Full text of The Employment Situation : September 2000

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USDL 00-284
Household data: (202) 691-6378

Establishment data:
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Friday, October 6, 2000.

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:

SEPTEMBER 2000

Total nonfarm employment rose by 252,000 in September, and the
unemployment rate declined to 3.9 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics
of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. After adjusting for the
net return of striking workers (75,000) and a further decline in the
number of temporary census jobs (27,000), nonfarm employment was up by
204,000. Job gains were very strong in the services industry, but the
overall employment change was tempered by widespread job losses in
manufacturing.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
Both the number of unemployed persons, 5.5 million, and the unemployment
rate, 3.9 percent, declined in September. Over the past year, the rate has
ranged from 3.9 percent to 4.1 percent. Over the month, the unemployment
rates decreased for adult women (3.5 percent) and blacks (7.0 percent).
Rates for the other major worker groups--adult men (3.2 percent), teenagers
(12.8 percent), whites (3.5 percent), and Hispanics (5.6 percent)--showed
little or no change. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment was little changed at 135.2 million, seasonally
adjusted, in September. The employment-population ratio--the proportion of
the population age 16 and older with jobs--was 64.3 percent, unchanged from
August. The civilian labor force, 140.6 million, and the labor force
participation rate, 66.9 percent, were both essentially unchanged in
September. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (those who
would have preferred full-time work) was 3.2 million in September. The
number of these involuntary part-time workers has ranged from 3.1 to 3.3
million since July 1999. (See table A-4.)
About 7.5 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one
job in September. These multiple jobholders represented 5.5 percent of total
employment, compared with 5.7 percent a year earlier. (See table A-10.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.2 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in September, about the same number as a year
earlier. These people wanted and were available to work and had looked for
a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as unemployed,
however, because they had not actively searched for work in the 4 weeks
preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was 250,000 in
September. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, were
not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs
were available for them. (See table A-10.)

- 2 Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
|
Quarterly
|
Monthly data
|
|
averages
|
|
|_________________|__________________________| Aug.Category
|
2000
|
2000
| Sept.
|_________________|__________________________|change
|
II
| III
| July | Aug. | Sept. |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA
|
Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 140,827| 140,593| 140,399| 140,742| 140,639|
-103
Employment..........| 135,200| 134,941| 134,749| 134,912| 135,161|
249
Unemployment........|
5,627|
5,652|
5,650|
5,829|
5,477|
-352
Not in labor force....| 68,550| 69,348| 69,329| 69,193| 69,522|
329
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........|
4.0|
4.0|
4.0|
4.1|
3.9|
-0.2
Adult men...........|
3.3|
3.2|
3.2|
3.2|
3.2|
.0
Adult women.........|
3.7|
3.6|
3.7|
3.8|
3.5|
-.3
Teenagers...........|
12.3|
13.5|
13.4|
14.4|
12.8|
-1.6
White...............|
3.4|
3.5|
3.5|
3.6|
3.5|
-.1
Black...............|
7.7|
7.6|
7.7|
8.0|
7.0|
-1.0
Hispanic origin.....|
5.6|
5.6|
5.6|
5.7|
5.6|
-.1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
|
Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 131,552|p131,630| 131,607|p131,516|p131,768|
p252
Goods-producing 1/..| 25,703| p25,668| 25,756| p25,643| p25,606|
p-37
Construction......|
6,676| p6,683|
6,670| p6,675| p6,705|
p30
Manufacturing.....| 18,488| p18,448| 18,548| p18,431| p18,365|
p-66
Service-producing 1/| 105,849|p105,962| 105,851|p105,873|p106,162|
p289
Retail trade......| 23,128| p23,191| 23,196| p23,188| p23,189|
p1
Services..........| 40,272| p40,586| 40,403| p40,578| p40,778|
p200
Government........| 20,827| p20,522| 20,606| p20,498| p20,462|
p-36
|________|________|________|________|________|________
|
Hours of work 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........|
34.5|
p34.4|
34.4|
p34.3|
p34.4|
p0.1
Manufacturing.......|
41.7|
p41.4|
41.7|
p41.3|
p41.2|
p-.1
Overtime..........|
4.7|
p4.5|
4.6|
p4.5|
p4.4|
p-.1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........|
151.2| p151.3|
151.4| p151.0| p151.4|
p0.4
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Earnings 2/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, |
|
|
|
|
|
total private.......| $13.67| p$13.79| $13.75| p$13.80| p$13.83| p$0.03
Avg. weekly earnings, |
|
|
|
|
|
total private.......| 471.50| p474.03| 473.00| p473.34| p475.75| p2.41
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.

- 3 Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 252,000 to 131.8 million in
September. Contributing to this increase was the net return of 75,000
striking workers to their jobs. At the same time, the number also reflects
the conclusion of 27,000 temporary census jobs. After adjusting for both
effects, payroll employment increased by 204,000 in September. (The strike
adjustment primarily reflects the return of 87,000 communications workers
who were off company payrolls in August, which was partly offset by new
strikes involving 12,000 workers.) So far this year, employment has
increased by an average of 192,000 per month compared to 229,000 per month
for all of 1999. (See table B-1.)
Employment in the services industry rose by 200,000 in September,
seasonally adjusted. Month-to-month growth in services employment has
varied widely this year, although the average monthly change (119,000) is
close to the monthly average for all of 1999. Employment in help supply
services increased by 69,000 in September, after showing little net growth
in the prior 3 months. Over the month, job gains continued in health
services and in engineering and management services. In September, as in
August, there were large employment increases in job training services
(within social services) and civic and social organizations (within
membership organizations) after seasonal adjustment; these increases
resulted from lighter-than-normal seasonal layoffs that followed weak
summer hiring.
Construction employment rose by 30,000 in September, seasonally adjusted,
following 3 months of very small gains. Seasonal declines in construction
usually begin in September. This year those seasonal layoffs were smaller
than normal, perhaps reflecting the relatively light hiring over the summer.
Thus far this year, construction employment has increased by 17,000 per month
on average, compared with 25,000 per month for all of 1999.
Employment in transportation and public utilities rose by 105,000 in
September, largely reflecting the return of 87,000 telephone communications
workers from a strike that kept them off payrolls during the August reference
period. Apart from the strike effect, employment in the communications
industry increased by 7,000, and the transportation industry continued to
grow.
Finance, insurance, and real estate employment rose by 16,000 in
September, following a similar gain in August. In the first 7 months of
the year, however, the industry had averaged monthly job losses of 4,000.
In September, security brokerages added 6,000 jobs, continuing a strong
growth trend. Employment also increased in mortgage brokerages and in real
estate.

- 4 Employment in manufacturing fell by 66,000 in September, following an
even larger decline of 117,000 in August, as revised. Part of September's
decline resulted from 10,000 workers being off payrolls due to strikes in
transportation equipment and food and kindred products during the survey
reference period. September's losses were widespread, with employment down
in both durable and nondurable goods manufacturing. Employment fell in
industrial machinery and equipment (9,000), apparel (9,000), rubber and
miscellaneous plastics (8,000), and fabricated metal products (6,000). The
only manufacturing industry to show consistent growth this year has been
electronic components, which added 4,000 jobs in September and has added
46,000 jobs since April 1999.
Retail trade employment was essentially unchanged in September, as gains
in most component industries were offset by losses in eating and drinking
places and in building materials stores. The number of jobs in eating and
drinking establishments declined for the second consecutive month, following
strong gains in June and July. Wholesale trade showed little change in
September.
Federal government employment fell in September, as 27,000 temporary
Census 2000 workers completed their assignments. As of September, only
about 6,000 temporary census workers remained on the federal government
payroll, down from a peak of 618,000 in May.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonfarm payrolls was up by 0.1 hour in September to 34.4 hours, seasonally
adjusted. The manufacturing workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 41.2 hours,
following a drop of 0.4 hour in August. In September, manufacturing
overtime declined by 0.1 hour for the second consecutive month to 4.4 hours.
(See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.3 percent to 151.4
(1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index fell by 0.7
percent to 104.6. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 3 cents in September to $13.83,
seasonally adjusted. Over the month, average weekly earnings increased
by 0.5 percent to $475.75. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by
3.6 percent and average weekly earnings grew by 3.3 percent. Twelve-month
growth rates in hourly earnings have been in the range of 3.5 to 3.8 percent
since February 1999. (See table B-3.)
-----------------------------The Employment Situation for October 2000 is scheduled to be released on
Friday, November 3, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).

- 5 Expansion of the Current Population Survey (Household Survey) Sample
The Census Bureau is expanding the monthly sample for the Current
Population Survey (CPS) in response to a legislative mandate under the
State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP). This expansion, which
will occur in 31 states and the District of Columbia, will increase the
total number of households eligible for the monthly survey from about
50,000 to about 60,000. The additional households are being introduced
into the survey over a 3-month period beginning with September 2000.
The SCHIP legislation requires that the Census Bureau improve state
estimates of the number of children who live in low-income families and
lack health insurance. The expansion of the monthly CPS sample is one part
of the Census Bureau's plan for improving the SCHIP estimates. Other parts
of the plan include an increase in the number of households that will be
asked the questions from the annual March supplement to the CPS, the source
of information on income and access to health insurance.
The Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) does not plan to use the expanded
sample for the official national labor force estimates until at least July
2001, after the data collected from the new households have been evaluated.
BLS will review estimates for November 2000 through April 2001 produced
from the expanded sample. If persistent differences are observed between
the estimates derived from the current and expanded samples during this
period of review, the use of the expanded sample in the official estimates
may be further delayed. The announcement of the final decision on whether
the expanded sample will be used in the official data for July 2001
(scheduled for release in August) will be made in early June.

- 6 Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2000,
the sample included about 300,000 establishments employing about 48 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall
need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.

- 7 Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication
individuals are counted only once, even if
the establishment survey, employees working
appearing on more than one payroll would be
appearance.

of individuals, because
they hold more than one job. In
at more than one job and thus
counted separately for each

Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December

- 8 period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 376,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is .21 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the

- 9 monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $16.00 per issue or
$40.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Employment status, sex, and age

Sept.
1999

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

Sept.
1999

210,161
140,357
66.8
135,033
64.3
3,510
131,523
5,324
3.8
69,804
4,184

208,265
139,475
67.0
133,650
64.2
3,179
130,471
5,825
4.2
68,790
4,352

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Agriculture.................................
Nonagricultural industries..................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................
Not in labor force..............................
Persons who currently want a job..............

208,265
139,217
66.8
133,555
64.1
3,342
130,214
5,661
4.1
69,048
4,196

209,935
141,425
67.4
135,601
64.6
3,656
131,945
5,824
4.1
68,510
4,441

209,371
140,489
67.1
134,715
64.3
3,298
131,417
5,774
4.1
68,882
4,412

209,543
140,762
67.2
135,179
64.5
3,321
131,858
5,583
4.0
68,781
4,254

209,727
140,399
66.9
134,749
64.2
3,299
131,450
5,650
4.0
69,329
4,478

209,935
140,742
67.0
134,912
64.3
3,344
131,569
5,829
4.1
69,193
4,213

210,161
140,639
66.9
135,161
64.3
3,340
131,821
5,477
3.9
69,522
4,349

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................

99,976 100,847 100,963
74,393 76,086 74,983
74.4
75.4
74.3
71,603 73,299 72,317
71.6
72.7
71.6
2,790
2,787
2,666
3.8
3.7
3.6

99,976 100,566 100,654 100,745 100,847 100,963
74,643 74,883 75,120 74,917 75,412 75,233
74.7
74.5
74.6
74.4
74.8
74.5
71,630 71,948 72,217 72,063 72,407 72,352
71.6
71.5
71.7
71.5
71.8
71.7
3,013
2,934
2,903
2,854
3,005
2,881
4.0
3.9
3.9
3.8
4.0
3.8

91,793
70,286
76.6
68,078
74.2
2,296
65,782
2,208
3.1

91,793
70,328
76.6
67,943
74.0
2,189
65,754
2,385
3.4

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Agriculture.................................
Nonagricultural industries..................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................

92,754
71,324
76.9
69,176
74.6
2,441
66,735
2,148
3.0

92,863
70,954
76.4
68,823
74.1
2,474
66,349
2,130
3.0

92,408
70,603
76.4
68,230
73.8
2,217
66,013
2,373
3.4

92,546
70,714
76.4
68,430
73.9
2,269
66,161
2,284
3.2

92,642
70,702
76.3
68,440
73.9
2,296
66,144
2,263
3.2

92,754
71,067
76.6
68,757
74.1
2,288
66,469
2,309
3.2

92,863
71,002
76.5
68,699
74.0
2,350
66,349
2,303
3.2

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,289 109,088 109,198 108,289 108,805 108,889 108,983 109,088 109,198
Civilian labor force............................ 64,823 65,339 65,374 64,832 65,606 65,642 65,482 65,330 65,406
Participation rate........................
59.9
59.9
59.9
59.9
60.3
60.3
60.1
59.9
59.9
Employed...................................... 61,952 62,302 62,716 62,020 62,767 62,962 62,686 62,505 62,809
Employment-population ratio...............
57.2
57.1
57.4
57.3
57.7
57.8
57.5
57.3
57.5
Unemployed....................................
2,871
3,037
2,658
2,812
2,839
2,680
2,796
2,824
2,597
Unemployment rate.........................
4.4
4.6
4.1
4.3
4.3
4.1
4.3
4.3
4.0
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,385 101,209 101,321 100,385 100,929 101,007 101,111 101,209 101,321
Civilian labor force............................ 61,053 60,909 61,552 60,860 61,614 61,596 61,508 61,260 61,386
Participation rate........................
60.8
60.2
60.7
60.6
61.0
61.0
60.8
60.5
60.6
Employed...................................... 58,753 58,369 59,370 58,630 59,248 59,278 59,222 58,949 59,268
Employment-population ratio...............
58.5
57.7
58.6
58.4
58.7
58.7
58.6
58.2
58.5
Agriculture.................................
833
883
787
778
864
834
792
824
744
Nonagricultural industries.................. 57,920 57,486 58,583 57,852 58,383 58,444 58,430 58,125 58,524
Unemployed....................................
2,299
2,539
2,182
2,230
2,367
2,318
2,286
2,311
2,118
Unemployment rate.........................
3.8
4.2
3.5
3.7
3.8
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.5
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population.............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Agriculture.................................
Nonagricultural industries..................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................

16,086
7,878
49.0
6,724
41.8
212
6,512
1,154
14.7

15,972
9,192
57.6
8,055
50.4
331
7,724
1,137
12.4

15,977
7,852
49.1
6,840
42.8
249
6,591
1,012
12.9

16,086
8,287
51.5
7,077
44.0
212
6,865
1,210
14.6

16,034
8,271
51.6
7,237
45.1
217
7,020
1,034
12.5

15,991
8,452
52.9
7,471
46.7
218
7,253
981
11.6

15,974
8,189
51.3
7,087
44.4
211
6,876
1,101
13.4

15,972
8,415
52.7
7,206
45.1
232
6,974
1,209
14.4

15,977
8,251
51.6
7,195
45.0
247
6,948
1,056
12.8

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin

(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Sept.
1999

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

Sept.
1999

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 173,432 174,587 174,745 173,432 174,197 174,316 174,443 174,587 174,745
Civilian labor force............................ 116,243 118,018 117,237 116,495 117,097 117,451 117,258 117,551 117,535
Participation rate..........................
67.0
67.6
67.1
67.2
67.2
67.4
67.2
67.3
67.3
Employed...................................... 112,241 113,845 113,334 112,303 112,988 113,484 113,156 113,352 113,450
Employment-population ratio.................
64.7
65.2
64.9
64.8
64.9
65.1
64.9
64.9
64.9
Unemployed....................................
4,002
4,173
3,903
4,192
4,108
3,967
4,103
4,199
4,085
Unemployment rate...........................
3.4
3.5
3.3
3.6
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.5
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

59,808
77.1
58,236
75.1
1,571
2.6

60,512
77.3
58,994
75.4
1,518
2.5

60,227
76.9
58,660
74.9
1,567
2.6

59,841
77.1
58,102
74.9
1,739
2.9

59,882
76.7
58,184
74.6
1,698
2.8

60,074
76.9
58,409
74.8
1,666
2.8

59,950
76.7
58,302
74.6
1,647
2.7

60,358
77.1
58,701
75.0
1,657
2.7

60,275
77.0
58,543
74.7
1,732
2.9

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

49,746
59.9
48,138
57.9
1,608
3.2

49,727
59.4
47,855
57.2
1,872
3.8

50,355
60.1
48,786
58.3
1,570
3.1

49,593
59.7
48,010
57.8
1,583
3.2

50,237
60.2
48,567
58.2
1,670
3.3

50,246
60.2
48,616
58.2
1,630
3.2

50,356
60.2
48,700
58.3
1,656
3.3

50,060
59.8
48,388
57.8
1,673
3.3

50,235
60.0
48,688
58.2
1,546
3.1

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................
Men.......................................
Women.....................................

6,690
52.5
5,867
46.0
823
12.3
12.4
12.2

7,779
61.3
6,996
55.1
783
10.1
10.6
9.4

6,654
52.4
5,888
46.4
766
11.5
11.9
11.1

7,061
55.4
6,191
48.6
870
12.3
12.7
11.9

6,978
54.9
6,237
49.1
740
10.6
10.7
10.5

7,130
56.1
6,458
50.8
672
9.4
11.2
7.4

6,953
54.7
6,153
48.4
800
11.5
12.6
10.3

7,133
56.2
6,264
49.3
869
12.2
13.3
11.0

7,025
55.3
6,219
49.0
806
11.5
12.2
10.7

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

24,946
16,494
66.1
15,113
60.6
1,381
8.4

25,258
16,630
65.8
15,269
60.5
1,361
8.2

25,299
16,426
64.9
15,244
60.3
1,182
7.2

24,946
16,474
66.0
15,114
60.6
1,360
8.3

25,161
16,596
66.0
15,261
60.7
1,335
8.0

25,191
16,577
65.8
15,275
60.6
1,302
7.9

25,221
16,456
65.2
15,190
60.2
1,266
7.7

25,258
16,512
65.4
15,190
60.1
1,322
8.0

25,299
16,403
64.8
15,246
60.3
1,156
7.0

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

7,216
72.4
6,711
67.3
506
7.0

7,337
72.4
6,824
67.4
513
7.0

7,285
71.8
6,826
67.3
458
6.3

7,205
72.3
6,696
67.2
509
7.1

7,261
72.0
6,736
66.8
524
7.2

7,263
72.0
6,761
67.0
502
6.9

7,292
72.1
6,803
67.3
489
6.7

7,337
72.4
6,797
67.1
540
7.4

7,274
71.7
6,813
67.1
461
6.3

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

8,361
66.9
7,774
62.2
587
7.0

8,215
64.9
7,656
60.4
559
6.8

8,239
64.9
7,740
61.0
499
6.1

8,316
66.5
7,759
62.1
557
6.7

8,384
66.5
7,801
61.9
583
7.0

8,347
66.1
7,792
61.7
554
6.6

8,217
65.0
7,691
60.8
525
6.4

8,230
65.0
7,710
60.9
520
6.3

8,197
64.6
7,724
60.9
472
5.8

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................
Men.......................................
Women.....................................

917
36.9
628
25.3
289
31.5
28.7
34.2

1,078
43.8
788
32.0
289
26.8
31.8
22.4

902
36.6
677
27.5
225
24.9
25.8
24.1

953
38.4
659
26.5
294
30.8
30.3
31.4

951
38.5
724
29.3
227
23.9
27.7
20.2

967
39.2
722
29.2
245
25.4
32.0
18.2

947
38.4
696
28.2
252
26.6
25.0
27.9

945
38.4
682
27.7
262
27.8
33.7
22.5

932
37.8
709
28.8
223
23.9
26.7
21.5

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

21,820
14,768
67.7
13,818
63.3
950
6.4

22,488
15,357
68.3
14,458
64.3
899
5.9

22,555
15,525
68.8
14,666
65.0
859
5.5

21,820
14,766
67.7
13,795
63.2
971
6.6

22,292
15,322
68.7
14,432
64.7
890
5.8

22,355
15,325
68.6
14,461
64.7
864
5.6

22,422
15,188
67.7
14,339
64.0
849
5.6

22,488
15,248
67.8
14,371
63.9
876
5.7

22,555
15,536
68.9
14,666
65.0
871
5.6

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January
2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Educational attainment
Sept.
1999

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

Sept.
1999

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

28,583
12,275
42.9
11,506
40.3
769
6.3

28,306
12,456
44.0
11,747
41.5
709
5.7

28,346
12,578
44.4
11,872
41.9
706
5.6

28,583
12,151
42.5
11,327
39.6
824
6.8

28,096
11,815
42.1
10,984
39.1
832
7.0

28,227
12,004
42.5
11,239
39.8
765
6.4

27,888
12,328
44.2
11,544
41.4
784
6.4

28,306
12,441
43.9
11,677
41.3
764
6.1

28,346
12,417
43.8
11,662
41.1
755
6.1

57,518
37,286
64.8
36,022
62.6
1,264
3.4

56,882
36,395
64.0
35,097
61.7
1,298
3.6

57,244
36,712
64.1
35,534
62.1
1,178
3.2

57,518
37,188
64.7
35,879
62.4
1,309
3.5

57,746
37,224
64.5
35,895
62.2
1,329
3.6

57,581
36,910
64.1
35,659
61.9
1,251
3.4

57,144
37,018
64.8
35,782
62.6
1,236
3.3

56,882
36,589
64.3
35,238
62.0
1,350
3.7

57,244
36,682
64.1
35,463
62.0
1,219
3.3

42,955
31,930
74.3
31,086
72.4
844
2.6

44,616
32,980
73.9
32,036
71.8
944
2.9

44,191
32,683
74.0
31,866
72.1
817
2.5

42,955
32,140
74.8
31,269
72.8
871
2.7

44,153
33,065
74.9
32,228
73.0
838
2.5

44,250
33,094
74.8
32,132
72.6
962
2.9

44,724
32,952
73.7
32,029
71.6
923
2.8

44,616
33,175
74.4
32,230
72.2
946
2.9

44,191
32,934
74.5
32,091
72.6
843
2.6

45,081
35,948
79.7
35,333
78.4
615
1.7

45,718
35,827
78.4
35,038
76.6
788
2.2

45,863
36,227
79.0
35,531
77.5
696
1.9

45,081
35,722
79.2
35,112
77.9
610
1.7

45,029
36,011
80.0
35,433
78.7
577
1.6

45,092
35,988
79.8
35,437
78.6
551
1.5

45,549
35,877
78.8
35,254
77.4
623
1.7

45,718
35,903
78.5
35,250
77.1
653
1.8

45,863
36,017
78.5
35,319
77.0
697
1.9

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
2 Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
3 Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Category

Sept.
1999

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

Sept.
1999

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 133,555 135,601 135,033 133,650 134,715 135,179 134,749 134,912 135,161
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,663 43,416 43,627 43,367 43,216 43,357 43,284 43,372 43,324
Married women, spouse present................... 33,403 32,912 33,503 33,275 33,786 33,824 33,618 33,413 33,402
Women who maintain families.....................
8,380
8,536
8,633
8,312
8,301
8,280
8,483
8,519
8,548
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty...........
Technical, sales, and administrative support....
Service occupations.............................
Precision production, craft, and repair.........
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............
Farming, forestry, and fishing..................

40,892
38,519
17,817
14,531
18,202
3,594

40,663
39,104
17,976
15,324
18,722
3,812

41,106
38,810
18,019
15,005
18,482
3,612

40,784
38,634
17,876
14,659
18,227
3,365

40,858
39,537
18,181
14,867
18,020
3,410

41,148
39,270
18,090
14,888
18,430
3,368

40,784
39,239
17,877
15,236
18,296
3,309

40,937
39,026
17,675
15,263
18,592
3,400

40,963
38,966
18,128
15,156
18,501
3,395

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers.......................
2,051
2,253
2,141
1,930
2,006
2,059
2,079
2,056
2,010
Self-employed workers.........................
1,246
1,356
1,328
1,198
1,252
1,175
1,182
1,258
1,288
Unpaid family workers.........................
44
46
42
40
38
50
40
37
39
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 121,255 123,181 122,545 121,583 122,860 123,002 122,681 122,773 122,992
Government.................................. 18,939 18,015 18,827 19,080 19,169 18,777 18,497 18,496 18,979
Private industries.......................... 102,316 105,166 103,718 102,503 103,691 104,225 104,184 104,277 104,013
Private households........................
1,006
753
784
1,035
953
957
807
716
812
Other industries.......................... 101,310 104,413 102,934 101,468 102,738 103,268 103,377 103,561 103,201
Self-employed workers.........................
8,864
8,658
8,878
8,791
8,714
8,665
8,609
8,590
8,799
Unpaid family workers.........................
95
105
99
100
82
71
80
116
105
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................
Slack work or business conditions...........
Could only find part-time work..............
Part time for noneconomic reasons.............

2,948
1,689
1,031
19,069

3,120
1,844
863
16,052

2,854
1,837
784
18,751

3,283
1,922
1,073
18,801

3,248
1,962
978
18,409

3,117
1,811
1,022
18,308

3,071
1,846
900
18,558

3,164
1,997
855
18,709

3,189
2,101
815
18,456

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................
Slack work or business conditions...........
Could only find part-time work..............
Part time for noneconomic reasons.............

2,814
1,596
1,015
18,490

3,005
1,774
843
15,480

2,724
1,747
769
18,147

3,112
1,806
1,063
18,273

3,096
1,840
962
17,853

2,967
1,713
994
17,743

2,940
1,750
881
18,041

3,038
1,924
838
18,190

3,021
1,983
804
17,879

NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates(1)

Category
Sept.
1999

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

Sept.
1999

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

Total, 16 years and over.........................
Men, 20 years and over.........................
Women, 20 years and over.......................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years.....................

5,825
2,385
2,230
1,210

5,829
2,309
2,311
1,209

5,477
2,303
2,118
1,056

4.2
3.4
3.7
14.6

4.1
3.4
3.8
12.5

4.0
3.2
3.8
11.6

4.0
3.2
3.7
13.4

4.1
3.2
3.8
14.4

3.9
3.2
3.5
12.8

Married men, spouse present....................
Married women, spouse present..................
Women who maintain families....................

965
897
567

899
1,002
546

919
946
477

2.2
2.6
6.4

1.9
2.9
6.5

1.9
2.6
6.1

2.0
2.8
5.6

2.0
2.9
6.0

2.1
2.8
5.3

Full-time workers..............................
Part-time workers..............................

4,568
1,228

4,631
1,194

4,386
1,081

4.0
5.0

3.9
5.3

3.8
4.8

3.7
5.3

4.0
5.0

3.8
4.6

752
1,407
598
1,242
190

803
1,634
489
1,270
233

739
1,380
540
1,207
192

1.8
3.5
3.9
6.4
5.3

1.8
3.7
3.4
6.3
5.5

1.6
3.6
3.5
6.1
5.0

1.9
3.6
3.5
6.3
5.7

1.9
4.0
3.1
6.4
6.4

1.8
3.4
3.4
6.1
5.4

4,626
1,356
40
526
790
492
298
3,270
223
1,413
182
1,452
392
116

4,503
1,260
22
531
707
369
338
3,242
255
1,421
194
1,373
449
190

4,316
1,264
29
519
717
374
343
3,052
274
1,299
157
1,321
390
170

4.3
4.8
6.7
6.9
3.9
4.0
3.9
4.1
2.8
5.2
2.3
4.1
2.0
5.7

4.2
4.2
4.2
5.8
3.7
3.6
3.7
4.2
3.2
5.1
2.4
4.1
2.0
7.6

4.0
4.1
3.5
5.9
3.4
3.5
3.1
4.0
2.7
5.2
2.3
3.8
2.5
7.3

4.1
4.3
5.1
5.9
3.6
3.3
4.0
4.1
3.2
5.0
2.1
4.0
2.1
7.0

4.1
4.4
4.6
6.5
3.5
3.1
4.3
4.1
3.1
5.1
2.5
3.8
2.4
8.5

4.0
4.5
5.8
6.4
3.6
3.1
4.4
3.8
3.3
4.7
2.0
3.6
2.0
7.8

CHARACTERISTIC

OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty..........
Technical, sales, and administrative support...
Precision production, craft, and repair........
Operators, fabricators, and laborers...........
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries...................
Mining.....................................
Construction...............................
Manufacturing..............................
Durable goods............................
Nondurable goods.........................
Service-producing industries.................
Transportation and public utilities........
Wholesale and retail trade.................
Finance, insurance, and real estate........
Services...................................
Government workers.............................
Agricultural wage and salary workers...........

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Duration
Sept.
1999

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

Sept.
1999

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

Less than 5 weeks................................
5 to 14 weeks....................................
15 weeks and over................................
15 to 26 weeks................................
27 weeks and over.............................

2,627
1,664
1,370
672
698

2,513
2,031
1,280
567
713

2,547
1,583
1,194
571
623

2,582
1,805
1,412
708
704

2,531
1,953
1,337
677
660

2,595
1,759
1,242
593
649

2,470
1,812
1,331
654
677

2,594
1,846
1,384
679
705

2,487
1,717
1,226
602
624

Average (mean) duration, in weeks................
Median duration, in weeks........................

13.1
6.0

12.9
6.5

12.1
5.2

13.0
5.9

12.6
5.8

12.4
5.8

13.3
6.0

13.0
6.2

11.9
5.2

100.0
46.4
29.4
24.2
11.9
12.3

100.0
43.2
34.9
22.0
9.7
12.2

100.0
47.8
29.7
22.4
10.7
11.7

100.0
44.5
31.1
24.3
12.2
12.1

100.0
43.5
33.5
23.0
11.6
11.3

100.0
46.4
31.4
22.2
10.6
11.6

100.0
44.0
32.3
23.7
11.7
12.1

100.0
44.5
31.7
23.8
11.7
12.1

100.0
45.8
31.6
22.6
11.1
11.5

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................
Less than 5 weeks..............................
5 to 14 weeks..................................
15 weeks and over..............................
15 to 26 weeks...............................
27 weeks and over............................
NOTE:

Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Reason
Sept.
1999

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

Sept.
1999

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

2,299
620
1,678
1,158
520
871
2,028
464

2,544
843
1,701
1,154
546
856
1,902
522

2,258
595
1,662
1,104
558
853
1,832
382

2,573
869
1,704
(1)
(1)
758
1,967
504

2,483
894
1,589
(1)
(1)
774
2,093
500

2,450
959
1,491
(1)
(1)
671
2,076
343

2,417
856
1,561
(1)
(1)
799
1,961
402

2,615
940
1,674
(1)
(1)
782
1,919
514

2,511
823
1,688
(1)
(1)
746
1,774
411

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

40.6
11.0
29.6
15.4
35.8
8.2

43.7
14.5
29.2
14.7
32.7
9.0

42.4
11.2
31.2
16.0
34.4
7.2

44.3
15.0
29.4
13.1
33.9
8.7

42.4
15.3
27.2
13.2
35.8
8.5

44.2
17.3
26.9
12.1
37.5
6.2

43.3
15.3
28.0
14.3
35.1
7.2

44.8
16.1
28.7
13.4
32.9
8.8

46.2
15.1
31.0
13.7
32.6
7.5

1.7
.6
1.5
.3

1.8
.6
1.3
.4

1.6
.6
1.3
.3

1.8
.5
1.4
.4

1.8
.6
1.5
.4

1.7
.5
1.5
.2

1.7
.6
1.4
.3

1.9
.6
1.4
.4

1.8
.5
1.3
.3

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs...........................................
On temporary layoff.............................
Not on temporary layoff.........................
Permanent job losers..........................
Persons who completed temporary jobs..........
Job leavers.......................................
Reentrants........................................
New entrants......................................
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed..................................
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs...........................................
On temporary layoff............................
Not on temporary layoff........................
Job leavers......................................
Reentrants.......................................
New entrants.....................................
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs...........................................
Job leavers......................................
Reentrants.......................................
New entrants.....................................

1 Not available.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)

Not seasonally
adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Measure

Sept.
1999

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

Sept.
1999

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................

1.0

.9

.9

1.0

1.0

.9

.9

1.0

.9

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force...................

1.7

1.8

1.6

1.8

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.9

1.8

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)......................

4.1

4.1

3.8

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.1

3.9

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers....

4.3

4.3

4.0

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................

4.9

4.9

4.6

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers.............................

7.0

7.0

6.6

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates(1)

Age and sex

Sept.
1999

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

Sept.
1999

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

Total, 16 years and over..........................
16 to 24 years..................................
16 to 19 years................................
16 to 17 years..............................
18 to 19 years..............................
20 to 24 years................................
25 years and over...............................
25 to 54 years................................
55 years and over.............................

5,825
2,226
1,210
531
690
1,016
3,618
3,147
461

5,829
2,128
1,209
566
644
919
3,700
3,219
486

5,477
1,977
1,056
519
554
921
3,518
3,009
518

4.2
10.0
14.6
16.1
13.8
7.2
3.1
3.2
2.6

4.1
9.8
12.5
16.0
10.4
8.2
3.0
3.1
2.4

4.0
9.0
11.6
13.1
10.6
7.5
3.0
3.1
2.3

4.0
9.2
13.4
16.5
11.5
6.8
3.0
3.2
2.4

4.1
9.4
14.4
17.1
12.6
6.4
3.1
3.2
2.6

3.9
8.7
12.8
15.7
11.2
6.4
3.0
3.0
2.8

Men, 16 years and over..........................
16 to 24 years................................
16 to 19 years..............................
16 to 17 years............................
18 to 19 years............................
20 to 24 years..............................
25 years and over.............................
25 to 54 years..............................
55 years and over...........................

3,013
1,163
628
283
341
535
1,859
1,575
292

3,005
1,201
695
283
415
506
1,802
1,541
275

2,881
1,104
578
295
279
527
1,778
1,518
265

4.0
9.9
14.6
16.6
13.2
7.2
3.0
3.0
2.9

3.9
10.0
13.1
16.9
10.8
8.3
2.8
2.8
2.6

3.9
9.5
14.1
15.6
13.3
6.8
2.8
2.9
2.2

3.8
9.6
14.0
17.4
11.9
7.1
2.8
2.8
2.4

4.0
10.1
16.0
16.9
15.5
6.7
2.8
2.9
2.7

3.8
9.3
13.6
17.4
11.0
6.9
2.8
2.8
2.6

Women, 16 years and over........................
16 to 24 years................................
16 to 19 years..............................
16 to 17 years............................
18 to 19 years............................
20 to 24 years..............................
25 years and over.............................
25 to 54 years..............................
55 years and over...........................

2,812
1,063
582
248
349
481
1,759
1,572
169

2,824
927
514
283
229
413
1,899
1,678
211

2,597
872
479
225
275
394
1,740
1,491
253

4.3
10.0
14.7
15.6
14.5
7.2
3.2
3.4
2.1

4.3
9.5
11.8
15.0
9.9
8.2
3.3
3.5
2.3

4.1
8.5
8.9
10.4
7.8
8.2
3.2
3.4
2.4

4.3
8.9
12.8
15.5
11.0
6.5
3.3
3.5
2.3

4.3
8.6
12.6
17.3
9.4
6.2
3.5
3.6
2.6

4.0
8.0
11.9
13.9
11.3
5.7
3.2
3.2
3.1

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

Total

Men

Women

Category
Sept.
1999

Sept.
2000

Sept.
1999

Sept.
2000

Sept.
1999

Sept.
2000

69,048
4,196
1,172

69,804
4,184
1,158

25,582
1,797
578

25,980
1,863
594

43,466
2,398
594

43,824
2,321
564

289
883

250
908

158
420

168
425

131
463

81
483

Total multiple jobholders(4)......................................
Percent of total employed.....................................

7,584
5.7

7,471
5.5

3,899
5.4

3,930
5.4

3,685
5.9

3,541
5.6

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................
Primary and secondary jobs both part time.....................
Primary and secondary jobs both full time.....................
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................

4,171
1,667
279
1,420

4,072
1,566
336
1,447

2,430
482
193
766

2,338
527
239
805

1,742
1,186
86
654

1,734
1,039
96
642

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force......................................
Persons who currently want a job................................
Searched for work and available to work now(1)...............
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2)....................
Reasons other than discouragement(3)....................
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Sept.
1999

July
2000

Aug.
2000p

Sept.
2000p

Sept.
1999

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000p

Sept.
2000p

Total1........................ 129,614 131,525 131,349 132,086 129,265 131,590 131,647 131,607 131,516 131,768
Total private.................... 109,589 112,008 112,050 111,823 109,042 110,578 110,845 111,001 111,018 111,306
Goods-producing.........................

25,810

26,083

26,113

25,964

25,460

25,684

25,700

25,756

25,643

25,606

Mining................................
Metal mining........................
Coal mining.........................
Oil and gas extraction..............
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels..

535
44.7
83.2
291.4
115.9

547
44.1
79.4
308.7
114.5

546
44.2
80.2
308.1
113.2

545
43.8
80.7
308.8
111.8

527
45
83
287
112

539
44
80
305
110

539
44
79
306
110

538
43
79
306
110

537
44
80
304
109

536
44
81
303
108

Construction..........................
6,704
7,036
7,050
6,976
General building contractors........ 1,491.6 1,571.8 1,574.2 1,542.6
Heavy construction, except building.
945.1
955.5
960.9
960.0
Special trade contractors........... 4,266.9 4,508.9 4,514.6 4,473.6

6,439
1,458
866
4,115

6,666
1,497
888
4,281

6,668
1,498
877
4,293

6,670
1,498
881
4,291

6,675
1,504
883
4,288

6,705
1,509
881
4,315

Manufacturing.........................
Production workers................

18,571
12,775

18,500
12,661

18,517
12,690

18,443
12,662

18,494
12,700

18,479
12,682

18,493
12,683

18,548
12,741

18,431
12,629

18,365
12,592

Durable goods........................
Production workers................
Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Computer and office equipment.....
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Electronic components and
accessories....................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Aircraft and parts................
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

11,103
7,592
837.6
550.9
571.0
697.5

11,112
7,566
833.9
554.1
579.1
693.1

11,100
7,564
829.9
557.4
576.3
693.7

11,060
7,557
821.8
556.3
572.3
692.9

11,090
7,580
830
551
563
697

11,106
7,584
828
558
566
699

11,120
7,593
827
558
568
699

11,161
7,629
825
564
571
698

11,086
7,568
818
557
566
695

11,045
7,543
814
557
564
692

226.8
226.7
226.6
225.3
1,518.2 1,527.3 1,535.8 1,531.8
2,127.5 2,132.0 2,123.5 2,118.1
369.7
363.1
363.6
361.4

(2)
1,518
2,133
370

(2)
1,535
2,125
360

(2)
1,540
2,130
360

(2)
1,539
2,137
361

(2)
1,538
2,132
363

(2)
1,532
2,123
361

1,671.3 1,713.8 1,717.6 1,713.8

1,670

1,693

1,697

1,719

1,719

1,712

635.3
672.4
675.5
678.4
1,879.3 1,838.7 1,819.4 1,809.9
1,027.8 1,006.3
997.7
991.7
482.2
458.3
455.0
456.5
851.3
849.3
850.0
846.1
398.7
390.9
396.2
396.6

636
1,880
1,025
483
852
396

654
1,863
1,026
463
845
394

661
1,864
1,030
460
844
393

670
1,863
1,029
460
849
396

675
1,818
993
456
848
395

679
1,811
989
457
846
394

7,468
5,183
1,727.7
39.1
553.6
684.1
666.2
1,548.4
1,031.3
134.8
1,005.2
77.5

7,404
5,120
1,673
38
552
678
666
1,551
1,031
133
1,005
77

7,373
5,098
1,675
37
545
660
661
1,552
1,028
132
1,008
75

7,373
5,090
1,679
37
542
652
663
1,558
1,028
132
1,008
74

7,387
5,112
1,680
37
544
656
662
1,561
1,026
131
1,014
76

7,345
5,061
1,669
34
541
644
660
1,560
1,023
133
1,006
75

7,320
5,049
1,664
36
539
635
657
1,560
1,026
131
998
74

Nondurable goods.....................
Production workers................
Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

7,388
5,095
1,703.8
33.7
540.5
643.5
664.0
1,562.3
1,029.7
134.4
1,003.6
72.7

7,417
7,383
5,126
5,105
1,728.6 1,718.0
34.1
36.8
541.2
540.1
646.8
641.5
661.8
657.4
1,559.9 1,556.7
1,027.1 1,026.2
135.5
133.5
1,007.2
999.0
74.6
73.7

Service-producing1...................... 103,804 105,442 105,236 106,122 103,805 105,906 105,947 105,851 105,873 106,162
Transportation and public utilities...
6,908
6,992
6,924
7,088
Transportation......................
4,478
4,506
4,521
4,601
Railroad transportation...........
228.2
220.5
221.1
221.7
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................
500.9
436.7
438.6
517.5
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,842.0 1,865.2 1,873.3 1,876.7
Water transportation..............
194.2
211.7
213.4
207.6
Transportation by air............. 1,233.3 1,282.6 1,284.4 1,286.2
Pipelines, except natural gas.....
12.6
12.7
12.6
12.4
Transportation services...........
466.5
476.7
477.5
479.3
Communications and public utilities.
2,430
2,486
2,403
2,487
Communications.................... 1,565.4 1,622.3 1,542.2 1,632.2
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services.......................
864.5
863.7
861.2
855.2

6,866
4,436
226

6,962
4,501
219

6,985
4,510
217

7,010
4,536
219

6,941
4,548
221

7,046
4,558
220

488
1,816
189
1,238
13
466
2,430
1,565

498
1,834
200
1,269
12
469
2,461
1,606

493
1,834
202
1,279
12
473
2,475
1,619

502
1,846
199
1,282
13
475
2,474
1,618

504
1,844
204
1,288
12
475
2,393
1,538

505
1,850
202
1,291
12
478
2,488
1,632

865

855

856

856

855

856

6,967
4,140
2,827
22,893

7,089
4,223
2,866
23,324

7,089
4,217
2,872
23,347

7,070
4,193
2,877
23,234

6,962
4,143
2,819
22,844

7,048
4,199
2,849
23,064

7,049
4,195
2,854
23,122

7,050
4,205
2,845
23,196

7,062
4,201
2,861
23,188

7,065
4,196
2,869
23,189

994.9
2,715.0
2,375.9
3,484.8

1,055.0
2,667.2
2,321.0
3,542.6

1,039.2
2,689.0
2,342.6
3,536.9

1,015.1
2,705.7
2,359.3
3,514.9

994
2,757
2,414
3,495

1,025
2,744
2,388
3,516

1,018
2,741
2,386
3,515

1,018
2,727
2,373
3,519

1,020
2,738
2,390
3,522

1,015
2,750
2,399
3,525

2,384.4 2,439.1 2,442.8 2,431.6
1,090.3 1,117.4 1,119.2 1,121.6
1,169.0 1,197.5 1,209.2 1,190.9

2,372
1,087
1,183

2,408
1,107
1,195

2,412
1,110
1,197

2,411
1,111
1,206

2,417
1,114
1,203

2,420
1,118
1,205

1,082.6 1,108.6 1,111.3 1,110.9
8,088.1 8,303.3 8,292.3 8,208.3
2,974.5 3,010.4 3,026.1 3,056.5

1,092
7,956
2,995

1,113
8,028
3,035

1,118
8,071
3,050

1,119
8,132
3,064

1,121
8,098
3,069

1,120
8,077
3,077

Finance, insurance, and real estate...
7,590
7,688
7,685
7,623
Finance.............................
3,692
3,736
3,735
3,717
Depository institutions........... 2,056.6 2,051.7 2,048.5 2,030.1
Commercial banks................ 1,472.0 1,461.3 1,459.8 1,444.3
Savings institutions............
249.3
241.5
240.4
238.2
Nondepository institutions........
708.0
685.4
684.1
684.7
Mortgage bankers and brokers....
351.3
321.6
320.3
321.8
Security and commodity brokers....
697.3
755.9
759.5
758.9
Holding and other investment
offices........................
229.6
242.9
242.6
243.6
Insurance...........................
2,372
2,367
2,365
2,352
Insurance carriers................ 1,607.2 1,594.6 1,592.7 1,581.8
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................
765.1
772.2
772.4
769.9
Real estate.........................
1,526
1,585
1,585
1,554

7,589
3,702
2,063
1,476
250
711
353
697

7,600
3,703
2,044
1,456
243
684
322
736

7,588
3,705
2,042
1,454
242
682
321
741

7,586
3,708
2,036
1,449
240
683
321
748

7,606
3,716
2,037
1,451
240
683
319
752

7,622
3,727
2,036
1,449
239
688
324
758

231
2,376
1,610

239
2,361
1,594

240
2,359
1,593

241
2,354
1,585

244
2,357
1,587

245
2,355
1,584

766
1,511

767
1,536

766
1,524

769
1,524

770
1,533

771
1,540

39,321
770
1,863
1,243
9,404
994
3,678
3,298

40,220
790
1,904
1,262
9,715
996
3,855
3,440

40,401
788
1,922
1,271
9,773
997
3,873
3,444

40,403
794
1,925
1,273
9,768
1,002
3,851
3,433

40,578
799
1,923
1,285
9,809
997
3,873
3,444

40,778
799
1,927
1,284
9,925
998
3,907
3,513

Wholesale trade.......................
Durable goods.......................
Nondurable goods....................
Retail trade..........................
Building materials and garden
supplies.........................
General merchandise stores..........
Department stores.................
Food stores.........................
Automotive dealers and service
stations.........................
New and used car dealers..........
Apparel and accessory stores........
Furniture and home furnishings
stores...........................
Eating and drinking places..........
Miscellaneous retail establishments.

Services3.............................
Agricultural services...............
Hotels and other lodging places.....
Personal services...................
Business services...................
Services to buildings.............
Personnel supply services.........
Help supply services............

39,421
811.8
1,915.6
1,207.4
9,468.3
1,000.8
3,738.4
3,354.5

40,832
879.6
2,084.0
1,227.3
9,807.0
1,008.5
3,866.8
3,451.7

40,892
870.4
2,074.1
1,239.0
9,929.4
1,007.2
3,968.2
3,541.0

40,844
842.7
1,983.3
1,247.0
9,963.9
1,004.6
4,009.5
3,574.1

Computer and data processing
services.......................
Auto repair, services, and parking..
Miscellaneous repair services.......
Motion pictures.....................
Amusement and recreation services...
Health services.....................
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................
Nursing and personal care
facilities.....................
Hospitals.........................
Home health care services.........
Legal services......................
Educational services................
Social services.....................
Child day care services...........
Residential care..................
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens...........................
Membership organizations............
Engineering and management services.
Engineering and architectural
services.......................
Management and public relations...
Services, nec.......................
Government1...........................
Federal1............................
Federal, except Postal Service1...
State...............................
Education.........................
Other State government............
Local...............................
Education.........................
Other local government............

1,859.8
1,187.7
376.7
611.4
1,760.1
10004.5

1,952.1
1,201.5
385.8
625.8
1,887.7
10172.1

1,866
1,186
377
619
1,672
10,015

1,929
1,192
383
632
1,755
10,104

1,933
1,191
384
635
1,789
10,116

1,950
1,194
384
634
1,795
10,143

1,954
1,198
385
635
1,808
10,157

1,958
1,200
386
634
1,793
10,183

1,885.5 1,936.3 1,941.1 1,942.5

1,888

1,928

1,928

1,930

1,933

1,945

1,787.2
3,984.8
634.5
995.1
2,240.6
2,825.7
709.8
782.0

1,795.1
4,030.4
641.4
1,008.2
2,331.7
2,984.3
774.7
830.0

1,785
3,989
635
1,000
2,294
2,823
701
785

1,788
4,005
641
1,006
2,356
2,946
758
816

1,786
4,008
642
1,009
2,374
2,945
760
820

1,787
4,018
645
1,012
2,374
2,919
768
826

1,792
4,020
645
1,014
2,389
2,960
776
828

1,793
4,034
642
1,013
2,388
2,995
765
833

98.5
111.7
110.1
103.2
2,407.7 2,501.4 2,473.0 2,427.3
3,266.1 3,442.4 3,449.1 3,435.3

98
2,430
3,283

101
2,438
3,390

103
2,441
3,415

103
2,429
3,411

103
2,433
3,435

102
2,450
3,454

958.4 1,023.0 1,025.3 1,015.3
1,047.7 1,117.1 1,122.6 1,124.6
51.6
54.2
52.7
52.5

956
1,044
(2)

995
1,096
(2)

1,005
1,110
(2)

1,007
1,107
(2)

1,010
1,116
(2)

1,013
1,121
(2)

20,223
2,655
1,785
4,714
1,978
2,736
12,854
7,299
5,555

21,012
3,238
2,374
4,737
1,983
2,754
13,037
7,395
5,642

20,802
3,092
2,230
4,716
1,967
2,749
12,994
7,361
5,633

20,606
2,819
1,954
4,744
1,994
2,750
13,043
7,394
5,649

20,498
2,657
1,790
4,763
2,000
2,763
13,078
7,400
5,678

20,462
2,624
1,761
4,767
1,997
2,770
13,071
7,390
5,681

20,025
2,647
1,784.4
4,687
1,941.7
2,745.4
12,691
7,149.5
5,541.8

1,948.9
1,201.4
387.6
645.4
2,122.8
10167.0

1,792.4
4,030.4
644.2
1,028.3
2,076.2
2,903.8
698.4
831.9

19,517
2,837
1,980.0
4,497
1,700.3
2,796.8
12,183
6,220.0
5,963.0

1,956.0
1,203.6
387.6
649.4
2,093.0
10173.6

1,797.2
4,026.8
643.2
1,019.4
2,055.1
2,920.2
711.3
832.5

19,299
2,659
1,802.1
4,504
1,706.4
2,797.4
12,136
6,229.6
5,906.0

20,263
2,614
1,759.2
4,741
1,961.4
2,779.5
12,908
7,241.1
5,666.4

1 Current employment levels in these series are affected by the hiring of temporary workers for Census 2000.
Estimates of these workers are 32,000, 72,000, 189,000, 262,000, 618,000, 480,000, 199,000, 33,000, and 6,000 in
January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, and September 2000 respectively. Preliminary estimates for
these series may be subject to larger than normal revisions.
2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
3 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Sept.
1999

July
2000

Aug.
2000p

Sept.
2000p

Sept.
1999

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000p

Sept.
2000p

Total private....................

34.3

34.9

34.7

34.4

34.5

34.4

34.5

34.4

34.3

34.4

Goods-producing.........................

40.9

40.9

Mining................................

44.3

45.3

41.1

41.3

41.2

40.9

40.9

41.1

40.8

40.5

45.0

45.4

44.3

44.1

44.7

45.3

44.6

44.7

Construction..........................

38.6

40.3

40.2

40.0

39.3

39.2

38.7

39.3

39.2

38.5

Manufacturing.........................
Overtime hours....................

41.7
4.9

41.1
4.4

41.4
4.6

41.7
4.8

41.8
4.7

41.4
4.5

41.6
4.6

41.7
4.6

41.3
4.5

41.2
4.4

Durable goods........................
Overtime hours....................

42.1
4.9

41.6
4.4

41.9
4.7

42.2
4.9

42.4
4.9

42.0
4.7

42.2
4.8

42.4
4.7

41.9
4.6

41.7
4.5

Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

40.9
40.3
44.0
44.3

40.7
39.2
43.8
43.5

40.8
39.8
43.8
43.4

40.7
40.1
43.9
43.8

41.1
40.4
43.5
44.5

40.7
40.3
43.0
43.8

40.8
39.9
42.9
43.9

41.1
39.7
43.7
44.3

40.3
39.4
43.2
43.6

40.2
39.2
43.1
43.6

44.9
41.9
41.7

44.9
41.7
41.9

44.1
42.0
41.9

44.0
42.4
42.1

45.0
42.3
42.4

44.7
42.3
42.2

45.0
42.4
42.5

45.2
42.6
42.6

44.2
42.0
42.1

44.1
41.9
41.8

41.3
43.9
45.4
41.1
39.7

41.1
41.9
42.0
41.0
38.9

41.1
43.1
44.1
41.0
39.6

41.5
43.5
44.4
41.3
39.9

41.6
44.0
45.4
41.5
39.9

41.3
43.2
44.2
41.2
39.3

41.4
44.0
45.3
41.3
39.4

41.9
43.9
44.5
41.6
39.7

41.1
43.4
44.6
41.1
39.5

41.1
42.7
43.3
41.3
39.4

Nondurable goods.....................
Overtime hours....................

41.0
4.8

40.4
4.3

40.6
4.4

41.0
4.7

41.0
4.4

40.6
4.3

40.7
4.3

40.7
4.3

40.6
4.2

40.5
4.2

Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

42.1
39.9
40.7
36.8
43.7
38.6
43.3
43.2
41.6
37.4

41.2
39.5
40.5
36.8
42.2
37.8
42.9
45.0
40.7
36.3

41.7
40.2
41.0
37.0
42.1
38.0
42.9
44.1
41.0
37.9

42.2
41.5
41.0
36.9
42.7
38.4
43.1
44.7
41.4
37.9

41.7
40.2
40.9
37.4
43.4
38.3
43.2
(2)
41.8
37.5

41.2
39.6
41.1
37.1
42.8
38.0
42.7
(2)
41.3
38.2

41.5
39.4
41.1
37.0
42.8
38.2
42.9
(2)
41.4
37.8

41.2
40.5
41.2
37.3
42.4
38.1
43.4
(2)
41.4
37.1

41.5
39.9
40.8
36.9
42.4
37.9
43.0
(2)
41.2
37.2

41.4
40.6
40.7
36.7
42.4
37.9
42.9
(2)
41.1
37.3

Service-producing.......................

32.6

33.4

33.1

32.7

32.8

32.7

32.9

32.7

32.7

32.8

Transportation and public utilities...

38.5

39.2

38.9

38.9

38.6

38.4

38.4

38.8

38.4

38.7

Wholesale trade.......................

38.2

38.8

38.3

38.4

38.4

38.6

38.6

38.5

38.3

38.5

Retail trade..........................

28.8

29.8

29.5

28.8

28.8

28.8

29.0

28.8

28.8

28.8

Finance, insurance, and real estate...

36.1

36.7

36.1

36.1

36.4

36.2

36.5

36.3

36.2

36.4

Services..............................

32.3

33.0

32.9

32.5

32.6

32.6

32.7

32.5

32.6

32.7

1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry
Sept.
1999

July
2000

Aug.
2000p

Sept.
2000p

Sept.
1999

July
2000

Aug.
2000p

Sept.
2000p

Total private....................
Seasonally adjusted.............

$13.38
13.35

$13.68
13.75

$13.67
13.80

$13.88
13.83

$458.93
460.58

$477.43
473.00

$474.35
473.34

$477.47
475.75

Goods-producing.........................

15.08

15.48

15.50

15.62

616.77

633.13

637.05

645.11

Mining................................

17.13

17.13

16.94

17.19

758.86

775.99

762.30

780.43

Construction..........................

17.46

17.95

18.05

18.19

673.96

723.39

725.61

727.60

Manufacturing.........................

14.11

14.37

14.38

14.51

588.39

590.61

595.33

605.07

Durable goods........................
Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

14.62
11.56
11.33
14.10
16.18

14.86
11.87
11.80
14.42
16.68

14.94
11.83
11.82
14.41
16.55

15.06
11.90
11.89
14.54
16.67

615.50
472.80
456.60
620.40
716.77

618.18
483.11
462.56
631.60
725.58

625.99
482.66
470.44
631.16
718.27

635.53
484.33
476.79
638.31
730.15

18.99
13.64
15.24

19.78
13.82
15.61

19.49
13.90
15.66

19.63
14.03
15.74

852.65
571.52
635.51

888.12
576.29
654.06

859.51
583.80
656.15

863.72
594.87
662.65

13.64
18.50
18.96
14.29
11.43

13.79
18.66
19.07
14.65
11.65

13.79
19.04
19.61
14.63
11.62

13.88
19.25
19.78
14.72
11.73

563.33
812.15
860.78
587.32
453.77

566.77
781.85
800.94
600.65
453.19

566.77
820.62
864.80
599.83
460.15

576.02
837.38
878.23
607.94
468.03

Nondurable goods.....................
Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

13.33
12.18
18.90
10.78
9.01
16.24
13.98
17.67
21.55
12.51
9.95

13.61
12.46
21.08
10.97
9.06
16.29
14.29
18.17
21.24
12.84
10.08

13.53
12.40
20.92
10.98
9.08
16.18
14.29
18.00
21.01
12.81
10.15

13.67
12.55
19.15
11.08
9.19
16.31
14.47
18.12
21.39
12.90
10.26

546.53
512.78
754.11
438.75
331.57
709.69
539.63
765.11
930.96
520.42
372.13

549.84
513.35
832.66
444.29
333.41
687.44
540.16
779.49
955.80
522.59
365.90

549.32
517.08
840.98
450.18
335.96
681.18
543.02
772.20
926.54
525.21
384.69

560.47
529.61
794.73
454.28
339.11
696.44
555.65
780.97
956.13
534.06
388.85

Service-producing.......................

12.82

13.12

13.10

13.33

417.93

438.21

433.61

435.89

Transportation and public utilities...

15.80

16.19

16.22

16.28

608.30

634.65

630.96

633.29

Wholesale trade.......................

14.68

15.25

15.16

15.35

560.78

591.70

580.63

589.44

Retail trade..........................

9.19

9.38

9.41

9.57

264.67

279.52

277.60

275.62

Finance, insurance, and real estate...

14.64

15.01

14.99

15.11

528.50

550.87

541.14

545.47

Services..............................

13.45

13.74

13.70

13.96

434.44

453.42

450.73

453.70

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Sept.
1999

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000p

Sept.
2000p

Percent
change
from:
Aug. 2000Sept. 2000

Total private:
Current dollars..............
Constant (1982) dollars2.....

$13.35
7.86

$13.66
7.87

$13.70
7.85

$13.75
7.86

$13.80
7.90

$13.83
N.A.

0.2
(3)

Goods-producing...............
Mining......................
Construction................
Manufacturing...............
Excluding overtime4.......

14.96
17.14
17.26
14.04
13.29

15.29
17.25
17.75
14.27
13.53

15.34
17.24
17.77
14.36
13.60

15.40
17.23
17.90
14.39
13.64

15.46
17.05
17.94
14.44
13.69

15.47
17.19
17.98
14.44
13.74

.1
.8
.2
.0
.4

Service-producing.............
Transportation and public
utilities................
Wholesale trade.............
Retail trade................
Finance, insurance, and real
estate...................
Services....................

12.83

13.15

13.19

13.23

13.28

13.33

.4

15.79
14.70
9.16

16.22
15.02
9.39

16.28
15.16
9.43

16.17
15.22
9.45

16.26
15.23
9.50

16.27
15.37
9.54

.1
.9
.4

14.71
13.46

15.01
13.79

15.05
13.82

15.03
13.89

15.12
13.94

15.18
13.97

.4
.2

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series. The data in this series have been revised from January 2000 through August
2000 due to corrections in the CPI-W.
3 Change was .5 percent from July 2000 to August 2000, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Sept.
1999

July
2000

Aug.
2000p

Sept.
2000p

Sept.
1999

May
2000

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000p

Sept.
2000p

Total private....................

148.6

155.0

154.2

152.6

148.6

150.5

151.3

151.4

151.0

151.4

Goods-producing.........................

117.3

118.5

119.3

119.1

116.0

116.3

116.3

117.4

115.7

114.8

Mining................................

51.2

52.7

52.2

52.5

50.2

50.7

51.4

51.9

50.6

50.6

Construction..........................

183.3

201.0

201.1

Manufacturing.........................

107.3

104.9

105.9

197.6

177.5

183.6

181.4

184.1

183.3

181.2

106.4

107.1

106.0

106.4

107.2

105.3

104.6

Durable goods........................
Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

111.5
148.5
139.1
118.7
91.4

109.7
147.1
135.4
119.3
89.3

110.5
146.7
138.4
118.8
89.4

111.1
144.7
139.3
118.5
90.2

112.1
147.8
139.4
115.4
91.9

111.2
146.1
140.9
114.6
91.0

111.8
145.8
139.5
114.1
91.0

113.0
146.7
140.1
117.3
91.9

110.5
142.6
137.2
114.9
90.1

109.6
141.3
136.2
114.1
89.7

71.1
118.4
102.7

71.1
118.7
104.1

70.2
120.3
103.8

69.5
121.3
104.4

71.5
119.6
104.9

70.6
121.2
104.5

70.7
121.9
105.7

71.4
123.3
106.5

70.2
120.7
105.3

69.7
119.9
103.9

106.9
127.2
172.2
75.2
103.6

107.4
117.8
153.6
73.8
97.5

107.9
119.8
159.9
74.1
100.7

109.3
121.1
161.5
74.2
101.6

107.5
127.5
172.0
76.1
102.9

107.1
123.6
166.4
74.0
100.2

107.8
125.9
171.2
74.3
100.1

110.4
125.7
167.7
75.2
100.9

108.3
120.6
161.7
74.3
100.4

108.0
119.1
157.6
74.3
99.4

Nondurable goods.....................
Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

101.6
123.7
55.5
79.3
58.7
107.7
122.6
103.4
73.5
147.0
33.2

98.2
118.5
43.2
77.0
55.2
103.7
121.6
101.9
66.5
143.4
29.6

99.5
122.4
44.4
77.9
55.8
103.2
122.3
101.3
64.8
145.5
32.0

100.0
123.2
52.3
77.9
55.1
104.1
123.1
102.2
65.2
145.9
31.5

100.2
117.4
53.7
79.5
59.1
106.9
121.8
103.3
71.3
147.7
32.8

98.9
116.3
49.0
78.7
57.2
104.8
121.7
102.1
64.0
146.8
32.3

99.0
117.3
48.8
78.6
56.1
105.2
122.4
102.0
62.9
147.6
31.9

99.4
117.1
50.2
78.9
57.3
103.8
122.7
103.2
64.6
148.5
31.9

98.1
116.2
43.5
77.6
55.5
103.6
122.0
101.6
63.0
146.1
31.4

97.7
115.9
50.3
77.1
54.3
103.4
122.0
101.8
62.2
144.8
30.9

Service-producing.......................

162.6

171.3

169.9

167.6

163.2

165.9

167.0

166.6

166.8

167.8

Transportation and public utilities...

134.9

139.5

136.9

140.3

134.3

136.1

136.4

138.7

135.8

138.9

Wholesale trade.......................

130.4

134.7

133.0

132.8

130.8

133.1

133.0

132.6

132.2

132.8

Retail trade..........................

142.9

150.8

149.4

144.7

142.5

143.9

145.3

144.7

144.6

144.5

Finance, insurance, and real estate...

138.1

143.1

140.5

139.0

139.6

138.7

139.8

139.2

139.2

140.4

Services..............................

201.4

214.2

213.4

210.5

202.9

207.9

209.5

208.4

210.0

211.2

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1

Over 1-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

50.4
57.3
63.2
54.1
60.8

64.5
59.7
56.6
58.8
54.1

60.3
62.8
60.5
53.9
60.7

54.8
63.2
58.7
59.6
56.5

62.6
57.7
58.3
52.8
45.9

61.5
57.7
59.7
57.9
56.2

57.3
61.2
53.9
58.8
58.7

61.0
60.1
58.1
53.8
p50.8

57.9
61.5
56.2
57.3
p52.4

62.6
65.3
53.8
60.7

59.3
62.1
59.0
60.8

60.0
61.2
57.4
59.0

Over 3-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

61.1
62.6
64.3
58.3
61.0

62.6
64.0
66.6
57.3
62.6

63.6
66.3
63.2
58.4
61.9

63.1
66.7
66.3
54.4
57.4

63.3
63.2
63.6
57.3
56.7

64.9
62.1
58.0
58.8
58.3

64.2
61.5
57.4
58.1
p56.9

61.4
66.2
57.9
60.7
p54.8

65.2
67.4
59.7
59.6

64.3
69.4
58.1
63.5

65.4
69.0
58.6
64.3

63.3
69.1
59.4
63.1

Over 6-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

62.5
66.3
69.8
60.0
65.6

64.6
67.0
67.4
58.0
60.8

65.6
66.6
65.2
57.6
61.0

64.6
66.3
61.8
58.6
61.9

64.5
65.6
62.9
54.4
p59.1

64.5
67.1
61.4
59.7
p54.8

67.3
66.3
59.0
60.4

65.7
68.5
58.4
62.1

65.2
69.0
57.4
64.0

67.1
70.4
59.7
62.8

66.0
69.7
59.3
65.2

67.4
70.4
59.1
64.6

Over 12-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

64.5
69.0
69.7
60.3
64.9

66.7
67.3
67.3
58.3
p63.5

64.5
68.3
67.3
57.6
p60.1

65.6
69.7
65.9
59.4

68.5
69.5
63.9
59.6

67.3
70.1
62.5
60.5

67.7
70.1
61.5
61.9

66.4
70.4
62.1
61.0

68.0
70.5
61.0
62.6

69.9
70.1
59.8
62.9

68.7
69.4
59.8
62.5

66.9
70.4
58.1
63.2

Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1

Over 1-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

44.6
49.6
57.9
45.0
52.2

54.7
52.5
50.7
41.0
47.8

48.2
56.1
53.6
42.8
51.1

42.1
54.0
50.7
46.4
51.1

55.4
51.4
47.1
40.3
45.7

52.2
54.3
50.0
46.4
51.1

47.8
50.7
37.8
54.7
57.6

54.3
53.6
50.0
38.1
p37.4

50.0
56.5
45.7
46.4
p37.4

56.1
61.9
39.9
51.8

50.4
60.4
41.7
51.4

53.2
55.4
43.9
50.4

Over 3-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

44.2
50.7
56.8
36.7
47.8

47.8
53.2
56.8
37.1
52.5

44.6
55.8
52.2
37.1
49.3

45.7
56.1
52.2
34.5
48.9

47.1
53.2
48.6
37.8
49.6

51.4
52.5
41.4
43.5
53.6

50.4
52.5
39.2
39.9
p44.6

49.6
55.8
40.3
45.0
p34.2

55.4
59.7
43.2
42.1

53.2
66.5
37.1
50.4

55.0
64.7
36.7
51.1

49.6
64.0
40.6
50.7

Over 6-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

41.7
53.2
60.1
35.6
51.4

45.0
53.2
54.3
33.5
47.5

46.8
52.5
50.4
33.5
50.4

46.0
52.9
39.9
37.1
53.6

45.3
51.8
43.5
32.7
p45.3

47.8
53.2
42.1
38.8
p34.9

53.2
54.7
38.8
41.0

50.4
61.2
36.7
45.7

50.7
61.2
36.0
48.2

53.2
64.4
39.9
43.2

51.8
64.7
34.5
48.6

54.7
63.7
32.7
51.1

Over 12-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

43.5
54.7
55.0
37.4
47.8

47.5
52.5
51.8
32.4
p44.2

45.3
54.0
51.8
31.7
p36.3

45.3
54.0
46.8
35.3

50.4
55.4
40.6
36.0

49.6
56.8
39.9
37.1

50.4
57.2
37.8
38.8

48.6
57.9
38.1
39.6

51.1
58.3
37.1
42.4

55.0
56.8
36.0
42.4

54.3
56.8
34.2
42.4

50.7
57.2
33.5
46.0

1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.