Full text of The Employment Situation : September 1989

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Bureau of Labor Statistics
Technical information: (202) 523-1371
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Media Contact:

United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212
USDL 89-480
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS
RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
8:30 A.M. (EDT), FRIDAY,
OCTOBER 6, 1989

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: SEPTEMBER 1989
Payroll employment showed little growth and unemployment was about
unchanged in September, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S.
Department of Labor reported today. The overall jobless rate was 5.2
percent and the civilian worker rate was 5.3 percent; they had been 5.1 and
5.2 percent, respectively, in August.
Nonagricultural payroll employment, as measured by the survey of
business establishments, rose by 210,000 in September to 109.1 million, but
about 75,000 of the increase represented a return to work of persons who
had been on strike. Total civilian employment, as measured by the survey
of households, was about unchanged over the month.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of persons unemployed, 6.6 million, and the civilian worker
unemployment rate, 5.3 percent, were essentially unchanged in September.
Both measures have shown little movement since the spring. Jobless rates
were about unchanged over the month for teenagers (15.1 percent), whites
(4.5 percent), Hispanics (8.3 percent), and blacks (11.6 percent), although
the rate for black teenagers rose to 37.3 percent. While the unemployment
rate for adult men increased 0.4 percentage point to 4.8 percent, the rate
for adult women edged down to 4.5 percent. (See tables A-2 and A-3.)
Civilian Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total civilian employment was virtually unchanged in September at a
seasonally adjusted level of 117.5 million. At 62.9 percent, the
employment-population ratio (the proportion of the working-age population
that was employed) remained close to the level that has held throughout
1989. (See table A-2.)
The civilian labor force (124.0 million) and the labor force
participation rate (66.4 percent) were also about the same as in the
previous month, after seasonal adjustment. The labor force has increased
by 2.0 million over the past 12 months. (See table A-2.)




- 2 Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity* seasonally adjusted
Monthly data

Quarterly
averages

II

July

III

Aug.

Sept.

Thousands of persons

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Labor force 1/
Total employment 1/.
Civilian labor force..
Civilian eirployment.
Unemployment
Not in labor force....
Discouraged workers.

Aug.Sept.
change

1989

1989

Category

125,464!
118,964!
123,790!
117,289!
6,501!
62,388!
869!

125,690! 125,622!
119,189! 119,125!
124,005! 123,956!
117,504!- 117,459!
6,501! 6,497!
62,597! 62,527!
815!
N.A.!

125,742!
36
119,158! -127
124,040!
22
117,456! -141
6,584! 163
62,686! 106
N.A. ! N.A.
N.A.:

125,706!
119,285!
124,018!
117,597!
6,421!
62,580!

Percent of labor force
Unemployment rates:
All workers 1/......
All civilian workers
Adult men
Adult women
Teenagers
White
Black
Hispanic origin...

5..2!
5..3!
4..4!
4..8!
15.1!
4.5!
11.2!
8.1!

5.2!
5.2!
4.5!
4.7!
14.8!
4.5!
11.2!
8.8!

5.2!
5.2!
4.3!
5.0!
14.7!
4.6!
10.9!
9.0!

5.1!
5.2!
4.4!
4.7!
14.5!
4.5!
11.1!
9.0!

5.2! 0 1
1
5.3!
4
4, 8!
2
4. 5!
6
15.,1!
0
4. 5!
,5
11..6!
.7
8.3! -

ESTABLISHMENT Dftlft

Thousands of jobs

Nonfarm employment...
Goods-producing....
Service-producing..

108,339!pl08,895! 108,767!P108,855!pl09,064! p209
25,664! P 25,651! 25,669! p25,696! p25,588!p-108
82,676! p83,244! 83,098! p83,159! p83,476! p317
Hours of work

Average weekly hours:
Total private
Manufacturing.
Overtime

34.7!
41.1!
3.81

p34.7!
p41.0!
p3.8!

1/ Includes the resident Armed Forces.
N.A.=not available.



34.8!
41.0!
3.9!

p34.6!
p40.9!
P3.7!

p34.6l
pO
p41.0! pO.l
p3.8! p.l
p=preliminary.

- 3Discouraged Workers (Household Survey Data)
At a seasonally adjusted level of 815,000 in the July-September
period, the number of discouraged workers—persons who want to work but
have not looked for jobs because they believe they cannot find any—was
about unchanged from the second quarter. Over the past year, the number of
discouraged workers has declined by about 115,000. (See table A-14.)
Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonagricultural payroll employment increased by 210,000 in
September to 109.1 million, seasonally adjusted. This increase would have
been much smaller if not for the return to payrolls of about 75,000 workers
involved in strikes in August. The diffusion index of 349 industries fell
below 50 percent, indicating that more industries lost than gained jobs in
September. (See tables B-l and B-6.)
In the goods-producing sector, factory employment fell by 105,000.
Whereas the bulk of the decrease occurred in the durable goods sector, it
was very widespread, with 16 of the 20 individual manufacturing industries
showing employment reductions. The largest occurred in the auto industry—
35,000. Employment in the electrical equipment industry fell by 10,000
over the month and has declined by 55,000 since last November. In primary
metals, where employment had changed little since late last year, the
number of workers fell by 10,000 in September. Fabricated metal products
has had small job losses for 7 consecutive months. Employment in apparel
and other textile products fell by 10,000 over the month, returning to last
October's employment level* The mining industry also showed a small job
loss, while construction employment was unchanged for the second
consecutive month.
In the service-producing sector, employment in transportation and
public utilities increased by 90,000 over the month, primarily reflecting
the return to work of telephone workers from strikes. Services industry
employment rose by 105,000, as both business and health services showed
strong job gains of 45,000. Government employment was also a strong
gainer, with an increase of 95,000 over the month; most of this occurred in
local education. Finance, insurance, and real estate employment grew by
10,000 in September. Wholesale trade showed a small job gain, while
errployiDent in retail trade was little changed; job growth in these two
industries has been quite slow for most of this year*
Despite the slower growth in recent months, total payroll enployment
in September was nearly 2.9 million above its year-ago level. Virtually
all of this gain—2.6 million—took place in the service-producing sector.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonagricultural payrolls was unchanged in September at 34.6 hours,
seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek and factory overtime both
edged up 0.1 hour to 41.0 and 3.8 hours, respectively, offsetting small
decreases in the previous month. (See table B-2.)



- 4 The index of aggregate weekly hours of private production or
nonsupervisory workers rose 0.2 percent in September to 128.6 (1977=100),
after seasonal adjustment. This follows a decrease of 0.6 percent in the
previous month. The manufacturing index fell 0.7 percent to 95.6. (See
table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Both average hourly and average weekly earnings of private production
or nonsupervisory workers increased 0.5 percent in September, after
seasonal adjustment. Prior to seasonal adjustment, average hourly earnings
rose 16 cents to $9.76 and average weekly earnings increased $3.63 to
$338.67/ as many youths earning comparatively low wages left summer jobs
and returned to school. Over the year, average hourly earnings increased
by 3.8 percent, while average weekly earnings rose 3.5 percent. (See
tables B-3 and B-4.)

The Bnployment Situation for October 1989 will be released on Friday,
November 3, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).




Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys,
the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the
Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The household survey provides the information on the labor
force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in
the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample
survey of about 55,800 households that is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics <BI_S).
The establishment survey provides the information on the
employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected
from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.
The sample includes over 300,000 establishments employing
over 38 million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the
pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each
of these factors is explained below.
Coverage, definitions, and differences
between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are selected
so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population
16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is
classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
Those who hold more than one job are classified according to
the job at which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all
as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or
on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were
paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were
on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if
they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at




that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their
former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
counted as unemployed.
The labor force equals the sum of the number employed and
the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilian
plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a special
grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The
definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive
definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive yields U-7.
The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents
the same measure with a civilian labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are
many differences between the two surveys, among which are
the following:
— The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a
larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture,
the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and
members of the resident Armed Forces;
— The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed; the establishment survey does not;
— The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; the
establishment survey is not limited by age;
— The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working at
more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be
counted separately for each appearance.

Other differences between the two surveys are described in
* 'Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and
Payroll Surveys,** which may be obtained from the BLS upon
request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.
For example, the labor force increases by a large number each
June, when schools close and many young people enter the job
market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may
account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in economic activity or increases in the participation
of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the
schoors-out example, the large number of people entering the
labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined.
However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can
be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the
seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all
employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the
components and combining them. The second procedure
usually yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure
for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted
civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed
Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally
adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and
the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period
and again for the July-December period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated for 6
months, along with the introduction of new benchmarks, which are
discussed at the end of the next section, and again with the release
of data for October. In both surveys, revisions to data published
over the previous 5 years are made once a year.
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys
are subject-to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the
number of people employed and the other estimates drawn
from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would
be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the
amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the
chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based
on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error




from the results of a complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will
differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from the
results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-percent
level of confidence—the confidence limits used by BLS in its
analyses—the error for the monthly change in total employment is on the order of plus or minus 358,000; for total
unemployment it is 224,000; and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do not
mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but,
rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that
the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ from
the estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the
data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or
annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the
larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the
estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error
than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among
the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of
adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for
the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly
change in the jobless rate for men is .25 percentage point; for
teenagers, it is 1.29 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are
revised. In other words, data for the month of September are
published in preliminary form in October and November and
in final form in December. To remove errors that build up
over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes can be
measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in
the classification of industries and allow for the formation of
new establishments.
Additional statistics and other Information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data
in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by
BLS. It is available for $8.50 per issue or $25.00 per year from
the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C.,
20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of
the standard errors for the household survey data published in
this release. For unemployment and other labor force
categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of
its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the
data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of that publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the population, including Armed Forces in the United States, by sex
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status and sex
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

May
1989

June
1989

July
1989

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

186,666
123,546
66.2
117.178
62.8
1,704
115,474
3,250
112,225
6,368
5.2
63,119

188,286
127,132
67.5
120,780
64.1
1,688
119,092
3,633
115,460
6,352
5.0
61,155

188,428
125,530
66.6
119,200
63.3
1,702
117,498
3,329
114,169
6,330
5.0
62,899

186,666
123,688
66.3
117,074
62.7
1,704
115,370
3,176
112,194
6,614
5.3
62,978

187,854
125,283
66.7
118,888
63.3
1,673
117,215
3,112
114,102
6,395
5.1
62,571

187,995
125,768
66.9
119,207
63.4
1,666
117,541
3,096
114,445
6,561
5.2
62,228

188,149
125,622
66.8
119,125
63.3
1,666
117.459
3,219
114,240
6,497
5.2
62,527

188,286
125.706
66.8
119,285
63.4
1,688
117,597
3,307
114,290
6,421
5.1
62,580

188,428
125.742
66.7
119,158
63.2
1,702
117,456
3,257
114,199
6,584
5.2
62,686

89,577
68,465
76.4
65.282
72.9
1,540
63,742
3,183
4.6

90,384
70,587
78.1
67,431
74.6
1,519
65,912
3,157
4.5

90,456
69,123
76.4
65,875
72.8
1,531
64,344
3,248
4.7

89,577
68,604
76.6
65,015
72.6
1,540
63,475
3,589
5.2

90,167
69,114
76.7
65.713
72.9
1,511
64,202
3,401
4.9

90,237
69,507
77.0
66,110
73.3
1,501
64,609
3,397
4.9

90,315
69,245
76.7
65,961
73.0
1,499
64,462
3,284
4.7

90,384
69,337
76.7
65,934
72.9
1,519
64,415
3,403
4.9

90,456
69.272
76.6
65,601
72.5
1,531
64,070
3.672
5.3

97,089
55,082
56.7
51,896
53.5
164
51,732
3,186
5.8

97,902
56,544
57.8
53,349
54.5
169
53,180
3,195
5.7

97,972
56,407
57.6
53,325
54.4
171
53,154
3,081
5.5

97,089
55.084
56.7
52,059
53.6
164
51,895
3.025
5.5

97,687
56.169
57.5
53,175
54.4
162
53,013
2,994
5.3

97,758
56,261
57.6
53,097
54.3
165
52,932
3,164
5.6

97,834
56,377
57.6
53,164
54.3
167
52,997
3,213
5.7

97,902
56,370
57.6
53,352
54.5
169
53,183
3,018
5.4

97.972
56,470
57.6
53,557
54.7
171
53.386
2,912
5.2

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population^
Labor force'
Participation rate"
Total employed
Employment-population ratio'.
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rates
Not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population7
Labor force?
Participation rate"
Total employed'
Employment-population ratio'.
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate^
Women, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population'
Labor force?
Participation rate1
Total employed'
Employment-population ratio5.
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate-

The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.




J

Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident
Armed Forces).
A

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted 1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept
1989

Sept.
1988

May
1989

June
1989

July
1989

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

184,962
121.842
65.9
115,474
62.4
6,368
5.2

186,598
125,444
67.2
119,092
63.8
6,352
5.1

186,726
123,828
66.3
117,498
62.9
6,330
5.1

184,962
121,984
66.0
115,370
62.4
6,614
5.4

186,181
123,610
66.4
117,215
63.0
6,395
5.2

186,329
124,102
66.6
117,541
63.1
6,561
5.3

186,483
123,956
66.5
117,459
63.0
6,497
5.2

186,598
124,018
66.5
117,597
63.0
6,421
5.2

186,726
124,040
66.4
117.456
62.9
6,584
5.3

80,751
62,942
77.9
60,402
74.8
2,325
58,077
2,540
4.0

81,754
64,167
78.5
61,603
75.4
2,529
59,074
2.564
4.0

81,790
63,771
78.0
61,113
74.7
2,419
58,694
2,658
4.2

80,751
62.884
77.9
59,979
74.3
2,249
57,730
2,905
4.6

81,524
63,503
77.9
60,798
74.6
2,284
58,514
2,705
4.3

81,592
63,831
78.2
61,093
74.9
2,256
58,837
2,737
4.3

81t679
63,656
77.9
60,921
74.6
2,342
58,579
2,734
4.3

81,754
63,643
77.8
60,853
74.4
2.364
58,489
2,790
4.4

81,790
63,721
77.9
60,683
74.2
2,339
58,344
3,038
4.8

89,735
51,172
57.0
48,556
54.1
642
47,914
2,616
5.1

90,684
52,000
57.3
49.352
54.4
682
48,670
2,648
5.1

90,771
52,558
57.9
50,040
55.1
701
49,339
2,518
4.8

89,735
50,991
56.8
48,535
54.1
638
47,897
2,456
4.8

90,432
52.171
57.7
49,690
54.9
628
49,062
2,480
4.8

90,526
52,231
57.7
49.661
54.9
610
49,051
2,570
4.9

90,607
52.463
57.9
49,850
55.0
627
49,223
2,613
5.0

90,684
52,373
57.8
49,905
55.0
644
49,261
2.468
4.7

90,771
52,443
57.8
50,089
55.2
701
49,388
2,353
4.5

14,477
7,728
53.4
6,516
45.0
282
6,234
1,212
15.7

14,160
9,276
65.5
8,137
57.5
422
7,715
1,140
12.3

14,166
7,498
52.9
6,345
44.8
209
6.136
1,153
15.4

14,477
8,109
56.0
6,856
47.4
289
6,567
1,253
15.5

14,224
7,936
55.8
6,726
47.3
200
6,526
1,210
15.2

14,211
8,040
56.6
6,786
47.8
230
6,556
1,254
15.6

14,196
7,837
55.2
6,687
47.1
249
6,438
1,150
147

14,160
8,003
56.5
6,840
48.3
300
6,540
1,163
14.5

14,166
7.876
55.6
6,683
47.2
216
6,467
1,193
15.1

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and pver
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio*
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

,.

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio'
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both saxes, 16 to 10 years
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
*
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.




2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

158,422
j 104,959
66.3
| 100,177
63.2
"I; 4,782
|
4.6

159,470
107,597
67.5
102,938
64.6
4,659
4.3

106,195 i 105,036
66.3
66.6
101,600 100,058
63.2
63.7
4,978
4,595
4.7
4.3 I

159,200
106,164
66.7
101,465
63.7
4,699
4.4

159,297
106,455
66.8
101,693
63.8
4,762
4.5

54,872 j 55,766
78.4 ;
78.8
52,910 | 53.868
76.2
75.6 |
1,898
1,962 j
:
3.6
3.4

55,433 I 54.839
78.3
78.3
52,579
53,416
75.1
75.5
2,017
2,260
4.1
3.6

55.249
78.3
53,248
75.5
2,001
3.6

55,557
;
78.7
| 53,500
;
75.8
I 2,057
!
3.7

43,397
56.7
41,495
54.2
1,902
4.4

43,886
56.8
41,948
54.3
1,938
4.4

44,358
57.4
42,570
55.1
1.788
4.0

43,191
56.4
41,413
54.1
1,778
4.1

44,084
57.2
42,282
54.9
1,803
4.1

44,050
57.1
42,236
54.8
1,814
4.1

44,302
57.4
42,411
55.0
1,891
4.3

7,945
69.1
7,122
61.9
823
10.4
10.3
10.4

6,405
55.9
5,614
49.0
790
12.3
12.9
11.7

6.848
59.2
5.957
51.5
891
13.0
13.4
12.6

6,685
57.9
5,827
50.5
858
12.8
12.4
13.4

i 21,060
| 13,694
!
65.0
i 12,197
|
57.9
|
1,497
.
10.9

21,085
13,481
63.9
11,956
56.7
1,524
11.3

20,762
13,201
63.6
11,758
56.6
1,443
10.9

21,012
13,600
64.7
11,982
57.0
1,618
11.9

21,038
13,555
64.4
12,082
57.4
1,473
10.9

!

'
j
j
!
j
;
|
j
;
!
|
j
j
j

6,690 |
56.7J
5,772
48.9
918
13.7
14.2
13.2

I

i
i
!
I

7,006 !
59.4 i
6.066 !
51.4 j
940 ;
13.4 ,'
14.5 |
12.3 '

6,831
59.0
5,936
51.3
895
13.1 I
14.8
11.2
I

159,400 ! 159,470
106,424 | 106,446
66.8 |
66.8
101,581 101,670
63.7
63.8
4,843
4,777
4.6
4.5

159,549
106,325
66.6
101,535
63.6
4,791
4.5

55,437
55,377
55,413
78.4
78.3
78.3
53,343 I 53,282
53,097
75.5
75.3 |
75.0
2,094
2,095
2,316
3.8
3.8 !
4.2
44,169
57.2
42,372
54.9
1,798
4.1
6,900
60.0 !
6,016
52.3
884
12.8
12.9
12.7

44.192
57.2
42,527
55.0
1.665
3.8
6,720
58.6
5,910
51.6
810
12.1
13.3
10.8

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population..
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,

20,762
13,178
63.5
11,764
56.7
1,414
10.7

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,126 l
74.3;
5,620 ;
68.1 ;
506 '
8.3 '

6,263
74.7
5.686
67.8
578
9.2

6,246
74.6
5,682
67.9
564
9.0

6,117
74.2
5,563
67.5
554
9.1

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,192
59.9
5,558
53.8
633 '
10.2

6,338
60.3
5,710
54.4
628
9.9

6,369
60.6
5,731
54.5
639
10.0

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

861
39.5
585
26.8
275
32.0
32.5
31.5

1,092
50.3
801
36.9
291
26.6
24.6
28.9

865
39.4
544
24.7
322
37.2
34.4
39.6

See footnotes at end of table.




i 20,986
j 13,444
!
64.1
i 11,968
|
57.0
|
1,476
11.0
!

6,207
74.3
5,622
67.3
586
9.4

6,200
74.1
5,619
67.2
581
9.4

6,174
59.8
5,575
54.0
599
9.7

6,340
60.6
5,740
54.9 :
600
9.5

6,405 \
61.2 !
5,732 j
54.7 !
674 j
10.5 ;

910
41.7
620
28.4
290
31.9
31.9
31.9

897
41.3
606
27.9
291
32.4
36.9
28.4

994
45.7
631
29.0
363
36.5
33.5
40.2

•
i
i
!
!

I
j
i
|

21,060
13,448
63.9
11,958
56.8
1,490
11.1

21,085
13,515
64.1
11,940
56.6
1,574
11.6

6,205
74.1
5,629
67.2
576
9.3 |

6,189
73.8
5,580
66.6
609 !
9.8 j

6,247
74.7
5,620
67.2
627
10.0

6,394
61.0
5,759
54.9
635
9.9

6,359 :
60.5 j
5,762
54.9 :
597 :
9.4 :

6,356
60.4
5,748
54.6
607
9.6

956
44.0
694
31.9
262
27.4
22.1
33.1

900
41.4
616
28.3
284
31.6
30.0
33.4

912
41.5
572
26.0
340
37.3
34.1
40.3

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

i

i

i

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

Sept. ; May ! June
1988 \ 1989 ! 1989

July
1989

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

13.419
9,086
67.7
8,444

13,853
9,494
68.5
8.666

13,894

62.6

62.0
722
7.7

13,813
9.433
68.3
8.587
62.2
846
9.0

13.853
9,364
67.6
8,521
61.5
843
9.0

13,894
9,326

62.9
642

13,419 : 13,731 ! 13,772
9,272
9,428
9,061
68.7
67.3
67.5
8,524
8,686
8,378
62.4
61.9
63.3
683
742
748
7.9
7.5
8.1

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

828
8.7

7.1

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional

9,332
67.2
8,610

67.1
8,550

61.5
776
8.3

population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Category
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

115.474

119,092
40,880

117,498
40,856
29,608

Seasonally adjusted
Sept.
1988

May
1989

June
1989

July
1989

115,370

117,215

117,541

40,513

40,902
29,739
6,331

41,102
29,481

117,459
41,089

1,612
1.421
137

1,610

1,550

1,358
127

1,412
126

103,501

105,245
17,230
88,015
1.128
86,887
8,516
322

105,519
17,261
88,259
1.140
87,118
8,570

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

CHARACTERISTIC
Civilian employed. 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

40,815

29,031
6,188

28,665
6.298

1,626
1,500
123

1,958
1,494
181

1,686
1,523

103,400
j 17,035
86,365
1,077
I 85,288
j 8,592
232

106,390
16,887
89,503
1,217
88,286
8,797
273

105,287
17,513
87,775
1,011

6,379

28,836
6,253

6,403

117,597 117,456
40.636 40,572
29,552 29,220 29,461
6,437
6,342
6,456

MAJOR INOUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonaghcultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

120

17,145

86,764

86,356
1,119
85,237

8,586
296

8,570
230

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME

126

1,803

1,420
137

1.671
1,441

135

105,321
17,519
87,803
1,093
86,710

105,259
17,591
1,146
86,522

105,355
17.619
87,737
1,054
86,682

8,606
239

8,625
264

8,569
296

4,785
2,282
2,107
15,614

4,882
2.330

67,668

!

All industries:
Part time for economic reasons .
Slack work
Could only find part-time work .
Voluntary part time

5,125

4,487

2,041 | 2,250
2,191 j 2.415
15,375
12,460

2,097
1.991

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons .
Slack work
Could only find part-time work .
Voluntary part time

4,458
4,849
1,885 | 2,084
2,113
2,309
14,906 j 11,985

4,704 !

Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey
period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.




241

1,695
1,434

15.666

4,229
1,935
1.910
15.215

5,097:
2,266 i
2,389 I
15,270 i
4,862
2,102

2,317
14,819

4,837
2,296
2,343 I

4,957
2.289

4,750
2,311
2.138

15,316 |

15,416

15,652

4,609 !
2,102 !
2,301 i
14,976

4,801
2,190

4,505
2,185

2,236 i

2,057

2,318

14,977

15,219

4,553
2,129
2,024
15,094

2.171
15.542
4,612
2.174
2,090
15.109

Table A*5. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Quarterly averages
Measure

1988

Monthly data
1989

1989
III

IV

July

Aug. i Seot.

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the
civilian labor force

1.3

1.2

1.1

1.1

1.1 i

1.2

1.1

1.1

U-2 Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force ,

2.5

2.5

2.4

2.3

2.4

2.4

2.4

2.4

U-3 Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the
civilian labor force for persons 25 years and over

4.2

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.0

4.1

U-4 Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the
full-time civilian labor force

5.1

5.0

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

4.9

5.0

U-5a Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force,
including the resident Armed Forces

5.4

5.3

5.1

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.1

5.2

U-5b Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force .

5.5

5.3

5.2

5.3

5.2

5.2

5.2

5.3

U-6 Total full-time jobseekers plus 112 part-time jobseekers plus
112 total on part time for economic reasons as a percent of
the civilian labor force less 1/2 of the part-time labor force

7.6

7.5

7.2

7.2

7.2

7.2

7.1

7.3

U-7 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1 /2 part-time jobseekers
plus 1/2 total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged
workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers less 1/2 of the part-time labor force

8.4

8.2

7.9

7.9

7.9

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

N.A. = not available.

Table A-6. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Category
Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

May
1989

June
1989

July
1989

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

CHARACTERISTIC
6,614
3,589
2,905
3,025
2,456
1,253

6,421
3,403
2,790
3,018
2,468
1,163

6,584
3,67;
3,038
2,912
2,353
1,193

5.4
5.4
4.6
5.5
4.8
15.5

5.2
5.0
4.3
5.3
4.8
15.2

5.3
5.0
4.3
5.6
4.9
15.6

5.2
4.8
4.3
5.7
5.0
14.7

5.2
5.0
4.4
5.4
4,7
14.5

5.3
5.4
4.8
5.2
4.5
15.1

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present .
Women who maintain families

1,316
1,133
548

1,312
1,189
552

1,424
1,154
529

3.1
3.8
8.1

2.9
3.8
8.3

2.8
3.8
7.9

2.9
3.8
8.7

3.1
3.9
8.0

3.4
3.8
7.6

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost

5,293
1,328

5.183
1,253

5.255
1,330

5.1
7.4
6.3

4.8
6.9
5.9

4.8
7.7
6.1

4.9
7.2
6.0

4.9
6.9
5.9

5.0
7.3
5.9

4,969
1,871
67
608
1,196
677
519
3,098
237
1,438
1,423
474
195

4,971
1,844
48
638
1,158
623
535
3,127
234
1,424
1,470
489
169

5.021
1,825
61
648

5.4
6.4
8.6
9.6
5.4
5.2
5.8
5.0
3.8
6.2
4.4
2.7
10.8

5.2
5.8
4.5
9.3
. 4.9
4.5
5.5
4.9
4.0
5.5
4.7
2.9
10.3

5.3
6.2
3.7
10.0
5.2
4.6
6.1
4.9
4.4
6.0
4.3
3.0

5.4
6.2
5.5
10.5
5.0
4.7
5.5
5.0
4.2
6.2
4.4
2.8
8.5

5.4
6.4
6.5
10.3
5.2
4.8
5.9
4.9
3.6
6.0
4.4
2.7
8.6

5.4
6.3
8.5
10.4
5.1
4.7
5.5
5.0
4.7
5.8
4.5
2.8
7.7

Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over.
Women, 20 years and over.
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years .

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utitities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for




1,116
613
503
3,196
298
1,374
1,5241
505 i
140!

11.0

economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Weeks of unemployment

I

DURATION
3.022
2.152
1,178
612
566

3,355
1,737
1.237
664 j
573 |

3,116
1.896
1,568
775
793

3,041
2,017
1,313
702
611

3,309
1,999
1.258
659
599

3.149
1.927
1,472
846
626

3.071
2,011
1,305
737
567

3,156
2.036
1,370
789
581

13.3 i
4.8!

11.3
5.0

11.3 |
4.2 !

13.5
5.7

11.8
5.3

11.1
5.5

12.0
5.6

11.3
5.0

11.4
5.0

100,0
51.9
25.6
22.4
10.1
12.3 :

100.0
47.6
33.9
18.5
9.6
8.9

100.0
47.4
28.8
23.8
11.8
12.1

100.0
47.7
31.7
20.6
11.0
9.6

100.0
50.4
30.4
19.2
10.0
9.1

100.0
48.1
29.4
22.5
12.9
9.6

100.0
48.1
31.5
20.4
11.5
8.9|

100.0
48.1
31.0
20.9
12.0
6.8

3,308
1,632
1.428
644
784

Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over .
Average (mean) duration, in weeks .
Median duration, in weeks

I

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks ....
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over ....
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over.

100.0
53.0
27.4
19.5
10.5
9.1

Table A-8. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Reasons
Sept. . Aug. ! Sept. | Sept. I M a y j June
1988 ! 1989
1989 I 1988 \ 1989 ! 1989

Sept
1989

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers.
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

2,732 |
636 i
2,096 :
1,099
1,821
717

2,766
736
2,030
1,122
1,814
650

2,586 ' 3,079
631 j
833 i
1,955
2,246
U62 ;
985
1,997
1,767
585 ;
761

2,724
790
1,934
1,114
1.852
683

2,765
806
1,958
1,023
2,051
742

2,920
822
2,097
1,010
1,934
724

2,984
873
2,111
1,040
1,768
628

100.0
42.9
10.0
32.9
17.3
28.6
11.3

100.0
43.5
11.6
32.0
17.7
28.6
10.2

100.0 i 100.0
40.9 i
46.7
10.0
12.6
30.9
34.1 ;
18.4
14.9 ;
31.5
26.8 '
9.2
11.5

100.0
42.7
12.4
30.3
17.5
29.1
10.7

100.0
42.0
12.3
29.8
15.5
31.2
11.3

100.0
44.3
12.5 i
31.8
15.3
29.4
11.0

100.0
46.5
13.6
32.9
16.2
27.5
9.8

2.5

2.2

.8
1.4
.6

1.5

2.2
.8
1.7
.6

2,915
828
2,087
1.039
1,946
629

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers ....
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

|
j
j
!

100.0
44.6
12.7
32.0
15.9
29.8
9.6

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants




2.2
.9 ;
1.5
.6

2.2
.9
1.4
.5 .

2.1
.9
1.6
.5 '•

.9
.6

2.4
.8
1.6
.6

2.4
.8
1.4
.5

2.4
.8
1.6
.5

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

i

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Jnemployment rates'

Sex and age
Sept.
1983
Total 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 vears and over
Men 16 years and over
16 to 24 vears
16 to 19 vears
16 to 17 vears

.........

..

•
.

..

.

••-

••
"••--

20 to 24 years
25 years and over
55 years and over
Women 16 vears and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 vears
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 vears
20 to 24 vears
25 years and over
25 to 54 vears
55 vears and over

.......

..

.
......

••••••

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

May
1989

June
1989

July
1989

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

6,614
2,457
1,253
650
615
1,204
4,179
3,733
436

6,421
2,420
1,163
565
609
1,257
4,031
3,556
468

6,584
2,444
1,193
518
683
1,251
4,182
3,698
461

5.4
10.9
15.5
19.6
12.8

5.2
10.4
15.2
16.2
14.5

5.3
11.3
15.6
17.5
14.9

5.2
10.7
14.7
17.8
12.4

5.2
10.9
14.5
18.1
12.5

5.3
11.2
15.1
16.8
14.2

8.4
4.2

7.7
4.0

8.9
4.0

8.6
4.0

8.8
4.0

4.4
2.9

4.2
2.9

4.1
3.3

4.2
3.1

4.1
3.1

8.9
4.1
4.3

3,589
1,329
684

3,403
1,328
613

3,672
1,380
634

367
329
645

290
315
715

311
334
746

5.4
11.3
16.4
20.8
13.5

5.0
11.0
17.0
18.8
15.7

5.0
11.5
15.8
20.0
13.6

4.8
10.4
13.4
17.4
10.7

5.0
11.4
14.7
17.4
12.7

8.5

7.7

9.2

8.7

9.6

5.4
12.1
15.8
19.8
13.5
10.1

2,270
2,014
255

2,106
1,800
291

2,324
1,992
313

4.1
4.3
2.9

3.7
3.9
2.9

3.7
3.7
3.0

3.7
3.9
3.1

3.7
3.8
3.3

4.1
4.2
3.6

3,025
1,128

3,018
1,092

2,912
1,064

569
283
286
559

550
275
294
542

559
207
349
505

5.5
10.5
14.5
18.2
12.0

5.3
9.8
13.4
13.4
13.3

5.6
11.0
15.4
14.7
16.2

5.7
11.1
16.0
18.3
14.4

5.2
10.1
14.5
13.7
14.8

1,909
1,719

1.925
1,756

1,858
1,705

181

178

147

8.2
4.3
4.5
2.9

7.7
4.4
4.6
3.0

8.6
4.4
4.5
3.8

8.4
4.4
4.6
3.2

5.4
10.2
14.4
18.8
12.4
7.9

3.0

2.7

7.6
4.1
4.3
2.2

4.2
4.5

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.

Table A-10. Employment status of black and other workers
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted'

Employment status
Sept.
1988
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

26,540
I 16,884

63.6
15,297
57.6
1,586
9.4
9,656

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.




Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1938

May
1989

June
1989

July
1989

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

27,128
17,846
65.8

27,177
15,898
58.5
1,735

26,981
17,364
64.4
15,707
58.2
1,657

9.8
9,545

27,082
17,618
65.1
15,934
58.8
1,684

27,128
17,589
64.8
15,910
58.6
1,680

9.5
9,630

9,617

27,031
17,607
65.1
15,795
58.4
1,812
10.3
9,424

27',177
17,680

16,154
59.5

26,540
16,910
63.7
15,301 j
57.7 i
1,609 |

1,692
9.5
9,282

17,632

64.9

9.5

65.1
15,892
58.5
1,788

9.6

9.5

10.1

9,464

9,539

9,497

Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Occupational status of the employed and unemployed, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbjrs in thousands)
Unemployed

Civilian employed

Unemployment rate

Occupation
Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1988

Sept
1988

Sept.
1989

115,474

117,498

6,368

6,330

5.2

5.1

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

29,537
14,302
15,235

30,493
14,882
15,611

624
322
302

715
405
310

2.1
2.2
1.9

2.3
2.6
1.9

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

35,509
3,676

35,728
3,486
13,939
18,302

1,573
92
658
822

1,499
91
617
791

4.2
2.5
4.6
4.3

4.0
2.5
4.2
4.1

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

15,223
12,400

15,626
778
1,983
12,864

1,056
53
66
936

1,089
37
101
951

6.5
5.9
3.3
7.0

6.5
4.5
4.9
6.9

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers '.
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,514
4,281
5,145
4,088

13,838
4,507
5,247
4,084

603
140
288
175

665
166
328
170

4.3
3.2
5.3
4.1

4.6
3.6
5.9
4.0

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

18,106
8,156
5,056
4,893
899
3,994

18,158
8,349
5.129
4,681
768
3,912

1,513
715
224
573
145
429

1.482
629
267
586
148
438

7.7
8.1
4.2
10.5
13.9
9.7

7.5
7.0
4.9
11.1
16.1
10.1

3,586

3,656

258

177

6.7

4.6

Total, 16 years and over1

13,575
18,259
851
1,971

Farming, forestry, and fishing

Sept.
1989

1
Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job was
in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

Table A-12. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

Veteran status
and age

Civilian labor force

Civilian
noninstitutional
population

Unemployed
Total

Employed
Number

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1989

Sept.
-1988

Sept.
1989,

Sept.
• 1988

Sept.
1989

Percent of
labor force
Sept.
Sept.
1989,
1988

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over

7,890
5,826
633
2,070
3,123
2,064

7,928
5,409
440
1,673
3,296
2,519

7,261
5,540
592
1,965
2,983
1,721

7,249
5,114
406
1,561
3,146
2,136

7,008
5,344
554
1,894
2,896
1,664

4,926
382
1,486
3,058
2.072

253
196
38
71
87
57

251
187
24
75
88
63

3.5
3.5
6.4
3.6
2.9
3.3

3.5
3.7
6.0
4.8
2.8
3.0

20,631
9.175
6,928
4,528

21,665
9,401
7,506
4,758

19,645
8,779
6,593
4,273

20,572
8,966
7,121
4,485

18,958
8,439
6,405
4,114

19,877
8,669
6,867
4,341

687
340
188
159

695
297
255

3.5
3.9
2.9
3.7

3.4
3.3
3.6
3.2

NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men
who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to




143

those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to
the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

Seasonally adjusted"

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

May.
1989

June
1989

July
1989

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

20,903
13,999
13,298
701
5.0

21.192
14,455
13,782
674
4.7

21,227
14,409
13,695
715
5.0

20,903
14,053
13,330
723
5.1

21,085
14,331
13,546
785
5.5

21,122
14,286
13,489
797
5.6

21,147
14,443
13,674
769
5.3

21,192
14,358
13.706
652
4.5

21,227
14,452
13,716
736
5.1

9,755
6,135
5,824
310

5.1

9,978
6,310
5,968
342
5.4

9,996
6,198
5,843
355
5.7

9,755
6,133
5,831
302
4.9

9,924
6,227
5,827
400
6.4

9,942
6,344
5,960
384
6.1

9,965
6,286
5,930
356
5.7

9,978
6,209
5,884
325
5.2

9,996
6,194
5,846
348
5.6

8,720
5,772
5,462
310
5.4

8,708
5,985
5,637
347
5.8

8,711
5,974
5,644
330
5.5

8,720
5,745
5,395
350
6.1

8,698
5,899
5,563
336
5.7

8,701
5,934
5,609
325
5.5

8,699
5,860
5,533
327
5.6

8,708
5,889
5,540
349
5.9

8,711
5,944
5,576
368
6.2

4,598
3,125
3,031
94
3.0

4,604
3,243
3,117
126
3.9

4,605
3,112
2,978
134
4.3

4,598
3,139
3,043
96
3.1

4,598
3,196
3,080
116
3.6

4,600
3,166
3,040
126
4.0

4,601
3,183
3,041
142
4.5

4,604
3,191
3,060
131
4.1

4,605
3,130
2,993
137
4.4

7,043
4,611
4,305
306
6.6

7,100
4,766
4,449
317
6.7

7,101
4,689
4,339
349
7.5

7,043
4,611
4,274
337
7.3

7,095
4,581
4,273
308
6.7

7,097
4,630
4,291
339
7.3

7,104
4,646
4,331
315
6.8

7,100
4,673
4,352
321
6.9

7,101
4,682
4,305
377
8.1

6,044
3,941
3,807
134
3.4

6,066
4,035
3,864
171
4.2

6,068
3,974
3,803
171
4.3

6,044
3,973
3,823
150
3.8

6,059
3,952
3.834
118
3.0

6,062
3,971
3,806
165
4.2

6,064
3,976
3,814
162
4.1

6,066
3,990
3,810
180
4.5

6,068
4,014
3,828
186
4.6

13,804
8,513
8,159
354
4.2

13,816
8,734
8,313
421
4.8

13,817
8,595
8,147
448
5.2

13,804
8,554
8,184
370
4.3

13,809
8,770
8,307
463
5.3

13,812
8,705
8,266
439
5.0

13,814
8,674
8,269
405
4.7

13,816
8,557
8,127
430
5.0

13,817
8,649
8,182
467
5.4

4,934
3,352
3,248
104
3.1

5,016
3,484
3,363
121
3.5

5,021
3,445
3,324
121
3.5

4,934
3,358
3,237
121
3.6

5,000
3,467
3,340
127
3.7

5,006
3,463
3,339
124
3.6

5,014
3.444
3,327
117
3.4

5,016
3,432
3,304
128
3.7

5,021
3,454
3,315
139
4.0

8,263
5,287
4,985
302
5.7

8,318
5,517
5,257
261
4.7

8,320
5,460
5,192
269
4.9

8,263
5,311
5,004
307
5.8

8,310
5,434
5,138
296
5.4

8,313
5,490
5,183
307
5.6

8,320
5,450
5,157
293
5.4

8,318
5,469
5,209
260
4.8

8,320
5,491
5,216
275
5.0

California
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
,
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population ....
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
North Carolina
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
See footnotes at end of table.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States—Continued
{Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted"

Not seasonally adjusted'
State and employment status

Sept.
1988

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

Sept.
1988

May.
1989

June
1989

July
1989

Aug.
1989

Sept.
1989

Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

5,686
233
3.9

9,385
5,827
5,523
304
5.2

9,424
5,920
5,649
271
4.6

9.427
5,917
5,678
239
4.0

9,433
5,823
5,562
261
4.5

9,433
5,768
5,520

9,435

5,862
5,625
237
4.0

248
4.3

241

11,996

11,998

12,007

610
7.2

8,321
7,732
589
7.1

11,987
8,250
7,762
488

11.990
8,223
7,721
502

11,996

591
7.1

8,266
7,745
521
6.3

11,989
8,241

7,749

8,452
7,843

8,352
7,729

11,998
8,253
7,737

5.9

6.1

623
7.5

516
6.3

9,385
5,881
5,584
297
5.1

9,433
5,919

12,007
8,341

9,435

5,813
5,572
4.1

Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the
administration of Federal fund allocation programs.
•' The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,




7.645
596
7.2

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted
columns.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-14. Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and race, quarterly averages
(In thousands)
Not seasonally
adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Reason, sex, and race
1988

1969

1988

1999
IV

TOTAL
Total not in labor force

61,798

61,447

62.959

62.865

62,482

62,388

62,597

56,816
3,774
4,447
25,380
17,044
6,171

56.153
3,655
4,694
24,028
18,026
5.550

58,202
7,022
4,453
25,331
16,825
4,571

57,491
6,229
4,730
24,588
17,251
4,693

57,310
6,365
4,528
24,550
17,179
4,688

57,046
6,292
4,782
24.062
17,407
4,503

57,853
7,312
4,659
23.988
17.688
4,206

4,982
808
791
1,237
952
600
351
1,194

5,294
912
915
1,307
835
513
322
1,325

5,276
1,387
794
1,128
941
599
341
1,026

5,418
1,412
750
1,145
951
597
354
1,160

5,313
1,279
910
1,177
855
562
293
1,093

5,331
1.274
965
1,151
869
519
350
1,072

5.509
1.477
889
1,169
815
511
305
1.159

20,000

20,135

20,926

21,084

20,861

20,839

21,101

18,311

18,322

19,100

19,062

19,085

18,929

19.284

1,689
379
376
448
487

1,813
440
503
351
519

1,920
669
379
447
425

1,985
716
351
446
473

1,946
632
420
410
484

1.932
639
471
410
412

2,031
735
487
340
470

41,798

41,311

42,035

41,781

41,621

41,549

41,498

38,505

37,831

39,103

38,428

38,225

38,118

38,569

3,293
429
415
1,237
504
708

3,481
472
412
1,307
484
806

3,356
718
415
1,128
494
601

3,433
697
399
1,145
505
688

3,367
646
491
1,177
445

3,399
635
494
1.151
460
660

3,478
742
403
1,169
475
689

Total not in labor force ...

52,518

52,175

53,447

53,325

52.980

52,888

53,074

Do not want a job now .

48,975

48,513

49,728

49,381

49,280

49,060

49,320

3,545
517
552
902
583
991

3,658
607
597
898
509
1,048

3,691
908
556
806
600
821

3,854
911
511
828
676
928

3,844
885
704
793
570
892

3,835
906
684
835
527
882

3,774
1,003
583
793
514
881

7,284

7,347

7,497

7,471

7,445

7,542

7,555

Do not want a job now ...

6,134

5,875

6,227

6,182

6,134

6,303

5,971

Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance .
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job ...
Other reasons'

1,150
197
222
265
317
149

1,472
264
310
362
296
239

1,241
316
217
270
290
147

1,259
374
206
272
210
197

1,315
335
206
343
253
178

1,325
316
261
266
323
160

1,613
430
297
365
272
250

Do not want a job now
Current activity: Going to school ,
III. disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance .
II! health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job ...
Job-market factors
Personal factors
Other reasons'
Men
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance .
Ill health, disability
Think cannot get a job ...
Other reasons1
Women
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now ...
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance .
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job ...
Other reasons
White

Want a job now
Reason-not looking: School attendance .
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job ...
Other reasons'
Black
Total not in labor force

Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home
responsibilities."




NOTE: Detail may not add to not-in-labor force totals because of the
weighting procedures.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-l. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
(In thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Sept.
1988
Total.

July
1989

Aug.
1989fi/

Sept.
189

Sept.
1988

May
1989

June
1989

July
1989

Aug.
1989£/

Sept.
19S9p/

106,601 108,540 108,638 109,453 106,207 108,310 108,607 108,767 108,855 109,064
89,416

91,733

91,967

91,874

88,736

90,623

90,884

91,016

91,075

91,189

Goods—producing industries.

25,757

25,904

26,142

26,041

25,313

25,672

25,648

25,669

25,696

25,588

Mining
Oil and gas extraction.

728
406.5

714
406.4

740
409.3

734
405.7

719
404

722
401

715
402

706
404

730
405

725
403

5,672
5,622
5,442
5,598
1,426.3 1,463.8 1,479.1 1,451.6

5,163
1,374

5,283
1,388

5,283
1,384

5,314
1,391

5,316
1,401

5,316
1,398

Total private.

Construction
General building contractors.
Manufacturing
Production workers.

19,587
13,413

19,568
13,296

19,730
13,458

19,709
13,461

19,431
13,263

19,667
13,426

19,650
13,400

19,649
13,410

19,650
13,406

19,547
13,309

Durable goods
Production workers.

11,524
7,712

11,490
7,618

11,538
7,670

11,535
7,682

11,464
7,653

11,594
7,735

11,567
7,706

11,549
7,697

11,553
7,700

11,471
7,624

Lumber and wood products
783.0
Furniture and fixtures
531.5
611.6
Stone, clay, end glass products
781
Primary metal industries
276
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
1,443
Fabricated metal products
,
094
Machinery, except electrical
E l t i l and
d electronic
l t i equipment
Electrical
2,077.8
Transportation equipment
,053
Motor vehicles and equipment
865
755.0
Instruments and related products
....
391.9
Miscellaneous manufacturing

786.5
523.6
612.5
776.0
277.5
1,430.3
2,145.1
2,027.6
2,023.3
828.5
781.4

787.4
527.5
613.2

781.0

2,041.8
847.1
781.2
397.0
397.5

763
530
600
779
277
1,436
2,098
2,072
2,044
859
756
386

771
534
604
787
276
1,452
2,150
2,050
2,076
876
778
392

769
534
6031
787|
276
1,449
2,151
2,041
2,062
861
779
392

767
536
602
785
277
1,446
2,154
2,040
2,046
844
781
392

764
529
601
787
276
1,441
2,153
2,032
2,070
873
782
394

760
528
595
777
274
1,434
2,149
2,020
2,034
840
782
392

8,078
5,678

8,192
5,788

8,174
5,779

7,967
5,610

8,073
5,691

8,083
5,694

8,100
5,713

8,097
5,706

8,076
5,685

1,707.8 1,711.2
58.1
49.5
730.0
717.3
,090.8
090.8 1,061.3
694.5
702.6
,566.7 1,605.4
074.411 ,099.0
164.21 166.0
830.7
831.2
134.1
145.8

1,755.5
52.2
730.9
1,093.2
704
1,606.4
1,102.6
166.3
838.6
142.2

1,756.8
54.6
730.3
1,088.0
699.4
1,604.4
1,095.0
165.0
839.7
140.7

1,627
55
726
1,085
693
1,573
1,072
162
830
144

1,656
53
723
1,095
697
1,603
1,094
162
843
142

1,663
52
729
1,093
697
1,607
1,096
163
* 841
142

1,678
53
730
1,094
701
1,609
1,091
163
841
140

1,670
52
729
1,094
701
1,611
1,095
163
842
140

1,673
52
726
1,083
697
1,611
1,093
163
839
139

Nondurable goods
Production workers
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products.. . •
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
,
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. Plastics products
Leather and leather products

8,063
5,701

383.4

783.6

276.1
1,435.2
2,142.5
2,032.4
2,035.1

529.7

607.4

779.9
274.4
L,442.9
M47.3
',026.2

846.7

783.6

80,844

82,636

82,496

83.412

80,894

82,638

82,959

83,098

83,159

83,476

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities

5,627
3,410
2,217

5,737
3,503
2,234

5,624
3,521
2,103

5,763
3,598
2,165

5,581
3,365
2,216

5,700
3,484
2,216

5,716
3,500
2,216

5,736
3,524
2,212

5,625
3,539
2,086

5,717
3,552
2,165

Hholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

6,090
3,591
2,499

6,279
3,722
2,557

6,291
3,725
2,566

6,281
3,712
2,569

6,071
3,590
2,481

6,222
3,685
2,537

6,230
3,693
2,537

6,237
3,700
2,537

6,254
3,706
2,548

6,263
3,712
2,551

19,266
Retail trade
2,404.8
General merchandise stores
3,123.2
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations... 2,132.9
6,449.7
Eating and drinking places

19,684
2,425.2
3,290.2
2,182.6
6,535.4

19,757
2,428.6
3,298.8
2,182.9
6,576.8

19,702
2,435.9
3,291.6
2,172.9
6,551.0

19,188
2,452
3,122
2,115
6,296

19,528
2,491
3,245
2,159
6,348

19,551
2,493
3,262
2,155
6,362

19,536
2,482
3,274
2,155
6,370

19,620
2,483
3,292
2,153
6,385

19,624
2,486
3,292
2,154
6,397

6,913
3,357
2,142
1,414

6,918
3,358
2,141
1,419

6,853
3,330
2,132
1,391

6,695
3,288
2,092
1,315

6,790
3,320
2,123
1,347

6,808
3,320
2,129
1,359

6,815
3,324
2,131
1,360

6,834
3,335
2,135
1,364

6,844
3,337
2,138
1,369

25,970| 27,216 27,235 27,234
5,701.815,826.3 5,864.1 5,898.8
7,229.2 7,685.8 7,717.5 7,738.9

25,888
5,651
7,228

26,711
5,776
7,570

26,931
5,799
7,616

26,973
5,786
7,648

27,046
5,800
7,694

27,153
5,846
7,739

17,471
2,985
4,088
10;398

17,687
2,999
4,119
10,569

17,723
2,995
4,136
10,592

17,751
3,000
4,145
10,606

17,780
2,998
4,161
10,621

17,875
2,996
4,171
10,708

Service-producing industries.

Finance, insurance, and real estate
Finance
Insurance
Real estate
Services
Business services.
Health services...
Government.
Federal..
State
Local
P = preliminary.




6,706
3,282
2,087
1,3371

17,185
2,968
4,016
10,201

16,807
3,033
3,921
9,853

16,671
3,010
3,932
9,729

17,579
2,978
4,096
10,505

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workersj/ on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.

Sept.
1989 E /

Sept.
1988
34.7

34.8

35.1

34.9

34.7

Mining.

42.2

42.5

42.8

43.0

Construction

38.4

38.9

38.9

SB.6

Manufacturing
Overtime hours.

4^2

40.5
3.7

40.8
3.8

Durable goods
Overtime hours.

42.0
4.3

40.9
3.7

40.3
40.1
42.8
44.0
44.7
42.1
42.7
41.0
43.0
44.1
41.6
39.3

Total private.

Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone* clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products..
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Overtime hours
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

I
j

May
1989

June
1989

July
1989

Aug.
1989£/

Sept.
1989fi/

34.6

34.6

34.8

34.6

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

41.1
4.1

41.1
3.9

41.0
3.8

41.0
3.8

41.0
3.9

40.9
3.7

41.0
3.8

41.2
3.8

41.6
4.1

41.9
4.1

41.5
3.9

41.5
3.9

41.5
4.0

41.5
3.9

41.5
3.9

39.5
38.8
42.5
42.6
43.2
40.7
41.9
40.0
41.6
41.4
40
38.6

40.4
39.8
42.8
42.5
43.0
41.1
41.7
40.7
41.
41,
40,
39.3

40.2
40.1
42.7
42.6
42.5
41.5
42.2
41
42
43.7
40.8
39.6

40.1
39.6
42.3
43.9
44.5
42.0
42.7
40.9
43.0
44.1
41.6
39.2

39.7
39.4
41.9
43.2
43.6
41.7
42.5
40.7
42.5
42.8
41.1
39.6

39.8
39.4
42.2
43.3
43.7
41.5
42.5
40.
42.5
42.7
41.3
39.4

39.6
39.5
42.3
43.0
43.2
41.5
42.4
40.6
42.6
42.6
41.4
39.3

40.2
39.6
42.5
42.9
43.4
41.4
42.2
40.9
42.5
42.8
41.0
39.5

40.0
39.6
42.3
42.5
42.3
41.4
42.2
41.1
42.7
43.7
40.8
39.5

40.5
4.1

40.0
3.7

40.2
3.8

40.5
4.1

40.2
3.7

40.2
3.7

40.3
3.6

40.2
3.8

40.2
3.6

40.2
3.7

40.8
41.2
41.4
37 1
43.7
38.5
42
44
41
37.5

40.9
37.9
40.6
36.7
42.9
37.4
42.2
44.3
40.8
37.8

41.1
37.3
41.3
37.1
43.1
37.8
42.0
43.7
41.1
38.5

41.2
39.6
41.1
37.1
43.7
38.3
42.7
44.1
41.5
38.3

40.3
(2)
41.0
37.1
43.2
38.1
42.3
(2)
41.7
37.5

40.5
(2)
41.4
37.1
43.3
37.7
42.1
(2)
41.5
37.4

40.7
(2)
41.4
37.1
43.3
37.8
42.5
(2)
41.5
37.9

41.0
(2)
41.2
37.0
43.2
37.6
42.5
(2)
41.4
37.7

40.7
(2)
41.0
37.0
43.4
37.7
42.3
(2)
41.4
38.2

40.7
(Z)
40.7
37.1
43.2
37.9
42.7
(2)
41.5
38.3

I

Transportation and public utilities.

39.5

39.8

39.3

39.4

39.4

39.5

39.4

39.4

38.9

39.3

Wholesale trade

38.1

38.3

38.1

38.1

38.1

37.9

38.0

38.1

38.0

38.1

Retai1 trade

29.1

29.9

29.6

28.8

29.1

28.9

28.9

29.2

28.8

28.7

Finance, insurance, and real estate.

35.8

36.3

35.8

35.7

C2)

(2)

(2)

C2)

(2)

C2)

Services.

32.5

33.1

32.9

32.6

32.6

32.5

32.5

32.8

32.6

32.7

1/

Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction;
and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and
public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance;
insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups
account for approximately four-fifths of the total
employees on private nonagricultural payrolls.




2/ These series are not published seasonally
adjusted since the seasonal component is small
relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficent precision,
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workersi/ on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Total private

Sept.
1983

July
1989

Aug.
1989 E /

Sept.
1989£/

$9.40
9.37

$9.63
9.69

$9.60
9.68

$9.76
9.73

Sept.
1988

July
1989

Aug.
19S9p/

Sept.
1989p/

$327.12 $338.01 $335.04 $338.67
325.14 337.21 334.93 336.66

Seasonally adjusted
12.82

12.95

13.04

13.19

541.00

550.38

558.11

13.16

13.33

13.33

13.48

505.34

518.54

518.54

520.33

10.25

10.47

10.44

10.54

423.33

424.04

425.95

433.19

10.78

10.99
8.92

10.98
8.93
8.29
10.76
12.35

11.09
8.97
8.41
10.81
12.41
14.35
10.63
11.46
10.46
13.83
14.42
10.33
8.35

452.76
350.21
324.41
451.54
538.56
628.93
435.31
473.54
417.79
577.92
621.81
415.58
314.79

449.49
352.34
320.49
456.88
528.24
619.06
428.57
475.57
416.40
566.18
582.50
420.65
319.99

452.38
360.77
329.94
460.53
524.88
614.04
431.55
472.88
423.69
569.92
588.29
418.40
321.87

461.34
360.59
337.24
461.59
528.67
609.88
441.15
483.61
429.91
590.54
630.15
421.46
330.66

15.61
7.70
6.32
11.92
10.90
13.09
15.25

9.80
9.32
14.21
7.76
6.40
12.01
11.04
13.15
15.45
9.51
6.60

384.75
371.69
580.51
307.60
230.39
512.16
411.95
539.33
672.45
384.47
236.25

390.80
382.42
619.29
311.00
230.48
516.52
405.04
553.66
679.56
385.56
247.21

390.34
381.00
582.25
318.01
234.47
513.75
412.02
549.78
666.43
387.98
251.79

396.90
383.98
562.72
318.94
237.44
524.84
422.83
561.51
681.35
394.67
252.78

567.17

Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

8.69
8.09

8.26
10.75
12.40
14.33
10.53
11.35
10.41
13.61
14.07
10.31

10.55
12.24
14.07
10.34
11.09
10.19
13.44
14.10
9.99
8.01

8.29
9.77
9.35

9.50
9.11

14.09
7.43
6.21

14.28
10.50
11.34
10.41
13.70
14.21
10.28

8.19
9.71
9.27

11.72
10.70
12.75
15.01

16.34
7.66
6.28
12.04
10.83
13.12
15.34

6.30

6.54

Transportation and public utilities

12.40

12.58

12.50

12.67

489.80

500.68

491.25

499.20

Nholesale trade

10.04

30.40

10.35

10.44

382.52

398.32

394.34

397.76

9.22

9.45

9.44
6.54

Retail trade

6.38

6.49

6.49

6.61

185.66

194.05) 192.10

190.37

Finance, insurance, and real estate

9.14

9.59

9.49

9.60

327.21

348.12] 339.74

342.72

Services

9.00.

9.33

9.29

9.48

292.50

308.821 305.64

309.05

J/

See footnote 1, table B-2.

P = preliminary.

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workersi/ on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted

Industry

Total private^/i
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollarsl/
Construction
Manufacturing
Excluding overtime^/
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance, insurance, and real estate
Services

Sept.
1988

$9.37
4.83
13.07
10.25
9.78
12.37
10.03
6.56
9.18
9.00

1/ See footnote 1, table B-2.
£/ Includes mining* not shown separately,
because its seasonal component is too small
to be separated out with sufficient
precision.
1/ The Consumer Price Index for Urban
Mage Earners and Clerical Norkers (CPI-W) is




June
1989

May
1989

$9.60
4.77
13.32
10.42
9.97
12.54
10.28
6.49
9.45
9.33

$9.62
4.77
13.32
10.45
9.99
12.54
10.33
6.52
9.53
9.34

July
1989

$9.69
4.79
$13.42
10.48
10.01
12.61
10.44
6.54
9.68
9.46

Aug.
1989P/

$9.
4.
$13.
10.
10.
12.
10.
6.
9.
9.

Sept.
1989£/

$9.73
N.A.
$13.39
10.54
10.07
12.64
10.44
6.58
9.64
9.48

Percent
change
from:
Aug. 1989Sept. 1989

0.5
(4)
.1
.2
.2
1.0
.5
.3
.8
.5

used to deflate this series.
§/ Change was 0.0 percent from July 1989
to August 1989, the latest month available.
j>/ Derived by assuming that overtime
hours are paid at the rate of time and onehalf.
N.A. = not available.
£/ = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table *B-5. Indexes o f aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory w o r k e r s i / on p r i v a t e
p a y r o l l s by i n d u s t r y

nonagricultural

(1977=100)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Sept. July
1988 1989
Total private
Goods-producing industries

Aug.
1989£/

Sept.
1989£/

Sept. May
1988 1989

131.1

130.0

125.6 127.6 128.1 129.2

128.4

128.6

105.6

101.8 102.4 102.5 103.0

103.1

102.5

80.3

83.7

83.3

138 1 138.2 139.3 142.7

80.7

85.3

85.0

81.1

158.1

94.5

96.3

97.1

95.7

95.0 91.6
107.1 105.4
114.4 107.9
93.0 92.3
69.3 66.2
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.. 54.8 52.7
92.4 87.6
91.2 91.9
101.4 94.9
100.5 94.1
92.3 80.8
113.6 114.7
Instruments and related products
86.8 81.9
Miscellaneous manufacturing

92.8
107.8
112.0
93.0
66.7
52.2
89.1
91.4
97.2
95.0
83.3
114.9
87.4

93.9
106.3
113.4
91.6
66.5
51.1
90.7
92.8
98.1
98.3
87.5
115.5
88.1

101.4
112.8
66.2
81.6
85.1
102.9
137.8
101.4
85.3
117.4
56.5

139.2 146.5
115.3 118.8
124.4 128.7

128.3

97.2

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products

Printing and publishing

Retail trade

See footnote 1, table B-2.




Sept.
1989p/

105.5

149.7 156.1

Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products

Aug.
1989fi/

126.9 131.2

154.5

Nondurable goods

July
1989

104.9 103.6
82.7

Manufacturing.

June
1989

100.4
108.2
82.9
81.9
84.6
103.2
137.9
99.2
86.0
117.9
56.2

98.9
108.6
62.5
78.5
81.5
102.1
136.3
101.3
86.3
115.2
52.2

81.8

81.2

143.0

142 9

,«,

96.3

95.6

94.1
103.7
112.6
89.6
68.9
54.2
91.5
91.2
100.6
100.0
92.3
113.7
84.8

94.3 94.0 93.8
103.7 103.4 102.6
112.9 112.6 113.2
89.3 89.8 90.0
68.2 68.5 67.9
52.3 52.6 52.0
91.7 90.8 90.7
93.7 93.8 94.0
98.4 97.8 97.6
100.5 99.5 98.6
90.2 88.1 85.7
115.8 116.1 116.9
86.6 86.2 85.7

93.9
103.6
111.9
90.2
67.8
52.8
90.2
93.3
98.0
100.1
89.5
115.8
87.0

92.9
102.8
111 .6
88.6
66.0
51.2
89.7
92.9
97.7
97.8
86.7
115.8
86.1

101.9
113.4
75.2
81.0
84.6
103.7
139.6
102.3
85.7
118.8
55.5

98.2
100.4
74.3
80.6
84.2
101.7
137.2
98.7
84.1
117.8
55.4

99.5
103.3
69.6
81.5
85.4
102.3
137.8
100.5
83.5
119.6
54.7

99.8
105.1
66.9
80.6
84.9
103.2
138.1
101.2
83.4
119.2
55.0

99.6
105.3
68.0
79.7
84.2
102.1
138.7
101.8
83.5
118.9
54.6

145.2

143.5

138.8 141.5 142.2 143.7

142.4

143.0

114.7

118.1

114.1 117.3 117.3 117.7

113.4

116.7

128.0

123.8 126.1 126.7 127.2

127.2

127.5
126.9

96.4

99.9
104.3
69.0
81.5
85.2
102.3
138.3
101.8
84.3
118.9
55.5

100.1
106.4
70.5
81.3
84.9
102.7
137.7
101.5
83.2
118.8
54.7

126.2 132.6

131.9

128.0

125.9 127.2 127.4 128.9

127.5

140.7 147.6

145.9

143.4

140.9 141.9 142.7 145.0

143.3

143.6

163.3 173.9

173.1

171.2

163.2 167.5i 169.0 170.8

170.3

171.3

p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Time spen

Jen.

Feb.

Apr.

Ner.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Private nonagricultural payrolls, 349 industries!/
Over 1-month spani
1987
1988
1989.

55.6
60.7
68.3

59.3
63.5
60.5

61.0
63.0
61.0

61.9
62.8
58.2

58.6
61.3
55.6

59.7
67.2
59.7

Over 3-month spmnt
1987
1988
1989

60.7
64.8
71.6

62.0
65.6
70.1

66.6
69.5
64.5

65.2
70.2
61.9

65.8
71.1
61.6

65.9
71.9
60.7

67.8
71.2
p/62.5

Over 6-month spam
1987
1988
1989

67.3
69.9
75.1

65.8
70.2
69.5

64.8
71.5
68.2

66.8
73.9
66.0

67.6
73.9
fi/63.5

69.5
69.1
E'58.5

Over 12-month spam
1987
1988
1989

66.6
76.2
73.2

68.2
68.2
76.1
74.8
E/72.5 fi/69.1

71.8
74.6

71.9
75.8

72.5
74.9

65.3
60.6
63.6
58.0
55.6 E/56.3

63.0
55.4
E/47.4

67.8
63.9

64.5
68.2

60.7
64.6

71.1
64.2
E/52.1

71.2
65.3

72.3
70.1

70.9
73.4

65.9
74.6

71.3
70.2

73.5
74.6

73.2
73.5

71.5
73.9

71.8
74.5

72.2
75.8

72.2
78.1

74.1
75.5

75.4
75.5

72.5
74.8

73.8
74.9

76.9
74.1

Manufacturing payrolls, 141 industries!/
Over 1-month spani
1987
1988
1989

44.3
58.5
62.4

53.9
56.0
53.5

54.3
55.0
53.2

55.7
59.9
49.6

55.3
58.5
46.8

54.3
61.7
48.6

62.8
59.6
49.6

59.9
51.1
E'47.2

63.8
49.3
E/34.8

59.9
62.8

65.6
64.9

56.4
58.5

Over 3-month spam
1987
1988
1989

52.1
63.1
67.4

51.4
61.0
63.8

59.6
62.4
55.7

61.3
64.9
51.8

58.5
67.4
49.3

62.8
67.0
48.6

67.0
64.5
fi/49.6

71.6
58.2
E'35.5

68.4
62.1

70.6
66.7

67.7
71.3

64.5
70.9

Over 6-month spam
1987
1988
1989

57.4
66.3
69.5

56.7
66.3
58.5

55.3
67.7
55.7

62.4
64.9
69.5
66.7
52.8 E/50.4

67.0
64.2
fi/40.4

67.4
66.0

70.6
70.9

71.3
68.8

69.5
69.9

69.5
71.6

68.1
74.1

Over 12-month span
1987
1988
1989

55.3
73.8
63.1

58.5
70.2
fi/63.1

67.4
69.9

71.6
70.9

72.7
69.1

71.6
71.6

69.1
70.2

68.4
69.9

72.3
67.0

58.5
70.9 .
fi/55.3

63.5
71.6

1/ Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-,
and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the
12-month span. Data are centered within the span,
pspreliminary,
NOTEi Figures are the percent of industries with




66.3
72.0

employment increasing plus one- half of the
industries with unchanged employment, where
50 percent indicates an equal balance
between industries with increasing and
decreasing employment.