Full text of The Employment Situation : September 2018

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Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, October 5, 2018

USDL-18-1586

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — SEPTEMBER 2018
The unemployment rate declined to 3.7 percent in September, and total nonfarm payroll employment
increased by 134,000, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in
professional and business services, in health care, and in transportation and warehousing.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
September 2016 – September 2018

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change,
seasonally adjusted, September 2016 – September 2018

Percent

Thousands

6.0

400
350

5.5

300

5.0

250
200

4.5

150

4.0

100
50

3.5

0

3.0
Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17

-50
Sep-17 Dec-17 Mar-18 Jun-18

Sep-18

Sep-16 Dec-16 Mar-17 Jun-17 Sep-17 Dec-17 Mar-18 Jun-18 Sep-18

Hurricane Florence
Hurricane Florence affected parts of the East Coast during the September reference periods for the
establishment and household surveys. Response rates for the two surveys were within normal ranges.
For information on how severe weather can affect employment and hours data, see Question 8 in the
Frequently Asked Questions section of this news release.
BLS will release the state estimates of employment and unemployment on October 19, 2018, at
10:00 a.m. (EDT).

Household Survey Data
The unemployment rate declined by 0.2 percentage point to 3.7 percent in September, and the number
of unemployed persons decreased by 270,000 to 6.0 million. Over the year, the unemployment rate and
the number of unemployed persons declined by 0.5 percentage point and 795,000, respectively. (See
table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult women (3.3 percent) and Whites
(3.3 percent) declined in September. The jobless rates for adult men (3.4 percent), teenagers (12.8
percent), Blacks (6.0 percent), Asians (3.5 percent), and Hispanics (4.5 percent) showed little or no
change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at 1.4
million over the month; these individuals accounted for 22.9 percent of the unemployed. (See table A12.)
In September, the labor force participation rate remained at 62.7 percent, and the employmentpopulation ratio, at 60.4 percent, was little changed. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers) increased by 263,000 to 4.6 million in September. These individuals,
who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been
reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)
In September, 1.6 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, essentially unchanged
from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force,
wanted and were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They
were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the
survey. (See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 383,000 discouraged workers in September, about
unchanged from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not
currently looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 1.2
million persons marginally attached to the labor force in September had not searched for work for
reasons such as school attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 134,000 in September, compared with an average monthly
gain of 201,000 over the prior 12 months. In September, job gains occurred in professional and business
services, in health care, and in transportation and warehousing. (See table B-1.)
Employment in professional and business services increased by 54,000 in September and has risen by
560,000 over the year.
Health care employment rose by 26,000 in September. Hospitals added 12,000 jobs, and employment in
ambulatory health care services continued to trend up (+10,000). Over the year, health care employment
has increased by 302,000.
-2-

In September, employment in transportation and warehousing rose by 24,000. Job gains occurred in
warehousing and storage (+8,000) and in couriers and messengers (+5,000). Over the year, employment
in transportation and warehousing has increased by 174,000.
Construction employment continued to trend up in September (+23,000). The industry has added
315,000 jobs over the past 12 months.
Employment in manufacturing continued to trend up in September (+18,000), reflecting a gain in
durable goods industries. Over the year, manufacturing has added 278,000 jobs, with about four-fifths of
the gain in the durable goods component.
Within mining, employment in support activities for mining rose by 6,000 over the month and by
53,000 over the year.
Employment in leisure and hospitality was little changed over the month (-17,000). Prior to September,
employment in the industry had been on a modest upward trend. Some of the weakness in this industry
in September may reflect the impact of Hurricane Florence.
Employment showed little or no change over the month in other major industries, including wholesale
trade, retail trade, information, financial activities, and government.
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained unchanged at 34.5
hours in September. In manufacturing, the workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 40.8 hours, and
overtime edged down by 0.1 hour to 3.4 hours. The average workweek for production and
nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls was unchanged at 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2
and B-7.)
In September, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 8 cents
to $27.24. Over the year, average hourly earnings have increased by 73 cents, or 2.8 percent. Average
hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 6 cents to
$22.81 in September. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for July was revised up from +147,000 to +165,000,
and the change for August was revised up from +201,000 to +270,000. With these revisions,
employment gains in July and August combined were 87,000 more than previously reported. (Monthly
revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last
published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job gains have
averaged 190,000 per month over the last 3 months.
_____________
The Employment Situation for October is scheduled to be released on Friday, November 2, 2018,
at 8:30 a.m. (EDT).

-3-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018

Change from:
Aug. 2018Sept. 2018

Sept.
2018

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

255,562
161,082
63.0
154,324
60.4
6,759
4.2
94,480

257,843
162,245
62.9
155,965
60.5
6,280
3.9
95,598

258,066
161,776
62.7
155,542
60.3
6,234
3.9
96,290

258,290
161,926
62.7
155,962
60.4
5,964
3.7
96,364

224
150
0.0
420
0.1
-270
-0.2
74

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

4.2
3.8
3.9
13.0
3.7
7.0
3.6
5.1

3.9
3.4
3.7
13.1
3.4
6.6
3.1
4.5

3.9
3.5
3.6
12.8
3.4
6.3
3.0
4.7

3.7
3.4
3.3
12.8
3.3
6.0
3.5
4.5

-0.2
-0.1
-0.3
0.0
-0.1
-0.3
0.5
-0.2

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

3.5
6.7
4.3
3.6
2.2

3.2
5.1
4.0
3.2
2.2

3.2
5.7
3.9
3.5
2.1

3.0
5.5
3.7
3.2
2.0

-0.2
-0.2
-0.2
-0.3
-0.1

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

3,316
737
2,068
663

3,017
844
1,799
591

2,875
862
1,846
584

2,796
730
1,877
586

-79
-132
31
2

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,223
1,879
962
1,733

2,091
1,820
971
1,435

2,208
1,720
923
1,332

2,065
1,720
861
1,384

-143
0
-62
52

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

5,148
3,098
1,725
20,951

4,567
2,877
1,431
21,532

4,379
2,551
1,365
21,781

4,642
2,782
1,447
21,464

263
231
82
-317

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

1,569
421

1,498
512

1,443
434

1,577
383

–
–

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018p

Sept.
2018p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

14
16
15
0
9
6
5
-2.4
1
1
7.6
1.8
25.4
0.4
-8
8
27
10.5
14
10.2
-75
0
-2

165
137
41
0
19
22
21
-1.0
1
96
10.3
2.0
8.2
-3.0
1
3
39
10.3
36
33.0
13
-13
28

270
254
37
6
26
5
5
1.6
0
217
21.3
11.5
21.3
0.6
-3
12
65
12.4
58
42.4
21
9
16

134
121
46
5
23
18
17
-0.4
1
75
4.4
-20.0
23.8
0.1
0
13
54
10.6
18
29.8
-17
-1
13

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

142
137

214
196

214
194

190
171

Category

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

49.5
48.1
82.4

49.7
48.3
82.4

49.7
48.3
82.4

49.7
48.3
82.4

34.3
$26.51
$909.29
107.3
-0.3
136.0
0.2

34.5
$27.07
$933.92
109.7
-0.2
142.0
0.1

34.5
$27.16
$937.02
110.0
0.3
142.8
0.6

34.5
$27.24
$939.78
110.1
0.1
143.3
0.4

57.0
54.6

59.7
59.9

63.6
61.8

60.9
62.5

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 149,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 651,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime
during the 4-week period ending with the reference week.
Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no
way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of
unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted
in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced
for the private sector for all employees and for production
and
nonsupervisory employees.
Production and
nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging,
construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory
employees in private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the
2017 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:
•

The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

•

The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

•

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.

•

The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000
(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from
-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Sept.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

Sept.
2017

May
2018

June
2018

July
2018

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

255,562
161,049
63.0
154,494
60.5
6,556
4.1
94,513
5,415

258,066
161,909
62.7
155,539
60.3
6,370
3.9
96,157
5,534

258,290
161,958
62.7
156,191
60.5
5,766
3.6
96,332
5,070

255,562
161,082
63.0
154,324
60.4
6,759
4.2
94,480
5,626

257,454
161,539
62.7
155,474
60.4
6,065
3.8
95,915
5,183

257,642
162,140
62.9
155,576
60.4
6,564
4.0
95,502
5,258

257,843
162,245
62.9
155,965
60.5
6,280
3.9
95,598
5,163

258,066
161,776
62.7
155,542
60.3
6,234
3.9
96,290
5,389

258,290
161,926
62.7
155,962
60.4
5,964
3.7
96,364
5,237

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

123,516
85,516
69.2
82,119
66.5
3,397
4.0
37,999

124,816
86,212
69.1
83,062
66.5
3,150
3.7
38,604

124,928
85,815
68.7
82,814
66.3
3,002
3.5
39,113

123,516
85,519
69.2
81,902
66.3
3,617
4.2
37,996

124,509
86,157
69.2
82,784
66.5
3,373
3.9
38,352

124,604
86,056
69.1
82,522
66.2
3,534
4.1
38,548

124,704
85,950
68.9
82,684
66.3
3,266
3.8
38,754

124,816
85,854
68.8
82,545
66.1
3,309
3.9
38,962

124,928
85,856
68.7
82,645
66.2
3,211
3.7
39,072

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

115,020
82,633
71.8
79,662
69.3
2,972
3.6
32,387

116,328
83,140
71.5
80,409
69.1
2,731
3.3
33,188

116,437
83,115
71.4
80,458
69.1
2,658
3.2
33,322

115,020
82,561
71.8
79,393
69.0
3,168
3.8
32,459

116,017
83,234
71.7
80,329
69.2
2,905
3.5
32,783

116,115
83,115
71.6
80,013
68.9
3,102
3.7
33,001

116,220
83,058
71.5
80,240
69.0
2,818
3.4
33,162

116,328
83,030
71.4
80,134
68.9
2,895
3.5
33,298

116,437
83,063
71.3
80,225
68.9
2,837
3.4
33,374

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

132,047
75,533
57.2
72,375
54.8
3,158
4.2
56,514

133,250
75,697
56.8
72,477
54.4
3,220
4.3
57,553

133,362
76,142
57.1
73,378
55.0
2,765
3.6
57,220

132,047
75,563
57.2
72,422
54.8
3,142
4.2
56,484

132,944
75,382
56.7
72,690
54.7
2,692
3.6
57,562

133,038
76,084
57.2
73,054
54.9
3,030
4.0
56,954

133,139
76,295
57.3
73,281
55.0
3,013
3.9
56,844

133,250
75,922
57.0
72,997
54.8
2,925
3.9
57,328

133,362
76,070
57.0
73,317
55.0
2,753
3.6
57,292

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

123,781
72,670
58.7
69,820
56.4
2,849
3.9
51,111

124,983
72,782
58.2
69,880
55.9
2,902
4.0
52,201

125,091
73,280
58.6
70,858
56.6
2,422
3.3
51,811

123,781
72,497
58.6
69,692
56.3
2,804
3.9
51,284

124,674
72,493
58.1
70,077
56.2
2,415
3.3
52,181

124,771
73,139
58.6
70,419
56.4
2,720
3.7
51,633

124,875
73,285
58.7
70,598
56.5
2,687
3.7
51,590

124,983
73,154
58.5
70,529
56.4
2,625
3.6
51,829

125,091
73,039
58.4
70,656
56.5
2,383
3.3
52,052

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,761
5,746
34.3
5,011
29.9
735
12.8
11,015

16,755
5,987
35.7
5,250
31.3
737
12.3
10,767

16,762
5,562
33.2
4,876
29.1
686
12.3
11,199

16,761
6,024
35.9
5,238
31.3
786
13.0
10,737

16,763
5,812
34.7
5,068
30.2
745
12.8
10,951

16,755
5,886
35.1
5,144
30.7
743
12.6
10,869

16,748
5,902
35.2
5,127
30.6
775
13.1
10,846

16,755
5,592
33.4
4,879
29.1
714
12.8
11,163

16,762
5,824
34.7
5,081
30.3
743
12.8
10,938

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Sept.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

Sept.
2017

May
2018

June
2018

July
2018

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

199,191
125,320
62.9
120,857
60.7
4,463
3.6
73,871

200,356
125,462
62.6
121,040
60.4
4,421
3.5
74,894

200,476
125,413
62.6
121,500
60.6
3,913
3.1
75,063

199,191
125,397
63.0
120,754
60.6
4,643
3.7
73,794

200,039
125,688
62.8
121,303
60.6
4,385
3.5
74,350

200,132
125,784
62.9
121,347
60.6
4,437
3.5
74,348

200,236
125,720
62.8
121,506
60.7
4,214
3.4
74,517

200,356
125,306
62.5
121,027
60.4
4,279
3.4
75,049

200,476
125,483
62.6
121,398
60.6
4,085
3.3
74,993

65,412
71.8
63,378
69.6
2,034
3.1

65,601
71.5
63,702
69.4
1,899
2.9

65,625
71.5
63,796
69.5
1,829
2.8

65,348
71.8
63,159
69.4
2,189
3.3

65,890
72.0
63,785
69.7
2,106
3.2

65,855
71.9
63,695
69.5
2,159
3.3

65,614
71.6
63,690
69.5
1,924
2.9

65,505
71.4
63,486
69.2
2,019
3.1

65,611
71.5
63,629
69.3
1,982
3.0

55,501
57.9
53,577
55.9
1,924
3.5

55,100
57.2
53,100
55.1
2,000
3.6

55,404
57.5
53,811
55.8
1,594
2.9

55,447
57.9
53,538
55.9
1,909
3.4

55,197
57.4
53,450
55.6
1,747
3.2

55,420
57.6
53,608
55.7
1,812
3.3

55,534
57.7
53,746
55.8
1,787
3.2

55,351
57.5
53,592
55.6
1,759
3.2

55,297
57.4
53,722
55.7
1,575
2.8

4,407
35.7
3,902
31.6
505
11.5

4,761
38.7
4,239
34.4
522
11.0

4,383
35.6
3,893
31.6
490
11.2

4,602
37.3
4,057
32.9
545
11.8

4,601
37.3
4,068
33.0
533
11.6

4,510
36.6
4,044
32.8
466
10.3

4,572
37.2
4,069
33.1
502
11.0

4,450
36.2
3,949
32.1
501
11.3

4,574
37.2
4,046
32.9
528
11.5

32,333
20,227
62.6
18,842
58.3
1,385
6.8
12,106

32,810
20,452
62.3
19,114
58.3
1,338
6.5
12,358

32,848
20,484
62.4
19,295
58.7
1,189
5.8
12,365

32,333
20,254
62.6
18,838
58.3
1,416
7.0
12,079

32,704
20,296
62.1
19,092
58.4
1,204
5.9
12,408

32,737
20,364
62.2
19,045
58.2
1,319
6.5
12,373

32,771
20,495
62.5
19,144
58.4
1,351
6.6
12,276

32,810
20,404
62.2
19,114
58.3
1,289
6.3
12,406

32,848
20,513
62.4
19,272
58.7
1,240
6.0
12,336

9,315
69.0
8,708
64.5
606
6.5

9,431
68.6
8,884
64.6
546
5.8

9,369
68.0
8,842
64.2
526
5.6

9,294
68.8
8,668
64.2
626
6.7

9,382
68.5
8,792
64.2
590
6.3

9,162
66.8
8,573
62.5
589
6.4

9,320
67.9
8,751
63.7
569
6.1

9,407
68.4
8,841
64.3
566
6.0

9,359
68.0
8,813
64.0
546
5.8

10,153
62.2
9,549
58.5
604
5.9

10,345
62.4
9,690
58.5
655
6.3

10,421
62.8
9,892
59.6
529
5.1

10,166
62.3
9,550
58.5
616
6.1

10,233
62.0
9,754
59.1
479
4.7

10,406
63.0
9,838
59.5
568
5.5

10,426
63.0
9,793
59.2
633
6.1

10,361
62.5
9,766
59.0
595
5.7

10,427
62.9
9,874
59.5
554
5.3

759
30.2
584
23.3
174
23.0

676
27.1
539
21.6
137
20.3

694
27.8
560
22.5
134
19.3

794
31.6
619
24.7
174
22.0

681
27.3
547
21.9
135
19.8

796
31.9
635
25.4
162
20.3

750
30.0
600
24.1
149
19.9

635
25.5
508
20.3
128
20.1

726
29.1
585
23.5
140
19.3

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Sept.
2017
15,483
9,973
64.4
9,619
62.1
353
3.5
5,510

Aug.
2018
16,093
10,279
63.9
9,967
61.9
312
3.0
5,814

Sept.
2018
16,011
10,289
64.3
9,933
62.0
356
3.5
5,722

Sept.
2017
15,483
9,985
64.5
9,626
62.2
359
3.6
5,498

May
2018
15,874
9,932
62.6
9,720
61.2
212
2.1
5,942

June
2018
15,934
10,140
63.6
9,817
61.6
322
3.2
5,794

July
2018
15,922
10,153
63.8
9,838
61.8
314
3.1
5,769

Aug.
2018
16,093
10,259
63.7
9,950
61.8
309
3.0
5,834

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

Sept.
2018
16,011
10,300
64.3
9,938
62.1
362
3.5
5,712

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Sept.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

Sept.
2017

May
2018

June
2018

July
2018

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

41,579
27,599
66.4
26,270
63.2
1,329
4.8
13,980

42,863
28,219
65.8
26,898
62.8
1,322
4.7
14,644

42,959
28,316
65.9
27,105
63.1
1,211
4.3
14,642

41,579
27,609
66.4
26,209
63.0
1,400
5.1
13,970

42,592
28,205
66.2
26,827
63.0
1,378
4.9
14,387

42,679
28,369
66.5
27,077
63.4
1,292
4.6
14,310

42,767
28,495
66.6
27,223
63.7
1,273
4.5
14,272

42,863
28,242
65.9
26,927
62.8
1,315
4.7
14,621

42,959
28,346
66.0
27,059
63.0
1,287
4.5
14,613

15,124
80.8
14,584
77.9
540
3.6

15,428
79.7
14,899
77.0
528
3.4

15,414
79.5
14,888
76.8
526
3.4

15,110
80.7
14,502
77.5
608
4.0

15,444
80.3
14,845
77.2
599
3.9

15,557
80.8
14,961
77.7
596
3.8

15,519
80.4
15,017
77.8
502
3.2

15,421
79.7
14,849
76.7
572
3.7

15,416
79.5
14,822
76.4
594
3.9

11,251
59.2
10,630
55.9
621
5.5

11,513
58.8
10,902
55.7
611
5.3

11,682
59.6
11,175
57.0
507
4.3

11,249
59.2
10,637
56.0
612
5.4

11,507
59.2
10,917
56.2
590
5.1

11,626
59.7
11,065
56.8
561
4.8

11,684
59.8
11,131
57.0
553
4.7

11,593
59.2
11,009
56.3
584
5.0

11,673
59.5
11,172
57.0
501
4.3

1,224
31.7
1,056
27.4
168
13.7

1,279
32.4
1,097
27.8
182
14.2

1,220
30.9
1,042
26.3
179
14.6

1,250
32.4
1,070
27.7
180
14.4

1,254
31.9
1,065
27.1
189
15.1

1,186
30.2
1,051
26.7
135
11.4

1,292
32.8
1,075
27.3
218
16.8

1,228
31.1
1,068
27.1
160
13.0

1,257
31.8
1,065
26.9
192
15.3

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

Sept.
2017

May
2018

June
2018

July
2018

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,611
46.4
9,985
43.7
626
5.9

10,307
46.3
9,790
44.0
516
5.0

10,273
46.4
9,773
44.2
499
4.9

10,552
46.2
9,846
43.1
706
6.7

10,242
45.2
9,688
42.7
554
5.4

10,508
45.9
9,926
43.4
582
5.5

10,212
46.9
9,695
44.5
517
5.1

10,311
46.3
9,728
43.7
583
5.7

10,189
46.0
9,626
43.5
563
5.5

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36,147
57.8
34,676
55.4
1,471
4.1

36,344
57.6
34,919
55.4
1,425
3.9

36,540
58.0
35,268
56.0
1,272
3.5

35,916
57.4
34,377
55.0
1,539
4.3

35,702
57.2
34,306
54.9
1,395
3.9

36,050
57.9
34,549
55.5
1,501
4.2

36,534
57.9
35,056
55.5
1,478
4.0

36,121
57.3
34,699
55.0
1,422
3.9

36,224
57.5
34,873
55.3
1,351
3.7

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37,583
65.9
36,249
63.6
1,333
3.5

36,930
64.9
35,552
62.5
1,378
3.7

37,364
65.2
36,204
63.1
1,160
3.1

37,540
65.9
36,189
63.5
1,351
3.6

37,921
65.7
36,694
63.6
1,228
3.2

37,863
65.3
36,602
63.2
1,261
3.3

37,531
65.4
36,340
63.3
1,191
3.2

37,300
65.6
35,987
63.3
1,313
3.5

37,423
65.3
36,239
63.2
1,184
3.2

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55,711
74.2
54,464
72.6
1,247
2.2

57,237
73.5
55,906
71.8
1,331
2.3

57,279
73.6
56,160
72.2
1,120
2.0

55,621
74.1
54,378
72.5
1,242
2.2

56,739
74.1
55,593
72.6
1,147
2.0

56,613
74.0
55,296
72.2
1,317
2.3

56,940
73.4
55,672
71.8
1,268
2.2

57,638
74.0
56,452
72.5
1,186
2.1

57,258
73.6
56,124
72.1
1,134
2.0

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Sept.
2017

Men
Sept.
2018

Sept.
2017

Women
Sept.
2018

Sept.
2017

Sept.
2018

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,511
10,373
50.6
10,063
49.1
309
3.0
10,138

19,120
9,482
49.6
9,161
47.9
320
3.4
9,638

18,477
9,085
49.2
8,834
47.8
251
2.8
9,392

17,251
8,313
48.2
8,055
46.7
258
3.1
8,938

2,034
1,288
63.3
1,230
60.5
58
4.5
746

1,869
1,169
62.5
1,107
59.2
62
5.3
700

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,119
3,306
80.3
3,176
77.1
131
3.9
813

4,121
3,355
81.4
3,224
78.2
131
3.9
766

3,373
2,769
82.1
2,675
79.3
94
3.4
604

3,389
2,807
82.8
2,709
79.9
98
3.5
582

746
537
72.0
500
67.1
37
6.9
209

733
548
74.8
515
70.3
33
6.0
184

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,389
2,749
81.1
2,679
79.0
71
2.6
640

3,152
2,519
79.9
2,447
77.6
71
2.8
633

2,896
2,361
81.5
2,307
79.6
55
2.3
535

2,682
2,160
80.5
2,110
78.7
50
2.3
522

493
388
78.7
372
75.4
16
4.1
105

469
358
76.4
337
71.9
21
5.9
111

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,992
1,830
22.9
1,784
22.3
46
2.5
6,162

7,537
1,580
21.0
1,521
20.2
60
3.8
5,957

7,703
1,757
22.8
1,711
22.2
46
2.6
5,946

7,280
1,531
21.0
1,472
20.2
60
3.9
5,749

289
73
25.4
73
25.4
0
–
216

257
49
19.0
49
19.0
0
–
208

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,011
2,487
49.6
2,425
48.4
63
2.5
2,524

4,310
2,028
47.0
1,970
45.7
58
2.9
2,282

4,505
2,198
48.8
2,140
47.5
57
2.6
2,307

3,900
1,814
46.5
1,765
45.2
49
2.7
2,086

506
290
57.3
284
56.2
5
1.9
216

410
213
52.1
205
50.0
8
4.0
197

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

225,860
148,380
65.7
142,394
63.0
5,986
4.0
77,480

230,212
150,416
65.3
145,204
63.1
5,212
3.5
79,796

100,353
75,362
75.1
72,353
72.1
3,009
4.0
24,991

103,100
76,597
74.3
73,960
71.7
2,637
3.4
26,503

125,507
73,018
58.2
70,041
55.8
2,977
4.1
52,489

127,112
73,819
58.1
71,244
56.0
2,575
3.5
53,293

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Sept.
2017

Sept.
2018

Persons with no disability
Sept.
2017

Sept.
2018

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

30,635
6,481
21.2
5,994
19.6
487
7.5
24,154

30,254
6,489
21.4
6,018
19.9
470
7.3
23,765

224,927
154,568
68.7
148,499
66.0
6,068
3.9
70,359

228,036
155,469
68.2
150,173
65.9
5,296
3.4
72,567

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,866
35.8
2,645
33.0
221
7.7
5,144

2,793
36.4
2,589
33.7
204
7.3
4,882

77,168
82.8
74,141
79.5
3,027
3.9
16,044

77,334
82.2
74,717
79.4
2,617
3.4
16,772

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,356
30.4
2,153
27.8
203
8.6
5,393

2,488
31.8
2,275
29.1
213
8.6
5,335

68,889
71.2
66,094
68.3
2,794
4.1
27,830

69,058
71.2
66,677
68.7
2,381
3.4
27,989

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,260
8.5
1,197
8.0
63
5.0
13,617

1,208
8.2
1,154
7.8
54
4.4
13,547

8,512
24.3
8,264
23.6
247
2.9
26,485

9,077
24.6
8,779
23.8
298
3.3
27,806

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Sept.
2017

Men
Sept.
2018

Sept.
2017

Women
Sept.
2018

Sept.
2017

Sept.
2018

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

41,642
27,846
66.9
26,754
64.2
1,092
3.9
13,796

43,112
28,315
65.7
27,471
63.7
844
3.0
14,796

20,308
16,058
79.1
15,529
76.5
529
3.3
4,250

20,929
16,168
77.3
15,776
75.4
393
2.4
4,761

21,334
11,788
55.3
11,225
52.6
563
4.8
9,546

22,183
12,147
54.8
11,696
52.7
451
3.7
10,035

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

213,920
133,203
62.3
127,739
59.7
5,464
4.1
80,717

215,178
133,642
62.1
128,720
59.8
4,922
3.7
81,536

103,207
69,458
67.3
66,590
64.5
2,868
4.1
33,749

103,999
69,647
67.0
67,038
64.5
2,609
3.7
34,352

110,713
63,745
57.6
61,149
55.2
2,596
4.1
46,968

111,179
63,995
57.6
61,682
55.5
2,313
3.6
47,184

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

Sept.
2017

May
2018

June
2018

July
2018

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

2,367
1,616
732
19
152,126
143,214
20,873
122,341
583
121,758
8,871
42

2,465
1,660
789
17
153,074
144,183
20,218
123,965
782
123,183
8,812
79

2,555
1,726
806
23
153,636
144,570
20,674
123,896
741
123,154
8,970
96

2,311
1,554
745
–
151,942
142,959
20,908
122,055
–
121,423
8,861
–

2,345
1,573
742
–
153,211
144,124
21,045
123,090
–
122,319
9,013
–

2,350
1,567
736
–
153,309
144,524
20,986
123,478
–
122,757
8,728
–

2,498
1,658
783
–
153,473
144,447
20,900
123,541
–
122,772
8,880
–

2,345
1,528
772
–
153,262
144,276
20,791
123,513
–
122,749
8,861
–

2,474
1,640
812
–
153,474
144,389
20,743
123,634
–
122,842
8,959
–

4,818
2,908
1,702
21,001

4,319
2,521
1,268
19,991

4,306
2,606
1,464
21,475

5,148
3,098
1,725
20,951

4,948
3,004
1,480
21,095

4,743
3,042
1,447
21,304

4,567
2,877
1,431
21,532

4,379
2,551
1,365
21,781

4,642
2,782
1,447
21,464

4,740
2,864
1,682
20,677

4,263
2,492
1,263
19,653

4,238
2,572
1,459
21,077

5,048
3,054
1,702
20,619

4,872
2,948
1,464
20,766

4,662
3,004
1,431
20,941

4,482
2,836
1,415
21,177

4,311
2,522
1,355
21,448

4,547
2,752
1,441
21,057

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

Sept.
2017

May
2018

June
2018

July
2018

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

154,494
5,011
2,036
2,975
149,482
14,108
135,375
99,686
34,793
32,232
32,661
35,688

155,539
5,250
1,971
3,280
150,289
14,122
136,167
99,902
35,200
32,568
32,134
36,265

156,191
4,876
1,826
3,050
151,315
13,910
137,405
100,763
35,658
32,661
32,444
36,642

154,324
5,238
1,972
3,206
149,085
14,211
134,845
99,235
34,652
32,045
32,538
35,610

155,474
5,068
1,771
3,285
150,406
14,069
136,373
100,105
35,221
32,492
32,392
36,268

155,576
5,144
1,797
3,344
150,432
14,046
136,422
100,204
35,288
32,566
32,350
36,218

155,965
5,127
1,815
3,315
150,838
14,128
136,762
100,417
35,444
32,690
32,283
36,346

155,542
4,879
1,770
3,110
150,663
13,841
136,749
100,276
35,316
32,636
32,324
36,473

155,962
5,081
1,766
3,293
150,881
14,026
136,856
100,316
35,500
32,489
32,327
36,540

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

82,119
2,457
932
1,525
79,662
7,263
72,398
53,247
18,684
17,361
17,202
19,152

83,062
2,653
935
1,718
80,409
7,227
73,182
53,638
19,020
17,692
16,927
19,543

82,814
2,356
799
1,557
80,458
7,107
73,351
53,808
19,199
17,594
17,015
19,542

81,902
2,509
899
1,600
79,393
7,313
72,028
52,980
18,605
17,262
17,114
19,048

82,784
2,455
849
1,610
80,329
7,205
73,131
53,728
18,992
17,634
17,101
19,403

82,522
2,509
855
1,644
80,013
7,191
72,869
53,588
19,006
17,598
16,984
19,281

82,684
2,444
814
1,629
80,240
7,149
73,126
53,673
19,054
17,691
16,928
19,453

82,545
2,410
812
1,598
80,134
6,990
73,106
53,599
19,007
17,642
16,950
19,507

82,645
2,420
782
1,637
80,225
7,162
73,020
53,569
19,121
17,509
16,939
19,451

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72,375
2,554
1,104
1,450
69,820
6,844
62,976
46,440
16,110
14,871
15,460
16,536

72,477
2,597
1,036
1,561
69,880
6,895
62,985
46,264
16,180
14,876
15,207
16,722

73,378
2,520
1,027
1,493
70,858
6,803
64,055
46,954
16,459
15,067
15,428
17,100

72,422
2,729
1,073
1,606
69,692
6,898
62,817
46,255
16,047
14,784
15,425
16,562

72,690
2,613
922
1,675
70,077
6,864
63,243
46,377
16,229
14,858
15,291
16,865

73,054
2,635
942
1,700
70,419
6,855
63,553
46,616
16,282
14,969
15,366
16,937

73,281
2,683
1,001
1,687
70,598
6,979
63,636
46,744
16,390
14,998
15,355
16,892

72,997
2,468
958
1,512
70,529
6,851
63,643
46,677
16,309
14,994
15,374
16,966

73,317
2,661
983
1,656
70,656
6,864
63,836
46,747
16,379
14,979
15,388
17,089

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45,846
35,696
9,673

45,882
35,542
9,806

46,205
36,090
9,887

45,594
35,591
–

46,041
35,978
–

45,689
35,976
–

45,751
35,986
–

45,858
36,070
–

45,966
35,984
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

127,235
27,259

129,975
25,564

129,466
26,726

126,676
27,603

128,657
26,883

128,568
27,028

129,021
26,992

128,577
26,913

128,894
27,055

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,359
4.8

7,540
4.8

7,670
4.9

7,350
4.8

7,442
4.8

7,619
4.9

8,072
5.2

7,944
5.1

7,707
4.9

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,974
9,602

5,768
9,601

5,840
9,776

–
9,605

–
9,755

–
9,464

–
9,663

–
9,633

–
9,771

1

Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Sept.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

Sept.
2017

May
2018

June
2018

July
2018

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,759
786
319
472
5,973
1,162
4,842
3,648
1,578
1,042
1,027
1,174

6,234
714
274
430
5,520
1,012
4,483
3,337
1,510
972
855
1,155

5,964
743
282
446
5,221
1,036
4,210
3,149
1,299
969
882
1,056

4.2
13.0
13.9
12.8
3.9
7.6
3.5
3.5
4.4
3.2
3.1
3.2

3.8
12.8
14.8
12.2
3.4
7.1
3.0
3.1
3.8
2.8
2.7
2.8

4.0
12.6
14.4
11.4
3.7
7.4
3.3
3.3
3.9
3.1
3.0
3.1

3.9
13.1
13.6
12.5
3.5
6.9
3.2
3.2
3.5
3.1
2.9
3.1

3.9
12.8
13.4
12.2
3.5
6.8
3.2
3.2
4.1
2.9
2.6
3.1

3.7
12.8
13.8
11.9
3.3
6.9
3.0
3.0
3.5
2.9
2.7
2.8

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,617
449
166
287
3,168
693
2,499
1,887
836
514
537
613

3,309
414
150
262
2,895
570
2,317
1,717
821
470
426
600

3,211
373
134
241
2,837
575
2,281
1,707
704
539
464
574

4.2
15.2
15.6
15.2
3.8
8.7
3.4
3.4
4.3
2.9
3.0
3.1

3.9
16.0
18.0
15.1
3.5
7.9
3.1
3.1
3.8
2.7
2.8
3.0

4.1
14.7
16.5
13.2
3.7
8.2
3.2
3.2
3.8
2.9
3.0
3.2

3.8
15.5
16.1
14.5
3.4
7.4
3.0
3.0
3.5
2.6
2.8
3.1

3.9
14.7
15.6
14.1
3.5
7.5
3.1
3.1
4.1
2.6
2.4
3.0

3.7
13.4
14.6
12.8
3.4
7.4
3.0
3.1
3.6
3.0
2.7
2.9

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,142
337
153
185
2,804
468
2,343
1,761
742
529
490
576

2,925
300
125
168
2,625
442
2,166
1,620
689
502
430
539

2,753
370
148
205
2,383
461
1,930
1,442
595
430
418
500

4.2
11.0
12.5
10.3
3.9
6.4
3.6
3.7
4.4
3.5
3.1
3.4

3.6
9.6
11.6
9.2
3.3
6.2
3.0
3.2
3.9
3.0
2.6
2.7

4.0
10.5
12.4
9.5
3.7
6.6
3.4
3.4
4.0
3.3
2.9
3.0

3.9
10.9
11.4
10.5
3.7
6.3
3.4
3.4
3.6
3.6
3.0
3.0

3.9
10.8
11.5
10.0
3.6
6.1
3.3
3.4
4.1
3.2
2.7
3.1

3.6
12.2
13.1
11.0
3.3
6.3
2.9
3.0
3.5
2.8
2.6
2.8

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,050
922
672

931
931
556

898
780
529

2.3
2.5
6.5

1.9
2.3
4.7

2.1
2.5
5.5

2.0
2.5
5.6

2.0
2.5
5.4

1.9
2.1
5.1

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,504
1,231

4,993
1,196

4,662
1,267

4.2
4.3

3.7
4.2

4.0
4.3

3.8
4.4

3.7
4.3

3.5
4.5

1

Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Sept.
2017

Aug.
2018

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2018

Sept.
2017

May
2018

June
2018

July
2018

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

2,992
568
2,424
1,742
682
805
2,127
631

2,885
893
1,992
1,337
655
967
1,869
649

2,474
507
1,967
1,238
729
794
1,939
559

3,316
891
2,425
1,728
697
737
2,068
663

2,854
803
2,052
1,439
612
852
1,882
571

3,065
906
2,159
1,486
673
811
2,086
578

3,017
890
2,127
1,455
672
844
1,799
591

2,875
872
2,003
1,345
658
862
1,846
584

2,796
820
1,975
1,248
727
730
1,877
586

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

45.6
8.7
37.0
12.3
32.4
9.6

45.3
14.0
31.3
15.2
29.3
10.2

42.9
8.8
34.1
13.8
33.6
9.7

48.9
13.1
35.8
10.9
30.5
9.8

46.3
13.0
33.3
13.8
30.6
9.3

46.9
13.9
33.0
12.4
31.9
8.8

48.3
14.2
34.0
13.5
28.8
9.5

46.6
14.1
32.5
14.0
29.9
9.5

46.7
13.7
33.0
12.2
31.3
9.8

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

1.9
0.5
1.3
0.4

1.8
0.6
1.2
0.4

1.5
0.5
1.2
0.3

2.1
0.5
1.3
0.4

1.8
0.5
1.2
0.4

1.9
0.5
1.3
0.4

1.9
0.5
1.1
0.4

1.8
0.5
1.1
0.4

1.7
0.5
1.2
0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Sept.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2017

May
2018

June
2018

July
2018

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,227
1,740
2,589
889
1,700

2,183
2,037
2,149
809
1,341

2,043
1,566
2,157
790
1,366

2,223
1,879
2,695
962
1,733

2,034
1,945
2,166
977
1,189

2,227
1,882
2,314
836
1,478

2,091
1,820
2,406
971
1,435

2,208
1,720
2,255
923
1,332

2,065
1,720
2,245
861
1,384

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

26.9
10.3

22.2
9.0

24.7
9.4

26.6
10.1

21.3
9.2

21.2
8.9

23.2
9.5

22.6
9.1

24.0
9.2

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

34.0
26.5
39.5
13.6
25.9

34.3
32.0
33.7
12.7
21.0

35.4
27.2
37.4
13.7
23.7

32.7
27.6
39.7
14.2
25.5

33.1
31.7
35.2
15.9
19.4

34.7
29.3
36.0
13.0
23.0

33.1
28.8
38.1
15.4
22.7

35.7
27.8
36.5
14.9
21.5

34.3
28.5
37.2
14.3
22.9

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployment
rates

Unemployed

Sept.
2017

Sept.
2018

Sept.
2017

Sept.
2018

Sept.
2017

Sept.
2018

154,494
60,990

156,191
62,181

6,556
1,463

5,766
1,299

4.1
2.3

3.6
2.0

25,309
35,681
27,429
33,697
15,798
17,899

26,068
36,112
26,606
33,510
15,609
17,901

636
827
1,414
1,415
605
810

554
745
1,207
1,257
656
600

2.5
2.3
4.9
4.0
3.7
4.3

2.1
2.0
4.3
3.6
4.0
3.2

14,110
1,155
8,010
4,945

14,855
1,180
8,570
5,105

746
105
470
171

582
52
434
95

5.0
8.3
5.5
3.4

3.8
4.2
4.8
1.8

18,268
8,282
9,986

19,039
8,639
10,400

873
405
468

847
346
501

4.6
4.7
4.5

4.3
3.9
4.6

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Sept.
2017

Sept.
2018

Sept.
2017

Sept.
2018

6,556
5,063
24
433
587
365
221
843
282
141
240
723
804
708
280
111
438
312

5,766
4,468
13
412
547
305
242
810
189
62
271
557
666
722
219
71
416
251

4.1
4.0
3.0
4.7
3.8
3.8
3.9
4.1
4.1
5.1
2.5
4.1
3.4
5.0
4.2
6.7
2.1
3.1

3.6
3.5
1.7
4.1
3.5
3.1
4.3
4.0
2.6
2.3
2.7
3.2
2.8
5.4
3.3
4.1
2.0
2.5

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

Sept.
2017

May
2018

June
2018

July
2018

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

1.6

1.3

1.3

1.7

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.9

1.8

1.5

2.1

1.8

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.7

4.1

3.9

3.6

4.2

3.8

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.7

4.3

4.2

3.8

4.4

4.0

4.3

4.2

4.1

3.9

5.0

4.8

4.5

5.1

4.6

4.9

4.8

4.7

4.6

8.0

7.4

7.1

8.3

7.6

7.8

7.5

7.4

7.5

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Sept.
2017

Men
Sept.
2018

Sept.
2017

Women
Sept.
2018

Sept.
2017

Sept.
2018

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

94,513
5,415
1,569
421
1,148

96,332
5,070
1,577
383
1,194

37,999
2,494
798
275
522

39,113
2,381
832
223
608

56,514
2,922
772
146
625

57,220
2,689
745
160
585

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,359
4.8
4,053
2,040
305
923

7,670
4.9
4,200
2,050
331
1,044

3,699
4.5
2,236
753
190
502

3,736
4.5
2,253
736
201
519

3,660
5.1
1,816
1,287
115
421

3,934
5.4
1,946
1,315
130
525

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018p

Sept.
2018p

Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018p

Sept.
2018p

147,177
124,904
20,382

148,897
127,807
21,053

149,391
127,981
21,107

149,741
127,363
21,023

146,963
124,626
20,130

149,096
126,719
20,701

149,366
126,973
20,738

149,500
127,094
20,784

Change
from:
Aug.2018 Sept.2018p
134
121
46

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

696
50.0
646.3
147.1
188.8
52.9
38.6

751
49.9
700.7
154.7
193.7
53.0
39.8

763
49.5
713.1
155.7
195.3
53.2
39.6

759
48.7
710.7
152.6
193.2
52.8
39.0

690
48.7
641.0
146.9
186.1
52.8
38.7

740
48.4
691.2
152.6
189.5
53.0
39.2

746
48.0
698.2
152.8
190.0
52.9
39.0

751
47.4
703.3
152.3
189.6
52.6
38.8

5
-0.6
5.1
-0.5
-0.4
-0.3
-0.2

97.3
310.4

100.9
352.3

102.5
362.1

101.4
364.9

94.6
308.0

97.3
349.1

98.0
355.4

98.2
361.4

0.2
6.0

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

7,177
1,571.1
758.6
812.5
1,057.1
4,548.5
1,999.4
2,549.1

7,496
1,653.4
819.9
833.5
1,084.9
4,757.8
2,091.6
2,666.2

7,525
1,655.7
821.1
834.6
1,090.6
4,778.2
2,102.7
2,675.5

7,477
1,639.9
811.3
828.6
1,094.7
4,742.3
2,078.5
2,663.8

6,971
1,535.1
741.5
793.6
990.4
4,445.0
1,954.3
2,490.7

7,237
1,608.3
796.4
811.9
1,018.8
4,610.1
2,022.6
2,587.5

7,263
1,616.6
801.0
815.6
1,021.5
4,625.3
2,030.0
2,595.3

7,286
1,617.0
799.2
817.8
1,028.6
4,640.8
2,036.2
2,604.6

23
0.4
-1.8
2.2
7.1
15.5
6.2
9.3

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,509

12,806

12,819

12,787

12,469

12,724

12,729

12,747

7,760
394.7
416.8
373.3
1,439.2
1,082.7
1,044.7
161.8
86.7

7,986
409.8
426.6
381.2
1,498.7
1,136.4
1,075.5
170.7
86.0

7,994
407.6
426.2
382.3
1,499.0
1,132.3
1,073.1
170.7
85.1

7,980
405.6
425.2
381.8
1,496.8
1,128.1
1,069.3
171.2
84.9

7,755
395.6
410.8
373.5
1,439.6
1,083.7
1,045.2
161.3
86.9

7,959
405.9
419.3
381.2
1,491.7
1,129.1
1,069.3
170.1
85.5

7,964
405.6
418.8
382.1
1,495.9
1,128.1
1,068.5
169.4
85.1

7,981
406.9
421.5
382.3
1,499.6
1,129.8
1,070.6
171.0
85.0

17
1.3
2.7
0.2
3.7
1.7
2.1
1.6
-0.1

362.0
400.2

373.5
413.0

371.7
413.0

369.7
410.6

362.9
400.2

370.9
410.6

370.3
411.4

370.5
411.5

0.2
0.1

34.0
389.6
1,636.7
954.9
391.7

32.3
408.7
1,653.2
942.9
394.2

32.6
408.4
1,671.3
961.4
393.0

32.9
408.6
1,674.4
962.3
391.1

33.9
389.8
1,632.9
952.1
392.8

32.2
405.9
1,666.0
959.0
391.7

32.4
407.0
1,668.6
960.6
389.7

32.7
408.4
1,669.8
960.2
391.6

0.3
1.4
1.2
-0.4
1.9

590.2

601.4

601.1

599.1

590.7

599.0

599.8

600.0

0.2

4,749
1,638.8
112.7
114.2
116.8
368.6
438.9
117.7
822.0
719.4

4,820
1,671.3
111.7
111.4
113.6
377.5
434.9
120.5
836.3
731.2

4,825
1,675.9
112.6
112.0
113.4
377.9
434.0
120.8
838.1
727.9

4,807
1,667.9
111.7
111.2
112.2
375.8
432.3
120.1
837.2
727.4

4,714
1,613.0
113.0
113.7
116.0
368.9
439.4
115.7
823.4
719.6

4,765
1,640.0
111.7
110.8
114.4
375.5
433.4
117.0
831.5
727.6

4,765
1,636.7
112.4
110.8
113.5
376.6
432.7
117.2
835.3
726.3

4,766
1,639.3
111.6
110.7
111.7
376.9
432.4
117.2
837.7
726.7

1
2.6
-0.8
-0.1
-1.8
0.3
-0.3
0.0
2.4
0.4

299.9

312.0

312.3

311.6

291.7

303.3

303.5

302.2

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

104,522

106,754

106,874

106,340

104,496

106,018

106,235

106,310

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27,402

27,770

27,797

27,729

27,525

27,782

27,837

27,845

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

18

5,916.7
2,976.1
2,048.4

6,012.3
3,033.7
2,060.3

6,029.5
3,046.9
2,062.2

6,010.7
3,039.9
2,054.3

5,915.8
2,976.0
2,046.3

5,984.2
3,020.2
2,050.2

6,005.5
3,035.2
2,055.0

6,009.9
3,041.5
2,051.6

-1.3
75
8
4.4
6.3
-3.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018p

Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2018p

Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018p

Sept.
2018p

Change
from:
Aug.2018 Sept.2018p

Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

892.2

918.3

920.4

916.5

893.5

913.8

915.3

916.8

1.5

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores, including
warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,720.2
2,013.5
1,298.6
155.9
559.0
470.0
495.0

15,944.8
2,049.6
1,313.4
164.6
571.6
477.5
491.1

15,928.6
2,047.8
1,314.6
163.2
570.0
477.7
490.8

15,782.8
2,043.2
1,314.7
158.5
570.0
477.1
487.3

15,853.3
2,009.4
1,298.2
153.3
558.0
476.0
502.5

15,917.3
2,033.2
1,308.7
155.4
569.1
483.4
496.9

15,928.8
2,035.4
1,310.7
156.0
568.8
482.3
494.5

15,908.8
2,036.2
1,311.4
156.5
568.3
483.8
491.4

-20.0
0.8
0.7
0.5
-0.5
1.5
-3.1

1,261.7
3,072.3
1,050.5
937.4
1,325.9

1,346.4
3,122.5
1,047.2
950.2
1,377.6

1,305.6
3,118.9
1,048.4
950.2
1,367.8

1,276.0
3,092.1
1,044.7
944.7
1,326.4

1,282.8
3,077.6
1,059.0
931.4
1,361.8

1,309.5
3,097.2
1,052.7
938.7
1,380.1

1,305.9
3,100.3
1,055.9
939.1
1,359.2

1,301.4
3,098.2
1,055.2
941.9
1,355.3

-4.5
-2.1
-0.7
2.8
-3.9

592.4
3,099.3
1,149.3

550.9
3,098.7
1,148.6

557.3
3,131.1
1,162.4

554.7
3,113.2
1,155.6

604.1
3,146.5
1,183.4

564.3
3,135.1
1,174.3

572.1
3,153.2
1,180.7

569.5
3,149.2
1,180.4

-2.6
-4.0
-0.3

1,950.0
830.0
572.2

1,950.1
840.7
592.4

1,968.7
838.5
594.5

1,957.6
828.1
595.3

1,963.1
826.7
575.5

1,960.8
828.4
597.8

1,972.5
830.7
600.2

1,968.9
825.3
601.4

-3.6
-5.4
1.2

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,211.4
496.3
213.7
66.8
1,469.2

5,257.2
508.8
214.6
68.3
1,492.9

5,285.7
508.4
215.6
68.1
1,504.8

5,385.7
505.8
215.6
65.6
1,505.4

5,201.7
496.1
212.8
66.0
1,454.8

5,330.4
504.4
214.1
65.2
1,477.1

5,351.7
504.8
214.6
65.1
1,483.0

5,375.5
505.3
215.5
64.4
1,487.9

23.8
0.5
0.9
-0.7
4.9

512.3
47.5
42.0
696.7
671.8
995.1

430.7
47.3
46.1
712.2
708.5
1,027.8

430.9
46.9
45.6
716.4
715.2
1,033.8

513.5
46.9
40.9
714.8
729.1
1,048.1

501.0
47.7
35.3
694.2
696.4
997.4

491.6
47.2
34.9
711.0
747.9
1,037.0

495.3
46.8
35.3
713.9
751.5
1,041.4

500.7
46.8
34.7
713.8
756.6
1,049.8

5.4
0.0
-0.6
-0.1
5.1
8.4

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

553.3

555.2

553.1

549.8

554.2

550.3

550.9

551.0

0.1

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,778
719.0

2,786
717.8

2,788
718.3

2,763
717.4

2,784
719.3

2,770
714.6

2,767
714.7

2,767
715.1

0
0.4

411.5
264.6
781.6

422.8
261.1
758.7

427.3
262.5
754.4

406.0
266.2
751.8

420.8
264.3
778.1

413.9
263.0
757.4

413.2
263.5
754.5

412.9
264.3
751.5

-0.3
0.8
-3.0

318.3
283.0

328.1
297.2

326.5
298.7

326.6
294.9

318.6
283.3

326.7
294.1

325.9
295.0

327.5
295.4

1.6
0.4

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,490
6,282.0
18.9

8,662
6,361.2
19.5

8,656
6,355.0
19.4

8,608
6,324.6
19.1

8,485
6,289.8
19.0

8,578
6,326.9
19.2

8,590
6,333.0
19.3

8,603
6,333.4
19.3

13
0.4
0.0

2,649.1
1,708.4
1,317.7
626.3
314.4

2,683.4
1,731.6
1,330.3
635.7
316.1

2,676.4
1,726.3
1,325.1
636.6
313.5

2,662.0
1,713.4
1,314.5
634.8
313.8

2,653.9
1,714.3
1,321.6
626.6
313.0

2,666.9
1,720.4
1,322.8
632.8
313.6

2,665.8
1,719.2
1,320.2
633.5
313.1

2,666.1
1,719.4
1,320.0
632.4
314.2

0.3
0.2
-0.2
-1.1
1.1

946.9
2,667.1
2,207.8
1,602.2
581.6

975.0
2,683.3
2,300.4
1,658.1
616.3

977.7
2,681.5
2,300.7
1,658.7
616.3

967.0
2,676.5
2,283.2
1,646.6
611.5

945.9
2,671.0
2,195.6
1,599.5
571.9

964.7
2,676.1
2,250.9
1,632.7
593.0

969.4
2,678.5
2,256.7
1,634.8
596.7

968.2
2,679.8
2,269.6
1,642.5
602.0

-1.2
1.3
12.9
7.7
5.3

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018p

Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2018p

Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018p

Sept.
2018p

Change
from:
Aug.2018 Sept.2018p

Real estate and rental and leasing Continued
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

24.0

26.0

25.7

25.1

24.2

25.2

25.2

25.1

-0.1

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,629
8,958.9
1,132.3
929.9
1,444.3
136.4

21,135
9,264.4
1,148.2
955.5
1,503.9
137.8

21,223
9,274.4
1,137.7
960.1
1,507.0
139.2

21,201
9,216.7
1,132.2
953.2
1,489.3
140.3

20,570
9,045.8
1,136.4
998.8
1,443.8
137.7

21,011
9,248.0
1,137.8
1,010.0
1,480.1
137.1

21,076
9,278.5
1,136.7
1,013.3
1,486.2
139.3

21,130
9,297.4
1,138.1
1,013.1
1,484.8
140.4

54
18.9
1.4
-0.2
-1.4
1.1

2,043.4

2,126.2

2,127.5

2,109.9

2,053.0

2,112.4

2,117.5

2,122.3

4.8

1,408.5

1,458.5

1,467.2

1,465.6

1,409.5

1,451.7

1,461.7

1,468.3

6.6

659.9
488.2
716.0
2,298.4
9,371.9
8,956.3
514.6
154.9
3,706.8
3,033.8
902.5

693.7
498.1
742.5
2,346.3
9,524.5
9,084.8
526.0
156.5
3,693.1
2,998.1
894.7

689.4
500.7
745.6
2,347.0
9,601.2
9,163.2
528.0
158.5
3,763.0
3,065.9
899.7

682.0
498.5
745.7
2,333.8
9,650.0
9,213.7
530.2
158.8
3,827.4
3,128.2
906.3

663.7
489.0
713.9
2,298.6
9,225.1
8,811.9
515.4
154.3
3,634.1
2,972.2
906.2

682.9
496.0
740.0
2,330.7
9,432.7
9,001.9
525.7
156.8
3,728.0
3,036.5
909.3

682.9
499.2
741.8
2,336.1
9,461.2
9,029.4
528.2
157.4
3,739.2
3,048.9
911.1

684.2
500.3
746.0
2,339.0
9,493.1
9,059.4
530.2
157.3
3,756.9
3,059.5
908.9

1.3
1.1
4.2
2.9
31.9
30.0
2.0
-0.1
17.7
10.6
-2.2

216.8
927.7
2,204.5
328.5

219.1
942.9
2,313.1
339.4

219.1
948.6
2,306.0
340.3

218.6
955.2
2,274.7
342.5

216.8
921.1
2,137.1
326.9

216.0
943.8
2,184.7
337.5

216.7
944.9
2,194.3
337.8

217.5
946.7
2,201.0
340.9

0.8
1.8
6.7
3.1

415.6

439.7

438.0

436.3

413.2

430.8

431.8

433.7

1.9

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23,221
3,668.4
19,552.9
15,782.9
7,334.1
2,602.5
930.3
893.1
905.7
270.4
1,424.5

23,320
3,422.8
19,897.1
16,055.8
7,499.9
2,640.3
947.5
929.7
934.5
282.8
1,457.4

23,422
3,452.4
19,969.3
16,094.0
7,524.9
2,642.0
954.2
936.3
937.5
282.2
1,467.0

23,668
3,704.0
19,964.1
16,081.0
7,512.9
2,640.3
949.5
929.2
935.0
284.4
1,467.6

23,297
3,706.8
19,590.0
15,791.3
7,345.7
2,604.4
934.4
896.6
906.8
271.2
1,424.7

23,674
3,750.8
19,923.4
16,035.6
7,496.5
2,637.7
946.6
929.1
933.3
282.3
1,459.7

23,732
3,766.4
19,965.8
16,067.1
7,514.4
2,641.9
949.0
932.2
936.4
282.5
1,465.0

23,750
3,754.4
19,995.6
16,092.8
7,524.7
2,646.0
948.5
934.2
937.4
283.8
1,467.2

18
-12.0
29.8
25.7
10.3
4.1
-0.5
2.0
1.0
1.3
2.2

307.6
5,104.5
3,344.3
1,621.6
628.9

307.7
5,187.5
3,368.4
1,613.3
636.3

305.7
5,194.4
3,374.7
1,617.2
638.7

306.9
5,205.0
3,363.1
1,613.1
636.1

307.7
5,100.2
3,345.4
1,620.3
629.3

307.9
5,182.1
3,357.0
1,609.7
634.2

307.5
5,190.9
3,361.8
1,611.6
637.1

307.6
5,202.9
3,365.2
1,611.8
637.8

0.1
12.0
3.4
0.2
0.7

925.7
168.1
3,770.0
2,329.6
167.6
342.3
930.5

945.3
173.5
3,841.3
2,444.5
172.4
353.2
871.2

945.0
173.8
3,875.3
2,441.0
175.0
351.7
907.6

940.1
173.8
3,883.1
2,433.5
174.4
345.5
929.7

927.5
168.4
3,798.7
2,348.9
168.6
343.6
937.6

941.8
171.3
3,887.8
2,436.6
172.6
346.5
932.1

940.8
172.4
3,898.7
2,440.7
174.5
346.7
936.8

941.9
173.8
3,902.8
2,448.6
174.8
346.1
933.3

1.1
1.4
4.1
7.9
0.3
-0.6
-3.5

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,227
2,377.5
516.1

17,144
2,715.4
518.0

17,076
2,649.7
513.2

16,509
2,393.7
504.0

16,046
2,321.7
492.8

16,338
2,347.1
487.5

16,359
2,344.8
483.8

16,342
2,351.1
491.3

-17
6.3
7.5

170.1

192.8

186.5

176.9

168.1

173.6

173.5

174.3

0.8

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018p

Sept.
2018p

Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018p

Sept.
2018p

Change
from:
Aug.2018 Sept.2018p

Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

1,691.3
13,849.8
2,045.4
11,804.4

2,004.6
14,428.1
2,197.8
12,230.3

1,950.0
14,426.5
2,183.5
12,243.0

1,712.8
14,115.4
2,078.9
12,036.5

1,660.8
13,723.8
2,007.3
11,716.5

1,686.0
13,991.3
2,037.1
11,954.2

1,687.5
14,013.8
2,041.2
11,972.6

1,685.5
13,990.9
2,036.5
11,954.4

-2.0
-22.9
-4.7
-18.2

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,775
1,307.3
1,487.3
2,980.4

5,937
1,325.8
1,534.5
3,076.2

5,912
1,324.5
1,536.7
3,051.2

5,862
1,326.4
1,533.4
3,001.7

5,789
1,308.4
1,488.7
2,992.0

5,865
1,320.3
1,523.9
3,020.8

5,874
1,323.8
1,529.6
3,020.4

5,873
1,325.4
1,533.8
3,013.5

-1
1.6
4.2
-6.9

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

22,273
2,809.0
2,196.7
612.0
5,174.0
2,502.2
2,671.9
14,290.0
7,837.2
6,452.8

21,090
2,811.0
2,205.8
605.0
4,800.0
2,116.1
2,683.4
13,479.0
6,751.5
6,727.7

21,410
2,804.0
2,200.5
603.6
4,865.0
2,183.1
2,682.1
13,741.0
7,069.5
6,671.5

22,378
2,799.0
2,194.2
604.4
5,211.0
2,543.7
2,667.1
14,368.0
7,898.2
6,469.9

22,337
2,803.0
2,188.7
614.6
5,140.0
2,465.5
2,674.4
14,394.0
7,939.5
6,454.1

22,377
2,796.0
2,189.3
606.4
5,134.0
2,467.4
2,666.3
14,447.0
7,963.8
6,483.2

22,393
2,795.0
2,188.5
606.6
5,142.0
2,476.9
2,664.9
14,456.0
7,970.0
6,485.7

22,406
2,794.0
2,188.2
606.0
5,164.0
2,498.1
2,666.3
14,448.0
7,969.0
6,479.4

13
-1.0
-0.3
-0.6
22.0
21.2
1.4
-8.0
-1.0
-6.3

Industry

Arts, entertainment, and recreation Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018p

Sept.
2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.3
40.2
45.3
38.9
40.7
41.2
39.9
33.2
34.4
39.1
30.9
38.6
42.5
36.3
37.5
36.0
32.8
26.0
31.6

34.5
40.6
46.0
39.4
41.0
41.4
40.3
33.4
34.5
39.0
31.1
39.0
41.8
36.1
37.5
36.2
33.0
26.1
31.8

34.5
40.5
46.0
39.2
40.9
41.3
40.3
33.3
34.5
39.0
31.0
38.9
41.9
36.2
37.6
36.1
33.0
26.1
31.9

34.5
40.3
45.8
38.9
40.8
41.2
40.2
33.3
34.4
38.9
31.0
38.9
41.9
36.4
37.5
36.1
33.0
26.0
31.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.4
3.4
3.4

3.5
3.5
3.5

3.5
3.5
3.5

3.4
3.5
3.3

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018p

Sept.
2018p

Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018p

Sept.
2018p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$26.51
27.77
32.07
29.26
26.71
27.98
24.54
26.22
22.92
30.23
18.24
24.00
39.41
38.46
33.48
31.82
26.52
15.61
24.09

$27.07
28.22
32.62
29.92
27.01
28.37
24.67
26.79
23.36
30.56
18.73
24.35
40.86
39.55
34.82
32.48
27.01
15.98
24.39

$27.16
28.29
32.73
30.00
27.07
28.44
24.71
26.89
23.48
30.71
18.83
24.44
40.77
39.79
34.95
32.64
27.03
16.03
24.40

$27.24
28.36
32.96
30.18
27.07
28.45
24.71
26.97
23.55
30.88
18.87
24.46
41.06
40.27
35.03
32.69
27.07
16.06
24.48

$909.29
1,116.35
1,452.77
1,138.21
1,087.10
1,152.78
979.15
870.50
788.45
1,181.99
563.62
926.40
1,674.93
1,396.10
1,255.50
1,145.52
869.86
405.86
761.24

$933.92
1,145.73
1,500.52
1,178.85
1,107.41
1,174.52
994.20
894.79
805.92
1,191.84
582.50
949.65
1,707.95
1,427.76
1,305.75
1,175.78
891.33
417.08
775.60

$937.02
1,145.75
1,505.58
1,176.00
1,107.16
1,174.57
995.81
895.44
810.06
1,197.69
583.73
950.72
1,708.26
1,440.40
1,314.12
1,178.30
891.99
418.38
778.36

$939.78
1,142.91
1,509.57
1,174.00
1,104.46
1,172.14
993.34
898.10
810.12
1,201.23
584.97
951.49
1,720.41
1,465.83
1,313.63
1,180.11
893.31
417.56
778.46

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018p

Sept.
2018p

Percent
change
from:
Aug.
2018 Sept.
2018p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

107.3
92.2
98.2
93.5
91.3
90.0
93.9
111.6
103.0
100.9
99.5
114.9
101.9
92.3
104.2
116.5
124.8
119.0
105.5

109.7
95.8
107.0
98.3
93.9
92.8
95.8
113.9
104.2
101.8
100.6
119.0
99.5
91.3
105.4
119.6
127.6
121.7
107.5

110.0
95.7
107.8
98.1
93.7
92.6
95.8
113.8
104.5
102.2
100.3
119.1
99.9
91.5
105.8
119.7
127.9
121.8
108.0

110.1
95.4
108.1
97.7
93.6
92.6
95.6
113.9
104.2
102.0
100.2
119.7
99.9
92.0
105.7
120.0
128.0
121.2
107.7

0.1
-0.3
0.3
-0.4
-0.1
0.0
-0.2
0.1
-0.3
-0.2
-0.1
0.5
0.0
0.5
-0.1
0.3
0.1
-0.5
-0.3

1

Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018p

Sept.
2018p

Percent
change
from:
Aug.
2018 Sept.
2018p

136.0
115.7
126.5
118.8
113.4
111.8
116.9
142.2
127.0
127.3
120.0
140.0
132.7
126.4
136.1
150.1
159.2
149.9
139.3

142.0
122.1
140.1
127.8
117.9
116.9
120.0
148.3
131.1
129.9
124.5
147.0
134.4
128.6
143.1
157.4
165.8
156.9
143.7

142.8
122.4
141.7
127.9
117.9
117.0
120.2
148.7
132.0
131.0
124.9
147.8
134.5
129.6
144.2
158.2
166.3
157.6
144.5

143.3
122.3
143.0
128.1
117.8
117.0
119.9
149.3
132.0
131.5
125.0
148.6
135.5
131.9
144.4
158.9
166.7
157.1
144.5

0.4
-0.1
0.9
0.2
-0.1
0.0
-0.2
0.4
0.0
0.4
0.1
0.5
0.7
1.8
0.1
0.4
0.2
-0.3
0.0

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018p

Sept.
2018p

Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018p

Sept.
2018p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

72,769
59,945
4,424
91
889
3,444
1,816
1,628
55,521
11,035
1,745.1
7,888.2
1,274.1
127.2
1,102
4,794
9,253
17,934
8,343
3,060
12,824

74,050
61,160
4,595
94
930
3,571
1,887
1,684
56,565
11,164
1,787.7
7,928.3
1,319.2
128.6
1,092
4,844
9,498
18,254
8,594
3,119
12,890

74,196
61,276
4,607
95
933
3,579
1,892
1,687
56,669
11,173
1,797.8
7,925.6
1,321.3
128.6
1,088
4,846
9,541
18,289
8,605
3,127
12,920

74,246
61,324
4,623
94
939
3,590
1,898
1,692
56,701
11,173
1,796.1
7,919.8
1,329.0
128.4
1,088
4,847
9,554
18,297
8,615
3,127
12,922

49.5
48.1
22.0
13.2
12.8
27.6
23.4
34.5
53.1
40.1
29.5
49.8
24.5
23.0
39.6
56.5
45.0
77.0
52.0
52.9
57.4

49.7
48.3
22.2
12.7
12.9
28.1
23.7
35.3
53.4
40.2
29.9
49.8
24.7
23.4
39.4
56.5
45.2
77.1
52.6
53.2
57.6

49.7
48.3
22.2
12.7
12.8
28.1
23.8
35.4
53.3
40.1
29.9
49.8
24.7
23.3
39.3
56.4
45.3
77.1
52.6
53.2
57.7

49.7
48.3
22.2
12.5
12.9
28.2
23.8
35.5
53.3
40.1
29.9
49.8
24.7
23.3
39.3
56.3
45.2
77.0
52.7
53.2
57.7

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018p

Sept.
2018p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

102,719
14,479
504
5,220
8,755
5,322
3,433
88,240
23,227
4,741.3
13,521.0
4,518.8
446.1
2,243
6,603
16,794
20,463
14,116
4,794

104,410
14,871
549
5,395
8,927
5,472
3,455
89,539
23,495
4,800.7
13,607.9
4,646.5
440.2
2,228
6,640
17,157
20,794
14,370
4,855

104,599
14,888
554
5,405
8,929
5,476
3,453
89,711
23,533
4,816.0
13,610.2
4,665.5
441.4
2,230
6,654
17,207
20,847
14,376
4,864

104,696
14,912
553
5,414
8,945
5,493
3,452
89,784
23,550
4,822.7
13,603.6
4,681.6
441.8
2,229
6,673
17,236
20,871
14,359
4,866

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018p

Sept.
2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

33.6
41.1
46.2
39.4
41.8
42.3
41.2
32.4
33.8
38.9
30.2
38.2
42.7
35.9
36.9
35.4
32.2
24.7
30.6

33.8
41.6
46.7
40.1
42.2
42.5
41.9
32.5
34.0
38.9
30.5
38.5
42.5
35.7
37.0
35.3
32.3
24.9
30.7

33.7
41.5
46.9
39.9
42.2
42.5
41.6
32.4
34.0
39.0
30.4
38.3
42.8
35.7
37.1
35.3
32.2
24.8
30.8

33.7
41.4
46.2
39.7
42.1
42.3
41.6
32.4
34.0
38.8
30.5
38.4
42.4
35.9
37.1
35.2
32.2
24.7
30.8

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

4.4
4.5
4.2

4.5
4.6
4.4

4.5
4.6
4.4

4.4
4.5
4.3

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018p

Sept.
2018p

Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018p

Sept.
2018p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$22.20
23.35
27.40
27.11
20.99
21.99
19.39
21.95
19.45
24.85
15.38
21.47
36.31
30.83
26.71
26.16
23.15
13.47
20.31

$22.67
23.91
28.25
27.71
21.44
22.45
19.81
22.41
19.89
25.17
15.91
21.87
36.61
31.65
26.91
26.79
23.64
13.88
20.65

$22.75
24.00
28.56
27.76
21.53
22.52
19.91
22.49
20.01
25.33
15.98
21.94
36.98
31.85
26.95
26.84
23.71
13.93
20.63

$22.81
24.07
28.90
27.87
21.57
22.58
19.93
22.54
20.06
25.51
16.00
21.99
37.05
32.02
27.02
26.89
23.71
13.99
20.71

$745.92
959.69
1,265.88
1,068.13
877.38
930.18
798.87
711.18
657.41
966.67
464.48
820.15
1,550.44
1,106.80
985.60
926.06
745.43
332.71
621.49

$766.25
994.66
1,319.28
1,111.17
904.77
954.13
830.04
728.33
676.26
979.11
485.26
842.00
1,555.93
1,129.91
995.67
945.69
763.57
345.61
633.96

$766.68
996.00
1,339.46
1,107.62
908.57
957.10
828.26
728.68
680.34
987.87
485.79
840.30
1,582.74
1,137.05
999.85
947.45
763.46
345.46
635.40

$768.70
996.50
1,335.18
1,106.44
908.10
955.13
829.09
730.30
682.04
989.79
488.00
844.42
1,570.92
1,149.52
1,002.44
946.53
763.46
345.55
637.87

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018p

Sept.
2018p

Percent
change
from:
Aug.
2018 Sept.
2018p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

115.0
90.9
123.7
103.0
84.0
84.6
83.3
121.8
109.4
108.6
103.4
129.9
97.4
91.9
114.7
133.2
140.5
127.7
102.9

117.6
94.5
136.2
108.3
86.5
87.4
85.3
123.9
111.4
110.0
105.1
134.7
95.7
90.8
115.7
135.7
143.2
131.1
104.5

117.4
94.4
138.1
108.0
86.5
87.5
84.6
123.8
111.5
110.6
104.7
134.5
96.6
90.9
116.2
136.1
143.1
130.6
105.1

117.6
94.3
135.8
107.6
86.4
87.3
84.6
123.9
111.6
110.2
105.0
135.3
95.8
91.3
116.5
136.0
143.3
129.9
105.1

0.2
-0.1
-1.7
-0.4
-0.1
-0.2
0.0
0.1
0.1
-0.4
0.3
0.6
-0.8
0.4
0.3
-0.1
0.1
-0.5
0.0

1

Sept.
2017

July
2018

Aug.
2018p

Sept.
2018p

Percent
change
from:
Aug.
2018 Sept.
2018p

170.6
130.0
197.2
150.7
115.3
116.2
114.2
183.3
151.9
159.0
136.2
177.0
147.6
140.3
188.5
207.4
214.7
195.4
152.2

178.1
138.4
223.8
162.1
121.3
122.5
119.4
190.4
158.0
163.1
143.3
186.8
146.2
142.2
191.5
216.4
223.4
206.6
157.3

178.5
138.7
229.3
161.9
121.8
123.0
119.1
190.9
159.2
165.0
143.4
187.2
149.1
143.3
192.7
217.4
224.0
206.6
157.9

179.2
139.0
228.2
162.0
121.9
123.1
119.2
191.5
159.7
165.6
144.0
188.8
148.1
144.8
193.7
217.6
224.2
206.4
158.6

0.4
0.2
-0.5
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.1
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.9
-0.7
1.0
0.5
0.1
0.1
-0.1
0.4

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.