The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.
L 2 .3 . Expenditures and Manpower Requirements for Selected Federal Programs U.S. Department of Labor Bureau of Labor Statistics 1975 Bulletin 1851 United S ta te s. Bureau of Labor S t a t i s t i c s . Expenditures and manpower requirem ents fo r se lec te d F ederal programs. (B u lle tin - Bureau of Labor S t a ti s t i c s ; 1851) Supt. of Docs, n o .: 12.3:1851 1. Manpower policy--U nited S ta te s . 2. Employment fo recastin g --U n ited S ta te s . I . T it l e . I I . S eries: United S ta te s. Bureau of Labor S t a t i s t i c s . B u lle tin ; 1851. 75-6190U6 HD5723.U53 1975 331.1’1 ’0973 Expenditures and Manpower Requirements for Selected Federal Programs Veterans Administration Health Care National Institutes of Health Manpower Institutional Training Program National Aeronautics and Space Administration Space Shuttle U.S. Department of Labor John T. Dunlop, Secretary Bureau of Labor Statistics Julius Shiskin, Commissioner 1975 Bulletin 1851 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20402. GPO Bookstore, or BLS Regional Offices listed on inside back cover. Price $1.20. Make checks payable to Superintendent of Documents. Stock Number 029-001-01386-8 Preface This study presents the manpower requirements, by industry and occupation, of a selected group of programs and agencies which are broadly representative of different types of Federal expenditures. The report was prepared by the Bureau of Labor Statistics with the financial assistance of the U.S. Department of Labor’s Manpower Administration, Office of Manpower Research and Development, Howard Rosen, Director. The Bureau has already published, or is in the process of publishing, a number of other studies of the manpower impact of Federal expenditures. Manpower Impact o f Federal Government Programs: Selected Grants-in-Aid to State and Local Governments (Report 424, 1973), summarizes earlier BLS work on manpower requirements, provides an overview of the difficulties of tracing the downward flow o f Federal monies, and presents the results of studies of two Federal programs—Title I of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act and the National School Lunch Program. Another project, in press, Factbook for Estimating the Manpower Needs o f Federal Programs (Bulletin 1832), brings together in one publication a set of employment and occupational factors designed to aid agency administrators in estimating the manpower requirements of Federal outlays. A forthcoming study, focusing not only on the demand generated for manpower but also on the supply for 1972 and selected future years, is Research on the Effects o f Federal Programs on Occupational Requirements and Supply: A Demonstration Study o f the National Institutes o f Health. Still another BLS research study, sponsored by the National Science Foundation, is Impact o f Federal Pollution Control and Abatement Expenditures on Manpower Requirements (Bulletin 1836), which uses data collected from primary rather than secondary sources. Coordination of the studies in this bulletin was provided by Thomas F. Fleming, Jr., of the Bureau’s Division of Economic Growth, and Michael F. Crowley, of the Division of Manpower and Occupational Outlook. Participating in the research and the preparation of the report were: Arthur J. Andreassen, Douglas J. Braddock, Virginia A. Broadbeck, Mary S. Carroll, David S. Frank, Richard P. Oliver, Valerie S. Personick, Kenneth W. Rogers, and Marybeth M. Tschetter. The Bureau gratefully acknowledges the help and cooperation of the many officials in the Federal agencies who provided the data on which these studies are based. in Page Introduction ........................................................................................................................................................................ Analytical fr a m e w o rk ................................................................................................................................................ Limitations ................................................................................................................................................................ 1 1 2 Overview of r e s u l t s ................................................................................................................................................................ Employment requirements per billion d o l l a r s ........................................................................................................ Employment requirements by industry s e c t o r ........................................................................................................ Occupational p a t t e r n s ................................................................................................................................................ 4 4 5 6 Chapter 1. Veterans Administration health care p r o g r a m ........................................................................................... 8 Summary .................................................................................................................................................................... 8 Program d e sc rip tio n .................................................................................................................................................... 8 Expenditures ............................................................................................................................................................ 8 Employment re q u ire m e n ts....................................................................................................................................... 9 Occupational p a t t e r n s .................................................................................................................................................10 Chapter 2. National Institutes of H e a l t h .........................................................................................................................12 Summary .....................................................................................................................................................................12 Extramural program .................................................................................................................................................13 Direct o p e ra tio n s .........................................................................................................................................................17 Chapter 3. Manpower institutional training p r o g r a m ................................................................................................ 19 S u m m a r y .....................................................................................................................................................................19 Program d esc rip tio n .....................................................................................................................................................19 Data and sample ........................................................................................................................................................ 20 Expenditures .............................................................................................................................................................20 Employment requirements and occupational patterns ........................................................................................ 20 Chapter 4. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Space Shuttle program ................................ 25 Summary .....................................................................................................................................................................25 Program d esc rip tio n .....................................................................................................................................................25 Data and sample .........................................................................................................................................................25 Expenditures .............................................................................................................................................................26 Employment re q u ire m e n ts.........................................................................................................................................28 Occupational p a t t e r n s .................................................................................................................................................30 Tables: 1. Employment requirements per billion dollars of expenditures by program and industry sector ........................................................................ Veterans Administration health care: 2. Expenditures by industry sector, fiscal year 1972 ............................................................................ 3. Employment requirements by industry sector, fiscal year 1972 ........................................................ 4. Employment requirements by occupation, fiscal year 1972 ............................................................ National Institutes of Health: 5. Expenditures and employment requirements by program, fiscal years 1969 and 1972 ................................................................................................................. 6. Employment requirements by occupation, fiscal year 1969 ............................................................ 7. Domestic awards (extramural program) by type, fiscal year 1969 ........................................................................................................................................ 8. Expenditures and employment requirements, extramural program, fiscal year 1969 ........................................................................ .1 9. Direct employment requirements, extramural program, by occupation, fiscal year 1969 ........................ ........................................ .1 10. Purchases resulting from extramural program by industry .1 sector, fiscal year 1969 ........................................................ ... 11. Indirect employment requirements of extramural .1 program by industry sector, fiscal year 1969 .................................... 12. Employment by occupation, direct operations, fiscal year 1969 ........................................................................................ .1 13. Employment generated by purchases, direct operations, fiscal year 1969 .................................................................................... . Manpower Development and Training Act institutional training program: 14. Employment requirements by occupation, fiscal year 1972 ............................................................................ 15. Direct employment requirements by occupation, fiscal year 1972 ............................................................ 16. Indirect employment requirements by industry sector, fiscal year 1972 ............................................................ 17. Indirect employment requirements by occupation, fiscal year 1972 ........................ ... ............................ National Aeronautics and Space Administration: 18. NASA purchases, selected industries, fiscal year 1973 . 19. Space Shuttle purchases, selected industries, fiscal year 1973 ........................................................................ 20. NASA indirect employment requirements by industry sector, fiscal year 1973 ........................................................................ 21. NASA indirect employment requirements, selected industries, fiscal year 1973 ........................................ 22. Space Shuttle indirect employment requirements by industry sector, fiscal year 1973 ........................................ 23. Space Shuttle indirect employment requirements, selected industries, fiscal year 1973 ................................................ 24. NASA employment requirements by occupation, fiscal year 1973 ................................................................ 25. Space Shuttle employment requirements by occupation, fiscal year 1973 ................................................................ 5 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 5 6 7 7 18 21 22 23 . 23 . 27 . 28 .2 9 . 29 . 29 .3 0 . 30 . 31 Page Charts: 1. 2. Relationship of expenditures, employment, and occupationalrequirements ......................................... Occupational patterns of selected Federal programs ............................................................................. 3 6 Appendixes: A. Technical notes .................................................................................................................................................32 B. Detailed tables: 38 B -l. Expenditures for goods and services by program and in d u s tr y ........... .3 9 B-2. Indirect employment requirements by program and i n d u s tr y .....................................................................................................................................41 B-3. Employment requirements by program andoccupation ..................................................................45 Introduction Substantial amounts of Federal dollars flow into the economy each year. Federal expenditures in fiscal 1973 totaled more than $255 billion, up from $233.2 billion a year earlier. Just a decade earlier, Federal expenditures, at $106.3 billion, were less than half their 1972 level. During the intervening 10 years, Federal Government expenditures for goods and services alone increased from $61.0 billion to $103.2 billion. Grants-in-aid to State and local governments climbed even faster—more than quadrupling in the period—with an average growth rate of approximately 16 percent. At the same time, transfer payments expanded by more than $50 billion over the 10 years, for an average annual rate of growth of close to 12 percent. Since Federal expenditures and policies substantially affect, not only public employment, but also private sector job opportunities, the development of a mech anism to measure their total impact on manpower is essential for assessing the effects of government pro grams.1 In this study, and in other related studies, the Bureau of Labor Statistics has adapted techniques and models developed initially for long-term projections of industry and occupational employment needs to mea sure the current manpower requirements of Federal spending programs. This report, consisting of five studies, focuses on the manpower requirements by industry and occupation for a selected group of programs and agencies which are broadly representative of different types of Federal expenditures. The Veterans Administration (VA) health care program is primarily an example of one in which the Federal Government is the direct purchaser of goods and services—in this case, the goods and services required for the operation of health facilities and medical programs. Research on the manpower requirements for the National Institutes of Health (NIH) not only studies the government in its role as a purchaser for its own research facility, but also investigates the impact of grants-in-aid or research contracts on other health care and research facilities. The study of the institutional training program under the Manpower Development and Training Act (MDTA), jointly administered by the U.S. Departments of Labor and of Health, Education, and Welfare, shows the employment requirements of grantsin-aid or contracts to local governments and private organizations to train workers. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) manpower impact study centers on the budget of an entire agency, much of which is contracted out to a variety of industrial, research, and academic facilities. In addition, the NASA study provides separate manpower requirements for the Space Shuttle program to demonstrate how require ments of a particular program change as it advances from the design stage through its completion. Analytical framework At the heart of the manpower requirements esti mating process are the Bureau’s interindustry employ ment model and its industry-occupational matrix. The input-output tables2 show what each industry in the economy purchases from every other industry, thereby providing an analytical tool for measuring the total effect on the production system, industry by industry, of a specified amount of demand for a final product. For example, the purchase of a new house requires employ ment not only in the construction industry but also in such sectors as lumber, heating, and plumbing as well as in supplying industries such as metals and basic mining. In addition, demands are created for a host of other purchases such as energy, packaging, and so on, through the whole cycle of production and distribution. The interindustry model traces the intricate linkages through the economy and measures both the direct and indirect requirements of the output of each of the industries. The production links are translated into employment requirements by use of employment-output ratios for each sector. After industry employment requirements are developed, they become the inputs to the industryoccupational matrix.3 This matrix distributes total 2Appendix A describes the input-output system in more detail. See also appendix A o f The Structure o f the U.S. Economy in 1980 and 1985, Bulletin 1831 (Bureau o f Labor Statistics, 1975). 3Appendix A describes the occupational matrix in more 1 Manpower Report o f the President (U.S. Department of detail. See also Occupational Employment Statistics, 1960-70, Labor, March 1972). Bulletin 1738 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1972). national employment into occupations and crossclassifies them by industries. A newly revised matrix, based on the 1970 Census of Population, distributes approximately 400 occupations and cross-classifies them by 200 industries. In this framework of analysis, where employment in each industry is determined by generated production levels, the estimates of employment requirements would generally be limited to direct Federal purchases of goods and services. This system, however, can be extended to other types of Federal outlays, such as grants-in-aid, transfer payments, and subsidies, by determining the purchases made by the sector receiving the Federal outlay. For example, the employment requirements created by grants to State and local governments can be estimated from studies of the purchases made by State and local governments in carrying out the purpose of the grants. Similarly, transfer payments to persons can be analyzed by considering the impact of these payments on personal consumption expenditures. This of course, involves determining the extent to which transfer pay ments become disposable income and consumption expenditures and further identifying the pattern of subsequent consumption purchases.4 BLS research methods. First the amount of direct employment generated in the public sector (and in certain of these studies, the private sector) was obtained from agency personnel records and published sources. The compensation associated with this employment was then subtracted from the expenditures of the program. Next, the balance of purchases formed the primary input into the input-output system. These remaining purchases were then sorted into a “bill of goods” which was developed by distributing a detailed list of purchases for each program or agency among those industry sectors which provide the product or service. Compilation of the bill of goods frequently involved examining an agency’s records to determine expenditures for the program studied in the greatest amount of detail available. For studies of the VA health care program and the Space Shuttle program of NASA, data were collected for expenditures covering the whole program or agency. On the other hand, in the NIH, NASA, and MDTA studies, samples of the data were developed since the data sources themselves-grants-in-aid or contracts-were so numerous. For the programs studied in this report, purchases developed into bills of goods were converted into 1963 dollars so that they would be compatible with the interindustry model for 1970 in which the sector relationships are stated in 1963 dollars. The bills of goods were used as inputs into the model to produce the requirements for the output of all industries through all stages of production. Output requirements were next converted to the total employment required in each industry. Employment estimates, adjusted to represent price and productivity changes from 1970 to the year for which the programs were studied5, were used as inputs into the industry-occupational matrix. The em ployment data were analyzed before the matrix was used to distribute the jobs into occupational requirements, based on 1970 patterns. Distortions stemming from the use of the 1970 occupational data base are considered to be minimal since the occupational structures of indus tries change slowly and these variations are not usually significant in the short run. Chart 1 summarizes the process by which occupational requirements are derived. Employment definitions. In this report, employment is classified as direct or indirect. Direct employment is defined as those jobs identified specifically from the payroll of the agency, program, or grant-in-aid exam ined; it is not a product of the input-output system. Direct employment is usually in the public sector, but may be in the private sector in the case of programs not operated by the government but funded by research contracts or grants-in-aid, such as those found in the NIH and MDTA studies. In contrast, indirect employ ment is that resulting from the expenditures of the agency or program for all goods and services other than those for the direct compensation of its own personnel. Included are both the primary or first tier of jobs—those required initially in the industry providing the product or service demanded—and the secondary tier, or all remaining jobs which are required in supporting indus tries. (See chart 1.) Limitations Several qualifications should be noted with respect to use of the interindustry employment model and the occupational matrix. The figures provided in this report refer only to average manpower requirements of a Federal program and not to the additional or incremen tal requirements resulting from an increase in the program. In determining the incremental requirements of a program, much depends on the nature of the producing sector and the state of the economy when the addition to demand is made. Since information is currently not available on incremental or marginal productivity ratios it is impossible to specify how many additional workers would actually be hired as a result of an increase in any of the programs covered. The 4 At present, consumption patterns for differing population 5 Data for the VA health care and MDTA programs are for groups are available only for 1960-61. BLS expects soon to fiscal year (FY) 1972. NASA and Space Shuttle data are for FY complete expenditure patterns for 1972-73 which will update 1973. The NIH study is based on FY 1969 data, which were and greatly expand this information. updated to 1972. Chart 1. Relationship of Expenditures, Employment, and Occupational Requirements difference between, average and marginal impact on manpower requirements is significant both for individual industries and for the entire economy.6 The relative dispersion of the government expendi tures also can affect manpower requirements. If a large amount of Federal dollars were spread over a large number o f establishments or local governments in broad geographic areas, then the increment to each may be readily absorbed without additions to employment. However, if the same amount were expended in one establishment, industry, or area, then the relative impact o f the increment may be such that it would substantially affect manpower requirements. Another difficulty in assessing manpower require ments arises from the inability to ascertain whether a proposed expenditure by the Federal Government is an addition to, or a substitution for, other expenditures. For example, grants-in-aid to State and local govern ments may take the place of expenditures that would otherwise be funded by States and localities themselves. The grants would therefore be spent in lieu of the State or local funds. Transfer payments also do not necessarily lead to additional purchases of goods and services. ‘ Even for industries, the averages are only approximately representative, since differences in product-mix and establish ment size would be involved in a specified demand change. Medicare payments may in part substitute for the use of private funds by individuals to purchase health services. In this case, the funds would partially substitute for other expenditures and would also add new expendi tures. A further limitation to the manpower requirements studies is the omission of the multiplier and accelerator effects of the dollars expended. This means that the further employment and occupational effects generated as newly employed workers spend their earnings and consumer goods and services and as businesses invest in plant and equipment to meet increased demand are not included in the estimates. Nevertheless, while these limitations exist, these five studies, together with other BLS research on manpower requirements, form a useful analytical framework for assessing the manpower requirements stemming from expenditures of Federal dollars. BLS has already started to disaggregate Federal expenditures both by program or agency—NASA, NIH, and so on—and by type—direct purchases or grants-in-aid. As a result, the employment and occupational patterns for individual programs and agencies have been shown to vary considerably. Such information should be useful for the determination of both the manpower requirements and the feasibility of proposed programs. Overview of Results More than 500,000 job opportunities78 were gener ated in the public and private sectors by the expenditure of some $7.5 billion of Federal funds for the programs studied here. The size of the programs ranged from the $3.3 billion of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, which provided 194,280 jobs, to the Manpower Development and Training Act’s institutional training programs with an expenditure of $253 million, which required approximately 26,000 jobs for its opera tion. The Veterans Administration health care program was budgeted at $1.8 billion and provided over 157,000 jobs, while the National Institutes of Health budget of $2.1 billion was estimated to generate approximately 154,000 jobs. FY 1972 expenditures* (millions) T o ta l......................................... VA health care......................................... N IH ........................................................... MDTA institutional training program ............................................. NASA9 .................................................... Space Shuttle program ................ $7,468.8 1,822.2 2,077.9 253.5 3,315.2 230.1 Since the actual employment and occupational pat terns of the programs studied will be covered in their respective chapters, only a brief comparison of their relative job-generating characteristics is included here. For this comparison the best method is to state the manpower requirements in terms of the number of jobs generated over a common denominator such as a billion dollars of expenditures.10 This approach readily points 7 The concept of employment refers to the number of jobs and therefore is higher than the number of persons employed as measured in labor force surveys because of dual jobholding and other statistical differences. 8Annual references in this report are to fiscal years unless otherwise noted. 9The NASA study used FY 1973 data rather than FY 1972. To a limited extent the comparison with other programs could be affected by this time difference. 10 This approach forms the basis for the manpower factors presented in detail in the Factbook for Estimating the Manpower Needs o f Federal Programs, Bulletin 1832 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1975). out the differences in manpower requirements that various programs or demand categories will produce. Employment requirements per billion dollars Three of the five programs studied required more jobs per billion dollars of expenditures than the average for all Federal nondefense purchases of 66,600 jobs per billion dollars. (See table 1.) The institutional manpower training program generated the largest number of jobs of the programs analyzed for this report—approximately 136,500 per billion dollars of expenditures. Total NIH expenditures for running both its own facilities and its grants-in-aid activities generated about 83,700 jobs per billion dollars in 1972. NASA expenditures for 1973 generated job requirements equaling 58,600 jobs for each billion dollars spent. The Space Shuttle program of NASA considered alone required 57,000 jobs on the same billion-dollars basis. Differences in the mix of public and private employ ees accounted for a substantial amount of the variance among the programs studied. For Federal nondefense purchases of goods and services as a whole, the number of employees on Federal payrolls constituted 55 percent of the jobs required. NASA contracts out a substantial share of its budget and has only 17 percent of its jobs within the agency. Similarly, the Space Shuttle program has only 19 percent of its jobs on its own payroll. The other three programs studied (NIH, VA, and MDTA programs) each had a much higher proportion of the employment generated by their expenditures on their own payrolls—reaching about 70 percent in the case of the VA health care program. Although this difference may reflect the labor intensiveness of some public programs as compared to others, it also reflects the fact that the system used in this analysis accounts for all dollars expended in the public sector, while in the private sector the procedures used do not reflect the manpower impact of depreciation, rental income, or corporate profits. Inclusion of these would narrow the differences between the private and public sectors in the number of jobs required. Sector T o ta l............................................... Direct employment ...................................... Indirect em ploym ent.................................... A griculture........................................... Mining ................................................. Construction ...................................... Manufacturing .................................... Transportation, communication, and public u tilitie s......................... T ra d e .................................................... Finance, insurance, and real estate............................................... Services ............................................... Government enterprises.................... T o ta l............................................... Direct employment ...................................... 1ndirect em ploym ent.................................... A griculture........................................... Mining ................................................. Construction ...................................... Manufacturing .................................... Transportation, communication, and public u tilitie s ......................... Trade .................................................... Finance, insurance,and real estate............................................... Services ............................................... Government enterprises.................... Veterans Average, Federal Administration i nondefense health care programs1 (VA) (calendar year 1972) 66,592 36,678 29,914 193 393 2,742 10,596 (fiscal year 1972) 88,955 62,434 26,521 824 240 1,722 8,311 Manpower National Development Aeronautics and Training and Space Act (MDTA) Administration institution :l (NASA) program (fiscal (fiscal (fiscal year 1972) year 1972) year 1973) 58,603 136,464 83,735 10,214 70,270 47,601 66,194 48,389 36,134 234 2,262 3,996 567 343 311 954 1,508 1,021 26,584 15,490 9,973 National Institutes of Health (NIH) (fiscal year 1973) 57,013 10,618 46,395 209 352 648 31,043 8,373 18,264 2,656 2,650 2,173 2,473 1,285 3,689 10,313 12,661 732 2,133 Percent distribution 100.0 100.0 51.5 56.8 48.5 43.2 2.9 2.7 .4 .4 .7 1.8 11.4 11.9 1,006 13,120 912 895 7,832 769 100.0 17.4 82.6 .4 .6 1.6 45.4 100.0 18.6 81.4 .4 .6 1.1 54.5 6.1 13.4 4.5 4.4 3.8 4.3 2.7 9.3 1.6 1.7 22.4 1.6 1.6 13.7 1.4 2,729 2,559 2,481 2,544 742 8,692 1,268 592 9,147 660 100.0 55.1 44.9 .3 .6 4.1 15.9 100.0 70.2 29.8 .9 .3 1.9 9.3 4.1 3.8 2.8 2.9 2.9 8.7 1.1 13.1 1.9 .7 10.3 .7 1.5 12.3 .9 1 Based on fa c to rs given in the Factbook for Estimating the Manpower Needs of Federal Programs, B u lle tin 1 8 3 2 (B u re a u o f Space Shuttle 2,439 7,311 SO U RCE: B u re au o f L a b o r S ta tistic s. L a b o r S ta tistic s, in press), p. 12. Employment requirements by industry sector In terms of job opportunities by major industry sector, the programs studied varied considerably among themselves and also differed from the pattern of total Federal nondefense purchases. Looking at the indirect jobs, the sectors affected most substantially were usually manufacturing, services, and trade, but the variations from one program to another were sizable. Manufac turing showed a range of 8,311 job opportunities (VA) to 26,584 (NASA) for a billion dollars expended compared to 10,596 per billion for total Federal nondefense purchases. With the exception of NASA, all programs studied purchased fewer goods on the average than the typical government program, and the types of purchases made were less likely to require large numbers of indirect jobs in supporting industries. Services accounted for 8,692 jobs or 13.1 percent of the employment generated by a billion dollars of Federal nondefense spending. The five programs generated ser vice jobs in a range of 9,147 (VA) to 13,120 (NASA) jobs per billion dollars. As a proportion of all the jobs generated by a particular program, services were highest for NASA, at 22.4 percent. This high percentage of service jobs is due to the greater than average reliance of the space agency on outside contractors for services. Among the other major sectors, between 2,544 jobs (VA) and 18,264 (MDTA) in trade were required per billion dollars worth of expenditures compared to 2,559 for all Federal nondefense purchases. The very large number of trade sector job opportunities provided by the MDTA program reflected the allowances provided trainees which were used to purchase consumer goods in the retail trade sector. Similarly, the MDTA program’s allowances for personal living expenses generated the highest number of jobs in the agriculture sector (food purchases), with transportation and utilities also af fected. All the programs studied, however, required fewer jobs in construction than the average of 2,742 jobs per billion dollars for all Federal nondefense purchases. The VA health care program, which included hospital and extended care facility construction, generated the greatest number of construction jobs per billion dollars—1,722—of the five programs studied. Occupational patterns Only in a very broad way do the major occupational groupings of the five studies resemble the pattern for total Federal nondefense expenditures. As in the sector as a whole, more than half of the occupations in these studies were classified as white collar; only a very small proportion were in the sales worker, laborer, or farm worker categories. Considerable variation was evident, however, in the proportion of jobs classified as opera tives, craft workers, and service workers (chart 2). Chart 2. Occupational Patterns of Selected Federal Programs Percent 100 Professional, technical, and kindred workers 80 Managers, officials, and proprietors 60 Clerical workers Sales workers 40 Craft workers Operatives 20 Service workers Laborers, rm workers 0 AVERAGE, FEDERAL N O N D EFEN SE PROGRAMS Calendar year 1972 Source: Bureau of Labor Statistics. NIH H EALTH CARE Fiscal year 1972 Fiscal year 1969 MDTA PROGRAM Fiscal year 1972 NASA Fiscal year 1973 PROGRAM AND Y E A R OF STUDY SPACE SH U TTLE Fiscal year 1973 Nevertheless, the mixture of white-collar jobs and other specific occupational requirements for the pro grams varied significantly from that for total Federal Government (nondefense). Although approximately 24 percent of all Federal nondefense jobs were classified as professional and technical, the share of these jobs for the programs studied ranged from a low of about 30 percent (NASA) to a high of more than 48 percent (NIH). The high proportion of professional and technical occupa tions reflected the more extensive scientific and tech nical missions of the programs studied than found in the government as a whole. In the case of NASA and the Space Shuttle program, substantial numbers of engineers are required both directly on government payrolls and in the aerospace and electronics industries which hold many of the NASA contracts. The large numbers of physicians, scientists, nurses, and other health-related occupations required for the health care and medical research programs of VA and NIH accounted for their high proportion of professional and technical occupa tions. Twenty-three percent of the jobs required for all Federal nondefense expenditures were found in the craft and operative classifications. Unlike the total Federal nondefense sector, however, where the jobs were split fairly evenly between the two broad occupational groups, the programs studied displayed wide variations in their shares of the total. Both NASA and the Space Shuttle program had a higher proportion of their jobs in both the craft and operative categories than either the average of all Federal nondefense or any of the other programs studied. The nature of the contracted-out expenditures for the space mission of NASA was the major factor accounting for its larger proportion of operatives and craft workers. The programs in this study have a far smaller share of their jobs classified as clerical than does the Federal Government as a whole. Sales workers accounted for roughly the same percentage of all occupations for the Federal Government as a whole and the individual programs, with one exception—the MDTA institutional training program. Due primarily to the impact of living allowances paid to trainees, which, for the purposes of determining manpower requirements, were distributed through a personal consumption expenditures pattern, the MDTA study showed 4 percent of its jobs in the sales category—more than double the proportion in the other programs studied. In four of the five studies laborers accounted for somewhat fewer jobs than the average for the Federal nondefense sector. In the NIH program, however, laborers accounted for 6.6 percent of the jobs because of the large number of caretakers needed for research animals. Farm workers amounted to less than 1 percent of the workers for the Federal nondefense sector as a whole and for most of the programs studied. The MDTA institutional training program, however, had a somewhat larger percentage of its jobs in farming, again due to the requirements generated by food purchases in the per sonal consumption expenditure pattern applied to the trainees’ living allowances. Chapter 1. Veterans Administration Health Care Program Summary Expenditures for health care by the Veterans Admin istration (VA) totaled slightly more than $1.8 billion in 1972. Roughly 60 percent of the VA budget was allocated to meet the payroll costs of its 111,000 fulland part-time employees. The remainder of its monies generated 47,450 indirect jobs in supporting industries and services. Although the majority of employees directly on VA’s payroll were health professionals— physicians, dentists, nurses, and medical and dental technicians—no single occupational group accounted for as much as one-fifth of the employment. Nearly twothirds of the employment generated outside of VA occurred in the services and manufacturing sectors. The bulk of these jobs were in the transportation, communi cation, public utilities, trade, and construction sectors of the economy. Program description The Veterans Administration was established in 1930 to serve the country’s veterans and their immediate families. By 1972, the VA was spending nearly $11 billion on various programs to aid 98.3 million bene ficiaries—veterans, their families, and the dependents of deceased veterans. This study focuses on the VA health care program, which includes funding for 167 general and psychiatric hospitals, 77 nursing homes, 18 domiciliaries, and 8 restoration centers throughout the Nation. In addition, the VA engages in various types of medical and prosthetic research, postgraduate and in-service training, outpatient care in 200 clinics, and the construc tion of hospitals and other operating facilities. The VA provides services to approximately 950,000 patients through this nationwide network of hospitals, clinics, and other health facilities. These services include mental hygiene, speech pathology, spinal cord injury centers, nuclear medicine, drug dependence treatment centers, open heart surgery, clinics for the blind, and many others. Expenditures From 1962 to 1972, total VA expenditures increased rapidly, at an average annual rate of 7.1 percent. Medical care expenditures, however, advanced at an even faster pace during this period—at an annual rate of 8.6 percent. After attaining the $1 billion mark in the early 1960’s, these expenditures reached more than $1.8 billion in 1972. Nearly 60 percent of this amount was direct compensation for the VA health care program’s 111 ,000 full- and part-time employees. The remaining $73 million was spent in 73 of the 134 industries delineated in the input-output model used in this study. VA health care expenditures were coded to the industries in the BLS interindustry model system, based on the goods and services actually purchased, in order to provide a bill of goods for the health care program.11 The manufacturing industries constituted the largest economic sector for VA health care purchases (table 2). They accounted for more than 46 percent of spending aside from compensation, and close to one-fourth of the total expenditures for the program. Of the 46 manufac turing industries that sold their products to the VA, 7 accounted for about 83 percent of the total expendi tures for manufactured goods. Well over $100 million was spent on food and drugs alone, and another $60 million was used for medical, dental, and scientific instruments. Photographic equipment, electrical machin ery, paper products, and miscellaneous textile products were the other major purchases from this sector. Service industries received less than half as much money as the manufacturing industries. In this sector, medical services was the most important producing industry. The VA buys medical services such as medical and dental examinations, nursing services, contract hospitalization, outpatient treatment, and therapy. Ac counting for one-half of the service expenditures, the medical services industry received more money than any other with the exception of the drug industry. Within the transportation, communication, and pub lic utilities sector, the significant industries for VA purchases were local transit and intercity bus transpor tation; electric utilities; and communications other than 11 In addition, by reviewing the records of the Baltimore and Washington area VA hospitals, a distribution for capital assets was developed for use in estimating the manpower impact of these purchases. All assets purchased were amortized over their estimated service lives on a straight-line depreciation basis. Sector Expenditures (thousands) Percent of total T o ta l............................................................. Compere ***** ‘Veterans Administration employ'd** * * * . * .................................................... Total, excluding compensation1 ................................ Construction .................................................... Manufacturing .................................................. Transportation, communication, and public u tilitie s ............................................. T ra d e ................................................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate................ Services ............................................................. Government enterprises.................................. All other2 ........................................................... $1,822,213 100.0 - 1,091,197 731,016 130,563 340,313 59.9 40.1 7.2 18.7 100.0 17.9 46.6 64,753 734 1,525 186,478 2,680 3,970 3.6 3.1 .1 10.2 .1 .2 8.9 .1 .2 25.5 .4 .5 1 N o V A h e alth care e x p e n d itu re s are in clu d e d fo r the a gric u ltu re o r m in in g sectors. 2 In c lu d e s th re e d u m m y in du stries: b u sin e ss travel, e n te rta in m e n t, an d gifts; o ffic e su pplies; an d scrap, used an d s e c o n d h a n d . F o r e x p la n a tio n , see Percent, excluding compensation — a p p e n d ix A t o th e Structure o f the U.S. Economy in 1980 and 1985, B u lle tin 1831 (B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tistic s, 1 9 7 5 ). SO U RCE: B u re au o f L a b o r S ta tistic s. three-fourths of the generated jobs fell into 25 indus tries. Among the major sectors of the economy, manufac turing and services shared about two-thirds of the indirect employment (table 3). More than one-half of the remaining jobs were generated in transportation, communication, and public utilities, and in wholesale and retail trade. The construction sector accounted for 6.5 percent of the generated indirect employment, while agriculture, finance, insurance, real estate, and govern ment enterprises together accounted for 8 percent. The mining sector was affected only marginally, with less than 1 percent of the indirect employment generated. The manufacturing sector was by far the largest provider of the goods and services purchased for VA health care. Services, however, are more labor intensive Employment requirements than the manufacturing sector; employment per unit of output is higher than in manufacturing. This explains A little more than a half billion dollars of expendi why more jobs were generated in the service industries, tures on goods and services from the private sector despite the fact that VA expenditures for manufactured generated close to 47,500 jobs in addition to those goods were more than one-half of total spending except found directly on VA payrolls in 1972.13 These for payrolls. manpower requirements were distributed over nearly all Most of the manufacturing employment occurred in of the private industry sectors in the BLS interindustry the production of medical and dental instruments, drugs, model. While no single industry accounted for more than scientific and controlling instruments, and processed 12 percent of the total indirect employment, nearly foods. Combined, these industries accounted for about 36 percent of the jobs generated in this sector, and for nearly 12 percent of all the indirect employment. Two 12In the input-output framework, goods are considered to be bought from the producer, that is, drugs are bought from the of these sectors—medical and dental instruments, and drug manufacturer and not from a wholesaler or retailer. scientific and controlling instruments—are characterized However, at the time a purchase is assumed to be made, by high ratios of employment to output. Consequently, transportation costs are assumed to be incurred. 13 The detailed purchases for VA health care and the even though they received considerably less VA money than the drug and food products industries, their share resulting employment by detailed industry are shown in appen dix tables B-l and B-2. of the generated employment was greater. None of the radio and television. Much of the money spent on local transportation was for payment to beneficiaries for travel to and from medical treatment centers. Telephone usage made up the major part of the communications expenditures. Construction expenditures were for new hospital construction (which accounted for the bulk of the money spent in this sector) and for maintenance and repair. Virtually all of the expenditures in the trade sector were for goods handled by wholesalers. Less than $1 million, a very small portion of VA’s health care expenditures12 , was spent in the retail trade sector and in the remaining economic sectors, which include gov ernment enterprises, finance, insurance, and real estate. Percent of indirect employment Sector Number of jobs Percent of total employment T o ta l............................................................. Direct employment (Veterans Administration) . . . Indirect em ploym ent.................................................. A griculture........................................................ Mining ............................................................... Construction .................................................... Manufacturing .................................................. Transportation, communication, and public utilities ........................................................ T ra d e ................................................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate................ Services ............................................................. Government enterprises.................................. 159,151 111,702 47,449 1,475 429 3,081 14,869 100.0 70.2 29.8 .9 .3 1.9 9.3 100.0 3.1 .9 6.5 31.3 4,438 4,551 1,059 16,366 1,181 2.8 2.9 .7 10.3 .7 9.4 9.6 2.2 34.5 2.5 SO U RCE: - Bu re au o f L a b o r S ta tistic s. other manufacturing industries accounted for as much as 2 percent of the total indirect manpower impact. The services sector is not nearly as large as manufac turing—it accounted for only 10.6 percent of total final demand and 9.4 percent of total output for the entire U.S. economy in 1970.14 But, while VA’s spending for health care in the services sector was a little more than half of the expenditure total for manufactured goods, about 1,500 more jobs were generated in service industries than in manufacturing (due mainly to the more labor-intensive characteristics of the services sector). Six industries within this sector shared about 30 percent o f the total generated employment and more than 86 percent of the service-related jobs. Due to the large expenditures for nursing services, medical and dental examinations, hospital services, outpatient care, and research, the greatest employment effects in the services sector were for doctors, dentists, and other medical services and for nonprofit organiza tions. The professional services accounted for over three-fifths of the service employment. Contractual services, equipment rental, maintenance and repair, as well as various other services including laundry and cleaning, janitorial, and burial services, were largely responsible for the remaining service-generated jobs. In FY 1972, the trade sector received $734 million in VA health care expenditures, with the vast bulk of these funds going to the wholesale sector. Even though the employment/output ratio in the retail trade industry was nearly three times as high as in the wholesale sector, it could not offset the huge difference in the amounts spent in each industry. Only 1,234 jobs were generated in retail trade, which was little more than a third of the employment that occurred in wholesale trade. Slightly more than 4,400 jobs were generated in the industries making up the transportation, communica tion, and public utilities sector. A relatively small sector of the economy, this group of industries gained only about 30 percent as much employment as the manufac turing sector as a result of VA spending. Most of the expenditures in this sector were concentrated in local transportation, communications (largely telephone usage), and electric utilities. Local transportation, truck transportation, and communications as a group ac counted for two-thirds of the employment generated in this sector, but for only 6.5 percent of the total indirect employment. The remaining jobs in this area were distributed mainly among railroad and air transportation and gas and electric utilities. Of the remaining sectors of the economy, construc tion was the most important in terms of manpower impact. In this sector, expenditures of $130.6 million generated 3,081 jobs—two-thirds in maintenance and repair construction and the remainder in new hospital construction. Agricultural employment was generated by the large amount of VA expenditures for processed food products, which in turn generated jobs in basic agricul tural production. The small amount of indirect employ ment in the mining sector hinged on the demand for crude petroleum, gasoline, and other fuels. Employment was equally distributed among the finance, insurance, and real estate sectors. 14 In this context, finance, insurance, and real estate; Occupational patterns transportation, communication, and public utilities; and whole sale and retail trade are classified outside the services sector. In 1972, the manpower requirements of the VA Services include medical, legal, educational, business, and other professional services. health care program totaled slightly more than 159,000 jobs. Of this number, well over 111,000 represented employees directly on VA payrolls. Reflecting the purpose of the VA health care program, the occupa tional pattern was oriented heavily toward medical occupations (table 4). Approximately one-half of those employed by the VA in its health care program were registered nurses, physicians and surgeons, or other medical and dental workers. Practical nurses accounted for more than another quarter of VA employment. Clerical workers were the only nonmedical or nonscientific occupational group with significant represen tation. The indirect employment generated by VA health care spending was distributed among 421 detailed occupations in the BLS industry-occupational matrix.15 These jobs were fairly evenly dispersed among the nine major occupational categories, with no single category containing less than 1,000 or more than 9,000 jobs. The largest group, operatives, accounted for about 19 per cent of the occupational employment while the smallest, farmers and farm workers, made up about 3 percent of the total. The “other operatives” subgroup (excluding transportation operators) contained close to one-half of all the operatives required. Most of these workers were machine operators, assemblers, sewers, or stitchers. Truck and bus drivers represented the next largest group, accounting for more than one-fourth of the total number of operatives. Their employment was generated by the transportation expenditures for which re Ipients of VA medical care are reimbursed. Professional and technical workers made up 18 percent of the total indirect employment. The largest subgroup within this category were the medical workers, reflecting the relatively heavy purchases of medical services. Dentists constituted about one-half of this group, while most of the remainder consisted of physi cians, osteopaths, and registered nurses. The “ other professional and technical workers” were primarily accountants, research workers, personnel and labor relations workers, and psychologists, while “health technologists and technicians” were largely prosthetic 15 Detailed occupational data for the VA employmentdevice repairers, clinical lab technicians, and dental requirements are shown in appendix table B-3. hygienists. Table 4. Employment requirements of V A health care by occupation, fiscal year 1972 Occupation Total ................................................................. 159,150 Professional, technical, and kindred workers ........................................................................ 66,050 Medical workers, except technicians.................. 51,361 2,110 Dentists........................................................ Physicians.................................................... 14,650 Registered nurses......................................... 20,530 8,590 Health technologists and technicians.................. Other professional and technical 7,000 workers ............................................................. 1,800 Psychologists............................................... 4,720 Managers, officials, and proprietors................................ 1,530 Sales workers...................................................................... Clerical workers................................................................. 14,810 Stenographers, typists, and 7,100 secretaries........................................................... 7,520 Craft and kindred w orkers............................................... 9,210 Operatives.......................................................................... Service w orke rs................................................................. 51,630 Practical nurses...................................................... 31,100 2,430 Laborers, except fa rm ...................................................... 1,310 Farmers and farm workers............................................... NOTE: Ite m s m a y n o t ad d to t o ta ls b e cau se o f ro u n d in g . Direct employment Number Percent of jobs Indirect employment Number of Percent jobs 100.0 111,700 100.0 47,450 100.0 41.5 32.3 1.3 9.2 12.9 5.4 57,440 49,361 1,100 14,200 20,150 7,490 51.4 44.2 1.0 12.7 18.0 6.7 8,610 2,000 1,010 450 380 1,100 18.1 4.2 2.1 1.0 .8 2.3 4.4 1.1 3.0 1.0 9.3 5,390 1,800 830 4.8 1.6 .7 6,360 5.7 1,610 3,890 1,530 8,450 3.4 8.2 3.2 17.8 4.5 4.7 5.8 32.4 19.5 1.5 .8 4,190 450 220 46,000 30,840 450 — 3.8 .4 .2 41.7 27.6 .4 — 2,910 7,070 8,990 5,630 260 1,980 1,310 6.1 14.9 18.9 11.9 .5 4.2 2.8 Total employment Number Percent of jobs SO U RCE: — — B u re au o f L a b o r S ta tistic s. Chapter 2. National Institutes of Health Summary The National Institutes of Health (NIH), the Federal Government’s chief biomedical research agency, funds an extensive program of health research, training, con struction, and dissemination of medical information. This is accomplished primarily through grant and con tract awards to individuals for medical and related projects, but also through the operation of its own laboratories and clinical center. Since 1960, grants and other awards have typically represented over 85 percent of the total NIH budget. In fiscal year 1969, the year selected for the manpower impact study, grants and awards, or the extramural program, accounted for almost $1.3 billion of total NIH expenditures of $1.5 billion. The extramural program supported slightly over 112,000 jobs throughout the economy that year, nearly 57,000 full-time equivalent jobs directly supported by the award funds and over 55,000 full- and part-time jobs generated indirectly by Table 5. the purchases made by the grantees and contractors.16 Fiscal year 1969 was selected for study on the basis of data availability. Since that time the budget of the National Institutes of Health has topped the $2 billion mark, with the extramural program rising to $1.8 billion in 1972. By using the data developed in the 1969 study, it was estimated that the 1972 awards program sup ported over 77,000 direct full-time equivalent jobs and generated an additional 61,000 jobs through purchases, for a total of about 138,00c).17 The direct operations of NIH resulted in 12,300 jobs on its own payroll in FY 1972 and an estimated 6,000 jobs in indirect employ ment. As summarized in table 5, NIH expenditures for all 1 6These manpower requirements for NIH extramural opera tions exclude the manpower requirements for overhead costs of institutions performing the grants or contracts. 1 7To estimate the 1972 employment figures, expenditures on grants and other awards in 1972 were scaled to the totals for 1969, with adjustments made for productivity and price changes. NIH expenditures and employment requirements by program, fiscal years 1969 and 1972 1972 1969 Program Expenditures (thousands) Total ............................................................... Total less grant overhead............................................... Awards (extramural program )...................................... Awards less grant overhead............................... Fellowships and lo a n s............................. Construction grants.................................. Other grants and contracts .................... Personnel ...................................... Purchases ...................................... Overhead......................................... Direct operations .......................................................... Personnel (NIH staff) ........................................ Purchases ............................................................. $1,479,695 1,333,054 1,291,075 1,144,435 132,071 172,955 986,049 2471,099 2331,190 2 146,640 188,620 123,484 65,136 1 D ata o n e m p lo y m e n t re su ltin g fr o m o verh ead e x p e n d itu re s n o t available. 2 R e p re se n ts sam ple resu lts and th erefo re d o e s n o t add p re cise ly t o to ta l. 3 F u ll-tim e e q u ivale n t jo b s; all o th e r e m p lo y m e n t fig u re s are a c o u n t o f b o th fu ll- an d p a rt-tim e jo b s. F u ll-tim e e q u iva le n t Employment C1) 128,984 C1) 112,027 13,239 10,773 C) 356,914 31,101 C) 16,957 511,605 5,352 Expenditures (thousands) $2,077,908 1,841,572 1,815,098 1,578,762 211,599 73,819 1,529,680 4 759,453 533,892 4236,336 262,810 178,268 84,542 Employment C1) 154,204 C1) 137,983 14,878 4,480 C) 377,390 41,235 C1) 16,221 510,270 5,951 e q u a ls the to ta l n u m b e r o f h o u rs w o rk e d o n a jo b in 1 year d iv id e d b y 2 ,0 8 0 , the to ta l n u m b e r o f h o u rs w o rk e d o n a fu ll-t im e jo b in a regular w o r k year. 4 E s t im a t e d . 5 F u ll-tim e o n ly . SO U RCE: Bu re au o f L a b o r S ta tistic s. programs generated total employment requirements of over 154,000 jobs in 1972. Table 6 summarizes the occupational composition of this employment. Although these data are for FY 1969, the proportions in the occupational groups would not be significantly different for 1972. Extramural program Under the BLS system of determining manpower impact, the expenditures for grants and awards might be considered purchases of services and be applied to the appropriate industry sector in the bill of goods to determine the employment indirectly supported in the educational services and other industry sectors receiving these funds. However, this technique would not give very enlightening results because of the specialized nature of the employment requirements and the magni tude of the extramural awards program. Instead, the extramural awards program was examined separately, in much the same manner as if it were a separate Federal Table 6. program. Thus, there are direct and indirect employment requirements for the awards program as well as for the direct NIH operations. The direct awards program employment consists of those who work directly on the grants and contracts. They are not Federal employees, as would be the case with the direct employment in other programs. The indirect employment is the employment supported throughout the economy by the contractors’ and grant ees’ expenditures for goods and services used in fulfilling the grants and contracts. There were two parts of the extramural awards program which had no direct employment; these were examined separately. The fellowships, scholarships, and loans program, which involves direct payments to students, generated indirect employment when the students spent these funds for goods and services. Funds for construction generated indirect employment in the construction and other industries. There was also a portion of the contractors’ and grantees’ expenditures for goods and services, the “overhead” portion, for which no employment estimate was available. NIH employment requirements by occupation, fiscal year 1969 Occupation Extramural program Total (except Indirect employment Direct fellowships Generated Generated by and loans) employment construction grants by purchases Direct operations NIH staff Employment generated by purchases T o ta l.................................................... Professional, technical, and kindred workers ........................................... Managers, officials, and proprietors .................................................... Sales w o rke rs...................................................... Clerical w o rke rs.................................................. Craft and kindred w o rke rs................................ Operatives ........................................................... Service workers .................................................. Laborers, except farm ...................................... Farmers and farm w o rke rs................................ 115,745 56,914 10,773 31,101 11,605 5,352 56,646 44,736 858 5,119 5,213 720 5,691 2,554 18,746 8,357 8,724 6,583 7,604 840 179 7,229 323 9 896 3,542 - 2,845 1,916 6,002 3,558 5,309 4,075 1,750 527 1,149 — 3,039 371 330 706 797 - 458 224 1,038 735 1,006 526 397 248 T o ta l.................................................... Professional, technical, and kindred workers ........................................... Managers, officials, and proprietors .................................................... Sales w o rke rs...................................................... Clerical w o rke rs.................................................. Craft and kindred w o rke rs................................ Operatives ........................................................... Service workers .................................................. Laborers, except farm ...................................... Farmers and farm w o rke rs................................ 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 48.9 78.6 8.0 16.5 44.9 13.5 4.9 2.2 16.2 7.2 7.5 5.7 6.6 .7 — 12.7 .6 1.6 6.2 — 9.8 3.8 13.4 31.3 19.2 3.5 10.4 .6 9.2 6.2 19.3 11.4 17.1 13.1 5.6 1.7 9.9 — 26.2 3.2 2.8 6.1 6.9 — 8.6 4.2 19.4 13.7 18.8 9.8 7.4 4.6 N O T E : D ire c t jo b s o f th e e x tra m u ra l p ro gra m ar« fu ll-tim e e q u iv a le n t jo b s (see fo o t n o te 3, tab le 5). N I H staff jo b s are fu ll-tim e jo b s o n ly . A ll o th e r job m easures are a c o u n t o f b o th f u ll- a n d p a rt-tim e jo b s. — 1,060 414 1,438 3,370 2,070 380 1,118 65 Percent distribution 100.0 SO U RCE: B u re au o f L a b o r S ta tistic s, Program description. Research grants, the largest grant category in terms of both number and dollar amount, support a wide variety of projects. These range from the funding of discrete, specified research projects requiring less than $5,000 to the support of entire centers engaged in health research, amounting in some cases to more than $1 million. While research grants are geared primarily toward the support of basic research, research contracts are used mainly to test or develop new products or procedures for use by the scientific community. This form of award for research has grown more rapidly than grants in the last few years: in 1963 contracts accounted for about 9 percent of total research award funds; by 1969 they were 14 percent; and in 1972 about 21 percent. Medical training grants are awarded by the Bureau of Health Manpower Education, a division which has since been transferred out of NIH to another part of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare. These grants support programs training a wide variety of health professions personnel. Loans, fellowships, and related awards make up a relatively small share of the extramural program com pared to grants and contracts. In 1969, $132 million was awarded for loans and fellowships, about 10 percent of total awards. To derive the employment impact of loans and fellowships, a standard expenditure pattern for personal consumption expenditures was applied to the total sum of loans and fellowships in lieu of any actual expenditure data.18 These expenditures generated em ployment requirements equaling slightly more than 13,000 jobs. Construction grants support the building of research facilities, medical and nursing schools, hospitals, and related health facilities. These grants were not included in the sample studied because of the lack of data on actual construction materials purchased and labor em ployed. Rather, the employment impact of these con struction grants was estimated using existing BLS studies on the employment generated by hospital construc tion.19 Although the grants were not specifically for hospitals, it was felt that the hospital data more closely approximated the actual manpower requirements of the construction grants than any other data available. It should be noted in connection with the construc tion grants that although the study is based on funds awarded in 1969, the actual expenses for construction occurred over a period of a few years, beginning with 18 The use of a standard personal consumption expenditure pattern is not accurate to the extent that the consumption pattern of recipients of these loans or fellowships differs from that of the average consumer. 1 9 See Factbook. 1970. However, the figure of almost 10,800 jobs associated with 1969 construction funds is an estimate assuming that the funds had been spent in one year; in reality these 10,800 jobs would result over several years. Data and sample. Over 25,000 individual awards were made in 1969. Each award recipient submitted a record of expenditures to NIH, and these records served as the data base for the manpower impact study. It was found, in a pretest of several records, that detailed reporting of expenditures, itemizing personnel and purchases, was discontinued in 1970. Hence 1969 was selected as the fiscal year for this study. A sample was drawn to collect expenditures and employment data, stratified by type and dollar amount, since the spending and employment patterns of the awards were expected to vary depending upon these characteristics. Table 7 shows the number of each type of award included in the sample and the total amount of funds awarded for each of the various types in 1969. The proportion of grants selected for the sample increased as the dollar size of the grants increased—all awards of $1 million or more were included in the sample, while for grants of less than $10,000 only one out of every 254 was chosen. Research grants consti tuted the largest proportion of grants sampled—226 out of the total of 368 in the sample—since they accounted for the largest share of total award money (about half). Research and medical training grants and research contracts each had about the same number of grants in the sample (43 to 49) since they all represented roughly the same proportion of total award funds (8 to 11 percent). Construction grants and fellowships, scholar ships, and loans were not included in the sample. Almost 80 percent of all grants and contract awards were received by persons affiliated with institutions of higher education, which implies that most of the direct Table 7. Domestic awards made by NIH (extramural program) by type, fiscal year 1969 Type of av ard Number Amount Sample (thousands) of awards Total . . .................... 25,124 Research gra n ts......................... 12,088 Research trainin g....................... 2,382 Medical trainin g......................... 1,848 948 Research contracts.................... 395 Medical libraries......................... 75 Construction grants.................. Loans, fellowships, and scholarships.................. 7,388 368 226 48 49 43 2 - $1,291,075 622,111 140,121 117,881 101,776 4,160 172,955 132,071 S O U R C E : N a tio n a l In stitu te s o f H e a lth , U .S . D e p a rtm e n t o f H e a lth , E d u c a tio n an d W e lfare . manpower requirements of the NIH award program were met by universities and medical schools. Other types of institutions receiving support were hospitals not affili ated with medical schools, about 8 percent of total NIH awards, and research institutes, about 7 percent. About half of all nonconstruction grant and contract money awarded in 1969—$471 million out of $986 million—was for compensation and benefit payments to personnel directly employed on the grants (table 8). An additional 35 percent was spent on the purchases of goods and services such as equipment, supplies, travel, hospitalization, and related items. The remaining 15 percent represented payments to the institutions receiving grants to cover indirect costs such as administration, utilities, use of facilities and, in the case of profit firms, a fee. Indirect costs are based upon a fixed rate for each recipient institution, which is set through negotiation between the institution and the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW). This rate applies to all grants awarded to that institution by any of the agencies of HEW. The specific indirect (or overhead) costs associated with each grant are usually not itemized, so developing a distribution for these costs by type for each grant was not possible. In light of this difficulty, and also because the costs were rather general and were not unique to health research and training, a thorough analysis of the manpower effects of these costs was not undertaken. Direct employment requirements. The largest share of the 1969 extramural funds—that allocated to employee Table 8. Expenditures and employment requirements of NIH extramural program, fiscal year 1969 Expenditures Total (thousands) Percent Program Total . . . $1,291,075 Fellowships and 132,071 loans .................. Construction 172,955 grants ................ Other grants and contracts........... 1948,929 Personnel .. . 471,099 Purchases . . . 331,190 Overhead . . . 146,640 Employment Total Percent - 112,027 - — 13,239 - - 10,773 - 88,015 256,914 31,101 (3) 100.0 64.7 35.3 — 100.0 49.6 34.9 15.5 S a m p l e resu lt an d d o e s n o t ad d t o to ta l. U n ive rse to ta l fo r o th er g ran ts an d c o n tra c ts e q u als $ 9 8 6 ,0 4 9 ,0 0 0 . 2 F u ll-tim e e q u ivale n t jobs; all o th e r e m p lo y m e n t figu re s are a co u n t o f b o th fu ll- an d p a rt-tim e jo b s. F u ll-tim e equ ivale n t is the to ta l n u m b e r o f h o u rs w o rk e d in 1 year d iv id e d b y 2 ,0 8 0 hours, the to ta l n u m b e r o f m a n -h o u rs in a fu ll w o r k year. 3 N o t availab le. SO U RCE: B u reau o f L a b o r Sta tistic s. Table 9. Direct employment requirements of NIH extramural program,1 by occupation, fiscal year 1969 Occupation T o ta l.................................................. Professional, technical, and kindred workers........................................................ Life and physical scientists........................................... Other health w orkers........................... Technicians (except m edical).............. Other professional or technical w o rke rs........................... Clerical w orkers............................................... Laborers, except fa r m .................................... A ll other ........................................................... Full-time equivalent jobs2 Number Percent 56,914 100.0 44,736 78.6 22,741 4,179 14,306 40.0 7.3 25.1 3,510 7,229 3,542 1,407 6.2 12.7 6.2 2.5 1 E x c lu d e s c o n s tr u c tio n gran ts, fe llo w s h ip s, an d loan p ro gram s. 2 F u ll-tim e e q u iva le n t is the to ta l n u m b e r o f h o u rs w o rk e d in a year d iv id e d b y 2 ,0 8 0 hou rs, the to ta l n u m b e r o f m a n -h o u rs in a fu ll w o rk year. T h is m easu re d iffe rs fr o m a to ta l job co u n t m easu re used elsew here in the re p ort, w h ic h c o u n ts th e n u m b e r o f b o th fu ll and p a rt-tim e jo b s. SO U RCE: B u re au o f L a b o r S ta tistic s. compensation—supported a total of 56,914 full-time equivalent jobs.20 These jobs encompassed a wide variety of occupations ranging from professional re search workers to technical and clerical personnel. As noted earlier, approximately 80 percent of the grants were directed to universities and medical schools; hence most of the employment occurred at these institutions. It should be noted that the full-time equivalent jobs total of 56,914 actually represents substantially more individuals, because of the large number of graduate students and others who usually work only part time on a grant. Also, the job count includes only workers who received compensation from the grant funds and ex cludes those who were paid entirely from other sources but who nevertheless may have participated in the research. Over three-fourths of the jobs related directly to the extramural program were in the professional or technical field. About half of these jobs, 22,741 full-time equiva lents, were held by life and physical scientists (table 9). Among the scientists, those in the area of clinical medicine were the largest group (7,413 full-time equiva lent jobs), followed by biological sciences (7,219 jobs) and basic medicine (5,016 jobs).21 The individual specialties in the medical science field with the greatest representation were biochemistry, pathology, pediatrics, 20For definition of a full-time equivalent job, see table 8, footnote 2. 2 d eta iled occupational data for the NIH employment requirements are shown in appendix table B-3. physiology, and biophysics. According to the study, at least 65 percent of all the medical scientists supported by NIH grants and contracts held M.D.s (35 percent) or Ph.Ds (29 percent) or both (1.4 percent). Second to medical scientists in numbers were non medical technicians, 14,306 full-time equivalents or about one-quarter of the total number of jobs. Most of these technicians were classified as laboratory tech nicians, with a small number of research assistants and animal technicians making up the balance. Purchases. In addition to the $471 million for employee compensation, NIH grantees and contractors purchased $331 million of goods and services from FY 1969 award funds—about 35 percent of the total money awarded. The manufacturing sector was the largest source of these purchases, representing more than half of all expenditures (table 10). Two industries in particular accounted for over 16 percent of total expenditures— chemicals, and scientific and controlling instruments (laboratory equipment). Over $25 million was spent in each of these two sectors. The food industry also ranked high as a percent of the total, reflecting the payments of living expenses to students under training grants to which a personal consumption expenditure distribution was applied. Other manufactured goods purchased in large quantities directly by grantees and contractors Table 10. Purchases resulting from NIH extramural program1 by industry sector, fiscal year 1969 Amount (thousands) Percent Sector T o ta l........................................... $331,190 10,657 A griculture................................................. 12 Mining ........................................................ 8,930 Construction ............................................. Manufacturing ........................................... 186,577 28,475 Chemicals......................................... Scientific and controlling 26,426 instrum ents................................ Transportation, communication, and 15,274 public u tilitie s ...................................... 17,119 Trade ........................................................... 4,095 Wholesale......................................... 13,024 R e ta il............................................... Finance, insurance, and real 13,964 estate...................................................... 78,657 Services ...................................................... 23,594 Hospitals ......................................... Miscellaneous business 23,152 services ...................................... 18,579 Educational services...................... 982 Government enterprises........................... 1 E x c lu d e s gram s. SO U RCE: c o n s tr u c tio n gran ts, fe llo w s h ip s, an d Bu re au o f L a b o r S ta tistic s. 100.0 3.2 — 2.7 56.3 8.6 8.0 4.6 5.2 1.2 3.9 4.2 23.8 7.1 7.0 5.6 .3 loan p r o included drugs, computer equipment, glassware, optical equipment, photographic equipment, and medical and surgical instruments. Service industries received slightly less than onequarter of grantee expenditures, about $79 million. Within the services sector, the largest sum went for hospital costs, followed closely by the purchase of miscellaneous business services such as building services (janitorial, for example), equipment maintenance and repair, and computer time. Educational services, reflect ing training grant tuition payments, and medical services were the two other major service industries receiving NIH funds. The other major industrial sectors had much smaller shares of total purchases. Retail trade accounted for only about 4 percent of all expenditures, again mostly attributable to trainee stipends. The wholesale trade margin on goods which were purchased by NIH grantees or contractors represented only about 1 percent of total purchases. Construction accounted for almost 3 percent of all expenditures, chiefly maintenance and repair construc tion. The agriculture and livestock component received $11 billion, or about 3 percent of the total, primarily reflecting the purchase of laboratory animals by re searchers. Transportation, in particular air transport, made up about 3 percent of all grant and contract expenses as well, representing travel by scientific investi gators supported by NIH funds. Indirect employment requirements. The purchases by NIH grantees or contractors, totaling $331 million in 1969, supported 31,100 full- and part-time jobs through out the economy that year (table 11). About 30 percent of these jobs were in the services sector, particularly in hospitals, educational services, and business services. These three industries accounted for almost one-fourth of all generated jobs, reflecting the large outlays for hospitalization, computer time, equipment maintenance, and tuition payments. The manufacturing sector also had about 30 percent of the generated employment. About half of the 9,300 jobs in manufacturing were generated by the program purchases described earlier and about half were gener ated indirectly through other industries’ requirements for manufactured products. Within the manufacturing sector, industries affected by the NIH extramural program included scientific and controlling instruments (4 percent of total generated employment), chemicals (2.3 percent), and printing, glass, computer equipment, publishing, optical equip ment, electronic components, food products, and medi cal instruments (each 1.7 to 1.0 percent of total Table 11. Indirect employment requirements of NIH Direct operations extramural program1 by industry sector, fiscal year 1969 Full-and part-time jobs Number Percent Sector T o ta l......................................... 31,101 1,917 Agriculture ............................................. M in in g ...................................................... 226 C onstruction........................................... 675 M anufacturing......................................... 9,300 Scientific and controlling 1,245 instruments............................. Chemical products....................... 715 P rin tin g ......................................... 519 G lass............................................. 516 Transportation, communication, and public u tilitie s.................................... 1,889 T rade........................................................ 5,989 Wholesale...................................... 1,887 R etail............................................. 4,102 Finance, insurance, and real estate .................................................. 943 Services.................................................... 9,532 H ospitals...................................... 2,651 2,477 Educational services.................... Miscellaneous business services.................................... 2,248 Government enterprises......................... 630 1 E x c lu d e s c o n s tr u c tio n gram s. NOTE: gran ts, fe llo w s h ip s, an d 100.0 6.2 .7 2.2 29.9 4.0 2.3 1.7 1.7 6.1 19.3 6.1 13.2 3.0 30.7 8.5 8.0 7.2 2.0 lo an s p ro Ite m s m a y n o t ad d to to ta ls d u e to ro u n d in g . SO U RCE: Bu re au o f L a b o r S ta tistic s. generated jobs).22 The trade sector accounted for nearly 6,000 jobs or 19 percent of the total, while 6.2 percent were in agriculture. More than half of the jobs in agriculture, which also includes the livestock industry, reflected the large demand for laboratory animals on the part of NIH researchers. The largest occupational group affected by NIH grantee and contractor purchases was clerical workers, 6,000 out of the total of 31,100 generated jobs (table 6). Operatives constituted the second largest category, with 5,300 jobs or 17.1 percent of the total, while the professional and technical component accounted for 5,100 jobs or 16.5 percent. Within the professional and technical category, medical workers such as nurses and teachers were the largest occupations. Service workers, in services including food, cleaning, and health services, also constituted a sizable share of total jobs, 13.1 percent.2 3 2 2 The purchases and resulting requirements by detailed industry for all of NIH are shown in appendix tables B-l and B-2. 2 3 The occupational requirements for NIH by detailed occu pation are shown in appendix table B-3. The expenditures of NIH for its direct operations were tabulated directly from data covering all NIH operations and thus did not involve the use of a sample. For the direct employment of NIH, totaling 11,605 full-time employees in 1969, a listing of all jobs by occupation was obtained and summarized by major occupational group. Since NIH directly operates research laboratories and a clinical center, a large number of NIH employees were life and physical scientists, about 19 percent of the total; science technicians, 8.8 percent; and medical workers, 6.1 percent. Together with other related occupations, the professional and technical group accounted for almost half of all the jobs at NIH in 1969 (table 12). Clerical personnel were the second largest category, about one-fourth of the total. In addition to secretaries, typists, and stenographers, this group also included a large number of grants-processing personnel, reflecting the magnitude of the NIH award program. Information on purchases of supplies, equipment, services, and all other items was obtained from NIH’s accounting and procurement offices. It was found that expenditures for NIH direct operations and resulting employment closely resembled the pattern of expendi tures of grantees and contractors, since both programs are involved in medical research. Table 12. Employment by occupation, NIH direct operations, fiscal year 1969 Occupation T o ta l.................................................. Professional, technical, and kindred workers......................................................... Life and physical scientists ................ Biologists.................................... C hem ists.................................... O th e r........................................... Science technicians ............................. Biological technicians........................... Other . . . ..................................... Medical workers.................................... N urses......................................... Other ........................................... O th e r...................................................... Managers, officials, and proprietors.............. Clerical w orkers............................................... Craft and kindred w orkers............................. Operatives......................................................... Service w o rke rs............................................... Laborers, except fa r m .................................... Full-time jobs Number Percent 11,605 100.0 5,213 2,203 613 581 1,009 1,017 44.9 19.0 5.3 5.0 8.7 8.8 697 320 712 381 331 1,281 1,149 3,039 371 330 706 797 6.0 2.8 6.1 3.3 2.9 11.0 9.9 26.2 3.2 2.8 6.1 6.9 S O U R C E : N a tio n a l In stitu te s o f H e a lth , U .S . D e p a rtm e n t o f H e a lth , E d u c a t io n , an d W elfare . C o m p ile d b y B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tistic s. Principal expenditures of NIH in 1969 were for the direct purchase of doctors’, dentists’, and medical workers’ services on a contract basis to supplement NIH’s own staff. This industry received $7.6 million of the $65 million total, or 11.6 percent. Almost $4.5 million was spent for scientific and controlling instru ments, while miscellaneous business services received $3.8 million and chemicals received $3.6 million. Other industries with purchases of over $2 million were maintenance construction, drugs, air transportation, optical equipment, printing, communications, and food products. The employment generated by these purchases oc curred primarily in manufacturing and service industries, mirroring the employment generated by the extramural program expenditures. Within the manufacturing sector, however, employment resulting from NIH purchases was more evenly distributed than that resulting from the extramural purchases, with no single industry accounting for more than 5 percent of total jobs. In the services sector, medical services represented 10.3 percent of all jobs and business services 6.5 percent. The trade category constituted another 10.1 percent of all jobs, agriculture 8.8 percent, and transportation 6.6 percent. (See table 13.) Major occupations affected by NIH purchases in cluded clerical workers and operatives, as was true in the extramural program. The third largest occupational group was craft workers, including skilled construction workers, mechanics, and repairers. Table 13. Employment generated by purchases of NIH direct operations, by industry sector, fiscal year 1969 Sector Full- and part-time jobs Number Percent T o ta l......................................... Agriculture ............................................. M in in g ...................................................... C onstruction........................................... M anufacturing......................................... Scientif ic and controll ing instruments............................. P rin tin g ......................................... Transportation, communication, and public u tilitie s.................................... Trade ........................................................ Wholesale...................................... R etail............................................. Finance, insurance, and real estate .................................................. Services.................................................... Medical services........................... Miscellaneous business services.................................... Government enterprises......................... SO U RCE: B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tistic s. 5,352 471 62 194 1,877 100.0 8.8 1.1 3.6 35.1 219 175 4.1 3.3 569 538 341 197 10.6 10.1 6.4 3.7 129 1,354 552 2.4 25.3 10.3 349 158 6.5 3.0 Chapter 3. Manpower Institutional Training Program Summary The program of institutional manpower training authorized by the Manpower Development and Training Act of 1962 (MDTA) required 26,160 direct and indirect jobs to supply program needs (including training allowances) in 1972. The direct employment, which is the total number of jobs located at the training sites, was estimated to be 12,300 or 47 percent of total program requirements. Over half of these jobs at the training sites were in the professional and technical category, includ ing teachers and counselors. The indirect employment, which was the employment generated in the private sector by all program expenditures except compensa tion, was concentrated in the trade, service, and manu facturing industries, chiefly retail trade, personal ser vices, food, and apparel. Forty percent of the total indirect employment was concentrated in the operative and clerical occupations, specifically bus and truck drivers, machine operators, secretaries, and cashiers. Craft and kindred workers constituted 12 percent of the generated employment; these workers were in a wide range of occupations, but a large proportion were mechanics. No other major occupational group made up as much as 10 percent of the indirect employment. Program description Since the early 1960’s the Federal Government has been strongly committed to the development of the Nation’s manpower resources. In the past decade, nearly a dozen manpower training programs have been created to upgrade the skills of the labor force. The national program of institutional manpower training, the oldest Federal manpower program, was created under the authority of the Manpower Development and Training Act of 1962 2 4 In its first decade, more than 1.2 million 2 4The Comprehensive Employment and Training Act of 1973 incorporated into one piece of legislation the Federal manpower training and support services which had been pro vided under the Manpower Development and Training Act, the Economic Opportunity Act, and the Emergency Employment Act. In the future, State and local governments will receive annually one Federal appropriation for all job training activities and will determine the mix o f programs to best meet local needs. trainees had enrolled in the institutional program and over $2 billion in Federal funds were required to support program activities. The program provided grants to States and territories for classroom occupational training. Its purpose was to equip the disadvantaged, unemployed, and under employed 16 years of age and older with marketable occupational skills and to reduce labor shortages in local areas. Training was provided through State and local education agencies and was restricted to occupational skills in short supply. A living allowance equivalent to the State’s average unemployment compensation benefit and a transportation allowance were provided to train ees. Although the length of training varied with the individual trainee’s needs, the maximum period of time for providing trainee allowances was 104 weeks. The average length of training projects was from 6 to 9 months, although most projects were continuously funded and repeated each year. The program, introduced in a time of high unemploy ment, initially emphasized short training periods and rapid job placement. At first most trainees were heads of households, with 3 years’ work experience, whose jobs had been eliminated by automation, foreign competi tion, or other economic dislocations. In the late 1960’s the program’s orientation shifted to disadvantaged job less youth. As a result of this shift, the training curriculum was expanded to include remedial education, communication skills, and supportive services such as job counseling and placement. Originally, training took place only in groups organ ized for training in a single occupation. Later, skill centers were introduced which offered multioccupational training and supportive services. Training could also be carried out by individual referral whereby a student was enrolled in an ongoing vocational program operated by a public or private institution. In this situation, tuition was paid out of manpower training funds. A wide variety of occupational training was offered under the program, ranging from technical training in drafting and practical nursing to bench and structural work in machine operation and welding. The training courses with the largest enrollments were for the secretarial, auto mechanic, welding, and practical nursing occupations. The program was administered jointly at the Federal level by the Department of Labor (DOL)—responsible for determining the Nation’s manpower and training needs, trainee selection, and allowances—and the Depart ment of Health, Education, and Welfare (HEW)—charged with establishing and funding individual training proj ects. Federal funds were apportioned among the States and territories according to an allocation formula estab lished in the 1962 legislation, and they reached the local training agencies through State employment security offices and State boards of education. The States were required to match up to 10 percent of their total Federal allocation to offset program expenses. Data and sample This study was based on data submitted to HEW in the statement of proposed expenditures required for each training project as part of the application for Federal funding. The following list briefly states the types of data provided: • Facility costs (rents, utilities, remodeling) • Administrative salaries (administrator, clerical, cus todian, employee fringe and travel expenses) • Instructional salaries (instructors, guidance coun selors) • Equipment (major, minor, repair and servicing, rental) • Instruction materials (audiovisual, textbooks, workbooks) Although the data supplied are for proposed rather than actual expenditures, they constitute the most complete and detailed source of information currently available. In 1972, over 1,500 institutional training projects were funded under MDTA. The BLS Office of Survey Design constructed a weighted sample of 259 grants from this total.25 Data on the sample members were gathered and coded according to the appropriate produc ing industry in the input-output system and the occupa tional definitions used in the industry occupational matrix. Program totals developed from the sample will vary from other published figures for the MDTA program. This may be due to changes in planned expenditures, to the lack of complete data on a project which may have been renewed during the fiscal year, or to the difference between obligated funds and outlays. Nevertheless, the results of the study are not weakened since the interpretation of the results depends primarily on the2 percent distributions of the bill of goods, employment, and occupational requirements. Expenditures The results of the study sample for the MDTA institutional training program, broken down into the major categories of expenditure and their proportion of the program total, are shown below for fiscal year 1972: Amount (millions) Percent Total ............................................. $253.5 Cost of training (H E W )................................ 125.3 Compensation of employees at training sites................................. 74.6 Purchases of goods and services . . . . 50.7 Allowances (DOL) ...................................... 128.2 Training ............................................. 119.8 Transportation .................................. 8.4 100.0 49.4 29.4 20.0 50.6 47.3 3.3 The cost of training, including compensation and purchases of goods and services in the private sector, amounted to slightly less than half of the total program expenditures. Of this amount, 60 percent went directly to compensation of teachers and other employees at the training site. The remaining $50.7 million represented the amount spent on equipment, books, utilities, rentals, and other goods and services. A bill of goods was developed from these expendi tures for further analysis within the input-output frame work. This analysis provides the numbers of jobs in each industry required to produce the goods and services purchased. The allowances, which amounted to $128.2 million, were considered as a transfer payment. Since there was no detail available on how trainees spent these funds, it was assumed that the expenditure pattern for this segment of the program would resemble the personal consumption expenditure (PCE) pattern of a low-income family. Such a PCE pattern was approxi mated and applied to the total for training allowances generated by the sample and in turn was anlayzed within the input-output system. A separate bill of goods based on the PCE pattern was constructed for the $119.8 million in trainee allowances estimated in the sample. The $8.4 million in transportation allowances was added into the railroad and local and intercity bus transporta tion sectors of this bill of goods. The complete bill of goods for the PCE distribution and for program pur chases of goods and services is provided in appendix table B-l. Employment requirements and occupational patterns 2 5Excluded from the sample are projects funded in Hawaii and U.S. territories, and experimental and demonstration grants. It is estimated that a total of 26,160 full- and part-time jobs was generated directly and indirectly from the MDTA institutional program expenditures of $253.5 million in 1972 (table 14).26 Employment directly on the payrolls of the grantees constituted approximately 47 percent of the total jobs generated. Jobs generated directly in the State and local government sector, representing 4.3 percent of the program’s manpower requirements, were not part of the training project staffs, but were generated as a result of the tuition paid under the individual referral type of training. The indirect employment generated in the private sector accounted for 48.5 percent of the program’s employ ment impact. Direct employment at training sites. The direct employ ment data summarized in the first column in table 15 were taken directly from the “Cost of Occupational Training” forms submitted to HEW by each of the sample members. The forms supplied the number of jobs, occupational titles, total number of hours required for each job during the project, and hourly wage for 2 6Detailed occupational data for the MDTA employment requirements are shown in appendix table B-3. Table 14. each position. The number of jobs by occupational group in table 15 is derived from the sample members and weighted to provide an estimate of the program’s total direct employment and full-time equivalents. Due to the extensive part-time nature of the direct employ ment in this program, it is useful to look at some occupations in terms of the number of full-time equiva lent jobs. The full-time equivalent, as noted earlier, is the total number of hours a person worked on a job in 1 year, divided by 2,080 hours, the total number of hours worked on a full-time job in a regular work year. Most of the projects sampled operated for less than a full year, which accounts in part for the large differences between the number of jobs and the full-time equivalents. Professional and technical workers, especially in the teaching and counseling professions, accounted for 51 percent of the approximately 12,350 djfectly generated jobs. The managers, officials, and proprietors group made up 14 percent of the total jobs and comprised those jobs involved in the administration of the projects, which were usually on a part-time basis. Clerical workers made up 24 percent of the total direct employment; almost half of these workers were secretaries. Service Employment requirements of M DTA institutional training program by occupation, fiscal year 1972 Full- and part-time jobs Direct Direct employment employment at generated by training sites tuition costs Occupation Total employment T o ta l............................................................. Professional, technical, and kindred w orke rs.................................................................... Managers, officials, and proprietors ......................... Sales w o rke rs............................................................... Clerical w o rke rs........................................................... Craft and kindred w o rke rs ........................................ Operatives ................................................................... Service workers .......................................................... Laborers, except farm ............................................... Farmers and farm w o rke rs........................................ 26,160 12,347 1,125 12,688 8,220 3,077 1,080 5,313 1,520 2,808 2,823 600 690 6,337 1,736 753 61 1,130 1,280 1,080 2,250 1,520 2,808 1,330 600 690 T o ta l............................................................. Professional, technical, and kindred w orke rs.................................................................... Managers, officials, and proprietors ......................... Sales w o rke rs............................................................... Clerical w o rke rs.......................................................... Craft and kindred w o rke rs........................................ Operatives .................................................................... Service workers ........................................................... Laborers, except farm ............................................... Farmers and farm w o rke rs........................................ 100.0 31.5 11.8 4.1 20.3 5.8 10.7 10.8 2.3 2.6 1 In c lu d e s in d ire ct e m p lo y m e n t generated b y t u itio n costs. 2 Less th a n 50. — 2,954 — - 1,320 — — 109 (2) (2) 173 (2) - Percent distribution 100.0 100.0 51.3 14.1 — 23.9 — 10.7 — — SO U RCE: 67.0 5.4 — 9.7 — 15.4 — — B u re a u o f L a b o r S ta tistic s. I nd irect employment1 100.0 8.9 10.1 8.5 17.8 12.0 22.1 10.5 4.7 5.4 Table 15. Direct employment requirements of M DTA institutional training program by occupation, fiscal year 1972 Occupation Full- and part-time jobs Number Percent Full-time equivalent jobs1 Percent Number i Total ............................................. Professional, technical, and kindred w o rk e rs .................................................... Teachers............................................. Counselors ......................................... O thers.................................................. Managers, officials, and proprietors............................................... Administrators .................................. Clerical workers ........................................... Secretaries........................................... Bookkeepers....................................... C le rks.................................................. Teaching aides.................................... O thers.................................................. Service workers............................................. Janitors............................................... 12,347 100.0 6,179 100.0 6,337 5,117 1,027 193 51.3 41.4 8.3 1.6 3,799 3,250 483 66 61.5 52.6 7.8 1.1 1,736 1,736 2,954 1,307 425 361 585 276 1,320 1,320 14.1 14.1 23.9 10.6 3.4 2.9 4.7 2.2 10.7 10.7 554 554 1,322 606 131 114 282 189 504 504 9.0 9.0 21.4 9.8 2.1 1.8 4.6 3.1 8.2 8.2 1 F u ll-tim e e q u ivale n t is the to t a l n u m b e r o f h o u rs w o rk e d in 1 year d iv id e d b y 2 ,0 8 0 hou rs, the to ta l n u m b e r o f m a n -h o u rs in a fu ll w o rk year. F o r e x a m p le , if a teacher w o r k s 4 0 h o u rs a workers accounted for 11 percent of the jobs directly generated. As seen in table 15, professional and technical workers, particularly teachers, constituted a greater percentage of the total full-time equivalent employment than of the total jobs generated, indicating that teachers were the most likely to be employed full time. For all other groups, their share of full-time equivalent employ ment was smaller than their share of total jobs. Employment generated by tuition costs. As previously stated, occupational skill training under the MDTA institutional program is carried out in manpower training centers, in small groups organized by local school systems and by individual referral. Training by individual referral means that a trainee is placed in an ongoing training program operated by a public or private institution and the tuition costs incurred are paid out of MDTA funds. Detail on how tuition receipts were spent by the institutions was not available; instead, the results of prior research on State and local education expendi tures (less construction) were used to develop the direct and indirect employment impact of these expenditures. The distribution in table 14 includes estimates of the direct employment impact of these expenditures at the State and local level. Purchases of goods and services made with these funds were incorporated into the bill of goods for program purchases and the indirect employ ment effects of the tuition payments were combined with the indirect employment effects discussed in the following section. w eek fo r 2 6 w e e k s, the fu ll-tim e e q u iv a le n t o f th a t jo b is 0.5 (1 ,0 4 0 h o u rs -f 2 ,0 8 0 h o u rs). SO U RCE: Bu re au o f L a b o r Sta tistic s. Indirect employment. The total indirect employment generated under the MDTA institutional training pro gram in 1972 amounted to about 12,700 full- and part-time jobs. More than 10,000 of these resulted from the trainee allowances; the remainder were generated by program purchases of goods and services, including the purchases arising from tuition costs, as discussed in the previous section. Although about 85 percent of the jobs generated by each of the bills of goods were in the manufacturing, transportation, trade, and service indus tries, the distribution of jobs among the industries was very different for the two bills of goods (table 16). Obviously, the impact of the training allowances dominated the program’s indirect employment require ments. The resulting employment fell largely in the trade industries since most consumer purchases are made from the retail trade industry. Manufacturing industries most affected by allowances were food and apparel; employ ment was also high in the service industries, reflecting not only the demand for services but also the laborintensive nature of this sector. The employment requirements generated by program purchase were concentrated in the manufacturing and service industry sectors. Manufacturing jobs made up 38 percent of total employment. Four industries—paper, printing, publishing, and “other” fabricated metal products-had the largest employment requirements, reflect ing this program’s high demand for paper supplies, textbooks, and equipment. Seventy-six percent of the employment in the services group was in educational and Table 16. Indirect employment requirements of M DTA institutional training program by industry sector, fiscal year 1972 Jobs generated by total bills of goods Percent Number Sector Total ............................................................... A g ricu ltu re ...................................................................... M ining............................................................................... C onstruction.................................................................... Manufacturing................................................................. Transportation, communication, and public u tilitie s .................................................... Trade ............................................................................... Finance, insurance,and real estate.................................................................... Services............................................................................. Government enterprises ............................................... SO U RCE: Jobs generated by program purchases Number Percent 12,688 766 108 195 2,970 100.0 6.0 .9 1.5 23.4 10,238 729 77 148 2,036 100.0 7.1 .8 1.4 19.9 2,450 37 31 47 934 100.0 1.5 1.3 1.9 38.1 1,606 3,502 12.7 27.6 1,360 3,239 13.3 31.6 246 263 10.0 10.7 707 2,426 408 5.6 19.1 3.2 579 1,762 308 5.7 17.2 3.0 128 664 100 5.2 27.2 4.1 B u re au o f L a b o r S ta tistic s. miscellaneous business services, due to such program expenses as educational testing and counseling services, equipment rental, repair, and duplicating services. Table 17 provides the program’s indirect employment requirements distributed among major occupational groups. It should be noted that the requirements by Indirect employment requirements of M DTA institutional training by occupation, fiscal year 1972 Occupation Total ................................ Professional, technical, and kindred w o rk e rs ...................................... Engineers ............................. Technical .................. Scientific technicians........... Medical workers .................. All other professional and technical w orkers........... Managers, officials, and proprietors.................................. Sales workers .................................. Clerical workers ............................. Stenographers, typists, and secretaries ....................... Office machine operators . . Other clerical w orkers......... Craft and kindred workers ........... Construction c ra fts .............. Blue-collar worker supervisors....................... Metalworking crafts ........... Mechanics............................. All other craft and kindred workers ........................... Full- and part-time jobs Number Percent 112,680 100.0 1,130 220 120 8.9 1.7 1.0 100 160 .8 1.3 750 5.9 ro 00 o Table 17. Full- and part-time jobs Jobs generated by trainee allowances Percent Number 1,080 2,250 10.1 8.5 17.8 590 100 1,560 1,520 250 4.7 .8 12.3 12.0 2.0 220 120 490 1.7 1.0 3.9 440 3.5 Occupation Operatives...................................................... Semiskilled packing and inspecting....................................... Sewers and stitch e rs......................... Miscellaneous machine operatives...................................... Other operatives, not transport ...................................... Transport equipment operatives...................................... Bus drivers ............................. Taxicab d rive rs....................... Truck drivers........................... Other transport operatives........................... Service w orkers............................................. Cleaning service w o rk e rs ......................................... Food service workers ....................... Health service workers .................... Personal service w o rke rs .................. Protective service w o rk e rs ......................................... Laborers, except fa rm .................................. Farmers and farm workers ......................... Full- and part-time jobs Number Percent 2,800 22.1 260 250 2.1 2.0 220 1.7 1,040 8.2 1,030 310 220 230 8.1 2.4 1.7 1.8 270 1,330 2.1 10.5 310 520 150 280 2.4 4.1 1.2 2.2 70 600 690 .6 4.7 5.4 occupation reflect in large part the spending by trainees of the allowances provided them. The largest share of the jobs generated in the private sector was in the operative occupations, which provided 2,800 jobs or approximately 22 percent of the total indirect employ ment. Within this group, the occupations most greatly affected were bus and truck drivers, semiskilled packers and inspectors, sewers and stitchers, and miscellaneous machine operators. The clerical occupations commanded 18 percent of the generated employment, or 2,250 jobs. This group contains the largest of the detailed occupa tions—stenographers, typists, and secretaries. The third largest occupational group affected by the program was craft and kindred workers, which absorbed over 1,500 jobs. Auto mechanics and heavy equipment mechanics were the occupations most called for in this group. Managers, officials, and proprietors and service workers both held approximately 10 percent of the total jobs. In the service group, cleaning and food service workers accounted for the largest specific occupations. Profes sional and technical workers absorbed 9 percent of the total. This category has a small number of jobs distrib uted over a large number of specific occupations, which in table 17 are combined into “all other professional and technical workers.” Nonfarm laborers and farmers and farm workers constituted 4.7 percent and 5.4 percent of the total indirect employment. (A more detailed occupa tional breakdown of the employment is available in appendix B.) Chapter 4. National Aeronautics and Space Administration and the Space Shuttle Program Summary The total National Aeronautics and Space Admini stration (NASA) program in fiscal year 1973, with outlays of about $3.3 billion, is estimated to have generated over 194,000 jobs in both the public and private sectors, or about 58,600 jobs per billion dollars. Most of these jobs were in the manufacturing and services sectors, and, as might be expected, aerospace and research-oriented industries accounted for most of the employment. Professional and technical employees, including engineers, and equipment operatives were the occupational groups most affected. The Space Shuttle program, NASA’s major new program, spent an estimated $230 million in 1973 and generated a little more than 13,000 jobs, or about 57,000 jobs per billion dollars. While these jobs were also highly concentrated in manufacturing and services, a somewhat higher proportion was in manufacturing than was the case for total NASA. Also, these jobs showed a heavier concentration in the aerospace industries than did NASA jobs as a whole. Professional and technical workers were by far the largest occupational group affected—about 83 percent of the private employment attributable to Space Shuttle was in this category. Program description The NASA study covered 1) employment require ments generated by all NASA functions and 2) require ments of the Space Shuttle program specifically. The total NASA phase of the study covers all outlays made by the agency in fiscal year 1973, the latest year for which complete data were available. NASA activities in this year were marked by the end of the Apollo program, with the last of the manned flights to the moon, and a consequent dip in manned space flight program outlays. This year also saw the first use of the Skylab space station in which man demonstrated a capability to perform various tasks in space for an extended period. NASA’s launch activities in 1973 included two manned missions and 15 unmanned mis sions, including the Pioneer II launch to Jupiter. This year also marked the beginning of more sub stantial outlays on the Space Shuttle program, the largest new program of NASA, which was scheduled to continue over the next few years. In 1973 this program moved out of the definitional phase into more advanced development. The Space Shuttle is a flyable orbit er, to be launched into a low earth orbit by two solid rocket boosters and its own main engines. The solid rocket boosters will detach at an altitude of about 25 miles and will then be recovered and reused. The orbiter, under its own power and using fuel from an expendable drop tank, will perform its tasks in low earth orbit and subsequently be flown back to earth for an unpowered aircraft type of landing. Since many of the components are reusable, the Space Shuttle is expected to provide a cheaper way of launching satellites and servicing and retrieving them, as well as provide a number of other space services not currently feasible. Data and sample For the purpose of this study, it was necessary to identify purchases by specific product or service. Also, purchases were desired in terms of expenditures or costs incurred rather than obligations, which imply varying time lapses before employment actually takes place. Purchases in this form provide the initial input into the model system used to estimate employment require ments. NASA records were first examined to determine the availability of detailed information on purchases. The most useful sources of information were computer tapes provided by NASA containing details of all prime contracts (approximately 9,500) and subcontracts. These records identified contract purchases of $1,000 and greater by product or service bought and by company. They also provided, not only the total amount obligated under the contract, but total expenditures and costs incurred during 1973. In the case of large contracts, the service or product identification was sometimes highly aggregated and could not be coded to a specific producing industry. In these cases, subcon tracts provided useful additional information. NASA obligations by budget object class provided another source of data. For the most part, this informa tion was also too aggregated to be useful, but in some cases products and services were sufficiently detailed for industry identification. This source of data was particu larly helpful in providing good descriptions in a number o f areas not adequately covered by the contract data. On the other hand, use of these data required making assumptions about the time lag between obligations and actual expenditures. Control totals were available for total NASA expendi tures and for three major functional groupings. NASA funds are earmarked by use for eight different functions which conveniently collapse into the three major activi ties of administration, research and development, and construction. These sources of funding were also identi fied in the contract and budget object class data. As a result, both of these data sources could be organized according to type of funding, providing finer control totals and a basis for cross-referencing in coding. Of the 9,500 contracts, a sample of 401 was taken (along with their subcontracts where available). All 301 contracts that totaled $1 million or more were included; approximately 77 percent of total contract value was in this category. The remaining 100 contracts were deter mined by the relative dollar amount of the contracts in the universe. Several contracts selected could not be identified by type of purchase and contracts of like magnitude were substituted. The sample of prime contracts and their subcontracts next was coded by 4-digit Standard Industrial Classifica tion (SIC) codes. The amounts used were costs incurred, which were considered to be most representative of their employment impact. These were then expanded to represent the universe of contract values. Budget object class obligations were also coded to 4-digit SIC codes where possible. These were used as a check on contract results where appropriate, and more importantly, they were used to estimate noncontract outlays. Sampling procedures were not used in estimating Space Shuttle purchases. Instead, all Space Shuttle prime contracts and their subcontracts were coded and used. Some 832 Space Shuttle prime contract actions were considered and all costs incurred on these contracts were coded. Contracts cancelled under the definitional phase of Space Shuttle with funds shifted to developmental Space Shuttle programs were coded to the costs incurred in the new program areas. In addition to contract values, the Space Shuttle program was credited with a per centage of NASA’s administrative costs, supplies, and services based upon the number of NASA employees working on Space Shuttle. Direct NASA employment of Federal workers was obtained from NASA personnel records. NASA employ ment assigned to the Space Shuttle program was estimated with the assistance o f NASA. Expenditures The total NASA program in fiscal year 1973 amounted to $3.3 billion, slightly higher than in 1972. Most of this money, about 77 percent, was channelled to development and ongoing space programs, while about 22 percent went to salaries and program administration. NASA’s activities affect the economy largely through contract outlays for research, operations, and admini strative support. These amounted to about 80 percent of all NASA expenditures in 1973. Contract outlays went largely to business firms, which received about 90 percent of total contract value. The remainder of the contracts went to educational and nonprofit institutions and to other government agencies. The Space Shuttle program in 1973 is estimated to have cost about $230 million, or almost 7 percent of total NASA outlays. This figure was derived by totaling the costs incurred under all Space Shuttle contracts during the year. To this was added an estimate of the compensation and benefits received by NASA employees working on this program as well as a proportion of total NASA administrative support costs, such as the purchase of supplies and travel services. Total NASA. In examining NASA outlays to determine their employment requirements, it was first necessary to determine which group ultimately spent NASA funds and how the funds were generally spent. Most NASA outlays, of course, were spent by NASA directly for the hire of personnel and for outside purchases of goods and services. However, some NASA outlays went to other Federal Government agencies and to State and local government institutions, which ultimately used the money to hire other government workers and to make purchases of goods and services in the private sector. Aggregate NASA outlays to other Federal agencies and to State and local institutions were estimated by sampling NASA contracts and expanding the results. Where a Federal agency provided a product for NASA, it was assumed that the purchase was made during FY 1973 and it was treated as a direct purchase by NASA from the private economy. Where a service was pur chased from another Federal agency, this amount was lumped into a Federal purchase sector and later distri buted to other Federal compensation and purchases from the private sector. Similarly, contracts to a State or locally controlled university were coded to an overall State and local sector on education and ultimately distributed to State and local government compensation and to specific State and local purchases. Total NASA outlays for FY 1973 were first distributed as follows: (thousands) T o ta l........................................................... $3,315,220 Direct NASA compensation.................................... 563,800 Direct NASA purchases........................................... 2,586,318 Payments to other Federal agencies....................... 122,651 Payments to State and local in s titu tio n s .............. 42,451 With further refinement, these became: (thousands) T o ta l........................................................... $3,315,220 Purchases from the private sector: NASA ............................................................. 2,586,318 Other Federal agencies.................................. 70,573 State and local institutions ......................... 12,065 Compensation: NASA employees........................................... 563,800 Other Federal employees............................. 52,078 State and local em ployees........................... 30,386 The total of NASA purchases from the private sector was translated into specific purchases through the use of the sample of contract costs, obligations by object class detail, and other sources. In cases where large prime contracts had a general function and could not be reasonably coded to a single product or service, the amount was allocated to the performing establishment and to its subcontractors. Purchases by other Federal agencies and State and local institutions were estimated by using previous studies of purchases by these sectors. Total NASA purchases from the private sector in FY 1973 were made largely from the manufacturing sector, which accounted for about 76 percent of the total. Purchases of services amounted to about 17 percent. Industry purchases showed a marked concentration, as might be expected from NASA’s functions. In the manufacturing sector, the space vehicle and aircraft industries received almost half of the outlays made in the private economy. The space vehicle industry, which includes only completely assembled space vehicles, accounted for almost 29 percent of outlays from the private sector. (See table 18.) Purchases from the aircraft industry were high, accounting for about 19 percent, since this industry is defined to include space vehicle engines and vehicle components. Electronics and com munications received about 13 percent. Major purchases Industry of Amount Percent NASA (millions) total purchases Manufacturing: Completed space vehicles.................................... Aircraft and space com ponents........................... Communications equipment ............................. Electronic com ponents.............. Computers.................................... Services: Educational services.................... Miscellaneous business services.................................... SO U RCE: $763 28.6 496 18.6 300 45 106 11.2 1.7 4.0 213 8.0 131 4.9 B u re au o f L a b o r S ta tistic s. in the services sector were made from the educational services industry, which includes research and develop ment performed by private universities, and from mis cellaneous business services, which includes computer programming and other computer services. Space Shuttle. Total Space Shuttle costs in 1973 had to be derived from several sources since a comprehensive estimate was not available. Total expenditures were obtained from contract values, outside contract manage ment costs, compensation expenditures, and administra tive purchases. Purchases from the private economy were obtained by totaling all costs incurred in 1973 under all contracts with a Space Shuttle designation. Negative contract amounts, used to indicate a shift of contract funds from a definitional to a developmental program, were not used to offset other contract amounts, since this would result in an understatement of employment requirem ents. Other purchases from the private econ omy were estimated by prorating a part of NASA’s administrative and overhead purchases to the Space Shuttle based on the number of NASA employees assigned to this program. Compensation of NASA employees was estimated by first determining the number of workers assigned, and then using average NASA compensation per worker to determine the amount of total NASA compensation that should be attributed to Space Shuttle. The amount of Space Shuttle outlays going to other Federal agencies and to State and local institutions was obtained by simply totaling all contracts with these organizations. In addi tion, contract administration, representing payments to the Defense Contract Audit Agency, was added to outlays going to all other Federal agencies. Outlays on Space Shuttle in 1973, on this basis, were estimated to amount to about $230 million, as follows: (thousands) T o ta l.......................................................... $230,069 Direct NASA compensation.................................... 45,726 Direct NASA purchases........................................... 178,813 Payments to other Federal agencies....................... 4,595 Payments to State and local in s titu tio n s .............. 934 For use with the employment model, these outlays were rearranged as follows: Some 86 percent of these purchases were from manufac turing establishments in 1973 while about 9 percent were from services. Purchases were concentrated in the aerospace industries, which received more than threequarters of total private outlays. The space vehicle and aircraft industries together received about 74 percent of the purchases from the private sector (table 19). Communications equipment and electronic components accounted for 5 percent. Employment requirements (thousands) T o ta l........................................................... $230,069 Purchases from the private sector ......................... 181,726 NASA ............................................................. 178,813 2,647 Other Federal agencies.................................. State and local institutions ......................... 266 Compensation........................................................... 48,343 NASA employees........................................... 45,726 Other Federal employees............................. 1,948 State and local employees........................... 669 NASA purchases for Space Shuttle were distributed to specific industries by coding all Space Shuttle prime contracts and their subcontracts to an industry. Outlays received by other Federal and State and local organiza tions were again distributed to compensation and to specific industries based upon past purchasing patterns for these sectors. Space Shuttle purchases from the private sector were more concentrated than in the case of total NASA. Table 19. Space Shuttle purchases, selected industries, fiscal year 1973 Industry Percent of Amou nt total Space (millions) Shuttle purchases Manufacturing: Completed space vehicles......................... $67.4 Aircraft and space components.................. 67.4 Communications 5.5 equipm ent.................... Electronic 3.6 components.................. 4.0 Com puters......................... Professional and scientific 4.5 instrum ents.................. Services: Educational 1.0 services ......................... Miscellaneous business 9.5 services ......................... Nonprofit 3.1 organizations................ 37.1 37.1 3.0 2.0 2.2 2.6 .6 5.2 1.7 NASA employment requirements were estimated on the same basis as the other programs reported on here. They were calculated through the use of an interindustry employment model and have the characteristic strengths and weaknesses of this system. Total NASA. Total NASA outlays in 1973 generated requirements for about 194,000 jobs. Of these jobs, 160,000 or almost 83 percent were in the private sector, with nearly 34,000 or 17 percent in the public sector. Of the public sector employees, almost 28,000 were NASA employees: Total NASA-related em ploym ent................ Private sector ................................................................. NASA purchases.................................................. Other purchases .................................................. Public secto r.................................................................... NASA direct employees .................................... Other Federal employees .................................. State and local employees.................................. 194,280 160,417 155,763 4,654 33,863 27,745 3,768 2,350 The job requirements generated by NASA in the private sector did not show as heavy a concentration in manufacturing and the aerospace industries as appeared in expenditures. This occurred because expenditures represent the initial impact on the system while employ ment is the result of tracing this impact through the more basic stages of supplying industries. Manufacturing accounted for about 55 percent of the employment in the private sector required by NASA (table 20). Various business and professional services accounted for about 27 percent. The largest employment impact occurred in the aircraft industry, which includes space vehicle engines and components. This industry accounted for 15 percent of all private jobs required, while completed space vehicles accounted for 9 percent. (See table 21.) This occurred in spite of the fact that initial NASA outlays were heavier in the completed space vehicles industry. However, jobs in the aircraft and components industry were created not only by direct purchases for space vehicle components but also by the indirect require- Sector Percent of Number NASA indirect employment T o ta l.................................... 160,417 774 Agriculture ......................................... M in in g .................................................. 1,137 3,163 C onstruction...................................... M anufacturing.................................... 88,133 Transportation, communication, and public u tilitie s................................ 8,804 T rade.................................................... 8,554 Finance, insurance, and real estate ............................................. 3,335 Services............................................... 43,494 Government enterprises.................... 3,024 SO U RCE: 100.0 .5 .7 2.0 54.9 5.5 5.3 2.1 27.1 1.9 B u reau o f L a b o r Sta tistic s. be working on the Space Shuttle program. NASA employment on the Space Shuttle was estimated by taking the people directly allocated to the Shuttle project at NASA headquarters and at the Johnson, Kennedy, and Marshall Space Centers. In addition, a proportion of the administrative and clerical personnel in these locations was included, based upon the extent of Space Shuttle employment. Total Space Shuttle-related em ploym ent............................................. Private sector .................................................................. NASA purchases.................. Other purchases .................................................. Public secto r.................................................................... NASA direct employees .................................... Other Federal employees .................................. State and local employees.................................. 13,117 10,674 10,516 158 2,443 2,250 141 52 Space Shuttle. The Space Shuttle program in 1973 created requirements for more than 13,000 jobs in both the public and private sectors, as shown in the following tabulation. About 81 percent or almost 11,000 of these were in the private sector, and the remaining 19 percent—about 2,400 jobs—were in the public sector. Some 2,250 direct NASA employees were estimated to Job requirements generated by the Space Shuttle program were also less concentrated than indicated by Space Shuttle outlays. The manufacturing sector ac counted for two-thirds of the private jobs generated, higher than the total NASA proportion. (See table 22.) Business and professional services accounted for about 17 percent. Space Shuttle employment requirements in 1973 were more concentrated in the aerospace industries than was the case with total NASA. The aircraft and space vehicle components industry accounted for almost 26 percent of the job impact in the private sector. (See table 23.) This industry, along with the completed space vehicles industry, accounted for 38 percent of the total indirect employment generated by the Space Shuttle program, as compared to 24 percent for all of NASA. However, the effect of Space Shuttle outlays on employ ment in education was much less than that of NASA as a Table 21. Total NASA indirect employment requirements, selected industries, fiscal year 1973 Table 22. Space Shuttle indirect employment requirements by industry sector, fiscal year 1973 ments generated by the purchase of completed space vehicles. About 11 percent of total private employment requirements were generated in educational services, reflecting heavy NASA purchases of research and devel opment services from institutions of higher learning. Employment requirements in machine shops were rela tively high, with 2.1 percent of private employment requirements. This resulted from strong direct and indirect demand for specialized machine shop products. Industry Aircraft and space vehicle com ponents.................................. Educational services........................... Completed space vehicles.................. Miscellaneous business services . . . . Communications equ ipm ent........... Miscellaneous professional services........................................... Electronic components .................... Machine shop products .................... Computers........................................... Nonprofit organizations.................... Professional and scientific instruments.................................... Percent of Number NASA indirect employment 24,373 18,254 14,354 12,122 9,015 15.2 11.4 9.0 7.6 5.6 5,300 4,891 3,382 3,345 3,191 3.3 3.1 2.1 2.1 2.0 2,960 1.9 Sector Percent of Shuttle Number Space indirect employment T o ta l......................................... 10,674 48 Agriculture ............................................. M in in g ...................................................... 81 C onstruction........................................... 149 Manufacturing......................................... 7,142 T ransportation, communication, and public u tilitie s .................................... 500 Trade........................................................ 569 Finance, insurance, and real e sta te .................................................. 206 Services.................................................... 1,802 Government enterprises......................... 177 100.0 .5 .8 1.4 66.9 4.7 5.3 1.9 16.9 1.7 Industry Percent of Space Shuttle Number indirect employment Aircraft and space vehicle components ....................................... 2,750 Completed space vehicles....................... 1,323 Miscellaneous business services ........... 898 373 Machine shop products ......................... 338 Nonprofit organizations......................... 319 Communications equipment ................ Electronic components ......................... 268 Professional and scientific 250 instruments............................... .. Miscellaneous professional 204 services...................................... . . . . 127 Computers............................................... 110 Educational services................................ SO U RCE: 25.8 12.4 8.4 3.5 3.2 3.0 2.5 2.3 2.0 1.2 1.0 B u reau o f L a b o r Sta tistic s. whole. Total NASA job requirements in education amounted to over 11 percent of indirect requirements while Space Shuttle requirements in this industry were only 1 percent. This reflects the fact that much of Space Shuttle development work occurred in industrial facili ties rather than in university research centers. Occupational patterns Total NASA direct employment. NASA employed 27,745 Federal workers in 1973, on the average. About two-thirds of these employees were professional and technical workers. (See table 24.) More than 10,000 were engineers, principally aero-astronautical and electri cal. Some 4,000, or almost 15 percent, were nonmedical technicians. Clerical workers were the second largest occupational group, with almost 4,000 employees or about 14 percent in this classification. Table 24. Total NASA indirect employment. NASA’s purchases from the private economy generated requirements for some 160,400 employees in various occupational groups. Professional and technical workers were the largest occupational group, accounting for almost 24 percent of the total. In this group, engineers represented the largest occupation, with about 9 percent of all indirect employ ment generated by NASA, or about 14,000 workers. About one-third of these were aero-astronautical engi neers. Transportation and other equipment operatives were the next largest occupational group, accounting for almost 22 percent of indirect employment requirements. Clerical workers, the third largest group, made up about one-fifth of indirect employment. Space Shuttle direct employment. About 2,250 NASA employees were assigned to the Space Shuttle program in 1973. About 83 percent of these workers were classified as professional or technical (table 25). About 1,300, or some 58 percent, were engineers. About half of these were aero-astronautical engineers. Clerical workers and managers largely accounted for the remain ing 17 percent. Space Shuttle indirect employment. Space Shuttle pur chases from the private economy in 1973 were estimated to have generated almost 11,000 jobs. The occupational pattern of these jobs is similar to that for total NASA outlays, with a somewhat higher proportion of opera tives and craft workers and a slightly lower share of professional and technical and clerical workers. Opera tives, principally metalworkers and assemblers, ac counted for about one-quarter of Space Shuttle employ ment requirements. Professional and technical workers accounted for one-fifth, with engineers representing about 7 percent of total indirect employment require ments. Total NASA employment requirements by occupation, fiscal year 1973 Occupation Total employment Number Percent Total ............................................................... 188,145 Professional, technical, and kindred w orkers.............. 56,761 15,483 Managers, officials, and proprietors............................. Clerical workers ............................................................. 34,783 3,973 Sales workers ................................................................. Craft and kindred workers ........................................... 26,269 Operatives........................................................................ 35,093 Service w orkers............................................................... 10,368 Laborers.......................................................................... 4,803 Farmers and farm workers ........................................... 619 100.0 30.2 8.2 18.5 2.1 14.0 18.7 5.5 2.6 .3 Direct employment Number Percent 27,745 18,696 3,238 3,840 6 1,535 315 40 75 — 100.0 67.4 11.7 13.8 — 5.5 1.1 .1 .3 — Indirect employment Number Percent 160,400 38,065 12,245 30,943 3,967 24,734 34,778 10,328 4,728 619 100.0 23.7 7.6 19.3 2.5 15.4 21.7 6.4 3.0 .4 Occupation Total ............................................................... Professional, technical, and kindred w orkers.............. Managers, officials, and proprietors............................. Clerical workers ............................................................. Sales workers .................................................................. Craft and kindred workers ........................................... Operatives........................................................................ Service w orkers............................................................... Laborers........................................................................... Farmers and farm workers ........................................... NOTE: Total employment Number Percent 12,924 3,962 997 2,205 265 1,888 2,643 599 327 38 Ite m s m a y n o t add t o t o t a ls b ecau se o f ro u n d in g . Direct employment Number Percent 100.0 30.7 7.7 17.1 2.0 14.6 20.4 4.6 2.5 .3 SO U RCE: 2,250 1,861 176 209 — — 3 — 1 — 100.0 82.7 7.8 9.8 — — .1 — — — Indirect employment Number Percent 10,674 2,101 821 1,996 265 1,888 2,640 599 326 38 Bu re au o f L a b o r S ta tistic s. 100.0 19.7 7.7 18.7 2.5 17.7 24.7 5.6 3.0 .4 Appendix A. Technical Notes This appendix describes in fuller detail the inter industry employment model, the national industry occupational matrix, and the procedures used to develop the employment and occupational requirements esti mates for the five studies. It is designed to supplement the brief descriptions of method and limitations pro vided in the introduction. Interindustry employment model The 1970 employment table was constructed from a 1970 interindustry model of 134 industry sectors. Each sector represents a group of industries classified by Standard Industrial Classification (SIC) codes as shown in table A-l. An interindustry model, in its most basic form, distributes the transaction value of the sales that each industry sector makes to itself, to each of the other industry sectors, and to final purchasers. In an interindustry model, intermediate goods are sold to other industries where further fabrication occurs before a finished good is produced. Finished products are sold to the final demand or product sectors of the national income accounts—personal consumption ex penditures, gross private domestic investment, net ex ports of goods and services, Federal Government pur chases, and State and local government purchases. Intermediate sales provide the basic structure of an interindustry model while final sales, or final demand, represent the usual input to a model of this type. Each of the 134 rows in the interindustry model shows the sales made by an industry to itself, to other industries, and to the final demand sectors. Each of the 134 columns shows an industry’s purchases from each industry, including itself, which were required to pro duce its own output. The sum of all purchases in a column plus that industry’s value added1 is equal to the total value of production for that industry. When the purchases in a column are divided individually by the total production o f that industry, they form ratios that lrThe value added of a sector includes compensation of employees, depreciation, profits, and other payments to the factors of production. define the amount of input required from each industry in order to produce a unit of output (usually stated in dollar terms) of the purchasing industry. For example, these ratios, or coefficients, would show how much the automobile industry would have to buy from such industries as rubber, textiles, steel, aluminum, adver tising, business services, plastics, transportation, and trade in order to produce a unit value of output. These purchases represent the requirements from the immediate or first tier of supplying industries. Each of these supplying industries would also require inputs in order to manufacture its product. The steel industry would need coal and iron ore to make steel. The coal and iron ore industries, in turn, would need fuel and other products and services to produce their outputs. Each final purchase would require a chain of purchases back through the more basic supplying industries. An interindustry model provides a way of solving simul taneously all of the interrelated requirements created in the economy by purchases of the various final demand sectors or programs. The elements of this model can be transformed from production requirements to employment requirements by applying employment-output ratios to each indus try’s total output. The interindustry employment table which results from this process shows the total employ ment attributable to deliveries to final demand. Total employment generated by a given type of final demand using an interindustry model consists of the employment in the industry producing the final product or service, as well as the employment in all the supporting industries. It should be noted that the interindustry employment table reflects 1970 industry technology and productivity and is expressed in 1963 prices. Also, the transactions in 1963 dollars are in terms of producers’ values and not purchasers’ values. Producers’ values are purchasers’ values minus trade and transportation costs—put another way, producers’ values are values stated at the site of production. The trade margins and transportation costs associated with all of these transactions appear as direct purchases from the trade and transportation industries. Use of this table, therefore, requires the conversion of purchases to 1963 producers’ prices. Using the employment table for manpower requirements studies After initial research indicates the feasibility of a manpower requirements study, the first step toward using the employment table is to separate program expenditures into direct Federal purchases of goods and services, grants, transfers, and subsidy outlays. These amounts are then allocated to the appropriate pur chasing sectors. For example, grants represent purchases of goods and services by State and local governments, whereas transfers are considered personal consumption expenditures, and so on. This grouping of program expenditures by purchasing sector provides the totals for the separate bills of goods or lists of purchases required in order to use the employment model. Each total must then be broken down into the purchases made from each of the 134 industry sectors of the model. These sectors consist of industry groupings defined by SIC codes. These aggregate and functional expenditures have to be broken down into the actual purchases made, a step which requires familiarity with the program and its reporting procedures. Detail on program purchases usually appears as obligations rather than expenditures. In some cases, obligated amounts will equal or approximate actual expenditures in a given period. This is usually the case for employee compensation and other administrative overhead costs. However, where long-leadtime purchases are involved, such as construction, research and develop ment, or the production of ships and weapon systems, obligated funds may not be completely spent for several years. Expenditures in a given year will include funds that were obligated in several previous years. These amounts must be summed to arrive at expenditures for a given year. The list of purchases, or bill of goods, for each purchasing sector is adjusted to 1963 prices before it can be used with the employment table. In addition, the amount of trade and transportation costs included in the purchases from each industry must be determined and subtracted from these purchases. Individual trade and transportation costs are totaled and added to the total purchases from the trade and transportation sectors. The direct purchases from each industry and the trade and transportation costs associated with each product pur chased comprise the total bill of goods for a program. Use of these bills of goods with the 1970 employ ment table involves multiplying the table, considered as a matrix, by each of the bills of goods, considered as column vectors. Since each column provides the employ ment required for each billion dollars of purchases, this calculation would yield the employment generated by each program. The amount of employment generated within the same industry as the producing industry in each row is considered the first tier or primary employ ment requirements, while the employment totals of the other industries in each row constitute the second tier, or secondary employment requirements. National industry-occupational matrix The employment generated in each industry is dis aggregated into occupations using the national industryoccupational employment matrix. This matrix is a table which presents for total U.S. employment the percent distribution of 422 detailed occupations in each of 201 industries. By applying an industry’s occupational pat tern to total employment in that industry, estimates are developed of the industry’s employment by occupation. To arrive at total national requirements for each occupation, the estimates for all the industries are summed across each row in the table or matrix. Currently, industry-occupational matrices are avail able for 1970, 1980, and 1985.2 The 1970 matrix is based primarily on data from the 1970 Census of Population, supplemented by data from other sources. These supplemental data include annual averages from the Current Population Survey (CPS) and: • E m ploym ent estim ates for teachers and librarians based on data collected b y the O ffice o f Educa tion; • O ccupational em p loym en t data collected b y regu latory agencies for regulated sectors such as railroads, airlines, and telep h on e and telegraph com m unications; • E m ploym ent data collected b y professional societies, especially for m edical and health occupa tions; • Federal Civil Service C om m ission statistics on em ploym ent by occu p ation in Federal Govern m ent agencies; • O ccupational em p loym en t inform ation com piled by the Postal Service on its em p loyees. The 1980 and 1985 matrices were projected using currently available data and independently projected estimates for total national employment, employment in occupational groups and selected occupations, and total employment by industry.3 2 Matrices based on the classification of occupations in the 1960 Census of Population are available for 1960, 1967, 1970, and 1980, but these are not comparable to the ones used in this study because they only show the distribution of 160 occupa tions in 116 industries. The 1970 matrix was used to prepare 1972 occupa tional employment estimates since each industry’s occu pational structure changes slowly and is relatively stable over the shortrun. A number of adjustments had to be made to the occupational matrix in order to use it in conjunction with the interindustry model system for the studies presented in this report, since the industry classifications differ in the two systems. The restructuring of industries in the occupational matrix (201 industries) to conform to the industries in the interindustry model (134 industries) was accomplished by comparing the indus tries in terms of codes and making necessary adjust ments. While many of the industries in both models matched exactly by SIC code, there were various differences that had to be reconciled. In some areas, there was greater industry detail in the occupational matrix than in the interindustry model. In these cases, the matrix industries were aggregated. Where the industry-occupational matrix industries were less 3For a discussion of the methodology used to project occupational matrices see Tomorrow’s Manpower Needs, Volume IV, Revised, Bulletin 1737 (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 1971). detailed than those in the interindustry model, the employment of the matrix industry was distributed according to the proportion of its SIC content. Thus, if a matrix industry was composed of two SIC industries, the total employment of each SIC industry as found in Employment and Earnings was added together, then divided by the total to calculate a percent distribution for the matrix industry in terms of its SIC content. This distribution was used to adjust each cell of the matrix industry, and these adjusted cells were used to form the inter-industry model sector or were added to corre sponding adjusted cells from other matrix industries to form the input-output sector. For example, if a SIC industry was found to represent 30 percent of the total employment of a matrix industry, each cell of the matrix industry was multiplied by 30 percent to form the corresponding cell for the inter-industry model sector or was added to similarly adjusted cells from other matrix industries to form the interindustry model sector’s cell. These operations were performed on private wage and salary, self-employed, and unpaid family worker occupational cells for each industry. Government workers were placed in three input-output sectors based on independent information. Sector number and name 1963 input-output number Agriculture, forestry, and fisheries: Livestock and livestock 1 products......................... 1.01-1.03 Crops and other agri2 cultural prod ucts......... 2.01-2.07 3 Forestry and f isheries . . . . 3 4 Agriculture, forestry, and fishery services.............. 4 Mining: SIC code1 01 01 074, 08, and 091 071,0723, pt. 0729, 07 3 ,0 8 5 ,and 098 5 6 7 Iron ore m in in g .................. Copper ore mining ........... Other nonferrous metal ore mining ........................... 5 6.01 101,106 102 6.02 8 9 10 Coal m ining......................... Crude petroleum ........... Stone and clay mining and q u a rryin g ...................... 7 8 103-109, except 106 11, 12 1311,1321,138 11 Chemical and fertilizer m in in g ........................... Construction: 12 13 14 15 16 17 141-145, 148, and 149 10 147 New residential 11.01 buildings......................... New nonresidential 11.02 buildings ....................... 11.03 New public u tilitie s ........... 1 New streets and and 17 />15 1 16 IUr OIIU 1/ hinhiA/av/c .................. .. • 11.04 iiiyiivvciyo A ll other new 1 r'onctn i in n 11.05 UUIIallUl/UUII........... .. ) Maintenance and 12.01-12.02 P Manufacturing: Guided missiles and space 18 vehicles ........................ 19 Other ordnance.................. 20 Food products .................. 21 Tobacco manufacturing .. 22 Fabric, yarn, and thread m ills ............................... 9 )/ ( \Jf / 13.01 13.02-13.07 14.01 -14.32 15.01-15.02 1925 19 except 1925 20 21 16.01 -16.04 221,222, 223,224, 226, and 228 Sector number and name 1963 input-output number Manufacturing--Continued 23 Miscellaneous textiles and floor coverings.............. 17.01-17.10 24 Hosiery and knit goods . .. 18.01-18.03 25 18.04 A pp arel................................ 26 29 30 31 32 33 Miscellaneous fabricated textile p ro d u cts........... 19.01-19.03 Logging, sawmills, and planing m ills .................. 20.01-20.04 M illwork, plywood, and other wood prnrli irts 20.05-20.09 and 21 Household fu rn itu re ......... 22.01-22.04 Other fu rn itu re .................. 23.01 -23.07 Paner nrnHnrt*: 24.01-24.07 Papprhnarri 25 Publishing........................... 26.01-26.04 34 P rintin g................................ 26.05-26.08 35 nhpmiral nrnrliipt*; 27 28 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 27 01 and 27.04 Agricultural chemicals . . . . 27.02-27.03 Plastic materials and synthetic rubber........... 28.01-28.02 Synthetic fibers.................. 28.03-28.04 29.01 Drugs .................................. Cleaning and toilet preparations.................. 29.02-29.03 30 P a in t.................................... Petroleum products........... 31.01-31.03 Rubber products................ 32.01 -32.03 32.04 Plastic products.................. Leather, footwear, and leather products........... 33,34.01, and 34.03 Glass.................................... 35.01-35.02 Cement, clay, and concrete products......................... 36.01-36.05 and 36.1036.14 SIC code1 227 and 229 225 23 (except 239), 3992 239 241 and 242 243,244,and 249* 251 25 except 251 26 except 265 265 271,272, 273, and 274 275,276, 277, 278, and 279 281 (except 28195), 286, and 289 287 2821,2822 2823,2824 283 284 285 29 30 except 307 307 31 321 ,322,and 323 324,325,and 327 Sector number and name Manufacturing--Continued 48 Miscellaneous stone and H a y p ro d u cts 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 Blast furnaces and basic 1963 input-output number 36 06-36.09 and 36.1536.22 steel p r o d u c t s ............... 37.01 Iron and steel foundries and forgings.................. 37.02-37.04 38.01 Primary copper metals . .. 38.04 Primary aluminum ........... Other primary and secondary nonferrous metal products.............. 38.02-38.03 and 38.0538.06 Copper rolling and 38.07 drawing ......................... Aluminum rolling and 38.08 drawing ......................... Other nonferrous rolling and dra w in g .................. 38.09-38.10 Miscellaneous nonferrous metal products.............. 38.11-38.14 Metal containers................ 39.01-39.02 Heating apparatus and plumbing fix tu re s ......... 40.01 -40.03 Fabricated structural metal ......................... 40.04-40.09 Screw machine products . . 41.01-41.02 Other fabricated metal n r n r li 42.01-42.11 ir tc 63 Engines, turbines, and 64 65 Farm m a ch inery................ Construction, mining, and oil field 66 67 68 n e n p ra tn r? 43.01-43.02 44 m a c h in e ry ................... 45.01 -45.03 Material handling equip ment .............................. 46.01 -46.04 Metalworking machinery ..................... 47.01-47.04 Special industry machinery ..................... 48.01-48.06 SIC code1 326 328 and 329 331 332, 3391, and 3399 3331 3334 and 28195 3332,3333,3339, and 334 Sector number and name Manufacturing--Continued General industrial 69 machinery .................... 49.01 -49.07 70 Machine shop 50 products............... . . . . . 71 Computers and peripheral 51.01 equipm ent.................... Typewriters and other 72 office m achines........... 51.02-51.04 73 74 75 3351 76 77 3352 78 3356 and 3357 79 336 and 3392 341 and 3491 80 343 81 82 344 345 and 346 83 84 85 342, 347, 348, and 349 except 3491 351 352 3531,3532, and 3533 3534,3535,3536, and 3537 354 355 1963 input-output number 86 87 88 89 90 91 Service industry machines ....................... 52.01-52.05 Electric transmission e q u i p m e n t ................... 53.01-53.03 Electrical industrial apparatus....................... 53.04-53.08 54.01-54.07 Household appliances Electric lighting and w irin g ............................. 55.01-55.03 Radio and television sets.................................. 56.01-56.02 Telephone and telegraph 56.03 apparatus....................... Other electronic communi 56.04 cation equipment . . Electronic components . . . 57.01-57.03 Other electrical machinery .................... 58.01-58.05 Motor vehicles.................... 59.01 -59.03 A irc ra ft................................ 60.01-60.04 Ship and boat building and re p a ir............................. 61.01-61.02 Railroad and other trans portation equip ment ............................. 61.03-61.05 Miscellaneous transporta tion equipment.............. 61.06-61.07 Scientific and controlling instruments .................. 62.01 -62.03 and 62.07 Medical and dental instru ments .............................. 62.04-62.06 Optical and ophthalmic equipm ent.................... 63.01-63.02 Photographic equipment 63.03 and supplies.................. SIC code1 356 359 3573,3574 357, except 3573 and 3574 358 361 362 363 364 365 3661 3662 367 369 371 372 373 374 and 375 379 3 8 1 ,382,and 387 384 383 and 385 386 Sector number and name 1963 input-output number Manufacturing—Continued 92 Miscellaneous manufactu re d p r o d u c t s ............. 64.01-64.12 Transportation, communication, and public utilities: Railroad transportation . . . 65.01 93 Local transit and intercity 94 65.02 b u s .................................. 65.03 Truck transportation......... 95 65.04 Water transportation......... 96 65.05 97 A ir transportation............. Other transportation......... 65.06-65.07 98 SIC code1 39 (except 3992) 40 and 474 41 42 and 473 44 45 46, 47 (except 473 and 474) Communications, except radio and T V ................ Radio and TV broadca stin g ........................... E le c tric u tilitie s .... Gas u tilitie s ......................... Water and sanitary services........................... 67 68.01 68.02 483 491 and part 493 492 and part 493 68.03 494,495, 496,497, and part 493 Wholesale and retail trade: 104 Wholesale tra d e .................. Retail tra d e ......................... 105 69.01 69.02 50 52, 53, 5 4,5 5,56, 5 7 ,5 8 ,and 59 99 100 101 102 103 66 Finance, insurance, and real estate: 106 Finance............................... 70.01 -70.03 107 Insurance ........................... 70.04-70.05 108 Owner-occupied 70.01 d w e llin g s...................... Other real estate .... 71.02 109 Services: 110 Hotels and lodging places............................. 72.01 111 Other personal services . . . 72.02-72.03 112 Miscellaneous business 73.01 services........................... 113 73.02 A dve rtising......................... 1Standard Industrial Classification Manual, 2 N o c o m p a r a b le in d u stry . 48 except 483 60, 6 1 ,6 2 ,and 67 63 and 64 (2) 65 a nd 66 70 72 and 76 73 except 731 731 Sector number and name 1963 input-output number SIC code1 Services—Conti nued Miscellaneous professional 114 services ........................... 73.03 and 74 81 and 89 except 892, nonprofit research 75 75 Automobile repair.............. 115 78 76.01 Motion pictures.................. 116 79 76.02 Other amusements ............ 117 Health services except 118 hncnitalc 80 (except 806), 77.01 and 0722 77.03 Hncnitak 77.02 806 119 F rli ir*a+ir»r»a 1 co r\/iroQ 82 77.04 120 84, 86, and 892 77.05 Nonprofit organizations . . 121 Government enterprises: (2) 78.01 Post O ffic e ......................... 122 Commodity Credit 123 (2) 78.03 C orporation.................. Other Federal 124 (2) enterprises..................... 78.02 and 78.04 State and local government 125 (2) enterprises..................... 79.01-79.03 Imports: Directly allocated im 126 (2) 80.01 ports .............................. 80.02 (2) 127 Transferred imports ......... Dummy industries: Business travel, entertain 128 (2) 81 ment, and g ifts .............. 82 (2) Office supplies .................. 129 Scrap, used and second 130 hand aoods .................... (2) 83 Special industries: 84 (2) Government industry 131 Rest of the world 132 85 (2) in d u stry......................... (2) 86 Households......................... 133 134 Inventory valuation 87 (2) adjustm ent.................... 1967 e d itio n , Bu re au o f th e B u d g e t (n o w O ffic e o f M a n a g e m e n t an d B u d g e t). Appendix B. Detailed Tables Table B-1. Expenditures for goods and services by program and industry (Thousands of dollars) PRODUCING I N DUS TR Y VETERANS ADMIN IS T R A TI O N HEALTH CARE1 NA TI ONA L I N S T I T U T E S OF HEALTH2 ' MDTA I N S T I T U T I O N A L TRAINING3 EXTRAMURAL DI RE CT PROGRAM OPERATI ONS TOTAL PROGRAM PURCHASES TOTA L ALLOWANCES NATI ONAL 1lERONAUTI CS AND £SPACE ADMINIS T R A T I O N 4 ' SPACE TOTAL SHUTTLE PROGRAM $331,190 $ 65,136 $1 2 2 ,7 9 6 $ 2 7 ,3 3 7 $ 9 5 ,4 5 9 $2,6 6 9 ,0 2 8 9,99* 527 131 - 3 7 “ 6 30 549 102 627 542 102 50 71 25 2 ,1 0 1 3 2 ,098 - - 41 2 2 ,101 4 24 2 ,0 9 8 24 4 4 _ - 3 4 - 41 61 908 2 2 12 - - - - ~ STONE AND CLAY MI NI NG AND QU AR R YI N G............... CHEMICAL AND F E R T T L I Z E R M I N I N G............................. NEW R E S I D E N T I A L B U I L DI N G CONS TR UC TI ON_____ NEW N ON R ES ID E NT I AL B UI L D I NG CONS TR UC TI ON. NEW PUB LI C U T I L I T I E S C O N ST RU CT I O N.................... 8 2 ,662 115 457 7 430 108 27 - - - - - ~ ■ “ _ 61 2 9 ,1 6 4 290 2 734 89 NEW HIGHWAY C O N ST RU CT I ON.............................................. ALL OTHER NEW C O NS T RU CT I ON......................................... MAINTENANCE AND R E P A I R C O N ST RU CT I O N............... GUIDED M I S S I L E S AND SPA CE V E H I C I E S .................. OTHER ORDNANCE........................................................................... 47,901 - 229 11,712 1 - 268 - - 8 ,5 0 0 - 229 3 ,212 1 - 1,7 0 0 3 8 ,1 1 0 2 1 ,8 5 4 7 6 3 ,1 3 7 1 ,914 49 684 2 ,036 67,4 0 0 3 FOOD PR ODUC TS .............................................................................. TOBACCO MANUFACTURI NG....................................................... F A B R I C , Y A R N , AND THREAD M I L L S ................................ MI SCELLANEOUS T E X T I L E S AND FLOOR C O V E R I N G S . .......................................................... H OS IE RY AND K NI T GOODS.................................................... 45,640 23,5 8 3 1,049 162 21,282 1,0 4 9 155 2 ,3 0 1 104 - 22 25 22 25 “ 54 4 A P PA R EL ............................................................................................... MI SCELLANEOUS F AB R I C A T E D T E X T I L E P RO D U C T S .................................................................. .............. L OG GI N G, S A W MI L L S, AND PLANI NG M I L L S ............ MTLIWOPI,. PLYWOOD, AND OTHER WOOD PR OD UC TS ................................................................... HOUSEHOLD F U RN I TU R E............................................................. 1 ,362 4 ,2 2 0 3 ,3 7 5 845 9 ,4 4 1 “ 320 187 148 21 128 96 1,2 6 0 288 OTHER F U R N I T U R E ........................................................................ PAPER P RODUC TS ........................................................................... PAPE RB OA RD....................................................................................... P U B L I S H I N G ....................................................................................... P R I N T I N G ............................................................................................. 1,2 0 2 9,528 2,999 2,141 1 ,809 CHEMICAL P RODUC TS ................................................................... A GRI CULTURAL C HE M I C A L S ..................................................... P L A S T I C M A TE R I A L S AND S Y NTH ETI C R U B B E R . . . S YN T HE T I C F I B E R S ...................................................................... DRUGS..................................................................................................... CLEANI NG AND T O I L E T P R E P A R A T I O N S ........................ P A I N T ..................................................................................................... PETROLEUM PR OD UC TS ................................................................ RUBBER PR ODUC TS ......................................................................... P L A S T I C P R OD UC TS ...................................................................... 5,529 1,5 8 1 2,500 T O T A L ........................................................................ $731,018 L I V E ST OC K AND L I V E S T O C K PR OD UC TS ....................... CROPS AND OTHER AGRI CULTURAL PRODUCTS_____ FORESTRY AND F I S H E R I E S .................................................... A GR I CU LT UR E , F O R E S T R Y , AND F I SH E R Y S E R V I C E S ................................................................................. - I R ON ORE M I N I N G ........................................................................ COPPER ORE M I N I N G ................................................................... OTHER NONFERROUS METAL OPE M I N I N G ..................... COAL M I N I N G .................................................................................... CRUDE PETROLEUM........................................................................ _ LE A TH ER , FOOTWEAR, AND LEATHER P R O D U C T S . . G L A S S ..................................................................................................... CEMENT, C L A Y , AND CONCRETE PR ODUC TS............... MI SCELLANEOUS STONE AND CLAY PR ODUC TS-------BLAST FURNACES AND B A S I C STEEL P R O D U C T S . . I RON AND S TEEL FOUNDR IE S > AND F O R G I N G S . . . PRI MARY COPPER M E T A L S . . . . ........................................... PRI MARY ALUMINUM...................................................................... OTHER PR IMA RY AND SECONDARY NONFERROUS METAL PRODUCTS................................................................ COPPER R OL LI NG AND DRAWI NG......................................... ALUMINUM R O L LI N G AND DRAWING................................... OTHER NONFERROUS R OL LI NG AND DRAWI NG............ MI SCELLANEOUS NONFERROUS METAL P R O D U C T S . . METAL C O N T A I N E R S ...................................................................... HEATING A PPARATUS AND PLUMBING F I X T U R E S . . FA BR IC ATE D STRUCTURAL METAL ...................................... SCREW MACHINE PR OD UC TS ..................................................... OTHER F A B R I C AT ED METAL PR ODUC TS ........................... E NG I N E S , T U R B I N E S , AND GE NE RA TOR S ..................... FARM M A C H I N E R Y . . . . . ............................................................. “ $3 9 6 ,3 2 6 9 ,9 9 6 128 131 , ■ “ 268 - $18 1 ,7 2 5 2 2 1 “ ~ 423 15,5 8 4 1,4 0 3 10 3 2,9 1 7 185 1 54 4 - 59 4 4 ,7 8 4 332 4,452 453 16 172 166 294 85 209 133 10 6 1,156 268 104 20 157 377 157 22 355 482 16 9 34 6 1 ,283 2 ,5 3 2 96 4,3 5 8 6,6 3 4 997 1 ,710 86 3,463 4,0 2 5 286 822 10 895 2,609 427 904 28 1,673 873 427 724 28 1 ,673 873 1 ,387 1 ,942 122 1 ,254 6 ,0 4 2 59 38 3 32 250 372 8 4 ,7 5 2 32,074 25 92 14,859 2 8,475 7 25 1 1 ,977 3 ,599 18 67 2 ,882 443 11 899 443 11 19 880 1 5 ,935 177 912 772 1 ,663 6 840 28 3 ,030 - 2,8 8 5 154 3,6 8 7 364 2,6 7 8 2 ,700 15 2 ,057 319 2 ,556 185 139 1,630 45 122 2 ,562 110 2,6 1 0 408 196 376 110 775 63 63 2,1 8 6 1,8 3 5 345 133 70H 158 1 4 ,9 9 6 322 606 22 9 166 47 451 459 11,452 17 150 43 938 94 89 89 644 113 51 91 305 33 38 51 91 305 611 75 - “ 459 12,3 9 0 111 239 132 12 487 381 39U 1 ,4 1 7 1 73 119 20 1 ,257 - 27 3 - 2U - 58 - 58 - 1,2 9 9 229 80 222 8 40 1,764 79 121 2 64 1 ,667 1 ,3 3 8 16 42 1 ,148 - 2,116 1,0 7 6 _ 24 - 1 ,610 “ - 16 ,0 0 7 1,4 0 3 159 - - “ " " - 12 1 11 75 107 63 37 27 121 104 45 30 3 59 3 18 7 24 62 24 119 46 39 ; 356 77 3 ,3 2 0 2 52 15 41 2,8 0 0 741 67 " _ - 8 31 - 73 *• 36 S20 j 37 | 15 “ ~ ~ - 56 “ 39 78 58 862 41 9 “ 75 24 119 46 39 39 78 58 862 41 9 180 - - - - - " " - - - - 486 27 - 2,895 322 2 ,1 0 5 969 46 244 153 674 32 1 * I (Thousands of dollars) VETERANS ADMIN IS TR A TI O N HEALTH C AR E1 PRODUCING I N DUS TR Y C ON ST RU CT I ON , M I N I N G , AND O I L F I E L D M AC HI NE RY.............................................................................. MATERI AL HANDLING EQUI PME NT...................................... METALWORKING MACHI NERY............................................... S P E C I A L I ND US T RY MACHI NERY......................................... GENERAL I N D U S T R I A L MACHI NERY................................... EXTRAMURAL DI RE CT PROGRAM OPERATI ONS TOTAL 801 99 566 199 - MDTA I N S T I T U T I O N A L TRAINING3 N ATI ONA L I N S T I T U T E S OF HEALTH2 PROGRAM PURCHASES TOTA L 129 317 345 83 235 17 242 34 80 129 300 103 49 155 7 41 411 159 166 7 41 411 159 166 3 98 11,491 618 301 2,3 2 1 27 1 ,3 2 3 377 422 332 118 56 647 237 205 118 56 647 237 205 973 700 MACHINE SHOP PR ODUC TS....................................................... COMPUTERS AND P ER IPH ER AL E QUI PMENT.................. T YP EW RI TE RS AND OTHER O F F I C E M A C H I N E S . . . . S E RV I C E I N D US T RY MA C HI NE S ............................................ E L E C T R I C T RA NS M I S S I O N EQUI PMENT........................... 1 ,3 9 3 4,487 2 ,900 2,135 425 12,8 1 4 995 723 2 ,653 E LE C T R I C I N D U S T R I A L A PP A R A T U S ................................ HOUSEHOLD A PP L T A N C E S.......................................................... E L E CT RI C L I G H T I N G AND W I R I N G ................................... RADI O AND T E L E V I S I O N S E T S ........................................... TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH A P P AR A TU S..................... 234 396 164 5,844 63 984 1,119 240 1 ,7 3 3 505 87 3 1,057 150 1 ,695 482 111 62 90 38 23 386 1,017 156 982 “ 386 44 156 2 82 - OTHER ELE CTR ONI C COMMUNICATION E QUI PMENT. ELE CTR ONI C COMPONENTS....................................................... OTHER E LE C T R I C A L MACHI NERY......................................... MOTOR V E H I C L E S ........................................................................... A I R C R A F T ............................................................................................. 4,109 24 25,177 «i94 3,9 2 4 3,4 9 2 3,277 1,572 3,2 6 6 3 ,232 2,822 1 ,374 658 260 455 198 37 199 131 2 ,072 37 199 59 390 - - - - - S H I P AND BOAT B U I L DI N G AND R E P A I R .................... RA ILR OA D AND OTHER TRA NS POR TA TI ON EQUI PME NT................................ MI SCELLANEOUS TRA NS POR TA TI ON E Q U I P M E N T . . . S C I E N T I F I C AND CONTROLLI NG I N S T R U M E N T S . . . MEDICAL AND DENTAL I NS T RUM ENT S............................. _ - - _ - _ _ - _ 1 ,0 4 0 14 _ _ _ _ _ 3 187 162 3 187 162 U7 5 3 ,659 8 ,4 6 5 2 4, 540 13 89 332 475 179 404 210 2 ,571 7 ,2 0 0 2 6 ,710 8,1 0 8 832 2 ,780 2,4 9 7 32 111 135 103 140 2 ,8 9 7 46 159 5 803 607 815 4 2,0 9 4 4 ,454 454 2 6 ,2 3 7 72 4 7 ,1 4 5 190 8 785 1 1 ,190 15 3,290 897 857 1,3 2 6 15 1 ,022 731 372 2,110 2,2 6 8 166 485 1 1,159 1,0 8 0 20,418 7 ,7 2 3 3,4 4 0 2 ,901 1 1 ,374 245 155 97 15,4 6 8 - 158 364 1,994 158 1,794 3 ,857 10,1 0 2 2 ,661 258 402 - 200 10 11 74 7,108 14,7 0 1 797 77 21,2 7 3 1 1,555 9 ,158 477 1,4 2 5 2,2 8 5 8,9 4 3 7,4 8 5 336 1,397 1,813 2 ,6 1 2 1 ,673 141 28 472 89 332 685 2,750 7 ,604 TRUCK T R A N S P O R T A T I O N .......................................................... WATER T R A N S P O R T A T I O N .......................................................... A I R T R A N S P O R T A T I O N ................................................................ OTHER T R A N S P O R T A T I O N .......................................................... C OM MUN IC A TI O NS , EX CE PT R ADI O AND T V .................. 3,267 - 1,5 5 9 396 7 ,598 2 4,8 4 7 882 396 4,9 5 6 2 2 ,431 677 2,6 4 2 2,4 1 6 804 861 16 3 5 8 3,1 5 8 1 ,128 889 4,141 8 1,778 1,123 491 4,0 9 5 1 ,380 5 398 46 13,024 1 ,742 2 ,098 10,124 13,808 118 215 734 - - 609 3, 963 24 19 300 5,4 7 7 3 ,5 8 5 5 80 6 1 ,4 3 9 O P T I C A L AND OPHTHALMIC EQUI PME NT....................... PHOTOGRAPHI C EQUIPMENT AND S U P P L I E S ............... MI SCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURED PR ODUC TS ............... R AI LR OA D T R A N S P O R T A T I O N ................................................. LOCAL T R A N S I T AND I N T E R C I T Y B U S .......................... 1 4,232 6,573 5 ,130 - 4,241 106,125 1 ,5 6 1 417 36,9 9 9 2 9 9 ,7 4 9 44 , 6 9 7 2 ,9 1 0 9 ,864 4 9 5 ,6 5 6 26,426 7 ,4 7 9 _ - 1 22 288 18 674 _ 72 1 ,682 774 2 4 ,754 65,189 _ " _ 42 4 37 577 2 ,456 2 ,787 123 14 48 22 1"7 1 14 4 ,468 1 ,813 RADI O AND TV B R O AD C AS T IN G ............................................ E L E C T R I C U T I L I T I E S ................................................................ GAS U T I L I T I E S .............................................................................. WATER AND S A NI T A RY S E R V I C E S ...................................... WHOLESALE T R A D E ........................................................................ - 3 ,236 228 874 629 2 ,2 4 9 1 14 30,894 9 ,292 2,9 2 1 11,282 ALLOWANCES NA TI ONA L AlER ONA UTIC S AND S: PACE A DMI NI S ITP.ATION4 SPACE TOTAL SHUTTLE PROGRAM 19*7 - - R E T A I L T R A D E ................................................................................. F I N A N C E ....... .............................................................. ......................... I N S U R A N C E . . * , * . . ' . ......................................................................... OWNE R- OC CUPI ED D W EL LI N G S.............................................. OTHER REAL E S T A T E ................................................................... 1,4 7 5 1 5,310 1 ,860 2,0 9 8 1 0,339 HOTELS AND; LODGI NG P L A C E S ............................................ OTHER PERSONAL S E R V I C E S ................................................. MI SCELLANEOUS B US I N E S S S E R V I C E S .......................... A D V E R T I S I N G ......... .......................................................................... MI SCELLANEOUS PR O FE S SI O NA L S E R V I C E S ............... 907 7,814 9 ,175 A 18,698 2,7 6 5 2,3 1 5 2 6 ,968 34 2 ,082 1,873 2 ,255 2 3,152 13 1 ,929 892 60 3 ,816 21 153 291 2,9 0 7 2,024 3 187 48 100 2 ,0 2 4 3 187 243 2 ,8 0 7 - 3 ,9 8 7 9 ,5 8 3 131,392 8 50,3 9 0 248 259 9 ,5 3 9 100 AUTOMOBILE R E P A I R ................................................................... MOTION P I C T U R E S ........................................................................ OTHER AMUSEMENTS..................................................................... HEALTH S E R V I C E S EXCEPT H O S P I T A L S ........................ H O S P I T A L S .......................................................................................... 3,067 203 9 3 ,4 6 3 4 ,5 9 5 848 304 197 12,139 23,602 797 298 197 4,5 6 4 23,594 51 6 7 ,5 7 5 8 231 399 271 1,662 1,900 148 255 21 4 83 144 250 1 ,658 1,9 0 0 6 ,549 4,5 1 3 12 896 797 30 18 2 3 EDUCATI ONAL S E R V I C E S .......................................................... NONPROFIT O R G A N I Z A T I O N S .................................................. POST O F F I C E .................................................................................... COMMODITY C R E D I T C O R PO R AT I O N................................... OTHER FEDERAL E N T E R P R I S E S ............................................ 6 ,260 42,297 2 ,6 8 0 - 18,904 2,366 1 ,4 9 6 - 1 8 ,5 7 9 1,408 981 - 361 958 515 - 1 ,829 1,3 6 0 502 - 1,8 2 9 3 187 - - 103 314 1 - - - - - - - 2 13,115 28,036 2 ,227 1,200 678 55 673 106 55 106 3 ,317 4 3 ,3 0 9 10,905 12 349 25 50 - _ S TATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT E N T E R P R I S E S . . . DI RE C TL Y ALLOCATED I M P O R T S ........................................ transferred i m p o p t s .................. .. ....................................... B U S I N E S S T R A V E L , E NTERTAI NMENT, AND G I F T S O F F I C E S U P P L I E S ........................................... ................ 1 FY 2 FY 3f y 4fy 1972. 1969. 1972. 1973. SEE SEE SEE SEE TE XT FOP T EXT FOR TE XT FOR TEXT FOR D E TA I LS D E T AI L S D ET A I L S DETAILS OF OF OF OF - 397 STUDY. STUDY. STUDY. STUDY. 3 _ _ 525 - 525 - i j | 2 ,773 _ 2 ,1 5 8 3,8 5 7 12 ,0 9 6 1,357 315 - _ 673 “ 2,1 5 1 - PRODUCING I NDUS TR Y VETERANS A DM I N I ST R A T I O N HEALTH CARE NATIONAL TOTAL EXTRAMURAL AND DI RECT TOTAL I N S T I T U T E S OF HEALTH EXTRAMURAL PROGRAMS LOANS AND PROGRAM C ONS TRUCTI ON DI RE CT FE LLOWS HI PS 2 O PE RA TI ONS PURCHASES GRANTS1 T O T A L ........................................................................ 47,450 6 0 ,465 55,113 31,1 0 1 1 0,773 1 3 ,2 3 9 5,3 5 2 L I V E ST O C K AND L I V E S T O C K PR ODUC TS ........................ CROPS AND OTHEP AGR IC ULTUR AL P R O D U C T S . . . . PORESTRY AND P I S H E R I E S .................................................... A G R I C UL TU RE , P O R E S T R Y , AND F I SH E R Y S E R V I C E S ................................................................................. 62 8 688 53 1,939 847 50 1 ,8 8 0 735 42 1 ,541 299 18 16 48 8 323 388 16 59 112 8 106 414 121 59 14 48 293 I RON ORE M I N I N G ......................................................................... COPPER ORE M I N I N G ................................................................... OTHER NONFERROUS METAL ORE M I N I N G ..................... COAL M INI NG.................................................................................... CRUDE PETROLEUM......................................................................... 19 22 22 99 170 29 31 31 100 203 27 28 28 89 174 10 16 16 43 91 14 9 10 25 29 3 3 2 21 54 2 3 3 11 29 STONE AND C LA Y MI NI NG AND QUA RR YI NG............... CHEMICAL AND F E R T I L I Z E R M I N I N G .............................. NEW R E S I D E N T I A L B UI L D I NG C ONS TR UC TI ON_____ NEW N ON R ES ID E NT I AL B UI L DI N G C ONS T RU CT I ON . NEW PUB LI C U T I L I T I E S C O N S T RU CT I O N..................... 79 14 977 143 30 30 20 3 ,863 132 27 3,8 6 2 94 4 3 ,846 8 3 - 11 3 1 - - - “ - - " NEW HIGHWAY C ON ST RU CT I ON.............................................. A LL OTHER NEW C O N ST RU CT I O N......................................... MAINTENANCE AND R E P A I R C ONS T RUC TI ON............... GUIDED M I S S I L E S AND S PA CE V E H I C L E S .................. OTHER ORDNANCE........................................................................... _ - - _ - 2,104 5 12 6 1,072 8 12 885 7 11 658 5 6 51 1 2 176 1 3 6 187 1 1 POOD PR ODUC TS .............................................................................. TOBACCO MANUFACTURING.....................................................F A B R I C , Y A R N , AND THREAD M I L L S ................................ MI SCELLANEOUS T E X T I L E S AND FLOOR C O V E R I N G S ............................................................. HOS IE RY AND K NI T GOODS.................................................... 897 1 469 807 33 30 3 743 33 274 298 14 122 19 20 426 19 132 64 29 86 31 67 10 6 61 98 18 37 18 3 25 58 6 8 A P P A R E L ................................................................................................ MI SCELLANEOUS F A B RI C AT ED T E X T I L E p r o d u c t s ................................................................................. L OG G I N G , S A W M I L L S , AND PLANI NG M I L L S ............ H ILLWORK, PLYWOOD, AND OTHER -WOOD P R OD UC TS ................................................................... HOUSEHOLD F U R N I T U R E ............................................................. 118 633 577 262 13 302 56 299 183 74 226 65 195 20 109 7 51 38 35 9 31 110 34 250 108 232 105 109 31 944 3 29 71 18 3 OTHEP F U R N I T U R E ........................................................................ PAPER PR O DU CT S........................................................................... PA PE RB OA RD....................................................................................... P U B L I S H I N G ....................................................................................... P R I N T I N G ............................................................................................. 45 564 263 429 532 66 480 194 597 839 54 410 171 522 664 45 265 1 04 367 519 5 59 24 34 37 4 86 43 121 108 12 70 23 75 175 CHEMI CAL PR ODUC TS ................................................................... A GRI CULTURAL C H EM I CA LS ..................................................... P L A S T I C M A TE R I A L S AND S Y NTH ETI C R U B B E R . . . S YNT HE TI C F I B E R S ...................................................................... DRUGS ..................................................................................................... 3 61 18 102 69 1,5 9 0 95 1 31 118 61 375 84 7 28 106 55 310 715 16 62 24 278 75 2 28 8 1 57 10 16 23 31 104 3 12 6 65 CLE ANI NG AND T O I L E T P R E P A R A T I O N S ........................ P A I N T ...................................................................................................... PETROLEUM PR OD UC TS ...................................... .. ....................... RUBBER P R O D UC TS ........................................................................ P L A S T I C PR ODUC TS ...................................................................... 66 57 89 174 384 91 61 129 15 5 427 86 52 11 1 143 395 55 27 58 64 203 2 16 18 27 147 29 9 35 52 45 5 9 18 12 32 LE A TH ER , FOOTWEAR, AND LEATHER P R O D U C T S . . G L A S S ..................................................................................................... CEMENT, C L A Y , AND CONCRETE P RODUC TS............... MI SCELLANEOUS STONE AND CLAY P R O D U C T S . . . . B LAST FURNACES AND B A S I C STEEL P R O D U C T S . . 99 180 14 5 154 361 142 621 375 198 574 139 573 363 186 537 48 516 35 53 166 7 27 318 117 317 84 30 10 16 54 3 48 12 12 37 I RON AND S T E EL FOUNDRIES AND F O R G I N G S . . . P RI MARY COPPER ME TA LS....................................................... PRI MARY ALUMINUM...................................................................... OTHER PRI MARY AND SECONDARY NONFERROUS METAL P RODUC TS ....................................J ......................... COPPER R OLLI NG AND DRAWI NG......................................... 93 8 19 161 11 34 147 10 32 64 6 11 60 3 18 23 1 3 14 1 2 39 22 37 30 33 27 20 16 10 8 3 3 4 3 ALUMINUM ROLLI NG AND DRAWI NG................................... OTHER NONFERROUS R O LL I NG AND DRAWING............ MI SCELLANEOUS NONFERROUS METAL P R O D U C T S . . METAL C O N T A I N E R S ...................................................................... HEATI NG APPA RA TUS AND PLUMBING F I X T U R E S . . 35 51 50 63 58 72 67 72 56 145 68 61 64 50 140 19 36 42 28 13 44 20 14 4 122 5 5 8 18 5 4 6 8 6 5 F AB RI CA TE D S TRUCTURAL METAL...................................... SCREW MACHINE P RODUC TS.................................................... OTHER F AB R I C A T E D METAL PRODUCTS........................... E N G I N E S , T U R B I N E S , AND GENE RA TOR S..................... FARM MACHI NERY........................................................................... 195 173 260 18 6 580 220 554 35 9 55 9 199 507 32 8 38 112 206 16 5 509 47 250 9 1 12 40 51 7 2 21 21 47 3 1 - - - 16 PRODUCING I NDUS TR Y VETERANS A D M I N IS TR A TI O N HEALTH CARE NATI ONAL TOTAL EXTRAMURAL AND DIRECT TOTAL I N S T I T U T E S OF HEALTH EXTRAMURA L PROGRAMS CONSTRUCTI ON PROGRAM GRANTS1 PURCHASES DIRECT LOANS AND FELLOWSHI PS2 OPE RA TI ONS C O NS T RU CT I ON , M I N I N G , AND O I L F I E L D M ACHI NERY.............................................................................. MATERI AL HANDLING EQUI PMENT...................................... METAL WORKING MACHI NERY.............................................. S P E C I A L I N DUS TR Y MACHI NERY......................................... GENERAL I N D U S T R I A L MACHINERY................................... 24 58 81 48 82 42 112 133 54 145 35 103 117 47 130 13 11 74 32 48 18 89 27 8 70 4 3 16 7 12 7 9 16 7 15 MACHINE SHOP PRODUCTS....................................................... COMPUTERS AND PE RI P HE R AL EQUI PMENT.................. T YP EW RI TE RS AND OTHER O F F I C E M ACHI NES_____ S B R V I C E I N DUS TR Y M AC HI NE S........................................... E L E C T R I C T RA NS M I S S I O N E QUI PMENT.......................... 69 60 125 85 174 123 455 42 92 26 2 112 405 31 79 233 69 398 26 34 191 23 3 2 11 33 20 4 3 11 9 11 50 11 13 29 E L E CT RI C I N D U S T R I A L A P P AR A TU S................................ HOUSEHOLD A P P L I A N C E S .......................................................... E LE C T R I C L I G H T I N G AND W I R I N G ................................... RADI O AND T E L E V I S I O N S E T S ............................................ TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH A P P A R A T U S ..................... 113 32 12 4 89 37 197 83 257 74 73 179 79 243 72 65 108 36 68 42 52 54 6 156 2 6 17 37 19 28 7 18 4 14 2 8 OTHER ELE CTR ONI C COMMUNICATION E QUI PMENT. ELECTRONI C COMPONENTS....................................................... OTHER E L E C T R I C A L MACHI NERY......................................... MOTOR V E H I C L E S ............................................................. ............. A I R C R A F T ........................................................................................... 189 207 612 23 52 276 464 1 31 171 86 236 417 115 166 73 205 345 91 36 52 26 41 9 3 11 5 31 15 127 10 40 47 16 5 13 S H I P AND BOAT B UI L DI N G AND R E P A I R ..................... RAI LROAD AND OTHER TRANS PORTATI ON E QUI PMENT................................ MI SCELLANEOUS TR ANS POR TA TI ON E Q U I P M E N T . . . S C I E N T I F I C AND C ONTROLLI NG I N S T R U M E N T S . . . MEDICAL AND DENTAL I N ST R U M E N T S............................. 14 36 34 8 17 9 2 9 15 961 1 ,887 13 17 1 ,6 3 2 37 5 12 16 1 ,413 311 6 1,245 298 2 1 152 3 4 15 16 10 1 1 219 64 O P T I C A L AND OPHTHALMIC E QUI PMENT........................ PHOTOGRAPHIC EQUIPMENT AND S U P P L I E S ............... MI SCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURED P RODUC TS............... R a i l r o a d t r a n s p o r t a t i o n .................................................. LOCAL T R A N S I T AND I N T E R C I T Y B U S .......................... 228 326 137 355 1,2 0 9 406 200 195 578 286 323 155 177 525 246 316 136 75 307 173 1 5 16 128 17 6 14 86 90 56 83 45 18 53 40 TRUCK T RA N S P O R T A T I O N .......................................................... w a t e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n .......................................................... A I R T RA NS P O R T A T I O N ................................................................ OTHER T RA N S P O R T A T I O N .......................................................... C OM MUN IC A TI O NS , EX CE PT RADI O AND T V .................. 969 43 259 63 781 1,0 0 1 84 504 86 837 87 2 76 39 2 73 695 441 45 268 40 324 241 12 68 13 180 190 19 56 20 191 129 8 112 13 142 R ADI O AND TV B R O A D CA S T I N G............................................ E L E C T R I C U T I L I T I E S ................................................................ GAS U T I L I T I E S .............................................................................. WATER AND S A N I T A F Y S E R V I C E S ...................................... WHOIESALE T R A D E ........................................................................ 131 345 196 87 3,317 113 27 6 158 58 3 ,466 102 235 147 48 3 ,125 63 120 82 26 1,8 8 7 11 37 18 8 521 28 78 47 14 717 11 41 11 10 341 R E T A I L T R A D E ................................................................................. F I N A N C E ............................................................................................... I N S U RA NC E .......................................................................................... OWNER- OCCUPI ED DW EL LI N GS .............................................. OTHER REAL E S T A T E ................................................................... 1 ,234 394 333 8,24 5 753 770 8,0 4 8 70 9 725 - - - 332 640 600 4 , 102 257 326 361 746 59 75 52 3,200 393 324 187 197 44 45 40 HOTELS AND LODGING P L A C E S ............................................ OTHER PERSONAL S E R V I C E S .................................................. MI SCELLANEOUS B U SI N ES S S E R V I C E S ........................... A D V E R T I S I N G .................................................................................... MI SCELLANEOUS P R OF ES SI O NA L S E R V I C E S ............... 281 1 ,093 1 ,623 141 1 ,372 746 929 3,0 9 7 110 1 ,1 1 5 599 905 2,748 100 1,058 408 400 2,248 60 403 42 16 236 13 ip a 149 489 264 27 18 1 147 24 349 10 67 AUTOMOBILE R E P A I R ................................................................... MOTION P I C T U R E S ........................................................................ OTHER AMUSEMENTS..................................................................... HEALTH S E R V I C E S EXCEPT H O S P I T A L S ........................ H O S P I T A L S .......................................................................................... 272 96 74 5,676 428 318 119 217 1,310 3 ,114 300 112 211 758 3,1 1 2 121 68 61 371 2,651 50 6 9 c 1 129 38 141 382 460 18 7 6 55 2 2 9 01 4,4 0 9 590 459 2,821 86 2 715 99 2 ,771 730 60 8 92 2,477 264 424 43 2 31 51 12 292 435 133 37 50 132 107 532 - 34 3 ~ 29 8 - 163 “ 35 " 100 - 45 “ EDUCATI ONAL S E R V I C E S .......................................................... NONPROFIT O R G A N I Z A T I O N S .................................................. POST O F F I C E .................................................................................... COMMODITY C R E D I T C O R P O RA TI O N................................... OTHER FEDERAL E N T E R P R I S E S ............................................ STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT E N T E R P R I S E S . . . D I RE C TL Y ALLOCATED I M P O R T S ......................................... TRANSFERRED I M P O R T S ............................................................. B US I N E S S T R A V E L , E NTERTAI NMENT, AND G I F T S O F F I C E S U P P L I E S ........................................................................ - “ i l " 7 PRODUCING I NDUS TR Y TOTAL MANPOWER I N S T I T U T I O N A L T R A I N I N G PROGRAM LIV IN G PROGRAM ALLOWANCES PURCHASES N A TI O NA L AERONAUTICS AND S PA C E A D M I N I ST RA TI O N TOTAL S PACE NASA SHUTTLE T O T A L ........................................................................ 12,688 1 0 ,238 2,4 5 0 160 ,4 1 7 1 0 0,674 L I V E ST O C K AND L I V E S T O C K PR ODUC TS ........................ CPOPS AND OTHER A GRI CULTURAL P RODUC TS_____ PORES TRY AND F I S H E R I E S .................................................... A G R IC UL TU RE , F O R E S T R Y , AND F I SH E R Y SEF V I C E S ................................................................................. 326 368 11 314 349 9 12 19 2 237 388 3U 14 24 3 61 57 4 115 7 I RON ORE M I N I N G ........................................................................ COPPER ORE M I N I N G ................................................................... OTHER NONFERROUS METAL ORE M I N I N G ..................... COAL M I N IN G.................................................................................... CRUDE PETROLEUM........................................................................ 3 4 3 23 63 2 2 2 16 47 1 2 1 7 16 61 164 127 275 373 6 14 11 19 20 STONE AND C LA Y MI NI NG AND QUA RR YI NG............... CHEMICAL AND F E R T I L I Z E R M I N I N G .............................. NEW R E S I D E N T I A L B U I L D I N G C O N S T R U C T I O N . . . . NEW N O N R ES I DE NT I A L B U I L DI N G C ON STR UC TI ON. NEW PUB LI C U T I L I T I E S C O N ST RU CT I ON ..................... 9 3 - 6 2 - 3 1 - - “ - 110 27 614 7 8 3 15 2 NEW HIGHWAY C O NS T R UC T I O N .............................................. ALL OTHER NEW C O NS T RU CT I ON ......................................... MAINTENANCE AND R E P A I R C ONS T RUC TI ON............... GUI DED M I S S I L E S AND S PA CE V E H I C L E S .................. OTHER ORDNANCE........................................................................... 195 148 1 33 820 1 ,689 1 4,354 213 117 1 47 - 1 ,3 2 3 13 FOOD PR ODUC TS.............................................................................. TOBACCO MANUFACTURING........................................................ F A B R I C , Y A R N , AND THREAD M I L L S ................................ MI SCELLANEOUS T E X T I L E S AND FLOOR C O V E R I N G S ............................................................. HOS IE RY AND KNI T GOODS.................................................... 439 20 126 422 20 109 17 313 4 189 20 12 14 49 10 45 4 4 57 29 4 2 a p p a r e l ................................................................................................ MI SCELLANEOUS F A B RI C AT ED T E X T I L E PR OD UC TS ................................................................................. L OG G I N G , S A W M I L L S, AND PLANI NG M I L L S ............. HI LLWOR K, PLYWOOD, AND OTHER WOOD PR ODUC TS ................................................................... HOUSEHOLD F U R N I T U R E ............................................................. 378 350 28 160 12 25 37 20 22 5 15 40 282 2 18 31 32 16 28 15 it 238 HI 16 3 OTHER F U R N I T U R E ......................................................................... PAPER PR O DU CT S ............................................................................ PAPE RB OA RD....................................................................................... P U B L I S H I N G ....................................................................................... P R I N T I N G ............................................................................................. 26 115 46 167 163 1 62 36 60 75 25 53 10 107 88 132 644 272 725 1,4 1 7 10 36 18 33 63 CHEMICAL PR ODUC TS................................................................... AGRI CULTURAL C HE M I C A L S ..................................................... P L A S T I C M A TE R I A L S AND S YNT HE TI C R U B B E R . . . S YN TH E TI C F I B E R S ...................................................................... D RUGS ..................................................................................................... 71 9 16 19 30 44 8 27 1 5 3 84 28 220 39 30 72 2 28 3 2 CLE ANI NG AND T O I L E T P R E P A R A T I O N S ........................ P A I N T ...................................................................................................... PETROLEUM p r o d u c t s ................................................................ RUBBER P R OD UC TS ......................................................................... P L A S T I C P RODUC TS ...................................................................... 46 37 39 49 39 6 28 31 34 9 8 15 43 106 232 311 708 3 8 13 23 57 66 32 14 17 67 62 26 9 8 33 4 6 5 9 34 50 392 204 329 1 ,326 4 20 13 23 123 I RON AND S T E E L FOUNDRIES AND F O R G I N G S . . . PRI MARY COPPER M ETA LS ....................................................... PRI MARY ALUMINUM...................................................................... OTHEP P RI MARY AND SECONDARY NONFERROUS METAL PR ODUC TS ................................................................ COPPER R OL LI NG AND DRAWI NG......................................... 27 2 14 13 L EA TH ER , FOOTWEAR, AND LEATHER P R O D U C T S . . G L A S S ..................................................................................................... CEMENT, C L A Y , AND CONCRETE PR ODUC TS ............... MI SCELLANEOUS STONE AND CLAY P R O D U C T S . . . . BLA ST FURNACES AND B A S I C STEEL P R O D U C T S . . “ 11 - 11 16 29 17 - 1 7 5 1 14 n 1 1 2 2 943 70 155 89 5 19 4 6 2 2 2 4 165 148 14 10 ALUMINUM R OLLI NG AND DRAWING................................... OTHER NONFERROUS R O LL I NG AND DRAWI NG............ MI SCELLANEOUS NONFERROUS METAL P R O D U C T S . . METAL C O N T A I N E R S ...................................................................... HEATI NG APPA RA TUS AND PLUMBING F I X T U R E S . . 6 9 10 20 6 3 3 4 17 3 3 6 6 3 3 286 468 931 44 61 26 32 120 3 4 FA B PI C AT ED STRUCTURAL METAL...................................... SCREW MACHINE P R OD UC TS .................................................... OTHER F A B R I C A T E D METAL PRODUCTS ........................... E N G I N E S , T U R B I N E S , AND GENE RA TOR S..................... 17 35 76 7 9 28 4 8 14 48 3 435 1,3 7 7 1 ,27 5 159 27 102 114 21 12 PRODUCING I N DUS TR Y TOTAL MANPOWER I N S T I T U T I O N A L T R A I N I N G PROGRAM PROGRAM LI VIN G PURCHASES ALLOWANCES N AT I ONA L JAERONAUTICS AND SPA CE A D M I N I ST RA TI O N S PACE TOTA L SHUTTLE NASA FARM MACHI NERY........................................................................... C O NS T R U C T I O N , M I N I N G , AND O I L P I E L D M AC HI NE RY.............................................................................. M ATERI AL HANDLING EQUI PME NT........................ .. METALWORKING MACHI NERY............................................... S P E C I A L I NDUS TR Y MACHI NERY......................................... 2 1 1 23 2 5 5 36 15 3 2 8 6 2 3 28 9 98 98 1 ,327 156 7 8 130 8 GENERAL I N D U S T R I A L M ACHI NERY................................... MACHINE SHOP PR ODUC TS....................................................... COMPUTERS AND P E R IP H ER A L EQUI PMENT.................. T YP EW RI TE RS AND OTHER O F F I C E M A C H I N E S . . . . S E R V I C E I N D US T RY M AC HI NE S............................................ 20 26 8 28 12 7 10 3 1 4 13 16 5 27 8 624 3 ,382 3 ,3 7 5 98 127 62 373 127 4 7 E L E C T R I C T RA NS M I S S I O N E QUI PME NT.......................... E LE C T R I C I N D U S T R I A L A P P A R A T U S ................................ HOUSEHOLD A P P L I A N C E S .......................................................... E L E C T P I C L I G H T I N G AND W I R I N G .................................... R AD I O AND T E L E V I S I O N S E T S ............................................ 22 37 32 19 23 6 12 29 8 16 16 25 3 11 7 2 ,1 5 4 836 94 777 12 1 63 50 5 49 6 TELEPHONE AND TELEGRAPH A PP A R A T U S ..................... OTHER E LE C TR O NI C COMMUNICATION E QUI PME NT. ELE CTR ONI C COMPONENTS........................................................ OTHER E L E C T R I C A L MACHI NERY......................................... MOTOR V E H I C L E S ............................................................................ 8 6 35 14 60 5 2 19 Q 49 3 4 16 5 11 528 9,015 4,8 9 1 261 174 22 319 268 16 4 A I R C R A F T ............................................................................................. S H I P AND BOAT B U I L D I N G AND P E P A T p ..................... R A I L R OA D AND OTHER TRA NS POR TA TI ON EQUI PME NT................................ MI SCELLANEOUS T RA NS POR TA TI ON E Q U I P M E N T . . . S C I E N T I F I C AND CONTROLLI NG I N S T R U M E N T S . . . 9 5 6 4 3 1 2 4 ,3 7 3 108 2 ,7 5 0 6 4 20 3 6 1 14 29 4 2 ,9 6 0 3 250 MEDICAL AND DENTAL I NS T RU ME NT S............................. O P T I C A L AND OPHTHALMIC E QUI PME NT........................ PHOTOGRAPHI C EQUIPMENT AND S U P P L I E S . . . . . . . MI SCELLANEOUS MANUFACTURED PR ODUC TS ............... R A ILR OA D T R A N S P O R T A T I O N .................................................. 14 6 21 57 205 6 1 7 29 180 8 5 14 28 25 299 1,019 459 281 861 3 b 21 19 60 LOCAL T F A N S I T AND I N T E R C I T Y B U S .......................... TRUCK T R A N S P O R T A T I O N .......................................................... WATER T R A N S P O R T A T I O N .......................................................... a i r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n ................................................................ o t h e r t r a n s p o r t a t i o n .......................................................... 656 203 47 41 21 618 162 43 26 16 38 41 4 15 5 438 1 ,570 113 1,405 185 30 109 6 71 10 C OM M UN I CA TI O NS , EX CE PT RADI O AND T V .................. R ADI O AND T V B R O A D CA S T I N G............................................ E L E C T R I C U T I L I T I E S ................................................................ GAS U T I L I T I E S .............................................................................. WATER AND S A NI T A RY S E R V I C E S ...................................... 207 30 96 76 24 153 24 69 54 15 54 6 27 22 9 2 ,872 185 862 214 99 130 9 49 19 7 WHOLESALE T R A D E ........................................................................ P E ^ A I L T R A D E ................................................................................. F I N A N C E ............................................................................................... I N S U R A N C E ...................................... ................................................... OWNER“ OC C UP I ED DW EL LI N GS ............................................... 1,0 9 7 2 ,4 0 5 139 288 906 2,3 3 3 112 238 191 72 27 50 5 ,222 3,3 3 2 1 ,175 1 ,063 344 225 79 71 - - “ “ ~ OTHER REAL E S T A T E ................................................................... HOTELS AND LODGING P L A C E S ............................................ OTHER PERSONAL S E R V I C E S .................................................. MI SCELLANEOUS B US I N E S S S E R V I C E S ........................... A D V E R T I S I N G .................................................................................... 280 96 489 427 29 229 77 4 69 204 24 51 19 20 223 5 1 ,097 1,366 1,5 8 3 1 2,122 144 56 90 73 898 9 MI SCELLANEOUS P R O F E S S I O N A 1 S E R V I C E S ............... AUTOMOBILE R E P A I R ................................................................... MOTION P I C T U R E S ......................................................................... OTHER AMUSEMENTS...................................................................... HEALTH S E R V I C E S EXCEPT H O S P I T A L S ........................ 154 62 65 51 183 111 46 32 45 179 43 16 33 6 4 5 ,300 604 509 180 145 204 38 20 11 7 H O S P I T A L S .......................................................................................... EDUCATI ONAL S E R V I C E S .......................................................... NONPROFIT O R G A N I Z A T I O N S .................................................. POST O F F I C E .................................................................................... COMMODITY C R E D I T C O RP OR A TI O N.................................... 314 303 253 164 313 17 245 108 1 28 6 8 56 96 1 8 ,254 3 ,1 9 1 1,837 110 33 8 114 - ” “ ~ “ OTHER FEDERAL E N T E R P R I S E S ............................................ STATE AND LOCAL GOVERNMENT E N T E R P R I S E S . . . D I R E CT L Y ALLOCATED I M P O R T S ......................................... TRANSFERRED I M P O R T S ............................................................. B U S I N E S S T R A V E L , ENTERTAI NMENT, AND G I F T S O F F I C E S U P P L I E S ........................................................................ 30 214 - 25 175 - 5 39 - 193 994 - 8 55 - “ “ — Denotes no employment. 1 Based on factors for hospital construction in Fact book for Esti mating the Manpower Needs of Federal Programs, Bulletin 1832 (Bureau “ - U of Labor Statistics, 1975). 2 Employment generated by a standard pattern of personal consumption expenditures. VETERANS A DM INI S T RATI ON EEALTH CAR E NA TI ONA L I N S T I T U T E S OF HEA LTH D I RE C T OPERATI ONS EXTRAMURAL P ROGRAM C ONSTRUCTI ON NIH GRANTS S TA FF D I RE CT INDIRECT INDIRECT OCCUPATI ON IN DI RECT TOTAL 159,150 111,700 47,4 5 0 1 15,750 5 6 ,9 1 0 31 ,1 0 0 10,770 11,610 5 , 350 AND TEC HNI CA L W O R K E R S . . . 66 ,0 5 0 5 7 ,4 4 0 8 ,6 1 0 6 ,650 4 4 ,7 4 0 5 ,120 86 0 5 ,2 1 0 72 0 E N G I N E E R S , T E C H N I C A L ...................................... E NG I NE E RS , A E R O - A S T R O N A U T I C A L . . . E NG I NE E R S , C H E M I CA L ................................... E NG I NE E RS , C I V I L ............................................ E NG I NE E RS , E L E C T R I C A L ............................. E N GI N EE R S, I N D U S T R I A L ............................. E NG I NE E R S , MECHANI CAL.............................. E N G I NE E RS , M E T A L L UR G I CA L..................... E N G I N E E R S , M I N I N G ......................................... E NG I NE E RS , PE TROLEUM................................ E NG I NE E R S , S A L E S ............................................ E NG I NE E RS , O TH ER ............................................ 780 * 60 * NA NA NA * * 730 ♦ 60 ♦ 220 120 110 * * * * 1,490 * 70 1 80 460 150 19 0 * * * * 530 * * 520 * * * 200 * * 160 90 80 * - 12 0 370 210 60 230 80 * * * * * * 150 90 * * * 100 * NA 50 * * * * * L I F E AND P H Y SI C A L S C I E N T I S T S ............... A GRI CULTURAL S C I E N T I S T S ........................ A TM OS PH ER IC , SPA CE S C I E N T I S T S . . . B I O L O G I C A L S C I E N T I S T S ............................. C H E M I S T S ................................................................... G E O L O G I S T S ............................................................. MARINE S C I E N T I S T S ......................................... P H Y S I C I S T S AND ASTRONOMERS............... L I F E , P H YS I CA L S C I E N T I S T S N E C . . . 2,1 1 0 * * 1,2 7 0 * - 790 * * 5 ,110 * * 170 4 80 * * * * 3 ,250 5,5 1 0 * * NA * 460 730 60 * 130 80 - * * * * 2 ,200 * - 63 0 1 ,2 1 0 * * 2 2 ,7 4 0 2 ,610 4 , 820 1 ,4 4 0 13 ,8 7 0 * * * * * * MATHEMATICAL S P E C I A L I S T S .......................... A C T U A R I E S ................................................................ MATHE MA TI CI ANS .................................................. S T A T I S T I C I A N S .................................................... * _ 80 510 420 * 380 - * * * * * * * * * 160 * 110 * * 790 130 790 6 ,050 1 4,310 470 170 1 ,020 90 180 80 180 - 180 80 180 4 ,1 5 0 80 290 13,430 * 60 150 * 90 700 * * * * 180 60 120 580 370 90 * 80 * * - * - - * - * - - * - TOTAL TOTAL, ALL O C C U P A T I O N S ......................................... PR OF ES SI O NA L E NGI NEERI NG AND S C IE NC E T E C H N I C I A N S ................................................. AGRI CULTURAL AND B I O L O G I C A L T E C H N I C I A N S ................................................. CHEMICAL T E C H N I C I A N S ................................ D R A F T E R S ................................................................... E L E C TR I CA L AND E LE CTR ONI C T E C H N I C I A N S .................................................. I N D U S T R I A L E NGI NEERI NG T E C H N I C I A N S ................................................. MATHEMATICAL T E C H N I C I A N S .................... MECHANICAL E NGI NEERI NG T E C H N I C I A N S ................................................. S UR VE YO R S................................................................ E NGI NEERI NG AND S CI EN C E TECHNI CTANS N EC ...................................... MEDICAL WORKERS, EXCEPT T E C H N I C I A N S ................................................. C H IR O P R A C T O R S .................................................... D E N T I S T S .................................................................. D I E T I T I A N S ............................................................. O P T O M E T R I S T S ....................................................... P H A R M A C I S T S .......................................................... P H Y S I C I A N S , MD O S T E O PA TH S.................. P O D I A T R I S T S ................................................. . . . r e g i s t e r e d n u r s e s ........................................ T H E R A P I S T S ............................................................. V E T E R I N A R I A N S .................................................... OTHER MEDICAL AND HEALTH WORKERS............................................................. HEALTH T EC HNOLOGI STS AND T E C H N I C I A N S ................................................. C L I N I C A L LA B T E C H N I C I A N S .................... DENTAL H Y G I E N I S T S ......................................... HEALTH RECORD T E C H N I C I A N S .................. R A DI O L O G I C T EC HNOLOGI STS AND T E C H N I C I A N S ................................................. THERAPY A S S I S T A N T S ...................................... OTHER HEALTH TE CH NOLOGI STS AND T EC H N I C I A N S N E C...................................... D I RE CT * * * * * * * - 610 580 * 960 * * ♦ * * * - ♦ * * ~ * * - * * * * - * ♦ * * - * * 270 70 200 900 490 130 * 230 ♦ 51 , 3 6 1 * 49,361 1 ,1 0 0 1 ,000 ♦ 2,0 0 0 * 3,560 * 16 0 140 * 960 * ♦ * 50 210 * 520 * 110 * * * - 710 120 * * 380 ♦ * 17 0 * * * * ♦ NA 1 4 ,650 * 450 * 380 * * 90 350 * 2,3 8 0 90 180 1 ,700 90 * 80 1 ,440 * * 1 ,0 1 0 * .* * 20,5 3 0 * * 950 14,200 2 0 ,1 5 0 * NA 4 ,210 * 130 * - 8,5 9 0 170 160 * 7 ,4 9 0 1,100 170 160 * 3 ,250 2,4 9 0 80 * 2 ,480 2,2 3 0 80 - 540 110 * * * 220 430 170 - * 370 90 90 * ~ - * * * * * NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 200 120 70 * 1 ,090 NA NA NA 110 60 * 1,2 2 0 60 1 ,090 “ * 720 - - 90 T E C H N I C A N S , EXCEPT HEALTH........................ A IR PL AN E P I L O T S ............................................... a ir t r a f f ic c o n t r o l l e r s ........................ EMBALMERS................................................................ flig h t e n g i n e e r s ............................................ R ADI O O P E RA TO RS ............................................... TOOL PROGRAMMERS, NU ME RI CA L............ OTHER TECHNI CANS EXCEPT H E A L T H . . * * * * 930 - 930 * 930 COMPUTER S P E C I A L I S T S ...................................... COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS................................ COMPUTER SYSTEMS A N A L Y S T S .................. OTHER COMPUTER S P E C I A L I S T S ............... 200 120 70 * - S O C I A L S C I E N T I S T S ............................................... E C ONOM IS TS ............................................................. P O L I T I C A L S C I E N T I S T S ................................ 11 0 60 * 590 * * - 2 ,110 NA * | 1,500 4,8 3 0 ! - “ NA - 720 - 60 * * * * 90 - - 210 140 - - - * * * * - - 60 - - * * 60 * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA - NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3 00 NA NA NA * - * NA NA NA - NA NA NA - 60 * * * 50 ♦ * ♦ - - - - 720 NA NA NA - “ VETERANS A DM I N I ST R A T I O N HEALTH CARE OCCUPATI ON DI RE CT TOTAL 1 ,080 * * * * * * * 510 * * * - 510 * * 780 NA NA NA * * * * * * * _ * * * * * * * 60 * * NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA * NA NA NA NA 1,800 * ♦ * 1 ,800 - T E A CH E RS ........................................................................ ADULT E D UC A T I O N .............................................. A G R I CU LT UR E .......................................................... A RT , DRAMA, M U S I C ......................................... A TM O SP H ER IC , E AR TH , AND MARINE S C I E N C E ......................................... B I O L O G Y ..................................................................... B U S I N E S S , COMMERCE...................................... C H E M I S T R Y ................................................................ COACHES, P H Y S I C A L E DU CA TI O N............ ECONOMI CS ................................................................ E DUC A TI ON................................................................ ELEMENTARY S CHOOL......................................... E N G I N EE R I NG .......................................................... E N G L I S H ...................................................................... FOREI GN LANGUAGE................................... HEALTH S P E C I A L T I E S ...................................... H I S T O R Y ..................................................................... HOME E C ONOM IC S................................................. LAW................................................................................. MA THE MA TI CS .......................................................... P H Y S I C S ..................................................................... PR ES CHOOL, KI NDE RGA RTE N....................... P SYCHOLOGY............................................................. SECONDARY S CHOOL............................................ S O C I O L O G Y ................................................................ S O C IA L S CI EN C E TEACHERS N EC............ MI SCELLANEOUS COLLEGE AND U N I V E R S I T Y T EA CH ER S........................... COLLEGE AND U N I V E R S I T Y TEACHERS NEC............................................... T HE OLOGY................................................................... TR A DE , I N D U S T R I A L ......................................... TEACHERS NEC, EXCEPT COLLEGE AND U N I V E R S I T Y ......................................... W R I T ER S , A R T I S T S , E N T E R T A I N E R S . . . . A C T OR S ........................................................................ ATHLETES AND KINDRED W O R K E R S . . . . AUTHORS...................................................................... DANCERS...................................................................... D E S I G N E R S ....................................................... .. . . E DI TOR S AND R EP OR TE R S............................. M U SI C IA N S AND COMPOS ERS ........................ P A I N T E R S AND S C U L P T O R S .......................... PHOTOGRAPHERS.................................................... PUB LI C R E LA TI ONS WORKERS AND W R I T E R S ............................................................. R A D I O , TV ANNOUNCERS................................ W R I T E R S , A R T I S T S , AND E NTE RTA INE RS N EC................................... OTHER P R OF ES SI O NA L AND TE CHNI CA L WORKERS............................................................. ACCOUNTANTS.......................................................... A R C H I T E C T S ............................................................. A R C H I V I S T S AND CUR ATOR S........................ C LE R GY........................................................................ R E L I G O U S , EXCEPT CLE RGY....................... FARM MANAGEMENT A D V I S O R S ..................... F OR E S T E R S , C O N S E R V A T I O N I S T S ............ HOME MANAGEMENT A D V I S O R S ..................... J U D G E S........................................................................ L A WY E RS ..................................................................... L I B R A R I A N S ............................................................. O P E R A T I O N S , SYSTEMS R E S E A R C H . . . . PERSONNEL, LABOR R E L A T I O N S ............... RESEARCH WORKERS N EC................................ R EC REATI ON WORKERS...................................... S O C I A L WORKERS................................................. V OCATI ONAL COUNSE LOR S............................. 90 * * * * * * * * * - - - 60 * * - * _ 60 * * * * 60 * _ * NA NA NA NA NA NA ♦ NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA * * NA NA NA 7 30 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA * - - ~ - 150 - 150 NA NA NA NA NA NA 790 * * 140 * 1,210 * * * * 100 130 * 420 40 * * * * 70 230 - - 80 * * ♦ * * * * 790 * * 1 AO * 90 m o 50 * 200 200 - * - 200 _ 90 140 50 * * ! - 80 300 170 70 100 * 60 * * ♦ * * * * * 90 80 * 240 * 60 - * * * ♦ 120 - - * * 160 - 160 260 190 * * * * 7 ,0 0 0 320 * * 800 * * * * 5,390 * - 930 290 * * 50 * * * ♦ 330 140 * ♦ 460 60 * 150 50 * 350 - 2,860 14 0 220 540 *r0 * 80 * * * * 240 360 60 320 360 90 ♦ 340 - 1 ,610 320 * * * * * * * 50 * 60 190 370 * 80 * 50 350 60 190 370 NA 3 ,0 0 0 - 800 - - - - B UY E RS , S ALES AND LOAN M A N A G E R S . . . BANK, F I N A N C I A L MANAGERS..................... C RE DI T MANAGERS............................................... B UY E RS , S H I P P E R S , FARM PRODUCTS. B U Y E R S , WHOLESALE, R E T A I L .................. PURCHASI NG AGENTS , BUYERS N E C . . . S ALES MANAGERS, R E T A I L T R A D E . . . . SALES MANAGERS, EXCEPT R E T A I L TR A DE ............................................... 580 130 * * _ 580 130 * * 50 120 * 230 - - - - - - 120 * * 230 - 50 50 “ “ 3 ,890 * * * ♦ ♦ * 830 AND * ~ * * 1 ,040 50 * * * 4 ,720 OFFICIALS, 70 90 * ♦ * * * * P RO P R I E T O R S . MANAGERS, TOTAL INDIRECT P S Y C H O L O G I S T S .................................................... S O C I O L O G I S T S ....................................................... URBAN AND REGI ONAL PLA NNE RS............ OTHER S O C I A L S C I E N T I S T S ........................ NATI ONAL I N S T I T U T E S OF HEALTH D I R E C T O P E R A TI O NS EXTRAMURAL PIJOGRAM CONSTRUCTI ON NIH INDIR ECT STAFF D I R E CT INDIRECT GRANTS 5,690 - 50 12 0 * 710 NA NA NA NA NA NA _ 230 NA - * 180 - 160 100 ♦ * * 2 ,850 - * 100 * * * * - - * - * * - * - * * * * * * * * 80 - - 90 190 * - - - “ ~ ~ 1 ,0 6 0 1 ,1 5 0 460 * - 500 NA NA NA NA NA NA 130 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 80 NA NA NA NA NA NA _ NA NA NA NA - - VETERANS A D M I N I S T R A T I O N HEALTH CARE OCCUPATI ON TOTAL PUBLIC ADM INISTRATORS, INSPECTORS. A S S E S S O R S , C O NT RO L L E R S , AND T R E A S U R E R S .................................................... CONSTRUCTI ON I N S P E C T O R S ........................ HEALTH A D M I N I S T R A T O R S ............................. I N S P E C T O R S , EXC EPT P UB 1 I C C O NS T R U C T I O N ............................................... PU BL I C A D M I NI S T R AT O RS AND O F F I C I A L S N E C ............................................ POSTMASTERS AND MAI L S U P E R V I S O R S .................................................. SCHOOL A D M I N I S T R A T O R S , C O L L E G E . . SCHOOL A D M I N I S T R A T O R S , ELEMENTARY AND SEC ONDA RY............ OTHER MANAGERS, O F F I C I A L S , AND P R O P R I E T O R S .................................................. FUNERAL D I R E C T O R S ......................................... MANAGERS AND B U I L D I N G S UP ER I NT EN DE N TS ...................................... O F F I C E MANAGERS N E C................................... O F F I C E R S , P I L O T S , P U RS E R S , S H I P . O F F I C I A L S OF L O D G E S , U N I O N S ............ RAI LR OA D CONDUCTORS................................... R ES T AUR A NT , C A F E , BAR M A NA GE RS .. OTHER MANAGERS, A D M I N I S T R A T O R S . . SALES WORKERS.......................................................... A D V E R T I S I N G AGENTS AND SALES WORKERS........................................... A UC TI O NE E RS .......................................................... d e m o n s t r a t o r s .................................................... HUCKSTERS AND PE DD LE R S.......................... I NSURANCE A GE NT S , BROKE RS , AND UNDERWRI TERS............................................... NEWSPAPER C A R R I E R S AND V E N D O R S . . REAL E S T A T E A G EN TS , BR OKE RS............ STOCK AND BOND S A L ES A GE NTS ............ SALES R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S , MFG............... SALES R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S , WHOLESALE T R A D E ...................................... SALES C L E R K S , R E T A I L T P A D E ............... SALES WORKERS, R E T A I L T P A D E , EXCEPT C L E R K S ................................................. SALES WORKERS, S E RV I C E AND C O NS T R UC T I O N .............................................. CLERICAL WORKERS.......................................................... STE NOGR APHE RS , T Y P I S T S , AND S E C R E T A R I E S ................................................. S E C R E T A R I E S , L E G A L ...................................... S E C R E T A R I E S , M E D I C A L ................................ S E C R E T A R I E S , O T H E P ...................................... STE NOGR APHE RS.................................................... T Y P I S T S ...................................................................... O F F I C E MACHINE O P E R A T O R S . . . . . . . . BOOKKE EPI NG, B I L L I N G O P E R A T O R S . . CALC ULA TI NG MACHINE O P E R A T O R S . . . COMPUTER, P ER I PH ER AL EQUIPMENT O P E R A T O R S ....................................................... D U P L I C A T I N G MACHINE O P E R A T O R S . . . KEYPUNCH O P E R A T O R S ...................................... T ABULATI NG MACHINE OPE RA TO RS -------OTHER O F F I C E MACHINE O P E R A T O R S . . OTHER C L E R I C A L WORKERS................................ BANK T E L L E R S ....................................................... B I L L I N G C L E R K S ................................................. BOOKKE EPE RS .......................................................... C A S H I E R S .......................................................... .. CLERICAL A S S I S T A N T S , SOCIAL * WELFARE............................................................. C L E R I C A L S UP E R V I S O R S N E C ..................... C O L L E C T O R S , B I L L AND A C C O U N T . . . . COUNTER C L E R KS , EXCEPT F O O D . . . . . DISP ATC HERS, ST ARTE RS, V E H I C L E .. ENUMERATORS AND I N T E R V I E W E R S . . . . ESTIMATORS , INVESTIGATORS N E C . . . E X P E D I T E R S , PRODUCE CONTR OLLE RS . F I L E C L E R K S .......................................................... I NS URANCE A D J U S T E R S , E X A M I N E R S . . L I B R A R Y A TT ENDA NT S, A S S I S T A N T . . . H AI L C A R R I E R S , POS T O F F I C E ............... HAI L HA NDLE RS , ECEPT POST O F F I C E ................................................. MESSENGERS AND O F F I C E H E L P E R S . . . INDIRECT D I RE CT 310 130 170 ♦ - * NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA _ 80 NA NA NA - NA NA NA 140 _ 140 _ _ _ 80 - * * _ _ _ TOTAL NA TI ONAL I N S T I T U T E S OF HE1 LTH D I R E C T O P ER A TI O NS EXTRAMURAL PIROGPAM NIH CONSTRUCTI ON STA FF GRANTS INDIR ECT INDIRECT D I R E CT * NA NA NA NA _ NA * NA NA NA NA _ NA _ * * - * * NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA - NA NA * - * NA NA NA NA - NA 3,1 7 0 * - 3 ,170 * 4 ,6 7 0 NA 50 NA 2,180 NA 930 NA 1,150 NA 370 NA 50 220 * - 50 220 * 830 210 2,4 5 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA - 1,5 3 0 220 * 210 3,2 8 0 1 ,530 60 * * * 100 * _ _ - - _ - 220 * 2 ,5 5 0 60 * * * NA NA NA NA 100 * 130 * 4 60 NA NA NA NA NA - _ - _ - 410 - 220 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA _ - NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA - 1 ,920 _ NA NA NA NA NA 130 * 460 - 530 * 530 ♦ NA NA - NA NA NA NA _ - - NA NA _ _ _ NA _ NA NA - NA 150 - 150 NA - NA NA - NA 1 4 ,810 6 ,360 8 ,4 5 0 1 8 ,750 7 ,2 3 0 6,000 1,4 4 0 3 ,040 1,0 4 0 4 ,190 - 2 ,9 1 0 * 1 0,550 NA NA NA NA NA 660 NA NA 6,4 7 0 NA NA NA NA NA 50 NA NA 1,8 4 0 NA NA NA NA NA 380 NA NA 450 NA NA NA NA NA 70 NA NA 1,490 NA NA NA NA NA 110 NA NA 300 NA NA NA NA NA 50 NA NA 180 * * NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 5 ,160 70 90 940 150 7 ,540 NA NA NA NA 710 NA NA NA NA 3 ,780 NA NA NA NA 920 NA NA NA NA 1 ,4 4 0 NA NA NA NA 690 NA NA NA NA * NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 7 ,100 ♦ 120 2,180 60 550 810 * * 90 ♦ 180 * * 5 ,160 70 90 94 0 150 * 90 * 130 70 ♦ 180 140 150 * * 220 90 * _ 440 - _ * - * * - _ 120 2,1 8 0 60 550 370 * * 90 * - 90 * 130 70 ♦ 180 140 150 ♦ * - 220 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 90 * NA NA - - _ - _ na VETERANS AD M IN IST R A T IO N HEA LTH NATIONAL CARE I N S T IT U T E S OF HEALTH E X T R A M UR A L OCCUPATION TOTA L METER R E A D E R S , U T I L I T I E S ........................ P A Y R O L L , T I M E K E E P I N G C L E R K S .............. P O S T A L C L E R K S .............. ............................................. P R O O F R E A D E R S ............................................................... R E A L E S T A T E A P P R A I S E R S .............................. CRAFT INDIRECT DIRECT * _ ♦ NA 100 - 100 NA 260 * NA NA 260 * * R E C E P T I O N I S T S ............................................................ S H I P P I N G , R E C E I V I N G C L E R K S ................. S T A T I S T I C A L C L E R K S ........................................... 640 310 160 S T O C K C L E R K S , S T O R E K E E P E R S ................. TEACHE R A I D E S , E X C E P T M O N I T O R S . . telegraph m e s s e n g e r s .................................... T E L E G P A P H O P E R A T O R S ....................................... T E L E P H O N E O P E R A T O R S . . . . ........................... TIC KE T STATIO N EXPRESS A G E N T S . . . - ! * - 640 310 160 250 * - 250 * * * - * * DIRECT TOTAL I | ! i NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ! ! | NA NA ! NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ! ! NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ! NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3,56 0 I 280 90 * 2 ,19 0 1,70 0 490 W O R K E R S .................... ....................................................... 7,52 0 450 7,07 0 8,35 0 320 2,230 * 2,2 3 0 3,20 0 * * 680 * C A R P E N T E R S ..................................................................... CARPENTERS' A P P R E N T I C E S ........................... B B I C K M A S O N S AND S T O N E M A S O N S . . . . . NA * A P P R E N T IC E S ... 150 * * * E L E C T R I C I A N S ............................................................... E L E C TR IC IA N S' A P P R E N T I C E S .................... E X C A V A T I N G , G R A D I N G , MACH INE NA * O P E R A T O R S ............................................................... FLOOR L A Y E R S , E XC E F T t i l e s e t t e r s ........................................................ 80 STONEMASON p a in t e r s , C O N S T R U C T I O N AND ........................................................ m a in te n a n c e PAINTERS' A P P R E N T I C E S ................................. P A P E R H A N G E R S ........................................ ...................... P L A S T E R E R S ........................... ......................... ............... PLASTERERS’ PLUMBERS A P P R E N T I C E S ........................... A ND * * - _ _ 150 * * * NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 360 * NA NA NA NA NA NA 80 NA NA 740 NA NA NA NA NA NA | I NA NA i NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 3 ,37 0 370 740 2,14 0 NA NA NA NA 160 NA NA NA 150 NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA * NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA * 330 * * * * NA * * * * - - - NA NA NA NA NA 300 NA NA * NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA * 560 56 0 * 120 400 NA NA * NA NA 80 NA NA ! j - B L U E - C O L L A R WORKER S U P E R V I S O R S N E C ........................................... 950 - 950 E X C L U D I N G M E C H A N I C S ..................... B L A C K S M I T H S .................................................................. B C I L E R M A K E R S .............................................................. H EA T T R E A T E R S , A N N E A L E R S , AND 670 * * * 670 * * 960 NA NA 180 400 - NA NA NA NA T E M P E R E R S ............................................................... F O R G E A ND HAMMER O P E R A T O R S ................. * * * * NA NA NA NA 50 230 * NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA * NA NA NA NA NA 70 60 * _ - 1,01 0 NA NA NA NA NA WORKER S M E T A L ................. 50 M A C H I N I S T S ..................................................................... M A C H I N I S T S ' A P P R E N T I C E S ........................... M I L L W R I G H T S .................................................................. H O L D E R S , M E T A L ........................................................ H O L D E R S ' A P P R E N T I C E S .................................... P A T T E R N AND MODEL M A K E R S ....................... 230 * DIE NA NA NA 70 60 * A ND NA NA NA NA NA NA NA JOB NA NA NA NA P I P E F I T T E P S ....................... CRAFT NA NA NA NA P L U M B E R S ' AND P I P E F I T T E R S ' A P P R E N T I C E S ........................................................ R O O F E R S AND S L A T E R S ........................................ S T R U C T U R A L ME TA L W O R K E R S ........................ T I L E S E T T E R S .................................................................. MET ALWORKING NA NA I B U L L D O Z E R O P E R A T O R S ........................................ CE ME NT AND C O N C R E T E F I N I S H E R S . . . BRICK, TNDTP.ECT ; - W O R K E R S ....................... () P E R A T I O N S NA 280 90 * CRAFT DIRECT NIH STAFF NA W E I S H T E R S ............................................................... M IS C E LL A N EO U S C L E R I C A L WO RK ER S N E C ........................................................ CONSTRUCTION P R O G RA M Ic o n st r u c t io n ;j GRANTS in d ir e c t SETTEES, 50 * * * R O L L E R S AND F I N I S H E R S , M E T A L --------S H E E T M E T AL W O R K E R S , T I N S M I T H S . . SHEET METAL A P P R E N T I C E S . . . . . . . . . 100 ♦ TOOL, TOOL, 110 ♦ D T E M A K E R S .................................................. D I E M A K E R A P P R E N T I C E S ................. _ * 50 * * * * - 100 * 110 * ; NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA MECHAN ICS, R E P A IR E R S , IN S T A L L E R S .. A I R C O N D I T I O N I N G , H E A D I N G , AND 1,4 7 0 210 1,470 1,62 0 120 940 330 80 160 R E F R I G E R A T I O N .............................................. A I R C R A F T M E C H A N I C S ........................... ............... ♦ - 90 50 * NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA A U TO ACCESSORIES I N S T A L L E R S .............. 90 50 * AUTO AUTO A UTO B O D Y R E P A I R E R S ........................................ M E C H A N I C S . . . .............................................. M E C H A N I C S ' A P P R E N T I C E S .............. 50 320 * DATA PROCESSING MACHINE R E P A I R E R S . . ....................................................... FARM I M P L E M E N T M E C H A N I C S ....................... * * HE AV Y E Q U I P M E N T M E C H A N I C S I N C L U D I N G D I E S E L .................................... H O US E H O L D A P P L I A N C E M E C H A N I C S . . . LOOM F I X E R S ........................................................... ... O F F I C E M A C H I N E R E P A I R E R S ........................ 460 70 * R E P A I R E R S .............. 80 * * M E C H A N I C S , E X C L U D I N G A UTO A P P R E N T I C E S ........................................................ * RADIO , TV RAILROAD R E P A I R E R S ....................................... CAR SH OP - _ - _ * NA NA 50 320 * NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA * * NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 460 70 * NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA * 80 * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA - * NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA ! NA VETERANS N ATION AL A D M IN IST RA T IO N IEALTH IN ST ITU TE S E X T !PAMURAL CARE OCCU PATION DIRECT TOTAL OTHER H EC H A N IC S PR IN TIN G CRAFT AND R E P A IR E R S ... W O R K E R S ........................................... B O O K B I N D E R S ............................................................................. CO M PO SITO RS AND T Y P E S E T T E R S ................ BLECTROTYPERS, ENGRAYERS S T E R E O T Y P E P S ................ NA NA NA NA NA _ 340 * 450 NA 2 9 0 ♦ * NA - NA NA NA NA 140 * NA - NA NA NA NA NA - NA NA NA NA - 140 * - 8 0 NA - NA NA NA NA NA - NA j NA NA NA 120 ♦ * 120 * NA - NA j NA NA NA - NA - NA NA NA NA * - ♦ NA - NA NA NA NA 3 8 0 310 1 60 9 0 A P P R E N T IC E S, EXCEPT O P E R A T O R S .................................................. P U B L IC U T IL IT Y W O R K E R S .......................................................... LIN E 380 IN STALLERS _ _ NA NA _ _ 60 NA - - NA NA H E L P E R S ... * - * NA - NA NA - NA O P E R A T O R S ............................... ♦ - ♦ NA - NA NA - NA 2 2 0 - 220 NA - NA NA - NA * - * NA - NA NA - NA LO CO M O TIV E E N G I N E E R S .......................................... LO C O M O T IV E E N G IN E E RS' TELEPHONE IN ST A L LE R S, TE LE PH IN E LIN E R E PA IR E R S. 80 * NA _ _ 80 * R E P A I R E R S .......................................................... ST A TIO N NA 210 * PRIN TIN G PO W ER IN D IRE C T 2 0 0 * A P P R E N T I C E S .................... AND C3 P E R A T I O H S - O P E R A T O R S ........................... POWER N IH STAFF - PRESS CRAFT D IR EC T GRANTS * PRESS E L E C T R IC IN D IRE C T * PR IN TIN G TRAN SPO RTATIO N , D IR EC T PHOTOENGRAVERS. PR IN TIN G PRESS 340 ♦ TOTAL HEALTH CON STRU CTION L IT H O G R A P H E R S ... EXCEPT PHOTOENGRAVERS, 21 0 IN D IRECT OF P iIO G R A H NA - NA IN STALLE R S, S P L I C E R S ............................................................................ W O R K E R S ...................................................... 1 ,0 3 0 2 1 0 * 4 60 190 * 90 NA 1 7 0 1 ,0 3 0 * 800 B A K E R S ................................................................................................ NA NA NA NA NA NA C A B I N E T M A K E R S ..................................................................... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA 90 ♦ - 90 NA NA NA NA NA NA - * NA NA NA NA NA NA - NA OTHER CRAFT CARPET I N S T A L L E R S ..................................................... CRANE, D E R R IC K , DECORATORS, H O IST W INDOW OPERATORS. D R E S S E R S ................ 150 ♦ NA NA NA NA - 150 * NA F IN IS H E R S .... NA NA NA NA NA NA F U R R I E R S ........................................................................................ - - - NA NA NA NA NA G L A Z I E R S ........................................................................................ * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA IN SPEC TO RS, LOG L U M B E R .................... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA IN SPE C TO R S, O T H E R ...................................................... 60 - 60 NA NA NA NA NA NA W A T C H M A K E R S ........................... 60 - NA NA DENTAL LABORATORY F U R N ITU R E AND JEW ELERS AND M ILLE R S, G R A IN , M OTION PICTU RE O P TIC IA N S, T E C H N IC IA N S ... W OOD AND NA 60 NA NA NA NA F E E D ................ * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA P R O J E C T IO N IS T S ... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA FLOUR, LENS G RIN D ERS, AND _ 140 * NA NA NA - 140 * NA R E P A IR E R S .. NA NA NA NA NA NA S H I P F I T T E R S ............................................................................. * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA SHOE R E P A I R E R S ................................................................. ♦ - * NA NA NA NA NA NA SIGN PA IN TE R S P O L I S H E R S ......................................................................... PIAN O , ORGAN ST A TIO N A RY TUNERS, L E T T E R E R S ................ * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA E N G I N E E R S ........................................... 120 * - 120 * NA NA NA NA NA NA AND - NA NA NA NA NA NA T A I L O R S ................................... ... .................................................... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA U P H O L S T E R E R S ......................................................................... 120 * 120 NA NA NA NA NA NA 50 * NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA STONE CUTTERS, STONE C A R V E R S .... N E C ... 50 * N E C ....................................... * - O P E R A T I V E S ................................................................................................... CRAFT AND CRAFT A PPR E N T IC E S K IN D RED WORKERS 9 ,2 1 0 2 2 0 8 ,9 9 0 8 ,7 2 0 - 5 ,3 1 0 2 ,0 7 0 3 3 0 1 ,0 1 0 OPER A TIV ES, EXCEPT T R A N S P O R T .................... 6 ,4 2 0 - 6 ,4 2 0 6 ,5 8 0 - 4 ,2 1 0 1 ,6 0 0 - 780 SE M IS K IL L E D M E T A L W O R K I N G ................................... 7U0 _ 74 0 910 - 45 0 3 8 0 - ° 0 50 - 50 NA - NA NA - NA D R ILL PRESS FURNACE O P E R A T I V E S ................................... TENDERS, SM ELTERS, * _ * NA _ NA NA GRIN D IN G M AC H IN E O P E R A T I V E S ................ 80 - - NA NA - NA M E T A L ................................................................. ♦ - 80 * NA HEATERS, NA - NA NA - NA 90 * NA NA _ NA NA - - NA NA - NA _ * NA _ NA NA _ NA AND LATHE P O U R E R S ................................................................. AND H IL L IN G M ACH IN E O P E R A T I V E S ..................................................................... M E T A L P L A T E R S ..................................................................... OTHER PR E C IS IO N STAM PIN G PRESS O P E R A T O R S .. S O L D E R E R S .................................................................................... WELDERS AND _ _ NA NA M AC H IN E O P E R A T O R S ..................................................................... PUNCH 90 * _ FLAME C U T T E R S ........................ T E X T IL E W O R K E R S ........................ L A PP IN G , C O M B I N G ........................ * 100 - 100 NA - NA NA - 50 - 50 NA - NA NA - NA 27 0 - 27 0 NA - NA NA “ NA 28 0 - NA - 80 * * * - 28 0 * 120 * NA - NA NA NA NA T O P P E R S .. * - * NA - NA NA NA NA W I N D E R S ................ 110 * - 110 * NA - NA NA NA NA W E A V E R S ............................................................................................ NA - NA NA NA NA OTHER 110 110 NA - NA NA NA NA SE M IS K IL L E D C A R D IN G , K N ITTERS, LOOPERS, SP IN N E R S , TW ISTE R S, T E X T IL E SE M ISK IL L E D AND O P E R A T I V E S ........................... PACKIN G AND GRADERS MEAT WRAPPERS, PACKERS, GROCERY OTHER O PERATIVES, NA * NA - NA NA - NA - - NA - NA NA - - 56 0 NA - NA NA - NA * - * NA ~ NA 4 ,2 1 0 * 2 1 0 4 ,2 1 0 * 53 0 1 9 0 * - - T R A D E ................ - M E A T .. 560 P A C K E R S ............................... R E TA IL EXCEPT 1 ,1 8 0 1 ,0 5 0 NA NA NA EXCEPT IN SU L A T IO N W O R K E R S .... A S S E M B L E R S ................................................................................ B L A S T E R S ........................................................................................ - ♦ T R A N S P O R T ......................................................................... ASBESTOS, NA M F G ............................ WRAPPERS, PRODUCE na 1 ,1 8 0 570 SORTERS, 140 190 - - EXCEPT . 7 2 0 NA 570 E XA M IN E R S, AND . MFG. I N S P E C T I N G ..................................................................... CHECKERS, - - - 7 9 0 * . 1 ,0 2 0 2 5 0 NA - NA NA NA NA - NA NA NA NA NA - NA NA NA NA 4 ,7 6 0 2 ,9 6 0 NA VETERANS N ATIO N AL A D M IN IST R A T IO N HE A L T H IN ST IT U T E S EXTRAMURAL CARE BO TTLIN G , C U TT IN G IN D IR E C T D IR EC T O P E R A T IV E S .... * _ ♦ NA - H E L P E R S .................................................. CAN N IN G H E IIL T H DIR EC T NA iP E R A T 1 0 N S C O N STR U C TIO N NIH GRANTS STAFF NA NA NA NA IN D IR E C T * - * NA - NA NA NA P P E S S E B S ... * - * NA - NA NA NA N E C ................................... - - NA NA NA NA - 180 * NA F A C T O R Y ................ 18 0 * NA - NA NA NA NA E A R T H ............................................................. - NA SURVEYORS' CLOTHIN G TOTAL IN D IRE C T DIRECT TOTAL OF PROGRAM OCCUPATION IBO NERS AND O PERATIVES DRESSMAKERS, EXCEPT NA * - * NA NA NA L A T H E R E R S .. * - * NA - NA NA NA NA D R Y E R S ............................................................................................... ♦ - * NA - NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA D RILLERS, DRY WALL IN STALLE R S, 100 NA * _ * NA _ _ * - * NA - NA ♦ 150 * NA _ NA NA NA NA - * NA - NA NA NA NA - - - NA - NA NA NA NA N E C .............................................. 110 O P E R A T I V E S ...................................................... F IL E R S, PO LISH ERS, SANDERS, AND. B U F F E R S ................................................................................ GARAGE WORKERS ST A TIO N LAUNDRY, AND D R YC LE A N IN G EXCEPT AND OPERATIVES. BUTCHERS M F G ................................................................. HEATCUTTERS, BUTCHERS, H F G .................... M I L L I N E R S .................................................................................... O PERATIVES M IX IN G O ILE R S, GREASERS, PAIN TE R S, - 110 NA - NA NA NA 70 - - NA NA NA NA * - 70 * NA A U T O ... NA - NA NA NA NA A R TIC L E S . 100 - 100 NA - NA NA NA W O R K E R S .... 60 * - 60 ♦ NA - NA NA NA NA NA - NA NA NA NA NA EXCEPT MANUFACTURED P H O T O G R A PH IC PROCESS R IV E T E R S F A S T E N E R S ................................... AND 100 GAS A T T E N D A N T S ....................................... HEATCUTTERS M IN E NA - NA NA * - * NA - NA NA NA S A W Y E R S ........................................................................................... 60 - 60 NA - NA NA NA S T I T C H E R S .......................................... 27 0 * - 270 * NA - NA NA NA NA NA - NA NA NA NA NA NA SA ILO R S SEWERS D E C K H A N D S ...................................... AN D AND SH O E M AK IN G M ACH IN E NA _ 50 NA _ NA NA 70 - 70 NA - NA NA NA O P E R A T O R .. 1 ,1 1 0 - 1 ,1 1 0 NA - NA NA NA NA N E C ................................................................. 84 0 60 840 NA " NA NA NA NA 250 * - 2 ,5 7 0 ♦ 1 ,1 1 0 4 7 0 70 230 O P E R A T O R S ................................................................. - * NA NA NA n a NA NA D R I V E R S ............................................................................ 60 0 - 600 NA NA NA NA NA NA TENDERS, EXECEPT W INDING OPER A TIV ES TRANSPORT BOAT STOKERS, M E T A L .......................................................... O PERATIVES M ISC E LL A N EO U S AND O P E R A T O R S ................ OPERATORS, _ * NA NA NA NA NA NA NA « 410 NA NA NA NA NA NA - NA NA NA NA NA N E C .................... - 170 * NA NA NA NA NA NA A T T E N D A N T S .................................................. ♦ - * NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA R A I L ..................................................................... AND FORK L IF T , R A IL V EH ICLE ROUTE TOW W O R K E R S .................... MOTOR O P E R A T O R S .. OPERATORS * 1 ,8 9 0 NA 170 * URBAN D E LIV ER Y PARKING N E C ................................... M AC H IN E EQUIPM EN T CONDUCTORS NA * _ NA NA NA O P E R A T O R S ........................ * - * NA NA NA NA NA C H A U F F E U R S ................ M O - 410 NA NA NA NA NA NA D R I V E R S . . ............................................................. 890 - 890 NA NA NA NA NA NA W O R K E R S ................................................................................ 5 1 ,6 3 0 4 6 ,0 0 0 5 ,6 3 0 6 ,5 8 0 900 4 ,0 8 0 3 8 0 7 1 0 530 _ 1 ,3 8 0 1 ,6 5 0 130 1 ,2 0 0 15 0 ♦ 170 110 NA NA NA NA NA NA R A ILR O A D AND BRAKE TRUCK OPERATORS C O U P L E R S ............................................................. R A ILR O A D TAXICAB SE R V IC E - 5 0 FURNACE BUS O P E R A T IV E S ... CLE A N IN G SW IT C H D RIVERS, S E R V IC E LO DGING W O R K E R S ................................... QUARTERS EXCEPT 1 ,3 8 0 CLEANERS, P R I V A T E ..................................................... 110 ♦ _ NA N E C .. 470 - 4 7 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA S E X T O N S .......................................... NA * 8 1 0 NA NA NA NA NA NA W O P K E R S .................................................. 1 5 ,5 7 0 1 4 ,1 5 0 1 ,4 2 0 1 ,7 2 0 90 1 ,3 6 0 150 * 100 b a r t e n d e r s ................................................................................ 110 - 110 NA NA NA NA NA NA 50 - 50 NA NA NA NA NA NA P R I V A T E ....................................... 2 ,4 9 0 390 NA NA NA NA NA NA D I S H W A S H E R S ............................................................................ 100 2 ,1 0 0 - 100 NA NA NA NA NA NA B U ILD IN G IN TE R IO R JA N ITO RS AND FOOD SE R V IC E W AITERS * COOKS, FOOD A S S I S T A N T S .............................................. EXCEPT W O R K E R S .. 90 - 90 NA NA NA NA NA NA W A I T R E S S E S .............................................. 510 - 510 NA NA NA NA NA NA 1 2 ,2 1 0 1 2 ,0 5 0 160 NA NA NA NA NA NA 3 1 ,8 4 0 2 ,0 1 0 6 8 0 * 5 6 0 140 1 ,0 4 0 COUNTER, W AITE R S, FOOD CLEANERS WORKERS FO UNTAIN NEC, EXCEPT P R I V A T E ................................................................................ W O R K E R S .......................................... 2 ,0 1 0 DENTAL A S S I S T A N T S ...................................................... 1 ,0 4 0 - HEALTH A ID E S , T R A I N E E S .............................................................. 1 ,1 1 0 * 97 0 HEALTH HEALTH LAY SE R V IC E EXCEPT N U R S IN G .... PERSONAL - - - * 90 100 - 27 0 * * - * - - - * NA - - - - - - 570 990 190 5 0 0 * 240 fO N U P S E S ......................................................... 31 ,1 0 0 3 0 ,8 4 0 260 76 0 4 0 0 2 9 0 570 _ 4 60 * SE R V IC E W O R K E R S ................................... A T T E N D A N T S ..................................................... F L IG H T * 480 5 7 0 A ID E S , PR A C TICA L 140 ♦ 9 1 0 * O R D E R L I E S ........................... M I D W I V E S ......................................................................... NURSES* - 2 ,2 9 0 ATTENDANTS, RECREATION - 50 - 580 * NA - NA NA * _ * NA - NA NA * 580 ♦ AND A M U S E M E N T ........................................................................ ATTENDANTS, * PERSONAL - _ NA NA * _ NA _ NA NA B E L L H O P S .... * - ♦ NA - NA NA - B A R B E R S ........................................................................................... * - * NA - NA NA - NA B O A R D IN G , * - * NA - NA NA - NA - - SE R V IC E BAGGAGE N E C ................................................................. PORTERS AND LO D G IN G H O U S E K E E P E R S .. B O O T B L A C K S ................................................................................ CH ILD CARE WORKERS, NA NA NA - NA NA - NA NA - NA NA - NA EXCEPT P R I V A T E ................................................................................ - _ ♦ 7 0 3 3 0 I 3 3 0 I f ...... ... ................. .......... ............. ......- ....................... ........ VETERANS A D M IN IST R A T IO N iE A L T H N ATION AL CARE IN ST ITU TE S EXTRAMURAL TOTAL ELETATOB O P E R A T O R S .................................................. * _ NA NA _ O PERATIO N S IN D IRE C T NA * NA - NA NA - NA NA NA NA - NA A P P R E N T IC E S .... - - - NA - NA NA - NA M O N I T O R S . . ...................................................... * SE R V IC E - NA - NA 240 ♦ 360 * 15 0 * 12 0 ♦ NA NA NA NA NA NA * NA NA NA NA NA NA NA SE R V IC E W O R K E R S ............................ GUARDS, B R ID G E T E N D B R S . . 24 0 * ......................................................................... ♦ G U A R D S ................................................................................................ _ - - NA NA NA - - 220 - NA C O N S T A B L E S ............................... NA NA NA NA NA NA D E T E C T I V E S ....................................... * - * NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA AND SH E R IF F S - NA - NA * C R O SS IN G AND NA NA NA * - A H U S B H E N T .. . P R O T EC T IV E M ARSHALS NA NA * - * SER YIC B r i r b r i g h t e r s - * A I D E S ....................................... RECR E A TIO N , AND B A I L I F F S ....................................... 22 0 NA NA NA NA - * - W O R K E R S ............................... - _ _ W O R K E R S .................................................. - - - NA NA NA NA NA P R I V A T B ................................................................. - - - NA NA NA NA NA NA P R I V A T E ....................................... - - - NA NA NA NA NA NA P R I V A T E ............................................... - - - NA NA NA NA NA NA - - - NA NA NA NA NA NA 2 ,4 3 0 * 4 5 0 - 1 ,9 8 0 7 ,6 0 0 3 ,5 4 0 1 ,7 5 0 ♦ 1 ,7 3 0 6 2 0 4 0 0 * H E L P E R S .............................................. 80 - 80 200 7 8 0 - 1 ,1 2 0 * 8 0 0 C A R E T A K E R S ...................................................... 660 * HOUSEHOLD CARE HOUSEKEEPERS, 1AUN DERERS, PR IVA TE HOUSEHOLD CLEANERS S E R V A N T S ............................................................. LABORERS, ANIMAL _ N IH STAFF 70 WELFARE AND NA D IRECT GRANTS - USHERS, COOKS, * IN D IRE C T - PERSONAL C H ILD D IR EC T * EXCEPT PR IV A TE TOTAL 70 C O S M E T O L O G I S T S _______ PO LICE IN D IRE C T HEALTH C O N STR U C TIO N P R I V A T E ---------- H AIR D B E SSE B S, HOUSEKEEPERS, SCH OOL DIRECT OF PIR O G R A M OCCU PATION EXCEPT CARPENTERS' C O N STR U C TIO N F A R M .............................................. LABORERS, CARPENTERS' *. 190 - 100 ♦ 54 0 * EXCEPT _ * ♦ T R A P P E R S .. 380 * - 380 * - * FR E IG H T M ATERIAL H A N D L E R S ........................ 5 0 0 - 500 3 0 0 140 - 60 C O L L E C T O R S .................................................. * - * 500 * - GARBAGE - * * - * 130 - 130 260 - 90 * - 15 0 ♦ * _ * * _ _ * * _ 6 0 * - * - * _ FISH E R S, H E L P E R S ................................... 2 9 0 - HUNTERS, GARDENERS AND LONGSHORE WORKERS AND G R O U N D S K E E P E R S .... ♦ _ W O R K E R S ................................................................................ ♦ _ * * S T O C K H A N D L E R S ..................................................................... 160 * - 160 * 350 - 2 60 * - * _ AND S T E V E D O R E S ..................................................................... TIM BER CU TTIN G AND LO GGING T E A M S T E R S .................................................................................... VEH ICLE AND FARMERS 100 90 60 * 90 - 90 80 - 50 ♦ - * L A B O R E R S ................................................................. 3 6 0 - 360 3 ,6 1 0 2 ,7 7 0 190 110 5 1 0 * - 2 5 0 FARM LABORERS W O R K E R S .............................................. 1 ,3 1 0 - 1 ,3 1 0 840 - 5 30 70 M A N A G E R S .................................................. 7 3 0 _ 73 0 NA _ NA NA - 7 1 0 * NA - NA ~ NA FARM AND FARMERS FARM _ 100 N E C ................................... AND FARMERS WASHERS * C L B A N E R S ............................................................. AND WAREHOUSE OTHER EQU IPM EN T, * (OWNERS AND T E N A N T S ).... M A N A G E R S ..................................................................... LABORERS AND NA _ NA NA - NA NA - HA LABOR S U P E R V I S O R S ................................................................. NA 580 * NA - 580 * NA S U P E R V I S O R S ................................... NA - NA NA - W O R K E R S ................ 3 7 0 - 370 NA - NA NA - NA F A M IL Y .... .2 0 0 - 200 NA - NA NA - NA S E L F -E M P L O Y E D .... - - - NA - NA NA - NA FARM LABOR FARM LABORERS, WAGE FARM LABORERS, U N P A ID FARM LABORERS, SEE FOOTNOTES 7 1 0 * * AT END OP T A B L E . NA NA OCCUPATION HANPO HER IN S T IT U T IO N A L T R A IN IN G 1INDIRECT A LLO H PURANCES CHASES TOTAL D IRECT1 TOTAL N ATIONAL AERONAU TICS ANI) SPACE TO TAL PR0G RAH D IR E C T IN D IR E C T TOTAL A D M IN IS T R A T IO N SPACE TOTAL SHUTTLE DIRECT PROGRAM IN D IR E C T 26, n o 1 3 ,0 7 0 1 2 ,6 7 0 1 0 ,2 3 0 2 ,0 1 0 1 8 8 ,1 5 0 2 7 ,7 5 0 1 6 0 ,4 0 0 1 2 ,9 2 0 - 2 ,2 5 0 1 0 ,6 7 0 AND T E CH N ICAL H O R N E R S ... 8 ,2 2 0 7 ,0 9 0 1 ,1 3 0 750 380 5 6 ,0 9 0 1 8 ,4 4 0 3 8 ,0 5 0 3 ,9 6 0 1 ,8 6 0 2 ,1 0 0 ENG IN B E P.S, T E C H N IC A L ...................................... E N G IN E E R S , A E R O -A S T R O N A U T IC A L .. . E N G IN E E R S , CH EM ICAL................................... E N G IN E E R S , C I V I L ............................................ E N G IN E E R S , E L E C T R IC A L ............................. E N G IN E E R S , IN D U S T R IA L ............................. E N G IN E E R S , M ECHANICAL............................. E N G IN E E R S , M E TALLU RG ICAL..................... E N G IN E E R S , M IN IN G ......................................... E N G IN E E R S , PETROLEUM................................ E N G IN E E R S , S A L E S ............................................ E N G IN E E R S , OTHER............................................ 120 * ♦ * * * ♦ * * * * * _ 2 5 ,2 0 0 9 ,6 6 0 370 580 5 ,8 3 0 1 ,0 0 0 2 ,3 2 0 530 - 1 0 ,4 3 0 480 * 4c 1tt, 8 1 0 4 ,7 8 0 370 580 3 ,6 0 0 1 ,3 0 0 2 ,1 9 0 230 - 2 ,0 9 0 850 4c * 1 ,3 0 0 640 4c - 790 210 4c 4c 430 100 190 4c ♦ 4c 4c 240 4c * * - 190 100 190 4c 4c 4t 4c 460 380 80 L I F E AND P H T S IC A L S C I E N T I S T S ............... AGRICULTURAL S C I E N T I S T S ........................ A T M O SP H E R IC , SPACE S C I E N T I S T S . . . B IO L O G IC A L S C I E N T I S T S .............................. C H E M IS T S .................................................................. G E O L O G IS T S ............................................................. MARINE S C I E N T I S T S ......................................... P H Y S IC IS T S AND ASTRONOMERS............ .. L I F E , P H Y S IC A L S C IE N T IS T S N E C . . . * * 140 4c 4> 4c ♦ 4c 4c 4c 100 4c ♦ 4c 4c _ * 40 * 4c 4c 4c 4c 4c MATHEMATICAL S P E C I A L I S T S ........................... A C T U A R IE S ................................................................ M ATH E M A TIC IA N S.................................................. S T A T I S T I C I A N S .................................................... * * ♦ * 4c 4c 4c ♦ _ TOTAL, ALL O C C U P A T IO N S ......................................... P R O F E SSIO N A L E N G INEERING AND S C IE N C E T E C H N IC IA N S ................................................. AGRICULTURAL AND B IO L O G IC A L T E C H N IC IA N S .................................................. CHEMICAL T E C H N IC IA N S ................................ d r a f t e r s ................................................................... E L E C T R IC A L AND ELE C TR O N IC T E C H N IC IA N S .................................................. IN D U S T R IA L ENGINEERING T E C H N IC IA N S .................................................. MATHEMATICAL T E C H N IC IA N S ..................... MECHANICAL ENGINEERING T E C H N IC IA N S .................................................. SUR V E YO R S................................................................ ENG INEERING AND S C IEN CE T E C H N IC IA N S NEC...................................... MEDICAL EXCEPT t e c h n i c i a n s .................................................. C H IR O P R A C T O R S .................................................... D E N T IS T S .................................................................. D I E T I T I A N S ............................................................. O P T O M E T R IST S ....................................................... P H A R M A C IST S .......................................................... P H Y S I C IA N S , HD O STE O PA TH S.................. P O D I A T R IS T S .......................................................... R E G IST E R E D NU RSES......................................... T H E R A P IS T S ............................................................. V E T E R IN A R IA N S .................................................... OTHER M EDICAL AND HEALTH HORNERS............................................................. * * * * - _ - 120 4c 4c 4< 4c 4c 4c 4c 4c * 4c 4c 80 4c * * # 4c * 4c 4c 4c * 00 4c 4c 4> 4c * 4c * * 4c 4c 4c 4c 4c 4c 4c * 4c 4c * ♦ 4c 4c 4c 4c * 4c 4> 5 ,0 1 0 4c 1 ,7 1 0 70 630 200 - - ~ 4c * 4c 4c 4c 4c 4c ♦ 4c 4c 9 ,0 7 0 130 0 ,3 5 0 2 ,3 3 0 100 130 300 2 ,7 6 0 1 ,4 2 0 4c ♦ 70 90 4c 3 ,5 9 0 - 1 ,6 2 0 620 870 380 750 240 1 ,2 1 0 - 850 - 360 - 1 ,1 0 0 100 850 4c ! 250 100 100 - ♦ ♦ * - 4c 4> : 4c * 4c 4c * 4c 4c 180 1 ,7 6 0 * - 4c 4c 4c - ♦ ♦ - * 4c 4c 4c 4c 4c 3 ,1 7 0 160 - - - - - 70 810 70 700 * - 4c 4c 4c 130 - 160 4c 4> 4c 4c 4c 4c * 70 4c 4> 150 4c 4c 4c 4c 4< * 4c 70 4c 4c 4c 4c 4> * - 100 70 130 1 ,5 9 0 4c 4 ,0 7 0 4c 4c 4c 1 ,7 6 0 4c 1 ,7 1 0 540 240 - 5 ,0 0 0 _ 60 30 - 640 300 4c 4c 4c 4c 180 1 ,7 6 0 130 - - 4c _ 4c 4c 340 4c 130 - - 1 ,4 1 0 160 150 4c 60 4c 90 4c _ 110 4> 4> * 70 4c * 130 4c - 4c 1 ,2 2 0 330 70 - 230 ♦ * 4c 4> 4c 150 _ _ _ _ _ - 80 4c _ _ - HORNERS, HEALTH TECH NO LO GISTS AND T E C H N IC IA N S .................................................. C L IN IC A L LAB T E C H N IC IA N S ..................... DENTAL H Y G IE N IS T S ......................................... HEALTH RECORD T E C H N IC IA N S .................. R A D IO L O G IC TECHNOLOGISTS AND T E C H N IC IA N S .................................................. THERAPY A S S I S T A N T S ...................................... OTHER HEALTH TECHNOLOGISTS AND T E C H N IC IA N S N EC ...................................... 250 * * ♦ . * * * * NA * * 90 * * ♦ 4c * * - * * ♦ * * * - * 4c 4c 4c ♦ 4c 4c 4c - 4c * * - 4c * 4c 4c 4c 4c ♦ - 4c 4< - - ♦ ♦ - * T E C H N IC A N S , EXCEPT HEALTH........................ A IR P L A N E P I L O T S ............................................... A IR T R A F F IC C ON TROLLERS........................ E H B ALRERS................................................................ f l ig h t e n g i n e e r s ............................................ R A D IO OPE R A TO RS............................................... TOOL PROGRAMMERS, N U M ERICAL............ OTHER TECH NICANS EXCEPT H E A L T H .. * * * * ♦ ♦ _ - COMPUTER S P E C I A L I S T S ...................................... COMPUTER PROGRAMMERS................................ COMPUTER SYSTEMS A N A L Y ST S .................. OTHER COMPUTER S P E C I A L I S T S ............... 5 S O C IA L S C I E N T I S T S ............................................... E C O N O M IST S............................................................. P O L I T IC A L S C I E N T I S T S ................................ * * * * * - - 4c 4c 4c 4> * 2 ,7 0 0 330 4> 4c - 1 ,4 8 0 4< _ ♦ 4> - * 4c - 160 - - 150 - - - - - - - 4c 4c - - _ * 4c _ - - _ _ _ - 110 4c - 4c 470 220 _ 4t 4c 4c 4c 4c 150 4c - 4c 550 220 - 4c ♦ 4c 80 4< _ _ _ _ _ * _ _ _ 610 - _ 4c 4< _ 4c 4c 4c - - - - * 4c 4c 4c 190 70 120 4c 4c - 5 4> 4c - 4c 4< * 4> 4c 4c 200 120 60 4> 2 ,3 2 0 1 ,3 8 0 760 110 2 ,1 2 0 1 ,2 6 0 700 110 130 80 50 * 4c 4c * - 4c 4c * _ 4c 4c 4c 400 330 - 4c 4c - - 4c 4c ♦ 4c _ 4c 4c 610 450 330 - 4c 50 4c - ' * - _ 4c * 4c * 4> 4c _ I 130 80 50 4c * 4c - MANPOWER IN S T IT U T IO N A L T R A IN IN G IN D IR E C T ALLOW pur ANCES ch ases TOTAL D IR E C T1 TOTAL OCCUPATION P S Y C H O L O G IS T S .................................................... S O C IO L O G I S T S ....................................................... URBAN AND REGIONAL PIA N N E R S ............ OTHER S O C IA L S C I E N T I S T S ........................ * * TE A C H E R S ......................................................................... ADULT E D U C A T IO N .............................................. A G R IC U L T U R E .......................................................... A R T , D RAH A, M U S IC ......................................... A T M O S P H E R IC , E A R TH , AND MARINE S C IE N C E ......................................... B IO L O G Y ..................................................................... B U S IN E S S , COMMERCE...................................... C H E M IST R Y ................................................................ CO ACH ES, P H Y S IC A L E D U CATIO N ............ ECONOM ICS................................................................ ED U C A TIO N ................................................................ ELEMENTARY SCHOOL......................................... E N G IN E E R IN G .......................................................... E N G L IS H ...................................................................... FOREIGN LANGUAGE............................................ HEALTH S P E C I A L T I E S ...................................... H IS T O R Y ...................................................................... HOME ECO N O M IC S................................................. LAW................................................................................. M ATHEM ATICS.......................................................... P H Y S I C S ..................................................................... PRESCH OOL, KINDERGARTEN........................ PSYCHOLOGY............................................................. SECONDARY SCHOOL............................................ S O C IO L O G Y ................................................................ S O C IA L SC IE N C E TEACHERS NEC............ MISCELLANEOUS COLLEGE AND U N IV E R S IT Y TEACH ERS.......................... COLLEGE AND U N IV E R S IT Y TEACHERS NE C.............................................. THEOLOGY................................................................... TR A D E , IN D U S T R IA L ......................................... TEACHERS N E C , E XCEPT COLLEGE AND U N IV E R S IT Y ......................................... NA * * * ♦ - W R IT E R S , A R T I S T S , E N T E R T A I N E R S .... AC TO R S......................................................................... A TH LETES AND KINDRED W O R K E R S .... AUTHORS...................................................................... D ANCERS...................................................................... D E S IG N E R S ................................................................ E D IT O R S AND R E P O RTERS............................. M U S IC IA N S AND COM POSERS........................ P A IN T E R S AND S C U L P T O R S .......................... PH OTOGRAPHERS.................................................... P U B L IC R E L A T IO N S WORKERS AND W R IT E R S ............................................................. R A D IO , TV ANNOUNCERS................................ W R IT E R S , A R T I S T S , AND ENTE R TA IN E R S N E C .......................... .. . . 160 * * * * * ♦ ♦ * * P R O F E SSIO N A L AND TECHNICAL WORKERS............................................................. a c c o u n t a n t s .......................................................... A R C H IT E C T S ............................................................. A R C H IV IS T S AND CURATORS........................ c l e r g y ......................................................................... R E L IG O U S , EXCEPT CLERGY........................ FARM MANAGEMENT A D V IS O R S ..................... F O R E S T E R S , C O N S E R V A T IO N IS T S ............ HOME MANAGEMENT A D V IS O R S ..................... JU D G E S......................................................................... LAW YERS...................................................................... L I B R A R IA N S ............................................................. O P E R A T IO N S , SYSTEMS R E S E A R C H .... P ERSO NNEL, LABOR R E L A T IO N S ............... RESEARCH WORKERS NEC................................ RECREATION WORKERS...................................... S O C IA L WORKERS.................................................. VO CATIO NAL COUN SELORS............................. ♦ - NATIONAL A D M IN IST R A T IO N SHUTTLE DIRECT _ - * * - * - * - - " - * ♦ 5 ,8 3 0 - * * - * * - _ - 840 * - - * ♦ * - * * * - - - - - - - - * - - * - - ♦ * -* AND SPACE SPACE TOTAL * * - AERONAU TICS TO TAL PROG RAM TOTAL DIR E C T IN D IR E C T * * _ “ _ PROGRAM IN D IR E C T * - * ~ * * • - 840 - 280 120 180 - - 280 120 180 - * * * * * * * * * - - - - - - - - - - 250 - - 250 - - - - * - * * * - - 160 * * * * * * * * * 110 * * 50 * * * 2 ,9 6 0 230 500 370 - 400 - 230 * * * * * * * * 60 * * ♦ * * 170 * * * * * * * * - * * ♦ * * 410 10 ♦ * * * * * * * ♦ * ♦ ♦ * - * 70 * - * * - - 70 * * * * * * * * * * - * - * - - 350 310 120 2 ,5 6 0 170 500 370 350 190 * 340 - 70 - 270 - * ♦ * * * * * * 810 120 690 * ♦ * 220 70 * * * * * ♦ * ♦ * * * * 190 * * 8 ,3 2 0 2 ,7 4 0 250 * 1 ,3 1 0 330 900 1 ,4 0 0 960 80 880 370 ♦ * - 7 ,4 4 0 2 , 370 250 470 150 * * - * ♦ * * * 470 150 * - * * * * * * * * * * * * * 60 * OTHER MANAGERS, O F F IC IA L S , AND P R O P R IE T O R S . B U Y E R S, SA LE S AND LOAN M A N A G E R S ... BANK, F IN A N C IA L MANAGERS..................... C R E D IT MANAGERS............................................... B U Y E R S, S H IP P E R S , FARM PRO D U CTS. B U Y E R S, W HOLESALE, R E T A I L .................. PURCHASING A G E N T S , BUYERS N E C . . . SALES MANAGERS, R E T A IL TR A D E -------SALES M ANAGERS, EXCEPT R E T A IL T R A D E ............................................... 1 ,5 8 0 200 * ♦ * * * * * * * * * * * 1 ,1 7 0 100 - 3 ,0 8 0 1 ,8 0 0 1 ,2 8 0 - 230 * ♦ * * * 50 60 - * * - * 1 ,0 4 0 230 * * ♦ * * * * - * - - * * * * * * * - * * 270 1 ,0 6 0 220 1 5 ,2 0 0 190 * ♦ * * * 3 ,0 1 0 490 90 - 50 * * * * * * * 80 1 ,7 0 0 80 * * 560 - - 90 * 80 220 60 - 2, r9 5 0 - 1 ,2 2 0 330 820 1 ,1 8 0 900 80 270 60 * * 50 ♦ 60 90 * 60 * * 50 * 60 90 * - - - * * - * * 1 2 ,2 5 0 1 ,0 0 0 180 820 2 , 1 2C 490 90 - * * 160 * * * * - 60 * - * - 80 810 80 160 * * * * 60 * - 560 * 890 890 - OCCUPATION P U B L IC A D M IN IS T R A T O R S , I N S P E C T O R S . A S S E S S O R S , C O N T R O L IE P S , AND T R E A SU R E R S..................................................... CONSTRUCTION IN S P E C T O R S ........................ HEALTH A D M IN IST R A T O R S .............................. I N S P E C T O R S , EXCEPT P U B L IC C O N ST R U C T IO N ............................................... P U B LIC A D M IN IST R A TO R S AND O F F I C IA L S NEC............................................ POSTM ASTERS AND MAIL S U P E R V IS O R S ................................................. SCHOOL A D M IN IS T R A T O R S , C O L L E G E .. SCHOOL A D M IN IS T R A T O R S , ELEHENTAPY AND SECONDARY............ OTHER MANAGERS, O F F I C I A L S , AND P R O P R IE T O R S .................................................. FUNERAL D IR E C T O R S ......................................... MANAGERS AND B U IL D IN G SU P E R IN T E N D E N TS...................................... O F F IC E MANAGERS N EC................................... O F F IC E R S , P I L O T S , PU RSERS, S H IP . O F F I C IA L S OF L O D G E S , U N IO N S ............ R A IL R O A D CONDUCTORS................................... R E STA U R A N T, C A F E , BAR M AN A G E R S .. OTHER MANAGERS, A D M IN IS T R A T O R S .. SALE S WORKERS.......................................................... A D V E R T IS IN G AGENTS AND SALE S W O R K E R S . . . . ................................ A U C T IO N E E R S .......................................................... d e m o n s t r a t o r s .................................................... h u c k s t e r s a n d p e d d l e r s ........................... INSURANCE A G E N TS, BROKERS, AND UNDERW RITERS.............................................. NEWSPAPER C A R R IE R S AND V E N D O R S .. REAL E ST A T E A G EN TS, BROKERS............ STOCK AND BOND SALES AG EN TS............ SALES R E P R E S E N T A T IV E S , MFG............... SALES R E P R E S E N T A T IV E S , WHOLESALE T P A D E ...................................... SALES C L E R K S , R E T A IL TR A D E ............... salbs w o rk ers, r e t a il t r a d e . EXCEPT CLE R K S................................................. SALES WORKERS, S E R V IC E AND C O N ST R U C T IO N .............................................. C L E R IC A L WORKERS.......................................................... STEN O G R A PH E R S, T Y P I S T S , AND S E C R E T A R IE S .................................................. S E C R E T A R IE S , L E G A L ...................................... S E C R E T A R IE S , M E D IC A L ................................ S E C R E T A R T E S , O THER...................................... STENOGRAPHERS.................................................... T Y P I S T S ..................................................................... O F F IC E MACHINE O P E R A T O F S .................... BO O K K EEPING , B I L L IN G O P E R A T O R S .. C ALCULATING MACHINE O P E R A T O R S ... COMPUTER, P E R IPH ERAL EQUIPMENT O P E R A T O R S ....................................................... D U P L IC A T IN G MACHINE O P E R A T O R S ... KEYPUNCH O P E R A T O R S...................................... TABU LATIN G MACHINE O P E R A T O R S .... OTHER O F F IC E MACHINE O P E R A T O R S .. OTHER C L E R IC A L WORKERS................................ BANK T E L L E R S ....................................................... B IL L IN G C L E P K S .................................................. BOOKKEEPERS.......................................................... C A S H IE R S ................................................................... C L E R IC A L A S S I S T A N T S , S O C IA L W ELFARE............................................................. C L E R IC A L S U P E R V ISO R S N E C ..................... C O L L E C T O R S , B I L L AND A C C O U N T .... COUNTER C L E R K S , EXCEPT FO O D ............ D IS P A T C H E R S , S T A R T E R S , V E H I C L E .. ENUMERATORS AND I N T E R V I E W E R S .... E S T IM A T O R S , IN V E S T IG A T O R S N E C . . . E X P E D IT E R S , PRODUCE CONTROLLERS. F I L E C L E R K S .......................................................... INSURANCE A D J U S T E R S , E X A M IN E R S .. L IB R A R Y A TTEN D AN TS, A S S I S T A N T ... M AIL C A R R IE R S , POST O F F I C E ............... MAIL H A N D LE PS, ECEPT POST O F F I C E ................................................. MESSENGERS AND O F F IC E H E L P E R S ... MANP<DWER INS T IT U T IO N A L T R A IN IN G CNDTRECT ALLOW PURANCES CHASES TOTAL d i r e c t 1 TOTAL NATIONAL AERONAU TICS AND SPACE A D M IN IST R A T IO N TOTAL PROGRAM TOTAL D IR E C T IN D IR E C T SPACE TOTAL SHUTTLE DIRECT * _ ♦ * * 1 ,9 1 0 910 * 120 * - ♦ ♦ - ♦ - * - - * - * - 570 570 * 2 ,8 2 0 - - - - - * - * * - 1 ,3 0 0 * * - * * * * * * 90 600 * 1 ,7 9 0 * - * 1 ,0 9 0 * 60 - 1 ,0 3 0 * 860 * 170 - * * * * * * * 60 ♦ * * * * * * * 50 90 810 80 660 150 190 8 ,6 6 0 150 - 1 ,0 8 0 950 130 3 ,9 7 0 NA 860 1 ,0 8 0 * * * - * * PROGRAM IN D IR E C T ♦ - * - 1 ,3 0 0 - * 80 ♦ - 90 600 * * - * ♦ - - - * - * 9 ,5 7 0 - 150 - 9 ,9 2 0 - 650 * * - 650 * 190 510 - * - 190 510 190 8 ,5 1 0 ♦ * * ♦ * * 580 * * ♦ * * * * * 3 ,9 7 0 * _ 580 * ♦ * ♦ * - ♦ * ♦ * * ♦ * * * * * 100 - - 100 - * * * * - * * * ♦ 90 * 110 * 90 * 70 * 330 930 70 1 ,0 6 0 * - 330 - 70 - 930 70 1 ,0 6 0 * * ♦ * 70 - * * * * 70 180 930 720 620 - 720 620 60 * - 60 * 110 ♦ 90 * 70 50 * * * ♦ * - 180 930 150 920 * * 80 - 80 80 * 110 - 110 * - * * - * * * 980 - 980 * - * 5 ,3 1 0 3 ,0 6 0 2 ,2 5 0 1 ,7 9 0 510 3 0 ,9 9 0 - 3 0 ,9 9 0 2 ,2 1 0 210 2 ,0 0 0 1 ,9 9 0 * * 1 ,3 5 0 - 990 * * 150 * - 1 9 ,8 6 0 2 ,9 7 0 - 650 * * 310 * 100 70 * * 110 * ♦ ♦ ♦ * 7 ,2 9 0 1 ,8 3 0 2 ,6 8 0 2 ,6 7 0 160 60 790 * * 530 * 150 190 * 90 190 - 1 ,3 5 0 * * 9 30 930 - 9 ,9 2 0 2 ,5 0 0 - 1 0 ,9 9 0 970 - 1 ,7 6 0 * NA 530 ♦ * 590 * * 910 * 190 100 * * 80 * * * - 9 50 * 150 190 * 90 * * * - * ♦ * * * * * * * * ♦ 620 150 970 * 160 * * * * * * - - 50 * * * * * * * 1 ,2 8 0 * * 1 ,5 6 0 * ♦ 28 0 180 1 ,2 3 0 * * 230 1 70 330 * * * ♦ 2 0 ,3 1 0 210 210 2 ,6 6 0 560 1 ,8 6 0 - 1 ,2 7 0 * * 160 ♦ 70 * * 1 ,2 0 0 * * 160 ♦ 360 * * * * - 60 ♦ * * * * * * * * * * * * 380 190 500 110 110 710 1 ,5 0 0 680 100 510 690 * ♦ * * * * _ _ * * * * * * ♦ 390 130 NA * * 2 ,8 9 0 * * NA NA * * 60 * * * 50 * * * * 60 - 60 50 * * ♦ * * * * * * ♦ - ♦ * * * 50 * NA * * - - 1 ,5 9 0 330 630 60 50 * * 170 * 7 ,2 9 0 290 2 ,3 5 0 2 ,0 9 C 100 €0 620 100 970 160 1 8 ,9 5 0 21 C 210 2 ,9 9 0 560 - - 380 190 500 110 110 710 1 ,5 0 0 680 100 960 690 90 ♦ 390 130 - * - - 50 50 130 80 * * * - _ * ♦ * - - 50 130 80 * * - * * OCCUPATION METER R E A D E F S , U T I L I T I E S ..................... P A Y R O L L , T IH E K E E P IN G C L E R K S ............ POSTAL C L E R K S ..................................................... PROOFREADERS....................................................... REAL E STA TE A P P R A IS E R S .......................... R E C E P T I O N I S T S .................................................... S H I P P I N G , R E C E IV IN G C LE R K S ............... S T A T IS T I C A L C L E R K S ...................................... STOCK c l e r k s , S T O REK EEPERS............... TEACHER A I D E S , E XCEPT H O N ITO RS. . TELEGRAPH M ESSENGERS................................ TELEGRAPH O P E R A T O F S ................................... TELEPHONE O P E R A T O R S ................................... T IC K E T S T A T IO N EXPRESS A G E N T S ... W E IG H TERS................................................................ MISCELLANEOUS C L E R IC A L WORKERS NEC................................................. CRAFT WORKERS................................................................... CONSTRUCTION CRAFT WORKERS.................... C A R P E N T E R S............................................................. C A R P E N T E R S ' A P P R E N T IC E S ........................ BRICKMASONS AND STONEMASONS ...... B R IC K , STONEMASON A P P R E N T I C E S ... BULLDOZER O P E R A T O R S ................. CEMENT AND CONCRETE F I N I S H E R S ... E L E C T R IC IA N S ....................................................... E L E C T R IC IA N S ' A P P R E N T IC E S ........ E X C A V A T IN G , G R A D IN G , MACHINE O P E R A T O R S ....................................................... FLOOR L A Y E P S , EXCEPT t i l e s e t t e r s ................................................. P A IN T E R S , CO NSTRUCTION AND m a i n t e n a n c e ................................................. P A IN T E R S ' A P P R E N T IC E S ............................. PAPERH ANGERS ........................... P L A S T E R E R S .............................. P L A S T E R E R S ' A P P R E N T IC E S ........... PLUMBERS AND P I P E F I T T E F S ..................... PLUMBERS* AND P I P E F I T T E R S ' A P P R E N T I C E S . . . . ...................................... ROOFERS AND S L A T E R S ................................... STPUCTURAL METAL WORKERS .......... T I L E S E T T E R S ............................ B L U E -C O L L A R WORKER SU P E R V ISO R S N E C .................. METALWORKING CRAFT WOFKERS EXCLU DIN G M ECHANICS ............. B L A C K S M IT H S ............................ B O IL E R M A K E R S....................................................... HEAT T R E A T E R S , A N N EALERS, AND T E M PE R E R S.............................................. .. FORGE AND HAMMER O PERATO RS............... JO B AND D IE S E T T E R S , M ETAL ....... M A C H IN IS T S .............................. M A C H IN IS T S ' A P P R E N T IC E S ........... M IL L W R IG H T S ............................ H O LD ERS, METAL ........................ H O LD E R S' A P P R E N T IC E S ................................ PATTERN AND MODEL MAKERS..................... ROLLERS AND F I N I S H E R S , METAL ___ SHEET METAL WORKERS, T I N S M I T H S .. SHEET METAL A P P R E N T IC E S ........... T O O L , D IE M A K E R S ....................... T O O L , DIEMAKER A P P R E N T IC E S ....... M EC H A N IC S, R E P A IR E R S , I N S T A L L E R S .. A IR C O N D IT IO N IN G , H E A T IN G , AND R E F R IG E R A T IO N ......................................... A IR C R A F T M ECH ANICS...................................... AUTO A C C E S S O R IE S I N S T A L L E R S ...... AUTO BODY R E P A IR E R S ................. AUTO M ECHANICS ........................ AUTO M E C H A N IC S ' A P P R E N T IC E S ...... data p r o c e s s in g * * 70 * * NA 90 * 360 NA * * NA * * _ * * ♦ 280 620 - * - NATIONAL AERONAU TICS ANI> SPACE TC>TAL PROG RAH D IR E C T IN D IR E C T TOTAL * * 70 * * ♦ * * * * 70 90 * 80 * * * 50 70 * 60 - ♦ * * * * * * * ♦ * - - * * - 80 * * 60 * * 2 ♦ * 70 540 810 760 930 820 1 ,8 1 0 210 _ 60 * * 110 340 70 480 810 - 760 930 71C 1 ,4 7 0 210 A D M IN IST R A T IO N SPACE TOTAL SHUTTLE DIRECT ♦ * 50 ♦ * * 20 50 120 _ * * * * - - * - 1 ,1 4 0 300 100 * - 1 ,1 4 0 300 100 60 * * * * - - no * * * * 3 ,1 4 0 1 ,0 1 0 2 ,1 3 0 * VK * 1 ,5 2 0 1 ,1 5 0 370 2 5 ,7 6 0 1 ,0 3 0 2 4 ,7 3 0 1 ,8 9 0 250 60 190 60 4 ,4 5 0 930 240 4 ,2 1 0 930 290 60 _ - PROGRAM IN D IR E C T ♦ * 50 * * * 20 50 120 * * 60 * * 140 1 ,8 9 0 * * * * * - * _ * * * 200 * * _ * * _ _ _ * * ♦ ♦ ♦ * * * * * * ♦ * * * * * _ _ _ _ - * * * * * * * 60 100 * 60 100 * * * * - * * * * * 220 170 60 4 ,2 1 0 * 4 ,2 1 0 340 - 340 120 70 * •* * * 6 ,0 5 0 200 5 ,8 5 0 520 * * * ♦ * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * - * * * * * * * * * * * U 90 410 80 NA NA * * * * NA * * * ♦ * ♦ * * NA _ 120 * * * * * * * * * - _ - - * _ * - * _ - * * * ♦ * NA * * * * NA m a c h in e R E P A IR E R S ....................................................... FARM IMPLEMENT M ECHANICS..................... HEAVY EQUIPMENT MECHANICS IN C LU D IN G D I E S E L ............... HOUSEHOLD A P P L IA N C E M E C H A N I C S ... LOOM F I X E R S ............................ O F F IC E MACHINE R E P A IR E R S .......... R A D IO , TV R E P A IR E R S ................. R A IL R O A D CAR SHOP R E P A IR E R S ...... M ECH ANICS, EXCLUDING AUTO A P P R E N T IC E S ........................ HANP<3WER IN S T IT U T IO N A L T R A IN IN G I NDIRECT ALLOW PUPANCES TOTAL CHASES TOTAL DIRECT * - * * * * * * - * _ NA * ♦ * ♦ * * * ♦ * * * * * ♦ ♦ * * * * * ♦ * * * * * * 120 150 - * ♦ - * * * * * * 110 80 - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ♦ * _ - 180 - 110 50 1 ,3 8 0 - 590 * - 600 * 130 80 520 2 ,1 8 0 - 250 240 - 390 60 820 - 1 ,2 0 0 6 ,5 3 0 190 1 ,6 9 0 - 120 * - 230 - 1 ,8 9 0 150 - 140 300 70 _ * * * - 140 - * * * * _ 60 - 110 * - “ 430 * * * * * * _ - 180 ♦ * * 290 60 * * * 110 50 1 ,2 4 0 100 200 * _ _ * _ * * * * ♦ _ * * * * - - 590 - 600 - 130 80 520 2 ,1 2 0 - 250 240 - ♦ ♦ ♦ * * * 190 * * * - * * 280 60 820 80 1 ,2 0 0 110 - * - _ - ■ * 6 , 100 490 - ♦ _ 190 1 ,6 9 0 170 120 690 50 230 - >- 100 * * 5 20 * * * * * 190 * * * * * 80 * 110 * 490 * 170 - - * _ * * - * 1 ,8 9 0 150 150 - * 50 - * 150 140 300 70 * ♦ * * - * * * * - * - * - OCCUPATION OTHER MECHANICS AND R E P A I R E R S ... P R IN T IN G CRAFT WORKERS................................ B O O K B IN D E R S.......................................................... C O M PO SITO RS AND T Y P E S E T T E R S ............ E LE C T R O T YP E R S, ST E P E O T Y P E R S ............ ENGRAVERS EXCEPT PHOTOENGRAVERS. PHOTOENGRAVERS, L I T H O G R A P H E R S ... P R IN T IN G PRESS O P ERATO RS..................... P R IN T IN G P P E SS A P P R E N T IC E S ............... P R IN T IN G A P P R E N T IC E S , EXCEPT P R E SS O PE R A TO R S...................................... T R A N S P O R T A T IO N , P U B L IC U T I L I T Y C RAFT WORKERS............................................ E L E C T R IC POWER L IN E IN S T A L L E R S AND R E P A IR E R S ............................................ LOCOMOTIVE E N G IN E E R S ................................ LOCOMOTIVE E N G IN E E R S ' H E L P E R S ... POWER S T A T IO N O PE RATO RS........................ TELEPHONE I N S T A L L E R S , R E P A IR E R S . T E L E P H IN E L IN E I N S T A L L E R S , S P L I C E R S .......................................................... OTHER C R A FT WORKERS......................................... B A K ERS........................................................................ CABINETM AKERS..................................................... CARPET IN S T A L L E R S ......................................... • C RANE, D E R R IC K , H O IS T OPE R A TO R S . D E CO RATO RS, WINDOW D R E S S E R S ............ DENTAL LABORATORY T E C H N I C I A N S ... FURN ITU RE AND WOOD F I N I S H E R S . . . . P U R R IE R S ................................................................... G L A Z I E R S ................................................................... i n s p e c t o r s , LOG AND LUMBER............... IN S P E C T O R S , O TH E R......................................... JEWELERS AND WATCHMAKERS..................... M IL L E R S , G R A IN , FLO U R, FE E D ............ MOTION P IC T U R E P R O J E C T I O N I S T S ... O P T I C IA N S , LENS G R IN D E R S , AND P O L IS H E R S ....................................................... P IA N O , ORGAN T U N E R S, R E P A I R E R S .. S H I P F I T T E R S .......................................................... SHOE R E P A IR E R S ................................................. SIG N P A IN T E R S AND L E T T E R E R S ............ ST A T IO N A R Y E N G IN E E R S ................................ STONE C U T T E R S , STONE C A R V E R S . . . . T A I L O R S ..................................................................... UPH O LSTE R E R S....................................................... CRAFT AND KINDRED WORKERS N E C . . . CRAFT A P P R E N T IC E S NEC............................. MANPOWER IN S T IT U T IO N A L T R A IN IN G IN D IR E C T ALLOW PURANCES TOTAL D IR E C T 1 TOTAL CHASES ♦ - 100 * * * * * - * * * - - 100 * ♦ * * * * - * - * * 110 * * * 110 _ * - - - - - - * - 4c 80 * 1 ,6 1 0 * 1 ,6 1 0 80 * * * * * 180 - * * NA ♦ * * * * * * 230 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 190 * * * * ♦ * * * * * * * * * * * * - _ * * * * * * * * ♦ * * * * ♦ - - - * * * * * * * ♦ - 4> * * ♦ ♦ * * * * * * * * - - * - * * * * - * 50 . 1 ,1 6 0 * 1 ,1 6 0 * * * * 50 160 - 160 180 - 1 ,9 7 0 60 60 - 400 80 - - * * * * * 220 60 * 110 * 1 ,8 9 0 60 60 - - * 400 80 80 - - * - - ♦ - 220 60 - 4c 130 * * * * * _ - * * * * 4c _ 4> - - - - - * * 100 390 100 390 - - - * * * - - - 70 130 - * 70 130 * * * * * * * - - - 4c - 510 3 5 ,5 7 0 790 3 4 ,7 8 0 2 ,6 4 0 390 3 7 ,8 8 0 770 3 7 ,1 1 0 2 ,3 6 0 S E M IS K IL L E D METALWORKING........................... DRTLL P RESS O P E R A T IV E S .......................... FURNACE TE N D E R S, S H E L T E P S, AND PO URERS................................................. G R IN D IN G MACHINE O P E R A T IV E S ............ H E A T E R S , M E TA L................................................. LATHE AND M IL L IN G MACHINE O P E R A T IV E S .................................................... METAL P L A T E R S ..................................................... OTHER P R E C IS IO N MACHINE O P E R A T O R S .................................................... PUNCH STAM PING PR ESS O P E R A T O R S .. SO L D E R E R S ............................................................... WELDEPS AND FLAME C O T T E R S .................. mo _ 1ft0 * 80 60 * 6 ,1 4 0 500 6 ,1 4 0 500 520 S E M IS K IL L E D T E X T IL E WORKERS.................. C A R D IN G , L A P P IN G , COMBING.................. K N IT T E R S , L O O P E R S , AND T O P P E R S .. S P IN N E R S , T W IS T E R S , WINDERS............ WEAVERS..................................................................... OTHER T E X T IL E O P E R A T IV E S ..................... 90 * * * ♦ * * * * * * 260 100 ♦ ♦ * * OTHER O P E R A T IV E S , EXCEPT TR A N S P O R T ....................................................... A S B E S T O S , IN S U L A T IO N W O R K E R S .... A S SE M B L E R S ............................................................. B L A S T E R S ................................................................... 100 * _ * * * * 280 830 * 28C 830 - - - - - * * * * * * 1 ,0 9 0 210 * * * 60 * * * * * 430 760 450 1 ,5 7 0 * 90 * * * * * 70 ♦ * * * * * * * * * * 130 _ - 260 100 ♦ * 200 70 * * 60 * * 5 ,6 0 0 4 ,4 4 0 60 - - - - mo 110 1 ,0 7 0 - - * * * * 1 ,2 9 0 * 1 ,0 2 0 * 100 ♦ 60 ♦ _ - _ - 60 PACKING AND i n s p e c t i n g .................................................... C H E C K E R S, E XA M IN E R S , EXCEPT MFG. GRADERS AND S O R T E R S , MFG..................... MEAT W RAPPERS, R E T A IL T R A D E ............ PA C K E R S , W R A PPE R S, EXCEPT M E A T .. GROCERY PRODUCE P A C K E PS ........................ * * * * - _ - . * * * 4c 4c - 1 ,3 8 0 * 4c 4c - - 2 ,2 9 0 * * - - * 1 ,7 7 0 * 4c 110 2 ,8 0 0 - - - - _ - ♦ _ 4c 4" 4c 4c 4c - * * 4t 130 - * - - 4c - NA EXCEPT 4c 4c 4c * NA O P E R A T IV E S , 80 _ 50 - - - - TR A N SPO R T ............... O P E R A T IV E S ........................................................................... 50 4c 4c 4c 4c 4c 4< - * - 4c _ - - 50 ♦ * * * * * - - * * * 860 70 330 80 330 * * - - 540 - - * * - 350 PROGRAM IN D IR E C T * 60 4c 890 SPACE SHUTTLE TOTAL DIRECT 70 - * 4c AND SPACE A D M IN IS T R A T IO N 930 70 330 * 380 - 4c AERONAU TICS TOTAL PROGRAM DIR E C T I N D IR E C T TOTAL 60 * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ■* * NATIONAL . - - * 1 ,0 9 0 210 430 760 450 1 ,5 7 0 130 - 4c 4c 4< 100 2 ,3 6 0 520 4c 4c - 80 4c _ 4c - 4c _ 60 2 ,6 0 0 _ _ 100 4c 4c - 60 - 4c 130 * 130 4c - _ 4c - - - - - - 4c 4c 50 4c 4c 4c 4c - 50 - - - - - 4c 4c 4c 4c 4c 80 4c * - 4< - - 4c 4c - * S E M IS K IL L E D NA * - - * * * - 1 ,0 7 0 - - 260 ♦ 5 ,6 0 0 4 ,4 4 0 60 1 9 ,8 9 0 « 730 * 1 9 ,1 6 0 6 ,9 1 0 - 6 ,9 1 0 " - - 420 340 4c 4c 70 * 4c 4c 500 4c 020 300 - 4" 4c - 70 4c 4c - - 1 ,0 0 0 4C I 500 OCCUPATION B O T T L IN G , CANNING O P E R A T IV E S . . . . SURVEYORS* H E L P E R S ...................................... CLOTHING IR O N E R S AND P R E S S E R S ... C U TTIN G O P E R A T IV E S NEC........................... D R ESSM AK ERS, EXCEPT FACTO RY............ D R I L L E R S , EARTH .............................................. DRY NALL IN S T A L L E R S , L A T H E R E R S .. D R YERS......................................................................... F I L E R S , P O L IS H E R S , SA N D E R S , AND. B U F F E R S ............................................................. GARAGE WORKERS AND GAS S T A T IO N ATTENDAN TS............................. LAUN DRY, DRYCLEANING O P E R A T IV E S . HEATCUTTERS AND BUTCHERS EXCEPT HFG.................................................. H E A TC U TTE R S, B U TCH ERS, HFG ............... M IL L IN E R S ................................................................ HINE O P E R A T IV E S NEC................................... MIXING O P E R A T IV E S ......................................... O I L E R S , G R E A S E R S, EXCEPT A U T O ... P A IN T E R S , MANUFACTURED A R T I C L E S . PHOTOGRAPHIC PRO CESS W O R K E R S .... R IV E T E R S AND F A S T E N E R S .......................... S A IL O R S AND DECKHANDS............................. SAW YERS..................................................................... SEWERS AND S T IT C H E R S ................................ SHOEHAKING MACHINE O P E R A T I V E S ... FURNACE TE N D E R S, ST O K E R S, EXBCEPT METAL............................................ WINDING O P E R A T IV E S NEC........................... m i s c e l l a n e o u s MACHINE O P E R A T O R .. O P E R A T IV E S NE C ................................................. TRANSPORT EQUIPMENT O PE R A TO R S............ BOAT O PE R A T O R S .................................................. BUS D R IV E R S .......................................................... CONDUCTORS AND O P E R A T O R S , URBAN R A I L .................................................... D E L IV E R Y AND ROUTE WORKERS............... FORK L I F T , TOW MOTOR O P E R A T O R S .. R A IL V E H IC L E OPERATORS N E C ............... PARKING A TTEND AN TS...................................... R A IL R O A D BRAKE OPERATORS AND C O U P L E R S ............................................... R A IL R O A D SWITCH O PE R A TO R S .................. T A X IC A B D R I V E R S , CH AUFFEURS............ TRUCK D R IV E R S ..................................................... HANP(5WER IN S T IT U T IO N A L T R A IN IN G ] NDIRECT ALLOW PURANCES TOTAL D IR E C T 1 TOTAL CHASES ♦ * * ♦ * * * * “ * * - ♦ * * * ♦ ♦ * * ♦ * * * ♦ ♦ * ♦ * * ♦ * ♦ * * * * N ATION AL _ _ 120 480 80 150 - ♦ - 120 480 80 15C - “ ~ 520 ~ 520 100 * - 100 ♦ 90 * * * 170 160 * ” 170 160 * * * - * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * ♦ * * * 80 - ♦ * - 80 300 15C 110 630 360 180 180 300 60 60 220 420 3 ,7 7 0 4 ,3 3 0 * 700 220 420 3 ,7 7 0 3 ,6 3 0 120 * 3 ,7 5 0 390 * ♦ 3 ,7 5 0 390 ♦ ♦ * * 710 610 - * - 710 610 - 60 70 200 1 ,6 1 0 ♦ ♦ ~ 60 70 200 1 ,6 1 0 * 1 0 ,3 3 0 * * * * * * * ♦ 250 * * * 220 200 " * - * * * * * * * 250 * * ♦ 230 * * 220 200 ♦ 160 140 * 1 ,0 3 0 * * - 1 ,0 3 0 * 910 * NA * 310 290 * * - NA * * * " * * 190 * * * 160 * ♦ * * * * * ■* * * 300 150 110 630 360 180 180 300 “ * * 220 NA 220 230 200 190 * * * * WORKERS............................................................. 2 ,8 1 0 1 ,4 9 0 1 ,3 2 0 1 , 140 180 1 0 ,3 3 0 CLEANING S E R V IC E WORKERS........................... LODGING QUARTERS CLE A N E R S, E XC B PT P R IV A T B ......................................... B U IL D IN G IN T E R IO R CLEANERS .N E C .. J A N IT O R S AND S E X T O N S ................................ 1 ,7 0 0 1 ,3 9 0 310 230 80 4 ,7 8 0 * * * 110 180 80 130 * * 520 * ♦ 470 * * NA * * NA 70 * ♦ ♦ ♦ 130 ♦ * 120 * 210 * * ♦ NA 1 ,5 6 0 “ ~ * * - ~ A D M IN IST R A T IO N SPACE TOTAL SHUTTLE DIRECT * * * * * * * * - _ ~ PROGRAM IN D IR E C T * * * ♦ * * * ♦ ~ ♦ * ♦ - * * * * * * - i 50 * * * * ♦ * ~ ♦ * * ♦ * “ 50 * * * * * ♦ 290 280 * 290 280 280 * * ” * * * 50 * * * * * * - - ♦ * 280 * * * 50 * * ♦ - 120 _ ♦ * * 120 600 - 6 00 4 ,7 8 0 290 - 290 450 1 ,3 8 0 2 ,9 6 0 * * - * * 50 450 1 ,3 8 0 2 ,9 6 0 180 - 180 2 ,4 3 0 90 90 630 250 340 610 _ - 2 ,4 3 0 90 90 630 250 340 610 90 * ♦ * ♦ ♦ * - 190 * * * * * * * 90 * * * * * * 50 * * 420 - 420 * " * 150 ♦ * * 80 * 150 * * * 140 * * 70 ♦ * * - 140 70 “ - * * * * ♦ - 80 * * ♦ ♦ * * * ♦ ♦ 28 0 * 240 * * * 1 ,3 4 0 140 ♦ 1 ,3 4 0 140 90 * * * * * 100 ~ 100 * * * ♦ * * * * * ♦ * * * * - 110 - 110 “ “ * * 120 * * * 60 420 1 ,3 8 0 FOOD S E R V IC E WORKERS...................................... B ARTEND ERS............................................................. w a i t e r s * a s s i s t a n t s ................................... C O O K S, EXCEPT P R I V A T E .............................. DISH W A SH E R S.......................................................... FOOD COUN TER, FOUNTAIN W O R K E R S .. W A IT E R S , W A IT R E S S E S ................................... FOOD WORKERS N E C , EXCEPT P R I V A T E ............................................................. 590 * * NA * HEALTH S E R V IC E WORKERS................................ DENTAL A S S I S T A N T S ......................................... HEALTH A I D E S , E XCEPT N U R S I N G . . . . HEALTH T R A IN E E S ............................................... LAY H ID W IV E S ........................................................ NURSES* A I D E S , O R D E R L IE S ..................... P R A C T IC A L N U R SE S............................................ NA ♦ * * NA ♦ * * PERSONAL SE R V IC E WORKERS.......................... F L IG H T ATTENDAN TS......................................... A TTE N D A N TS, RECRBATION AND a m u s e m e n t ....................................................... A TTE N D A N TS, PERSONAL S E R V IC E N E C .................................................. BAGGAGE PORTERS AND B E L L H O P S .... B A R B E R S...................................................................... B O A R D IN G , LODGING H O U S E K E E P E R S .. BO O TB LA C K S............................................................. C H IL D CARE WORKERS, EXCEPT P R I V A T E ............................................................. ELEVATOR O P E R A T O RS...................................... H A IR D R E S S E R S , C O S M E T O L O G I S T S .... NA * * * ♦ ♦ * ♦ ♦ AN1) SPACE _ * S E R V IC E AERONAU TICS TC TAL PROGRAM IN D IR E C T D IR E C T TOTAL - ~ - - ♦ * * - * ♦ NA - NA * * “ - 90 * * “ ♦ ♦ * * * - * * * * - - - 140 - - 140 ” ~ - 60 420 * ♦ * - _ - “ - * * * OCCUPATION HANPC) WER IN S T IT U T IO N A L TR A IN IN G IN D IR E C T ALLOW PURCHASES TOTAL D IR E C T 1 TOTAL ANCES H O USEKEEPERS, E XCEPT P R I V A T E . . . . PERSONAL S B P V IC E A P P R E N T I C E S .... SCHOOL M ONITORS............................................... U SH ERS, R E C R E A T IO N , A M U S E M E N T ... WELFARE S E R V IC E A I D E S ............................. ♦ ♦ * ♦ 4c * - P R O T E C T IV E S E R V IC E WORKERS..................... C R O SSIN G GUARDS, BRIDGETEN DERS. . F I R E F IG H T E R S ....................................................... GUARDS......................................................................... MARSHALS AND C O N S TA B LE S ........................ P O L IC E AND D E T E C T IV E S ............................. S H E R IF F S AND B A I L I F F S ............................. NA ♦ * NA ♦ 4c - - * - P R IV A T E HOUSEHOLD WORKERS........................ C H IL D CARE WORKERS...................................... CO O K S, P R IV A T E ................................................. HOUSEKEEPERS, P R IV A T E ............................. LAUN D ERERS, P R I V A T E ................................... P R IV A T E HOUSEHOLD CLEANERS AND S E R V A N T S............................................... _ - L A B O R E R S , EXCEPT FARM ................................... ANIMAL C A R ETAK ERS......................................... C A R P E N T E R S ' H E L P E R S ................................... CONSTRUCTION L A B O R E R S , EXCEPT C A R P E N T E R S ' H E LPE R S .......................... F I S H E R S , HUN TERS, AND T R A P P E R S .. FR E IG H T MATERIAL HANDLERS.................. GARBAGE C O LLE C TO RS...................................... GARDENERS AND G R O U N D S K E E P E R S .... LONGSHORE WOFKERS AND STE V E D O R E S.................................................... TIMBER CUTTING AND LOGGING WORKERS............................................................. STOCKHANDLERS.................................................... TE A M STE R S................................................................ V E H IC LE AND EQ UIPM ENT, WASHERS AND C L E A N E R S.............................................. WAREHOUSE LABORERS NEC.......................... OTHER LA B O R E R S................................................. NA * * 4c - 4c 4c 4c * * 4< - - 4> 70 4> * 60 4t 4c 4c * * _ 4c * - * - ' 4c 1 ,4 7 0 - 4c 4c 1 ,3 2 0 - 220 - - 1 ,6 5 0 - _ - _ _ - _ - - - - - - - - - - - - AND SPACE A D M IN IST R A T IO N SPACE TOTAL 120 - - - - 4> - 4c 1 ,4 7 0 - 100 - 100 - 1 ,3 2 0 - 4c - * - - _ - - - - - - - 80 a , 730 330 4c 4c 4> 4c * * 90 _ 4c 4c 4c - 4c * NA 110 4> 4c - 4c * 4c * 4> 4c 4c 4c _ 4< 4c . 4c NA - NA 4c - 4< 4c _ 4c 4c - NA 4c * 130 - 1 ,3 6 0 70 290 - * . * _ 4> 4c - 4> 280 170 4c 4c - * 620 - 4c 4c 4c * 4c 350 340 - ☆ U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1975 O - 583-674 (85) ♦ 4c . 370 360 1 Includes direct employment generated by tuition costs. * Denotes fewer than 50 jobs. NA = not available. — denotes no employment. 4c 280 660 NA NA * - 4> 4c 4c 4> 290 4c * 280 - - 190 * 100 4c 4c _ - 1 ,1 2 0 - - . * - 4c * 90 4c 620 4c - 4c 4c _ * - 4c - - 280 180 90 90 - 4c 350 340 - - 4c 4> 4c 4c 4c 100 4c - 50 4c - - 220 1,1 2 0 - 330 - 100 - NA NA - - 1 ,3 6 0 70 290 - NA NA NA * 4c 4c - * 4> 600 4> * 80 NA _ 70 570 _ - 4> . NA 4< 4c 90 70 570 > 4c 4> - 4c - 4c 4c - NA NA NA - _ - - 4c _ 120 - 4 ,8 1 0 * _ - - NA - * * 4c - 110 _ - _ - - 600 PROGRAM IN D IR E C T 1 ,6 5 0 - A 90 4< - _ - - - 4c SHUTTLB D IR E C T 4c 4c * 220 600 NA 4c 4c - _ - WORKERS................................... FARM LABORERS AND LABOR S U P E R V IS O R S ................................................. FARM LABOR S U P E R V IS O R S .......................... FARM L A B O R E R S , WAGE WORKERS............ FARM L A B O R E R S , U N PAID F A M IL Y _____ FARM L A B O R E R S , S E L F -E M P L O Y E D .... 4c - - FARMERS AND MANAGERS...................................... FARMERS (OWNERS AND T E N A N T S ) . . . . FARM MANAGERS.................................................... FARMERS AND FARM AERONAU TICS ___TOTAL PROG RAH D IR ECT TOTAL IN D IR E C T 4c 4c * _ N ATIONAL - 180 90 - 4c - * - 4c - 4c 4c 4c - NEC = not elsewhere classified. NOTE: Detail may not add to totals because of rounding. Also, data for occupations with fewer than 50 jobs are not shown but are in cluded in the totals. BUREAU OF LABOR STATISTICS REGIONAL OFFICES Region I 1603 JFK Federal Building Government Center Boston, Mass. 02203 Phone: 223-6762 (Area Code 617) Region II Suite 3400 1515 Broadway New York, N.Y. 10036 Phone: 971-5405 (Area Code 212) Region III P.O. Box 13309 Philadelphia, Pa. 19101 Phone: 597-1154 (Area Code 215) Region IV Suite 540 1371 Peachtree St., NE. Atlanta, Ga. 30309 Phone: 526-5418 (Area Code 404) Region V 9th Floor Federal Office Building 230 S. Dearborn Chicago, III. 60604 Phone: 353-1880 (Area Code 312) Region VI Second Floor 555 Griffin Square Building Dallas, Tex. 75202 Phone: 749-3516 (Area Code 214) Regions VII and VIII * Federal Office Building 911 Walnut St., 15th Floor Kansas City, Mo. 64106 Phone: 374-2481 (Area Code 816) Regions IX and X ** 450 Golden Gate Ave. Box 36017 San Francisco, Calif. 94102 Phone: 556-4678 (Area Code 415) Regions VII and VIII are serviced by Kansas City Regions IX and X are serviced by San Francisco
@FedFRASER