Full text of The Employment Situation : September 2022

The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, October 7, 2022

USDL-22-1967

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — SEPTEMBER 2022
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 263,000 in September, and the unemployment rate
edged down to 3.5 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Notable job gains
occurred in leisure and hospitality and in health care.
Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment, seasonally adjusted,
September 2019 – September 2022

Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
September 2019 – September 2022
Percent

Thousands

16.0

160,000

14.0

155,000

12.0

150,000

10.0

145,000

8.0

140,000

6.0

135,000

4.0

130,000

2.0

Sep-19

Mar-20

Sep-20

Mar-21

Sep-21

Mar-22

Sep-22

125,000

Sep-19

Mar-20

Sep-20

Mar-21

Sep-21

Mar-22

Sep-22

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor
force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey
measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the
concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.
Hurricane Ian
Hurricane Ian had no discernible effect on the employment and unemployment data for September.
Household survey data collection was completed before the storm made landfall in Florida, and
establishment survey data collection rates were within normal ranges nationally and for the affected
areas. For information on how unusually severe weather can affect the employment and hours estimates,
see the Frequently Asked Questions section of this news release.

Household Survey Data
The unemployment rate edged down to 3.5 percent in September, returning to its July level. The number
of unemployed persons edged down to 5.8 million in September. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for Hispanics decreased to 3.8 percent in
September. The jobless rates for adult men (3.3 percent), adult women (3.1 percent), teenagers (11.4
percent), Whites (3.1 percent), Blacks (5.8 percent), and Asians (2.5 percent) showed little change over
the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers decreased by 173,000 to 1.2 million in
September. The number of persons on temporary layoff changed little at 758,000. (See table A-11.)
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at 1.1
million in September. The long-term unemployed accounted for 18.5 percent of all unemployed persons.
(See table A-12.)
The labor force participation rate was little changed at 62.3 percent in September, and the
employment-population ratio was unchanged at 60.1 percent. Both measures are 1.1 percentage points
below their values in February 2020, prior to the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons decreased by 306,000 to 3.8 million
in September. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part
time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)
The number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was little changed at 5.8
million in September and remains above its February 2020 level of 5.0 million. These individuals were
not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks
preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.)
Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached to
the labor force was little changed in September at 1.6 million. These individuals wanted and were
available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for
work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the
marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, increased by 119,000 to 485,000
in September. (See Summary table A.)
Household Survey Supplemental Data
In September, 5.2 percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic,
down from 6.5 percent in the prior month. In May 2020, the first month these data were collected, 35.4
percent of employed persons teleworked because of the coronavirus pandemic. These data refer to
employed persons who teleworked or worked at home for pay at some point in the 4 weeks preceding
the survey specifically because of the pandemic.
In September, 1.4 million persons reported they had been unable to work because their employer
closed or lost business due to the pandemic—that is, they did not work at all or worked fewer hours at
some point in the 4 weeks preceding the survey due to the pandemic. This measure is down from 1.9
million in the previous month and from 49.8 million in May 2020. Among those who reported in
-2-

September that they were unable to work because of pandemic-related closures or lost business, 21.4
percent received at least some pay from their employer for the hours not worked, essentially the same
as in August.
Among those not in the labor force in September, 452,000 persons were prevented from looking for
work due to the pandemic, little changed from the prior month. In May 2020, 9.7 million persons were
prevented from looking for work due to the pandemic. (To be counted as unemployed, by definition,
individuals must be either actively looking for work or on temporary layoff.)
These supplemental data come from questions added to the household survey from May 2020 through
September 2022 to help gauge the effects of the pandemic on the labor market. The data are not
seasonally adjusted. Tables with estimates from the supplemental questions for all months are available
online at www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm. For information about
the new supplemental questions being introduced in October 2022, see the box note on page 5.
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 263,000 in September. Monthly job growth has
averaged 420,000 thus far in 2022, compared with 562,000 per month in 2021. In September, notable
job gains occurred in leisure and hospitality and in health care. (See table B-1.)
Leisure and hospitality added 83,000 jobs in September, in line with the average monthly job gain over
the first 8 months of the year. Within the industry, employment in food services and drinking places rose
by 60,000 in September. Employment in leisure and hospitality is below its pre-pandemic February 2020
level by 1.1 million, or 6.7 percent.
In September, employment in health care rose by 60,000 and has returned to its February 2020 level.
Over the month, ambulatory health care services and hospitals each added 28,000 jobs.
Employment in professional and business services continued its upward trend in September (+46,000).
Thus far in 2022, job growth in the industry has averaged 72,000 per month. Employment in temporary
help services continued to trend up (+27,000) in September. Job gains occurred in investigation and
security services (+9,000) and in scientific research and development services (+5,000). Job losses
occurred in business support services (-12,000), legal services (-5,000), and advertising and related
services (-5,000).
Manufacturing employment continued to trend up in September (+22,000). Job gains occurred in motor
vehicles and parts (+8,000), fabricated metal products (+6,000), and electrical equipment and appliances
(+3,000). Printing and related support activities lost 4,000 jobs over the month. Manufacturing has
added an average of 36,000 jobs per month thus far in 2022.
In September, employment in construction continued to trend up (+19,000), in line with average
monthly job growth in the first 8 months of this year. Specialty trade contractors added 18,000 jobs in
September.
Employment in wholesale trade continued its upward trend in September (+11,000). Wholesale trade
has added an average of 18,000 jobs per month thus far in 2022.

-3-

In September, employment in financial activities changed little (-8,000), as declines in insurance
carriers and related activities (-9,000) and nondepository credit intermediation (-7,000) were partially
offset by a job gain in depository credit intermediation (+5,000).
Employment in transportation and warehousing was little changed in September (-8,000). A loss of
11,000 jobs in truck transportation was partially offset by a gain of 3,000 jobs in air transportation.
Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining, retail
trade, information, other services, and government.
In September, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 10
cents, or 0.3 percent, to $32.46. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 5.0
percent. In September, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory
employees rose by 10 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $27.77. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
In September, the average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls was 34.5 hours for
the fourth month in a row. In manufacturing, the average workweek for all employees was unchanged at
40.3 hours, and overtime held at 3.2 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory
employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 34.0 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for July was revised up by 11,000, from +526,000
to +537,000, and the change for August remained at +315,000. After revision, employment gains in July
and August combined were 11,000 higher than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from
additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates
and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
_____________
The Employment Situation for October is scheduled to be released on Friday, November 4, 2022,
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

-4-

Upcoming Changes to Household Survey Supplemental Data
The supplemental questions that BLS added to the household survey in May 2020 to examine the effects
of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic on the labor market were asked for the last time in September
2022. These questions asked whether people teleworked or worked from home because of the pandemic,
whether people were unable to work because their employers closed or lost business due to the
pandemic, whether they were paid for that missed work, and whether the pandemic prevented jobseeking activities. These questions had become less relevant than they were earlier in the pandemic. This
Employment Situation news release is the last one to contain data from these questions.
To improve the relevancy of the supplemental pandemic-related questions, four new questions that focus
on telework will be asked starting in October 2022. These new questions will ask whether people
teleworked or worked from home during the survey reference week; how many hours they teleworked;
whether they teleworked prior to the pandemic; and whether they teleworked more, less, or about the
same as before the pandemic.
Because data from the new questions will take time to process and review, the Household Survey
Supplemental Data section of the Employment Situation news release will be temporarily discontinued
with the release of October data on November 4, 2022. More information about the new questions,
including future announcements about the availability of data from these questions, will be available at
www.bls.gov/cps/effects-of-the-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.htm.

-5-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Sept.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Change from:
Aug. 2022Sept. 2022

Sept.
2022

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

261,766
161,471
61.7
153,806
58.8
7,666
4.7
100,294

264,012
163,960
62.1
158,290
60.0
5,670
3.5
100,051

264,184
164,746
62.4
158,732
60.1
6,014
3.7
99,438

264,356
164,689
62.3
158,936
60.1
5,753
3.5
99,667

172
-57
-0.1
204
0.0
-261
-0.2
229

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

4.7
4.7
4.3
11.3
4.2
7.8
4.2
6.1

3.5
3.2
3.1
11.5
3.1
6.0
2.6
3.9

3.7
3.5
3.3
10.4
3.2
6.4
2.8
4.5

3.5
3.3
3.1
11.4
3.1
5.8
2.5
3.8

-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
1.0
-0.1
-0.6
-0.3
-0.7

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

4.1
7.7
5.7
4.5
2.5

2.8
5.9
3.6
2.8
2.0

3.0
6.2
4.2
2.9
1.9

2.8
5.6
3.7
2.9
1.8

-0.2
-0.6
-0.5
0.0
-0.1

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

4,002
792
2,275
491

2,547
842
1,826
460

2,720
898
1,836
440

2,495
905
1,840
447

-225
7
4
7

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,227
1,727
1,047
2,664

2,080
1,772
718
1,067

2,223
1,807
885
1,137

2,154
1,645
899
1,067

-69
-162
14
-70

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

4,450
3,142
988
20,335

3,924
2,697
910
21,103

4,149
2,769
979
21,044

3,843
2,577
952
21,233

-306
-192
-27
189

Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

1,745
450

1,545
424

1,434
366

1,600
485

166
119

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category

July
2022

Aug.
2022p

Sept.
2022p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

424
409
54
2
30
22
15
3.2
7
355
4.7
58.9
36.4
-0.1
8
13
74
8.2
9
0.5
134
17
15

537
448
63
5
21
37
30
8.4
7
385
15.8
16.3
17.6
1.1
16
7
84
13.4
122
88.7
89
17
89

315
275
35
-3
11
27
25
4.0
2
240
16.1
42.6
5.4
0.6
5
7
54
13.2
75
60.2
31
3
40

263
288
44
3
19
22
16
8.3
6
244
11.3
-1.1
-7.9
0.2
13
-8
46
27.2
90
75.4
83
17
-25

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

543
515

405
375

382
356

372
337

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (256 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (74 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Sept.
2021

49.9
48.5
81.6

34.8
$30.92
$1,076.02
109.4
0.6
161.7
1.1

67.8
62.2

49.9
48.4
81.5

34.5
$32.27
$1,113.32
112.7
0.3
173.9
0.8

70.7
60.1

49.8
48.4
81.5

34.5
$32.36
$1,116.42
113.0
0.3
174.8
0.5

61.5
55.4

49.9
48.4
81.5

34.5
$32.46
$1,119.87
113.2
0.2
175.7
0.5

61.9
56.1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 131,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 670,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific active efforts to find employment
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who worked or received pay for any part of the
reference pay period, including persons on paid leave.
Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and
earnings data are produced for the private sector for all
employees and for production and nonsupervisory
employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are
defined as production and related employees in
manufacturing and mining and logging, construction
workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in
private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment's principal activity in accordance with the
2017 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

•

The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

•

The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

•

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.

•

The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Reliability of the estimates

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently
seasonally adjusted component series, and will not
necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally
adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information
about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be
found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 120,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -70,000 to +170,000
(50,000 +/- 120,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from
-0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.
Other information
If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech
disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications
relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Sept.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

Sept.
2021

May
2022

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

261,766
161,392
61.7
154,026
58.8
7,366
4.6
100,373
5,710

264,184
164,971
62.4
158,714
60.1
6,256
3.8
99,213
5,633

264,356
164,463
62.2
159,003
60.1
5,460
3.3
99,893
5,650

261,766
161,471
61.7
153,806
58.8
7,666
4.7
100,294
5,918

263,679
164,376
62.3
158,426
60.1
5,950
3.6
99,302
5,681

263,835
164,023
62.2
158,111
59.9
5,912
3.6
99,812
5,656

264,012
163,960
62.1
158,290
60.0
5,670
3.5
100,051
5,910

264,184
164,746
62.4
158,732
60.1
6,014
3.7
99,438
5,549

264,356
164,689
62.3
158,936
60.1
5,753
3.5
99,667
5,834

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

126,648
85,715
67.7
81,731
64.5
3,984
4.6
40,933

128,722
87,649
68.1
84,504
65.6
3,145
3.6
41,072

128,807
87,529
68.0
84,687
65.7
2,842
3.2
41,278

126,648
85,801
67.7
81,533
64.4
4,268
5.0
40,846

128,470
87,366
68.0
84,218
65.6
3,148
3.6
41,104

128,547
87,213
67.8
84,061
65.4
3,152
3.6
41,334

128,636
86,936
67.6
83,891
65.2
3,046
3.5
41,700

128,722
87,335
67.8
84,045
65.3
3,290
3.8
41,387

128,807
87,711
68.1
84,587
65.7
3,124
3.6
41,097

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

118,337
82,865
70.0
79,230
67.0
3,635
4.4
35,472

120,058
84,180
70.1
81,401
67.8
2,780
3.3
35,878

120,140
84,594
70.4
82,075
68.3
2,519
3.0
35,545

118,337
82,851
70.0
78,952
66.7
3,899
4.7
35,486

119,831
84,249
70.3
81,422
67.9
2,827
3.4
35,582

119,899
84,040
70.1
81,242
67.8
2,797
3.3
35,859

119,977
83,857
69.9
81,164
67.7
2,692
3.2
36,120

120,058
84,158
70.1
81,225
67.7
2,934
3.5
35,900

120,140
84,660
70.5
81,878
68.2
2,783
3.3
35,479

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

135,118
75,677
56.0
72,295
53.5
3,382
4.5
59,441

135,462
77,321
57.1
74,210
54.8
3,111
4.0
58,141

135,548
76,934
56.8
74,316
54.8
2,618
3.4
58,615

135,118
75,670
56.0
72,273
53.5
3,398
4.5
59,448

135,209
77,010
57.0
74,208
54.9
2,802
3.6
58,199

135,287
76,809
56.8
74,050
54.7
2,760
3.6
58,478

135,376
77,024
56.9
74,399
55.0
2,625
3.4
58,351

135,462
77,410
57.1
74,687
55.1
2,724
3.5
58,052

135,548
76,978
56.8
74,349
54.9
2,629
3.4
58,570

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

126,982
72,784
57.3
69,699
54.9
3,085
4.2
54,198

127,034
73,850
58.1
71,067
55.9
2,783
3.8
53,185

127,117
73,842
58.1
71,590
56.3
2,251
3.0
53,276

126,982
72,644
57.2
69,555
54.8
3,089
4.3
54,337

126,802
73,911
58.3
71,432
56.3
2,479
3.4
52,891

126,872
73,741
58.1
71,311
56.2
2,430
3.3
53,131

126,951
73,988
58.3
71,710
56.5
2,278
3.1
52,963

127,034
74,140
58.4
71,729
56.5
2,411
3.3
52,895

127,117
73,750
58.0
71,493
56.2
2,258
3.1
53,367

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,447
5,743
34.9
5,097
31.0
647
11.3
10,704

17,091
6,940
40.6
6,247
36.5
694
10.0
10,151

17,099
6,027
35.2
5,337
31.2
689
11.4
11,072

16,447
5,976
36.3
5,298
32.2
678
11.3
10,471

17,046
6,216
36.5
5,571
32.7
645
10.4
10,830

17,064
6,242
36.6
5,558
32.6
685
11.0
10,822

17,084
6,116
35.8
5,415
31.7
700
11.5
10,968

17,091
6,447
37.7
5,778
33.8
669
10.4
10,644

17,099
6,278
36.7
5,565
32.5
713
11.4
10,821

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Sept.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

Sept.
2021

May
2022

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

202,057
124,134
61.4
119,154
59.0
4,980
4.0
77,923

203,324
126,264
62.1
122,115
60.1
4,148
3.3
77,061

203,420
126,036
62.0
122,403
60.2
3,633
2.9
77,383

202,057
124,204
61.5
119,009
58.9
5,194
4.2
77,853

203,039
125,772
61.9
121,724
60.0
4,048
3.2
77,267

203,125
125,706
61.9
121,587
59.9
4,119
3.3
77,419

203,229
125,705
61.9
121,822
59.9
3,884
3.1
77,524

203,324
126,172
62.1
122,129
60.1
4,043
3.2
77,152

203,420
126,183
62.0
122,329
60.1
3,855
3.1
77,237

64,939
70.0
62,471
67.4
2,467
3.8

65,545
69.9
63,660
67.9
1,885
2.9

65,872
70.2
64,221
68.4
1,651
2.5

64,957
70.1
62,257
67.2
2,699
4.2

65,653
70.1
63,620
67.9
2,033
3.1

65,556
70.0
63,529
67.8
2,027
3.1

65,430
69.8
63,464
67.7
1,966
3.0

65,600
69.9
63,553
67.7
2,048
3.1

65,940
70.3
64,048
68.2
1,892
2.9

54,690
56.2
52,666
54.1
2,024
3.7

55,399
57.1
53,608
55.3
1,791
3.2

55,435
57.1
53,979
55.6
1,456
2.6

54,574
56.1
52,574
54.0
2,000
3.7

55,315
57.1
53,731
55.5
1,583
2.9

55,318
57.1
53,727
55.4
1,591
2.9

55,565
57.3
54,123
55.8
1,442
2.6

55,661
57.4
54,125
55.8
1,535
2.8

55,351
57.0
53,914
55.5
1,437
2.6

4,505
37.4
4,016
33.3
489
10.9

5,320
42.6
4,848
38.8
472
8.9

4,730
37.8
4,203
33.6
527
11.1

4,673
38.7
4,178
34.6
495
10.6

4,804
38.5
4,373
35.1
431
9.0

4,832
38.7
4,331
34.7
501
10.4

4,711
37.7
4,235
33.9
476
10.1

4,911
39.3
4,451
35.6
460
9.4

4,892
39.1
4,366
34.9
526
10.8

33,673
20,588
61.1
19,063
56.6
1,524
7.4
13,086

34,171
21,259
62.2
19,824
58.0
1,436
6.8
12,912

34,204
21,218
62.0
20,041
58.6
1,177
5.5
12,986

33,673
20,626
61.3
19,017
56.5
1,608
7.8
13,047

34,079
21,475
63.0
20,141
59.1
1,335
6.2
12,604

34,107
21,213
62.2
19,975
58.6
1,238
5.8
12,895

34,138
21,174
62.0
19,907
58.3
1,268
6.0
12,964

34,171
21,123
61.8
19,776
57.9
1,347
6.4
13,048

34,204
21,258
62.1
20,014
58.5
1,243
5.8
12,946

9,394
66.0
8,696
61.1
698
7.4

9,777
67.3
9,199
63.3
578
5.9

9,907
68.1
9,368
64.4
540
5.4

9,389
65.9
8,644
60.7
745
7.9

9,983
68.9
9,416
65.0
566
5.7

9,866
68.1
9,342
64.4
524
5.3

9,764
67.3
9,212
63.5
552
5.7

9,707
66.8
9,125
62.8
582
6.0

9,894
68.0
9,321
64.1
573
5.8

10,451
61.3
9,725
57.0
726
6.9

10,654
62.1
9,947
58.0
707
6.6

10,638
61.9
10,072
58.6
565
5.3

10,450
61.3
9,702
56.9
748
7.2

10,731
62.7
10,102
59.0
629
5.9

10,628
62.0
10,030
58.6
598
5.6

10,688
62.3
10,119
59.0
569
5.3

10,643
62.0
10,018
58.4
625
5.9

10,636
61.9
10,058
58.6
578
5.4

743
31.1
642
26.9
101
13.5

829
33.3
678
27.3
151
18.2

673
27.1
601
24.2
72
10.7

787
33.0
671
28.1
115
14.6

762
30.8
622
25.1
140
18.3

719
29.0
603
24.3
116
16.1

722
29.1
576
23.2
146
20.3

773
31.1
634
25.5
140
18.1

728
29.3
635
25.5
92
12.7

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sept.
2021
16,540
10,683
64.6
10,245
61.9
438
4.1
5,857

Aug.
2022
16,989
11,166
65.7
10,841
63.8
326
2.9
5,823

Sept.
2022
17,132
11,151
65.1
10,882
63.5
269
2.4
5,981

Sept.
2021
16,540
10,652
64.4
10,207
61.7
445
4.2
5,889

May
2022
16,815
10,912
64.9
10,651
63.3
261
2.4
5,903

June
2022
16,910
10,894
64.4
10,565
62.5
330
3.0
6,016

July
2022
16,920
10,980
64.9
10,693
63.2
287
2.6
5,940

Aug.
2022
16,989
11,096
65.3
10,790
63.5
307
2.8
5,893

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

Sept.
2022
17,132
11,122
64.9
10,848
63.3
274
2.5
6,009

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Sept.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

Sept.
2021

May
2022

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

45,083
29,577
65.6
27,813
61.7
1,764
6.0
15,506

46,287
30,920
66.8
29,498
63.7
1,422
4.6
15,367

46,373
30,641
66.1
29,515
63.6
1,126
3.7
15,732

45,083
29,566
65.6
27,758
61.6
1,808
6.1
15,518

46,039
30,610
66.5
29,279
63.6
1,331
4.3
15,429

46,119
30,670
66.5
29,364
63.7
1,306
4.3
15,449

46,200
30,363
65.7
29,170
63.1
1,193
3.9
15,837

46,287
30,918
66.8
29,539
63.8
1,379
4.5
15,369

46,373
30,650
66.1
29,470
63.5
1,180
3.8
15,724

16,369
80.3
15,488
76.0
881
5.4

16,651
79.4
15,998
76.3
653
3.9

16,523
78.7
16,031
76.3
493
3.0

16,326
80.1
15,408
75.6
918
5.6

16,717
80.1
16,152
77.4
566
3.4

16,743
80.1
16,170
77.4
573
3.4

16,452
78.6
15,870
75.8
581
3.5

16,625
79.3
15,976
76.2
649
3.9

16,506
78.6
15,971
76.0
535
3.2

11,938
57.8
11,277
54.6
661
5.5

12,746
60.6
12,177
57.9
569
4.5

12,792
60.7
12,339
58.6
452
3.5

11,932
57.8
11,272
54.6
661
5.5

12,466
59.6
11,876
56.8
591
4.7

12,486
59.6
11,926
56.9
560
4.5

12,515
59.6
12,113
57.7
402
3.2

12,812
60.9
12,264
58.3
547
4.3

12,778
60.6
12,321
58.5
457
3.6

1,270
31.3
1,048
25.8
222
17.5

1,524
35.6
1,323
30.9
201
13.2

1,326
30.9
1,145
26.7
181
13.6

1,307
32.2
1,078
26.5
229
17.5

1,427
33.5
1,252
29.4
175
12.2

1,441
33.8
1,268
29.7
173
12.0

1,397
32.7
1,187
27.8
210
15.0

1,482
34.6
1,299
30.3
183
12.3

1,365
31.8
1,178
27.5
187
13.7

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Sept.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2021

May
2022

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

9,263
45.9
8,644
42.9
619
6.7

8,623
45.2
8,153
42.8
469
5.4

9,094
46.2
8,674
44.1
420
4.6

9,128
45.3
8,428
41.8
700
7.7

9,194
44.0
8,719
41.8
475
5.2

9,210
44.7
8,680
42.2
530
5.8

8,924
46.2
8,398
43.5
526
5.9

8,646
45.4
8,110
42.5
536
6.2

8,992
45.7
8,491
43.1
501
5.6

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,261
55.7
33,351
52.7
1,910
5.4

35,903
56.6
34,354
54.1
1,549
4.3

35,488
56.5
34,244
54.5
1,244
3.5

34,994
55.3
32,991
52.1
2,004
5.7

36,118
56.8
34,760
54.7
1,358
3.8

35,985
56.8
34,679
54.8
1,305
3.6

35,386
56.1
34,113
54.1
1,273
3.6

35,798
56.4
34,284
54.0
1,514
4.2

35,278
56.1
33,973
54.1
1,306
3.7

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,840
63.1
34,273
60.3
1,567
4.4

35,262
62.4
34,147
60.5
1,115
3.2

35,597
62.8
34,609
61.0
989
2.8

35,794
63.0
34,196
60.2
1,598
4.5

35,787
63.5
34,565
61.3
1,222
3.4

35,707
62.6
34,585
60.6
1,122
3.1

35,575
62.6
34,563
60.8
1,012
2.8

35,586
63.0
34,538
61.2
1,048
2.9

35,544
62.7
34,530
60.9
1,014
2.9

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

60,710
72.0
59,213
70.3
1,497
2.5

63,343
72.6
61,949
71.0
1,394
2.2

63,574
73.0
62,473
71.7
1,100
1.7

60,772
72.1
59,258
70.3
1,514
2.5

62,295
73.3
61,078
71.9
1,217
2.0

62,098
73.1
60,800
71.6
1,297
2.1

63,380
73.0
62,094
71.5
1,286
2.0

63,701
73.1
62,519
71.7
1,182
1.9

63,610
73.0
62,478
71.7
1,132
1.8

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Sept.
2021

Men
Sept.
2022

Sept.
2021

Women
Sept.
2022

Sept.
2021

Sept.
2022

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18,011
8,485
47.1
8,181
45.4
304
3.6
9,526

18,313
8,807
48.1
8,579
46.8
229
2.6
9,506

16,091
7,345
45.6
7,078
44.0
266
3.6
8,746

16,283
7,621
46.8
7,436
45.7
185
2.4
8,662

1,920
1,141
59.4
1,103
57.5
37
3.3
779

2,030
1,187
58.5
1,143
56.3
44
3.7
843

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,641
3,651
78.7
3,522
75.9
129
3.5
990

4,922
3,973
80.7
3,880
78.8
92
2.3
949

3,876
3,084
79.6
2,966
76.5
117
3.8
792

4,041
3,289
81.4
3,210
79.4
79
2.4
752

765
567
74.1
555
72.6
12
2.1
198

881
684
77.6
671
76.1
13
1.9
197

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,085
2,200
71.3
2,135
69.2
65
2.9
885

3,248
2,280
70.2
2,207
67.9
73
3.2
968

2,548
1,855
72.8
1,804
70.8
50
2.7
693

2,753
1,986
72.1
1,931
70.1
55
2.8
768

537
345
64.3
331
61.7
14
4.1
192

495
294
59.4
276
55.8
18
6.1
201

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,360
1,016
16.0
977
15.4
39
3.8
5,344

6,178
904
14.6
878
14.2
27
2.9
5,274

6,136
961
15.7
923
15.0
39
4.0
5,175

5,932
877
14.8
850
14.3
27
3.0
5,055

224
55
24.5
55
24.5
0
–
169

246
27
11.1
27
11.1
0
–
219

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,925
1,618
41.2
1,547
39.4
71
4.4
2,307

3,965
1,650
41.6
1,613
40.7
37
2.2
2,315

3,531
1,445
40.9
1,385
39.2
60
4.1
2,086

3,557
1,469
41.3
1,444
40.6
25
1.7
2,088

394
173
44.0
162
41.1
11
6.6
221

408
182
44.5
169
41.4
12
6.8
226

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

234,883
150,627
64.1
143,774
61.2
6,853
4.5
84,256

236,598
153,284
64.8
148,309
62.7
4,975
3.2
83,314

106,108
77,266
72.8
73,655
69.4
3,611
4.7
28,842

107,682
78,826
73.2
76,293
70.9
2,533
3.2
28,857

128,776
73,361
57.0
70,119
54.5
3,243
4.4
55,414

128,916
74,458
57.8
72,016
55.9
2,443
3.3
54,458

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Sept.
2021

Sept.
2022

Persons with no disability
Sept.
2021

Sept.
2022

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

31,569
7,051
22.3
6,417
20.3
634
9.0
24,518

33,223
7,710
23.2
7,145
21.5
565
7.3
25,513

230,196
154,341
67.0
147,609
64.1
6,732
4.4
75,855

231,132
156,753
67.8
151,858
65.7
4,894
3.1
74,380

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,965
38.0
2,710
34.7
255
8.6
4,837

3,126
37.9
2,868
34.8
259
8.3
5,124

76,646
82.1
73,102
78.3
3,544
4.6
16,718

78,109
82.7
75,652
80.1
2,457
3.1
16,395

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,841
34.8
2,534
31.1
307
10.8
5,320

3,243
38.2
2,974
35.0
269
8.3
5,249

68,100
71.1
65,190
68.0
2,910
4.3
27,733

68,733
71.6
66,506
69.3
2,227
3.2
27,228

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,244
8.0
1,173
7.5
72
5.8
14,362

1,341
8.1
1,303
7.9
37
2.8
15,140

9,596
23.4
9,317
22.7
279
2.9
31,404

9,910
24.4
9,700
23.9
210
2.1
30,757

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Sept.
2021

Men
Sept.
2022

Sept.
2021

Women
Sept.
2022

Sept.
2021

Sept.
2022

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

43,111
28,100
65.2
26,816
62.2
1,284
4.6
15,012

45,351
30,213
66.6
29,349
64.7
864
2.9
15,138

20,904
16,212
77.6
15,540
74.3
672
4.1
4,692

22,003
17,219
78.3
16,750
76.1
469
2.7
4,784

22,207
11,887
53.5
11,276
50.8
611
5.1
10,320

23,348
12,994
55.7
12,599
54.0
395
3.0
10,354

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

218,654
133,293
61.0
127,210
58.2
6,083
4.6
85,362

219,005
134,250
61.3
129,654
59.2
4,596
3.4
84,755

105,743
69,503
65.7
66,191
62.6
3,312
4.8
36,240

106,805
70,310
65.8
67,938
63.6
2,373
3.4
36,494

112,911
63,790
56.5
61,019
54.0
2,771
4.3
49,121

112,200
63,939
57.0
61,717
55.0
2,223
3.5
48,261

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

Sept.
2021

May
2022

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

2,272
1,504
743
26
151,754
142,210
20,343
121,866
768
121,099
9,491
53

2,207
1,503
671
32
156,507
147,362
20,744
126,618
777
125,840
9,081
64

2,165
1,448
700
18
156,838
147,538
21,166
126,372
705
125,667
9,235
65

2,247
1,508
733
–
151,686
141,756
20,514
121,909
–
121,226
9,424
–

2,355
1,553
776
–
156,183
146,455
20,885
125,619
–
124,955
9,291
–

2,308
1,520
747
–
156,114
146,346
20,601
125,767
–
125,210
9,255
–

2,429
1,621
752
–
156,002
146,627
21,272
125,421
–
124,799
8,971
–

2,178
1,491
645
–
156,931
147,397
21,220
126,111
–
125,441
8,985
–

2,178
1,474
696
–
156,956
147,268
21,313
126,494
–
125,902
9,161
–

4,130
2,960
982
20,432

4,060
2,673
932
19,618

3,523
2,393
945
21,389

4,450
3,142
988
20,335

4,328
2,996
999
20,806

3,621
2,366
914
20,602

3,924
2,697
910
21,103

4,149
2,769
979
21,044

3,843
2,577
952
21,233

4,077
2,924
967
20,037

3,996
2,630
914
19,333

3,479
2,353
945
21,047

4,360
3,094
976
19,952

4,235
2,927
988
20,438

3,694
2,345
912
20,180

3,888
2,676
909
20,675

4,075
2,727
966
20,710

3,763
2,527
952
20,887

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

Sept.
2021

May
2022

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

154,026
5,097
2,071
3,026
148,929
13,448
135,481
98,702
34,780
33,085
30,837
36,778

158,714
6,247
2,546
3,701
152,468
13,864
138,604
101,645
35,362
34,592
31,691
36,959

159,003
5,337
2,115
3,222
153,666
13,666
140,000
102,291
35,451
34,735
32,105
37,709

153,806
5,298
2,021
3,261
148,508
13,529
135,072
98,460
34,713
32,945
30,802
36,612

158,426
5,571
2,194
3,396
152,855
13,768
139,047
101,734
35,569
34,675
31,490
37,313

158,111
5,558
2,114
3,443
152,554
13,852
138,603
101,495
35,437
34,508
31,550
37,108

158,290
5,415
2,076
3,343
152,875
13,902
138,969
101,686
35,436
34,616
31,634
37,283

158,732
5,778
2,255
3,485
152,953
13,670
139,259
102,053
35,555
34,694
31,804
37,206

158,936
5,565
2,087
3,464
153,371
13,755
139,598
102,037
35,392
34,618
32,027
37,561

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

81,731
2,501
997
1,503
79,230
6,846
72,384
52,634
18,598
17,891
16,145
19,751

84,504
3,103
1,188
1,915
81,401
7,096
74,305
54,246
18,731
18,700
16,816
20,059

84,687
2,612
958
1,653
82,075
7,003
75,072
54,560
18,926
18,656
16,979
20,512

81,533
2,581
974
1,590
78,952
6,882
72,081
52,462
18,540
17,802
16,120
19,619

84,218
2,795
1,054
1,748
81,422
7,009
74,406
54,258
18,830
18,628
16,800
20,147

84,061
2,819
1,046
1,769
81,242
7,081
74,052
54,161
18,842
18,492
16,828
19,890

83,891
2,726
988
1,742
81,164
7,022
74,151
54,190
18,740
18,631
16,819
19,961

84,045
2,820
1,036
1,761
81,225
6,900
74,233
54,193
18,767
18,651
16,776
20,040

84,587
2,709
954
1,749
81,878
7,038
74,762
54,381
18,866
18,579
16,936
20,381

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72,295
2,596
1,073
1,523
69,699
6,602
63,097
46,069
16,182
15,194
14,692
17,028

74,210
3,143
1,358
1,786
71,067
6,768
64,299
47,399
16,631
15,892
14,876
16,900

74,316
2,726
1,157
1,568
71,590
6,663
64,928
47,731
16,525
16,079
15,127
17,197

72,273
2,717
1,046
1,671
69,555
6,646
62,991
45,998
16,174
15,143
14,681
16,993

74,208
2,776
1,140
1,648
71,432
6,759
64,641
47,475
16,739
16,047
14,690
17,165

74,050
2,739
1,067
1,674
71,311
6,771
64,551
47,334
16,595
16,016
14,722
17,218

74,399
2,689
1,088
1,601
71,710
6,880
64,818
47,496
16,696
15,986
14,814
17,322

74,687
2,958
1,219
1,724
71,729
6,770
65,026
47,860
16,789
16,044
15,028
17,165

74,349
2,856
1,133
1,715
71,493
6,717
64,836
47,656
16,526
16,039
15,091
17,180

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

43,821
35,044
9,618

45,365
36,249
9,918

46,100
36,616
9,813

43,671
35,029
–

45,306
36,356
–

45,222
36,526
–

45,449
36,954
–

45,422
36,828
–

45,912
36,615
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

128,484
25,542

133,630
25,085

133,027
25,976

128,076
25,772

132,800
25,766

132,648
25,440

132,577
25,824

132,335
26,237

132,661
26,230

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,032
4.6

7,485
4.7

7,739
4.9

7,038
4.6

7,302
4.6

7,541
4.8

7,633
4.8

7,747
4.9

7,746
4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,146
10,234

6,672
9,752

6,710
9,935

–
10,157

–
10,067

–
10,002

–
9,723

–
9,629

–
9,858

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex
married couples only.
2
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,
referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Sept.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

Sept.
2021

May
2022

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,666
678
244
432
6,988
1,146
5,825
4,507
1,919
1,350
1,238
1,338

6,014
669
243
426
5,345
1,021
4,301
3,280
1,377
1,036
867
1,015

5,753
713
294
424
5,040
1,030
3,980
3,074
1,313
1,072
689
926

4.7
11.3
10.8
11.7
4.5
7.8
4.1
4.4
5.2
3.9
3.9
3.5

3.6
10.4
10.2
10.4
3.4
6.7
3.0
3.1
3.9
2.9
2.3
2.7

3.6
11.0
11.2
10.2
3.3
6.8
3.0
3.0
3.4
3.2
2.4
2.7

3.5
11.5
10.3
12.1
3.1
6.4
2.8
2.9
3.5
2.7
2.4
2.5

3.7
10.4
9.7
10.9
3.4
6.9
3.0
3.1
3.7
2.9
2.7
2.7

3.5
11.4
12.4
10.9
3.2
7.0
2.8
2.9
3.6
3.0
2.1
2.4

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,268
370
126
242
3,899
690
3,213
2,486
1,107
760
618
727

3,290
356
134
223
2,934
608
2,296
1,743
712
574
457
553

3,124
341
145
200
2,783
606
2,165
1,675
706
564
405
490

5.0
12.5
11.5
13.2
4.7
9.1
4.3
4.5
5.6
4.1
3.7
3.6

3.6
10.3
8.8
11.4
3.4
7.0
2.9
3.0
3.9
2.8
2.2
2.6

3.6
11.2
11.2
9.8
3.3
7.6
2.9
2.9
3.5
2.9
2.3
2.8

3.5
11.5
8.7
12.8
3.2
7.3
2.8
2.9
3.3
2.9
2.5
2.5

3.8
11.2
11.5
11.2
3.5
8.1
3.0
3.1
3.7
3.0
2.7
2.7

3.6
11.2
13.2
10.3
3.3
7.9
2.8
3.0
3.6
2.9
2.3
2.3

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,398
309
118
189
3,089
456
2,611
2,021
812
590
620
594

2,724
313
109
203
2,411
412
2,004
1,537
665
462
410
450

2,629
372
149
224
2,258
424
1,815
1,399
607
507
284
420

4.5
10.2
10.1
10.2
4.3
6.4
4.0
4.2
4.8
3.7
4.0
3.4

3.6
10.4
11.4
9.4
3.4
6.4
3.0
3.2
3.9
3.0
2.5
2.7

3.6
10.8
11.1
10.6
3.3
6.0
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.6
2.6
2.7

3.4
11.4
11.6
11.3
3.1
5.4
2.8
2.9
3.6
2.6
2.4
2.3

3.5
9.6
8.2
10.5
3.3
5.7
3.0
3.1
3.8
2.8
2.7
2.6

3.4
11.5
11.6
11.6
3.1
5.9
2.7
2.9
3.5
3.1
1.8
2.4

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,257
1,023
698

934
796
533

840
708
488

2.8
2.8
6.8

2.0
2.3
5.0

2.0
2.3
4.5

1.8
2.1
4.7

2.0
2.1
5.1

1.8
1.9
4.7

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,525
1,135

4,938
1,112

4,751
1,010

4.8
4.2

3.4
4.3

3.5
3.9

3.3
4.2

3.6
4.1

3.5
3.7

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to
persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
2
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,
but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an
opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Sept.
2021

Aug.
2022

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2022

Sept.
2021

May
2022

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

3,728
786
2,943
2,270
672
852
2,301
486

2,871
866
2,005
1,427
578
983
1,891
511

2,176
463
1,713
1,161
552
976
1,867
441

4,002
1,083
2,919
2,243
676
792
2,275
491

2,736
810
1,927
1,386
541
764
1,943
535

2,645
827
1,818
1,273
545
832
1,990
464

2,547
791
1,756
1,166
589
842
1,826
460

2,720
782
1,938
1,354
584
898
1,836
440

2,495
758
1,737
1,181
556
905
1,840
447

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

50.6
10.7
39.9
11.6
31.2
6.6

45.9
13.8
32.0
15.7
30.2
8.2

39.9
8.5
31.4
17.9
34.2
8.1

52.9
14.3
38.6
10.5
30.1
6.5

45.8
13.5
32.2
12.8
32.5
8.9

44.6
13.9
30.7
14.0
33.6
7.8

44.9
13.9
30.9
14.8
32.2
8.1

46.2
13.3
32.9
15.2
31.2
7.5

43.9
13.3
30.5
15.9
32.4
7.9

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

2.3
0.5
1.4
0.3

1.7
0.6
1.1
0.3

1.3
0.6
1.1
0.3

2.5
0.5
1.4
0.3

1.7
0.5
1.2
0.3

1.6
0.5
1.2
0.3

1.6
0.5
1.1
0.3

1.7
0.5
1.1
0.3

1.5
0.5
1.1
0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Sept.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2021

May
2022

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,209
1,565
3,593
889
2,704

2,162
2,175
1,919
683
1,236

2,127
1,474
1,859
751
1,109

2,227
1,727
3,711
1,047
2,664

2,066
1,767
2,017
661
1,356

2,262
1,552
2,089
753
1,336

2,080
1,772
1,785
718
1,067

2,223
1,807
2,022
885
1,137

2,154
1,645
1,966
899
1,067

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29.2
13.9

22.1
8.6

20.7
8.8

28.3
13.7

22.5
9.6

22.3
8.5

22.1
8.5

22.3
8.5

20.2
8.3

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

30.0
21.2
48.8
12.1
36.7

34.6
34.8
30.7
10.9
19.8

39.0
27.0
34.1
13.7
20.3

29.1
22.5
48.4
13.7
34.8

35.3
30.2
34.5
11.3
23.2

38.3
26.3
35.4
12.8
22.6

36.9
31.4
31.7
12.7
18.9

36.7
29.9
33.4
14.6
18.8

37.4
28.5
34.1
15.6
18.5

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployment
rates

Unemployed

Sept.
2021

Sept.
2022

Sept.
2021

Sept.
2022

Sept.
2021

Sept.
2022

154,026
65,163

159,003
69,056

7,366
1,580

5,460
1,291

4.6
2.4

3.3
1.8

27,952
37,211
25,674
29,593
14,225
15,368

29,780
39,276
25,738
29,602
13,878
15,725

669
911
1,758
1,525
782
743

537
754
1,178
1,154
553
601

2.3
2.4
6.4
4.9
5.2
4.6

1.8
1.9
4.4
3.8
3.8
3.7

14,295
1,024
8,332
4,939

14,518
934
8,628
4,956

700
71
427
202

477
42
343
92

4.7
6.5
4.9
3.9

3.2
4.3
3.8
1.8

19,301
7,967
11,335

20,088
8,222
11,866

1,298
463
835

904
304
600

6.3
5.5
6.9

4.3
3.6
4.8

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect
the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification
system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly
comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Sept.
2021

Sept.
2022

Sept.
2021

Sept.
2022

7,366
5,868
48
444
580
370
210
1,102
447
97
246
802
805
1,019
278
77
497
438

5,460
4,297
16
346
416
236
181
768
337
85
136
544
659
802
189
46
388
288

4.6
4.6
7.3
4.5
3.9
3.9
3.8
5.7
5.4
4.0
2.5
4.4
3.3
7.7
4.2
5.0
2.4
4.1

3.3
3.3
2.5
3.4
2.8
2.5
3.3
4.0
4.0
3.2
1.3
2.9
2.6
5.9
2.8
3.2
1.8
2.8

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the
introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from
the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2021

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

Sept.
2021

May
2022

June
2022

July
2022

Aug.
2022

Sept.
2022

2.2

1.2

1.1

2.3

1.2

1.3

1.1

1.2

1.2

2.3

1.7

1.3

2.5

1.7

1.6

1.6

1.7

1.5

4.6

3.8

3.3

4.7

3.6

3.6

3.5

3.7

3.5

4.8

4.0

3.6

5.0

3.9

3.8

3.7

3.9

3.8

5.6

4.6

4.3

5.8

4.5

4.5

4.4

4.5

4.4

8.1

7.0

6.4

8.5

7.1

6.7

6.7

7.0

6.7

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Sept.
2021

Men
Sept.
2022

Sept.
2021

Women
Sept.
2022

Sept.
2021

Sept.
2022

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

100,373
5,710
1,732
409
1,323

99,893
5,650
1,619
462
1,157

40,933
2,479
887
246
642

41,278
2,627
817
286
531

59,441
3,232
844
163
682

58,615
3,024
802
176
626

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,032
4.6
3,904
1,690
352
1,055

7,739
4.9
4,307
1,925
420
1,042

3,530
4.3
2,148
636
222
510

3,753
4.4
2,300
664
251
518

3,502
4.8
1,757
1,054
130
545

3,986
5.4
2,007
1,261
169
525

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022p

Sept.
2022p

Sept.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022p

Sept.
2022p

147,651
125,444
20,601

152,258
131,111
21,450

152,642
131,156
21,470

153,073
130,708
21,402

147,328
125,217
20,416

152,440
130,173
21,153

152,755
130,448
21,188

153,018
130,736
21,232

Change
from:
Aug.2022 Sept.2022p
263
288
44

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

579
46.0
532.7
120.3
177.7
36.2
41.2

642
46.0
595.6
143.5
183.8
38.1
44.0

637
47.0
590.0
133.9
183.2
37.8
43.9

636
46.3
590.0
133.6
181.9
37.8
43.6

576
45.5
530.2
119.9
175.7
36.5
41.5

633
45.1
587.4
140.5
179.9
38.2
43.3

630
45.3
585.1
133.4
179.6
38.0
43.6

633
45.6
587.7
133.8
179.6
38.0
43.9

3
0.3
2.6
0.4
0.0
0.0
0.3

100.3
234.7

101.7
268.3

101.5
272.9

100.5
274.5

97.7
234.6

98.3
267.0

98.0
272.1

97.7
274.3

-0.3
2.2

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

7,595
1,678.3
876.4
801.9
1,089.4
4,827.7
2,226.2
2,601.5

7,909
1,749.9
921.9
828.0
1,126.6
5,032.8
2,316.9
2,715.9

7,910
1,746.4
918.9
827.5
1,126.4
5,037.6
2,316.5
2,721.1

7,877
1,733.6
906.9
826.7
1,126.0
5,017.0
2,303.8
2,713.2

7,427
1,652.7
867.8
784.9
1,035.4
4,739.3
2,196.9
2,542.4

7,689
1,709.7
900.5
809.2
1,077.8
4,901.8
2,262.9
2,638.9

7,700
1,710.4
900.9
809.5
1,075.7
4,913.8
2,267.9
2,645.9

7,719
1,712.7
900.8
811.9
1,075.2
4,931.5
2,274.4
2,657.1

19
2.3
-0.1
2.4
-0.5
17.7
6.5
11.2

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,427

12,899

12,923

12,889

12,413

12,831

12,858

12,880

7,721
413.2
408.4
351.0
1,391.6
1,061.4
1,060.1
158.9
85.0

7,993
433.6
419.7
362.6
1,449.4
1,105.4
1,093.8
163.9
85.8

8,018
432.8
422.7
363.4
1,445.0
1,102.0
1,096.3
164.8
83.9

8,002
432.5
419.6
360.8
1,448.0
1,095.6
1,089.5
164.6
83.2

7,725
414.1
402.6
352.9
1,392.3
1,063.1
1,062.8
158.8
85.4

7,967
433.0
412.5
362.7
1,440.5
1,096.5
1,087.5
163.1
85.0

7,992
432.4
415.9
363.3
1,443.3
1,098.7
1,091.1
163.9
84.0

8,008
434.6
414.4
362.9
1,449.6
1,097.0
1,091.5
164.3
83.7

16
2.2
-1.5
-0.4
6.3
-1.7
0.4
0.4
-0.3

369.2
416.7

389.5
422.4

390.4
424.6

387.2
422.3

370.7
417.7

385.9
421.6

388.4
423.0

388.3
423.2

-0.1
0.2

30.3
395.8
1,649.6
966.8
378.1

32.2
412.4
1,687.4
983.8
384.6

32.6
411.2
1,718.1
1,011.0
382.3

32.2
412.9
1,724.2
1,016.8
379.4

30.2
397.1
1,648.4
964.2
379.0

31.9
409.6
1,702.1
999.0
382.8

31.9
411.3
1,712.6
1,003.0
382.0

32.0
414.3
1,721.0
1,011.3
381.7

0.1
3.0
8.4
8.3
-0.3

612.1

644.1

644.6

639.1

612.7

640.0

641.2

640.7

-0.5

4,706
1,649.9
99.1
103.5
92.2
347.6
369.7
107.2
867.1
725.1

4,906
1,720.9
100.4
105.0
95.8
359.4
378.8
110.5
909.2
755.0

4,905
1,724.9
100.1
103.5
95.2
358.2
378.4
111.4
909.5
754.9

4,887
1,720.8
99.1
103.0
94.4
358.0
373.3
111.1
907.5
750.5

4,688
1,638.1
99.0
103.3
91.3
347.5
368.8
105.4
870.5
728.2

4,864
1,704.0
100.1
105.0
95.3
359.4
377.0
108.1
903.5
753.1

4,866
1,703.0
99.7
104.2
94.8
358.9
377.7
108.8
907.4
753.2

4,872
1,710.8
99.2
103.5
94.3
359.0
373.7
109.1
910.8
751.8

6
7.8
-0.5
-0.7
-0.5
0.1
-4.0
0.3
3.4
-1.4

344.8

370.9

369.3

369.0

336.0

358.4

358.3

359.6

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

104,843

109,661

109,686

109,306

104,801

109,020

109,260

109,504

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27,730

28,644

28,647

28,595

27,907

28,754

28,819

28,822

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

22

5,701.9
3,134.1
2,086.4

5,916.2
3,257.9
2,155.1

5,916.0
3,259.5
2,153.6

5,907.4
3,254.5
2,148.9

5,703.9
3,136.1
2,084.5

5,881.8
3,240.4
2,139.6

5,897.9
3,250.2
2,145.6

5,909.2
3,257.2
2,147.9

1.3
244
3
11.3
7.0
2.3

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Sept.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022p

Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2022p

Sept.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022p

Sept.
2022p

Change
from:
Aug.2022 Sept.2022p

Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

481.4

503.2

502.9

504.0

483.3

501.8

502.1

504.1

2.0

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores, including
warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,353.5
1,952.4
1,228.0
172.2
552.2
438.3
419.5

15,793.3
1,983.1
1,236.5
180.5
566.1
430.5
421.8

15,777.6
1,988.5
1,240.7
177.6
570.2
425.9
422.3

15,667.4
1,978.6
1,234.1
174.6
569.9
422.9
419.5

15,493.6
1,947.5
1,226.0
171.0
550.5
444.9
423.3

15,800.2
1,970.1
1,233.1
171.3
565.7
435.5
432.8

15,842.8
1,974.1
1,234.9
170.8
568.4
433.1
431.4

15,841.7
1,973.6
1,233.1
172.7
567.8
431.3
429.3

-1.1
-0.5
-1.8
1.9
-0.6
-1.8
-2.1

1,388.4
3,085.3
1,027.1
949.3
1,041.6

1,432.2
3,203.3
1,048.0
984.8
1,082.1

1,405.8
3,209.8
1,059.2
989.7
1,087.8

1,379.8
3,180.7
1,063.9
981.2
1,069.9

1,392.2
3,115.9
1,037.4
941.5
1,059.9

1,391.4
3,188.8
1,059.6
971.7
1,081.2

1,396.3
3,202.6
1,069.3
973.5
1,085.1

1,390.2
3,205.3
1,072.9
974.3
1,085.3

-6.1
2.7
3.6
0.8
0.2

532.3
3,056.8
915.3

533.1
3,154.4
938.2

529.7
3,146.7
938.5

520.9
3,145.6
938.3

541.8
3,117.3
948.9

535.7
3,225.2
969.3

531.8
3,234.1
972.6

529.5
3,233.8
973.2

-2.3
-0.3
0.6

2,141.5
815.9
646.6

2,216.2
877.4
642.6

2,208.2
868.7
643.5

2,207.3
858.4
646.0

2,168.4
824.1
647.8

2,255.9
859.8
648.4

2,261.6
862.0
649.5

2,260.6
866.9
649.3

-1.0
4.9
-0.2

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,136.7
496.5
145.8
57.0
1,536.0

6,388.8
568.0
146.3
66.0
1,608.7

6,410.1
567.8
146.8
63.0
1,612.5

6,479.5
567.4
146.8
62.2
1,591.3

6,169.7
496.0
145.8
55.7
1,526.8

6,531.2
562.5
146.6
62.1
1,592.4

6,536.6
564.3
146.7
61.2
1,592.2

6,528.7
567.1
146.8
61.2
1,580.8

-7.9
2.8
0.1
0.0
-11.4

390.4
50.1
28.1
731.1
1,034.7
1,667.0

355.8
49.9
36.1
775.4
1,032.3
1,750.3

354.4
49.7
35.3
786.2
1,045.2
1,749.2

424.6
48.4
34.1
788.7
1,055.3
1,760.7

373.8
50.2
25.0
731.9
1,080.6
1,683.9

414.6
49.6
29.3
778.6
1,108.4
1,787.1

413.5
49.5
29.5
785.1
1,112.6
1,782.0

409.9
48.6
30.9
790.0
1,111.2
1,782.2

-3.6
-0.9
1.4
4.9
-1.4
0.2

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

537.5

545.5

543.3

540.5

539.7

541.1

541.7

541.9

0.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,872
790.1

3,055
843.1

3,049
845.8

3,044
846.0

2,874
792.4

3,025
837.1

3,030
842.6

3,043
848.2

13
5.6

404.4
235.2
658.5

453.5
232.5
670.1

451.0
234.2
665.2

446.6
234.6
664.4

401.8
234.5
660.2

439.8
235.0
667.6

439.2
235.1
665.6

444.4
234.1
663.9

5.2
-1.0
-1.7

399.1
384.5

424.6
431.0

420.9
431.9

423.4
428.9

401.0
383.7

421.6
423.9

422.2
425.6

424.1
427.9

1.9
2.3

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,800
6,506.6
20.9

9,026
6,628.3
21.4

9,020
6,622.7
21.1

8,956
6,576.6
21.0

8,794
6,517.0
20.9

8,958
6,601.3
21.1

8,965
6,603.3
21.0

8,957
6,590.3
21.0

-8
-13.0
0.0

2,701.9
1,728.6
1,344.9
640.5
332.8

2,712.0
1,747.3
1,348.6
632.3
332.4

2,708.0
1,747.9
1,347.7
627.2
332.9

2,687.8
1,740.2
1,339.8
618.0
329.6

2,708.8
1,735.0
1,350.6
639.7
334.0

2,703.4
1,738.1
1,340.7
632.1
333.2

2,699.3
1,741.3
1,341.9
625.3
332.7

2,695.5
1,745.8
1,344.1
618.2
331.5

-3.8
4.5
2.2
-7.1
-1.2

989.4
2,794.4
2,293.3
1,767.2
505.8

1,052.8
2,842.1
2,397.5
1,824.4
552.2

1,050.0
2,843.6
2,397.2
1,822.4
554.0

1,037.1
2,830.7
2,379.5
1,816.2
542.7

991.0
2,796.3
2,277.2
1,761.5
495.2

1,038.9
2,837.9
2,356.4
1,803.2
532.6

1,039.5
2,843.5
2,361.8
1,805.0
536.3

1,039.6
2,834.2
2,366.8
1,812.2
534.0

0.1
-9.3
5.0
7.2
-2.3

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Sept.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022p

Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2022p

Sept.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022p

Sept.
2022p

Change
from:
Aug.2022 Sept.2022p

Real estate and rental and leasing Continued
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

20.3

20.9

20.8

20.6

20.5

20.6

20.5

20.6

0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

21,460
9,933.9
1,156.4
1,005.9
1,569.2
143.7

22,418
10,526.1
1,199.5
1,074.9
1,668.3
154.3

22,475
10,526.7
1,178.8
1,066.6
1,670.9
153.3

22,452
10,447.2
1,167.2
1,068.0
1,651.3
152.6

21,383
10,012.5
1,162.0
1,068.2
1,564.7
144.3

22,373
10,490.8
1,188.0
1,113.0
1,642.5
154.1

22,427
10,522.6
1,179.9
1,115.7
1,649.9
153.1

22,473
10,533.3
1,174.9
1,123.0
1,649.1
153.5

46
10.7
-5.0
7.3
-0.8
0.4

2,321.0

2,440.6

2,452.4

2,427.5

2,329.7

2,430.1

2,439.0

2,440.9

1.9

1,654.4

1,763.8

1,776.1

1,771.5

1,656.5

1,762.1

1,773.9

1,779.2

5.3

832.8
450.9
799.6
2,335.1
9,190.9
8,730.1
556.2
154.6
3,626.4
2,949.7
803.4

904.6
489.4
830.7
2,410.4
9,481.3
8,999.3
605.3
156.2
3,748.2
3,032.6
764.6

898.3
492.1
838.2
2,397.4
9,550.7
9,066.2
605.8
157.1
3,811.1
3,086.4
766.9

890.2
483.4
835.5
2,388.5
9,615.9
9,134.2
606.5
158.0
3,905.6
3,172.8
760.5

837.3
451.6
798.1
2,337.2
9,033.7
8,573.7
556.7
155.2
3,537.0
2,872.0
804.4

889.7
486.5
825.0
2,394.0
9,487.8
9,011.1
600.3
156.0
3,872.0
3,155.7
781.2

889.8
490.1
831.1
2,387.9
9,516.4
9,037.4
602.3
156.1
3,888.4
3,168.9
777.1

894.4
485.4
832.8
2,391.6
9,548.0
9,068.5
606.1
157.3
3,909.5
3,196.1
765.6

4.6
-4.7
1.7
3.7
31.6
31.1
3.8
1.2
21.1
27.2
-11.5

146.0
908.3
2,223.1
312.1

156.9
926.6
2,315.4
326.1

156.1
934.1
2,306.0
329.1

155.8
944.8
2,274.7
328.3

144.1
908.4
2,160.4
307.6

153.6
928.4
2,195.8
323.8

153.0
933.1
2,202.3
325.0

154.1
942.5
2,210.2
323.4

1.1
9.4
7.9
-1.6

460.8

482.0

484.5

481.7

460.0

476.7

479.0

479.5

0.5

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23,706
3,618.3
20,087.2
16,015.6
7,916.2
2,751.0
1,002.7
1,025.9
1,002.6
307.3
1,513.0

24,191
3,548.3
20,642.9
16,422.7
8,194.7
2,836.5
1,045.8
1,091.1
1,028.0
312.8
1,563.5

24,289
3,580.5
20,708.9
16,468.6
8,211.7
2,841.5
1,046.0
1,095.2
1,029.9
313.6
1,567.4

24,598
3,834.4
20,763.8
16,518.3
8,229.7
2,853.5
1,037.6
1,094.1
1,031.2
312.2
1,581.7

23,737
3,620.9
20,115.7
16,025.8
7,931.8
2,756.0
1,004.6
1,028.6
1,004.3
309.9
1,515.6

24,480
3,830.3
20,649.3
16,407.9
8,196.5
2,835.2
1,041.4
1,092.0
1,027.3
314.4
1,569.0

24,555
3,845.9
20,709.5
16,455.5
8,215.8
2,845.3
1,040.8
1,093.5
1,030.8
315.3
1,571.7

24,645
3,860.2
20,784.9
16,515.6
8,243.9
2,855.5
1,042.0
1,098.1
1,032.2
315.0
1,582.3

90
14.3
75.4
60.1
28.1
10.2
1.2
4.6
1.4
-0.3
10.6

313.7
5,124.5
2,974.9
1,349.2
598.6

317.0
5,198.1
3,029.9
1,363.6
610.7

318.1
5,216.7
3,040.2
1,364.4
614.6

319.4
5,247.7
3,040.9
1,367.1
615.4

312.8
5,121.5
2,972.5
1,346.7
599.4

317.2
5,195.8
3,015.6
1,358.2
608.3

318.6
5,212.9
3,026.8
1,359.6
613.0

318.8
5,240.4
3,031.3
1,361.0
615.0

0.2
27.5
4.5
1.4
2.0

873.2
153.9
4,071.6
2,704.8
192.3
272.9
901.6

898.4
157.2
4,220.2
2,818.5
201.2
276.8
923.7

902.6
158.6
4,240.3
2,823.3
202.6
277.6
936.8

900.8
157.6
4,245.5
2,822.9
199.7
274.8
948.1

871.9
154.4
4,089.9
2,728.9
193.3
273.7
894.0

893.1
156.0
4,241.4
2,811.1
201.7
272.1
956.4

896.5
157.6
4,254.0
2,821.3
204.2
274.7
953.8

897.5
157.8
4,269.3
2,840.4
201.8
275.3
951.8

1.0
0.2
15.3
19.1
-2.4
0.6
-2.0

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14,758
2,153.8
447.9

16,541
2,635.0
522.3

16,443
2,562.2
510.2

15,950
2,360.1
515.3

14,587
2,090.8
416.5

15,731
2,300.5
498.5

15,762
2,300.8
490.4

15,845
2,317.1
492.9

83
16.3
2.5

144.6

175.5

171.1

163.1

142.8

159.2

160.9

162.0

1.1

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022p

Sept.
2022p

Sept.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022p

Sept.
2022p

Change
from:
Aug.2022 Sept.2022p

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

1,561.3
12,604.1
1,595.5
11,008.6

1,937.2
13,905.6
1,884.5
12,021.1

1,880.9
13,880.8
1,855.3
12,025.5

1,681.7
13,589.4
1,760.3
11,829.1

1,531.5
12,496.5
1,541.3
10,955.2

1,642.8
13,430.3
1,715.3
11,715.0

1,649.5
13,460.9
1,720.2
11,740.7

1,662.2
13,527.6
1,726.9
11,800.7

12.7
66.7
6.7
60.0

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,517
1,367.5
1,388.8
2,760.6

5,786
1,436.7
1,479.6
2,869.4

5,763
1,437.7
1,472.8
2,852.9

5,711
1,435.1
1,468.4
2,807.3

5,519
1,366.7
1,390.0
2,762.2

5,699
1,425.4
1,463.4
2,809.8

5,702
1,427.8
1,462.0
2,812.0

5,719
1,435.4
1,470.0
2,813.5

17
7.6
8.0
1.5

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

22,207
2,895
2,291.1
603.7
5,297
2,634.2
2,662.7
14,015
7,662.0
6,353.2

21,147
2,878
2,274.0
604.3
4,930
2,275.1
2,654.6
13,339
6,713.4
6,625.5

21,486
2,867
2,274.4
592.8
4,989
2,333.4
2,655.8
13,630
7,029.6
6,599.9

22,365
2,873
2,278.3
594.8
5,300
2,662.8
2,637.5
14,192
7,764.2
6,428.0

22,111
2,885
2,280.9
603.9
5,224
2,562.5
2,661.9
14,002
7,635.5
6,366.2

22,267
2,864
2,260.8
603.0
5,246
2,607.0
2,639.2
14,157
7,756.6
6,400.1

22,307
2,862
2,262.3
599.6
5,247
2,605.1
2,641.6
14,198
7,777.1
6,420.8

22,282
2,864
2,264.9
598.7
5,231
2,598.0
2,633.0
14,187
7,755.4
6,431.9

-25
2
2.6
-0.9
-16
-7.1
-8.6
-11
-21.7
11.1

Industry

Arts, entertainment, and recreation Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022p

Sept.
2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.8
40.2
45.4
39.5
40.4
40.5
40.2
33.7
34.4
39.3
30.7
38.6
42.3
36.7
37.6
36.7
33.3
26.2
32.3

34.5
39.9
46.2
38.7
40.4
40.8
39.7
33.5
34.2
39.1
30.3
38.5
42.2
36.7
37.4
36.6
33.4
25.6
32.3

34.5
39.9
46.2
38.7
40.3
40.7
39.7
33.4
34.0
38.9
30.1
38.4
41.6
36.5
37.4
36.6
33.4
25.6
32.2

34.5
39.9
46.2
38.7
40.3
40.6
39.7
33.5
34.0
38.9
30.1
38.5
41.8
36.6
37.4
36.8
33.4
25.6
32.4

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.3
3.2
3.4

3.2
3.3
3.1

3.2
3.3
3.1

3.2
3.3
3.0

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Sept.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022p

Sept.
2022p

Sept.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022p

Sept.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$30.92
31.33
35.25
33.22
30.02
31.52
27.52
30.83
26.57
33.98
22.14
26.66
45.26
44.30
40.30
37.01
30.55
18.82
28.03

$32.27
32.51
36.68
34.78
30.98
32.52
28.37
32.21
27.72
35.16
23.02
28.06
47.45
46.38
41.68
38.85
31.91
20.18
28.58

$32.36
32.58
36.57
34.88
31.03
32.61
28.38
32.30
27.78
35.27
23.02
28.22
47.23
47.20
41.83
38.89
31.97
20.25
28.63

$32.46
32.70
36.59
35.04
31.13
32.70
28.48
32.41
27.89
35.42
23.04
28.41
47.86
47.51
42.24
38.93
31.96
20.30
28.79

$1,076.02
1,259.47
1,600.35
1,312.19
1,212.81
1,276.56
1,106.30
1,038.97
914.01
1,335.41
679.70
1,029.08
1,914.50
1,625.81
1,515.28
1,358.27
1,017.32
493.08
905.37

$1,113.32
1,297.15
1,694.62
1,345.99
1,251.59
1,326.82
1,126.29
1,079.04
948.02
1,374.76
697.51
1,080.31
2,002.39
1,702.15
1,558.83
1,421.91
1,065.79
516.61
923.13

$1,116.42
1,299.94
1,689.53
1,349.86
1,250.51
1,327.23
1,126.69
1,078.82
944.52
1,372.00
692.90
1,083.65
1,964.77
1,722.80
1,564.44
1,423.37
1,067.80
518.40
921.89

$1,119.87
1,304.73
1,690.46
1,356.05
1,254.54
1,327.62
1,130.66
1,085.74
948.26
1,377.84
693.50
1,093.79
2,000.55
1,738.87
1,579.78
1,432.62
1,067.46
519.68
932.80

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Sept.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022p

Sept.
2022p

Percent
change
from:
Aug.
2022 Sept.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

109.4
93.5
82.2
101.1
90.2
88.1
94.1
113.7
104.7
98.9
96.6
136.8
98.8
96.3
108.3
123.0
129.1
109.0
102.8

112.7
96.2
91.9
102.6
93.3
91.5
96.4
117.6
107.3
101.4
97.2
144.5
98.8
101.4
109.8
128.4
133.5
114.9
106.1

113.0
96.3
91.5
102.7
93.2
91.6
96.4
117.5
106.9
101.2
96.8
144.2
97.5
101.0
109.9
128.7
133.9
115.1
105.9

113.2
96.5
91.9
103.0
93.4
91.5
96.5
118.1
106.9
101.4
96.8
144.4
98.0
101.7
109.8
129.7
134.4
115.7
106.8

0.2
0.2
0.4
0.3
0.2
-0.1
0.1
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.0
0.1
0.5
0.7
-0.1
0.8
0.4
0.5
0.8

1

Sept.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022p

Sept.
2022p

Percent
change
from:
Aug.
2022 Sept.
2022p

161.7
132.4
116.3
146.0
126.0
123.3
131.4
170.4
150.1
140.5
141.3
185.6
147.7
151.9
170.3
184.4
189.7
165.6
157.9

173.9
141.3
135.3
155.0
134.4
132.2
138.7
184.1
160.4
149.2
147.9
206.2
154.9
167.4
178.5
202.0
205.0
187.1
166.2

174.8
141.8
134.3
155.7
134.5
132.6
138.9
184.5
160.2
149.3
147.3
207.1
152.1
169.7
179.2
202.7
206.0
188.1
166.1

175.7
142.6
135.0
156.8
135.2
132.9
139.5
186.1
160.8
150.2
147.4
208.7
155.0
172.1
180.8
204.4
206.7
189.6
168.6

0.5
0.6
0.5
0.7
0.5
0.2
0.4
0.9
0.4
0.6
0.1
0.8
1.9
1.4
0.9
0.8
0.3
0.8
1.5

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Sept.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022p

Sept.
2022p

Sept.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022p

Sept.
2022p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

73,465
60,694
4,656
73
1,026
3,557
1,888
1,669
56,038
11,032
1,720.2
7,560.0
1,615.6
135.8
1,132
4,940
9,929
18,355
7,729
2,921
12,771

76,005
63,057
4,883
83
1,080
3,720
1,980
1,740
58,174
11,441
1,800.4
7,736.0
1,767.3
137.5
1,210
4,997
10,298
18,876
8,321
3,031
12,948

76,146
63,182
4,890
83
1,080
3,727
1,989
1,738
58,292
11,463
1,800.9
7,746.1
1,778.2
138.1
1,217
4,996
10,306
18,932
8,344
3,034
12,964

76,301
63,337
4,908
85
1,084
3,739
2,000
1,739
58,429
11,463
1,801.1
7,753.4
1,770.8
138.1
1,231
4,991
10,302
19,017
8,389
3,036
12,964

49.9
48.5
22.8
12.7
13.8
28.7
24.4
35.6
53.5
39.5
30.2
48.8
26.2
25.2
39.4
56.2
46.4
77.3
53.0
52.9
57.8

49.9
48.4
23.1
13.1
14.0
29.0
24.9
35.8
53.4
39.8
30.6
49.0
27.1
25.4
40.0
55.8
46.0
77.1
52.9
53.2
58.1

49.8
48.4
23.1
13.2
14.0
29.0
24.9
35.7
53.4
39.8
30.5
48.9
27.2
25.5
40.2
55.7
46.0
77.1
52.9
53.2
58.1

49.9
48.4
23.1
13.4
14.0
29.0
25.0
35.7
53.4
39.8
30.5
48.9
27.1
25.5
40.5
55.7
45.8
77.2
52.9
53.1
58.2

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Sept.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022p

Sept.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

102,152
14,551
428
5,482
8,641
5,301
3,340
87,601
23,579
4,535.1
13,237.8
5,376.7
429.5
2,285
6,628
17,349
20,725
12,538
4,497

106,064
15,163
472
5,686
9,005
5,509
3,496
90,901
24,261
4,675.4
13,470.7
5,680.6
434.7
2,414
6,746
17,886
21,299
13,653
4,642

106,288
15,192
471
5,695
9,026
5,533
3,493
91,096
24,311
4,683.7
13,494.3
5,699.3
434.0
2,416
6,747
17,931
21,341
13,703
4,647

106,507
15,222
468
5,708
9,046
5,545
3,501
91,285
24,314
4,688.9
13,492.3
5,699.1
433.5
2,421
6,749
17,969
21,402
13,766
4,664

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Sept.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022p

Sept.
2022p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.3
41.2
47.2
40.4
41.4
41.3
41.4
33.1
34.3
39.1
30.7
38.4
42.4
36.5
37.3
36.4
32.6
25.0
31.4

34.0
40.7
48.1
39.5
41.1
41.5
40.5
32.9
34.0
39.2
30.3
37.8
42.4
36.2
37.4
36.4
32.6
24.5
31.2

33.9
40.6
47.3
39.5
41.0
41.3
40.4
32.8
33.9
38.9
30.2
37.8
42.4
36.1
37.3
36.4
32.6
24.5
31.2

34.0
40.7
47.8
39.5
41.1
41.4
40.5
32.9
34.0
38.9
30.4
37.8
42.0
36.1
37.3
36.5
32.6
24.6
31.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

4.1
4.1
4.2

4.0
4.2
3.7

3.9
4.1
3.7

3.9
4.1
3.6

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Sept.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022p

Sept.
2022p

Sept.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022p

Sept.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$26.26
26.81
31.37
30.76
24.10
25.11
22.51
26.14
22.71
28.08
18.70
24.44
40.18
36.65
30.54
31.01
27.67
16.65
23.91

$27.57
28.02
33.06
32.41
25.05
26.17
23.24
27.48
23.98
29.31
19.59
26.19
42.27
37.79
32.46
32.62
28.97
17.82
24.64

$27.67
28.14
33.14
32.62
25.11
26.26
23.27
27.57
24.08
29.37
19.63
26.47
42.15
38.26
32.52
32.66
29.07
17.92
24.58

$27.77
28.27
33.02
32.83
25.22
26.36
23.37
27.66
24.17
29.54
19.66
26.69
42.25
38.77
32.84
32.73
29.08
17.97
24.75

$900.72
1,104.57
1,480.66
1,242.70
997.74
1,037.04
931.91
865.23
778.95
1,097.93
574.09
938.50
1,703.63
1,337.73
1,139.14
1,128.76
902.04
416.25
750.77

$937.38
1,140.41
1,590.19
1,280.20
1,029.56
1,086.06
941.22
904.09
815.32
1,148.95
593.58
989.98
1,792.25
1,368.00
1,214.00
1,187.37
944.42
436.59
768.77

$938.01
1,142.48
1,567.52
1,288.49
1,029.51
1,084.54
940.11
904.30
816.31
1,142.49
592.83
1,000.57
1,787.16
1,381.19
1,213.00
1,188.82
947.68
439.04
766.90

$944.18
1,150.59
1,578.36
1,296.79
1,036.54
1,091.30
946.49
910.01
821.78
1,149.11
597.66
1,008.88
1,774.50
1,399.60
1,224.93
1,194.65
948.01
442.06
774.68

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Sept.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022p

Sept.
2022p

Percent
change
from:
Aug.
2022 Sept.
2022p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

116.8
91.6
107.4
110.9
82.1
82.2
81.5
123.5
113.1
105.2
102.8
156.3
93.1
95.2
116.4
141.2
144.1
114.8
99.0

120.2
94.3
120.6
112.5
85.0
85.9
83.4
127.4
115.4
108.8
103.3
162.5
94.3
99.7
118.7
145.6
148.0
122.5
101.6

120.1
94.3
118.4
112.6
85.0
85.8
83.1
127.3
115.3
108.1
103.1
163.0
94.1
99.5
118.4
145.9
148.3
123.0
101.7

120.7
94.7
118.9
112.9
85.3
86.2
83.5
128.0
115.6
108.3
103.8
163.0
93.1
99.8
118.5
146.6
148.8
124.0
102.4

0.5
0.4
0.4
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.3
0.2
0.7
0.0
-1.1
0.3
0.1
0.5
0.3
0.8
0.7

1

Sept.
2021

July
2022

Aug.
2022p

Sept.
2022p

Percent
change
from:
Aug.
2022 Sept.
2022p

204.9
150.4
195.9
184.2
129.4
128.9
129.6
221.5
183.6
174.4
164.8
243.1
156.2
172.7
218.6
260.4
263.1
217.1
172.5

221.4
161.8
232.0
196.8
139.2
140.3
137.0
240.2
197.7
188.2
173.4
270.9
166.3
186.6
237.1
282.4
283.1
248.0
182.4

222.1
162.4
228.2
198.4
139.5
140.7
136.7
240.7
198.3
187.4
173.5
274.7
165.6
188.5
237.0
283.4
284.6
250.3
182.1

224.0
163.9
228.3
200.1
140.8
141.9
138.0
242.8
199.7
188.7
174.9
277.0
164.2
191.5
239.4
285.4
285.5
253.1
184.6

0.9
0.9
0.0
0.9
0.9
0.9
1.0
0.9
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
-0.8
1.6
1.0
0.7
0.3
1.1
1.4

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2021 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.