Full text of The Employment Situation : October 2024
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Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until 8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, November 1, 2024 USDL-24-2233 Technical information: Household data: (202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces Media contact: (202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — OCTOBER 2024 Total nonfarm payroll employment was essentially unchanged in October (+12,000), and the unemployment rate was unchanged at 4.1 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Employment continued to trend up in health care and government. Temporary help services lost jobs. Employment declined in manufacturing due to strike activity. Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted, October 2022 – October 2024 Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change, seasonally adjusted, October 2022 – October 2024 Percent Thousands 5.5 600 5.0 500 400 4.5 300 4.0 200 3.5 100 3.0 2.5 Oct-22 0 Jan-23 Apr-23 Jul-23 Oct-23 Jan-24 Apr-24 Jul-24 Oct-24 -100 Oct-22 Jan-23 Apr-23 Jul-23 Oct-23 Jan-24 Apr-24 Jul-24 Oct-24 This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note. Hurricanes Helene and Milton October data from the household and establishment surveys are the first collected since Hurricanes Helene and Milton struck the United States. These hurricanes caused severe damage in the southeast portion of the country. See the notes on page 4 for more information. Household Survey Data The unemployment rate was unchanged at 4.1 percent in October, and the number of unemployed people was little changed at 7.0 million. These measures are higher than a year earlier, when the jobless rate was 3.8 percent, and the number of unemployed people was 6.4 million. (See table A-1.) Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.9 percent), adult women (3.6 percent), teenagers (13.8 percent), Whites (3.8 percent), Blacks (5.7 percent), Asians (3.9 percent), and Hispanics (5.1 percent) showed little or no change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.) Among the unemployed, the number of permanent job losers edged up to 1.8 million in October. The number of people on temporary layoff changed little at 846,000. (See table A-11.) The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was little changed at 1.6 million in October. This measure is up from 1.3 million a year earlier. In October, the long-term unemployed accounted for 22.9 percent of all unemployed people. (See table A-12.) Both the labor force participation rate, at 62.6 percent, and the employment-population ratio, at 60.0 percent, changed little in October. These measures have shown little change over the year. (See table A1.) The number of people employed part time for economic reasons was little changed at 4.6 million in October. These individuals would have preferred full-time employment but were working part time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.) The number of people not in the labor force who currently want a job, at 5.7 million, was essentially unchanged in October. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take a job. (See table A-1.) Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of people marginally attached to the labor force, at 1.6 million, was little changed in October. These individuals wanted and were available for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached who believed that no jobs were available for them, changed little at 379,000 in October. (See Summary table A.) Establishment Survey Data Total nonfarm payroll employment was essentially unchanged in October (+12,000), following an average monthly gain of 194,000 over the prior 12 months. In October, employment continued to trend up in health care and government. Temporary help services lost jobs. Employment declined in manufacturing due to strike activity. (See table B-1.) Health care added 52,000 jobs in October, in line with the average monthly gain of 58,000 over the prior 12 months. Over the month, employment rose in ambulatory health care services (+36,000) and nursing and residential care facilities (+9,000). -2- Employment in government continued its upward trend in October (+40,000), similar to the average monthly gain of 43,000 over the prior 12 months. Over the month, employment continued to trend up in state government (+18,000). Within professional and business services, employment in temporary help services declined by 49,000 in October. Temporary help services employment has decreased by 577,000 since reaching a peak in March 2022. Manufacturing employment decreased by 46,000 in October, reflecting a decline of 44,000 in transportation equipment manufacturing that was largely due to strike activity. Employment in construction changed little in October (+8,000). The industry had added an average of 20,000 jobs per month over the prior 12 months. Over the month, nonresidential specialty trade contractors added 14,000 jobs. Employment showed little or no change over the month in other major industries, including mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; wholesale trade; retail trade; transportation and warehousing; information; financial activities; leisure and hospitality; and other services. In October, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 13 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $35.46. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 4.0 percent. In October, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees rose by 12 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $30.48. (See tables B-3 and B-8.) The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls remained at 34.3 hours in October. In manufacturing, the average workweek was little changed at 39.9 hours, and overtime edged down by 0.1 hour to 2.8 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour to 33.7 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.) The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for August was revised down by 81,000, from +159,000 to +78,000, and the change for September was revised down by 31,000, from +254,000 to +223,000. With these revisions, employment in August and September combined is 112,000 lower than previously reported. (Monthly revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.) _____________ The Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on Friday, December 6, 2024, at 8:30 a.m. (ET). -3- Hurricanes Helene and Milton Hurricane Helene made landfall on Florida’s Gulf Coast on September 26, 2024, and then tracked north into several other states. This was before the October reference periods for both the household and establishment surveys. Hurricane Milton struck Florida on October 9, 2024, during the reference periods for both surveys. Prior to the storm’s landfall, there were large-scale evacuations of Florida residents. In October, the household survey was conducted largely according to standard procedures, and response rates were within normal ranges. The initial establishment survey collection rate for October was well below average. However, collection rates were similar in storm-affected areas and unaffected areas. A larger influence on the October collection rate for establishment data was the timing and length of the collection period. This period, which can range from 10 to 16 days, lasted 10 days in October and was completed several days before the end of the month. No changes were made to either the establishment or household survey estimation procedures for the October data. It is likely that payroll employment estimates in some industries were affected by the hurricanes; however, it is not possible to quantify the net effect on the over-the-month change in national employment, hours, or earnings estimates because the establishment survey is not designed to isolate effects from extreme weather events. There was no discernible effect on the national unemployment rate from the household survey. For information on how unusually severe weather can affect employment and hours estimates, see the Frequently Asked Questions section of this news release. BLS will release the state estimates of employment and unemployment for October on November 19, 2024, at 10:00 a.m. (ET). Notice Regarding Funding of the Household Survey BLS has paused plans to reduce the household survey (Current Population Survey or CPS) sample at this time. For further information, please see www.bls.gov/cps/notices/2024/cps-funding.htm. -4- HOUSEHOLD DATA Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Category Oct. 2023 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024 Change from: Sept. 2024Oct. 2024 Oct. 2024 Employment status Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force.......................................................... . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed.................................................................. . Employment-population ratio......................................... . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267,642 167,723 62.7 161,280 60.3 6,443 3.8 99,919 268,856 168,549 62.7 161,434 60.0 7,115 4.2 100,306 269,080 168,699 62.7 161,864 60.2 6,834 4.1 100,381 269,289 168,479 62.6 161,496 60.0 6,984 4.1 100,809 209 -220 -0.1 -368 -0.2 150 0.0 428 Unemployment rates Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ . 3.8 3.7 3.2 13.1 3.5 5.8 3.1 4.8 4.2 4.0 3.7 14.1 3.8 6.1 4.1 5.5 4.1 3.7 3.6 14.3 3.6 5.7 4.1 5.1 4.1 3.9 3.6 13.8 3.8 5.7 3.9 5.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 -0.5 0.2 0.0 -0.2 0.0 Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. . 3.1 5.8 4.0 3.1 2.1 3.4 7.1 4.0 3.4 2.5 3.3 6.8 4.0 3.4 2.3 3.4 6.6 4.0 3.4 2.5 0.1 -0.2 0.0 0.0 0.2 Reason for unemployment Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Job leavers..................................................................... . Reentrants...................................................................... . New entrants................................................................... . 3,120 801 1,869 603 3,328 845 2,132 718 3,233 818 2,046 662 3,400 801 2,154 602 167 -17 108 -60 Duration of unemployment Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. . 15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27 weeks and over............................................................ . 2,269 1,836 1,079 1,291 2,468 2,019 1,167 1,533 2,146 1,982 1,119 1,630 2,112 2,080 1,234 1,608 -34 98 115 -22 Employed persons at work part time Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... . 4,284 2,985 1,000 21,576 4,830 3,303 1,144 22,561 4,624 2,999 1,274 22,566 4,557 3,023 1,184 22,352 -67 24 -90 -214 Persons not in the labor force Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Discouraged workers....................................................... . 1,416 419 1,401 367 1,605 445 1,572 379 -33 -66 NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted Category Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024p Oct. 2024p EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY (Over-the-month change, in thousands) Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 165 98 -10 -1 22 -31 -33 -27.5 2 108 11.9 1.3 -8.5 1.5 -26 0 -5 -22.6 77 72.0 57 -1 67 78 37 2 0 28 -26 -30 -15.5 4 35 6.9 -14.5 10.7 -0.1 -8 7 -47 -23.3 67 55.3 9 4 41 223 192 23 2 27 -6 -3 -4.2 -3 169 6.1 15.4 2.7 2.9 3 4 -9 -20.2 95 80.4 40 9 31 12 -28 -37 1 8 -46 -47 -6.0 1 9 10.4 -6.4 -3.7 -1.7 3 0 -47 -48.5 57 51.3 -4 1 40 (3-month average change, in thousands) Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 207 148 113 78 148 109 104 67 WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2 Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . HOURS AND EARNINGS ALL EMPLOYEES Total private Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . DIFFUSION INDEX (Over 1-month span)5 Total private (250 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing (72 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Oct. 2023 49.8 48.4 81.3 34.3 $34.10 $1,169.63 115.3 -0.2 187.9 0.1 56.6 43.1 49.8 48.4 81.4 34.3 $35.22 $1,208.05 116.6 0.3 196.3 0.8 50.8 37.5 49.8 48.4 81.4 34.3 $35.33 $1,211.82 116.7 0.1 197.2 0.5 59.8 43.1 49.9 48.4 81.4 34.3 $35.46 $1,216.28 116.7 0.0 197.9 0.4 55.6 45.1 Includes other industries, not shown separately. Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. 3 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate hours. 4 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. 5 Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. 2 Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates 1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment? The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about 130,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically significant change in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm. 2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys? It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore, it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The Employment Situation news release. 3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions? The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates. The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding 2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7. On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm. 4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms? Yes. About 45 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal. 5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses? Yes. Monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year. 6. Is the count of unemployed people limited to just those receiving unemployment insurance benefits? No. The estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All people who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey. 7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently looking for work? Yes. However, there are separate estimates of people outside the labor force who want a job, including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures. 8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates? In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed, while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours. It is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates, employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th of the month. People who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the number of people who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure of the number of people who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather. Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page, please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln. Technical Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES; establishment survey). The household survey provides information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides information on employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each month from the payroll records of a sample of nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the CES program surveys about 119,000 businesses and government agencies, representing approximately 629,000 individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs. For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following criteria: they had no employment during the reference week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific active efforts to find employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference week. People laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits. The civilian labor force is the sum of the employed and unemployed. Those people not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the employed as a percent of the population. Additional information about the household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm. Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are those who worked or received pay for any part of the reference pay period, including people on paid leave. People are counted in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced for the private sector for all employees and for production and nonsupervisory employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging, construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in private service-providing industries. Industries are classified on the basis of an establishment's principal activity in accordance with the 2022 version of the North American Industry Classification System. Additional information about the establishment survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/. Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the surveys. Among these are: • The household survey includes agricultural workers, self-employed workers whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed. These groups are excluded from the establishment survey. • The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed. The establishment survey does not. • The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older. The establishment survey is not limited by age. • The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because individuals are counted only once, even if they hold more than one job. In the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job and thus appearing on more than one payroll are counted separately for each appearance. Seasonal adjustment Reliability of the estimates Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal variation. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in employment or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment survey, payroll employment in education declines by about 20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal employment changes at the end and beginning of the school year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make underlying employment patterns more discernable. The seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic activity. Many seasonally adjusted series are independently adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys. However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed by aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories. Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and duration are derived from the sum of the independently seasonally adjusted component series and will not necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa. For both the household and establishment surveys, a concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are used to adjust only the current month's data. In the establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year revisions to historical data are made once a year. Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample, rather than the entire population, is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may differ from the true population values they represent. The component of this difference that occurs because samples differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence. For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment survey is on the order of plus or minus 130,000. Suppose the estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the monthly change would range from -80,000 to +180,000 (50,000 +/- 130,000). These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is about +/- 0.2 percentage point. In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of estimates also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such as for quarterly and annual averages. The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the data. For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final. Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an estimation procedure with two components is used to account for business births. The first component excludes employment losses from business deaths from sample-based estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample units going out of business, but imputing to them the same employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death employment. The second component is an ARIMA time series model designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level database and reflects the actual residual net of births and deaths over the past 5 years. The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program. The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy for total survey error. Benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries when necessary. Over the past decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from -0.3 percent to 0.3 percent. Other information If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications relay services. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, sex, and age Oct. 2023 Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024 Oct. 2023 June 2024 July 2024 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024 TOTAL Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 267,642 167,774 62.7 161,676 60.4 6,098 3.6 99,868 5,037 269,080 168,569 62.6 162,046 60.2 6,524 3.9 100,511 5,591 269,289 168,569 62.6 161,938 60.1 6,631 3.9 100,720 5,330 267,642 167,723 62.7 161,280 60.3 6,443 3.8 99,919 5,376 268,438 168,009 62.6 161,199 60.1 6,811 4.1 100,429 5,234 268,644 168,429 62.7 161,266 60.0 7,163 4.3 100,215 5,600 268,856 168,549 62.7 161,434 60.0 7,115 4.2 100,306 5,637 269,080 168,699 62.7 161,864 60.2 6,834 4.1 100,381 5,697 269,289 168,479 62.6 161,496 60.0 6,984 4.1 100,809 5,666 Men, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 130,816 88,730 67.8 85,384 65.3 3,345 3.8 42,087 131,186 89,209 68.0 85,754 65.4 3,455 3.9 41,978 131,287 89,279 68.0 85,770 65.3 3,509 3.9 42,008 130,816 88,968 68.0 85,327 65.2 3,641 4.1 41,848 130,875 89,171 68.1 85,514 65.3 3,657 4.1 41,704 130,975 89,293 68.2 85,390 65.2 3,903 4.4 41,682 131,077 88,950 67.9 85,075 64.9 3,875 4.4 42,127 131,186 89,308 68.1 85,596 65.2 3,712 4.2 41,878 131,287 89,439 68.1 85,631 65.2 3,808 4.3 41,848 Men, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122,029 85,542 70.1 82,663 67.7 2,879 3.4 36,487 122,221 86,045 70.4 83,091 68.0 2,955 3.4 36,175 122,316 86,204 70.5 83,121 68.0 3,083 3.6 36,112 122,029 85,687 70.2 82,526 67.6 3,161 3.7 36,343 121,929 85,846 70.4 82,618 67.8 3,227 3.8 36,083 122,021 86,054 70.5 82,576 67.7 3,477 4.0 35,968 122,118 85,857 70.3 82,452 67.5 3,405 4.0 36,261 122,221 86,006 70.4 82,815 67.8 3,192 3.7 36,215 122,316 86,257 70.5 82,896 67.8 3,361 3.9 36,059 Women, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 136,826 79,045 57.8 76,292 55.8 2,753 3.5 57,781 137,894 79,361 57.6 76,292 55.3 3,069 3.9 58,533 138,002 79,290 57.5 76,169 55.2 3,121 3.9 58,712 136,826 78,755 57.6 75,953 55.5 2,801 3.6 58,071 137,564 78,838 57.3 75,684 55.0 3,154 4.0 58,725 137,669 79,136 57.5 75,876 55.1 3,260 4.1 58,533 137,779 79,599 57.8 76,359 55.4 3,240 4.1 58,179 137,894 79,391 57.6 76,268 55.3 3,123 3.9 58,503 138,002 79,040 57.3 75,865 55.0 3,176 4.0 58,961 Women, 20 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128,342 75,888 59.1 73,499 57.3 2,390 3.1 52,454 129,236 76,264 59.0 73,598 56.9 2,667 3.5 52,972 129,340 76,282 59.0 73,566 56.9 2,716 3.6 53,057 128,342 75,487 58.8 73,066 56.9 2,421 3.2 52,856 128,922 75,587 58.6 72,798 56.5 2,788 3.7 53,335 129,021 75,968 58.9 73,078 56.6 2,890 3.8 53,052 129,125 76,411 59.2 73,589 57.0 2,822 3.7 52,714 129,236 76,134 58.9 73,426 56.8 2,708 3.6 53,102 129,340 75,911 58.7 73,159 56.6 2,752 3.6 53,428 Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,270 6,344 36.7 5,514 31.9 830 13.1 10,927 17,623 6,260 35.5 5,357 30.4 902 14.4 11,364 17,633 6,083 34.5 5,252 29.8 832 13.7 11,550 17,270 6,549 37.9 5,688 32.9 861 13.1 10,721 17,588 6,577 37.4 5,782 32.9 795 12.1 11,011 17,602 6,407 36.4 5,612 31.9 795 12.4 11,195 17,612 6,281 35.7 5,393 30.6 888 14.1 11,332 17,623 6,559 37.2 5,624 31.9 935 14.3 11,064 17,633 6,311 35.8 5,441 30.9 870 13.8 11,322 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, race, sex, and age WHITE Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. Oct. 2023 Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024 Oct. 2023 June 2024 July 2024 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024 204,867 127,686 62.3 123,623 60.3 4,063 3.2 77,181 205,338 128,149 62.4 123,659 60.2 4,490 3.5 77,189 205,444 127,820 62.2 123,318 60.0 4,503 3.5 77,624 204,867 127,612 62.3 123,198 60.1 4,414 3.5 77,255 205,010 127,552 62.2 123,095 60.0 4,457 3.5 77,457 205,114 127,887 62.3 123,032 60.0 4,854 3.8 77,228 205,222 127,939 62.3 123,049 60.0 4,890 3.8 77,282 205,338 128,168 62.4 123,490 60.1 4,677 3.6 77,171 205,444 127,750 62.2 122,905 59.8 4,845 3.8 77,695 66,334 70.0 64,359 67.9 1,975 3.0 66,445 70.2 64,353 67.9 2,091 3.1 66,460 70.1 64,334 67.9 2,126 3.2 66,363 70.0 64,148 67.6 2,215 3.3 66,154 70.0 64,011 67.7 2,143 3.2 66,313 70.1 64,005 67.6 2,308 3.5 66,282 70.0 63,910 67.5 2,372 3.6 66,385 70.1 64,114 67.7 2,271 3.4 66,439 70.1 64,085 67.6 2,354 3.5 56,501 57.9 55,002 56.4 1,498 2.7 56,837 58.1 55,096 56.3 1,741 3.1 56,687 57.9 54,936 56.1 1,751 3.1 56,209 57.6 54,621 56.0 1,588 2.8 56,268 57.6 54,505 55.8 1,763 3.1 56,529 57.8 54,583 55.8 1,946 3.4 56,777 58.0 54,866 56.1 1,911 3.4 56,693 57.9 54,947 56.1 1,747 3.1 56,426 57.6 54,583 55.7 1,843 3.3 4,851 38.7 4,262 34.0 589 12.1 4,867 38.3 4,209 33.1 657 13.5 4,674 36.7 4,049 31.8 625 13.4 5,040 40.2 4,430 35.4 611 12.1 5,131 40.4 4,580 36.0 551 10.7 5,044 39.7 4,444 34.9 600 11.9 4,880 38.4 4,273 33.6 607 12.4 5,089 40.0 4,429 34.8 660 13.0 4,885 38.4 4,238 33.3 647 13.3 34,788 21,996 63.2 20,716 59.5 1,281 5.8 12,792 35,092 21,974 62.6 20,780 59.2 1,194 5.4 13,118 35,128 22,178 63.1 20,920 59.6 1,258 5.7 12,950 34,788 21,902 63.0 20,636 59.3 1,266 5.8 12,886 34,982 21,942 62.7 20,570 58.8 1,372 6.3 13,040 35,017 22,124 63.2 20,739 59.2 1,385 6.3 12,893 35,053 21,984 62.7 20,639 58.9 1,344 6.1 13,070 35,092 22,062 62.9 20,801 59.3 1,262 5.7 13,030 35,128 22,092 62.9 20,832 59.3 1,259 5.7 13,037 10,063 67.8 9,547 64.3 516 5.1 10,355 69.4 9,849 66.0 506 4.9 10,360 69.4 9,790 65.6 569 5.5 10,048 67.7 9,520 64.1 528 5.3 10,269 69.1 9,643 64.9 626 6.1 10,370 69.7 9,681 65.1 689 6.6 10,153 68.2 9,551 64.1 602 5.9 10,349 69.4 9,817 65.8 532 5.1 10,339 69.3 9,754 65.3 585 5.7 11,148 64.1 10,517 60.5 630 5.7 10,906 62.1 10,346 59.0 560 5.1 11,060 63.0 10,491 59.7 569 5.1 11,065 63.6 10,475 60.3 590 5.3 10,906 62.3 10,289 58.8 617 5.7 11,029 63.0 10,428 59.5 601 5.5 11,084 63.2 10,474 59.7 610 5.5 10,944 62.4 10,358 59.0 585 5.3 10,990 62.6 10,447 59.5 543 4.9 786 30.8 651 25.5 135 17.2 713 27.1 585 22.2 128 18.0 759 28.8 639 24.3 119 15.8 789 30.9 642 25.1 147 18.7 767 29.3 637 24.3 130 16.9 725 27.6 630 24.0 95 13.1 747 28.4 614 23.4 133 17.7 770 29.3 625 23.8 145 18.8 763 29.0 632 24.0 131 17.2 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, race, sex, and age ASIAN Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Oct. 2023 17,593 11,443 65.0 11,094 63.1 349 3.1 6,150 Sept. 2024 17,902 11,682 65.3 11,206 62.6 476 4.1 6,220 Oct. 2024 18,107 11,808 65.2 11,344 62.6 464 3.9 6,299 Oct. 2023 17,593 11,490 65.3 11,134 63.3 356 3.1 6,103 June 2024 18,052 11,888 65.9 11,400 63.2 488 4.1 6,163 July 2024 17,971 11,814 65.7 11,383 63.3 431 3.7 6,158 Aug. 2024 17,973 11,755 65.4 11,269 62.7 486 4.1 6,218 Sept. 2024 17,902 11,683 65.3 11,202 62.6 481 4.1 6,219 1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Oct. 2024 18,107 11,862 65.5 11,393 62.9 468 3.9 6,245 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age [Numbers in thousands] Seasonally adjusted1 Not seasonally adjusted Employment status, sex, and age HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Men, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women, 20 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Both sexes, 16 to 19 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio.............. . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Oct. 2023 Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024 Oct. 2023 June 2024 July 2024 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024 47,877 32,071 67.0 30,641 64.0 1,429 4.5 15,807 49,180 33,083 67.3 31,481 64.0 1,602 4.8 16,097 49,286 32,988 66.9 31,404 63.7 1,584 4.8 16,298 47,877 32,056 67.0 30,525 63.8 1,531 4.8 15,822 48,864 33,002 67.5 31,388 64.2 1,614 4.9 15,862 48,966 32,946 67.3 31,191 63.7 1,755 5.3 16,020 49,071 33,264 67.8 31,443 64.1 1,822 5.5 15,807 49,180 33,172 67.4 31,484 64.0 1,687 5.1 16,008 49,286 32,988 66.9 31,303 63.5 1,684 5.1 16,298 17,124 78.7 16,464 75.7 660 3.9 17,677 79.5 17,039 76.7 638 3.6 17,738 79.6 17,098 76.7 640 3.6 17,128 78.7 16,409 75.4 719 4.2 17,769 80.5 17,023 77.1 746 4.2 17,710 80.0 16,923 76.5 786 4.4 17,834 80.4 16,980 76.6 854 4.8 17,697 79.6 16,978 76.4 720 4.1 17,756 79.7 17,052 76.5 704 4.0 13,285 61.2 12,794 59.0 491 3.7 13,912 62.3 13,250 59.3 662 4.8 13,773 61.5 13,104 58.5 670 4.9 13,265 61.1 12,727 58.6 537 4.1 13,555 61.1 12,951 58.4 604 4.5 13,690 61.6 12,949 58.2 741 5.4 13,921 62.5 13,223 59.3 698 5.0 13,924 62.3 13,262 59.4 663 4.8 13,744 61.4 13,032 58.2 712 5.2 1,661 37.5 1,382 31.2 279 16.8 1,495 32.4 1,192 25.8 302 20.2 1,477 31.9 1,202 26.0 274 18.6 1,664 37.6 1,389 31.4 275 16.5 1,678 36.5 1,414 30.8 264 15.7 1,546 33.6 1,319 28.7 227 14.7 1,509 32.7 1,239 26.9 269 17.8 1,550 33.6 1,245 27.0 305 19.7 1,488 32.2 1,219 26.4 268 18.0 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns. NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Educational attainment Oct. 2023 Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024 Seasonally adjusted Oct. 2023 June 2024 July 2024 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024 Less than a high school diploma Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9,176 47.3 8,725 45.0 451 4.9 9,355 48.1 8,802 45.3 553 5.9 8,920 47.7 8,408 44.9 512 5.7 9,312 48.0 8,771 45.2 542 5.8 9,145 47.0 8,604 44.2 541 5.9 9,199 49.0 8,583 45.7 616 6.7 9,452 48.1 8,785 44.7 667 7.1 9,262 47.6 8,630 44.4 632 6.8 9,055 48.4 8,456 45.2 599 6.6 High school graduates, no college1 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35,758 57.1 34,377 54.9 1,381 3.9 36,408 57.0 35,031 54.8 1,377 3.8 35,908 56.8 34,546 54.6 1,362 3.8 35,637 56.9 34,195 54.6 1,442 4.0 36,235 57.0 34,709 54.6 1,526 4.2 36,721 57.0 35,015 54.3 1,707 4.6 36,840 56.9 35,357 54.6 1,482 4.0 36,214 56.7 34,770 54.4 1,444 4.0 35,866 56.7 34,441 54.5 1,425 4.0 Some college or associate degree Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36,188 62.9 35,098 61.0 1,090 3.0 35,990 63.3 34,808 61.2 1,182 3.3 36,050 62.8 34,876 60.8 1,174 3.3 35,814 62.2 34,691 60.3 1,123 3.1 35,569 62.7 34,353 60.5 1,216 3.4 35,688 63.0 34,425 60.8 1,263 3.5 35,578 63.5 34,352 61.3 1,226 3.4 35,899 63.1 34,680 61.0 1,219 3.4 35,718 62.2 34,506 60.1 1,212 3.4 Bachelor’s degree and higher2 Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64,670 72.9 63,362 71.5 1,308 2.0 65,527 72.9 64,073 71.3 1,454 2.2 66,206 72.8 64,597 71.1 1,609 2.4 64,504 72.8 63,133 71.2 1,371 2.1 65,352 72.8 63,800 71.1 1,552 2.4 65,256 72.7 63,724 71.0 1,532 2.3 65,291 73.0 63,653 71.2 1,639 2.5 65,465 72.9 63,962 71.2 1,503 2.3 65,972 72.6 64,314 70.8 1,659 2.5 1 Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent. Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. 2 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service, and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Total Employment status, veteran status, and period of service Oct. 2023 Men Oct. 2024 Oct. 2023 Women Oct. 2024 Oct. 2023 Oct. 2024 VETERANS, 18 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,836 8,485 47.6 8,256 46.3 229 2.7 9,351 17,484 8,334 47.7 8,096 46.3 237 2.8 9,150 15,790 7,295 46.2 7,095 44.9 200 2.7 8,495 15,429 7,201 46.7 7,006 45.4 195 2.7 8,228 2,046 1,189 58.1 1,160 56.7 29 2.4 857 2,055 1,133 55.1 1,091 53.1 42 3.7 922 Gulf War-era II veterans Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,167 3,987 77.2 3,826 74.1 161 4.0 1,180 5,317 4,129 77.6 3,995 75.1 133 3.2 1,189 4,218 3,286 77.9 3,149 74.7 137 4.2 932 4,319 3,454 80.0 3,344 77.4 110 3.2 865 949 701 73.9 678 71.4 24 3.4 248 999 674 67.5 652 65.3 23 3.4 324 Gulf War-era I veterans Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,877 2,063 71.7 2,026 70.4 37 1.8 814 2,870 1,908 66.5 1,880 65.5 29 1.5 961 2,448 1,766 72.1 1,729 70.6 37 2.1 682 2,459 1,653 67.2 1,639 66.7 14 0.8 806 429 297 69.3 297 69.3 0 0.0 132 410 255 62.2 240 58.5 15 5.8 155 World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,895 804 13.6 795 13.5 9 1.1 5,091 5,551 724 13.1 716 12.9 9 1.2 4,827 5,645 781 13.8 773 13.7 8 1.0 4,864 5,315 692 13.0 684 12.9 9 1.3 4,623 250 23 9.2 22 8.7 1 – 227 236 32 13.6 32 13.6 0 – 204 Veterans of other service periods Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,897 1,630 41.8 1,608 41.3 22 1.4 2,267 3,746 1,572 42.0 1,506 40.2 67 4.2 2,174 3,479 1,463 42.0 1,444 41.5 18 1.2 2,016 3,336 1,401 42.0 1,339 40.1 62 4.4 1,935 418 168 40.2 164 39.2 4 2.4 250 410 171 41.8 167 40.7 5 2.6 239 NONVETERANS, 18 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 240,471 156,796 65.2 151,258 62.9 5,537 3.5 83,675 242,469 158,004 65.2 151,850 62.6 6,154 3.9 84,465 110,232 80,195 72.8 77,235 70.1 2,960 3.7 30,037 111,115 80,995 72.9 77,798 70.0 3,197 3.9 30,120 130,239 76,601 58.8 74,024 56.8 2,577 3.4 53,638 131,354 77,009 58.6 74,052 56.4 2,957 3.8 54,345 NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August 1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not shown where base is less than 75,000). HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Persons with a disability Employment status, sex, and age Oct. 2023 Oct. 2024 Persons with no disability Oct. 2023 Oct. 2024 TOTAL, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 33,623 8,197 24.4 7,590 22.6 607 7.4 25,425 34,057 8,354 24.5 7,718 22.7 636 7.6 25,703 234,019 159,577 68.2 154,086 65.8 5,491 3.4 74,442 235,232 160,215 68.1 154,220 65.6 5,995 3.7 75,017 Men, 16 to 64 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 3,562 42.0 3,255 38.4 306 8.6 4,925 3,571 41.4 3,267 37.9 304 8.5 5,053 78,993 82.6 76,096 79.6 2,897 3.7 16,654 78,954 83.0 75,935 79.8 3,019 3.8 16,198 Women, 16 to 64 years Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 3,265 38.7 3,035 36.0 229 7.0 5,164 3,342 39.4 3,061 36.0 281 8.4 5,151 70,621 73.4 68,245 70.9 2,376 3.4 25,654 70,555 72.9 67,871 70.2 2,684 3.8 26,195 Both sexes, 65 years and over Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate.................................................................... . Employed............................................................................ . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed......................................................................... . Unemployment rate.............................................................. . Not in labor force...................................................................... . 1,371 8.2 1,299 7.8 72 5.2 15,337 1,441 8.5 1,391 8.2 51 3.5 15,499 9,963 23.7 9,746 23.1 217 2.2 32,135 10,705 24.7 10,414 24.0 291 2.7 32,624 NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Total Employment status and nativity Oct. 2023 Men Oct. 2024 Oct. 2023 Women Oct. 2024 Oct. 2023 Oct. 2024 Foreign born, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate................................................. . Employed......................................................... . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed...................................................... . Unemployment rate........................................... . Not in labor force................................................... . 46,936 31,237 66.6 30,056 64.0 1,182 3.8 15,698 48,547 32,435 66.8 31,090 64.0 1,344 4.1 16,113 22,873 17,628 77.1 16,953 74.1 675 3.8 5,245 23,904 18,540 77.6 17,915 74.9 624 3.4 5,364 24,063 13,610 56.6 13,103 54.5 507 3.7 10,453 24,644 13,895 56.4 13,175 53.5 720 5.2 10,749 Native born, 16 years and over Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. . Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Participation rate................................................. . Employed......................................................... . Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Unemployed...................................................... . Unemployment rate........................................... . Not in labor force................................................... . 220,706 136,537 61.9 131,621 59.6 4,916 3.6 84,169 220,741 136,135 61.7 130,848 59.3 5,287 3.9 84,607 107,943 71,102 65.9 68,431 63.4 2,671 3.8 36,841 107,383 70,740 65.9 67,854 63.2 2,885 4.1 36,644 112,763 65,435 58.0 63,190 56.0 2,245 3.4 47,328 113,358 65,395 57.7 62,994 55.6 2,401 3.7 47,963 NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Category CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government.................................... . Private industries.............................. . Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other industries............................. . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2 All industries Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonagricultural industries Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Seasonally adjusted Oct. 2023 Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024 Oct. 2023 June 2024 July 2024 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024 2,283 1,519 719 45 159,393 150,305 21,741 128,564 768 127,796 9,054 34 2,273 1,648 617 8 159,772 150,426 22,176 128,251 654 127,597 9,300 46 2,330 1,626 681 22 159,609 150,304 22,256 128,048 631 127,417 9,264 41 2,201 1,468 707 – 159,166 150,170 21,664 128,454 – 127,800 8,957 – 2,379 1,666 655 – 158,984 149,846 21,560 128,300 – 127,646 9,025 – 2,273 1,595 641 – 159,100 149,789 21,607 128,166 – 127,515 9,191 – 2,327 1,659 630 – 159,108 149,476 21,431 127,962 – 127,371 9,475 – 2,267 1,641 614 – 159,635 150,298 22,216 128,095 – 127,450 9,235 – 2,248 1,577 667 – 159,353 150,171 22,113 127,993 – 127,438 9,171 – 3,973 2,790 964 22,008 4,297 2,807 1,298 22,704 4,246 2,827 1,130 22,743 4,284 2,985 1,000 21,576 4,220 2,832 1,144 22,341 4,566 2,985 1,195 22,036 4,830 3,303 1,144 22,561 4,624 2,999 1,274 22,566 4,557 3,023 1,184 22,352 3,923 2,754 958 21,649 4,227 2,751 1,298 22,374 4,122 2,766 1,113 22,343 4,205 2,941 992 21,214 4,138 2,778 1,134 21,947 4,491 2,937 1,188 21,681 4,737 3,261 1,124 22,170 4,518 2,928 1,271 22,232 4,404 2,953 1,166 21,961 Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated. Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for the entire week. 3 Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand. 4 Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather. - Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. 2 HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Selected employment indicators [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Characteristic Seasonally adjusted Oct. 2023 Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024 Oct. 2023 June 2024 July 2024 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 161,676 5,514 2,162 3,352 156,162 14,600 141,562 103,741 35,939 35,625 32,177 37,821 162,046 5,357 2,217 3,141 156,688 13,975 142,713 104,493 35,634 36,567 32,293 38,220 161,938 5,252 1,992 3,260 156,687 14,260 142,427 104,184 35,672 36,382 32,131 38,243 161,280 5,688 2,161 3,518 155,592 14,565 140,887 103,311 35,799 35,486 32,026 37,576 161,199 5,782 2,207 3,556 155,417 14,050 141,364 103,874 35,645 36,147 32,081 37,491 161,266 5,612 2,139 3,418 155,654 14,081 141,594 104,120 35,569 36,270 32,281 37,475 161,434 5,393 2,034 3,327 156,041 13,917 141,988 104,144 35,495 36,332 32,317 37,844 161,864 5,624 2,193 3,398 156,240 14,075 142,147 104,192 35,572 36,456 32,164 37,955 161,496 5,441 1,998 3,428 156,054 14,204 141,787 103,791 35,525 36,283 31,984 37,995 Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85,384 2,721 1,054 1,667 82,663 7,238 75,426 55,191 19,037 19,099 17,055 20,235 85,754 2,663 1,052 1,611 83,091 7,164 75,927 55,471 18,918 19,525 17,028 20,456 85,770 2,649 966 1,683 83,121 7,166 75,955 55,357 18,959 19,450 16,947 20,598 85,327 2,801 1,067 1,730 82,526 7,262 75,118 55,012 18,975 19,043 16,994 20,106 85,514 2,896 1,061 1,818 82,618 7,218 75,358 55,294 18,992 19,304 16,998 20,063 85,390 2,814 1,045 1,720 82,576 7,160 75,412 55,378 19,033 19,371 16,973 20,035 85,075 2,623 967 1,616 82,452 7,071 75,279 55,162 18,831 19,322 17,010 20,117 85,596 2,781 1,041 1,719 82,815 7,219 75,555 55,262 18,864 19,450 16,948 20,293 85,631 2,735 981 1,748 82,896 7,182 75,638 55,191 18,892 19,409 16,890 20,448 Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76,292 2,793 1,108 1,685 73,499 7,363 66,136 48,550 16,902 16,526 15,122 17,586 76,292 2,694 1,164 1,530 73,598 6,811 66,786 49,022 16,716 17,042 15,264 17,764 76,169 2,603 1,026 1,577 73,566 7,094 66,472 48,827 16,712 16,931 15,184 17,645 75,953 2,887 1,094 1,788 73,066 7,303 65,769 48,298 16,823 16,443 15,032 17,471 75,684 2,886 1,145 1,739 72,798 6,833 66,007 48,579 16,653 16,843 15,083 17,427 75,876 2,798 1,095 1,698 73,078 6,921 66,182 48,742 16,536 16,899 15,308 17,440 76,359 2,770 1,067 1,712 73,589 6,846 66,709 48,982 16,665 17,010 15,307 17,727 76,268 2,842 1,152 1,680 73,426 6,856 66,591 48,930 16,708 17,005 15,216 17,661 75,865 2,706 1,017 1,680 73,159 7,022 66,149 48,601 16,633 16,874 15,094 17,548 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45,960 37,130 9,963 46,371 37,600 9,852 46,125 37,325 9,843 46,059 37,018 – 45,902 36,964 – 46,060 36,981 – 45,952 37,341 – 46,053 37,469 – 46,108 37,215 – FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 134,824 26,853 134,145 27,901 133,887 28,051 134,502 26,702 133,236 28,054 133,684 27,729 133,246 28,256 133,660 28,161 133,496 27,934 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,542 5.3 8,648 5.3 8,481 5.2 8,360 5.2 8,340 5.2 8,473 5.3 8,538 5.3 8,659 5.3 8,305 5.1 SELF-EMPLOYMENT Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,626 9,773 7,174 9,917 6,873 9,946 – 9,664 – 9,681 – 9,831 – 10,105 – 9,849 – 9,838 1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. 2 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. 3 Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week. 4 Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week. - Data not available. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted Characteristic Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates Oct. 2023 Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024 Oct. 2023 June 2024 July 2024 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024 AGE AND SEX Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years.................................... . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over............................. . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years............................ . 35 to 44 years............................ . 45 to 54 years............................ . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,443 861 373 504 5,582 1,094 4,491 3,443 1,572 1,078 793 1,062 6,834 935 369 559 5,899 1,054 4,795 3,702 1,531 1,276 895 1,107 6,984 870 274 589 6,114 1,193 4,926 3,798 1,527 1,340 931 1,153 3.8 13.1 14.7 12.5 3.5 7.0 3.1 3.2 4.2 2.9 2.4 2.7 4.1 12.1 12.6 11.8 3.7 7.5 3.3 3.5 4.4 3.3 2.7 2.8 4.3 12.4 11.3 13.5 3.9 7.7 3.5 3.6 4.8 3.2 2.9 3.1 4.2 14.1 15.1 13.8 3.8 7.8 3.4 3.6 4.5 3.4 2.7 3.0 4.1 14.3 14.4 14.1 3.6 7.0 3.3 3.4 4.1 3.4 2.7 2.8 4.1 13.8 12.1 14.7 3.8 7.7 3.4 3.5 4.1 3.6 2.8 2.9 Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years.................................... . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over............................. . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years............................ . 35 to 44 years............................ . 45 to 54 years............................ . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3,641 480 209 287 3,161 612 2,525 1,963 923 586 453 562 3,712 520 209 315 3,192 573 2,604 1,989 826 677 485 615 3,808 447 135 314 3,361 717 2,626 1,941 827 634 480 685 4.1 14.6 16.3 14.2 3.7 7.8 3.3 3.4 4.6 3.0 2.6 2.7 4.1 12.9 12.3 13.3 3.8 8.0 3.3 3.5 4.3 3.3 2.8 2.8 4.4 13.1 10.5 15.2 4.0 7.9 3.6 3.7 4.7 3.4 2.9 3.3 4.4 15.2 17.5 14.3 4.0 8.3 3.5 3.6 4.5 3.3 2.8 3.3 4.2 15.8 16.7 15.5 3.7 7.3 3.3 3.5 4.2 3.4 2.8 2.9 4.3 14.1 12.1 15.2 3.9 9.1 3.4 3.4 4.2 3.2 2.8 3.2 Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16 to 19 years.................................... . 16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 years and over............................. . 25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 to 34 years............................ . 35 to 44 years............................ . 45 to 54 years............................ . 55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,801 381 164 217 2,421 482 1,966 1,480 648 492 340 499 3,123 415 160 243 2,708 482 2,191 1,713 705 599 410 479 3,176 423 139 275 2,752 476 2,300 1,857 700 706 451 469 3.6 11.7 13.1 10.8 3.2 6.2 2.9 3.0 3.7 2.9 2.2 2.8 4.0 11.2 12.8 10.1 3.7 7.0 3.4 3.6 4.6 3.4 2.6 2.9 4.1 11.7 12.1 11.7 3.8 7.4 3.4 3.6 4.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 4.1 13.1 12.9 13.3 3.7 7.3 3.3 3.6 4.5 3.6 2.5 2.6 3.9 12.7 12.2 12.7 3.6 6.6 3.2 3.4 4.0 3.4 2.6 2.6 4.0 13.5 12.1 14.1 3.6 6.3 3.4 3.7 4.0 4.0 2.9 2.6 MARITAL STATUS Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 942 791 485 1,006 930 482 1,089 982 517 2.0 2.1 4.6 1.9 2.3 6.2 2.1 2.4 5.6 2.1 2.4 5.6 2.1 2.4 4.7 2.3 2.6 5.0 FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5,207 1,278 5,533 1,246 5,758 1,257 3.7 4.6 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.7 4.1 4.6 4.0 4.2 4.1 4.3 1 Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex married couples only. 2 Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse. 3 Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time jobs. 4 Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from part-time jobs. NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Reason Oct. 2023 Sept. 2024 Seasonally adjusted Oct. 2024 Oct. 2023 June 2024 July 2024 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reentrants........................................... . New entrants........................................ . 2,744 572 2,172 1,617 555 823 1,895 636 2,879 557 2,322 1,667 655 884 2,131 630 3,022 510 2,512 1,818 693 825 2,186 598 3,120 904 2,217 1,636 581 801 1,869 603 3,176 813 2,362 1,643 719 752 2,094 708 3,490 1,062 2,427 1,682 746 855 2,160 650 3,328 872 2,456 1,688 768 845 2,132 718 3,233 894 2,340 1,682 658 818 2,046 662 3,400 846 2,554 1,835 719 801 2,154 602 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reentrants........................................... . New entrants........................................ . 45.0 9.4 35.6 13.5 31.1 10.4 44.1 8.5 35.6 13.6 32.7 9.7 45.6 7.7 37.9 12.4 33.0 9.0 48.8 14.1 34.7 12.5 29.2 9.4 47.2 12.1 35.1 11.2 31.1 10.5 48.8 14.8 33.9 11.9 30.2 9.1 47.4 12.4 35.0 12.0 30.4 10.2 47.8 13.2 34.6 12.1 30.3 9.8 48.9 12.2 36.7 11.5 31.0 8.6 UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Reentrants........................................... . New entrants........................................ . 1.6 0.5 1.1 0.4 1.7 0.5 1.3 0.4 1.8 0.5 1.3 0.4 1.9 0.5 1.1 0.4 1.9 0.4 1.2 0.4 2.1 0.5 1.3 0.4 2.0 0.5 1.3 0.4 1.9 0.5 1.2 0.4 2.0 0.5 1.3 0.4 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment [Numbers in thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Duration Oct. 2023 Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024 Seasonally adjusted Oct. 2023 June 2024 July 2024 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 14 weeks....................................... . 15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 to 26 weeks................................... . 27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,104 1,726 2,268 975 1,292 2,095 1,803 2,626 1,021 1,605 1,927 1,959 2,745 1,176 1,569 2,269 1,836 2,370 1,079 1,291 2,128 2,102 2,603 1,087 1,516 2,351 2,141 2,622 1,087 1,535 2,468 2,019 2,700 1,167 1,533 2,146 1,982 2,749 1,119 1,630 2,112 2,080 2,843 1,234 1,608 Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22.2 9.1 23.1 10.7 23.7 10.7 21.6 8.6 20.7 9.8 20.6 9.4 21.0 9.4 22.6 9.9 22.9 10.0 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5 to 14 weeks....................................... . 15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15 to 26 weeks................................... . 27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34.5 28.3 37.2 16.0 21.2 32.1 27.6 40.2 15.7 24.6 29.1 29.5 41.4 17.7 23.7 35.0 28.4 36.6 16.7 19.9 31.1 30.8 38.1 15.9 22.2 33.0 30.1 36.9 15.3 21.6 34.3 28.1 37.6 16.2 21.3 31.2 28.8 40.0 16.3 23.7 30.0 29.6 40.4 17.5 22.9 NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Employed Occupation Total, 16 years and over1............................................ . Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . . Management, business, and financial operations occupations.................................................... . Professional and related occupations......................... . Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sales and related occupations................................. . Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Natural resources, construction, and maintenance occupations....................................................... . Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . . Production, transportation, and material moving occupations....................................................... . Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Unemployment rates Unemployed Oct. 2023 Oct. 2024 Oct. 2023 Oct. 2024 Oct. 2023 Oct. 2024 161,676 71,387 161,938 71,553 6,098 1,415 6,631 1,689 3.6 1.9 3.9 2.3 30,812 40,575 26,349 29,893 14,228 15,665 30,769 40,784 26,581 29,771 13,857 15,914 550 865 1,224 1,152 577 575 709 979 1,502 1,132 559 573 1.8 2.1 4.4 3.7 3.9 3.5 2.3 2.3 5.3 3.7 3.9 3.5 14,308 975 8,361 4,972 14,545 996 8,767 4,782 678 123 458 97 641 41 492 108 4.5 11.2 5.2 1.9 4.2 4.0 5.3 2.2 19,739 8,072 11,668 19,488 7,375 12,113 971 313 657 1,069 364 705 4.7 3.7 5.3 5.2 4.7 5.5 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly comparable with earlier years. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted Industry and class of worker Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... . Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... . Construction......................................................................... . Manufacturing....................................................................... . Durable goods.................................................................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information........................................................................... . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services.............................................. . Education and health services.................................................... . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services....................................................................... . Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Government workers.................................................................. . Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Number of unemployed persons (in thousands) Unemployment rates Oct. 2023 Oct. 2024 Oct. 2023 Oct. 2024 6,098 4,636 39 414 478 318 160 789 361 106 222 611 593 757 264 106 354 367 6,631 5,207 14 456 537 390 146 906 342 71 191 835 820 818 217 73 399 354 3.6 3.5 6.1 4.0 3.1 3.3 2.8 4.0 4.5 3.7 2.2 3.2 2.3 5.5 3.8 6.7 1.6 3.6 3.9 3.9 2.5 4.2 3.6 4.1 2.8 4.7 4.2 2.7 1.9 4.2 3.1 6.0 3.1 4.5 1.8 3.4 Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization [Percent] Not seasonally adjusted Measure U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor force (official unemployment rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all other persons marginally attached to the labor force, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force, plus total employed part time for economic reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all persons marginally attached to the labor force.................................... . Seasonally adjusted Oct. 2023 Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024 Oct. 2023 June 2024 July 2024 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024 1.4 1.6 1.6 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.6 1.6 1.7 1.6 1.7 1.8 1.9 1.9 2.1 2.0 1.9 2.0 3.6 3.9 3.9 3.8 4.1 4.3 4.2 4.1 4.1 3.9 4.1 4.2 4.1 4.3 4.5 4.4 4.3 4.4 4.4 4.8 4.8 4.6 4.9 5.1 5.0 5.0 5.0 6.8 7.3 7.3 7.2 7.4 7.8 7.9 7.7 7.7 NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted [Numbers in thousands] Total Category Oct. 2023 Men Oct. 2024 Oct. 2023 Women Oct. 2024 Oct. 2023 Oct. 2024 NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Discouraged workers2........................................ . Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . . 99,868 5,037 1,391 428 963 100,720 5,330 1,547 386 1,162 42,087 2,449 724 238 486 42,008 2,508 829 252 577 57,781 2,588 667 190 477 58,712 2,823 719 134 585 MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS Total multiple jobholders4............................................ . Percent of total employed......................................... . Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... . Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8,542 5.3 4,978 1,978 394 1,137 8,481 5.2 4,719 2,110 337 1,262 4,043 4.7 2,510 699 203 614 3,934 4.6 2,428 751 169 558 4,499 5.9 2,468 1,280 191 523 4,547 6.0 2,291 1,359 168 704 1 Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks. 2 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination. 3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined. 4 Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately. NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Industry Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Seasonally adjusted Oct. 2023 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024p Oct. 2024p Oct. 2023 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024p Oct. 2024p 157,878 134,550 21,819 158,731 136,184 22,120 159,181 135,739 22,015 160,007 136,203 21,987 156,832 133,862 21,654 158,770 135,384 21,835 158,993 135,576 21,858 159,005 135,548 21,821 Change from: Sept.2024 Oct.2024p 12 -28 -37 Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.. . Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining (except oil and gas). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonmetallic mineral mining and quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 648 46.1 601.9 118.4 188.0 42.3 43.6 644 39.6 604.1 120.7 191.8 43.2 44.0 643 39.5 603.2 119.7 191.5 43.1 43.7 643 39.1 603.5 120.1 190.7 42.6 43.6 644 45.4 598.9 117.8 186.5 42.2 43.7 635 38.0 596.7 119.0 188.6 43.2 43.6 637 38.0 598.9 119.7 189.1 43.1 43.6 638 38.0 599.7 119.6 189.3 42.7 43.6 1 0.0 0.8 -0.1 0.2 -0.4 0.0 102.1 295.5 104.6 291.6 104.7 292.0 104.5 292.7 100.6 294.6 101.8 289.1 102.4 290.1 103.0 290.8 0.6 0.7 Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential building construction. . . . . . . . . . . . Nonresidential building construction. . . . . . . . . Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . . Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . . Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . . 8,249 1,851.1 944.8 906.3 1,181.3 5,217.0 2,430.1 2,786.9 8,494 1,917.5 968.3 949.2 1,204.9 5,371.7 2,475.6 2,896.1 8,445 1,896.8 961.7 935.1 1,207.2 5,340.8 2,454.2 2,886.6 8,470 1,908.4 970.1 938.3 1,210.0 5,352.0 2,448.1 2,903.9 8,087 1,828.0 932.0 896.0 1,129.7 5,129.4 2,394.1 2,735.3 8,275 1,882.7 951.6 931.1 1,152.5 5,239.3 2,414.3 2,825.0 8,302 1,885.2 955.7 929.5 1,159.7 5,256.9 2,420.2 2,836.7 8,310 1,886.8 957.0 929.8 1,158.6 5,264.6 2,413.6 2,851.0 8 1.6 1.3 0.3 -1.1 7.7 -6.6 14.3 Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wood product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nonmetallic mineral product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Primary metal manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Fabricated metal product manufacturing. . . . Machinery manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer and electronic product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer and peripheral equipment manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Communications equipment manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Semiconductor and other electronic component manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Navigational, measuring, electromedical, and control instruments manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic and optical media and audio and video equipment manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Electrical equipment, appliance, and component manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation equipment manufacturing1. . . Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Furniture and related product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Apparel manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Paper manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Printing and related support activities. . . . . . . Petroleum and coal products manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Chemical manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Plastics and rubber products manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. 12,922 12,982 12,927 12,874 12,923 12,925 12,919 12,873 -46 8,087 415.4 8,126 416.6 8,091 414.0 8,041 411.8 8,092 415.9 8,100 414.6 8,097 413.3 8,050 412.4 -47 -0.9 426.3 374.1 1,455.6 1,132.6 427.8 373.7 1,461.3 1,131.8 428.8 371.4 1,456.1 1,126.6 434.0 370.6 1,450.5 1,126.7 421.8 374.7 1,457.0 1,138.3 423.0 372.3 1,458.5 1,129.4 425.0 371.4 1,458.4 1,131.2 428.2 370.9 1,453.5 1,131.4 3.2 -0.5 -4.9 0.2 1,102.8 1,101.8 1,096.4 1,093.2 1,104.5 1,097.2 1,097.5 1,095.8 -1.7 161.9 160.5 159.9 160.3 161.5 159.7 160.1 160.1 0.0 87.3 84.9 84.3 84.8 87.3 84.8 84.5 84.7 0.2 389.1 393.3 390.0 385.6 390.5 391.0 390.3 388.2 -2.1 433.6 431.7 431.1 431.5 434.4 430.7 431.7 432.0 0.3 30.9 31.4 31.1 31.0 30.9 30.9 30.9 30.9 0.0 416.5 1,788.0 1,027.3 404.1 1,847.0 1,071.0 402.8 1,840.7 1,066.0 404.6 1,793.0 1,055.4 417.6 1,784.0 1,025.3 403.5 1,842.6 1,067.0 403.2 1,839.2 1,062.8 404.9 1,794.8 1,056.8 1.7 -44.4 -6.0 350.8 625.2 341.9 619.9 338.0 616.5 337.6 618.7 352.8 625.2 340.5 618.4 339.6 618.6 338.9 619.1 -0.7 0.5 4,835 1,734.3 89.8 96.3 88.3 352.5 367.4 4,856 1,757.0 89.6 93.9 84.0 348.7 361.7 4,836 1,756.6 89.6 94.0 83.4 348.4 360.1 4,833 1,757.3 89.0 95.1 83.2 349.9 361.4 4,831 1,728.9 89.7 96.8 88.6 353.6 366.5 4,825 1,745.3 89.0 93.5 84.1 349.7 360.6 4,822 1,747.4 89.3 94.6 83.6 349.2 360.4 4,823 1,749.5 89.0 95.5 83.3 350.0 360.4 1 2.1 -0.3 0.9 -0.3 0.8 0.0 109.3 896.3 110.7 905.2 109.3 900.0 108.3 898.7 107.5 900.6 107.8 902.8 107.6 902.3 107.3 902.1 -0.3 -0.2 731.3 723.6 718.6 716.2 734.6 722.4 721.2 718.9 -2.3 ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail — Continued [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Industry Oct. 2023 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024p Seasonally adjusted Oct. 2024p Oct. 2023 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024p Oct. 2024p Change from: Sept.2024 Oct.2024p Nondurable goods - Continued Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369.6 381.5 376.1 373.5 363.7 369.3 366.8 366.9 0.1 Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 112,731 114,064 113,724 114,216 112,208 113,549 113,718 113,727 9 Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28,973 28,918 28,945 29,157 28,888 29,039 29,066 29,065 -1 Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Merchant wholesalers, durable goods. . . . . . . Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods. . . Wholesale trade agents and brokers. . . . . . . . 6,154.6 3,415.3 2,219.8 519.5 6,201.7 3,459.4 2,227.9 514.4 6,184.0 3,446.6 2,222.0 515.4 6,209.9 3,463.7 2,228.7 517.5 6,145.2 3,416.0 2,212.4 516.8 6,182.1 3,449.7 2,219.1 513.3 6,188.2 3,452.9 2,221.1 514.2 6,198.6 3,462.3 2,222.3 514.0 10.4 9.4 1.2 -0.2 Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Automotive parts, accessories, and tire retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Building material and garden equipment and supplies dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food and beverage retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Furniture, home furnishings, electronics, and appliance retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Furniture and home furnishings retailers.. . Electronics and appliance retailers. . . . . . . . General merchandise retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and other general merchandise retailers. . . . Health and personal care retailers. . . . . . . . . . . Gasoline stations and fuel dealers. . . . . . . . . . Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and jewelry retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument, book, and miscellaneous retailers. . . . . . . . . 15,629.8 2,066.7 1,286.7 176.5 15,610.1 2,081.1 1,303.6 172.1 15,544.8 2,078.9 1,305.1 168.3 15,669.5 2,081.7 1,308.0 165.5 15,613.3 2,063.2 1,286.2 176.2 15,646.8 2,073.4 1,302.7 166.1 15,662.2 2,075.6 1,304.6 166.1 15,655.8 2,078.6 1,307.8 165.3 -6.4 3.0 3.2 -0.8 603.5 605.4 605.5 608.2 600.7 604.5 604.9 605.5 0.6 1,374.7 3,241.4 1,378.0 3,261.0 1,355.9 3,242.5 1,351.9 3,264.2 1,396.7 3,244.4 1,374.9 3,260.0 1,373.6 3,263.4 1,372.1 3,268.6 -1.5 5.2 839.2 431.6 407.6 3,253.6 969.5 806.7 413.4 393.3 3,253.2 948.8 813.8 417.4 396.4 3,260.1 954.0 821.1 423.8 397.3 3,307.3 983.2 835.7 431.4 404.2 3,238.7 966.0 817.5 420.6 396.9 3,286.6 968.6 819.0 421.9 397.1 3,290.0 971.2 815.8 420.4 395.4 3,288.0 972.4 -3.2 -1.5 -1.7 -2.0 1.2 2,284.1 1,101.0 1,067.4 2,304.4 1,071.9 1,090.8 2,306.1 1,081.0 1,080.9 2,324.1 1,094.3 1,075.4 2,272.7 1,098.0 1,065.8 2,318.0 1,086.8 1,079.6 2,318.9 1,090.4 1,078.9 2,315.6 1,090.3 1,075.2 -3.3 -0.1 -3.7 1,144.5 1,125.3 1,101.3 1,125.3 1,140.6 1,128.7 1,130.6 1,124.8 -5.8 1,541.3 1,542.1 1,530.4 1,548.3 1,530.2 1,539.3 1,540.7 1,542.4 1.7 Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transit and ground passenger transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . . Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . . Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6,607.8 563.7 152.7 72.6 1,565.0 6,514.1 579.4 150.2 77.8 1,566.3 6,624.1 575.5 149.9 75.9 1,561.3 6,685.4 574.5 149.9 75.5 1,562.1 6,549.4 562.8 152.8 71.8 1,548.2 6,620.0 576.9 150.5 74.5 1,546.4 6,622.7 575.2 150.1 74.5 1,546.3 6,619.0 574.3 150.5 74.8 1,546.2 -3.7 -0.9 0.4 0.3 -0.1 447.0 51.8 31.6 828.9 1,085.0 1,809.5 380.4 54.2 44.0 854.8 1,045.0 1,762.0 464.4 54.5 39.4 854.1 1,079.3 1,769.8 469.8 54.2 35.1 857.6 1,112.9 1,793.8 429.0 51.8 28.7 826.7 1,102.0 1,775.6 440.0 54.3 35.4 855.9 1,104.2 1,781.9 449.2 54.5 34.3 855.9 1,111.6 1,771.1 450.9 54.2 34.2 856.5 1,113.3 1,764.1 1.7 -0.3 -0.1 0.6 1.7 -7.0 Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 580.5 591.6 592.2 591.7 579.8 590.4 593.3 591.6 -1.7 Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Motion picture and sound recording industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Publishing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Broadcasting and content providers. . . . . . . . . . . Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computing infrastructure providers, data processing, web hosting, and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Web search portals, libraries, archives, and other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,989 177.1 176.9 175.1 176.5 177.1 175.2 Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Monetary authorities-central bank. . . . . . . . . . . 9,244 6,743.2 22.5 9,309 6,770.8 23.3 9,259 6,743.9 23.2 9,275 6,753.2 23.1 9,223 6,738.8 22.5 9,251 6,747.9 23.0 See footnotes at end of table. 3,022 2,991 2,999 2,982 2,991 2,994 2,997 3 405.2 933.7 344.8 637.7 463.5 928.1 336.7 619.9 438.8 929.0 337.1 617.7 452.1 925.3 332.2 617.7 396.5 937.2 344.2 638.1 447.5 918.4 336.6 619.7 445.4 922.8 336.3 620.2 448.0 926.7 333.0 618.3 2.6 3.9 -3.3 -1.9 490.9 496.5 493.7 495.4 489.1 493.9 494.0 494.7 0.7 175.6 176.3 0.7 9,255 6,750.0 23.2 9,255 6,749.0 23.2 0 -1.0 0.0 ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail — Continued [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Industry Seasonally adjusted Oct. 2023 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024p Oct. 2024p Oct. 2023 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024p Oct. 2024p Change from: Sept.2024 Oct.2024p 2,609.9 1,785.1 1,377.6 533.1 291.7 2,581.2 1,774.7 1,362.5 526.6 279.9 2,570.3 1,766.4 1,355.5 525.6 278.3 2,571.5 1,768.4 1,355.5 523.9 279.2 2,614.6 1,790.4 1,382.6 533.2 291.0 2,577.5 1,770.9 1,359.5 525.6 281.1 2,576.5 1,773.0 1,360.6 524.6 278.9 2,577.1 1,773.9 1,360.5 524.2 279.0 0.6 0.9 -0.1 -0.4 0.1 1,114.8 2,996.0 2,500.3 1,878.5 598.5 1,130.3 3,036.0 2,538.2 1,906.6 607.7 1,122.2 3,028.2 2,514.8 1,891.9 599.1 1,126.1 3,032.5 2,521.3 1,906.6 590.6 1,112.4 2,989.3 2,484.5 1,863.4 597.9 1,119.8 3,027.6 2,502.7 1,890.2 588.8 1,123.0 3,027.3 2,504.6 1,892.3 588.4 1,122.8 3,025.9 2,505.9 1,892.9 589.0 -0.2 -1.4 1.3 0.6 0.6 Finance and insurance - Continued Credit intermediation and related activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . . Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . . Activities related to credit intermediation.. . Securities, commodity contracts, funds, trusts, and other financial vehicles, investments, and related activities. . . . . . . . Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . . Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . . Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets (except copyrighted works). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional, scientific, and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping, and payroll services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Architectural, engineering, and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Computer systems design and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management, scientific, and technical consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Scientific research and development services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Advertising, public relations, and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other professional, scientific, and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Management of companies and enterprises. . . Administrative and support and waste management and remediation services. . . . . Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . . Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Travel arrangement and reservation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Investigation and security services. . . . . . . . Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . . Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Waste management and remediation services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . Private educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Offices of other health practitioners. . . . . Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . . Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . See footnotes at end of table. 23.3 23.9 23.8 24.1 23.2 23.7 23.9 24.0 0.1 23,116 23,050 23,009 23,084 22,859 22,929 22,920 22,873 -47 10,908.2 1,190.6 11,024.6 1,176.1 10,942.0 1,172.2 11,040.9 1,188.4 10,888.0 1,185.0 11,022.4 1,180.8 11,032.2 1,181.8 11,030.7 1,183.6 -1.5 1.8 1,112.2 1,127.8 1,120.0 1,130.6 1,151.3 1,173.5 1,174.9 1,174.5 -0.4 1,680.9 156.2 1,733.8 153.1 1,711.2 152.6 1,720.1 154.9 1,670.6 155.3 1,706.9 152.9 1,707.1 152.6 1,710.6 153.5 3.5 0.9 2,522.6 2,557.2 2,529.1 2,553.9 2,510.0 2,546.7 2,548.1 2,543.5 -4.6 1,902.1 1,901.7 1,895.7 1,924.9 1,882.6 1,902.6 1,904.5 1,906.7 2.2 943.5 963.7 954.8 956.7 943.8 955.2 957.0 957.4 0.4 517.1 521.7 521.5 525.9 514.2 521.0 522.8 523.3 0.5 883.0 2,562.8 889.5 2,569.1 884.9 2,561.3 885.5 2,569.1 875.2 2,563.8 882.8 2,559.5 883.4 2,564.4 877.5 2,567.8 -5.9 3.4 9,644.9 9,138.8 635.2 172.7 3,716.3 2,935.4 737.5 9,456.7 8,929.5 633.6 187.0 3,435.5 2,651.5 689.3 9,506.1 8,980.3 632.1 185.6 3,517.3 2,729.7 690.8 9,474.2 8,950.1 636.7 184.4 3,500.0 2,712.4 691.1 9,407.5 8,906.0 630.2 170.9 3,567.6 2,799.4 731.0 9,346.8 8,826.7 630.5 183.4 3,454.5 2,673.2 694.7 9,322.9 8,802.1 631.2 184.5 3,433.5 2,653.0 689.8 9,274.5 8,753.0 632.0 184.2 3,382.0 2,604.5 684.9 -48.4 -49.1 0.8 -0.3 -51.5 -48.5 -4.9 196.0 1,011.6 2,321.8 347.7 197.5 1,026.5 2,413.2 346.9 196.1 1,029.3 2,380.2 348.9 196.3 1,034.7 2,359.2 347.7 194.6 1,006.8 2,263.7 341.2 194.9 1,024.2 2,300.5 344.0 194.8 1,023.2 2,301.0 344.2 194.9 1,030.1 2,302.3 342.6 0.1 6.9 1.3 -1.6 506.1 527.2 525.8 524.1 501.5 520.1 520.8 521.5 0.7 25,848 3,976.5 21,871.0 17,207.5 8,592.9 2,970.6 1,027.1 1,179.1 1,070.3 321.4 1,670.1 26,210 3,616.2 22,594.1 17,760.5 8,863.2 3,039.3 1,048.1 1,220.7 1,092.7 317.1 1,785.6 26,535 3,884.0 22,651.2 17,791.0 8,875.1 3,036.7 1,042.5 1,220.5 1,095.1 315.8 1,803.7 26,830 4,049.0 22,781.3 17,896.4 8,956.4 3,061.2 1,057.0 1,231.3 1,097.5 319.3 1,824.4 25,637 3,830.9 21,805.8 17,158.1 8,560.5 2,958.7 1,027.1 1,171.3 1,069.8 321.4 1,657.6 26,470 3,880.8 22,589.5 17,741.0 8,861.6 3,041.3 1,043.8 1,218.3 1,093.6 318.0 1,786.1 26,565 3,894.8 22,669.9 17,796.7 8,888.6 3,045.8 1,045.9 1,221.0 1,098.3 316.6 1,800.0 26,622 3,901.0 22,721.2 17,849.0 8,924.2 3,050.9 1,055.8 1,225.2 1,097.0 318.9 1,812.3 57 6.2 51.3 52.3 35.6 5.1 9.9 4.2 -1.3 2.3 12.3 ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail — Continued [In thousands] Not seasonally adjusted Industry Seasonally adjusted Change from: Sept.2024 Oct.2024p Oct. 2023 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024p Oct. 2024p Oct. 2023 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024p Oct. 2024p 354.3 5,413.1 3,201.5 1,440.9 359.7 5,588.0 3,309.3 1,480.1 360.8 5,607.7 3,308.2 1,480.1 365.7 5,621.9 3,318.1 1,481.1 354.6 5,399.1 3,198.5 1,437.3 360.6 5,585.8 3,293.6 1,471.1 361.1 5,601.9 3,306.2 1,475.5 364.1 5,609.8 3,315.0 1,477.2 3.0 7.9 8.8 1.7 646.7 673.7 676.5 679.2 646.0 671.9 676.4 678.7 2.3 955.9 158.0 4,663.5 3,101.7 988.9 166.6 4,833.6 3,278.1 984.6 167.0 4,860.2 3,280.4 990.6 167.2 4,884.9 3,294.3 957.6 157.7 4,647.7 3,093.5 985.0 165.6 4,848.5 3,269.1 987.8 166.6 4,873.2 3,290.3 992.1 167.0 4,872.2 3,286.8 4.3 0.4 -1.0 -3.5 223.1 285.0 1,053.7 230.7 290.2 1,034.6 230.4 288.6 1,060.8 232.5 289.0 1,069.1 223.8 283.6 1,046.7 231.8 289.0 1,058.6 232.2 289.6 1,061.1 233.0 288.6 1,063.7 0.8 -1.0 2.6 16,704 2,546.7 17,591 2,931.3 17,072 2,692.4 16,945 2,614.0 16,765 2,568.4 16,953 2,665.2 16,993 2,656.3 16,989 2,646.3 -4 -10.0 624.2 672.2 663.7 657.0 605.1 645.9 641.3 638.0 -3.3 176.6 188.9 179.5 179.3 176.3 177.9 177.5 178.2 0.7 1,745.9 14,157.0 1,899.7 12,257.3 2,070.2 14,659.7 2,045.6 12,614.1 1,849.2 14,379.2 1,960.3 12,418.9 1,777.7 14,330.9 1,926.2 12,404.7 1,787.0 14,197.0 1,911.1 12,285.9 1,841.4 14,287.6 1,922.0 12,365.6 1,837.5 14,336.6 1,931.7 12,404.9 1,830.1 14,343.0 1,934.4 12,408.6 -7.4 6.4 2.7 3.7 5,857 1,473.6 1,552.7 5,964 1,478.8 1,570.7 5,913 1,475.4 1,567.4 5,926 1,483.2 1,570.7 5,854 1,467.6 1,549.2 5,916 1,474.4 1,563.8 5,925 1,476.4 1,567.7 5,926 1,478.3 1,566.2 1 1.9 -1.5 Ambulatory health care services Continued Other ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . . Skilled nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . Residential intellectual and developmental disability, mental health, and substance abuse facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Continuing care retirement communities and assisted living facilities for the elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . . Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . . Community food and housing, and emergency and other relief services. . . . Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . . Child care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . . Performing arts, spectator sports, and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Museums, historical sites, and similar institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Amusement, gambling, and recreation industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . . Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . . 1 Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional, and similar organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2,830.5 2,914.5 2,870.6 2,872.2 2,837.0 2,877.8 2,880.8 2,881.0 0.2 Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . . 23,328 2,956 2,351.5 604.4 5,542 2,785.9 2,755.9 14,830 8,234.6 6,595.8 22,547 3,004 2,403.3 601.1 5,213 2,365.1 2,847.5 14,330 7,364.8 6,965.3 23,442 3,004 2,402.1 601.6 5,562 2,719.3 2,842.8 14,876 8,086.7 6,789.6 23,804 3,007 2,403.7 603.0 5,671 2,827.9 2,843.2 15,126 8,351.0 6,775.3 22,970 2,953 2,346.3 606.9 5,375 2,617.4 2,757.2 14,642 8,017.3 6,624.8 23,386 2,997 2,391.7 605.6 5,473 2,644.7 2,828.7 14,916 8,124.6 6,791.7 23,417 3,001 2,393.8 607.0 5,486 2,650.8 2,835.5 14,930 8,126.7 6,802.9 23,457 3,002 2,395.9 605.6 5,504 2,662.2 2,842.2 14,951 8,133.7 6,816.8 40 1 2.1 -1.4 18 11.4 6.7 21 7.0 13.9 Includes other industries, not shown separately. Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing. 3 Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. 2 ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Oct. 2023 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024p Oct. 2024p AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS Total private............................................................................ . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging............................................................... . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods............................................................. . Private service-providing........................................................... . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade..................................................................... . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities.......................................................................... . Information........................................................................ . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services.................................................................... . 34.3 39.9 44.8 39.2 40.0 40.5 39.3 33.3 33.8 38.6 29.8 38.3 42.0 36.3 37.3 36.4 33.3 25.6 32.2 34.3 39.8 44.6 39.0 40.1 40.5 39.3 33.2 33.9 39.3 29.7 38.0 42.5 36.5 37.5 36.4 33.1 25.3 32.2 34.3 39.8 44.6 39.2 40.0 40.5 39.2 33.2 33.9 39.2 29.7 38.0 42.6 36.5 37.6 36.3 33.0 25.4 32.3 34.3 39.7 44.9 39.0 39.9 40.3 39.2 33.2 34.0 39.2 29.9 37.9 42.8 36.6 37.5 36.3 33.1 25.5 32.3 AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS Manufacturing.......................................................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods.................................................................. . 2.9 3.0 2.7 3.0 3.0 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.9 Industry p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Oct. 2023 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024p Oct. 2024p Oct. 2023 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024p Oct. 2024p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing...................................... . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction......................................... . Manufacturing....................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities................ . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities.................................. . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality............................. . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $34.10 34.57 38.64 37.01 32.85 34.47 30.06 33.98 29.35 37.07 24.08 29.81 50.24 48.71 44.14 40.93 33.56 21.46 30.79 $35.22 35.97 39.70 38.39 34.25 36.23 30.83 35.05 30.09 37.75 24.56 30.75 51.58 50.38 45.83 42.49 34.38 22.17 31.69 $35.33 36.11 39.88 38.60 34.33 36.30 30.92 35.15 30.12 37.82 24.60 30.75 51.58 50.47 45.87 42.77 34.52 22.19 31.76 $35.46 36.21 39.98 38.72 34.42 36.43 30.97 35.29 30.26 37.94 24.76 30.90 51.96 51.19 46.10 43.01 34.55 22.23 31.90 $1,169.63 1,379.34 1,731.07 1,450.79 1,314.00 1,396.04 1,181.36 1,131.53 992.03 1,430.90 717.58 1,141.72 2,110.08 1,768.17 1,646.42 1,489.85 1,117.55 549.38 991.44 $1,208.05 1,431.61 1,770.62 1,497.21 1,373.43 1,467.32 1,211.62 1,163.66 1,020.05 1,483.58 729.43 1,168.50 2,192.15 1,838.87 1,718.63 1,546.64 1,137.98 560.90 1,020.42 $1,211.82 1,437.18 1,778.65 1,513.12 1,373.20 1,470.15 1,212.06 1,166.98 1,021.07 1,482.54 730.62 1,168.50 2,197.31 1,842.16 1,724.71 1,552.55 1,139.16 563.63 1,025.85 $1,216.28 1,437.54 1,795.10 1,510.08 1,373.36 1,468.13 1,214.02 1,171.63 1,028.84 1,487.25 740.32 1,171.11 2,223.89 1,873.55 1,728.75 1,561.26 1,143.61 566.87 1,030.37 p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted [2007=100] Index of aggregate weekly hours1 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2 Industry Oct. 2023 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024p Oct. 2024p Percent change from: Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods.......................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . Utilities................................... . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . Private education and health services.. . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115.3 98.4 90.7 109.3 93.0 92.3 94.8 120.3 106.7 104.6 94.7 144.1 105.4 98.9 112.7 130.2 139.4 122.5 108.7 116.6 99.0 89.0 111.2 93.2 92.4 94.6 121.4 107.6 107.2 94.6 144.5 108.6 99.7 113.6 130.6 143.1 122.4 109.8 116.7 99.1 89.3 112.2 93.0 92.3 94.3 121.5 107.7 107.0 94.7 144.6 109.4 99.8 114.0 130.2 143.1 123.2 110.3 116.7 98.7 90.0 111.7 92.4 91.3 94.4 121.6 108.0 107.2 95.3 144.1 109.5 100.2 113.7 129.9 143.9 123.6 110.4 0.0 -0.4 0.8 -0.4 -0.6 -1.1 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.2 0.6 -0.3 0.1 0.4 -0.3 -0.2 0.6 0.3 0.1 1 Oct. 2023 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024p Oct. 2024p Percent change from: Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024p 187.9 153.8 140.6 175.7 142.1 141.2 144.5 198.7 168.9 162.2 150.8 218.6 174.9 171.5 194.0 215.8 225.1 212.0 183.4 196.3 161.0 141.8 185.6 148.5 148.6 148.1 206.8 174.5 169.2 153.6 226.1 185.0 178.9 203.1 224.7 236.6 218.9 190.8 197.2 161.8 142.9 188.1 148.4 148.8 148.0 207.7 174.9 169.3 154.0 226.2 186.4 179.4 203.9 225.5 237.7 220.5 192.1 197.9 161.5 144.5 188.0 147.9 147.8 148.3 208.5 176.2 170.1 156.0 226.6 188.1 182.6 204.4 226.3 239.2 221.7 193.0 0.4 -0.2 1.1 -0.1 -0.3 -0.7 0.2 0.4 0.7 0.5 1.3 0.2 0.9 1.8 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.5 0.5 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. 2 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted Women employees (in thousands) Percent of all employees Industry Oct. 2023 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024p Oct. 2024p Oct. 2023 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024p Oct. 2024p Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods................................. . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities.......................................... . Information........................................ . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services.................................... . Government............................................ . 78,135 64,758 4,990 84 1,151 3,755 2,017 1,738 59,768 11,295 1,880.2 7,521.9 1,740.3 152.9 1,207 5,128 10,514 19,735 8,761 3,128 13,377 79,134 65,467 5,009 86 1,181 3,742 1,999 1,743 60,458 11,294 1,880.7 7,518.4 1,740.8 154.4 1,194 5,136 10,503 20,328 8,839 3,164 13,667 79,240 65,552 5,004 87 1,182 3,735 1,994 1,741 60,548 11,312 1,888.6 7,529.8 1,738.5 154.9 1,197 5,131 10,507 20,389 8,844 3,168 13,688 79,276 65,556 4,999 86 1,185 3,728 1,985 1,743 60,557 11,311 1,897.7 7,517.2 1,741.7 154.6 1,203 5,112 10,444 20,436 8,880 3,171 13,720 49.8 48.4 23.0 13.0 14.2 29.1 24.9 36.0 53.3 39.1 30.6 48.2 26.6 26.4 40.5 55.6 46.0 77.0 52.3 53.4 58.2 49.8 48.4 22.9 13.5 14.3 29.0 24.7 36.1 53.2 38.9 30.4 48.1 26.3 26.2 39.9 55.5 45.8 76.8 52.1 53.5 58.4 49.8 48.4 22.9 13.7 14.2 28.9 24.6 36.1 53.2 38.9 30.5 48.1 26.3 26.1 40.0 55.4 45.8 76.8 52.0 53.5 58.5 49.9 48.4 22.9 13.5 14.3 29.0 24.7 36.1 53.2 38.9 30.6 48.0 26.3 26.1 40.1 55.2 45.7 76.8 52.3 53.5 58.5 p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 [In thousands] Industry Oct. 2023 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024p Oct. 2024p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction......................................................................... . Manufacturing....................................................................... . Durable goods.................................................................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... . Wholesale trade.................................................................. . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing............................................... . Utilities............................................................................. . Information........................................................................... . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services.............................................. . Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services....................................................................... . 108,843 15,456 496 5,922 9,038 5,555 3,483 93,387 24,366 4,850.4 13,337.5 5,715.8 462.1 2,385 6,923 18,059 22,286 14,601 4,767 110,237 15,542 489 6,029 9,024 5,515 3,509 94,695 24,575 4,895.2 13,425.7 5,785.3 469.1 2,400 6,978 18,059 23,113 14,767 4,803 110,389 15,555 489 6,046 9,020 5,511 3,509 94,834 24,612 4,899.8 13,452.0 5,788.2 471.6 2,402 6,990 18,053 23,204 14,765 4,808 110,352 15,502 487 6,048 8,967 5,455 3,512 94,850 24,604 4,912.9 13,434.1 5,786.9 470.5 2,407 6,984 17,984 23,262 14,790 4,819 1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 Oct. 2023 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024p Oct. 2024p AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS Total private............................................................................ . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging............................................................... . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods............................................................. . Private service-providing........................................................... . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade..................................................................... . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities.......................................................................... . Information........................................................................ . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services.................................................................... . 33.8 40.6 47.9 39.8 40.7 40.9 40.4 32.6 33.9 38.6 30.3 37.7 42.2 36.1 36.6 36.2 32.5 24.2 31.2 33.7 40.6 46.9 39.8 40.7 41.0 40.3 32.6 34.0 39.1 30.3 37.6 42.6 35.5 37.1 36.4 32.2 24.0 31.3 33.8 40.7 46.9 40.1 40.8 41.0 40.3 32.6 34.1 39.1 30.4 37.8 42.8 35.4 37.2 36.3 32.2 24.1 31.4 33.7 40.6 47.5 39.9 40.6 40.9 40.2 32.6 34.2 39.3 30.5 37.6 43.6 35.4 37.1 36.3 32.2 24.0 31.3 AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS Manufacturing.......................................................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods.................................................................. . 3.5 3.6 3.3 3.6 3.6 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.7 3.6 3.5 3.7 Industry 1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Oct. 2023 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024p Oct. 2024p Oct. 2023 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024p Oct. 2024p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing...................................... . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction......................................... . Manufacturing....................................... . Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities................ . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities.................................. . Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . Leisure and hospitality............................. . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $29.29 29.97 34.86 34.67 26.65 27.84 24.73 29.15 25.49 30.60 20.63 28.41 44.80 40.08 34.45 34.55 30.71 19.14 26.63 $30.26 31.26 36.36 35.81 27.97 29.50 25.53 30.05 26.08 31.33 20.96 29.26 45.37 40.85 35.99 35.87 31.57 19.66 27.37 $30.36 31.45 36.46 36.02 28.12 29.64 25.68 30.13 26.05 31.33 20.93 29.21 45.22 40.89 36.17 36.09 31.67 19.70 27.52 $30.48 31.58 36.45 36.23 28.19 29.71 25.79 30.25 26.15 31.46 20.96 29.34 46.04 41.52 36.30 36.29 31.71 19.76 27.67 $990.00 1,216.78 1,669.79 1,379.87 1,084.66 1,138.66 999.09 950.29 864.11 1,181.16 625.09 1,071.06 1,890.56 1,446.89 1,260.87 1,250.71 998.08 463.19 830.86 $1,019.76 1,269.16 1,705.28 1,425.24 1,138.38 1,209.50 1,028.86 979.63 886.72 1,225.00 635.09 1,100.18 1,932.76 1,450.18 1,335.23 1,305.67 1,016.55 471.84 856.68 $1,026.17 1,280.02 1,709.97 1,444.40 1,147.30 1,215.24 1,034.90 982.24 888.31 1,225.00 636.27 1,104.14 1,935.42 1,447.51 1,345.52 1,310.07 1,019.77 474.77 864.13 $1,027.18 1,282.15 1,731.38 1,445.58 1,144.51 1,215.14 1,036.76 986.15 894.33 1,236.38 639.28 1,103.18 2,007.34 1,469.81 1,346.73 1,317.33 1,021.06 474.24 866.07 1 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors. ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1 [2002=100] Index of aggregate weekly hours2 Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3 Industry Oct. 2023 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024p Oct. 2024p Percent change from: Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024p Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Durable goods.......................... . Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . Utilities................................... . Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Professional and business services. . . . . Private education and health services.. . Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 122.6 95.9 126.3 118.0 84.4 85.4 82.9 129.7 115.6 111.1 102.5 163.1 99.7 98.3 119.3 145.9 154.4 129.4 104.3 123.8 96.4 121.9 120.1 84.3 84.9 83.3 131.5 117.0 113.6 103.1 164.6 102.2 97.2 121.8 146.7 158.7 129.8 105.4 124.3 96.7 121.9 121.4 84.5 84.9 83.3 131.7 117.5 113.7 103.7 165.6 103.2 97.1 122.4 146.3 159.3 130.3 105.9 123.9 96.2 122.9 120.8 83.6 83.8 83.2 131.7 117.8 114.6 103.9 164.7 104.9 97.3 121.9 145.7 159.7 130.0 105.8 -0.3 -0.5 0.8 -0.5 -1.1 -1.3 -0.1 0.0 0.3 0.8 0.2 -0.5 1.6 0.2 -0.4 -0.4 0.3 -0.2 -0.1 1 Oct. 2023 Aug. 2024 Sept. 2024p Oct. 2024p Percent change from: Sept. 2024 Oct. 2024p 240.0 176.0 256.0 220.9 147.2 148.3 144.9 259.4 210.6 200.7 181.3 294.9 186.5 195.0 252.8 299.9 313.0 281.3 202.4 250.4 184.6 257.7 232.3 154.2 156.4 150.3 271.1 218.0 210.0 185.4 306.6 193.5 196.7 269.8 313.1 330.6 289.8 210.3 252.3 186.3 258.4 236.1 155.4 157.1 151.2 272.2 218.7 210.2 186.1 307.9 194.8 196.5 272.3 314.0 333.0 291.6 212.3 252.5 186.0 260.6 236.4 154.1 155.5 151.6 273.4 220.1 212.8 186.7 307.5 201.6 199.9 272.3 314.6 334.3 291.8 213.3 0.1 -0.2 0.9 0.1 -0.8 -1.0 0.3 0.4 0.6 1.2 0.3 -0.1 3.5 1.7 0.0 0.2 0.4 0.1 0.5 Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm payrolls. 2 The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment. 3 The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly earnings, average weekly hours, and employment. p Preliminary NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2023 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.