Full text of The Employment Situation : September 1999
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Internet address: http://stats.bls.gov/newsrels.htm Technical information: USDL 99-286 Household data:(202) 606-6378 Establishment data: Media contact: 606-6555 606-5902 Transmission of material in this release is embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EDT), Friday, October 8, 1999. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: SEPTEMBER 1999 Payroll employment was essentially unchanged in September, and the unemployment rate remained at 4.2 percent, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Employment declined in manufacturing and retail trade, and the services industry added relatively few jobs over the month. Average hourly earnings rose by 7 cents in September, following a 2-cent increase in August. Unemployment (Household Survey Data) The number of unemployed persons, 5.8 million, was essentially unchanged in September, and the unemployment rate held at 4.2 percent. The rate has been 4.2 or 4.3 percent each month since March. The jobless rates for most major demographic groups--adult men (3.4 percent), adult women (3.7 percent), whites (3.6 percent), blacks (8.3 percent), and Hispanics (6.7 percent)-showed little or no change from August. The rate for teenagers rose to 15.0 percent in September. (See tables A-1 and A-2.) Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) The civilian labor force, at 139.4 million, was essentially unchanged in September. The labor force participation rate held at 66.9 percent. Total employment also was about unchanged, at 133.6 million, and the employmentpopulation ratio remained at 64.1 percent. (See table A-1.) About 7.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held more than one job in September. These multiple jobholders represented 5.7 percent of the total employed, down from 6.0 percent a year earlier. (See table A-10.) Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data) About 1.2 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally attached to the labor force in September, down from 1.4 million a year earlier. These were people who wanted and were available to work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but were not counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers--a subset of the marginally attached who were not currently looking for work specifically because they believed no jobs were available for them--was 289,000 in September. (See table A-10.) - 2 Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) ___________________________________________________________________________ | Quarterly | Monthly data | | averages | | |_________________|__________________________| Aug.Category | 1999 | 1999 | Sept. |_________________|________ _________________|change | II | III | July | Aug. | Sept. | ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ HOUSEHOLD DATA | Labor force status |____________________________________________________ Civilian labor force..| 139,173| 139,301| 139,254| 139,264| 139,386| 122 Employment..........| 133,242| 133,423| 133,307| 133,411| 133,550| 139 Unemployment........| 5,931| 5,879| 5,947| 5,853| 5,836| -17 Not in labor force....| 68,259| 68,743| 68,574| 68,774| 68,879| 105 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Unemployment rates |____________________________________________________ All workers...........| 4.3 | 4.2| 4.3| 4.2| 4.2| .0 Adult men...........| 3.5 | 3.5| 3.5| 3.6| 3.4| -0.2 Adult women.........| 3.9 | 3.8| 4.0| 3.7| 3.7| .0 Teenagers...........| 13.4 | 13.7| 12.7| 13.5| 15.0| 1.5 White...............| 3.8 | 3.7| 3.7| 3.7| 3.6| -.1 Black...............| 7.5 | 8.3| 8.8| 7.8| 8.3| .5 Hispanic origin.....| 6.8 | 6.5| 6.2| 6.5| 6.7| .2 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ ESTABLISHMENT DATA | Employment |____________________________________________________ Nonfarm employment....| 128,246|p128,882| 128,816|p128,919|p128,911| p-8 Goods-producing 1/..| 25,222| p25,176| 25,247| p25,140| p25,141| p1 Construction......| 6,258| p6,260| 6,270| p6,245| p6,266| p21 Manufacturing.....| 18,433| p18,391| 18,449| p18,372| p18,351| p-21 Service-producing 1/| 103,024|p103,706| 103,569|p103,779|p103,770| p-9 Retail trade......| 22,756| p22,873| 22,903| p22,882| p22,833| p-49 Services..........| 38,810| p39,165| 39,055| p39,201| p39,240| p39 Government........| 20,094| p20,180| 20,153| p20,205| p20,182| p-23 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Hours of work 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 34.4| p34.5| 34.5| p34.5| p34.4| p-0.1 Manufacturing.......| 41.7| p41.8| 41.9| p41.8| p41.8| p.0 Overtime..........| 4.5| p4.7| 4.7| p4.7| p4.7| p.0 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/ |____________________________________________________ Total private.........| 147.3| p148.1| 148.3| p148.4| p147.7| p-0.7 |________|________|________|________|________|_______ | Earnings 2/ |____________________________________________________ Avg. hourly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| $13.19| p$13.32| $13.28| p$13.30| p$13.37| p$0.07 Avg. weekly earnings, | | | | | | total private.......| 454.06| p458.98| 458.16| p458.85| p459.93| p1.08 ______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______ 1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately. 2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers. p=preliminary. - 3 Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data) Nonfarm payroll employment was essentially unchanged in September at 128.9 million, seasonally adjusted. For the third quarter, the average monthly payroll employment increase was 156,000, compared with an average monthly gain of 210,000 over the first half of the year. The widespread flooding and other serious problems caused by Hurricane Floyd during the survey reference period negatively affected employment in some industries. (In the establishment survey, persons who are on unpaid absence from work for the entire reference period are not counted as employed.) Still, employment growth was relatively slow even in the areas of the country and industries that appear to have been unaffected by the hurricane. (See table B-1.) In the goods-producing sector, manufacturing lost 21,000 jobs in September. Employment declined, on average, 15,000 per month in the third quarter of this year, compared with 36,000 per month during the first half of the year. In September, job losses continued in industrial machinery, aircraft, apparel, and textiles. Employment in food and kindred products rose by 11,000, but this followed a decline of 17,000 in the previous month. Since January, the food processing industry has lost 24,000 jobs. In contrast, employment in electrical equipment manufacturing increased by 6,000 in September and has had a net gain of 10,000 jobs since June. In the first half of the year, the industry lost 12,000 jobs. Construction employment increased by 21,000 in September, seasonally adjusted, following a decline of about the same magnitude in August. Employment in mining was essentially unchanged over the month. The number of jobs in oil and gas extraction held steady in the third quarter, following sharp losses in the first half of the year. In the service-producing sector, employment in the services industry grew by only 39,000 in September, well below the average monthly gain of 126,000 for the prior 12 months. The disruptions caused by Hurricane Floyd may have contributed to employment declines or below-average growth in personnel supply services, amusements and recreation, social services, and membership organizations. In some other services industries, below-average growth in September appears to be unrelated to the hurricane. These include health services and engineering and management services. In contrast, computer services continued its rapid growth, adding 12,000 jobs. Employment in retail trade declined by 49,000 in September, the second consecutive monthly decline; during the first 7 months of the year, the average monthly employment gain in the industry was 54,000. Some of the employment declines in eating and drinking places and other retail establishments may have been related to the hurricane. For the fifth consecutive month, department stores lost jobs; since April, employment in the industry has fallen by 49,000. Employment in wholesale trade was essentially unchanged in September. - 4 Transportation and public utilities added 20,000 jobs in September, nearly all of which were in trucking and air transportation. Employment had been weak in both industries in August. In September, employment in finance, insurance, and real estate was virtually unchanged. Mortgage banking lost 6,000 jobs, the fourth monthly decrease in a row after 4 years of growth. Real estate employment was little changed in September and has shown a net increase of just 3,000 since June. In contrast, the industry added 25,000 jobs during the first half of the year. State and local government employment declined in September, partly offsetting gains in the prior month. Federal government employment continued its downward trend. Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data) The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour in September to 34.4 hours, seasonally adjusted. Both the manufacturing workweek and overtime were unchanged at 41.8 and 4.7 hours, respectively. (See table B-2.) The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls declined by 0.5 percent to 147.7 (1982=100), seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index declined by 0.2 percent in September to 106.2. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data) Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 7 cents in September to $13.37, seasonally adjusted. In each of the first 3 quarters of the year, average hourly earnings increased by 13 cents. In September, average weekly earnings rose by 0.2 percent to $459.93, seasonally adjusted. Over the year, average hourly earnings increased by 3.8 percent, and average weekly earnings rose by 3.5 percent. (See table B-3.) _________________________ The Employment Situation for October 1999 is scheduled to be released on Friday, November 5, at 8:30 A.M. (EST). - 5 Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 50,000 households conducted by the Bureau of the Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 1999, the sample included about 390,000 establishments employing about 48 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory workers in the service-producing sector. - 6 Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: --The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. --The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. --The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. --The household survey has no duplication individuals are counted only once, even if the establishment survey, employees working appearing on more than one payroll would be appearance. of individuals, because they hold more than one job. In at more than one job and thus counted separately for each Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December - 7 period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year. Reliability of the estimates Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus 376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 376,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the "true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact, occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment is 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is .21 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can also improve the stability of the monthly estimates. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth (and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the - 8 monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment described below. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent, ranging from zero to 0.7 percent. Additional statistics and other information More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $16.00 per issue or $40.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or Visa. Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through 1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that publication. Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-606-STAT; TDD phone: 202-606-5897; TDD message referral phone: 1-800-326-2577. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. HOUSEHOLD DATA Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, sex, and age Sept. 1998 Aug. 1999 Sept. 1999 Sept. 1998 May 1999 June 1999 July 1999 Aug. 1999 Sept. 1999 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Agriculture................................. Nonagricultural industries.................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... Not in labor force.............................. 205,699 137,903 67.0 131,864 64.1 3,671 128,193 6,039 4.4 67,796 208,038 140,090 67.3 134,264 64.5 3,525 130,739 5,826 4.2 67,948 208,265 139,217 66.8 133,555 64.1 3,342 130,214 5,661 4.1 69,048 205,699 138,081 67.1 131,818 64.1 3,470 128,348 6,263 4.5 67,618 207,427 139,019 67.0 133,224 64.2 3,295 129,929 5,795 4.2 68,408 207,632 139,408 67.1 133,432 64.3 3,354 130,078 5,975 4.3 68,225 207,828 139,254 67.0 133,307 64.1 3,292 130,015 5,947 4.3 68,574 208,038 139,264 66.9 133,411 64.1 3,219 130,192 5,853 4.2 68,774 208,265 139,386 66.9 133,550 64.1 3,137 130,413 5,836 4.2 68,879 99,006 73,954 74.7 70,866 71.6 3,088 4.2 99,863 75,190 75.3 72,348 72.4 2,842 3.8 99,976 74,393 74.4 71,603 71.6 2,790 3.8 99,006 74,202 74.9 70,841 71.6 3,361 4.5 99,563 74,316 74.6 71,198 71.5 3,118 4.2 99,668 74,420 74.7 71,321 71.6 3,099 4.2 99,761 74,500 74.7 71,444 71.6 3,056 4.1 99,863 74,400 74.5 71,332 71.4 3,067 4.1 99,976 74,634 74.7 71,615 71.6 3,019 4.0 91,003 69,817 76.7 67,416 74.1 2,526 64,890 2,401 3.4 91,692 70,509 76.9 68,210 74.4 2,377 65,833 2,299 3.3 91,793 70,286 76.6 68,078 74.2 2,296 65,782 2,208 3.1 91,003 69,869 76.8 67,262 73.9 2,402 64,860 2,607 3.7 91,368 69,932 76.5 67,399 73.8 2,212 65,186 2,534 3.6 91,487 70,127 76.7 67,633 73.9 2,248 65,385 2,494 3.6 91,561 70,164 76.6 67,687 73.9 2,271 65,416 2,477 3.5 91,692 70,179 76.5 67,682 73.8 2,242 65,440 2,496 3.6 91,793 70,326 76.6 67,950 74.0 2,168 65,782 2,376 3.4 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Agriculture................................. Nonagricultural industries.................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 106,693 108,175 108,289 106,693 107,864 107,964 108,067 108,175 108,289 Civilian labor force............................ 63,949 64,900 64,823 63,879 64,704 64,988 64,754 64,864 64,753 Participation rate........................ 59.9 60.0 59.9 59.9 60.0 60.2 59.9 60.0 59.8 Employed...................................... 60,998 61,917 61,952 60,977 62,026 62,112 61,863 62,079 61,935 Employment-population ratio............... 57.2 57.2 57.2 57.2 57.5 57.5 57.2 57.4 57.2 Unemployed.................................... 2,951 2,984 2,871 2,902 2,677 2,876 2,891 2,786 2,817 Unemployment rate......................... 4.6 4.6 4.4 4.5 4.1 4.4 4.5 4.3 4.4 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Agriculture................................. Nonagricultural industries.................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... 98,994 100,285 100,385 60,059 60,568 61,053 60.7 60.4 60.8 57,610 58,093 58,753 58.2 57.9 58.5 834 840 833 56,776 57,253 57,920 2,449 2,475 2,299 4.1 4.1 3.8 98,994 100,008 100,131 100,203 100,285 100,385 59,804 60,729 61,092 60,791 60,908 60,793 60.4 60.7 61.0 60.7 60.7 60.6 57,426 58,520 58,719 58,373 58,654 58,572 58.0 58.5 58.6 58.3 58.5 58.3 767 831 869 797 764 767 56,659 57,689 57,849 57,576 57,890 57,804 2,378 2,209 2,373 2,418 2,254 2,222 4.0 3.6 3.9 4.0 3.7 3.7 15,702 8,027 51.1 6,838 43.5 311 6,527 1,189 14.8 15,702 8,408 53.5 7,130 45.4 301 6,829 1,278 15.2 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate........................ Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio............... Agriculture................................. Nonagricultural industries.................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate......................... 16,061 9,014 56.1 7,962 49.6 309 7,653 1,051 11.7 16,086 7,878 49.0 6,724 41.8 212 6,512 1,154 14.7 16,051 8,358 52.1 7,306 45.5 252 7,054 1,052 12.6 16,014 8,189 51.1 7,081 44.2 237 6,843 1,108 13.5 16,065 8,300 51.7 7,247 45.1 225 7,023 1,053 12.7 16,061 8,177 50.9 7,075 44.0 212 6,862 1,102 13.5 16,086 8,267 51.4 7,028 43.7 201 6,827 1,238 15.0 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. HOUSEHOLD DATA Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Employment status, race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin Sept. 1998 Aug. 1999 Sept. 1999 Sept. 1998 May 1999 June 1999 July 1999 Aug. 1999 Sept. 1999 WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 171,804 173,275 173,432 171,804 172,859 172,999 173,133 173,275 173,432 Civilian labor force............................ 115,599 117,093 116,243 115,751 116,254 116,578 116,393 116,602 116,409 Participation rate.......................... 67.3 67.6 67.0 67.4 67.3 67.4 67.2 67.3 67.1 Employed...................................... 111,316 112,846 112,241 111,221 111,985 112,092 112,117 112,277 112,210 Employment-population ratio................. 64.8 65.1 64.7 64.7 64.8 64.8 64.8 64.8 64.7 Unemployed.................................... 4,284 4,246 4,002 4,530 4,269 4,486 4,276 4,325 4,198 Unemployment rate........................... 3.7 3.6 3.4 3.9 3.7 3.8 3.7 3.7 3.6 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 59,542 77.2 57,756 74.9 1,785 3.0 60,063 77.5 58,303 75.2 1,760 2.9 59,808 77.1 58,236 75.1 1,571 2.6 59,587 77.3 57,615 74.7 1,972 3.3 59,500 77.0 57,615 74.5 1,884 3.2 59,711 77.2 57,784 74.7 1,927 3.2 59,837 77.3 57,978 74.9 1,859 3.1 59,968 77.4 58,013 74.8 1,955 3.3 59,839 77.1 58,120 74.9 1,719 2.9 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 49,348 60.0 47,682 58.0 1,667 3.4 49,410 59.5 47,653 57.4 1,757 3.6 49,746 59.9 48,138 57.9 1,608 3.2 49,108 59.8 47,456 57.7 1,652 3.4 49,669 60.0 48,067 58.0 1,602 3.2 49,933 60.2 48,215 58.2 1,718 3.4 49,542 59.7 47,878 57.7 1,665 3.4 49,701 59.9 48,134 58.0 1,567 3.2 49,534 59.6 47,946 57.7 1,587 3.2 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... Men....................................... Women..................................... 6,709 53.6 5,878 46.9 832 12.4 14.1 10.5 7,620 59.8 6,890 54.1 730 9.6 9.7 9.4 6,690 52.5 5,867 46.0 823 12.3 12.4 12.2 7,056 56.4 6,150 49.1 906 12.8 14.7 10.8 7,085 55.8 6,302 49.7 783 11.0 11.9 10.1 6,934 54.6 6,093 48.0 840 12.1 11.8 12.5 7,013 55.1 6,261 49.2 753 10.7 10.9 10.6 6,932 54.4 6,129 48.1 803 11.6 12.2 10.9 7,036 55.2 6,144 48.2 892 12.7 13.0 12.4 BLACK Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 24,458 15,996 65.4 14,552 59.5 1,444 9.0 24,904 16,474 66.2 15,156 60.9 1,318 8.0 24,946 16,494 66.1 15,113 60.6 1,381 8.4 24,458 16,027 65.5 14,584 59.6 1,443 9.0 24,798 16,303 65.7 15,079 60.8 1,224 7.5 24,833 16,300 65.6 15,103 60.8 1,197 7.3 24,867 16,384 65.9 14,949 60.1 1,434 8.8 24,904 16,279 65.4 15,005 60.3 1,274 7.8 24,946 16,534 66.3 15,154 60.7 1,380 8.3 Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 7,024 72.0 6,534 66.9 490 7.0 7,183 72.2 6,760 68.0 424 5.9 7,216 72.4 6,711 67.3 506 7.0 6,999 71.7 6,499 66.6 500 7.1 7,206 72.8 6,727 68.0 479 6.6 7,152 72.1 6,712 67.7 440 6.1 7,132 71.8 6,601 66.5 531 7.4 7,151 71.9 6,706 67.4 445 6.2 7,200 72.3 6,684 67.1 516 7.2 Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 7,932 64.8 7,277 59.4 655 8.3 8,239 66.1 7,627 61.1 613 7.4 8,361 66.9 7,774 62.2 587 7.0 7,948 64.9 7,320 59.8 628 7.9 8,177 65.8 7,653 61.6 524 6.4 8,214 66.0 7,671 61.7 544 6.6 8,318 66.8 7,663 61.5 654 7.9 8,229 66.0 7,658 61.4 571 6.9 8,383 67.1 7,821 62.6 562 6.7 1,040 42.3 742 30.2 299 28.7 30.5 26.9 1,052 42.3 770 31.0 282 26.8 27.8 25.9 917 36.9 628 25.3 289 31.5 28.7 34.2 1,080 44.0 765 31.1 315 29.2 32.7 25.7 920 37.1 699 28.2 222 24.1 26.2 22.0 934 37.7 721 29.0 214 22.9 26.7 19.6 934 37.6 685 27.6 249 26.7 30.8 22.9 899 36.2 642 25.8 257 28.6 29.4 27.9 951 38.3 649 26.1 302 31.7 30.6 32.9 21,224 14,487 68.3 13,481 63.5 1,007 6.9 21,752 14,843 68.2 13,872 63.8 971 6.5 21,820 14,768 67.7 13,818 63.3 950 6.4 21,224 14,457 68.1 13,394 63.1 1,063 7.4 21,548 14,535 67.5 13,558 62.9 977 6.7 21,618 14,643 67.7 13,654 63.2 989 6.8 21,684 14,592 67.3 13,685 63.1 907 6.2 21,752 14,734 67.7 13,776 63.3 959 6.5 21,820 14,756 67.6 13,763 63.1 993 6.7 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... Men....................................... Women..................................... HISPANIC ORIGIN Civilian noninstitutional population.............. Civilian labor force............................ Participation rate.......................... Employed...................................... Employment-population ratio................. Unemployed.................................... Unemployment rate........................... 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted(1) Educational attainment Sept. 1998 Aug. 1999 Sept. 1999 Sept. 1998 May 1999 June 1999 July 1999 Aug. 1999 Sept. 1999 29,290 12,642 43.2 11,845 40.4 797 6.3 28,568 12,299 43.1 11,507 40.3 793 6.4 28,583 12,275 42.9 11,506 40.3 769 6.3 29,290 12,563 42.9 11,692 39.9 871 6.9 28,298 11,743 41.5 10,959 38.7 784 6.7 28,515 12,047 42.2 11,238 39.4 810 6.7 28,015 12,069 43.1 11,244 40.1 825 6.8 28,568 12,412 43.4 11,530 40.4 883 7.1 28,583 12,198 42.7 11,358 39.7 840 6.9 57,589 37,468 65.1 36,050 62.6 1,418 3.8 57,195 36,797 64.3 35,550 62.2 1,247 3.4 57,518 37,286 64.8 36,022 62.6 1,264 3.4 57,589 37,289 64.8 35,783 62.1 1,506 4.0 57,931 37,416 64.6 36,058 62.2 1,359 3.6 57,963 37,403 64.5 35,961 62.0 1,442 3.9 57,162 36,941 64.6 35,629 62.3 1,313 3.6 57,195 36,845 64.4 35,550 62.2 1,294 3.5 57,518 37,133 64.6 35,807 62.3 1,325 3.6 41,769 31,184 74.7 30,276 72.5 907 2.9 43,130 31,751 73.6 30,765 71.3 986 3.1 42,955 31,930 74.3 31,086 72.4 844 2.6 41,769 31,271 74.9 30,343 72.6 928 3.0 42,742 31,930 74.7 31,043 72.6 886 2.8 42,780 31,937 74.7 31,130 72.8 806 2.5 43,610 32,102 73.6 31,097 71.3 1,005 3.1 43,130 31,803 73.7 30,795 71.4 1,008 3.2 42,955 32,076 74.7 31,211 72.7 866 2.7 43,669 35,059 80.3 34,453 78.9 606 1.7 45,086 35,915 79.7 35,223 78.1 692 1.9 45,081 35,948 79.7 35,333 78.4 615 1.7 43,669 34,914 80.0 34,335 78.6 579 1.7 44,442 35,771 80.5 35,107 79.0 664 1.9 44,464 35,856 80.6 35,128 79.0 727 2.0 45,042 35,981 79.9 35,317 78.4 664 1.8 45,086 36,142 80.2 35,579 78.9 563 1.6 45,081 35,745 79.3 35,157 78.0 588 1.6 Less than a high school diploma Civilian noninstitutional population...... Civilian labor force.................... Percent of population............... Employed.............................. Employment-population ratio......... Unemployed............................ Unemployment rate................... High school graduates, no college(2) Civilian noninstitutional population...... Civilian labor force.................... Percent of population............... Employed.............................. Employment-population ratio......... Unemployed............................ Unemployment rate................... Less than a bachelor's degree(3) Civilian noninstitutional population...... Civilian labor force.................... Percent of population............... Employed.............................. Employment-population ratio......... Unemployed............................ Unemployment rate................... College graduates Civilian noninstitutional population...... Civilian labor force.................... Percent of population............... Employed.............................. Employment-population ratio......... Unemployed............................ Unemployment rate................... 1 and 2 3 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted seasonally adjusted columns. Includes high school diploma or equivalent. Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Selected employment indicators (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Category Sept. 1998 Aug. 1999 Sept. 1999 Sept. 1998 May 1999 June 1999 July 1999 Aug. 1999 Sept. 1999 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over................. 131,864 134,264 133,555 131,818 133,224 133,432 133,307 133,411 133,550 Married men, spouse present..................... 43,385 43,398 43,663 43,170 42,882 43,291 43,353 43,398 43,446 Married women, spouse present................... 33,067 33,023 33,403 32,891 33,487 33,802 33,302 33,458 33,204 Women who maintain families..................... 8,042 8,332 8,380 7,984 8,039 7,991 8,289 8,357 8,313 OCCUPATION Managerial and professional specialty........... Technical, sales, and administrative support.... Service occupations............................. Precision production, craft, and repair......... Operators, fabricators, and laborers............ Farming, forestry, and fishing.................. 39,572 38,485 17,835 14,060 18,073 3,838 40,504 38,998 18,341 14,355 18,231 3,836 40,892 38,519 17,817 14,531 18,202 3,594 39,553 38,478 17,926 14,045 18,118 3,585 40,500 39,103 18,111 14,432 17,813 3,441 40,946 38,729 18,020 14,084 18,190 3,504 40,901 38,573 18,035 14,405 17,985 3,423 40,893 38,842 18,034 14,241 18,058 3,422 40,843 38,557 17,907 14,589 18,260 3,346 CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers....................... 2,260 2,088 2,051 2,145 1,919 1,911 1,938 1,900 1,929 Self-employed workers......................... 1,368 1,379 1,246 1,290 1,348 1,369 1,300 1,262 1,176 Unpaid family workers......................... 43 58 44 40 33 37 47 48 41 Nonagricultural industries: Wage and salary workers....................... 118,974 121,595 121,255 119,148 121,168 121,005 121,157 121,163 121,498 Government.................................. 18,268 18,646 18,939 18,448 18,672 19,110 19,068 19,243 19,131 Private industries.......................... 100,706 102,949 102,316 100,700 102,496 101,895 102,089 101,920 102,367 Private households........................ 887 923 1,006 918 910 1,001 943 871 1,039 Other industries.......................... 99,818 102,026 101,310 99,782 101,586 100,894 101,146 101,049 101,328 Self-employed workers......................... 9,131 9,057 8,864 9,096 8,687 8,857 8,837 9,066 8,820 Unpaid family workers......................... 88 87 95 88 60 87 74 91 98 PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME All industries: Part time for economic reasons................ Slack work or business conditions........... Could only find part-time work.............. Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 3,112 1,721 1,113 18,989 3,238 1,759 1,068 16,455 2,948 1,689 1,031 19,069 3,419 1,913 1,168 18,687 3,422 1,946 1,137 18,632 3,418 2,092 1,014 18,666 3,299 1,983 1,044 19,122 3,248 1,871 1,057 19,359 3,269 1,895 1,087 18,787 Nonagricultural industries: Part time for economic reasons................ Slack work or business conditions........... Could only find part-time work.............. Part time for noneconomic reasons............. 2,928 1,619 1,072 18,378 3,102 1,677 1,046 15,870 2,814 1,596 1,015 18,490 3,191 1,800 1,132 18,161 3,247 1,838 1,111 18,098 3,232 1,944 1,010 18,016 3,130 1,846 1,028 18,618 3,105 1,791 1,041 18,781 3,096 1,789 1,080 18,288 NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad weather. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates(1) Category Sept. 1998 Aug. 1999 Sept. 1999 Sept. 1998 May 1999 June 1999 July 1999 Aug. 1999 Sept. 1999 Total, 16 years and over......................... Men, 20 years and over......................... Women, 20 years and over....................... Both sexes, 16 to 19 years..................... 6,263 2,607 2,378 1,278 5,853 2,496 2,254 1,102 5,836 2,376 2,222 1,238 4.5 3.7 4.0 15.2 4.2 3.6 3.6 12.6 4.3 3.6 3.9 13.5 4.3 3.5 4.0 12.7 4.2 3.6 3.7 13.5 4.2 3.4 3.7 15.0 Married men, spouse present.................... Married women, spouse present.................. Women who maintain families.................... 1,006 921 653 1,022 921 567 955 885 574 2.3 2.7 7.6 2.4 2.5 6.0 2.2 2.7 6.6 2.3 2.9 6.4 2.3 2.7 6.4 2.1 2.6 6.5 Full-time workers.............................. Part-time workers.............................. 4,916 1,298 4,756 1,118 4,553 1,247 4.3 5.3 4.0 5.1 4.0 5.4 4.1 4.9 4.1 4.5 4.0 5.1 711 1,550 628 1,357 269 733 1,448 682 1,187 228 744 1,390 586 1,277 172 1.8 3.9 4.3 7.0 7.0 2.0 3.3 4.1 6.5 8.0 2.0 3.6 4.9 6.0 7.5 1.9 4.0 3.8 6.3 6.4 1.8 3.6 4.6 6.2 6.2 1.8 3.5 3.9 6.5 4.9 5,024 1,474 18 601 855 470 385 3,550 257 1,547 191 1,555 422 183 4,536 1,383 25 586 773 447 326 3,153 245 1,282 196 1,430 405 206 4,663 1,375 44 519 812 510 302 3,288 217 1,415 178 1,477 381 108 4.8 5.1 3.0 8.6 4.0 3.7 4.6 4.6 3.5 5.7 2.4 4.5 2.2 7.9 4.2 4.4 5.9 7.2 3.4 3.3 3.6 4.1 3.3 5.3 2.1 3.9 2.6 10.7 4.4 4.7 4.7 7.5 3.8 3.6 4.0 4.3 2.8 5.4 2.3 4.2 2.4 9.6 4.4 4.4 6.4 6.7 3.5 3.8 3.0 4.4 3.6 5.2 2.3 4.5 2.3 8.9 4.3 5.0 4.0 7.9 3.9 3.7 4.2 4.0 3.1 4.8 2.4 4.0 2.1 9.8 4.4 4.9 7.1 6.8 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.2 2.7 5.2 2.2 4.1 2.0 5.3 CHARACTERISTIC OCCUPATION(2) Managerial and professional specialty.......... Technical, sales, and administrative support... Precision production, craft, and repair........ Operators, fabricators, and laborers........... Farming, forestry, and fishing................. INDUSTRY Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers Goods-producing industries................... Mining..................................... Construction............................... Manufacturing.............................. Durable goods............................ Nondurable goods......................... Service-producing industries................. Transportation and public utilities........ Wholesale and retail trade................. Finance, insurance, and real estate........ Services................................... Government workers............................. Agricultural wage and salary workers........... 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. 2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Duration Sept. 1998 Aug. 1999 Sept. 1999 Sept. 1998 May 1999 June 1999 July 1999 Aug. 1999 Sept. 1999 Less than 5 weeks................................ 5 to 14 weeks.................................... 15 weeks and over................................ 15 to 26 weeks................................ 27 weeks and over............................. 2,665 1,793 1,581 686 896 2,498 1,976 1,352 633 719 2,627 1,664 1,370 672 698 2,638 1,968 1,636 732 904 2,467 1,816 1,523 794 729 2,529 1,736 1,668 824 844 2,680 1,766 1,505 787 718 2,621 1,810 1,449 745 704 2,589 1,831 1,392 698 694 Average (mean) duration, in weeks................ Median duration, in weeks........................ 14.5 6.8 13.1 6.7 13.1 6.0 14.3 6.6 13.4 6.7 14.5 6.2 13.6 5.7 13.2 6.5 12.8 5.8 100.0 44.1 29.7 26.2 11.4 14.8 100.0 42.9 33.9 23.2 10.9 12.3 100.0 46.4 29.4 24.2 11.9 12.3 100.0 42.3 31.5 26.2 11.7 14.5 100.0 42.5 31.3 26.2 13.7 12.6 100.0 42.6 29.3 28.1 13.9 14.2 100.0 45.0 29.7 25.3 13.2 12.1 100.0 44.6 30.8 24.6 12.7 12.0 100.0 44.5 31.5 23.9 12.0 11.9 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed................................. Less than 5 weeks.............................. 5 to 14 weeks.................................. 15 weeks and over.............................. 15 to 26 weeks............................... 27 weeks and over............................ NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Reason for unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Reason Sept. 1998 Aug. 1999 Sept. 1999 Sept. 1998 May 1999 June 1999 July 1999 Aug. 1999 Sept. 1999 2,534 628 1,905 1,237 668 854 2,223 428 2,559 784 1,775 1,250 525 866 1,925 477 2,299 620 1,678 1,158 520 871 2,028 464 2,865 909 1,956 (1) (1) 727 2,161 501 2,663 821 1,842 (1) (1) 789 2,040 415 2,683 892 1,791 (1) (1) 864 2,057 349 2,740 850 1,890 (1) (1) 755 2,011 402 2,662 929 1,734 (1) (1) 797 1,896 483 2,586 890 1,696 (1) (1) 737 1,965 537 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 42.0 10.4 31.5 14.1 36.8 7.1 43.9 13.5 30.5 14.9 33.0 8.2 40.6 11.0 29.6 15.4 35.8 8.2 45.8 14.5 31.3 11.6 34.6 8.0 45.1 13.9 31.2 13.4 34.5 7.0 45.1 15.0 30.1 14.5 34.6 5.9 46.4 14.4 32.0 12.8 34.0 6.8 45.6 15.9 29.7 13.6 32.5 8.3 44.4 15.3 29.1 12.7 33.7 9.2 1.8 .6 1.6 .3 1.8 .6 1.4 .3 1.7 .6 1.5 .3 2.1 .5 1.6 .4 1.9 .6 1.5 .3 1.9 .6 1.5 .3 2.0 .5 1.4 .3 1.9 .6 1.4 .3 1.9 .5 1.4 .4 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... On temporary layoff............................. Not on temporary layoff......................... Permanent job losers.......................... Persons who completed temporary jobs.......... Job leavers....................................... Reentrants........................................ New entrants...................................... PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed.................................. Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... On temporary layoff............................ Not on temporary layoff........................ Job leavers...................................... Reentrants....................................... New entrants..................................... UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs........................................... Job leavers...................................... Reentrants....................................... New entrants..................................... 1 Not available. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization (Percent) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Measure Sept. 1998 Aug. 1999 Sept. 1999 Sept. 1998 May 1999 June 1999 July 1999 Aug. 1999 Sept. 1999 U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force................................ 1.1 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0 U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force................... 1.8 1.8 1.7 2.1 1.9 1.9 2.0 1.9 1.9 U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate)...................... 4.4 4.2 4.1 4.5 4.2 4.3 4.3 4.2 4.2 U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers.... 4.6 4.3 4.3 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers........................................ 5.3 4.9 4.9 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all marginally attached workers............................. 7.6 7.2 7.0 (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) 1 Not available. NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates(1) Age and sex Sept. 1998 Aug. 1999 Sept. 1999 Sept. 1998 May 1999 June 1999 July 1999 Aug. 1999 Sept. 1999 Total, 16 years and over.......................... 16 to 24 years.................................. 16 to 19 years................................ 16 to 17 years.............................. 18 to 19 years.............................. 20 to 24 years................................ 25 years and over............................... 25 to 54 years................................ 55 years and over............................. 6,263 2,400 1,278 596 679 1,122 3,894 3,416 464 5,853 2,126 1,102 517 592 1,023 3,745 3,272 472 5,836 2,245 1,238 532 706 1,007 3,630 3,168 458 4.5 10.9 15.2 17.6 13.5 8.2 3.4 3.5 2.7 4.2 9.4 12.6 15.9 10.6 7.5 3.2 3.2 2.6 4.3 9.9 13.5 16.1 11.8 7.7 3.2 3.3 3.0 4.3 9.6 12.7 14.6 11.4 7.7 3.2 3.3 3.0 4.2 9.6 13.5 15.8 12.1 7.3 3.2 3.3 2.6 4.2 10.1 15.0 16.3 14.1 7.2 3.1 3.2 2.6 Men, 16 years and over.......................... 16 to 24 years................................ 16 to 19 years.............................. 16 to 17 years............................ 18 to 19 years............................ 20 to 24 years.............................. 25 years and over............................. 25 to 54 years.............................. 55 years and over........................... 3,361 1,374 754 352 386 620 1,994 1,711 286 3,067 1,126 571 270 308 555 1,963 1,680 286 3,019 1,162 642 281 345 519 1,873 1,581 296 4.5 11.9 17.4 20.2 15.1 8.6 3.2 3.2 3.0 4.2 10.2 13.3 17.7 10.6 8.3 3.1 3.1 2.7 4.2 10.7 14.1 16.5 12.8 8.7 3.0 3.0 2.6 4.1 10.2 13.4 15.4 11.8 8.3 3.0 2.9 3.2 4.1 9.8 13.5 15.8 12.3 7.6 3.1 3.2 2.9 4.0 9.9 14.9 16.6 13.4 7.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 Women, 16 years and over........................ 16 to 24 years................................ 16 to 19 years.............................. 16 to 17 years............................ 18 to 19 years............................ 20 to 24 years.............................. 25 years and over............................. 25 to 54 years.............................. 55 years and over........................... 2,902 1,026 524 244 293 502 1,900 1,705 178 2,786 1,000 531 248 284 469 1,782 1,593 185 2,817 1,083 596 250 360 487 1,758 1,587 161 4.5 9.8 12.9 14.9 11.9 7.8 3.6 3.7 2.3 4.1 8.6 11.8 13.8 10.6 6.7 3.2 3.4 2.6 4.4 9.0 12.9 15.7 10.7 6.7 3.5 3.5 3.5 4.5 8.9 11.9 13.8 11.0 7.1 3.6 3.7 2.9 4.3 9.4 13.4 15.8 11.9 7.0 3.3 3.4 2.3 4.4 10.2 15.0 15.9 15.0 7.3 3.2 3.4 2.0 1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Total Men Women Category Sept. 1998 Sept. 1999 Sept. 1998 Sept. 1999 Sept. 1998 Sept. 1999 67,796 4,753 1,377 69,048 4,196 1,172 25,051 1,951 634 25,582 1,797 578 42,744 2,801 743 43,466 2,398 594 317 1,060 289 883 188 446 158 420 129 614 131 463 Total multiple jobholders(4)...................................... Percent of total employed..................................... 7,906 6.0 7,584 5.7 4,156 5.9 3,899 5.4 3,750 6.1 3,685 5.9 Primary job full time, secondary job part time................ Primary and secondary jobs both part time..................... Primary and secondary jobs both full time..................... Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................ 4,442 1,635 310 1,461 4,171 1,667 279 1,420 2,550 534 228 827 2,430 482 193 766 1,892 1,101 82 634 1,742 1,186 86 654 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force...................................... Persons who currently want a job................................ Searched for work and available to work now(1)............... Reason not currently looking: Discouragement over job prospects(2).................... Reasons other than discouragement(3).................... MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS 1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the reference week. 2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Beginning in January 1999, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry (In thousands) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Sept. 1998 July 1999 Aug. 1999p Sept. 1999p Sept. 1998 May 1999 June 1999 July 1999 Aug. 1999p Sept. 1999p Total......................... 126,769 128,802 128,732 129,362 126,361 128,162 128,443 128,816 128,919 128,911 Total private.................... 107,086 109,711 109,734 109,372 106,470 108,085 108,338 108,663 108,714 108,729 Goods-producing......................... 25,705 25,567 25,622 25,518 25,333 25,199 25,180 25,247 25,140 25,141 Mining................................ Metal mining........................ Coal mining......................... Oil and gas extraction.............. Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels.. 590 50.3 89.7 336.7 112.9 536 49.0 84.2 289.4 113.8 534 47.4 83.5 289.7 113.3 532 47.0 82.4 290.2 112.8 583 50 90 334 109 531 49 86 287 109 526 48 84 285 109 528 48 85 285 110 523 46 83 285 109 524 47 82 286 109 Construction.......................... 6,282 6,620 6,620 6,546 General building contractors........ 1,417.7 1,504.7 1,494.7 1,464.7 Heavy construction, except building. 917.8 927.8 932.7 932.4 Special trade contractors........... 3,946.3 4,187.3 4,192.7 4,148.8 6,009 1,382 837 3,790 6,239 1,427 854 3,958 6,258 1,430 857 3,971 6,270 1,432 857 3,981 6,245 1,424 852 3,969 6,266 1,429 851 3,986 Manufacturing......................... Production workers................ 18,833 12,980 18,411 12,615 18,468 12,678 18,440 12,688 18,741 12,893 18,429 12,662 18,396 12,623 18,449 12,691 18,372 12,613 18,351 12,607 Durable goods........................ Production workers................ Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Computer and office equipment..... Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Electronic components and accessories.................... Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Aircraft and parts................ Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 11,176 7,639 825.4 531.0 574.4 711.9 10,967 7,482 838.5 540.7 577.7 684.7 10,983 7,497 841.5 542.1 579.8 687.6 10,974 7,508 837.1 540.5 579.0 685.7 11,159 7,628 815 532 565 712 10,971 7,504 824 537 569 689 10,960 7,487 824 538 568 687 11,015 7,549 826 546 571 692 10,971 7,507 828 543 568 689 10,954 7,495 828 541 570 685 230.6 222.2 222.8 220.7 1,500.9 1,476.9 1,482.9 1,486.4 2,189.2 2,125.1 2,113.8 2,111.0 377.0 361.9 361.2 357.7 (1) 1,500 2,197 377 (1) 1,487 2,129 362 (1) 1,485 2,128 364 (1) 1,493 2,131 360 (1) 1,485 2,122 360 (1) 1,484 2,116 358 1,691.8 1,662.4 1,659.2 1,667.4 1,692 1,658 1,657 1,667 1,661 1,667 649.5 640.1 641.6 642.3 1,892.7 1,834.7 1,850.5 1,842.2 997.7 986.8 1,009.9 1,006.9 524.5 487.3 481.1 477.3 863.5 841.1 837.6 834.0 395.5 385.0 388.1 390.9 651 1,891 996 525 863 392 635 1,853 996 498 839 386 637 1,849 998 491 837 387 639 1,863 1,014 488 840 386 641 1,852 1,011 483 836 387 643 1,841 1,006 477 834 388 7,657 5,341 1,749.1 41.7 596.5 758.0 673.6 1,560.3 1,042.9 142.2 1,011.4 80.8 7,582 5,265 1,687 40 593 751 672 1,565 1,043 140 1,010 81 7,458 5,158 1,688 38 563 691 661 1,551 1,036 138 1,018 74 7,436 5,136 1,680 39 560 686 659 1,552 1,033 137 1,016 74 7,434 5,142 1,681 39 559 679 659 1,554 1,032 138 1,021 72 7,401 5,106 1,664 36 557 671 658 1,554 1,030 137 1,021 73 7,397 5,112 1,675 36 554 666 658 1,554 1,031 136 1,014 73 Nondurable goods..................... Production workers................ Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 7,444 5,133 1,704.6 35.4 556.4 672.0 660.8 1,554.5 1,037.3 141.1 1,012.2 69.6 7,485 5,181 1,733.8 36.1 557.0 675.2 660.6 1,553.2 1,035.6 139.9 1,021.1 72.8 7,466 5,180 1,733.0 37.5 555.6 673.4 657.6 1,549.6 1,031.9 138.4 1,015.9 73.0 Service-producing....................... 101,064 103,235 103,110 103,844 101,028 102,963 103,263 103,569 103,779 103,770 Transportation and public utilities... 6,681 6,784 6,794 6,868 Transportation...................... 4,356 4,410 4,415 4,500 Railroad transportation........... 234.5 231.7 227.2 227.6 Local and interurban passenger transit........................ 483.0 420.1 421.4 498.1 Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,787.5 1,841.1 1,850.2 1,858.0 Water transportation.............. 188.0 192.1 189.9 187.8 Transportation by air............. 1,191.5 1,238.1 1,239.2 1,243.0 Pipelines, except natural gas..... 13.9 13.4 13.2 13.0 Transportation services........... 457.5 473.2 473.5 472.7 Communications and public utilities. 2,325 2,374 2,379 2,368 Communications.................... 1,473.4 1,523.7 1,529.5 1,525.7 Electric, gas, and sanitary services....................... 851.8 850.5 849.3 842.1 6,637 4,313 233 6,758 4,402 233 6,781 4,423 233 6,799 4,438 230 6,808 4,441 226 6,828 4,459 225 471 1,759 183 1,196 14 457 2,324 1,472 480 1,802 180 1,226 13 468 2,356 1,513 483 1,810 181 1,234 13 469 2,358 1,513 483 1,817 182 1,240 13 473 2,361 1,519 488 1,817 182 1,243 13 472 2,367 1,524 486 1,828 184 1,250 13 473 2,369 1,526 852 843 845 842 843 843 7,050 4,166 2,884 22,890 6,871 4,066 2,805 22,382 6,977 4,124 2,853 22,748 6,993 4,139 2,854 22,796 7,012 4,154 2,858 22,903 7,033 4,171 2,862 22,882 7,040 4,171 2,869 22,833 1,008.7 989.5 2,720.1 2,718.3 2,422.6 2,420.2 3,503.9 3,477.8 954 2,745 2,437 3,486 979 2,784 2,486 3,487 982 2,782 2,482 3,479 986 2,778 2,476 3,478 988 2,773 2,467 3,489 987 2,755 2,450 3,486 2,364.2 2,439.5 2,438.6 2,426.9 1,052.9 1,090.4 1,092.2 1,093.8 1,131.2 1,185.0 1,192.1 1,170.8 2,349 1,050 1,150 2,400 1,077 1,172 2,403 1,080 1,178 2,407 1,085 1,192 2,410 1,088 1,189 2,412 1,091 1,184 1,021.7 1,080.9 1,083.3 1,085.5 7,911.5 8,165.1 8,147.7 8,068.9 2,858.4 2,927.0 2,941.4 2,952.6 1,033 7,782 2,883 1,084 7,880 2,962 1,091 7,911 2,970 1,090 7,989 2,983 1,094 7,953 2,986 1,097 7,934 2,978 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 7,473 7,747 7,732 7,653 Finance............................. 3,617 3,744 3,737 3,704 Depository institutions........... 2,036.1 2,061.0 2,058.0 2,039.8 Commercial banks................ 1,462.0 1,474.6 1,473.7 1,459.4 Savings institutions............ 256.4 258.4 256.4 254.1 Nondepository institutions........ 670.9 723.9 721.6 712.4 Mortgage bankers and brokers.... 341.4 371.7 368.8 360.8 Security and commodity brokers.... 656.7 689.5 690.9 686.1 Holding and other investment offices........................ 252.8 269.1 266.9 266.0 Insurance........................... 2,359 2,417 2,414 2,403 Insurance carriers................ 1,609.8 1,645.5 1,641.8 1,632.7 Insurance agents, brokers, and service........................ 749.3 771.9 772.6 770.7 Real estate......................... 1,497 1,586 1,581 1,546 7,467 3,623 2,040 1,465 258 673 342 656 7,621 3,706 2,047 1,465 256 720 374 672 7,636 3,709 2,045 1,463 256 721 372 676 7,647 3,715 2,044 1,462 256 721 369 682 7,650 3,717 2,046 1,465 255 719 367 685 7,647 3,712 2,046 1,465 255 714 361 685 254 2,362 1,611 267 2,399 1,635 267 2,402 1,638 268 2,404 1,635 267 2,406 1,635 267 2,407 1,634 751 1,482 764 1,516 764 1,525 769 1,528 771 1,527 773 1,528 37,780 712 1,785 1,195 8,654 956 3,230 2,874 38,782 751 1,786 1,189 9,047 979 3,366 2,986 38,952 757 1,797 1,200 9,088 984 3,387 3,000 39,055 760 1,807 1,207 9,148 992 3,422 3,025 39,201 756 1,808 1,207 9,189 997 3,420 3,025 39,240 762 1,807 1,214 9,198 1,003 3,420 3,018 Wholesale trade....................... Durable goods....................... Nondurable goods.................... Retail trade.......................... Building materials and garden supplies......................... General merchandise stores.......... Department stores................. Food stores......................... Automotive dealers and service stations......................... New and used car dealers.......... Apparel and accessory stores........ Furniture and home furnishings stores........................... Eating and drinking places.......... Miscellaneous retail establishments. Services2............................. Agricultural services............... Hotels and other lodging places..... Personal services................... Business services................... Services to buildings............. Personnel supply services......... Help supply services............ 6,880 4,060 2,820 22,436 7,062 4,183 2,879 23,044 957.0 2,709.9 2,407.5 3,482.3 1,023.6 2,719.5 2,423.3 3,503.4 37,911 750.6 1,836.0 1,160.1 8,759.0 958.5 3,334.7 2,972.9 39,507 841.6 1,952.6 1,164.4 9,190.9 999.8 3,423.9 3,033.9 7,064 4,186 2,878 23,036 39,486 826.3 1,946.5 1,164.7 9,297.0 1,005.9 3,507.8 3,113.3 39,393 803.7 1,854.2 1,176.6 9,306.1 1,007.7 3,500.5 3,102.0 Computer and data processing services....................... Auto repair, services, and parking.. Miscellaneous repair services....... Motion pictures..................... Amusement and recreation services... Health services..................... Offices and clinics of medical doctors........................ Nursing and personal care facilities..................... Hospitals......................... Home health care services......... Legal services...................... Educational services................ Social services..................... Child day care services........... Residential care.................. Museums and botanical and zoological gardens........................... Membership organizations............ Engineering and management services. Engineering and architectural services....................... Management and public relations... Services, nec....................... Government............................ Federal............................. Federal, except Postal Service.... State............................... Education......................... Other State government............ Local............................... Education......................... Other local government............ 1,634.8 1,154.7 386.6 569.3 1,707.4 9,862.3 1,811.6 1,191.4 397.1 608.6 1,793.1 9,996.8 1,639 1,153 384 577 1,622 9,873 1,765 1,182 398 604 1,675 9,954 1,781 1,184 395 611 1,695 9,964 1,794 1,185 395 609 1,694 9,975 1,807 1,186 397 608 1,712 9,996 1,819 1,189 396 616 1,697 10,004 1,816.7 1,875.9 1,882.4 1,872.5 1,818 1,860 1,864 1,868 1,876 1,874 1,761.2 3,937.7 658.3 973.6 2,139.4 2,661.6 613.9 750.5 1,755.9 3,975.3 658.0 1,000.9 2,243.2 2,791.0 631.5 785.7 1,761 3,943 658 980 2,189 2,672 610 753 1,755 3,966 653 999 2,265 2,760 629 775 1,755 3,969 653 1,002 2,272 2,778 633 777 1,754 3,968 655 1,000 2,278 2,763 632 781 1,755 3,973 658 1,004 2,285 2,799 631 785 1,754 3,978 658 1,006 2,296 2,791 622 788 94.2 102.7 101.6 94.8 2,347.9 2,476.1 2,449.3 2,388.5 3,217.5 3,469.2 3,466.8 3,452.2 93 2,369 3,231 93 2,394 3,391 94 2,409 3,411 94 2,403 3,441 95 2,409 3,455 94 2,411 3,463 916.1 962.3 961.9 947.5 1,058.8 1,177.9 1,182.2 1,185.2 52.8 58.2 57.7 57.7 913 1,058 (1) 940 1,143 (1) 942 1,153 (1) 948 1,165 (1) 947 1,176 (1) 944 1,178 (1) 19,891 2,689 1,815 4,647 1,939 2,708 12,555 7,103 5,452 20,077 2,666 1,788 4,677 1,941 2,736 12,734 7,225 5,509 20,105 2,664 1,789 4,675 1,934 2,741 12,766 7,239 5,527 20,153 2,656 1,779 4,682 1,947 2,735 12,815 7,268 5,547 20,205 2,652 1,780 4,705 1,965 2,740 12,848 7,304 5,544 20,182 2,649 1,775 4,695 1,952 2,743 12,838 7,302 5,536 19,683 2,685 1,818.0 4,603 1,886.8 2,715.7 12,395 6,947.9 5,447.0 1,796.5 1,193.5 399.6 618.8 2,006.6 10006.9 1,759.8 3,984.3 654.2 1,018.0 1,989.9 2,780.4 579.5 787.1 19,091 2,668 1,803.6 4,458 1,666.0 2,792.3 11,965 6,111.1 5,853.7 1,808.0 1,192.7 400.4 621.0 1,981.9 10011.7 1,760.1 3,980.5 655.6 1,010.3 1,961.6 2,758.5 580.0 789.1 18,998 2,658 1,795.3 4,447 1,671.1 2,775.4 11,893 6,121.0 5,771.7 19,990 2,642 1,776.2 4,663 1,911.4 2,751.3 12,685 7,152.6 5,532.4 1 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. 2 Includes other industries, not shown separately. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Sept. 1998 July 1999 Aug. 1999p Sept. 1999p Sept. 1998 May 1999 June 1999 July 1999 Aug. 1999p Sept. 1999p Total private.................... 34.3 34.7 35.1 34.2 34.5 34.4 34.5 34.5 34.5 34.4 Goods-producing......................... 40.5 40.9 Mining................................ 42.9 44.7 41.3 40.8 40.9 41.0 41.2 41.2 41.1 41.2 44.5 44.1 43.3 44.1 44.0 45.1 44.2 44.1 Construction.......................... 37.5 39.9 40.0 38.5 38.6 38.9 39.4 38.9 39.0 39.3 Manufacturing......................... Overtime hours.................... 41.5 4.7 41.2 4.4 41.8 4.8 41.6 4.9 41.6 4.5 41.7 4.6 41.7 4.7 41.9 4.7 41.8 4.7 41.8 4.7 Durable goods........................ Overtime hours.................... 41.8 4.6 41.6 4.5 42.4 4.9 42.0 4.9 42.2 4.7 42.2 4.7 42.3 4.8 42.5 4.9 42.5 4.9 42.5 5.0 Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 40.5 39.8 43.9 43.8 41.1 40.2 43.8 43.6 41.6 40.7 44.0 44.1 40.8 40.4 43.8 44.4 40.7 40.2 43.4 43.9 41.2 40.4 43.4 44.3 41.1 40.4 43.4 44.3 41.1 40.6 43.6 44.5 41.2 40.3 43.5 44.4 40.9 40.8 43.4 44.7 44.4 41.6 41.8 44.7 41.5 41.7 44.8 42.3 42.2 45.2 41.8 41.8 44.2 42.2 42.6 44.8 42.1 42.1 45.2 42.1 42.0 45.2 42.3 42.4 45.0 42.4 42.6 45.2 42.5 42.7 41.0 43.3 43.8 40.6 39.3 40.9 42.2 42.8 41.0 39.3 41.6 43.7 44.7 41.3 40.1 41.1 43.8 45.3 41.2 39.6 41.4 43.8 44.3 41.1 39.5 41.5 43.5 44.4 41.6 40.2 41.5 44.2 45.4 41.5 40.0 41.7 44.4 46.0 41.7 40.1 41.7 44.0 45.2 41.5 40.2 41.5 44.0 45.6 41.8 39.9 Nondurable goods..................... Overtime hours.................... 41.0 4.7 40.7 4.4 41.0 4.6 40.9 4.8 40.8 4.3 41.0 4.4 41.0 4.5 41.1 4.5 40.9 4.4 40.7 4.4 Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 42.5 37.4 40.5 36.7 44.1 38.6 43.4 43.2 41.4 37.3 41.8 40.4 40.6 37.0 43.0 38.1 42.7 43.3 41.0 37.4 41.9 39.9 41.0 37.6 43.5 38.4 43.2 42.9 41.4 38.8 41.9 39.6 40.6 36.6 43.6 38.5 43.1 43.1 41.5 37.9 41.7 37.7 40.4 37.2 43.6 38.2 43.2 (2) 41.7 37.4 41.8 39.9 41.0 37.8 43.5 38.3 43.0 (2) 41.9 38.4 41.8 39.1 40.6 37.7 43.5 38.3 43.0 (2) 41.8 37.9 42.0 41.1 41.3 37.5 43.5 38.4 43.1 (2) 41.7 37.9 41.6 39.8 40.8 37.4 43.8 38.3 43.4 (2) 41.6 38.4 41.3 39.7 40.5 37.1 43.2 38.1 43.1 (2) 41.8 37.8 Service-producing....................... 32.7 33.2 33.5 32.5 32.8 32.8 32.8 32.9 32.9 32.7 Transportation and public utilities... 39.3 38.9 39.4 38.5 39.3 38.8 38.9 38.7 38.9 38.5 Wholesale trade....................... 38.1 38.4 38.8 38.2 38.3 38.3 38.4 38.4 38.5 38.3 Retail trade.......................... 29.1 29.8 29.9 28.7 29.0 29.1 29.1 29.1 29.0 28.6 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 35.9 36.2 36.9 36.0 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Services.............................. 32.3 32.8 33.2 32.3 32.5 32.5 32.6 32.6 32.7 32.6 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Sept. 1998 July 1999 Aug. 1999p Sept. 1999p Sept. 1998 July 1999 Aug. 1999p Sept. 1999p Total private.................... Seasonally adjusted............. $12.90 12.88 $13.15 13.28 $13.20 13.30 $13.39 13.37 $442.47 444.36 $456.31 458.16 $463.32 458.85 $457.94 459.93 Goods-producing......................... 14.49 14.91 14.93 15.07 586.85 609.82 616.61 614.86 Mining................................ 17.11 17.12 17.04 17.11 734.02 765.26 758.28 754.55 Construction.......................... 16.79 17.22 17.27 17.44 629.63 687.08 690.80 671.44 Manufacturing......................... 13.60 13.92 13.95 14.12 564.40 573.50 583.11 587.39 Durable goods........................ Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 14.07 11.17 10.99 13.82 15.61 14.38 11.52 11.24 14.00 16.03 14.46 11.53 11.28 13.97 15.94 14.63 11.56 11.34 14.18 16.17 588.13 452.39 437.40 606.70 683.72 598.21 473.47 451.85 613.20 698.91 613.10 479.65 459.10 614.68 702.95 614.46 471.65 458.14 621.08 717.95 18.76 13.16 14.55 19.12 13.45 15.07 18.90 13.48 15.12 19.05 13.61 15.28 832.94 547.46 608.19 854.66 558.18 628.42 846.72 570.20 638.06 861.06 568.90 638.70 13.23 17.49 17.77 13.88 10.98 13.49 17.94 18.23 14.25 11.32 13.49 18.25 18.61 14.27 11.32 13.64 18.50 18.92 14.34 11.45 542.43 757.32 778.33 563.53 431.51 551.74 757.07 780.24 584.25 444.88 561.18 797.53 831.87 589.35 453.93 560.60 810.30 857.08 590.81 453.42 Nondurable goods..................... Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 12.93 11.95 17.92 10.48 8.63 15.84 13.65 17.30 20.83 11.98 9.35 13.22 12.15 21.15 10.71 8.83 16.05 13.80 17.49 21.35 12.35 9.61 13.18 12.07 21.09 10.72 8.88 15.98 13.82 17.51 21.35 12.30 9.74 13.37 12.24 19.47 10.82 9.00 16.29 13.97 17.78 21.73 12.47 9.88 530.13 507.88 670.21 424.44 316.72 698.54 526.89 750.82 899.86 495.97 348.76 538.05 507.87 854.46 434.83 326.71 690.15 525.78 746.82 924.46 506.35 359.41 540.38 505.73 841.49 439.52 333.89 695.13 530.69 756.43 915.92 509.22 377.91 546.83 512.86 771.01 439.29 329.40 710.24 537.85 766.32 936.56 517.51 374.45 Service-producing....................... 12.38 12.60 12.66 12.85 404.83 418.32 424.11 417.63 Transportation and public utilities... $15.41 $15.66 $15.65 $15.76 $605.61 $609.17 $616.61 $606.76 Wholesale trade....................... 14.16 14.55 14.66 14.71 539.50 558.72 568.81 561.92 Retail trade.......................... 8.88 9.02 9.04 9.19 258.41 268.80 270.30 263.75 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 14.10 14.53 14.63 14.64 506.19 525.99 539.85 527.04 Services.............................. 12.97 13.20 13.25 13.50 418.93 432.96 439.90 436.05 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted Percent change from: Aug. 1999Sept. 1999 Sept. 1998 May 1999 June 1999 July 1999 Aug. 1999p Sept. 1999p Total private: Current dollars.............. Constant (1982) dollars2..... $12.88 7.80 $13.18 7.85 $13.24 7.89 $13.28 7.88 $13.30 7.87 $13.37 N.A. 0.5 (3) Goods-producing............... Mining...................... Construction................ Manufacturing............... Excluding overtime4....... 14.41 17.06 16.60 13.58 12.86 14.75 17.05 17.08 13.85 13.13 14.85 16.96 17.16 13.95 13.20 14.90 17.23 17.18 14.02 13.26 14.91 17.15 17.16 14.03 13.27 14.97 17.16 17.23 14.08 13.30 .4 .1 .4 .4 .2 Service-producing............. Transportation and public utilities................ Wholesale trade............. Retail trade................ Finance, insurance, and real estate................... Services.................... 12.38 12.68 12.73 12.77 12.79 12.87 .6 15.37 14.18 8.84 15.65 14.48 9.04 15.65 14.56 9.06 15.70 14.61 9.10 15.68 14.64 9.13 15.76 14.73 9.17 .5 .6 .4 14.16 12.98 14.60 13.33 14.62 13.38 14.68 13.42 14.65 13.44 14.70 13.51 .3 .5 Industry 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. 2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to deflate this series. 3 Change was -.1 percent from June 1999 to July 1999, the latest month available. 4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half. N.A. = not available. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry (1982=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Industry Sept. 1998 July 1999 Aug. 1999p Sept. 1999p Sept. 1998 May 1999 June 1999 July 1999 Aug. 1999p Sept. 1999p Total private.................... 145.4 150.8 152.2 147.9 145.1 147.2 147.8 148.3 148.4 147.7 Goods-producing......................... 115.7 116.1 117.7 115.7 114.7 114.4 114.6 115.1 114.3 114.4 Mining................................ 54.8 51.6 51.3 50.8 54.6 50.1 49.7 50.9 49.8 49.9 Construction.......................... 167.4 187.2 187.5 Manufacturing......................... 108.6 104.9 106.9 178.4 162.7 170.0 172.8 170.7 170.4 172.0 106.4 108.3 106.5 106.3 107.3 106.4 106.2 Durable goods........................ Lumber and wood products............ Furniture and fixtures.............. Stone, clay, and glass products..... Primary metal industries............ Blast furnaces and basic steel products....................... Fabricated metal products........... Industrial machinery and equipment.. Electronic and other electrical equipment........................ Transportation equipment............ Motor vehicles and equipment...... Instruments and related products.... Miscellaneous manufacturing......... 111.3 145.5 132.1 119.6 92.5 108.7 149.8 135.9 119.7 88.2 110.8 152.0 137.9 120.8 89.5 110.1 148.4 136.7 119.8 90.1 112.4 144.0 134.0 115.7 92.7 110.5 147.3 135.9 117.0 90.3 110.4 146.9 136.2 116.8 89.8 111.9 147.3 138.8 118.1 91.1 111.2 147.7 137.1 116.8 90.4 111.1 146.8 138.5 116.8 90.7 70.9 116.9 106.4 69.2 114.2 102.8 69.4 116.9 102.7 69.5 115.9 102.2 70.6 118.4 109.1 69.2 116.9 104.5 69.4 116.6 104.0 69.8 118.2 105.3 69.5 117.4 104.6 69.4 117.5 104.7 107.4 125.4 160.0 74.9 102.2 104.7 118.1 154.3 74.5 98.2 106.7 124.1 166.2 74.6 101.3 106.1 124.1 168.3 73.9 101.4 108.6 127.2 162.3 75.7 101.5 106.2 123.4 162.4 75.6 101.4 105.9 125.0 165.9 75.2 100.9 108.0 127.1 172.1 76.0 101.1 107.4 126.0 169.9 75.1 101.4 107.2 125.0 170.1 75.2 101.4 Nondurable goods..................... Food and kindred products........... Tobacco products.................... Textile mill products............... Apparel and other textile products.. Paper and allied products........... Printing and publishing............. Chemicals and allied products....... Petroleum and coal products......... Rubber and misc. plastics products.. Leather and leather products........ 104.8 125.7 61.3 85.1 65.6 110.5 125.1 104.0 77.8 147.2 34.4 99.7 120.0 50.3 79.3 57.7 105.0 121.3 101.2 77.1 145.2 29.2 101.5 123.0 50.2 80.3 59.1 105.9 122.5 102.5 76.1 148.4 32.3 101.3 123.1 52.8 79.5 57.5 106.1 122.7 102.7 76.0 148.3 31.4 102.7 117.7 57.9 84.3 65.8 108.6 124.5 103.4 76.3 147.9 34.5 101.1 118.5 55.3 81.1 61.4 106.3 122.3 102.3 73.9 149.5 32.4 100.5 117.9 56.2 79.8 60.4 106.0 122.3 101.9 72.9 148.6 32.0 100.9 119.1 59.0 81.3 59.3 106.0 122.4 102.1 74.4 149.6 30.9 99.9 116.1 49.3 79.8 58.6 106.1 122.3 102.7 73.1 149.0 31.9 99.5 116.1 49.2 79.1 57.6 105.1 121.6 102.7 73.9 149.0 31.4 Service-producing....................... 158.7 166.4 167.8 162.4 158.8 161.9 162.7 163.2 163.7 162.6 Transportation and public utilities... 133.4 133.6 135.5 134.2 132.5 133.0 133.7 133.2 134.1 133.4 Wholesale trade....................... 129.1 133.4 134.6 132.1 129.3 131.5 132.0 132.3 132.8 132.1 Retail trade.......................... 141.1 149.0 149.1 142.1 140.2 143.3 143.6 144.4 143.7 141.2 Finance, insurance, and real estate... 136.1 142.6 144.7 139.1 137.5 138.8 139.4 141.2 140.7 140.1 Services.............................. 193.9 205.0 207.0 200.8 194.7 199.3 200.7 201.1 202.4 202.1 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted (Percent) Time span Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 63.8 49.6 56.2 63.8 54.4 58.0 64.9 61.0 57.9 58.3 54.6 59.4 61.9 58.8 52.1 56.5 55.1 62.8 60.5 58.8 47.5 61.9 58.8 55.9 51.5 54.8 60.8 56.3 57.9 57.0 55.6 57.0 60.7 58.0 57.6 59.1 62.5 61.0 55.8 p49.4 57.9 57.3 59.4 54.6 p52.5 56.9 63.5 65.4 52.9 55.2 59.7 63.6 59.1 57.7 61.2 62.1 58.6 Over 3-month span: 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 63.8 62.6 63.8 66.7 60.7 62.9 62.5 63.6 66.2 55.9 58.0 63.3 67.7 64.5 59.6 53.5 63.1 67.3 63.9 54.6 53.9 63.1 62.6 61.4 56.3 52.7 64.3 61.7 58.7 56.2 59.3 64.3 61.4 60.0 p57.2 61.0 62.2 66.2 58.4 p55.6 59.4 64.6 67.3 57.6 58.6 64.2 69.9 57.6 57.3 66.2 70.8 59.0 55.3 63.2 71.2 60.4 Over 6-month span: 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 66.7 62.6 67.4 70.6 61.1 59.7 65.2 68.3 66.9 58.8 58.6 64.5 65.6 65.9 57.3 56.5 65.2 67.0 62.4 59.0 59.0 64.7 65.6 62.6 p55.6 60.0 64.6 64.9 61.1 p54.8 57.7 67.0 66.3 58.0 61.0 65.4 68.4 59.8 60.5 65.9 69.7 60.0 59.3 66.7 71.3 60.8 61.7 66.9 71.3 60.8 63.2 66.7 71.9 58.0 Over 12-month span: 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 63.6 64.5 69.0 70.4 60.1 62.4 66.7 67.3 68.3 p58.0 62.6 64.5 68.3 67.1 p57.3 63.3 65.6 69.7 64.0 61.7 68.5 69.5 62.1 61.9 67.3 70.1 61.7 58.7 67.7 70.1 61.8 62.2 66.4 70.4 63.8 62.2 68.0 70.5 59.8 61.5 69.9 69.7 59.0 63.5 68.7 69.8 59.3 65.4 66.9 71.3 58.6 Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1 Over 1-month span: 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 57.2 42.4 50.0 58.6 40.3 50.4 55.4 52.9 51.8 42.4 47.1 46.8 53.6 50.4 39.6 52.9 41.0 56.1 50.4 44.6 41.4 55.8 52.2 40.6 36.3 45.3 51.4 53.2 46.8 45.3 45.0 47.1 51.1 40.3 57.2 51.1 56.5 55.4 45.3 p39.9 48.6 48.9 53.6 42.1 p42.4 51.1 55.0 62.2 36.3 45.3 50.7 61.2 39.9 48.2 54.0 55.4 45.0 Over 3-month span: 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 55.4 46.8 51.8 59.4 37.4 51.4 46.0 51.4 57.9 31.7 44.2 43.5 57.6 51.8 37.1 41.7 46.0 56.8 44.2 30.2 43.5 48.2 54.3 41.7 33.8 37.4 51.1 51.8 34.9 43.9 42.1 51.8 53.6 37.4 p45.7 43.9 49.6 55.4 37.1 p45.7 48.2 53.2 59.7 38.1 46.8 52.5 68.3 34.2 44.6 55.0 65.8 35.6 41.4 50.7 64.4 35.3 Over 6-month span: 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 55.4 41.4 54.7 59.7 33.1 45.7 46.0 54.0 49.3 29.1 43.2 45.7 51.4 48.2 28.1 38.1 47.1 54.3 36.7 36.0 41.7 46.0 52.5 36.7 p32.4 42.8 48.6 52.2 36.7 p33.5 41.0 52.9 55.4 28.4 42.1 50.4 61.2 31.3 43.5 51.8 61.5 33.5 43.2 51.4 64.7 35.3 44.2 52.5 66.2 32.7 45.0 51.8 65.1 28.1 Over 12-month span: 1995.............. 1996.............. 1997.............. 1998.............. 1999.............. 46.0 43.5 54.7 54.0 32.7 44.2 47.5 52.5 49.3 p27.0 46.0 45.3 54.0 46.0 p27.0 47.8 45.3 54.0 40.6 41.0 50.4 55.4 35.6 41.7 49.6 56.8 33.8 38.5 50.4 57.2 30.9 38.8 48.6 57.9 32.0 36.3 51.1 58.3 26.6 38.5 55.0 56.5 26.6 39.9 54.3 55.4 25.5 44.6 50.7 57.2 26.3 1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are centered within the span. p = preliminary. NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
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