Full text of The Employment Situation : September 2024

The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, October 4, 2024

USDL-24-2052

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — SEPTEMBER 2024
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 254,000 in September, and the unemployment rate
changed little at 4.1 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment continued
to trend up in food services and drinking places, health care, government, social assistance, and
construction.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
September 2022 – September 2024

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change,
seasonally adjusted, September 2022 – September 2024

Percent

Thousands

5.5

600

5.0

500
400

4.5

300
4.0
200
3.5

100

3.0

0

2.5

-100

Sep-22 Dec-22 Mar-23 Jun-23 Sep-23 Dec-23 Mar-24 Jun-24 Sep-24

Sep-22 Dec-22 Mar-23 Jun-23 Sep-23 Dec-23 Mar-24 Jun-24 Sep-24

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor
force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey
measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the
concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.

Hurricane Francine
Hurricane Francine made landfall in southern Louisiana on September 11, 2024, during the reference
periods for both the household and establishment surveys. Our analysis suggests that Hurricane Francine
had no discernible effect on national payroll employment, hours, and earnings from the establishment
survey, or the national unemployment rate from the household survey. Response rates for the two

surveys were within normal ranges for September. For information on how unusually severe weather
can affect employment and hours estimates, see the Frequently Asked Questions section of this news
release.
BLS will release the state estimates of employment and unemployment for September on October 22,
2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET).

Household Survey Data
Both the unemployment rate, at 4.1 percent, and the number of unemployed people, at 6.8 million,
changed little in September. These measures are higher than a year earlier, when the jobless rate was 3.8
percent, and the number of unemployed people was 6.3 million. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for adult men (3.7 percent) decreased in
September. The jobless rates for adult women (3.6 percent), teenagers (14.3 percent), Whites (3.6
percent), Blacks (5.7 percent), Asians (4.1 percent), and Hispanics (5.1 percent) showed little or no
change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
The number of people jobless less than 5 weeks decreased by 322,000 to 2.1 million in September. The
number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed over the
month at 1.6 million. This measure is up from 1.3 million a year earlier. In September, the long-term
unemployed accounted for 23.7 percent of all unemployed people. (See table A-12.)
In September, the labor force participation rate was 62.7 percent for the third consecutive month, and
the employment-population ratio was little changed at 60.2 percent. Both measures changed little over
the year. (See table A-1.)
The number of people employed part time for economic reasons changed little at 4.6 million in
September. This measure is up from 4.1 million a year earlier. These individuals would have preferred
full-time employment but were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were
unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)
The number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job, at 5.7 million, changed little in
September. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking
for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)
Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached to the
labor force increased by 204,000 to 1.6 million in September. These individuals wanted and were
available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for
work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the
marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, changed little at 445,000 in
September. (See Summary table A.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 254,000 in September, higher than the average
monthly gain of 203,000 over the prior 12 months. In September, employment continued to trend up in
-2-

food services and drinking places, health care, government, social assistance, and construction. (See
table B-1.)
Employment in food services and drinking places rose by 69,000 in September, well above the
average monthly gain of 14,000 over the prior 12 months.
Health care added 45,000 jobs in September, below the average monthly gain of 57,000 over the prior
12 months. Over the month, employment rose in home health care services (+13,000), hospitals
(+12,000), and nursing and residential care facilities (+9,000).
Employment in government continued its upward trend in September (+31,000). Government had an
average monthly gain of 45,000 jobs over the prior 12 months. Over the month, employment continued
to trend up in local government (+16,000) and state government (+13,000).
Employment in social assistance increased by 27,000 in September, primarily in individual and family
services (+21,000). Over the prior 12 months, social assistance had added an average of 21,000 jobs per
month.
Construction employment continued to trend up in September (+25,000), similar to the average
monthly gain over the prior 12 months (+19,000). Over the month, nonresidential specialty trade
contractors added 17,000 jobs.
Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining,
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; manufacturing; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation
and warehousing; information; financial activities; professional and business services; and other
services.
In September, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 13
cents, or 0.4 percent, to $35.36. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 4.0
percent. In September, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory
employees increased by 8 cents, or 0.3 percent, to $30.33. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to 34.2
hours in September. In manufacturing, the average workweek was unchanged at 40.0 hours, and
overtime edged down by 0.1 hour to 2.9 hours. The average workweek for production and
nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and
B-7.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for July was revised up by 55,000, from +89,000 to
+144,000, and the change for August was revised up by 17,000, from +142,000 to +159,000. With these
revisions, employment in July and August combined is 72,000 higher than previously reported.
(Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies
since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
_____________
The Employment Situation for October is scheduled to be released on Friday, November 1, 2024,
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

-3-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Sept.
2023

July
2024

Aug.
2024

Change from:
Aug. 2024Sept. 2024

Sept.
2024

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

267,428
167,897
62.8
161,550
60.4
6,347
3.8
99,531

268,644
168,429
62.7
161,266
60.0
7,163
4.3
100,215

268,856
168,549
62.7
161,434
60.0
7,115
4.2
100,306

269,080
168,699
62.7
161,864
60.2
6,834
4.1
100,381

224
150
0.0
430
0.2
-281
-0.1
75

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

3.8
3.8
3.1
11.8
3.4
5.7
2.9
4.6

4.3
4.0
3.8
12.4
3.8
6.3
3.7
5.3

4.2
4.0
3.7
14.1
3.8
6.1
4.1
5.5

4.1
3.7
3.6
14.3
3.6
5.7
4.1
5.1

-0.1
-0.3
-0.1
0.2
-0.2
-0.4
0.0
-0.4

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

3.0
5.5
4.1
3.0
2.2

3.5
6.7
4.6
3.5
2.3

3.4
7.1
4.0
3.4
2.5

3.3
6.8
4.0
3.4
2.3

-0.1
-0.3
0.0
0.0
-0.2

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

2,869
797
2,024
586

3,490
855
2,160
650

3,328
845
2,132
718

3,233
818
2,046
662

-95
-27
-86
-56

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,053
2,043
985
1,303

2,351
2,141
1,087
1,535

2,468
2,019
1,167
1,533

2,146
1,982
1,119
1,630

-322
-37
-48
97

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

4,069
2,799
940
22,177

4,566
2,985
1,195
22,036

4,830
3,303
1,144
22,561

4,624
2,999
1,274
22,566

-206
-304
130
5

Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

1,442
372

1,571
405

1,401
367

1,605
445

204
78

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category

July
2024

Aug.
2024p

Sept.
2024p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

246
196
27
1
13
13
9
10.1
4
169
11.7
18.2
9.2
2.0
11
0
-1
-21.6
81
81.2
27
9
50

144
99
21
1
14
6
5
4.8
1
78
5.4
-3.6
-1.6
0.4
-16
-4
-4
-19.1
67
63.7
38
-3
45

159
114
5
1
31
-27
-30
-13.4
3
109
0.4
-8.8
3.2
0.3
-7
10
-4
-6.5
60
53.9
53
2
45

254
223
21
3
25
-7
-3
-6.5
-4
202
1.9
15.6
-8.6
3.4
4
5
17
-13.8
81
71.7
78
4
31

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

213
165

159
134

140
103

186
145

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (250 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (72 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Sept.
2023

49.8
48.4
81.3

34.4
$34.01
$1,169.94
115.5
0.2
187.8
0.4

60.4
47.9

49.8
48.3
81.4

34.2
$35.07
$1,199.39
116.2
-0.3
194.8
0.0

49.2
41.7

49.8
48.3
81.4

34.3
$35.23
$1,208.39
116.6
0.3
196.5
0.9

51.8
38.9

49.8
48.4
81.4

34.2
$35.36
$1,209.31
116.5
-0.1
196.9
0.2

57.6
42.4

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
130,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes. About 45 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly
Census of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than
sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses
into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance
on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey
twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All people
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees who receive
pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures.
For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of people who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a
measure of the number of people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad
weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 119,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 629,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific active efforts to find employment
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the
reference week. People laid off from a job and expecting
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and
unemployed. Those people not classified as employed or
unemployed are not in the labor force. The

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who worked or received pay for any part of the
reference pay period, including people on paid leave. People
are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data
are produced for the private sector for all employees and for
production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and
nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging,
construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory
employees in private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment's principal activity in accordance with the
2022 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:
•

The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

•

The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

•

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.

•

The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Reliability of the estimates

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently
seasonally adjusted component series and will not
necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally
adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information
about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be
found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 130,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -80,000 to +180,000
(50,000 +/- 130,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.

Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes
in the classification of industries when necessary. Over the
past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from
-0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.
Other information
If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech
disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications
relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Sept.
2023

Aug.
2024

Sept.
2024

Sept.
2023

May
2024

June
2024

July
2024

Aug.
2024

Sept.
2024

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

267,428
167,718
62.7
161,669
60.5
6,049
3.6
99,710
5,299

268,856
168,763
62.8
161,348
60.0
7,415
4.4
100,092
5,749

269,080
168,569
62.6
162,046
60.2
6,524
3.9
100,511
5,591

267,428
167,897
62.8
161,550
60.4
6,347
3.8
99,531
5,424

268,248
167,732
62.5
161,083
60.1
6,649
4.0
100,516
5,717

268,438
168,009
62.6
161,199
60.1
6,811
4.1
100,429
5,234

268,644
168,429
62.7
161,266
60.0
7,163
4.3
100,215
5,600

268,856
168,549
62.7
161,434
60.0
7,115
4.2
100,306
5,637

269,080
168,699
62.7
161,864
60.2
6,834
4.1
100,381
5,697

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

130,713
89,159
68.2
85,745
65.6
3,414
3.8
41,553

131,077
89,138
68.0
85,379
65.1
3,759
4.2
41,939

131,186
89,209
68.0
85,754
65.4
3,455
3.9
41,978

130,713
89,335
68.3
85,657
65.5
3,678
4.1
41,378

130,782
88,619
67.8
84,882
64.9
3,737
4.2
42,163

130,875
89,171
68.1
85,514
65.3
3,657
4.1
41,704

130,975
89,293
68.2
85,390
65.2
3,903
4.4
41,682

131,077
88,950
67.9
85,075
64.9
3,875
4.4
42,127

131,186
89,308
68.1
85,596
65.2
3,712
4.2
41,878

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

121,931
86,086
70.6
83,057
68.1
3,029
3.5
35,845

122,118
85,816
70.3
82,552
67.6
3,264
3.8
36,302

122,221
86,045
70.4
83,091
68.0
2,955
3.4
36,175

121,931
86,124
70.6
82,853
68.0
3,271
3.8
35,807

121,844
85,229
69.9
81,986
67.3
3,243
3.8
36,615

121,929
85,846
70.4
82,618
67.8
3,227
3.8
36,083

122,021
86,054
70.5
82,576
67.7
3,477
4.0
35,968

122,118
85,857
70.3
82,452
67.5
3,405
4.0
36,261

122,221
86,006
70.4
82,815
67.8
3,192
3.7
36,215

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

136,715
78,559
57.5
75,924
55.5
2,634
3.4
58,156

137,779
79,626
57.8
75,970
55.1
3,656
4.6
58,153

137,894
79,361
57.6
76,292
55.3
3,069
3.9
58,533

136,715
78,562
57.5
75,893
55.5
2,669
3.4
58,153

137,465
79,113
57.6
76,201
55.4
2,912
3.7
58,353

137,564
78,838
57.3
75,684
55.0
3,154
4.0
58,725

137,669
79,136
57.5
75,876
55.1
3,260
4.1
58,533

137,779
79,599
57.8
76,359
55.4
3,240
4.1
58,179

137,894
79,391
57.6
76,268
55.3
3,123
3.9
58,503

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

128,237
75,602
59.0
73,292
57.2
2,310
3.1
52,635

129,125
76,216
59.0
73,014
56.5
3,202
4.2
52,909

129,236
76,264
59.0
73,598
56.9
2,667
3.5
52,972

128,237
75,453
58.8
73,119
57.0
2,333
3.1
52,784

128,830
75,812
58.8
73,226
56.8
2,586
3.4
53,018

128,922
75,587
58.6
72,798
56.5
2,788
3.7
53,335

129,021
75,968
58.9
73,078
56.6
2,890
3.8
53,052

129,125
76,411
59.2
73,589
57.0
2,822
3.7
52,714

129,236
76,134
58.9
73,426
56.8
2,708
3.6
53,102

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17,260
6,030
34.9
5,321
30.8
710
11.8
11,230

17,612
6,731
38.2
5,782
32.8
949
14.1
10,881

17,623
6,260
35.5
5,357
30.4
902
14.4
11,364

17,260
6,321
36.6
5,578
32.3
743
11.8
10,939

17,574
6,692
38.1
5,871
33.4
821
12.3
10,882

17,588
6,577
37.4
5,782
32.9
795
12.1
11,011

17,602
6,407
36.4
5,612
31.9
795
12.4
11,195

17,612
6,281
35.7
5,393
30.6
888
14.1
11,332

17,623
6,559
37.2
5,624
31.9
935
14.3
11,064

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Sept.
2023

Aug.
2024

Sept.
2024

Sept.
2023

May
2024

June
2024

July
2024

Aug.
2024

Sept.
2024

204,756
127,706
62.4
123,547
60.3
4,160
3.3
77,049

205,222
128,107
62.4
123,013
59.9
5,094
4.0
77,115

205,338
128,149
62.4
123,659
60.2
4,490
3.5
77,189

204,756
127,755
62.4
123,403
60.3
4,352
3.4
77,001

204,917
127,384
62.2
122,922
60.0
4,462
3.5
77,533

205,010
127,552
62.2
123,095
60.0
4,457
3.5
77,457

205,114
127,887
62.3
123,032
60.0
4,854
3.8
77,228

205,222
127,939
62.3
123,049
60.0
4,890
3.8
77,282

205,338
128,168
62.4
123,490
60.1
4,677
3.6
77,171

66,622
70.3
64,514
68.1
2,108
3.2

66,277
70.0
64,002
67.6
2,275
3.4

66,445
70.2
64,353
67.9
2,091
3.1

66,615
70.3
64,313
67.9
2,302
3.5

65,797
69.6
63,588
67.3
2,208
3.4

66,154
70.0
64,011
67.7
2,143
3.2

66,313
70.1
64,005
67.6
2,308
3.5

66,282
70.0
63,910
67.5
2,372
3.6

66,385
70.1
64,114
67.7
2,271
3.4

56,503
58.0
54,912
56.3
1,592
2.8

56,606
57.9
54,432
55.6
2,175
3.8

56,837
58.1
55,096
56.3
1,741
3.1

56,349
57.8
54,767
56.2
1,583
2.8

56,441
57.8
54,752
56.0
1,689
3.0

56,268
57.6
54,505
55.8
1,763
3.1

56,529
57.8
54,583
55.8
1,946
3.4

56,777
58.0
54,866
56.1
1,911
3.4

56,693
57.9
54,947
56.1
1,747
3.1

4,581
36.6
4,121
32.9
460
10.0

5,223
41.1
4,579
36.0
644
12.3

4,867
38.3
4,209
33.1
657
13.5

4,790
38.2
4,323
34.5
467
9.8

5,146
40.5
4,582
36.1
564
11.0

5,131
40.4
4,580
36.0
551
10.7

5,044
39.7
4,444
34.9
600
11.9

4,880
38.4
4,273
33.6
607
12.4

5,089
40.0
4,429
34.8
660
13.0

34,751
21,808
62.8
20,622
59.3
1,186
5.4
12,943

35,053
22,045
62.9
20,618
58.8
1,427
6.5
13,009

35,092
21,974
62.6
20,780
59.2
1,194
5.4
13,118

34,751
21,900
63.0
20,650
59.4
1,251
5.7
12,851

34,949
21,986
62.9
20,643
59.1
1,343
6.1
12,963

34,982
21,942
62.7
20,570
58.8
1,372
6.3
13,040

35,017
22,124
63.2
20,739
59.2
1,385
6.3
12,893

35,053
21,984
62.7
20,639
58.9
1,344
6.1
13,070

35,092
22,062
62.9
20,801
59.3
1,262
5.7
13,030

10,197
68.7
9,650
65.0
547
5.4

10,178
68.3
9,590
64.4
588
5.8

10,355
69.4
9,849
66.0
506
4.9

10,201
68.8
9,631
64.9
570
5.6

10,150
68.3
9,497
63.9
654
6.4

10,269
69.1
9,643
64.9
626
6.1

10,370
69.7
9,681
65.1
689
6.6

10,153
68.2
9,551
64.1
602
5.9

10,349
69.4
9,817
65.8
532
5.1

10,861
62.5
10,394
59.8
467
4.3

11,078
63.2
10,381
59.2
696
6.3

10,906
62.1
10,346
59.0
560
5.1

10,890
62.7
10,403
59.9
487
4.5

10,994
62.9
10,421
59.6
572
5.2

10,906
62.3
10,289
58.8
617
5.7

11,029
63.0
10,428
59.5
601
5.5

11,084
63.2
10,474
59.7
610
5.5

10,944
62.4
10,358
59.0
585
5.3

750
29.5
579
22.7
172
22.9

789
30.0
647
24.6
142
18.0

713
27.1
585
22.2
128
18.0

809
31.7
615
24.2
193
23.9

842
32.2
725
27.7
117
13.9

767
29.3
637
24.3
130
16.9

725
27.6
630
24.0
95
13.1

747
28.4
614
23.4
133
17.7

770
29.3
625
23.8
145
18.8

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sept.
2023
17,633
11,611
65.8
11,288
64.0
323
2.8
6,023

Aug.
2024
17,973
11,817
65.7
11,309
62.9
508
4.3
6,156

Sept.
2024
17,902
11,682
65.3
11,206
62.6
476
4.1
6,220

Sept.
2023
17,633
11,587
65.7
11,255
63.8
332
2.9
6,047

May
2024
17,993
11,754
65.3
11,393
63.3
361
3.1
6,239

June
2024
18,052
11,888
65.9
11,400
63.2
488
4.1
6,163

July
2024
17,971
11,814
65.7
11,383
63.3
431
3.7
6,158

Aug.
2024
17,973
11,755
65.4
11,269
62.7
486
4.1
6,218

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

Sept.
2024
17,902
11,683
65.3
11,202
62.6
481
4.1
6,219

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Sept.
2023

Aug.
2024

Sept.
2024

Sept.
2023

May
2024

June
2024

July
2024

Aug.
2024

Sept.
2024

47,774
32,099
67.2
30,706
64.3
1,393
4.3
15,675

49,071
33,273
67.8
31,418
64.0
1,856
5.6
15,798

49,180
33,083
67.3
31,481
64.0
1,602
4.8
16,097

47,774
32,115
67.2
30,637
64.1
1,478
4.6
15,659

48,764
32,815
67.3
31,185
64.0
1,630
5.0
15,949

48,864
33,002
67.5
31,388
64.2
1,614
4.9
15,862

48,966
32,946
67.3
31,191
63.7
1,755
5.3
16,020

49,071
33,264
67.8
31,443
64.1
1,822
5.5
15,807

49,180
33,172
67.4
31,484
64.0
1,687
5.1
16,008

17,246
79.5
16,586
76.4
660
3.8

17,839
80.4
17,004
76.7
834
4.7

17,677
79.5
17,039
76.7
638
3.6

17,256
79.5
16,520
76.1
736
4.3

17,592
79.8
16,767
76.1
826
4.7

17,769
80.5
17,023
77.1
746
4.2

17,710
80.0
16,923
76.5
786
4.4

17,834
80.4
16,980
76.6
854
4.8

17,697
79.6
16,978
76.4
720
4.1

13,395
61.9
12,826
59.2
569
4.2

13,904
62.4
13,175
59.1
729
5.2

13,912
62.3
13,250
59.3
662
4.8

13,355
61.7
12,785
59.0
570
4.3

13,582
61.3
13,032
58.9
550
4.1

13,555
61.1
12,951
58.4
604
4.5

13,690
61.6
12,949
58.2
741
5.4

13,921
62.5
13,223
59.3
698
5.0

13,924
62.3
13,262
59.4
663
4.8

1,457
33.0
1,293
29.3
164
11.3

1,531
33.2
1,238
26.9
293
19.1

1,495
32.4
1,192
25.8
302
20.2

1,504
34.1
1,332
30.2
172
11.4

1,641
35.8
1,386
30.2
254
15.5

1,678
36.5
1,414
30.8
264
15.7

1,546
33.6
1,319
28.7
227
14.7

1,509
32.7
1,239
26.9
269
17.8

1,550
33.6
1,245
27.0
305
19.7

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Sept.
2023

Aug.
2024

Sept.
2024

Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2023

May
2024

June
2024

July
2024

Aug.
2024

Sept.
2024

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9,287
47.5
8,865
45.3
422
4.5

9,418
47.9
8,807
44.8
611
6.5

9,355
48.1
8,802
45.3
553
5.9

9,203
47.0
8,698
44.4
506
5.5

9,046
46.0
8,515
43.3
531
5.9

9,145
47.0
8,604
44.2
541
5.9

9,199
49.0
8,583
45.7
616
6.7

9,452
48.1
8,785
44.7
667
7.1

9,262
47.6
8,630
44.4
632
6.8

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36,416
57.2
34,993
54.9
1,423
3.9

36,972
57.1
35,508
54.8
1,464
4.0

36,408
57.0
35,031
54.8
1,377
3.8

36,198
56.8
34,708
54.5
1,490
4.1

36,340
56.8
34,785
54.4
1,555
4.3

36,235
57.0
34,709
54.6
1,526
4.2

36,721
57.0
35,015
54.3
1,707
4.6

36,840
56.9
35,357
54.6
1,482
4.0

36,214
56.7
34,770
54.4
1,444
4.0

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36,016
62.9
34,976
61.1
1,041
2.9

35,239
62.9
33,939
60.6
1,300
3.7

35,990
63.3
34,808
61.2
1,182
3.3

35,918
62.7
34,843
60.8
1,076
3.0

35,610
63.1
34,517
61.1
1,092
3.1

35,569
62.7
34,353
60.5
1,216
3.4

35,688
63.0
34,425
60.8
1,263
3.5

35,578
63.5
34,352
61.3
1,226
3.4

35,899
63.1
34,680
61.0
1,219
3.4

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

64,285
73.5
62,946
71.9
1,340
2.1

65,080
72.8
63,217
70.7
1,864
2.9

65,527
72.9
64,073
71.3
1,454
2.2

64,234
73.4
62,851
71.8
1,383
2.2

64,994
72.8
63,622
71.3
1,372
2.1

65,352
72.8
63,800
71.1
1,552
2.4

65,256
72.7
63,724
71.0
1,532
2.3

65,291
73.0
63,653
71.2
1,639
2.5

65,465
72.9
63,962
71.2
1,503
2.3

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Sept.
2023

Men
Sept.
2024

Sept.
2023

Women
Sept.
2024

Sept.
2023

Sept.
2024

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17,856
8,488
47.5
8,189
45.9
299
3.5
9,368

17,509
8,445
48.2
8,215
46.9
230
2.7
9,064

15,812
7,293
46.1
7,047
44.6
245
3.4
8,519

15,455
7,250
46.9
7,072
45.8
178
2.5
8,205

2,044
1,195
58.5
1,141
55.8
54
4.5
849

2,054
1,195
58.2
1,143
55.6
52
4.3
859

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,068
3,952
78.0
3,752
74.0
200
5.1
1,116

5,300
4,217
79.6
4,110
77.5
107
2.5
1,083

4,120
3,238
78.6
3,071
74.5
167
5.2
882

4,333
3,517
81.2
3,435
79.3
82
2.3
815

948
714
75.3
681
71.8
33
4.6
234

967
700
72.3
675
69.7
25
3.6
268

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,961
2,082
70.3
2,031
68.6
51
2.4
879

2,875
1,943
67.6
1,888
65.7
55
2.8
932

2,534
1,812
71.5
1,763
69.6
49
2.7
722

2,435
1,666
68.4
1,628
66.9
37
2.2
770

427
270
63.1
268
62.7
2
0.7
157

440
277
63.1
259
58.9
18
6.5
162

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,918
802
13.6
786
13.3
16
2.0
5,116

5,577
704
12.6
686
12.3
18
2.6
4,873

5,667
768
13.5
759
13.4
9
1.2
4,899

5,340
673
12.6
656
12.3
17
2.5
4,667

251
35
13.8
27
10.9
7
–
216

237
31
13.2
30
12.7
1
–
206

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,909
1,651
42.2
1,620
41.4
32
1.9
2,258

3,757
1,580
42.1
1,531
40.8
49
3.1
2,177

3,491
1,474
42.2
1,454
41.7
20
1.4
2,017

3,347
1,394
41.7
1,352
40.4
42
3.0
1,953

418
177
42.3
165
39.6
12
6.5
241

410
186
45.4
179
43.7
7
3.7
224

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

240,361
156,823
65.2
151,346
63.0
5,477
3.5
83,538

242,028
157,579
65.1
151,614
62.6
5,965
3.8
84,449

110,172
80,635
73.2
77,634
70.5
3,001
3.7
29,537

110,883
80,719
72.8
77,630
70.0
3,089
3.8
30,165

130,189
76,188
58.5
73,712
56.6
2,476
3.2
54,002

131,145
76,860
58.6
73,985
56.4
2,876
3.7
54,285

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Sept.
2023

Sept.
2024

Persons with no disability
Sept.
2023

Sept.
2024

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

34,146
8,275
24.2
7,674
22.5
601
7.3
25,871

33,660
8,243
24.5
7,646
22.7
597
7.2
25,417

233,282
159,443
68.3
153,995
66.0
5,447
3.4
73,839

235,420
160,327
68.1
154,400
65.6
5,927
3.7
75,093

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

3,543
41.9
3,278
38.7
265
7.5
4,916

3,445
42.4
3,155
38.9
290
8.4
4,674

79,399
83.0
76,409
79.9
2,991
3.8
16,260

79,242
82.8
76,242
79.7
3,000
3.8
16,414

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

3,313
38.8
3,045
35.6
268
8.1
5,234

3,381
39.2
3,129
36.3
252
7.5
5,247

70,044
72.9
67,809
70.5
2,234
3.2
26,089

70,502
73.0
67,832
70.2
2,670
3.8
26,067

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,419
8.3
1,351
7.9
68
4.8
15,721

1,417
8.4
1,361
8.0
55
3.9
15,497

10,000
24.1
9,777
23.6
222
2.2
31,490

10,582
24.5
10,326
23.9
256
2.4
32,612

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Sept.
2023

Men
Sept.
2024

Sept.
2023

Women
Sept.
2024

Sept.
2023

Sept.
2024

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

46,707
31,336
67.1
30,213
64.7
1,123
3.6
15,371

48,800
32,781
67.2
31,414
64.4
1,368
4.2
16,018

22,753
17,769
78.1
17,154
75.4
615
3.5
4,985

24,105
18,766
77.9
18,142
75.3
624
3.3
5,339

23,953
13,567
56.6
13,059
54.5
508
3.7
10,386

24,695
14,015
56.8
13,272
53.7
744
5.3
10,680

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

220,721
136,382
61.8
131,457
59.6
4,926
3.6
84,339

220,280
135,788
61.6
130,632
59.3
5,156
3.8
84,492

107,959
71,391
66.1
68,591
63.5
2,799
3.9
36,569

107,081
70,442
65.8
67,612
63.1
2,831
4.0
36,639

112,762
64,992
57.6
62,865
55.8
2,126
3.3
47,770

113,199
65,346
57.7
63,020
55.7
2,325
3.6
47,853

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2023

Aug.
2024

Sept.
2024

Sept.
2023

May
2024

June
2024

July
2024

Aug.
2024

Sept.
2024

2,288
1,551
699
39
159,381
150,233
21,480
128,753
665
128,089
9,114
33

2,393
1,719
652
22
158,955
149,379
20,854
128,526
613
127,913
9,545
31

2,273
1,648
617
8
159,772
150,426
22,176
128,251
654
127,597
9,300
46

2,286
1,563
694
–
159,306
150,134
21,618
128,558
–
127,958
9,043
–

2,221
1,504
657
–
158,919
149,413
21,613
127,746
–
127,072
9,408
–

2,379
1,666
655
–
158,984
149,846
21,560
128,300
–
127,646
9,025
–

2,273
1,595
641
–
159,100
149,789
21,607
128,166
–
127,515
9,191
–

2,327
1,659
630
–
159,108
149,476
21,431
127,962
–
127,371
9,475
–

2,267
1,641
614
–
159,635
150,298
22,216
128,095
–
127,450
9,235
–

3,742
2,608
940
22,309

4,757
3,203
1,133
21,050

4,297
2,807
1,298
22,704

4,069
2,799
940
22,177

4,419
3,086
1,042
22,662

4,220
2,832
1,144
22,341

4,566
2,985
1,195
22,036

4,830
3,303
1,144
22,561

4,624
2,999
1,274
22,566

3,698
2,579
930
21,883

4,677
3,157
1,108
20,682

4,227
2,751
1,298
22,374

3,988
2,753
930
21,752

4,340
3,036
1,028
22,285

4,138
2,778
1,134
21,947

4,491
2,937
1,188
21,681

4,737
3,261
1,124
22,170

4,518
2,928
1,271
22,232

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2023

Aug.
2024

Sept.
2024

Sept.
2023

May
2024

June
2024

July
2024

Aug.
2024

Sept.
2024

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

161,669
5,321
2,134
3,186
156,349
14,569
141,780
103,831
36,008
35,625
32,199
37,949

161,348
5,782
2,275
3,508
155,566
14,096
141,470
103,757
35,324
36,227
32,206
37,713

162,046
5,357
2,217
3,141
156,688
13,975
142,713
104,493
35,634
36,567
32,293
38,220

161,550
5,578
2,121
3,432
155,972
14,684
141,218
103,515
35,945
35,501
32,069
37,704

161,083
5,871
2,153
3,733
155,212
13,945
141,385
103,919
35,694
36,121
32,105
37,466

161,199
5,782
2,207
3,556
155,417
14,050
141,364
103,874
35,645
36,147
32,081
37,491

161,266
5,612
2,139
3,418
155,654
14,081
141,594
104,120
35,569
36,270
32,281
37,475

161,434
5,393
2,034
3,327
156,041
13,917
141,988
104,144
35,495
36,332
32,317
37,844

161,864
5,624
2,193
3,398
156,240
14,075
142,147
104,192
35,572
36,456
32,164
37,955

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

85,745
2,688
1,064
1,624
83,057
7,248
75,809
55,489
19,175
19,188
17,126
20,319

85,379
2,827
1,098
1,728
82,552
7,236
75,316
55,208
18,810
19,359
17,039
20,109

85,754
2,663
1,052
1,611
83,091
7,164
75,927
55,471
18,918
19,525
17,028
20,456

85,657
2,804
1,061
1,725
82,853
7,316
75,452
55,279
19,120
19,112
17,047
20,173

84,882
2,896
996
1,915
81,986
7,110
74,943
54,970
18,872
19,210
16,888
19,973

85,514
2,896
1,061
1,818
82,618
7,218
75,358
55,294
18,992
19,304
16,998
20,063

85,390
2,814
1,045
1,720
82,576
7,160
75,412
55,378
19,033
19,371
16,973
20,035

85,075
2,623
967
1,616
82,452
7,071
75,279
55,162
18,831
19,322
17,010
20,117

85,596
2,781
1,041
1,719
82,815
7,219
75,555
55,262
18,864
19,450
16,948
20,293

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

75,924
2,633
1,071
1,562
73,292
7,321
65,971
48,342
16,832
16,437
15,073
17,629

75,970
2,956
1,176
1,780
73,014
6,860
66,154
48,550
16,515
16,868
15,167
17,604

76,292
2,694
1,164
1,530
73,598
6,811
66,786
49,022
16,716
17,042
15,264
17,764

75,893
2,774
1,061
1,707
73,119
7,368
65,766
48,236
16,825
16,389
15,022
17,530

76,201
2,975
1,158
1,818
73,226
6,835
66,442
48,950
16,822
16,910
15,217
17,492

75,684
2,886
1,145
1,739
72,798
6,833
66,007
48,579
16,653
16,843
15,083
17,427

75,876
2,798
1,095
1,698
73,078
6,921
66,182
48,742
16,536
16,899
15,308
17,440

76,359
2,770
1,067
1,712
73,589
6,846
66,709
48,982
16,665
17,010
15,307
17,727

76,268
2,842
1,152
1,680
73,426
6,856
66,591
48,930
16,708
17,005
15,216
17,661

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46,588
37,300
9,882

45,826
36,949
10,130

46,371
37,600
9,852

46,338
37,198
–

45,712
37,020
–

45,902
36,964
–

46,060
36,981
–

45,952
37,341
–

46,053
37,469
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

134,560
27,109

134,396
26,953

134,145
27,901

134,145
27,348

133,264
28,004

133,236
28,054

133,684
27,729

133,246
28,256

133,660
28,161

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,146
5.0

8,236
5.1

8,648
5.3

8,173
5.1

8,399
5.2

8,340
5.2

8,473
5.3

8,538
5.3

8,659
5.3

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,684
9,813

6,911
10,197

7,174
9,917

–
9,737

–
10,065

–
9,681

–
9,831

–
10,105

–
9,849

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex
married couples only.
2
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,
referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Sept.
2023

Aug.
2024

Sept.
2024

Sept.
2023

May
2024

June
2024

July
2024

Aug.
2024

Sept.
2024

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,347
743
311
431
5,604
1,104
4,431
3,423
1,492
1,015
916
1,028

7,115
888
363
533
6,227
1,184
4,997
3,850
1,667
1,296
887
1,154

6,834
935
369
559
5,899
1,054
4,795
3,702
1,531
1,276
895
1,107

3.8
11.8
12.8
11.1
3.5
7.0
3.0
3.2
4.0
2.8
2.8
2.7

4.0
12.3
13.6
11.4
3.6
7.9
3.2
3.3
4.1
3.3
2.5
2.7

4.1
12.1
12.6
11.8
3.7
7.5
3.3
3.5
4.4
3.3
2.7
2.8

4.3
12.4
11.3
13.5
3.9
7.7
3.5
3.6
4.8
3.2
2.9
3.1

4.2
14.1
15.1
13.8
3.8
7.8
3.4
3.6
4.5
3.4
2.7
3.0

4.1
14.3
14.4
14.1
3.6
7.0
3.3
3.4
4.1
3.4
2.7
2.8

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,678
407
192
223
3,271
663
2,575
2,053
913
589
550
522

3,875
470
205
270
3,405
644
2,718
2,033
888
659
487
686

3,712
520
209
315
3,192
573
2,604
1,989
826
677
485
615

4.1
12.7
15.4
11.4
3.8
8.3
3.3
3.6
4.6
3.0
3.1
2.5

4.2
14.6
16.6
13.0
3.8
8.3
3.3
3.5
4.3
3.4
2.7
2.7

4.1
12.9
12.3
13.3
3.8
8.0
3.3
3.5
4.3
3.3
2.8
2.8

4.4
13.1
10.5
15.2
4.0
7.9
3.6
3.7
4.7
3.4
2.9
3.3

4.4
15.2
17.5
14.3
4.0
8.3
3.5
3.6
4.5
3.3
2.8
3.3

4.2
15.8
16.7
15.5
3.7
7.3
3.3
3.5
4.2
3.4
2.8
2.9

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,669
336
119
208
2,333
441
1,857
1,370
579
426
366
492

3,240
418
158
263
2,822
540
2,279
1,817
780
637
400
477

3,123
415
160
243
2,708
482
2,191
1,713
705
599
410
479

3.4
10.8
10.1
10.8
3.1
5.6
2.7
2.8
3.3
2.5
2.4
2.7

3.7
9.9
10.8
9.7
3.4
7.4
3.0
3.1
3.7
3.1
2.3
2.7

4.0
11.2
12.8
10.1
3.7
7.0
3.4
3.6
4.6
3.4
2.6
2.9

4.1
11.7
12.1
11.7
3.8
7.4
3.4
3.6
4.9
2.9
2.9
2.9

4.1
13.1
12.9
13.3
3.7
7.3
3.3
3.6
4.5
3.6
2.5
2.6

3.9
12.7
12.2
12.7
3.6
6.6
3.2
3.4
4.0
3.4
2.6
2.6

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

985
809
415

1,007
917
601

1,006
930
482

2.1
2.1
4.0

1.9
2.1
4.4

1.9
2.3
6.2

2.1
2.4
5.6

2.1
2.4
5.6

2.1
2.4
4.7

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,061
1,231

5,757
1,357

5,533
1,246

3.6
4.3

3.9
4.0

4.0
4.2

4.1
4.7

4.1
4.6

4.0
4.2

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to
persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
2
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,
but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an
opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Sept.
2023

Aug.
2024

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2024

Sept.
2023

May
2024

June
2024

July
2024

Aug.
2024

Sept.
2024

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

2,522
478
2,044
1,409
634
859
2,114
553

3,431
922
2,510
1,743
766
923
2,239
821

2,879
557
2,322
1,667
655
884
2,131
630

2,869
813
2,056
1,421
636
797
2,024
586

3,220
836
2,384
1,764
620
717
2,046
630

3,176
813
2,362
1,643
719
752
2,094
708

3,490
1,062
2,427
1,682
746
855
2,160
650

3,328
872
2,456
1,688
768
845
2,132
718

3,233
894
2,340
1,682
658
818
2,046
662

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

41.7
7.9
33.8
14.2
34.9
9.1

46.3
12.4
33.8
12.4
30.2
11.1

44.1
8.5
35.6
13.6
32.7
9.7

45.7
13.0
32.8
12.7
32.3
9.3

48.7
12.6
36.0
10.8
30.9
9.5

47.2
12.1
35.1
11.2
31.1
10.5

48.8
14.8
33.9
11.9
30.2
9.1

47.4
12.4
35.0
12.0
30.4
10.2

47.8
13.2
34.6
12.1
30.3
9.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

1.5
0.5
1.3
0.3

2.0
0.5
1.3
0.5

1.7
0.5
1.3
0.4

1.7
0.5
1.2
0.3

1.9
0.4
1.2
0.4

1.9
0.4
1.2
0.4

2.1
0.5
1.3
0.4

2.0
0.5
1.3
0.4

1.9
0.5
1.2
0.4

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Sept.
2023

Aug.
2024

Sept.
2024

Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2023

May
2024

June
2024

July
2024

Aug.
2024

Sept.
2024

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,023
1,865
2,161
928
1,233

2,442
2,395
2,578
1,028
1,550

2,095
1,803
2,626
1,021
1,605

2,053
2,043
2,288
985
1,303

2,309
1,918
2,305
955
1,350

2,128
2,102
2,603
1,087
1,516

2,351
2,141
2,622
1,087
1,535

2,468
2,019
2,700
1,167
1,533

2,146
1,982
2,749
1,119
1,630

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21.9
9.7

20.8
9.5

23.1
10.7

21.4
9.1

21.2
8.9

20.7
9.8

20.6
9.4

21.0
9.4

22.6
9.9

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

33.4
30.8
35.7
15.3
20.4

32.9
32.3
34.8
13.9
20.9

32.1
27.6
40.2
15.7
24.6

32.2
32.0
35.8
15.4
20.4

35.3
29.4
35.3
14.6
20.7

31.1
30.8
38.1
15.9
22.2

33.0
30.1
36.9
15.3
21.6

34.3
28.1
37.6
16.2
21.3

31.2
28.8
40.0
16.3
23.7

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployment
rates

Unemployed

Sept.
2023

Sept.
2024

Sept.
2023

Sept.
2024

Sept.
2023

Sept.
2024

161,669
70,417

162,046
70,916

6,049
1,466

6,524
1,647

3.6
2.0

3.9
2.3

30,768
39,649
26,659
30,393
14,353
16,040

30,843
40,073
27,014
29,642
13,797
15,845

655
811
1,134
1,270
612
658

705
942
1,341
1,249
649
601

2.1
2.0
4.1
4.0
4.1
3.9

2.2
2.3
4.7
4.0
4.5
3.7

14,276
1,058
8,248
4,970

14,600
1,049
8,606
4,945

566
70
416
80

598
96
384
118

3.8
6.2
4.8
1.6

3.9
8.4
4.3
2.3

19,924
8,163
11,761

19,874
7,658
12,217

1,038
277
761

1,041
344
697

5.0
3.3
6.1

5.0
4.3
5.4

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect
the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification
system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly
comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Sept.
2023

Sept.
2024

Sept.
2023

Sept.
2024

6,049
4,762
16
392
495
278
217
889
379
117
190
699
638
734
211
62
393
278

6,524
4,968
12
403
481
278
204
848
373
98
238
746
816
761
192
135
434
356

3.6
3.6
2.6
3.8
3.2
2.8
3.9
4.5
4.7
4.3
1.9
3.6
2.4
5.4
3.1
3.9
1.8
2.7

3.9
3.7
2.0
3.7
3.2
2.9
3.9
4.4
4.6
3.8
2.4
3.7
3.1
5.6
2.8
7.9
1.9
3.4

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the
introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from
the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2023

Aug.
2024

Sept.
2024

Sept.
2023

May
2024

June
2024

July
2024

Aug.
2024

Sept.
2024

1.3

1.5

1.6

1.4

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.6

1.6

1.5

2.0

1.7

1.7

1.9

1.9

2.1

2.0

1.9

3.6

4.4

3.9

3.8

4.0

4.1

4.3

4.2

4.1

3.8

4.6

4.1

4.0

4.2

4.3

4.5

4.4

4.3

4.5

5.2

4.8

4.6

4.8

4.9

5.1

5.0

5.0

6.7

8.0

7.3

7.0

7.4

7.4

7.8

7.9

7.7

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Sept.
2023

Men
Sept.
2024

Sept.
2023

Women
Sept.
2024

Sept.
2023

Sept.
2024

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

99,710
5,299
1,492
351
1,141

100,511
5,591
1,676
432
1,244

41,553
2,364
756
189
567

41,978
2,480
830
218
612

58,156
2,935
736
162
575

58,533
3,110
845
214
631

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,146
5.0
4,730
1,888
447
1,008

8,648
5.3
4,817
2,307
359
1,110

3,959
4.6
2,469
659
272
520

4,067
4.7
2,430
834
201
574

4,186
5.5
2,262
1,229
175
489

4,581
6.0
2,386
1,473
157
537

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2023

July
2024

Aug.
2024p

Sept.
2024p

Sept.
2023

July
2024

Aug.
2024p

Sept.
2024p

156,845
133,861
21,818

158,399
136,256
22,119

158,717
136,176
22,120

159,177
135,718
22,014

156,667
133,764
21,664

158,692
135,347
21,833

158,851
135,461
21,838

159,105
135,684
21,859

Change
from:
Aug.2024 Sept.2024p
254
223
21

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.. .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining (except oil and gas). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

649
46.2
602.7
118.1
189.2
42.8
43.8

642
39.6
601.9
121.0
192.7
44.0
43.9

644
39.5
604.5
120.7
192.1
43.2
44.0

645
39.9
604.7
119.8
190.5
43.0
43.5

645
45.5
599.7
117.6
186.8
42.7
43.7

635
38.5
596.7
120.0
188.8
43.6
43.5

636
38.1
597.6
119.1
188.4
43.2
43.5

639
38.3
600.5
119.8
188.1
43.0
43.5

3
0.2
2.9
0.7
-0.3
-0.2
0.0

102.6
295.4

104.8
288.2

104.9
291.7

104.0
294.4

100.4
295.3

101.7
287.9

101.6
290.1

101.7
292.6

0.1
2.5

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building construction. . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building construction. . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

8,216
1,833.5
932.9
900.6
1,180.0
5,202.8
2,419.8
2,783.0

8,464
1,914.8
963.7
951.1
1,191.2
5,358.4
2,479.4
2,879.0

8,496
1,914.8
966.1
948.7
1,205.3
5,375.7
2,478.3
2,897.4

8,446
1,889.6
957.1
932.5
1,203.3
5,353.1
2,454.9
2,898.2

8,065
1,819.5
928.7
890.8
1,128.0
5,117.4
2,387.0
2,730.4

8,247
1,876.2
945.9
930.3
1,141.3
5,229.7
2,416.6
2,813.1

8,278
1,880.3
949.5
930.8
1,152.1
5,245.1
2,418.9
2,826.2

8,303
1,879.4
951.5
927.9
1,155.9
5,267.9
2,424.7
2,843.2

25
-0.9
2.0
-2.9
3.8
22.8
5.8
17.0

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral product
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metal manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal product manufacturing. . . .
Machinery manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic product
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Communications equipment
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductor and other electronic
component manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Navigational, measuring, electromedical,
and control instruments
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic
and optical media and audio and video
equipment manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment, appliance, and
component manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment manufacturing1. . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related product
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemical manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

12,953

13,013

12,980

12,923

12,954

12,951

12,924

12,917

-7

8,117
415.7

8,155
419.5

8,125
416.6

8,090
414.5

8,125
416.5

8,130
416.3

8,100
415.1

8,097
414.3

-3
-0.8

425.1
375.1
1,454.5
1,134.7

428.3
373.8
1,466.8
1,138.3

427.9
373.8
1,461.3
1,132.0

428.2
371.6
1,460.9
1,126.4

421.4
375.9
1,457.2
1,139.1

423.3
372.6
1,461.5
1,131.1

422.4
372.5
1,459.7
1,129.3

423.7
371.8
1,463.4
1,130.7

1.3
-0.7
3.7
1.4

1,103.7

1,108.7

1,101.9

1,096.0

1,106.6

1,099.5

1,097.3

1,097.5

0.2

162.2

160.8

160.5

160.0

162.3

160.0

159.7

160.1

0.4

86.2

85.6

84.7

84.6

86.8

84.8

84.7

84.6

-0.1

389.9

395.7

393.3

389.5

391.9

391.5

391.3

390.5

-0.8

434.1

435.3

432.0

430.8

434.5

432.5

430.8

431.3

0.5

31.3

31.3

31.4

31.1

31.2

30.8

30.9

30.9

0.0

416.1
1,814.6
1,057.2

407.6
1,847.0
1,065.3

403.2
1,847.3
1,071.5

400.1
1,839.5
1,065.1

416.7
1,810.3
1,052.8

405.2
1,860.8
1,082.5

402.0
1,844.1
1,069.1

400.0
1,838.9
1,062.6

-2.0
-5.2
-6.5

350.8
626.2

342.5
622.1

341.2
619.8

336.4
616.3

354.0
627.1

341.3
618.5

339.7
618.3

338.1
618.5

-1.6
0.2

4,836
1,728.9
90.0
97.5
88.7
353.0
363.9

4,858
1,750.2
90.4
95.0
84.3
350.3
360.9

4,855
1,756.5
89.6
94.3
84.1
348.9
361.4

4,833
1,757.1
89.1
94.1
83.5
346.7
361.5

4,829
1,723.4
89.8
97.7
89.1
353.8
366.0

4,821
1,739.8
89.7
95.0
84.0
350.1
360.4

4,824
1,744.7
88.9
93.8
84.1
349.5
360.6

4,820
1,747.1
88.9
94.4
83.7
347.5
361.3

-4
2.4
0.0
0.6
-0.4
-2.0
0.7

108.9
897.7

110.7
908.1

110.7
904.8

109.4
899.9

107.6
902.1

108.1
902.3

107.9
902.5

107.9
902.2

0.0
-0.3

736.4

726.1

723.4

717.1

737.7

723.3

722.4

720.7

-1.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Sept.
2023

July
2024

Aug.
2024p

Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2024p

Sept.
2023

July
2024

Aug.
2024p

Sept.
2024p

Change
from:
Aug.2024 Sept.2024p

Nondurable goods - Continued
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied
product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

371.0

381.6

381.3

374.9

362.2

368.5

369.2

366.1

-3.1

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

112,043

114,137

114,056

113,704

112,100

113,514

113,623

113,825

202

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

28,724

28,965

28,908

28,902

28,882

29,036

29,031

29,044

13

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods. . . . . . .
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods. . .
Wholesale trade agents and brokers. . . . . . . .

6,131.8
3,406.7
2,210.4
514.7

6,210.4
3,462.4
2,232.9
515.1

6,197.0
3,454.1
2,228.6
514.3

6,174.5
3,438.7
2,221.3
514.5

6,133.3
3,408.8
2,210.0
514.5

6,175.2
3,444.8
2,217.2
513.2

6,175.6
3,443.2
2,219.3
513.1

6,177.5
3,443.2
2,220.8
513.5

1.9
0.0
1.5
0.4

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire
retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden equipment
and supplies dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics,
and appliance retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and home furnishings retailers.. .
Electronics and appliance retailers. . . . . . . .
General merchandise retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and
other general merchandise retailers. . . .
Health and personal care retailers. . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers. . . . . . . . . .
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and
jewelry retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument,
book, and miscellaneous retailers. . . . . . . . .

15,474.2
2,063.1
1,282.3
179.3

15,671.1
2,085.3
1,305.5
176.6

15,610.9
2,082.1
1,304.4
172.2

15,538.3
2,077.7
1,305.4
168.0

15,612.0
2,058.8
1,281.7
177.7

15,661.3
2,073.7
1,304.2
167.5

15,652.5
2,073.8
1,303.0
166.2

15,668.1
2,074.1
1,304.3
166.0

15.6
0.3
1.3
-0.2

601.5

603.2

605.5

604.3

599.4

602.0

604.5

603.8

-0.7

1,381.6
3,221.4

1,403.5
3,273.9

1,377.8
3,261.1

1,356.3
3,241.0

1,400.3
3,240.7

1,376.2
3,258.2

1,374.7
3,259.1

1,373.5
3,261.7

-1.2
2.6

831.6
423.1
408.5
3,184.8
938.3

801.2
411.0
390.2
3,262.3
954.7

807.7
413.2
394.5
3,251.7
948.8

814.6
416.5
398.1
3,257.6
958.1

839.0
430.6
408.4
3,240.1
967.3

816.9
419.7
397.2
3,289.8
972.5

818.9
420.3
398.6
3,288.9
970.2

820.7
421.1
399.6
3,293.1
974.4

1.8
0.8
1.0
4.2
4.2

2,246.5
1,085.4
1,070.2

2,307.6
1,077.1
1,092.3

2,302.9
1,071.9
1,089.8

2,299.5
1,081.4
1,081.2

2,272.8
1,098.9
1,066.4

2,317.3
1,093.1
1,080.0

2,318.7
1,086.9
1,080.2

2,318.8
1,090.9
1,081.1

0.1
4.0
0.9

1,116.6

1,125.7

1,126.2

1,100.4

1,138.4

1,134.5

1,132.0

1,134.8

2.8

1,519.5

1,549.8

1,542.6

1,528.1

1,529.4

1,538.9

1,538.0

1,538.2

0.2

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,540.8
561.5
152.7
72.6
1,562.0

6,489.9
579.2
150.8
78.5
1,560.8

6,508.6
579.4
150.2
77.8
1,563.8

6,596.5
575.3
150.2
77.0
1,557.7

6,557.9
560.0
152.8
70.9
1,551.1

6,609.3
575.2
150.9
75.3
1,545.0

6,612.5
577.1
150.3
74.7
1,544.3

6,603.9
575.6
150.1
75.4
1,543.6

-8.6
-1.5
-0.2
0.7
-0.7

443.7
52.4
35.2
826.9
1,048.6
1,785.2

376.9
55.2
43.9
853.2
1,032.7
1,758.7

379.6
54.0
44.4
853.9
1,043.3
1,762.2

457.5
54.6
39.7
852.9
1,061.2
1,770.4

429.3
52.5
29.4
825.8
1,093.8
1,792.3

435.4
54.9
35.5
854.4
1,099.9
1,782.8

439.5
54.2
35.7
855.7
1,099.4
1,781.6

442.9
54.6
34.7
855.7
1,100.7
1,770.6

3.4
0.4
-1.0
0.0
1.3
-11.0

594.2

3.4

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

577.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting and content providers. . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computing infrastructure providers, data
processing, web hosting, and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and
other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,000

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities-central bank. . . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

594.0
3,025

591.8
3,024

593.0
2,994

578.3
3,008

590.5
2,999

590.8
2,992

2,996

4

398.0
950.1
341.9
641.4

461.0
930.2
338.0
624.3

463.7
930.1
336.7
620.2

440.0
929.9
334.9
613.4

400.3
955.0
343.1
640.9

447.3
921.3
338.6
621.9

447.3
918.6
337.1
619.0

445.6
919.7
336.1
617.4

-1.7
1.1
-1.0
-1.6

491.9

495.9

496.4

500.9

490.8

494.9

495.2

501.2

6.0

176.8

175.7

177.0

175.1

177.4

174.6

175.2

175.5

0.3

9,220
6,727.8
22.6

9,318
6,780.4
23.1

9,311
6,771.5
23.3

9,259
6,749.3
23.2

9,223
6,742.1
22.6

9,244
6,747.8
22.7

9,254
6,751.1
23.0

9,259
6,756.8
23.2

5
5.7
0.2

2,615.7

2,589.8

2,582.2

2,570.9

2,622.3

2,578.9

2,578.4

2,576.3

-2.1

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Seasonally adjusted
Change
from:
Aug.2024 Sept.2024p

Sept.
2023

July
2024

Aug.
2024p

Sept.
2024p

Sept.
2023

July
2024

Aug.
2024p

Sept.
2024p

1,790.3
1,384.2
532.6
292.8

1,778.4
1,366.4
530.4
281.0

1,775.0
1,362.8
527.0
280.2

1,767.5
1,355.6
526.8
276.6

1,796.9
1,389.6
533.1
292.3

1,770.7
1,360.6
527.4
280.9

1,771.2
1,359.7
526.4
280.7

1,773.8
1,360.6
526.1
276.4

2.6
0.9
-0.3
-4.3

1,102.3
2,987.2
2,492.6
1,861.5
608.0

1,133.8
3,033.7
2,537.8
1,909.5
604.5

1,130.1
3,035.9
2,539.1
1,907.7
607.5

1,120.7
3,034.5
2,509.9
1,891.9
594.1

1,107.8
2,989.4
2,481.0
1,860.2
597.7

1,120.2
3,026.0
2,496.1
1,889.0
583.5

1,119.9
3,029.8
2,503.3
1,891.6
588.0

1,122.7
3,034.6
2,501.8
1,893.7
584.2

2.8
4.8
-1.5
2.1
-3.8

Credit intermediation and related Continued
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts, funds,
trusts, and other financial vehicles,
investments, and related activities. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets
(except copyrighted works). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional, scientific, and technical
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping,
and payroll services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architectural, engineering, and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, scientific, and technical
consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising, public relations, and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional, scientific, and technical
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services. . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Private educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

23.1

23.8

23.9

23.9

23.1

23.6

23.7

23.9

0.2

22,938

23,057

23,057

23,027

22,864

22,976

22,972

22,989

17

10,795.6
1,178.2

11,075.5
1,192.7

11,034.4
1,175.2

10,949.7
1,172.7

10,874.1
1,185.0

11,029.6
1,182.6

11,033.8
1,179.8

11,046.1
1,181.4

12.3
1.6

1,099.0

1,137.5

1,130.0

1,121.7

1,151.8

1,173.3

1,175.9

1,177.9

2.0

1,670.9
153.1

1,737.6
152.8

1,733.6
153.1

1,712.2
151.8

1,667.1
154.1

1,707.8
152.3

1,707.1
152.6

1,708.0
151.7

0.9
-0.9

2,491.7

2,561.7

2,561.0

2,531.9

2,506.0

2,548.6

2,551.6

2,554.5

2.9

1,878.1

1,909.5

1,903.3

1,893.7

1,881.7

1,903.8

1,903.4

1,904.1

0.7

942.6

970.3

964.0

957.7

945.3

955.8

956.2

959.1

2.9

509.9

525.2

522.2

522.0

511.0

522.6

521.6

523.3

1.7

872.1
2,562.8

888.2
2,584.2

892.0
2,570.0

886.0
2,564.7

872.2
2,566.0

882.9
2,567.4

885.6
2,560.1

886.1
2,566.5

0.5
6.4

9,579.1
9,071.4
628.3
172.5
3,652.0
2,881.6
733.6

9,397.1
8,871.3
634.8
184.1
3,369.9
2,594.2
688.7

9,452.7
8,925.3
633.6
187.3
3,429.5
2,646.4
688.7

9,512.2
8,988.9
639.4
186.6
3,497.5
2,709.8
696.6

9,423.7
8,920.8
626.1
170.6
3,588.1
2,822.0
736.1

9,379.3
8,860.1
632.4
183.0
3,479.8
2,696.5
699.3

9,378.0
8,857.9
633.5
184.2
3,474.8
2,690.0
696.7

9,376.0
8,856.3
637.2
186.0
3,462.8
2,676.2
695.7

-2.0
-1.6
3.7
1.8
-12.0
-13.8
-1.0

194.1
1,008.2
2,339.6
343.1

196.4
1,022.2
2,428.1
347.1

197.5
1,028.5
2,413.5
346.7

195.2
1,035.8
2,388.4
349.4

193.0
1,004.9
2,263.8
338.2

194.1
1,024.1
2,302.1
345.3

194.7
1,025.8
2,303.4
344.9

193.9
1,028.2
2,306.5
345.9

-0.8
2.4
3.1
1.0

507.7

525.8

527.4

523.3

502.9

519.2

520.1

519.7

-0.4

25,531
3,826.4
21,704.9
17,102.7
8,524.8
2,942.8
1,027.1
1,165.2
1,060.2
322.5
1,654.1

26,093
3,577.4
22,516.0
17,705.0
8,824.1
3,035.2
1,044.6
1,209.2
1,089.2
316.5
1,774.0

26,203
3,614.5
22,588.8
17,755.2
8,856.7
3,039.4
1,047.3
1,221.6
1,091.7
316.7
1,780.5

26,500
3,866.8
22,632.8
17,769.3
8,866.1
3,032.0
1,041.7
1,222.3
1,095.3
315.3
1,798.2

25,560
3,826.5
21,733.8
17,103.3
8,537.4
2,947.7
1,031.3
1,167.3
1,063.4
323.5
1,651.9

26,403
3,868.4
22,534.2
17,697.6
8,832.9
3,036.6
1,041.8
1,212.2
1,091.6
317.4
1,775.4

26,463
3,875.2
22,588.1
17,733.9
8,854.7
3,040.3
1,042.0
1,219.8
1,094.0
317.1
1,781.7

26,544
3,884.6
22,659.8
17,779.1
8,879.0
3,042.2
1,043.9
1,223.3
1,099.3
315.7
1,794.4

81
9.4
71.7
45.2
24.3
1.9
1.9
3.5
5.3
-1.4
12.7

352.9
5,391.6

355.4
5,576.3

359.5
5,589.3

361.3
5,599.4

352.3
5,380.0

358.0
5,574.1

359.9
5,586.0

360.4
5,597.5

0.5
11.5

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2023

July
2024

Aug.
2024p

Sept.
2024p

Sept.
2023

July
2024

Aug.
2024p

Sept.
2024p

Change
from:
Aug.2024 Sept.2024p

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Skilled nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential intellectual and
developmental disability, mental
health, and substance abuse
facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Continuing care retirement
communities and assisted living
facilities for the elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Community food and housing, and
emergency and other relief services. . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,186.3
1,432.4

3,304.6
1,478.5

3,309.2
1,480.1

3,303.8
1,478.8

3,185.9
1,430.5

3,290.6
1,471.0

3,293.2
1,471.1

3,302.6
1,475.0

9.4
3.9

645.6

675.0

674.0

672.9

644.7

672.1

671.7

673.1

1.4

951.1
157.2
4,602.2
3,064.4

983.6
167.5
4,811.0
3,259.3

988.9
166.2
4,833.6
3,276.4

985.8
166.3
4,863.5
3,278.1

953.5
157.3
4,630.5
3,082.2

981.5
166.1
4,836.6
3,250.4

985.2
165.1
4,854.2
3,271.1

988.6
166.0
4,880.7
3,292.3

3.4
0.9
26.5
21.2

220.1
282.2
1,035.5

233.0
295.4
1,023.3

231.7
290.2
1,035.3

230.9
288.5
1,066.0

222.6
283.1
1,042.6

233.1
291.9
1,061.3

232.5
289.3
1,061.4

232.7
290.1
1,065.6

0.2
0.8
4.2

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts, spectator sports, and
related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amusement, gambling, and recreation
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

16,791
2,586.6

17,689
3,000.6

17,592
2,927.0

17,121
2,692.1

16,708
2,539.0

16,944
2,663.5

16,997
2,674.5

17,075
2,676.5

78
2.0

623.2

662.4

670.0

664.1

594.0

634.9

645.4

645.5

0.1

176.3

193.9

188.5

179.2

174.9

177.6

177.3

176.8

-0.5

1,787.1
14,203.9
1,932.4
12,271.5

2,144.3
14,688.6
2,073.0
12,615.6

2,068.5
14,664.7
2,045.9
12,618.8

1,848.8
14,428.8
1,952.6
12,476.2

1,770.1
14,168.6
1,908.7
12,259.9

1,851.0
14,280.3
1,917.0
12,363.3

1,851.8
14,322.2
1,921.4
12,400.8

1,854.2
14,398.2
1,928.0
12,470.2

2.4
76.0
6.6
69.4

5,839
1,463.6
1,546.9

5,990
1,485.1
1,573.9

5,961
1,477.7
1,570.5

5,901
1,471.6
1,562.2

5,855
1,464.3
1,552.8

5,912
1,474.6
1,562.4

5,914
1,473.0
1,563.4

5,918
1,473.3
1,565.5

4
0.3
2.1

Industry

Health care - Continued

1

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional,
and similar organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,828.2

2,930.7

2,913.2

2,867.4

2,837.5

2,874.6

2,877.1

2,878.9

1.8

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

22,984
2,954
2,352.8
601.5
5,433
2,683.1
2,749.6
14,597
7,980.4
6,616.7

22,143
3,010
2,401.4
608.4
5,115
2,275.2
2,840.1
14,018
6,997.4
7,021.0

22,541
3,004
2,403.3
601.1
5,211
2,362.3
2,848.2
14,326
7,360.9
6,964.7

23,459
3,005
2,403.0
601.6
5,567
2,731.2
2,835.8
14,887
8,101.7
6,785.4

22,903
2,945
2,340.0
605.2
5,346
2,600.9
2,745.5
14,612
7,995.8
6,616.6

23,345
2,996
2,389.6
606.7
5,459
2,636.6
2,821.9
14,890
8,108.2
6,781.5

23,390
2,997
2,390.7
605.9
5,470
2,643.1
2,826.9
14,923
8,131.9
6,790.7

23,421
2,999
2,391.8
607.3
5,483
2,654.1
2,828.7
14,939
8,139.7
6,799.5

31
2
1.1
1.4
13
11.0
1.8
16
7.8
8.8

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2023

July
2024

Aug.
2024p

Sept.
2024p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.4
39.9
45.0
39.1
40.1
40.6
39.2
33.3
33.8
38.7
29.8
38.2
41.8
36.4
37.4
36.5
33.3
25.7
32.3

34.2
39.7
44.2
38.9
40.0
40.4
39.3
33.2
33.9
39.2
29.7
38.0
42.1
36.6
37.4
36.4
33.0
25.3
32.3

34.3
39.8
44.6
39.0
40.0
40.5
39.2
33.2
33.9
39.2
29.7
38.0
42.4
36.5
37.5
36.4
33.1
25.2
32.3

34.2
39.9
44.4
39.2
40.0
40.5
39.2
33.1
33.7
39.2
29.5
37.9
42.4
36.6
37.5
36.2
33.0
25.3
32.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.0
3.1
2.8

2.9
2.9
3.0

3.0
3.0
2.9

2.9
2.9
2.8

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Sept.
2023

July
2024

Aug.
2024p

Sept.
2024p

Sept.
2023

July
2024

Aug.
2024p

Sept.
2024p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$34.01
34.46
38.71
36.84
32.77
34.34
30.06
33.91
29.33
37.14
24.10
29.64
50.07
48.44
44.10
40.79
33.48
21.33
30.67

$35.07
35.84
39.68
38.26
34.14
36.14
30.67
34.90
29.97
37.72
24.44
30.66
51.05
49.80
45.58
42.25
34.28
22.14
31.58

$35.23
35.97
39.77
38.37
34.26
36.23
30.84
35.06
30.10
37.78
24.56
30.80
51.52
50.37
45.83
42.50
34.39
22.20
31.69

$35.36
36.14
40.05
38.53
34.42
36.31
31.13
35.17
30.14
37.83
24.56
30.86
51.38
50.17
45.94
42.83
34.51
22.25
31.76

$1,169.94
1,374.95
1,741.95
1,440.44
1,314.08
1,394.20
1,178.35
1,129.20
991.35
1,437.32
718.18
1,132.25
2,092.93
1,763.22
1,649.34
1,488.84
1,114.88
548.18
990.64

$1,199.39
1,422.85
1,753.86
1,488.31
1,365.60
1,460.06
1,205.33
1,158.68
1,015.98
1,478.62
725.87
1,165.08
2,149.21
1,822.68
1,704.69
1,537.90
1,131.24
560.14
1,020.03

$1,208.39
1,431.61
1,773.74
1,496.43
1,370.40
1,467.32
1,208.93
1,163.99
1,020.39
1,480.98
729.43
1,170.40
2,184.45
1,838.51
1,718.63
1,547.00
1,138.31
559.44
1,023.59

$1,209.31
1,441.99
1,778.22
1,510.38
1,376.80
1,470.56
1,220.30
1,164.13
1,015.72
1,482.94
724.52
1,169.59
2,178.51
1,836.22
1,722.75
1,550.45
1,138.83
562.93
1,025.85

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Sept.
2023

July
2024

Aug.
2024p

Sept.
2024p

Percent
change
from:
Aug.
2024 Sept.
2024p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Private education and health services.. .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

115.5
98.5
91.2
108.7
93.5
92.9
94.5
120.2
106.7
104.7
94.7
143.9
104.6
100.0
113.0
130.6
139.0
122.5
109.0

116.2
98.8
88.2
110.6
93.2
92.5
94.6
121.3
107.5
106.8
94.7
144.3
107.6
100.3
113.3
130.8
142.3
122.3
110.1

116.6
99.0
89.1
111.3
93.0
92.4
94.4
121.4
107.5
106.8
94.6
144.4
108.4
99.8
113.7
130.8
143.0
122.2
110.1

116.5
99.4
89.2
112.2
93.0
92.3
94.3
121.3
106.9
106.8
94.1
143.8
109.0
100.2
113.7
130.2
143.0
123.3
110.2

-0.1
0.4
0.1
0.8
0.0
-0.1
-0.1
-0.1
-0.6
0.0
-0.5
-0.4
0.6
0.4
0.0
-0.5
0.0
0.9
0.1

1

Sept.
2023

July
2024

Aug.
2024p

Sept.
2024p

Percent
change
from:
Aug.
2024 Sept.
2024p

187.8
153.4
141.7
174.0
142.4
141.6
144.1
198.1
168.7
162.7
150.9
217.0
173.0
172.5
194.4
215.7
223.9
210.8
183.3

194.8
160.0
140.5
183.8
148.0
148.4
147.2
205.8
173.8
168.5
153.0
225.1
181.4
177.8
201.3
223.9
234.6
218.5
190.6

196.5
161.0
142.3
185.5
148.2
148.6
147.7
207.0
174.5
168.8
153.7
226.2
184.5
178.9
203.2
225.2
236.6
218.9
191.3

196.9
162.3
143.4
187.8
148.8
148.9
149.0
207.4
173.8
169.0
152.8
225.8
185.0
178.9
203.8
225.9
237.5
221.3
191.9

0.2
0.8
0.8
1.2
0.4
0.2
0.9
0.2
-0.4
0.1
-0.6
-0.2
0.3
0.0
0.3
0.3
0.4
1.1
0.3

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Sept.
2023

July
2024

Aug.
2024p

Sept.
2024p

Sept.
2023

July
2024

Aug.
2024p

Sept.
2024p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

78,080
64,734
4,991
84
1,145
3,762
2,023
1,739
59,743
11,293
1,873.6
7,515.8
1,751.7
152.1
1,224
5,126
10,530
19,663
8,781
3,126
13,346

79,079
65,432
5,016
87
1,179
3,750
2,006
1,744
60,416
11,298
1,875.5
7,528.4
1,739.3
154.6
1,195
5,138
10,517
20,276
8,832
3,160
13,647

79,160
65,492
5,011
86
1,181
3,744
2,001
1,743
60,481
11,289
1,878.6
7,524.1
1,731.2
154.7
1,193
5,140
10,528
20,330
8,840
3,161
13,668

79,300
65,604
5,008
88
1,183
3,737
1,997
1,740
60,596
11,298
1,881.9
7,539.4
1,720.6
155.6
1,199
5,137
10,538
20,391
8,871
3,162
13,696

49.8
48.4
23.0
13.0
14.2
29.0
24.9
36.0
53.3
39.1
30.5
48.1
26.7
26.3
40.7
55.6
46.1
76.9
52.6
53.4
58.3

49.8
48.3
23.0
13.7
14.3
29.0
24.7
36.2
53.2
38.9
30.4
48.1
26.3
26.2
39.8
55.6
45.8
76.8
52.1
53.5
58.5

49.8
48.3
22.9
13.5
14.3
29.0
24.7
36.1
53.2
38.9
30.4
48.1
26.2
26.2
39.9
55.5
45.8
76.8
52.0
53.4
58.4

49.8
48.4
22.9
13.8
14.2
28.9
24.7
36.1
53.2
38.9
30.5
48.1
26.1
26.2
40.0
55.5
45.8
76.8
52.0
53.4
58.5

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Sept.
2023

July
2024

Aug.
2024p

Sept.
2024p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

108,778
15,481
497
5,912
9,072
5,595
3,477
93,297
24,356
4,845.4
13,329.5
5,721.4
459.9
2,394
6,917
18,059
22,226
14,575
4,770

110,167
15,546
488
6,015
9,043
5,537
3,506
94,621
24,560
4,882.8
13,432.3
5,775.9
469.3
2,407
6,969
18,097
23,043
14,744
4,801

110,270
15,552
490
6,037
9,025
5,515
3,510
94,718
24,567
4,886.2
13,433.1
5,777.8
469.6
2,399
6,980
18,078
23,109
14,787
4,798

110,410
15,566
490
6,062
9,014
5,507
3,507
94,844
24,594
4,888.2
13,461.4
5,772.3
472.4
2,394
6,985
18,083
23,186
14,804
4,798

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Sept.
2023

July
2024

Aug.
2024p

Sept.
2024p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

33.8
40.5
47.9
39.6
40.7
40.9
40.4
32.7
34.0
38.8
30.5
37.6
42.0
36.2
36.9
36.3
32.5
24.4
31.3

33.7
40.5
46.7
39.7
40.7
40.8
40.5
32.6
33.9
39.1
30.2
37.6
42.6
35.5
37.0
36.4
32.2
23.9
31.2

33.7
40.6
47.1
39.8
40.7
41.0
40.3
32.6
33.9
39.1
30.2
37.6
42.6
35.6
37.1
36.4
32.1
24.0
31.3

33.7
40.7
46.9
40.1
40.7
41.0
40.4
32.6
34.0
39.1
30.3
37.8
42.8
35.4
37.1
36.2
32.2
24.0
31.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.6
3.7
3.4

3.7
3.6
3.8

3.7
3.7
3.7

3.6
3.6
3.7

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Sept.
2023

July
2024

Aug.
2024p

Sept.
2024p

Sept.
2023

July
2024

Aug.
2024p

Sept.
2024p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$29.18
29.90
35.19
34.55
26.62
27.76
24.76
29.03
25.43
30.54
20.63
28.32
44.54
40.03
34.22
34.45
30.57
18.96
26.49

$30.16
31.20
36.43
35.70
27.96
29.52
25.49
29.94
26.02
31.28
20.90
29.21
45.11
40.66
35.81
35.67
31.44
19.61
27.27

$30.25
31.26
36.37
35.78
27.98
29.51
25.53
30.05
26.10
31.29
20.99
29.29
45.31
40.71
35.95
35.87
31.56
19.66
27.35

$30.33
31.43
37.04
35.92
28.10
29.64
25.66
30.10
26.07
31.29
20.95
29.30
45.01
40.52
36.05
36.11
31.60
19.69
27.49

$986.28
1,210.95
1,685.60
1,368.18
1,083.43
1,135.38
1,000.30
949.28
864.62
1,184.95
629.22
1,064.83
1,870.68
1,449.09
1,262.72
1,250.54
993.53
462.62
829.14

$1,016.39
1,263.60
1,701.28
1,417.29
1,137.97
1,204.42
1,032.35
976.04
882.08
1,223.05
631.18
1,098.30
1,921.69
1,443.43
1,324.97
1,298.39
1,012.37
468.68
850.82

$1,019.43
1,269.16
1,713.03
1,424.04
1,138.79
1,209.91
1,028.86
979.63
884.79
1,223.44
633.90
1,101.30
1,930.21
1,449.28
1,333.75
1,305.67
1,013.08
471.84
856.06

$1,022.12
1,279.20
1,737.18
1,440.39
1,143.67
1,215.24
1,036.66
981.26
886.38
1,223.44
634.79
1,107.54
1,926.43
1,434.41
1,337.46
1,307.18
1,017.52
472.56
860.44

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Sept.
2023

July
2024

Aug.
2024p

Sept.
2024p

Percent
change
from:
Aug.
2024 Sept.
2024p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Private education and health services.. .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

122.5
95.8
126.5
117.2
84.8
86.0
82.8
130.0
115.9
111.6
103.1
162.8
98.8
98.9
120.1
146.3
154.0
130.3
104.7

123.7
96.2
121.1
119.6
84.5
84.9
83.7
131.4
116.5
113.3
102.9
164.4
102.2
97.5
121.4
147.0
158.2
129.1
105.1

123.8
96.5
122.6
120.3
84.3
84.9
83.3
131.6
116.6
113.4
102.9
164.4
102.3
97.5
121.9
146.9
158.2
130.0
105.3

124.0
96.8
122.1
121.7
84.2
84.8
83.5
131.7
117.1
113.4
103.4
165.1
103.4
96.7
122.0
146.1
159.2
130.1
105.3

0.2
0.3
-0.4
1.2
-0.1
-0.1
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.0
0.5
0.4
1.1
-0.8
0.1
-0.5
0.6
0.1
0.0

1

Sept.
2023

July
2024

Aug.
2024p

Sept.
2024p

Percent
change
from:
Aug.
2024 Sept.
2024p

238.9
175.4
258.9
218.7
147.6
149.0
144.8
258.8
210.7
201.1
182.3
293.5
183.6
196.0
252.9
299.9
310.8
280.5
202.1

249.4
183.8
256.6
230.5
154.5
156.4
150.7
269.9
216.7
209.2
184.3
305.6
192.5
196.3
267.4
312.0
328.3
287.4
208.7

250.4
184.7
259.4
232.4
154.3
156.5
150.4
271.2
217.5
209.4
185.1
306.5
193.5
196.5
269.6
313.4
329.5
290.2
209.9

251.3
186.3
263.1
236.1
154.8
157.0
151.4
272.0
218.1
209.5
185.8
308.0
194.3
194.0
270.5
313.9
332.0
291.0
211.0

0.4
0.9
1.4
1.6
0.3
0.3
0.7
0.3
0.3
0.0
0.4
0.5
0.4
-1.3
0.3
0.2
0.8
0.3
0.5

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.