Full text of The Employment Situation : October 1988

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Bureau of Labor Statistics
Technical information: (202) 523-1371
523-1944
523^-1959
Media contact:
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United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212
USDL 88-553
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS
RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL
8:30 A.M. (EST)» FRIDAY,
NOVEMBER 4, 1988

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:

OCTOBER 1988

Employment rose in October and unemployment was little changed, the
Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today*
The overall unemployment rate vas 5.2 percent, and
the civilian worker
rate was 5.3 percent. Both have fluctuated within a narrow range since the
spring.
Nonagricultural payroll jobs, as measured by the survey of business
establishments, grew by 325,000 in October to 107.1 million. All of this
increase was in private industries. Total civilian employment, as measured
by the household survey, edged up to 115.5 million. The household survey
continues to show much slower employment growth than the business survey—
2.4 million over the past year, versus 3.7 million.
Unemployment (Household Survey Data)
The civilian worker unemployment rate was essentially unchanged in
October at 5.3 percent; the number of unemployed persons was 6.5 million*
Since the spring, the jobless rate has moved within a narrow range of 5.3
to 5.6 percent, and the number of unemployed persons has ranged between 6.5
and 6.8 million. (See table A-2.)
The October jobless rates for adult men (4,6 percent), adult women
(4.7 percent), and teenagers (14.9 percent) were little different from
September, as were the rates for whites (4.6 percent), blacks (11.0
percent), and Hispanics (7.7 percent). (See tables A-2 and A-3.)
The number of persons who cited job loss as their reason for
unemployment declined by 180,000 to 2.9 million in October. Declines in
, the number of unemployed job losers and new entrants to the labor force
accounted for most of the nearly 700,000 fall in unemployment over the past
year; the number of job leavers and labor force reentrants was little
changed. (See table A-8.)
Civilian Employment and the Labor Force (Household Survey Data)
Civilian employment rose slightly to 115.5 million in October, and the
employment-population ratio sustained its high of 62.4 percent reached in
the previous month.
Employment among adult women gtew by 320,000, and
their employment-population ratio rose 0.3 percentage point to a new high
of 54.3 percent.
At 122.0 million, the civilian labor force has been little changed
since August, while the labor force participation rate remained at 65.9
percent.
The labor force rose by 1.7 million over the past year. (See
table A-2.)




- 2 Industry Payroll Employment (Establishment Survey Data)
Total nonagricultural
employment rose
by 325,000
in October,
seasonally adjusted, to a level of 107.1 million. This gain was in line
with average job growth so far this year. All of the October gains were in
private industries, which had shown slower growth in the prior.2 months.
(See table B-l.)
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
Monthly data

Quarterly
averages
Category
1988

II

Sept.Oct.
change

1988

III

Aug.

Sept.

Oct.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Total employment 1/,.
Civilian labor force...
Civilian employment..
Discouraged workers..

Thousands of
123,569 123,723
116,878 116,872
121,880 122,031
115,189 115,180
6,851
6,691
62,799
62,960
N.A.
930

persons
123,628
117,032
121,924
115,328
6,596
63,038
N.A.

123,699
117,208
122,012
115,-521
6,491
63,102
N.A.

71
176
88
193
-105
64
N.A.

5.2
5.3
4.6
4.7
14.9
4.6
11.0
7.7

-0.1
-.1
.1
-.1
-.8
-.2
.2
.3

Thousands of jobs
105,609 pl06,475 106,425 pl06,729 plO7,O52
25,639 p25,642 p25,734
25/98 p25,648
80,786 p81,087 p81,318
80,111 p80,827

p323
P 92
p231

122,968
116,352
121,258
114,642
6,616
63,131
910

Percent of labor force
Unemployment rates:
All civilian workers.

Black
Hispanic origin....

5.4
5.5
4.7
4.9
15.0
4.6
12.0
9.1

5.4
5.5
4.6
4.9
15.6
4.8
11.2
7.9

5.5
5.6
4.9
4.8
15.8
4.9
11.3
8.4

5.3
5.4
4.5
4.8
15.7
4.8
10.8
7.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Service-producing....

Hours of work
Average weekly hours:
34.8
41.1
3.9

p34.7
p41.1
p3.9

j 7 I n c l u d e s the resident Armed Forces,
p^preliminary.



34.6
41.0
3.9

P34.7
p41.2
p3.9

p34.8
p41.1
p4..O

pO.l
p-.l
P.I

N.A.^not available.

- 3 Manufacturing employment rose by 100,000, seasonally adjusted, more
than offsetting declines totaling 45,000 in the previous 2 months. Job
gains were widespread throughout the durable and nondurable industries.
The largest increase was in food processing, which experienced fewer fall
cutbacks than usual following light summer hiring, due to the drought.
Other industries showing sizable increases included lumber and wood
products, primary metals, fabricated metals, machinery, motor vehicles, and
rubber and plastics.
Despite October's strong growth, only 9 of the 20
manufacturing industries were above July levels.
Elsewhere in the goods-producing sector, construction employment was
about unchanged, following fairly substantial growth during most of the
year. Mining employment was also about unchanged in October.
In the services industry, an October gain of 145,000 was led by health
services.
Business services continued to show slow growth. Retail trade
employment rose by 50,000 over the month; there were substantial increases
in food stores and eating and drinking places, while holiday hiring in
general merchandise stores was less than expected. Wholesale trade added
20,000 jobs, mostly in durable goods distribution. Virtually no employment
change occurred in government, following a large increase in public school
employment in September.
Employment in both finance, insurance, and real
estate and transportation and public utilities was also little changed in
October.
Weekly Hours (Establishment Survey Data)
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on
private nonagricultural payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to a level of 34.8
hours in October, seasonally adjusted. The factory workweek fell slightly
to 41.1 hours, while manufacturing overtime edged up 0.1 hour to 4.0 hours.
Both the average workweek and overtime in manufacturing continued to be
very high by historical standards. (See table B-2.)
The index of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory
workers on private nonagricultural payrolls, at 126.9 (1977=100), rose by
0.7 percent, seasonally adjusted. The index for manufacturing increased by
0.5 percent to 96.8. (See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings (Establishment Survey Data)
Average hourly earnings of private production or nonsupervisory
workers rose 0.7 percent in October, seasonally adjusted. Average weekly
earnings increased 1.0 percent, reflecting the increases in both hourly
earnings and the length of the workweek.
Prior to seasonal adjustment,
average hourly earnings rose 5 cents to $9.45, and average weekly earnings
increased by $2.69 to $329.81. (See table B-3.)




- 4 The Hourly Earnings Index (Establishment Survey Data)
The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 181,6 (1977=100) in October,
seasonally adjusted, an increase of 0.8 percent from September. For the 12
months ended in October, the increase was 3,8 percent. In dollars of
constant purchasing power, the HEI decreased 0.9 percent during the 12month period ending in September. The HEI is computed so as to exclude the
effects of two types of changes unrelated to underlying wage rate
movements—fluctuations in manufacturing overtime
and
interindustry
employment shifts• (Beginning in 1989, the HEI will no longer be published
in this release.) (See table B-4.)

The Employment Situation for November 1988 will be released on Friday,
December 2, at 8:30 A.M. (EST).




Explanatory Note

This news release presents statistics from two major surveys,
the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the
Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey).
The household survey provides the information on the labor
force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in
the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample
survey of about 55,800 households that is conducted by the
Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS)..
The establishment survey provides the information on the
employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected
from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies.
The sample includes over 300,000 establishments employing
over 38 million people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually
collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household
survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that
contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey
week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the
pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of technical
factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a
survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each
of these factors is explained below.

that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment
sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Persons laid off from their
former jobs and awaiting recall and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days need not be looking for work to be
counted as unemployed.
The labor force equals the sum of the number employed and
the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the
percentage of unemployed people in the labor force (civilian
plus, the resident Armed Forces). Table A-5 presents a special
grouping* of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The
definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive
definition yields U-l and the most comprehensive yields U-7.
The overall unemployment rate is U-5a, while U-5b represents
the same measure with a civilian labor force base.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only
counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the
payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are
many differences between the two surveys, among which are
the following:

Coverage, definitions, and differences
between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are selected
so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population
16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is
classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force.
Those who hold more than one job are classified according to
the job at which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work at all
as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or
on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enter-.
prise operated by a member of their family,, whether they were
paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were
on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. Members
of the Armed Forces stationed in the United States are also included in the employed total.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their
eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if
they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at

— The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working at
more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be
counted separately for each appearance.




— The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a
larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture,
the self-employed, unpaid family workers, private household workers, and
members of the resident Armed Forces;
— The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the
employed; the establishment survey does not;
— The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; the
establishment survey is not limited by age;

Other differences between the two surveys are described in
"Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and
Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon
request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over the course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force .and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as
changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools.
For example, the labor force increases by a large number each
June, when schools close and many young people enter the job
market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very
large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may
account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month
changes in unemployment.

Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular
pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be
eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month.
These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as
declines in economic activity or increases in the participation
of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the
school's-out example, the large number of people entering the
labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined.
However, because the effect of students finishing school in
previous years is known, the statistics for ttfe current year can
be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the
seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in
economic activity.
Measures of labor force, employment, and unemployment
contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all
employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and
average hourly earnings include components based on the
employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the
components and combining them. The second procedure
usually yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure
for the labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted
civilian employment components, plus the resident Armed
Forces total (not adjusted for seasonality), and four seasonally
adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and
the overall unemployment rate is derived by dividing the
resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of
the labor force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period
and again for the July-December period. The January revision
is applied to data that have been published over the previous 5
years. For the establishment survey, updated factors for
seasonal adjustment are calculated only once a year, along
with the introduction of new benchmarks which are discussed
at the end of the next section.
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys
are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the
number of people employed and the other estimates drawn
from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would
be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the
amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other
factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the
chances are approximately 68 out of 100 that an estimate based
on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error




from the results of a complete census. The chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will
differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from the
results of a complete census. At approximately the 90-percent
level of confidence—the confidence limits used by BLS in its
analyses—the error for the monthly .change in total employment is on the order of plus or minus 358,000; for total
unemployment it is 224,000; and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do not
mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but,
rather, that the chances are approximately 90 out of 100 that
the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ from
the estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the
data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or
annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the
larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the
estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error
than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among
the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of
adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for
the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly
change in the jobless rate for men is .25 percentage point; for
teenagers, it is 1.29 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current
months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these
estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the
returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are
revised. In other words, data for the month of September are
published in preliminary form in October and November and
in final form in December. To remove errors that build up
over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes can be
measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in
the classification of industries and allow for the formation of
new establishments.
Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data
in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by
BLS. It is available for $8.50 per issue or $25.00 per year from
the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, DC
20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of
the standard errors for the household survey data published in
this release. For unemployment and other labor force
categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of
its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the
data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, O, P, and Q of that publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the population, including Armed Forces In the United States, by sex
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status and sex
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1933

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

June
1988

July
1988

Aug.
1938

Sept.
1938

Oct.
1983

165,052
122,485
66.2
115,639
62.5
1,741
113,898
3,297
110,601
6,845
5.6
62,567

186,666
123,546
66.2
117,178
62.8
1,704
115,474
3,250
112,225
6,368
5.2
63,119

186,801
124,119
66.4
117,937
63.1
1,687
116,250
3,316
112,934
6,182
5.0
62,682

185,052
122,128
66.0
114,951
62.1
1,741
113,210
3,249
109,961
7 Ml
5.9
62,924

186,247
123,157
66.1
116,703
62.7
1,685
115,018
3,085
111,933
6,455
5.2
63,090

186,402
123,357
66.2
116,732
62.6
1,673
115,059
3,046
112,014
6,625
5.4
63,045

186,522
123,723
66.3
116,872
62.7
1,692
115,180
3.151
112,029
6,851
5.5
62,799

186,666
123,628
66.2
117,032
62.7
1,704
115,328
3,169
112,158
6,596
5.3
63,038

186,801
123,699
66.2
117,208
62.7
1,687
115,521
3,266
112,255
6,491
5.2
63;102

88,756
67,820
76.4
64,272
72.4
1,580
62,692
3,549
5.2

89,577
68,465
76.4
65,232
72.9
1,540
63,742
3,183
4.6

89,637
68,451
76.4
65,184
72.7
1,526
63,658
3,267
4.8

88,756
67,947
76.6
64,048
72.2
1,580
62,468
3,899
5.7

89,367
68,429
76.6
64,934
72.7
1,523
63,411
3,495
5.1

89,445
68,521
76.6
65,002
72.7
1,512
63,490
3,519
5.1

89,504
68,723
76.8
64,954
72.6
1,529
63,425
3,768
5.5

89,577
68,603
76.6
65,052
72.6
1,540
63,512
3,555
5.2

89,637
68,544
76.5
64,943
72.5
1,526
63,417
3,600
5.3

96,295
54,664
56.8
51,367
53.3
161
51,206
3,297
6.0

97,089
55,082
56.7
51,896
53.5
164
51,732
3,186
5.8

97,164
55,668
57.3
52,753
54.3
161
52,592
2,915
5.2

96,295
54,181
56.3
50,903
52.9
161
50,742
. 3,278
6.1

96,880
54,728
56.5
51,769
53.4
162
51,607
2,960
5.4

96,957
54,836
56.6
51,730
53.4
161
51,569
3,106
5.7

97,018
55,000
56.7
51,918
53.5
163
51,755
3,083
5.6

97,089
55,020
56.7
51,979
53.5
164
51,815
3,041
5.5

97,164
55,155
56.6
52,265
53.8
161
52,104
2,890
5.2

TOTAL
Noninstitutional population*
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5
Not in labor force

,

Men, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population*
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed2
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5

...

Women, 16 years and over
Noninstitutional population2
Labor force2
Participation rate3
Total employed5
Employment-population ratio4
Resident Armed Forces
Civilian employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate5

-..

1
The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for
seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted
and seasonally adjusted columns. .
2
Includes members of the Armed Forces stationed in the United
States.




3

Labor force as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Total employment as a percent of the noninstitutional population.
Unemployment as a percent of the labor force (including the resident
Armed Forces).
4

5

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

June
1988

July
1988

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

183,311
120,744
65.9
113,898
62.1
6,845
5.7

184,962
121,842
65.9
115,474
62.4
6,368
5.2

185,114
122,432
66.1
116,250
62.8
6,182
5.0

183,311
120,387
65.7
113,210
61.8
7,177
6.0

184,562
121,472
65.8
115,018
62.3
6,455
5.3

184,729
121.684
65.9
115,059
62.3
6,625
5.4

184,830
122,031
66.0
115,180
62.3
6,851
5.6

184,962
121,924
65.9
115,328
62.4
6,596
5.4

185,114
122,012
65.9
115,521
62.4
6,491
5.3

79,807
62,317
78.1
59,442
74.5
2,403
57,040
2,875
4.6

80,751
62,942
77.9
60,402
74.8
2,325
58,077
2,540
4.0

80,851
63,023
78.0
60,405
74.7
2,400
58,005
2,618
4.2

79,807
62,211
78.0
59,037
74.0
2,343
56,694
3,174
5.1

80,526
62,667
77.8
59,797
74.3
2,208
57,588
2,870
4.6

80,608
62,769
77.9
59,954
74.4
2,247
57,706
2,815
4.5

80,669
62,925
78.0
59,834
74.2
2,311
57,523
3,090
4.9

80,751
62,881
77.9
60,024
74.3
2,236
57,788
2,857
. 4.5

80,851
62,892
77.8
59,989
74.2
2,330
57,659
2,902
4.6

88,843
50,721
57.1
48,076
54.1
670
47,407
2,644
5.2

89,735
51,172
57.0
48,556
54.1
642
47,914
2,616
5.1

89,807
51,809
57.7
49,379
55.0
678
48,701
2,430
4.7

88,843
50,095
56.4
47,480
53.4
636
46,844
2,615
5.2

89,502
50,642
56.6
48,169
53.8
616
47,553
2,473
4.9

89,588
50,775
56.7
48,199
53.8
542
47,657
2,576
5.1

89,670
50,934
56.8
48,466
54.0
586
47,881
2,468
4.8

89,735
50,912
56.7
48,452
54.0
633
47,818
2,461
4.8

89,807
51,172
57.0
48,771
54.3
647
48,124
2.401
4.7

14,661
7,706
52.6
6,379
43.5
225
6,155
1,327
17.2

14,477
7,728
53.4
6,516
45.0
282
6,234
1,212
15.7

14,456
7,599
52.6
6,465
44.7
238
6,228
1,134
14.9

14,661
8,081
55.1
6,693
45.7
270
6,423
1,388
17.2

14,534
8,163
56.2
7,051
48.5
260
6,791
1,112
13.6

14,533
8,141
56.0
6,907
47.5
257
6,650
1,234
15.2

14,491
8,172
56.4
6,879
47.5
254
6,625
1,293
15.8

14,477
8,131
56.2
6,853
47.3
301
6,552
1,278
15.7

14,456
7,948
55.0
6,761
46.8
' 289
6,472
1,187
14.9

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2....
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Agriculture
.
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
..,
Unemployment rate
.
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population....
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2..
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
,
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population ..
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio*.
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.




* Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

Oct.
1987

Sept
1988

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

June
1988

July
1988

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

157,342
103,934
66.1
98,882
62.8
5,053
4.9

158,422
104,959
66.3
100,177
63.2
4,782
4.6

158,524
105,295
66.4
100,723
63.5
4,572
4.3

157,342
103,669
65.9
98,317
62.5
5,352
5.2

158,166
104,691
66.2
99,932
63.2
4,759
4.5

158,279
104,603
66.1
99,725
63.0
4,878
4.7

158,340
105,007
66.3
99,901
63.1
5,106
4.9

158,422
105,043
66.3
100,019
63.1
5,024
4.8

158,524
105,002
66.2
100,144
63.2
4,858
4.6

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

54,399
78.4
52,167
75.2
2,232
4.1

54,872
78.4
52,910
75.6
1,962
3.6

54,924
78.4
52,930
75.5
1,994
3.6

54,375
78.4
51,864
74.8
2,511
4.6

54,662
78.2
52,491
75.1
2,171
4.0

54,732
78.3
52,603
75.2
2,129
3.9

54,825
78.4
52,464
75.0
2,361
4.3

54,850
78.3
52,594
75.1
2,255
4.1

54,878
78.3
52,614
75.1
2,263
4.1

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

42,943
56.5
41,089
54.0
1,854
4.3

43,397
56.7
41,495
54.2
1,902
4.4

43,814
57.2
42,093
54.9
1,721
3.9

42,379
55.7
40,538
53.3
1,841
4.3

42,921
56.2
41,183
53.9
1,738
4.0

42,887
56.1
41,040
53.7
1,847
4.3

43,177
56.4
41,399
54.1
1,778
4.1

43,170
56.4
41,371
54.0
1,799
4.2

43,258
56.4
41,553
54.2
1,706
3.9

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women

6,892
55.2
5,626
47.1
967
14.7
14.8
14.6

6,690
56.7
5,772
48.9
918
13.7
14.2
13.2

6,557
55.7
5,700
48.4
857
13.1
14.4
11.6

6,915
57.9
5,915
49.5
1,000
14.5
15.1
13.8

7,108
59.9
6,258
52.7
850
12.0
12.8
11.1

6,983
58.9
6,081
51.3
902
12.9
14.6
11.1

7,005
59.2
6,038
51.0
967
13.8
13.8
13.8

7,023
59.5
6,054
51.3
969
13.8
15.0
12.5

6,866
58.3
5,977
50.8
889
12.9
14.8
11.0

20,453
13,160
64.3
11,582
56.6
1,578
12.0

20,762
13,178
63.5
11,764
56.7
1,414
10.7

20,786
13,307
64.0
11,873
57.1
1,434
10.8

20,453
13,152
64.3
11,556
56.5
1,596
12.1

20,663
12,989
62.8
11,489
55.5
1,500
11.5

20,715
13,293
64.2
11,774
56.8
1,519
11.4

20,736
13,262
64.0
11,764
56.7
1,498
11.3

20,762
13,191
63.5
11,771
56.7
1.419
10.8

20,786
13,290
63.9
11,829
56.9
1,461
11.0

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,019
74.3
5,451
67.3
569
9.5

6,126
74.3
5,620
68.1
506
8.3

6,147
74.4
5,593
67.7
554
9.0

6,023
74.3
5,431
67.0
592
9.8

6,064
73.8
5,458
66.5
606
10.0

6,070
73.8
5,492
66.8
578
9.5

6,154
74.7
5,566
67.6
588
9.6

6,123
74.2
5,581
67.7
542
8.8

6,158
74.6
5,576
67.5
582
9.4

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force
...
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,241
61.3
5,533
54.4
707
11.3

6,192
59.9
5,558
53.8
633
10.2

6,309
61.0
5,681
54.9
628
10.0

6.177
60.7
5,495
54.0
682
11.0

6,074
59.0
5,421
52.7
652
10.7

6,307
61.2
5,650
54.8
657
10.4

6,182
59.9
5,572
54.0
610
9.9

6,147
59.5
5,564
53.8
583
9.5

6,238
60.3
5,630
54.4
607
9.7

900
41.4
597
27.5
302
33.6
32.5
34.7

861
39.5
585
26.8
275
32.0
32.5
31.5

851
39.0
600
27.5
252
29.5
33.1
25.2

952
43.8
630
29.0
322
33.8
32,5
35.2

852
39.0
610
28.0
242
28.4
30.4
25.9

917
42.0
632
28.9
285
31.1
30.4
31.8

926
42.4
626
28.7
300
32.4
32.2
32.7

921
42.2
627
28.7
294
31.9
31.7
32.2

894
41.0
622
28.5
27230.4
33.5
26.5

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

BLACK
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
..
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
»
Unemployment rate

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Men
Women
See footnotes at end of table.




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, age, and Hispanic origin—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, age, and
Hispanic origin

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1968

Oct.
1968

Oct.
1087

June
1968

July
1988

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

13,003

13,419
9,086

13,458
9,109

13,003

13,306

13,344

13,381

13,419

13,458

8,654

9,027

67.7
8,428
62.6
681
7.5

66.6
7,935

67.8

8,984
67.3
8,264

8,935

67.7

9,063
67.5

9,058
67.3
8,361
62.1
697
7.7

HISPANIC ORIGIN
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio2
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

8,695
66.9

8,444

7,991
61.5
704
8.1

62.9
642
7.1

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.
2
Civilian employment as a percent of the civilian noninstitutional

61.0

6,219
61.8

719

809

61.9
720

8.3

9.0

8.0

66.8
8,185
61.2
750
8.4

8,394

62.6
669
7.4

population.
NOTE: Detail for the above race and Hispanic-origin groups will not
sum to totals because data for the "other races" group are not presented
and Hispanics are included in both the white and black population groups.

Table A-4. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

Seasonally adjusted
Oct.
1987

June
1988

July
1988

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

113,210

115,018
40,485
28,713

115,059

115,180
40,505
28,832

115,328

40,556
28,099

115,521
40,483
28,851

6,178

6,065

1,670
1,471
175

1.705
1,430
140

1,562
1,359

103,400
17,035
86,365

104,127
17,472

1,077

1,185
85,470
8,583
224

101,522
17,033
84,489
1,222
83,267
8,274
242

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

113,898
40,905
28,685

115,474
40,815

116,250
40,888

29,031

6,174

6,188

29,399
6,386

1,673
1,487

1,500

136

123

101,883
17,288

CHARACTERISTIC
Civilian employed, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

,

40,535
28,654
6,145

6,282

40,531
28,801
6,251

6,367

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

84,595
1,257
83,338
8,478
240

1.626

85,288
8,592
232

86,655

1,539
1,346
148

1,580

1,593

1,416

1,438
134

103,000
17,064
85,935
1,150
84,786
8,577
301

103,133
86,174
1,123
85,051
8,528
255

103,097
17,112
85,984
1,108
84,877
8,491
243

103,415
17,103
86,312
1,085

5,353
2,377
2,655

5,317
2,364
2,637

14,486

14,507

5,382
2,490
2,581
15,070

5,067
2,196
2,557

5,076

5,185
2,351
2,545
14,669

2,178

167

16,959

163

1,709
1.414
183

85,227

103,781
17,231
86,550
1,142
85,408

8,575
228

8,366
227

5,181
2,318
2,491
15,021

5,053
2,190
2,356
15,314

4,893
2,166
2,382
15,078

4,959

4,814
2,031
2,284

4,662
2,043

PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME1
All industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time
Nonagricultural industries:
Part time for economic reasons
Slack work
Could only find part-time work
Voluntary part time

5,129
2,346
2,496

.".

15.500

,

4,856
2,162
2,412
15,058

1
Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey
period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial dispute.




4,704
2,041
2,191'
15,375
4,458
1,885
2,113

14,906

4,668
2,125
2,246
16,164

4,452
1,990
2,174
15,691

14,011

2.199
2.566
14,083

2,429
14,585

14,861

2,298
14,596

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Rang* of unemployment measures based en varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force, seasonally adjusted
(Percent)
Monthly data

Quarterly averages
Measure

1988

1988
JV_

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the

Sept.

_QcL_

1.6

1.5

1.4

1.3

1.3

1.4

1.3

1.3

2.8

2.7

2.6

2.5

2.5

2.6

2.5

2.4

4.6

4,5

4.4

4.2

4.3

4.4

4.2

4.1

5.6

5.5

5.4

5.1

5.1

5.3

5.1

4.9

U-5a Total unemployed as a percent of the labor force,
including the resident Armed Forces

5.9

5.8

5.6

5.4

5.4

5.5

5.3

5.2

U-5b Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force

6.0

5.9

5.7

5.5

5.5

5.6

5.4

5.3

U-6 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers plus
1/2 total on part time for economic reasons as a percent of
the civilian labor force less 1/2 of the part-time labor force

8.2

8.1

8.0

7.6

7.6

7.8

7.5

7.3

U-7 Total full-time jobseekers plus 1/2 part-time jobseekers
plus 1/2 total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged
workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers less 1/2 of the part-time labor force

9.0

8.8

8.8

8.3

8.4

N.A.

N.A.

N.A.

civilian labor fore©
U-2 Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force
U-3 Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the
civilian labor force
U-4 Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the
full-time civilian labor force

N.A. * not available.

Table A-6. Selected unemployment Indicators, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates1

Category
Oct
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

June
1988

July
1988

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 16 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years

7,177
3,899
3,174
3,278
2.615
1,388

6,596
3,555
2,857
3,041
2.461
1,278

6.491
3,600
2.902
2,890
2,401
1,187

6.0
5.9
5.1
6.1
5.2
17.2

5.3
5.2
4.6
5.4
4.9
13.6

5.4
5.3
4.5
5.7
5.1
15.2

5.6
5.6
4.9
5.6
4.8
15.8

5.4
5.3
4.5
5.5
4.8
15.7

5.3
5.4
4.6
6.3
4.7
14.9

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present...
Women who maintain families

1.542
1,220
601

1,303
1,135
552

1,305
1,101
543

3.7
4.2
8.9

3.1
3.7
7.8

3.0
4.1
8.6

3.4
4.1
7.4

3.1
3.8
8.1

3.1
3.7
7.9

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost*

5,725
1,439

5,268
1,340

5,164
1.311

5.6
8.3
6.8

4.9
7.8
8.3

5.0
8.1
6.4

5.3
7.4
6.5

5.1
7.5
6.4

4.9
7.4
6.1

5,267
2,005
74
688
1,243
663
580
3,262
269
1,492
1,501
589
203

4,965
1,688
68
585
1,235
709
527
3,077
230
1,430
1,418
471
204

4,952
1,847
70
622
1,155
635
520
3,105
208
1.369
1,528
434
191

5.9
7.0
8.3
11.2
5.7
5.2
6.5
5.4
4.4
6.5
4.7
3.3
10.6

5.4
6.0
6.7
10.2
4.8
4.4
5.4
5.1
4.1
5.9
4.6
2.8
9.7

5.4
6.3
5.3
10.2
5.2
5.0
5.6
5.0
3.5
6.2
4.5
3.1
10.8

5.6
6.8
6.8
11.0
5.6
5.0
6.4
5.1
3.8
6.5
4.4
3.1
11.4

5.4
6.5
8.6
9.2
5.6
5.5
5.9
4.9
3.7
6.1
4.3
'2.7
11.3

5.4
6.4
9.0
9.9
5.3
5.0
5.7
5.0
3.3
5.9
4.6
2.5
10.0

INDUSTRY
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Goods-producing industries
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Service-producing industries
Transportation and public uttttties
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

,..„..

Unemployment as ai percent of
< the civilian labor force.
at hu'«Ka ii
Aggregate hours lost
by'the unemployed and persons on part time for




economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Weeks of unemployment
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

June
1988

July
1988

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1983

Oct.
1988

DURATION
Less than 5 weeks
5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

..

.

Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration in weeks

3,211
2,032
1,602
712
891

3,308
1,632
1,428
644
784

3,056
1,747
1,379
660
719

3,223
2,093
1,801
844
957

3,066
1,890
1,512
727
785

2,965
2,078
1,629
838
791

3,197
1.957
1,676
859
817

3,139
1,823
1,596
789
807

3,062
1,814
1,551
778
773

13.7
5.7

13.3
4.8

13.1
5.1

14.1
6.2

12.9
6.0

13.6
6.3

13.7
5.9

13.7
5.5

13.5
5.6

100.0
46.9
29.7
23.4
10.4
13.0

100.0
51.9
25.6
22.4
10.1
12.3

100.0
49.4
28.3
22.3
10.7
11.6

100.0
45.3
29.4
25.3
11.9
13.4

100.0
47.4
29.2
23.4
11.2
12.1

100.0
44.4
31.1
24.4
12.6
11.9

100.0
46.8
28.7
24.5
12.6
12.0

100.0
47.9
27.8
24.3
12.0
12.3

100.0
47.6
28.2
'24.1
12.1
12.0

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unsmoloved

.

.....

5 to 14 weeks
15 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks
27 weeks and over

Table A-8. Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjustedI

Reasons
Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

June
1988

July
1988

Aug.
1968

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job tosers
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants

3,082
768
2,314
1,030
1,873
861

2,732
636
2,096
1,099
1,821
717

2,641
691
1,950
1,059
1,805
676

3,388
944
2,444
960
1,845
914

3,059
863
2,196
944
1,723
111

3,087
852
2,235
904
1,901
776

3,138
891
2,247
997
1,869
793

3,087
816
2,271
994
1,761
745

2,909
853
2,056
986
1,764
728

100.0
45 0
- 11.2
33.8
15.0
27.4
• 12.6

100.0
42.9
10.0
32.9
17.3
28.6
11.3

100.0
42 7
11.2
31.5
17.1
29.2
10.9

100.0
47 7
13.3
34.4
13.5
26.0
12.9

100.0
47.0
13.3
33.8
14.5
26.5
11.9

100.0
46 3
12.8
33.5
13.6
28.5
11.6

100.0
46 2
13.1
33.1
147
27.5
11.7

100,0
46 9
12.4
34.5
15.1
26.7
11.3

100.0
45 5
134
32.2
154
27.6
11.4

2.5
.9
1.6
.7

2.2
.9
1.5
.6

2.2
.9
1.5
.6

2.8
.8
1.5
.8

2.5
8
1.4
.6

2.5
7
1.6
.6

2.6
8
1.5
.6

2.5
8
1.4
.6

2.4
8
1.4
.6

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed
Job losers
;
On layoff
Other job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants
UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers
Job leavers
Reentrants
New entrants




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Unemployed persons by sex and age, seasonally adjusted

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates1

Sex and age

Oct.
1987
Total, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

7,177

2,689
1,388
710
679
1,301
4,482

3,993
474

Men, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

3,899
1,432
725
372
354
707
2,462
2,182
277

Women, 16 years and over
16 to 24 years
16 to 19 years
16 to 17 years
18 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 years and over
25 to 54 years
55 years and over

3,278

1

1,257
663
338
325

594
2,020
1,811
197

Oct.
1987

June
1988

July
1988

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

6,491
2,433
1,187
561
628

6.0
11.8
17.2
20.4
14.7

1,246
4,060

8.8
4.6
4.8

5.4
10.9
15.2
17.5
13.0
8.5
4.2
4.4
3.1

5.6
11.1
15.8
18.7
13.9
8.4
4.4
4.6
3.2

5.4
10.9
15.7
20.5
12.7
8.2
4.2
4.4
2.9

5.3
10.9
14.9

1,182
4,181
3,728
437

5.3
10.3
13.6
15.4
12.9
8.4
4.1
4.4
2.9

3,555

3,600
1,419

5.2
10.5

5.3
11.3

5.3
11.4
16.7
21.7
13.4
8.5
4.1
4.3
2.8

5.4
12.1
16.9
19.1

5.5
10.4
14.7
19.0
12.0
7.9
4.4
4.6
3.0

Sept.
1988

6,596
2,460
1,278
682

612

1,338

' 698
388
325

640
2,253
1,997
248

Oct.
1988

3,629
409

693
331
367
721
2,189
1,923
258

3,041
1,122
580
294
287
542

2,890
1,014

1,928
1,731

1,872

189

489
230
261
525
1,706
150

3.1
5.9

12.1
17.4
20.9
14.8

9.2
4.5
4.8
3.1
6.1

11.5
16.9

19.9
14.6
8.5
4.7
4.9
3.1

-

17.0
14.2
8.2
4.1
4.2
3.2

17.9
14.7
8.4
3.9
4.1
3.1

5.6
11.5
15.9
17.6
14.7
9.0
4.4
4.5
3.4

5.4
10.0
12.4
13.7
11.6
8.7
4.2
4.6
2.6

5.7
10.5
13.6
17.0
11.2
8.7
4.5
4. T
3.0

5.6
10.7
15.8
19.8
12.9
7.8
4.4
4.6
2.8

14.7

•

•16.6

17.3
13.3
8.7

4.1
4.3
2.7

•15.3

9.5
4.0
4.1
3.0
5.3
9.5
12.8

15.3
11.3
7.7
4.2
4.5
2.4

Unemployment as a percent of the civilian labor force.

Table A-10. Employment status of black and other workers
(Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
.,
Employment-population ratio2..,
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force
1

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

June
1988

July
1988

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

25,969

26,540
16,884

26,590
17,137
64.5
15,527

25,969
16,755
64.5

26,396
16,735
63.4

26,451
17,021

26,490

26,590

64.4

14,946
57.6

15,319

10.8

15,017
56.9
1,718
10.3

64.1
15,299

26,540
16,892
63.6

1,694

15,301
57.7
1,592

9,214

9,661

57.9
1,701
10.0

10,0

9.4

15,431
58.0
1,642
9.6

9,430

9,497

9,648

9,517

16,809

64.7
15,017
57.8
1,793

10.7
9,159

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally
adjusted columns.




63.6
15,297
57.6
1,586

9.4
9,656

58.4
1,610
9.4

9,453

1,809

16,993
57.8

17,073
64.2

Civilian employment as a percent, of the civilian noninstitutional
population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Occupational status of the employed and unemployed, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian employed

Unemployment rate

Unemployed

Occupation
Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

6,182

5.7

5.0

630
378
252

583
291
292

2.2
2.7
1.7

1.9
2.0
1.9

35,819
3,604
13,879
18,336

1,575
104
652
820

1,455
94
672
689

4.2
2.9
4.5
4.2

3.9
2.5
4.6
3.6

14,908
953
1,851

15,409
915
1,990
T2.503

1,176
42
86
1,048

1,130
53
97
980

7.3
4.2
4.5
8.0

6.8
5.5
4.7
7.3

13,722
4,464
5,132
4,126

13,663
4,333
5,113
4,217

704
163
361
180

712
176
345
190

4.9
3.5
6.6
4.2

5.0
3.9
6.3
4.3

17,738
8,099
4,896
4,743
791
3,951

16,206
8,271
4,960
4.975
902
4,072

1,602
711
318
573
165
409

1,368
616
210
542
141
401

8.3
8.1
6.1
10.8
9.4

7.0
6.9
4.1
9.8
13.5
9.0

3,554

3,537

260

238

6.8

6.3

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

116,250

6,845

28,309
13,729
14,580

29,616
14,230
15,387

Technical, sales, and administrative support.
Technicians and related support
Sales occupations
.
Administrative support, including clerical

35,667
3,507
13,680
18,480

Service occupations

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

113,898

Managerial and professional specialty
Executive, administrative, and managerial
Professional specialty

Total, 16 years and over1

Private household
Protective service
....
Service, except private household and protective .
Precision production, craft, and repair.
Mechanics and repairers
Construction trades
Other precision production, craft, and repair

.

Operators, fabricators, and laborers
Machine operators, assemblers, and inspectors
Transportation and material moving occupations
Handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers
Construction laborers
.
Other handlers, equipment cleaners, helpers, and laborers .
Farming, forestry, and fishing .

17.3

1
Persons with no previous work experience and those whose last job was
in the Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.

Table A-12. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force

Veteran status
and age

Civilian
noninstitutlonal
population

Unemployed
Total

Employed
Number

Percent of
labor force *
Oct.
Oct.
1987
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

7,899
7,853
6.128 • 5,799
622
856
2,034
2,478
2,794
3,143
1.725.
2,100

7,277
5,843
817
2,344
2,682
1,434

7,318
5,524
582
1,937
3,005
1,794

6,983
5,594
749
2,259
2.586
1,389

7,069
5,334
537
1,871
2,926
1,735

294
249
68
85
96
45

249
190
45
66
79
59

4.0
4.3
8.3
3.6
3.6
3.1

3.4
3.4
7.7
3.4
2.6
3.3

20,707
9,165
6,997
4,345

18,785
8,541
6,074
4,170

19,703
8,768
6,657
4,278

17,974
8,147
5,838
3,989

18,974
8,410
6,418
4,146

811
394
236
181

729
358
239
132

4.3
4.6
3.9
4.3

3.7
4.1
3.6
3.1

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

Oct.
1988

VIETNAM-ERA VETERANS
Total, 30 years and over
30 to 44 years

30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 years and over.!
NONVETERANS
Total, 30 to 44 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years

19,741
8,920
6,379
4,442

NOTE: Male Vietnam-era veterans are men who served in the Armed
Forces between August 5. 1964 and May 7. 1975. Nonveterans are men
who have never served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to




those 30 to 44 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to
the bulk of the Vietnam-era veteran population.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States
(Numbers in thousands)

Seasonally adjusted 2

Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988'

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

June
1988

July
1988

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

20,678

21.078
14,116
13,409
707
5.0

21,115
14,200

20,972
14,105

21,012
14,131

13,315
790
5.6

13,374
757
5.4

21,078
14,142
13,411
731

4.8

20,678
13,784
12,984
800
5.8

21,043

13,825
13,055
770
5.6

21,115
14,160
13,457
703
5.0

9,507
5,966
5,670

9,731

9,752

9,507

6,119
5,810

6,174

5,961
5,666

296
5.0

310
5.1

9,693
6,102
5,837
265
4.3

9,711
6,162
5,862
300

8,754
5,896
5,525
371
6.3

8,790
5,818
5,506

California
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

13,524
676

14,159
13,373
786
5.6

5.2

Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

9,731

4.9

4.9

9,671
6,115
5,831
284
4.6

8,793
5,849
5,495
353
6.0

8,754
5,857
5,463
394
6.7

8,781
5,709
5,332
377
6.6

8,786
5,394
366
6.4

8,787
5,887
5,472
415
7.0

4,603
3,188
3,076
112
3.5

4,604
3,137
3,020
117
3.7

4,604
3,119
3,015
104
3.3

4,605
3,051
93
3.0

4,606
3,157
3,054
103
3.3

6,999

7,002
4,566
4,229
337
7.4

7,007
4,572
4,238
334
7.3

4,583
4,255
328
7.2

6,044
3,983
3,828

6,047
3,979

3,825

144
3.6

155
3.9

150
3.8

152
3.9

13.777

13,774
8,589
8,206
383
4.5

13,773
8,517
8,149
368
4.3

13,776
8,494
8,141
353
4.2

4,894
3,339
3,236
103
3.1

4,900
3,332
3,209
123
3.7

4,906
3,367
3,232
135
4.0

8,208
5,251

8,212
5,311
5,016

5,871
303

295

6,121

9,752
6,168
5,863

4.9

5,820
301
4.9

8,790
5,797
5,450
347
6.0

8,793
5,807

305
4.9

Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

313
5.4

5,760

5,425
382

6.6

Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population ..
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

4,593

4,605

4,606

4,593

3,109
3,025

3,130

3,149
3,060
89
2.8

3,111
3,014

7,012
4,596

6,951
4,520
4,187
333
7.4

4,253
300
6.6

138
3.5

6,015
3,985
3,825
160
4.0

3,955
3,810
145
3.7

13,773
8,494
8,141
353
4.2

13,776
8,544
8,185

13,765
8,476
8,066

13,774
8,516
8,220

359
4.2

410
4.8

296
3.5

4,834
3,336
3,207
t29
3.9

4,900
3,329
3,226
103

4,906
3,377

4,834
3,324
3,188
136
4.1

4,883
3,318
3,213
105
3.2

4,889
3,332
3,235

8,171
5,243

8,208
5,251

8,171

4,940
302

4,952
300
5.7

4,900

8,199
5,271
4,959

8,203
5,252
4,973

315
6.0

312
5.9

279
5.3

84
2.7

3,036
94
3.0

97
3.1

3,144

Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,951
4.523

4,212
310

6.9

7.007
4,588
4,283
305
6.6

4,291
305
6.6

6,993
4,553

4,587
4,251
336
7.3

7,012

New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,015
3,963
3,818

144
3.6

6,047
3,943
3,809
134
3.4

6,050
3,910
3,772

6,039

6,042
3,969

3,829

6,050
3,937
3,785

New York
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

13,765
8.521
8,106
415

4.9

8,537
8,171
366
4.3

North Carolina
Civilian noninstitutional population .
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
........
Unemployment rate

3.1

3,249
128
3.8

97
2.9

Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population ....
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
,
See footnotes at end of table.




5.8

8,212
5,327
5,052
276
5.2

5,215

8.205
5,298
5,000
298
5.6

4,947
304
5.8

295
5.6

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employment status of the civilian population for eleven large States—Continued
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally adjusted1
State and employment status

Oct.
1987

Sept.
1988

Seasonally adjusted2

Oct.
1988

Oct.
1987

June
1988

July
1988

Aug.
1988

Sept.
1988

Oct.
1988

Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

9,303
5,797
5,489
308
5.3

9,327
5,845
5,549
296
5.1

9,330
5,770
5,478
292
5.1

9,303
5,734
5,403
331
5.8

9,322
5,702
5,410
292
5.1

9,325
5,735
5,433
302
5.3

9,325
5,786
5,526
260
4.5

9,327
5,815
5.500
315
5.4

9,330
5,707
5,394
313
5.5

12,041
8,245
7,638
606
7.4

12,075
8,388
7,793
594
7.1

12,079
8,375
7,804
571
6.8

12,041
8,249
7,592
657
8.0

12,067
8,518
7,926
592
6.9

12,072
8,277
7,757
520
6.3

12,072
8,381
7,814
567
6.8

12,075
8,354
7,768
586
7.0

12,079
8,359
7,739
620
7.4

Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the
administration of Federal fund allocation programs.
2
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore,




identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted
columns.

ESTABLISHMENT

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

DATA

Table B-l. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry
(In thousands)

Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

I Oct.
I 1987
Total

.(104,210 106,241 107,1291107,929

107,052

86,855

89,933

89,9141

90,156

86,241

industries.

25,404

26,095

26,1191

26,132

25,025

Mining
Oil and gas extraction.

746
423.8

746
423.6

7391
418.71

Total private
Goods_producing

738|
417.21

740
421

Construction
General building.contractors.

.1 5,3231
5,703
5,6561. 5,6351
. 11,400.811,482.7 1,459.511,455.61

5,060
1,340

Manufacturing
Production workers...

.1 19,3351
13,226

I

I

11,360
7,578

Durable goods
Production workers.

19,724
13,499

19,7591
13,5291

I

8,112
5,7341

. .

8,119
5,745

8,116
5,741

81,797

81,010

Government.
Federal..
State
Local

7401
424||

5,3081
1,4121

5,33011
1,4001

= preliminary.




5, 3401
[
li

25,734

7331
4191

731
414

,361J

5,356
1,393

,403|

19,5441 19,5931 19, 560| 19,5481 19,647
13,341" 13,3821 13, 352( 13,3331 13,419
11,566
7,720

744|
5291
5831
766 1
278 1
1,4211
2,0491
2,0941
2,0521
859(
700(
377 1

757 j
537|
5871
781|
281|
1,4571
2,1341
2,1201
2,0471
850|
7131
382j

7,9101
5,5861

8,029
5,665

1,6301
521
7311
1,1061
6821
1,5221
1,0361
1671
839
145

1,645
53
727
1,097
691
1,565
1,065
167
873|
146|
1
80,465

1

1,5471 11,534( 11,597
7,7051 7,6901 7,741
7511
537 1
5S4|
787|

789J
2821
1,464
2,151
2,122
2,052
857
715
387

753!
537(
5861
7851
281|
1,458 1
2,1561
2,1261
2,0441
8551
7181
3841

1,4601
2,1591
2,124J
2,0331
851|
7161
383|

762
540
589
794
282
1,468
2,173
2,125
2,044
861
718
384

8,027
5,662

8,0131
5,6471

8,014!
5,6431

8,050
5,678

756
541
589

1,6311 1,6301
521
521
726 1
719!
1,0961 1,0891
6921
691|
1,567
1,5721
1,067
1,0701
167
1671
882!
8781
147 1
1451
80,6081 80,786

633
51
722
087
688
575
069
168
875
146

1,657
51
722
1,085
690
1,579
1,070
169
882
145

I
81,08711 81,318

5,6101
3,3381
2,2721

5,668
3,415
2,253

5,658 j
3,4381
2,2501

5,448
3,214
2,234

5,582
3,332
2,250

5,5981
3,3451
2,253

5«, 605
3,351
2,254

6211
3681
2,2531

5,636
3,384
2,252

5,964
3,505
2,459

6,227|
3,714
2,513

6,241
3,717
2,524j

6,2701
3,7371
2,533

5,935
3,498
2,437

6,148
3,660
2,488

6,174
3,681
2,493

6,192
3,£96
2,496

6,219
3,713
2,506

6,240
3,730
2,510

18,705
2,489
2,971
2,026
6,191

6,5891
3,2831

1 2,039
1,267

6,7711
3,3241
2,0871
1,36 01

I

6,7041
3,296
2,078
1,330

3,2871
2,0821
1,3141

6,604
3,295
2,043
1,266

19,205
19,261
2,549
2,545
3,080| 3,097
2,076|
2,088
6,35211 6,369

24, 622 25,8161 25,801 25,9721 24,524. 25,472
5,334.4 5,572.215,585.1 .5,607.61
5,2821 5,480
6,927.9 7,300.417,322.8(7,370.11
6,9231 7,203

I

I

6,684
3,300
2,077
1,307

6,6791
3,3041
2,0741
1,301}

17, 356| 16,3081 17,2151 17,773j 17,1301 17,379
2, 9441 2,9801 2,9701 2,9721 2,9661 2,951
4, 0611 3,8421 4,0121 4,1891 3,9851 4,049
10, 3311 9,4861 10,2331 10,6121 10,1791 10,379

I

19,334
19,2791 * (
2,539! Z,530| 2,524
3,140
3,1061 3,1091
2,0951 2,0921 2,105
6,3771 6,384( 6,415

I

6,6891
3,2981
2,0811
1,310

6901
299!
082!
l,309(

6,700
3,300
2,086
1,314

25,662
5,512
7,271

25,7241 25,869
5,552
5,5351
7,370
7,3231

17,3301 17,359
2,9511
2,956
4,0591
4,070
10,3201 10,333

17,5481 17,539
2,991| 2,993
4,091
4,0941
10,4631 10,455

25>561
5,500
7,238

JL
P

7391
4231

1

25,6421

5,499
3,267
2,232

I

Services
Business services.
Health services...

740
425 j

19,225
13,118

78,346

19,3811 19,411
. 18,777 19,414
Retail trade
12,516.9 2,485.2 2,487.112,554.4
General merchandise stores
.|2,978.5|3,115.8|3,115.5|3,146.6
Food stores
Automotive dealers and service stations. .12,029.8(2,119.712,107.012,108.8
.16,196.116,574.416,556.2(6,421.9
Eating and drinking places
Finance, insurance, and real estate.
Finance
Insurance
Real estate

25,6631 25 ,639!

I

I

j 78,806 j 80,146

I

25,592

11,6431 11,315| 11,515
7,788j 7,5321
7,676

. 11,671.2 1,718.011,714.7 l,698.0J
52.01
56.3
54.51
54.61
734.7
726.81
722.51
725.2
.11,118.411,089.611,095.4(1,097.1
.1 682.71
693.6)
691.01 691.7
. 11,521.3 1,567.411,570.611,577.9
" """ " " "~~~ "" """"
. 11,035.4 ,076.311,071.811,070.0
.1 167.1
170.61
169.81 169.5
, I 840.8
874.31
877.5
884.6
, I 147.1
148.01 147.3
147.1

Service-producing industries

Wholesale trade
Durable goods
Nondurable goods

I

I

772.51
777
773.1
539.51
535
544.1
597.31
599 .01
598.01
789.71
781 .81
790.81
280.51
281 .01
279.9
1,456 .611,47 0.011, 476.8
2,144 .8|2,156.8|2, 168.6
2,125. 712,130.4(2, 133.9
2,007 312,042.912, 047.7
859.31
825 9|
864.2
716.31
718 7
717.0
389.11
387 1
392.9

7,975
5,648

Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products.
Paper and allied products.
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products.
Leather and leather products

Transportation and public utilities
Transportation
.
Communication and public utilities

19,646
13,4071

11,5341 11,605
7,673
7,754

Lumber and wood products
755
532
Furniture and fixtures
591
Stone, clay, and glass products
762
Primary metal industries
276
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
1,430
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
2,045
2,101
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
2,055
Motor vehicles and equipment
863
Instruments and related products
699
I 385
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods..
Production workers

I

,0661 89,181| 89,513

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of productic

upervisory workers!/ on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Seasonally adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Oct.
1987

Mining

,

,

Manufacturing

Blast furnaces and basic steel products..

Instruments and related products
Nondurable goods

Retail trade

Services

Aug.
1988

Oct.
1988£/

Oct.
1987

June
1988

July
1988

Aug.
1988

lOct.
Sept.
1988 E / |1988£/

34.9

35.0

34.8

34.9

34.9

34.7

34.9

34.6

34.7 .

34.8

42.9

42.0

42.1

42.6

(2)

C2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

C2)

38.8

38.6

38.4

38.9

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

41.3
4,0

40.8
3.9

41.2

41.2 i 41.1

41.1

41.0

41.2

41.1

41.8
4.1

41.3
4.0

41.3
4.2
42.0
4,3

42.0
4/3

41.8
4.0

41.8

41.8
4.0

41.6

4.1

41.9
4.0

41.9
4.2

40.6
40.8
43.0
43.4
43.5
42.0
42.5
41.0
42.2
42.6
41.7
40.0

40.3
39.3
42.5
43.1
43.6
41 5
42.0
40.6
41.8
42.3
41.2
39.0

40.2
40.0
42.9
44.0
44.7
42 0
42.7
41.1
43.1
44.3
41.5
39.3

40.6
40.2
42.9
43.9
44.4
41.9
42.6
40.9
43.2
44.1
41.5
39.5

40.4
40.1
42.5
43.6
43.9
41.9
42.6
41.0
42.4
42.8
41.9
39.5

40.2
39.4
42.4
43.6
44.3
42.0
42.5
41.1
43.0
44.2
41.3
39.3

40.5
39.7
42.1
43.4
44.0
41.7
43.0
41.0
42.6
42.5
41.8
39.2

40.0 1 39.9
39.0 1 39.5
42.1 I 42.4
43.5
44.0
44.6
44.0
42.0
41.8
42.7
42.4
41,1
40.8
42.7
43.4
43.6
44.7
41.5
41.5
39.2
39.2

40.4
39.5
42.4
44.1
44.8
41.8
42.7
40.9
43.4
44.3
41.7
39.0

40.5
3.9

40.2
3.8

40.5

40.2

40.4

40.1

40.2

40.1

40.1
3.7

40.6
41.4
42.0
37.5
43.7
38.2
42.3
44.0
41.9
38.8

40.8
40.1
41.3
36.9
42.9
38.2
41.8
44.6
41.3
37.7

40.8
40.9
41.4
37.1
43.7
38.5
42.4
44.5
41.6
37.5

40.5
40.9
41.1
37,1
43.4
38.0
41.9
44.3
41.5
37.3

40.4
(2)
41.8
37.3
43.6
38.1
42.5
(2)
41.8
38.8

40.3
(2)
40.7
36.9
43.2
38.0
42.4
(2)
41.6
36.9

40.5
(2)
41.1
36.9
43.2
38.0
42.3
C2)
41.6
37.0

40.4
(2)
41.1
36.8
43.2
38.0
42.1
(2)
41.5
37.6

40.2
3.7
40.2
C2)
41.1
37.2
43.3
38.1
42.2
(2)
41.6
37.5

• 4.1 I

40.3
(2)
40.9
36.9
43.3
37.9
42.1
C2J
41.4
37.3

39.4

39.7

39.4

39.6

39.3

39.3

39.5

39.3

• 39.3

39.5

38.3

38.0

38.1

38.2

38.2

37.9

38.2

37.8

38.1

38.1

29.1

29.8

29.0

29.0

29.2

29.1

29.3

29.0

28.9

29.1

36.2

35.7

35.8

36.0

(2)

C2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

32.5

52.8

32.5

32.6

32.6

32.5

32.7

32.4

32.6

32.7

1/ Data relate to production workers in mining and
manufacturing; construction workers in construction;
and nonsupervisory workers in transportation and
public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance;
insurance^ and real estate; and services* These groups
account for approximatly four-fifths of the total
employees on private nonagricultural payrolls.




Sept.
19S8 E /

2/ These series are not published seasonally
adjusted since the seasonal component is small
relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular
components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficent. precision,
p s preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers!/ on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Average weekly earnings

Average hourly earnings
Industry

Total private

T Sept.

Oct.

$9.40
9.37

$9.45 |$316.89|$323.40 $327.12 $329.81
9.44 I 316.541 322.471 325.14 328.51

12.42

12.62

12.76

12.66 I 532.82

530.04

537.20

539.32

12.82

12.95

13.12

13.12 ! 497.42 499.87

503.81

510.37

10.25

410.94

412.901 423.33

422,30

I
I

10.12

10.25

10.43
8.42
7.71
10.27
12.00
13.88
10.06
10.79
9.92
13.07
13.69
9.78
7.79

10.64
8.53
8.00
10.46
12.11
13.96
10.20
10.93
10.15
13.26
13.90
9.91
7.93

10.78
8.67
8.07
10.54
12.26
14.09
10.30
11.04
10.20
13.49
14.18
9.96
8.00

10.79
8.73
8.05
10.57
12.18
13.99
10.33
11.05
10.19
13.51
14.20
10.02
8.09

438.06
341.85
314.57
441.61
520.80
603.78
422.52
458.58
406.72j
551.55
583.19
407.83j
311.60

439.431
345.771
314.401
444.551
521.941
603.661
423.301
459.061
412.091
554.271
587.971
408.29
309.27

452.76
348.53
322.80
452.17
539.44
629.82
432.60
471.41
419.22
581.42
628.17
413.34
314.40

453.18
354.44
323.61
453.45
534.70
621.16
432.83
470.73
416.77
583.63
626.22
415.83
319.56

9.20
8.88
13.18
7.24
5.97
11.46
10.41
12.50
14.66
8.93

9.40
9.04
14.84
7.37
6.07
11.63
10.55
12.63
14.91
9.14

9.50
9.12
14.07
7.42
6.19
11.71
10.70
12.75
15.09
9.18

9.48
9.05
14.09
7.42
6.20
11.65
10.68
12.80
15.09
9.17

372.60
360.53
545.651
304.08)
223.881
500.801
397.661
528.751
645.041
374.171

377.88
368.83
595.08
304.38
223.98
498.93
403.01
527.93
664.99
377.48
234.87

384.75
372.10.
575.461
307.191
229.651
511.731
411.951
540.601
671.511
381.891

381.10
366.53
576.28
304.96
230.02
505.61
405.84
536.32
668.49
380.56
236.86

9.95
Manufacturing

6.12

6.23

6.30

6.35

237.461

12.12

12,35

12.36

12.42

477.53)

Wholesale trade
."

Finance, insurance* and real estate
Services
2/

IOct.

$9.24
9.32

19

Construction

Retail trade

I Sept.
1988 E /

$9.08
9.07

Mining

Transportation and public utilities

Aug.
1988

Aug.
1988

Seasonally adjusted

Durable goods
*
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone/ clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products
Fabricated metal products.
Machinery, except electrical. .
Electrical and electronic equipment
«
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing
Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

Oct.
1987

Oct.
19S7

236.251
490.30
375.44

9.65

9.88

10.00

10.10

6.16

6.26

6.37

6.39

179.26

317.11.
279.831 288.31
I

8.76

9.04

9.13

9.27

8.61

8.79

8.98

9.09

See footnote 1, table B-2.

369.60'

486.981
331.001

491.83
385.82

185.31
184.731
322.73| 326.851 333.72
186.55

291.851 296.33

J_

P = preliminary.

Table B-4. Hourly Earnings Index for production or nonsupervisory workers^/ on private nonagricultural payrolls by
industry
(1977=100)
Not seasonally

adjusted

Industry

I Oct.
1987

Total private nonfarm:
174.8
Current dollars
'.
Constant (1977) dollars
93.3
Mining
. 182.1
Construction
156.7
Manufacturing
175.4
Transportation and public utilities 177.5
Wholesale trade
178.3
Retail trade
I 161.9
Finance,insurance, and real estate.I 188.4
Services
I 183.7

Aug.
1988

178.6
92.4
185.6
158.5
178.4
181.0
182.1
165.7
195.2
138.8

Sept. Oct.
1988fi/ 1988

180.5
92.8
186.7
160.4
179.7
181.8
184.3
163.01
197.0
192.3

1 / See footnote 1, table B-2.
2/ Change Is -.9 percent from September 1987 to September 1988, the latest
month available.
3/ Change is .1 percent from .August 1988 to September 1988, the latest month
available.
4/These series are not seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is
small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and consequently




181.5
N.A.
185.5
160.6
179.8
182.9
186.2
168.5
199.9
194.4

Seasonally adjusted

Percent
change
from*
Oct.
1987Oct.
1988

3.8
(2)
1.9
2.5
2.5
3.0
4.4
4.0
6.1
5.9

T

Oct.
1987

June I July
1988
1988

178.6 179.31
93.2j 93.21
157.81 158.81
178.81 178.81
181.01 181.51
(4)
162.11 165.71 166.8
(4)
183.91 189.41 190.8
174.91
93.51
C4)|
155.21
176.11
177.51

IPercent
change
I from:
Aug. ISept. Oct. | Sept.
1988 1988 E / 1988 E /| 1988I Oct.
I 1988

179.51
92.91
158.61
179.31
181.9
(4)
166.7
(4)
190.9

180.2
92.9
(4)
159.2
180.0
181.3
(4)
167.0
(4)
191.9

181.6
N.A.
(4)
159.0
180.51
182.91
(4)1
168.61
(4)|
194.61

0.8
(3)
(4)
-.1
.3
.9
(4)
1.0
(4)
1.4

cannot be separated with sufficient precision.
N.A. Data not available,
p - preliminary.
N0 E
J K ^ 9 i 1 n i n S '" 1 9 " ' t h e H 0 U r l y E a r n i n g s l n d e x s e r i e s *"' ^ longer be
S S ^ B " I* r8 u a S ?' c F ° r f U r t h e f i n f o r m a t i o n ' *** Employment Cost Index
Series to Replace Hourly Earnings Index," Monthly Labor Review. July 1988,
pp.32-35.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workersi/ on private nonagricultural
payrolls by industry
(1977=100)
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Oct.
1987

Aug.
1988

123.6
103.5
86.4

84.7

Construction

147.9

158.0

Manufacturing

95.8

96.0

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
*
Stone* clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Blast furnaces and basic steel products.
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electrical and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Motor vehicles and equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

93.11
104.51
117.01
89.91
65.9
52.4
91
87.71
102.11
99.51
88.6!
104.21
87.41

Nondurable goods
Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufactures...*
Textile mill products.
Apparel and other textile products.
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products.
Leather and leather products

99.7!
104.41
82.0
83.8
87.8
102.0
133.31
95.61
86.0!
119.4!
59.1

Total private
Goods-producing industries.
Mining

Service-producing industries

134.7

Sept.M Oct.
19882/ 19882'

Oct.
1987

128.3

127.5 128.2

105.3

106.31 106.5

June
1988

July
1988

122.5

125.4

126.4

125.5

126.0

126.9

101.0

103.21 103.3

102.8

103.1

103.8

83.5

82.6

83.5

Sept. Oct.
1988E' 1988E'

84.8

85.0

155.5 157.0

136.7

97.8

97.8

94.8

96.0

96.31

96.8

93.1
106.9
112.5.
90.6
67.81
54.31
91.61
90.71
101.71
94.51
83.71
106.8!
84.81

95.5
105.5
116.0
91.01
70.1!
55.6!
94.01
93.21
103.9!
100.0)
91.91
107.8!
86.3

96.0
106.7
117.6
91.1
69.9
54.7
94.4
93.8
103.8
100.5
92.0
108.1
87.6

92.5j
102.2)
114.1
87
66
53.9
90.1
88.1
101.4
99.7
88.9
105.21
83.4)

94.31
103.81
113.4J
88.11
68.61
55.4!
92.81
91.61
103.0
•100.0
90.3
106
84.5

94.8
103.9
115.1
88.0
69.0
55.3
92.7
93.7
103.1
99.7
88.2
108.21"
85.1

94.2
102.3
112.0
87.5
68.7
54.8
92.6
92.6
102.8
99.9
90.9
107.7
84.2

94.7
101.6
114.Oj
87.71
69.81
55.0!
93.21
93.2!
103
100
91.8
108.0
84.2

95.3
104.3
114.5
88.
70.
55.8
93.
94.
103.1
100.7
92.0
109.0
83.8

100.41
108.51
72.1
80.7
84.3
101.4
136.9
98.7
88.71
122.5)

101.2
108.4
77.4
81.6
85.1
102.8
138.5
99.6
88.1
124
56.9

100.5
106.2
77.2
81.0
85.2|
102.41
137.4!
98.21
87.51
125.21

98.31
100.31
71.7
82.9
86.3
101.7
133.0
96.2
85. Ij
118.71

98.91
101.4
71.4
80.2
84.SI
101.71
136.41
98.81
86.81
123.4
54.9

99.1
100.6
73.7
81.2
84.7
101.9
136.6
98.7
86.6
124.8
55.5

98.71 98.7
100.21 99.9
72.01 68.6
79.9] 80.3
83.9
84.6
101.9 101.4
137.0 137.5
98.7
98.6
36.6
85.7
124.2 123.9
56.0
56.3

99.0
102.2
67.2
80.2
83.8
101.7
137.3
98.7
86.5
124.2
55.5

137.8

139.6

57.2J
141.01

84.11

139.3
115.9

58.21

56.21
140.1

134.3

Transportation and public utilities.

112.3

Wholesale trade.

121.6

Retail trade

123.7

Finance, insurance* and real estate.

140.4

130.6 I
i
\ 123.5
142.1 140.4! 140.9J 141.1

Services

155.1

163.6

If

Aug.
1988

115.5
126.9

127.4

116.7
128.2

126.7

126.8

162.11 163.7

110.9
120.7

85.01

85.61

144.01 142.4! 142.5
96.1)

96.5

J

143.41 144.6

139.1

138.1

138.7

113.S| 114.7

114.5

114.51 115.3

124.9! 126.3

125.4

126.9

127.3

126.2

125.6

1 4 0 . l j 142.1

140.0

140.6

141.2

160.71 161.9

163.2

126.2

I

154.81 160.01 161.5

J

127.2
126.7

P = preliminary.

See footnote 1, table B-2,

Table B-6. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment!/ increased
Time span

Jan.

Feb.

Mar.

Apr.

May

1

June

1r—!—ir"—i 1 Sept. 1
July

Over 1-month span:
1986
1987
1988

57.0
50.8
61.6

47.3
59.2
61.6

49.5
61.1
62.2

50.8
62.4
63.8

51.9
62.4
58.1

46.8
61.6
68.9

51.9
70.8
61.4

Over 3-month span:
1986.
1987
1988

50.0
57.6
71.6

47.6
57 0
66.8

45.7
65.1
67.0

46.2
69.2
66.8

46.2
68.1
71.4

46.2
71.9
69.7

48.1
73.8
68.4

Over 6-month span:
1986
1987
1988

48.1
64.6
73.5

47.3
64.3
70.3

43.8
63.0
70.3

* 42.7
70.3
73.8

Over 12-month span'1986
1987
1988

42.2
63.8
77.6

41.6
67.3
77.6

43.8
69.5
E/73.8

44.9
73.5
£ /73.2

1/ Number of employees/ seasonally adjusted for 1*
and 6 month spans, on the payrolls of 185 private nonagricultural industries. Data for the 12~month span
are unadjusted.




Oct.

Nov.

Dec.

Aug.
54.1
62.2
51.9

51.4
68.1
E/47.3

50.5 '
51.9
74.1
76.8
fi/57.6 E/57.6

53.0
67.3
g/61.9

58.9
67.8

58.9
68.4

55.9
76.5

59.7
78.1

59.2
73.0

46.5
47.0
43.2
72.4 ! 77.3
78.4
70.5 R/66.6
E/63.5

50.0
79.7

55.9
82.7

53.2
77.8

55.9
77.0

58.4
76.5

46.8
78.9

48.6
78.9

51.6
79.7

53.8
78.4

56.5
77.8

57.8
81.9

48.6
76.8

45.7
76.8

L
NOTE: Figures are the percent of industries
with employment rising. (Half of the unchanged
components are counted as rising.) Data are
centered within the spans.
p=preliminary.