Full text of The Employment Situation : September 2001

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Technical information:
Household data: (202) 691-6378
http://www.bls.gov/cpshome.htm

USDL 01-331

Establishment data:
691-6555
http://www.bls.gov/ceshome.htm
Media contact:
691-5902

Transmission of material in this release is
embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT),
Friday, October 5, 2001.

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:

SEPTEMBER 2001

Payroll employment fell by 199,000 in September, and the unemployment
rate was unchanged at 4.9 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the
U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Sharp job losses continued in
manufacturing, and employment also fell in services, wholesale trade, and
retail trade.
The terrorist attacks of September 11 occurred during the reference
periods for the Bureau's monthly establishment and household surveys. In
addition to the tragic loss of life, the attacks caused many businesses to
shut down for one or more days. In the establishment survey, however,
persons paid for any part of the reference period are considered employed.
Similarly, in the household survey, persons working during any part of the
reference week, as well as those temporarily absent from their jobs, are
considered employed. Thus, it is likely that the events of September 11
had little effect on the September employment and unemployment counts.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons was essentially unchanged at 7.0 million
in September, seasonally adjusted, and the unemployment rate remained at
4.9 percent. The jobless rate had been about 4.5 percent from April through
July of this year and was 3.9 percent a year ago. The unemployment rates for
each of the major worker groups--adult men (4.3 percent), adult women
(4.4 percent), teenagers (14.7 percent), whites (4.3 percent), blacks
(8.7 percent), and Hispanics (6.4 percent)--showed little or no change over
the month. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment rose by about 800,000 in September to 135.2 million,
seasonally adjusted. This follows a decline in August of even larger
magnitude. Since January, employment has fallen by about 800,000, and the
employment-population ratio (63.7 percent in September) has declined by
0.8 percentage point. (See table A-1.)
The civilian labor force rose to 142.2 million in September, and the
labor force participation rate increased to 67.0 percent.
The number of persons who worked part time for economic reasons rose by
about 860,000 in September to 4.2 million, seasonally adjusted. These
persons indicated that they would like to work full time but worked part
time because their hours had been cut back or because they were unable to
find a full-time job. Most of the September increase was among persons
whose hours were cut due to slack work or business conditions, and probably
reflects the effect of the terrorist attacks on September 11, as businesses
closed or were unable to operate at usual capacity. (See table A-4.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.3 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in September, up from 1.2 million a year
earlier. These were people who wanted and were available for work and had
looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but were not counted as
unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding
the survey. The number of discouraged workers was 280,000, essentially
unchanged from a year earlier. Discouraged workers, a subset of the
marginally attached, were not currently looking for work specifically
because they believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.)

- 2 Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
|
Quarterly
|
|
|
averages
|
Monthly data
|
|_________________|__________________________| Aug.Category
|
2001
|
2001
| Sept.
|_________________|__________________________|change
|
II
| III
| July | Aug. | Sept. |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA
|
Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 141,461| 141,771| 141,774| 141,350| 142,190|
840
Employment..........| 135,130| 134,984| 135,379| 134,393| 135,181|
788
Unemployment........|
6,331|
6,787|
6,395|
6,957|
7,009|
52
Not in labor force....| 70,072| 70,367| 70,147| 70,785| 70,167|
-618
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........|
4.5|
4.8|
4.5|
4.9|
4.9|
.0
Adult men...........|
4.0|
4.2|
3.9|
4.4|
4.3|
-0.1
Adult women.........|
3.8|
4.2|
3.9|
4.2|
4.4|
.2
Teenagers...........|
14.0|
15.2|
14.8|
16.1|
14.7|
-1.4
White...............|
3.9|
4.2|
4.0|
4.3|
4.3|
.0
Black...............|
8.2|
8.6|
7.9|
9.1|
8.7|
-.4
Hispanic origin.....|
6.5|
6.2|
6.0|
6.3|
6.4|
.1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
|
Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 132,483|p132,327| 132,449|p132,365|p132,166| p-199
Goods-producing 1/..| 25,310| p24,991| 25,122| p24,974| p24,877|
p-97
Construction......|
6,866| p6,863|
6,867| p6,863| p6,859|
p-4
Manufacturing.....| 17,882| p17,560| 17,688| p17,542| p17,449|
p-93
Service-producing 1/| 107,173|p107,336| 107,327|p107,391|p107,289| p-102
Retail trade......| 23,546| p23,570| 23,606| p23,574| p23,530|
p-44
Services..........| 41,052| p41,080| 41,046| p41,117| p41,076|
p-41
Government........| 20,782| p20,971| 20,932| p20,992| p20,989|
p-3
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Hours of work 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........|
34.2|
p34.1|
34.2|
p34.0|
p34.1|
p0.1
Manufacturing.......|
40.8|
p40.7|
40.8|
p40.7|
p40.5|
p-.2
Overtime..........|
3.9|
p4.0|
4.0|
p4.0|
p3.9|
p-.1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........|
151.4| p150.2|
150.8| p150.1| p149.7| p-0.4
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Earnings 2/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, |
|
|
|
|
|
total private.......| $14.25| p$14.40| $14.34| p$14.41| p$14.44| p$0.03
Avg. weekly earnings, |
|
|
|
|
|
total private.......| 487.46| p490.92| 490.43| p489.94| p492.40| p2.46
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.

- 3 Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Nonfarm payroll employment fell by 199,000 in September to 132.2 million,
seasonally adjusted. This was the largest job loss since February 1991 and
followed a decline of 84,000 (as revised) in August. Since March, net job
losses have totaled nearly half a million. (See table B-1.)
In the goods-producing sector, the downward trend in manufacturing
employment continued, as factories lost 93,000 jobs in September. This was
the 14th consecutive month of factory job losses, bringing the decline in
employment since July 2000 to 1.1 million. In durable goods manufacturing,
large employment declines continued in both industrial machinery (20,000)
and electrical equipment (18,000). Since July 2000, employment in industrial
machinery has declined by 8 percent and employment in electrical equipment by
11 percent. In nondurable goods manufacturing, employment continued to
decline in September in a number of industries including printing and publishing and apparel.
Employment in construction was little changed over the month and has
shown no net growth in recent months. Mining employment was unchanged in
September. It had risen by 21,000--due largely to increases in oil and gas
extraction--during the prior 8 months.
Reflecting the slowdown in manufacturing, wholesale trade employment
continued to decline, down by 21,000 in September. Since its last peak in
November 2000, the industry has lost 80,000 jobs, with losses concentrated
in durable goods distribution in most of those months. In September,
however, employment in nondurable goods distribution also experienced a
sizable decline.
Retail trade employment declined for the second straight month; in
September, the largest losses were in eating and drinking places, apparel
stores, and food stores. Both apparel stores and food stores have been on
a declining trend in recent months. Employment in eating and drinking
places showed no net growth in the third quarter.
The services industry lost 41,000 jobs in September. A primary source
of job growth for several decades, services has shown no net gain in
employment since March. Business services shed 39,000 jobs in September,
matching its average monthly decline so far in 2001; most of the decline
this year has been in help supply, which continued to reduce its payrolls
in September. Following 2 months of declines, computer services posted a
small job gain. Amusement and recreation services experienced a large
employment decline in September (26,000). Job growth continued in health
services; the industry added 29,000 jobs in September, about half of which
was in hospitals. Employment in health services has increased by 230,000
thus far this year.
Employment in finance, insurance, and real estate increased by 14,000 in
September. Job growth in security brokerages, insurance, and real estate,
however, reflects fewer seasonal reductions than usual following weak
hiring in these industries earlier in the year.
Employment in transportation and public utilities edged down in September,
following a very large decline in August. So far this year, the industry has
lost about 40,000 jobs. Employment has been on a downward trend for much of
this year in trucking and air transportation and, in recent months, in communications. Employment in government was little changed over the month.

- 4 Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour in September to 34.1 hours, seasonally
adjusted. The manufacturing workweek decreased by 0.2 hour to 40.5 hours.
Manufacturing overtime was down by 0.1 hour to 3.9 hours. The weekly hours
series measure hours paid rather than hours actually worked. Thus, the hours
missed due to the terrorist attacks would still be counted if the workers were
paid for those hours. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls fell by 0.3 percent in September to
149.7 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The index is down by 1.6 percent
since January. The manufacturing index fell by 1.2 percent to 95.5 in
September and has fallen by 10.7 percent since July 2000. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 3 cents in September to $14.44,
seasonally adjusted. This follows a gain of 7 cents (as revised) in
August. Average weekly earnings rose by 0.5 percent in September to
$492.40. Over the year, average hourly earnings increased by 4.3 percent
and average weekly earnings grew by 3.4 percent. (See table B-3.)

_____________________________

The Employment Situation for October 2001 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, November 2, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).

- 5 Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
60,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2001,
the sample included about 350,000 establishments employing about 39 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall
need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.

- 6 Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication
individuals are counted only once, even if
the establishment survey, employees working
appearing on more than one payroll would be
appearance.

of individuals, because
they hold more than one job. In
at more than one job and thus
counted separately for each

Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December

- 7 period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
292,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -192,000 to 392,000 (100,000 292,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is 273,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is .19 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the

- 8 monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $26.00 per issue or
$50.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-D of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-H of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Employment status, sex, and age

Sept.
2000

Aug.
2001

Sept.
2001

Sept.
2000

212,357
141,576
66.7
134,868
63.5
3,371
131,497
6,708
4.7
70,781
4,348

210,161
140,847
67.0
135,310
64.4
3,356
131,954
5,537
3.9
69,314
4,355

May
2001

June
2001

July
2001

Aug.
2001

Sept.
2001

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Agriculture.................................
Nonagricultural industries..................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................
Not in labor force..............................
Persons who currently want a job..............

210,161
140,357
66.8
135,033
64.3
3,510
131,523
5,324
3.8
69,804
4,184

212,135
141,862
66.9
134,905
63.6
3,419
131,487
6,956
4.9
70,274
5,062

211,525
141,272
66.8
135,103
63.9
3,193
131,910
6,169
4.4
70,254
4,535

211,725
141,354
66.8
134,932
63.7
2,995
131,937
6,422
4.5
70,370
4,600

211,921
141,774
66.9
135,379
63.9
3,045
132,334
6,395
4.5
70,147
4,529

212,135
141,350
66.6
134,393
63.4
3,117
131,276
6,957
4.9
70,785
4,858

212,357
142,190
67.0
135,181
63.7
3,220
131,961
7,009
4.9
70,167
4,539

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,963 101,995 102,110 100,963 101,684 101,786 101,885 101,995 102,110
Civilian labor force............................ 74,983 76,102 75,689 75,305 75,344 75,462 75,719 75,518 76,058
Participation rate........................
74.3
74.6
74.1
74.6
74.1
74.1
74.3
74.0
74.5
Employed...................................... 72,317 72,554 72,284 72,398 71,978 71,926 72,279 71,690 72,333
Employment-population ratio...............
71.6
71.1
70.8
71.7
70.8
70.7
70.9
70.3
70.8
Unemployed....................................
2,666
3,548
3,405
2,907
3,366
3,535
3,439
3,828
3,724
Unemployment rate.........................
3.6
4.7
4.5
3.9
4.5
4.7
4.5
5.1
4.9
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Agriculture.................................
Nonagricultural industries..................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................

92,863
70,954
76.4
68,823
74.1
2,474
66,349
2,130
3.0

93,810
71,713
76.4
68,828
73.4
2,301
66,527
2,885
4.0

93,917
71,750
76.4
68,952
73.4
2,301
66,651
2,799
3.9

92,863
71,053
76.5
68,728
74.0
2,350
66,378
2,325
3.3

93,541
71,351
76.3
68,595
73.3
2,169
66,426
2,756
3.9

93,616
71,346
76.2
68,466
73.1
2,035
66,430
2,880
4.0

93,708
71,555
76.4
68,745
73.4
2,028
66,717
2,810
3.9

93,810
71,514
76.2
68,402
72.9
2,140
66,262
3,112
4.4

93,917
71,894
76.6
68,826
73.3
2,175
66,651
3,069
4.3

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 109,198 110,140 110,247 109,198 109,842 109,939 110,035 110,140 110,247
Civilian labor force............................ 65,374 65,759 65,887 65,542 65,928 65,893 66,055 65,833 66,132
Participation rate........................
59.9
59.7
59.8
60.0
60.0
59.9
60.0
59.8
60.0
Employed...................................... 62,716 62,352 62,584 62,912 63,125 63,006 63,100 62,703 62,848
Employment-population ratio...............
57.4
56.6
56.8
57.6
57.5
57.3
57.3
56.9
57.0
Unemployed....................................
2,658
3,408
3,303
2,630
2,803
2,887
2,956
3,130
3,284
Unemployment rate.........................
4.1
5.2
5.0
4.0
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.8
5.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 101,321 102,165 102,277 101,321 101,938 102,023 102,067 102,165 102,277
Civilian labor force............................ 61,552 61,743 62,230 61,486 62,119 61,890 62,145 62,172 62,242
Participation rate........................
60.7
60.4
60.8
60.7
60.9
60.7
60.9
60.9
60.9
Employed...................................... 59,370 58,851 59,446 59,344 59,766 59,510 59,752 59,562 59,489
Employment-population ratio...............
58.6
57.6
58.1
58.6
58.6
58.3
58.5
58.3
58.2
Agriculture.................................
787
820
842
764
822
752
773
766
826
Nonagricultural industries.................. 58,583 58,032 58,604 58,580 58,943 58,759 58,978 58,796 58,663
Unemployed....................................
2,182
2,892
2,784
2,142
2,353
2,380
2,394
2,610
2,754
Unemployment rate.........................
3.5
4.7
4.5
3.5
3.8
3.8
3.9
4.2
4.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population.............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Agriculture.................................
Nonagricultural industries..................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................

15,977
7,852
49.1
6,840
42.8
249
6,591
1,012
12.9

16,161
8,406
52.0
7,226
44.7
299
6,928
1,180
14.0

16,163
7,595
47.0
6,469
40.0
228
6,242
1,126
14.8

15,977
8,308
52.0
7,238
45.3
242
6,996
1,070
12.9

16,046
7,802
48.6
6,742
42.0
201
6,541
1,060
13.6

16,086
8,118
50.5
6,956
43.2
209
6,748
1,162
14.3

16,145
8,074
50.0
6,883
42.6
244
6,638
1,191
14.8

16,161
7,664
47.4
6,429
39.8
211
6,218
1,236
16.1

16,163
8,054
49.8
6,867
42.5
219
6,648
1,187
14.7

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin

(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Sept.
2000

Aug.
2001

Sept.
2001

Sept.
2000

May
2001

June
2001

July
2001

Aug.
2001

Sept.
2001

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 174,745 176,069 176,220 174,745 175,653 175,789 175,924 176,069 176,220
Civilian labor force............................ 117,237 118,065 117,853 117,553 117,688 117,733 117,982 117,726 118,290
Participation rate..........................
67.1
67.1
66.9
67.3
67.0
67.0
67.1
66.9
67.1
Employed...................................... 113,334 113,084 113,013 113,464 113,185 113,037 113,237 112,703 113,201
Employment-population ratio.................
64.9
64.2
64.1
64.9
64.4
64.3
64.4
64.0
64.2
Unemployed....................................
3,903
4,981
4,840
4,089
4,503
4,696
4,745
5,024
5,089
Unemployment rate...........................
3.3
4.2
4.1
3.5
3.8
4.0
4.0
4.3
4.3
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

60,227
76.9
58,660
74.9
1,567
2.6

60,648
76.8
58,589
74.2
2,059
3.4

60,672
76.8
58,610
74.2
2,063
3.4

60,259
76.9
58,529
74.7
1,730
2.9

60,512
76.8
58,493
74.3
2,019
3.3

60,389
76.6
58,244
73.9
2,145
3.6

60,432
76.6
58,362
74.0
2,069
3.4

60,575
76.7
58,297
73.8
2,278
3.8

60,784
76.9
58,493
74.0
2,292
3.8

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

50,355
60.1
48,786
58.3
1,570
3.1

50,268
59.6
48,204
57.2
2,065
4.1

50,713
60.1
48,773
57.8
1,941
3.8

50,256
60.0
48,700
58.2
1,556
3.1

50,611
60.2
48,902
58.1
1,708
3.4

50,431
59.9
48,749
57.9
1,682
3.3

50,684
60.2
48,925
58.1
1,759
3.5

50,656
60.1
48,839
57.9
1,817
3.6

50,651
60.0
48,724
57.8
1,927
3.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................
Men.......................................
Women.....................................

6,654
52.4
5,888
46.4
766
11.5
11.9
11.1

7,149
55.8
6,292
49.1
857
12.0
12.8
11.0

6,468
50.4
5,630
43.9
837
12.9
13.3
12.5

7,038
55.4
6,235
49.1
803
11.4
12.2
10.6

6,566
51.4
5,790
45.3
776
11.8
13.1
10.5

6,913
54.0
6,044
47.2
869
12.6
14.5
10.6

6,866
53.6
5,950
46.5
916
13.3
13.7
13.0

6,495
50.7
5,567
43.4
928
14.3
15.8
12.7

6,855
53.5
5,984
46.7
870
12.7
13.5
11.9

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

25,299
16,426
64.9
15,244
60.3
1,182
7.2

25,604
16,788
65.6
15,215
59.4
1,572
9.4

25,644
16,719
65.2
15,269
59.5
1,450
8.7

25,299
16,489
65.2
15,304
60.5
1,185
7.2

25,501
16,639
65.2
15,311
60.0
1,328
8.0

25,533
16,756
65.6
15,343
60.1
1,413
8.4

25,565
16,693
65.3
15,374
60.1
1,320
7.9

25,604
16,712
65.3
15,195
59.3
1,517
9.1

25,644
16,792
65.5
15,327
59.8
1,466
8.7

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

7,285
71.8
6,826
67.3
458
6.3

7,418
72.3
6,772
66.0
646
8.7

7,436
72.3
6,897
67.1
538
7.2

7,307
72.0
6,832
67.3
475
6.5

7,275
71.2
6,723
65.8
552
7.6

7,317
71.5
6,744
65.9
573
7.8

7,395
72.1
6,808
66.4
586
7.9

7,424
72.3
6,752
65.8
672
9.0

7,468
72.6
6,904
67.1
564
7.6

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

8,239
64.9
7,740
61.0
499
6.1

8,387
65.3
7,756
60.4
631
7.5

8,433
65.5
7,764
60.3
669
7.9

8,231
64.9
7,750
61.1
481
5.8

8,421
65.8
7,882
61.6
539
6.4

8,491
66.3
7,917
61.8
573
6.8

8,409
65.5
7,903
61.6
506
6.0

8,424
65.6
7,842
61.0
582
6.9

8,424
65.4
7,772
60.4
652
7.7

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................
Men.......................................
Women.....................................

902
36.6
677
27.5
225
24.9
25.8
24.1

982
39.5
687
27.7
295
30.0
32.7
27.2

851
34.2
608
24.4
243
28.5
29.8
27.1

951
38.6
722
29.3
229
24.1
26.7
21.7

942
38.0
706
28.5
236
25.1
30.0
20.3

948
38.2
681
27.5
267
28.2
30.7
26.0

890
35.8
663
26.7
227
25.5
26.9
24.3

864
34.8
601
24.2
263
30.4
32.5
28.1

901
36.2
651
26.2
250
27.7
30.5
24.8

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

22,555
15,525
68.8
14,666
65.0
859
5.5

23,222
15,798
68.0
14,778
63.6
1,020
6.5

23,288
15,815
67.9
14,817
63.6
998
6.3

22,555
15,513
68.8
14,647
64.9
866
5.6

23,021
15,608
67.8
14,634
63.6
975
6.2

23,090
15,570
67.4
14,538
63.0
1,032
6.6

23,157
15,788
68.2
14,843
64.1
945
6.0

23,222
15,772
67.9
14,778
63.6
994
6.3

23,288
15,813
67.9
14,802
63.6
1,010
6.4

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Educational attainment
Sept.
2000

Aug.
2001

Sept.
2001

Sept.
2000

May
2001

June
2001

July
2001

Aug.
2001

Sept.
2001

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................

28,346
12,578
44.4
11,872
41.9
706
5.6

27,468
12,034
43.8
11,239
40.9
795
6.6

27,478
12,126
44.1
11,271
41.0
855
7.1

28,346
12,301
43.4
11,542
40.7
759
6.2

28,350
12,319
43.5
11,523
40.6
797
6.5

28,504
12,170
42.7
11,338
39.8
831
6.8

27,679
12,188
44.0
11,380
41.1
808
6.6

27,468
11,799
43.0
10,943
39.8
856
7.3

27,478
11,859
43.2
10,932
39.8
927
7.8

57,244
36,712
64.1
35,534
62.1
1,178
3.2

57,513
36,674
63.8
35,105
61.0
1,569
4.3

57,400
36,712
64.0
35,232
61.4
1,479
4.0

57,244
36,815
64.3
35,574
62.1
1,241
3.4

57,456
36,952
64.3
35,507
61.8
1,446
3.9

57,099
36,821
64.5
35,391
62.0
1,431
3.9

56,947
36,970
64.9
35,468
62.3
1,502
4.1

57,513
37,096
64.5
35,460
61.7
1,636
4.4

57,400
36,873
64.2
35,303
61.5
1,571
4.3

44,191
32,683
74.0
31,866
72.1
817
2.5

45,339
33,440
73.8
32,310
71.3
1,130
3.4

45,424
33,585
73.9
32,467
71.5
1,117
3.3

44,191
32,952
74.6
32,093
72.6
859
2.6

44,576
33,192
74.5
32,188
72.2
1,004
3.0

44,812
33,314
74.3
32,263
72.0
1,051
3.2

45,444
33,296
73.3
32,301
71.1
994
3.0

45,339
33,481
73.8
32,407
71.5
1,075
3.2

45,424
33,880
74.6
32,696
72.0
1,184
3.5

45,863
36,227
79.0
35,531
77.5
696
1.9

46,734
36,528
78.2
35,547
76.1
980
2.7

46,870
36,998
78.9
36,072
77.0
926
2.5

45,863
36,071
78.6
35,397
77.2
674
1.9

46,271
36,687
79.3
35,915
77.6
771
2.1

46,348
36,592
78.9
35,796
77.2
796
2.2

46,784
36,634
78.3
35,859
76.6
775
2.1

46,734
36,649
78.4
35,870
76.8
779
2.1

46,870
36,896
78.7
36,000
76.8
896
2.4

High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
1
and
2
3

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
seasonally adjusted columns.
Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Category

Sept.
2000

Aug.
2001

Sept.
2001

Sept.
2000

May
2001

June
2001

July
2001

Aug.
2001

Sept.
2001

CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 135,033 134,905 134,868 135,310 135,103 134,932 135,379 134,393 135,181
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,627 43,215 43,436 43,321 43,733 43,428 43,294 43,172 43,091
Married women, spouse present................... 33,503 33,129 33,597 33,491 33,686 33,380 33,603 33,805 33,664
Women who maintain families.....................
8,633
8,389
8,381
8,516
8,319
8,529
8,567
8,323
8,240
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty...........
Technical, sales, and administrative support....
Service occupations.............................
Precision production, craft, and repair.........
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............
Farming, forestry, and fishing..................

41,106
38,810
18,019
15,005
18,482
3,612

41,465
38,625
18,287
15,200
17,780
3,548

41,899
38,645
18,210
14,866
17,730
3,517

40,938
39,093
18,190
15,083
18,472
3,390

41,996
38,743
18,224
14,962
17,904
3,251

41,987
38,998
18,576
14,794
17,564
3,136

41,917
39,067
18,642
14,997
17,571
3,166

41,750
38,664
18,052
15,050
17,655
3,154

41,775
39,114
18,357
14,941
17,679
3,306

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers.......................
2,141
2,032
2,003
2,018
1,958
1,775
1,786
1,850
1,884
Self-employed workers.........................
1,328
1,349
1,342
1,274
1,201
1,166
1,256
1,239
1,290
Unpaid family workers.........................
42
38
26
38
38
36
22
29
23
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 122,545 122,866 122,744 123,117 123,416 123,009 123,432 122,686 123,278
Government.................................. 18,827 18,566 19,222 19,003 19,067 18,812 18,919 19,219 19,397
Private industries.......................... 103,718 104,301 103,522 104,114 104,349 104,197 104,513 103,467 103,881
Private households........................
784
792
768
824
789
744
790
827
809
Other industries.......................... 102,934 103,509 102,754 103,290 103,559 103,453 103,723 102,640 103,072
Self-employed workers.........................
8,878
8,515
8,657
8,786
8,530
8,741
8,574
8,481
8,563
Unpaid family workers.........................
99
106
95
108
103
94
88
113
102
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................
Slack work or business conditions...........
Could only find part-time work..............
Part time for noneconomic reasons.............

2,854
1,837
784
18,751

3,289
1,946
913
16,434

3,765
2,561
1,005
18,994

3,188
2,051
831
18,595

3,371
2,215
900
18,581

3,637
2,299
1,025
18,472

3,466
2,120
999
18,845

3,326
2,086
935
19,153

4,188
2,861
1,081
18,825

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................
Slack work or business conditions...........
Could only find part-time work..............
Part time for noneconomic reasons.............

2,724
1,747
769
18,147

3,177
1,874
888
15,886

3,648
2,480
988
18,406

3,030
1,940
817
18,024

3,197
2,089
876
18,061

3,532
2,234
1,024
18,039

3,336
2,059
985
18,309

3,196
2,004
911
18,580

4,045
2,759
1,070
18,278

NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates(1)

Category
Sept.
2000

Aug.
2001

Sept.
2001

Sept.
2000

May
2001

June
2001

July
2001

Aug.
2001

Sept.
2001

Total, 16 years and over.........................
Men, 20 years and over.........................
Women, 20 years and over.......................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years.....................

5,537
2,325
2,142
1,070

6,957
3,112
2,610
1,236

7,009
3,069
2,754
1,187

3.9
3.3
3.5
12.9

4.4
3.9
3.8
13.6

4.5
4.0
3.8
14.3

4.5
3.9
3.9
14.8

4.9
4.4
4.2
16.1

4.9
4.3
4.4
14.7

Married men, spouse present....................
Married women, spouse present..................
Women who maintain families....................

916
937
484

1,220
1,034
600

1,197
1,165
623

2.1
2.7
5.4

2.6
2.9
6.2

2.6
3.0
6.3

2.6
2.8
6.2

2.7
3.0
6.7

2.7
3.3
7.0

Full-time workers..............................
Part-time workers..............................

4,423
1,097

5,583
1,370

5,908
1,107

3.8
4.6

4.3
4.6

4.4
5.3

4.4
5.1

4.8
5.6

5.0
4.5

734
1,390
542
1,216
214

1,071
1,732
753
1,478
299

1,032
1,762
758
1,430
252

1.8
3.4
3.5
6.2
5.9

1.9
3.7
4.5
7.3
7.1

2.0
4.0
4.5
7.9
6.2

2.2
4.0
4.2
7.2
7.5

2.5
4.3
4.8
7.7
8.7

2.4
4.3
4.8
7.5
7.1

4,339
1,255
25
516
714
381
333
3,084
265
1,316
163
1,340
399
172

5,617
1,744
25
626
1,092
689
403
3,873
286
1,537
222
1,828
410
210

5,707
1,725
27
642
1,056
659
397
3,982
311
1,643
228
1,800
423
143

4.0
4.4
5.0
6.4
3.6
3.2
4.3
3.9
3.2
4.8
2.1
3.7
2.1
7.9

4.5
5.3
5.5
6.6
4.8
4.9
4.7
4.2
3.8
5.3
2.3
3.9
2.0
8.2

4.8
5.5
6.8
6.7
5.0
5.0
4.9
4.5
4.4
5.3
2.6
4.4
2.0
9.6

4.7
5.6
3.7
6.8
5.1
4.7
5.7
4.4
3.3
5.2
3.2
4.3
2.1
10.9

5.1
6.2
4.3
7.5
5.7
5.8
5.5
4.8
3.5
5.6
2.7
4.9
2.1
10.2

5.2
6.2
4.8
7.6
5.6
5.6
5.4
4.9
3.9
5.9
2.8
4.8
2.1
7.1

CHARACTERISTIC

OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty..........
Technical, sales, and administrative support...
Precision production, craft, and repair........
Operators, fabricators, and laborers...........
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries...................
Mining.....................................
Construction...............................
Manufacturing..............................
Durable goods............................
Nondurable goods.........................
Service-producing industries.................
Transportation and public utilities........
Wholesale and retail trade.................
Finance, insurance, and real estate........
Services...................................
Government workers.............................
Agricultural wage and salary workers...........

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Duration
Sept.
2000

Aug.
2001

Sept.
2001

Sept.
2000

May
2001

June
2001

July
2001

Aug.
2001

Sept.
2001

Less than 5 weeks................................
5 to 14 weeks....................................
15 weeks and over................................
15 to 26 weeks................................
27 weeks and over.............................

2,547
1,583
1,194
571
623

2,926
2,333
1,697
843
854

2,792
2,127
1,790
1,002
787

2,498
1,750
1,247
618
629

2,679
2,028
1,484
852
632

2,809
2,084
1,540
804
737

2,612
2,150
1,587
935
652

3,004
2,100
1,817
982
835

2,764
2,361
1,884
1,089
795

Average (mean) duration, in weeks................
Median duration, in weeks........................

12.1
5.2

13.2
6.9

13.1
7.2

12.1
5.3

12.2
6.5

13.0
6.2

12.5
6.7

13.3
6.5

13.1
7.4

100.0
47.8
29.7
22.4
10.7
11.7

100.0
42.1
33.5
24.4
12.1
12.3

100.0
41.6
31.7
26.7
14.9
11.7

100.0
45.5
31.8
22.7
11.2
11.4

100.0
43.3
32.8
24.0
13.8
10.2

100.0
43.7
32.4
23.9
12.5
11.4

100.0
41.1
33.9
25.0
14.7
10.3

100.0
43.4
30.3
26.3
14.2
12.1

100.0
39.4
33.7
26.9
15.5
11.3

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................
Less than 5 weeks..............................
5 to 14 weeks..................................
15 weeks and over..............................
15 to 26 weeks...............................
27 weeks and over............................

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Reason
Sept.
2000

Aug.
2001

Sept.
2001

Sept.
2000

May
2001

June
2001

July
2001

Aug.
2001

Sept.
2001

2,258
595
1,662
1,104
558
853
1,832
382

3,334
1,000
2,334
1,704
630
977
2,129
516

3,243
786
2,457
1,795
663
893
2,137
434

2,502
837
1,665
(1)
(1)
756
1,798
429

3,159
1,084
2,075
(1)
(1)
820
1,801
482

3,291
940
2,351
(1)
(1)
810
1,906
477

3,252
1,003
2,249
(1)
(1)
774
1,912
436

3,409
1,079
2,330
(1)
(1)
894
2,166
495

3,600
1,118
2,482
(1)
(1)
800
2,108
476

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

42.4
11.2
31.2
16.0
34.4
7.2

47.9
14.4
33.5
14.0
30.6
7.4

48.4
11.7
36.6
13.3
31.9
6.5

45.6
15.3
30.4
13.8
32.8
7.8

50.4
17.3
33.1
13.1
28.8
7.7

50.8
14.5
36.3
12.5
29.4
7.4

51.0
15.7
35.3
12.1
30.0
6.8

49.0
15.5
33.5
12.8
31.1
7.1

51.5
16.0
35.5
11.5
30.2
6.8

1.6
.6
1.3
.3

2.4
.7
1.5
.4

2.3
.6
1.5
.3

1.8
.5
1.3
.3

2.2
.6
1.3
.3

2.3
.6
1.3
.3

2.3
.5
1.3
.3

2.4
.6
1.5
.4

2.5
.6
1.5
.3

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs...........................................
On temporary layoff.............................
Not on temporary layoff.........................
Permanent job losers..........................
Persons who completed temporary jobs..........
Job leavers.......................................
Reentrants........................................
New entrants......................................
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed..................................
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs...........................................
On temporary layoff............................
Not on temporary layoff........................
Job leavers......................................
Reentrants.......................................
New entrants.....................................
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs...........................................
Job leavers......................................
Reentrants.......................................
New entrants.....................................
1 Not available.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)

Not seasonally
adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Measure

Sept.
2000

Aug.
2001

Sept.
2001

Sept.
2000

May
2001

June
2001

July
2001

Aug.
2001

Sept.
2001

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................

.9

1.2

1.3

.9

1.1

1.1

1.1

1.3

1.3

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force...................

1.6

2.4

2.3

1.8

2.2

2.3

2.3

2.4

2.5

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)......................

3.8

4.9

4.7

3.9

4.4

4.5

4.5

4.9

4.9

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers....

4.0

5.1

4.9

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................

4.6

5.8

5.6

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers.............................

6.6

8.1

8.3

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates(1)

Age and sex

Sept.
2000

Aug.
2001

Sept.
2001

Sept.
2000

May
2001

June
2001

July
2001

Aug.
2001

Sept.
2001

Total, 16 years and over..........................
16 to 24 years..................................
16 to 19 years................................
16 to 17 years..............................
18 to 19 years..............................
20 to 24 years................................
25 years and over...............................
25 to 54 years................................
55 years and over.............................

5,537
2,023
1,070
515
559
953
3,520
3,012
488

6,957
2,544
1,236
559
701
1,308
4,423
3,884
573

7,009
2,448
1,187
498
694
1,262
4,558
3,933
628

3.9
8.9
12.9
15.7
11.1
6.6
3.0
3.0
2.7

4.4
9.9
13.6
15.5
12.2
7.9
3.3
3.5
2.6

4.5
10.4
14.3
16.0
13.1
8.2
3.5
3.6
2.8

4.5
10.1
14.8
19.3
11.8
7.5
3.4
3.6
2.8

4.9
11.5
16.1
19.1
14.7
9.0
3.7
3.9
3.0

4.9
10.7
14.7
16.2
13.9
8.5
3.8
3.9
3.3

Men, 16 years and over..........................
16 to 24 years................................
16 to 19 years..............................
16 to 17 years............................
18 to 19 years............................
20 to 24 years..............................
25 years and over.............................
25 to 54 years..............................
55 years and over...........................

2,907
1,125
582
292
288
543
1,790
1,522
259

3,828
1,435
716
335
391
720
2,384
2,086
345

3,724
1,353
656
288
370
697
2,373
2,047
343

3.9
9.5
13.7
17.5
11.2
7.1
2.8
2.9
2.6

4.5
11.0
15.3
17.4
13.9
8.7
3.3
3.5
2.9

4.7
11.8
15.9
18.0
14.5
9.5
3.4
3.5
3.0

4.5
10.4
15.1
19.0
13.0
7.9
3.5
3.6
3.0

5.1
12.4
17.9
22.7
15.4
9.5
3.7
3.9
3.3

4.9
11.3
15.8
18.3
14.3
8.9
3.7
3.8
3.3

Women, 16 years and over........................
16 to 24 years................................
16 to 19 years..............................
16 to 17 years............................
18 to 19 years............................
20 to 24 years..............................
25 years and over.............................
25 to 54 years..............................
55 years and over...........................

2,630
898
488
223
271
410
1,730
1,490
229

3,130
1,108
520
224
310
588
2,039
1,798
229

3,284
1,096
531
209
324
565
2,185
1,886
285

4.0
8.2
12.0
13.8
11.0
6.0
3.2
3.2
2.8

4.3
8.8
11.8
13.6
10.4
7.1
3.4
3.6
2.2

4.4
8.9
12.7
14.0
11.6
6.7
3.5
3.8
2.5

4.5
9.7
14.4
19.6
10.6
7.1
3.4
3.6
2.5

4.8
10.4
14.2
15.5
13.9
8.4
3.7
3.8
2.7

5.0
10.1
13.6
13.9
13.5
8.2
3.9
4.0
3.3

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

Total

Men

Women

Category
Sept.
2000

Sept.
2001

Sept.
2000

Sept.
2001

Sept.
2000

Sept.
2001

69,804
4,184
1,158

70,781
4,348
1,325

25,980
1,863
594

26,421
1,949
659

43,824
2,321
564

44,361
2,400
666

250
908

280
1,045

168
425

164
495

81
483

116
550

Total multiple jobholders(4)......................................
Percent of total employed.....................................

7,471
5.5

7,246
5.4

3,930
5.4

3,825
5.3

3,541
5.6

3,421
5.5

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................
Primary and secondary jobs both part time.....................
Primary and secondary jobs both full time.....................
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................

4,072
1,566
336
1,447

3,897
1,576
265
1,484

2,338
527
239
805

2,244
516
165
888

1,734
1,039
96
642

1,653
1,060
100
596

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force......................................
Persons who currently want a job................................
Searched for work and available to work now(1)...............
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2)....................
Reasons other than discouragement(3)....................
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Sept.
2000

July
2001

Aug.
2001p

Sept.
2001p

Sept.
2000

May
2001

June
2001

July
2001

Aug.
2001p

Sept.
2001p

Total......................... 132,411 132,300 132,181 132,511 132,046 132,530 132,431 132,449 132,365 132,166
Total private.................... 112,019 112,495 112,408 111,737 111,463 111,760 111,603 111,517 111,373 111,177
Goods-producing.........................

26,014

25,464

25,431

25,205

25,696

25,324

25,186

25,122

24,974

24,877

Mining................................
Metal mining........................
Coal mining.........................
Oil and gas extraction..............
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels..

556
40.6
76.1
319.8
119.3

575
34.9
78.8
344.4
117.1

578
35.3
79.6
346.3
116.8

576
35.4
80.0
344.9
115.6

547
40
76
316
115

564
37
76
339
112

565
35
78
340
112

567
34
79
341
113

569
35
80
342
112

569
35
80
343
111

Construction..........................
6,973
7,213
7,200
7,101
General building contractors........ 1,572.0 1,621.0 1,621.9 1,597.6
Heavy construction, except building.
972.5 1,007.1 1,007.8 1,003.7
Special trade contractors........... 4,428.7 4,584.9 4,569.9 4,499.6

6,728
1,538
900
4,290

6,881
1,556
923
4,402

6,864
1,551
925
4,388

6,867
1,554
935
4,378

6,863
1,556
932
4,375

6,859
1,564
932
4,363

Manufacturing.........................
Production workers................

18,485
12,631

17,676
11,870

17,653
11,877

17,528
11,790

18,421
12,559

17,879
12,066

17,757
11,956

17,688
11,900

17,542
11,789

17,449
11,702

Durable goods........................
Production workers................
Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Computer and office equipment.....
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Electronic components and
accessories....................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Aircraft and parts................
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

11,139
7,583
837.3
560.6
586.5
694.0

10,602
7,069
808.5
523.9
580.2
645.3

10,562
7,048
808.4
522.8
577.5
644.4

10,480
6,990
808.7
517.7
575.2
640.0

11,129
7,568
826
560
579
695

10,778
7,235
797
540
574
660

10,692
7,157
798
532
572
654

10,624
7,102
797
531
569
648

10,525
7,024
792
521
568
643

10,460
6,966
797
516
567
640

222.1
208.5
208.3
207.2
1,540.9 1,465.7 1,472.2 1,464.0
2,116.0 2,004.6 1,981.0 1,958.1
364.6
355.4
351.7
345.1

(1)
1,540
2,121
364

(1)
1,488
2,054
366

(1)
1,478
2,031
357

(1)
1,478
2,007
353

(1)
1,468
1,983
350

(1)
1,460
1,963
344

1,735.0 1,588.8 1,567.3 1,547.4

1,736

1,656

1,624

1,589

1,565

1,547

697.0
636.1
620.2
609.0
1,816.9 1,733.9 1,744.0 1,730.9
992.4
916.8
927.8
916.6
463.9
465.3
464.9
465.2
857.5
866.9
861.9
854.2
394.4
384.1
382.3
383.3

698
1,822
994
464
858
392

670
1,757
939
465
865
387

650
1,749
931
465
865
389

634
1,752
936
466
865
388

618
1,747
928
465
859
379

610
1,736
918
466
854
380

7,346
7,074
7,091
7,048
5,048
4,801
4,829
4,800
1,716.3 1,704.1 1,731.9 1,726.1
33.1
31.1
33.5
33.3
526.5
469.3
467.7
463.6
625.4
562.9
557.4
554.2
655.7
634.1
631.3
629.7
1,546.9 1,490.0 1,484.5 1,473.4
1,035.8 1,040.2 1,037.3 1,027.8
129.3
130.7
130.3
130.0
1,006.7
949.7
953.8
948.4
70.7
61.6
62.9
61.0

7,292
4,991
1,674
33
523
620
655
1,547
1,037
127
1,006
70

7,101
4,831
1,684
33
480
579
639
1,502
1,033
127
959
65

7,065
4,799
1,685
33
472
567
635
1,495
1,033
128
953
64

7,064
4,798
1,680
33
471
571
632
1,489
1,039
128
957
64

7,017
4,765
1,675
35
464
556
628
1,484
1,035
127
951
62

6,989
4,736
1,676
33
461
550
627
1,476
1,030
128
947
61

Nondurable goods.....................
Production workers................
Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

Service-producing....................... 106,397 106,836 106,750 107,306 106,350 107,206 107,245 107,327 107,391 107,289
Transportation and public utilities...
7,105
7,095
7,074
7,121
Transportation......................
4,598
4,538
4,523
4,587
Railroad transportation...........
236.6
227.3
227.8
228.1
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................
490.4
422.2
423.7
503.9
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,889.9 1,886.3 1,876.1 1,873.2
Water transportation..............
205.4
214.2
210.1
207.1
Transportation by air............. 1,285.1 1,304.6 1,303.7 1,294.8
Pipelines, except natural gas.....
13.6
14.2
14.3
14.1
Transportation services...........
477.2
469.6
466.9
465.3
Communications and public utilities.
2,507
2,557
2,551
2,534
Communications.................... 1,657.4 1,702.3 1,697.6 1,688.1
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services.......................
849.2
854.5
853.3
846.0

7,062
4,553
235

7,130
4,584
230

7,118
4,571
227

7,108
4,561
226

7,076
4,535
226

7,069
4,536
227

478
1,861
199
1,291
14
475
2,509
1,660

483
1,867
203
1,315
14
472
2,546
1,699

483
1,867
201
1,310
14
469
2,547
1,700

485
1,863
203
1,304
14
466
2,547
1,700

486
1,844
199
1,303
14
463
2,541
1,693

491
1,843
201
1,297
14
463
2,533
1,687

849

847

847

847

848

846

7,050
4,200
2,850
23,403

7,052
4,169
2,883
23,715

7,034
4,154
2,880
23,724

6,995
4,123
2,872
23,556

7,042
4,203
2,839
23,371

7,038
4,174
2,864
23,546

7,022
4,166
2,856
23,561

7,017
4,149
2,868
23,606

7,011
4,134
2,877
23,574

6,990
4,125
2,865
23,530

1,010.6
2,786.9
2,444.8
3,519.0

1,042.7
2,740.3
2,397.7
3,561.6

1,032.5
2,747.0
2,407.4
3,548.7

1,012.4
2,758.8
2,418.1
3,517.6

1,012
2,834
2,487
3,529

1,006
2,821
2,473
3,553

1,014
2,818
2,471
3,544

1,008
2,810
2,458
3,536

1,015
2,799
2,449
3,528

1,014
2,805
2,456
3,521

2,431.3 2,460.3 2,461.8 2,449.1
1,124.3 1,135.8 1,138.6 1,139.9
1,190.7 1,214.0 1,226.6 1,198.5

2,420
1,120
1,202

2,428
1,126
1,231

2,431
1,128
1,227

2,435
1,131
1,219

2,441
1,133
1,222

2,439
1,136
1,215

1,128.6 1,127.5 1,128.2 1,124.2
8,257.9 8,469.7 8,466.8 8,363.7
3,077.7 3,099.1 3,112.1 3,131.4

1,138
8,138
3,098

1,136
8,216
3,155

1,136
8,241
3,150

1,137
8,310
3,151

1,137
8,279
3,153

1,138
8,242
3,156

Finance, insurance, and real estate...
7,554
7,710
7,698
7,634
Finance.............................
3,711
3,781
3,778
3,755
Depository institutions........... 2,018.7 2,053.5 2,050.3 2,033.0
Commercial banks................ 1,420.3 1,436.2 1,432.9 1,420.1
Savings institutions............
252.4
256.9
256.8
255.2
Nondepository institutions........
675.0
705.5
710.3
707.8
Mortgage bankers and brokers....
302.6
322.1
324.4
321.7
Security and commodity brokers....
763.9
763.4
760.3
757.9
Holding and other investment
offices........................
253.4
258.7
257.5
255.8
Insurance...........................
2,330
2,368
2,363
2,355
Insurance carriers................ 1,575.6 1,606.4 1,602.8 1,595.8
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................
753.9
761.4
760.2
759.3
Real estate.........................
1,513
1,561
1,557
1,524

7,556
3,718
2,024
1,424
253
677
304
762

7,644
3,770
2,037
1,426
255
697
313
776

7,631
3,767
2,041
1,428
256
699
317
766

7,618
3,755
2,039
1,426
255
703
321
755

7,621
3,756
2,037
1,423
255
708
324
753

7,635
3,759
2,038
1,423
256
708
323
756

255
2,335
1,580

260
2,358
1,598

261
2,356
1,598

258
2,357
1,599

258
2,357
1,598

257
2,361
1,600

755
1,503

760
1,516

758
1,508

758
1,506

759
1,508

761
1,515

40,736
804
1,924
1,257
9,965
995
3,947
3,547

41,078
834
1,935
1,277
9,702
1,013
3,590
3,198

41,085
833
1,920
1,279
9,666
1,008
3,556
3,161

41,046
834
1,922
1,281
9,592
998
3,517
3,127

41,117
837
1,911
1,285
9,584
997
3,518
3,109

41,076
840
1,913
1,282
9,545
992
3,500
3,100

Wholesale trade.......................
Durable goods.......................
Nondurable goods....................
Retail trade..........................
Building materials and garden
supplies.........................
General merchandise stores..........
Department stores.................
Food stores.........................
Automotive dealers and service
stations.........................
New and used car dealers..........
Apparel and accessory stores........
Furniture and home furnishings
stores...........................
Eating and drinking places..........
Miscellaneous retail establishments.

Services2.............................
Agricultural services...............
Hotels and other lodging places.....
Personal services...................
Business services...................
Services to buildings.............
Personnel supply services.........
Help supply services............

40,893
844.8
1,977.7
1,221.3
10092.7
1,000.3
4,061.7
3,641.7

41,459
918.8
2,089.3
1,231.7
9,629.5
1,005.3
3,525.8
3,140.9

41,447
906.5
2,076.6
1,238.4
9,695.6
1,003.9
3,605.6
3,208.4

41,226
880.0
1,970.8
1,245.4
9,676.4
996.1
3,611.0
3,215.8

Computer and data processing
services.......................
Auto repair, services, and parking..
Miscellaneous repair services.......
Motion pictures.....................
Amusement and recreation services...
Health services.....................
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................
Nursing and personal care
facilities.....................
Hospitals.........................
Home health care services.........
Legal services......................
Educational services................
Social services.....................
Child day care services...........
Residential care..................
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens...........................
Membership organizations............
Engineering and management services.
Engineering and architectural
services.......................
Management and public relations...
Services, nec.......................
Government............................
Federal.............................
Federal, except Postal Service....
State...............................
Education.........................
Other State government............
Local...............................
Education.........................
Other local government............

2,115.8
1,260.3
365.4
580.7
1,821.1
10121.3

2,187.9
1,306.7
363.7
575.2
1,827.8
10401.7

2,124
1,260
366
590
1,738
10,131

2,200
1,309
363
587
1,787
10,296

2,205
1,303
361
602
1,768
10,329

2,202
1,312
360
595
1,772
10,354

2,193
1,308
362
587
1,771
10,385

2,197
1,307
363
583
1,745
10,414

1,929.5 1,986.9 1,995.2 1,985.8

1,933

1,973

1,981

1,983

1,990

1,989

1,798.5
3,997.8
644.6
1,007.6
2,299.8
2,924.8
724.6
809.1

1,830.4
4,124.0
654.6
1,024.6
2,388.9
3,065.9
747.0
850.1

1,797
4,001
645
1,013
2,344
2,928
719
813

1,814
4,071
645
1,027
2,431
3,039
745
842

1,821
4,086
648
1,027
2,426
3,056
756
845

1,823
4,098
647
1,026
2,432
3,048
760
847

1,825
4,114
653
1,028
2,450
3,075
763
850

1,831
4,129
655
1,032
2,434
3,082
747
853

107.6
121.3
119.4
111.9
2,458.6 2,562.3 2,540.2 2,482.8
3,438.4 3,566.7 3,564.5 3,529.2

107
2,482
3,455

110
2,496
3,512

111
2,501
3,529

111
2,493
3,540

111
2,503
3,545

111
2,506
3,544

1,032.2 1,082.5 1,084.0 1,072.1
1,104.4 1,128.7 1,129.4 1,124.1
49.7
52.7
52.9
53.0

1,030
1,102
(1)

1,057
1,121
(1)

1,059
1,124
(1)

1,064
1,119
(1)

1,067
1,124
(1)

1,070
1,127
(1)

20,583
2,623
1,762
4,813
2,051
2,762
13,147
7,439
5,708

20,770
2,612
1,754
4,854
2,066
2,788
13,304
7,512
5,792

20,828
2,621
1,772
4,881
2,089
2,792
13,326
7,515
5,811

20,932
2,626
1,772
4,909
2,117
2,792
13,397
7,575
5,822

20,992
2,617
1,770
4,906
2,115
2,791
13,469
7,650
5,819

20,989
2,618
1,770
4,934
2,134
2,800
13,437
7,629
5,808

20,392
2,619
1,762.7
4,790
2,017.2
2,772.9
12,983
7,281.1
5,701.7

2,204.5
1,319.0
363.5
607.7
2,098.1
10380.2

1,826.9
4,111.7
647.6
1,043.2
2,133.8
3,019.6
690.8
853.8

19,805
2,644
1,795.7
4,645
1,809.6
2,835.4
12,516
6,377.8
6,137.7

2,196.0
1,314.7
364.8
604.6
2,059.5
10404.5

1,831.5
4,118.3
652.0
1,034.6
2,118.0
3,030.4
701.2
856.4

19,773
2,627
1,781.3
4,652
1,821.2
2,831.0
12,494
6,447.5
6,046.7

20,774
2,612
1,768.7
4,900
2,088.6
2,811.3
13,262
7,457.2
5,804.8

1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
2 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Sept.
2000

July
2001

Aug.
2001p

Sept.
2001p

Sept.
2000

May
2001

June
2001

July
2001

Aug.
2001p

Sept.
2001p

Total private....................

34.5

34.6

34.4

34.3

34.4

34.2

34.2

34.2

34.0

34.1

Goods-producing.........................

41.3

40.4

Mining................................

43.8

43.7

40.7

40.6

40.7

40.5

40.4

40.5

40.3

40.1

43.7

44.2

43.0

43.9

43.3

43.3

43.5

43.8

Construction..........................

40.1

40.4

40.2

39.7

38.9

39.7

39.4

39.4

39.3

39.0

Manufacturing.........................
Overtime hours....................

41.8
4.9

40.3
3.9

40.8
4.2

40.9
4.3

41.4
4.4

40.7
3.9

40.7
3.9

40.8
4.0

40.7
4.0

40.5
3.9

Durable goods........................
Overtime hours....................

42.3
4.9

40.5
3.8

41.1
4.1

41.1
4.1

41.8
4.5

41.0
3.9

40.9
3.9

41.2
4.0

41.0
4.0

40.7
3.8

Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

41.1
40.5
43.8
44.9

40.8
39.3
44.3
43.4

41.0
39.7
44.3
43.7

41.4
39.1
44.9
44.6

40.8
39.7
42.9
44.7

40.6
38.6
43.9
43.5

40.4
38.4
44.0
43.9

41.1
39.7
44.0
44.1

40.7
39.4
43.6
43.8

41.2
38.4
44.0
44.1

45.8
42.8
42.0

44.9
40.8
40.3

44.9
41.5
40.0

46.8
41.4
40.2

45.8
42.2
41.9

44.6
41.4
40.7

45.1
41.2
40.4

44.7
41.6
40.8

44.9
41.5
40.1

46.3
41.0
40.1

41.2
43.8
45.0
41.0
39.1

38.3
40.7
41.0
40.4
37.8

39.1
42.6
44.2
40.2
38.3

39.5
41.4
42.4
41.0
37.9

40.7
42.9
43.8
41.1
38.5

39.1
42.4
43.6
41.0
37.9

39.3
41.9
43.0
40.8
38.4

38.9
42.2
43.0
40.8
38.4

39.0
42.7
44.5
40.2
38.2

39.2
40.8
41.6
41.1
37.6

Nondurable goods.....................
Overtime hours....................

41.1
4.8

40.0
4.1

40.3
4.4

40.6
4.6

40.7
4.3

40.3
4.0

40.4
3.9

40.3
4.0

40.2
4.1

40.1
4.1

Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

42.5
41.9
41.2
37.7
42.7
38.6
42.4
42.2
41.7
37.9

40.9
40.3
39.1
37.2
41.7
38.0
42.3
43.3
40.0
35.2

41.6
40.5
40.2
37.1
41.3
38.2
42.1
42.9
40.4
36.7

42.0
40.3
40.3
36.5
42.2
38.4
42.3
42.8
41.0
36.3

41.6
41.0
40.8
37.6
42.4
38.2
42.4
(2)
41.3
37.3

41.1
39.1
40.3
37.8
41.6
38.0
42.4
(2)
40.6
35.9

41.2
40.4
40.4
37.5
41.7
38.0
42.2
(2)
40.7
36.2

40.9
40.5
39.7
37.7
41.9
38.2
42.7
(2)
40.6
35.7

41.1
40.3
39.9
36.9
41.3
38.0
42.2
(2)
40.4
36.4

40.9
39.4
39.9
36.5
41.7
38.0
42.1
(2)
40.7
35.9

Service-producing.......................

32.7

33.2

32.9

32.8

32.8

32.7

32.8

32.6

32.6

32.6

Transportation and public utilities...

38.7

38.5

38.2

38.3

38.5

38.1

38.1

37.8

37.9

37.8

Wholesale trade.......................

38.4

38.5

38.2

38.7

38.4

38.2

38.3

38.2

38.2

38.5

Retail trade..........................

28.8

29.5

29.3

28.7

28.8

28.8

28.7

28.6

28.6

28.6

Finance, insurance, and real estate...

36.1

36.7

36.1

36.7

36.4

36.2

36.5

36.2

36.2

36.2

Services..............................

32.5

33.1

32.8

32.7

32.7

32.7

32.8

32.7

32.5

32.6

1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry
Sept.
2000

July
2001

Aug.
2001p

Sept.
2001p

Sept.
2000

July
2001

Aug.
2001p

Sept.
2001p

Total private....................
Seasonally adjusted.............

$13.89
13.84

$14.27
14.34

$14.28
14.41

$14.50
14.44

$479.21
476.10

$493.74
490.43

$491.23
489.94

$497.35
492.40

Goods-producing.........................

15.61

16.01

16.06

16.14

644.69

646.80

653.64

655.28

Mining................................

17.16

17.67

17.51

17.65

751.61

772.18

765.19

780.13

Construction..........................

18.17

18.32

18.44

18.53

728.62

740.13

741.29

735.64

Manufacturing.........................

14.51

14.84

14.89

15.00

606.52

598.05

607.51

613.50

Durable goods........................
Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

14.96
12.07
11.88
14.77
16.54

15.25
12.32
12.24
15.12
17.11

15.38
12.38
12.32
15.18
17.07

15.46
12.45
12.28
15.19
17.27

632.81
496.08
481.14
646.93
742.65

617.63
502.66
481.03
669.82
742.57

632.12
507.58
489.10
672.47
745.96

635.41
515.43
480.15
682.03
770.24

19.83
13.99
15.69

20.48
14.27
15.90

20.64
14.35
15.95

20.81
14.42
16.05

908.21
598.77
658.98

919.55
582.22
640.77

926.74
595.53
638.00

973.91
596.99
645.21

13.91
18.77
19.12
14.58
11.66

14.59
18.80
19.04
14.98
12.12

14.71
19.09
19.39
15.01
12.25

14.86
19.19
19.49
15.07
12.36

573.09
822.13
860.40
597.78
455.91

558.80
765.16
780.64
605.19
458.14

575.16
813.23
857.04
603.40
469.18

586.97
794.47
826.38
617.87
468.44

Nondurable goods.....................
Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

13.80
12.59
22.13
11.30
9.36
16.37
14.56
18.32
22.06
12.96
10.31

14.23
12.93
23.63
11.37
9.40
16.99
14.83
18.69
22.02
13.38
10.25

14.17
12.87
21.94
11.37
9.44
16.86
14.88
18.53
22.20
13.43
10.35

14.32
12.98
21.41
11.41
9.51
17.05
15.00
18.94
22.20
13.54
10.24

567.18
535.08
927.25
465.56
352.87
699.00
562.02
776.77
930.93
540.43
390.75

569.20
528.84
952.29
444.57
349.68
708.48
563.54
790.59
953.47
535.20
360.80

571.05
535.39
888.57
457.07
350.22
696.32
568.42
780.11
952.38
542.57
379.85

581.39
545.16
862.82
459.82
347.12
719.51
576.00
801.16
950.16
555.14
371.71

Service-producing.......................

13.34

13.76

13.74

14.01

436.22

456.83

452.05

459.53

Transportation and public utilities...

16.31

16.89

16.95

16.97

631.20

650.27

647.49

649.95

Wholesale trade.......................

15.33

15.88

15.76

16.02

588.67

611.38

602.03

619.97

Retail trade..........................

9.58

9.77

9.78

9.92

275.90

288.22

286.55

284.70

Finance, insurance, and real estate...

15.11

15.85

15.84

16.07

545.47

581.70

571.82

589.77

Services..............................

14.00

14.46

14.45

14.76

455.00

478.63

473.96

482.65

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Sept.
2000

May
2001

June
2001

July
2001

Aug.
2001p

Sept.
2001p

Percent
change
from:
Aug. 2001Sept. 2001

Total private:
Current dollars..............
Constant (1982) dollars2.....

$13.84
7.88

$14.24
7.93

$14.31
7.95

$14.34
8.00

$14.41
8.04

$14.44
N.A.

0.2
(3)

Goods-producing...............
Mining......................
Construction................
Manufacturing...............
Excluding overtime4.......

15.47
17.24
17.97
14.44
13.73

15.86
17.54
18.22
14.78
14.09

15.90
17.73
18.28
14.81
14.13

15.93
17.74
18.26
14.86
14.18

16.02
17.67
18.36
14.93
14.24

16.03
17.59
18.37
14.95
14.28

.1
-.5
.1
.1
.3

Service-producing.............
Transportation and public
utilities................
Wholesale trade.............
Retail trade................
Finance, insurance, and real
estate...................
Services....................

13.34

13.76

13.84

13.87

13.93

13.97

.3

16.31
15.33
9.54

16.76
15.70
9.79

16.91
15.86
9.83

16.88
15.84
9.84

16.93
15.82
9.86

16.92
15.97
9.86

-.1
.9
.0

15.19
14.01

15.74
14.49

15.86
14.54

15.91
14.61

15.99
14.70

16.05
14.75

.4
.3

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was .5 percent from July 2001 to August 2001, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Sept.
2000

July
2001

Aug.
2001p

Sept.
2001p

Sept.
2000

May
2001

June
2001

July
2001

Aug.
2001p

Sept.
2001p

Total private....................

153.0

154.2

153.3

151.6

151.7

151.5

151.2

150.8

150.1

149.7

Goods-producing.........................

119.3

113.3

113.8

112.6

115.4

112.8

111.5

111.5

110.3

109.1

Mining................................

53.6

56.5

56.8

56.6

51.6

55.4

55.0

55.1

55.5

55.2

Construction..........................

197.7

206.7

204.7

Manufacturing.........................

106.5

96.6

97.7

199.3

183.6

192.5

190.1

190.3

188.9

187.2

97.3

104.7

99.1

98.1

98.0

96.7

95.5

Durable goods........................
Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

111.8
148.4
142.2
122.7
92.4

100.0
140.7
127.3
122.1
81.6

101.0
141.5
128.7
120.7
82.2

100.3
142.4
125.2
122.3
83.4

110.4
145.0
139.2
118.3
92.0

103.6
138.2
129.5
119.4
84.4

102.2
137.6
127.1
118.9
84.4

102.1
139.5
130.1
118.9
83.4

100.5
137.3
127.3
116.2
82.4

99.0
139.4
122.8
117.8
82.4

71.2
123.3
101.8

64.8
110.1
90.1

64.7
112.7
88.3

67.2
111.7
87.6

71.5
121.5
101.8

65.6
114.0
94.0

65.6
112.5
92.0

64.2
113.7
91.5

64.5
112.5
88.7

66.1
110.1
87.6

109.8
121.3
163.1
74.8
99.6

90.6
105.3
134.1
73.0
91.7

90.9
111.4
147.3
72.3
92.3

90.1
107.7
139.8
73.0
92.3

108.6
119.2
159.2
75.4
97.5

97.4
112.8
147.7
74.2
93.8

95.9
110.0
143.2
73.6
95.0

92.4
111.2
145.1
73.8
94.3

90.5
112.4
149.3
72.2
91.0

89.4
106.3
137.7
73.1
90.2

Nondurable goods.....................
Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

99.2
122.5
50.2
75.5
54.1
103.9
121.5
99.0
71.3
148.5
31.1

91.9
115.9
44.1
64.0
47.2
97.8
114.2
97.9
74.4
132.8
24.5

93.1
120.4
49.6
65.6
46.6
96.7
114.5
97.0
73.9
135.2
26.7

93.2
121.2
48.9
65.1
45.7
98.6
114.4
96.4
74.7
136.2
25.3

97.0
115.3
48.7
74.4
53.5
102.7
120.3
99.4
69.8
147.0
30.4

93.0
114.8
46.5
67.1
49.5
98.4
115.4
98.1
70.1
137.0
27.0

92.5
115.3
48.0
66.3
48.0
97.8
114.6
97.4
71.6
136.4
26.7

92.4
114.0
48.1
65.3
48.6
97.8
114.7
99.1
71.8
136.4
25.8

91.4
114.6
51.9
64.7
46.0
95.8
113.8
97.3
72.3
134.9
26.3

90.8
113.3
46.9
64.0
45.3
96.8
113.2
96.3
72.8
134.9
24.8

Service-producing.......................

168.1

172.6

171.1

169.2

168.0

168.9

169.0

168.4

167.9

168.0

Transportation and public utilities...

140.7

140.5

138.9

140.1

138.9

139.4

139.2

138.3

138.0

137.3

Wholesale trade.......................

132.3

132.7

131.3

131.9

132.1

131.0

131.2

130.6

130.6

131.2

Retail trade..........................

146.0

151.3

150.2

145.6

145.7

146.5

146.0

145.7

145.5

145.0

Finance, insurance, and real estate...

137.9

143.7

140.9

141.9

139.2

140.2

140.9

139.6

139.5

140.0

Services..............................

211.1

217.4

215.7

213.4

211.4

212.9

213.4

212.8

211.9

212.2

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 353 industries1

Over 1-month span:
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............

57.2
63.2
55.1
55.7
53.7

58.6
56.2
59.6
59.3
50.4

62.5
59.3
52.8
61.0
55.8

63.2
60.2
57.2
54.2
45.0

59.8
58.9
58.2
47.7
46.6

57.2
57.1
54.2
60.5
44.3

59.8
55.4
57.1
57.8
45.5

59.2
58.4
54.4
55.1
p43.5

62.7
54.8
55.2
52.0
p45.3

65.2
55.0
57.9
54.8

61.6
58.2
59.9
55.1

62.2
56.4
56.8
54.2

Over 3-month span:
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............

63.5
65.3
60.8
61.6
51.7

64.0
66.1
57.8
63.3
54.1

66.0
64.6
58.5
61.9
48.6

67.0
65.7
55.8
56.2
49.2

63.2
62.2
58.1
55.1
42.5

63.3
57.9
57.9
57.9
42.4

59.8
57.5
57.2
61.5
p40.7

65.6
58.4
59.2
56.4
p41.5

67.3
59.1
59.8
54.1

71.1
59.2
59.1
53.3

70.0
59.3
61.0
55.7

69.5
59.2
60.6
53.3

Over 6-month span:
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............

66.7
70.4
59.8
63.5
52.0

68.6
67.4
59.8
60.6
50.6

66.1
65.0
58.2
62.6
48.6

66.0
62.5
60.3
63.7
45.3

65.3
63.6
56.7
61.5
p43.5

65.9
60.5
59.2
55.5
p39.4

66.0
59.2
61.8
56.1

69.1
58.6
60.8
58.6

69.4
57.9
62.2
54.2

70.3
59.6
61.2
54.8

71.1
60.6
62.3
51.8

70.7
59.9
64.9
54.2

Over 12-month span:
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............

69.3
69.7
61.2
62.5
49.6

67.4
67.6
60.2
63.0
p47.5

68.4
67.4
58.2
61.8
p44.8

70.0
66.0
60.8
59.5

69.7
64.0
60.8
58.4

70.3
62.7
61.6
56.8

70.1
61.9
62.2
55.7

70.8
62.0
61.3
56.5

71.0
60.9
63.9
54.2

70.5
59.3
63.0
53.4

69.7
60.8
61.3
53.0

70.7
58.8
60.9
51.7

Manufacturing payrolls, 136 industries1

Over 1-month span:
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............

48.2
57.4
46.0
44.9
37.9

52.6
51.5
44.5
56.6
32.4

55.5
53.7
43.0
55.5
41.5

54.8
53.3
42.3
46.7
31.3

52.9
43.8
50.4
41.2
29.4

53.7
48.2
39.3
54.8
33.1

49.3
38.2
51.5
53.7
39.0

51.1
51.5
39.3
38.6
p28.3

57.7
41.9
45.2
34.6
p37.5

61.8
41.5
46.3
41.5

61.4
41.2
53.3
43.8

54.8
43.4
46.7
44.1

Over 3-month span:
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............

50.0
59.6
41.2
50.0
28.3

51.5
59.6
39.0
54.0
29.4

55.9
55.9
38.2
52.9
24.6

55.5
50.4
41.5
42.3
26.5

52.9
46.7
40.8
43.0
22.4

52.9
37.9
45.2
48.5
24.6

50.4
41.5
39.0
48.2
p21.3

54.8
41.5
45.2
33.8
p22.4

59.6
41.9
40.8
28.7

70.6
38.2
44.9
30.5

66.5
36.8
46.3
39.0

64.3
40.8
46.0
35.7

Over 6-month span:
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............

53.7
63.2
36.0
51.5
26.8

53.7
54.4
38.2
44.5
25.4

51.1
50.4
37.5
48.5
19.9

52.9
40.4
41.2
55.1
20.6

50.7
44.5
36.8
43.8
p20.6

50.7
40.1
39.7
34.9
p16.2

54.8
37.5
43.0
33.5

62.1
36.4
41.5
34.6

61.8
34.9
46.0
30.1

64.3
40.1
40.4
29.4

67.3
37.1
46.3
25.0

65.8
34.2
51.5
27.9

Over 12-month span:
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............
2001..............

55.1
54.8
38.6
46.3
19.1

52.6
52.2
34.6
45.2
p16.9

54.0
51.8
32.4
41.2
p15.1

54.4
46.7
36.0
37.9

55.5
40.4
37.9
33.8

57.0
40.1
39.0
31.3

57.0
38.2
40.1
31.3

58.8
37.5
40.4
31.3

59.2
36.4
44.5
27.6

57.7
34.6
46.0
25.4

57.4
35.7
44.9
24.3

57.7
34.2
44.5
21.0

1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.