9 18.7 20.8 19.7 22.6 16.9 22.4 40.5 13.1 24.4 Las Vegas-Paradise, Nev. ………………………………………………………… St. Louis, Mo.-Ill. …………………………………………………………………… Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, Wash. ………………………………………………… Fresno, Calif. ……………………………………………………………………… Stockton, Calif. ……………………………………………………………………… Modesto, Calif. ……………………………………………………………………… Detroit-Warren-Livonia, Mich. …………………………………………………… Bakersfield-Delano, Calif. ………………………………………………………… Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Fla. ………………………………………… Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wis. ………………………………………… Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, Ohio …………………………………………………… Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Ore.-Wash. ……………………………………… Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, Ariz. …………………………………………………… 13,684 13,662 13,093 11,953 11,814 11,434 9,794 9,596 9,532 9,172 9,010 8,495 8,356 23,880 29,129 28,635 22,861 26,954 22,675 24,888 17,870 26,972 16,478 15,723 16,111 18,419 1.7 2.1 2.2 1.9 2.3 2.0 2.5 1.9 2.8 1.8 1.7 1.9 2.2 2,818 1,484 2,487 2,499 3,038 2,710 2,241 1,588 3,677 1,391 1,332 1,660 1,868 20.6 10.9 19.0 20.9 25.7 23.7 22.9 16.5 38.6 15.2 14.8 19.5 22.4 Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, Calif. ………………………………………… Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, Mass.-N.H. ………………………………………… Buffalo-Niagara Falls, N.Y. ………………………………………………………… Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Fla. ………………………………………………… Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas ……………………………………………… Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minn.-Wis. ………………………………… Baltimore-Towson, Md. …………………………………………………………… Cincinnati-Middletown, Ohio-Ky.-Ind. …………………………………………… Jacksonville, Fla. …………………………………………………………………… Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Va.-N.C. ……………………………… Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, Ga. …………………………………………… Vallejo-Fairfield, Calif. ……………………………………………………………… 8,118 7,917 7,526 7,505 7,187 7,029 6,969 6,776 6,577 6,461 6,128 5,931 14,060 17,077 13,863 20,484 19,425 17,547 21,084 16,538 15,618 11,895 12,627 11,717 1.7 2.2 1.8 2.7 2.7 2.5 3.0 2.4 2.4 1.8 2.1 2.0 1,357 1,718 873 2,687 2,592 1,186 1,486 1,516 1,904 1,178 2,377 1,162 16.7 21.7 11.6 35.8 36.1 16.9 21.3 22.4 28.9 18.2 38.8 19.6 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, N.C.-S.C. ………………………………………… Scranton—Wilkes-Barre, Pa. ……………………………………………………… Atlantic City-Hammonton, N.J. …………………………………………………… Rochester, N.Y. …………………………………………………………………… Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, D.C.-Va.-Md.-W.Va. ……………………… Kansas City, Mo.-Kan. …………………………………………………………… Visalia-Porterville, Calif. …………………………………………………………… Indianapolis-Carmel, Ind. ………………………………………………………… Columbus, Ohio …………………………………………………………………… Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pa.-N.J. ………………………………………… Nashville-Davidson—Murfreesboro—Franklin, Tenn. ………………………… Providence-Fall River-Warwick, R.I.-Mass. ……………………………………… Merced, Calif. ……………………………………………………………………… 5,860 5,848 5,772 5,664 5,483 5,337 4,899 4,758 4,704 4,617 4,560 4,466 4,420 15,544 10,571 9,720 12,428 14,779 12,114 9,027 11,437 11,557 9,173 11,316 8,887 7,729 2.7 1.8 1.7 2.2 2.7 2.3 1.8 2.4 2.5 2.0 2.5 2.0 1.7 1,911 695 636 924 910 705 892 1,153 956 638 1,068 579 734 32.6 11.9 11.0 16.3 16.6 13.2 18.2 24.2 20.3 13.8 23.4 13.0 16.6 1 The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued claim activity for initial claimants associated with extended mass layoffs once a month during the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week, which is usually the week including the 12th day of the month. Continued claims with earnings are excluded because individuals who make such claims are classified as employed in the CPS. Final payment information for MLS claimants is collected weekly. (See the technical note for additional information.) 2 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 3 The 50 highest metropolitan areas in terms of the level of extended mass layoff initial claims activity are shown. NOTE: The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan areas shown in this table are defined in the U.S. Office of Management and Budget Bulletin 10-22, December 01, 2009. 23 Table 23. Unemployment insurance benefit exhaustion rates by selected claimant characteristics, private nonfarm sector, 2010 Characteristic Total, private nonfarm2 ………………………… Initial claims for unemployment insurance Final payments for 1 unemployment insurance Percentage of initial claimants receiving final payments 1,412,386 267,793 19.0 308,456 463,805 350,303 282,671 7,151 59,287 85,699 63,207 59,049 551 19.2 18.5 18.0 20.9 7.7 840,288 568,425 3,673 147,816 119,174 803 17.6 21.0 21.9 764,502 213,744 277,211 10,904 48,943 97,082 128,951 52,212 54,531 2,252 10,323 19,524 16.9 24.4 19.7 20.7 21.1 20.1 Age Under 30 years of age ……………………………… 30–44 ………………………………………………… 45–54 ………………………………………………… 55 years of age or over ………………………...…… Not available ………………………………………… Gender Male …………………………………………………… Female ………………………………………………… Not available ………………………………………...… Race/ethnicity White …………………………………………………… Black …………………………………………………… Hispanic origin ………………………………………… American Indian or Alaska Native ………………… Asian or Pacific Islander …………………………… Not available ………………………………………… 1 Final payment information for Mass Layoff Statistics claimants is collected weekly. (See the technical note for additional information.) 2 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 24 Table 24. Census region and division: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2008–2010 Layoff events Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Separations Census region and division 2008 2009 2010 United States1 ............................... 8,259 11,824 7,247 1,516,978 2,108,202 1,256,606 1,670,042 2,442,000 1,412,386 Northeast ................................................ 1,355 2,145 1,545 246,330 366,195 238,752 260,916 405,859 285,997 New England ....................................... Middle Atlantic ..................................... 219 1,136 341 1,804 235 1,310 36,816 209,514 55,334 310,861 42,604 196,148 34,022 226,894 55,346 350,513 37,145 248,852 South ....................................................... 1,645 2,438 1,377 305,650 455,977 247,465 329,693 505,456 283,362 South Atlantic ...................................... East South Central .............................. West South Central ............................. 888 374 383 1,383 506 549 789 275 313 173,612 60,788 71,250 255,522 92,000 108,455 142,956 49,527 54,982 179,648 71,316 78,729 303,424 95,743 106,289 167,301 48,240 67,821 Midwest ................................................... 2,349 3,129 1,671 460,641 575,897 281,873 562,953 736,516 292,173 East North Central .............................. West North Central ............................. 1,810 539 2,370 759 1,259 412 371,227 89,414 450,852 125,045 211,273 70,600 467,181 95,772 589,642 146,874 226,317 65,856 West ........................................................ 2,910 4,112 2,654 504,357 710,133 488,516 516,480 794,169 550,854 Mountain ............................................. Pacific ................................................. 420 2,490 680 3,432 379 2,275 89,810 414,547 118,740 591,393 80,584 407,932 70,900 445,580 118,941 675,228 60,452 490,402 1 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. NOTE: The states (and the District of Columbia) that make up the census divisions are as follows: New England—Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic–New Jersey, New York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic—Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East South Central—Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central–Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central—Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central-Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain—Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific—Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 25 Table 25. State distribution: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2008–2010 Layoff events Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Separations State 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 2008 2009 2010 8,259 11,824 7,247 1,516,978 2,108,202 1,256,606 1,670,042 2,442,000 1,412,386 Alabama ....................................................... 60 Alaska ........................................................... 22 Arizona ......................................................... 64 Arkansas ....................................................... 48 California ...................................................... 2,161 Colorado ....................................................... 59 Connecticut ................................................... 47 Delaware ...................................................... 11 District of Columbia ...................................... 8 Florida ........................................................... 480 Georgia ......................................................... 114 Hawaii ........................................................... 32 Idaho ............................................................. 93 79 46 129 49 2,944 129 84 25 12 629 136 34 54 47 48 73 31 1,984 73 64 15 12 264 76 10 31 13,237 11,212 11,578 7,755 343,867 23,123 9,721 1,305 1,091 105,619 15,504 8,415 12,904 22,102 16,709 21,402 9,407 496,952 24,057 15,151 4,478 1,464 138,840 20,536 3,811 8,337 10,752 13,681 14,714 4,122 356,179 19,052 14,774 1,990 1,501 66,590 8,542 1,153 5,262 18,214 5,116 10,170 9,025 375,422 7,884 8,825 1,345 936 93,111 30,610 5,611 13,492 24,501 10,653 21,441 9,845 568,650 17,772 14,246 3,426 1,464 133,430 39,458 4,216 8,831 12,741 11,055 12,844 7,169 430,859 9,806 11,611 1,717 1,501 64,522 14,096 1,143 3,986 Illinois ............................................................ Indiana .......................................................... Iowa .............................................................. Kansas .......................................................... Kentucky ....................................................... Louisiana ...................................................... Maine ............................................................ Maryland ....................................................... Massachusetts .............................................. Michigan ....................................................... Minnesota ..................................................... Mississippi .................................................... Missouri ........................................................ 591 289 79 55 125 100 17 54 107 385 169 59 201 745 277 87 89 198 128 33 84 133 442 274 54 245 460 114 33 49 92 89 31 79 82 162 128 41 156 120,268 46,816 10,208 8,042 17,323 17,248 4,220 7,218 16,684 81,728 28,618 10,176 37,705 140,451 39,600 10,473 19,818 35,464 23,288 7,826 9,973 19,669 89,727 39,799 6,865 45,179 81,890 12,835 5,832 6,843 15,401 18,259 5,210 13,785 11,917 20,798 18,609 7,077 31,561 122,380 80,622 19,926 8,188 19,270 16,455 2,611 7,246 16,562 135,728 28,250 8,516 35,337 159,241 54,396 24,057 25,611 33,871 19,124 5,572 10,217 23,113 164,130 44,512 5,241 43,484 86,384 20,314 8,545 8,996 11,500 14,075 4,576 11,277 11,827 23,269 18,515 4,979 23,823 Montana ........................................................ Nebraska ...................................................... Nevada ......................................................... New Hampshire ............................................ New Jersey ................................................... New Mexico .................................................. New York ...................................................... North Carolina .............................................. North Dakota ................................................ Ohio .............................................................. Oklahoma ..................................................... Oregon .......................................................... Pennsylvania ................................................ 32 19 94 12 248 38 413 69 11 385 32 130 475 35 24 195 26 340 65 695 206 31 562 64 189 769 31 24 80 18 224 45 642 126 21 318 13 94 444 3,278 2,782 18,926 1,842 53,465 5,662 86,014 11,596 1,364 88,507 7,670 26,616 70,035 4,971 4,168 33,851 3,994 67,947 10,991 125,569 33,602 4,659 114,879 12,162 33,750 117,345 5,411 5,172 13,923 3,627 51,003 8,387 93,181 12,315 2,433 51,466 2,981 20,972 51,964 3,903 2,166 22,542 1,434 46,436 5,886 80,112 15,500 1,364 87,352 6,549 34,552 100,346 4,441 3,399 44,547 3,957 60,114 9,168 130,062 62,723 4,942 135,786 11,927 46,505 160,337 3,336 2,827 16,845 2,789 44,874 6,000 118,151 32,395 3,005 54,566 3,156 22,378 85,827 Rhode Island ................................................ South Carolina .............................................. South Dakota ................................................ Tennessee .................................................... Texas ............................................................ Utah .............................................................. Vermont ........................................................ Virginia .......................................................... Washington ................................................... West Virginia ................................................ Wisconsin ..................................................... Wyoming ....................................................... 21 84 5 130 203 34 15 48 145 20 160 6 30 136 9 175 308 63 35 106 219 49 344 10 25 87 2,969 19,780 949 27,569 63,598 9,980 5,725 17,682 40,171 9,167 66,195 5,151 4,282 15,974 ( ) 2,428 19,976 541 25,316 46,700 6,509 2,162 8,391 24,879 2,533 41,099 514 2,898 23,029 869 32,130 65,393 11,412 5,560 22,909 45,204 6,768 76,089 1,329 4,126 16,608 ( ) 2,408 18,074 695 20,052 38,577 9,812 1,941 10,347 24,437 2,858 33,908 4,527 Puerto Rico ................................................... 47 51 48 4,391 5,635 5,353 10,281 11,201 14,153 Total, private nonfarm1 ....................... 2 ( ) 95 180 39 15 109 139 21 205 2 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 26 2 ( ) 16,297 29,620 9,352 2,794 17,946 15,947 4,313 44,284 2 2 ( ) 19,020 43,421 6,482 2,216 21,838 24,967 3,347 41,784 2 ( ) Table 26. The 50 metropolitan areas with the largest number of initial claimants associated with extended mass layoff events in 2010, by residency of claimants, private nonfarm sector 2009 Metropolitan area Initial claimants for unemployment insurance 2010 Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Rank1 Rank1 Total, 372 metropolitan areas2 ……………………………………………… 1,961,494 … 1,164,598 … Total, top 50 metropolitan areas ……………………………………………… 1,347,028 … 831,751 … Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, Calif. …………………………………… 183,953 1 147,478 1 New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Pa. ………………… 111,605 2 100,658 2 Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, Ill.-Ind.-Wis. ………………………………………… 87,998 4 55,067 3 Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, Calif. ……………………………………… 69,028 6 48,731 4 San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, Calif. ………………………………………… 70,569 5 47,884 5 San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, Calif. ………………………………………… 42,220 7 30,265 6 Sacramento—Arden-Arcade—Roseville, Calif. ………………………………… 31,274 11 23,503 7 Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md. ………………………… 27,564 12 22,684 8 San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, Calif. ………………………………………… 31,687 10 18,278 9 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, Fla. ………………………………… 33,502 9 17,172 10 Pittsburgh, Pa. ……………………………………………………………………… 23,414 15 16,034 11 Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, Texas …………………………………………… 19,247 20 13,890 12 Las Vegas-Paradise, Nev. ………………………………………………………… 37,426 8 13,684 13 St. Louis, Mo.-Ill. …………………………………………………………………… 26,861 14 13,662 14 Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, Wash. ………………………………………………… 27,407 13 13,093 15 Fresno, Calif. ……………………………………………………………………… 13,179 28 11,953 16 Stockton, Calif. ……………………………………………………………………… 13,372 26 11,814 17 Modesto, Calif. ……………………………………………………………………… 12,379 34 11,434 18 Detroit-Warren-Livonia, Mich. …………………………………………………… 88,678 3 9,794 19 Bakersfield-Delano, Calif. ………………………………………………………… 12,412 33 9,596 20 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Fla. ………………………………………… 20,898 16 9,532 21 Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, Wis. ………………………………………… 17,354 22 9,172 22 Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, Ohio …………………………………………………… 20,276 18 9,010 23 Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Ore.-Wash. ……………………………………… 20,412 17 8,495 24 Phoenix-Mesa-Glendale, Ariz. …………………………………………………… 12,678 32 8,356 25 Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, Calif. ………………………………………… 11,213 38 8,118 26 Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, Mass.-N.H. ………………………………………… 14,010 25 7,917 27 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, N.Y. ……………………………………………………… 9,725 42 7,526 28 Orlando-Kissimmee-Sanford, Fla. ……………………………………………… 16,756 23 7,505 29 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas ……………………………………………… 12,932 30 7,187 30 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, Minn.-Wis. ………………………………… 18,169 21 7,029 31 Baltimore-Towson, Md. …………………………………………………………… 6,331 59 6,969 32 Cincinnati-Middletown, Ohio-Ky.-Ind. …………………………………………… 13,097 29 6,776 33 Jacksonville, Fla. …………………………………………………………………… 11,503 35 6,577 34 Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Va.-N.C. ……………………………… 5,179 75 6,461 35 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, Ga. …………………………………………… 13,191 27 6,128 36 Vallejo-Fairfield, Calif. ……………………………………………………………… 7,640 52 5,931 37 Charlotte-Gastonia-Rock Hill, N.C.-S.C. ………………………………………… 10,263 41 5,860 38 Scranton—Wilkes-Barre, Pa. ……………………………………………………… 8,604 47 5,848 39 Atlantic City-Hammonton, N.J. …………………………………………………… 5,989 63 5,772 40 Rochester, N.Y. …………………………………………………………………… 8,671 46 5,664 41 Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, D.C.-Va.-Md.-W.Va. ……………………… 5,050 76 5,483 42 Kansas City, Mo.-Kan. …………………………………………………………… 9,664 43 5,337 43 Visalia-Porterville, Calif. …………………………………………………………… 5,184 74 4,899 44 Indianapolis-Carmel, Ind. ………………………………………………………… 7,532 53 4,758 45 Columbus, Ohio …………………………………………………………………… 9,283 44 4,704 46 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, Pa.-N.J. ………………………………………… 6,781 57 4,617 47 Nashville-Davidson—Murfreesboro—Franklin, Tenn. ………………………… 5,191 72 4,560 48 Providence-Fall River-Warwick, R.I.-Mass. ……………………………………… 3,767 95 4,466 49 Merced, Calif. ……………………………………………………………………… 4,027 91 4,420 50 1 Metropolitan areas are ranked by the number of initial claims in 2010. 2 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. NOTE: The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan areas shown in this table are defined in the U.S. Office of Management and Budget Bulletin 10-22, December 01, 2009. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 27 Table 27. Summary of employer expectations of a recall from extended mass layoffs, private nonfarm sector, 2003–2010 1 Percent of events Nature of recall 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 43.2 51.1 56.2 52.1 49.5 41.4 34.2 49.5 82.4 47.2 84.2 47.7 87.1 50.1 88.7 53.5 86.5 49.0 77.2 45.0 72.0 44.2 70.2 42.5 87.5 43.7 90.1 47.1 90.6 47.9 92.2 49.4 90.2 49.8 79.6 38.9 73.0 33.9 72.6 35.5 94.2 95.1 94.8 93.6 94.7 95.3 94.1 93.1 87.5 44.5 87.8 43.0 91.5 45.6 91.0 48.2 91.6 46.6 88.8 43.5 88.3 48.8 86.6 48.8 95.2 54.1 96.4 54.7 96.7 55.0 96.8 57.0 96.0 59.1 92.3 51.8 90.8 49.7 91.1 49.2 Anticipate a recall …………………………………………………… 23.4 26.6 31.6 29.4 25.1 24.4 20.5 27.7 Timeframe Within 6 months ……………………………………………………… Within 3 months ………………………………………………… 74.4 51.4 77.0 56.9 78.5 58.7 84.7 62.7 76.1 53.8 62.9 46.8 54.7 39.4 42.6 31.9 Size of recall At least half …………………………………………………………… All workers ………………………………………………………… 75.5 27.3 77.7 31.9 78.9 34.3 84.3 36.2 78.3 31.0 63.9 22.9 54.2 17.2 41.7 12.6 All layoff events Anticipate a recall …………………………………………………… Timeframe Within 6 months ……………………………………………………… Within 3 months ………………………………………………… Size of recall At least half …………………………………………………………… All workers ………………………………………………………… Layoff events due to seasonal work and vacation period Anticipate a recall …………………………………………………… Timeframe Within 6 months ……………………………………………………… Within 3 months ………………………………………………… Size of recall At least half …………………………………………………………… All workers ………………………………………………………… All layoff events, excluding those due to seasonal work and vacation period 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 28 Table 28. Distribution of extended mass layoff events with expected recall, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2003–2010 Percent of layoff events Measure 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 43.2 51.1 56.2 52.1 49.5 41.4 34.2 49.5 Mining ………………………………………………………… Utilities ………………………………………………………… Construction ………………………………………………… Manufacturing ……………………………………………… Wholesale trade ……………………………………………… Retail trade …………………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing ………………………… Information …………………………………………………… Finance and insurance ……………………………………… 68.6 27.3 71.9 38.7 26.6 25.7 54.8 9.8 3.4 77.5 46.2 76.7 43.8 36.2 27.6 68.7 12.4 5.1 90.9 53.8 80.2 48.2 44.1 31.3 65.3 17.5 8.2 75.0 72.7 58.9 45.6 36.9 29.1 72.3 26.5 5.0 76.9 55.6 53.8 43.1 31.6 29.9 76.0 23.7 .5 67.3 36.4 56.4 36.9 20.5 19.3 51.9 9.8 .2 43.9 52.4 56.4 28.1 14.7 11.7 46.7 4.1 1.3 59.3 41.2 71.2 38.9 32.9 21.3 59.7 19.1 2.4 Real estate and rental and leasing ………………………… Professional and technical services ……………………… Management of companies and enterprises ……………… Administrative and waste services ………………………… Educational services ………………………………………… Health care and social assistance ................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ……………………… Accommodation and food services ………………………… Other services, except public administration …………… Unclassified establishments ……………………………… 13.6 32.7 35.0 31.3 48.1 60.9 68.6 64.8 66.7 57.1 23.1 42.4 23.8 34.7 68.8 69.7 83.3 69.4 64.8 50.0 31.6 46.8 42.9 42.6 50.0 69.1 77.8 65.8 71.3 – 29.4 52.9 33.3 41.1 60.9 79.7 81.5 73.8 81.5 – 10.7 40.4 42.9 56.2 55.6 77.7 84.2 74.3 69.9 25.0 15.7 31.5 33.3 41.3 51.2 66.5 71.9 53.9 57.8 – 16.8 22.8 22.2 32.0 39.0 62.6 64.6 44.9 43.2 – 25.0 38.6 40.0 45.6 60.9 62.8 73.2 55.7 64.8 – Business demand ............................................................ Contract cancellation .................................................... Contract completion ..................................................... Domestic competition ................................................... Excess inventory/saturated market .............................. Import competition ........................................................ Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal business slowdown ................................................ 40.9 13.6 41.6 44.3 9.0 38.6 48.9 15.5 42.8 43.5 14.1 36.6 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 5.4 (2) (2) 7.8 (2) (2) 5.4 (2) (2) 9.4 39.1 21.9 36.3 26.7 34.2 2.7 40.7 17.7 51.1 28.6 37.5 5.6 33.4 17.2 50.2 33.3 42.9 4.5 48.7 11.5 62.2 12.5 38.5 – 47.8 62.0 64.8 63.0 47.6 38.6 29.1 41.0 Organizational changes .................................................. Business-ownership change ........................................ Reorganization or restructuring of company ................ 6.5 5.8 6.6 5.7 4.7 6.0 4.5 1.9 5.2 5.0 4.8 5.1 6.0 3.0 7.1 3.3 3.2 3.3 3.8 3.5 3.9 6.3 12.5 4.3 Financial issues ............................................................... Bankruptcy ................................................................... Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability .............. Financial difficulty ......................................................... 5.1 2.3 1.9 – 4.0 2.2 5.0 1.8 (2) 6.7 (2) 2.7 (2) 5.2 (2) 6.1 4.4 – 4.0 6.1 3.8 1.5 4.3 4.4 6.6 3.4 8.5 4.6 5.9 1.7 5.8 7.5 48.1 – – 45.1 – – 40.2 33.3 – 44.7 12.5 100.0 2 2 44.9 50.0 20.0 19.0 47.4 66.7 66.7 87.5 9.1 38.7 20.0 – 26.7 14.3 100.0 100.0 100.0 – 42.6 33.3 100.0 5.6 42.9 100.0 75.0 100.0 25.0 1 Total, private nonfarm ……………………………… Industry Reason for layoff Production specific .......................................................... Automation/technological advances ............................. Energy related .............................................................. Governmental regulations/intervention ........................ Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .................... Material or supply shortage .......................................... Model changeover ........................................................ Plant or machine repair/maintenance .......................... Product line discontinued ............................................. ( ) 57.9 80.0 66.7 95.8 2.9 ( ) 45.2 80.0 77.8 94.7 8.6 ( ) 55.6 50.0 71.4 90.0 15.0 ( ) 72.2 70.0 66.7 83.3 11.1 53.6 12.5 – 7.1 55.6 100.0 66.7 82.4 28.6 Disaster/safety ................................................................ Hazardous work environment ...................................... Natural disaster (not weather related) .......................... Nonnatural disaster ...................................................... Extreme weather-related event .................................... 83.6 60.0 33.3 – 95.8 95.7 50.0 100.0 100.0 96.8 42.9 100.0 50.0 100.0 42.5 80.6 25.0 60.0 60.0 89.6 84.4 – 66.7 80.0 95.5 37.9 – 100.0 25.0 37.3 68.4 66.7 – 66.7 70.0 75.0 100.0 100.0 60.0 81.8 Seasonal ......................................................................... Seasonal ...................................................................... Vacation period–school related or otherwise ............... 94.2 93.9 98.1 95.1 95.0 97.3 94.8 94.5 100.0 93.6 93.3 98.2 94.7 93.5 99.3 95.3 94.3 99.2 94.1 92.9 98.0 93.1 91.5 99.4 Other/miscellaneous ....................................................... Other ............................................................................ Data not provided: Refusal ........................................... Data not provided: Does not know ............................... 2.3 11.8 – – 5.3 16.8 – – 5.0 17.0 – – 4.8 19.1 – .9 3.3 46.3 – .5 2.5 39.3 – .1 1.4 27.0 – – 1.4 27.3 – .1 Domestic relocation ......................................................... 2.0 (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 1.6 3 3 3 3 3 3 (3) Overseas relocation ........................................................ ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) ( ) ( ) 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data. 3 Beginning with data for 2004, these reasons for layoff are no longer used. For additional information, see the technical note. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 29 ( ) Table 29. Number of extended mass layoff events and separations after which the employer does not expect a recall, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2010 Measure Events 1 Total, private nonfarm ……………………………………………………… Separations 1,896 343,522 Mining ………………………………………………………………………………… Utilities ……………………………………………………………………………… Construction ………………………………………………………………………… Manufacturing ……………………………………………………………………… Wholesale trade …………………………………………………………………… Retail trade …………………………………………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing ………………………………………………… Information …………………………………………………………………………… Finance and insurance ……………………………………………………………… 15 7 175 534 62 208 95 77 141 2,065 1,412 29,057 84,126 7,381 45,040 14,841 12,244 24,835 Real estate and rental and leasing ………………………………………………… Professional and technical services ……………………………………………… Management of companies and enterprises …………………………………… Administrative and waste services ………………………………………………… Educational services ………………………………………………………………… Health care and social assistance ………………………………………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation ……………………………………………… Accommodation and food services ……………………………………………… Other services, except public administration …………………………………… Unclassified establishments ……………………………………………………… 32 77 14 189 18 93 20 113 26 – 6,908 12,703 3,206 55,503 3,169 13,487 3,323 20,963 3,259 – Business demand ............................................................................................ Contract cancellation .................................................................................... Contract completion ..................................................................................... Domestic competition ................................................................................... Excess inventory/saturated market .............................................................. Import competition ........................................................................................ Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal business slowdown ................................................................................ 904 112 229 7 7 7 167,162 18,549 61,668 2,151 582 1,199 542 83,013 Organizational changes .................................................................................. Business-ownership change ........................................................................ Reorganization or restructuring of company ................................................ 354 74 280 66,000 22,284 43,716 Financial issues ............................................................................................... Bankruptcy ................................................................................................... Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability .............................................. Financial difficulty ......................................................................................... 454 58 257 139 79,758 14,713 35,803 29,242 Production specific .......................................................................................... Automation/technological advances ............................................................. Energy related .............................................................................................. Governmental regulations/intervention ........................................................ Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .................................................... Material or supply shortage .......................................................................... Model changeover ........................................................................................ Plant or machine repair/maintenance .......................................................... Product line discontinued ............................................................................. 23 5 – 12 (2) – 2 ( ) – 3 3,755 760 – 2,334 (2) – 2 ( ) – 325 Disaster/safety ................................................................................................ Hazardous work environment ...................................................................... Natural disaster (not weather related) .......................................................... Nonnatural disaster ...................................................................................... Extreme weather-related event .................................................................... 4 – – 2 ( ) (2) 417 – – 2 ( ) (2) Seasonal ......................................................................................................... Seasonal ...................................................................................................... Vacation period–school related or otherwise ............................................... 104 19,282 (2) (2) (2) (2) Other/miscellaneous ....................................................................................... Other ............................................................................................................ Data not provided: Refusal ........................................................................... Data not provided: Does not know ............................................................... 53 31 – 22 7,148 4,335 – 2,813 Industry Reason for layoff 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 30 Table 30. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations by primary reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2006-2010 Layoff events Separations Reason for layoff1 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 Total, all reasons .................................................... 621 594 899 1,099 Business demand ..................................................... 123 139 236 Contract cancellation ............................................. Contract completion ............................................... Domestic competition ............................................ Excess inventory/saturated market ........................ Import competition ................................................. Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal business slowdown .......................................... 28 28 ( ) (2) 36 24 13 4 9 49 26 16 4 8 34 31 40 Organizational changes ............................................ 274 Business-ownership change .................................. Reorganization or restructuring of company .......... 70 204 Financial issues ........................................................ Bankruptcy ............................................................. Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ........ Financial difficulty .................................................. Production specific .................................................... Automation/technological advances ...................... Energy related ....................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention .................. Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ............. Material or supply shortage ................................... Model changeover ................................................. Plant or machine repair/maintenance .................... Product line discontinued ....................................... 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 602 153,718 125,836 215,647 237,333 119,233 405 186 22,977 23,426 51,480 73,808 33,412 40 41 5 10 12 30 24 4 4,227 4,667 ( ) (2) 6,151 8,453 4,259 1,080 2,064 6,046 5,918 7,412 595 1,069 2,237 6,125 4,731 1,384 (3) 3 ( ) 4,488 2,792 568 1,373 7,903 148 297 123 7,932 6,302 29,578 56,577 20,484 172 223 193 123 78,219 30,647 50,435 41,430 25,179 57 115 50 173 45 148 35 88 23,548 54,671 11,341 19,306 16,379 34,056 12,902 28,528 10,217 14,962 143 241 373 431 242 34,122 63,340 97,787 109,509 52,737 41 2 113 103 157 134 131 166 53 92 97 13,207 ( ) 102 51 81 109 ( ) 20,915 15,103 18,087 30,150 31,779 18,010 47,998 42,348 24,382 42,779 12,305 16,089 24,343 15 3 ( ) 26 16 13 4,943 (3) 7,145 3,651 2,480 (3) 562 510 4,254 (3) 291 – – – – – 2,014 – – 2 3 ( ) – (2) (3) – – – 11 Disaster/safety .......................................................... 5 3 ( ) 3 ( ) (3) 5 – – – – 3 3 12 – – (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) – – – 8 3 3 3 ( ) (3) 3 – ( ) 3 Hazardous work environment ................................ Natural disaster (not weather related) ................... Nonnatural disaster ................................................ Extreme weather-related event .............................. (3) (3) – ( ) – – – (3) – (3) (3) Seasonal ................................................................... 8 – ( ) – – 9 – – (3) – (3) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) – – – – 2 2 3 ( ) – (2) (3) – – – 4,342 1,743 3 ( ) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) – 3 ( ) (3) (3) 513 3 3 3 (3) 1,575 – – – – (3) (3) (3) 3 3 ( ) ( ) 3 (3) (3) (3) – (3) (3) (3) 3 3 ( ) – (3) – 7,768 4,378 5,471 204 2,093 2,068 – 2,310 ( ) – ( ) – 513 – – – ( ) – Other/miscellaneous ................................................. 53 30 34 49 33 11,201 4,796 6,109 Other ...................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal .................................... Data not provided: Does not know ......................... 38 4 11 11 4 15 16 6 12 32 2 15 15 – 18 8,458 582 2,161 1,634 661 2,501 2,924 1,225 1,960 Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data. Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. For additional information see the technical note. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 31 – – ( ) – – 3 (3) (3) ( ) – 3 ( ) 3 ( ) (3) – – – Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. (3) 3 – – 8 – 2 (3) – ( ) – Seasonal ................................................................ Vacation period–school related or otherwise ......... 1 (3) (3) – – – 1,386 (3) 3 ( ) Table 31. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations by major industry sector, private nonfarm sector, 2006-2010 Layoffs Separations Industry 1 Total, private nonfarm ................................... 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 621 594 899 1,099 602 2 2 Mining …………………………………………………… Utilities …………………………………………………… Construction …………………………………………… Manufacturing …………………………………………… Wholesale trade ………………………………………… Retail trade ……………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing ……………………… Information ……………………………………………… Finance and insurance ………………………………… ( ) – 18 314 21 81 23 30 34 6 – 6 289 26 63 16 12 86 ( ) ( ) 30 382 41 145 50 20 69 Real estate and rental and leasing …………………… Professional and technical services ………………… Management of companies and enterprises ………… Administrative and waste services …………………… Educational services …………………………………… Health care and social assistance …………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………… Accommodation and food services …………………… Other services, except public administration ………… 3 17 3 24 4 11 4 20 7 18 7 37 (2) 16 3 20 11 (2) 24 Unclassified establishments …………………………… – 2 19 – 33 480 51 214 59 29 49 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 153,718 125,836 215,647 237,333 119,233 4,154 – 4,859 91,476 7,881 66,679 12,125 4,838 11,303 936 2 2 ( ) 24 198 28 84 31 15 28 ( ) – 1,377 67,228 4,265 40,784 7,852 6,537 5,510 1,184 – 2,083 56,264 4,103 19,771 3,209 1,623 16,164 ( ) 4,783 83,487 6,591 51,381 15,844 3,059 11,367 7 2 ( ) 2 26 15 5 42 296 2,970 367 5,226 532 1,831 811 3,913 981 3,729 1,415 9,073 (2) 29 6 48 10 (2) 3,109 320 6,150 1,387 (2) 8,351 (2) 13 9 (2) 28 8 44 6 11 28 7 43 5 25 7 29 10 1 – – – – 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 32 2 ( ) 4,497 37,711 3,653 19,879 5,384 2,398 8,722 6,043 2,634 1,241 8,120 (2) 3,296 1,814 (2) 9,337 2,100 10,789 660 2,645 5,211 1,098 9,383 527 4,412 1,529 7,292 1,921 538 – – – (2) 6,099 1,231 8,882 1,356 Table 32. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest ranking three-digit NAICS industries in 2010 Industry Permanent closures NAICS code 2009 Events 2 Separations 2010 Rank 1 Events Separations Rank1 Total, private nonfarm ...................................... … 1,099 237,333 … 602 119,233 … Total, 50 highest ranking industries ............................. … 983 213,088 … 550 113,293 … Transportation equipment manufacturing……………… Administrative and support services…………………… Food and beverage stores……………………………… Food services and drinking places……………………… Credit intermediation and related activities…………… General merchandise stores…………………………… Rental and leasing services……………………………… Food manufacturing……………………………………… Hospitals…………………………………………………… Computer and electronic product manufacturing……… 336 561 445 722 522 452 532 311 622 334 82 42 26 16 37 48 5 32 7 40 20,452 9,290 4,509 4,681 9,132 16,742 570 8,015 2,542 6,103 2 4 16 14 5 3 61 6 32 8 26 42 23 39 17 19 19 20 9 21 8,640 8,120 7,273 6,956 5,649 5,633 5,146 3,874 3,793 3,373 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Insurance carriers and related activities………………… Professional and technical services…………………… Paper manufacturing……………………………………… Printing and related support activities…………………… Machinery manufacturing………………………………… Construction of buildings………………………………… Plastics and rubber products manufacturing…………… Specialty trade contractors……………………………… Accommodation…………………………………………… Furniture and related product manufacturing…………… 524 541 322 323 333 236 326 238 721 337 9 28 21 22 30 11 30 15 13 28 1,862 5,211 2,431 3,673 6,362 1,930 4,635 1,695 2,611 4,361 40 11 33 22 7 39 15 41 29 17 9 15 14 12 11 8 16 12 9 5 2,824 2,634 2,594 2,171 2,102 2,081 2,038 2,015 1,926 1,915 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods……………… Nursing and residential care facilities…………………… Miscellaneous manufacturing…………………………… Merchant wholesalers, durable goods………………… Nonstore retailers………………………………………… Fabricated metal product manufacturing……………… Chemical manufacturing………………………………… Transit and ground passenger transportation………… Apparel manufacturing…………………………………… Clothing and clothing accessories stores……………… 424 623 339 423 454 332 325 485 315 448 15 5 12 31 8 31 18 9 23 30 2,417 504 2,182 5,072 1,243 4,844 2,590 1,452 4,032 5,921 34 65 36 12 48 13 30 44 20 9 11 14 8 15 1,886 1,705 1,672 1,575 (3) 12 10 4 10 11 (3) 1,539 1,533 1,464 1,441 1,377 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Management of companies and enterprises…………… Electrical equipment and appliance mfg.……………… Truck transportation……………………………………… Amusements, gambling, and recreation………………… Electronics and appliance stores………………………… Personal and laundry services…………………………… Air transportation………………………………………… Real estate………………………………………………… Publishing industries, except Internet…………………… Support activities for transportation……………………… 551 335 484 713 443 812 481 531 511 488 7 17 19 4 33 5 6 6 16 6 1,098 4,106 3,456 639 23,489 538 1,124 2,075 2,548 842 53 19 24 60 1 63 52 38 31 55 5 7 9 4 5 7 4 7 6 6 1,241 1,085 1,034 1,019 976 974 927 897 886 885 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Mining, except oil and gas……………………………… Primary metal manufacturing…………………………… Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing…………… Miscellaneous store retailers…………………………… Telecommunications……………………………………… Textile mills………………………………………………… Wood product manufacturing…………………………… Textile product mills……………………………………… Sporting goods, hobby, book and music stores……… Warehousing and storage………………………………… 212 331 327 453 517 313 321 314 451 493 12 20 12 8 9 14 33 7 13 12 2,732 4,181 1,467 1,157 1,674 2,632 5,709 1,344 2,924 2,289 27 18 43 51 42 28 10 46 25 35 6 6 6 5 5 797 780 744 695 5 4 3 5 ( ) 599 598 590 564 1 Industries are ranked by the number of separations in 2010. 2 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 3 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 33 3 ( ) 812 3 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Table 33. Permanent worksite closures: over-the-year comparisons of extended mass layoff events and separations by state, private nonfarm sector, 2009–2010 State 1 Total, private nonfarm …………………………………… Layoffs 2009 2010 Separations Change 2009 2010 Change 1,099 602 -497 237,333 119,233 -118,100 Alabama ………………………………………………………… Alaska ………………………………………………………… Arizona ………………………………………………………… Arkansas ……………………………………………………… California ……………………………………………………… Colorado ……………………………………………………… Connecticut …………………………………………………… Delaware ……………………………………………………… District of Columbia …………………………………………… Florida ………………………………………………………… Georgia ………………………………………………………… Hawaii ………………………………………………………… Idaho …………………………………………………………… 21 (2) 11 8 183 11 12 4 (2) 115 57 3 3 10 (2) 4 4 145 11 10 (2) – 34 39 (2) (2) -11 (2) -7 -4 -38 0 -2 2 ( ) (2) -81 -18 (2) (2) 4,676 (2) 2,441 1,938 46,616 2,359 2,664 1,329 (2) 19,830 11,082 319 648 1,597 (2) 375 383 32,992 2,324 4,613 2 ( ) – 5,965 4,782 (2) (2) -3,079 (2) -2,066 -1,555 -13,624 -35 1,949 2 ( ) (2) -13,865 -6,300 (2) (2) Illinois …………………………………………………………… Indiana ………………………………………………………… Iowa ................................................................................... Kansas ………………………………………………………… Kentucky ……………………………………………………… Louisiana ……………………………………………………… Maine …………………………………………………………… Maryland ……………………………………………………… Massachusetts ………………………………………………… Michigan ……………………………………………………… Minnesota ……………………………………………………… Mississippi ……………………………………………………… Missouri ………………………………………………………… 75 40 12 5 25 7 5 6 17 20 6 13 34 32 7 5 5 11 6 4 (2) 13 (2) 5 10 16 -43 -33 -7 0 -14 -1 -1 (2) -4 (2) -1 -3 -18 13,295 9,681 1,508 628 4,085 1,906 697 937 2,907 3,216 1,055 2,807 5,169 5,913 1,219 2,332 1,410 1,650 900 446 (2) 2,110 (2) 861 2,579 2,612 -7,382 -8,462 824 782 -2,435 -1,006 -251 (2) -797 (2) -194 -228 -2,557 Montana ………………………………………………………… Nebraska ……………………………………………………… Nevada .............................................................................. New Hampshire ................................................................. New Jersey ........................................................................ New Mexico ....................................................................... New York ……………………………………………………… North Carolina ………………………………………………… North Dakota …………………………………………………… Ohio …………………………………………………………… Oklahoma ……………………………………………………… Oregon ………………………………………………………… Pennsylvania …………………………………………………… 4 4 10 4 36 7 47 45 – 54 9 8 28 (2) (2) 4 (2) 26 3 36 17 (2) 23 3 9 20 (2) 2 ( ) -6 2 ( ) -10 -4 -11 -28 (2) -31 -6 1 -8 333 1,266 2,351 979 7,978 1,181 10,503 6,352 – 11,203 2,266 1,156 12,887 (2) 2 ( ) 870 2 ( ) 4,913 1,061 6,547 1,888 (2) 3,997 875 1,501 3,317 (2) 2 ( ) -1,481 2 ( ) -3,065 -120 -3,956 -4,464 (2) -7,206 -1,391 345 -9,570 Rhode Island …………………………………………………… South Carolina ………………………………………………… South Dakota ………………………………………………… Tennessee ……………………………………………………… Texas …………………………………………………………… Utah …………………………………………………………… Vermont ………………………………………………………… Virginia ………………………………………………………… Washington …………………………………………………… West Virginia …………………………………………………… Wisconsin ……………………………………………………… Wyoming ……………………………………………………… 5 9 (2) 24 28 7 (2) 17 19 9 25 – – 4 – 15 18 (2) – 18 5 (2) 12 (2) -5 -5 2 ( ) -9 -10 2 ( ) (2) 1 -14 2 ( ) -13 (2) 471 930 2 ( ) 3,528 10,677 1,900 (2) 3,535 4,657 2,328 7,873 – – 764 – 2,582 4,580 2 ( ) – 2,975 983 (2) 2,554 (2) -471 -166 2 ( ) -946 -6,097 2 ( ) (2) -560 -3,674 (2) -5,319 (2) 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Data do not meet BLS or state agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 34 Table 34. Permanent worksite closures: the 25 metropolitan areas with the largest number of initial claimants associated with extended mass layoff events in 2010, by residency of claimants, private nonfarm sector 2009 Metropolitan Area Initial claims 2 2010 Rank1 Initial claims Rank1 Total, 372 metropolitan areas ……………………………………… 158,033 … 99,285 … Total, 25 highest ranking metropolitan areas ………………………… 87,313 … 62,777 … Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, Calif.……………………………… New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, N.Y.-N.J.-Pa.…………… San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, Calif.………………………………… Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, Calif.………………………………… Chicago-Joliet-Naperville, Ill.-Ind.-Wis.…………………………………… Sacramento—Arden-Arcade—Roseville, Calif.………………………… San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, Calif.………………………………… Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, Ga.…………………………………… 12,313 8,799 5,466 6,427 5,939 2,738 2,190 6,105 1 2 6 3 5 9 16 4 9,249 7,162 6,390 5,067 4,344 3,323 2,706 2,566 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, Calif.………………………………… Stockton, Calif.……………………………………………………………… Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, Texas……………………………………… Modesto, Calif.……………………………………………………………… Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, Texas…………………………………… Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, Fla.…………………………… Sioux City, Iowa-Neb.-S.D.………………………………………………… Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, Pa.-N.J.-Del.-Md.………………… 2,433 976 1,500 1,153 1,515 4,623 15 1,737 13 33 21 29 20 7 318 18 2,566 2,378 2,349 1,493 1,448 1,429 1,414 1,343 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, Fla.………………………………… St. Louis, Mo.-Ill.…………………………………………………………… Fresno, Calif.………………………………………………………………… Portland-Vancouver-Hillsboro, Ore.-Wash.……………………………… Bakersfield-Delano, Calif.………………………………………………… Hartford-West Hartford-East Hartford, Conn.…………………………… Bridgeport-Stamford-Norwalk, Conn.…………………………………… Virginia Beach-Norfolk-Newport News, Va.-N.C.……………………… Denver-Aurora-Broomfield, Colo.………………………….……………… 3,726 2,210 1,310 338 633 440 344 637 961 8 15 27 99 55 76 94 54 34 1,016 991 990 897 834 723 715 712 672 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 1 Metropolitan areas are ranked by the number of initial claims in 2010. 2 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. NOTE: The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan areas shown in this table are defined in the U.S. Office of Management and Budget Bulletin 10-22, December 01, 2009. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 35 Table 35. Selected business functions involved in nonseasonal extended mass layoff events, 2009–2010 (Number of reports) Selected business functions by business process 1 Total 2009 Main 2010 2009 Secondary 2010 2009 2010 Total2 ……………………………………………..…………………………… 18,861 8,088 6,632 3,436 12,229 4,652 Producing goods/providing services Construction activities …………………………………………………… Producing goods ………………………………………………………… Providing services ………………………………………………………… 1,513 2,345 347 1,103 762 305 1,426 2,173 193 1,042 694 187 87 172 154 61 68 118 414 435 397 93 589 129 187 182 31 324 93 76 33 10 119 70 383 111 304 17 556 119 68 112 (3) 73 24 56 39 24 6 200 34 93 41 8 57 79 27 93 4 32 19 24 (3) 27 109 42 117 32 128 114 95 15 164 52 29 62 5 14 48 10 55 24 Accounting services ……………………………………………………… Contracted services ……………………………………………………… Engineering services ……………………………………………………… Entertainment services …………………………………………………… Facility maintenance services …………………………………………… Financial management …………………………………………………… Financial services ………………………………………………………… Food and cafeteria services ……………………………………………… Gaming services ………………………………………………………… Health care services ……………………………………………………… Housekeeping services ………………………………………………… Lodging services ………………………………………………………… Maintaining and repairing products …………………………………… Security services ………………………………………………………… (3) 100 133 98 156 56 134 314 129 108 205 60 86 141 32 107 52 42 74 48 Assembling products ……………………………………………………… Fabricating ………………………………………………………………… Quality assurance/quality control ……………………………………… Supervision—first line or direct ………………………………………… 554 544 490 852 157 143 178 345 236 408 3 3 39 91 1 – 318 136 487 849 118 52 177 345 Procurement, logistics, distribution Buying ……………………………………………………………………… Distribution ………………………………………………………………… Packing …………………………………………………………………… Receiving ………………………………………………………………… Shipping …………………………………………………………………… Transporting ……………………………………………………………… Warehousing ……………………………………………………………… 163 290 228 342 590 374 466 39 136 101 107 181 163 186 4 60 18 1 56 120 73 3 25 9 1 17 64 40 159 230 210 341 534 254 393 36 111 92 106 164 99 146 General management and firm infrastructure Administrative and clerical support ……………………………………… General management …………………………………………………… 2,099 1,050 590 418 103 52 72 27 1,996 998 518 391 Human resource management Human resources, including recruiting ………………………………… Payroll and compensation ……………………………………………… Training …………………………………………………………………… 619 190 44 256 97 39 5 3 7 10 7 10 614 187 37 246 90 29 Marketing, sales, customer accounts Advertising ………………………………………………………………… Billing ……………………………………………………………………… Marketing ………………………………………………………………… Order processing ………………………………………………………… Selling ……………………………………………………………………… Telemarketing …………………………………………………………… 71 123 214 221 622 28 34 47 70 97 230 30 21 – 12 10 371 17 5 1 8 4 147 16 50 123 202 211 251 11 29 46 62 93 83 14 Customer and after-sales service Call center activities ……………………………………………………… Customer service ………………………………………………………… Installing products ………………………………………………………… Technical support ………………………………………………………… 136 534 64 155 87 260 40 66 83 63 10 8 53 41 3 2 53 471 54 147 34 219 37 64 Technology and process development Computer systems development ……………………………………… Computer systems maintenance ……………………………………… Data processing …………………………………………………………… Internet web services …………………………………………………… Software development and testing ……………………………………… Software and IT services ………………………………………………… 43 62 65 17 53 224 26 32 35 12 27 74 11 3 4 5 19 25 14 4 6 1 9 13 32 59 61 12 34 199 12 28 29 11 18 61 Other business functions …………………………………………………… 160 83 54 53 106 30 Other Events with nonstandard functions reported …………………………… Refusal4 ……………………………………………………………………… Does not know5 ……………………………………………………………… 797 31 135 214 2 28 543 31 135 137 2 28 254 – – 77 – – 1 Business functions reported in this table were the most frequently cited functions in 2007. Functions are grouped by business process without regard to the industry of the establishment. Therefore, the process "operations" does not appear. 2 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 3 Data collection for this business function began with first-quarter 2010 data. 4 Excludes events in which the employer refused to participate in any part of the employer interview. 5 Excludes events in which contact with the employer was not possible. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 36 Table 36. Business processes involved in extended mass layoff events, by reason for layoff, 2009–20101 Core processes Support processes Extended mass layoff events Total business processes 7,247 8,624 55 617 5,519 239 314 498 1,004 266 112 2,515 3,398 16 194 2,335 99 88 176 335 107 48 148 252 1 16 133 5 10 17 46 14 10 1,146 1,366 2 49 1,083 24 30 63 73 30 12 Domestic competition ………………………………… 8 20 – 2 8 – 3 1 4 2 – Excess inventory/saturated market ………………… 13 27 – 7 12 1 3 1 2 1 – Import competition …………………………………… 7 19 – 5 6 6 1 – 1 – – 26 Reason Strategic management Procurement, logistics, distribution Operations Marketing, General Customer and Human Technology Product sales, management after-sales resource and process development account and firm service management development management infrastructure 2010 Total business process …………………………………… Business demand ………………………………………… Contract cancellation ………………………………… Contract completion …………………………………… Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal 1,193 1,714 13 115 1,093 63 41 94 209 60 Organizational changes ………………………………… business slowdown ……………………………… 397 811 19 65 322 31 58 76 164 49 27 Business-ownership change ………………………… 96 200 5 14 77 6 12 19 42 15 10 Reorganization or restructuring of company ……… 301 611 14 51 245 25 46 57 122 34 17 Financial issues ………………………………………… 511 1,073 17 108 441 35 82 84 208 69 29 Bankruptcy …………………………………………… 60 148 7 14 54 4 9 13 28 16 3 Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ……… 291 622 7 68 242 24 55 47 124 33 22 Financial difficulty ……………………………………… 4 160 303 3 26 145 7 18 24 56 20 Production specific ……………………………………… 54 97 1 9 48 5 3 4 17 9 1 Disaster/safety …………………………………………… 24 42 – 5 20 – 3 3 6 4 1 Seasonal ………………………………………………… 2,417 3,078 1 234 2,278 68 76 142 253 23 3 Other/miscellaneous …………………………………… 1,329 125 1 2 75 1 4 13 21 5 3 11,824 14,820 (2) 1,148 8,918 398 629 533 2,122 619 453 5,403 7,979 (2) 5,154 192 251 197 1,097 316 250 250 433 (2) 522 29 231 10 13 16 83 22 29 1,210 1,435 ( ) 52 1,171 14 22 18 99 36 23 ( ) 2009 Total business process …………………………………… Business demand ………………………………………… Contract cancellation ………………………………… Contract completion …………………………………… 2 2 Domestic competition ………………………………… 12 25 Excess inventory/saturated market ………………… 84 150 (2) Import competition …………………………………… 22 60 ( ) Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal 1 12 – 2 2 4 2 2 28 80 10 6 4 14 2 6 10 22 2 3 1 11 6 5 2 185 2 3,825 5,876 ( ) 402 3,638 156 205 156 886 248 Organizational changes ………………………………… 573 1,241 (2) 481 37 90 79 274 99 60 Business-ownership change ………………………… 113 251 (2) 121 5 16 17 57 25 12 business slowdown ……………………………… 2 21 98 Reorganization or restructuring of company ……… 460 990 ( ) 100 383 32 74 62 217 74 48 Financial issues ………………………………………… 1,074 2,374 (2) 247 947 106 196 141 463 159 115 16 (2) Bankruptcy …………………………………………… 178 478 Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ……… 615 1,253 (2) Financial difficulty ……………………………………… 281 643 Production specific ……………………………………… 62 Disaster/safety …………………………………………… 56 158 8 50 44 97 49 128 534 74 104 55 241 54 63 ( ) 63 255 24 42 42 125 56 36 129 (2) 14 60 6 6 5 24 8 6 19 24 (2) 2 18 2 – – 2 – – Seasonal ………………………………………………… 2,211 2,782 (2) 225 2,108 45 75 92 213 19 5 Other/miscellaneous …………………………………… 2,482 291 (2) 17 150 10 11 19 49 18 17 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Identification of data by this business process began with first-quarter 2010 data. 2 NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 37 Table 37. Number of business processes affected in nonseasonal extended mass layoffs, 2009–20101 Business Processes Total 2009 Main 2010 2009 Secondary 2010 2009 2010 Total, private nonfarm Core processes ……………………………………………………………… 9,081 4,443 6,954 3,458 2,127 Strategic management …………………………………………………… ( ) 54 ( ) – ( ) 54 Procurement, logistics, and distribution ………………………………… 923 383 69 43 854 340 Operations ………………………………………………………………… 2 2 2 985 6,810 3,241 6,657 3,152 153 89 Product development …………………………………………………… 353 171 32 15 321 156 Marketing, sales, and account management ………………………… 554 238 127 68 427 170 Customer and after-sales service ……………………………………… 441 356 69 180 372 176 Support processes ………………………………………………………… 2,957 1,103 221 115 2,736 988 1,909 751 152 92 1,757 659 Human resources management ………………………………………… 600 243 30 13 570 230 Technology and process development ………………………………… 448 109 39 10 409 99 166 30 166 30 – – Core processes ……………………………………………………………… 5,427 2,270 4,258 1,831 1,169 439 Strategic management …………………………………………………… (2) 23 (2) Procurement, logistics, and distribution ……………………………..… 591 214 20 15 Operations ………………………………………………………………… General management and firm infrastructure ………………………… 3 Business function not provided …………………………………………… Goods-producing industries (2) 23 571 199 4,245 1,793 4,204 1,773 41 20 Product development …………………………………………………… 246 101 11 7 235 94 Marketing, sales, and account management ………………………… 210 67 19 6 191 61 Customer and after-sales service ……………………………………… 135 72 4 30 131 42 1,662 492 50 30 1,612 462 1,041 325 35 25 1,006 300 Human resources management ………………………………………… 328 106 1 – 327 106 Technology and process development ………………………………… 293 61 14 5 279 56 48 8 48 8 – – Core processes ……………………………………………………………… 3,654 2,173 2,696 1,627 958 546 Strategic management …………………………………………………… (2) 31 (2) – (2) 31 Procurement, logistics, and distribution ………………………………… 332 169 49 28 283 141 Operations ………………………………………….……………………… 69 Support processes ………………………………………………………… General management and firm infrastructure ………………………… 3 Business function not provided …………………………………………… Service-providing industries 2,565 1,448 2,453 1,379 112 Product development …………………………………………………… 107 70 21 8 86 62 Marketing, sales, and account management ………………………… 344 171 108 62 236 109 Customer and after-sales service ……………………………………… 306 284 65 150 241 134 Support processes ………………………………………………………… 1,295 611 171 85 1,124 526 General management and firm infrastructure ………………………… 868 426 117 67 751 359 Human resources management ………………………………………… 272 137 29 13 243 124 Technology and process development ………………………………… 155 48 25 5 130 43 118 22 118 22 – – 3 Business function not provided …………………………………………… 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all states and the District of Columbia. 2 Identification of data by this business process began with first-quarter 2010 data. 3 The number of events for which respondents were unable or refused to provide a business function response. Layoff events where employer contact could not be made or where employers refused to participate in the employer interview are not included. NOTE: Dash represents zero. SOURCE: Bureau of Labor Statistics, Mass Layoff Statistics Program 38 Technical Note T Clothing manufacturing and distribution. Industries involved in the production and distribution of clothing. These industries include textile mills, apparel manufacturing, footwear manufacturing, apparel and piece goods merchant wholesalers, clothing stores, shoe stores, department stores, and formal wear and costume rental. he Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a federalstate program that uses a standardized, automated approach to identifying, describing, and tracking the effects of major job cutbacks, using data from each state’s unemployment insurance (UI) database. Employers that have at least 50 initial claims for unemployment insurance filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period are contacted by the state agency to determine whether these separations are of at least 31 days duration, and, if so, information is obtained on the total number of persons separated and the reasons for these separations. Employers are identified according to industry classification and location; unemployment insurance claimants are identified by such demographic factors as age, race, sex, ethnic group, and place of residence. The MLS program yields information on an individual’s entire spell of unemployment, to the point at which regular unemployment insurance benefits are exhausted. Beginning with data for 2004, the scope of extended mass layoffs and plant closings was redefined to cover only the private nonfarm economy. Therefore, extended mass layoff information for agriculture and government are no longer collected. With the release of the extended mass layoff data from the first quarter of 2007, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) introduced improvements to the presentation of data on economic reasons for extended mass layoffs. Thus, reason data beginning with the first quarter of 2007 are not strictly comparable to data from previous quarters. This report uses the new metropolitan area definitions as published in the Office of Management and Budget Bulletin 10-02 and the 2007 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) definitions. Continued claim. A claim filed after the initial claim, by mail, telephone, or in person, for a waiting-period credit or payment for a certified week of unemployment. The MLS program collects continued claims for 1 week each month— generally the calendar week that includes the 12th day of the month and is referred to as the reference week because of its use in the Current Population Survey (CPS) as the basis for monthly unemployment. Employer. A firm covered by state unemployment insurance laws at which one predominant type of economic activity is conducted. Extended mass layoff event. A layoff defined by the filing of 50 or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an employer during a 5-week period, with at least 50 workers separated for more than 30 days. Such layoffs involve both people subject to recall and those who are terminated. Final payment. The last payment received by a person who has exhausted all of his or her regular unemployment insurance benefits. Food processing and distribution. Industries that are involved in the production and distribution of food. These industries include food manufacturing, beverage manufacturing, grocery and related product wholesalers, farm product raw material merchant wholesalers, alcoholic beverage merchant wholesalers, farm supplies merchant wholesalers, food and beverage stores, food (health) supplement stores, refrigerated warehousing and storage, farm product warehousing and storage, veterinary services, and food services and drinking places. Definitions Business functions. Those specific activities that a firm performs in order to produce products, provide service, or otherwise achieve objectives. Business processes. Broad-based categories, consisting of business functions, which cover the full range of activities a firm engages in to conduct business. Currently the MLS program codes functions into nine business processes: strategic management; procurement, logistics, and distribution; operations; product development; marketing, sales, and account management; customer and after-sales service; general management and firm infrastructure; human resource management; and technology and process development. Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of eligibility. 39 Layoff. The separation of people from an employer as part of a mass layoff event. Such layoffs involve both people who are subject to recall and those who are terminated. lasted for more than 30 days. An analyst must also obtain the total number of workers separated from jobs, the date the layoff began, and the economic reason for layoff. If the reason for layoff is other than seasonal work or vacation period, the employer is asked the following: Mass layoff. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits filed against an employer during a 5-week period, regardless of the duration of the layoff. (1) “Did this layoff include your company moving work from this location(s) to a different geographic location(s) within your company?” Movement-of-work action. Employer-confirmed relocation of work within the same company or to other companies, domestically or outside the United States. Because employers may cite more than one location to which work is moving, a layoff event may have more than one action associated with it. (2) “Did this layoff include your company moving work that was performed in-house by your employees to a different company, through contractual arrangements?” A “yes” response to either question is followed by two questions: “Is the location inside or outside of the United States?” and “How many of the layoffs were a result of this relocation?” Layoff actions are classified as “overseas relocation” if the employer responds “yes” to questions 1 and/or 2, and indicates that the location(s) was outside of the United States. Domestic relocation is determined if the employer responds “yes” to questions 1 and/or 2 and indicates that the location(s) was within the United States. After asking the movement-of-work questions, the employer interview continues and responses are obtained for questions on recall expectations and open/closed status of the worksite. Movement-of-work. The work activities performed at a worksite by the company’s employees are reassigned in one of the following ways: 1) to another worksite within the company; 2) to another company under formal arrangements at the same worksite; or 3) to another company under formal arrangements at another worksite. Movement-of-work separations. The number of separations specifically associated with movement-of-work actions. Relocation-of-work action. A movement-of-work action in which the employer provides information on the new location of work and/or the number of workers affected by the movement. Layoff events may involve more than one action per employer if work moved to more than one location. Business functions and business processes Business functions are the specific activities that a firm performs in order to produce its products or provide its services. During the MLS interview, employers are asked to identify all the functions performed by the workers who were laid off. Thus, the collection of business functions allows for a broader assessment of the impact of the layoffs than the industry classification alone. Many different business functions have been reported by employers. In order to better understand how these functions are involved in the firm’s operations, a set of nine business processes (strategic management; procurement, logistics, and distribution; operations; product development; marketing, sales, and account management; customer and after-sales service; general management and firm infrastructure; human resources management; technology and process development) was identified to define the full range of activities a firm engages in to conduct its business. All functions can be assigned to a process, depending upon the industry of the establishment. The nine processes are grouped into core business processes and support business processes. Thus, it is possible to report both the number of business functions and business processes affected by extended mass layoffs over time and cross tabulate the data using other information, such as reason for layoff and industry. For a more complete description of the collection and definition of business functions and processes in the MLS program, see the article “Business Separations. The number of people who have become displaced during an extended mass layoff event according to the employer, regardless of whether they file for unemployment insurance or not. Worksite closure. The complete closure of an employer or the partial closure of an employer with multiple locations where entire worksites affected by layoffs are closed. Movement-of-work concepts and questions Because of the employer interview, BLS decided to use the MLS program as a vehicle for collecting additional information on offshoring and outsourcing associated with job loss, by adding questions that address movement of work. (Prior to 2004, “overseas relocation” and “domestic relocation” were economic reasons for layoffs and were used in extended mass layoff news releases. These reasons were eliminated with the collection of movement-of-work data; therefore, the current data are not comparable to the data from this earlier period.) Questions on movement of work and location are asked for all identified layoff events when the reason for separation is other than “seasonal work” or “vacation period.” Seasonal and vacation layoff events are unlikely to result in work relocation. Before questions on movement of work are asked, an analyst must verify that a layoff has in fact occurred, and has 40 Processes and Business Functions: a new way of looking at employment” from the December 2008 issue of the Monthly Labor Review (http://www.bls.gov/opub/mlr/2008/12/art3full.pdf). information for all respondents, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For 2010, outright refusal to participate in the employer interview accounted for 4.4 percent of all private nonfarm events. Although included in the total number of instances involving the movement of work, employers in 117 relocations were unable to provide the number of separations specifically associated with the movement of work, 20 of which involved out-of-country moves. Reliability of the data The identification of employers, layoff events, and characteristics of claimants in the MLS program is based on administrative data for employers and workers covered by unemployment insurance. Therefore, these data are not subject to issues associated with sampling error. Nonsampling errors such as typographical errors may occur but are not likely to be significant. Although the employers and layoff events in the MLS program are not subject to sampling error, and all such private nonfarm employers are asked the same employer interview questions, the employer responses are subject to nonsampling error. A nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the inability to obtain Additional information Material in this report is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be used without permission. The information in this report is available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: 1 (800) 877-8339. Email address: mlsinfo@bls.gov. 41
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