Full text of The Employment Situation : October 1981

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News

Bureau of Labor Statistics

United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212

- 2 were marked over-the-month
manufacturing industries.

increases

in

joblessness

for workers

The over-the-month rise in the number of unemployed resulted
number
Contact:

Carol Leon
Diane Westcott
Kathryn Hoyle

523-1371
523-1944
(202) 523-1913
523-1208

persons

6.7 weeks in October.

the

"partially

unemployed")

OCTOBER 1981

the U.S. Department of Labor reported today.

October's unemployment rate

was 8.0 percent, up from 7.5 percent in September and the 1981 low of 7.0 percent in July.
Nonfarm payroll employment—as measured by the monthly
200,000

in October

to 91.7 million.

Total

survey

of

establishments—fell

employment—derived from the monthly survey of

Unemployment
The Nation's unemployment rate rose 0.5 percentage point to 8.0 percent in October,
the rates

of

7.6 percent recorded during the 1980 recession.

persons increased by 550,000 in October to 8.5 million.
was

particularly

higher

The number of unemployed

Though this increase was widespread, it

sharp among adult men, whose jobless rate rose from 6.2 to 6.7 percent. (See

table A-l.)
Unemployment rates rose markedly in October
percent),

and

full-time

workers (7.7 percent).

for teenagers

(20.6 percent),

had

substantial

increases since the summer.

both

groups

have

For the second straight month, a sizeable rise in

unemployment took place among blue-collar workers, whose October rate of 11.0 percent was at its
highest

point

this

year but still slightly below 1980 highs.




the number

of newly

termed

rose by nearly half a million to a record 5.0 million in October.

In a related development, there

I Quarterly averages
t
Monthly data
|
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I
I Sept.I 1980 I
1981
|
198J.
I Oct.
I
I
I
I
I
I
I change
I III I
II | III | Aug. | Sept. | Oct. |
I
I
Thousands of persons
1104,982 1106, 768| 106,4341106,602 1106, 236| 106, 736|
500
| 97,0611 98,868| 98,725| 98,944] 98,270| 98,217 |
-53
| 7,9211 7,900| 7,709| 7,657| 7,966! 8,520|
554
| 59,493| 59,377| 60,2741 60,093| 60,648| 60,359|
-289
|
9611 1,0181 1,0501
N.A.| N.A.| N.A.|
N.A.
I

Unemployment r a t e s :
All workers
Adult men
Adult women
Teenagers
White
Black and o t h e r
Hispanic o r i g i n
F u l l - t i m e workers
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Nonfarm payroll employment
Goods-producing industries
Service-producing industries

Average weekly h o u r s :
T o t a l p r i v a t e nonfarm
Manufacturing
Manufacturing overtime
p=preliminary.

!

!

!

I

\

!

I
Percent of labor force
I
I
I
I
I
I
1
|
7.5|
7.4|
7.2|
7.2|
7-51
8.0|
1
6.6|
6.1|
5.9|
5.9|
6.2|
6.7|
|
6.4|
6.6|
6.61
6.5|
6-81
7.0|
|
18.4|
19-21
18.7|
18.8|
19.31
20.6|
|
6.7|
6.5|
6- 21
6.1|
6.5|
6.9|
|
13.91
13.7|
14.61
15.0|
15.1|
15.5|
|
10.8|
9.81
9.6|
9.7|
9.3|
10.9|
|
7.31
7.1|
6.9|
6.7|
7.2|
7.7|
I
I
I
I
I
j
I
|
I
Thousands of jobs
1 90,2131 91,546 191, 91 Op| 91, 9011 91,948p| 91, 743pl
| 25,3061 25,741|25,932p| 25,931125,925pj25,632p|
| 64,907| 65,805|65,978p| 65,970|66,023p]66,lllpl
I

whites (6.9

There were small over-the-month increases for

adult women (7.0 percent) and black and other workers (15.5 percent), though

Civilian labor force
Total employment
Unemployment
Not in labor force
Discouraged workers

by

households—was about unchanged at 98.2 million, after declining markedly in September.

than

Because of the substantial increase in

Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted

HOUSEHOLD DATA

of

in both the

(See tables A-7 and A-6.)

Unemployment rose sharply in October, and nonfarm payroll employment declined, the Bureau of
Statistics

increases

The number of nonfarm workers on part-time schedules for economic reasons (sometimes

Category

Labor

from

unemployed workers (less than 5 weeks), the median duration of unemployment declined from 7.0 to

Advance copies of this release are made available to the press with
the explicit understanding that, prior to 9 a.m. Eastern time: (1)
Wire services will not move over their wires copy based on information
in this release, (2) electronic media will not feed such information to
member stations, and (3) representatives of news organizations will not
contact anyone outside the Bureau of Labor Statistics to ask questions
or solicit comments about information in this release.

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:

the construction ar

on layoff and those returning to the labor force after a period of absence

(reentrants to the labor force).

USDL 81-519
TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS
EMBARGOED UNTIL 9:00 A.M. (EST), FRIDAY,
NOVEMBER 6, 1981

(202)

of

in

(See tables A-2 and A-5.)

I

I

I
I
1
1
|

I
35-21
39.4)
2.6|

I
35.31
40.21
3.0|

!

I

!

I

j

Hours of work
.
I
I
I
3 5 . lp 1
35.21 34.9pl
39.8p|
4 0 . 0 | 39.3p|
2.9p|
3.0|
2.6p|

I

I
34.9pl
39.4p J
2.7p|

I

I

I

j

i

N.A.=not available.

0.5
0.5
0.2
1.3
0.4
0.4
1.6
0.5

-205p
-293p
88p

Op
O.lp
O.lp

- 3 Over the past 2 months, their total has risen by

840,000,

with

substantial

increases

posted

among both those whose full-time workweek was reduced and persons working part time because they
couldn't find full-time jobs.

(See table A-3.)

Total Employment and the Labor Force
Following a drop of nearly 700,000 in September, total employment was unchanged
at

98.2

million,

adult women.
The

as

a

in

October

decline among adult men and teenagers was offset by an increase among

Virtually all of the August-September employment decline took place

among

women.

overall employment-population ratio was 58.0 percent in October, its lowest level in almost

4 years.

(See tables A-l and A-2.)

Hie civilian labor force rose by 500,000 to
increase

taking

place

among

adult

women.

106.7
Their

million

in

October,

participation

rate,

with

which

the

entire

had declined

substantially the month before, moved back up to 52.3 percent.
The labor force rose by 1.5 million over the past year,
recent times.

a

somewhat

slower

pace

than

in

Increases occurred among adult women (1.4 million) and adult men (600,000), while

the number of teenage workers decreased by nearly 500,000.
both

a

declining

population

and

reduced

The teenage reduction

participation.

In

line

stemmed

from

with recent trends, the

participation rate of adult women was up by almost a full percentage point over the year,

while

that of adult men declined.
Industry Payroll Employment
Total nonagricultural payroll employment declined by 200,000 over the month to 91.7
in October.

million

Following 2 months of little change in the number of payroll jobs, the October drop

was the first decrease since July 1980.

Employment

declines

were

pervasive,

as

gains

were

registered in only one-third of the 172 industries comprising the BLS diffusion index of private
nonfarm employment.

(See tables B-l and B-6.)

The largest employment drop in October was in
Like

total

payroll

2-month period.
industries,

factory

employment

had

Two-thirds of the over-the-month decrease

especially

equipment, and lumber




employment,

manufacturing,

in
and

which

declined

by

275,000.

held fairly steady during the prior
took

place

in

the

durable

goods

transportation equipment, primary and fabricated metals, electrical
wood

products.

The

sharp

cutback

in

transportation

equipment

- 4 jobs—85,000—actually represented a cumulation of job losses since June.

A seasonally-adjusted

estimate of these losses could not be made in the intervening months because of the
changeover

to the automobile industry's new model year.

traditional

Among the nondurable goods industries,

large employment declines occurred over the month in food

processing,

textiles,

apparel, and

rubber and plastic products.
Elsewhere in the goods-producing sector,
decline

would

have

construction

jobs

dropped

by

20,000,

been larger were it not for the settlement of a strike.

but

the

Mining employment

was virtually unchanged, after posting substantial gains during the summer months.
The service-producing sector as a whole registered an advance of 90,000,
gains

took

place

only

in

the services industry and retail trade.

although

sizeable

The services industry has

posted monthly increases continually for 6 years.
Over the past 12 months, the number of

nonfarm

payroll

jobs

increased

by

1.1

million.

Nearly 1 million of this increase occurred in the service-producing sector.
Hours of Work
The average workweek of production or
payrolls,

nonsupervisory

workers

on

private

nonagricultural

at 34.9 hours in October, failed to return to the August level following a decline of

0.3 hour in September that was due, at least in part, to the occurrence of the Labor Day holiday
in

the

survey's reference week.

The manufacturing workweek edged up by 0.1 hour in October to

39.4 hours, following a 0.7-hour decline in September.
in

every

manufacturing

industry.

Over the 2-month period, hours

Factory overtime, at 2.7 hours in October, increased by 0.1

hour over the month but was down 0.3 hour over the 2-month period.
Reflecting the October reduction in employment, the
production

or

nonsupervisory

workers

index

has

been

index

of

(See table B-2.)
aggregate

weekly

hours

of

on private nonfarm payrolls—a comprehensive measure of

employment and hours effects—dropped by 0.3
the

declined

percent

in

October

to

108.3

decline

in

period.

The manufacturing index fell by 3.7 percent over the same time span.

(1977=100).

The

continuous since July, totaling 1.0 percent over the 3-month
(See table B-5.)

Hourly and Weekly Earnings
Because weekly hours were unchanged in October, both
posted

average

hourly

and

weekly

earnings

the same over-the-month change—an increase of 0.3 percent, seasonally adjusted.




Before

- 5 adjustment for seasonality, ayerage hourly earnings moved up 2 cents in
cents

above the year-earlier level.

October

to

$7.41,

56

Average weekly earning s, at $259.35 in October, were up 70

cents over the month and $17.54 over the year.

(See table B-3.)

The Hourly Earnings Index
Ihe Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 141.6 (1977=100) after seasonal adjustment
an

increase

of

0.2

percent over the previous month.

increase (before seasonal adjustment) was 8.4 percent.
types

of

changes

unrelated

to

underlying

wage

manufacturing and interindustry employment shifts.

October,

For the 12 months ended in October, the
The HEI

excludes

the

effects

of

two

rate movements—fluctuations in overtime in
In dollars of constant purchasing power, the

HEI decreased 1.4 percent during the 12-month period ended in September.

(See table B-4.)

Revisions to Household Data Series
Effective with data for January 1982, population counts derived
from the 1980 Decennial Census will be introduced into the estimation
procedures used in the Current Population Survey. Data for 1980 and
1981 will be revised based on the new census population estimates.
Provisional adjustments in the major data series for 1979 back to 1970
will also be made and will be introduced with the release of January
1982 data.




in

Explanatory Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics Survey
(establishment survey). The household survey provides
the information on the labor force, total employment,
and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about
60,000 households that is conducted by the Bureau of
the Census with most of the findings analyzed and
published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides the information on
the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables,
marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information
is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation
with State agencies. The sample includes approximately
166,000 establishments employing about 35 million
people.
For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually collected for and relate to a particular week. In
the household survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is
the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the
month, which is called the survey week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond
directly to the calendar week.
The data in this release are affected by a number of
technical factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable
variance in results between a survey of a sample and a
census of the entire population. Each of these factors is
explained below.
Coverage, definitions and differences between surveys
The sample households in the household survey are
selected so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is classified as employed,
unemployed, or not in the labor force. Those who hold
more than one job are classified according to the job at
which they worked the most hours.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid civilians; worked in their own business or
profession or on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or
more in an enterprise operated by a member of their
family, whether they were paid or not. People are also
counted as employed if they were on unpaid leave
because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor
and management, or personal reasons.
People are classified as unemployed, regardless of
their eligibility for unemployment benefits or public
assistance, if they meet all of the following criteria:
They had no employment during the survey week; they
were available for work at that time; and they made
specific efforts to find employment sometime during the
prior 4 weeks. Also included among the unemployed are
persons not looking for work because they were laid off



and waiting to be recalled and those expecting to report
to a job within 30 days.
The civilian labor force equals the sum of the number
employed and the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the percentage of unemployed people in the
civilian labor force. Table A-4 presents a special grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force.
The definitions are provided in the table. The most
restrictive definition yields U-l, and the most comprehensive yields U-7. The official unemployment rate
is U-5.
Unlike the household survey, the establishment
survey only counts wage and salary employees whose
names appear on the payroll records of nonagricultural
firms. As a result, there are many differences between
the two surveys, among which are the following:
-—The household survey, although based on a
smaller sample, reflects a larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture, the
self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private
household workers;
-—The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed; the establishment survey
does not;
-—The household survey is limited to t u ose 16 years
of age and older; the establishment survey is not limited
by age;
-—The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once;
in the establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one
payroll would be counted separately for each
appearance.
Other differences between the two surveys are
described in "Comparing Employment Estimates from
Household and Payroll Surveys,'* which may be obtained from the BLS upon request.
Seasonal adjustment
Over a course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events
as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production,
harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing
of schools. For example, the labor force increases by a
large number each June, when schools close and many
young people enter the job market. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large; over the course of a
year, for example, seasonality may account for as much
as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in
unemployment.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical
trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from
month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in economic activity or

increases in the participation of women in the labor
force, easier to spot. To return to the schooPs-out example, the large number of people entering the labor
force each June is likely to obscure any other changes
that have taken place since May, making it difficult to
determine if the level of economic activity has risen or
declined. However, because the effect of students
finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics
for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is
made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more
useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic
activity.
Measures of civilian labor force, employment, and
unemployment contain components such as age and sex.
Statistics for all employees, production workers,
average weekly hours, and average hourly earnings include components based on the employer's industry. All
these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the components
and combining them. The second procedure usually
yields more accurate information and is therefore
followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted
figure for the civilian labor force is the sum of eight
seasonally adjusted employment components and four
seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the
total for unemployment is the sum of the four
unemployment components; and the official unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of
total unemployment by the estimate of the civilian labor
force.
The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household
survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June
period and again for the July-December period. The
January revision is applied to data that have been
published over the previous 5 years. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment
are calculated only once a year, along with the introduction of new benchmarks which are discussed at the end
of the next section.
Sampling variability
Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to sampling error, that is, the
estimate of the number of people employed and the
other estimates drawn from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the amount
of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard
errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends
upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey,
and other factors. However, the numerical value is
always such that the chances are 68 out of 100 that an
estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than
the standard error from the results of a complete census.
The chances are 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on
the sample will differ by no more than 1.6 times the



standard error from the results of a complete census. At
the 90-percent level of confidence~the confidence limits
used by BLS in its analyses-the error for the monthly
change in total employment is on the order of plus or
minu 279,000; for total unemployment it is 194,000;
and, ror the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19
percentage point. These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes but, rather,
that the chances are 90 out of 100 that the "true" level
or rate would not be expected to differ from the
estimates by more than these amounts.
Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced
when the data are cumulated for several months, such
as quarterly or annually. Also, as a general rule,
the smaller the estimate, the larger the sampling
error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the estimate
of the size of the labor force is subject to less
error than is the estimate of the number unemployed.
And, among the unemployed, the sampling error for the
jobless rate of adult men, for example, is much smaller
than is the error for the jobless rate of teenagers.
Specifically, the error on monthly change in the jobless
rate for men is .24 percentage point; for teenagers, it is
1.06 percentage points.
In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most
current months are based on incomplete returns; for this
reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. When all the returns in the sample have been
received, the estimates are revised. In other words, data
for the month of September are published in
preliminary form in October and November and in final
form in December. To remove errors that build up over
time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to
establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of
employment—against which month-to-month changes
can be measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries and allow for
the formation of new establishments.
Additional statistics and other information
In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's
employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide
variety of data in this news release. More comprehensive
statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings,
published each month by BLS. It is available for $3.25
per issue or $28.00 per year from the U.S. Government
Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20204. A check or
money order made out to the Superintendent of
Documents must accompany all orders.
Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of the standard errors for the household survey
data published in this release. For unemployment and
other labor force categories, the standard errors appear
in tables B through J of its "Explanatory Notes."
Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the
establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision
due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables
M, P, Q, and R of that publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-1. Employment status of the population by sex and age
(Numbers in thousands)

Employment, statin, tax, and aga
Oct.
1980

Sept.
1981

Oct.
1981

Oct.
1980

June
1961

July
19 81

Mir.
1981

S?pt.
19 61

Crt.
1981

TOTAL
Total nonimtitutional population1
Armed Forces'
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian tabor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

167,005
2,121
164,88a
105,415
63.9
97,933
58.6
3,501
94,431
7,482
7.1
59,469

169,049
2,165
166,884
105,964
63.5
98,277
58.1
3,551
94,726
7,687
7.3
60,920

169,252
2,158
167,095
106,926
64.0
98,90 2
58.4
3,517
95,385
8,024
7.5
6 0 , 169

167,005
2,121
164,884
105,167
63.8
97,206
58.2
3,319
93,887
7,961
7.6
59,717

168,480
2,131
166,349
106,176
63.8
98,392
58.4
3,265
95,127
7,784
7.3
60,173

168,685
2 , 139
166,546
106,464
63.9
98,962
58.7
3,258
95,704
7,502
7.0
60,082

168,855
2, 160
166,695
106,602
64.0
98,944
58.6
3,370
95,574
7,657
7.2
60,093

169,049
n
, 165
1 6 6 , 8 84
106,23b
63.7
98,270
58.1
3 , 3 10
94,959
7,966
7.5
60,648

169,252
2 , 158
1.67,095
106,736
63.9
98,217
58.0
3,337
94,880
8,520
8.0
60,359

Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces'
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
,
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3
Unemployed
,
Unemployment rate

80,000
1,956
78,044
60,135
77.1
56,125
70.2
4,009
6.7

80,955
1,983
78,972
60,283
76.3
56,406
69.7
3,877
6.4

81,051
1,976
79,075
60,443
76.4
56,269
69.4
4 , 174
6.9

80,000
1,956
78,044
60,379
77.4
55,881
69.9
4,498
7.4

80,687
1,953
78,73 4
60,335
76.6
56,026
69.4
4,309
7.1

80,783
1 , 9 60
78,823
60,473
76.7
56,494
69.9
3,979
6.6

80,863
1,980
78,884
60,584
76.8
56,368
69.7
4,216
7.0

80,955
1,983
78,972
60,599
76.9
56,349
69.6
4,349
7.2

81,051
1,976
79,075
60,734
76.8
56,046
69.1
4,688
7.7

Total noninstitutional population1
,
Armed Forces1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rata
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 .
Agriculture.
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed.
Unemployment rate

71,661
1,674
69,987
55,480
79.3
52,364
73.1
2,459
49,905
3,116
5.6

72,798
1,713
71,086
55,943
78.7
52,892
72.7
2,477
50,415
3,051
5.5

72,915
1,707
71,208
56,065
78.7
52,733
72.3
2,495
50,239
3,332
5.9

71,661
1,674
69,987
55,495
79.3
51,963
72.5
2,351
49,612
3,532
6.4

72,474
1,686
70,788
55,876
78.9
52,451
72.4
2,320
50,131
3,425
6.1

72,586
1,692
70,894
5 5 , 9 57
78.9
52,811.
72.8
2,329
5 0 , 4 82
3,147
5.6

72,687
1,709
70,978
56,045
79.0
52,724
72.5
2,40 2
50,323
3,321
5.9

7?,798
1,713
71,086
56,063
78.9
5 2 , 6 08
72.3
2,343
50,264
3,455
6.2

72,915
1,707
71,208
56,100
78.8
52,327
71.8
2,388
49,939
3,773
6.7

87,006
165
86,841
45,280
52.1
41,807
48.1
3,473
7.7

88,094
182
87,912
45,681
52.0
41,871
47.5
3,810
8.3

88,201
181
88,020
46,482
52.8
42,633
48.3
3,850
8.3

87,006
165
86,841
44,788
51.6
41,325
47.5
3,463
7.7

87,793
178
87,616
45,842
52.3
42,366
48.3
3,475
7.6

87,901
179
87,723
45,991
52.4
42,467
48.3
3,524
7.7

87,991
180
87,811
46,018
52.4
42,577
48.4
3,441
7.5

88,094
182
87,912
^5,537
51.8
41,920
47.6
3,617
7.9

88,201
181
88,020
46,002
52.3
42,171
47.8
3,831
8.3

78,860
137
78,723
41,097
52.2
38,318
48.6
655
37,664
2,779
6.8

80,122
154
79,968
41,719
52.2
38,728
48.3
680
38,049
2,991
7.2

80,248
154
80,095
42,515
53.1
39,497
49.2
661
38,836
3,018
.7.1

78,860
137
78,723
40,486
51.4
37,754
47.9
576
37,178
2,732
6.7

79,766
149
79,617
41,743
52.4
39,011
48.9
56 2
38,449
2,731
6.5

79,889
150
79,739
41,879
52.5
39 , 0 82
48.9
575
38,507
2,797
6.7

79,999
151
79,848
41,857
52.4
39,155
48.9
601
38,554
2,701
6.5

80,122
154
79,968
41,395
51.8
38,576
48.1
603
37,973
2,819
6.8

80,248
154
80,095
41,911
52.3
38,958
48.5
583
38,376
2,953
7.0

6,484
309
6,174
8,837
54.6
7,250
44.0
388
6,862
1,588
18.0

16,129
298
15,831
8,302
52.4
6,657
41.3
394
6,262
1,646
19.8

16,089
297
15,792
8,345
52.8
6,671
41.5
361
6,311
1,674
20.1

16,484
309
16,174
9,186
56.8
7,489
45.4
392
7,097
1,697
18.5

16,240
296
15,944
8,558
53.7
6,930
42.7
383
6,547
1,628
19.0

16,210
2 97
15,913
8,628
54.2
7,069
43.6
3 54
6,715
1,559
18.1

16,169
300
15,869
8,700
54.8
7,065
43.7
368
6,697
1,635
18.8

16,129
298
15,831
8,778
55.4
7,086
43.9
364
6,722
1,692
19.3

16,089
29 7
15,792
8,724
55.2
6,931
43.1
366
6,565
1,793
20.6

Men, 16 years and over

Woman, 16 yean and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rata
Employed
,
Employment-population ratio3
Unemployed
,

Woman, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rata
Employed
Employment-population ratio3
Agriculture
Nonagricultural industries
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces1
Civilian noninstitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio3 .
Agriculture
,
Nonagricultural industries
,
Unemployed

1

The population and Armad Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal
identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.




J-

Civilian employment as a percent of the total noninstitutional population (including Armed
Forces).

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

TaWa A-2. Employment status of tha population by raca, aax, and aga
(Numbers in thousands)

Employment Matin, raee, tax, and age
Oct.
1980

Sept.
1981

Oct.
1981

Oct.
1980

June
1981

July
1981

Aug.
1981

Sept.
1981

WHITE
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forcesl
Civilian noninatitutional population*
Civilian labor force
Participation rata
Employed
Employment-populatio* ratio8 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

145,848
1,638
144,211
92,679
64.3
86,936
59.6
5,743
6.2

147,374
1,659
145,715
93,154
63.9
87,320
59.3
5,835
6.3

147,524
1,654
145,871
93,957
64*4
87,894
59*6
6,063
6.5

145,848
1,638
144,211
92,516
64.2
86,371
59.2
6,145
6.6

146,951
1,635
145,316
93,464
64.3
87,500
59.5
5,964
6.4

147,105
1,641
145,464
93,767
64.5
87,979
59.8
5,787
6.2

147,232
1,657
145,575
93,789
64.4
88,046
59.8
5,743
6. 1

147,374
1,659
145,715
93,355
64.1
87,329
59.3
6 , 0 26
6.5

Men, 20 yean and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio* . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

49,407
79.8
46,971
74.3
2,436
4.9

49,803
79.3
47,467
74.0
2,336
4.7

49,869
79.3
47,312
73.7
2,557
5.1

49,461
79.8
46,660
73.8
2„801
5.7

49,878
79.7
47,217
73.9
2,661
5.3

49,952
79.7
47,501
74.2
2,451
4.9

49,898
79.5
47,338
73.9
2,561
5.1

49,888
79.4
47,231
73.6
2,658
5.3

Women, 20 yean and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rata
Employed
Employment-population ratio9 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

35,356
51.5
33,283
48.4
2,073
5.9

35,891
51.6
33,704
48.3
2,187
6. 1

36,627
52.5
34,398
49.3
2,229
6-1

34,883
50.8
32,845
47.8
2,038
5.8

35,980
51.9
33,935
48.9
2,045
5.7

36,106
52.0
34,011
48.9
2,095
5.8

36,047
51.8
34,087
49.0
1,960
5.4

35,643
51.2
33,603
48.2
2,040
5.7

,916
58.1
,682
48.2
,234
15.6
16.8
14.2

7,460
56.2
6,149
45.5
1,311
17.. 6
17.1
18.1

7,461
56.4
6, 184
45.9
1,276
17.1
16.9
17.3

8,172
60.0
6,866
49.6
1,306
16.0
17.3
14.5

7,606
56.8
6,348
46.6
1,258
16.5
17.5
15.5

7,709
57.7
6,467
47.6
1,242
16.1
16.1
16.2

7,843
58.9
6,621
48.9
1,222
15.6
16.1
15-0

7,823
59.0
6,495
48.1
1,328
17.0
17.2
16.8

21,157
483
20., 673
12,736
61.6
10,997
52.0
1,739
13.7

21,675
506
21,169
12,810
60.5
10,957
50.6
1,853
14.5

21,728
504
21,224
12,969
61.1
11,008
50.. 7
1,961
15.. 1

21,157
483
20,673
12,686
61.4
10,884
51.4
1,802
14.2

21,529
496
21,033
12,741
60.6
10,928
50.8
1,813
14.2

21,579
498
21,081
12,658
60.0
10,939
50.7
1,719
13*6

21,623
503
21,120
12,793
60.6
10,877
5a. 3
1,916
15.0

21,675
506
21,169
12,872
60.8
10,924
50.4
1,948
15.1

Men, 20 yean and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio9 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

6,073
75.5
5,393
64.1
680
11.2

6,140
74.3
5,425
62.7
714
11.6

6,197
74*8
5,422
62.5
775
12.5

6,030
75.0
5,300
63.0
730
12.1

6,046
73.7
5,288
61.6
758
12.5

6 , 0 28
73.3
5,326
61,9
702
11.6

6,136
74.5
5,373
62.3
763
12.4

6,170
74.7
5,366
62.0
804
13.D

Women, 20 year* and over
Civilian labor force
Participation rata
Employed
Employment-population ratio9
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

5,741
57.0
5,035
49.8
706
12.3

5,828
56.3
5,024
48.3
804
13.8

5,888
56.7
5,100
48.9
788
13.4

5,648
56.1
4„953
49.0
695
12.3

5,759
56.1
5,065
49.1
694
12.0

5*7 29
55.6
5,040
48.8
689
12.0

5,751
55.7
5,012
48.4
739
12^8

5,767
55.7
4,974
47.9
793
13.7

922
36.0
568
21.6
353
38.3
38.4
38.3

842
32.9
508
19.3
334
39.7
36.3
43.3

885
34.5
487
18.5
398
45.0
40.5
49*1

1,008
39.4
631
24.0
377
37.4
38.2
36.4

936
36.5
575
21.9
361
38.6
39,.4
37.7

901
35.2
573
21.8
328
36.4
38.6
33-8

906
35.. 4
4 92
18.7
414
45.7
47.1
44.0

935
36.5
584
22.2
351
37.5
36.3
38.9

Both sexes, 16-10 yean
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Employment-population ratio9 . . . .
Unemployed
Unemployment rete
Men
Women
BLACK AND OTHER
Total noninstitutional population1
Armed Forces1
Civilian noninatitutional population1
Civilian labor force
Participation rata
Employed
Employment population ratio9
Unemployed.
Unemployment rata

Both texee, 16-10 yean
Civilian labor force
Participation rata
Employed
Employment-population ratio9
Unemployed
Unemployment rata

1
The population and Armed Forces figures ara not adjusted for seasonal variations; therefore,
identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.




* Civilian employment as a percent of die total noninstitutional population tindudtng Armed
Forcas).

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Selected employment indicators
(In thousands)

Category
Oct.
1980

Oct.
1S81

Oct.
1980

June
1981

July
1981

Aug.
1981

Sept.
1981

Oct.
1981

97,933
38,482
23,550
4,724

98,902
38,402
23,937
4,967

97,206
38,142
22,993
4,701

98,392
38,216
23,763
4,921

98,962
38,283
23,820
4,847

98,944
38,315
23,683
4,895

98,270
38, 169
23,174
4,915

98,217
38,059
23,399
4,947

51 , 3 2 9
15 , 8 9 1
11 , 0 1 3
6,, 3 0 4
18 , 1 2 1
30 , 8 4 1
12 , 5 9 5
10 , 4 1 8
3 ,471
358
12 , 8 8 9
2 ,873

52,271
16,445
11,411
6,262
18,153
30,531
12,233
10,370
3,569
4,359
13,203
2,897

51,101
15,780
10,979
6,277
18,065
30,521
12,485
10,210
3,443
4,383
12,891
2,735

51,959
16,057
1 1 , 174
6,440
18,288
30,922
12,482
10,550
3,425
4,466
12,930
2,648

51,857
15,966
11,418
6,220
18,254
31,038
12,575
10,567
3 , 4 81
4,415
13,284
2,689

5 2 , 123
16,299
11,217
6,369
18,238
31,113
12,508
10,501
3,499
4,605
13,002
2,732

51,826
16,254
11,341
6,295
17,937
30,637
12,202
10,334
3,453
4,649
13,093
2,717

5 2 , 104
16,347
1 1,434
6,225
18,099
30,222
12,124
1 0 , 187
3,530
4,381
13,231
2,752

Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

1,408
1,720
373

1,511
1,700
306

1,363
1,640
325

1,377
1,657
258

1,457
1,568
235

1,472
1,629
250

1 ,416
1,649
254

t,470
1,616
264

Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers
Government
Private industries
Private households
Other industries
Self-employed workers
Unpaid family workers

87 , 0 5 0
15 , 8 1 4
71 , 2 3 6
1 ,182
70, , 0 5 4
6 ,995
386

87,923
15,348
72,575
1 , 147
71,428
7,047
416

86,587
15,597
70,990
1, 144
69,846
7,005
417

87,734
15,460
72,274
1 , 146
71,128
7,005
369

88,291
15,349
72,942
1,211
71,731
6,886
3 89

88,189
15,140
73,048
1,236
71,812
6,942
378

87,457
15, 111
72,346
1 , 052"
71,294
7 , 093
3 9?

87,556
15,151
72,405
1,114
71,291
7,033
448

90,249
73,368
3,816
1,469
2,347
13,065

91,114
73,48 6
4,549
1,750
2,799
13,079

88,488
72,071
4,220
1,685
2,535
12,197

89r625
73,115
3,798
1,367
2,431
12,713

90,837
74,232
4,225
1,632
2,593
12,380

89,823
72,932
4,187
1,654
2,533
12,704

88,886
72 , 1 92
4,537
1,675
2 ,862
12,157

89,448
72,187
5,026
2,023
3,003
12,235

CHARACTERISTIC
Total employed, 16 years and over
Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers

<».

MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER

PERSONS A T WORK 1
Nonagricultural industries
Full-time schedules
Part time for economic reasons
Usually work full time
Usually work part time
Part time for noneconomic reasons

Excludes persons "with a job but not at w o r k " during the survey period for such
vacation, illness, or industrial disputes.

Table A-4. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force,
seasonally adjusted
(Percent)

Monthly osits

Quarterly avecatjM

Measures

1980

I I I

1981

IV

I

2.1

U-1

Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the civilian labor force

2.0

2.2

U-2

Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force

4. 1

4.0

5.5

5.4

7.3

7.3

7.5

7.5

U-3

U-4

U-5

U-6

Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the civilian labor force 25 years and over

Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the full-time labor force

Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force (official measure)

3.7

5.2

7.1

7.4

I I

1981

I I I

2.1

2.0

3.8

3.7

5.2

5- 2

7.1

6.9

7.4

7. 2

9.3

9.3

Aug.

Sept.

2.1

2.1

3.7

'4. 1

5. 1

5.4

6.7

7.2

7.2

7.5

9^1

9.6

N.A.

N.A.

2. 1
4

1

5.8

7.7

8.0

Total full-time jobseekers plus % part-time jobseekers plus % total on part time for economic
9.6
9.6

U-7

Oct.

Total full-time jobseekers plus V4 part-time jobseekers plus % total on part time for
economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a percent of the civilian labor force plus
discouraged workers less % of the part-time labor force

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

N.A. - not available.




9.4

10.4

10.5
1

_—_____,

10.5

10.5

10.2

10. 2

N.A.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-5. Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
Unemployment rates
Category

Oct.
1980

Oc t .
1981

Oct.
1980

June
1981

July
19 8 1

7.0
5.6
6.7
18.1

Aug.
1981

Sept.
1981

Oct.
1981

7.5
6.2
6.8
1Q.3

8.0
6.7
7.0
20.6

4.3
5.9
10.6

4,
6.
10,

CHARACTERISTIC
Total, 16 years and over
Men, 20 years and over
Women, 20 years and over
Both sexes, 16-19 years

7,961
3,532
2,732
1,697

8,520
3,773
2,953
1,793

7.6
6.4
6.7
18.5

7.3
6. 1
6.5
19.0

Married men, spouse present
Married women, spouse present
Women who maintain families

1,840
1,455
535

1,897
1,522
593

4.6
b.O
10.2

4.2
5.6
10.6

3.9
5. 3
9.8

Full-time workers
Part-time workers
Labor force time lost1

6,559
1,391

7,029
1,463

7.0
9.2
8.0

6.. 7
9.7
7.9

,073
425
281
300
,067
,708
950
,557
408
793
,167
126

2,241
429
3 22
324
1,166
3,725
1, 1 18
1,492
301
814
1,354
177

2.5
4.6
5.6
10.8
7.1
3.2
0.6
5.3
8.3
4.4

3.8
2.8
2.8
4. 1
5.3
9.8
7.
11.
8.
14.8
9.0
6.0

4.1
2.8
2.7
5.1
5.7
9.4
6.7
11. 1
6.9
14.2
8.0
4.5

3. 9
2.4
2.8
4..7
5.. 6
Q
.3
6.9
11.0
7.9
12.9

6,3 99
914
1,963
1,190
773
266
1,652
1,517
723
226

7.8
14.6
S.2
9.5
8.9
5.3
7.8
5.6
4.4
11.1

7.
16.
7.
7.4
7.
4.
7.
5.
4.
13.

7.
15.
7.
7.
•7.
4.
7.
5.
4.
10.

7.2
16.7
7.0
6.4
7.
4.
7.
5.
4.
12.

7.3
9. 1
8.4

7.2
5.9
6. 5

16

7.
9.
9.

OCCUPATION 3
White-collar workers
Professional and technical
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers
Clerical workers
Blue-collar workers
Craft and kindred workers
Operatives, except transport
Transport equipment operatives
Nonfarm laborers
Service workers
Farm workers

8. 9
5.6

4.1
2.6
2.7
5.7
10.2
7.6
11.5
8.9
14.4
8.9
3-7

,1
.6
,7
,9
. 1
.0
,4
12.8
7.9
15.
9,
6.

INDUSTRY 2
Nonagricultural private wage end salary workers3 .
Construction
Manufacturing
Durable goods
Nondurable goods
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance and service industries
Government workers
Agricultural wage and salary workers

6,039
742
2,111
1,311
800
295
1,503
1,307
715
170

industry covers only unemployed wage and salary workers.
* Includes mining, not shown separately.

Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3

7.6
16.3
7.8
7.6
8.0
4.0
3.6
5.9
4.6
10.6

Unemployment by occupation includes all experienced unemployed persons, whereas that by

Table A-6. Duration of unemployment
(Numbers in thousands)
Not seasonally
adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Oct.
1980

Oct.
1981

Oct.
1980

June
1981

July
198 1

A.uo.
1981

Se p t .
1981

Oct.
1981

3,087
2,338
2,058
1,089
969

3,521
2,449
2,053
1,017
1,036

3,186
2,500
2,292
1,256
1,036

3,172
2,360
2,315
1,205
1, 110

3,187
2,196
2,100
1,068
1,032

3,161
2,345
2,194
1,059
1,135

3,383
2,489
2,212
1,',51
1 ,061

3,652
2,605
2,251
1,156
1,095

12.9
6.8

13.4
6.2

13.3
7.5

14.2
6.7

13.9
7.0

14.5
7.0

13.7
7.0

13.7
6.7

100.0
41.3
31.2
27.5
14.6
13.0

100.0
43.9
30.5
25.6
12.7
12.9

100.0
39.9
31.3
28.7
15.7
13.0

100.0
40.4
30.1
29.5
15.4
14.1

100.0
42.6
29.3
28.1
14.3
13.8

100.0
41.0
30.5
28.5
13.8
14.7

100.0
41.8
30.8
27.4
14.2
13.1

100.0
42.9
30.6
26.5
13.6
12.9

DURATION

15 weeks and over

Average (mean) duration, in weeks
Median duration, in weeks

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION

5 to 14 weeks
16 weeks and over
15 to 26 weeks




HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA

Table A-7, Reason for unemployment
(Numbers in thousand!)

SmomHy adjuttad

Oct.
1980

Oct.
1981

Oct.
1980

June
1981

July
1981

Aug.
1981

Sept.
1981

Oct..
1981

3,686
1,219
2,467
913
2,092
791

3,887
1,181
2,706
1,007
2,239
892

4,240
1,692
2,548

4,219
1,367
2,852
863
1,955

3,691
1,178
2,513
898
2,022
873

3,929
1,205
2,724
838
1,939
944

4,338
1,412
2,925
889
1 ,949
953

4,422
1,607
2,815
962
2,172
987

100.0
49.3
16.3
33.0
12.2
28.0
10.6

100.0
48.4
14.7
33.7
12.5
27.9
11.1

100.0
53.0
21.1
31.8
10,
25.
11,

100.0
52.8
17.1
35.7
10.8
24.5
12.0

100.
49,
15.
33.
12,
27.
11.

100.0
51.4
15.7
35.6
11.0
25.4
12.3

100.0
53.4
17.4
36.0
10.9
24.0
11.7

100.0
51.8
18.8
33.0
11.3
25.4
11.6

3.5
.9
2.0
.8

3.6
.9
2.1

4.0

4.0
.8
1.8
.9

3.7
.8
1.8
.9

4.1

4.1
.9

1.8

2.0
.9

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
LoftlMtJob
On layoff
Othar job loam
Uftlwtjob
Raantarad labor foroa. • . •
Sttklngflntjob

870
2,013
880

956

PERCENT DltTRIBUTlON
Total unamployad
Job lotart
••••<••.••<...
On layoff
Othar Job loatn. . . . . . . .
Job laavan«
Raantrantt
Naw antrantt
UNEMPLOYED At A PERCENT OP THE
CIVILIAN LABOR PORCE
Job loam
Job laavan • . . . *
Raantrantt.
Nawantrantt

1.9
.8

3.5
.8
1.9
.8

.9

Table A-8. Unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted
Numbarof
unaajipioyad partont

Unamptoymant ratat

Baxandaia

Oct.
1980
Total, 16 yaart and ovar
16 to 24 yaart.
16 to 19 yaart.
18 to 19 yaart.

25 .to 54 yttrt.

16 to 24 yaart.
16 to 19 yaart.
16 to 17 yaart.
18 to 19 yaart
20 to 24 yaart
25 yaart and ovar
66 yaart and ovar
Woman, 16 yaart and ovar
16 to 24 yaart
16 to 17 yaart
18to 19yaart




I
I

Oct.
1981

Oct.
1980

June
1981

July
1981

Aug.
1981

Sept.
1981

Oct.
1981

7,961
3,610
1,697
781
909
1#913
4,368
3,885
494

8,520
3,785
1,793
732
1,053
1,992
4,743
4,163
578

7.6
14.6
18.5
20.9
16.7
12.3
5.4
5.9
3. 4

7.3
14.6
19.0
22.6
17.3
12.1
5.2
5.6
3.4

7.0
13.7
18.1
19.3
17.7
11.3
5.1
5.4
3.5

7.2
14.3
18.8
20.5
17.4
11.8
5.1
5.4
3.5

7.5
14.7
19.3
21.2
18.1
12. 1
5.4
5.8
3.8

8.0
15.6
20.6
21.4
19.9
12.8
5.8
6. 1
3.9

4,498
2,116
966
442
518
1,150
2,39 8
2,121
300

4,688
2,073
915
388
523
1,158
2,624
2,295
339

7.4
16.0
19.8
21.8
18. 1
13.8
5* 1
5.6
3.3

7.1
15.3
19.8
24.4
18.1
12.8
5.0
5.3
3.5

6.6
13-8
18.4
19.8
17.8
11.3
4.7
4.9
3.4

7.0
15.2
19.7
21.5
18.1
12.7
4.8
5.0
3.4

7.2
15.2
19.3
21.2
18.1
12.9
5.0
5.5
3.5

7.7
16.0
19.7
20.6
19. 1
13.9
5.5
5.9
3.8

3,463
1,494
731
339
391
763
1,970
1,764
194

3,831
1,712
878
344
530
834
2,120
1,868
239

7.7
13.0
17.0
19.8
15. 1
10.6
5.9
6.4
3.4

7.6
13.7
18.2
20.6
16. 4
11.2
5.6
6.0
3.3

7.7
13.6
17.7
18.7
17.5
11.3
5.7
6.1
3.7

7.5
13.4
17.8
19.5
16.8
10.8
5.5
5.9
3.6

7.9
14.2
19.3
21. 1
18.1
11.2
5.9
6.3
4.4

8.3
15.1
21 5
22.4
20.8
11 5
6. 1
6. 5
4.1

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Employment status of the black and Hispanic-origin
(Numbers in thousands)

Employment status
Oct.
1980

Oct.
1981

17,545
10,748
61.3

Oct.
19 80

June
1981

July
1981

Aug.
1981

Sept.
1981

Oct.
1981

17,545

17,795
10,751

17,828
10,654

17,852
10,764

59.8
9,118

60.3
9,016

14.4
7,174

17,886
10,900
60.9
9,119
1,781
16.3
6,986

17,923
1 0,92 0

60.4
9,084

549
9.7

9,098
5,757
63.3
5,224
533
9.3

9, 189
5,878
64.0
5,238
640

3,385

3,341

BLACK 1
Civilian noninititutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

1,579
14.7

17,923
10,977
61.2
9 , 186
1,790
16.3

6,797

6, 946

6,844

1,667
15.5
7,044

8,759
5,596
63.9
5,047
549
9.8
3,162

9,189
5, 863
63.8
5,280
584

8,759
5,589
63.8
4,992
597

8,915
5,658
63.5
5,078
580

10.0
3,326

10.7
3,170

10.2
3,257

9,169

10,701
61.0

9,070
1,631

15.2

1,536

1,748
16.2
7,088

60.9
9,092

1 ,828
16.7
7,003

HISPANIC ORIGIN 1
Civilian noninititutional population
Civilian labor force
Participation rate
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Not in labor force

8,950
5,656
63 .2
5,096
559
9.9
3,294

9,050
5,665
62.6
5 , 116

10.9
3,311

Data on persons of Hispanic ethnicity ara collected independently of racial data. In the 1970
approximately 96 percent of their population was white.

1
Data relate to black workers only. In the 1970 census, they constituted about 89 percent of the
"black and other" population group.

Table A-10. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted
(Numbers in thousands)
Civilian labor force
Unemployed

Employed

Oct.
1980

Oct.
1981

Oct.
1980

Oct.
1981

Oct.
1980

Oct.
1981

8,368
7,318
1,640
3,555
2 , 123
1,050

8,616
7,314
1,421
3,231
2,662
1,302

7,953
7,030
1,545
3,435
2,050
923

8,180
7,044
1,342
3 , 109
2,593
1,136

7,548
6,655
1,396
3,275
1,984
893

7,678
6,589
1,198
2,933
2,458
1,089

405
375
149
160
66
30

502
455
144
176
135
47

15,734
7,204
4,738
3 , 7 92

16,614
7,490
5,379
3,745

15,006
6,828
4,534
3,644

14,145
6,328
4,301
3,516

14,847
6,550
4,890
3,407

861
500
233
128

921
509
258
154

Oct.
1980

Oct.
1981

Oct.
1980

Oct.
1981

VETERANS
Total, 25 years and over
25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 years and over

6.
6.
10.
5.
5.
4.

NONVETERANS
Total, 25 to 39 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years

15,768
7,059
5,148
3,561

NOTE: Vietnam-era veterans are males who served in the Armed Forces between August 5. 1964
and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans ara males who have twm served in the Armed Forces; published data are
limited to those 25 to 39 years of age, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the




5.7
7.3
5. 1
3.5

5.8
7.2
5.0
4.3

Vietnam-era veteran population. Data for 20-to-24-year-old veterans are no longer shown on the table,
because the group is rapidly disappearing (into the 26-29 age category) and the number* remaining are
not large enough to warrant their continued publication.

HOUSEHOLD DATA

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11.

Employment status of tha noninstrtutiofial population for the tan largast Stataa

(Numbers in thousands)

State and employment status

Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force

Employed
Unemployed

Unemployment rate

Oct.
1980

Sept.
1981

Oct.
1981

Oct.
1980

June
1981

July
1981

Aug.
1981

Sept.
1981

Oct.
1981

17,208
11,252
10,492
760
6.8

17,493
11,321
10,532
788
7.0

17,521
11,485
10,607
878
7.6

17,208
11,246
10,441
805
7.2

17,417
11,324
10,567
757
6.7

17,444
H..340
10,521
819
7.2

17,466
11,397
10,629
768
6.7

17,493
11,348
10,528
820
7.2

17,521
11,488
10,556
932
8..1

7,026
3,935
3,657
278
7.1

7,207
4,135
3,803
332
8.0

7,225
4,192
3,864
328
7.8

7,026
3,933
3,681
252
6.4

7,159
4,070
3,824
246
6.0

7,175
4,125
3,880
245
5.9

7,189
4,165
3,900
265
6.4

7,207
4,131
3,829
302
7.3

7,225
4,198
3,893
305
7.3

8,340
5,507
5,014
493
9.0

8,386
5 , 4 92
5,054
438
8.0

8,391
5,560
5,110
451
8.1

8,340
5,471
4,964
507
9.3

8,374
5,505
5,080
425
7.7

8,379
5,530
5,117
413
7.5

8,381
5,544
5,076
468
8.4

8,386
5,520
5,057
463
8.4

8,391
5,519
5,060
459
8.3

4,427
2,965
2,798
167
5.6

4,461
2,950
2,757
193
6.5

4,464
3,043
2,831
212
7.0

4,427
2,988
2,792
196
6.6

4,452
2,928
2,749
179
6. 1

4,455
2,966
2,771
195
6.6

4,457
2,992
2,785
207
6.9

4,461
2,962
2,773
189
6.4

4,464
3,060
2,819
241
7.9

6,824
4,293
3,762
532
12.4

6,888
4,374
3,906
469
10.7

6,895
4,438
3,926
512
11.5

6,824
4,303
3,718
585
13.6

6,870
4,415
3,94 6
469
10.6

6,878
4,423
3,923
500
11.3

6,882
4,456
3,963
493
11.1

6,888
4,388
3,874
514
11.7

6,895
4,445
3,882
563
12.7

5,579
3,576
3,343
234
6.5

5,622
3,475
3,256
219
6.3

5,627
3,566
3,337
229
6.4

5,579
3,569
3 , 310
259
7.3

5,611
3,573
3,322
251
7.0

5,615
3,556
3,342
214
6.0

5,618
3,520
3,282
238
6.8

5,622
3,497
3,265
232
6.6

5,627
3,566
3,312
254
7. 1

13,326
7,920
7,343
577
7.3

13,338
7,855
7,311
544
6.9

13,342
7,887
7,357
530
6.7

13,326
7,995
7,395
600
7.5

13,336
8,015
7,377
638
8.0

13,339
7,963
7,361
602
7.6

13,337
7,931
7,370
561
7.1

13,338
7,962
7,417
545
6.8

13,342
7,965
7,412
553
6.9

8,000
5,208
4,774
433
8.3

8,049
5,104
4,593
511

8,000
5,138
4,682
456
8.9

8,037
5,125
4,719
406
7.9

8,042
5,144
4,686
458
8.9

8,045
5,111
4,624
487
9.5

8,049
5,048
4,528
520

10.0

8,055
5,112
4,607
505
9.9

10.3

8,055
5,051
4,524
527
10.4

8,970
5,447
5,031
416
7.6

9,009
5 , 3 94
4,953
441
8.2

9,015
5,472
5,005
467
8.5

8,970
5,423
5,003
420
7.7

8,999
5,399
4,913
486
9.0

9,004
5,474
5,042
432
7.9

9,005
5,485
5,070
415
7.6

9,009
5,405
4,962
443
8.2

9,015
5,443
4,973
470
8.6

9,805
6,500
6,205
294
4.5

9,993
6,722
6,368
355
5.3

10,012
6,726
6,416
311
4.6

9,805
6,468
6,141
327
5.1

9,942
6,675
6,232
443
6.6

9,960
6,646
6,307
339
5. 1

9,976
6,625
6,271
354
5.3

9,993
6,723
6,349
374
5.6

10,012
6,713
6,370
343
5.1

no
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

Unemployment rate
Nli
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force

Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Mk
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
New York
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed

Unemployment rate
Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population 1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population'
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate
Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population 1
Civilian labor force
Employed
Unemployed
Unemployment rate

1
Tha population figures ara not adjusted for seaaonaJ i
appear in the unadjusted and tha seasonally adjusted columns.
* These are tha official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in tha administration of
Federal fund allocation programs.




ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-1. Employees on nonagricuttiiral payrolls by industry
[In thousands]

Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Industry
Aug.
1981

Sept.p
1981

Oct.
1981

91,244

91,598

9 2,079

9 2,33 2 90,668

25,888

26,221

26,283

2 5,99 3 25,521

Oct.
1980

Total

Durable goods

Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment

Nondurable goods

p

Oct.
1980

June
1981

Sept.,
1981

act.
1981

July
19*1

Aug.
1981

91,615

9 1 . 8 30

91,901

91,^94 8

91,743

25,818

2 5 . 9 39

25,931

25,925

25,632

1,034

1,169

1,164

1 , 160

1,032

1,110

1 , 1 32

1,151

1,157

1,158

4,619

4,579

4,511

4,433

4,379

4,284

4,272

4,275

4,268

4,249

20,235
14,141

20,473
14,230

20,608
14, 391

20,350 20,110
14, 150 1 4 , 0 2 4

20,424
14,245

20,535
14,327

20,505
14,294

20,500
14,293

20,225
14,033

12,061
8,304

12,188
8,323

12,294
8,446

1 2 , 174
8,331

12,013
8,259

12,278
8,455

1 2 , 3 33
8,491

12,332
8,485

12,309
8,468

12,126
3,236

691.4
465.0
663.5
1,103.7
1,586.6
2,461.2
2,094.8
1,869.0
706.3
419.2

701.5
480.6
669. 1
1,140.3
1,590.9
2,511.4
2,146. 1
1,799.6
726.2
421.8

690.2
483.7
664.7
1,141.5
1,609.7
2,539.1
2,164.8
1,850.2
723.4
426.5

673.2
481.4
654.3
1,117.4
1,590.3
2,529.7
2, 157.2
1,322.5
719.7
428.2

679
462
655
1,108
1,578
2,481
2,087
1,848
709
406

699
486
658
1,144
1,604
2,521
2,148
1,886
717
415

702
4 88
658
1,140
1 , 6 14 2,533
2,163
1,886
723
4 26

686
487
660
1,148
1,610
2,542
2,166
1,889
727
417

677
484
65*
1,142
1,60 8
2,549
2,163
1,887
727
417

661
478
64b
1,122
1,581
2,550
2,149
1,801
723
415

8,174
5,837

8,285
5,907

8,314
5,945

a , 176
5,819

8,097
5,765

8,146
5,790

8,202
5,836

8,173
5,809

8,191
5,825

b,099
5,747

1,765.2
75.9
845.4
1,270.5
690.6
1,259.1
1,099.5
209.7
725.7
232.1

1,773.2
75.6
847.3
1,276.8
700.3
1,289.4
1,112.0
215.4
756.8
238.6

1,775.0
77.2
850.6
1,292.3
701.51,293.4
1,111.6
213.0
762.3
236.6

1,700.4
76.9
834.6
1,277.3
691.2
1,294.5
1, 102.0
213.5
749.4
235.7

1,711
69
845
1,256
6 91
1,262
1,102
208
7 22
231

1,673
71
a46
1,264
695
1,284
1,111
212
757
233

1,691
71
856
1,278
696
1,290
1,110
2 12
760
2 38

1,668
73
849
1,272
698
1,295
1,106
212
764
236

1,668
71
850
1,278
702
1,300
1,113
211
762
236

1,648
70
334
1,262
691
1,297
1,105
212
746
234

65,356

65,377

65,796

66,339

65,147

65,797

65,941

65,970

66,023

66,111

Transportation and public
utilities

5,166

5,175

5,227

5,230

5,129

5,149

5,167

5,170

5,191

5,194

Wholesale and retail trade

20,533

20,811

20,926

20,993

20,461

20,717

20,796

20,862

20,879

20,913

Wholesale trade

5,315
15,218

5,386
15,425

5,369
15,557

5,296
5,37 5
15,613 15,165

5,349
15,368

5,360
15,436

5,375
15,487

5,36«
15,510

5,354
15,556

Finance insurance and real estate

p-preliminary.




M

5,211

5,408

5,353

5,337

5,221

5,331

5,344

5,354

5,358

5,348

18,115

18,83 5

18,829

18,877

18,087

18,560

18,642

18,667

18,791

18,839

16,331

15,148

15,461

15,902

16,249

16,040

15,992

15,917

15,804

15,820

2,774
13,557

2,803
12,345

2,741
12,720

2,744
13,158

2,795
13,4*4

2,781
13,259

2,777
13,215

2,770
13,147

2,771
13,033

2,766
13,054

ESTABLISHMENT _DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls- /by industry
SeaKMotty adjusted

Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
Oct.
1980

Aug.
1901

Sept.
1981 P

Oct.
1981 P

Oct.
1980

June
1981

July
1981

Aug.
1981

S ey t .
1 98 1 P

Oct.
1981

35.3

35.6

35.0

35.0

35.3

35.2

35.3

35.2

34.9

34.9

43.6

44. 1

4 3.8

44.5

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

Construction

37.9

37.3

35.7

37.1

(2)

(2)

(2)

Manufacturing

39.8
2.9

39.8
3.0

39.5
2.9

39.5
2.8

39.7
2.8

40. 1
3.0

40.0
3.0

40.0
3.0

39. 3
2.6

39.4
2.7

40.3
2.9

40.2
2.9

39.7
2.7

39. 6
2.7

40.1
2.8

40.5
3.0

40.5
3.0

40.5
3.0

39.6
2.5

39.7
?.6

39.2
38.5
41.3
39.9
40.5
40.7
39.8
41.1
40.3
38.9

39.0
3 8.6
41.0
40.3
40.3
40.7
40.0
40.5
40.4
39.0

38.1
37.6
40.6
40.6
39.5
40.3
39.6
39.8
40.4
38.8

37.8
37.8
40.6
39.6
40.0
40.4
39.7
40.2
40.4
39.2

38.6
38.0
40.8
40.1
40.4
40.8
39.8
40.7
40.3
38.6

39.0
38.9
40.8
40.8
40.7
41.1
40.2
41.4
40.4
39.1

33.8
38.5
40.9
40.5
40.5
41.1
40.5
41.2
40.5
39.2

38.6
38.6
40.8
40.7
40.5
41.2
40.4
41.3
40.8
39.1

37.5
37.4
40.3
40.4
39. 4
40.2
39.5
39.8
40. 5
38.5

37.2
37.4
40. 1
3 9.8
39.9
40.5
39.7
39.8
40.4
38.9

39. 1
2.9

39.4
3.0

39.1
3.1

39.0
2.9

39.0
2.8

39.4
3.0

39.3
2.9

39.3
2.9

38.9
2.8

38.9
2.8

39.7
40.0
39.9
35.5
42.2
37.2
41.5
43.7
40.7
36.6

40.0
40.7
40.0
36.3
42.5
37.5
41.4
43.0
40.4
36.9

3 9.8
40.1
39.0
35.2
43.3
37.5
42.3
44.0
39.R
36. 1

39.4
39.2
39.4
35.7
42.3
37.2
41.3
43.6
40.4
36.8

39.6
(2)
39.8
35.4
42.2
37.1
41.5'
42.8
40.5
36.7

39.8
(2)
40.2
36.1
42.7
37.4
41.7
43.4
41.0
37.4

39.4
(2)
40.4
35.9
42.7
3 7.3
41.8
43. 1
40.5
36.5

39.4
(2)
40.3
36.1
42.7
37.3
41.7
42.8
40.6
36.9

39.2
(2)
39. 0
35.2
43.2
37.2
42.4
42. 9
39. 6
36.2

39.3
(2)
39.3
35.6
42.3
37.1
41.3
42.6
40.2
36.9

39.8

39.5

39.1

39.1

(2)

32.1

32.8

32.2

31.9

32.1

38.7
30.0

38.7
30.9

38.5
30.2

38.5
29.8

33.5
30.1

36.3

36.3

36.0

36.2

(2)

Lumber and wood products
Furniture and fixtures
Stone, clay, and glass products
Primary metal industries
Fabricated metal products
Machinery, except electrical
Electric and electronic equipment
Transportation equipment
Instruments and related products
Miscellaneous manufacturing

Food and kindred products
Tobacco manufacturers
Textile mill products
Apparel and other textile products
Paper and allied products
Printing and publishing
Chemicals and allied products
Petroleum and coal products
Rubber and misc. plastics products
Leather and leather products

(2)

p

Transportation and public

Wholesale trade
Retail trade

(2)

(2)

(2)

(2)

32.1

32.2

32.1

32. 1

31.9

38.5
30. 1

38.7
30.1

38.6
30. 1

33.5
30. 1

38.3
29.9

(2)

Finance, insurance, and

Services

32.6

32.9

Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction workers
in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale
and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonagricultural payrolls.




32.5

32.4

'

32.6

(2)
32.5

(2)
32.5

(2)

(2)

(2)

32.4

32.4

32.5

This series is not seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is small relative to the

trend-cycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient
precision.
p»preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry
Average weekly earnings

Average fcovrty •erningi
Industry

Total private

Oct.
1980

$6.85
6.83

!

Aug.
1981

Sept.
1981 P

Oct.
1981

$7.30
7.34

$7.39

$7.41
7.38

7 . 36
9.36

1 0 . 15

P

Oct.
1980

Au g .
1981

Sept.
1981

p

Oct.
1981

p

$241.81 $259.88 $258.65 $259;35
257.56
256.86
241.10 I 258.37

10.24

408.10

447.62

450.70

455.68

11.07

388.10

405.45

393.06

410.70

8 . 14

298.10

319.20

321.53

3 21.53

10.29
10.24

10.87

7.49

8.02

1 1.01

Durable goods
Lumber and wood products
Stone, clay, and glass products
Fabricated metal products

Nondurable goods

Paper and allied products
Chemicals and allied products
Rubber and misc. plastics products

8 . 14

8.01

8.57

6.73
5.60
7.74
1 0 . 10
7.69
8.30
7.18
9.75
6.94
5.56

7- 13
5.98
8.41
10.99
8.27
8.86
7.76
10.30
7.56
5.97

3.68
7.16
6.00
8.53
11.25
8.33
8.98
7.79
10. 41
7.61
6.06

6.74

7.24

6.95
7.69
5.27
4.73
8.09
7.74
8.53
10.38
6.79
4.65

7.50
8.61
5.66
4.98
8.67
8.27
9.19
11.31
7.32
4.97

8.69

322.80

344.51

344.60

3 45.86

7 . 19
6.07
8.50
11.06
8.37
9.06
7.78
10.55
7.59
6.07

263.82
215.60
319.66
4 02.99
311.45
337.81
285.76
400.73
279.68
216.28

278.07
230.83
344.81
442.90
33 3 . 2 8
360.60
310.40
417.15
305.42
232.83

272.80
225.60
346.32
456.75
329.04
361.89
308.48
414.32
307.44
2 3 5 . 13

271.78
229.45
3 4 5 . 10
437.98
334.80
366.02
308.87
424.11
3 0 6 . 64
2 3 7 . 94

7.37

7.33

263.53

285.26

2 8 8 . 17

285.87

7.57
8.71
5.68
5.05
8.92
8.39
9.38
1 1.48
7.40
5.07

7.58
8.68
5.72
5.04
8.73
8.40
9.32
11.34
7.43
5.07 j

275.92
307.60
210.27
167.92
341.40
287.93
354.00
453.61
276.35
170.19

300.00
350.43
226.40
180.77
368.48
310.13
380.47
436.33
295.73
183.39

301.29
349.27
221.52
177.76
386.24
314.63
396.77
5 0 5 . 12
294.52
183-03

298.65
340.26
225.37
179.93
369.28
312.48
384.92
494.42
300.17
186.58

|

Transportation and public utilities

9.19

9.89

9.98

10.01

365.76

390.66

390.22

391.39

Wholesale and retail trade

5.59

5.94

6.03

6.00

179.44

194.83

194.17

191.40

Wholesale trade
Retail trade

7.09
4.98

7.67
5.26

7.71
5.-36

7.73
5.30

274.38
149.40

296.83
162.53

296.84
161.87

297.61
1 5 7 . 94

Finance, insurance, and real estate

5.91

6.37

6.36

6.41

214.53

231.23

228.96

2 32.04

Services

6.00

6.41

6.50

6.55

195.60

210.89

210.60

212.88

.

. _J
1

See footnote 1, table B-2.




p-preliminary.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-4.
Hourly Earnings Index for production or nonsupervisory workers' on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry division, seasonally adjusted
(1977» 100)
fVfOMrt cfunfB from
Industry

Oct.
1980

May
1981

June
1981

July
1981

Aug .
1981

Sept.p
1981

O c t . p Sept.1981- Oct. 1980Oct. 1981
Oct. 1981
1981
(Seas, adj.) (Unadj.)

130.6
93.2

137.7
93.1

138.4
92.9

139.0
92.2

140.7
92.7

141.
92.

141.6
N.A.

137.5
124.4
133.5
130.9
130.8
129.9
128.5

145.6
129.4
140.7
138.9
137.4
136.8
136.0

147.2
130.4
141.6
139.8
137.8
137. I
136.6

148.9
131.8
142.5
139.3
138.4
137.4
136.9

149,
132,
143,
14-1,
140.
140.
139,

151.5
132.8
144.8
141.8
141.0
139.9
139.7

150.
133.
145.
142.
140.
140.
140.

Total private nonfarm:
Current dollars
Constant (1977) dollars
Mining4
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation and public utilities
Wholesale and retail trade
Finance, Insurance, and real estate
Services
1
2
3
4

0.2
(2)

8.4
(3)

8.8
8.8
7.4
8.4
8.9

See footnote 1, table B - 2 .
Percent change was -.7 from August 1981 to September 1981, the latest month a v a i l a b l e .
Percent change was -1.4 from September 1980 to September 1981, the latest month a v a i l a b l e .
This series is not seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is small relative to the trend-cycle
irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision.

and/or

N.A. » not a v a i l a b l e ,
p » preliminary.

Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers, on private
nonagricultural payrolls by industry, seasonally adjusted

1981

1980

Total private

Feb.

107.9

108.2

102.3

102.4

126.6

130. 1 130.1

114.4

1 15.6 113.9

Nov.

Dec.

107.4

107.7

101.7

102.0

124.0
117.7
97.6

Primary metal industries

Jan.

Oct.

98.4

98.6
97.3
89.1
90.6
95.1
95.1
93.9
94.5
89.3
92.6
95.9
96.4
109. 1 1 0 9 . 8
104.6 105.3
88.2
91.3
111.4 111.7
90.1
89.5

Apr.

107.9

108.4

108.9

100.9

102.4

102.8

128.6

128.2

112.0

109.1

1 16.6 115.8

98.0

98.4

99.0
97.8
98.5
91.7
91.7
93.2
97.4
96.4
96.6
92.8
94. 1
94.6
94.0
94.6
94.6
95.3
96.1
96.2
109.3 109.8 108.7
106. 1 106.5 105.3
88.3
89.1
86.8
112.0 112.3 111.2
90.7
90.8
91.2

98.6
91.9
97.4
92.7
94.7
96.2
109.1
107.0
88.7
1 11.5
90.6

98.5

Septp

Dct.

109.2

108.6

108.3

103.4

101.1

100.2

139.8

138.4

139.6

110.0

105.0

108.1

98.6

96.8

Jane

July

Aug.

108.9

108.7

109.4

103.1

102.6

103.5

113.3

128.0

136.5

112.9

109.3

110.9

May

100.2

100.5

100.4

100.7 101.1 100.6
92.9
96.1
94.5
100.5 102.6 102.6
93.9
94.5
94.8
94.6
94.8
95.7
98.4
98.7
98.2
110.5 111.8 111.5
108.4 109.6 109.2
91-9
93.3
92.2
110.9 112.0 111.7
92.2
92.4
92.0

100.9
92.5
102.3
94.5
93.5
98.8
111.7
110.9
91.1
1 13.3
95.4

98.4
96.5
100.9
86.0
83.0
89.8
96.4
102. 3 98.1
92.5
90.4
94.6
90.0
93.1
94.4
95.5
94.5
98.4
1
1
0
.
6
111.1
112.9
110.5 108.1 107.6
32.1
88.5
91.6
113.9 113.3 112.5
92.0
9
1
.
0
92.8

99.9

100.7

98.3
98.1
100.4
99.0
96.5
98.1
90.7
90.9
94.0
94.3
99.1
99.2
108.2 107.8
101.1 101.0
104.6 103.9
99.3 100.1
89.3
89.5

98.7
100.5
96.5
90.7
94 1
99.9
108.5
101.2
105.3
102.2
88.5

100.1
100.8
98.4
92.6
96.0
100.8
109.5
102-0
105.4
105.3
90.6

99.5
98.1
98.3
92.1
96.8
100.7
108.8
102.5
102.9
104.7
91.4

99.8
98.4
103.2
93.7
97.6
100.9
108.8
102.4
102.2
103.6
91.4

99.5
96.8
110. 1
92.7
97.2
101.1
109.3
102.2
100.7
105.0
91.5

98.7
96.3
101.2
90.0
95.4
103.3
109.4
104.4
100.2
102.0
89.8

1 11.0 111.3

111.7

111.8

112.3

112.0

112.1

1 12.6 112.5

112.7

106.6

105.0

105.4

105.1

105.4

104.9

106.2

106.0

105.2

105.2

105.9

106.6

106.8

106.9

107.2

106.9

107.0

107.8

107.9

108.0

111.5 111.1 1 11.1 111.4
104.7 105.2 105.4 105.6

111.4
105.2

11 1.3 1 1 2 . 3
105.3 106.0

98.0
100.4
100.1
91.3
94.6
98.8
107.0
99.9
102.2
98.3
88.8

98.0
100.3
102.2
91.3
93.9
99.4
106.3
100.5
102.5
99.4
87.8

98.4
99.7
97.1
91.6
94.4
100.4
108.5
100.6
102.4
100.0
88. 1

110.6

110.9

106.3

105.7

106.1

106.3

Wholesale trade
Retail trade

110.6
104.3

1 10.5 110.9
104.7 103.9

Finance, insurance, and
real estate

115.9

116.2

Transportation and public
utilities

98.9

Mar.

98.9
10 0 . 9
98.4
91.2
95.4
99.9
108.5
100.8
104.6
100.4
88.5

Wholesale and retail

116.0
1

See footnote 1, table B-2.




116.5

1 16.9 117.3

117.3
117.7

117.4
118.2

117.5
118.4

p- preliminary.

117.8
119.3

112. 1 111.7
106.2 106.5

97.4
95.2
97.6
88.8
95.1
99.2
109.0
100.9
101.0
100.9
91.1
112.7

104.6

107.4
111.0
106.0

117.4

117.6

118.1

118.7

118.1

118.2

119.2

118.7

119.3

119.0

119.7

120.5

p

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

ESTABLISHMENT DATA

Table B-6.

Indexes of diffusion:

Year and month

Percent of industries in which employment 1 increased

Over 1 -month span

Over 3-month span

Over 6-month span

Over 12-month span

1978
January
February........
Ma r c h
2 . . .

66.3
66.3
72

77.
76,
80,

80.8
82.8
83.7

79.9
82.8
82.3

April
Hay
June

73,
65.
70,

78,
78,
73,

77,
80,
78,

85,
83.
83,

July
August.
September

62.
66,
67,

71,
69,

74.1
77.3
77.0

81.7
80.8
79.4

October
November
December

66,
72,
70.

76,
76,
77,

79.4
73.3
74.7

75,
77,
7'5,

January
February
March

65.1
66.0
64.2

72,
68,
65,

72.1
71.8
70.1

74.7
70.6
69.5

April
Ma y
June

54.1
60.
62,

65.7
62.8
63.7

64.8
59.6
54.4

67,
59,
58.1

57,
53,
49.

55.
50.
53.

56,
51,
52,

55.8
55.2
50.0

61,
49.
49,

52,
53.
49,

50.6
51.2
47.7

46.
38.
35.8

January
February
March.

52.6
53.2
49.4

50.
46.
38.

40.4
33.4
30.8

32.0
32.6
31.7

April
May
June

34.6
32.8
31.4

30.
27.
25.

24.
26.
28.

32.
31.
31,

July
August
September

36.9
64.8
64.0

35.5
54.9
71.2

35.
45.
61,

31,
32.
34,

October
November
December

61,
63,
56,

69.8
64.8
64.0

73,
72,
65.

43.6
55.8
70.3

January
February
March

59.6
55.8
52.3

61.
61,
64,

68.
68.
67.

78.8
75.6
73.5p

April
Ma y
June

69.8
62.5
51.5

68,
66,
68,

70, 3
67, 7
71. 2p

65.7p

July
August
September

67.2
49.7
57.Op

60.2
64.8p
42.2p

53.2p

October
November
December

33.lp

1979

July
August
September

•

October
November
December
1980

1981

1
Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagricultural industries,
p * preliminary.




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