Full text of The Employment Situation : October 2018

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Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (EDT) Friday, November 2, 2018

USDL-18-1739

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — OCTOBER 2018
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 250,000 in October, and the unemployment rate was
unchanged at 3.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in
health care, in manufacturing, in construction, and in transportation and warehousing.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
October 2016 – October 2018

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change,
seasonally adjusted, October 2016 – October 2018

Percent

Thousands

6.0

400
350

5.5

300

5.0

250
200

4.5

150

4.0

100
50

3.5

0

3.0
Oct-16

-50
Jan-17

Apr-17

Jul-17

Oct-17

Jan-18

Apr-18

Jul-18

Oct-18

Oct-16

Jan-17

Apr-17

Jul-17

Oct-17

Jan-18

Apr-18

Jul-18

Oct-18

Hurricane Michael
Hurricane Michael made landfall in the Florida Panhandle on October 10, 2018, during the reference
periods for both the establishment and household surveys. Hurricane Michael had no discernible effect
on the national employment and unemployment estimates for October, and response rates for the two
surveys were within normal ranges. For information on how severe weather can affect employment and
hours data, see Question 8 in the Frequently Asked Questions section of this news release.
BLS will release the state estimates of employment and unemployment on November 16, 2018, at 10:00
a.m. (EST).

Household Survey Data
The unemployment rate remained at 3.7 percent in October, and the number of unemployed persons
was little changed at 6.1 million. Over the year, the unemployment rate and the number of unemployed
persons declined by 0.4 percentage point and 449,000, respectively. (See table A-1.)
Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rates for adult men (3.5 percent), adult women
(3.4 percent), teenagers (11.9 percent), Whites (3.3 percent), Blacks (6.2 percent), Asians (3.2 percent),
and Hispanics (4.4 percent) showed little or no change in October. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
The number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) was essentially unchanged
at 1.4 million in October and accounted for 22.5 percent of the unemployed. (See table A-12.)
The labor force participation rate increased by 0.2 percentage point to 62.9 percent in October but has
shown little change over the year. The employment-population ratio edged up by 0.2 percentage point
to 60.6 percent in October and has increased by 0.4 percentage point over the year. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons (sometimes referred to as
involuntary part-time workers) was essentially unchanged at 4.6 million in October. These individuals,
who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part time because their hours had been
reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)
In October, 1.5 million persons were marginally attached to the labor force, little changed from a year
earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) These individuals were not in the labor force, wanted and
were available for work, and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not
counted as unemployed because they had not searched for work in the 4 weeks preceding the survey.
(See table A-16.)
Among the marginally attached, there were 506,000 discouraged workers in October, about unchanged
from a year earlier. (Data are not seasonally adjusted.) Discouraged workers are persons not currently
looking for work because they believe no jobs are available for them. The remaining 984,000 persons
marginally attached to the labor force in October had not searched for work for reasons such as school
attendance or family responsibilities. (See table A-16.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 250,000 in October, following an average monthly
gain of 211,000 over the prior 12 months. In October, job growth occurred in health care, in
manufacturing, in construction, and in transportation and warehousing. (See table B-1.)
Health care added 36,000 jobs in October. Within the industry, employment growth occurred in
hospitals (+13,000) and in nursing and residential care facilities (+8,000). Employment in ambulatory
health care services continued to trend up (+14,000). Over the past 12 months, health care employment
grew by 323,000.
In October, employment in manufacturing increased by 32,000. Most of the increase occurred in
durable goods manufacturing, with a gain in transportation equipment (+10,000). Manufacturing has
added 296,000 jobs over the year, largely in durable goods industries.

-2-

Construction employment rose by 30,000 in October, with nearly half of the gain occurring among
residential specialty trade contractors (+14,000). Over the year, construction has added 330,000 jobs.
Transportation and warehousing added 25,000 jobs in October. Within the industry, employment
growth occurred in couriers and messengers (+8,000) and in warehousing and storage (+8,000). Over the
year, employment in transportation and warehousing has increased by 184,000.
Employment in leisure and hospitality edged up in October (+42,000). Employment was unchanged in
September, likely reflecting the impact of Hurricane Florence. The average gain for the 2 months
combined (+21,000) was the same as the average monthly gain in the industry for the 12-month period
prior to September.
In October, employment in professional and business services continued to trend up (+35,000). Over
the year, the industry has added 516,000 jobs.
Employment in mining also continued to trend up over the month (+5,000). The industry has added
65,000 jobs over the year, with most of the gain in support activities for mining.
Employment in other major industries—including wholesale trade, retail trade, information,
financial activities, and government—showed little change over the month.
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls increased by 0.1 hour to 34.5
hours in October. In manufacturing, the workweek edged down by 0.1 hour to 40.8 hours, and overtime
was unchanged at 3.5 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls, at 33.7 hours, was unchanged over the month. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
In October, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 5 cents to
$27.30. Over the year, average hourly earnings have increased by 83 cents, or 3.1 percent. Average
hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory employees increased by 7 cents to
$22.89 in October. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for September was revised down from +134,000 to
+118,000, and the change for August was revised up from +270,000 to +286,000. The downward
revision in September offset the upward revision in August. (Monthly revisions result from additional
reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last published estimates and from
the recalculation of seasonal factors.) After revisions, job gains have averaged 218,000 over the past 3
months.
_____________
The Employment Situation for November is scheduled to be released on Friday, December 7,
2018, at 8:30 a.m. (EST).

-3-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

Change from:
Sept. 2018Oct. 2018

Oct.
2018

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

255,766
160,371
62.7
153,846
60.2
6,524
4.1
95,395

258,066
161,776
62.7
155,542
60.3
6,234
3.9
96,290

258,290
161,926
62.7
155,962
60.4
5,964
3.7
96,364

258,514
162,637
62.9
156,562
60.6
6,075
3.7
95,877

224
711
0.2
600
0.2
111
0.0
-487

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

4.1
3.8
3.6
13.7
3.5
7.3
3.0
4.8

3.9
3.5
3.6
12.8
3.4
6.3
3.0
4.7

3.7
3.4
3.3
12.8
3.3
6.0
3.5
4.5

3.7
3.5
3.4
11.9
3.3
6.2
3.2
4.4

0.0
0.1
0.1
-0.9
0.0
0.2
-0.3
-0.1

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

3.3
6.1
4.3
3.6
2.0

3.2
5.7
3.9
3.5
2.1

3.0
5.5
3.7
3.2
2.0

3.1
6.0
4.0
3.0
2.0

0.1
0.5
0.3
-0.2
0.0

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

3,214
731
2,001
626

2,875
862
1,846
584

2,796
730
1,877
586

2,850
726
1,906
606

54
-4
29
20

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,128
1,943
856
1,645

2,208
1,720
923
1,332

2,065
1,720
861
1,384

2,057
1,821
856
1,373

-8
101
-5
-11

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

4,880
2,960
1,615
20,897

4,379
2,551
1,365
21,781

4,642
2,782
1,447
21,464

4,621
2,816
1,436
21,512

-21
34
-11
48

Persons not in the labor force (not seasonally adjusted)
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

1,535
524

1,443
434

1,577
383

1,491
506

–
–

- Over-the-month changes are not displayed for not seasonally adjusted data.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018p

Oct.
2018p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

271
277
38
1
17
20
10
-1.6
10
239
7.5
6.5
13.7
0.0
0
9
60
19.8
15
35.7
110
17
-6

286
267
49
7
31
11
11
2.7
0
218
20.6
9.1
23.1
0.9
-4
9
54
10.8
67
52.5
30
8
19

118
121
42
4
20
18
14
1.0
4
79
3.3
-32.4
20.8
0.1
-4
15
46
7.6
26
34.9
0
4
-3

250
246
67
5
30
32
21
6.8
11
179
9.1
2.4
24.8
1.2
7
7
35
3.3
44
46.7
42
7
4

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

169
167

220
199

190
175

218
211

Category

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (258 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (76 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

49.5
48.1
82.4

49.7
48.3
82.4

49.7
48.3
82.4

49.7
48.3
82.4

34.4
$26.47
$910.57
107.8
0.5
136.5
0.4

34.5
$27.17
$937.37
110.0
0.3
142.8
0.6

34.4
$27.25
$937.40
109.7
-0.3
143.0
0.1

34.5
$27.30
$941.85
110.3
0.5
143.9
0.6

63.2
63.8

64.5
56.6

60.7
65.1

65.7
62.5

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
100,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 500,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/ces/cesrevinfo.htm.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit https://www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
https://www.bls.gov/opub/btn/volume-3/how-frequently-do-private-businesses-pay-workers.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit https://data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 149,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 651,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll employees.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime
during the 4-week period ending with the reference week.
Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The
unemployment data derived from the household survey in no
way depend upon the eligibility for or receipt of
unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
https://www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted
in each job they hold. Hours and earnings data are produced
for the private sector for all employees and for production
and
nonsupervisory employees.
Production and
nonsupervisory employees are defined as production and
related employees in manufacturing and mining and logging,
construction workers in construction, and non-supervisory
employees in private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment’s principal activity in accordance with the
2017 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at https://www.bls.gov/ces/.
Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:
•

The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

•

The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

•

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.

•

The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is

surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 115,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -65,000 to +165,000
(50,000 +/- 115,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely
basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based

estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to

universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.3 percent, with a range from
-0.7 percent to 0.6 percent.
Other information
Information in this release will be made available to
sensory impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone:
(202) 691-5200; Federal Relay Service: (800) 877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Oct.
2017

Sept.
2018

Oct.
2018

Oct.
2017

June
2018

July
2018

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

Oct.
2018

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

255,766
160,465
62.7
154,223
60.3
6,242
3.9
95,301
4,938

258,290
161,958
62.7
156,191
60.5
5,766
3.6
96,332
5,070

258,514
162,723
62.9
156,952
60.7
5,771
3.5
95,792
5,048

255,766
160,371
62.7
153,846
60.2
6,524
4.1
95,395
5,232

257,642
162,140
62.9
155,576
60.4
6,564
4.0
95,502
5,258

257,843
162,245
62.9
155,965
60.5
6,280
3.9
95,598
5,163

258,066
161,776
62.7
155,542
60.3
6,234
3.9
96,290
5,389

258,290
161,926
62.7
155,962
60.4
5,964
3.7
96,364
5,237

258,514
162,637
62.9
156,562
60.6
6,075
3.7
95,877
5,309

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

123,617
85,236
69.0
81,875
66.2
3,362
3.9
38,380

124,928
85,815
68.7
82,814
66.3
3,002
3.5
39,113

125,041
86,081
68.8
83,052
66.4
3,029
3.5
38,960

123,617
85,247
69.0
81,667
66.1
3,580
4.2
38,370

124,604
86,056
69.1
82,522
66.2
3,534
4.1
38,548

124,704
85,950
68.9
82,684
66.3
3,266
3.8
38,754

124,816
85,854
68.8
82,545
66.1
3,309
3.9
38,962

124,928
85,856
68.7
82,645
66.2
3,211
3.7
39,072

125,041
86,146
68.9
82,903
66.3
3,243
3.8
38,895

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

115,120
82,455
71.6
79,530
69.1
2,925
3.5
32,665

116,437
83,115
71.4
80,458
69.1
2,658
3.2
33,322

116,546
83,332
71.5
80,637
69.2
2,694
3.2
33,215

115,120
82,366
71.5
79,248
68.8
3,118
3.8
32,755

116,115
83,115
71.6
80,013
68.9
3,102
3.7
33,001

116,220
83,058
71.5
80,240
69.0
2,818
3.4
33,162

116,328
83,030
71.4
80,134
68.9
2,895
3.5
33,298

116,437
83,063
71.3
80,225
68.9
2,837
3.4
33,374

116,546
83,286
71.5
80,405
69.0
2,881
3.5
33,260

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

132,149
75,228
56.9
72,348
54.7
2,880
3.8
56,921

133,362
76,142
57.1
73,378
55.0
2,765
3.6
57,220

133,474
76,642
57.4
73,900
55.4
2,742
3.6
56,832

132,149
75,124
56.8
72,179
54.6
2,945
3.9
57,026

133,038
76,084
57.2
73,054
54.9
3,030
4.0
56,954

133,139
76,295
57.3
73,281
55.0
3,013
3.9
56,844

133,250
75,922
57.0
72,997
54.8
2,925
3.9
57,328

133,362
76,070
57.0
73,317
55.0
2,753
3.6
57,292

133,474
76,491
57.3
73,659
55.2
2,832
3.7
56,983

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

123,882
72,443
58.5
69,872
56.4
2,571
3.5
51,440

125,091
73,280
58.6
70,858
56.6
2,422
3.3
51,811

125,200
73,683
58.9
71,270
56.9
2,412
3.3
51,517

123,882
72,187
58.3
69,576
56.2
2,611
3.6
51,696

124,771
73,139
58.6
70,419
56.4
2,720
3.7
51,633

124,875
73,285
58.7
70,598
56.5
2,687
3.7
51,590

124,983
73,154
58.5
70,529
56.4
2,625
3.6
51,829

125,091
73,039
58.4
70,656
56.5
2,383
3.3
52,052

125,200
73,391
58.6
70,909
56.6
2,482
3.4
51,809

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

16,763
5,567
33.2
4,821
28.8
746
13.4
11,196

16,762
5,562
33.2
4,876
29.1
686
12.3
11,199

16,768
5,708
34.0
5,045
30.1
664
11.6
11,060

16,763
5,818
34.7
5,022
30.0
796
13.7
10,945

16,755
5,886
35.1
5,144
30.7
743
12.6
10,869

16,748
5,902
35.2
5,127
30.6
775
13.1
10,846

16,755
5,592
33.4
4,879
29.1
714
12.8
11,163

16,762
5,824
34.7
5,081
30.3
743
12.8
10,938

16,768
5,960
35.5
5,248
31.3
712
11.9
10,808

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Oct.
2017

Sept.
2018

Oct.
2018

Oct.
2017

June
2018

July
2018

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

Oct.
2018

199,298
124,777
62.6
120,692
60.6
4,085
3.3
74,520

200,476
125,413
62.6
121,500
60.6
3,913
3.1
75,063

200,596
126,018
62.8
122,170
60.9
3,848
3.1
74,578

199,298
124,757
62.6
120,400
60.4
4,356
3.5
74,541

200,132
125,784
62.9
121,347
60.6
4,437
3.5
74,348

200,236
125,720
62.8
121,506
60.7
4,214
3.4
74,517

200,356
125,306
62.5
121,027
60.4
4,279
3.4
75,049

200,476
125,483
62.6
121,398
60.6
4,085
3.3
74,993

200,596
126,027
62.8
121,904
60.8
4,123
3.3
74,569

65,318
71.7
63,380
69.6
1,937
3.0

65,625
71.5
63,796
69.5
1,829
2.8

65,737
71.6
63,933
69.6
1,803
2.7

65,244
71.6
63,155
69.3
2,090
3.2

65,855
71.9
63,695
69.5
2,159
3.3

65,614
71.6
63,690
69.5
1,924
2.9

65,505
71.4
63,486
69.2
2,019
3.1

65,611
71.5
63,629
69.3
1,982
3.0

65,724
71.5
63,760
69.4
1,964
3.0

55,149
57.5
53,515
55.8
1,635
3.0

55,404
57.5
53,811
55.8
1,594
2.9

55,941
58.0
54,325
56.3
1,615
2.9

55,014
57.4
53,298
55.6
1,715
3.1

55,420
57.6
53,608
55.7
1,812
3.3

55,534
57.7
53,746
55.8
1,787
3.2

55,351
57.5
53,592
55.6
1,759
3.2

55,297
57.4
53,722
55.7
1,575
2.8

55,752
57.8
54,067
56.1
1,685
3.0

4,310
34.9
3,798
30.8
513
11.9

4,383
35.6
3,893
31.6
490
11.2

4,341
35.3
3,911
31.8
429
9.9

4,499
36.5
3,947
32.0
552
12.3

4,510
36.6
4,044
32.8
466
10.3

4,572
37.2
4,069
33.1
502
11.0

4,450
36.2
3,949
32.1
501
11.3

4,574
37.2
4,046
32.9
528
11.5

4,552
37.0
4,078
33.1
474
10.4

32,370
20,264
62.6
18,744
57.9
1,520
7.5
12,106

32,848
20,484
62.4
19,295
58.7
1,189
5.8
12,365

32,887
20,706
63.0
19,397
59.0
1,309
6.3
12,181

32,370
20,134
62.2
18,654
57.6
1,479
7.3
12,236

32,737
20,364
62.2
19,045
58.2
1,319
6.5
12,373

32,771
20,495
62.5
19,144
58.4
1,351
6.6
12,276

32,810
20,404
62.2
19,114
58.3
1,289
6.3
12,406

32,848
20,513
62.4
19,272
58.7
1,240
6.0
12,336

32,887
20,590
62.6
19,310
58.7
1,280
6.2
12,297

9,276
68.6
8,580
63.4
696
7.5

9,369
68.0
8,842
64.2
526
5.6

9,477
68.7
8,862
64.3
615
6.5

9,218
68.2
8,539
63.1
679
7.4

9,162
66.8
8,573
62.5
589
6.4

9,320
67.9
8,751
63.7
569
6.1

9,407
68.4
8,841
64.3
566
6.0

9,359
68.0
8,813
64.0
546
5.8

9,426
68.4
8,836
64.1
590
6.3

10,291
63.0
9,609
58.8
682
6.6

10,421
62.8
9,892
59.6
529
5.1

10,415
62.7
9,892
59.6
523
5.0

10,204
62.5
9,560
58.5
644
6.3

10,406
63.0
9,838
59.5
568
5.5

10,426
63.0
9,793
59.2
633
6.1

10,361
62.5
9,766
59.0
595
5.7

10,427
62.9
9,874
59.5
554
5.3

10,337
62.3
9,834
59.2
503
4.9

697
27.8
555
22.1
142
20.4

694
27.8
560
22.5
134
19.3

815
32.7
643
25.8
172
21.1

712
28.4
555
22.1
157
22.0

796
31.9
635
25.4
162
20.3

750
30.0
600
24.1
149
19.9

635
25.5
508
20.3
128
20.1

726
29.1
585
23.5
140
19.3

827
33.2
640
25.7
187
22.6

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Oct.
2017
15,466
9,794
63.3
9,507
61.5
288
2.9
5,671

Sept.
2018
16,011
10,289
64.3
9,933
62.0
356
3.5
5,722

Oct.
2018
16,030
10,213
63.7
9,899
61.8
314
3.1
5,817

Oct.
2017
15,466
9,864
63.8
9,565
61.8
299
3.0
5,602

June
2018
15,934
10,140
63.6
9,817
61.6
322
3.2
5,794

July
2018
15,922
10,153
63.8
9,838
61.8
314
3.1
5,769

Aug.
2018
16,093
10,259
63.7
9,950
61.8
309
3.0
5,834

Sept.
2018
16,011
10,300
64.3
9,938
62.1
362
3.5
5,712

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

Oct.
2018
16,030
10,284
64.2
9,959
62.1
324
3.2
5,746

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Oct.
2017

Sept.
2018

Oct.
2018

Oct.
2017

June
2018

July
2018

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

Oct.
2018

41,665
27,328
65.6
26,077
62.6
1,250
4.6
14,337

42,959
28,316
65.9
27,105
63.1
1,211
4.3
14,642

43,054
28,512
66.2
27,343
63.5
1,169
4.1
14,542

41,665
27,319
65.6
25,999
62.4
1,321
4.8
14,346

42,679
28,369
66.5
27,077
63.4
1,292
4.6
14,310

42,767
28,495
66.6
27,223
63.7
1,273
4.5
14,272

42,863
28,242
65.9
26,927
62.8
1,315
4.7
14,621

42,959
28,346
66.0
27,059
63.0
1,287
4.5
14,613

43,054
28,500
66.2
27,252
63.3
1,248
4.4
14,554

14,987
79.9
14,459
77.1
528
3.5

15,414
79.5
14,888
76.8
526
3.4

15,442
79.4
14,898
76.6
544
3.5

14,959
79.7
14,380
76.7
579
3.9

15,557
80.8
14,961
77.7
596
3.8

15,519
80.4
15,017
77.8
502
3.2

15,421
79.7
14,849
76.7
572
3.7

15,416
79.5
14,822
76.4
594
3.9

15,440
79.4
14,844
76.4
596
3.9

11,158
58.6
10,639
55.9
519
4.6

11,682
59.6
11,175
57.0
507
4.3

11,778
59.9
11,305
57.5
472
4.0

11,146
58.5
10,601
55.7
546
4.9

11,626
59.7
11,065
56.8
561
4.8

11,684
59.8
11,131
57.0
553
4.7

11,593
59.2
11,009
56.3
584
5.0

11,673
59.5
11,172
57.0
501
4.3

11,756
59.8
11,255
57.3
501
4.3

1,184
30.6
980
25.3
204
17.2

1,220
30.9
1,042
26.3
179
14.6

1,293
32.6
1,140
28.8
152
11.8

1,214
31.4
1,018
26.3
196
16.1

1,186
30.2
1,051
26.7
135
11.4

1,292
32.8
1,075
27.3
218
16.8

1,228
31.1
1,068
27.1
160
13.0

1,257
31.8
1,065
26.9
192
15.3

1,304
32.9
1,153
29.1
151
11.6

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Seasonally adjusted

Oct.
2017

Sept.
2018

Oct.
2018

Oct.
2017

June
2018

July
2018

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

Oct.
2018

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

10,141
45.3
9,624
43.0
516
5.1

10,273
46.4
9,773
44.2
499
4.9

10,078
46.9
9,567
44.5
510
5.1

10,328
46.2
9,699
43.4
629
6.1

10,508
45.9
9,926
43.4
582
5.5

10,212
46.9
9,695
44.5
517
5.1

10,311
46.3
9,728
43.7
583
5.7

10,189
46.0
9,626
43.5
563
5.5

10,262
47.7
9,651
44.9
611
6.0

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,788
57.2
34,358
54.9
1,431
4.0

36,540
58.0
35,268
56.0
1,272
3.5

36,254
57.8
34,879
55.6
1,375
3.8

35,572
56.9
34,050
54.4
1,522
4.3

36,050
57.9
34,549
55.5
1,501
4.2

36,534
57.9
35,056
55.5
1,478
4.0

36,121
57.3
34,699
55.0
1,422
3.9

36,224
57.5
34,873
55.3
1,351
3.7

36,092
57.6
34,638
55.3
1,454
4.0

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37,987
66.2
36,636
63.8
1,351
3.6

37,364
65.2
36,204
63.1
1,160
3.1

37,808
65.7
36,706
63.8
1,102
2.9

37,761
65.8
36,385
63.4
1,376
3.6

37,863
65.3
36,602
63.2
1,261
3.3

37,531
65.4
36,340
63.3
1,191
3.2

37,300
65.6
35,987
63.3
1,313
3.5

37,423
65.3
36,239
63.2
1,184
3.2

37,598
65.3
36,462
63.4
1,136
3.0

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

55,728
73.9
54,604
72.4
1,124
2.0

57,279
73.6
56,160
72.2
1,120
2.0

58,022
73.6
56,890
72.2
1,132
2.0

55,612
73.8
54,477
72.3
1,135
2.0

56,613
74.0
55,296
72.2
1,317
2.3

56,940
73.4
55,672
71.8
1,268
2.2

57,638
74.0
56,452
72.5
1,186
2.1

57,258
73.6
56,124
72.1
1,134
2.0

57,856
73.4
56,700
71.9
1,156
2.0

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Oct.
2017

Men
Oct.
2018

Oct.
2017

Women
Oct.
2018

Oct.
2017

Oct.
2018

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,493
10,184
49.7
9,906
48.3
278
2.7
10,309

19,090
9,369
49.1
9,100
47.7
269
2.9
9,721

18,457
8,958
48.5
8,705
47.2
253
2.8
9,499

17,218
8,255
47.9
8,019
46.6
236
2.9
8,963

2,036
1,227
60.2
1,201
59.0
26
2.1
809

1,872
1,114
59.5
1,081
57.7
33
3.0
758

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,161
3,316
79.7
3,196
76.8
120
3.6
845

4,141
3,384
81.7
3,279
79.2
105
3.1
757

3,421
2,816
82.3
2,713
79.3
104
3.7
605

3,405
2,861
84.0
2,770
81.3
91
3.2
545

740
500
67.5
483
65.3
16
3.3
241

736
523
71.1
509
69.2
14
2.7
213

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,365
2,618
77.8
2,570
76.4
49
1.9
746

3,147
2,450
77.9
2,383
75.7
67
2.7
697

2,863
2,253
78.7
2,214
77.3
40
1.8
610

2,677
2,109
78.8
2,047
76.5
61
2.9
568

502
365
72.7
356
70.9
9
2.5
137

470
341
72.6
336
71.4
5
1.6
129

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,964
1,779
22.3
1,730
21.7
50
2.8
6,185

7,502
1,545
20.6
1,498
20.0
47
3.0
5,957

7,676
1,708
22.3
1,659
21.6
50
2.9
5,968

7,246
1,491
20.6
1,447
20.0
44
3.0
5,755

288
71
24.6
71
24.6
0
–
217

256
54
21.2
52
20.2
3
–
202

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,003
2,471
49.4
2,411
48.2
60
2.4
2,532

4,300
1,990
46.3
1,940
45.1
50
2.5
2,310

4,497
2,179
48.5
2,120
47.2
59
2.7
2,318

3,890
1,795
46.1
1,755
45.1
39
2.2
2,095

506
291
57.5
291
57.5
0
0.1
215

410
195
47.6
184
45.0
11
5.6
215

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

225,807
148,074
65.6
142,414
63.1
5,660
3.8
77,734

230,542
151,214
65.6
145,912
63.3
5,302
3.5
79,328

100,389
75,253
75.0
72,312
72.0
2,941
3.9
25,136

103,266
76,864
74.4
74,170
71.8
2,694
3.5
26,402

125,418
72,821
58.1
70,101
55.9
2,719
3.7
52,598

127,276
74,351
58.4
71,743
56.4
2,608
3.5
52,925

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Oct.
2017

Oct.
2018

Persons with no disability
Oct.
2017

Oct.
2018

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

30,255
6,360
21.0
5,877
19.4
482
7.6
23,895

30,145
6,468
21.5
5,987
19.9
480
7.4
23,677

225,511
154,105
68.3
148,346
65.8
5,760
3.7
71,406

228,370
156,255
68.4
150,965
66.1
5,290
3.4
72,114

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,805
36.5
2,588
33.7
217
7.8
4,872

2,740
36.4
2,520
33.5
221
8.1
4,790

77,085
82.4
74,130
79.2
2,955
3.8
16,478

77,736
82.4
75,067
79.6
2,669
3.4
16,560

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

2,347
30.2
2,133
27.4
214
9.1
5,433

2,511
32.0
2,304
29.4
207
8.2
5,329

68,608
71.0
66,080
68.3
2,528
3.7
28,086

69,508
71.6
67,136
69.2
2,372
3.4
27,560

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,208
8.2
1,156
7.8
51
4.2
13,590

1,216
8.2
1,163
7.9
53
4.3
13,559

8,412
23.9
8,136
23.1
276
3.3
26,841

9,011
24.4
8,762
23.7
249
2.8
27,994

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Oct.
2017

Men
Oct.
2018

Oct.
2017

Women
Oct.
2018

Oct.
2017

Oct.
2018

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

41,668
27,374
65.7
26,343
63.2
1,031
3.8
14,294

43,051
28,410
66.0
27,533
64.0
877
3.1
14,641

20,191
15,774
78.1
15,296
75.8
477
3.0
4,417

20,795
16,198
77.9
15,763
75.8
436
2.7
4,597

21,476
11,600
54.0
11,046
51.4
554
4.8
9,877

22,256
12,212
54.9
11,770
52.9
441
3.6
10,044

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

214,099
133,091
62.2
127,880
59.7
5,211
3.9
81,007

215,463
134,313
62.3
129,419
60.1
4,894
3.6
81,150

103,426
69,463
67.2
66,578
64.4
2,884
4.2
33,963

104,245
69,882
67.0
67,290
64.5
2,593
3.7
34,363

110,673
63,629
57.5
61,302
55.4
2,327
3.7
47,044

111,218
64,431
57.9
62,130
55.9
2,301
3.6
46,787

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

Oct.
2017

Sept.
2018

Oct.
2018

Oct.
2017

June
2018

July
2018

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

Oct.
2018

2,559
1,814
721
24
151,664
142,564
20,753
121,811
571
121,240
9,067
33

2,555
1,726
806
23
153,636
144,570
20,674
123,896
741
123,154
8,970
96

2,484
1,771
692
21
154,468
145,325
21,187
124,139
769
123,370
9,055
88

2,471
1,707
749
–
151,334
142,294
20,755
121,578
–
121,012
8,956
–

2,350
1,567
736
–
153,309
144,524
20,986
123,478
–
122,757
8,728
–

2,498
1,658
783
–
153,473
144,447
20,900
123,541
–
122,772
8,880
–

2,345
1,528
772
–
153,262
144,276
20,791
123,513
–
122,749
8,861
–

2,474
1,640
812
–
153,474
144,389
20,743
123,634
–
122,842
8,959
–

2,406
1,658
731
–
154,152
145,109
21,212
123,968
–
123,167
8,943
–

4,553
2,762
1,609
21,395

4,306
2,606
1,464
21,475

4,246
2,600
1,433
21,979

4,880
2,960
1,615
20,897

4,743
3,042
1,447
21,304

4,567
2,877
1,431
21,532

4,379
2,551
1,365
21,781

4,642
2,782
1,447
21,464

4,621
2,816
1,436
21,512

4,496
2,734
1,594
21,034

4,238
2,572
1,459
21,077

4,169
2,541
1,428
21,616

4,799
2,944
1,600
20,552

4,662
3,004
1,431
20,941

4,482
2,836
1,415
21,177

4,311
2,522
1,355
21,448

4,547
2,752
1,441
21,057

4,523
2,763
1,431
21,143

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Oct.
2017

Sept.
2018

Oct.
2018

Oct.
2017

June
2018

July
2018

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

Oct.
2018

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

154,223
4,821
1,903
2,918
149,402
14,180
135,222
99,584
34,755
32,254
32,574
35,638

156,191
4,876
1,826
3,050
151,315
13,910
137,405
100,763
35,658
32,661
32,444
36,642

156,952
5,045
1,940
3,105
151,908
13,865
138,042
101,289
35,802
33,017
32,469
36,753

153,846
5,022
1,932
3,070
148,824
14,183
134,716
99,227
34,666
32,094
32,468
35,489

155,576
5,144
1,797
3,344
150,432
14,046
136,422
100,204
35,288
32,566
32,350
36,218

155,965
5,127
1,815
3,315
150,838
14,128
136,762
100,417
35,444
32,690
32,283
36,346

155,542
4,879
1,770
3,110
150,663
13,841
136,749
100,276
35,316
32,636
32,324
36,473

155,962
5,081
1,766
3,293
150,881
14,026
136,856
100,316
35,500
32,489
32,327
36,540

156,562
5,248
1,956
3,293
151,314
13,902
137,506
100,903
35,699
32,853
32,352
36,602

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

81,875
2,345
857
1,488
79,530
7,248
72,282
53,242
18,655
17,414
17,173
19,040

82,814
2,356
799
1,557
80,458
7,107
73,351
53,808
19,199
17,594
17,015
19,542

83,052
2,415
863
1,552
80,637
7,031
73,606
53,957
19,196
17,704
17,056
19,650

81,667
2,419
884
1,528
79,248
7,280
72,016
53,082
18,617
17,320
17,145
18,934

82,522
2,509
855
1,644
80,013
7,191
72,869
53,588
19,006
17,598
16,984
19,281

82,684
2,444
814
1,629
80,240
7,149
73,126
53,673
19,054
17,691
16,928
19,453

82,545
2,410
812
1,598
80,134
6,990
73,106
53,599
19,007
17,642
16,950
19,507

82,645
2,420
782
1,637
80,225
7,162
73,020
53,569
19,121
17,509
16,939
19,451

82,903
2,498
893
1,614
80,405
7,087
73,341
53,796
19,171
17,619
17,005
19,546

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

72,348
2,477
1,046
1,430
69,872
6,932
62,940
46,342
16,100
14,840
15,401
16,598

73,378
2,520
1,027
1,493
70,858
6,803
64,055
46,954
16,459
15,067
15,428
17,100

73,900
2,630
1,077
1,553
71,270
6,835
64,436
47,332
16,606
15,313
15,413
17,104

72,179
2,603
1,048
1,541
69,576
6,903
62,700
46,146
16,049
14,774
15,323
16,555

73,054
2,635
942
1,700
70,419
6,855
63,553
46,616
16,282
14,969
15,366
16,937

73,281
2,683
1,001
1,687
70,598
6,979
63,636
46,744
16,390
14,998
15,355
16,892

72,997
2,468
958
1,512
70,529
6,851
63,643
46,677
16,309
14,994
15,374
16,966

73,317
2,661
983
1,656
70,656
6,864
63,836
46,747
16,379
14,979
15,388
17,089

73,659
2,751
1,063
1,679
70,909
6,815
64,165
47,108
16,527
15,234
15,347
17,057

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

45,886
36,072
9,829

46,205
36,090
9,887

46,354
36,278
10,060

45,776
35,853
–

45,689
35,976
–

45,751
35,986
–

45,858
36,070
–

45,966
35,984
–

46,228
36,040
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

127,055
27,168

129,466
26,726

129,627
27,325

126,636
27,142

128,568
27,028

129,021
26,992

128,577
26,913

128,894
27,055

129,212
27,297

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,409
4.8

7,670
4.9

8,093
5.2

7,209
4.7

7,619
4.9

8,072
5.2

7,944
5.1

7,707
4.9

7,883
5.0

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,171
9,789

5,840
9,776

6,057
9,747

–
9,705

–
9,464

–
9,663

–
9,633

–
9,771

–
9,674

1

Refers to persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Oct.
2017

Sept.
2018

Oct.
2018

Oct.
2017

June
2018

July
2018

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

Oct.
2018

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,524
796
340
467
5,728
1,095
4,620
3,501
1,593
1,003
905
1,134

5,964
743
282
446
5,221
1,036
4,210
3,149
1,299
969
882
1,056

6,075
712
235
492
5,363
1,010
4,335
3,269
1,350
1,010
908
1,073

4.1
13.7
15.0
13.2
3.7
7.2
3.3
3.4
4.4
3.0
2.7
3.1

4.0
12.6
14.4
11.4
3.7
7.4
3.3
3.3
3.9
3.1
3.0
3.1

3.9
13.1
13.6
12.5
3.5
6.9
3.2
3.2
3.5
3.1
2.9
3.1

3.9
12.8
13.4
12.2
3.5
6.8
3.2
3.2
4.1
2.9
2.6
3.1

3.7
12.8
13.8
11.9
3.3
6.9
3.0
3.0
3.5
2.9
2.7
2.8

3.7
11.9
10.7
13.0
3.4
6.8
3.1
3.1
3.6
3.0
2.7
2.8

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,580
462
186
284
3,118
635
2,462
1,825
844
499
482
638

3,211
373
134
241
2,837
575
2,281
1,707
704
539
464
574

3,243
362
114
251
2,881
565
2,294
1,761
747
554
460
533

4.2
16.0
17.4
15.7
3.8
8.0
3.3
3.3
4.3
2.8
2.7
3.3

4.1
14.7
16.5
13.2
3.7
8.2
3.2
3.2
3.8
2.9
3.0
3.2

3.8
15.5
16.1
14.5
3.4
7.4
3.0
3.0
3.5
2.6
2.8
3.1

3.9
14.7
15.6
14.1
3.5
7.5
3.1
3.1
4.1
2.6
2.4
3.0

3.7
13.4
14.6
12.8
3.4
7.4
3.0
3.1
3.6
3.0
2.7
2.9

3.8
12.7
11.3
13.5
3.5
7.4
3.0
3.2
3.7
3.0
2.6
2.7

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,945
334
154
182
2,611
460
2,157
1,676
749
504
423
494

2,753
370
148
205
2,383
461
1,930
1,442
595
430
418
500

2,832
350
121
241
2,482
445
2,041
1,508
604
456
448
532

3.9
11.4
12.8
10.6
3.6
6.3
3.3
3.5
4.5
3.3
2.7
2.9

4.0
10.5
12.4
9.5
3.7
6.6
3.4
3.4
4.0
3.3
2.9
3.0

3.9
10.9
11.4
10.5
3.7
6.3
3.4
3.4
3.6
3.6
3.0
3.0

3.9
10.8
11.5
10.0
3.6
6.1
3.3
3.4
4.1
3.2
2.7
3.1

3.6
12.2
13.1
11.0
3.3
6.3
2.9
3.0
3.5
2.8
2.6
2.8

3.7
11.3
10.2
12.6
3.4
6.1
3.1
3.1
3.5
2.9
2.8
3.0

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

954
889
578

898
780
529

897
836
565

2.0
2.4
5.6

2.1
2.5
5.5

2.0
2.5
5.6

2.0
2.5
5.4

1.9
2.1
5.1

1.9
2.3
5.3

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,246
1,275

4,662
1,267

4,838
1,241

4.0
4.5

4.0
4.3

3.8
4.4

3.7
4.3

3.5
4.5

3.6
4.3

1

Refers to persons in opposite-sex couples only.
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Oct.
2017

Sept.
2018

Seasonally adjusted

Oct.
2018

Oct.
2017

June
2018

July
2018

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

Oct.
2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

2,859
561
2,298
1,648
650
763
2,040
580

2,474
507
1,967
1,238
729
794
1,939
559

2,510
507
2,003
1,317
686
746
1,951
564

3,214
862
2,352
1,688
664
731
2,001
626

3,065
906
2,159
1,486
673
811
2,086
578

3,017
890
2,127
1,455
672
844
1,799
591

2,875
872
2,003
1,345
658
862
1,846
584

2,796
820
1,975
1,248
727
730
1,877
586

2,850
793
2,057
1,355
701
726
1,906
606

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

45.8
9.0
36.8
12.2
32.7
9.3

42.9
8.8
34.1
13.8
33.6
9.7

43.5
8.8
34.7
12.9
33.8
9.8

48.9
13.1
35.8
11.1
30.5
9.5

46.9
13.9
33.0
12.4
31.9
8.8

48.3
14.2
34.0
13.5
28.8
9.5

46.6
14.1
32.5
14.0
29.9
9.5

46.7
13.7
33.0
12.2
31.3
9.8

46.8
13.0
33.8
11.9
31.3
10.0

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

1.8
0.5
1.3
0.4

1.5
0.5
1.2
0.3

1.5
0.5
1.2
0.3

2.0
0.5
1.2
0.4

1.9
0.5
1.3
0.4

1.9
0.5
1.1
0.4

1.8
0.5
1.1
0.4

1.7
0.5
1.2
0.4

1.8
0.4
1.2
0.4

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Oct.
2017

Sept.
2018

Oct.
2018

Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2017

June
2018

July
2018

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

Oct.
2018

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

1,958
1,839
2,445
847
1,598

2,043
1,566
2,157
790
1,366

1,866
1,734
2,171
824
1,347

2,128
1,943
2,500
856
1,645

2,227
1,882
2,314
836
1,478

2,091
1,820
2,406
971
1,435

2,208
1,720
2,255
923
1,332

2,065
1,720
2,245
861
1,384

2,057
1,821
2,229
856
1,373

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27.1
10.1

24.7
9.4

23.8
9.9

25.8
9.8

21.2
8.9

23.2
9.5

22.6
9.1

24.0
9.2

22.5
9.4

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

31.4
29.5
39.2
13.6
25.6

35.4
27.2
37.4
13.7
23.7

32.3
30.0
37.6
14.3
23.3

32.4
29.6
38.0
13.0
25.0

34.7
29.3
36.0
13.0
23.0

33.1
28.8
38.1
15.4
22.7

35.7
27.8
36.5
14.9
21.5

34.3
28.5
37.2
14.3
22.9

33.7
29.8
36.5
14.0
22.5

NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployment
rates

Unemployed

Oct.
2017

Oct.
2018

Oct.
2017

Oct.
2018

Oct.
2017

Oct.
2018

154,223
61,062

156,952
62,929

6,242
1,285

5,771
1,246

3.9
2.1

3.5
1.9

25,620
35,442
27,075
33,633
15,795
17,838

26,165
36,764
26,689
33,730
15,927
17,803

498
787
1,444
1,363
656
707

535
711
1,247
1,233
599
634

1.9
2.2
5.1
3.9
4.0
3.8

2.0
1.9
4.5
3.5
3.6
3.4

14,324
1,222
8,183
4,920

14,588
1,181
8,558
4,849

724
67
495
163

546
63
400
83

4.8
5.2
5.7
3.2

3.6
5.0
4.5
1.7

18,129
8,575
9,554

19,015
8,904
10,112

833
311
522

920
414
506

4.4
3.5
5.2

4.6
4.4
4.8

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Oct.
2017

Oct.
2018

Oct.
2017

Oct.
2018

6,242
4,810
39
418
501
314
187
849
284
105
214
715
677
796
210
79
462
311

5,771
4,458
14
352
504
260
245
794
217
84
205
691
649
747
200
74
411
265

3.9
3.8
4.8
4.5
3.2
3.2
3.2
4.2
4.1
3.9
2.2
4.1
2.9
5.8
3.1
4.3
2.2
3.1

3.5
3.5
1.7
3.6
3.2
2.5
4.3
3.9
3.1
3.2
2.0
4.0
2.7
5.4
3.0
4.1
1.9
2.6

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

Oct.
2017

Sept.
2018

Oct.
2018

Oct.
2017

June
2018

July
2018

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018

Oct.
2018

1.5

1.3

1.3

1.6

1.4

1.5

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.8

1.5

1.5

2.0

1.9

1.9

1.8

1.7

1.8

3.9

3.6

3.5

4.1

4.0

3.9

3.9

3.7

3.7

4.2

3.8

3.8

4.4

4.3

4.2

4.1

3.9

4.0

4.8

4.5

4.4

5.0

4.9

4.8

4.7

4.6

4.6

7.6

7.1

7.0

8.0

7.8

7.5

7.4

7.5

7.4

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Oct.
2017

Men
Oct.
2018

Oct.
2017

Women
Oct.
2018

Oct.
2017

Oct.
2018

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

95,301
4,938
1,535
524
1,010

95,792
5,048
1,491
506
984

38,380
2,287
837
335
503

38,960
2,298
823
314
509

56,921
2,650
698
190
508

56,832
2,750
668
192
476

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,409
4.8
4,167
1,770
295
1,124

8,093
5.2
4,484
2,180
284
1,073

3,681
4.5
2,256
587
226
598

3,958
4.8
2,490
723
171
539

3,727
5.2
1,912
1,183
70
526

4,135
5.6
1,994
1,457
114
534

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018p

Oct.
2018p

Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018p

Oct.
2018p

148,203
125,516
20,391

149,406
127,986
21,115

149,738
127,368
21,024

150,753
127,982
21,064

147,234
124,903
20,168

149,382
126,986
20,750

149,500
127,107
20,792

149,750
127,353
20,859

Change
from:
Sept.2018
Oct.2018p
250
246
67

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, except oil and gas. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

700
49.6
650.5
146.3
187.9
53.0
38.5

763
49.5
713.3
155.5
195.3
53.2
39.6

759
48.7
710.0
152.6
193.2
52.9
39.0

764
47.9
716.5
153.4
194.3
53.1
39.0

691
48.2
643.2
145.8
185.9
52.7
38.7

747
47.9
698.8
152.8
190.5
53.0
39.1

751
47.3
703.5
152.4
190.3
52.8
38.9

756
47.0
708.6
153.2
191.3
52.6
39.1

5
-0.3
5.1
0.8
1.0
-0.2
0.2

96.4
316.3

102.5
362.5

101.3
364.2

102.2
368.8

94.5
311.5

98.4
355.5

98.6
360.8

99.6
364.1

1.0
3.3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

7,182
1,576.4
769.2
807.2
1,046.1
4,559.4
1,997.7
2,561.7

7,529
1,656.5
821.3
835.2
1,092.6
4,779.4
2,103.5
2,675.9

7,474
1,639.5
811.9
827.6
1,093.3
4,741.4
2,077.0
2,664.4

7,500
1,644.2
815.9
828.3
1,099.6
4,756.6
2,085.7
2,670.9

6,988
1,543.5
751.2
792.3
984.1
4,460.0
1,961.2
2,498.8

7,268
1,615.8
801.3
814.5
1,023.2
4,628.8
2,033.0
2,595.8

7,288
1,615.6
799.8
815.8
1,029.0
4,643.6
2,039.5
2,604.1

7,318
1,617.3
802.6
814.7
1,036.1
4,664.9
2,053.3
2,611.6

30
1.7
2.8
-1.1
7.1
21.3
13.8
7.5

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Machinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic products. . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment. . . . . .
Communications equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductors and electronic
components. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electronic instruments. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous computer and electronic
products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment and appliances. . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related products. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous durable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper and paper products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemicals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous nondurable goods
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

12,509

12,823

12,791

12,800

12,489

12,735

12,753

12,785

32

7,770
398.4
416.9
374.3
1,443.7
1,082.5
1,047.9
163.2
86.8

8,001
409.1
426.2
382.2
1,500.3
1,132.7
1,073.2
170.7
85.1

7,982
407.6
425.6
381.7
1,495.2
1,127.6
1,068.3
170.3
85.1

8,005
409.0
428.8
381.7
1,494.8
1,131.7
1,071.4
171.1
85.5

7,765
398.1
410.9
374.4
1,443.0
1,083.8
1,047.9
162.5
87.0

7,970
406.3
419.1
382.1
1,494.4
1,129.1
1,068.5
169.3
85.1

7,984
407.3
422.5
382.2
1,495.5
1,130.7
1,069.7
170.4
85.2

8,005
407.8
424.3
381.9
1,495.4
1,135.5
1,071.9
171.0
85.6

21
0.5
1.8
-0.3
-0.1
4.8
2.2
0.6
0.4

363.4
400.7

371.7
413.1

369.1
410.9

368.7
412.4

363.7
401.0

370.0
411.5

369.7
411.7

369.1
412.9

-0.6
1.2

33.8
392.3
1,627.9
950.1
393.4

32.6
408.3
1,674.6
961.3
393.2

32.9
408.9
1,678.5
963.4
390.4

33.7
407.8
1,684.6
968.5
391.0

33.6
392.8
1,630.0
950.5
393.3

32.5
406.7
1,673.0
961.7
389.9

32.8
408.3
1,676.3
962.7
391.0

33.3
408.1
1,686.5
969.5
390.7

0.5
-0.2
10.2
6.8
-0.3

592.2

601.0

598.2

604.4

590.9

600.5

600.5

603.3

2.8

4,739
1,623.7
112.5
113.0
117.3
368.2
440.1
118.5
825.8
718.0

4,822
1,675.1
112.6
112.0
112.9
377.9
434.2
120.8
837.8
727.7

4,809
1,669.2
111.9
111.3
111.3
378.2
432.8
119.9
836.0
727.1

4,795
1,658.7
111.0
110.9
110.9
377.4
431.7
118.9
837.2
727.0

4,724
1,613.4
112.5
112.4
116.3
369.2
439.5
116.0
828.0
721.7

4,765
1,637.4
112.3
110.9
113.2
377.1
432.6
116.9
834.9
726.9

4,769
1,642.1
111.6
110.8
110.9
378.9
432.2
116.6
836.9
728.0

4,780
1,648.9
111.0
110.4
110.8
378.2
430.9
116.2
838.6
730.6

11
6.8
-0.6
-0.4
-0.1
-0.7
-1.3
-0.4
1.7
2.6

302.3

311.2

310.8

311.6

294.5

303.1

301.4

304.0

2.6

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

105,125

106,871

106,344

106,918

104,735

106,236

106,315

106,494

179

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

27,604

27,797

27,715

27,910

27,553

27,836

27,828

27,865

37

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

5,933.2
2,977.4
2,059.7

6,028.7
3,045.9
2,062.3

6,011.2
3,035.8
2,054.8

6,028.6
3,041.5
2,065.0

5,923.3
2,978.5
2,049.3

6,004.8
3,033.5
2,055.3

6,008.1
3,035.9
2,052.5

6,017.2
3,042.6
2,053.9

9.1
6.7
1.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018p

Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2018p

Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018p

Oct.
2018p

Change
from:
Sept.2018
Oct.2018p

Wholesale trade - Continued
Electronic markets and agents and
brokers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

896.1

920.5

920.6

922.1

895.5

916.0

919.7

920.7

1.0

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Auto parts, accessories, and tire stores. . .
Furniture and home furnishings stores. . . . . .
Electronics and appliance stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden supply
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health and personal care stores. . . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Clothing and clothing accessories stores. . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, book, and music
stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
General merchandise stores, including
warehouse clubs and supercenters. . . . .
Miscellaneous store retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonstore retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

15,869.5
2,019.3
1,304.2
154.3
560.8
479.9
499.4

15,927.6
2,047.9
1,315.0
163.1
569.8
477.7
490.7

15,770.8
2,043.3
1,315.8
158.6
568.9
477.7
486.8

15,893.7
2,046.4
1,316.4
157.1
572.9
488.0
490.0

15,859.8
2,017.3
1,301.7
155.6
559.9
476.6
500.4

15,926.4
2,036.6
1,311.1
156.3
569.2
482.4
494.8

15,894.0
2,037.0
1,312.2
157.2
567.6
484.3
491.8

15,896.4
2,042.5
1,313.1
158.3
571.1
485.9
490.9

2.4
5.5
0.9
1.1
3.5
1.6
-0.9

1,268.2
3,084.9
1,057.3
934.0
1,348.8

1,305.3
3,118.5
1,048.7
950.5
1,367.5

1,278.8
3,088.4
1,047.0
944.1
1,325.0

1,277.2
3,103.3
1,058.6
939.9
1,337.2

1,288.9
3,079.6
1,058.1
932.0
1,361.3

1,306.3
3,100.3
1,057.3
938.5
1,358.7

1,303.8
3,097.4
1,057.9
940.6
1,352.9

1,304.1
3,100.7
1,060.0
938.4
1,352.6

0.3
3.3
2.1
-2.2
-0.3

605.2
3,152.0
1,183.2

557.5
3,131.0
1,161.9

554.9
3,102.3
1,144.1

557.4
3,155.8
1,169.8

606.0
3,143.7
1,185.2

571.0
3,151.4
1,178.8

566.5
3,138.8
1,170.0

560.4
3,140.5
1,168.5

-6.1
1.7
-1.5

1,968.8
834.9
585.6

1,969.1
837.7
594.6

1,958.2
826.1
596.4

1,986.0
829.5
610.4

1,958.5
820.2
575.7

1,972.6
829.1
600.0

1,968.8
821.7
601.3

1,972.0
818.1
602.3

3.2
-3.6
1.0

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,247.4
497.8
213.2
65.7
1,472.8

5,287.5
508.4
215.6
68.3
1,505.9

5,382.8
506.2
215.6
66.2
1,508.1

5,435.6
505.2
215.6
65.8
1,509.0

5,215.4
498.5
212.7
65.4
1,455.6

5,353.5
504.8
214.4
65.6
1,484.0

5,374.3
505.5
215.3
65.1
1,489.8

5,399.1
505.6
215.0
65.4
1,492.2

24.8
0.1
-0.3
0.3
2.4

515.5
47.6
37.5
698.2
684.5
1,014.6

431.8
46.9
45.6
716.0
715.2
1,033.8

508.1
46.9
40.6
713.5
729.3
1,048.3

517.1
47.0
36.5
721.7
746.8
1,070.9

497.9
47.7
36.5
693.1
704.2
1,003.8

495.1
46.9
35.3
713.9
751.8
1,041.7

496.7
46.8
34.7
712.8
757.0
1,050.6

498.2
47.0
35.3
717.6
764.6
1,058.2

1.5
0.2
0.6
4.8
7.6
7.6

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

553.4

553.2

549.7

551.6

554.2

551.2

551.3

552.5

1.2

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries, except Internet. . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting, except Internet. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Data processing, hosting and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,784
720.5

2,787
718.3

2,753
717.2

2,776
715.2

2,784
719.1

2,766
714.4

2,762
714.6

2,769
713.7

7
-0.9

422.7
266.5
771.3

426.6
262.5
754.5

403.1
264.7
747.0

422.8
265.2
746.2

424.5
264.7
772.7

413.6
263.2
754.0

412.5
263.2
748.5

416.8
263.1
748.6

4.3
-0.1
0.1

320.7
282.6

326.5
298.6

325.8
294.8

328.4
298.5

319.7
283.3

325.8
295.4

326.9
296.0

328.0
298.6

1.1
2.6

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities - central bank. . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts,
investments, and funds and trusts. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,499
6,287.0
18.9

8,654
6,353.7
19.4

8,606
6,326.1
19.1

8,616
6,331.9
19.2

8,494
6,287.6
19.0

8,587
6,331.0
19.3

8,602
6,334.0
19.2

8,609
6,332.4
19.2

7
-1.6
0.0

2,651.5
1,710.3
1,318.6
628.4
312.8

2,675.3
1,725.1
1,323.9
636.9
313.3

2,661.8
1,712.3
1,313.3
634.4
315.1

2,659.2
1,711.9
1,311.2
631.0
316.3

2,656.7
1,717.4
1,323.8
627.2
312.1

2,664.4
1,718.3
1,319.0
633.1
312.9

2,665.1
1,718.6
1,318.7
631.2
315.3

2,664.0
1,718.3
1,316.3
629.5
316.1

-1.1
-0.3
-2.4
-1.7
0.8

948.8
2,667.8
2,212.2
1,610.5

978.0
2,681.0
2,299.9
1,658.0

969.5
2,675.7
2,280.0
1,644.1

968.9
2,684.6
2,283.9
1,651.4

945.6
2,666.3
2,206.2
1,605.2

968.9
2,678.4
2,256.3
1,634.4

970.0
2,679.7
2,268.0
1,641.2

967.3
2,681.9
2,276.5
1,645.5

-2.7
2.2
8.5
4.3

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018p

Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2018p

Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018p

Oct.
2018p

Change
from:
Sept.2018
Oct.2018p

Real estate and rental and leasing Continued
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets. . . .

577.6
24.1

616.2
25.7

610.9
25.0

607.2
25.3

576.9
24.1

596.7
25.2

601.7
25.1

605.7
25.3

4.0
0.2

Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and technical services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting and bookkeeping services. . . . . .
Architectural and engineering services. . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management and technical consulting
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising and related services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional and technical services. . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and waste services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

20,815
9,045.0
1,139.1
938.9
1,455.1
139.0

21,217
9,272.1
1,137.5
960.0
1,507.2
139.2

21,185
9,206.2
1,131.3
950.3
1,488.6
140.0

21,352
9,301.3
1,140.7
963.3
1,500.5
139.7

20,630
9,061.1
1,137.0
998.0
1,447.7
137.4

21,065
9,273.3
1,136.5
1,013.1
1,486.7
138.8

21,111
9,287.9
1,137.5
1,011.9
1,485.4
140.0

21,146
9,307.6
1,138.1
1,014.1
1,492.3
138.4

35
19.7
0.6
2.2
6.9
-1.6

2,068.3

2,126.1

2,109.5

2,138.1

2,058.4

2,116.2

2,120.9

2,126.6

5.7

1,427.9

1,467.4

1,463.6

1,484.0

1,413.5

1,460.7

1,465.9

1,469.8

3.9

661.3
492.6
722.8
2,299.4
9,470.8
9,054.3
517.7
156.0
3,788.6
3,106.3
921.4

689.0
500.2
745.5
2,344.0
9,600.7
9,162.6
528.0
158.4
3,764.6
3,066.1
899.8

681.6
495.8
745.5
2,331.9
9,646.4
9,209.4
526.8
159.0
3,825.4
3,123.6
910.6

685.4
497.6
752.0
2,336.4
9,714.6
9,276.8
527.4
159.4
3,882.0
3,178.0
924.9

663.8
489.8
715.4
2,302.6
9,266.3
8,850.8
517.5
154.9
3,663.2
2,992.0
906.4

682.9
497.3
741.0
2,333.8
9,457.4
9,025.2
527.3
157.5
3,735.7
3,047.3
911.4

684.6
496.8
744.9
2,336.9
9,486.5
9,051.9
527.1
157.6
3,749.9
3,054.9
911.7

687.1
495.6
745.5
2,339.1
9,498.9
9,062.5
527.0
158.1
3,749.4
3,058.2
910.5

2.5
-1.2
0.6
2.2
12.4
10.6
-0.1
0.5
-0.5
3.3
-1.2

216.8
930.5
2,190.6
332.7

219.1
948.2
2,304.6
339.9

218.3
955.6
2,270.4
343.3

216.9
957.7
2,261.6
346.9

216.9
922.6
2,141.4
327.9

216.5
945.2
2,193.9
337.7

217.1
947.5
2,199.5
341.6

216.8
950.2
2,208.6
341.9

-0.3
2.7
9.1
0.3

416.5

438.1

437.0

437.8

415.5

432.2

434.6

436.4

1.8

Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential mental health facilities. . . . . .
Community care facilities for the
elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Emergency and other relief services. . . . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child day care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

23,515
3,852.9
19,662.3
15,845.5
7,383.8
2,613.1
937.4
897.5
910.3
272.9
1,438.9

23,430
3,453.8
19,976.3
16,100.5
7,529.6
2,643.8
954.3
936.8
938.1
282.4
1,468.2

23,691
3,711.5
19,979.9
16,089.4
7,522.3
2,643.5
949.4
931.3
935.8
284.8
1,469.8

24,018
3,917.7
20,099.9
16,171.0
7,571.2
2,661.2
955.3
945.1
942.5
284.0
1,478.7

23,312
3,686.6
19,625.7
15,814.7
7,357.5
2,603.1
935.0
895.7
909.9
271.9
1,432.1

23,741
3,764.9
19,975.9
16,074.3
7,518.9
2,643.4
949.8
933.9
937.1
282.4
1,465.9

23,767
3,755.8
20,010.8
16,101.6
7,531.2
2,648.1
949.0
936.8
938.4
283.9
1,468.6

23,811
3,753.3
20,057.5
16,137.2
7,545.4
2,651.8
952.5
942.9
942.0
283.4
1,470.5

44
-2.5
46.7
35.6
14.2
3.7
3.5
6.1
3.6
-0.5
1.9

313.7
5,114.2
3,347.5
1,622.9
628.9

306.0
5,194.7
3,376.2
1,617.2
639.2

307.7
5,203.3
3,363.8
1,611.3
636.8

304.4
5,221.9
3,377.9
1,617.4
636.7

309.8
5,109.2
3,348.0
1,621.7
629.8

306.3
5,191.7
3,363.7
1,612.1
637.1

306.5
5,203.1
3,367.3
1,611.7
637.9

302.3
5,216.1
3,375.7
1,615.2
637.7

-4.2
13.0
8.4
3.5
-0.2

926.8
168.9
3,816.8
2,360.4
168.2
343.1
945.1

946.1
173.7
3,875.8
2,441.7
175.5
351.8
906.8

942.5
173.2
3,890.5
2,433.6
174.9
346.0
936.0

949.3
174.5
3,928.9
2,456.5
175.1
349.0
948.3

927.8
168.7
3,811.0
2,363.1
169.0
343.6
935.3

942.2
172.4
3,901.6
2,441.2
174.9
347.3
938.2

944.2
173.5
3,909.2
2,449.1
175.3
347.3
937.5

948.5
174.3
3,920.3
2,457.9
175.9
349.5
937.0

4.3
0.8
11.1
8.8
0.6
2.2
-0.5

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts and spectator sports. . . . . . . .

16,100
2,299.4
504.8

17,076
2,650.9
514.1

16,530
2,412.1
511.1

16,360
2,334.1
511.1

16,156
2,347.7
499.0

16,368
2,349.1
485.2

16,368
2,363.3
498.6

16,410
2,372.3
501.9

42
9.0
3.3

See footnotes at end of table.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018p

Oct.
2018p

Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018p

Oct.
2018p

Change
from:
Sept.2018
Oct.2018p

Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amusements, gambling, and recreation. . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

168.7
1,625.9
13,800.5
1,997.9
11,802.6

186.6
1,950.2
14,425.3
2,182.8
12,242.5

176.8
1,724.2
14,117.4
2,079.1
12,038.3

176.2
1,646.8
14,026.1
2,023.0
12,003.1

168.0
1,680.7
13,808.4
2,010.4
11,798.0

173.8
1,690.1
14,018.7
2,040.3
11,978.4

174.5
1,690.2
14,005.1
2,036.7
11,968.4

175.5
1,694.9
14,038.1
2,036.2
12,001.9

1.0
4.7
33.0
-0.5
33.5

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Membership associations and organizations. . .

5,808
1,312.2
1,502.2
2,993.8

5,910
1,323.3
1,536.3
3,050.0

5,864
1,324.5
1,533.6
3,005.7

5,886
1,328.7
1,543.1
3,014.5

5,806
1,311.3
1,499.7
2,995.3

5,873
1,323.3
1,530.1
3,019.8

5,877
1,324.6
1,534.7
3,017.4

5,884
1,327.5
1,539.5
3,017.1

7
2.9
4.8
-0.3

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

22,687
2,802.0
2,187.7
614.5
5,279.0
2,616.1
2,662.7
14,606.0
8,190.6
6,415.6

21,420
2,806.0
2,202.3
603.6
4,863.0
2,180.8
2,682.5
13,751.0
7,079.3
6,671.3

22,370
2,801.0
2,196.4
604.3
5,194.0
2,527.6
2,666.5
14,375.0
7,895.2
6,479.6

22,771
2,799.0
2,194.8
603.7
5,297.0
2,641.1
2,656.0
14,675.0
8,226.5
6,448.7

22,331
2,807.0
2,190.3
616.9
5,135.0
2,462.7
2,671.8
14,389.0
7,936.7
6,452.0

22,396
2,797.0
2,191.0
606.3
5,137.0
2,472.3
2,664.4
14,462.0
7,974.0
6,488.3

22,393
2,798.0
2,191.9
605.7
5,138.0
2,473.6
2,664.8
14,457.0
7,968.9
6,488.3

22,397
2,799.0
2,194.5
604.9
5,139.0
2,474.9
2,663.7
14,459.0
7,968.7
6,490.1

4
1.0
2.6
-0.8
1.0
1.3
-1.1
2.0
-0.2
1.8

Industry

Arts, entertainment, and recreation Continued

1

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicles, motor vehicle bodies and trailers, and motor vehicle parts.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018p

Oct.
2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.4
40.4
45.3
39.0
40.9
41.4
40.0
33.2
34.3
39.0
30.9
38.7
42.1
36.3
37.5
36.0
32.9
26.1
31.7

34.5
40.5
46.0
39.2
40.9
41.3
40.3
33.3
34.4
39.0
30.9
39.0
42.0
36.1
37.6
36.1
33.0
26.1
31.8

34.4
40.3
45.8
38.9
40.9
41.2
40.2
33.3
34.4
38.9
30.9
38.9
42.2
36.3
37.4
36.1
33.0
26.0
31.8

34.5
40.3
45.9
38.9
40.8
41.2
40.1
33.3
34.3
38.8
30.8
39.0
42.1
36.1
37.8
36.2
33.0
26.1
31.9

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.5
3.5
3.5

3.5
3.5
3.6

3.5
3.5
3.4

3.5
3.5
3.5

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018p

Oct.
2018p

Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018p

Oct.
2018p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$26.47
27.72
32.13
29.09
26.72
27.99
24.58
26.18
22.86
29.98
18.24
24.01
39.62
38.39
33.66
31.77
26.47
15.58
24.10

$27.17
28.29
32.75
30.00
27.07
28.46
24.68
26.91
23.48
30.66
18.84
24.45
40.78
39.86
34.93
32.65
27.09
16.03
24.42

$27.25
28.39
33.06
30.17
27.11
28.51
24.71
26.98
23.56
30.82
18.89
24.45
41.08
40.31
35.03
32.70
27.10
16.07
24.50

$27.30
28.40
32.85
30.21
27.11
28.49
24.74
27.04
23.61
30.83
18.96
24.50
41.00
40.39
35.03
32.76
27.19
16.11
24.55

$910.57
1,119.89
1,455.49
1,134.51
1,092.85
1,158.79
983.20
869.18
784.10
1,169.22
563.62
929.19
1,668.00
1,393.56
1,262.25
1,143.72
870.86
406.64
763.97

$937.37
1,145.75
1,506.50
1,176.00
1,107.16
1,175.40
994.60
896.10
807.71
1,195.74
582.16
953.55
1,712.76
1,438.95
1,313.37
1,178.67
893.97
418.38
776.56

$937.40
1,144.12
1,514.15
1,173.61
1,108.80
1,174.61
993.34
898.43
810.46
1,198.90
583.70
951.11
1,733.58
1,463.25
1,310.12
1,180.47
894.30
417.82
779.10

$941.85
1,144.52
1,507.82
1,175.17
1,106.09
1,173.79
992.07
900.43
809.82
1,196.20
583.97
955.50
1,726.10
1,458.08
1,324.13
1,185.91
897.27
420.47
783.15

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018p

Oct.
2018p

Percent
change
from:
Sept.
2018 Oct.
2018p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

107.8
92.8
98.4
93.9
91.9
90.5
94.3
111.9
102.8
100.8
99.5
115.5
100.9
92.3
104.3
116.8
125.2
120.3
106.1

110.0
95.7
108.0
98.2
93.7
92.7
95.8
113.8
104.1
102.2
100.0
119.5
100.2
91.2
105.7
119.6
127.9
121.9
107.7

109.7
95.5
108.1
97.7
93.8
92.6
95.7
113.9
104.1
102.0
99.8
119.7
100.7
91.6
105.4
119.9
128.1
121.4
107.8

110.3
95.8
109.0
98.1
93.8
92.9
95.7
114.1
103.9
101.9
99.5
120.5
100.6
91.3
106.6
120.4
128.3
122.2
108.2

0.5
0.3
0.8
0.4
0.0
0.3
0.0
0.2
-0.2
-0.1
-0.3
0.7
-0.1
-0.3
1.1
0.4
0.2
0.7
0.4

1

Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018p

Oct.
2018p

Percent
change
from:
Sept.
2018 Oct.
2018p

136.5
116.3
126.9
118.7
114.2
112.5
117.6
142.3
126.5
126.1
120.0
140.8
132.1
126.2
137.0
150.3
159.5
151.2
140.2

142.8
122.4
142.0
128.0
118.0
117.1
120.0
148.8
131.6
130.7
124.5
148.3
135.0
129.4
144.1
158.2
166.7
157.6
144.1

143.0
122.5
143.5
128.1
118.3
117.3
120.0
149.3
132.0
131.2
124.6
148.5
136.6
131.4
144.0
158.8
167.0
157.4
144.7

143.9
122.9
143.8
128.8
118.3
117.5
120.1
149.9
132.1
131.1
124.7
149.8
136.3
131.3
145.6
159.8
167.8
158.8
145.6

0.6
0.3
0.2
0.5
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.4
0.1
-0.1
0.1
0.9
-0.2
-0.1
1.1
0.6
0.5
0.9
0.6

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018p

Oct.
2018p

Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018p

Oct.
2018p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

72,880
60,063
4,430
91
889
3,450
1,818
1,632
55,633
11,032
1,749.4
7,879.0
1,276.6
127.1
1,101
4,795
9,284
17,938
8,408
3,075
12,817

74,213
61,290
4,604
95
933
3,576
1,891
1,685
56,686
11,169
1,797.6
7,918.8
1,323.6
128.7
1,090
4,846
9,538
18,307
8,610
3,126
12,923

74,285
61,363
4,621
94
940
3,587
1,897
1,690
56,742
11,160
1,795.4
7,905.1
1,330.9
128.5
1,090
4,849
9,558
18,335
8,621
3,129
12,922

74,441
61,512
4,638
95
943
3,600
1,904
1,696
56,874
11,164
1,800.8
7,893.6
1,341.3
128.5
1,093
4,856
9,599
18,376
8,651
3,135
12,929

49.5
48.1
22.0
13.2
12.7
27.6
23.4
34.5
53.1
40.0
29.5
49.7
24.5
22.9
39.5
56.5
45.0
76.9
52.0
53.0
57.4

49.7
48.3
22.2
12.7
12.8
28.1
23.7
35.4
53.4
40.1
29.9
49.7
24.7
23.3
39.4
56.4
45.3
77.1
52.6
53.2
57.7

49.7
48.3
22.2
12.5
12.9
28.1
23.8
35.4
53.4
40.1
29.9
49.7
24.8
23.3
39.5
56.4
45.3
77.1
52.7
53.2
57.7

49.7
48.3
22.2
12.6
12.9
28.2
23.8
35.5
53.4
40.1
29.9
49.7
24.8
23.3
39.5
56.4
45.4
77.2
52.7
53.3
57.7

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018p

Oct.
2018p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

102,980
14,497
505
5,220
8,772
5,332
3,440
88,483
23,262
4,749.7
13,526.8
4,539.6
445.5
2,243
6,608
16,846
20,474
14,245
4,805

104,624
14,899
556
5,409
8,934
5,482
3,452
89,725
23,522
4,813.6
13,602.3
4,664.7
441.5
2,230
6,654
17,208
20,855
14,394
4,862

104,720
14,919
556
5,419
8,944
5,494
3,450
89,801
23,532
4,819.8
13,587.6
4,682.2
442.0
2,222
6,671
17,238
20,877
14,393
4,868

104,942
14,986
566
5,437
8,983
5,524
3,459
89,956
23,548
4,824.5
13,576.3
4,703.6
443.5
2,231
6,682
17,280
20,914
14,425
4,876

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018p

Oct.
2018p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

33.7
41.2
46.0
39.5
42.0
42.4
41.3
32.4
33.9
39.0
30.3
38.3
42.5
35.8
36.9
35.4
32.2
24.8
30.6

33.8
41.5
47.0
39.9
42.2
42.5
41.6
32.5
34.0
39.0
30.4
38.3
42.8
35.6
37.1
35.4
32.2
24.9
30.8

33.7
41.3
46.5
39.6
42.1
42.3
41.7
32.4
33.9
38.8
30.4
38.2
42.6
35.6
37.0
35.2
32.2
24.8
30.8

33.7
41.3
46.7
39.6
42.1
42.4
41.5
32.4
33.8
38.7
30.2
38.2
42.6
35.5
37.0
35.3
32.2
24.8
31.0

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

4.5
4.6
4.3

4.5
4.6
4.4

4.5
4.6
4.3

4.5
4.7
4.3

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018p

Oct.
2018p

Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018p

Oct.
2018p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Education and health services.................... .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$22.18
23.31
27.45
26.88
21.05
22.03
19.48
21.94
19.42
24.72
15.36
21.52
36.26
30.86
26.77
26.16
23.15
13.49
20.33

$22.76
24.02
28.55
27.80
21.54
22.53
19.92
22.50
20.02
25.34
15.99
21.96
36.95
31.97
26.96
26.85
23.72
13.94
20.66

$22.82
24.10
28.93
27.90
21.61
22.60
20.00
22.55
20.08
25.55
16.00
22.01
37.05
32.22
27.00
26.90
23.72
14.00
20.73

$22.89
24.19
28.89
28.01
21.68
22.64
20.10
22.61
20.16
25.58
16.07
22.09
36.87
32.43
27.02
26.94
23.77
14.05
20.78

$747.47
960.37
1,262.70
1,061.76
884.10
934.07
804.52
710.86
658.34
964.08
465.41
824.22
1,541.05
1,104.79
987.81
926.06
745.43
334.55
622.10

$769.29
996.83
1,341.85
1,109.22
908.99
957.53
828.67
731.25
680.68
988.26
486.10
841.07
1,581.46
1,138.13
1,000.22
950.49
763.78
347.11
636.33

$769.03
995.33
1,345.25
1,104.84
909.78
955.98
834.00
730.62
680.71
991.34
486.40
840.78
1,578.33
1,147.03
999.00
946.88
763.78
347.20
638.48

$771.39
999.05
1,349.16
1,109.20
912.73
959.94
834.15
732.56
681.41
989.95
485.31
843.84
1,570.66
1,151.27
999.74
950.98
765.39
348.44
644.18

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018p

Oct.
2018p

Percent
change
from:
Sept.
2018 Oct.
2018p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

115.6
91.3
123.4
103.2
84.6
85.0
83.7
122.1
109.9
109.1
103.7
130.9
96.8
91.6
114.8
133.7
140.6
129.4
103.1

117.8
94.5
138.9
108.1
86.5
87.6
84.6
124.2
111.5
110.6
104.7
134.5
96.6
90.6
116.2
136.5
143.2
131.3
105.0

117.6
94.2
137.4
107.4
86.4
87.3
84.8
123.9
111.2
110.1
104.6
134.6
96.3
90.3
116.2
136.0
143.3
130.7
105.2

117.8
94.6
140.5
107.8
86.8
88.0
84.6
124.1
111.0
110.0
103.8
135.3
96.6
90.4
116.4
136.7
143.6
131.0
106.0

0.2
0.4
2.3
0.4
0.5
0.8
-0.2
0.2
-0.2
-0.1
-0.8
0.5
0.3
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.2
0.2
0.8

1

Oct.
2017

Aug.
2018

Sept.
2018p

Oct.
2018p

Percent
change
from:
Sept.
2018 Oct.
2018p

171.4
130.3
197.1
149.8
116.4
116.9
115.2
183.7
152.3
158.9
136.6
178.7
146.6
140.0
189.1
208.1
214.8
198.2
152.7

179.2
139.0
230.6
162.2
121.9
123.2
119.1
191.6
159.2
165.0
143.4
187.3
149.0
143.4
192.8
218.1
224.2
207.8
158.1

179.3
138.9
231.2
161.9
122.2
123.2
119.8
191.6
159.3
165.8
143.4
188.0
148.9
144.0
193.0
217.7
224.4
207.9
158.8

180.2
140.1
236.0
163.0
123.1
124.4
120.1
192.4
159.6
165.7
142.9
189.5
148.7
145.1
193.5
219.2
225.3
209.1
160.5

0.5
0.9
2.1
0.7
0.7
1.0
0.3
0.4
0.2
-0.1
-0.3
0.8
-0.1
0.8
0.3
0.7
0.4
0.6
1.1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2017 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.