Full text of The Employment Situation : October 2000

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Technical information:
USDL 00-320
Household data: (202) 691-6378

Establishment data:
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Transmission of material in this release is
embargoed until 8:30 A.M. (EST),
Friday, November 3, 2000.

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:

OCTOBER 2000

The unemployment rate held at 3.9 percent in October, and total nonfarm
employment rose by 137,000, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S.
Department of Labor reported today. Among the major industry divisions,
construction had the largest over-the-month gain, adding 34,000 jobs.
Employment was unchanged in manufacturing and little changed in services
and retail trade. Average hourly earnings rose by 6 cents over the month.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The number of unemployed persons, 5.5 million, was essentially
unchanged in October. The jobless rate (3.9 percent) has remained within
the 3.9- to 4.1-percent range since October 1999. Unemployment rates for
the major worker groups--adult men (3.4 percent), adult women (3.4
percent), teenagers (12.6 percent), whites (3.4 percent), and blacks (7.3
percent)--showed little change over the month. The rate for Hispanics
declined to 5.0 percent. (See tables A-1 and A-2.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Total employment, at 135.4 million, and the employment-population
ratio, at 64.4 percent, were essentially unchanged in October. The
civilian labor force was little changed at 140.9 million, and the labor
force participation rate was also about unchanged at 67.0 percent. (See
table A-1.)
In October, about 7.6 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) held
more than one job. These multiple jobholders represented 5.6 percent of
total employment, compared with 6.0 percent a year earlier. (See table A-10.)
Persons Not in the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
About 1.0 million persons (not seasonally adjusted) were marginally
attached to the labor force in October, compared with about 1.2 million a
year earlier. These people wanted and were available to work and had
looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months. They were not counted as
unemployed, however, because they had not actively searched for work in the
4 weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers was
230,000 in October. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally
attached, were not currently looking for work specifically because they
believed no jobs were available for them. (See table A-10.)

- 2 Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
___________________________________________________________________________
|
Quarterly
|
Monthly data
|
|
averages
|
|
|_________________|__________________________|Sept.Category
|
2000
|
2000
| Oct.
|_________________|__________________________|change
|
II
| III
| Aug. | Sept. | Oct. |
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
HOUSEHOLD DATA
|
Labor force status
|____________________________________________________
Civilian labor force..| 140,827| 140,593| 140,742| 140,639| 140,918|
279
Employment..........| 135,200| 134,941| 134,912| 135,161| 135,422|
261
Unemployment........|
5,627|
5,652|
5,829|
5,477|
5,496|
19
Not in labor force....| 68,550| 69,348| 69,193| 69,522| 69,460|
-62
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Unemployment rates
|____________________________________________________
All workers...........|
4.0|
4.0|
4.1|
3.9|
3.9|
.0
Adult men...........|
3.3|
3.2|
3.2|
3.2|
3.4|
0.2
Adult women.........|
3.7|
3.6|
3.8|
3.5|
3.4|
-.1
Teenagers...........|
12.3|
13.5|
14.4|
12.8|
12.6|
-.2
White...............|
3.4|
3.5|
3.6|
3.5|
3.4|
-.1
Black...............|
7.7|
7.6|
8.0|
7.0|
7.3|
.3
Hispanic origin.....|
5.6|
5.6|
5.7|
5.6|
5.0|
-.6
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
|
Employment
|____________________________________________________
Nonfarm employment....| 131,552|p131,619| 131,528|p131,723|p131,860|
p137
Goods-producing 1/..| 25,703| p25,670| 25,644| p25,610| p25,648|
p38
Construction......|
6,676| p6,684|
6,675| p6,708| p6,742|
p34
Manufacturing.....| 18,488| p18,448| 18,432| p18,363| p18,363|
p0
Service-producing 1/| 105,849|p105,949| 105,884|p106,113|p106,212|
p99
Retail trade......| 23,128| p23,186| 23,191| p23,170| p23,174|
p4
Services..........| 40,272| p40,574| 40,572| p40,748| p40,765|
p17
Government........| 20,827| p20,530| 20,510| p20,475| p20,495|
p20
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Hours of work 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........|
34.5|
p34.4|
34.3|
p34.4|
p34.3| p-0.1
Manufacturing.......|
41.7|
p41.4|
41.4|
p41.2|
p41.3|
p.1
Overtime..........|
4.7|
p4.5|
4.5|
p4.4|
p4.4|
p.0
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Indexes of aggregate weekly hours (1982=100) 2/
|____________________________________________________
Total private.........|
151.2| p151.2|
150.9| p151.4| p151.5|
p0.1
|________|________|________|________|________|_______
|
Earnings 2/
|____________________________________________________
Avg. hourly earnings, |
|
|
|
|
|
total private.......| $13.67| p$13.79| $13.80| p$13.83| p$13.89| p$0.06
Avg. weekly earnings, |
|
|
|
|
|
total private.......| 471.50| p474.03| 473.34| p475.75| p476.43|
p.68
______________________|________|________|________|________|________|_______
1/ Includes other industries, not shown separately.
2/ Data relate to private production or nonsupervisory workers.
p=preliminary.

- 3 Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonfarm payroll employment rose by 137,000 to 131.9 million in
October, seasonally adjusted. This compares to a September gain of 148,000
jobs (after adjusting for the net effect of strikes and the layoff of the
last sizable contingent of temporary census workers). Over the first 8
months of the year, the average monthly gain (after similar adjustments for
strikes and changes in the number of temporary census workers) was 195,000.
In October, employment gains occurred in several service-producing industry
divisions and in construction and mining. (See table B-1.)
In the goods-producing sector, employment in construction grew by
34,000 in October, seasonally adjusted, following a similar increase in
September. Construction employment had been little changed during the
summer; the seasonal layoffs that usually start in September have been
lighter than normal thus far this fall, resulting in seasonally-adjusted
employment increases.
Mining employment rose by 4,000 in October. Within mining, oil and gas
extraction continued to grow and has added 23,000 jobs since August 1999.
Employment in manufacturing was unchanged in October following 2 months
of sharp declines. Over the month, job losses continued in lumber,
apparel, and textiles. Motor vehicle employment also edged down and has
declined by 46,000 since July, in part reflecting measures to reduce
inventories of heavy trucks. In contrast, electronic components added
7,000 jobs in October, continuing its strong growth trend. Employment in
food and kindred products rose, following declines in the prior 2 months.
In the service-producing sector, employment in the services industry
was little changed in October, following 2 months of large increases. Thus
far this year, employment growth in this industry has averaged 106,000 a
month, slightly below the average for all of 1999. Help supply services
lost 82,000 jobs in October, more than offsetting a large gain in
September; employment in this industry has shown virtually no net growth
since March. Elsewhere in services, amusements and recreation employment
rose by 28,000 in October. Auto repair services added 10,000 jobs over the
month. Employment continued to increase in health services (17,000),
social services (16,000), engineering and management services (10,000), and
computer services (8,000).
Employment rose by 23,000 in transportation and public utilities in
October, well above the average of 14,000 for the first 9 months of this year.
The October strength was in air transportation (up 7,000) and communications
(up 8,000).
Finance, insurance, and real estate gained 20,000 jobs in October, the
third consecutive monthly increase. Employment in real estate rose by
12,000 over the month; this industry has added 25,000 jobs over the past 3
months. Employment in security brokerages also continued to grow, adding
4,000 jobs.
Wholesale trade employment grew by 15,000 in October and has increased
by 34,000 since July. All of the October gain was in nondurable goods.
Retail trade employment was essentially unchanged in October. A gain of
14,000 jobs in automotive dealers and service stations was largely offset
by a decline in general merchandise stores.
Government employment increased by 20,000 in October. All of this gain
occurred in state and local government. There was little over-the-month
change in the number of temporary census workers; only about 6,000 were
left on federal payrolls.

- 4 Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls edged down by 0.1 hour in October to 34.3 hours,
seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing workweek was up by 0.1 hour to
41.3 hours, following a drop of 0.2 hour in September. Factory hours
remained well below the high levels that have prevailed over the last
several years. In October, manufacturing overtime was unchanged at 4.4
hours. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonfarm payrolls edged up to 151.5 (1982=100),
seasonally adjusted. The manufacturing index increased by 0.2 percent to
104.8. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonfarm payrolls increased by 6 cents in October to $13.89,
seasonally adjusted. Over the month, average weekly earnings edged up by
0.1 percent to $476.43. Over the year, average hourly earnings rose by 3.8
percent and average weekly earnings grew by 3.2 percent. Since February
1999, 12-month growth rates in hourly earnings have remained in the range
of 3.5 to 3.8 percent. (See table B-3.)
______________________________
The Employment Situation for November 2000 is scheduled to be released
on Friday, December 8, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).
---------------------------------------------------------------------|
New Seasonal Factors for Establishment Survey Data
|
| Following usual practice, the 6-month updates to seasonal adjust|
|ment factors for the establishment survey data will be introduced
|
|with next month's release of November data. These factors will be
|
|used for the September 2000 through April 2001 estimates and will
|
|be published in the December 2000 issue of Employment and Earnings.
|
|These factors will be available on Friday, December 1, on the Internet|
|(http://stats.bls.gov/ceshome.htm) or by calling (202) 691-6555.
|
----------------------------------------------------------------------

- 5 Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current
Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics
survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the
information on the labor force, employment, and unemployment that appears
in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
50,000 households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for the Bureau of
Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on the employment,
hours, and earnings of workers on nonfarm payrolls that appears in the B
tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from
payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. In June 2000,
the sample included about 300,000 establishments employing about 48 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a particular week
or pay period. In the household survey, the reference week is generally
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month. In the
establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period including the
12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys
Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect the entire
civilian noninstitutional population. Based on responses to a series of
questions on work and job search activities, each person 16 years and over
in a sample household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the
labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid
employees during the reference week; worked in their own business,
profession, or on their own farm; or worked without pay at least 15 hours
in a family business or farm. People are also counted as employed if they
were temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad weather,
vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of the following
criteria: They had no employment during the reference week; they were
available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find
employment sometime during the 4-week period ending with the reference
week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting recall
need not be
looking for work to be counted as unemployed. The unemployment data
derived from the household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and unemployed
persons. Those not classified as employed or unemployed are not in the
labor force. The unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the labor force
as a percent of the population, and the employment-population ratio is the
employed as a percent of the population.
Establishment survey. The sample establishments are drawn from private
nonfarm businesses such as factories, offices, and stores, as well as
Federal, State, and local government entities. Employees on nonfarm
payrolls are those who received pay for any part of the reference pay
period, including persons on paid leave. Persons are counted in each job
they hold. Hours and earnings data are for private businesses and relate
only to production workers in the goods-producing sector and nonsupervisory
workers in the service-producing sector.

- 6 Differences in employment estimates. The numerous conceptual and
methodological differences between the household and establishment surveys
result in important distinctions in the employment estimates derived from
the surveys. Among these are:
--The household survey includes agricultural workers, the self-employed,
unpaid family workers, and private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment survey.
--The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed. The establishment survey does not.
--The household survey is limited to workers 16 years of age and older.
The establishment survey is not limited by age.
--The household survey has no duplication
individuals are counted only once, even if
the establishment survey, employees working
appearing on more than one payroll would be
appearance.

of individuals, because
they hold more than one job. In
at more than one job and thus
counted separately for each

Other differences between the two surveys are described in "Comparing
Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be
obtained from BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor force and the
levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to
such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. The
effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; seasonal
fluctuations may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each
year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting
the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the
participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. For example,
the large number of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to May, making it
difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be
adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal
adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful
tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity.
In both the household and establishment surveys, most seasonally adjusted
series are independently adjusted. However, the adjusted series for many
major estimates, such as total payroll employment, employment in most major
industry divisions, total employment, and unemployment are computed by
aggregating independently adjusted component series. For example, total
unemployment is derived by summing the adjusted series for four major agesex components; this differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the duration,
reasons, or more detailed age categories.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are
recalculated twice a year. For the household survey, the factors are
calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December

- 7 period. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal
adjustment are calculated for the May-October period and introduced along
with new benchmarks, and again for the November-April period. In both
surveys, revisions to historical data are made once a year.
Reliability of the estimates
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject
to both sampling and nonsampling error. When a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates
may differ from the "true" population values they represent. The exact
difference, or sampling error, varies depending on the particular sample
selected, and this variability is measured by the standard error of the
estimate. There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence, that
an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more than 1.6 standard
errors from the "true" population value because of sampling error. BLS
analyses are generally conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly change in total
employment from the household survey is on the order of plus or minus
376,000. Suppose the estimate of total employment increases by 100,000
from one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on the
monthly change would range from -276,000 to 476,000 (100,000 376,000).
These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these
magnitudes, but rather that there is about a 90-percent chance that the
"true" over-the-month change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with confidence that
employment had, in fact, increased. If, however, the reported employment
rise was half a million, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case, it is likely
(at least a 90-percent chance) that an employment rise had, in fact,
occurred. The 90-percent confidence interval for the monthly change in
unemployment is 258,000, and for the monthly change in the unemployment
rate it is .21 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or establishments have
lower standard errors (relative to the size of the estimate) than estimates
which are based on a small number of observations. The precision of
estimates is also improved when the data are cumulated over time such as
for quarterly and annual averages. The seasonal adjustment process can
also improve the stability of the monthly estimates.
The household and establishment surveys are also affected by nonsampling
error. Nonsampling errors can occur for many reasons, including the
failure to sample a segment of the population, inability to obtain
information for all respondents in the sample, inability or unwillingness
of respondents to provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes
made by respondents, and errors made in the collection or processing of the
data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for the most recent 2
months are based on substantially incomplete returns; for this reason,
these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. It is only after
two successive revisions to a monthly estimate, when nearly all sample
reports have been received, that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the establishment survey is
the inability to capture, on a timely basis, employment generated by new
firms. To correct for this systematic underestimation of employment growth
(and other sources of error), a process known as bias adjustment is
included in the survey's estimating procedures, whereby a specified number
of jobs is added to the monthly sample-based change. The size of the

- 8 monthly bias adjustment is based largely on past relationships between the
sample-based estimates of employment and the total counts of employment
described below.
The sample-based estimates from the establishment survey are adjusted
once a year (on a lagged basis) to universe counts of payroll employment
obtained from administrative records of the unemployment insurance program.
The difference between the March sample-based employment estimates and the
March universe counts is known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a
rough proxy for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past decade, the
benchmark revision for total nonfarm employment has averaged 0.3 percent,
ranging from zero to 0.7 percent.
Additional statistics and other information
More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $16.00 per issue or
$40.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20402. All orders must be prepaid by sending a check or money order
payable to the Superintendent of Documents, or by charging to Mastercard or
Visa.
Employment and Earnings also provides measures of sampling error for the
household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, these measures appear in tables 1-B through
1-H of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data
drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due
to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables 2-B through 2-G of that
publication.
Information in this release will be made available to sensory impaired
individuals upon request. Voice phone: 202-691-5200; TDD message referral
phone: 1-800-877-8339.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age

(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Employment status, sex, and age

Oct.
1999

Sept.
2000

Oct.
2000

Oct.
1999

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

Oct.
2000

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Agriculture.................................
Nonagricultural industries..................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................
Not in labor force..............................
Persons who currently want a job..............

208,483
139,761
67.0
134,390
64.5
3,293
131,096
5,372
3.8
68,722
4,020

210,161
140,357
66.8
135,033
64.3
3,510
131,523
5,324
3.8
69,804
4,184

210,378
140,893
67.0
135,771
64.5
3,277
132,494
5,122
3.6
69,485
4,051

208,483
139,697
67.0
133,940
64.2
3,238
130,702
5,757
4.1
68,786
4,331

209,543
140,762
67.2
135,179
64.5
3,321
131,858
5,583
4.0
68,781
4,254

209,727
140,399
66.9
134,749
64.2
3,299
131,450
5,650
4.0
69,329
4,478

209,935
140,742
67.0
134,912
64.3
3,344
131,569
5,829
4.1
69,193
4,213

210,161
140,639
66.9
135,161
64.3
3,340
131,821
5,477
3.9
69,522
4,349

210,378
140,918
67.0
135,422
64.4
3,233
132,188
5,496
3.9
69,460
4,380

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,088 100,963 101,075 100,088 100,654 100,745 100,847 100,963 101,075
Civilian labor force............................ 74,623 74,983 75,231 74,680 75,120 74,917 75,412 75,233 75,313
Participation rate........................
74.6
74.3
74.4
74.6
74.6
74.4
74.8
74.5
74.5
Employed...................................... 71,825 72,317 72,552 71,623 72,217 72,063 72,407 72,352 72,378
Employment-population ratio...............
71.8
71.6
71.8
71.6
71.7
71.5
71.8
71.7
71.6
Unemployed....................................
2,799
2,666
2,679
3,057
2,903
2,854
3,005
2,881
2,936
Unemployment rate.........................
3.8
3.6
3.6
4.1
3.9
3.8
4.0
3.8
3.9
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Agriculture.................................
Nonagricultural industries..................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................

91,896
70,401
76.6
68,175
74.2
2,268
65,907
2,226
3.2

92,863
70,954
76.4
68,823
74.1
2,474
66,349
2,130
3.0

92,969
71,185
76.6
69,011
74.2
2,264
66,747
2,175
3.1

91,896
70,339
76.5
67,898
73.9
2,206
65,692
2,441
3.5

92,546
70,714
76.4
68,430
73.9
2,269
66,161
2,284
3.2

92,642
70,702
76.3
68,440
73.9
2,296
66,144
2,263
3.2

92,754
71,067
76.6
68,757
74.1
2,288
66,469
2,309
3.2

92,863
71,002
76.5
68,699
74.0
2,350
66,349
2,303
3.2

92,969
71,128
76.5
68,743
73.9
2,196
66,547
2,385
3.4

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 108,395 109,198 109,303 108,395 108,889 108,983 109,088 109,198 109,303
Civilian labor force............................ 65,138 65,374 65,662 65,017 65,642 65,482 65,330 65,406 65,605
Participation rate........................
60.1
59.9
60.1
60.0
60.3
60.1
59.9
59.9
60.0
Employed...................................... 62,565 62,716 63,219 62,317 62,962 62,686 62,505 62,809 63,044
Employment-population ratio...............
57.7
57.4
57.8
57.5
57.8
57.5
57.3
57.5
57.7
Unemployed....................................
2,573
2,658
2,443
2,700
2,680
2,796
2,824
2,597
2,560
Unemployment rate.........................
4.0
4.1
3.7
4.2
4.1
4.3
4.3
4.0
3.9
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 100,458 101,321 101,448 100,458 101,007 101,111 101,209 101,321 101,448
Civilian labor force............................ 61,292 61,552 61,747 60,955 61,596 61,508 61,260 61,386 61,481
Participation rate........................
61.0
60.7
60.9
60.7
61.0
60.8
60.5
60.6
60.6
Employed...................................... 59,238 59,370 59,788 58,800 59,278 59,222 58,949 59,268 59,417
Employment-population ratio...............
59.0
58.6
58.9
58.5
58.7
58.6
58.2
58.5
58.6
Agriculture.................................
829
787
753
800
834
792
824
744
734
Nonagricultural industries.................. 58,409 58,583 59,035 58,000 58,444 58,430 58,125 58,524 58,683
Unemployed....................................
2,054
2,182
1,959
2,155
2,318
2,286
2,311
2,118
2,065
Unemployment rate.........................
3.4
3.5
3.2
3.5
3.8
3.7
3.8
3.5
3.4
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population.............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio...............
Agriculture.................................
Nonagricultural industries..................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate.........................

16,129
8,068
50.0
6,977
43.3
196
6,781
1,091
13.5

15,977
7,852
49.1
6,840
42.8
249
6,591
1,012
12.9

15,960
7,960
49.9
6,972
43.7
260
6,712
988
12.4

16,129
8,403
52.1
7,242
44.9
232
7,010
1,161
13.8

15,991
8,452
52.9
7,471
46.7
218
7,253
981
11.6

15,974
8,189
51.3
7,087
44.4
211
6,876
1,101
13.4

15,972
8,415
52.7
7,206
45.1
232
6,974
1,209
14.4

15,977
8,251
51.6
7,195
45.0
247
6,948
1,056
12.8

15,960
8,309
52.1
7,262
45.5
304
6,958
1,047
12.6

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin

(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin
Oct.
1999

Sept.
2000

Oct.
2000

Oct.
1999

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

Oct.
2000

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population.............. 173,585 174,745 174,899 173,585 174,316 174,443 174,587 174,745 174,899
Civilian labor force............................ 116,683 117,237 117,477 116,654 117,451 117,258 117,551 117,535 117,500
Participation rate..........................
67.2
67.1
67.2
67.2
67.4
67.2
67.3
67.3
67.2
Employed...................................... 112,890 113,334 113,807 112,548 113,484 113,156 113,352 113,450 113,516
Employment-population ratio.................
65.0
64.9
65.1
64.8
65.1
64.9
64.9
64.9
64.9
Unemployed....................................
3,793
3,903
3,669
4,106
3,967
4,103
4,199
4,085
3,984
Unemployment rate...........................
3.3
3.3
3.1
3.5
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.5
3.4
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

59,784
77.0
58,235
75.0
1,549
2.6

60,227
76.9
58,660
74.9
1,567
2.6

60,258
76.9
58,724
74.9
1,535
2.5

59,777
77.0
58,043
74.7
1,734
2.9

60,074
76.9
58,409
74.8
1,666
2.8

59,950
76.7
58,302
74.6
1,647
2.7

60,358
77.1
58,701
75.0
1,657
2.7

60,275
77.0
58,543
74.7
1,732
2.9

60,272
76.9
58,548
74.7
1,724
2.9

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

50,042
60.2
48,581
58.4
1,460
2.9

50,355
60.1
48,786
58.3
1,570
3.1

50,461
60.2
49,057
58.5
1,405
2.8

49,733
59.8
48,203
58.0
1,530
3.1

50,246
60.2
48,616
58.2
1,630
3.2

50,356
60.2
48,700
58.3
1,656
3.3

50,060
59.8
48,388
57.8
1,673
3.3

50,235
60.0
48,688
58.2
1,546
3.1

50,196
59.9
48,716
58.1
1,480
2.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................
Men.......................................
Women.....................................

6,857
53.8
6,073
47.7
784
11.4
11.4
11.5

6,654
52.4
5,888
46.4
766
11.5
11.9
11.1

6,757
53.2
6,027
47.5
730
10.8
10.9
10.7

7,144
56.1
6,302
49.5
842
11.8
11.9
11.7

7,130
56.1
6,458
50.8
672
9.4
11.2
7.4

6,953
54.7
6,153
48.4
800
11.5
12.6
10.3

7,133
56.2
6,264
49.3
869
12.2
13.3
11.0

7,025
55.3
6,219
49.0
806
11.5
12.2
10.7

7,032
55.4
6,252
49.2
780
11.1
11.5
10.6

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

24,985
16,527
66.1
15,215
60.9
1,311
7.9

25,299
16,426
64.9
15,244
60.3
1,182
7.2

25,339
16,634
65.6
15,469
61.0
1,165
7.0

24,985
16,489
66.0
15,124
60.5
1,365
8.3

25,191
16,577
65.8
15,275
60.6
1,302
7.9

25,221
16,456
65.2
15,190
60.2
1,266
7.7

25,258
16,512
65.4
15,190
60.1
1,322
8.0

25,299
16,403
64.8
15,246
60.3
1,156
7.0

25,339
16,593
65.5
15,380
60.7
1,213
7.3

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

7,334
73.4
6,794
68.0
540
7.4

7,285
71.8
6,826
67.3
458
6.3

7,443
73.2
6,945
68.3
498
6.7

7,281
72.9
6,717
67.3
564
7.7

7,263
72.0
6,761
67.0
502
6.9

7,292
72.1
6,803
67.3
489
6.7

7,337
72.4
6,797
67.1
540
7.4

7,274
71.7
6,813
67.1
461
6.3

7,387
72.6
6,870
67.6
517
7.0

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

8,286
66.2
7,790
62.2
496
6.0

8,239
64.9
7,740
61.0
499
6.1

8,272
65.1
7,822
61.5
450
5.4

8,252
65.9
7,745
61.9
507
6.1

8,347
66.1
7,792
61.7
554
6.6

8,217
65.0
7,691
60.8
525
6.4

8,230
65.0
7,710
60.9
520
6.3

8,197
64.6
7,724
60.9
472
5.8

8,237
64.8
7,775
61.2
461
5.6

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................
Men.......................................
Women.....................................

906
36.5
631
25.4
275
30.3
32.7
27.9

902
36.6
677
27.5
225
24.9
25.8
24.1

919
37.4
702
28.5
217
23.6
25.3
22.3

956
38.5
662
26.7
294
30.8
35.3
26.1

967
39.2
722
29.2
245
25.4
32.0
18.2

947
38.4
696
28.2
252
26.6
25.0
27.9

945
38.4
682
27.7
262
27.8
33.7
22.5

932
37.8
709
28.8
223
23.9
26.7
21.5

969
39.4
735
29.9
234
24.2
28.0
21.0

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population..............
Civilian labor force............................
Participation rate..........................
Employed......................................
Employment-population ratio.................
Unemployed....................................
Unemployment rate...........................

21,881
14,837
67.8
13,922
63.6
915
6.2

22,555
15,525
68.8
14,666
65.0
859
5.5

22,618
15,503
68.5
14,743
65.2
760
4.9

21,881
14,809
67.7
13,879
63.4
930
6.3

22,355
15,325
68.6
14,461
64.7
864
5.6

22,422
15,188
67.7
14,339
64.0
849
5.6

22,488
15,248
67.8
14,371
63.9
876
5.7

22,555
15,536
68.9
14,666
65.0
871
5.6

22,618
15,496
68.5
14,728
65.1
767
5.0

1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not sum to totals because data for the "other races"
group are not presented and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups. Beginning in January
2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment, seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted(1)

Educational attainment
Oct.
1999

Sept.
2000

Oct.
2000

Oct.
1999

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

Oct.
2000

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................

28,246
12,039
42.6
11,303
40.0
735
6.1

28,346
12,578
44.4
11,872
41.9
706
5.6

27,931
12,162
43.5
11,437
40.9
724
6.0

28,246
12,201
43.2
11,401
40.4
800
6.6

28,227
12,004
42.5
11,239
39.8
765
6.4

27,888
12,328
44.2
11,544
41.4
784
6.4

28,306
12,441
43.9
11,677
41.3
764
6.1

28,346
12,417
43.8
11,662
41.1
755
6.1

27,931
12,312
44.1
11,518
41.2
794
6.4

57,275
37,170
64.9
36,038
62.9
1,132
3.0

57,244
36,712
64.1
35,534
62.1
1,178
3.2

57,365
36,979
64.5
35,783
62.4
1,196
3.2

57,275
37,080
64.7
35,874
62.6
1,206
3.3

57,581
36,910
64.1
35,659
61.9
1,251
3.4

57,144
37,018
64.8
35,782
62.6
1,236
3.3

56,882
36,589
64.3
35,238
62.0
1,350
3.7

57,244
36,682
64.1
35,463
62.0
1,219
3.3

57,365
36,917
64.4
35,641
62.1
1,276
3.5

43,787
32,564
74.4
31,714
72.4
851
2.6

44,191
32,683
74.0
31,866
72.1
817
2.5

44,767
33,179
74.1
32,423
72.4
755
2.3

43,787
32,203
73.5
31,330
71.6
873
2.7

44,250
33,094
74.8
32,132
72.6
962
2.9

44,724
32,952
73.7
32,029
71.6
923
2.8

44,616
33,175
74.4
32,230
72.2
946
2.9

44,191
32,934
74.5
32,091
72.6
843
2.6

44,767
32,848
73.4
32,071
71.6
778
2.4

44,986
35,992
80.0
35,420
78.7
573
1.6

45,863
36,227
79.0
35,531
77.5
696
1.9

45,785
36,161
79.0
35,612
77.8
550
1.5

44,986
35,721
79.4
35,106
78.0
615
1.7

45,092
35,988
79.8
35,437
78.6
551
1.5

45,549
35,877
78.8
35,254
77.4
623
1.7

45,718
35,903
78.5
35,250
77.1
653
1.8

45,863
36,017
78.5
35,319
77.0
697
1.9

45,785
35,916
78.4
35,329
77.2
587
1.6

High school graduates, no college(2)
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
Less than a bachelor's degree(3)
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
College graduates
Civilian noninstitutional population......
Civilian labor force....................
Percent of population...............
Employed..............................
Employment-population ratio.........
Unemployed............................
Unemployment rate...................
1
and
2
3

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation, therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
seasonally adjusted columns.
Includes high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes the categories, some college, no degree; and associate degree.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Category

Oct.
1999

Sept.
2000

Oct.
2000

Oct.
1999

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

Oct.
2000

CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over................. 134,390 135,033 135,771 133,940 135,179 134,749 134,912 135,161 135,422
Married men, spouse present..................... 43,590 43,627 43,710 43,206 43,357 43,284 43,372 43,324 43,363
Married women, spouse present................... 33,928 33,503 34,008 33,521 33,824 33,618 33,413 33,402 33,604
Women who maintain families.....................
8,407
8,633
8,475
8,398
8,280
8,483
8,519
8,548
8,441
OCCUPATION
Managerial and professional specialty...........
Technical, sales, and administrative support....
Service occupations.............................
Precision production, craft, and repair.........
Operators, fabricators, and laborers............
Farming, forestry, and fishing..................

40,973
39,035
17,444
14,776
18,675
3,487

41,106
38,810
18,019
15,005
18,482
3,612

40,977
39,440
18,229
15,083
18,663
3,378

40,718
39,023
17,694
14,836
18,340
3,365

41,148
39,270
18,090
14,888
18,430
3,368

40,784
39,239
17,877
15,236
18,296
3,309

40,937
39,026
17,675
15,263
18,592
3,400

40,963
38,966
18,128
15,156
18,501
3,395

40,696
39,480
18,582
15,113
18,327
3,274

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers.......................
1,950
2,141
2,063
1,936
2,059
2,079
2,056
2,010
2,044
Self-employed workers.........................
1,294
1,328
1,179
1,267
1,175
1,182
1,258
1,288
1,171
Unpaid family workers.........................
49
42
35
42
50
40
37
39
31
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers....................... 122,048 122,545 123,690 121,654 123,002 122,681 122,773 122,992 123,367
Government.................................. 18,796 18,827 19,009 18,817 18,777 18,497 18,496 18,979 19,047
Private industries.......................... 103,252 103,718 104,682 102,837 104,225 104,184 104,277 104,013 104,320
Private households........................
939
784
787
939
957
807
716
812
793
Other industries.......................... 102,313 102,934 103,895 101,898 103,268 103,377 103,561 103,201 103,527
Self-employed workers.........................
8,959
8,878
8,678
8,833
8,665
8,609
8,590
8,799
8,550
Unpaid family workers.........................
89
99
126
101
71
80
116
105
144
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons................
Slack work or business conditions...........
Could only find part-time work..............
Part time for noneconomic reasons.............

2,832
1,718
895
19,644

2,854
1,837
784
18,751

2,851
1,708
873
19,583

3,179
1,928
993
18,799

3,117
1,811
1,022
18,308

3,071
1,846
900
18,558

3,164
1,997
855
18,709

3,189
2,101
815
18,456

3,200
1,900
973
18,704

Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons................
Slack work or business conditions...........
Could only find part-time work..............
Part time for noneconomic reasons.............

2,666
1,600
876
19,081

2,724
1,747
769
18,147

2,704
1,609
856
19,030

2,983
1,807
964
18,249

2,967
1,713
994
17,743

2,940
1,750
881
18,041

3,038
1,924
838
18,190

3,021
1,983
804
17,879

3,031
1,810
945
18,158

NOTE: Persons at work excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs during the entire reference week for
reasons such as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute. Part time for noneconomic reasons excludes persons who usually
work full time but worked only 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as holidays, illness, and bad
weather. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates(1)

Category
Oct.
1999

Sept.
2000

Oct.
2000

Oct.
1999

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

Oct.
2000

Total, 16 years and over.........................
Men, 20 years and over.........................
Women, 20 years and over.......................
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years.....................

5,757
2,441
2,155
1,161

5,477
2,303
2,118
1,056

5,496
2,385
2,065
1,047

4.1
3.5
3.5
13.8

4.0
3.2
3.8
11.6

4.0
3.2
3.7
13.4

4.1
3.2
3.8
14.4

3.9
3.2
3.5
12.8

3.9
3.4
3.4
12.6

Married men, spouse present....................
Married women, spouse present..................
Women who maintain families....................

988
858
540

919
946
477

894
835
477

2.2
2.5
6.0

1.9
2.6
6.1

2.0
2.8
5.6

2.0
2.9
6.0

2.1
2.8
5.3

2.0
2.4
5.4

Full-time workers..............................
Part-time workers..............................

4,614
1,146

4,386
1,081

4,443
1,060

4.0
4.7

3.8
4.8

3.7
5.3

4.0
5.0

3.8
4.6

3.8
4.4

759
1,422
613
1,233
207

739
1,380
540
1,207
192

736
1,475
525
1,258
249

1.8
3.5
4.0
6.3
5.8

1.6
3.6
3.5
6.1
5.0

1.9
3.6
3.5
6.3
5.7

1.9
4.0
3.1
6.4
6.4

1.8
3.4
3.4
6.1
5.4

1.8
3.6
3.4
6.4
7.1

4,489
1,286
29
523
734
425
309
3,203
244
1,343
185
1,431
400
161

4,316
1,264
29
519
717
374
343
3,052
274
1,299
157
1,321
390
170

4,368
1,374
37
519
819
465
354
2,994
212
1,316
190
1,276
390
207

4.2
4.5
5.0
6.7
3.7
3.5
4.0
4.1
3.1
4.9
2.3
4.0
2.1
7.7

4.0
4.1
3.5
5.9
3.4
3.5
3.1
4.0
2.7
5.2
2.3
3.8
2.5
7.3

4.1
4.3
5.1
5.9
3.6
3.3
4.0
4.1
3.2
5.0
2.1
4.0
2.1
7.0

4.1
4.4
4.6
6.5
3.5
3.1
4.3
4.1
3.1
5.1
2.5
3.8
2.4
8.5

4.0
4.5
5.8
6.4
3.6
3.1
4.4
3.8
3.3
4.7
2.0
3.6
2.0
7.8

4.0
4.8
7.1
6.5
4.1
3.8
4.5
3.7
2.7
4.7
2.4
3.5
2.0
9.2

CHARACTERISTIC

OCCUPATION(2)
Managerial and professional specialty..........
Technical, sales, and administrative support...
Precision production, craft, and repair........
Operators, fabricators, and laborers...........
Farming, forestry, and fishing.................
INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries...................
Mining.....................................
Construction...............................
Manufacturing..............................
Durable goods............................
Nondurable goods.........................
Service-producing industries.................
Transportation and public utilities........
Wholesale and retail trade.................
Finance, insurance, and real estate........
Services...................................
Government workers.............................
Agricultural wage and salary workers...........
1 Unemployment as a percent of the
2 Seasonally adjusted unemployment
is small relative to the trend-cycle
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000,

civilian labor force.
data for service occupations are not available because the seasonal component, which
and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Duration
Oct.
1999

Sept.
2000

Oct.
2000

Oct.
1999

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

Oct.
2000

Less than 5 weeks................................
5 to 14 weeks....................................
15 weeks and over................................
15 to 26 weeks................................
27 weeks and over.............................

2,359
1,664
1,348
646
702

2,547
1,583
1,194
571
623

2,330
1,548
1,244
647
597

2,545
1,811
1,434
719
715

2,595
1,759
1,242
593
649

2,470
1,812
1,331
654
677

2,594
1,846
1,384
679
705

2,487
1,717
1,226
602
624

2,497
1,703
1,320
715
605

Average (mean) duration, in weeks................
Median duration, in weeks........................

13.8
6.1

12.1
5.2

13.0
6.0

13.2
6.3

12.4
5.8

13.3
6.0

13.0
6.2

11.9
5.2

12.4
6.2

100.0
43.9
31.0
25.1
12.0
13.1

100.0
47.8
29.7
22.4
10.7
11.7

100.0
45.5
30.2
24.3
12.6
11.6

100.0
44.0
31.3
24.8
12.4
12.3

100.0
46.4
31.4
22.2
10.6
11.6

100.0
44.0
32.3
23.7
11.7
12.1

100.0
44.5
31.7
23.8
11.7
12.1

100.0
45.8
31.6
22.6
11.1
11.5

100.0
45.2
30.9
23.9
13.0
11.0

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed.................................
Less than 5 weeks..............................
5 to 14 weeks..................................
15 weeks and over..............................
15 to 26 weeks...............................
27 weeks and over............................
NOTE:

Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Reason
Oct.
1999

Sept.
2000

Oct.
2000

Oct.
1999

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

Oct.
2000

2,162
535
1,626
1,097
529
789
1,956
466

2,258
595
1,662
1,104
558
853
1,832
382

2,076
531
1,544
1,066
479
846
1,838
363

2,518
802
1,716
(1)
(1)
778
1,958
511

2,450
959
1,491
(1)
(1)
671
2,076
343

2,417
856
1,561
(1)
(1)
799
1,961
402

2,615
940
1,674
(1)
(1)
782
1,919
514

2,511
823
1,688
(1)
(1)
746
1,774
411

2,428
791
1,637
(1)
(1)
837
1,842
383

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

100.0

40.2
10.0
30.3
14.7
36.4
8.7

42.4
11.2
31.2
16.0
34.4
7.2

40.5
10.4
30.1
16.5
35.9
7.1

43.7
13.9
29.8
13.5
34.0
8.9

44.2
17.3
26.9
12.1
37.5
6.2

43.3
15.3
28.0
14.3
35.1
7.2

44.8
16.1
28.7
13.4
32.9
8.8

46.2
15.1
31.0
13.7
32.6
7.5

44.2
14.4
29.8
15.3
33.5
7.0

1.5
.6
1.4
.3

1.6
.6
1.3
.3

1.5
.6
1.3
.3

1.8
.6
1.4
.4

1.7
.5
1.5
.2

1.7
.6
1.4
.3

1.9
.6
1.4
.4

1.8
.5
1.3
.3

1.7
.6
1.3
.3

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs...........................................
On temporary layoff.............................
Not on temporary layoff.........................
Permanent job losers..........................
Persons who completed temporary jobs..........
Job leavers.......................................
Reentrants........................................
New entrants......................................
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed..................................
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs...........................................
On temporary layoff............................
Not on temporary layoff........................
Job leavers......................................
Reentrants.......................................
New entrants.....................................
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed temporary
jobs...........................................
Job leavers......................................
Reentrants.......................................
New entrants.....................................

1 Not available.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-8. Range of alternative measures of labor underutilization
(Percent)

Not seasonally
adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Measure

Oct.
1999

Sept.
2000

Oct.
2000

Oct.
1999

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

Oct.
2000

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer, as a percent of
the civilian labor force................................

1.0

.9

.9

1.0

.9

.9

1.0

.9

.9

U-2 Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs, as
a percent of the civilian labor force...................

1.5

1.6

1.5

1.8

1.7

1.7

1.9

1.8

1.7

U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the civilian labor
force (official unemployment rate)......................

3.8

3.8

3.6

4.1

4.0

4.0

4.1

3.9

3.9

U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged workers, as a percent
of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers....

4.0

4.0

3.8

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged workers, plus all
other marginally attached workers, as a percent of the
civilian labor force plus all marginally
attached workers........................................

4.7

4.6

4.3

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

U-6 Total unemployed, plus all marginally attached workers,
plus total employed part time for economic reasons,
as a percent of the civilian labor force plus all
marginally attached workers.............................

6.7

6.6

6.3

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

(1)

1 Not available.
NOTE: This range of alternative measures of labor underutilization replaces the U1-U7 range published in table A-7 of
this release prior to 1994. Marginally attached workers are persons who currently are neither working nor looking for work
but indicate that they want and are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the recent past. Discouraged
workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for a job.
Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are available for full-time work but have had to
settle for a part-time schedule. For further information, see "BLS introduces new range of alternative unemployment
measures," in the October 1995 issue of the Monthly Labor Review. Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised
population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates(1)

Age and sex

Oct.
1999

Sept.
2000

Oct.
2000

Oct.
1999

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000

Oct.
2000

Total, 16 years and over..........................
16 to 24 years..................................
16 to 19 years................................
16 to 17 years..............................
18 to 19 years..............................
20 to 24 years................................
25 years and over...............................
25 to 54 years................................
55 years and over.............................

5,757
2,247
1,161
536
623
1,086
3,510
3,043
472

5,477
1,977
1,056
519
554
921
3,518
3,009
518

5,496
2,047
1,047
470
583
1,000
3,441
2,943
528

4.1
10.0
13.8
15.9
12.4
7.7
3.0
3.1
2.7

4.0
9.0
11.6
13.1
10.6
7.5
3.0
3.1
2.3

4.0
9.2
13.4
16.5
11.5
6.8
3.0
3.2
2.4

4.1
9.4
14.4
17.1
12.6
6.4
3.1
3.2
2.6

3.9
8.7
12.8
15.7
11.2
6.4
3.0
3.0
2.8

3.9
8.9
12.6
14.9
11.3
6.8
2.9
3.0
2.9

Men, 16 years and over..........................
16 to 24 years................................
16 to 19 years..............................
16 to 17 years............................
18 to 19 years............................
20 to 24 years..............................
25 years and over.............................
25 to 54 years..............................
55 years and over...........................

3,057
1,222
616
268
346
606
1,842
1,578
278

2,881
1,104
578
295
279
527
1,778
1,518
265

2,936
1,128
551
280
266
576
1,810
1,536
288

4.1
10.4
14.2
15.5
13.2
8.2
2.9
3.0
2.8

3.9
9.5
14.1
15.6
13.3
6.8
2.8
2.9
2.2

3.8
9.6
14.0
17.4
11.9
7.1
2.8
2.8
2.4

4.0
10.1
16.0
16.9
15.5
6.7
2.8
2.9
2.7

3.8
9.3
13.6
17.4
11.0
6.9
2.8
2.8
2.6

3.9
9.4
13.2
17.7
10.3
7.4
2.9
2.9
2.9

Women, 16 years and over........................
16 to 24 years................................
16 to 19 years..............................
16 to 17 years............................
18 to 19 years............................
20 to 24 years..............................
25 years and over.............................
25 to 54 years..............................
55 years and over...........................

2,700
1,025
545
268
277
480
1,668
1,465
194

2,597
872
479
225
275
394
1,740
1,491
253

2,560
919
496
190
317
423
1,631
1,407
240

4.2
9.6
13.4
16.3
11.4
7.2
3.1
3.2
2.5

4.1
8.5
8.9
10.4
7.8
8.2
3.2
3.4
2.4

4.3
8.9
12.8
15.5
11.0
6.5
3.3
3.5
2.3

4.3
8.6
12.6
17.3
9.4
6.2
3.5
3.6
2.6

4.0
8.0
11.9
13.9
11.3
5.7
3.2
3.2
3.1

3.9
8.4
12.0
12.2
12.3
6.2
3.0
3.0
2.9

1 Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-10. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)

Total

Men

Women

Category
Oct.
1999

Oct.
2000

Oct.
1999

Oct.
2000

Oct.
1999

Oct.
2000

68,722
4,020
1,184

69,485
4,051
1,036

25,465
1,657
588

25,844
1,618
423

43,257
2,363
596

43,640
2,433
613

271
913

230
806

160
428

112
311

111
485

118
495

Total multiple jobholders(4)......................................
Percent of total employed.....................................

8,014
6.0

7,550
5.6

4,245
5.9

3,956
5.5

3,769
6.0

3,594
5.7

Primary job full time, secondary job part time................
Primary and secondary jobs both part time.....................
Primary and secondary jobs both full time.....................
Hours vary on primary or secondary job........................

4,462
1,672
308
1,511

4,183
1,596
292
1,420

2,630
504
204
868

2,387
536
209
790

1,832
1,168
104
643

1,796
1,060
84
629

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE

Total not in the labor force......................................
Persons who currently want a job................................
Searched for work and available to work now(1)...............
Reason not currently looking:
Discouragement over job prospects(2)....................
Reasons other than discouragement(3)....................
MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS

1 Data refer to persons who have searched for work during the prior 12 months and were available to take a job during the
reference week.
2 Includes thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and
other types of discrimination.
3 Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as child-care and transportation
problems, as well as a small number for which reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4 Includes persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Beginning in January 2000, data reflect revised population controls used in the household survey.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry
(In thousands)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Oct.
1999

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000p

Oct.
2000p

Oct.
1999

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000p

Oct.
2000p

Total1........................ 130,381 131,351 132,043 132,699 129,523 131,647 131,607 131,528 131,723 131,860
Total private.................... 109,833 112,042 111,766 111,907 109,275 110,845 111,001 111,018 111,248 111,365
Goods-producing.........................

25,764

26,112

25,966

25,927

25,483

25,700

25,756

25,644

25,610

25,648

Mining................................
Metal mining........................
Coal mining.........................
Oil and gas extraction..............
Nonmetallic minerals, except fuels..

534
44.3
82.7
292.4
114.9

545
44.2
79.7
308.1
113.2

548
43.8
80.0
312.0
111.7

549
44.4
80.1
312.3
111.7

529
45
83
289
112

539
44
79
306
110

538
43
79
306
110

537
44
80
304
109

539
44
80
307
108

543
45
80
309
109

Construction..........................
6,697
7,049
6,979
6,968
General building contractors........ 1,489.7 1,574.9 1,543.3 1,542.5
Heavy construction, except building.
942.7
959.5
961.6
953.5
Special trade contractors........... 4,265.0 4,514.7 4,474.4 4,471.5

6,470
1,464
872
4,134

6,668
1,498
877
4,293

6,670
1,498
881
4,291

6,675
1,505
882
4,288

6,708
1,510
882
4,316

6,742
1,519
883
4,340

Manufacturing.........................
Production workers................

18,533
12,748

18,518
12,688

18,439
12,652

18,410
12,627

18,484
12,702

18,493
12,683

18,548
12,741

18,432
12,630

18,363
12,582

18,363
12,583

Durable goods........................
Production workers................
Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Computer and office equipment.....
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Electronic components and
accessories....................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Aircraft and parts................
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

11,095
7,589
838.0
554.5
569.0
696.7

11,099
7,560
830.4
556.0
576.0
693.6

11,058
7,551
822.1
555.0
572.1
691.6

11,054
7,545
818.1
554.7
571.1
688.7

11,083
7,581
831
553
562
697

11,120
7,593
827
558
568
699

11,161
7,629
825
564
571
698

11,087
7,567
818
555
566
695

11,044
7,541
815
555
564
691

11,044
7,536
812
553
564
689

226.8
226.0
223.5
221.1
1,521.7 1,535.9 1,533.3 1,537.2
2,123.4 2,124.1 2,116.5 2,116.1
369.5
363.6
362.1
360.3

(2)
1,519
2,130
369

(2)
1,540
2,130
360

(2)
1,539
2,137
361

(2)
1,539
2,133
363

(2)
1,533
2,122
362

(2)
1,535
2,123
360

1,672.5 1,716.9 1,715.7 1,720.3

1,672

1,697

1,719

1,718

1,714

1,720

636.8
676.1
680.1
686.6
1,868.8 1,818.9 1,807.3 1,801.8
1,020.6
997.4
989.5
982.3
477.5
454.7
456.0
455.4
848.0
850.5
846.8
847.2
402.2
396.6
397.8
398.9

638
1,873
1,022
478
849
397

661
1,864
1,030
460
844
393

670
1,863
1,029
460
849
396

675
1,818
993
456
849
396

681
1,808
986
456
847
395

688
1,806
983
456
848
394

7,438
5,159
1,701.6
40.3
551.2
680.1
663.8
1,550.4
1,030.7
134.6
1,007.6
77.7

7,401
5,121
1,673
38
550
674
665
1,551
1,032
133
1,008
77

7,373
5,090
1,679
37
542
652
663
1,558
1,028
132
1,008
74

7,387
5,112
1,680
37
544
656
662
1,561
1,026
131
1,014
76

7,345
5,063
1,670
34
542
644
660
1,560
1,024
132
1,005
74

7,319
5,041
1,659
36
539
637
659
1,560
1,024
132
999
74

7,319
5,047
1,671
36
534
632
660
1,560
1,022
131
1,001
72

Nondurable goods.....................
Production workers................
Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

7,419
7,381
7,356
5,128
5,101
5,082
1,729.0 1,712.5 1,699.2
34.2
37.7
37.7
541.5
540.4
535.1
647.2
643.6
638.0
662.0
659.0
658.5
1,559.9 1,556.9 1,559.4
1,028.2 1,023.5 1,021.4
135.3
133.8
133.3
1,007.1
999.8 1,000.1
74.3
73.8
72.9

Service-producing1...................... 104,617 105,239 106,077 106,772 104,040 105,947 105,851 105,884 106,113 106,212
Transportation and public utilities...
6,924
6,922
7,077
7,107
Transportation......................
4,490
4,520
4,594
4,616
Railroad transportation...........
227.1
221.1
221.1
220.3
Local and interurban passenger
transit........................
506.4
437.2
514.0
521.2
Trucking and warehousing.......... 1,846.7 1,874.0 1,874.8 1,878.8
Water transportation..............
191.1
213.1
210.7
208.9
Transportation by air............. 1,240.2 1,284.4 1,283.5 1,293.7
Pipelines, except natural gas.....
12.5
12.6
12.4
12.4
Transportation services...........
465.6
477.9
477.8
480.7
Communications and public utilities.
2,434
2,402
2,483
2,491
Communications.................... 1,574.0 1,541.0 1,628.3 1,636.7
Electric, gas, and sanitary
services.......................
860.1
861.2
855.1
854.0

6,875
4,441
226

6,985
4,510
217

7,010
4,536
219

6,941
4,549
221

7,034
4,550
219

7,057
4,565
219

489
1,818
190
1,241
13
464
2,434
1,572

493
1,834
202
1,279
12
473
2,475
1,619

502
1,846
199
1,282
13
475
2,474
1,618

503
1,845
204
1,288
12
476
2,392
1,537

501
1,848
205
1,288
12
477
2,484
1,628

503
1,849
208
1,295
12
479
2,492
1,636

862

856

856

855

856

856

6,982
4,153
2,829
22,858

7,089
4,218
2,871
23,350

7,074
4,201
2,873
23,217

7,094
4,203
2,891
23,163

6,973
4,155
2,818
22,863

7,049
4,195
2,854
23,122

7,050
4,205
2,845
23,196

7,062
4,202
2,860
23,191

7,069
4,204
2,865
23,170

7,084
4,204
2,880
23,174

998.2
2,787.6
2,440.3
3,502.2

1,039.7
2,690.9
2,345.2
3,537.4

1,016.6
2,701.7
2,355.5
3,512.0

1,010.7
2,766.4
2,414.5
3,530.8

1,004
2,752
2,408
3,496

1,018
2,741
2,386
3,515

1,018
2,727
2,373
3,519

1,021
2,740
2,393
3,522

1,016
2,746
2,395
3,522

1,016
2,734
2,384
3,525

2,381.8 2,444.2 2,431.9 2,439.4
1,091.4 1,119.8 1,120.3 1,123.3
1,187.8 1,208.3 1,198.2 1,207.3

2,377
1,089
1,186

2,412
1,110
1,197

2,411
1,111
1,206

2,418
1,115
1,202

2,420
1,117
1,212

2,434
1,121
1,206

1,093.7 1,111.2 1,111.9 1,126.2
7,882.1 8,293.7 8,194.5 7,988.6
3,024.5 3,024.8 3,050.2 3,093.6

1,093
7,950
3,005

1,118
8,071
3,050

1,119
8,132
3,064

1,121
8,099
3,068

1,121
8,063
3,070

1,126
8,060
3,073

Finance, insurance, and real estate...
7,578
7,685
7,619
7,614
Finance.............................
3,691
3,735
3,719
3,719
Depository institutions........... 2,054.5 2,047.9 2,029.5 2,027.7
Commercial banks................ 1,469.3 1,459.1 1,443.9 1,441.1
Savings institutions............
248.5
240.8
238.3
237.7
Nondepository institutions........
702.7
684.3
684.7
683.0
Mortgage bankers and brokers....
345.3
320.2
321.3
319.6
Security and commodity brokers....
702.0
760.0
760.9
763.2
Holding and other investment
offices........................
231.4
242.6
243.8
245.4
Insurance...........................
2,374
2,365
2,348
2,351
Insurance carriers................ 1,609.0 1,592.5 1,578.2 1,577.9
Insurance agents, brokers, and
service........................
765.2
772.6
770.1
773.1
Real estate.........................
1,513
1,585
1,552
1,544

7,599
3,704
2,063
1,475
250
706
348
703

7,588
3,705
2,042
1,454
242
682
321
741

7,586
3,708
2,036
1,449
240
683
321
748

7,608
3,717
2,037
1,450
240
683
319
753

7,617
3,728
2,035
1,448
239
688
323
760

7,637
3,733
2,036
1,447
239
687
322
764

232
2,378
1,612

240
2,359
1,593

241
2,354
1,585

244
2,358
1,587

245
2,352
1,581

246
2,355
1,581

766
1,517

766
1,524

769
1,524

771
1,533

771
1,537

774
1,549

39,482
774
1,863
1,247
9,465
997
3,712
3,327

40,401
788
1,922
1,271
9,773
997
3,873
3,444

40,403
794
1,925
1,273
9,768
1,002
3,851
3,433

40,572
799
1,921
1,285
9,800
1,000
3,865
3,436

40,748
801
1,922
1,285
9,927
999
3,898
3,502

40,765
805
1,926
1,292
9,840
998
3,847
3,420

Wholesale trade.......................
Durable goods.......................
Nondurable goods....................
Retail trade..........................
Building materials and garden
supplies.........................
General merchandise stores..........
Department stores.................
Food stores.........................
Automotive dealers and service
stations.........................
New and used car dealers..........
Apparel and accessory stores........
Furniture and home furnishings
stores...........................
Eating and drinking places..........
Miscellaneous retail establishments.

Services3.............................
Agricultural services...............
Hotels and other lodging places.....
Personal services...................
Business services...................
Services to buildings.............
Personnel supply services.........
Help supply services............

39,727
802.6
1,868.0
1,216.0
9,644.6
999.6
3,871.2
3,476.6

40,884
870.1
2,072.5
1,238.6
9,920.9
1,009.8
3,960.2
3,532.8

40,813
844.6
1,977.5
1,248.6
9,965.9
1,006.0
3,999.9
3,563.2

41,002
834.1
1,931.0
1,259.5
10014.2
1,000.9
4,019.4
3,575.2

Computer and data processing
services.......................
Auto repair, services, and parking..
Miscellaneous repair services.......
Motion pictures.....................
Amusement and recreation services...
Health services.....................
Offices and clinics of medical
doctors........................
Nursing and personal care
facilities.....................
Hospitals.........................
Home health care services.........
Legal services......................
Educational services................
Social services.....................
Child day care services...........
Residential care..................
Museums and botanical and zoological
gardens...........................
Membership organizations............
Engineering and management services.
Engineering and architectural
services.......................
Management and public relations...
Services, nec.......................
Government1...........................
Federal1............................
Federal, except Postal Service1...
State...............................
Education.........................
Other State government............
Local...............................
Education.........................
Other local government............

1,866.2
1,191.3
380.0
613.3
1,633.6
10025.9

1,955.9
1,209.2
386.8
618.9
1,754.0
10198.0

1,874
1,191
379
624
1,691
10,027

1,933
1,191
384
635
1,789
10,116

1,950
1,194
384
634
1,795
10,143

1,951
1,198
384
636
1,808
10,161

1,956
1,199
385
629
1,787
10,183

1,964
1,209
386
629
1,815
10,200

1,891.9 1,942.6 1,942.8 1,952.0

1,893

1,928

1,930

1,935

1,945

1,953

1,786.9
3,992.3
637.4
998.6
2,451.9
2,854.6
724.9
787.7

1,795.6
4,036.2
646.3
1,011.9
2,536.1
3,021.0
792.8
834.5

1,785
3,992
636
1,003
2,299
2,845
708
790

1,786
4,008
642
1,009
2,374
2,945
760
820

1,787
4,018
645
1,012
2,374
2,919
768
826

1,793
4,021
646
1,014
2,395
2,955
774
827

1,793
4,033
644
1,014
2,376
2,997
769
833

1,794
4,035
645
1,016
2,378
3,013
775
837

99.6
110.1
103.1
103.6
2,416.4 2,472.2 2,425.2 2,435.2
3,286.4 3,449.3 3,430.4 3,445.0

99
2,431
3,300

103
2,441
3,415

103
2,429
3,411

103
2,433
3,435

102
2,448
3,449

103
2,450
3,459

964.4 1,024.7 1,013.9 1,015.8
1,054.2 1,124.0 1,123.2 1,127.8
52.0
52.7
51.9
51.8

964
1,054
(2)

1,005
1,110
(2)

1,007
1,107
(2)

1,010
1,118
(2)

1,012
1,119
(2)

1,015
1,128
(2)

20,248
2,647
1,779
4,722
1,979
2,743
12,879
7,308
5,571

20,802
3,092
2,230
4,716
1,967
2,749
12,994
7,361
5,633

20,606
2,819
1,954
4,744
1,994
2,750
13,043
7,394
5,649

20,510
2,657
1,790
4,765
2,002
2,763
13,088
7,411
5,677

20,475
2,632
1,767
4,770
2,001
2,769
13,073
7,385
5,688

20,495
2,632
1,769
4,775
2,004
2,771
13,088
7,391
5,697

20,548
2,631
1,768.3
4,844
2,108.6
2,735.0
13,073
7,566.7
5,506.2

1,953.1
1,203.0
387.3
649.8
2,093.6
10177.6

1,798.2
4,027.5
644.0
1,019.5
2,060.0
2,915.2
709.5
831.2

19,309
2,659
1,802.1
4,506
1,708.1
2,797.9
12,144
6,238.5
5,905.3

1,949.4
1,200.0
384.9
620.6
1,881.2
10172.1

1,794.4
4,028.8
643.6
1,009.0
2,319.3
2,986.3
778.1
829.4

20,277
2,622
1,765.2
4,745
1,965.8
2,779.3
12,910
7,236.0
5,673.7

20,792
2,615
1,758.0
4,899
2,135.7
2,763.1
13,278
7,646.5
5,631.2

1 Current employment levels in these series are affected by the hiring of temporary workers for Census 2000.
Estimates of these workers are 32,000, 72,000, 189,000, 262,000, 618,000, 480,000, 199,000, 33,000, 5,000, and 6,000 in
January, February, March, April, May, June, July, August, September, and October 2000, respectively. Preliminary
estimates for these series may be subject to larger than normal revisions.
2 These series are not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
3 Includes other industries, not shown separately.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by industry

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Oct.
1999

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000p

Oct.
2000p

Oct.
1999

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000p

Oct.
2000p

Total private....................

34.6

34.7

34.5

34.7

34.5

34.5

34.4

34.3

34.4

34.3

Goods-producing.........................

41.5

41.1

41.3

41.2

41.1

40.9

41.1

40.8

40.5

40.8

Mining................................

44.5

45.0

46.0

45.7

44.1

44.7

45.3

44.6

45.3

45.2

Construction..........................

40.0

40.2

40.0

40.1

39.1

38.7

39.3

39.2

38.5

39.2

Manufacturing.........................
Overtime hours....................

42.0
4.9

41.4
4.6

41.7
4.8

41.5
4.6

41.8
4.7

41.6
4.6

41.7
4.6

41.4
4.5

41.2
4.4

41.3
4.4

Durable goods........................
Overtime hours....................

42.5
4.9

41.9
4.7

42.2
4.9

42.0
4.7

42.3
4.8

42.2
4.8

42.4
4.7

41.9
4.6

41.7
4.5

41.8
4.6

Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

41.4
40.5
44.0
44.3

40.9
39.8
43.8
43.5

41.0
40.2
44.0
43.9

41.0
39.6
43.9
43.4

41.1
40.1
43.5
44.3

40.8
39.9
42.9
43.9

41.1
39.7
43.7
44.3

40.4
39.4
43.2
43.7

40.5
39.3
43.2
43.7

40.7
39.3
43.4
43.4

44.9
42.5
42.2

44.3
42.1
42.0

44.5
42.4
42.0

43.8
42.2
42.1

45.2
42.2
42.3

45.0
42.4
42.5

45.2
42.6
42.6

44.4
42.1
42.2

44.6
41.9
41.7

44.1
41.9
42.2

41.8
44.0
45.2
41.4
40.1

41.0
43.1
44.0
41.0
39.5

41.5
43.5
44.3
41.1
39.7

41.4
43.3
44.1
40.8
39.7

41.6
43.8
45.0
41.5
39.8

41.4
44.0
45.3
41.3
39.4

41.9
43.9
44.5
41.6
39.7

41.0
43.4
44.5
41.1
39.4

41.1
42.7
43.2
41.1
39.2

41.2
43.0
43.9
40.9
39.3

Nondurable goods.....................
Overtime hours....................

41.3
4.7

40.6
4.4

41.0
4.7

40.8
4.4

41.0
4.5

40.7
4.3

40.7
4.3

40.6
4.2

40.6
4.2

40.5
4.2

Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

42.4
42.3
41.5
37.7
43.8
38.6
43.1
43.2
41.6
37.8

41.7
40.2
40.9
37.0
42.1
38.0
42.9
44.1
41.0
37.8

42.2
41.5
41.1
36.9
43.0
38.4
43.2
45.2
41.4
38.0

41.8
40.3
41.0
36.8
43.0
38.3
43.2
45.2
41.1
37.8

41.9
40.8
41.2
37.5
43.5
38.3
43.0
(2)
41.5
37.6

41.5
39.4
41.1
37.0
42.8
38.2
42.9
(2)
41.4
37.8

41.2
40.5
41.2
37.3
42.4
38.1
43.4
(2)
41.4
37.1

41.5
39.9
40.7
36.9
42.4
37.9
43.0
(2)
41.2
37.1

41.4
40.6
40.8
36.7
42.7
37.9
43.0
(2)
41.1
37.4

41.3
38.9
40.7
36.6
42.7
38.0
43.1
(2)
41.0
37.6

Service-producing.......................

32.8

33.1

32.7

33.0

32.9

32.9

32.7

32.7

32.8

32.7

Transportation and public utilities...

38.4

38.7

38.8

39.3

38.4

38.4

38.8

38.2

38.6

39.0

Wholesale trade.......................

38.5

38.3

38.4

38.6

38.6

38.6

38.5

38.3

38.5

38.2

Retail trade..........................

28.9

29.5

28.8

29.0

29.0

29.0

28.8

28.8

28.8

28.9

Finance, insurance, and real estate...

36.1

36.0

36.1

36.7

36.4

36.5

36.3

36.1

36.4

36.2

Services..............................

32.7

32.9

32.5

32.8

32.7

32.7

32.5

32.6

32.7

32.5

1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; construction workers in construction; and
nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real
estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2 This series is not published seasonally adjusted because the seasonal component, which is small relative to the
trend-cycle and irregular components, cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry

Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry
Oct.
1999

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000p

Oct.
2000p

Total private....................
Seasonally adjusted.............

$13.41
13.38

Goods-producing.........................

Oct.
1999

$13.67
13.80

$13.87
13.83

$13.95
13.89

$463.99
461.61

15.07

15.50

15.61

15.63

Mining................................

17.05

16.94

17.04

Construction..........................

17.54

18.04

Manufacturing.........................

14.03

14.37

Durable goods........................
Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

14.55
11.60
11.33
14.00
16.01

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000p

Oct.
2000p

$474.35
473.34

$478.52
475.75

$484.07
476.43

625.41

637.05

644.69

643.96

17.06

758.73

762.30

783.84

779.64

18.18

18.23

701.60

725.21

727.20

731.02

14.49

14.51

589.26

594.92

604.23

602.17

14.93
11.83
11.82
14.41
16.57

15.05
11.88
11.88
14.54
16.66

15.06
11.93
11.88
14.60
16.53

618.38
480.24
458.87
616.00
709.24

625.57
483.85
470.44
631.16
720.80

635.11
487.08
477.58
639.76
731.37

632.52
489.13
470.45
640.94
717.40

18.90
13.52
15.18

19.56
13.90
15.66

19.58
14.01
15.75

19.20
14.02
15.72

848.61
574.60
640.60

866.51
585.19
657.72

871.31
594.02
661.50

840.96
591.64
661.81

13.60
18.41
18.85
14.36
11.45

13.81
19.02
19.58
14.65
11.60

13.82
19.30
19.88
14.76
11.71

13.86
19.34
19.96
14.81
11.78

568.48
810.04
852.02
594.50
459.15

566.21
819.76
861.52
600.65
458.20

573.53
839.55
880.68
606.64
464.89

573.80
837.42
880.24
604.25
467.67

Nondurable goods.....................
Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

13.25
12.09
17.82
10.73
8.99
16.09
13.98
17.61
21.62
12.42
9.91

13.52
12.40
20.95
10.97
9.09
16.18
14.29
17.94
21.01
12.81
10.15

13.64
12.52
18.73
11.06
9.17
16.32
14.47
18.10
21.15
12.87
10.21

13.65
12.46
18.08
11.03
9.16
16.36
14.47
18.15
21.47
12.89
10.21

547.23
512.62
753.79
445.30
338.92
704.74
539.63
758.99
933.98
516.67
374.60

548.91
517.08
842.19
448.67
336.33
681.18
543.02
769.63
926.54
525.21
383.67

559.24
528.34
777.30
454.57
338.37
701.76
555.65
781.92
955.98
532.82
387.98

556.92
520.83
728.62
452.23
337.09
703.48
554.20
784.08
970.44
529.78
385.94

Service-producing.......................

12.87

13.10

13.32

13.43

422.14

433.61

435.56

443.19

Transportation and public utilities...

15.78

16.22

16.31

16.37

605.95

627.71

632.83

643.34

Wholesale trade.......................

14.74

15.17

15.33

15.46

567.49

581.01

588.67

596.76

Retail trade..........................

9.21

9.40

9.56

9.57

266.17

277.30

275.33

277.53

Finance, insurance, and real estate...

14.69

14.99

15.11

15.26

530.31

539.64

545.47

560.04

Services..............................

13.51

13.70

13.96

14.09

441.78

450.73

453.70

462.15

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4. Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm
payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted

Percent
change
from:
Sept. 2000Oct. 2000

Oct.
1999

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000p

Oct.
2000p

Total private:
Current dollars..............
Constant (1982) dollars2.....

$13.38
7.87

$13.70
7.85

$13.75
7.86

$13.80
7.90

$13.83
7.87

$13.89
N.A.

0.4
(3)

Goods-producing...............
Mining......................
Construction................
Manufacturing...............
Excluding overtime4.......

14.99
17.09
17.33
14.06
13.31

15.34
17.24
17.77
14.36
13.60

15.40
17.23
17.90
14.39
13.64

15.45
17.05
17.93
14.43
13.69

15.45
17.04
17.98
14.42
13.73

15.55
17.09
18.01
14.53
13.80

.6
.3
.2
.8
.5

Service-producing.............
Transportation and public
utilities................
Wholesale trade.............
Retail trade................
Finance, insurance, and real
estate...................
Services....................

12.86

13.19

13.23

13.28

13.33

13.38

.4

15.79
14.75
9.18

16.28
15.16
9.43

16.17
15.22
9.45

16.26
15.24
9.49

16.30
15.35
9.53

16.38
15.38
9.54

.5
.2
.1

14.73
13.51

15.05
13.82

15.03
13.89

15.12
13.94

15.18
13.97

15.19
14.04

.1
.5

Industry

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
2 The Consumer Price Index for Urban Wage Earners and Clerical Workers (CPI-W) is used to
deflate this series.
3 Change was -.4 percent from August 2000 to September 2000, the latest month available.
4 Derived by assuming that overtime hours are paid at the rate of time and one-half.
N.A. = not available.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry
(1982=100)

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Oct.
1999

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000p

Oct.
2000p

Oct.
1999

June
2000

July
2000

Aug.
2000

Sept.
2000p

Oct.
2000p

Total private....................

150.3

154.2

152.7

153.8

149.3

151.3

151.4

150.9

151.4

151.5

Goods-producing.........................

118.9

119.3

119.2

118.7

116.0

116.3

117.4

115.8

114.9

115.7

Mining................................

51.6

52.3

53.4

53.1

50.3

51.4

51.9

50.8

51.6

51.7

Construction..........................

189.8

201.2

198.0

197.6

177.5

181.4

184.1

183.3

181.3

185.3

Manufacturing.........................

107.9

105.9

106.4

105.8

107.0

106.4

107.2

105.3

104.6

104.8

Durable goods........................
Lumber and wood products............
Furniture and fixtures..............
Stone, clay, and glass products.....
Primary metal industries............
Blast furnaces and basic steel
products.......................
Fabricated metal products...........
Industrial machinery and equipment..
Electronic and other electrical
equipment........................
Transportation equipment............
Motor vehicles and equipment......
Instruments and related products....
Miscellaneous manufacturing.........

112.4
150.6
140.4
118.4
91.6

110.5
147.2
138.2
118.6
89.5

111.1
145.6
138.9
118.6
90.4

110.6
145.0
136.6
118.0
88.9

111.8
148.2
139.0
115.2
91.7

111.8
145.8
139.5
114.1
91.0

113.0
146.7
140.1
117.3
91.9

110.6
142.9
136.9
114.9
90.4

109.6
142.6
136.2
114.6
89.9

110.0
142.5
135.3
114.9
88.8

71.2
120.5
103.8

70.2
120.5
103.8

69.8
121.4
103.9

67.9
121.2
103.9

72.2
119.5
104.5

70.7
121.9
105.7

71.4
123.3
106.5

70.1
121.1
105.4

70.1
120.0
103.4

68.9
120.0
104.8

108.0
126.4
169.9
76.1
105.9

107.7
119.8
159.6
73.9
100.5

109.2
121.1
161.1
74.0
101.4

109.1
120.5
159.5
73.4
101.9

107.4
126.4
170.1
76.3
103.0

107.8
125.9
171.2
74.3
100.1

110.4
125.7
167.7
75.2
100.9

108.1
120.7
161.3
74.2
100.1

107.9
119.0
157.0
74.2
98.9

108.3
120.2
159.8
73.6
99.1

Nondurable goods.....................
Food and kindred products...........
Tobacco products....................
Textile mill products...............
Apparel and other textile products..
Paper and allied products...........
Printing and publishing.............
Chemicals and allied products.......
Petroleum and coal products.........
Rubber and misc. plastics products..
Leather and leather products........

101.7
122.0
61.1
80.4
59.8
107.3
123.0
103.1
73.2
148.0
33.5

99.5
122.4
44.6
77.9
55.8
103.1
122.4
101.6
64.8
145.4
31.8

100.0
122.7
53.0
78.0
55.4
105.0
123.2
101.9
64.8
145.8
31.7

99.1
120.4
51.9
77.1
54.8
105.0
123.0
102.1
64.3
144.8
31.0

100.3
118.0
54.6
79.9
58.9
106.7
122.0
103.0
71.3
147.4
32.9

99.0
117.3
48.8
78.6
56.1
105.2
122.4
102.0
62.9
147.6
31.9

99.4
117.1
50.2
78.9
57.3
103.8
122.7
103.2
64.6
148.5
31.9

98.2
116.3
43.5
77.5
55.5
103.6
122.0
101.7
63.0
146.1
31.4

97.7
115.4
50.3
77.3
54.6
104.1
121.9
101.6
61.2
144.8
31.0

97.8
116.6
46.3
76.4
53.9
104.5
122.0
101.8
62.6
144.5
30.6

Service-producing.......................

164.5

169.8

167.7

169.6

164.3

167.0

166.6

166.7

167.8

167.6

Transportation and public utilities...

134.8

136.4

140.6

142.6

133.8

136.4

138.7

135.1

138.9

140.4

Wholesale trade.......................

131.6

133.1

132.8

133.6

131.8

133.0

132.6

132.2

133.0

132.0

Retail trade..........................

142.8

149.4

144.8

145.4

143.6

145.3

144.7

144.6

144.4

144.8

Finance, insurance, and real estate...

138.0

140.4

139.1

141.3

139.6

139.8

139.2

138.8

140.4

140.0

Services..............................

205.9

213.4

210.6

213.5

204.6

209.5

208.4

210.0

211.2

210.2

1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
p = preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Diffusion indexes of employment change, seasonally adjusted

(Percent)

Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

June

July

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Private nonfarm payrolls, 356 industries1

Over 1-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

50.4
57.3
63.2
54.1
60.8

64.5
59.7
56.6
58.8
54.1

60.3
62.8
60.5
53.9
60.7

54.8
63.2
58.7
59.6
56.5

62.6
57.7
58.3
52.8
45.9

61.5
57.7
59.7
57.9
56.2

57.3
61.2
53.9
58.8
58.7

61.0
60.1
58.1
53.8
51.4

57.9
61.5
56.2
57.3
p51.0

62.6
65.3
53.8
60.7
p57.3

59.3
62.1
59.0
60.8

60.0
61.2
57.4
59.0

Over 3-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

61.1
62.6
64.3
58.3
61.0

62.6
64.0
66.6
57.3
62.6

63.6
66.3
63.2
58.4
61.9

63.1
66.7
66.3
54.4
57.4

63.3
63.2
63.6
57.3
56.7

64.9
62.1
58.0
58.8
58.3

64.2
61.5
57.4
58.1
57.9

61.4
66.2
57.9
60.7
p55.6

65.2
67.4
59.7
59.6
p53.5

64.3
69.4
58.1
63.5

65.4
69.0
58.6
64.3

63.3
69.1
59.4
63.1

Over 6-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

62.5
66.3
69.8
60.0
65.6

64.6
67.0
67.4
58.0
60.8

65.6
66.6
65.2
57.6
61.0

64.6
66.3
61.8
58.6
61.9

64.5
65.6
62.9
54.4
59.3

64.5
67.1
61.4
59.7
p55.3

67.3
66.3
59.0
60.4
p55.6

65.7
68.5
58.4
62.1

65.2
69.0
57.4
64.0

67.1
70.4
59.7
62.8

66.0
69.7
59.3
65.2

67.4
70.4
59.1
64.6

Over 12-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

64.5
69.0
69.7
60.3
64.9

66.7
67.3
67.3
58.3
63.8

64.5
68.3
67.3
57.6
p60.7

65.6
69.7
65.9
59.4
p60.4

68.5
69.5
63.9
59.6

67.3
70.1
62.5
60.5

67.7
70.1
61.5
61.9

66.4
70.4
62.1
61.0

68.0
70.5
61.0
62.6

69.9
70.1
59.8
62.9

68.7
69.4
59.8
62.5

66.9
70.4
58.1
63.2

Manufacturing payrolls, 139 industries1

Over 1-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

44.6
49.6
57.9
45.0
52.2

54.7
52.5
50.7
41.0
47.8

48.2
56.1
53.6
42.8
51.1

42.1
54.0
50.7
46.4
51.1

55.4
51.4
47.1
40.3
45.7

52.2
54.3
50.0
46.4
51.1

47.8
50.7
37.8
54.7
57.6

54.3
53.6
50.0
38.1
36.3

50.0
56.5
45.7
46.4
p36.7

56.1
61.9
39.9
51.8
p46.0

50.4
60.4
41.7
51.4

53.2
55.4
43.9
50.4

Over 3-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

44.2
50.7
56.8
36.7
47.8

47.8
53.2
56.8
37.1
52.5

44.6
55.8
52.2
37.1
49.3

45.7
56.1
52.2
34.5
48.9

47.1
53.2
48.6
37.8
49.6

51.4
52.5
41.4
43.5
53.6

50.4
52.5
39.2
39.9
44.2

49.6
55.8
40.3
45.0
p34.9

55.4
59.7
43.2
42.1
p30.2

53.2
66.5
37.1
50.4

55.0
64.7
36.7
51.1

49.6
64.0
40.6
50.7

Over 6-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

41.7
53.2
60.1
35.6
51.4

45.0
53.2
54.3
33.5
47.5

46.8
52.5
50.4
33.5
50.4

46.0
52.9
39.9
37.1
53.6

45.3
51.8
43.5
32.7
45.0

47.8
53.2
42.1
38.8
p36.7

53.2
54.7
38.8
41.0
p34.9

50.4
61.2
36.7
45.7

50.7
61.2
36.0
48.2

53.2
64.4
39.9
43.2

51.8
64.7
34.5
48.6

54.7
63.7
32.7
51.1

Over 12-month span:
1996..............
1997..............
1998..............
1999..............
2000..............

43.5
54.7
55.0
37.4
47.8

47.5
52.5
51.8
32.4
44.6

45.3
54.0
51.8
31.7
p38.5

45.3
54.0
46.8
35.3
p39.2

50.4
55.4
40.6
36.0

49.6
56.8
39.9
37.1

50.4
57.2
37.8
38.8

48.6
57.9
38.1
39.6

51.1
58.3
37.1
42.4

55.0
56.8
36.0
42.4

54.3
56.8
34.2
42.4

50.7
57.2
33.5
46.0

1 Based on seasonally adjusted data for 1-, 3-, and 6-month spans and unadjusted data for the 12-month span. Data are
centered within the span.
p = preliminary.
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with
unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal balance between industries with increasing and decreasing
employment.