Full text of The Employment Situation : September 1988

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News

Bureau of Labor Statistics

United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212

Technical information: (202) 523-1371
523-1944
523-1959
Media contact:
523-1913

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:

USDL 88-498
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS
RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
8:30 A.M. (EDT), FRIDAY,
OCTOBER 7, 1988
SEPTEMBER 1988

Employment rose and unemployment edged down in September, the Bureau
of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today. Both
the overall and civilian worker jobless rates, which had risen slightly In
August, fell two-tenths of a percentage point to 5.3 and 5.4 percent,
respectively.
Nonfarm payroll employment, as measured by the monthly survey of
business establishments, rose by 255,000 to 106.7 million in September.
More than 100,000 of this increase occurred in government employment,
largely related to gains in public education. Total civilian employment,
as measured by the monthly survey of households, edged up to 115.3 million.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
After rising
slightly In August, both the level and rate of
unemployment eased back down in September.
The number of unemployed
persons fell by 250,000 in September to 6.6 million, and the civilian
worker unemployment rate declined from 5.6 to 5.4 percent, seasonally
adjusted.
Both of these measures have moved within relatively narrow
ranges most of this year. (See table A-2.)
Adult men accounted for the over-the-month decline in unemployment as
their jobless rate returned to the July level of 4.5 percent. In contrast,
the rates for adult women (4.8 percent), teenagers (15.7 percent), whites
(4.8 percent), and blacks (10.8 percent) showed little or no change over
the month. The jobless rate for Hispanics dropped by a percentage point to
7.4 percent. (See tables A-2 and A-3.)
The median duration of unemployment declined slightly over the month
to 5.5 weeks.
The number of persons working part time for economic
reasons—persons often referred to as the partially unemployed—was little
changed at 5.1 million. (See tables A-7 and A-4.)
Civilian Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total civilian
employment edged up to 115.3 million, and the
employment-population ratio was at a high of 62.4 percent. The civilian
labor force numbered 121.9 million. Labor force growth has been relatively
slow thus far in 1988. (See table A-2.)




- 2 Discouraged Workers (Household Survey Data)
In the third quarter of 1988, there were 930,000 discouraged workers—
persons who want to work but have not looked for jobs because they believe
they could not find any. Their number was about the same as in the second
quarter of 1988, More than half of the discouraged total were women, and a
third were black. (See table A-14.)
Table A, Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

Quarterly
averages

Monthly data

Category

III

II

Aug,Sept.
change

1988

1988
July

Aug.

Sept

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Labor force if
Total employment J_/.
Civilian labor force..
Civilian employment.
Unemployment
Not In labor force....
Discouraged workers.

122,968
116,352
121,258
114,642
6,616
63,131
910

Thousands of
123
123 ,3V
116 ,878 116 ,732
121 ,880 121 ,684
115 ,189 115 ,059
6 ,691
6 ,625
62 ,960
63 ,045
930
N.A.

persons
12J ,/2i
116 ,872
122 ,031
115 ,180
6 ,851
62 ,799
N.A.

123 ,628
117 ,032
121 ,924
115 ,328
6 ,596
63 ,038
N.A.

-95
160
-107
148
-255
239
N.A.

5.3

-0.2

5.4
4.5

-.2
-.4

4.8
15.7
4.8
10.8

-.1
-.1

Percent of labor force
Unemployment rates:\
All workers l_/
All civilian workers
Adult men
Adult women
Teenagers
White
Black
Hispanic origin...

5.4

5 .4

5.4

5.5
4.7

5.5
4 .6
4 .9

5.4
4.5

4.9
15.0
4.6
12.09.1

15 .6
4 .8
11 .2
7.9

5.1
15.2
4.7
11.4
8.0

5 .5
5 .6
4 .9
4 .8
15 .8
4 .9
11 .3
8 .4

7.4

0

-.5
-1.0

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Nonfarm employment••
Goods-producing...
Service-producing.

Thousands of jobs
105,609 plO6 ,469 106 ,2/1 p!06 ,440 plO6 ,695
25,498 P 25 ,649
25 ,663 P25 ,646 P25 ,637
80 ,608 p80 ,794 p81 ,058
80,111 p80 ,820

p255
p264

Hours of work
Average weekly hours:
Total private
Manufacturing
Overtime

34.8
41.1
3.9

34 .9

P 34

P 34

P 41

41 .1
3 .9

P 41

p41 .2
P 4 .0

.7
.1
P3 .9

U
Includes the resident Armed Forces.
p*=preliminary.




.7

P 34

.6
.0
p3 .9

pO.l
P.2
p.l

N.A.«not available.

- 3 Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Employment in nonagricultural establishments was up by 255,000 in
September to a level of 106.7 million, seasonally adjusted. This job gain
was slightly larger than those posted in the previous 2 months but much
smaller than the average increase of 345,000 experienced during the first
half of the year.
Employment growth in September was concentrated in the
service-producing sector, particularly in government.
For the second
straight month,
private industries posted a small employment gain;
increases averaged only 120,000, compared with over 300,000 a month in the
first 7 months of the year, (See table B-l.)
In the service-producing sector, government jobs increased by 115,000,
seasonally adjusted, paced by strong fall hiring in state and local
education.
Employment in the services industry showed a relatively modest
employment increase of 65,000 in September.
Health services jobs, which
have risen by 430,000 over the year, accounted for most of the services
increase.
In contrast, business services, one of the strongest performers
throughout the expansion, has shown little growth in the last 2 months.
Wholesale trade continued its pattern of consistent job growth with an
increase of 25,000 jobs. The transportation and public utilities industry
also added 25,000 jobs, concentrated in the transportation component.
Employment in the other private service sector industries—retail trade,
and finance, insurance, and real estate—was little changed in September,
In the goods-producing sector, factory employment edged down for the
second consecutive month, after having risen consistently over the prior
year and a half.
Small job gains in machinery and autos were more than
offset by small but widespread declines in other manufacturing industries.
In the construction industry, the number of jobs was also little changed,
while employment in the oil and gas component of therainingindustry has
edged.down over the last 2 months.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonagricultural payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 34.7 hours in
September, seasonally adjusted, following a sharp decline in the previous
month.
The factory workweek rose by 0.2 hour to 41.2 hours, and
manufacturing overtime edged up 0.1 hour to 4.0 hours. Both factory hours
and overtime continue to be quite high by historical standards. (See table
B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, at 126.0 (1977-100), rose 0.4
percent, seasonally adjusted. The index for manufacturing was also up by
0,4 percent, to 96.5. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory
workers increased 0.5 percent in September, seasonally adjusted. Average
weekly earnings rose 0.8 percent.
Prior to seasonal adjustment, average
hourly earnings increased 15 cents to $9.40, while average weekly earnings
were up by $3.37 to $327.12. (See table B-3.)




- 4 The Hourly Earnings Index (Establishment Survey Data)
The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 180.4 (1977-100) In September,
seasonally adjusted, an increase of 0.5 percent from August* For the 12
months ended in September, the increase was 3.3 percent. In dollars of
constant purchasing power, the HEI decreased 0.8 percent during the 12month period ended in August.
The HEI is computed so as to exclude the
effects of two types of changes unrelated to underlying wage rate
movements—fluctuations in
manufacturing overtime
and
interindustry
employment shifts.
(Beginning in 1989, the Hourly Earnings Index will no
longer be published in this release.) (See table B-4.)

The Employment Situation for October 1988 will be released on Friday,
November 4, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).




Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys,
the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the
Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The household survey provides the information on the labor
force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in
the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample
survey of about 55,800 households that is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the
employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected
from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.
The sample includes over 300,000 establishments employing
over 3& million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the
pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each
of these factors is explained below.
Coverage, definitions, and differences
between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are selected
so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population
16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is
classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
Those who hold more than one job are classified according to
the job at which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all
as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or
on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enter*
prise operated by a member of their family, whether they were
paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were
on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if
they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at




that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their
former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
counted as unemployed.
The tabor force equals the sum of the number employed and
the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilian
plus the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a special
grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The
definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive
definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive yields U-7.
The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents
the same measure with a civilian labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are
many differences between the two surveys, among which are
the following:
— The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a
larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture,
the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and
members of the resident Armed Forces;
— The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed; the establishment survey does not;
— The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; the
establishment survey is not limited by age;
— The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working at
more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be
counted separately for each appearance.

Other differences between the two surveys are described in
"Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and
Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon
request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
. undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.
For example, the labor force increases by a large number each
June, when schools close and many young people enter the job
market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may
account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in economic activity or increases in the participation
of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the
school's-out example, the large number of people entering the
labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined.
However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can
be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the
seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all
employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based.on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the
components and combining them. The second procedure
usually yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure
for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted
civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed
Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally
adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and
the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period
and again for the July-December period. The January revision
is applied to data that have been published over the previous 5
years. For the establishment survey, updated factors for
seasonal adjustment are calculated only once a year, along
with the introduction of new benchmarks which are discussed
at the end of the next section.
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys
are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the
number of people employed and the other estimates drawn
from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would
be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the
amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always suph that the
chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based
on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error




from the results of a complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will
differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from the
results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-percent
level of confidence—the confidence limits used by BLS in its
analyses—the error for the monthly change in total employment is on the order of plus or minus 358,000; for total
unemployment it is 224,000; and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do not
mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but,
rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that
the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ from
the estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the
data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or
annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the
larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the
estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error
than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among
the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of
adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for
the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly
change in the jobless rate for men is .25 percentage point; for
teenagers, it is 1.29 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are
revised. In other words, data for the month of September are
published in preliminary form in October and November and
in final form in December. To remove errors that build up
over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes can be
measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in
the classification of industries and allow for the formation of
new establishments.
Additional statistics and other Information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data
in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published, each month by
BLS. It is available for $8.50 per issue or $25,00 per year from
the U.S. Government Printing Office1, Washington, DC
20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of
the standard errors for the household survey data published in
this release. For unemployment and other labor force
categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of
its "Explanatory Notes.1* Measures of the reliability of the
data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of that publication;

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the population, including Armed Forces in the United States, by sex
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status and sex
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1987

May
1988

June
1988

July
1988

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

184,904
121,627
65.8
114,770
62.1
1,743
113,027
3,277
109,750
6,857
5.6
63,277

186,522
125,088
67.1
118,429
63.5
1,692
116,737
3,455
113,282
6,659
5.3
61,434

186,666
123,546
66.2
117,178
62.8
1,704
115,474
3,250
112,225
6,368
5.2
63,119

184,904
121,706
65.8
114,615
62.0
1,743
112.872
3,184
109,688
7,091
5.8
63.198

186,088
122,692
65.9
115,909
62.3
1,714
114.195
3,035
111,160
6,783
5.5
63,396

186,247
123,157
66.1
116,703
62.7
1,685
115.018
3,085
111,933
6,455
5.2
63,090

186,402
123,357
66.2
116,732
62.6
1,673
115,059
3,046
112,014
6,625
5.4
63,045

186,522
123,723
66.3
116,872
62.7
1,692
115,180
3.151
112,029
6,851
5.5
62,799

186.666
123,628
66.2
117,032
62.7
1,704
115,328
3,169
112,158
6,596
5.3
63,038

88,683
67,639
76.3
64,203
72.4
1,581
62,622
3,437
5.1

89,504
69,855
78.0
66.405
74.2
1,529
64,876
3,450
4.9

89,577
68,465
76.4
65,282
72.9
1,540
63,742
3,183
4.6

88,683
67,776
76.4
63,949
72.1
1,581
62,368
3,827
5.6

89,287
68,318
76.5
64,583
72.3
1,553
63,030
3,736
5.5

89,367
68,429
76.6
64,934
72.7
1,523
63,411
3,495
5.1

89,445
68,521
76.6
65,002
72.7
1,512
63,490
3,519
5.1

89,504
68,723
76.8
64,954
72.6
1,529
63,425
3,768
5.5

89,577
68,608
76.6
65,052
72.6
1,540
63,512
3,555
5.2

96,221
53,987
56.1
50,567
52.6
162
50,405
3,420
6.3

97,018
55,233
56.9
52,024
53.6
163
51,861
3,209
5.8

97,089
55,082
56.7
51,896
53.5
164
51,732
3,186
5.8

96,221
53,930
56.0
50.666
52.7
162
50,504
3,264
6.1

96,801
54,374
56.2
51,327
53.0
161
51,166
3,047
5.6

96.880
54,728
56.5
51,769
53.4
162
51,607
2,960
5.4

96,957
54,836
56.6
51,730
53.4
161
51,569
3,106
5.7

97,018
55,000
56.7
51,918
53.5
163
51,755
3,083
5.6

97,089
55,020
56.7
51,979
53.5
164
51,815
3,041
5.5

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio*
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5
Not in labor force
Men, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population3
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5
Women, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
.'
Unemployed
5
Unemployment rate

1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
1
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.




3

Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident
Armed Forces).
4

5

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1987

May
1988

June
1988

July
1988

183,161
119,884
65.5
113,027
61.7
6,857
5.7

184,830
123,396
66.8
116,737
63.2
6,659
5.4

184,962
121,842
65.9
115,474
62.4
6,368
5.2

183,161
119,963
65.5
112,872
61.6
7,091
5.9

184,374
120,978
65.6
114,195
61.9
6,783
5.6

184,562
121,472
65.8
115,018
62.3
6,455
5.3

184,729
121,684
65.9
115,059
62.3
6,625
5.4

79,740
62,157
77.9
59,373
74.5
2,433
56,941
2,783
4.5

80,669
63,396
78.6
60,594
75.1
2,438
58,156
2,803
4.4

80,751
62,942
77.9
60,402
74.8
2,325
58,077
2,540
4.0

79,740
62,085
77.9
58,967
73.9
2,345
56,622
3.118
5.0

80,402
62,662
77.9
59,590
74.1
2,181
57,409
3,072
4.9

80,526
62,667
77.8
59,797
74.3
2.208
57,588
2,870
4.6

80,608
62,769
77.9
59,954
74.4
2,247
57,706
2,815
4.5

80,669
62,925
78.0
59,834
74.2
2,311
57,523
3,090
4.9

80,751
62,881
77.9
60,024
74.3
2,236
57,788
2,857
4.5

88.785
50,182
56.5
47,349
53.3
615
46,734
2,833
5.6

89,670
50,637
56.5
48,003
53.5
650
47,354
2,633
5.2

89,735
51,172
57.0
48.556
54.1
642
47,914
2,616
5.1

88,785
49,922
56.2
47,251
53.2
600
46,651
2,671
5.4

89,382
50,441
56.4
47,960
53.7
587
47,373
2,481
4.9

89,502
50,642
56.6
48,169
53.8
616
47,553
2,473
4.9

89,588
50,775
56.7
48,199
53.8
542
47,657
2,576
5.1

89,670
50,934
56.8
48,466
54.0
586
47,881
2,468
4.8

89,735
50,912
56.7
48,452
54.0
633
47,818
2,461
4.8

14,637
7,545
51.5
6,305
43.1
229
6,076
1,240
16.4

14,491
9,363
64.6
8,140
56.2
368
7,773
1,222
13.1

14,477
7,728
53.4
6,516
45.0
282
6,234
1,212
15.7

14,637
7,956
54.4
6,654
45.5
239
6,415
1,302
16.4

14,590
7,875
54.0
6,645
45.5
267
6,378
1,230
15.6

14,534
8,163
56.2
7,051
48.5
260
6,791
1,112
13.6

14,533
8,141
56.0
6,907
47.5
257
6,650
1,234
15.2

14,491
8,172
56.4
6,879
47.5
254
6,625
1,293
15.8

14,477
8,131
56.2
6,853
47.3
301
6,552
1,278
15.7

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population....
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2.
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

184,830 ! 184,962
122,031 121,924
66.0
65.9
115,180 115,328
62.3
62.4
6,851
6.596
5.6
5.4

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population....
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio*.
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
,
Unemployment rate
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population....
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population ..
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2.
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.




2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted'

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1987

May
1988

June
1988

July
1988

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutiona! population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2 ....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

j
157,242 158,340 158,422 157,242 i 158,034 158,166 158,279 158,340 158,422
103,295 106,146 104,959 103,357 ; 104,209 [ 104,691 ; 104,603 105,007 105,043
65.7
67.0
66.3
65.7
65.9
66.2 ;
66.1
66.3
66.3
98,261 101,213 ! 100,177
98,069
99,297
99,932 \ 99,725
99,901 100,019
63.1
63.1
63.9
63.2
62.4
62.8
63.2
63.0
62.5 j
5,106
5,024
4,933
4,782 ! 5,288
4,913 ; 4,759 ; 4,878
] 5,033
4.9
4.8
4.6
4.6
5.1
4.7 ;
4.5
4.7
4.9

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

54,236
78.3
52,133
75.2
2,103
3.9

55,233
78.9
53,094
75.9
2,139
3.9

54,872
54,213
78.4 !
78.2
52,910
51,803
75.6
74.7
2,410
1.962
4.4
3.6

54,618
78.3
52,314
75.0
2,304
4.2

54,662 j 54,732
78.2 |
78.3
52,491
52,603
75.1
75.2
2,171
2,129
4.0
3.9

54,825 j 54,850
78.4 j
78.3
52,464 ; 52.594
75.1
75.0
2,361
2,255
4.1
4.3

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

42,556
56.0
40,557
53.4
1,999
4.7

42,884
56.0
40,985
53.5
1,899
4.4

43,397
56.7
41,495
54.2
1,902
4.4

42,308
55.7
40,409
53.2
1,899
4.5

42,827
56.1
41.104
53.8
1,723
4.0

42,921
56.2
41.183
53.9
1,738
4.0

42,887
56.1
41,040
53.7
1,847
4.3

43,177
56.4
41,399
54.1
1,778
4.1

43,170
56.4
41,371
54.0
1,799
4.2

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

6,502
54.4
5,571
46.6
931
14.3
14.5
14.2

8,028
67.8
7,134
60.3
894
11.1
11.2
11.1

6,690
56.7
5,772
48.9
918
13.7
14.2
13.2

6,836
57.2
5,857
49.0
979
14.3
15.1
13.4

6,764
57.0
5,879
49.5
685
13.1
13.8
12.4

7,108
59.9
6,258
52.7
850
12.0
12.8
11.1

6,963
58.9
6,081
51.3
902
12.9
14.6
11.1

7,005
59.2
6,038
51.0
967
13.8
13.8
13.8

7,023
59.5
6,054
51.3
969
13.8
15.0
12.5

20.426
13,018
63.7
11,398
55.8
1,619
12.4

20,736
13,481
65.0
11,962
57.7
1,519
11.3

20,762
13,178
63.5
11,764
56.7
1,414
10.7

20,426
13,028
63.8
11,421
55.9
1,607
12.3

20,650
13,069
63.3
11.452
55.5
1.617
12.4

20,683
12.989
62.8
11,489
55.5
1,500
11.5

20,715
13,293
64.2
11,774
56.8
1,519
11.4

20,736
13,262
64.0
11,764
56.7
1,498
11.3

20,762
13,191
63.5
11,771
56.7
1,419
10.8

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,039
74.6
5.463
67.5
576
9.5

6,212
75.4
5,644
68.5
568
9.1

6.126
74.3
5,620
68.1
506
8.3

6,032
74.5
5,421
67.0
611
10.1

6,107
74.5
5,449
66.5
658
10.8

6,064
73.8
5,458
66.5
606
10.0

6,070
73.8
5,492
66.8
578
9.5

6,154
74.7
5,566
67.6
588
9.6

6,123
74.2
5,581
- 67.7
542
8.6

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
*..
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,116
60.2
5,345
52.6
771
12.6

6,166
59.8
5,516
53.5
650
10.5

6.192
59.9
5.558
53.8
633
10.2

6,067
59.7
5,357
52.7
710
11.7

6,059
59.0
5,414
52.7
645
10.6

6,074
59.0
5,421
52.7
652
10.7

6.307
61.2
5.650
54.8
657
10.4

6,182
59.9
5,572
54.0
610
9.9

6,147
59.5
5,564
53.8
583
9.5

863
39.8
591
27.2
272
31.5
32.9
30.2

1,103
50.5
802
36.7
302
27.3
26.5
28.3

861
39.5
585
26.8
275
32.0
32.5
31.5

929
42.8
643
29.6
286
30.8
31.5
30.0

903
41.4
589
27.0
314
34.8
33.3
36.6

852
39.0
610
28.0
242
28.4
30.4
25.9

917
42.0
632
26.9
285
31.1
30.4
31.8

926
42.4
626
28.7
300
32.4
32.2
32.7

921
42.2
627
28.7
294
31.9
31.7
32.2

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population..
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2 .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men.
Women
See footnotes at end of table.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by ract, sex, agt, and Hlapanlc origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjuated1

Not seasonally adjuated
Employment etatue, race, eex, age, and
Hlapanlc origin

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1987

May
1988

June
1986

July
1988

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

12,965
8,595
66.3
7,924
61.1
672

13,381
9,091

13,419
9,086

12,965
8,581

13,268

13,381
8,935

13,419
9,063

7.8

8.1

13,344
8,934
67.3
8,264
61.9
720
8.0

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

67.9
8,357
62.5
733

1

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional

67.7

66.2

6,859
66.8

8,444

7,877

6,058

62.9
642

60.8
704

60.7
801

13,306
9,027
67.8
8,219
61.8
809

7.1

8.2

9.0

9.0

66.8

67.5

8,185
61.2
750
8.4

8,394

. 62.6
669
7.4

population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanlcs are included in both the white and black population groups.

Table A-4. Selected employment Indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjuated
Category

Seasonally adjuated

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1987

May
1988

June
1988

July
1988

113,027

116,737
40,748
28,284

115,474
40,815

112.872
40,404

29,031

28,069

6,188

6,151

5,957

115,018
40,485
28,713
6,085

115,059
40,535

6,225

114,195
40,267
28,567

1,758
1,490
207

1,626

1,624
1,415
139

1,526
1.346
159

1,562

1,500
123

101,282

297

101,927
16,887
85,040
1.156
83,884
8,917
307

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

CHARACTERISTIC
Civilian employed, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

40,693
28,324
6,084

28,654

115,180 115,328
40,505 40,531
28.832
6,282

28,601

1,539
1.348
148

1.580
163

1,593
1,438
134

103,000
17,064
85.935
1.150
84,786
8,577
301

103,133
16,959
86,174
1.123
85,051

103,097
17,112
85,984
1.108
84,877
8,491
243

103,415
17.103
86,312
1,085
85,227
8.575
228

4,844
2,227
2,315
14,790

5,317
2,364
2,637
14,507

5,382
2,490
2,581
15,070

5,181
2,318
2,491
15,021

2,190
2,356
15,314

4,623
2,120
2,236

5,076
' 2,199
2,566
14,083

5,185
2,351
2,545
14,669

6,145

6,251

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers....
Self-employed workers ..;
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,670
1,477
130
101,229
16,664
84,365
1,088
83,277
8,217
303

104,334 103,400
16,462
17,035
87,872
86,365
. 1,202
1,077

86,670

85,268

8,695
252

8,592
232

16,926
84,354
1,100
83,254
8,204

1.359
167

8,526
255

1,416

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons ....
Slack work . v
Could only find part-time work ....
Voluntary part time

4,937
2,070
2,497

5,559
2,274
2,837

4,704
2,041
2,191

14,485

11,957

15,375

5,261
2,213
2,683
14,415

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

4,650
1,899
2.405
14,041

5,291
2,117
2,742

4.458
1,885
2,113
14,906

4,986
2,034
2,603
13,987

1

Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey
period for such reasons, as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.




11,537

14,338

4,959
2,178
2,429
14,585

5,053

4,814
2,031
2,284
14,861

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Quarterly averages
Measure

1987

Monthly data
1988

1988

JV-

_July_

Aug.

Sept.

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the
1.5

1.6

civilian labor force

2.8

U-2 Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force
U-3 Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the
civilian labor force
U-4 Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the
full-time civilian labor force

2.7

4.6

4.5

5.6

5.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.3

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.5

4.4

4.2

4.3

4.2

4,4

4.2

5.4

5.1

5.1

5.0

5.3

5.1

U-5a Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force,
including the resident Armed Forces

5.9

5.8

5.6

5.4

5.4

5.4

5.5

5.3

U-5b Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force

6.0

5.9

5.7

5.5

5.5

5.4

5.6

5.4

,

8.2

8.1

8.0

7.6

7.6

7.6

7.8

7.5

U-7 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers
plus 1 12 total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged
workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers less 1/2 of the part-time labor force

9.0

8.8

8.8

6.3

8.4

NA

N.A.

N.A.

U-6 Total full-time jobseekers plus 112 part-time jobseekers plus
112 total on part time for economic reasons as a percent of
the civilian labor force less 1/2 of the part-time labor force

N.A. = not available.

Table A-6. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(In thousands)

Unemployment rates1

Category
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1987

May
1988

June
1988

July
1986

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

CHARACTERISTIC
7,091
3,827
3,118
3,264
2,671
1,302

6,851
3,768
3,090
3,083
2,468
1,293

6,596
3,555
2,857
3,041
2,461
1,278

5.9
5.8
5.0
6.1
5.4
16.4

5.6
5.6
4.9
5.6
4.9
15.6

5.3
5.2
4.6
5.4
4.9
13.6

5.4
5.3
4.5
5.7
5.1
15.2

5.6
5.6
4.9
5.6
4.8
15.6

5.4
5.3
4.5
5.5
4.8
15.7

1,541
1,227

597

1,436
1,228
502

1,303
1,135
552

3.7
4.2
8.8

3.3
3.9
8.4

3.1
3.7
7.8

3.0
4.1
8.6

3.4
4.1
7.4

3.1
3.8
8.1

..'..

5,636
1,448

5,517
1,321

5,268
1,340

5.5
8.4
6.8

5.2
7.7
6.4

4.9
7.8
6.3

5.0
8.1
6.4

5.3
7.4
6.5

5.1
7.5
6.4

Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
. Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries...
Transportation and public utitities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
"Agricultural wage and salary workers

5,281
2,035

5,144
1,967
52
689

4,965

5.9
7.0
7.4
11.9
5.6
5.4
5.9
5.3
4.1
6.4
4.8
3.4
8.6

5.7
6.6

5.4
6.0
67
10.2
4.8
4.4
5.'4
5.1
4.1
5.9
4.6
2.8
9.7

5.4
6.3
5.3
10.2
5.2
5.0
5.6
5.0
3.5
6.2
4.5
3.1
10.8

5.6
6.8
6.8
11.0
5.6
5.0
6.4
5.1
3.8
6.5
4.4
3.1
11.4

5.4
6.5
8.6
9.2
5.6
5.5
5.9
4.9
3.7
6.1
4.3
2.7
11.3

Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
;
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost2
INDUSTRY

63
745
1,227
705
522
3,246
254
1,462
1,530
598
152

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for




1,227
653
573

3,176
239
1,508
1,429
550
203

1,888

68
585
1.235
709
527
3,077
230

1,430
1,418
471
204

10.4
10.5
5.4

4.9
6.0
5.2
4.4
6.3
4.6
2.9

13.9

economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Weeks of unemployment
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1987

May
1988

June
1988

July
1988

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over
Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

3,391
1,764
1,701
744
957

3,095
2,094
1,470
669
800

3,308
1,632
1,428
644
784

3,220
1,949
1,904
917
987

3,075
2,110
1,609
784
825

3,066
1,890
1,512
727
785

2,965
2,078
1,629
838
791

3,197
1,957
1,676
859
817

3,139
1,823
1,596
789
807

13.9
5.1

13.5
5.9

13.3
4.8

14.2
5.8

13.8
5.9

12.9
6.0

13.6
6.3

13.7
5.9

13.7
5.5

100.0
49.5
25.7
24.8
10.9
14.0

100.0
46.5
31.4
22.1
10.1
12.0

100.0
51.9
25.6
22.4
10.1
12.3

100.0
45.5
27.6
26.9
13.0
14.0

100.0
45.3
31.1
23.7
11.5
12.1

100.0
47.4
29.2
23.4
11.2
12.1

100.0
44.4
31.1
24.4
12.6
11.9

100.0
46.8
28.7
24.5
12.6
12.0

100.0
47.9
27.8
24.3
12.0
12.3

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

Table A-8. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Reasons
Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1987

May
1988

June
1988

July
1988

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

~

2,942
643
2,299
1,086
1,975
854

2,887
739
2,148
1,062
1,668
822

2,732
636
2,096
1,099
1,821
717

3,313
820
2,493
981
1,908
882

3,236
793
2,443
926
1,789
807

3,059
863
2,196
944
1,723
777

3,087
852
2,235
904
1,901
776

3,138
891
2,247
997
1,869
793

3,087
816
2,271
994
1,761
745

100.0
42.9
9.4
33.5
15.8
28.8
12.5,

100.0
43.4
11.1
32.3
15.9
28.4
12.3

100.0
42.9
10.0
32.9
17.3
28.6
11.3

100.0
46.8
11.6
35.2
13.8
26.9
12.5

100.0
47.9
11.7
36.2
13.7
26.5
11.9

100.0
47.0
13.3
33.8
14.5
26.5
11.9

100.0
46.3
12.8
33.5
13.6
28.5
11.6

100.0
46.2
13.1
33.1
14.7
27.5
11.7

100.0
46.9
12.4
34.5
15.1
26.7
11.3

2.4
.9
1.6
.7

2.3
.9
1.5
.7

2.2
.9
1.5
.6

2.8
.8
1.6
.7

2.7
.8
1.5
.7

2.5
.8
1.4
.6

2.5
.7
1.6
.6

2.6
.8
1.5
.6

2.5
.8
1.4
.6

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
* Reentrants
New entrants

«
•••

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
1
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Sex and age
Sept.
1987
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1987

May
1988

June
1988

July
1988

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

7,091
2,692
1,302
618
701
1.390
4,445
3,931
499

6,851
2,513
1,293
607
671
1,220
4,358
3,871
476

6,596
2,460
1,278
682
612
1,182
4,181
3,728
437

5.9
11.8
16.4
18.3
15.2
9.4
4.6
4.8
3.3

5.6
11.3
16.6
16.1
15.3
8.9
4.3
4.5
3.5

5.3
10.3
13.6
15.4
12.9
8.4
4.1
4.4
2.9

5.4
10.9
15.2
17.5
13.0
8.5
4.2
4.4
3.1

5.6
11.1
15.8
18.7
13.9
8.4
4.4
4.6
3.2

5.4
10.9
15.7
20.5
12.7
8.2
4.2
4.4
2.9

Men, 16 years and over.
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

3,827
1,435
709
341
382
726
2,427
2,139
283

3,768
1,359
678
297
371
681
2.426
2,118
301

3,555
1,338
698
388
325
640
2,253
1,997
248

5.8
12.1
17.3
19.7
15.9
9.3
4.5
4.7
3.2

5.6
11.6
16.2
167
15.8
9.1
4.3
4.4
3.7

5.2
10.5
14.7
17.0
14.2
8.2
4.1
4.2
3.2

5.3
11.3
16.6
17.9
14.7
8.4
3.9
4.1
3.1

5.6
11.5
15.9
17.6
14.7
9.0
4.4
4.5
3.4

5.3
11.4
16.7
21.7
13.4
8.5
4.1
4.3
2.8

Women, 16 years and over.
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
:
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

3,264
1,257
593
277
319
664
2,018
1,792
216

3,083
1,154
615
310
300
539
1,933
1,753
175

3,041
1,122
580
294
287
542
1,928
1,731
189

6.1
11.5
15.4
16.9
14.4
9,4
4.7
4.9
3.5

5.6 ,
11.0
15.0
15.5
14.7
8.8
4.3
4.5
3.2

5.4
10.0
12.4
13.7

5.7
10.5
13.6
17.0
11.2
8.7
4.5
4.7
3.0

5.6
10.7
15.8
19.8
12.9
7.8
4.4
4.6
2.8

5.5
10.4
14.7
19.0
12.0
7.9
4.4
4.6
3.0

1

11.6

•

8.7
4.2
4.6
2.6

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.

Table A-10. Employment status of black and other workers
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population....
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2.
. Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

Sept
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1987

May
1988

June
1988

July
1988

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

25,919
16,589

26,490

26,540
16,884
63.6
15,297

25,919
16,594
64.0
14,778
57.0
1,816

26,340
16,698
63.4

26,396
16.735
63.4

26,451

26,490

26,540

17,021

16,892

14,818
56.3
1.879
11.3

15,017
56.9
1,718

15,319

16,993
64.1
15,299
57.8

10.3

9,642

9.661

10.0
9,430

64.0
14,766
57.0
1.824
11.0

9,330

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.




17,250
65.1
15,524
58.6
1,726

10.0
9,240

57.6
1,586
9.4
9,656

10.9
9,325

64.4
57.9
1,701

1,694
10.0
9,497

63.6
15,301
57.7
1,592

9.4
9,648

2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Occupational status of the employed and unemployed, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

Unemployed

Civilian employed
Occupation

Unemployment rate
Sept.
1987

Sept.
1988

6,368

5.7

5.2

689
374
315

624
322
302

2.4
2.7
2.1

2.1
2.2
1.9

35,509
3,676
13,575
18,259

1,622
112
670
840

1,573
92
658
822

4.4
3.1
4.7
4.4

4.2
2.5
4.6
4.3

14,754
816
1,856
12,082

15,223
851
1,971
12,400

1,197
44
102
1,051

1,056
53
66
936

7.5
5.1
5.2
8.0

6.5
5.9
3.3
7.0

Precision production, craft, and repair
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

13,714
4,541
5,047
4,126

13,514
4,281
5,145
4,088

742
162
393
187

603
140
288
175

5.1
3.4
7.2
4.3

4.3
3.2
5.3
4.1

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers

17,796
8,163
4,785
4,847
829
4,018

18,106
8,156
5,056
4,893
899
3,994

1,502
657
277
568
151
418

1,513
715
224
573
145
429

7.8
7.4
5.5
10.5
15.4
9.4

7.7
8.1
4.2
10.5
13.9
9.7

3,577

3,586

219

258

5.8

6.7

Se.pt.
1987

Sept.
1988

113,027

115,474

6,857

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

28,107
13,692
14,415

29,537
14,302
15,235

Technical, sales, and administrative support
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
Administrative support, including clerical

35,080
3,432
13,470
18,177

Service occupations
Private household
Protective service
Service, except private household and protective

Total, 16 years and over1

Farming, forestry, and fishing

Sept.
1987

Sept.
1988

1
Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job was
in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

Table A-12. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force

Veteran status
and age

Civilian
noninstitutlonal
population

Unemployed
Total

Employed
Number

Sept.
1997

Sept.
1988

Sept
1987

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1987

Sept.

Sept.
1987

Sept.
1988

Percent of
labor force
Sept.
Sept.
1988
-1987

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40* to 44 years
45 years and over

,

7,850
6,156
875
2,515
2,766
1,694

7,890
5,826
633
2,070
3,123
2,064

7,227
5,842
826
2,385
2,631
1,385

7,261
5,540
592
1,965
2,983
1,721

6,923
5,581
759
2,283
2,539
1,342

7,008
5,344
554
1,894
2,896
1,664

304
261
67
102
92
43

253
196
38
71
87
57

4.2
4,5
8.1
4.3
3.5
3.1

3.5
3.5
6.4
3.6
2.9
3.3

19,666
8,935
6,304
4,427

20,631
9,175
6,928
4,528

18,693
8,515
6,020
4,158

19,645
8,779
6,593
4,273

17,977
8,178
5,796
4,003

18,958
8,439
6,405
4,114

716
337
224
155

687
340
168
159

3.8
4.0
3.7
3.7

3.5
3.9
2.9
3.7

NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are men
who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to




those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to
the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted 2

Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Sept.
1987

May.
1968

June
1988

July
1988

Aug.
1988

Sept
1988

20,639
13,790
13,026
764
5.5

21,043
14,256
13,462
794
5.6

21,078
14,116
13,409
707
5.0

20,639
13,815
13,027
788
5.7

20,931
14,142
13.251
• 891
6.3

20,972
14,105
13,315
790
5.6

21,012
14,131
13,374
757
5.4

21,043
14,159
13,373
786
5.6

21.078
14,142
13,411
731
5.2

9,485
5,905
5,594
311
5.3

9,711
6,235
5,921
314
5.0

9,731
6,119
5,810
310
5.1

9,485
5,901
5,600
301
5.1

9,648
6,086
5,780
306
5.0

9,671
6,115
5,831
284
4.6

9,693
6,102
5,837
265
4.3

9,711
6,162
5,862
300
4.9

9,731
6,121
5,820
301
4.9

8/750
5,846
5,488
358
6.1

8,787
5,962
5,559
402
6.7

8,790
5,818
5,506
313
5.4

8,750
5,833
5,441
392
6.7

8,776
5,733
5,352
381
6.6

8,781
5,709
5,332
377
6.6

8,786
5,760
5,394
366
6.4

8,787
5,887
5,472
415
7.0

8,790
5,797
5.450
347
6.0

4,592
3,065
2,981
85
2.8

4,604
3,186
3,088
99
3.1

4,605
3,130
3,036
94
3.0

4,592
3,074
2.992
82
2.7

4,600
3,124
3,036
88
2.8

4,603
3,188
3,076
112
3.5

4,604
3,137
3,020
117
3.7

4,604
3,119
3,015
104
3.3

4,605
3,144
3,051
93
3.0

6,946
4,580
4,246
334
7.3

7,002
4,662
4,337
325
7.0

7,007
4,588
4,283
305
6.6

6,946
4,569
4,208
361
7.9

6,986
4,498
4,205
293
6.5

6,993
4,553
4,253
300
6.6

6,999
4,587
4,251
336
7.3

7,002
4,566
4,229
337
7.4

7,007
4,572
4,238
334
7.3

6,011
3,895
3,742
153
3.9

6,044
4,029
3,886
143
3.6

6,047
3,943
3.809
134
3.4

6,011
3,933
3,762
171
4.3

6,034
3,922
3,776
146
37

6,039
3,955
3,810
145
3.7

6.042
3,969
3,825
144
3.6

6,044
3,983
3,828
155.
3.9

6,047
3,979
3,829
150
3.8

13,763
8,382
8,014
368
4.4

13,774
8,742
8,375
367
4.2

13.773
8,494
8.141
353
4.2

13,763
8,421
8,037
384
4.6

13,770
8,429
8,071
358
4.2

13,774
8,516
8,220
296
3.5

13,777
8,537
8,171
366
4.3

13,774
8,589
8,206
383
4.5

13,773
8,517
. 8,149
368
4.3

4,827
3,285
3,169
116
3.5

4,894
3,388
3,287
101
3.0

4,900
3,329
3,226
103
3.1

4,827
3,292
3,157
135
4.1

4,875
3,297
3,163
114
3.5

4,883
3,318
3,213
105
3.2

4,889
3,332
3,235
97
2.9

4,894
3,339
3,236
103
3.1

4,900
3,332
3,209
123
3.7

8,167
5,190
4,903
288
5.5

8,205
5,343
5,044
299
5.6

6,208
5,251
4,952
300
5.7

8.167
5,181
4,891
290
5.6

8,194
5,248
4,922
326
6.2

8.199
5,271
4,959
312
5.9

8,203
5,252
4,973
279
5.3

8,205
5,298
5,000
298
5.6

8,208
5,251
4,947
304
5.8

California
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
t
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
*
Unemployment rate
New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York*
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

»•

North Carolina
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
•
Unemployment rate

'..
••
".

Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population
CiviliAn labor force

Employed
Unemployed
:
Unemployment rate
See footnotes at end of table.




,

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted2

Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

Sept.
1987

Aug.
1988

Sept
1988

, Sept.
1987

May.
1988

June
1988

Juty
1988

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

9,325

9,327

9,299

5,928

5.845

5,680

5,549
296
5.1

5,683
5,365

9,317
5,661.
5,375

9,322
5,702
5,410

318

286

5.6

5.1

292
5.1

12,036
8,254
7,559

12,061
8,372
7,770
602
7.2

9,299
5,715
5,418

297
5.2

249
4.2

12,036

12,072

8,273

8,469

7,569
704

7,901
568

7,793
594

8.5

6J

7.1

9,325
5,735
5,433
302
5.3

9,325
5,786
5,526
260
4.5

9,327
5,815
5,500

12,072
8,277
7,757
520

12,072
8,381

12,075
8,354

7,814
567

7,768

6.3

6.8

315
5.4

Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population ...
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the
administration of Federal fund allocation programs.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,




12,075
8,388

695
8.4

12,067
8,518

7,926
592
6.9

586
7.0

identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted
columns.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Persons not in the labor force by reason, sex, and race, quarterly averages
(In thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally
adjusted
Reason, sex, and race
1987

1988

1988

1987.
IV

TOTAL

62,963

62,899

62,825

56,816
3,774
4,447
25,380
17,044
6,171

57,490
6,388
4,426
25,646
16,317
4,713

57,408
6,414
4,467
25,513
16,508
4,507

57,414
6.325
4,254
25,289
16,862
4,684

5,449
882
834
1,388
1,025
651
374
1,320

4,982
808
791
1,237
952
600
351
1,194

5,802
1,556
847
1,274
992
635
357
1,132

5,462
1,389
634
1,234
910
581
329
1,094

19,946

61,815

Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
,
Current activity: Going to school ,
III, disabled
Keeping house
Retired
Other activity

56,366
3,521
4,423
25,588
16,550
6.285

Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance .
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job ...
Job-market factors1
Personal factors2
Other

61,798

63,131

62,960

57,589
6,352
4,464
C 25,330
16,784
4,659

58,423
7,133
4,434
25,457
16,776
4,622

5,510
1,310
850
1,182
1,027
700
327
1,141

5,313
1,276
844
1,215
910
589
321
1,068

5,313
1,426
804
1,140
930
590
340
1,013

c

Men
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now ...

20,000

20,811

20,845

20,856

20,896

20,892

18,196

18,311

18,945

18,878

18,997

18,854

19,180

1,750
407
404
433
506

1,689
379
376
448
487

2,064
773
416
431

1,918
737
414
358
409

1,971
633
406
462
471

1,872
674
370
403
425

1,946
693
386
443
424

41,869

41,798

42,152

42,055

41,970

42,235

42,070

38,170

38,505

38,545

38,530

38,417

38,735

39,243

3,699
475
430
1,388
592
815

3,293
429
415
1,237
504
708

3,738
784
431
1,274
561
688

3,545
653
421
1,234
552
685

3,539
677
444
1,182
566
670

3,440
602
474
1,215
507
643

3,367
733
418
1.140
487
590

52,841

52,518

53,771

53,679

53,455

53,557

53,463

48,741

48,975

49,536

49,564

49,536

49,640

49,751

4,099
607
638
1,061
664
1,129

3,545
517
552
902
583
991

4,252
1,062
648
948
643
951

4,045
986
646
909
620
884

4,020
945
644
837
697
897

3,883
905
637
858
593
891

3,673
904
559
810
576
823

7,105

7.284

7,326

7,294

7,406

7,606

7,488

5,992

6,134

6,088

6.083

6.094

6,372

6,215

1,113
198
160
281
318
156

1,150
197
222
265
317
149

1,237
333
168
275
315
145

1,210
341
165
304
237
163

1,320
351
195
310
266
198

1,242
312
186
318
262
164

1,289
337
238
264
313
137

Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance .
Ill health, disability
Think cannot get a job ...
Other reasons3
Women
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now ....
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance
Ill hearth, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons

c

White
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance
Ill health, disability
Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons3

....„.*

Black
Total not in labor force
Do not want a job now
Want a job now
Reason not looking: School attendance
Ill health, disability

Home responsibilities
Think cannot get a job
Other reasons3

.*

.;...,

1
Job-market factors include "could not find job" and "thinks no job
available."
2
Personal factors include "employers think too young or old," "lacks




education or training." and "other personal handicap."
3
Includes small number of men not looking for work because of "home
responsibilities."

C=corrected.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-l. Employes on nonagriculturel payrolls by industry
CIn thousands)

5a»«onally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

S«pt.
1967

Goods_producing industries.
Mining
Oil and gas extraction.
Construction
General building contractors.
Manufacturing
Production workers.
Durable goods
Production workers.
lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

Sapt.
1988e/

•

89,911

85,851

88,139

88,678

88 941 89, 035 89,177

26,114

24,902

25,466

25,592

25 663 25, 646

25,637

740
416.6

744
423.2

744
422.5

736
416.8

734
417

737
422

730
417

5,639 5,698 5,645
5,290
1,382.8 1,475.4 1,485.2 1,460.6

5,012
1,328

19,327
13,240
11,555
7,563
764
527
592
762
276
1,422
2,036,
2,091
2,061.
868,
696.
379,

19,504
13,266

19,661
13,421

19,733
15,508

598.9
778.4
282.9
1,447.7
2,141.9

599.6
781.9
280.7

1,455.1
2,145.8
2,129.2
2,008.3
827.0
720.4
387.7

598.7
789.7
280
,468.0
,160.6
,130.6
,050.7

868.1
720.2
389.5

8,114
5,738
1,708. 1,669.9 1,721.8 1,712.1
57.
49.0
51.9
54.8
714.0
735.
722.8
724.2
1,111. 1 1 , 0 6 2 . 0 1 1 , 0 9 2 . 1 1,095.3
6&4. I 692.6) 694.4
692.4
1,513.111,564.111,567
1,570.4
1 , 0 3 4 . 3 1 1 , 0 7 2 . 9 1 1 , 0 7 7 . 4 1,072.8
169.0
167.61
170.51 1 7 0 . 4
832.5
870.1
874.11 876.1
146.8
140.1
147.91 147.2
80,182

19,357
2,484.1
3,109.2
2,113.2
6,540.5
6,777
3,335
2,087
1,357

6,600
3,287
2,028
1,285

8,120
5,741

80,150
5,607
3,332
2,275
6,228
3.714
2,514

80,983

19,409
2,482.8
3,117.5
2,118.3
6,574.4

19,405
2,494.2
3,124.6
2,109.8
6,556.2

6,770
3,324
2,086
1,360

6,707
3,296
2,077
1,334

5,672
3,412
2,260
6,240
3,716
2,524

24,490 25,791 25,786 25.773
5,278.4 5,538.6 5,558.4 5,565.0
6,896.5 7,274.5 7,295.0 7,328.2

16,731
2,941
3,894
9,896

5,237
1,394
19,490
13,302

740
425

740
424

5,508
1,412

5 330
.400

19,544
13,341

19,593
13,382

5,351
5, 335
1,404
1,404
19,574! 19,556
13,366 13,340

11,541 11,619 11,269 11,477 11,515 11,566 11,554 11,548
7,680 7,770 7,499 7,649 7,676 7,720 7,712 7.703
775.8 778.0 772.1
757
744
757
756
751
7531
526.6 534.8 538.6
537
537
526
541
5361
536

2,111.6
2,025.7
839.9
714.6
377.5
8,005
7,992
5,6771 5,632

77,931

19,156
13,075

. 739
425

11,499
7,636

18,701
2,415.7
2,964.1
2,029.2
6,318.0




Aug.
1988£'

26,103

6,209
3,699
2,510

* preliminary.

July
1988

89,903

5,934
3,480
2,454

P

Juna
1988

25,887

Wholesale trade
Durable goods.'
Nondurable goods

Government
Federal
State
Local

May
1988

89.619

5,598
3,325
2,273

Services
Business services
Health services

Sapt.
1987

25,357

5,474
3,247
2,227

Finance, insurance, and real estate.
Finance
Insurance
Real estate

Sapt.
1M«

86,556

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
Communication and public utilities

Retail trade
General merchandise stores
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations.
Eating and drinking places

Aug.

im

103,288 106,069 106,253 107,097 102,906 105,489 106,057 106 271 106, 440 106,695

Total
Total privata

Nondurable goods. •>•
Production workers
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
t
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing industries.

July
1988

16,450
2,992
3,840
9,618

16,350
2,980
3,848
9,522

17,186
2,950
4,036
10,200

580
761
276
1,412
2,039
2,085
2,052
860
696
574

585
776
281
1,448
2,121
2,115
2,048
851
709
381

587
781
281
1,457
2,134
2,120
2,047
850
713
382

7,887
5,576

8,013
5,653

8,029
5,665

1,627
1,645
1,643
53
53
52
730
727
728
1,104
1,097
1,100
682
691
689
1,518
1,565
1,559
1,032
1,065
1,060
166
167
166
873
870
830
146
146
145
78,004 30,023 80,465

589
789
282

1,464
2,151
2,122
2,052
857
715
387

5871
7851
280!
1,4571
2,1571
2,1291
2,0451
8561
720
385

586
787
279
1.458
2,163
2,124
2,040
860
720
383

8,027
5,662

8,020
5,654

8.008
5,637

1,631
1%

1,634
51
719
1,091
692
1,572
1,071
167
878
145

1,631
51
719
1,087
690
1,575"
1,070
167
873
145

1,096
692
1,567
1,067

167

882
147

80,794

81,058

5,602
5,345
2,257

5,625
3,565
2,260

6,174
3,681
2,493

6,195
3,696
2,497

6,218
3,712
2,506

19,205
2,549
3,080
2,076
6,352

19,261
2,545
3,097
2,088
6,369

19,274
2,536
3,108
2,093
6,377

19.308
2,537
3,118
2,095
6,384

6,656
3,299
2,067
1,290

6,679
3,304
2,074
1,301

6,684
3,300
2,077
1,307

6,688
5,298
2,080
1,310

6,693
3,299
2,081
1,313

24,415
5,233
6,894

25,216

25,472
5,480
7,203

25,632

17,055
2,962
3,973

17,350
2,957
4,050

10,120

10,343

25,561
5,500
7,238
17,330
2,951
4,059
10,320

5,427
3,201
2,226

5,556
3,308
2,248

5,914
3,478
2,436

6,115
3,635
2,480

5,582
3,332
2,250
6,148
3,660
2,468

18,605
2,457
2,958

19,130
2,541
3,053
2,070
6,336

2,015
6,152
6,588

3,292
2,032

1,264

5,443
7,153

17,379
2,951
4,049
10,379

80,608

5,598
3,345
2,253

5,498
7,266

7,328

17,405
2,956
4,076

17,518
2,971
4,118

10,373 10,429

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsuparvisory workersi/ on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry

Not seasonally adjusted

Sitasonally adjusted

Industry
Sept.
1987

Furniture and "fixtures
Blast furnaces and basic steel products..
Fabricated natal products

Nondurable goods

Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Printino and Dublishina . • . •

. .........

July
1988

Aug.
1988c/

Sept.
1988p/

Sept.
1987

Hay
1988

June
1988

July
1988

Aug.
1988 £ /

Sept.
19£3 £ /
34.7

34.7

35.1

35.0

'34.8

34.6

34.7

34.7

34.9

34.6

42.3

42.3

42.0

42.5

C2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

<*,

(2)

36.5

38.5

38.6

38.4

C2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

40.8

40.7

40.9

41.4

40.6

41.0

41.1

41.1

41.0

41.2

41.1

41.2

41.4

42.0

41.0

•41.8

41.8

41.8

41.7

42.0

39.9
40.0
42.5
43.2
44.7
41.0
41.7
40.4
41.1
41.1
41.0
39.1

40.3
38.9
42.4
43.0
44.0
41.0
42.3
40.4
41.7
41.6
41.1
38.5

40.4
39.3
42.6
43.2
43.7
41.5
42.0
40.6
41.9
42.3
41.1
38.9

40.3
40.0
42.8
43.8
44.5
42.2
40.9
43.4
44.7
41.3
39.1

39.6
39.5
42.0
43.2
44.6
40.9
41.7
40.4
41.4
41.5
41.0
38.9

40.1
39.5
42.3
43.6
43.9
41.9
42.6
41.0
43.0
44.0
41.4
39.2

40.2
39.4
42.4
43.6
44.3
42.0
42.5
41.1
43.0
44.2
41.3
39.3

40.5
39.7
42.1
43.4
44.0
41.7
43.0
41.0
42.6
42.5
41.8
39.2

40.1
39.0
42.2
43.6
44.1
41.8
42.4
40.8
42.8
43.6
41.4
39.1

40.0
39.5
42.3
43.8
44.4
42.2
42.7
40.9
45.8
45.2
41.3
39.0

40.3

39.9

40.2

40.5

40.1

40.0

40.1

40.2

40.1

40.2

40.8
40.1
41.7
36.3
44.1
38.5
42.7
44.0
41.3
37.8

40.4
39.2
40.4
36.6
42.9
37.8
42.0
45.3
41.0
37.3

40.9
39.1
41.1
37.0
42.9
38.2
41.9
44.4
41.3
37.6

41.2
40.4
41.3
37.1
43.6
38.5
42.5
44.6
41.5
37.3

40.2

40.5

40.5

40.6

40.1

40.3

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

41.4
36.4
43.7
38.1
42.5

40.8
36.8
43.3
37.7
42.0

40.7
36.9
43.2
38.0
42.4

41.1
36.9
43.2
38.0
42.3

40.9
36.9
43.2
38.0
42.2

41.0
37.2
43.2
38.1
42.3

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

41.3
37.8

41.7
37.3

41.6
36.9

41.6
37.0

41.5
37,5

41.5
37.3

39.2

39.8

39.7

39.4

39.1

39.4

39.3

39.5

39.3

39.3

Hholesale trad*....'

38.0

38.3

38.0

38.1

38.0

38.0

37.9

38.2

37.8

38.1

Retail trade

29.5

30.0

29.8

29.0

29.5

29.0

29.1

29.3

29.0

28.9

36.0

36.2

35.6

35.7

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

32.4

33.0

32.8

32.5

32.5

32.5

32.5

32.7

32.4

32.6

1/

Data relate to production workers in mining and
Manufacturing; construction workers in construction;
and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and
public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance;
insurance* and real estate; and services. These groups
account for approximatly four-fifths of the total
aaployees on private nonagricultural payrolls.




2/ These series are not published seasonally
adjusted since the seasonal component is saall
relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficent precision.
P • preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Industry
July
1988

Sept.
1987
Total private

Sept.
198S E /

$314.04 $324.68 $323.75 $327.12
312.09 325.27 322.47 325.14

12.66

12.63

12.79

528.75

535.52

530.46

12.91

12.95

13.12

466.841 497.04

499.87

503.81

9.99

10.16

10.12

10.27

407.591 413.51

413.91

425.18

10.49
8.46
7.74
10.37
12.19
14.12
10.00
10.74
9.94
13.04
13.64
9.76
7.78

10.67
8.65
7.97
10.54
12.22
14.09
10.18
10.94
10.13
13.23
13.86
9.93
7.94

10.65
8.61
8.00
10.45
12.13
14.02
10.20
10.93
10.15
13.27
13.92
9.92
7.94

10.80
8.70
8.07
10.52
12.28
14.20
10.36
11.05
10.20
13.50
14.20
9.94
8.04

431.14
337.55
309.60
440.73
526.61
631.16
410.00
447.86
401.58
535.94
560.60
400.16
304.20

439.60
348.60
310.03
446.90
525.46
619.96
417.38
462.76
409.25
551.69
576.58
408.12
305.69

440.91
347.84
314.40
445.17
524.02
612.67
423.30
459.06
412.09
556.01
588.82
407.71
308.87

453.60
350.61
322.80
450.26
537.86
631.90
437.19
471.84
417.18
585.90
634.74
410.52
314.36

9.30
S.95
13.34
7.23
5.99
11.66
10.48
12.56
14.74
9.01
6.13

9.45
9.13
15.66
7.31
6.02
11.71
10.49
12.70
14.99
9.11
6.20

9.40
9.04
14.60
7.37
6.07
11.62
10.56
12.64
14.89
9.14

9.52
9.14
13.71
7.45
6.20
11.72
10.69
12.82
15.15
9.22
6.31

374.79
365.16
534.931
301.491
217.44
514.21
403.48
536.31
648.56
372.11

377.06
368.851
613.871
295.321
220.33
502.36
396.52
533.40
679.05
373.51

377.88
369.74
570.86
302.91
224.59
498.50
403.39
529.62
661.121
377.48

385.56
376.57
553.88
307.69
230.02
510.99
411.57 .
544.85
675.69
382.63

231.71

231.26

235.00

235.36

12.11

12.33

474.71

490.73

491.09

489.35

366.32i 380.32j 375.82

381.00

Construction
Manufacturing

Wholesale trade

9.64

9.93

Retail trade

6.20

6.28

8.73

I
i

6.25
12.37
9.89

12.42
10.00

6.25

9.03

9.05

8.54 I ft.79

Services

Aug.
19S8£/

$9.40
9.37

12.50

Finance* insurance, and real estate

July
1968

$9.25
9.32

Mining

Transportation and public utilities

\

Sept.
1987

Sept.
19S8p/

$9.05 I $9.25
9.02 I 9.32

Seasonally adjusted

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone/ clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products..
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
.
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products.
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

Aug.
1988

8.79

6.37
9.12
8.97

See footnote 1, table 1-2.

543.58

182.90

188.401 186.25

184.73

314.28

326.89) 322.18

325.58

276.70

290.071 288.31

291.53

preliminary.

Table B-4. Hourly Earnings Index for production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private nonagricultural payrolls by
industry
(1977=100)
Not seasonally

Industry

Total private nonfarm:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
Mining
Construction.
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade
Finance,insurance, and real estate.
Services

Sept.
1987

July
1988

174.9
93.6
182.8
156.2
176.0.
177.41
178.11
163.31
187.71
182.91

178.7
92.9
185.8
157.8
178.9
180.3
183.0
166.1
194.8
188.9

adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Percent
change
from*
Aug.
Sept.
Sept.
1986*/ 1988fi/ 1987Sept.
1988

178.7
92.4
185.7
158.5
178.51
181.41
182.2
165.6
195.4
188.9

180.7
N.A.
186.5
160.5
179.9
182.8
184.3
168.3
196.3
192.5

3.3
(2)
2.0
2.7
2.2
3.0
3.5
3.0
4.6
5.2

JL
1/ See footnote 1, table B-2.
2/ Change is -.8 percent from August 1987 to August 1988, the latest month

available.
3/ Change is -.3 percent from July 1988 to August 1988, the latest month
available.
4/ These series are not seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is
small relative to the trend-cycle andtor irregular




Sept.
1987

May
1988

June
1988

July
1988

174.6
93.7
(4)
154.8
176.3
176.8
(4)
162.3
(4)
182.5

178.7
93.6
(4)
157.5
178.4
181.6
(4)
165.4
(4)
189.9

178.6
93.2

179.3
93.2
(4)
158.8
178.8
181.5
(4)
166.8
(4)
190.8

C4>
157.8
178.8
181.0

(4)
165.7
(4)
.189.4

Aug.
1988

179.6
92.9
(4)
158.7
179.4
182.3

Sept.
I988

Percent
change
from:
Aug.
1988Sept.
1988

0.5
(3)
(4)

180.4
N.A.

(4)
159.2
180.2
182.2
(4)j
(4)
166.6 167.3
(4)|
(4)
191.01 192.1

.

\<t

(5)
(4)
.4

C4)

.6

components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
5/ Change is less than .05 percent.
N.A. Data not available.
p - preliminary.
NOTE: Beginning in 1989, publication of the Hourly Earnings Index series will no
longer be published in this release. For further information, see -Employment
Cost Index Series to Replace Hourly Earnings Index," Monthly Labor Review,
Jury 1988, pp. 32-35.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workersl/ on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry
(1977=100)
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Sept.| July
1987
1988

Total private
Goods-producing industries
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone* clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel product:
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment.•..*
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing.. . *
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale trade
Retail trade... *.
Finance* insurance, and real estate
Services
1/

Aug.
Sept.| May
Sept.
1988E' 1938E' 1987
1988

Time sp*n

Jan.

July j Aug. Sept.
1988 I1988E' 19882'

128.2

128.3

127.5

121.1

124.4

125.4

126.4

125.5

126.0

101.0

103.81 105.4

106.4

98.0

102.1

103.2

103.3

102.9

103.2

I

85.1

84.4

84.3

82.7

84.4

85.0

85.6

83.2

82.8

138.01 155.8

158.0

155.4

127.0

139.3

144.0

142.4

142.3

143.0

96.2

98.0

93.3
107.1
112.5
90.8
67.9
54.3
91.6
91.0
102.1
94.5
83.7
107.3
84.9
97.9 100.5
99.7
107.9 103.3 108.9
64.9
69.5
80.4
78.2
80.4
83.5
81.2
84.6
84.5
103.5 101.3 101.4
133.4 135.21 136.9
96.91 98.51 98.9
89.9
88.8
86.5
116.4 120.8 122.4
53.1
57.6
57.0
134.4 141.8
141.0
111.4 115.6
115.5
120.3 127.4
126.9
124.7 131.1
130.6
140.7 144.1
141.8
153.8 164.5
163.6

95.8
105.5
115.8
91.0
69.8
55.0
94.3
93.7
103.8
101.2
93.7
108

94.71

94.6

91.3
104.2
113.2
89. lj
65.8!
53.8
88
85
99.9
97.4
85.9
102.1
83.6

92.4
106.4
109.1
90.2
67.2
55.2
89.9
91.3
100.2
95.1
83.8
105.9
81.2

86.2

101.2

109.0
76.2

81.1
85.1

102.9

138.1
99.7
89.4

123.7
56.6

93.2

95.7

96.1

96.5

96.1

96.5

90.3

93.9

94.3

94.8

94.3

94.9

100.2

103.2
113.7
87.5
68.1
54.6

103.8
113.4

103.9

102.6
112.0

101.5
113.7

111.3
85.7
65.5
54.0
87.5
85.7
99.3
97.5
85.7

102.1
81.5
97.3
99.7
70.9

82.1
84.0
102.3
132.7
96.2
84.7

116.2
56.7

139.1

133.9

115.9

110.0

127.4

124.1

140.1

140.6

161.6

92.1
91.6

98.9

101.4
71.4
80.2
84.8

101.7
136.4
98.8

86.8
123.4

55.5

54.9

136.8
113.5
124.4
125.1
140.1
158.3

153.7

90.5

99.7
88.2

84.5

123.

69.0
55.3
92.7
93.7

103.1

106.6

106.1
83.9
98.4
100.5
71.0
80.6
84.7
101.5
134.9
97
85,

115.1
88.0

103.0
100.0

89.9

119.6

126.8

88.1
68.6
55.4
92.8
91.6

102.3
100.2

108.2
85.1
99.1

100.6
73.7
81.2
84.7

101.9
136.6
98.7

86.6
124.8
55.5

87.7
68.9

54.6
92.5

92.7

103.1
100.0
90.8

108.2
84.3
98.8

100.8
70.3
79.5
84.3

101.9
137.0
99.1

87.1
124.0
55.8

87.7
69.4
54.5
93.4
93.7

103.1
101.6
93.8

103.2
84.1
98.8

100
67
79.9
84.6

101.5
137.2
98.7
87.5

123.4
56.0

138.6

137.8

139.1

138.0

113.8

114.7

114.3

124.9

125.4 I 126.9
126.3
127.31 126.1 125.8

126.2
142.11 139.6
140.1
160.01 161.51 160.5

114.5

140.3
161.7

P • preliminary.

Sea footnote 1, tabl* B~2.

Table B-6. Indexes of diffusion

June
1988

122.5
84.2

Mining

Seasonally adjusted

Percent of industries in which employment.!/ increased
Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

Kay

July

June

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Over 1-month *p*t*i
1986
1987
•
1988

57.0
50 8
61.6

47.3
59.2
61.6

49.5
61 1
62.2

50.8
62.4
63.8

51.9
62.4
58.1

46.8
61.6
68.9

51.9
70.8
61.4

54.1
62.2
£'52.4

51.4
68.1
E/50.5

53.0
67.3

58.9
67.8

58.9
68.4

Over 3-month span:
1986
1987
1988

50 0
57.6
71.6

47 6
57.0
66.8

45 7
65 1
67.0

46 2
69.2
66.8

46.2
68.1
71.4

46.2
71.9
69.7

48.1
73.8
E/68.1

51.9
76.8
E'58.4

50.5
74.1

55.9
76.5

59.7
78.1

59.2
73.0

Over 6-month span*
1986
*....
1987 ..
1988

48 1
64 6
73.5

47 3
64 3
70.3

43 8
63 0
70.3

42.7
70 5
73.8

43.2
47.0
72 4
77.3
fi/71.1 £•66.5

46.5
78.4

50.0
79.7

55.9
82.7

53.2
77.8

55.9
77.0

58.4
76.5

Over 12-month span:
1986
1987
1988

41.6
42 2
43 8
67.3
63.8
69 5
77.6 fi/78.4 £'73.8

44.9
73.5

46.8
78.9

48.6
78.9

51.6
79.7

53.8
78.4

56.5
77.8

57.8
81.9

1/ Number of employees, seasonally adjusted for 1* 3/
and 6 month spans, on the payrolls of 185 private nonagricultural industries. Data for the 12-month span
are unadjusted.




45 7
76.8

48.6
76.8

NOTE* Figures are the percent of industries
with employment rising. (Half of the unchanged
components are counted as rising.) Data are
centered within the spans.
p=preliminary.