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Extended Mass Layoffs in 2008 BLS U.S. Department of Labor U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics June 2010 Report 1024 Introduction The U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) conducts the Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program to provide information on largescale private nonfarm layoff events and on the characteristics of dislocated workers. Each month, BLS reports on the number of mass layoff events. Each quarter there is a separate report on the number and characteristics of extended mass layoffs, which are those private nonfarm mass layoffs that last more than 30 days. This report summarizes the data on extended layoffs for all of 2008, providing information on the industry, geographic distribution, and size of private nonfarm mass layoffs; the demographic characteristics of those claiming unemployment insurance; the duration of certified unemployment; the expectation of recall; the extent of permanent worksite closures; and the movement-ofwork actions taken by employers. In 2008, employers laid off about 1.5 million workers in 8,263 private nonfarm extended mass layoff events. Both layoff events and separations rose sharply from 2007. The number of layoff events in 2008 registered at the highest level since annual data became available in 1996, and separations registered at the second highest level since 1996. Most of the increase in 2008 layoff activity occurred in the fourth quarter. (See table 1.) In terms of worker separations, historic highs for the data series were reached in 7 of 18 industry sectors, 3 of 9 geographic divisions, and 14 States. Layoffs attributed to business demand factors (especially slack work or insufficient demand) accounted for more than 500,000 worker separations, the highest annual level on record. In 2008, 60,950 workers lost their jobs in extended mass layoffs because their employers moved work to other U.S. locations or to locations outside of the United States, nearly one-third higher than the number of workers in the same position in 2007. Layoff activity involving permanent worksite closures accounted for 11 percent of all extended mass layoff events and affected 216,322 workers in 2008. Forty-one percent of employers reporting an extended mass layoff in 2008 indicated they anticipated some type of recall of workers, the lowest proportion since 2001. In 2008, the average national unemployment rate was 5.8 percent; a year earlier, it was 4.6 percent. Private nonfarm payroll employment decreased by less than 1 percent, or 1,099,000 jobs, from 2007 to 2008. Extended mass layoffs, as defined by the MLS program, refer to layoffs of at least 31 days' duration that involve the filing of initial claims for unemployment insurance by 50 or more individuals from a single establishment during a period of 5 consecutive weeks. Since 2004, the detailed reports no longer cover Government and agricultural layoffs. This report uses the new metropoli- tan area definitions as published in the Office of Management and Budget Bulletin 09-01. Additional information about the program is provided in the Technical Note that follows the tables. Highlights Industry distribution of 2008 mass layoffs • Manufacturing establishments accounted for 31 percent of extended mass layoff events and 32 percent of all separations in 2008, up from 25 percent for both events and separations in 2007. The percentages of events and separations in 2008 were the highest for manufacturing since 2003 and 2002, respectively. Within the manufacturing industry, transportation equipment (largely automobiles) and food processing (mostly fruit and vegetable canning and fresh and frozen seafood processing) firms accounted for 45 percent of the separations in 2008. The number of separations due to extended mass layoffs increased in 19 of 21 manufacturing subsectors from 2007 to 2008, led by transportation equipment (increasing by 96,038), food products (increasing by 20,404), wood products (increasing by 16,987), and fabricated metals (increasing by 15,282). (See tables 2 and 3.) • Construction (mainly in specialty trade contractors and in heavy and civil engineering) accounted for 21 percent of private nonfarm mass layoff events and 14 percent of separations in 2008. The number of laid-off construction workers reached a historic high at 205,327, with annual data available back to 1996. (See table 2.). Sixty-nine percent of all construction layoffs were due to the completion of contracts and the ending of seasonal work. Employers expected a recall in 56 percent of the construction layoff events, the second lowest percentage on record for the industry. • Administrative and waste services accounted for 8 percent of layoff events and 9 percent of separations, largely due to business demand reasons in the administrative and support services subsector. (See table 2.) In 2008, the number of mass layoff separations (141,034) in administrative and support services reached their highest levels since 2003. • Manufacturers and distributors of clothing reported extended mass layoffs of 69,328 workers, up 91 percent from 2007. (See table 2.) Layoffs due to financial issues accounted for the largest number of separations in this selected industry grouping (19,973), followed by layoffs due to seasonal rea- 1 1 Extended MassLayoff Layoff Separations, by Reason Categories 2001-08 Extended Mass Separations, by Reason Categories 2001–08 600,000 500,000 400,000 300,000 200,000 , 100,000 0 2001 2002 Seasonal Financial issues 1 2003 2004 2005 Business demand Production specific 2006 2007 2008 Organizational changes Disaster/Safety The chart excludes information on layoffs due to other/miscellaneous reasons. sons (16,744). In the clothing grouping, the West registered the highest number of laid-off workers (29,297), followed by the South (16,362). • At the three-digit NAICS industry level, general merchandise stores moved into the top 10 in terms of worker separations in 2008, with food and beverage stores dropping from the top 10. (See table 4.) • Employers involved in food processing and distribution, excluding agriculture, accounted for 10 percent (152,928) of private nonfarm separations due to extended mass layoffs in 2008. The number of such separations decreased slightly when compared with the 2007 levels. (See tables 2 and 3.) • Among the six-digit NAICS industries, professional employer organizations and discount department stores moved into the top 10 in terms of separations, replacing child day care services and supermarkets and other grocery stores. (See table 5.) • In 2008, 17 of the 19 major sectors posted over-the-year increases in separations when compared with 2007. Manufacturing recorded the largest increase in extended mass layoff separations between 2007 and 2008 (a change of 242,868), followed by administrative and waste services (85,228) and construction (49,926). (See table 3.) Reason for layoff • Based on the seven categories of economic reasons for extended mass layoffs, events related to business demand factors (contract cancellation, contract completion, domestic competition, excess inventory, import completion, and slack work) accounted for 41 percent of layoff events and 34 percent of separations, the highest percentages of both events and separations for this category since 1996. (See table 6 and the chart.) Within the business demand group, slack work/insufficient demand and contract completion accounted for 93 percent of the events and 92 percent of separations. Both layoff events and separations due to slack work/insufficient demand more than tripled in 2008, and those due to a contract cancellation more than doubled. • Among the 87 three-digit NAICS-coded industry groups in the private nonfarm economy identified in the MLS program, 71 posted increases in the number of separated workers during 2008. Of these, transportation equipment manufacturing recorded the largest increase (96,038), followed by administrative and support services (84,673) and general merchandise stores (25,359). Eleven industries registered decreases, led by food and beverage stores with 52,788 fewer separated workers than the previous year. 2 of work in 2008. The Midwest recorded the largest overthe-year percentage increase (76 percent), followed by the West (45 percent) and the South (1 percent). • In 2008, seasonal reasons accounted for 24 percent of all extended mass layoff events and 26 percent of separations, down from 35 percent of events and 38 percent of separations in 2007. (See table 6.) Heavy civil engineering construction and food services and drinking places had the largest number of worker separations due to the ending of seasonal work. • Benefit exhaustion rates were higher for claimants in layoffs involving the movement of work than for nonseasonal and nonvacation layoffs with no movement of work. Over one-quarter of such claimants received final payments in 2008. Also, in movement-of-work events, the claimants in the oldest age category (55 years and older) were the most likely to exhaust their benefits. (See table 12.) • The largest over-the-year increases in layoffs, categorized by reason for layoff, occurred because of business demand factors (268,866). This increase was primarily due to more layoff activity in administrative and support services and in transportation equipment manufacturing. Employers citing financial issues reported the next highest increase in laidoff workers (64,096). Layoffs due to organizational changes had the only decrease, though slight, in worker separations (826) compared with 2007. (See tables 6 and 7.) • In the 332 layoff events involving movement of work, 443 relocations of work were identified. (Movement of work can involve more than one relocation.) Of these 443 relocations, employers were able to provide information on the specific number of separations associated with the movement-ofwork component of the layoff in 319 actions, or 72 percent of the total actions for 2008. Thus, a range of 35,076 (the number of separations in movement-of-work actions where the employer was able to provide specific detail) to 60,950 (the total number of separations in all layoff events that included movement of work) is established for separations due to the movement of work in 2008. (See table 13.) • California accounted for the largest number of separations due to business demand factors, followed by Florida, Illinois, Ohio, and Michigan. (See table 8.) Movement of Work • Movement of work occurred in 332 extended mass layoff events in 2008. This was 5 percent of all nonseasonal and nonvacation-period extended mass layoff events and resulted in the separation of 60,950 workers. Compared with 2007, the number of events and associated job separations involving movement of work increased by 24 percent and 31 percent, respectively. (See tables 9 and 13.) • Of the 319 actions with separations reported, domestic relocations of work accounted for 223 actions (70 percent of the total) and resulted in the separation of 23,370 workers. Ninety percent of the domestic actions and the associated separations were the result of moving work within the same company. For domestic relocations, employers cited Texas more than any other State as the location to which work was moving, followed by California, Tennessee, Illinois, and Michigan. (See table 14.) • Among the 332 layoff events with reported relocation of work in 2008, 60 percent involved the permanent closure of worksites, which affected 38,594 workers. In sharp contrast, only 12 percent of the nonseasonal and nonvacation mass layoffs where there was no movement of work involved a permanent closure. • Manufacturing industries (largely transportation equipment, computer and electronic products, and electrical equipment and appliance) accounted for 66 percent of events and 67 percent of separations in which work was moved. In contrast, manufacturing accounted for only 35 percent of events and 36 percent of separations in nonseasonal and nonvacation mass layoffs with no movement of work. (See table 9.) • Organizational change (business ownership change and reorganization or restructuring of a company) was cited as the economic reason for layoff in 46 percent of events and 43 percent of separations associated with the movement of work. Among nonseasonal and nonvacation mass layoffs with no movement of work, 6 percent of events and 9 percent of separations were due to organizational change. (See table 10.) • The Midwest led all regions in terms of separations associated with movement of work (24,658), followed by the South (15,439). (See table 11.) All regions, except the Northeast, experienced over-the-year increases in the number of laid-off workers in events involving some movement • Among the 319 relocations of work with separations reported, out-of-country relocations accounted for 30 percent of the movement-of-work actions; 11,431 workers were laid off as a result of those relocations. Eighty-seven percent of the out-of-the-country actions and 91 percent of the separations were due to relocations within the same company. (See table 14.) In 71 percent of cases, employers reported that they had moved the work to Mexico or China. Size of layoff • Smaller sized layoffs—those involving fewer than 150 workers in the layoff event—accounted for 65 percent of the total 8,263 events in 2008, the second highest percentage for this category in MLS program history. These smaller layoff events, however, accounted for only 31 percent of all separations, down from 33 percent in 2007. On the other end of the spectrum, 424 layoff events involving 500 or more workers, or 5 percent of the total events in 2008, accounted for 30 percent of all separations. (See table 15.) • The average number of separations per layoff event in 2008 was 184, up from 180 in 2007. Among private sector employers, the arts, entertainment, and recreation industry recorded the largest average number of separations per event 3 (294 workers), followed by professional and technical services (262 workers) and retail trade (252 workers). Establishments with the smallest average layoff size were those in construction (119 workers), followed by the real estate and rental and leasing industry and by the other services, except public administration industry (125 workers each). (See table 16.) tertainment, and recreation (28 percent); and transportation and warehousing (26 percent). Claimants between the ages of 30 and 44 accounted for 35 percent of all claimants from extended mass layoffs. The proportion of claimants in this age group was highest in finance and insurance (41 percent) and construction (39 percent). (See table 19.) Duration of insured unemployment • The District of Columbia reported the longest duration of insured unemployment associated with extended mass layoffs events, with the average spell of unemployment lasting almost 4 months (as measured by the average number of continued claims for unemployment insurance filed for the weeks that followed the initial claim and that included the 12th day of the month). The State with the next longest duration of insured unemployment was North Carolina (with continued claims lasting an average of 3.4 months), followed by Maryland (2.7 months) and New Mexico (2.7 months) . Claimants experiencing the shortest insured jobless duration were separated from employers located in Kentucky, Pennsylvania, and Nebraska. • Employers citing business ownership change as the reason for layoff had the highest average layoff size per event (488 workers), followed by those reporting a labor dispute (481 workers), bankruptcy (298 workers), and nonnatural disasters (275 workers). Layoffs due to hazardous work environments and natural disasters averaged the fewest separations per layoff event (120 and 127 workers, respectively). (See table 16.) • Employers reporting the worksite as permanently closed averaged 240 job separations per event, up 13 percent from 2007 (when the average was 212 separations per event). (See table 16.) Initial claimants • In 2008, 1,665,377 initial claimants for unemployment insurance were associated with extended mass layoff events. Of these, 37 percent were women, 14 percent were black, 17 percent were Hispanic, and 18 percent were 55 years of age or older. Thirty-five percent of claimants were between the ages of 30 and 44. (See tables 17 and 19.) In the total civilian labor force in 2008, 47 percent were women, 11 percent were black, 14 percent were Hispanic, and 18 percent were 55 years of age or older. Thirty-three percent of the civilian labor force was between the ages of 30 and 44. • Wyoming reported the largest proportion of claimants exhausting unemployment insurance benefits (29 percent), followed by North Carolina (27 percent), Florida (25 percent), and the District of Columbia (22 percent). States registering the lowest percentages of exhaustees were Nebraska, West Virginia, Colorado, and Pennsylvania. (See table 20.) • The longest average jobless duration (as measured by the average number of continued claims per month) was experienced by claimants laid off from the finance and insurance sector (3.2 months). Claimants laid off from accommodation and food services and from manufacturing experienced the shortest periods of joblessness (1.7 months). (See table 21.) • The percentage of claimants who were women decreased to 37 percent in 2008 from 40 percent in 2007. The proportion of female claimants was highest in health care and social assistance (87 percent) and in private educational services (70 percent). (See table 19.) • Benefit exhaustion rates were highest among workers in finance and insurance (27 percent), compared with workers in mining who had the lowest rates (5 percent). (See table 21.) • People of Hispanic origin accounted for 17 percent of the claimants involved in extended mass layoff events in 2008, about the same proportion as in 2007. The percentage of Hispanic claimants in 2008 was highest in wholesale trade (26 percent), followed by the health care and social assistance industry and by the construction industry (24 percent each). (See table 18.) • Claimants laid off because of organizational changes and financial issues reported the longest jobless duration with an average of 2.6 monthly continued claims. The shortest duration occurred in layoffs due to disaster or safety issues (1.3 months). (See table 21.) • Benefit exhaustion rates were higher for claimants involved with worksite closures (23 percent) when compared with claimants affected by nonclosure layoff events. Claimants associated with layoffs from employers who did not expect a recall experienced a higher average benefit exhaustion rate (17 percent) than did workers affected by layoff events that were expected to lead to a recall (10 percent). (See table 21.) • The proportion of black claimants involved in extended mass layoffs was 14 percent in 2008. (See table 18.) Establishments providing other services except public administration reported the highest percentage of black claimants (28 percent), followed by health care and social assistance and by management of companies and enterprises (24 percent each). • Eighteen percent of all claimants were age 55 and older in 2008, about the same as the 19 percent reported in 2007. The proportion of claimants in this age group was highest in professional and technical services (29 percent); arts, en- • Among the 50 largest metropolitan statistical areas in terms of the level of extended mass layoff initial claims activity, claimants residing in Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano 4 Beach, FL, reported the longest jobless duration (with an average of 2.9 monthly continued claims), followed by claimants living in Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL, (2.7 months) and Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI, (2.7 months). Extended mass layoff claimants residing in Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN, and Dalton, GA, experienced the shortest duration of unemployment (less than a month). Benefit exhaustion rates were highest for claimants in Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL (29 percent), Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA (27 percent), and Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL (26 percent). (See table 22.) • Claimants age 55 and older had the highest exhaustion rates, at 15.6 percent, as compared with other age groups. Women had higher exhaustion rates (16.0 percent) than men (11.6 percent). Black claimants reported higher benefit exhaustion rates (17.3 percent) than people of any other race or ethnic category. (See table 23.) metropolitan areas, about the same as in 2007 (when it was 79 percent). Among the 372 metropolitan areas, Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA, reported the highest number of resident initial claimants (109,649). Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL, and Las Vegas-Paradise, NV, entered the top 10 metropolitan areas in terms of resident initial claimants, while St. Louis, MO-IL, and Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD, dropped out of the top 10. (See table 26.) Recall expectations • In 2008, employers expected a recall in 41 percent of all extended mass layoff events, the lowest proportion since 2002. Excluding seasonal and vacation-period layoffs (in which a recall was expected 95 percent of the time), a recall was expected in 24 percent of events, down slightly from 25 percent in 2007 and 29 percent in 2006. (See table 27.) • Of those establishments expecting a recall in 2008, 39 percent indicated that all workers would eventually be recalled, compared with 50 percent in 2007. Eighty percent expected to recall at least half of the workers in 2008, a decrease from 90 percent in 2007. (See table 27.) Geographic distribution • In 2008, employers in the West reported the highest number of separations (505,032). (See table 24.) The Northeast continued to have the lowest number of separations (246,062). Excluding the impact of seasonal layoffs, the West (387,901) and the Midwest (306,903) had the highest levels of separated workers in extended mass layoff events. • In 2008, industry sectors for which the expectation of recall was highest following a layoff included arts, entertainment, and recreation (72 percent), mining (67 percent), and health care and social assistance (67 percent). Layoffs in the finance and insurance sector and the information sector had the lowest percentages of recall expectation, less than 1 percent and 10 percent, respectively. (See table 28.) • Compared with 2007, increases in the number of separations occurred in all four of the regions in 2008, with the Midwest having the largest increase of 182,054. Eight of the nine geographic divisions had an increase in separations, with the largest increases in the East North Central (150,927), Pacific (118,807), and South Atlantic (88,583) divisions. (See table 24.) • Employers citing organizational changes (3 percent) and financial issues (4 percent) had the lowest percentages of recall expectation. Layoffs due to seasonal reasons registered the highest recall expectations (95 percent), followed by layoffs due to production-specific reasons (45 percent). (See table 29.) • In 2008, California had the largest number of worker separations with 344,602. The States with the next highest totals of separations (including seasonal layoffs) were Illinois (120,268) and Florida (105,515). (See table 25.) When the substantial impact of seasonal layoffs is excluded, California still had the highest separations total (289,127), followed by Florida (93,393) and Illinois (77,009). • In 2008, 14 States—Alaska, California, Florida, Hawaii, Idaho, Indiana, Kentucky, Missouri, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Wyoming— reached their highest annual totals of laid-off workers since annual data became available in 1996. Only Maine and Virginia reached new lows. Forty-two States and the District of Columbia had over-the-year increases in the number of laid-off workers, led by California (87,296), Florida (68,221), and Ohio (44,635). Of the eight States reporting an over-the-year decrease in the number of laid-off workers, Virginia and Maine experienced the largest declines, with 4,402 and 2,484, respectively. (See table 25.) • Seventy-eight percent of the initial claimants associated with extended mass layoff events in 2008 resided within • Manufacturing industries accounted for 36 percent of layoff events and 35 percent of separations from which the employer did not expect a recall. Retail trade accounted for the second highest percentage of separations where no recall was expected (13 percent), and construction accounted for the second highest percentage of events (14 percent). (See table 29.) • A lack of business demand, particularly from slack work and contract completion, was cited most frequently for layoffs from which no recall is expected, accounting for 53 percent of such layoff events and 44 percent of separations. Layoffs due to financial issues accounted for an additional 24 percent of layoff events with no expectation of recall and 29 percent of associated separations. (See table 29.) Permanent worksite closures • In 2008, employers reported that 11 percent (or 901 instances) of private nonfarm extended mass layoff events resulted from a permanent closure of the worksite, affecting 216,322 5 workers, or 14 percent of separations. Separations in permanent closures were due mostly to financial issues (98,021 separations), followed by business demand reasons (51,480) and organizational reasons (50,429). (See table 30.) • California registered the highest number of separations in permanent-closure-related layoff events with 42,569, followed by Florida (27,071) and Ohio (22,651). Between 2007 and 2008, California and Florida reported the largest increases (by 22,057 and 20,629, respectively) in separations due to closures, while Tennessee and Michigan had the largest decreases (by 1,991 and 1,933, respectively). (See table 33.) Four States—Florida, Indiana, Ohio, and Oklahoma—reached new series highs in terms of closurerelated separated workers in 2008. Two States—Idaho and Louisiana—reached new series lows. • Manufacturing accounted for 43 percent of layoff events and 39 percent of separations resulting in a worksite closure in 2008. Retail trade accounted for 16 percent of the layoff events and 24 percent of separations resulting from closures during the year. (See table 31.) Accommodation and food services reached a series high for the sector in terms of the number of closure-related separated workers in 2008 with a total of 10,789. • Among the 372 Metropolitan Areas, Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa-Ana, CA, reported the highest number of resident initial claimants in permanent-closure-related extended mass layoff events (14,946), followed by RiversideSan Bernardino-Ontario, CA, (7,854). In 2008, Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL, entered the top 10 metropolitan areas this year in terms of the numbers of resident initial claimants due to permanent closures, replacing DetroitWarren-Livonia, MI. (See table 34.) • In 2008, general merchandise stores, food services and drinking places, hospitals, and furniture and home furnishings stores moved into the top 10 three-digit NAICS industries in terms of the number of workers laid off because of permanent closures. These industries replaced computer and electronic product manufacturing, textile mills, fabricated metal product manufacturing, and nursing and residential care facilities. (See table 32.) 6 Table 1. Numbers of extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2000–08 Initial claimants for Year/quarter Events1 Separations1 2000 First quarter ……………………… Second quarter ………………… Third quarter …………………… Fourth quarter …………………… 1,081 1,055 817 1,638 202,500 205,861 174,628 332,973 180,205 186,759 158,394 320,909 Total …………………………… 4,591 915,962 846,267 2001 First quarter ……………………… Second quarter ………………… Third quarter …………………… Fourth quarter …………………… 1,546 1,828 1,629 2,372 304,171 430,499 330,391 459,771 306,535 358,611 336,298 456,068 Total …………………………… 7,375 1,524,832 1,457,512 2002 First quarter ……………………… Second quarter ………………… Third quarter …………………… Fourth quarter …………………… 1,611 1,624 1,186 1,916 299,266 344,606 255,152 373,307 292,998 299,598 254,955 370,592 Total …………………………… 6,337 1,272,331 1,218,143 2003 First quarter ……………………… Second quarter ………………… Third quarter …………………… Fourth quarter …………………… 1,502 1,799 1,190 1,690 286,947 368,273 236,333 325,333 297,608 348,966 227,909 326,328 Total …………………………… 6,181 1,216,886 1,200,811 2004 First quarter ……………………… Second quarter ………………… Third quarter …………………… Fourth quarter …………………… 1,339 1,358 886 1,427 276,503 278,831 164,608 273,967 238,392 254,063 148,575 262,049 Total …………………………… 5,010 993,909 903,079 2005 First quarter ……………………… Second quarter ………………… Third quarter …………………… Fourth quarter …………………… 1,142 1,203 1,136 1,400 186,506 246,099 201,878 250,178 185,486 212,673 190,186 246,188 Total …………………………… 4,881 884,661 834,533 2006 First quarter ……………………… Second quarter ………………… Third quarter …………………… Fourth quarter …………………… 963 1,353 929 1,640 183,089 295,964 160,254 296,662 193,510 264,927 161,764 330,954 Total …………………………… 4,885 935,969 951,155 2007 First quarter ……………………… Second quarter ………………… Third quarter …………………… Fourth quarter …………………… 1,110 1,421 1,018 1,814 225,600 278,719 160,024 301,592 199,250 259,234 173,077 347,151 Total …………………………… 5,363 965,935 978,712 2008 First quarter ……………………… Second quarter ………………… Third quarter …………………… Fourth quarter …………………… 1,340 1,756 1,582 3,585 230,098 354,713 290,892 642,154 259,292 339,574 303,774 762,737 Total …………………………… 8,263 1,517,857 1,665,377 1 Data on layoffs were reported by employers in all States and the District of Columbia. 7 unemployment insurance1 private nonfarmdistribution: sector, 2006–08 Table 2. Industry extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2006–08 Layoff events Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Separations Industry 2006 2007 2008 4,885 5,363 40 Mining ………………………………………………………… 11 Utilities ………………………………………………………… Construction ………………………………………………… 1,062 Manufacturing ……………………………………………… 1,368 Food ……………………………………………………… 245 26 Beverage and tobacco products ………………………… 55 Textile mills ………………………………………………… 20 Textile product mills ……………………………………… Apparel …………………………………………………… 53 9 Leather and allied products ……………………………… 87 Wood products …………………………………………… 38 Paper ……………………………………………………… Printing and related support activities ………………… 36 22 Petroleum and coal products …………………………… 26 Chemicals ………………………………………………… Plastics and rubber products …………………………… Nonmetallic mineral products …………………………… Primary metal ……………………………………………… Fabricated metal products ……………………………… Machinery ………………………………………………… Computer and electronic products ……………………… Electrical equipment and appliance …………………… Transportation equipment ……………………………… Furniture and related products ………………………… Miscellaneous manufacturing …………………………… Wholesale trade ……………………………………………… Retail trade …………………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing ………………………… Information …………………………………………………… Finance and insurance ……………………………………… Real estate and rental and leasing ………………………… Professional and technical services ……………………… Management of companies and enterprises ……………… Administrative and waste services ………………………… Educational services ………………………………………… Health care and social assistance ………………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation ……………………… Accommodation and food services ………………………… Other services, except public administration …………… 1 Total, private nonfarm ........................................................ Unclassified ………………………………………………… 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 2008 8,263 935,969 965,935 1,517,857 951,155 978,712 1,665,377 39 9 1,365 1,366 221 19 39 13 49 5 102 29 37 22 36 55 11 1,724 2,589 280 25 49 24 48 6 215 60 43 24 67 6,911 1,690 125,892 273,574 50,229 3,433 9,083 2,311 7,575 998 10,768 4,946 4,904 3,102 3,490 5,381 1,182 155,401 241,319 43,560 2,341 7,707 2,609 6,244 477 13,985 3,675 5,798 3,175 6,279 9,128 2,032 205,327 484,187 63,964 3,618 9,487 3,320 6,117 678 30,972 9,916 5,603 3,228 9,445 6,122 1,735 157,635 329,136 50,035 3,476 12,227 3,710 6,715 1,021 14,225 4,216 4,468 3,320 2,746 4,794 1,548 192,462 309,670 46,149 2,772 13,711 3,840 6,406 645 16,578 3,701 5,003 3,264 5,078 9,756 2,122 256,109 638,346 58,038 4,386 23,101 4,052 7,032 657 38,947 10,076 6,735 3,315 9,357 71 66 44 63 70 80 45 227 56 29 56 98 41 74 76 84 33 226 79 27 147 177 116 205 147 159 74 575 103 45 10,710 10,737 8,981 7,232 11,498 17,937 11,103 81,278 8,530 4,729 8,725 12,107 6,374 9,944 14,230 14,619 5,375 59,914 9,979 4,202 19,859 24,331 19,633 25,226 27,605 26,471 14,513 155,952 17,583 6,666 12,351 11,319 8,359 9,199 11,632 14,487 13,602 129,116 9,083 3,829 7,076 14,685 8,664 11,786 18,349 13,109 11,185 104,271 10,139 3,259 23,565 27,253 24,666 35,689 39,972 27,097 18,977 245,206 22,965 7,260 84 313 314 113 161 17 155 18 477 23 232 130 286 81 98 288 334 93 373 28 171 28 345 27 260 139 303 93 190 482 489 204 405 51 257 30 671 43 319 179 458 102 13,976 100,104 70,074 18,978 31,064 1,732 44,351 2,582 91,777 2,353 30,076 43,014 67,135 10,686 12,931 119,571 70,916 13,387 66,085 3,841 49,224 4,085 55,806 3,505 40,364 45,208 63,814 13,069 25,247 121,385 102,087 37,988 92,782 6,385 67,400 4,611 141,034 5,504 44,229 52,643 102,325 12,722 10,783 86,519 62,150 23,736 28,671 1,500 35,773 2,530 91,746 2,661 25,184 15,645 59,373 10,256 12,106 72,482 72,684 16,804 67,718 3,792 38,075 3,412 60,473 3,814 30,571 17,109 58,922 11,689 25,057 126,326 97,906 39,258 86,609 6,970 51,071 4,799 150,870 5,623 36,249 22,081 92,605 13,123 – 4 4 – 846 841 – 587 497 239 534 180 525 244 672 55,986 120,792 36,370 157,868 69,328 152,928 60,800 115,032 50,384 109,441 94,669 133,096 2 Selected industry groupings Clothing manufacturing and distribution …………………… Food processing and distribution …………………………… 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 See the Technical Note for descriptions of these industry groupings. NOTE: Dash represents zero. 8 Table 3. Over-the-year change in extended mass layoff separations by industry, private nonfarm sector, 2006–07 and 2007–08 2006–07 2007–08 Industry Level change Percent change Level change Percent change Total, private nonfarm1 ................................................... 29,966 3.2 551,922 57.1 Mining .......................................................................... Utilities ......................................................................... Construction ................................................................. Manufacturing .............................................................. Food ......................................................................... Beverage and tobacco products .............................. Textile mills .............................................................. Textile product mills ................................................. Apparel .................................................................... Leather and allied products ..................................... Wood products ......................................................... Paper ....................................................................... Printing and related support activities ...................... Petroleum and coal products ................................... Chemicals ................................................................ -1,530 -508 29,509 -32,255 -6,669 -1,092 -1,376 298 -1,331 -521 3,217 -1,271 894 73 2,789 -22.1 -30.1 23.4 -11.8 -13.3 -31.8 -15.1 12.9 -17.6 -52.2 29.9 -25.7 18.2 2.4 79.9 3,747 850 49,926 242,868 20,404 1,277 1,780 711 -127 201 16,987 6,241 -195 53 3,166 69.6 71.9 32.1 100.6 46.8 54.5 23.1 27.3 -2.0 42.1 121.5 169.8 -3.4 1.7 50.4 Plastics and rubber products ................................... Nonmetallic mineral products .................................. Primary metal ........................................................... Fabricated metal products ....................................... Machinery ................................................................ Computer and electronic products ........................... Electrical equipment and appliance ......................... Transportation equipment ........................................ Furniture and related products ................................. Miscellaneous manufacturing .................................. -1,985 1,370 -2,607 2,712 2,732 -3,318 -5,728 -21,364 1,449 -527 -18.5 12.8 -29.0 37.5 23.8 -18.5 -51.6 -26.3 17.0 -11.1 11,134 12,224 13,259 15,282 13,375 11,852 9,138 96,038 7,604 2,464 127.6 101.0 208.0 153.7 94.0 81.1 170.0 160.3 76.2 58.6 Wholesale trade ........................................................... Retail trade .................................................................. Transportation and warehousing ................................. Information ................................................................... Finance and insurance ................................................ Real estate and rental and leasing .............................. Professional and technical services ............................. Management of companies and enterprises ................ Administrative and waste services ............................... Educational services .................................................... Health care and social assistance ............................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ............................. Accommodation and food services .............................. Other services, except public administration ............... -1,045 19,467 842 -5,591 35,021 2,109 4,873 1,503 -35,971 1,152 10,288 2,194 -3,321 2,383 -7.5 19.4 1.2 -29.5 112.7 121.8 11.0 58.2 -39.2 49.0 34.2 5.1 -4.9 22.3 12,316 1,814 31,171 24,601 26,697 2,544 18,176 526 85,228 1,999 3,865 7,435 38,511 -347 95.2 1.5 44.0 183.8 40.4 66.2 36.9 12.9 152.7 57.0 9.6 16.4 60.3 -2.7 Unclassified ................................................................. 846 (3) -5 -.6 -19,616 37,076 -35.0 30.7 32,958 -4,940 47.5 -3.1 2 Selected industry groupings Clothing manufacturing and distribution ………………… Food processing and distribution ………………………… 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 See the Technical Note for descriptions of these industry groupings. 3 Percentage could not be calculated because the denominator is zero. 9 Table 4. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest three-digit NAICS industries, 2007–08 Industry 2 NAICS 2007 Events Separations 2008 Rank 1 Events Separations Rank1 Total, private nonfarm ...................................... … 5,363 965,935 … 8,263 1,517,857 … Total, 50 highest industries ......................................... … 4,995 910,029 … 7,717 1,445,531 … Transportation equipment manufacturing ……………… Administrative and support services …………………… Specialty trade contractors ……………………………… Heavy and civil engineering construction ……………… Food services and drinking places ……………………… Professional and technical services …………………… Food manufacturing ……………………………………… Credit intermediation and related activities …………… Transit and ground passenger transportation ………… General merchandise stores …………………………… 336 561 238 237 722 541 311 522 485 452 226 341 608 541 204 171 221 288 221 69 59,914 55,500 60,697 68,568 43,312 49,224 43,560 49,818 51,926 19,136 4 5 3 1 10 8 9 7 6 15 575 661 795 630 287 257 280 256 221 119 155,952 140,173 83,992 83,229 68,228 67,400 63,964 63,166 45,924 44,495 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Construction of buildings ………………………………… Amusements, gambling, and recreation ……………… Accommodation …………………………………………… Wood product manufacturing …………………………… Machinery manufacturing ………………………………… Computer and electronic product manufacturing ……… Social assistance ………………………………………… Fabricated metal product manufacturing ……………… Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing …………… Plastics and rubber products manufacturing ………… 236 713 721 321 333 334 624 332 327 326 216 53 99 102 76 84 203 74 98 56 26,136 34,428 20,502 13,985 14,230 14,619 25,742 9,944 12,107 8,725 12 11 14 19 18 17 13 24 20 25 299 90 171 215 147 159 218 205 177 147 38,106 37,756 34,097 30,972 27,605 26,471 25,897 25,226 24,331 19,859 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Primary metal manufacturing …………………………… Furniture and related product manufacturing ………… Insurance carriers and related activities ……………… Couriers and messengers ……………………………… Nonstore retailers ………………………………………… Truck transportation ……………………………………… Electrical equipment and appliance manufacturing …… Performing arts and spectator sports …………………… Clothing and clothing accessories stores ……………… Merchant wholesalers, durable goods ………………… 331 337 524 492 454 484 335 711 448 423 41 79 61 14 39 44 33 82 26 43 6,374 9,979 12,104 3,977 15,561 6,016 5,375 10,213 4,093 5,596 29 23 21 46 16 32 36 22 43 35 116 103 93 36 60 103 74 83 49 106 19,633 17,583 16,872 15,108 15,054 14,554 14,513 14,025 13,091 12,849 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Hospitals …………………………………………………… Air transportation ………………………………………… Securities, commodity contracts, investments ………… Motion picture and sound recording industries ………… Food and beverage stores ……………………………… Telecommunications ……………………………………… Publishing industries, except Internet ………………… Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods …………… Paper manufacturing …………………………………… Textile mills ………………………………………………… 622 481 523 512 445 517 511 424 322 313 26 4 23 27 51 22 24 48 29 39 8,244 577 4,083 5,359 64,003 2,638 2,632 6,717 3,675 7,707 26 71 45 37 2 55 56 28 48 27 47 43 52 27 39 65 83 66 60 49 12,811 12,607 12,373 12,246 11,215 10,780 10,713 10,142 9,916 9,487 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Chemical manufacturing ………………………………… Building material and garden supply stores …………… Furniture and home furnishings stores ………………… Electronics and appliance stores ……………………… Motor vehicle and parts dealers ………………………… Membership associations and organizations ………… Miscellaneous manufacturing …………………………… Water transportation ……………………………………… Apparel manufacturing …………………………………… Printing and related support activities ………………… 325 444 442 443 441 813 339 483 315 323 36 21 14 30 9 51 27 15 49 37 6,279 3,279 3,044 4,735 916 5,932 4,202 2,604 6,244 5,798 30 50 52 39 68 33 42 58 31 34 67 49 29 22 70 58 45 23 48 43 9,445 8,644 8,078 8,035 7,223 6,666 6,666 6,639 6,117 5,603 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 1 Industries are ranked by the number of separations in 2008. 2 See footnote 1, table 1. 10 Table 5. Industry distribution: extended mass layoff separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest six-digit NAICS industries, 2006–08 Industry NAICS 2006 Separations 2007 Rank 1 Separations 2008 Rank 1 Separations Rank Total, private nonfarm2 .......................................... … 935,969 … 965,935 … 1,517,857 … Total, 50 highest industries ........................................ … 538,955 … 544,495 … 817,635 … Temporary help services …………………………………… Highway, street, and bridge construction ………………… Professional employer organizations ……………………… School and employee bus transportation ………………… Automobile manufacturing ………………………………… Food service contractors …………………………………… Tax preparation services …………………………………… Real estate credit …………………………………………… Discount department stores ………………………………… Hotels and motels, except casino hotels ………………… 561320 237310 561330 485410 336111 722310 541213 522292 452112 721110 30,416 41,100 36,803 40,349 21,330 32,051 25,601 4,935 14,522 20,092 5 1 3 2 7 4 6 39 14 8 19,972 47,686 6,552 47,560 16,998 32,238 24,703 23,077 10,870 17,061 7 2 27 3 10 4 5 6 14 8 53,208 50,787 41,588 41,427 40,728 39,675 32,613 26,658 21,142 20,941 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Skiing facilities ……………………………………………… Department stores, except discount ……………………… Fruit and vegetable canning ……………………………… Child day care services …………………………………… Light truck and utility vehicle manufacturing ……………… Commercial building construction ………………………… Couriers and express delivery services …………………… Nonresidential electrical contractors ……………………… Commercial banking ………………………………………… All other motor vehicle parts manufacturing ……………… 713920 452111 311421 624410 336112 236220 492110 238212 522110 336399 17,548 16,713 10,126 14,696 13,812 7,331 5,055 8,608 2,754 5,107 10 11 18 12 15 21 35 19 69 33 16,481 6,751 10,851 17,059 5,852 9,470 3,977 9,341 7,821 4,253 11 26 15 9 28 16 47 17 20 44 20,706 20,058 18,473 17,301 17,193 16,824 15,108 14,249 13,480 13,258 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Full-service restaurants …………………………………… Casino hotels ………………………………………………… Oil and gas pipeline construction ………………………… Industrial building construction …………………………… General medical and surgical hospitals …………………… Mail-order houses …………………………………………… Amusement and theme parks ……………………………… Scheduled passenger air transportation ………………… All other plastics product manufacturing ………………… Ready-mix concrete manufacturing ……………………… 722110 721120 237120 236210 622110 454113 713110 481111 326199 327320 4,937 5,099 3,666 6,628 2,990 14,628 12,390 6,519 5,961 6,148 38 34 53 23 64 13 16 24 27 26 4,847 3,441 4,961 7,451 8,154 12,058 16,261 446 3,917 7,699 37 60 35 23 18 13 12 297 48 22 13,133 12,957 12,859 12,765 12,535 12,020 12,009 10,703 10,558 10,495 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Nonresidential plumbing and HVAC contractors ………… Heavy duty truck manufacturing …………………………… Supermarkets and other grocery stores ………………… Nonresidential drywall contractors ………………………… Sawmills ……………………………………………………… Motion picture and video production ……………………… Telemarketing and other contact centers ………………… Savings institutions ………………………………………… Motor home manufacturing ………………………………… Semiconductors and related device manufacturing ……… 238222 336120 445110 238312 321113 512110 561422 522120 336213 334413 5,528 2,535 19,629 4,062 2,972 6,216 2,522 2,884 697 2,692 29 74 9 50 65 25 75 66 222 71 6,981 5,730 61,988 4,373 3,738 3,208 3,189 4,613 1,486 3,880 24 31 1 43 52 63 65 40 133 50 10,197 9,824 9,505 9,123 8,949 8,866 8,837 8,266 7,940 7,840 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Landscaping services ……………………………………… Fresh and frozen seafood processing …………………… Iron and steel mills ………………………………………… Other heavy construction …………………………………… Motor vehicle seating and interior trim manufacturing … Wired telecommunications carriers ……………………… Frozen fruit and vegetable manufacturing ………………… Home centers ………………………………………………… Motor vehicle metal stamping ……………………………… Boat building ………………………………………………… 561730 311712 331111 237990 336360 517110 311411 444110 336370 336612 7,247 10,198 4,210 4,083 8,531 3,190 4,780 4,209 3,840 1,015 22 17 47 49 20 61 40 48 52 175 7,804 7,831 790 4,912 5,802 1,963 2,582 2,812 2,103 902 21 19 200 36 30 106 78 72 95 179 7,706 7,659 7,513 7,393 7,213 7,111 7,109 7,088 7,087 6,958 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 1 Industries are ranked by the number of separations in 2008. 2 See footnote 1, table 1. 11 1 Table 6. Reason for layoff: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, Table 6. Reason layoff:2006–08 extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2006–08 private nonfarmforsector, Reason for layoff1 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 Total, private nonfarm, all reasons ............... 4,885 5,363 8,263 935,969 965,935 1,517,857 951,155 978,712 1,665,377 Business demand .................................................... 1,788 1,888 3,389 257,878 248,056 516,922 351,092 359,654 731,804 Contract cancellation ............................................ Contract completion .............................................. Domestic competition ........................................... Excess inventory/saturated market ...................... Import competition ................................................ Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal business slowdown ......................................... 71 1,056 141 946 7 40 54 10,813 146,069 (3) 3 ( ) 10,458 11,165 107,461 1,769 7,424 11,589 24,261 133,801 1,416 8,111 9,679 10,357 183,699 (3) 3 ( ) 64 73 897 15 38 73 (3) 3 ( ) 11,847 10,740 144,752 1,512 8,521 15,519 25,411 176,858 2,188 7,820 10,399 597 792 2,201 90,538 108,648 339,654 145,189 178,610 509,128 Organizational changes ........................................... 597 397 517 149,893 124,175 123,349 148,304 73,922 119,929 Business-ownership change ................................. Reorganization or restructuring of company ......... 124 473 101 296 93 424 41,716 108,177 72,914 51,261 45,375 77,974 26,443 121,861 16,201 57,721 18,184 101,745 Financial issues ....................................................... 221 455 764 50,380 101,556 165,652 37,213 92,659 145,769 Bankruptcy ............................................................ Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ...... Financial difficulty ................................................. 56 136 352 276 15,838 (3) 34,542 17,377 34,443 49,736 40,553 53,773 71,326 7,578 (3) 165 65 176 214 (3) 29,635 9,237 41,312 42,110 24,199 64,827 56,743 Production specific .................................................. 94 84 107 30,184 19,686 27,181 21,137 23,552 25,512 Automation/technological advances ..................... Energy related ...................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention ................. Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ............ Material or supply shortage .................................. Model changeover ................................................ Plant or machine repair/maintenance ................... Product line discontinued ..................................... (4) 8 (4) 1,851 1,781 (4) 14 18 13 (4) (3) 11,313 1,486 4,278 2,201 9,688 (4) 2,637 4,927 1,163 (4) (3) 7,363 2,146 2,649 1,757 6,030 (4) 1,670 7,041 1,520 (4) 3,141 1,237 1,703 1,308 5,505 9,134 3,446 617 3,351 2,117 (4) (4) (3) 18 10 9 12 36 12 10 21 19 15 3 16 11 (4) 2,482 1,419 2,059 4,847 2,478 6,205 3,940 933 2,830 2,220 Disaster/safety ......................................................... 62 32 58 7,630 3,388 9,165 7,838 3,010 8,442 Hazardous work environment ............................... Natural disaster (not weather related) .................. Non-natural disaster ............................................. Extreme weather-related event ............................ 4 5 5 48 (4) (4) (4) 4 ( ) 4 ( ) (4) 4 51 (4) 476 2,068 (4) 1,098 7,694 479 655 1,449 5,255 (4) (4) 5 22 688 840 1,546 4,556 (4) 440 2,046 (4) 813 7,275 Seasonal .................................................................. 1,725 1,880 1,982 355,091 364,276 393,109 304,644 318,866 348,835 Seasonal ............................................................... Vacation period–school related or otherwise ........ 1,613 112 1,479 401 1,589 393 337,531 17,560 290,527 73,749 326,592 66,517 287,278 17,366 245,509 73,357 280,584 68,251 Other/miscellaneous ................................................ 398 627 1,446 84,913 104,798 282,479 80,927 107,049 285,086 Other ..................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal ................................... Data not provided: Does not know ....................... 94 192 112 41 205 381 90 299 1,057 18,283 46,754 19,876 6,684 38,088 60,026 15,329 78,856 188,294 15,452 46,741 18,734 7,959 38,035 61,055 19,163 78,185 187,738 2 (4) 17 7 11 Beginning thethe publication of data for the of 2007, the presentation of data by Beginningwith with publication of data for first the quarter first quarter of 2007, the presentation economic reasons for extended mass layoffs was improved. Clearer definitions and titles for many of data by economic reasons for extended mass layoffs was improved. Clearer current reasons were introduced, and seven higher level categories were identified, within which definitions and titles reasons for manywere current reasons were introduced, and seven level the detailed economic classified. In addition, four new reasons werehigher added. Use of these new reasons began withwithin first- quarter 2007 data. For additional information the changes categories were identified, which the detailed economic reasons wereon classified. 2008 2006 2007 2008 to MLS reasons, see http://www.bls.gov/mls/. quarter 2007 data. please For additional information on the changes to MLS reasons, please See footnote 1, table 1. Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data. See footnote table 1. or State agency disclosure standards. 4 Data do not1, meet BLS 2 see http://www.bls.gov/mls/. 3 2 In addition, four new reasons were added. Use of these new reasons began with first- 12 3 Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data. 4 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. Table 7. Over-the-year change in separations by reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2006–07 and 2007–08 2006–07 Reason for layoff Level change 1 2007–08 Percent change Level change Percent change Total, private nonfarm, all reasons ..................................... 29,966 3.2 551,922 57.1 Business demand .......................................................................... -9,822 -3.8 268,866 108.4 Contract cancellation .................................................................. Contract completion ................................................................... Domestic competition ................................................................. Excess inventory/saturated market ............................................ Import competition ...................................................................... Slack work/insufficient demand/non-seasonal business slowdown ............................................................... 352 -38,608 3.3 -26.4 117.3 24.5 -20.0 9.3 -16.5 212.6 ( ) 2 ( ) 1,131 ( ) 2 ( ) 10.8 13,096 26,340 -353 687 -1,910 18,110 20.0 231,006 Organizational changes ................................................................. -25,718 -17.2 -826 -0.7 Business-ownership change ...................................................... Reorganization or restructuring of company ............................... 31,198 -56,916 74.8 -52.6 -27,539 26,713 -37.8 52.1 Financial issues ............................................................................. 51,176 101.6 64,096 63.1 Bankruptcy .................................................................................. Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ............................ Financial difficulty ....................................................................... 1,539 ( 2( ) ) 15,194 9.7 (2) 44.0 23,176 19,330 21,590 133.4 56.1 43.4 Production specific ........................................................................ -10,498 -34.8 7,495 38.1 Automation/technological advances ........................................... Energy related ............................................................................ Governmental regulations/intervention ....................................... Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .................................. Material or supply shortage ........................................................ Model changeover ...................................................................... Plant or machine repair/maintenance ......................................... Product line discontinued ........................................................... 783 73.3 -148 -8.0 (3) (2) -6,386 -323 (3) (2) -56.4 -21.7 (3) 2,868 4,207 2,283 (3) 108.8 85.4 196.3 (3) 940 -8,451 (3) 42.7 -87.2 (3) 210 880 (3) 6.7 71.1 Disaster/safety y ............................................................................... -4,242 , -55.6 5,777 , 170.5 Hazardous work environment ..................................................... Natural disaster (not weather related) ........................................ Nonnatural disaster .................................................................... Extreme weather-related event .................................................. (3) 3 ( ) (3) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) -1,070 -2,488 3 ( ) -69.2 -54.6 3 ( ) 622 5,626 (3) 130.7 272.1 Seasonal ....................................................................................... 9,185 2.6 28,833 7.9 Seasonal .................................................................................... Vacation period–school related or otherwise ............................. -47,004 56,189 -13.9 320.0 36,065 -7,232 12.4 -9.8 2 2 2 Other/miscellaneous ...................................................................... 19,885 23.4 177,681 169.5 Other ........................................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal ......................................................... Data not provided: Does not know ............................................. -11,599 -8,666 40,150 -63.4 -18.5 202.0 8,645 40,768 128,268 129.3 107.0 213.7 1 See footnote 1, table 1. See footnote tablewith 1. first-quarter 2007 data. Use of this reason1,began Use this reason with first quarterstandards. 2007 data. Data doof not meet BLS orbegan State agency disclosure 2 1 3 2 3 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. 13 1 Table8.8.Number Number separations in extended mass layoff events by State and by selected level category for1 layoff, Table ofof separations in extended mass layoff events by State and by selected higherhigher level category for layoff, private 2008 privatenonfarm nonfarmsector, sector, 2008 Separations State Total Business demand Total, private nonfarm2 ........... 1,517,857 516,922 123,349 165,652 27,181 9,165 393,109 Alabama ............................................ Alaska ............................................... Arizona .............................................. Arkansas ........................................... California ........................................... Colorado ........................................... Connecticut ....................................... Delaware ........................................... District of Columbia ........................... Florida ............................................... Georgia ............................................. Hawaii ............................................... Idaho ................................................. 13,237 11,212 11,578 7,752 344,602 23,123 9,484 1,305 1,091 105,515 15,504 8,415 12,904 4,702 2,037 4,021 98,613 2,599 1,275 667 – 58,430 9,648 4,876 3,634 885 – – 808 38,354 2,749 – 1,800 634 50,402 2,357 – – – 316 3,926 – – – – – – 1,295 11,212 2,700 747 55,475 17,015 3,694 468 696 12,122 – Illinois ................................................ Indiana .............................................. Iowa .................................................. Kansas .............................................. Kentucky ........................................... Louisiana .......................................... Maine ................................................ Maryland ........................................... Massachusetts .................................. Michigan ........................................... Minnesota ......................................... Mississippi ........................................ Missouri ............................................ 120,268 46,816 10,208 8,042 17,689 17,248 4,220 7,212 16,684 81,706 28,618 10,176 37,623 52,796 27,708 4,340 2,439 8,654 6,281 685 1,292 5,981 42,170 5,029 6,498 8,201 13,672 4,519 Montana ............................................ Nebraska .......................................... Nevada ............................................. New Hampshire ................................ New Jersey ....................................... New Mexico ...................................... New York .......................................... North Carolina ................................... North Dakota ..................................... Ohio .................................................. Oklahoma ......................................... Oregon .............................................. Pennsylvania .................................... 3,278 2,782 18,926 1,842 53,436 5,662 86,012 11,582 1,364 88,507 7,670 26,616 70,035 1,095 263 9,054 640 6,773 2,055 15,074 4,297 565 46,226 3,238 9,650 15,030 – – 650 – 5,797 959 5,439 1,913 – 5,936 ( ) 6,202 – 10,090 – 4,148 4,096 – 11,661 (3) 3 ( ) 2,388 (3) 582 3,164 Rhode Island ..................................... South Carolina .................................. South Dakota .................................... Tennessee ........................................ Texas ................................................ Utah .................................................. Vermont ............................................ Virginia .............................................. Washington ....................................... West Virginia ..................................... Wisconsin ......................................... Wyoming ........................................... 2,408 18,853 695 19,610 38,577 9,812 1,941 10,347 24,377 2,858 33,908 4,527 ( ) 3,562 661 ( ) (3) – 991 5,439 – – (3) – 1,022 8,089 Puerto Rico ....................................... 4,391 3 3 ( ) 6,675 11,483 4,547 731 1,883 6,047 1,766 3,028 Organizational changes Financial issues (3) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 11,819 958 – 3 ( ) – – 11,862 4,530 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 3 ( ) 8,404 4,373 395 865 1,118 701 (3) 1,250 1,719 – – 330 814 3,936 – (3) 786 4,861 3,986 4,596 2,125 2,004 (3) 3,335 – 3 3 3 ( ) (3) 747 1,215 3 (3) ( ) 3,876 – 2,360 – 2,464 666 (3) 3 ( ) (3) 624 Production specific 3 ( ) 1,205 – – 658 645 1,652 640 (3) 749 (3) – (3) – 3 ( ) – – 1,833 (3) – – – 594 3 ( ) 4,751 550 – 1,697 – 1,815 3 ( ) – 379 – 462 – – – 3 ( ) (3) – 3 ( ) (3) – – – – (3) – – – (3) (3) 488 579 3 ( ) 3,643 – – (3) – – (3) (3) – – – – – – – – – – – – 307 – – – 3 ( ) 1,525 – – – Seasonal 3 ( ) 2,290 43,259 8,074 3,832 1,026 4,541 2,364 2,981 910 4,771 12,820 18,855 505 15,904 1,514 1,651 1,468 1,202 25,123 1,019 30,132 (3) 799 22,246 1,022 10,720 15,517 1,229 1,511 536 3,455 3,481 4,055 1,110 2,898 5,612 ( ) – (3) – – – (3) 24,632 3,950 440 – (3) 3 1 The higher level category "other/miscellaneous" is not displayed. 3 2 See footnote 1, table 1. NOTE: Dash represents zero. 14 Disaster/safety Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. Table 9. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by major industry, private nonfarm sector, 2008 Layoff events Industry Work moved Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Separations Work not moved or unknown Work moved Work not moved or unknown Work moved Work not moved or unknown Total, private nonfarm1........................................................ 332 5,949 60,950 1,063,798 55,731 1,260,811 Mining .............................................................................. Utilities ............................................................................. Construction .................................................................... Manufacturing .................................................................. Food ............................................................................ Beverage and tobacco products .................................. Textile mills .................................................................. Textile product mills ..................................................... Apparel ........................................................................ Leather and allied products ......................................... Wood products ............................................................ Paper ........................................................................... Printing and related support activities ......................... Petroleum and coal products ....................................... – – ( 2) 219 14 – – ( 2) 40,532 3,652 ( 2) 560 1,454 995 – 6,014 1,162 136,212 387,292 24,275 2,290 8,250 3,003 4,625 481 28,780 7,942 3,878 926 – – ( 2) 39,510 3,074 ( 2) 4 12 6 – 31 8 1,191 2,089 119 16 43 21 37 4 198 45 30 8 ( 2) 448 1,498 592 – 6,136 1,409 179,074 542,727 24,288 2,789 21,623 3,787 5,487 511 36,364 7,749 5,292 887 Chemicals .................................................................... Plastics and rubber products ....................................... Nonmetallic mineral products ...................................... Primary metal .............................................................. Fabricated metal products ........................................... Machinery .................................................................... Computer and electronic products .............................. Electrical equipment and appliance ............................. Transportation equipment ........................................... Furniture and related products .................................... Miscellaneous manufacturing ...................................... 9 10 3 5 13 13 28 19 49 8 6 57 132 132 111 185 117 131 55 519 94 35 1,779 1,238 546 2,185 1,843 2,435 4,664 3,656 9,994 1,554 849 7,571 18,084 16,846 17,448 22,738 22,150 21,807 10,857 144,340 15,929 5,072 1,284 1,260 288 1,989 1,777 2,192 3,772 3,029 12,851 1,433 862 7,949 21,633 20,356 22,677 32,657 31,922 23,325 15,948 230,718 21,410 5,355 Wholesale trade .............................................................. Retail trade ...................................................................... Transportation and warehousing ..................................... Information ...................................................................... Finance and insurance .................................................... Real estate and rental and leasing .................................. Professional and technical services ................................ Management of companies and enterprises ................... Administrative and waste services .................................. Educational services ....................................................... Health care and social assistance ................................... Arts, entertainment, and recreation ................................. Accommodation and food services ................................. Other services, except public administration ................... 17 16 14 12 25 – 6 – 14 – 5 2,131 2,475 4,683 1,919 4,099 – 1,484 – 2,500 – 660 ( 2) – ( 2) 20,093 86,791 53,281 33,955 88,683 5,635 28,004 3,905 123,920 3,619 19,495 9,065 49,836 5,995 1,664 2,859 1,825 2,441 3,074 – 1,053 – 2,272 – 470 ( 2) – ( 2) 151 365 255 179 380 44 185 25 562 25 113 52 242 48 ( 2) – ( 2) 20,392 87,956 51,353 33,450 83,535 6,252 27,692 4,057 133,330 3,547 12,781 8,108 51,945 6,570 Unclassified ..................................................................... – 4 – 841 – 497 ( 2) 6 3 7 See Seefootnote footnote1,1,table table1.1. Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. DataDash do not meet BLSzero. or State agency disclosure standards. NOTE: represents NOTE: Dash represents zero. 11 2 2 15 ( 2) 1,237 317 1,150 ( 2) 1,478 265 1,114 Table 10. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2008 Layoff events Reason for layoff Work moved Total, private nonfarm1 ........................................ Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Separations Work not moved or unknown Work moved Work not moved or unknown Work moved Work not moved or unknown 332 5,949 60,950 1,063,798 55,731 1,260,811 Business demand ......................................................... 87 3,302 19,039 497,883 20,084 711,720 Contract cancellation ................................................. Contract completion ................................................... Domestic competition ................................................. Excess inventory/saturated market ............................ Import competition ..................................................... Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal business slowdown .............................................. ( ) ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 4,525 24,082 133,655 762 7,921 5,154 ( ) ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 28 139 944 5 39 26 ( ) 2 ( ) 2 ( ) 5,003 25,156 176,555 1,737 7,642 5,396 52 2,149 13,345 326,309 13,894 495,234 Organizational changes ................................................ 152 365 26,218 97,131 21,915 98,014 Business-ownership change ...................................... Reorganization or restructuring of company .............. 24 128 69 296 5,416 20,802 39,959 57,172 2,805 19,110 15,379 82,635 Financial issues ............................................................ 77 687 12,618 153,034 11,108 134,661 2 2 2 ( ) 63 2 2 2 ( ) 2 2 2 ( ) ( 2) 135 289 263 8,777 ( 2) 40,197 44,996 67,841 8,619 ( 2) 23,836 56,208 54,617 Production specific ........................................................ 5 102 799 26,382 776 24,736 Automation/technological advances .......................... Energy related ............................................................ Governmental regulations/intervention ...................... Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ................. Material or supply shortage ........................................ Model changeover ...................................................... Plant or machine repair/maintenance p ........................ Product line discontinued ........................................... – – 12 – – 1,703 – – 2,059 Bankruptcy ................................................................. Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ............ Financial difficulty ....................................................... ( 2) – ( 2) ( 2) – ( 2) ( 2) 19 19 14 ( 2) 16 10 ( 2) – ( 2) ( 2) – ( 2) 5,133 9,134 3,316 ( 2) ( 2) 3,351 , 2,040 ( 2) – ( 2) ( 2) – ( 2) 2,269 6,205 3,721 ( 2) ( 2) 2,830 , 2,077 Disaster/safety .............................................................. 6 52 1,361 7,804 1,226 7,216 Hazardous work environment .................................... Natural disaster (not weather related) ........................ Nonnatural disaster .................................................... Extreme weather-related event .................................. – – 2 ( ) – – ( 2) – – ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( ) ( 2) 47 ( 2) ( 2) ( ) ( 2) 7,206 ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) ( 2) 6,675 5 1,441 1,441 915 281,564 622 284,464 14,794 78,476 188,294 2 18,693 78,033 187,738 Other/miscellaneous ..................................................... Other .......................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal ........................................ Data not provided: Does not know ............................. 2 2 ( ) 86 ( ) ( 2) – 298 1,057 ( 2) – Seefootnote footnote1,1,table table1.1. See Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. Data do not meet BLS orzero. State agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents NOTE: Dash represents zero. 11 2 2 2 16 2 ( ) ( 2) – Table 11. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance by Census region and division, private nonfarm sector, 2008 Layoff events Separations Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Census region and division Work moved Work not moved or unknown Work moved Work not moved or unknown Work moved Work not moved or unknown United States1 ....................................................... 332 5,949 60,950 1,063,798 55,731 1,260,811 Northeast ........................................................................ 48 855 7,354 152,949 6,103 176,853 New England .............................................................. Middle Atlantic ............................................................ 10 38 140 715 1,336 6,018 20,256 132,693 1,224 4,879 21,970 154,883 South .............................................................................. 88 1,340 15,439 254,202 15,638 278,074 South Atlantic ............................................................. East South Central ..................................................... West South Central .................................................... 34 32 22 745 279 316 4,770 5,093 5,576 150,322 45,823 58,057 4,455 5,619 5,564 157,157 54,976 65,941 Midwest ........................................................................... 126 1,360 24,658 282,245 24,489 387,323 East North Central ...................................................... West North Central ..................................................... 93 33 1,105 255 18,094 6,564 242,080 40,165 16,435 8,054 335,724 51,599 West ............................................................................... 70 2,394 13,499 374,402 9,501 418,561 Mountain ..................................................................... Pacific ......................................................................... 6 64 312 2,082 1,431 12,068 54,368 320,034 761 8,740 55,935 362,626 See footnote1,1, table See footnote table 1. 1. NOTE: TheStates States the District of Columbia) make up NOTE: The (and(and the District of Columbia) that makethat up the census New England—Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New thedivisions Censusare:divisions are as follows: New England—Connecticut, Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Hampshire, Vermont; Middle Atlantic—New Jersey, New Maine, Massachusetts, New Rhode Island, and Vermont; York, and Pennsylvania; South Atlantic—Delaware, District of Columbia, Middle Jersey, York, South and Pennsylvania; South Florida,Atlantic—New Georgia, Maryland, NorthNew Carolina, Carolina, Virginia, and Atlantic—Delaware, District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Maryland, West Virginia; East South Central—Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and West Virginia; East 1 1 South Central—Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; Tennessee; West South Central—Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and West East South Central—Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, Texas; Texas; North Central—Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and and Wisconsin; EastNorth NorthCentral—Iowa, Central—Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio,Nebraska, and Wisconsin; West Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain—Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Nebraska, Montana, West North Central—Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific—Alaska, California, North Dakota, and South Dakota; Mountain—Arizona, Colorado, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, and Wyoming; and Pacific—Alaska, California, Hawaii, Oregon, and Washington. 17 Table 12. Movement of work: nonseasonal and nonvacation period unemployment insurance benefit exhaustion rates by selected claimant characteristics, private nonfarm sector, 2008 Initial claims for unemployment insurance Characteristic Work not moved or unknown Work moved Total, private nonfarm1 ……………… Final payments for unemployment insurance Percentage of initial claimants receiving final payments Work moved Work not moved or unknown Work moved Work not moved or unknown 55,731 1,260,811 14,594 165,307 26.2 13.1 8,122 18,568 16,436 12,250 355 255,909 450,553 333,857 209,009 11,483 1,856 4,603 4,372 3,714 49 33,644 58,273 41,561 31,466 363 22.9 24.8 26.6 30.3 13.8 13.1 12.9 12.4 15.1 3.2 29,484 24,885 1,362 820,377 431,332 9,102 6,837 7,433 324 94,614 69,997 696 23.2 29.9 23.8 11.5 16.2 7.6 32,863 9,005 6,329 364 2,277 4,893 719,041 183,914 211,505 8,737 41,282 96,332 7,583 3,038 1,963 73 597 1,340 81,994 31,395 30,775 1,115 6,384 13,644 23.1 33.7 31.0 20.1 26.2 27.4 11.4 17.1 14.6 12.8 15.5 14.2 Age Under 30 years of age …………………… 30–44 ……………………………………… 45–54 ……………………………………… 55 years of age or over ………………… Not available ……………………………… Gender Male ……………………………………… Female …………………………………… Not available ……………………………… Race/ethnicity White ……………………………………… Black ……………………………………… Hispanic origin …………………………… American Indian or Alaska Native ……… Asian or Pacific Islander ………………… Not available ……………………………… 1 See footnote 1, table 1. Table 13. Extended mass layoff events and separations, selected measures, 2007–08 Layoff events Action Separations 2007 2008 Total private nonfarm ………………………………………… 5,363 8,263 965,935 1,517,857 Total, excluding seasonal and vacation events2………… 3,483 6,281 601,659 1,124,748 Total, movement of work3 ……………………………… 267 332 46,459 60,950 Movement of work actions ………………………… 352 443 ( 4( )4 ) ( 4( )4 ) With separations reported ……………………… 253 319 30,179 35,076 99 124 ( 4( )4 ) ( 4( )4 ) 1 With separations unknown …………………… 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 The questions on movement of work were not asked of employers when the reason for layoff was 2007 2008 either "seasonal work" or "vacation period." 3 Movement of work can involve more than one action. 4 Data are not available. 18 Table 14. Movement of work actions by type of separation where number of separations is known by employers, 2007–08 1 Separations Actions Activities 2007 2008 2007 2008 253 319 30,179 35,076 Out-of-country relocations ……………………………....... Within company …………………………………..……… Different company …………..................……………… 85 72 13 95 83 12 11,856 9,887 1,969 11,431 10,392 1,039 Domestic relocations ………......................……………… Within company …………………………………….…… Different company ……………………………….……… 166 147 19 223 200 23 18,073 15,846 2,227 23,370 20,943 2,427 2 1 250 275 Within company ………………............................………… Domestic ……………………..............................……… Out of country ……………….........................………… Unable to assign ………………………………………… 221 147 72 2 283 200 83 25,983 15,846 9,887 250 31,335 20,943 10,392 Different company ……………………………………….... Domestic ………………………………………………… Out of country …………………………………………… Unable to assign ………………………………………… 32 19 13 – 36 23 12 1 4,196 2,227 1,969 – 3,741 2,427 1,039 275 With separations reported2…………………………………. By location Unable to assign place of relocation ……………………… By company 1 Only actions for which separations associated with the movement of work were reported are shown. 2 See footnote 1, table 1. NOTE: Dash represents zero. Table 15. Distribution of extended mass layoff events and separations by size of layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2007–08 Layoff events Number of workers 2 Total, private nonfarm …… 50–99 …………………………… 100–149 ……………………… 150–199 ……………………… 200–299 ……………………… 300–499 ……………………… 500–999 ……………………… 1,000 or more ………………… Separations 1 Number 2007 2008 2007 2008 5,363 8,263 100.0 100.0 2,401 1,274 530 557 351 167 83 3,443 1,956 885 981 574 293 131 44.8 23.8 9.9 10.4 6.5 3.1 1.5 41.7 23.7 10.7 11.9 6.9 3.5 1.6 1 Due to rounding, sums of individual percentages may not equal 100.0 percent. 2 See footnote 1, table 1. 19 Percent1 Number Percent 2007 2008 2007 2008 965,935 1,517,857 100.0 100.0 168,321 149,651 88,754 129,305 125,821 110,108 193,975 244,399 230,029 148,578 228,149 210,350 195,623 260,729 17.4 15.5 9.2 13.4 13.0 11.4 20.1 16.1 15.2 9.8 15.0 13.9 12.9 17.2 Table 16. Average number of separations in extended mass layoff events by selected measures, private nonfarm sector, 2001–08 Average number of separations Measure 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Total, private nonfarm 1 ................................... 207 201 197 198 181 192 180 184 Industry Mining …………………………………………………… Utilities …………………………………………………… Construction …………………………………………… Manufacturing …………………………………………… Wholesale trade ………………………………………… Retail trade ……………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing ……………………… Information ……………………………………………… 215 202 144 192 161 289 297 186 149 178 140 191 161 329 243 196 158 135 140 183 181 308 250 259 153 228 137 173 169 418 213 215 134 140 127 173 131 237 225 202 173 154 119 200 166 320 223 168 138 131 114 177 132 415 212 144 166 185 119 187 133 252 209 186 Finance and insurance ………………………………… Real estate and rental and leasing …………………… Professional and technical services ………………… Management of companies and enterprises ………… Administrative and waste services …………………… Educational services …………………………………… Health care and social assistance …………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………… Accommodation and food services …………………… Other services, except public administration ………… Unclassified establishments …………………………… 190 230 199 209 283 110 137 316 217 138 206 193 173 224 248 221 114 136 372 206 159 163 193 166 194 195 222 182 137 275 215 132 161 216 299 220 176 208 89 156 273 219 169 125 172 140 268 156 185 238 140 386 210 145 200 193 102 286 143 192 102 130 331 235 132 – 177 137 288 146 162 130 155 325 211 141 212 229 125 262 154 210 128 139 294 223 125 210 Business demand ..................................................... Contract cancellation ............................................. Contract completion .............................................. Domestic competition ............................................ Excess inventory/saturated market ....................... Import competition ................................................. Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal business slowdown ......................................... 174 177 186 172 190 180 168 297 170 181 166 220 154 161 168 144 152 138 3 ( ) ( 3) 207 3 ( ) ( 3) 214 3 ( ) ( 3) 158 3 ( ) ( 3) 198 3 ( ) ( 3) 163 131 153 120 118 195 159 153 172 141 202 203 179 167 163 143 132 131 152 137 154 Organizational changes ........................................... Business-ownership change ................................. Reorganization or restructuring of company ......... 220 267 207 204 230 198 209 271 198 200 238 191 188 222 179 251 336 229 313 722 173 239 488 184 Financial issues ........................................................ Bankruptcy ............................................................ Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ....... Financial difficulty .................................................. 303 470 270 359 261 341 205 224 207 238 228 283 ( 3) 231 ( 3) 226 ( 3) 217 ( 3) 197 ( 3) 187 ( 3) 209 223 267 196 232 217 298 153 258 Production specific ................................................... Automation/technological advances ...................... Energy related ....................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention ................. Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ............. Material or supply shortage ................................... Model changeover ................................................. Plant or machine repair/maintenance ................... Product line discontinued ...................................... 229 127 274 163 171 353 308 203 172 425 220 – 237 181 246 321 134 150 ( 3) 304 99 372 143 248 ( 3) 192 159 283 157 123 ( 3) 861 121 368 138 177 ( 3) 966 77 269 148 204 ( 3) 344 138 362 133 186 ( 3) 629 149 475 183 269 234 231 392 188 274 89 723 185 177 254 142 131 262 481 230 206 209 192 Disaster/safety ......................................................... Hazardous work environment ............................... Natural disaster (not weather related) ................... Nonnatural disaster ............................................... Extreme weather-related event ............................. 142 123 155 235 107 131 239 135 139 120 175 209 252 168 162 134 459 138 130 123 155 255 254 165 154 123 172 168 309 95 106 120 202 95 94 158 120 127 275 151 Seasonal .................................................................. Seasonal ............................................................... Vacation period–school related or otherwise ........ 206 207 194 211 212 178 201 202 193 197 199 160 195 197 156 206 209 157 194 196 184 198 206 169 Other/miscellaneous ................................................ Other ..................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal .................................... Data not provided: Does not know ........................ 199 212 197 159 214 187 276 190 201 175 218 174 213 218 227 178 208 178 238 184 213 195 244 177 167 163 186 158 195 170 264 178 Domestic relocation .................................................. Overseas relocation ................................................. 185 199 195 251 161 213 5 ( ) ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) ( 5) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) 5 ( ) ( 5) 304 185 230 259 189 213 229 183 201 214 181 222 192 178 187 248 185 200 212 180 167 240 179 186 Reason for layoff2 ( ) ( 3) 213 4 3 Other selected measures Worksite closures ……………………………………… Recall expected ………………………………………… No recall expected ……………………………………… 1 See footnote 1, table 1. related to the September 11 attacks. Thus, data for 2001 pertain to the 2 See footnote 1, table 6. third and fourth quarters only. 3 Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data. 4 Nonnatural disaster was added as a reason for layoff in the third quarter of 2001, in order to be able to identify layoffs directly or indirectly 5 Beginning with data for 2004, these reasons for layoff are no longer used. For additional information, see the Technical Note. NOTE: Dash represents zero. 20 Table 17. State and selected claimant characteristics: extended mass layoff events and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2007–08 Layoff events State 2007 2008 Total, private nonfarm ......... 5,363 8,263 Alabama ...................................... Alaska ......................................... Arizona ........................................ Arkansas ..................................... California ..................................... Colorado ...................................... Connecticut ................................. Delaware ..................................... District of Columbia ..................... Florida ......................................... Georgia ....................................... Hawaii ......................................... Idaho ........................................... 39 17 38 32 1,412 40 33 6 4 219 63 18 31 Illinois .......................................... Indiana ........................................ Iowa ............................................. Kansas ........................................ Kentucky ..................................... Louisiana ..................................... Maine .......................................... Maryland ..................................... Massachusetts ............................ Michigan ...................................... Minnesota .................................... Mississippi ................................... Missouri ....................................... Percent of total Total initial claimants for unemployment insurance Black Women People age 55 and older 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 978,712 1,665,377 15.5 14.5 16.3 16.6 39.7 37.1 18.6 18.1 60 22 64 48 2,163 59 47 11 8 480 114 32 93 7,532 3,514 5,714 6,775 237,436 4,505 6,327 479 456 30,054 15,682 2,440 4,502 18,019 5,116 10,170 9,015 372,326 7,884 8,527 1,332 936 93,007 30,610 5,611 13,492 57.6 3.9 6.4 28.3 8.7 2.7 12.4 43.8 79.6 17.6 38.3 8.8 .8 48.5 4.3 5.4 31.6 8.9 5.3 13.5 27.2 83.0 15.4 36.5 3.7 .3 3.4 18.0 40.2 2.7 37.6 35.3 10.1 10.4 8.6 29.3 7.1 14.4 14.6 3.0 16.4 38.4 6.0 38.1 30.8 12.9 5.7 6.3 28.6 7.0 10.5 13.3 53.6 33.6 56.3 41.0 38.7 29.3 58.0 59.5 65.4 45.4 50.0 40.3 35.1 47.6 34.1 42.9 51.0 38.5 32.5 46.0 36.4 62.5 39.8 41.5 32.9 37.0 21.1 22.0 14.4 18.5 14.2 19.6 22.6 27.8 15.4 22.9 16.9 18.6 19.3 15.5 24.8 15.2 14.5 15.0 19.3 24.0 24.6 15.2 19.6 16.1 16.4 17.5 431 119 44 27 60 41 30 78 80 233 133 30 122 591 289 79 55 127 100 17 54 107 385 169 59 201 76,258 29,213 8,736 4,215 7,919 4,815 3,431 9,630 11,941 78,082 19,328 4,025 21,752 122,372 80,622 19,926 8,188 19,625 16,455 2,611 7,239 17,138 135,460 28,250 8,516 35,114 21.6 11.8 2.6 16.0 7.0 63.1 1.9 41.7 12.0 24.8 3.7 72.6 19.2 21.4 7.5 2.9 11.5 6.5 57.6 1.5 43.5 11.0 18.3 4.8 56.3 16.5 14.8 4.2 4.5 3.3 .2 1.1 .3 .4 1.7 4.1 7.4 1.0 .3 14.6 4.2 3.0 4.5 .2 2.4 .2 2.5 1.8 3.8 5.9 2.6 .3 39.6 32.3 29.4 44.0 23.9 54.3 36.8 45.9 42.0 33.2 20.8 48.3 47.8 38.5 30.9 32.4 40.3 18.8 44.0 32.7 43.0 45.8 30.0 22.4 39.5 44.4 16.0 17.3 17.5 20.3 18.2 21.1 19.5 19.9 22.3 16.8 16.7 16.1 22.2 16.2 15.7 19.3 17.4 15.3 18.7 24.4 22.3 22.9 18.5 16.6 15.5 21.5 Montana ...................................... Nebraska ..................................... Nevada ........................................ New Hampshire ........................... New Jersey ................................. New Mexico ................................. New York ..................................... North Carolina ............................. North Dakota ............................... Ohio ............................................. Oklahoma .................................... Oregon ........................................ Pennsylvania ............................... 20 11 30 12 190 18 371 47 12 277 13 74 303 32 19 94 12 248 38 413 69 11 385 32 130 475 2,151 1,142 5,829 1,462 33,736 2,513 67,834 9,882 1,614 50,299 2,384 17,247 72,998 3,903 2,166 22,542 1,434 46,298 5,886 80,110 15,009 1,364 86,755 6,549 34,552 100,346 .3 8.1 12.7 1.0 19.9 3.2 14.1 40.9 –– 14.4 17.5 1.8 7.5 .1 5.0 9.4 .9 21.1 2.8 13.4 37.1 2.0 13.1 8.4 .9 6.0 3.5 6.1 20.8 1.6 8.9 48.2 12.3 3.8 3.0 2.7 7.0 21.8 3.4 3.5 10.1 32.0 1.5 8.1 43.7 12.2 5.9 3.1 3.2 5.0 15.8 3.7 27.2 28.3 40.1 50.2 59.9 34.0 41.7 48.5 15.9 32.5 44.6 46.7 39.7 22.3 23.1 42.4 51.7 53.3 29.2 41.4 41.0 19.1 31.9 30.2 34.0 34.3 22.2 32.9 22.0 28.1 29.3 20.7 25.7 22.2 19.5 15.9 15.2 19.7 24.0 21.4 27.7 17.9 27.5 26.4 18.9 21.7 20.9 17.2 18.4 15.7 20.4 24.3 Rhode Island ............................... South Carolina ............................ South Dakota .............................. Tennessee .................................. Texas .......................................... Utah ............................................. Vermont ....................................... Virginia ........................................ Washington ................................. West Virginia ............................... Wisconsin .................................... Wyoming ..................................... 21 33 6 80 109 27 15 72 83 18 137 4 21 84 5 130 203 34 15 48 145 20 160 6 3,127 4,706 448 17,584 20,636 3,835 2,224 12,455 11,865 1,925 25,795 260 2,428 20,755 541 24,465 46,700 6,509 2,162 8,377 24,819 2,533 41,099 514 3.6 68.2 2.9 28.6 20.0 1.4 .5 34.3 5.3 .3 6.0 1.2 3.8 63.9 1.7 26.3 17.6 1.8 .8 31.5 4.5 .3 4.7 .8 17.9 .3 6.9 .1 38.6 13.4 .4 2.9 18.3 –– 8.9 .8 18.3 .8 7.0 .1 42.2 17.1 .3 3.5 13.0 –– 6.8 .8 69.5 61.0 53.1 40.9 46.5 21.9 41.0 46.4 35.9 17.9 28.4 25.4 58.6 47.6 53.4 44.8 32.6 36.1 29.1 43.7 36.0 29.0 31.9 29.2 26.5 6.9 31.3 24.2 13.7 10.7 23.2 20.6 16.2 13.7 21.4 25.0 32.8 6.7 24.2 23.4 13.5 10.7 20.3 22.8 18.5 14.4 21.1 23.9 Puerto Rico ................................. 48 47 12,073 10,281 .1 .1 97.9 98.2 57.9 56.6 8.7 9.5 1 1 2007 Hispanic origin See footnote 1, table 1. NOTE: Dash represents zero. 21 Table 18. Claimant race and ethnicity: percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2007–08 Percent of total race/ethnicity1 Measure White Hispanic origin Black American Indian or Alaska Native Asian or Pacific Islander 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 58.4 58.0 15.5 14.5 16.3 Mining …………………………………………………… Utilities ………………………………………………… Construction …………………………………………… Manufacturing ………………………………………… Wholesale trade ……………………………………… Retail trade ……………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing …………………… Information ……………………………………………… 83.7 89.7 67.6 61.7 49.9 48.6 54.3 68.0 71.6 86.3 63.0 65.2 49.0 47.7 56.2 57.7 2.4 2.9 5.4 17.0 11.1 19.6 23.2 10.6 2.9 4.4 6.1 14.0 13.9 18.1 19.5 15.4 Finance and insurance ………………………………… Real estate and rental and leasing …………………… Professional and technical services ………………… Management of companies and enterprises ……… Administrative and waste services …………………… Educational services …………………………………… Health care and social assistance …………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………… Accommodation and food services ………………… Other services, except public administration ……… Unclassified establishments ………………………… 50.3 53.2 60.3 57.0 49.9 37.0 40.3 66.3 53.3 43.9 55.0 48.0 48.5 61.5 57.6 45.9 42.4 41.1 61.2 48.2 41.6 49.3 12.2 15.1 12.9 21.3 23.1 31.3 21.8 11.5 20.3 30.8 5.6 Business demand .................................................... Contract cancellation ............................................ Contract completion ............................................. Domestic competition ........................................... Excess inventory/saturated market ...................... Import competition ................................................ Slackwork/insufficient work/insufficientdemand/nonseasonal demand/nonseasona Slack business slowdown slowdown ........................................ business 61.2 51.2 55.9 59.3 70.1 61.9 61.1 53.8 54.3 52.1 68.3 58.9 14.9 24.3 11.2 13.8 17.5 28.1 65.7 63.8 16.0 12.9 10.6 13.2 .4 .7 1.9 2.5 Organizational changes ........................................... Business-ownership change ................................ Reorganization or restructuring of company ........ 53.8 54.6 53.6 51.8 53.4 51.6 18.7 14.7 19.8 17.4 15.6 17.8 14.9 17.5 14.1 15.4 15.7 15.3 .6 .5 .6 .5 .6 .5 4.1 4.2 4.0 5.1 5.6 5.0 Financial issues ....................................................... Bankruptcy ........................................................... Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ...... Financial difficulty ................................................. 53.1 63.7 52.1 51.7 52.8 59.7 52.7 49.9 17.0 12.5 18.4 16.6 15.1 13.1 15.4 15.5 14.4 13.6 14.2 14.8 17.5 11.2 17.9 19.7 .6 .4 .6 .7 .6 .4 .6 .6 4.6 2.8 4.5 5.0 5.6 6.4 5.0 5.8 Production specific .................................................. Automation/technological advances ..................... Energy related ...................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention ................. Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ............ Material or supply shortage .................................. Model changeover ................................................ Plant or machine repair/maintenance ................... Product line discontinued ..................................... 61.2 33.9 5.6 42.0 62.1 71.3 67.6 66.5 69.8 63.3 33.0 87.0 32.6 81.2 50.2 62.8 52.8 60.5 14.7 22.0 0.4 29.5 6.1 17.7 19.5 9.2 14.7 14.2 7.1 2.7 25.7 7.0 26.3 5.6 24.5 21.7 8.1 34.1 90.9 11.9 3.4 7.5 .4 16.7 5.3 10.3 44.6 6.3 14.5 3.8 6.8 1.8 12.4 7.4 .4 1.3 .4 .7 .2 .6 .2 .6 .4 .5 1.1 .3 .3 .2 .4 – 1.7 .4 1.9 3.4 1.2 2.9 2.1 1.7 .6 1.8 4.5 2.8 6.8 1.4 7.8 2.0 1.5 .8 1.4 4.4 Disaster/safety ......................................................... Hazardous work environment ............................... Natural disaster (not weather related) .................. Nonnatural disaster .............................................. Extreme weather-related event ............................ 66.1 73.3 49.7 52.5 71.5 45.0 32.1 57.9 64.5 42.4 6.6 3.4 10.1 17.7 3.9 35.0 – 35.9 .7 39.2 17.2 10.3 23.0 20.0 16.0 12.7 – .4 26.3 11.7 3.3 1.4 .5 .7 4.5 .7 – – .6 .7 1.7 – 11.9 .5 .1 1.9 – 1.1 7.0 1.4 Seasonal ................................................................. Seasonal .............................................................. Vacation period–school related or otherwise ....... 60.4 63.4 50.5 61.4 62.1 58.6 14.3 11.5 23.6 13.7 12.4 19.0 17.6 17.5 17.9 17.0 17.6 14.6 .7 .8 .6 .7 .7 .7 2.1 2.2 1.5 2.3 2.5 1.4 Other/miscellaneous ................................................ Other .................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal ................................... Data not provided: Does not know ....................... 50.0 56.3 54.3 46.5 51.2 41.5 52.0 51.8 17.8 10.7 16.7 19.4 16.8 16.2 20.0 15.5 17.8 14.5 14.3 20.5 18.6 24.8 14.9 19.5 .8 .6 1.0 .8 .7 .9 .6 .8 4.3 7.5 4.3 3.8 3.7 6.2 3.4 3.6 Total, private nonfarm2 ................................. 2007 2008 2007 2008 16.6 .7 .7 2.6 3.1 5.5 5.2 21.0 12.6 26.6 20.3 14.3 8.7 17.3 4.7 23.7 10.9 25.6 21.9 14.0 13.0 .8 .6 1.0 .6 .9 .9 .5 .7 1.8 .3 1.2 .6 .6 .7 .5 .6 .1 .4 .8 2.8 2.3 2.4 1.4 3.0 1.0 .8 1.3 2.9 3.2 3.2 2.8 4.0 13.1 13.5 13.6 23.7 20.0 23.4 24.5 13.7 17.9 27.9 4.0 18.6 15.3 14.6 11.0 18.1 18.1 23.3 12.6 14.1 14.7 21.5 17.6 23.2 12.3 9.5 23.5 19.3 24.2 13.4 19.5 17.8 7.0 .4 .5 .7 .8 .8 .6 .7 .5 .6 1.5 1.4 .4 .5 .5 .6 .6 .6 .6 .7 .6 1.5 .4 7.1 4.3 4.0 5.5 2.0 2.9 1.8 1.7 3.7 2.2 9.2 7.9 4.5 4.3 4.1 2.2 4.3 2.6 2.4 6.1 3.2 4.2 13.1 19.5 11.8 30.0 17.2 21.3 16.1 11.4 25.0 18.8 5.7 4.9 16.0 15.7 25.3 3.7 8.8 7.2 .7 .9 .9 .4 .4 1.0 .7 .8 .9 1.6 .9 .4 1.7 2.5 1.5 2.0 2.5 .9 2.5 3.9 2.1 1.0 2.3 5.1 Industry Reason for layoff3 3 1 3 Due to some nonreporting, sums of percentages within race/ethnicity may not equal 100.0 percent. 2 See footnote 1, table 6. NOTE: Dash represents zero. See footnote 1, table 1. 22 Table 19. Claimant age and gender: percent of initial claimants for unemployment insurance, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2007–08 1 1 2 Percent oftotal totalby bygender gender Percent of Percent of Percent oftotal totalby byage age 1 Measure Less than 30 years 30–44 45–54 55 or older Men Women 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 2007 2008 18.8 19.8 35.2 34.8 26.9 26.5 18.6 18.1 59.8 62.2 39.7 37.1 Mining …………………………………………………… Utilities …………………………………………………… Construction …………………………………………… Manufacturing ………………………………………… Wholesale trade ………………………………………… Retail trade ……………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing …………………… Information ……………………………………………… Finance and insurance ………………………………… 14.8 15.1 19.4 12.5 14.0 39.8 12.9 17.3 28.1 23.7 15.9 20.0 13.7 17.8 40.4 14.9 18.4 22.8 33.2 31.8 39.4 35.7 32.3 28.0 31.0 39.7 42.2 37.2 30.3 39.5 35.1 36.4 27.3 32.0 37.3 40.7 31.7 32.9 28.0 31.6 31.2 18.2 25.3 25.2 18.0 24.9 29.5 26.9 30.6 26.9 17.8 26.3 24.6 21.2 20.2 20.0 13.1 19.5 22.4 13.6 30.6 17.7 11.4 13.9 23.8 13.2 19.2 18.2 14.1 26.3 19.4 15.0 93.7 90.4 92.8 65.5 58.3 41.6 46.1 58.2 37.7 93.5 85.3 92.8 67.3 62.5 42.7 53.7 55.3 39.2 4.7 9.3 6.8 34.1 39.6 58.1 53.8 41.7 62.2 5.6 14.3 6.7 31.7 36.9 56.9 45.8 44.5 60.3 Real estate and rental and leasing …………………… Professional and technical services ………………… Management of companies and enterprises ………… Administrative and waste services …………………… Educational services …………………………………… Health care and social assistance …………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………… Accommodation and food services ………………… Other services, except public administration ……… Unclassified establishments ………………………… 24.3 16.5 18.3 26.8 15.7 16.6 24.3 16.3 16.2 11.4 28.6 15.2 22.5 28.0 17.4 16.7 26.6 23.3 22.1 10.1 36.7 30.3 35.4 33.9 35.3 38.7 25.5 29.7 36.1 38.0 33.7 32.0 36.7 34.7 33.5 37.2 25.6 29.7 33.5 37.6 23.4 23.6 27.3 23.7 25.9 25.7 19.9 28.8 26.0 26.7 21.3 23.7 25.0 22.7 24.8 25.7 19.0 25.4 23.8 28.2 15.3 29.4 18.8 15.3 23.0 18.3 30.1 24.7 19.9 23.9 16.1 28.8 15.6 14.2 24.1 20.0 28.3 20.3 18.8 23.5 51.9 42.6 43.7 59.3 26.7 9.9 53.8 31.5 31.6 77.2 52.0 45.4 46.4 60.7 29.8 12.6 54.3 37.8 38.0 51.7 47.9 57.2 56.2 40.4 73.3 84.3 45.7 68.2 68.2 22.7 47.8 54.2 53.3 38.2 70.1 87.0 45.3 61.7 61.7 48.1 Business demand .................................................... Contract cancellation ............................................ Contract completion .............................................. Domestic competition ........................................... Excess inventory/saturated market ....................... Import competition ................................................ Slack work/insufficient work/insufficientdemand/nonseasonal demand/non-seasonal Slack businessslowdown slowdown ......................................... business 17.8 23.5 20.1 16.7 15.6 8.2 18.8 23.2 21.9 10.5 14.7 10.3 36.7 31.4 37.4 35.3 37.4 29.2 36.6 35.4 37.4 37.3 34.5 31.4 28.6 26.1 27.8 29.4 29.6 34.7 27.9 24.0 26.0 31.2 28.6 31.6 16.5 18.8 14.6 18.5 16.6 24.3 16.3 16.4 14.4 15.4 19.1 24.7 72.1 52.3 81.9 80.0 71.9 59.5 71.4 60.4 81.7 52.1 71.5 52.4 27.5 47.1 17.6 20.0 28.1 39.5 27.7 39.4 17.4 41.0 28.0 47.5 16.4 17.7 37.1 36.5 28.9 28.6 17.3 16.8 66.5 68.8 33.3 30.2 Organizational changes ........................................... Business-ownership change ................................. Reorganization or restructuring of company ......... 19.4 17.9 19.8 20.1 20.6 20.0 34.8 33.8 35.1 35.6 34.3 35.8 26.9 27.7 26.6 26.3 25.6 26.4 18.8 20.1 18.4 17.9 19.3 17.7 49.7 46.2 50.6 52.6 48.8 53.2 49.8 53.7 48.7 46.3 51.0 45.5 Financial issues ....................................................... Bankruptcy ............................................................ Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ....... Financial difficulty ................................................. 22.3 19.4 21.3 24.0 22.5 23.6 21.1 23.6 37.8 39.8 36.5 38.6 34.2 35.2 34.0 34.0 23.8 23.0 25.6 22.1 24.8 23.9 25.5 24.5 15.7 16.9 16.4 14.8 18.2 16.9 19.1 17.6 50.1 44.0 53.9 47.7 52.0 54.1 53.0 50.1 49.4 55.9 45.5 51.9 47.4 44.1 46.4 49.8 Production specific ................................................... Automation/technological advances ..................... Energy related ...................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention ................. Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ............ Material or supply shortage .................................. Model changeover ................................................ Plant or machine repair/maintenance ................... Product line discontinued ...................................... 10.5 12.4 14.3 29.8 9.1 12.7 3.7 18.4 12.1 14.7 13.9 27.2 18.4 7.2 11.7 15.9 12.0 13.6 35.5 37.1 42.1 33.4 39.0 34.9 32.0 37.8 32.9 35.9 31.7 46.2 34.6 37.6 25.7 49.7 26.9 37.4 36.4 32.0 29.0 22.0 34.2 26.8 47.5 28.7 36.6 29.2 31.0 18.7 25.3 32.7 37.3 22.6 30.4 31.4 16.3 18.4 14.7 14.7 17.7 10.5 16.2 15.0 18.4 19.3 23.3 8.0 21.3 22.4 25.3 11.8 22.6 17.5 66.2 66.2 57.5 42.6 59.5 83.0 74.4 68.7 62.9 65.5 48.7 78.8 40.3 76.2 66.8 52.0 62.3 57.2 27.7 32.0 42.5 57.4 20.4 17.0 25.6 31.3 36.9 32.9 49.4 21.2 57.1 23.7 33.2 19.2 37.7 41.4 Disaster/safety ......................................................... Hazardous work environment ............................... Natural disaster (not weather related) .................. Nonnatural disaster ............................................... Extreme weather-related event ............................. 17.6 27.4 17.2 14.3 17.7 28.6 33.3 4.8 27.9 29.6 36.3 26.0 31.7 37.0 37.7 35.5 24.7 26.7 33.9 36.1 30.2 29.5 30.7 27.0 30.8 22.7 28.4 37.0 25.1 21.8 15.8 17.1 20.4 21.6 13.7 13.1 13.6 31.5 12.7 12.5 86.3 98.6 47.1 77.5 94.6 57.5 29.6 82.8 56.9 56.9 13.3 1.4 52.6 22.5 4.9 41.8 2.5 17.2 43.1 43.0 Seasonal .................................................................. Seasonal ............................................................... Vacation period--school related or otherwise ....... Vacation period—school 18.1 20.5 10.2 18.6 20.5 11.1 32.6 32.9 31.5 31.8 32.1 30.5 26.2 25.8 27.5 26.1 25.8 27.1 22.9 20.7 30.1 22.9 21.0 30.8 51.4 59.7 23.3 53.1 59.7 26.1 48.3 39.9 76.5 46.4 39.8 73.4 Other/miscellaneous ................................................ Other ..................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal ................................... Data not provided: Does not know ........................ 23.0 16.6 21.8 24.6 22.3 28.9 23.3 21.2 36.1 37.9 35.8 36.1 34.0 31.7 35.1 33.8 23.6 26.2 24.7 22.6 24.3 21.6 23.7 24.9 16.1 19.1 16.3 15.6 16.7 15.3 16.8 16.9 56.3 64.1 56.1 55.5 58.6 52.3 59.7 58.9 43.4 35.5 43.8 44.2 41.0 46.8 39.9 40.9 Total,private privatenonfarm nonfarm22 .................................. Total, Industry Reason for Reason for layoff layoff3 3 1 Due to some nonreporting, sums of percentages within age and gender may not equal 100.0 percent. 23 2 See footnote 1, table 1. 3 See footnote 1, table 6. Table 20. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by State, private nonfarm sector, 2008 Continued claims without earnings1 State Total, private nonfarm2…………………………… Initial claims for unemployment insurance Number Average number filed per initial claimant Final payments for unemployment insurance1 Number Percentage of initial claimants receiving final payments 1,665,377 3,293,777 2.0 220,407 13.2 Alabama …………………………………………………… Alaska ……………………………………………………… Arizona …………………………………………………… Arkansas …………………………………………………… California …………………………………………………… Colorado …………………………………………………… Connecticut ………………………………………………… Delaware …………………………………………………… District of Columbia ……………………………………… Florida ……………………………………………………… Georgia …………………………………………………… Hawaii ……………………………………………………… Idaho ……………………………………………………… 18,019 5,116 10,170 9,015 372,326 7,884 8,527 1,332 936 93,007 30,610 5,611 13,492 34,780 9,551 18,762 19,911 771,473 19,968 21,725 1,773 3,638 240,202 48,781 14,326 18,650 1.9 1.9 1.8 2.2 2.1 2.5 2.5 1.3 3.9 2.6 1.6 2.6 1.4 2,271 781 1,389 1,492 60,753 235 1,591 92 207 23,015 5,673 1,001 1,201 12.6 15.3 13.7 16.6 16.3 3.0 18.7 6.9 22.1 24.7 18.5 17.8 8.9 Illinois ……………………………………………………… Indiana ……………………………………………………… Iowa ………………………………………………………… Kansas …………………………………………………… Kentucky …………………………………………………… Louisiana …………………………………………………… Maine ……………………………………………………… Maryland …………………………………………………… Massachusetts …………………………………………… Michigan …………………………………………………… Minnesota ………………………………………………… Mississippi ………………………………………………… Missouri …………………………………………………… 122,372 80,622 19,926 8,188 19,625 16,455 2,611 7,239 17,138 135,460 28,250 8,516 35,114 299,641 152,937 36,249 16,509 4,657 20,879 4,188 19,520 34,540 201,801 63,538 20,692 74,794 2.4 1.9 1.8 2.0 .2 1.3 1.6 2.7 2.0 1.5 2.2 2.4 2.1 16,049 11,510 1,717 1,145 1,734 1,459 509 1,141 2,998 10,077 3,004 1,278 3,453 13.1 14.3 8.6 14.0 8.8 8.9 19.5 15.8 17.5 7.4 10.6 15.0 9.8 Montana …………………………………………………… Nebraska …………………………………………………… Nevada ........................................................................ New Hampshire ........................................................... New Jersey .................................................................. New Mexico ................................................................. New York…………………………………………………… North Carolina …………………………………………… North Dakota ……………………………………………… Ohio ………………………………………………………… Oklahoma ………………………………………………… Oregon …………………………………………………… Pennsylvania ……………………………………………… 3,903 2,166 22,542 1,434 46,298 5,886 80,110 15,009 1,364 86,755 6,549 34,552 100,346 5,948 2,658 37,721 2,802 114,863 15,765 180,291 51,003 1,786 177,201 11,031 53,005 121,529 1.5 1.2 1.7 2.0 2.5 2.7 2.3 3.4 1.3 2.0 1.7 1.5 1.2 351 32 2,300 91 8,522 1,185 10,930 3,984 245 7,466 345 2,625 5,059 9.0 1.5 10.2 6.3 18.4 20.1 13.6 26.5 18.0 8.6 5.3 7.6 5.0 Rhode Island ……………………………………………… South Carolina …………………………………………… South Dakota ……………………………………………… Tennessee ………………………………………………… Texas ……………………………………………………… Utah ………………………………………………………… Vermont …………………………………………………… Virginia …………………………………………………… Washington ………………………………………………… West Virginia ……………………………………………… Wisconsin ………………………………………………… Wyoming …………………………………………………… 2,428 20,755 541 24,465 46,700 6,509 2,162 8,377 24,819 2,533 41,099 514 5,124 32,409 775 61,994 87,054 9,964 4,109 18,275 50,629 5,623 67,507 1,226 2.1 1.6 1.4 2.5 1.9 1.5 1.9 2.2 2.0 2.2 1.6 2.4 277 2,075 58 4,412 5,648 378 247 1,625 1,998 54 4,578 147 11.4 10.0 10.7 18.0 12.1 5.8 11.4 19.4 8.1 2.1 11.1 28.6 Puerto Rico ………………………………………………… 10,281 24,019 2.3 575 5.6 1 Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued claim activ1The The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued ityclaim for initial claimants associated with associated extended mass oncemass a month activity for initial claimants with layoffs extended during theonce Current Population Survey week, which(CPS) is usually layoffs a month during the (CPS) Currentreference Population Survey thereference week including 12thisday of thethe month. with earnings week, the which usually weekContinued including claims the 12th day of the month. Continued claims with earnings are excluded because are excluded because individuals who make such claims are classified as emindividuals who make such claims are classified as employed in the ployed in the CPS. Final payment information for MLS claimants is collected CPS. Final payment information for MLS claimants is collected weekly. (See thethe Technical NoteNote for additional information.) weekly. (See Technical for additional information.) 2 2 See 1. 1. Seefootnote footnote1,1,table table 24 Table 21. Claimants for unemployment insurance associated with extended mass layoff events, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2008 Continued claims without earnings1 Initial claims for unemployment insurance Measure 2 Total, privatenonfarm nonfarm2 …………………………………… Total, private Number Final payments for unemployment insurance1 Average number filed per initial claimant Number Percentage of initial claimants receiving final payments 1,665,377 3,293,777 2.0 220,407 13.2 Mining …………………………………………………………… Utilities …………………………………………………………… Construction ……………………………………………………… Manufacturing …………………………………………………… Wholesale trade ………………………………………………… Retail trade ……………………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing ……………………………… Information ……………………………………………………… 9,756 2,122 256,109 638,346 25,057 126,326 97,906 39,258 19,243 4,359 481,436 1,113,558 62,189 251,586 179,908 98,325 2.0 2.1 1.9 1.7 2.5 2.0 1.8 2.5 509 367 26,416 68,984 4,090 19,013 9,196 7,900 5.2 17.3 10.3 10.8 16.3 15.0 9.4 20.1 Finance and insurance ………………………………………… Real estate and rental and leasing …………………………… Professional and technical services …………………………… Management of companies and enterprises ………………… Administrative and waste services …………………………… Educational services …………………………………………… Health care and social assistance …………………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation …………………………… Accommodation and food services …………………………… Other services, except public administration ………………… Unclassified establishments …………………………………… 86,609 6,970 51,071 4,799 150,870 5,623 36,249 22,081 92,605 13,123 497 273,099 17,367 119,285 11,512 334,792 10,509 85,136 47,517 155,894 26,253 1,809 3.2 2.5 2.3 2.4 2.2 1.9 2.3 2.2 1.7 2.0 3.6 23,605 1,110 13,780 580 26,048 940 5,010 3,015 8,335 1,313 195 27.3 15.9 27.0 12.1 17.3 16.7 13.8 13.7 9.0 10.0 39.2 Business demand ................................................................. Contract cancellation ......................................................... Contract completion .......................................................... Domestic competition ........................................................ Excess inventory/saturated market ................................... Import competition ............................................................. Slack work/insufficient work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal demand/nonseasonal Slack business businessslowdown slowdown..................................................... 731,804 25,411 176,858 2,188 7,820 10,399 1,327,128 55,892 328,020 7,708 17,771 33,241 1.8 2.2 1.9 3.5 2.3 3.2 80,609 4,247 24,280 542 1,225 3,336 11.0 16.7 13.7 24.8 15.7 32.1 509,128 884,496 1.7 46,979 9.2 Organizational changes ........................................................ Business-ownership change ............................................. Reorganization or restructuring of company ..................... 119,929 18,184 101,745 317,951 57,337 260,614 2.6 3.2 2.6 26,782 4,692 22,090 22.3 25.8 21.7 Financial issues .................................................................... Bankruptcy ........................................................................ C Costt control/cost t l/ t cutting/increase tti /i profitability fit bilit ................... Financial difficulty .............................................................. 145,769 24,199 64,827 56,743 380,879 69,920 156,977 153,982 2.6 2.9 2.4 2.7 28,970 5,932 11,456 11,582 19.9 24.5 17.7 20.4 Production specific ............................................................... Automation/technological advances .................................. Energy related ................................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention .............................. Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ......................... Material or supply shortage ............................................... Model changeover ............................................................. Plant or machine repair/maintenance ................................ Product line discontinued .................................................. 25,512 2,059 4,847 2,478 6,205 3,940 933 2,830 2,220 56,449 4,889 9,021 7,330 16,950 9,053 425 3,816 4,965 2.2 2.4 1.9 3.0 2.7 2.3 .5 1.3 2.2 4,929 364 782 620 2,055 502 44 228 334 19.3 17.7 16.1 25.0 33.1 12.7 4.7 8.1 15.0 Disaster/safety ...................................................................... Hazardous work environment ............................................ Natural disaster (not weather related) ............................... Nonnatural disaster ........................................................... Extreme weather-related event ......................................... 8,442 81 273 813 7,275 11,169 27 449 2,703 7,990 1.3 0.3 1.6 3.3 1.1 928 9 2 300 617 11.0 11.1 0.7 36.9 8.5 Seasonal .............................................................................. Seasonal ........................................................................... Vacation period—school related otherwise Vacation period--school related or or otherwise .................... 348,835 280,584 68,251 670,083 554,460 115,623 1.9 2.0 1.7 40,506 36,474 4,032 11.6 13.0 5.9 Other/miscellaneous ............................................................. Other ................................................................................. Data not provided: Refusal ................................................ Data not provided: Does not know .................................... 285,086 19,163 78,185 187,738 530,118 40,351 138,569 351,198 1.9 2.1 1.8 1.9 37,683 3,183 9,643 24,857 13.2 16.6 12.3 13.2 Other selected measures Worksite closures ……………………………………………… Recall expected ………………………………………………… No recall expected ……………………………………………… 189,320 652,764 627,116 496,323 1,180,637 1,396,422 2.6 1.8 2.2 44,038 65,660 106,511 23.3 10.1 17.0 Industry Reason for forlayoff layoff3 Reason 3 1 1 Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued claim TheThe Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued claim activity initial claimantsassociated associatedwith withextended extended mass mass layoffs layoffs once once a activity forfor initial claimants month during the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week, which is a month theincluding Currentthe Population (CPS)Continued reference week, usuallyduring the week 12th day ofSurvey the month. claims which usually are the excluded week including theindividuals 12th day who of the month. withisearnings because make suchContinued claims claims with earnings are excluded because individuals who make such are are classified as employed in the in CPS. information for claims classified as employed the Final CPS.payment Final payment information MLS claimants is collected weekly. (See the Technical Note for for MLS claimants is collected weekly. (See the Technical Note for adadditional information.) ditional2 information.) See footnote 1, table 1. 2 3 SeeSee footnote 1, table 1. 6. footnote 1, table 3 See footnote 1, table 6. 25 Table 22. Claimants for unemployment insurance, based on residency, associated with extended mass layoff events, 50 highest metropolitan areas, private nonfarm sector, 2008 Metropolitan area Initial claims for unemployment insurance Total, 372 metropolitan areas2……………………………………… 1,302,254 Continued claims without Final payments for earnings1 unemployment insurance1 Number Average number filed per initial claimant Number Percentage of initial claimants receiving final payments 2,655,826 2.0 181,857 14.0 892,832 1,868,504 2.1 130,110 14.6 Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA ………………………...…… 109,649 Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI………………………...……..…… 78,368 New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA………...…… 72,795 70,261 Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI……………………………………..………… Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA…………………..……………… 50,860 43,988 San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA………………………..………… 27,429 San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA……………………………..…… Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL…………………….…… 22,272 22,113 Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, CA…………………………… Sacramento—Arden-Arcade—Roseville, CA Las Vegas-Paradise, NV…………………………...…………………… 19,660 19,572 St. Louis, MO-IL…………………………………………………………… Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD…………...……… 18,437 224,607 211,297 173,329 104,131 105,016 93,406 55,336 64,107 47,746 32,766 47,255 35,869 2.0 2.7 2.4 1.5 2.1 2.1 2.0 2.9 2.2 1.7 2.4 1.9 17,709 12,812 12,219 5,612 8,580 6,869 4,115 6,409 3,716 2,050 2,206 2,367 16.2 16.3 16.8 8.0 16.9 15.6 15.0 28.8 16.8 10.4 11.3 12.8 3 Total, top 50 metropolitan areas …………………………..………… San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA………………….……………… Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL………………………………… Pittsburgh, PA………………………………………………….………… Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX………………………………..…… Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA…………………..……………………… Elkhart-Goshen, IN……………………………..………………………… Flint, MI……………………………..……………………………………… Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI ………………..…………… Orlando-Kissimmee, FL………………………………………..………… Modesto, CA……………………………………………………………..… Stockton, CA……………………………………………………………… Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH……………..……………………… Toledo, OH………………………………………………………………… 17,324 14,862 13,407 13,138 12,651 12,499 11,833 11,317 11,205 11,076 10,412 10,410 10,349 42,248 40,656 20,480 21,620 27,910 21,749 17,003 27,086 28,043 21,522 21,352 21,237 17,521 2.4 2.7 1.5 1.6 2.2 1.7 1.4 2.4 2.5 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.7 3,020 3,882 837 1,451 1,199 1,576 641 1,176 2,522 2,258 1,814 1,764 572 17.4 26.1 6.2 11.0 9.5 12.6 5.4 10.4 22.5 20.4 17.4 16.9 5.5 Fresno, CA………………………………………………………………… Indianapolis-Carmel, IN…………………………...……………………… Cleveland Elyria Mentor OH Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH………………..…………………………… Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX…………………………………….…… Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA………………………..…………… Dayton, OH…………………..…………………………………………… Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, Ore.-WA…………………..………… Rockford, IL………………………………………………….…………… Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY………………………………….……………… Bakersfield, CA…………………………………………………………… Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN…………………………………..…… Jacksonville, Fla. ………………………………………………………… 9,792 9,441 9 239 9,239 9,034 8,915 8,578 7,708 7,515 7,386 7,287 7,091 6,878 19,167 19,785 20 576 20,576 22,139 20,163 19,168 14,633 16,249 15,809 13,880 14,953 17,613 2.0 2.1 22 2.2 2.5 2.3 2.2 1.9 2.2 2.1 1.9 2.1 2.6 1,681 1,762 845 1,722 2,412 849 669 827 780 1,065 942 1,515 17.2 18.7 91 9.1 19.1 27.1 9.9 8.7 11.0 10.6 14.6 13.3 22.0 Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA…………………………………… Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI…………………………………………….. Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN…………………..………………… Eugene-Springfield, OR…………………..……………………………… Kansas City, MO-KS……………………………………………………… Vallejo-Fairfield, CA……………………………………………………… Columbus, OH…………………..………………………………………… Boise City-Nampa, ID…………………………………………………… Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ…………………………………… Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ…………………………………………… Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI…………………………………… Dalton, GA………………………………………………………………… Lansing-East Lansing, MI………………………………………………… 6,848 6,634 6,589 6,290 5,950 5,907 5,856 5,827 5,820 5,761 5,669 5,471 5,459 14,962 10,103 2,822 13,285 12,954 11,613 13,413 11,062 8,427 10,270 10,864 3,816 7,486 2.2 1.5 .4 2.1 2.2 2.0 2.3 1.9 1.4 1.8 1.9 .7 1.4 1,053 405 626 629 793 894 533 526 402 564 691 347 202 15.4 6.1 9.5 10.0 13.3 15.1 9.1 9.0 6.9 9.8 12.2 6.3 3.7 1 The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued claim activ1 The Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program tracks continued ity for initial claimants associated with extended mass layoffs once a month claim activity for initial claimants associated with extended mass during the Current Survey reference week, which is usually layoffs once a Population month during the(CPS) Current Population Survey (CPS) thereference week including 12th is day of the month. Continued claims week,the which usually the week including the with 12thearnings day of arethe excluded because individuals who make such claims are classified as month. Continued claims with earnings are excluded because individuals who make such claimsinformation are classified as employed the employed in the CPS. Final payment for MLS claimants in is colCPS. Final(See payment information claimants is collected lected weekly. the Technical NoteforforMLS additional information.) 2 See footnote 1, table 1. weekly.3 (See the Technical Note for additional information.) The 50 highest metropolitan areas in terms of the level of extended 2 See footnote 1, table 1. mass initial claims activityareas are shown. 3 Thelayoff 50 highest metropolitan in terms of the level of extended NOTE: The geographic mass layoff initial claims activityboundaries are shown.of the metropolitan areas shown in this table are defined in U.S. Office of Management and Budget Bulletin 09-01, NOTE: The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan areas shown in this table are in U.S. Office ofzero. Management and Budget November 20,defined 2008. Dash represents Bulletin 09-01, November 20, 2008. Dash represents zero. 26 Table 23. Unemployment insurance benefit exhaustion rates by selected claimant characteristics, private nonfarm sector, 2008 Initial claims for unemployment insurance Characteristic Total, private nonfarm2 ……………… Final payments for Percentage of initial claimants receiving final payments unemployment insurance1 1,665,377 220,407 13.2 329,001 580,081 441,230 301,310 13,755 42,895 74,508 55,621 46,883 500 13.0 12.8 12.6 15.6 3.6 1,035,045 617,978 12,354 120,222 99,016 1,169 11.6 16.0 9.5 966,018 240,805 277,263 11,564 51,460 118,267 109,729 41,718 42,495 1,514 7,938 17,013 11.4 17.3 15.3 13.1 15.4 14.4 Age Under 30 years of age …………………… 30–44 ……………………………………… 45–54 ……………………………………… 55 years of age or over ………………… Not available ……………………………… Gender Male ……………………………………… Female …………………………………… Not available ……………………………… Race/ethnicity White ……………………………………… Black ……………………………………… Hispanic origin …………………………… American Indian or Alaska Native ……… Asian or Pacific Islander ………………… Not available ……………………………… 1 Final payment information for Mass Layoff Statistics claimants is collected weekly. (See the Technical Note for additional information.) 2 See footnote 1, table 1. Table 24. Census region and division: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2006–08 Layoff events Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Separations Census region and division 2006 2007 2008 2006 2007 United States1 ................................. 4,885 5,363 8,263 935,969 965,935 Northeast .................................................. 1,068 1,055 1,355 177,161 New England ......................................... Middle Atlantic ....................................... 200 868 191 864 219 1,136 South ......................................................... 1,043 944 South Atlantic ........................................ East South Central ................................ West South Central ............................... 682 192 169 Midwest ..................................................... 2008 2006 2007 2008 1,517,857 951,155 978,712 1,665,377 183,023 246,062 211,818 203,080 261,054 43,342 133,819 41,202 141,821 36,579 209,483 32,803 179,015 28,512 174,568 34,300 226,754 1,647 199,811 158,680 306,226 184,314 156,939 329,142 540 209 195 888 376 383 136,776 31,876 31,159 85,684 39,501 33,495 174,267 60,712 71,247 126,962 25,377 31,975 85,269 37,060 34,610 179,798 70,625 78,719 1,486 1,552 2,349 311,693 278,483 460,537 334,817 316,882 561,857 East North Central ................................ West North Central ............................... 1,170 316 1,197 355 1,810 539 259,342 52,351 220,278 58,205 371,205 89,332 283,306 51,511 259,647 57,235 466,308 95,549 West .......................................................... 1,288 1,812 2,912 247,304 345,749 505,032 220,206 301,811 513,324 Mountain ............................................... Pacific ................................................... 161 1,127 208 1,604 420 2,492 44,335 202,969 49,334 296,415 89,810 415,222 22,321 197,885 29,309 272,502 70,900 442,424 West Virginia; East South Central—Alabama, Kentucky, Mississippi, and TenSee footnote 1, table 1. 1 See footnote 1, table 1. Kentucky, Mississippi, and Tennessee; West South Central—Arkansas, nessee; West South Central—Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East NOTE: (and the theDistrict DistrictofofColumbia) Columbia)that that make Census NOTE: The The States States (and make upup thethe census divisions Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas; East North Central—Illinois, Indiana, Central—Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Cendivisions areEngland—Connecticut, as follows: New England—Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, are: New Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode NorthMichigan, Ohio, and Wisconsin; West North Central-Iowa, Kansas, Kansas, Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, and South DaNew Hampshire, Rhode Island, and Vermont; Atlantic—New Jersey,South tral—Iowa, Island, and Vermont; Middle Atlantic–New Jersey,Middle New York, and Pennsylvania; Minnesota, Missouri, Nebraska, North Dakota, and North South Dakota, Dakota; Mountain— Atlantic—Delaware, District ofSouth Columbia, Florida, Georgia,District Maryland, North Carolina, kota; Arizona, Mountain—Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Nevada, Montana,New Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, New York, and Pennsylvania; Atlantic—Delaware, of Columbia, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Mexico, Utah, and South Carolina, andNorth WestCarolina, Virginia; East South Central—Alabama, Wyoming; and and Pacific—Alaska, Hawaii, Oregon, andand Washington. Florida, Georgia,Virginia, Maryland, South Carolina, Virginia, and and Wyoming; Pacific—Alaska,California, California, Hawaii, Oregon, Washington. 1 27 Table 25. State distribution: extended mass layoff events, separations, and initial claimants for unemployment insurance, private nonfarm sector, 2006–08 Layoff events Initial claimants for unemployment insurance Separations State 2006 2007 2008 Total, private nonfarm1 ....................... 4,885 5,363 8,263 935,969 965,935 Alabama ....................................................... Alaska ........................................................... Arizona ......................................................... Arkansas ....................................................... California ...................................................... Colorado ....................................................... Connecticut ................................................... Delaware ...................................................... District of Columbia ...................................... Florida ........................................................... Georgia ......................................................... Hawaii ........................................................... Idaho ............................................................. 52 27 20 13 941 37 52 3 3 347 86 22 29 39 17 38 32 1,412 40 33 6 4 219 63 18 31 60 22 64 48 2,163 59 47 11 8 480 114 32 93 9,567 10,875 4,375 3,550 160,807 18,488 18,227 1,781 306 77,660 11,981 2,921 3,745 Illinois ............................................................ Indiana .......................................................... Iowa .............................................................. Kansas .......................................................... Kentucky ....................................................... Louisiana ...................................................... Maine ............................................................ Maryland ....................................................... Massachusetts .............................................. Michigan ....................................................... Minnesota ..................................................... Mississippi .................................................... Missouri ........................................................ 408 98 27 29 74 48 20 73 82 292 143 21 94 431 119 44 27 60 41 30 78 80 233 133 30 122 591 289 79 55 127 100 17 54 107 385 169 59 201 Montana ........................................................ Nebraska ...................................................... Nevada ......................................................... New Hampshire ............................................ New Jersey ................................................... New Mexico .................................................. New York ...................................................... North Carolina .............................................. North Dakota ................................................ Ohio .............................................................. Oklahoma ..................................................... Oregon .......................................................... Pennsylvania ................................................ 22 13 11 17 163 18 404 58 6 234 13 61 301 20 11 30 12 190 18 371 47 12 277 13 74 303 Rhode Island ................................................ South Carolina .............................................. South Dakota ................................................ Tennessee .................................................... Texas ............................................................ Utah .............................................................. Vermont ........................................................ Virginia .......................................................... Washington ................................................... West Virginia ................................................ Wisconsin ..................................................... Wyoming ....................................................... 15 41 4 45 95 20 14 52 76 19 138 4 Puerto Rico ................................................... 51 1 2006 2006 2007 1,517,857 951,155 978,712 1,665,377 7,594 8,254 9,057 5,331 257,306 17,938 9,230 483 456 37,294 8,931 3,064 5,114 13,237 11,212 11,578 7,752 344,602 23,123 9,484 1,305 1,091 105,515 15,504 8,415 12,904 8,368 4,450 2,661 3,055 165,860 4,911 11,491 3,211 306 60,914 17,218 2,644 3,741 7,532 3,514 5,714 6,775 237,436 4,505 6,327 479 456 30,054 15,682 2,440 4,502 18,019 5,116 10,170 9,015 372,326 7,884 8,527 1,332 936 93,007 30,610 5,611 13,492 86,832 17,120 4,130 4,430 9,444 10,812 4,711 8,643 14,612 67,138 20,128 3,680 19,121 81,719 17,443 6,760 4,262 8,788 6,261 6,704 8,724 17,980 53,871 19,928 5,019 23,326 120,268 46,816 10,208 8,042 17,689 17,248 4,220 7,212 16,684 81,706 28,618 10,176 37,623 77,602 18,822 7,359 3,925 8,580 6,816 3,320 9,288 12,327 111,562 20,750 2,461 16,522 76,258 29,213 8,736 4,215 7,919 4,815 3,431 9,630 11,941 78,082 19,328 4,025 21,752 122,372 80,622 19,926 8,188 19,625 16,455 2,611 7,239 17,138 135,460 28,250 8,516 35,114 32 19 94 12 248 38 413 69 11 385 32 130 475 2,726 2,794 3,261 1,871 39,084 2,317 55,573 6,301 1,290 59,293 1,665 17,195 39,162 2,119 1,555 5,990 1,564 43,841 2,514 59,817 7,222 1,614 43,872 3,803 17,181 38,163 3,278 2,782 18,926 1,842 53,436 5,662 86,012 11,582 1,364 88,507 7,670 26,616 70,035 2,777 1,491 2,876 1,928 30,575 2,327 79,472 9,120 1,144 45,989 2,585 13,485 68,968 2,151 1,142 5,829 1,462 33,736 2,513 67,834 9,882 1,614 50,299 2,384 17,247 72,998 3,903 2,166 22,542 1,434 46,298 5,886 80,110 15,009 1,364 86,755 6,549 34,552 100,346 21 33 6 80 109 27 15 72 83 18 137 4 21 84 5 130 203 34 15 48 145 20 160 6 1,977 7,455 458 9,185 15,132 5,186 1,944 19,176 11,171 3,473 28,959 4,237 3,401 5,045 760 18,100 18,100 4,056 2,323 14,749 10,610 2,780 23,373 2,546 2,408 18,853 695 19,610 38,577 9,812 1,941 10,347 24,377 2,858 33,908 4,527 1,892 7,674 320 5,968 19,519 2,617 1,845 16,185 11,446 3,046 29,331 411 3,127 4,706 448 17,584 20,636 3,835 2,224 12,455 11,865 1,925 25,795 260 2,428 20,755 541 24,465 46,700 6,509 2,162 8,377 24,819 2,533 41,099 514 48 47 7,551 4,630 4,391 15,259 12,073 10,281 See footnote 1, table 1. 28 2007 2008 2008 Table 26. The 50 metropolitan areas with the largest number of initial claimants associated with extended mass layoff events in 2008, by residency of claimants, private nonfarm sector 2007 Metropolitan area Initial claims 2008 Rank1 Initial claims Rank1 Total, 372 metropolitan areas2 ……………………………………… 770,126 … 1,302,254 … Total, top 50 metropolitan areas ……………………………………… 532,546 … 892,832 … Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA……………………………… 72,775 1 109,649 1 Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI……………………………………… 49,522 3 78,368 2 New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA……………… 61,972 2 72,795 3 Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI………………………………………………… 47,142 4 70,261 4 Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA…………………………………… 32,690 5 50,860 5 San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA…………………………………… 25,054 6 43,988 6 San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA…………………………………… 19,398 7 27,429 7 Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL…………………………… 7,508 13 22,272 8 Sacramento—Arden-Arcade—Roseville, Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville,CA CA……………………………… 14,637 8 22,113 9 Las Vegas-Paradise, NV………………………………………………… 4,469 31 19,660 10 St. Louis, MO-IL…………………………………………………………… 13,751 9 19,572 11 Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD……………………… 13,425 10 18,437 12 San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA…………………………………… 8,013 12 17,324 13 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL…………………………………… 4,422 32 14,862 14 Pittsburgh, PA……………………………………………………………… 9,300 11 13,407 15 Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX……………………………………… 3,911 39 13,138 16 Seattle-Tacoma-Bellevue, WA…………………………………………… 4,699 27 12,651 17 Elkhart-Goshen, IN………………………………………………………… 1,891 81 12,499 18 Flint, MI……………………………………………………………………… 4,743 25 11,833 19 Minneapolis-St. Paul-Bloomington, MN-WI……………………………… 6,722 18 11,317 20 Orlando-Kissimmee, FL…………………………………………………… 3,481 43 11,205 21 Modesto, CA………………………………………………………………… 7,208 15 11,076 22 Stockton, CA……………………………………………………………… 6,749 17 10,412 23 Boston-Cambridge-Quincy, MA-NH……………………………………… 6,927 16 10,410 24 Toledo, OH………………………………………………………………… 3,653 41 10,349 25 Fresno, CA………………………………………………………………… 5,728 20 9,792 26 Indianapolis-Carmel, IN…………………………………………………… 4,654 28 9,441 27 Cleveland-Elyria-Mentor, OH……………………………………………… 7,281 14 9,239 28 Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX………………………………………… 5,275 23 9,034 29 Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA……………………………………… 3,956 38 8,915 30 Dayton, OH………………………………………………………………… 4,741 26 8,578 31 Portland-Vancouver-Beaverton, OR-WA………………………………… 6,388 19 7,708 32 Rockford, IL………………………………………………………………… 2,375 64 7,515 33 Buffalo-Niagara Falls, NY………………………………………………… 5,488 22 7,386 34 Bakersfield, CA…………………………………………………………… 4,501 30 7,287 35 Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN………………………………………… 4,360 34 7,091 36 Jacksonville, FL…………………………………………………………… 2,970 49 6,878 37 Oxnard-Thousand Oaks-Ventura, CA…………………………………… 5,493 21 6,848 38 Grand Rapids-Wyoming, MI……………………………………………… 3,206 47 6,634 39 Louisville-Jefferson County, KY-IN……………………………………… 1,471 95 6,589 40 Eugene-Springfield, OR…………………………………………………… 1,088 118 6,290 41 Kansas City, MO-KS……………………………………………………… 3,832 40 5,950 42 Vallejo-Fairfield, CA………………………………………………………… 3,400 45 5,907 43 Columbus, OH……………………………………………………………… 4,408 33 5,856 44 Boise City-Nampa, ID……………………………………………………… 2,112 70 5,827 45 Allentown-Bethlehem-Easton, PA-NJ…………………………………… 3,558 42 5,820 46 Phoenix-Mesa-Scottsdale, AZ…………………………………………… 2,672 58 5,761 47 Milwaukee-Waukesha-West Allis, WI…………………………………… 4,350 35 5,669 48 Dalton, GA………………………………………………………………… 2,499 61 5,471 49 Lansing-East Lansing, MI………………………………………………… 2,678 57 5,459 50 1 The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan areas 1 Metropolitan Metropolitan areas areasare are ranked rankedby by the the number number of of initial initial claims claims in 2008. NOTE:this table are defined in U.S. Office of Management shown in this table are defined in U.S. Office of Management and 2 See footnote 1, table 1. in 2008. and Budget Bulletin 09-01, November 20, 2008. 2 Bulletin 09-01, November 20, 2008. See footnote 1, table 1. boundaries of the metropolitan areas shownBudget NOTE: The geographic in 29 Table 27. Summary of employer expectations of a recall from extended mass layoffs, private nonfarm sector, 2001–08 Percent of events1 Nature of recall 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 39.0 41.4 43.2 51.1 56.2 52.1 49.5 41.4 79.6 45.3 79.1 45.9 82.4 47.2 84.2 47.7 87.1 50.1 88.7 53.5 86.5 49.0 77.2 45.0 84.2 40.5 89.8 41.6 87.5 43.7 90.1 47.1 90.6 47.9 92.2 49.4 90.2 49.8 79.6 38.9 90.1 92.6 94.2 95.1 94.8 93.6 94.7 95.3 88.2 40.8 86.7 45.1 87.5 44.5 87.8 43.0 91.5 45.6 91.0 48.2 91.6 46.6 88.8 43.5 95.2 53.8 96.0 54.2 95.2 54.1 96.4 54.7 96.7 55.0 96.8 57.0 96.0 59.1 92.3 51.8 Anticipate a recall …………………………………………………… 25.3 23.5 23.4 26.6 31.6 29.4 25.1 24.4 Timeframe Within 6 months ……………………………………………………… Within 3 months ………………………………………………… 71.3 49.5 68.6 47.0 74.4 51.4 77.0 56.9 78.5 58.7 84.7 62.7 76.1 53.8 63.0 46.8 Size of recall At least half …………………………………………………………… All workers ………………………………………………………… 73.7 27.8 81.3 24.5 75.5 27.3 77.7 31.9 78.9 34.3 84.3 36.2 78.3 31.0 63.9 23.0 ALL LAYOFF EVENTS Anticipate a recall …………………………………………………… Timeframe Within 6 months ……………………………………………………… Within 3 months ………………………………………………… Size of recall At least half …………………………………………………………… All workers ………………………………………………………… LAYOFF EVENTS DUE TO SEASONAL WORK AND VACATION PERIOD 2 Anticipate a recall …………………………………………………… Timeframe Within 6 months ……………………………………………………… Within 3 months ………………………………………………… Size of recall At least half …………………………………………………………… All workers ………………………………………………………… ALL LAYOFFS EVENTS, EXCLUDING THOSE DUE TO SEASONAL WORK AND VACATION PERIOD 2 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 See footnote 1, table 6. 30 Table 28. Distribution of extended mass layoff events with expected recall, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2001–08 Percent of layoff events Measure 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 39.0 41.4 43.2 51.1 56.2 52.1 49.5 41.4 Mining ………………………………………………… Utilities ………………………………………………… Construction ………………………………………… Manufacturing ………………………………………… Wholesale trade ……………………………………… Retail trade …………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing …………………… Information …………………………………………… Finance and insurance ……………………………… 62.3 26.3 72.6 33.5 18.3 21.2 54.9 8.6 2.8 59.0 31.6 76.5 33.2 32.0 19.4 53.3 10.7 2.0 68.6 27.3 71.9 38.7 26.6 25.7 54.8 9.8 3.4 77.5 46.2 76.7 43.8 36.2 27.6 68.7 12.4 5.1 90.9 53.8 80.2 48.2 44.1 31.3 65.3 17.5 8.2 75.0 72.7 58.9 45.6 36.9 29.1 72.3 26.5 5.0 76.9 55.6 53.8 43.1 31.6 29.9 76.0 23.7 .5 67.3 36.4 56.4 36.8 20.5 19.3 51.9 9.8 .2 Real estate and rental and leasing ………………… Professional and technical services ……………… Management of companies and enterprises ……… Administrative and waste services ………………… Educational services ………………………………… Health care and social assistance ........................ Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………… Accommodation and food services ………………… Other services, except public administration ……… Unclassified establishments ………………………… 24.2 20.6 37.5 38.8 33.3 68.4 76.2 55.0 72.0 28.9 29.4 30.9 25.0 37.2 57.9 63.1 82.3 62.3 72.5 9.1 13.6 32.7 35.0 31.3 48.1 60.9 68.6 64.8 66.7 57.1 23.1 42.4 23.8 34.7 68.8 69.7 83.3 69.4 64.8 50.0 31.6 46.8 42.9 42.6 50.0 69.1 77.8 65.8 71.3 – 29.4 52.9 33.3 41.1 60.9 79.7 81.5 73.8 81.5 – 10.7 40.4 42.9 56.2 55.6 77.7 84.2 74.3 69.9 25.0 15.7 31.5 33.3 41.3 51.2 66.5 71.5 53.9 57.8 – Business demand ................................................. Contract cancellation ......................................... Contract completion ........................................... 41.4 16.7 52.2 39.4 13.3 53.1 40.9 13.6 41.6 44.3 9.0 38.6 48.9 15.5 42.8 43.5 14.1 36.6 39.1 21.9 36.3 40.7 17.7 51.1 Domestic competition ......................................... (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) (3) 26.7 28.6 Excess inventory/saturated market .................... Import competition ............................................. Slack Slack work/insufficient work/insufficientdemand/nonseasonal demand/nonseasona business slowdown slowdown ...................................... business (3) 9.2 (3) 9.5 (3) 5.4 (3) 7.8 (3) 5.4 (3) 9.4 34.2 2.7 37.5 5.6 42.3 36.8 47.8 62.0 64.8 63.0 47.6 38.7 Organizational changes ........................................ Business-ownership change .............................. Reorganization or restructuring of company ...... 5.7 4.3 6.1 4.3 3.9 4.4 6.5 5.8 6.6 5.7 4.7 6.0 4.5 1.9 5.2 5.0 4.8 5.1 6.0 3.0 7.1 3.3 3.2 3.3 Financial issues .................................................... Bankruptcy ......................................................... Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability .... Financial difficulty ............................................... 6.4 2.4 5.5 3.7 5.1 2.3 1.9 – 4.0 2.2 5.0 1.8 (3) 8.1 (3) 6.3 (3) 6.7 (3) 2.7 (3) 5.2 (3) 6.1 4.4 – 4.0 6.1 3.8 1.5 4.3 4.3 42.3 36.4 20.0 40.4 40.0 33.3 48.1 – – 45.1 – – 40.2 33.3 – 44.7 12.5 100.0 (3) 58.3 40.0 53.8 100.0 5.0 (3) 57.1 44.4 40.0 83.3 7.1 (3) 57.9 80.0 66.7 95.8 2.9 (3) 45.2 80.0 77.8 94.7 8.6 (3) 55.6 50.0 71.4 90.0 15.0 (3) 72.2 70.0 66.7 83.3 11.1 53.6 12.5 – 7.1 55.6 100.0 66.7 82.4 28.6 44.9 50.0 20.0 19.0 47.4 66.7 66.7 87.5 9.1 Disaster/safety ...................................................... Hazardous work environment ............................ Natural disaster (not weather related) ................ Nonnatural disaster ............................................ Extreme weather-related event .......................... 66.1 – 75.0 4 6.7 90.2 82.0 66.7 100.0 37.5 91.9 83.6 60.0 33.3 – 95.8 95.7 50.0 100.0 100.0 96.8 42.9 100.0 50.0 100.0 42.5 80.6 25.0 60.0 60.0 89.6 84.4 – 66.7 80.0 95.5 37.9 – 100.0 25.0 37.3 Seasonal ............................................................... Seasonal ............................................................ Vacation period–school related or otherwise ..... 90.1 89.4 99.2 92.6 92.3 97.5 94.2 93.9 98.1 95.1 95.0 97.3 94.8 94.5 100.0 93.6 93.3 98.2 94.7 93.5 99.3 95.3 94.3 99.2 Other/miscellaneous ............................................. Other .................................................................. Data not provided: Refusal ................................ Data not provided: Does not know ..................... 9.2 15.0 – 1.7 6.7 16.7 – .7 2.3 11.8 – – 5.3 16.8 – – 5.0 17.0 – – 4.8 19.1 – .9 3.3 46.3 – .5 2.5 38.9 – .1 Domestic relocation .............................................. 5.0 4.9 2.0 (5) (5) (5) (5) (5) Overseas relocation .............................................. 1.3 4.4 1.6 5 5 5 5 (5) Total, private nonfarm1 ……………………… Industry Reason for layoff2 Production specific ................................................ Automation/technological advances .................. Energy related .................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention .............. Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ......... Material or supply shortage ................................ Model changeover ............................................. Plant or machine repair/maintenance ................ Product line discontinued ................................... See Seefootnote footnote 1, 1, table table 1. 1. See footnote 1, table 6. See footnote 1, table 6. 3 Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data. 4 Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data. Nonnatural disaster was added as a reason for layoff in the third 4 was addedlayoffs as a reason foror layoff in the related to quarterNonnatural of 2001, indisaster order to identify directly indirectly third quarter of 2001, in order to identify layoffs directly or indirectly 1 1 2 2 3 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) the to September 11 attacks. Thus, datadata for 2001 pertain to the third and related the September 11 attacks. Thus, for 2001 pertain to the quarters only.only. thirdfourth and fourth quarters 5 Beginning with data for 2004, these reasons for layoff are no longer 5 Beginning with data for 2004, these reasons for layoff are no used. For additional information, see the Technical Note. longer used. For Dash additional information, see the Technical Note. NOTE: represents zero. NOTE: Dash represents zero. 31 Table 29. Number of extended mass layoff events and separations after which the employer does not expect a recall, by industry and reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2008 Measure Events Total, private nonfarm1 ……………………………………… Separations 2,853 531,000 Mining ………………………………………………………………… Utilities ……………………………………………………………… Construction ………………………………………………………… Manufacturing ……………………………………………………… Wholesale trade …………………………………………………… Retail trade …………………………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing ………………………………… Information …………………………………………………………… Finance and insurance ……………………………………………… 7 5 405 1,035 83 258 124 102 255 1,395 564 40,027 185,670 11,398 69,349 29,903 16,260 42,984 Real estate and rental and leasing ……………………………… Professional and technical services ……………………………… Management of companies and enterprises …………………… Administrative and waste services ………………………………… Educational services ……………………………………………… Health care and social assistance ………………………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation ……………………………… Accommodation and food services ……………………………… Other services, except public administration …………………… Unclassified establishments ……………………………………… 29 89 18 201 10 61 28 122 18 3 3,219 24,273 3,073 51,185 1,064 14,313 7,253 26,349 1,953 768 1,503 233,455 87 284 5 20 50 17,532 39,540 1,280 3,750 9,342 1,057 162,011 Industry Reason for layoff2 Business demand ...................................................................... Contract cancellation .............................................................. Contract completion ............................................................... Domestic competition ............................................................. Excess inventory/saturated market ........................................ Import competition .................................................................. Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal business slowdown .......................................................... Organizational changes ............................................................. Business-ownership change .................................................. Reorganization or restructuring of company .......................... 476 97,850 81 395 24,256 73,594 Financial issues ......................................................................... Bankruptcy ............................................................................. Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ........................ Financial difficulty ................................................................... 692 152,064 126 325 241 35,830 49,790 66,444 47 10,205 6 8 16 (3) 3 – (3) 10 942 1,108 5,033 (3) 291 – (3) 1,917 Production specific .................................................................... Automation/technological advances ....................................... Energy related ........................................................................ Governmental regulations/intervention ................................... Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike .............................. Material or supply shortage .................................................... Model changeover .................................................................. Plant or machine repair/maintenance ..................................... Product line discontinued ....................................................... Disaster/safety ........................................................................... Hazardous work environment ................................................. Natural disaster (not weather related) .................................... Nonnatural disaster ................................................................ Extreme weather-related event .............................................. 7 1,618 – – (3) 3 ( ) – – (3) 3 ( ) Seasonal ................................................................................... Seasonal ................................................................................ Vacation period–school related or otherwise ......................... 51 22,476 (3) (3) (3) (3) Other/miscellaneous .................................................................. Other ...................................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal ..................................................... Data not provided: Does not know ......................................... 77 13,332 35 10 32 6,602 1,716 5,014 1 See footnote footnote 1, 1, table table 1. 1. See See footnote footnote 1, 1, table table 6. 6. 3 3 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero. NOTE: Dash represents zero. 1 22 32 Table 30. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations by primary reason for layoff, private nonfarm sector, 2004–08 Layoff events Separations 1 Reason for layoff 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 Total, all reasons2 .................................................. 746 560 621 594 901 159,867 107,399 153,718 125,836 216,322 Business demand ..................................................... 130 104 123 139 236 23,587 16,704 22,977 23,426 51,480 Contract cancellation ............................................. Contract completion ............................................... Domestic competition ............................................ Excess inventory/saturated market ........................ Import competition ................................................. Slack work/insufficient demand/nonseasonal business slowdown .......................................... 39 20 22 15 28 28 3,180 1,721 4,227 4,667 ( ) (3) 32 ( ) (3) 36 3 26 16 4 8 34 7,202 3,780 ( ) (3) 31 24 13 4 9 49 ( ) (3) 6,272 ( ) (3) 6,091 ( ) (3) 6,151 4,488 2,792 568 1,373 7,903 8,453 4,259 1,080 2,064 6,046 40 35 31 40 148 6,333 5,712 7,932 6,302 29,578 Organizational changes ............................................ 290 227 274 172 223 63,725 43,418 78,219 30,647 50,429 Business-ownership change .................................. Reorganization or restructuring of company .......... 59 231 46 181 70 204 57 115 50 173 10,206 53,519 8,651 34,767 23,548 54,671 11,341 19,306 16,379 34,050 Financial issues ........................................................ 210 144 143 241 374 47,007 32,990 34,122 63,340 98,021 Bankruptcy ............................................................. Cost control/cost cutting/increase profitability ........ Financial difficulty .................................................. 70 59 41 16,654 13,207 (3) 85 (3) 102 113 103 158 16,759 ( ) 140 51 81 109 (3) 30,248 (3) 16,336 (3) 20,915 15,103 18,087 30,150 31,779 18,010 48,232 Production specific .................................................... (4) 20 15 (4) 26 (4) 3,482 4,943 (4) 7,145 3 3 12 4 (4) 562 510 4,254 Automation/technological advances ...................... Energy related ....................................................... Governmental regulations/intervention .................. Labor dispute/contract negotiations/strike ............. Material or supply shortage ................................... Model changeover ................................................. Plant or machine repair/maintenance .................... Product line discontinued ....................................... Disaster/safety .......................................................... 3 3 3 4 ( ) – – 4 ( ) (4) (4) 14 4 ( ) (3) (4) (4) – – 16 4 ( ) 15 (3) 5 4 4 ( ) – ( ) (4) 5 – – – – (3) (4) – – – 11 5 4 (4) 3 – (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) – – – – ( ) ( ) – ( ) – – – ( ) ( ) ( ) (4) – (4) – Seasonal ................................................................... – 6 8 4 4 (3) 1,396 4 ( ) 4 4 ( ) – (4) (4) (4) 4,285 Hazardous work environment ................................ Natural disaster (not weather related) ................... Nonnatural disaster ................................................ Extreme weather-related event .............................. 4 3 3 – 3 4 ( ) – (4) (3) (4) (4) – – 2,699 (3) (4) – – – 4,342 2,353 1,743 4 – ( ) (4) 4 ( ) – – – ( ) – ( ) ( ) 4 ( ) (4) – – 4 ( ) – 585 4 4 4 (4) 1,575 – – – – (4) 291 – (4) (4) (4) (4) (4) 4 ( ) – – – (4) – (4) 4 ( ) 513 – (4) 4 Seasonal ................................................................ Vacation period–school related or otherwise ......... – – 6 – 8 – – – ( ) – – – 585 – 513 – – – (4) – Other/miscellaneous ................................................. 91 44 53 30 35 18,782 7,867 11,201 4,796 6,556 Other ...................................................................... Data not provided: Refusal .................................... Data not provided: Does not know ......................... 66 6 19 31 3 10 38 4 11 11 4 15 17 6 12 14,992 927 2,863 5,593 490 1,784 8,458 582 2,161 1,634 661 2,501 3,425 1,225 1,906 1 2 3 See footnote 1, table 6. 6. 1 See footnote 1, table 2 See footnote 1, table See footnote 1, table 1. 1. 3 Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data. Use of this reason began with first-quarter 2007 data. 4 Data do4not meet BLSmeet or State disclosure standards.standards. Data do not BLSagency or State agency disclosure NOTE: Dash represents zero. For additional information, see the Technical Note. NOTE: Dash represents zero. 33 Table 31. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations by major industry sector, private nonfarm sector, 2004–08 Layoffs Separations Industry 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 746 560 621 594 901 Mining …………………………………………………… Utilities …………………………………………………… Construction …………………………………………… Manufacturing …………………………………………… Wholesale trade ………………………………………… Retail trade ……………………………………………… Transportation and warehousing ……………………… Information ……………………………………………… Finance and insurance ………………………………… 4 – 16 357 28 94 24 30 36 2 ( ) – 24 249 17 74 25 15 27 2 ( ) – 18 314 21 81 23 30 34 6 – 6 289 26 63 16 12 86 2 ( ) 30 383 41 145 50 20 69 Real estate and rental and leasing …………………… Professional and technical services ………………… Management of companies and enterprises ………… Administrative and waste services …………………… Educational services …………………………………… Health care and social assistance …………………… Arts, entertainment, and recreation ………………… Accommodation and food services …………………… Other services, except public administration ………… 5 26 (2) 8 (2) 38 4 11 4 20 ( ) 16 3 20 11 ( ) 24 (2) 34 13 (2) 29 5 31 8 28 15 3 17 3 24 – – – Total, private nonfarm1 ................................... Unclassified establishments …………………………… 2 ( ) 35 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. 2 NOTE: Dash represents zero. 34 2005 2006 2007 2008 159,867 107,399 153,718 125,836 216,322 (2) 2 2 789 – 2,718 71,013 4,815 24,921 5,423 8,282 8,714 ( ) – 3,270 48,184 2,491 17,318 4,965 2,906 5,119 ( ) – 1,377 67,228 4,265 40,784 7,852 6,537 5,510 1,184 – 2,083 56,264 4,103 19,771 3,209 1,623 16,164 (2) 4,783 83,661 6,591 51,381 15,844 3,059 11,367 7 18 7 37 1,299 4,136 (2) 1,503 (2) 9,345 532 1,831 811 3,913 981 3,729 1,415 9,073 2 ( ) 7,397 (2) 13 9 ( ) 28 9 44 6 (2) 8,410 1,868 (2) 5,609 568 5,818 1,208 4,935 2,517 296 2,970 367 5,226 1 – – – 2 ( ) 2004 2 2 2 2 2 ( ) 3,109 320 6,150 1,387 ( ) 8,351 (2) 3,296 1,814 ( ) 9,337 2,601 10,789 660 – 538 – Table 32. Permanent worksite closures: extended mass layoff events and separations, private nonfarm sector, 50 highest ranking three-digit NAICS industries in 2008 Permanent closures Industry NAICS 2007 Events 2 Separations 2008 Rank1 Events Separations Rank1 Total, private nonfarm ...................................... … 594 125,836 … 901 216,322 … Total, 50 highest ranking industries ............................. … 542 115,600 … 854 210,044 … General merchandise stores ....................................... Transportation equipment manufacturing .................... Credit intermediation and related activities ................. Food services and drinking places .............................. Administrative and support services ............................ Hospitals ...................................................................... Food and beverage stores .......................................... Food manufacturing .................................................... Furniture and home furnishings stores ........................ Plastics and rubber products manufacturing ............... 452 336 522 722 561 622 445 311 442 326 10 41 77 9 20 7 16 20 5 23 2,630 8,303 13,966 1,809 3,913 3,122 8,548 5,130 1,902 5,425 14 3 1 26 8 11 2 6 22 4 43 76 60 40 37 17 12 28 16 26 20,680 20,471 10,032 9,409 9,073 7,972 7,760 7,472 6,914 6,146 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Couriers and messengers ........................................... Wood product manufacturing ...................................... Computer and electronic product manufacturing ........ Electronics and appliance stores ................................. Textile mills .................................................................. Truck transportation .................................................... Furniture and related product manufacturing .............. Clothing and clothing accessories stores .................... Primary metal manufacturing ...................................... Professional and technical services ............................ 492 321 334 443 313 484 337 448 331 541 3 ( ) 16 18 8 23 (3) 15 6 7 11 (3) 2,516 5,245 1,841 4,664 (3) 2,180 1,682 1,647 1,831 56 15 5 23 7 62 17 27 30 24 7 29 28 9 20 21 20 14 18 18 6,025 5,915 5,770 5,278 5,119 4,886 4,334 3,820 3,770 3,729 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 Electrical equipment and appliance manufacturing ..... Fabricated metal product manufacturing ..................... Merchant wholesalers, durable goods ......................... Air transportation ......................................................... Motor vehicle and parts dealers .................................. Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods ................... Paper manufacturing ................................................... Chemical manufacturing .............................................. Machinery manufacturing ............................................ Apparel manufacturing ................................................ 335 332 423 481 441 424 322 325 333 315 8 19 10 (3) 3 13 12 14 10 20 1,664 3,279 1,662 3 ( ) 266 2,161 1,352 2,960 1,822 2,808 28 10 29 63 54 18 35 12 25 13 15 21 19 10 26 18 18 14 15 14 3,726 3,460 3,219 3,176 3,074 2,925 2,905 2,814 2,630 2,260 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 Printing and related support activities ......................... Specialty trade contractors .......................................... Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing ................ Construction of buildings ............................................. Building material and garden supply stores ................ Performing arts and spectator sports .......................... Management of companies and enterprises ............... Accommodation ........................................................... Publishing industries, except Internet .......................... Heavy and civil engineering construction .................... 323 238 327 236 444 711 551 721 511 237 14 3 8 3 (3) (3) 4 4 3 – 2,242 649 1,276 1,434 3 ( ) (3) 811 1,487 385 – 16 42 36 32 57 68 41 31 50 69 11 13 9 10 9 3 7 4 11 7 1,846 1,826 1,764 1,728 1,715 1,507 1,415 1,380 1,257 1,229 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 Insurance carriers and related activities ...................... Amusements, gambling, and recreation ...................... Telecommunications ................................................... Nonstore retailers ........................................................ Beverage and tobacco product manufacturing ............ Textile product mills ..................................................... Miscellaneous manufacturing ...................................... Transit and ground passenger transportation ............. Warehousing and storage ........................................... Nursing and residential care facilities .......................... 524 713 517 454 312 314 339 485 493 623 8 ( ) 6 (3 ) (3 ) 8 10 5 6 9 1,903 3 ( ) 528 (3 ) (3 ) 1,431 1,985 953 1,233 3,682 21 64 45 59 55 33 20 40 37 9 8 6 5 8 5 6 7 5 5 6 1 Industries are ranked by the number of separations in 2008. 2 See footnote 1, table 1. 3 3 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero. 35 1,210 1,094 1,060 1,058 1,003 971 853 818 779 767 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 Table 33. Permanent worksite closures: over-the-year comparisons of extended mass layoff events and separations by State, private nonfarm sector, 2007–08 State Layoffs 2007 Separations 2008 Change 2007 2008 Change Total, private nonfarm1 …… 594 901 307 125,836 216,322 90,486 Alabama ………………………… Alaska ………………………… Arizona ………………………… Arkansas ……………………… California ……………………… Colorado ……………………… Connecticut …………………… Delaware ……………………… District of Columbia …………… Florida ………………………… Georgia ………………………… Hawaii ………………………… Idaho …………………………… 16 – 4 7 94 – 5 – – 35 40 (2) 4 20 – 5 11 179 11 (2) (2) (2) 97 58 – (2) 4 – 1 4 85 11 (2) (2) (2) 62 18 (2) (2) 3,558 – 1,258 1,540 20,512 – 1,431 – – 6,442 5,599 (2) 437 5,502 – 1,900 1,826 42,569 3,201 (2) (2) (2) 27,071 9,129 – (2) 1,944 – 642 286 22,057 3,201 (2) (2) (2) 20,629 3,530 (2) (2) Illinois …………………………… Indiana ………………………… Iowa ........................................ Kansas ………………………… Kentucky ……………………… Louisiana ……………………… Maine …………………………… Maryland ……………………… Massachusetts ………………… Michigan ……………………… Minnesota ……………………… Mississippi ……………………… Missouri ………………………… 45 22 6 (2) 13 3 (2) 13 10 18 (2) 7 17 55 41 10 (2) 22 5 (2) 6 14 26 5 14 25 10 19 4 (2) 9 2 (2) -7 4 8 2 ( ) 7 8 8,964 5,112 1,645 (2) 1,714 730 (2) 1,929 1,770 7,865 (2) 2,239 3,325 12,672 10,035 1,839 (2) 3,211 649 (2) 861 2,011 5,932 976 3,558 6,309 3,708 4,923 194 (2) 1,497 -81 (2) -1,068 241 -1,933 (2) 1,319 2,984 Montana ………………………… Nebraska ……………………… Nevada ................................... New Hampshire ...................... New Jersey ............................ New Mexico ............................ New York ……………………… North Carolina ………………… North Dakota …………………… Ohio …………………………… Oklahoma ……………………… Oregon ………………………… Pennsylvania …………………… 3 (2) 5 (2) 40 (2) 32 24 – 29 4 7 8 5 (2) 9 – 44 7 25 26 – 67 3 8 9 2 (2) 4 (2) 4 (2) -7 2 – 38 -1 1 1 274 (2) 1,469 (2) 9,510 (2) 7,118 3,439 – 5,850 2,118 1,347 938 499 (2) 2,680 – 9,926 916 8,680 4,685 – 22,651 2,460 1,112 1,362 225 (2) 1,211 (2) 416 (2) 1,562 1,246 – 16,801 342 -235 424 Rhode Island …………………… South Carolina ………………… South Dakota ………………… Tennessee ……………………… Texas …………………………… Utah …………………………… Vermont ………………………… Virginia ………………………… Washington …………………… West Virginia …………………… Wisconsin ……………………… Wyoming ……………………… 3 8 (2) 16 19 (2) (2) 7 4 4 7 – 4 7 – 11 45 (2) – 3 4 (2) 6 – 1 -1 (2) -5 26 (2) (2) -4 – (2) -1 – 385 1,529 (2) 3,295 4,635 (2) (2) 1,628 1,532 413 1,360 – 527 1,479 – 1,304 11,940 (2) – 802 543 (2) 2,402 – 142 -50 (2) -1,991 7,305 (2) (2) -826 -989 (2) 1,042 – 1 See footnote 1, table 1. 2 Data do not meet BLS or State agency disclosure standards. NOTE: Dash represents zero. 36 Table 34. Permanent worksite closures: The 25 metropolitan areas with the largest number of initial claimants associated with extended mass layoff events in 2008, by residency of claimants, private nonfarm sector 2007 Metropolitan Area 2 Initial claims 2008 Rank1 Initial claims Rank1 Total, 372 metropolitan areas ……………………………………… 76,323 … 149,463 … Total, 25 highest ranking metropolitan areas………………………… 42,661 … 92,206 … Los Angeles-Long Beach-Santa Ana, CA………………………………… Riverside-San Bernardino-Ontario, CA…………………………………… New York-Northern New Jersey-Long Island, NY-NJ-PA……………… Chicago-Naperville-Joliet, IL-IN-WI……………………………………… San Francisco-Oakland-Fremont, CA…………………………………… Atlanta-Sandy Springs-Marietta, GA……………………………………… Dalton, GA…………………………………………………………………… Miami-Fort Lauderdale-Pompano Beach, FL…………………………… 6,434 2,431 8,746 4,678 1,358 2,500 1,566 1,421 2 6 1 3 10 5 8 9 14,946 7,854 7,829 7,084 6,272 4,720 3,689 3,552 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Tampa-St. Petersburg-Clearwater, FL…………………………………… San Diego-Carlsbad-San Marcos, CA…………………………………… Sacramento—Arden-Arcade—Roseville,CA……………………………… CA Sacramento--Arden-Arcade--Roseville, Detroit-Warren-Livonia, MI………………………………………………… Dallas-Fort Worth-Arlington, TX…………………………………………… San Jose-Sunnyvale-Santa Clara, CA…………………………………… St. Louis, MO-IL…………………………………………………………… Orlando-Kissimmee, FL…………………………………………………… 732 1,567 1,063 4,421 710 714 1,092 482 21 7 12 4 23 22 11 36 3,311 3,287 3,081 2,689 2,654 2,344 2,307 2,011 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Elkhart-Goshen, IN………………………………………………………… Cincinnati-Middletown, OH-KY-IN………………………………………… Columbus, OH……………………………………………………………… Dayton, OH………………………………………………………………… Philadelphia-Camden-Wilmington, PA-NJ-DE-MD……………………… Janesville, WI……………………………………………………………… Indianapolis-Carmel, IN…………………………………………………… Houston-Sugar Land-Baytown, TX……………………………………… Palm Bay-Melbourne-Titusville, FL……………………………………… 60 222 646 567 793 4 120 254 80 151 66 27 29 19 264 109 57 132 1,878 1,811 1,790 1,768 1,640 1,601 1,440 1,423 1,225 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 Metropolitan areas are ranked by the number of initial claimants in 2008. 2008 See footnote 1, table 1. NOTE: The geographic boundaries of the metropolitan areas shown in this table are defined in U.S. U S Office of Management and Budget Bulletin 09-01, November 20, 2008. Dash represents zero. 1 2 37 Technical Note T he Mass Layoff Statistics (MLS) program is a FederalState program that uses a standardized, automated approach to identifying, describing, and tracking the effects of major job cutbacks, using data from each State’s unemployment insurance (UI) database. Establishments that have at least 50 initial claims for unemployment insurance filed against them during a consecutive 5-week period are contacted by the State agency to determine whether these separations are of at least 31 days’ duration, and, if so, information is obtained on the total number of persons separated and the reasons for these separations. Establishments are identified according to industry classification and location, and unemployment insurance claimants are identified by such demographic factors as age, race, sex, ethnic group, and place of residence. The MLS program yields information on an individual’s entire spell of unemployment, to the point at which regular unemployment insurance benefits are exhausted. Beginning with data for 2004, the scope of extended mass layoffs and plant closings was redefined to cover only the private nonfarm economy. Therefore, extended mass layoff information for agriculture and Government are no longer collected. With the release of the extended mass layoff data from the first quarter of 2007, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) introduced improvements to the presentation of data on economic reasons for extended mass layoffs. Clearer definitions and titles for many of the current reasons were introduced and four new reasons were added. In addition, seven higher level categories— business demand, disaster/safety, financial, organizational, production, seasonal, and other/miscellaneous—are used to aggregate and report the detailed economic reasons for layoff. Because of these changes, data beginning with the first quarter of 2007 are not strictly comparable to data from previous quarters. For additional information on the changes to the MLS reasons, including a detailed definition of each reason and a crosswalk of the new to the old reasons, please see http://www.bls.gov/mls/home.htm. Definitions Clothing manufacturing and distribution. Industries involved in the production and distribution of clothing. These industries include textile mills, apparel manufacturing, footwear manufacturing, apparel and piece goods merchant wholesalers, clothing stores, shoe stores, department stores, and formal wear and costume rental. Continued claim. A claim filed after the initial claim, by mail, telephone, or in person, for waiting-period credit or payment for a certified week of unemployment. The MLS program collects continued claims for 1 week each month. That is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th day of the month and is referred to as the Current Population Survey (CPS) reference week. Because continued claims are not tracked for all weeks, an exact measure of insured jobless duration is not available. Establishment. A unit at a single physical location at which predominantly one type of economic activity is conducted. Extended layoff event. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment during a 5-week period, with at least 50 workers separated for more than 30 days. Final payment recipients. Persons who have exhausted all of their unemployment insurance benefits and are no longer eligible for any further benefits. Food processing and distribution. Industries that are involved in the production and distribution of food. These industries include food manufacturing, beverage manufacturing, grocery and related product wholesalers, farm product raw material merchant wholesalers, alcoholic beverage merchant wholesalers, farm supplies merchant wholesalers, food and beverage stores, food (health) supplement stores, refrigerated warehousing and storage, farm product warehousing and storage, veterinary services, and food services and drinking places. Initial claimant. A person who files any notice of unemployment to initiate a request either for a determination of entitlement to and eligibility for compensation, or for a subsequent period of unemployment within a benefit year or period of eligibility. Layoff. The separation of persons from an employer as part of a mass layoff event. (See below.) Such layoffs involve both persons who are subject to recall and those who are terminated. Mass layoff. Fifty or more initial claims for unemployment insurance benefits from an establishment beginning in a given month, regardless of the duration of the layoff. Movement-of-work action. Employer-confirmed relocation of work within the same company or to other companies, domestically or outside the United States. Because employers may cite more than one location to which work is moving, a layoff event may have more than one action associated with it. Movement-of-work separations. The number of separations specifically associated with movement-of-work actions. Separations. The total number of people laid off in an extended mass layoff event for more than 30 days, according to the employer. Worksite closure. The full closure of either multi-unit or singleunit establishments or the partial closure of a multi-unit establishment where entire worksites affected by layoffs are closed or planned to be closed with no employer expectation of recall. 38 Movement-of-work concepts and questions Because of the employer interview component, BLS decided to use the MLS program as a vehicle for collecting additional information on offshoring and outsourcing associated with job loss, by adding questions that address movement of work. The term “moving work” means that the company experiencing the layoff has reassigned work activities that were performed at a worksite by the company's employees (1) to another worksite within the company, (2) to another company under formal arrangements at the same worksite, or (3) to another company under formal arrangements at another worksite. The type of work activities subject to movement can include accounting, customer service, cleaning, warehousing, and so forth. “Overseas relocation” is the movement of work from within the United States to locations outside of the United States. Overseas relocation can occur within the same company and involve movement of work to a different location of that company outside of the United States, or to a different company altogether. “Domestic relocation” is the movement of work to other locations inside the United States, either within the same company or to a different company. Overseas relocation and domestic relocation are no longer used in the same way as they were in earlier extended mass layoff reports. Therefore, the data presented in this report are not comparable to those that were presented in earlier reports. Questions on movement of work and location are asked for all identified layoff events when the reason for separation is other than seasonal work or vacation period. Seasonal and vacation layoff events were excluded because movement of work appears unlikely. The State analyst asks questions on movement of work after he or she has verified that a layoff in fact occurred and lasted more than 30 days, and has obtained the total number of workers separated from jobs, the date the layoff began, and the economic reason for the layoff. If the reason for layoff is other than seasonal or vacation, the employer is asked the following: (1) Did this layoff include your company moving work from this location(s) to a different geographic location(s) within your company? (2) Did this layoff include your company moving work that was performed in-house by your employees to a different company, through contractual arrangements? If the respondent answers yes to either question, the analyst follows up by asking, “Is the location inside or outside of the United States?” and “How many of the layoffs were a result of this relocation?” Layoff actions are classified as overseas relocation if the employer responds yes to questions 1 and/or 2, and indicates that the location(s) was outside of the United States. Domestic relocation is determined if the employer responds yes to questions 1 and/or 2 and indicates that the location(s) was within the United States. After asking the movement-of-work questions, the employer interview continues and the analyst obtains responses for questions on recall expectations and open/closed status of the worksite. The MLS program uses a range to report separations associated with movement of work. The data provided by respondents on the number of separations associated with specific movement-ofwork actions establish a lower bound. The upper bound is the total number of separations in extended mass layoff events in which there was some movement of work. The difference between the lower and upper bounds includes an unknown number of separations that were not due to movement of work and an unknown number of separations from movement-of-work actions where employers could not provide detail. Reliability of the data The identification of establishments and layoff events in the MLS program and associated characteristics of claimants is based on administrative data on covered establishments and unemployment insurance claims, and, therefore, is not subject to issues associated with sampling error. Nonsampling errors such as typographical errors may occur but are not likely to be significant. While the MLS establishments and layoff events are not subject to sampling error, and all such employers are asked the employer interview questions, the employer responses are subject to nonsampling error. Nonsampling error can occur for many reasons, including the inability to obtain information for all respondents, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For 2008, outright refusal to participate in the employer interview accounted for 3.4 percent of all private nonfarm events. Employers in 124 instances were included in the total number of actions entailing movement of work, but were unable to provide the number of separations specifically associated with the movement of work. Out-of-country moves were involved in 25 of these instances. Material in this report is in the public domain and, with appropriate credit, may be used without permission. The information in this report is available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 691-7828; Federal Relay Service: 1-800-877-8339. Email address: mlsinfo@bls.gov. 39
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