Full text of The Employment Situation : September 1991
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Bureau of Labor Statistics
Technical information:
Media contact:
United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212
(202) 523-1371
523-1944
523-1959
523-1913
USDL 91-498
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS
RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
8:30 A.M. (EOT), FRIDIAY,
OCTOBER 4, 1991
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: SEPTEMBER 1991
Both unemployment and payroll employment were little changed in
September, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor
reported today- The unemployment rate was 6.7 percent; it had been 6.8
percent in both July and August.
Payroll eirployment, as measured by the business survey, was about
unchanged in September and has shown little growth since May. While total
employmentr as measured by the survey of households, showed an unusually
large seasonally adjusted increase in September, this followed a large
decline over the prior 2 months.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
Both the number of unemployed persons, 8.4 million, and the
unemployment rate, 6.7 percent, were little changed in September after
seasonal adjustment. The number of unemployed workers is 1.6 million above
July 1990, when the recession began, and the jobless rate is 1.2 percentage
points higher. (See table A-l.)
Jobless rates for adult men (6.5 percent), whites (6.0 percent), and
blacks (12.1 percent) were about the same as they had been in August, while
rates for adult women (5.5 percent) and teenagers (18.0 percent) declined
slightly. In contrast, the rate for Hispanics rose by 1.2 percentage
points to 11.1 percent in September. (See tables A-l and A-2.)
The number of unemployed persons who have lost their last jobs edged
up over the month to 4.8 million; this was 1.7 million higher than in July
1990. Job losers now comprise 56.3 percent of the total unemployed, up
from 46.5 percent in July 1990. (See table A-6.)
Long-term unenployment (15 weeks and over) has held about steady in
the past 2 months at a level (2.4 million) that is about 850,000 above the
July 1990 figure. The average and the median duration of unemployment, at
14.0 and 7.5 weeks, respectively, were also considerably higher than at the
onset of the recession. (See table A-5.)
At 6.4 million, the number of persons employed part tiine involuntarily
(often referred to as the partially unersployed) was up substantially in
September and was 1.4 million above the July 1990 level. (See table A-3.)
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity seasonally adjusted
Category
:
Quarterly
averages
I
1991
;
HOUSEBDID DKEA
II
Monthly data
July
I III
:
Aug.Sept.
;change
1991
1 Aug.
; Sept.
i
i
Thousands of persons
Civilian labor force.. ; 125,511; 125,242: 125,2141 124,904; 125,6071 703
I 116,958; 116,7641 116,712! 116,416! 117,165! 749
8,553! 8,477; 8,501; 8,488! 8,442; -46
Not in labor force.... : 64,012: 64,736: 64,625! 65,069! 64,515! -554
981! 1,075!
N.A. !
N.A. !
N.A. ! N.A.
Discouraged workers. !
t
i
i
i
;
Unemployment rates:
!
All workers
!
Adult men
Adult women..
!
Teenagers
White
Black
!
Hispanic origin...
»
•
t
i
i
i
:
I
«
i
Percent of labor force
i
6.8!
6.4!
5.7!
18.8!
6.01
12.9!
9.5!
•
i
ESTABLISHMENT M I A
*
6.8!
6.5!
5.5!
19.2!
6.1!
12.1!
10.2!
«
•
i
.
6.8!
6.5!
5.4!
20.6!
6.2!
11.8!
9.5!
*
6.8!
6.5!
5.7!
19.0!
6.1!
12.3!
9.9!
t
i
6.7!
6.5!
5.5!
18.0!
6.0!
12.1!
11.1!
i
i
-0.1
.0
-.2
-1.0
-.1
-.2
1.2
l
i
Thousands of jobs
Nonfarm enployment.... 108,836!plO8,918; 108,859!plO8,936!plO8,960!
Goods-producing 1/••
23,811! p23,800! 23,798! p23,820! p23,783!
Construction
4,704! p4,690! 4,695! p4,691! p4,685!
18,400! pl8,4l7! 18,402! pl8,436! pl8,414!
Manufacturing
Service-producing.1/! 85,025! p85,118! 85,061! p85,116! p85,177!
Retail trade
! 19,336! P19,349! 19,347! P19,343! pl9,357!
28,644! p28,8ll! 28,733! p28,812! p28,888!
Government
! 18,440; pl8,404; 18,420; pl8,409! pl8,382!
•
•
•
i
i
i
,
p24
p-37
p-6
p-22
p61
pl4
p76
p-27
,
,
Hours of work
Average weekly hours: \
Total private
\
Manufacturing
!
Overtime
,
34.3;
40.5:
3.5!
p34.3:
p40.9l
p3.7!
34.1!
40.7!
3.7:
p34.4!
p41.0!
P 3.8!
1/ Includes other industries, not shoi\7i separately.
N.A.-not available.
p34.5 pO.l
p40.9 p-.l
p3.7 P--1
- 3 Total Employment and the labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment was up by 750,000 in September/ after seasonal
adjustment, following a decline of 470,000 over the prior 2 months* The
number of employed persons is still about 715,000 lower than it was in July
1990- With the large over-the-month increase, the proportion of the
working-age population with jobs (the employment-population ratio) rose
three-tenths of a percentage point to 61.6 percent, still 1,1 points below
the July 1990 figure. (See table A-l.)
The labor force increased by 700,000 in September to 125-6 million/
about offsetting declines totaling 725,000 in July and August. Even with
this development, remarkably little growth has occurred over the past year
(625,000). The number of teenage workers has actually declined by 430,000
over the year, with the drop steaming both from a shrinking of their
population and lower participation rates. Participation was also down over
the year among adult men and was little changed among adult women.
Discouraged Workers (Household Survey Data)
The number of discouraged workers—persons who want to work but are
not looking for jobs because they could not find any—increased by about
100,000 in the third quarter of 1991 to a seasonally adjusted level of 1.1
million, the highest level since the first quarter of 1987* This figure
was about a quarter of a million higher than a year earlier but was still
much lower than the levels attained in the 1981-82 recession. (See table
A-ll.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Payroll employment changed little in September, following an increase
of 77,000 in August. Offsetting movements among the major industries
continued to limit job growth. September declines in the goods-producing
sector and in state and local government largely offset gains in the
private service-producing sector.
Manufacturing jobs declined by 22,000 in September, following
increases in the prior 2 months. Employment in most industries in both
durable and nondurable goods either remained flat or declined slightly.
The downward slide in the number of electronic equipment and aircraft
manufacturing jobs continued, and employment in the food processing
industry also decreased, returning to its June level.
Elsewhere in the goods-producing sector, mining enployment declined by
9,000, following a similar decrease in August. The number of construction
jobs edged down as well.
The private service-producing sector added 88,000 jobs in September,
but government lost another 27,000, as cutbacks at state and local levels
have begun to mount in recent months. Ernployment in the services industry
increased by 76,000, marking the fifth consecutive month of growth. There
was little growth in retail trade, which has edged up by 35,000 since April
following recessionary losses totaling nearly 400,000. Very little
enployment change took place elsewhere in the service-producing sector.
- 4 Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls inched upward 0-1 hour in September to 34,5 hours.
The overall workweek has risen by half an hour since April and is at about
the same level as when the recession began. In manufacturing, the workweek
edged down a tenth of an hour to 40.9 hours, still quite high by historical
standards and 0.7 hour above the low of 40.2 hours reached in April.
Overtime hours in manufacturing also slid back 0.1 hour in September to 3.7
hours. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of private production or
nonsupervisoiy workers increased by 0.5 percent to 122.1 (1982=100) in
September, after seasonal adjustment. For manufacturing, the index was
down 0.3 percent to 102.8, 4.3 percent below the level of July 1990 when
the recession began. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory
workers were up by 0.2 percent in September, seasonally adjusted. Average
weekly earnings increased by 0.5 percent. Prior to seasonal adjustment,
average hourly earnings increased by 16 cents to $10.46, and average weekly
earnings increased by $4.51 to $361.92. Over the year, average hourly
earnings increased by 3.1 percent and average weekly earnings by 2.5
percent. (See tables B-3 and B-4.)
The Employment Situation for October 1991 will be released on Friday,
November 1, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).
Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the
Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current
Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The
household survey provides the information on the labor force,
employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables,
marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
60,000 households that is conducted by the Bureau of the Census
with most of the findings analyzed and published by the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the
employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls
that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA.
This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in
cooperation with State agencies. The sample includes over
350,000 establishments employing over 41 million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey* unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the pay
period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond
directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal
adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each of
these factors is explained below.
Coverage, definitions, and differences
between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are selected so
as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population 16 years
of age and older. Each person in a household is classified as
employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Those who hold
more than one job are classified according to the job at which they
worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as
paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or on
their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise
operated by a member of their family, whether they were paid or
not. People are also counted as employed if they were on unpaid
leave because of illness, bad weather, labor-management disputes,
or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if they
meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during
the survey week; they were available for work at that time; and
they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their former jobs and
awaiting recall and those expecting to report to a job within 30
days need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed.
The civilian labor force equals the sum of the number employed
and the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
number unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force. Table
A-7 presents a special grouping of seven measures of
unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and
the labor force. The definitions are provided in the table. The
most restrictive definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive
yields U-7. The civilian worker unemployment rate is U-5b, while
U-5a» the overall unemployment rate, includes the resident Armed
Forces in the labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonfarm firms. As a result, there are many
differences between the two surveys, among which are the
following:
• The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a
larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes
agriculture, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private
household workers;
• The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed; the establishment survey does not;
• The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older, the
establishment survey is not limited by age;
• The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each
individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees
working at more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one
payroll would be counted separately for each appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are described in
"Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll
Surveys," which may be obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and
the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp
fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather,
reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and .the
opening and closing of schools. For example, the labor force
increases by a large number each June, when schools close and
many young people enter the job market. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large; over the course of a year, for
example, seasonality may account for as much as 95 percent of the
month-to-month changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These
adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in
economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the
labor force, easier to spot. To return to the school's-out example,
the large number of people entering the labor force each June is
likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place since
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of
students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics
for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable
change. Insofar as the seasonal* adjustment is made correctly, the
adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze
changes in economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all
employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted
either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the components
and combining them. The second procedure usually yields more
accurate information and is therefore followed by BLS. For
example, the seasonally adjusted figure for the civilian labor force
is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted employment components
and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the total
for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment
components; and the unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of the
civilian labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the JulyDecember period. For the establishment survey, updated factors
for seasonal adjustment are calculated for the May-October period
and introduced along with new benchmarks, and again for the
November-April period. In both surveys, revisions to historical
data are made once a year.
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are
subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the number of
people employed and the other estimates drawn from these surveys
probably differ from the figures that would be obtained from a
complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures
were used. In the household survey, the amount of the differences
can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value
of a standard error depends upon the size of the sample, the results
of the survey, and other factors. However, the numerical value is
always such that the chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that
an estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than the
standard error from the results of a complete census. The chances
are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the
sample will differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error
from the results of a complete census. At approximately the 90percent level of confidence-the confidence limits used by BLS in
its analyses-the error for the monthly change in total employment
is on the order of plus or minus 358,000; for total unemployment it
is 224,000; and, for the civilian worker unemployment rate, it is
0.19 percentage points. These figures do not mean that the sample
results are off by these magnitudes but, rather, that the chances are
approximately 90 out of 100 that the "true" level or rate would not
be expected to differ from the estimates by more than these
amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the data
are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or annually.
Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the larger the
sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the estimate of the
size of the labor force is subject to less error than is the estimate of
the number unemployed. And, among the unemployed, the
sampling error for the jobless rate of adult men, for example, is
much smaller than is the error for the jobless rate of teenagers.
Specifically, the error on monthly change in the jobless rate for
men is 25 percentage point; for teenagers, it is 1.29 percentage
points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the most current 2
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are revised
In other words, data for the month of September are published in
preliminary form in October and November and in final form in
December.
To remove errors that build up over time, a
comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The
results of
this survey are used to establish new
benchmarks-comprehensive counts of employment-against which
month-to-month changes can be measured. The new benchmarks
also incorporate changes in the classification of industries and
allow for the formation of new establishments.
Additional statistics and other Information
In order to provide a broad view of the nation's employment
situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data in this
news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in
Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is
available for $9.50 per issue or $29.00 per year from the U.S.
Government Printing Office, Washington, DC 20204. A check or
money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must
accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of the
standard errors for the household survey data published in this
release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, the
standard errors appear in tables B through J of its "Explanatory
Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the
establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to
benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of
that publication.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sax and age
(Numbers In thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age
Sept.
1990
Aug.
1991
Sept.
1991
Sept.
1990
May
1991
June
1991
July
1991
Aug.
1991
Sept.
1991
188/01
124.779
66.2
117,961
62.6
3.289
114,672
6,818
6.5
63622
189,973
126.097
66.4
117,859
62.0
3.607
114,253
8.237
6.5
63.877
190.122
125.405
66.0
117,335
61.7
3,425
113,910
6,070
6.4
64,717
188,401
124,970
66.3
117,883
62.6
3,194
114,689
7,087
5.7
63.431
189,522
125^32
66.1
116,591
61.5
3,272
113.319
8,640
6.9
64291
189.668
125.629
116,884
61.6
3.308
113.576
8.745
7.0
64,039
189,839
125214
66.0
116.712
61.5
3,239
113/74
8,501
6.8
64.625
169.973
124.904
65.7
116/16
61.3
3.266
113,150
8.488
6.8
66.069
190,122
125,607
66.1
117,165
61.6
3,306
113.859
8.442
6.7
64,515
69,830
68,128
75.8
64.612
71.9
3.516
52
90.658
69,100
762
64.698
71.4
4/02
89.830
68.373
76.1
64/12
71.7
3.961
5.8
90/17
68.401
75.7
63.443
702
4,957
7.2
90/94
68,448
75.6
63.405
70.1
5,043
7/
90,592
6/
90,736
68/81
75.5
64,069
70.6
4/12
6.4
75.5
63,389
70.0
5,001
7.3
90,658
68,210
752
63,328
69.9
4,882
72
90,736
68,812
75.8
63,836
70/
4,976
72
82,940
64,576
77.9
61,651
74.3
2,387
59,264
2,925
4.5
83.940
65,031
77.5
61,261
73.0
2,547
58,714
3.770
5.6
84,023
65.087
77.5
61,338
73.0
2,520
58.818
3.749
5.8
82.940
64.572
77.9
61.248
73.8
2.299
58,949
63,636
64.741
77/
60,556
72/
2.368
58.188
4.164
6.5
63,748
64,897
77.5
60,625
72/
2.438
58,187
4272
6.6
83.865
64,934
77.4
60,683
72/
2.381
56,302
4,251
6.5
83,940
64,830
772
60,613
722
2.365
56248
4217
8.5
84,023
65,155
77.5
60,890
72.5
2/23
58.467
4265
6.5
96.571
56.651
57.5
53,350
54.1
3.302
5.8
99,315
56.996
57/
53,161
53.5
3,835
6.7
99.386
56.924
57.3
53,266
53.6
3.659
98,571
56.597
67/
53/71
99,248
56.824
57.3
53,323
53.7
3.500
62
99.386
56.796
57.1
53.330
53.7
3.126
5.5
99.174
57,181
57.7
53/79
53.9
3.702
6.5
99,315
56.694
57.1
53,088
53.5
6/
99.105
56.831
57.3
53.148
53.6
3,683
6.5
3.606
6/
3/66
91.765
53.322
58.1
50.531
55,1
661
49.870
2,790
5.2
92,720
53.382
57.6
50.117
54.1
682
49,434
3,266
6.1
92,797
53,867
56.0
50,742
54.7
715
50.027
3,125
5.8
91.765
53,129
57.9
50,504
55.0
633
49,871
2.625
4.9
92/54
53/60
57.8
50,363
54.5
633
49.731
3.117
5.8
92.546
582
50,723
54.8
617
50.106
3.160
5.9
92.654
53,617
57.9
50.738
54.8
601
50.136
£879
5.4
02,720
53.616
57.8
50,575
54.5
642
49,933
3,041
5.7
02,797
53.596
57.8
50,656
54.6
679
49.977
2,940
5.5
13,696
6.882
50.2
5,779
422
242
5.537
1.103
16.0
13,313
7,683
57.7
6,482
48.7
377
6.105
1,202
15.6
13.302
6/51
48.5
5,255
39.5
190
5.064
1.196
18.5
13.696
7,269
53.1
6,131
44.8
262
5.869
1.138
15.7
13.432
7.011
522
5,672
422
271
5.401
1.339
19.1
13,374
6.B50
512
5.537
41/
254
5283
1.313
192
13,320
6.662
50.0
5,291
39.7
256
5,035
1.371
20.6
13.313
6/58
48.5
5228
39.3
259
4,969
1230
19.0
13,302
6,856
51.5
5,619
422
204
5/15
1237
18.0
TOTAL
CMIiannonlnstku * i population ,
Civilian labor foroe.
Participation m e «
Employed..
Em^oyrnent-population ratio.
Agriculture .
Nonagricultural Industries.»..
Unempbyed .....
Unemployment rate.
Not In labor force
662
Men, 16 year* and over
CMlan noninstltutional populate
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
.....
Errpbyedoyment-populatlon ratio.,
Urn
Unemployment rate.
Men, 20 yeara and over
Ckflian nonlnstltutionai population .........
Civilian labor force...
Participation m e . .
Employed..
Employment-population ratio.
Agriculture .
Nonagricultural Industries.
yed.
Urv
Unemployment rate .
5.1
Women, 16 yeara and over
CMIannonhttkuttonal population
Civilian labor force.
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratb.
Unemployed .
UnernployTnsnt rate.
542
6.1
Women, 20 yeara and over
Civltan nonlnstkuUon
Civilian labor force.
Participation rate ....,
Employed..
Ei i qjJoymertt*popul8tiort ratio Agriculture .
Nonagricuttural Industrie^
Unempto
Jnemployed ...... w w .
Unenptoyrnentrate.
Both eexee, 16 to 19 yeara
CMItan noninstltutional population
Civilian labor force.
Participation rate.
Employed m
Ernplovrnent-population mio..
Agriculture .
Nonagricultural Industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore. Identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns,
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Tabl« A*2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sax, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers In thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Sept
1090
Aug.
1991
Sept
1991
Sept
1990
May
1991
June
1991
July
1991
Aug.
1991
Sept
1991
160,640
107,261
66.8
102.277
63.7
4,984
4.6
161.642
108,079
66.9
101.B05
63.0
6,273
5.8
161,738
107.414
160,640
107.391
66.9
102,192
161,449
107,745
66.7
101,046
62.6
6.699
62
161.558
107,382
66.5
100.760
624
6,622
62
161,642
107.090
5.199
43
161,357
107,491
66.6
100.944
62.6
6.547
6.1
6,480
6.1
161,738
107,618
66.5
101,112
62.5
6,505
6.0
Man, 20 years and ovar
CrvHIan labor force....
Participation rate...
Employed.
Employment-population ratio....
Unemployed
Urternployment rate
56.116
78.3
53.990
754
2,125
3.8
56.414
77.9
63.463
735
2,950
52
56,426
773
53,444
733
2,982
53
56.119
783
53,675
74.9
2.444
44
56.210
77.9
53.025
73.5
3.185
5.7
56.267
77.9
52,962
73.3
3,304
53
56.344
773
52.960
732
3.385
63
56,252
77.7
52.934
73.1
3.318
53
56.532
78.0
53.072
733
3.459
6.1
Woman, 20 years and ovar
Civilian labor force.
Participation rate
Employed...
ErTployrnent-pcoulattan ratio
Unemployed
„
......
Unemployment rate
„...............„—.......
45,166
57.9
43,155
55.3
2,011
4.5
45.061
42.611
542
2.450
54
45,401
57.7
43.121
543
2.280
5.0
44.984
57.7
43.101
553
1.883
42
45.242
57.7
42,932
54.7
2,310
5.1
45.572
58.0
43.213
55.0
2,360
52
45,316
57.7
43.137
54.9
2.179
43
45254
57.6
42,998
54.7
2256
53
45,176
574
43,035
54.7
2.141
4.7
5.979
54.3
5.132
46.6
847
142
15.0
133
6.604
62.0
5,731
533
873
132
132
132
5,587
523
4,711
443
877
15.7
163
143
6288
57.1
5,416
492
872
133
153
12.6
6.039
563
4,987
463
1,052
174
193
154
5.906
553
4,871
45.6
1.035
17.5
193
143
6.722
53.7
4,663
43.7
1,059
183
20.0
163
5,584
523
4,678
433
906
162
163
153
5.910
553
5.005
47.1
905
153
164
14.1
21.361
13.425
623
11.655
55.5
1.569
11.7
21,655
13,629
62.9
11,971
553
1.658
122
21,683
13,685
63.1
12,055
553
1.630
113
21,361
13,476
63.1
11,869
553
1,607
11.9
21,569
13,472
62.5
11,727
544
1,745
133
21,595
13,613
63J0
11,837
543
1,777
13.1
21,631
13,516
62.5
11.922
55.1
1,595
113
21.655
13.454
62.1
11,796
543
1,658
123
21,683
13,737
634
12.080
55.7
1.657
12.1
Man, 20 yaars and ovar
CfviHan labor force
Participation rate
Employed
——
Enptcyment-population ratio
...
Unemployed
.
.....—
Unemployment rate
6.332
74.1
5.658
66.3
674
10.6
6,340
72.9
5,655
65.0
685
103
6.417
73.6
5.773
662
644
10.0
6,324
74.1
5,597
65.5
727
11.5
6,265
72.6
5,475
63.5
790
12.6
6,399
733
5.584
643
815
12.7
6.379
73.5
5.638
64.9
741
113
8.301
724
5.577
64.1
724
6.409
73.5'
5.716
65.6
693
103
Woman, 20 years and ovar
Civilian labor force...
Participation rate,
Employed
Employment-population ratio ....
Unemployed .
Unemployment rate .. -
6.362
59.5
5,682
532
680
10.7
6.458
594
5.764
53.1
694
10.7
6,574
604
5.855
533
719
10.9
6,362
59.5
5.716
53.5
646
102
6,459
69.7
5,755
532
705
10.9
6,483
593
5.768
532
715
6.418
592
5.813
533
605
94
6.485
59.7
5,818
53.5
669
103
6.576
604
5,896
542
680
103
731
342
515
24.1
215
29.5
30.5
264
832
39.7
553
264
278
33.5
303
373
694
332
427
204
267
383
40.6
35.7
790
373
556
263
234
29.6
314
27.6
747
35.1
497
233
250
333
36.7
30.1
732
343
485
233
247
33.7
374
283
719
343
470
224
249
34.6
313
374
313
403
193
265
39.7
375
423
752
36.0
468
224
284
37.8
403
333
WHITE
CIvfKart nonlnstltutionaJ population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
...................
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
Both sexes, 16 t o 19 years
Civilian tabor force
Partlctxtbn rate
Employed.
Errptoyrnem-populatlon ratio..
Unemployed
Unemployment rate .
673
664
101,276
62.6
6.138
5.7
633
663
100,610
622
BLACK
CIviKan noninstftutJona) population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Errployed
—
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployrnem rate
—
„
Both sexes, 16 t o 19 ysars
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
..
Employment-population ratio.,
Unemployed ..„
Unemployment rate
~
Women" "™1!!™Z™Z
See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Sept
1990
Aug.
1991
Sept
1991
Sept
1990
May
1991
June
1991
July
1991
Aug.
1991
Sept
1991
14,396
9.629
665
8.852
61.5
777
8.1
14.829
9.933
67.0
8,945
60.3
988
9.9
14.869
9.846
662
8,808
592
1,038
10.5
14,396
9,632
66.9
8,809
612
823
8.5
14.711
9,695
65.9
8,756
59.5
939
9.7
14.751
9.737
66.0
8.781
59.5
956
9.6
14.790
9,834
66.S
8,903
602
931
9.5
14,829
9,747
65.7
8,778
592
969
9.9
14,869
9.863
66.3
8,764
58.9
1,098
11.1
HISPANIC ORIGIN
•
Civilian nonlnstftutiona) population
Civilian labor force
-
«
Errployed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed ....
Unemployment rate .........
»«»
......
-
-
.......
-
1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonaJ variation; therefore.
Identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail lor the above race and Hispanic-origin groups wfll not sum to
totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented and
Hispanlcs are included in both the white and black population groups.
Table A-3. Selected •mployment Indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Category
1991
Sept
1991
Sept
1990
May
1991
June
1991
July
1991
Aug.
1991
Sept
1991
117,859
40,502
29,347
6,402
117,335
40.753
29,933
6.554
117.883
40,833
29.797
6,376
116,591
40280
29,608
6350
116,884
40.337
29,877
6520
116.712
40.503
29.993
6489
116.416
40.462
29,915
6467
117,165
40.510
29,843
6 574
30,558
36,358
15,719
13,626
18.047
3.654
30.441
36,091
16,337
13.35]
17,615
4,024
30,965
35.879
15.946
13.084
17.793
3.668
30,572
36.541
15.889
13,604
17,814
3,449
30,908
36,233
15,793
13,181
17,188
3.451
30,842
36283
16,142
13.207
16,974
3,502
30,926
35.891
16,138
13.057
17,184
3,540
30,850
35,876
15,939
13.102
17,121
3.466
31,002
36,096
16.075
13.045
17.509
3.451
1.822
1,364
103
1.920
1.555
132
1.807
1,510
109
1.752
1293
108
1,703
1.421
117
1.748
1,431
115
1.678
1,497
120
1,704
1.480
102
1.746
1.431
116
105.612
17,467
88.146
1,026
..........
87,120
8.810
„
250
105,099
17281
87.818
1,157
86.661
8,949
204
104,727
17,847
86.880
982
85.898
8.980
203
105,686
17.597
88.089
1.067
87.022
8,809
238
104,613
17,904
86,709
934
85,775
8,732
206
104.345
17.898
86,447
1,005
85,441
8.968
260
104.422
17.969
66,453
1,113
85,340
8.860
229
104.122
17.908
86.214
1.058
85.156
8.817
212
104,744
17,955
86.789
1.013
85,775
8.980
195
Sept
1990
CHARACTERISTIC
CJvilan employed, 16 years and over ................................... 117.961
41.083
Married men soouso oresont „„ .
.m,............
29.869
Married women, spouse present
6.350
Women who maintain families...
.
OCCUPATION
...................
Managerial and profei skxtal specialty
Technical, sales, and tdmjnistrative support......................
Service occupations .
Precision production. (sraft.and repair „
..
Operators, fabricators and laborers
«
«
Farming, forestry, and fishing
INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary woi Ken
Self•employed worksfS
Unpaid family workeri ..,.,„,
NortagricukuraJ Indus! rfes:
Wage and salary wot k*nj „
Government
Private Industries..
Private household*I...... „„»*
Other industries..
Self-employed worksft ...„,
Unpaid family worker% „,„„
,
„.......„„..„............ i
, .*.........
„„......„......„..
w
„
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
1
Al industries:
Part time tor economte reasons
„
„
Slack work
Could only find part -time work ,.»!!!Z.Z""ZZ!L
Voluntary part time .
4,941
2.386
2.245
15.482
6.187
2.919
2,863
12.152
5.941
3.048
2,545
15.317
5.301
2,658
2.408
15250
5.932
3.138
2.556
14,876
5,705
3.146
2.325
15.598
5,881
3.091
2.505
15.208
5.892
3,073
2,621
15.040
6,374
3.417
2.728
15.046
Nonagricukural Industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work .....
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
M
4,660
2.203
2.157
15.036
5.869
2.733
2.771
11,673
5.615
2.629
2,445
14,827
5,051
2.482
2.333
14,823
5,702
2,971
2.463
14,377
5.425
2.964
2229
15.168
5,605
2,915
2,435
14.737
5.643
2.886
2.533
14,591
6.130
3.207
2,638
14,579
„
™
_
„
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work' during the survey period for
such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Tabfo A-4. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Category
Unemployment rates1
Sept
1990
May
1991
June
1991
July
1991
Aug.
1991
Sept
1991
8,442
4,265
2.940
1.237
5.7
5.1
4.9
15.7
6.9
6.5
5.8
19.1
7.0
6.6
5.9
6.8
6.5
54
20.6
6.8
6.5
5.7
19.0
6.7
6.5
5.5
18.0
1.823
1,379
688
1,889
1,418
639
3.5
3.9
8.7
4.4
4.6
9.1
4.7
4.7
9.2
4.3
4.3
8.3
4.3
4.4
9.6
4.5
4.5
8.9
5,736
1,294
6.994
1.472
6,892
1.492
5.4
72.
6.4
6.5
9.0
7.7
6.6
8.6
7.6
6.5
8.3
7.5
6.5
8.2
7.6
6.4
8.3
7.7
705
1,654
946
1,591
228
937
1,908
1.191
1.933
307
891
1.921
1.138
1,880
304
2.3
4.3
6.5
8.2
6.2
3.0
5.3
8.0
10.2
7.1
2.8
5.2
7.8
11.5
7.6
2.9
4.9
8.5
10.6
6.7
2.9
5.1
8.3
10.1
8.1
2.8
5.1
8.0
9.7
8.1
5,466
2.036
27
751
1,258
776
483
3.430
258
1.568
1,604
511
179
6.517
2.500
58
919
1.523
917
606
4.017
343
1,772
1,902
604
231
6.461
£459
85
956
1.419
838
581
4,001
313
1,851
1,837
638
214
5.8
7.1
3.8
12.0
5.8
6.0
5.4
5.3
3.9
6.6
4.7
2.8
9.3
72
9.0
6.4
14.7
7.4
7.7
7.0
6.4
5.5
7.7
5.7
3.2
11.2
7.4
9.7
8.5
15.6
8.2
8.4
7.9
6.3
5.4
7.6
5.7
2.8
122
7.1
9.1
8.7
16.7
7.0
7.1
6.9
6.2
5.1
8.1
5.1
2.8
11.5
7.0
8.9
7.5
15.1
72
7.4
6.9
6.2
5.1
7.6
5.5
3.3
11.9
6.9
8.7
11 1
15.7
6.6
6.7
6.6
6.2
4.7
7.8
5.3
3.4
10.9
Sept
1990
Aug.
1991
Sept
1991
7,087
3,324
2,625
1.138
8,488
4,217
3,041
1.230
Married men, spouse present
....................
Married women, spouse present .........•*............•••..•..
•
Women who maintain families
-
1,469
1.225
610
Full-time workers .......
Part-time workers
Labor force time tost2 ...
CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 yearsfindover ..................................I..
Man, 20 years and over —
«
Women. 20 years and over
Both sexes. 16 to 19 years
.
»
......
..
OCCUPATION3
Managerial and professional specialty
~
Technical, sales, and administrative support
Precision production, craft, and repair
Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Farming, forestry, and fishing .........................................
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultura> private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
.......
«
Construction
*............
Manufacturinfl
••>......
mi ,, nm ,.. n , m nnmi
Durable goods ..............................................................
Service-producing Industries
..
Transportation and public utKlties
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
„
...—........
Agricultural wage and salary workers —.................—.........
1
available because the seasonal components are small relatfee to the
trend-cycle and/or Irregular components and consequently cannot be
separated wtth sufficient precision.
Unemployment as a percent of the dvilian labor force.
Aggregate hours tost by the unemployed and persons on part time for
economic reasons as a percent of potentially available tabor force hours.
3
Seasonafty adjusted unemployment data for service occupations are not
2
Table A-5. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Weeks of unemployment
Sept
1990
Aug.
1991
Sept
1991
Sept
1990
May
1991
June
1991
July
1991
1991
Sept
1991
3,230
2,112
1.476
755
721
3,307
2,743
2,188
1,014
1,174
3,452
2,433
2.185
1.087
1.098
3.087
2,452
1.605
861
744
3,654
2,717
Z234
1,206
1,028
3.427
2,862
2.673
1.411
1.162
3,368
2.722
2,348
1.215
1.132
3,385
2.602
2.396
1.221
1.175
3.322
2.832
2.362
1,224
1.138
12.2
5.1
13.9
7.1
13.9
6.3
12.4
6.1
12.9
6.5
14.2
6.9
13.9
6.6
14.0
72
14.0
7.5
100.0
47.4
31.0
21.6
11.1
10.6
100.0
40.1
33.3
26.6
12.3
14.2
100.0
42.8
30.2
27.1
13.5
13.6
100.0
43.2
34.3
22.5
12.1
10.4
100.0
42.5
31.6
26.0
14.0
11.9
100.0
38.7
32.3
29.0
15.9
13.1
100.0
39.9
32.3
27.8
14.4
13.4
100.0
40.4
31.0
28.6
14.6
14.0
100.0
39.0
33.3
27.7
14.4
13.4
DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
-
«
.......
-
.
Average (mean) duration. In weeks
Median duration, In weeks
.....
-
„
»
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total .unemployed
Less than 5 weeks ......
5 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and ovef
15 to 26 weeks
-.!
27 weeks and over
.......
"".
»
„
...
-
.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Reason for unemployment
(Nurnbers In thousands)
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason
Sept
1990
Aug.
1991
Sept
1991
Sept
1990
May
1991
June
1991
July
1991
Aug.
1991
Sept
1991
3,097
826
2,271
1,055
2,074
591
4,320
1,061
3,259
963
2.180
775
4,196
831
i!026
2.142
706
3,519
1,111
2.408
954
1,952
663
4,657
1,343
3.314
1.053
2,202
779
4,869
1.389
3,481
1,090
2.143
741
4,596
1,188
3,408
990
2,047
821
4,665
1.281
3,384
883
2.112
762
4.801
1.129
3,672
929
2.017
782
100.0
45.4
12.1
33.3
15.5
30.4
87
100.0
52.4
12.9
39.6
11.7
26.5
9.4
100.0
52.0
10.3
41.7
12.7
26.5
8.7
100.0
49.6
15.7
34.0
13.5
27.5
9.4
100.0
53.6
15.5
38.1
12.1
25.3
9.0
100.0
55.1
15.7
394
12.3
24.2
8.4
100.0
54.4
14.1
40.3
11.7
24.2
9.7
100.0
55.4
15.2
402
10.5
25.1
9.0
100.0
56.3
13.2
43.1
10.9
23.6
9.2
2.5
.8
1.7
.5
3.4
.8
1.7
.6
3.3
2.8
.8
1.6
.5
3.7
.8
1.8
.6
3.9
.9
1.7
.6
3.7
.8
1.6
.7
3.7
.7
1.7
.6
3.8
.7
1.6
.6
NUMBER OP UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
•
-
On layoff
»»....„..
..........
.«...«»
«...
Othtr lob losers
..«....„...««.....-.«..
Job leavers .„ ,.-««•..„
-....
Reentrants
.
.«
••«»•
N e w entrants .,..,-........«........^»...............».—«.«........•"«
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers
On layoff
Other job lotert
jolj igcv^ni
Reentrants
•
New entrants
.
..........i
-............«««-....
—•••«
..........
. ••
...............
„...„„,„,................................,...—....
.
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT Of THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Joblosen
1U11111
Jobleaven
Roontrants
„
.,
.....
J
New entrants ....—«......,.......—.»....«..........-.......».........-.»..
.8
1.7
.6
Table A-7. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force, seasonally
adjusted
(Percent)
Quarterly averages
Measure
III
Monthly data
1991
1991
1990
IV
1
II
III
July
Aug.
Sept
L M Parsons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the dvllan
labor force
1.3
1.3
1.6
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
1.9
U-2 Job losers as a percent of the dvllan labor force
2.7
3.0
3.5
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.7
3.8
5.3
5.5
54
5.3
5J
5.4
6.3
6.5
6.5
6.5
6.5
M
6.4
6.7
6.7
8.7
8.7
6.6
6.8
.
U-3 Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the civilian
labor force for persons 25 years and over............ ................. ....................
4.4
U-4 Unemployed ful-time Jobseekers as a percent of the ful-time cMlan
labor force..._.«-...............
«
U-Se Total unemployed aa a percent of the labor forte,
Inducing tfw reeident Armed Forces
5.7
5.5
U-5b Total unempJoyedee a percent of the civilian labor
U-6 Total f uMJme Jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time Jobteetofs plus 1/2 total
onparttimefofecofK)mteTW»ort$a«apwt»rto*th«cWftanlabor
force less 1/2 of the part-time labor force . „ .
5.6
5.9
6.5
6.8
6.8
7.6
8.1
9.0
9.2
9.2
8.3
8.9
9.8
10.0
10.1
6.7
9.3
U-7 Total ful-tlme Jobseekars plus 1/2 part-time Jobseekers plus 1/2 total
percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less
1/2 of the part-time labor force
w
* not available.
NA
NA
NA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Tabls A-8. Unemployed parsons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)
Sex and age
Unemployment rates1
Sept
1990
Aug.
1991
Sept
1991
Sept
1990
May
1991
June
1991
July
1991
Aug.
1991
Sept
1991
7,087
2.426
1,138
506
654
1.288
4.652
4,136
514
8.488
2.678
1.230
555
667
1.448
5.765
5,107
645
8.442
2,725
1.237
549
711
1,486
5.720
5.135
589
5.7
11.5
15.7
18.4
14.5
9.3
4.5
4.7
3.3
6.9
13.8
19.1
20.4
18.9
11.2
5.5
5.7
4.1
7.0
13.8
19.2
20.2
18.6
11.1
5.6
5.8
4.5
6.8
14.3
20.6
24.0
18.0
11.2
5.3
5.6
4.0
6.8
13.4
19.0
22.0
16.8
10.7
5.5
5.7
42
6.7
135
18.0
20.5
17.0
10.8
5.4
5.7
3.8
16 to 24 years
.......
16 to 19 yean
«
-....«
16 to 17 years «
18 to 19 years »
«.....„...........—..«»....«.....«......
20 to 24 years „„.».»*»»........»
.........................
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over
~....
3,961
1,319
637
273
375
682
2.616
2.284
337
4.882
1.508
665
296
369
843
3.330
2.894
427
4,976
1.607
711
300
418
896
3,345
2.979
366
5.8
11.9
16.8
18.9
16.0
9.4
4.6
4.7
3.8
7.2
14.5
21.1
21.2
21.7
11.2
5.8
6.1
4.7
7.4
15.1
21.7
20.5
22.3
11.9
5.9
5.9
4.7
7.3
154
21.7
24.1
19.2
12.5
5.7
6.0
4.7
12
14.2
19.7
22.9
17.6
11.6
5.8
5.9
5.0
12
14.6
194
21.5
18.6
12.2
5.8
6.1
42
Women. 16 years and over...»
......................._....„.
16 to 24 years
—.....„!!........
w
16 to 19 years >.„
»
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
......_..................H........
25 years and over ....—..............................-.....••••......•.*......»«
25 to 54 years ..„!..» ..
...................... ..........
55 years and over
...............................................
3,126
1,107
501
233
279
606
2,038
1.852
177
3.606
1.171
565
259
298
606
2.435
2.212
217
3/66
1,118
526
249
293
592
2.375
2.155
223
5.5
11.0
14.4
17.8
12.9
9.2
4.4
4.6
2.7
6.5
13.1
16.9
19.5
15.8
11.1
5.1
5.4
3.3
6.5
12.4
16.4
19.9
14.6
10.3
5.3
5.5
42
6.2
13.0
19.4
23.9
16.7
9.8
4.8
5.0
3.1
6.4
12.5
184
20.9
16.0
9.6
5.1
54
3.3
6.1
11.7
164
19.5
15.2
9.3
5.0
5.3
3.3
TotaJ. 16 years and o v e r . . ............
16 to 24 years .. ...,...».«..».......••••...
.................
16 to 19 years .............
«
16 to 17 years .............
..........................
«
18 to 19 years
2 0 t o 2 4 years .."
2 5 years and over — ...»••••.•...*....».....»..«•...•.••••••«••***•»••»•••»••»«•»••••
2 5 to 54 yea's
....................
.......
5 5 years and over ....•••*........»».....
...».................,»*
MAfl 16 VA3K Bnd 0S/0T •
....... .............
Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Table A-8. Employment status of mats Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
{Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Unemployed
Chrtlan
noninstttutional
population
Veteran status
and age
Employed
TotaJ
Number
Sept
1990
Sept
1991
Sept
1990
Sept
1991
Sept
1990
Sept
1991
7.668
6.507
1.360
3,265
1.882
1,161
7,805
6.441
1.109
3,031
2.301
1.364
7,010
6.166
1.295
3,096
1.775
844
7.120
6.096
1.040
2.902
2.153
1.025
6,742
5.916
1,216
2.975
1.725
825
6.762
5.777
957
£756
2.063
986
268
250
79
121
50
19
17.623
8,094
5.334
4.195
18.576
8.516
5,838
4,222
16.520
7.678
4.971
3,873
17.360
6,041
5,434
3.886
15,968
7,420
4.797
3.751
16.588
7.666
5,207
3,716
553
256
174
122
Sept
1990
Percent of
labor force
Sept
1991
Sept
1990
Sept
1991
358
319
83
146
90
39
3.8
4.0
6.1
3.9
2.8
22
5.0
52
8.0
5.0
42
3.8
772
375
227
170
3.3
3.3
3.5
32
44
4.7
42
44
VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 35 years and over
35 to 49 years 35 to 39 years
40to44 years ..
45to49 years „"".
50 years and over
*
««...........",
......
-
NONVETERANS
Total, 35 to 49 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
-
NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served In the Armed Forces
between August 5. 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men who have
never served in the Armed Forces; published data ato limited to those 35 to 49
years of age, the group that most dosefy corresponds to the bulk of the
Vietnam-era veteran population.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A*10. Employment status of the civilian population for 11 large states
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted*>
Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status
Sept.
1990
Aug.
1991
Sept
1991
Sept
1990
May
1991
June
1991
July
1991
Aug.
1991
Sept.
1991
22,039
14,608
13,761
846
5.8
22,486
15,024
13,942
1,082
7.2
22,528
14,969
13,846
1,123
7.5
22,039
14,634
13,764
870
5.9
22,363
14,655
13,530
1,125
7.7
22,403
14,753
13,545
1,208
8.2
22,447
14,725
13,609
1,116
7.6
22,486
14,885
13,796
1,089
7.3
22,528
15,006
13,853
1,153
77
10,169
6,419
6,024
395
6.2
10,384
6.556
6,010
546
8.3
10,404
6,473
5,954
519
8.0
10,169
6,420
6,030
390
6.1
10,324
6,405
5,927
478
7.5
10,344
6,396
5,918
478
7.5
10,365
6,413
5.913
500
7.8
10,384
6,480
5,956
524
8.1
101404
6,474
5,958
516
8.0
8,882
6,029
5,636
393
6.5
8,922
6,095
5,654
441
7.2
8,926
6,010
5,612
398
6.6
8,882
6,010
5,587
423
7.0
8,910
5,979
5,623
356
6.0
8,914
6,061
5,620
441
7.3
8,919
6,042
5,636
406
6.7
8,922
6,035
5.598
437
7.2
8,926
5,995
5,569
426
7.1
4,621
3,147
2,953
194
6.2
4,624
3,109
2,834
275
8.8
4,624
3,125
2,846
279
8.9
4,621
3,167
£966
201
6.3
4,623
3,130
2,828
302
9.6
4,623
3,105
2,810
295
9.5
4,624
3,099
2,818
281
9.1
4,624
3,047
2,768
279
9.2
4,624
3,141
2,853
288
9.2
7,003
4,579
4,265
315
6.9
7,019
4,532
4,138
393
8.7
7,020
4,510
4,093
417
9.2
7,003
4,570
4,238
332
7.3
7,014
4,545
4,110
435
9.6
7,015
4,552
4,138
414
9.1
7.018
4,446
4,075
371
8.3
7,019
4,428
4,026
402
9.1
7,020
4,502
4,065
437
9.7
6,027
4,041
3,838
203
50
6,025
4,076
3,817
258
63
6,025
4,018
3,777
241
60
6,027
4,075
3,862
213
52
6,025
3,985
3,716
269
68
6,025
4,058
3,789
269
66
6,026
4,054
3,800
254
63
6,025
4,033
3,764
269
67
6,025
4,047
3,795
252
62
13,801
8,671
8,198
473
5.5
13,801
8,614
7.993
621
7.2
13,802
8,557
7,975
582
6.8
13,801
8,711
8.237
474
5.4
13,799
8,712
8,071
641
7.4
13.800
8.642
7,978
664
7.7
13,802
8,511
7,909
602
7.1
13,801
8.536
7,894
642
7.5
13,802
8,601
8,016
585
6.8
California
Civilian noninstitutional Dooulation
Civilian labor fore©
Employed
Unemployed ..
....
...
...
Unemployment rat©
;
..... .
Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed. . . . . „ . "
Un employed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian tabor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Employment status of the civilian population for 11 large states — Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted2
Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status
Sept
1990
Aug.
1991
Sept
1991
Sept
1990
May
1991
June
1991
July
1991
Aug.
1991
Sept
1991
5,012
3,397
3,286
110
3.3
5,069
3,514
3,322
192
5.5
5,075
3,530
3,342
187
5.3
5.012
3.413
3,282
131
3.8
5,053
3,412
3,183
229
6.7
5.058
3,443
3,230
213
6.2
5,064
3,426
3,214
212
6.2
5,069
3,476
3,272
204
5.9
5,075
3,545
3,336
209
5.9
8,290
5,436
5,177
259
4.8
8.314
5.429
5.102
327
6.0
8,316
5,435
5,126
309
5.7
8,290
5,447
5,156
291
5.3
8.306
5,467
5,163
304
5.6
8,309
5.447
5,100
347
6.4
8,312
5,497
5,119
378
6.9
8.314
5,373
5.008
365
6.8
8.316
5,443
5,095
348
6.4
9,393
5,858
5,561
297
9,419
5,915
5,542
373
6.3
9,393
5.870
5,549
321
5.5
9,409
5.969
5.510
459
7.7
9,411
5.940
5,543
397
6.7
9,415
5,952
5,534
418
7.0
9,416
5,908
5.475
433
7.3
9,419
5,921
5,520
5.1
9,416
5,950
5,566
384
6.5
12,404
8,491
7,965
526
6.2
12.551
8,545
8.005
541
6.3
12.565
8.525
7.978
547
6.4
12,404
8,474
7,940
534
6.3
12,509
8,546
8.000
546
6.4
12,523
8,543
8,061
482
5.6
12.538
8,619
8,038
581
6.7
12,551
8,467
7,920
547
6.5
12,565
6,515
7,956
559
6.6
North Carolina
Civilian noninstHutional population ...
Civilian labor fore©
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate ..
Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
,
Unemployment rate .....
Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population .,
Civilian labor force.
Employed
Unemployed .
Unemployment rate .
401
6.8
Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force...
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
1
These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the
administration of Federal fund allocation programs.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore.
identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted
columns.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Parsons not in the labor forca by reason, tax. and race, quartarty averages
(In thousands)
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally
adjusted
Reason, sex, and race
1990
1991
62.370
63.702
63,471
63,772
64,099
64,012
64.736
57,297
4,336
5,075
23,655
18,751
5/179
58,193
4,432
5.008
23.322
19.628
5,803
58.248
6,927
5,099
23.619
18,542
4.061
58,168
6.707
5,115
23.562
18,598
4,206
58,404
6,614
4.963
23.117
19,110
4,600
58,637
6,837
4,856
23,440
19.013
4,491
59,022
7,001
5,026
23.308
19,400
4,287
5,073
850
857
1.362
641
522
319
1,163
5,509
927
1,007
1.269
1.076
689
386
1,210
5.356
1,410
876
1.229
831
519
312
1.010
5.530
1.393
947
1.150
941
588
353
1,100
5.728
1.432
1,029
1,201
997
657
340
1,069
5,519
1.371
870
1.148
981
711
270
1.148
5,846
1.525
1.023
1,157
1,075
692
382
1.066
Total, not In labor force.
20,784
21.506
21.597
21.505
21,909
21.953
22.191
Do not want a Job now.
19.062
19.554
19,674
19,567
19,673
20,015
20,136
1,722
419
448
394
463
1.952
425
530
478
518
1,951
713
436
395
407
1,927
629
453
383
462
2.151
769
552
405
425
2.007
640
422
430
514
£203
728
518
490
467
Total, not in labor force..
41,586
42.196
41,875
42.267
42,190
42.059
42.545
Do not want a Job now.
3834
38.639
38,574
36.621
36.731
38.622
38,883
3.351
431
411
1,362
447
700
3.557
502
476
1.289
597
602
3,405
698
441
1.229
435
603
3.603
763
494
1.150
558
638
3,576
663
ATT
1.201
592
644
3.513
731
446
1.148
551
634
3,643
798
504
1,157
565
599
52.410
53,467
53.302
53.549
53,601
53.719
54.283
40.693
40,452
49,362
49.636
49,543
49.991
50,105
590
641
1,015
554
4,000
644
757
967
714
918
3,909
983
664
904
589
769
3,905
874
748
628
612
643
4,195
1,046
737
913
651
848
3,770
906
593
820
611
638
4,320
1,101
800
860
760
800
1990
1991
TOTAL
Total not In labor forca....
Do not want a Job now...
Current activity: Going to school.
Ill, disabled......
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity ..
Want a Job now.
Reason not looking: School attendance..
Ill health, disability.
Home responsbilties ..
Think cannot get a Job.
Job-market factors.....
Personal (actors „
Other reasons1
Men
Wantajobnow.,
Reason not looking: School attendance
III health, disability.
Think cannot get a Job.
Other reasons1
....
Women
Want a Job now.,
Reason not looking: School attendance...
Ill health. disabWy ..
Home responsblltiei
Think cannot get a Job.
Other reasons..
White
Total, not In labor force.,
Do not want a Job now...
Wantajobnow
Reason not looking: Sc* olattendanc
niheaJth. disability
Homeresponsbilties .
Think cannot get a Job .
Other reasons1
Black
Total, not intaborforce..
7,736
7.917
7,911
7.906
7.962
7,963
8,067
Do not want a Job now.
6,578
6,676
8,705
6,469
6.693
6,533
6.825
Want a Job now.,
1,158
204
187
320
244
203
1,241
238
219
250
309
226
1,239
340
181
310
203
205
1.408
440
183
303
265
217
1.267
314
233
277
269
174
1,494
377
248
274
344
251
1,379
417
209
237
265
252
Reason not looking: School attendance..
Ill heakh. disability .
Home responsWlttes .
Think cannot get a Job .
Other reasons1
1
Includes *mal number of men not looking for work because of "home
responsjblitiee.-
NOTE: Detail may not add to not-in-labor force totals because of the weighting
procedures.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-l. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Sept.
1990
July
1991
Sept.
Aug.
1991fi/ 1991
Sept.
1990
May
1991
June
1991
July
1991
Aug.
1991p/
Sept.
1991p/
110,475 108,607 108,655 109,317 110*113 108,887 108*885 108*859 108,936 108*960
92,41; 91*145 91,389 91,194 91,785 90,447 90*429 90*439 90,527 90*578
25,277 24,044 24,252 24,192 24,842 23,847 23,792 23,798 23,820 23*785
704
720
710
711
706
704
693
701
684
693
Mining
398.;
396
398.7
394
394.4
386.8
398
399
390
385
Oil and gas extraction.
4,97;
5,55'
5*001
4,933
5,088
4,710
4,715
4,695
4,691
4*685
Construction
1,346. 1,230. 1,235.1 1,205.1
1,177
1,294
1*172
1,170
1,166
1*158
General building contractors.
19,198 18,362 18*547 18,566 19,043 18,426 18*378 18,402 18,436 18,414
Manufacturing..
13,071 12*384 12,571 12,605 12*920 12*429 12,410 12,448 12,479 12,454
Production workers.
11,103
10,511 10,564 10,588 11,049 10,575 10,534 10,546 10*552 10*537
Durable goods
•..
7,379
6,922 6*983
7,019
6,964 6*943 6,971
7,322
6,982 6*964
Production workers
751.2
714
713.2
716.7
Lumber and wood products
733
697
696
699
699
696
483.
509.8
468
480.0
Furniture and fixtures
508
483
483
481
478
481
531.
528
532.6
561.8
Stone, clay, and glass products
552
519
518
523
520
523
715
723.8
723.
Primary metal industries
756.5
754
721
718
721
723
721
261
261.
260
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
275.2
275
260
261
260
260
262
Fabricated metal products.
1*429.0 1,348. 1*359.0 1,368.
1,358
1*421
1,354
1,359
1,362
1,360
1,972.
Industrial machinery and equipment
2,071.6 1,978
1,970
1,990
2,079
2,003
1,984
1,979
1,981
Electronic and'other electrical equipment 1*660.2 1,582. 1,587.7 1,584.
1,657
1,599
1*594
1,589
1,586
1,581
Transportation equipment.
1*983.2 1,847. 1,856.9 1,873.
1,971
1,863
1*845
1,861
1,868
1,862
804. _
778.
Motor vehicles and equipment.
822.0
788.1
810
780
770
791
795
792
966.3
968.
Instruments and related products
996.9
967.9
998
973
969
968
966
967
371.3
359.
382,3
368.1
Miscellaneous manufacturing
376
363
363
367
365
365
7,851
7*983
8,095
7,978
Nondurable goods
7,994
7,844
7,851
7,856
7,884
7,877
5,462
5*588
5,692
5,586
5,598
5,465
5,467
5,477
5,497
5,490
Production workers
1*752.5 1*698.2 1*762.2 1,759.6
Food and kindred products
1,670
1,677
1*677
1,660
1*681
1,676
51.8
45.3
50.5
49
Tobacco products
49
48
48
50
49
48
690.4
662.5
675.6
Textile mill products
673.9
685
665
665
671
671
671
Apparel and other textile products*
, 1*045.5 1,002.2 1*032.0 1*036.9
1*039
1,013
1*017
1*051
1,032
1*031
693.5
697
694 ~
Paper and allied products
,
701.8
700
690
687
692
689
693
Printing and publishing.
1,523.8
1*568.1 1,529.0 1,527
1,575
1,540
1,531
1,532
1,532
1,530
Chemicals and allied products
1*097.2 1*091.2 1*095. 1*090.5
1,096
1,086
1*086
1,088
1,084
1,089
Petroleum and coal products.
162.9
160.8
160.3
158
162.8
159
159
159
159
159
860.4
864.7
895.1
892
854
848.8
854
860
Rubber and misc. plastics products
857
861
121.8
121.2
132.2
130
119
117.2
120
120
123
119
Leather and leather products.
85*201 84,563 84,403 85,125 85,271 85,040 85,093 85*061 85,116 85,177
Service-producing industries.
5*901
5*867
Transportation and public utilities
5,811
5,820
5,854
5,809
5,819
5*809
5,818
5*819
3*626
3,532
3,611
3,545
3,581
3,546
Transportation
3*556
3,550
3,563
3*565
2,279
2,275
2,256
2,275
2,273
2,263
Communications and public utilities
2*263
2,259
2,255
2,254
6,103
6*220
6,204
Wholesale trade.
6,065
6,084
6*085
6,068
6,064
6,049
6,047
3,622
3*530
3,492
3,624
Durable goods
3,517
3*528
3,517
3,509
3,500
3,492
2*573
2,573
Nondurable goods
2*567
2,580
2.557
2,551
2,555
2,549
2*555
2*598
19,742 19,444 19*478 19*396 19,698 19,339 19,345 19,347 19,345 19*357
Retail trade
2,472.0 2*295.4 2,308.5 2,312.4
General merchandise stores
2*511
2,356
2,358
2,347
2,351
2*348
3*230.5 3,245.3 3*229.0 3*218.9
Food stores
3*239
3,225
3*229
3*232
3,226
3,229
2*099.5
2*064.2
2,058.9
Automotive dealers and service stations.
2,064.3
2,082
2,031
2,034
2,038
2,038
2,041
6*713.2 6*742.3 6,759.9 6,706.8
6,577
Eating and drinking Places
6,571
6,571
6*578
6*569
6,575
6,780
6*764
Finance, insurance, and real estate.
6,699
6,770
6,750
6,712
6*703
6,688
6,685 6,684
3,304
Finance
3*303
3,275
3,302
3,306
5,287
3,281
3,275
3*276
3,278
2,135
2,117
Insurance
2*121
2*130
2,126
2,132
2,130
2*122
2,122
2,121
1,307
1,341
Real estate
*
1,338
1,318
1,293
1*292
1*340
1*291
1,287
1*285
Total.
Total private
Ooods-producing industries.
Services
Business service
Health services.
Government
Federal
State
Local
* preliminary.
28*508 28*963 28*985 28,975
5*365.1 5,312.0 5*369.8 5,599.3
,925.7 8,281.6 8*314.0 8*327.4
18*066 17,462
2.987
3,002
4*262
4*108
10,8171 10*552
17,266
2,997
4*098
10,171
18,123
2,975
4*261
10*887
28*437
5,291
7,929
28,645
5,278
8,165
28,712
5*280
8*206
28,733
5,280
4*249
28,812 28,888
5,311
5,320
8,2891 8*327
18,328
2,994
4,328
11,006
18,440
2*952
4,348
11*140
18*456
2,971
4,359
11,126
18,420
2*963
4,338
11,119
18,409 18,382
2*973! 2*981
4,332
4,326
11,1041 11*075
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Industry
Sept.
1990
Total private.
July
1991
Aug.
1991fi/
Sept
1991J2/
Sept.
1990
May
1991
June
1991
July
1991
Aug.
199l£/
Sept.
1991 £ /
34 .8
34 .5
34.7
34 .6
34.6
34 .3
34.6
34.1
34.4
34.5
45 .1
43 .6
44.6
44 .9
44.7
44 .9
45.0
43.9
44.6
44.2
Construction.
39 .1
38 .6
38.8
39 .1
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
Manufacturing
Overtime hours.
Durable goods
Overtime hours.
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone/ clay* and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment.
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
41 .3
4 .1
40 .4
3 .6
40.9
3.9
41 .3
4 .1
40.9
3.7
40 .4
3 4
40.8
3.7
40.7
3.7
41.0
3.8
40.9
3.7
41 .8
4 .1
40 .7
3 .5
41.2
3.8
41 .8
4 .0
41.5
3.8
40 8
3 3
41.3
3.7
41.2
3.7
41.5
3.8
41.4
3.6
40 .9
39 .8
42 .7
43 .2
43 .9
41 .8
42 .2
41 .2
42 .9
44 .0
41 .3
39 .9
39 .8
38 .7
42 .0
42 .3
43 .1
40 .6
41 .2
40 .0
41 .7
42 .6
40 .1
38 8
40.6
39.6
42.2
42.6
43.5
41.4
41.6
40.5
41.8
42.4
40.7
40.0
40 .9
40 .0
42 .6
42 .9
43 .3
41 .9
42 .1
40 9
42 7
43 5
41 2
40 3
40.7
39.2
42.2
43.0
43.7
41.6
42.1
41.1
42.8
43.1
41.3
39.9
39
38
41
41
41
40
41
40
41
7
9
5
6
8
8
6
2
41 5
40 8
39 3
40.6
39.3
42.0
42.3
42.6
41.2
41.8
40.7
42.1
42.9
41.0
39.7
40.0
39.2
41.9
42.6
43.1
41.3
41.6
40.7
42.3
43.6
40.6
39.6
40.2
39.2
41.6
43.0
43.9
41.6
42.1
40.8
42.4
43.2
41.0
40.0
40.5
39.2
42.0
42.6
43.0
41.6
41.9
40.6
42.2
42.5
41.2
40.2
40 6
4 1
39 9
3 7
40.5
4.0
40 7
40.2
3.6
39 9
3. 5
40.1
3.7
40.1
3.7
40.4
3.8
40.3
3.7
41 9
40 9
40 4
36 7
43 7 1
38. 5
42. 7
45. 3
41. 6
37. 5
40 4
38 4
40 6
36 8
43 2
37. 3
42. 3
43. 9
40. 5
37. 7
41.1
38.9
41.8
37.4
43.3
38.1
42.7
43.7
41.3
37.7
41.2
(2)
39.9
36.6
43.2
38.0
42.7
(2)
41.4
37.5
40. 3
C2]
40. 2
36.7
43. 0
37. 5
42. 5
(2)
40. 9
37. 2
40.4
40.4
(2)
41.0
37.0
43.5
37.6
42.6
40.5
40.8
36.9
43.2
37.8
42.8
40.3
(2)
41.4
37.4
43.5
37.7
43.1
(2)
41.3
37.6
Mining
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
I
4 2
41 1
39 8
41 9
37 6
43. 9
38. 2
43. 1
44. 7
41. 6
37.8
2
(2)
(2)
41.1
37.6
(2)
41.1
37.7
41.4
37.3
43.5
37.9
43.2
(2)
41.5
37.2
C2)
Transportation and public utilities.
39. 2
38. 9
38.9
39. 1
39.1
38.8
38.9
38.4
38.7
38.9
Wholesale trade
38. 3
38. 1
38.2
58. 4
38.2
38.2
38.4
37.9
38.2
38.2
28.7
Retail trade
28. 9
29. 3
29.3
28. 7
28.9
28. 7
28.9
28.4
28.6
Finance, insurance, and real estate.
36. 1
35. 6
35.7
36. 2
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
(2)
services.
32. 7
32. 6
32.6
32.8
32. 5
32.7
32.2
32.4
32.6
1/ Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction;
and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and
public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance*
insurance* and real estate; and services. These groups
account for approximately four-fifths of the total
employees on private nonfarm payrolls.
I
32.7 1
2/ These series are not published seasonally
adjusted since the seasonal component is small relative
to the trend-cycle anoVcr irregular components and
consequently cannot be separated with sufficient
precision.
P = preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry
Average weekly earnings
Average hourly earnings
Industry
Total private
Aug.
1991fi/
Sept.
199l£/
$10.15
10.10
$10.30
10.36
$10.30
10.40
$10.46
10.42
13.86
14.20
14.20
14.38
625.09
619.12
633.32
645.66
13.97
13.97
14.02
14.13
546.23
539.24
543.98
552.48
451.41
453.29
457.26
465.04
480.28
376.69
343.47
479.52
564.19
657.62
457.71
503.87
428.89
613.47
652.96
472.89
343.94
480.67
371.73
339.79
479.64
568.51
668.48
455.94
501.40
430.80
621.75
662.00
469.57
342.60
484.92
379.61
349.67
481.50
571.27
670.77
464.92
504.61
436.59
619.89
649.99
476.19
353.60
495.33
384.46
354.80
488.62
576.58
665.09
473.47
514.04
442.13
639.65
675.12
484.10
359.48
413.71
399.73
651.13
326.84
245.16
543.19
438.90
582.43
742.92
410.59
260.63
417.75
398.75
703.10
335.76
249.87
552.10
428.58
598.97
740.59
409.46
267.67
422.01
403.60
647.69
349.45
254.69
551.21
440.82!
599.51
734.16
418.37
426.94
405.25
643.17
352.38
257.56
562.36
446.94
609.43
765.26
423.07
270.65
512.74
515.43
418.62
424.43
197.39
204.51
364.61
368.82
Mining
Construction.
10.93
11.22
11.18
11.26
11.49
9.21
8.63
11.23
13.06
14.98
10.95
11.94
10.41
14.30
14.84
11.45
8.62
11.81
9.34
8.78
11.42
13.44
15.51
11.23
12.17
10.77
14.91
15.54
11.71
8.83
11.77
10.19
9.54
15.92
8.09
6.68
12.43
11.40
13.64
16.40
9.87
10.47
9.87
18.31
8.27
6.79
12.78
11.49
14.16
16.87
10.11
6.95
7.10
11.41
13.41
15.42
11.23
12.13
10.78
14.83
15.33
11.70
8.84
10.42
9.82
16.65
8.36
6.81
12.73
11.57
14.04
16.80
10.13
7.11
11.85
9.40
8.87
11.47
13.44
15.36
11.30
12.21
10.81
14.98
15.52
11.75
8.92
10.49
9.86
16.16
8.41
6.85
12.81
11.70
14^14
17.12
10.17
7.16
13.08
13.25
13.24
13.31
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities
Hholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services
1/
,
•
9.35
8.83
10.93
11.14
11.13
11.24
6.83
6.98
6.97
7.07
10.10
9.95
10.36
10.13
10.36
10.14
See footnote 1, table B-2.
10.52
10.35
$353.22 $355.35 $357.41 $361.9?
349.46 353.28 357.76 359.49
325.37
330.24
268.05
515.04
425.17
204.22
369.85
331.58
P = preliminary.
Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workersl/ °n private nonfarm
m
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted
Industry
Total privatet
Current dollars
Constant (1982) dollars*/
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime^/
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance* insurance* and real estate
Servi ces
Sept*
199l£/
July
1991
Seasonally adjusted
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay* and glass products
Primary metal industries....;
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Aug.
1991p/
July
1991
Sept.
1990
Sept.
1990
Sept.
1990
May
1991
June
1991
July
1991
$10.10
7.48
13.85
13.86
10.91
10.44
13.03
10.92
6.81
10.12
9.94
$10.32
7.47
14.13
14.00
11.15
10.70
13.24
11.12
6.98
10.35
10.24
$10.37
7.49
14.30
13.98
11.19
10.71
13.23
11.23
7.01
10.50
10.29
$10.36
7.47
14.24
14.01
11.22
10.74
13.26
11.14
7.03
10.40
10.25
1/ See footnote 1, table B~2.
2/ The Consumer Price Index for Urban
Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is
used to deflate this series.
£/ Change .was 0.3 percent from July 1991
to August 1991, the latest month available.
Aug.
199l£/
Sept.
1991fi/
$10.40
7.49
14.31
14.06
11.26
10.76
13.28
11.21
7.04
10.46
10.29
$10.42
N.A.
14.37
14.02
11.24
10.75
13.26
11.23
7.05
10.54
10.34
Percent
change
from:
Aug. 1991Sept. 1991
0.2
(3)
.4
-.3
-.2
«.l
-.2
.2
.1
.8
.5
£/ Derived by assuming that overtime
hours are paid at the rate of time and oneN.A. = not available.
£/ = preliminary.
520.42
431.62
202.91
380.82
337.41
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory w o r k e r s i / on p r i v a t e nonfarm payrolls
by industry
(1982=100)
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Total private
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
*..
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
*•
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Industrial machinery and equipment
Electronic and other electrical equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco products
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
•
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
125.8 123.0
113.4 104.5
124.0
123.5
124.4 121.2 122.1 120.7
121.5
122.1
107.2
107.9
109.6 103.2 103.8 103.8
104.4
104.2
66.8 62.8
148.9 134.6
63.7
63.0
62.5
62.5
61.0
136.4
135.4
137.2 124.4 124.4 123.8
123.6
124.7
108.9 100.8
103.7
105.0
106.6 101.2 102.0 102.3
103.1
102.8
97.7
123.8
111.3
103.6
86.1
76.6
99.2
88.9
98.6
110.5
122.9
80.8
99
126.
117
105.4
88.1
77.6
102.2
101.6
127.0
119.
106,
88,
77,
104.
91.
101
115.7
130.1
102.1
105.3 98.4 99.4 99.6
129.4 119.7 122.4 121.3
123.2 115.6 117.1 115.5
109.2 100.4 101.6 101.6
93.0 85.8 86.7 87.8
82
74.7 75.7 76.2
107
100.4 101.6 102.1
96
90.5 91.2 90.3
105
101.1 101.3 101.4
119
109.5 111.0 113.9
130.4 118.6 121.8 128.6
86.5 83.4 83.3 82.3
102.0 96.2 97.1 98.4
100.3
121.9
116.5
101.6
89.0
78.0
102.9
91.5
101.4
114.8
128.3
82.7
99.0
99.9
122.6
116.8
102.4
87.8
76.8
103.2
90.9
100.5
113.4
124.7
82.6
99.5
109.8
119.6
73.6
100.8
95.7
112.1
123.3
102.7
88.3
125.5
57.4
108.4
111.4
72.2
97.5
93.2
110.8
128.0
104.6
87.7
129
61.3
107.1
110.9
71.6
110.5
123.3
102.7
86.2
124.2
106.
109.
66.
98.
94.
110.
122.6
102.5
85.4
123.8
56.0
56.0
130.5
131.0 129.3
116.8
116.0 114.7
114.4
116.7 114.2
120.8
124.1 120.6
120.9
122.3 119.7
149.1
147.3 147.1
107.0
134.2
125.9
113.0
94.1
83.1
109.4
96.7
106.9
121.8
133.2
87.3
104.8
111.
121,
78.4
99
94
112
128.8
105.
90
130,
62.4
94.0
105.1
111.9
62.5
95.7
90.4
109.8
121.0
100.8
88.4
119.2
109.2
119.5
71.3
100.4
95.0
110.9
123.2
102.4
88.0
123.7
54.9
Hholesale trade
117.3 114.4
Retail trade
124.1 124.0
Finance, insurance* and real estate
•
122.2 120.9
Services
•
147.6 149.3
89.6
100.6
111.7
123.9
82.2
100.2
117.5 114.9
See footnote 1, table B-2.
Aug.
Sept.
1991fi/ 199l£/
Sept.
199l£/
Transportation and public utilities
1/
June
1991
Aug.
1991fi/
131.4 131.3
Service-producing industries
Sept. May
1990 1991
Sept. July
1990 1991
57.5
131.6
115.3
114.4
124.0
121.0
149.9
83.2
64.9
64.4
105
110
69
95
91
108
122
101
88
121.1
55.4
P - preliminary.
64.2
July
1991
105.8 106.0
110.4 109.0
68.8 69.7
96.8 98.0
92.1 94.2
108.9 109.7
122.7 122.6
101.9 100.9
86.2 85.4
122.1 122.5
56.0
57.3
130.3
128.2
114.8
113.5
114.5
112.9
121.5
119.3
121.3
117.9
148.5
146.4
98.7
94.5
129.2
130.0
114.5
115.2
113.4
113.5
120.1
120.5
118.9
120.6
147.7
148.9
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6.
Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time span
Jan.
1
Feb.
Mar.
May
June
July
Aug.
Sept
| Apr.
Oct.
Nov.
Dec.
Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries!/
Over 1-month span:
1989
1990
1991
64.5
58.1
38.5
59.0
58.1
36.9
58.7
52.2
38.6
53.9
48.7
38.5
52.7
52.8
51.1
53.8
48.3
45.8
52.9
46.6
51.3
54.6
47.8
56.6
41.4
59.6
40.3
52.1
42.0
JP/54.6
49.2
45.1
E/49.7
67.6
58.8
31.6
65.2
59.0
30.8
61.1
54.4
30.3
56.2
50.7
38.3
54.5
48.7
39.5
53.9
49.4
48.9
54.9
45.6
E/51.8
52.5
43.7
E/54.4
55.9
40.0
56.0
37.4
55.8
35.8
59.1
35.1
67.7
56.6
26.7
65.0
55.2
31.2
63.3
55.2
29.5
59.0
51.8
34.3
53.4
56.5
47.6
44.9
E/40.9 £/46.9
54.5
42.7
55.9
38.6
53.8
37.2
58.1
34.8
57.9
30.9
59.1
28.8
62.2
65.2
54.5
51.4
E'30.1 E/29.9
61.5
48.3
59.6
43.5
57.6
40.3
56.7
35.8
55.8
34.1
56.0
30.6
55.5
32.0
55.6
30.2
Over 3-month spam
1989
1990
1991
Over 6-month spam
1989
1990
1991
Over 12-month span
1989
1990
1991
65.3
54.6
30.2
61.5
46.6
Manufacturing payrolls* 139 industries!/
Over 1-month spans
1989
1990
1991
58.6
46.0
31.7
50.7
51.1
28.4
48.9
41.4
29.9
47.5
47.8
38.5
47.1
41.7
46.8
44.2
39.6
46.0
56.5
45.0
19.4
54.3
43.2
16.5
49.3
45.0
18.0
43.5
38.1
30.2
42.8
38.1
36.3
42.1
37.4
48.9
57.9
39.9
10.4
51.8
36.7
17.3
48.6
37.1
19.4
41.7
45.0
32.4
40.3
23.4 E/39.6
38.1
30.6
fi/47.8
53.6
35.3
13.3
56.1
33.5
fi/14.0
51.8
31.3
fi/13.3
44.6
25.2
41.7
20.9
Over 3-month spam
1989
1990
1991
Over 6-month spam
1989
1990
1991
Over 12-month spam
1989
1990
1991
46.4
29.5
\/ Based on seasonally adjusted data for \-» 3-,
and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month
span. Data are centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTEi Figures are the percent of industries with
45.7
40.3
38.8
38.8
E/46.8
48.2
34.5
48.6
27.3
45.3
33.8
36.3
40.3
35.6
31.3
fi/57.2 E'57.9
39.9
27.0
41.0
23.0
41.0
21.6
41.7
18.3
38.1
24.1
38.1
20.5
35.6
21.2
38.8
17.3
39.6
16.2
39.6
11.9
38.1
19.8
35.3
14.0
34.9
12.9
36.3
10.1
32.4 I
11.2
32.7
10.4
44.2
43.2
53.2
£ /56.1
employment increasing plus one-half of the industries
with unchanged employment, where 50 percent
indicates an equal balance between industries with
increasing and decreasing employment.
@FedFRASER