Full text of The Employment Situation : October 1978
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News
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact:
J. Bregger
(202)
K. Hoyle
(202)
hone:
523-1944
523-1371
523-1913
523-1208
333-1384
United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212
USDL 78-917
TRANSMISSION CF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS
EMBARGOED UNTIL 9:00 A.M. (EST) FRIDAY,
NOVEMBER 3, 1978
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:
OCTOBER 1978
Employment rose in October and unemployment edged down slightly, the Bureau of Labor
Statistics of the U. S. Department of Labor reported today.
The Nation's overall unemployment
rate was 5.8 percent, compared with 6.0 percent in Septanber and 5.9 percent in August.
Total employment— as measured by the monthly survey of households— advanced by 325,000 to
95.2 million.
Over the past year, total employment has grown by 3.6 million.
Nonfarm payroll employment— as measured by the monthly survey of establishments— rose by
430,000 in October to 86.6 million.
Nonfarm jobs have expanded by 3.4 million since October 1977.
Unemployment
The rate of unemployment was 5.8 percent in October, and the number of unemployed persons
was 5.9 million.
These levels are close to the ones that have prevailed throughout most of 1978.
The unemployment rates for adult men (4.0 percent) and teenagers (16.3 percent) were about
unchanged from September.
from September.
However, the jobless rate far adult women, at 5.6 percent, was down
Little change occurred in most other worker categories. Joblessness did
decline among full-time workers whose rate moved from 5.5 to 5.3 percent in October.
(See table
A-2.)
A decrease in the number of unemployed who had reentered the labor force following a period
of absence more than offset an increase in the number of job losers.
In terms of duration of
joblessness, about half of the unemployed had been looking for work for 6 weeks or less, as has
been the case for the past 4 months; in October 1977, the median duration of unemployment had
been about 7 weeks.
(See tables A-5 and A-4.)
Total Employment and the Labor Force
The number of employed persons increased by 325,000 in October to 95.2 million, with adult
men accounting for about half of the increase.
The proportion of the population that is employed
was 58.8 percent, just shy of June's all-time high and substantially above the year-ago level.
(See table A-l.)
-
2 -
The civilian labor force was 101-1 million in October, up 2.9 million from a year earlier
(after adjustment; see box on table A-l). Adult women accounted for about 60 percent of the
12-month labor force increase.
The overall civilian labor force participation rate was 63.3
percent in October, unchanged from September and about, a full percentage point above October 1977.
Industry Payroll Employment
Following little growth between June and September, nonagricultural payroll employment rose
sharply
gains.
by 430,000
in October to 86.6 million, as nearly all of the major industry groups posted
Employment increased in 68 percent of the 172 industries that comprise the ELS diffusion
index of private nonagricultural payroll employment.
About 40,000 of the October increase
resulted from a return of striking workers to their jobs.
million over the past year.
Nonfarm jobs have increased by 3.4
(See tables B-l and B-6.)
Table A . Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
Monthly data
Quarterly averages
III
IV
I
II
Aug.
III
S e p t.
O c t.
Thousands of persons
H O USEH O LD D A T A
Civilian labor force ........................
Total employment ...................
Unemployment ........................
Not in labor force ........................
Discouraged workers ..............
1978
1978
1977
Selected categories .
9 0 ,8 2 3
9 8 ,6 2 2
9 2 ,0 6 9
9 9 ,2 0 5
9 3 ,0 5 0
1 0 0 ,2 0 6
9 4 ,2 4 4
6 ,7 3 6
5 9 ,2 0 5
1 ,0 6 7
6 ,5 5 4
5 8 ,7 7 7
969
6 ,1 5 5
5 8 ,7 9 9
903
5 ,9 6 2
5 8 ,3 9 9
842
9 7 ,5 5 9
1 0 0 ,6 7 9 LOO,549
9 4 ,6 2 5 9 4 ;5 8 1
5 ,9 6 8
6 ,0 5 4
5 8 ,5 5 6 5 8 ,6 7 7
N .A .
891
1 0 0 ,8 7 0
9 4 ,8 6 8
6 ,0 0 2
5 8 ,5 7 7
N .A .
1 0 1 ,0 6 2 .
9 5 ,1 9 2
5 ,8 7 0
5 8 ,6 4 5
N .A .
Percent of labor force
Unemployment rates:
All workers ...............................
Adult men .................................
Adult women ..........................
Teenagers .................................
White ..........................................
Black and other ........................
Full-time workers
................... j
6 .9
5 .0
7 .0
1 7 .6
6 .1
1 3 .6
6 .5
6 .6
4 .8
6 .8
1 6 .7
5 .8
1 3 .3
6 .2
6 .2
4 .6
5 .9
1 6 .9
5 .4
1 2 .3
5 .7
5 .9
4 .1
6 .0
4 .1
5 .9
4 .1
6 .1
1 5 .9
5 .1
1 2 .0
5 .4
6 .2
1 6 .2
5 .2
1 1 .8
5 .6
6 .1
1 5 .6
-5.2
1 1 .7
5 .5
6 .0
4 .0
6 .0
1 6 .6
5 .3
1 1 .2
5 .5
5 .8
4 .0
5 .6
1 6 .3
5 .1
1 1 .4
5 .3
Thousands of jobs
E S T A B L IS H M E N T D A T A
Non farm payroll employment . . .
Goods-producing industries. . .
Service-producing industries . .
8 2 ,6 7 7
2 4 ,4 1 7
8 3 ,4 8 9
2 4 ,5 8 3
5 8 ,2 6 0
58,90t> i 5 9 ,4 9 5
8 4 ,2 6 2
'” .,7 6 6
8 5 ,6 7 7
2 5 ,3 7 6
i.0 ,3 0 2
8 6 , 116p 8 6 ,1 4 9
25,473p 2 5 ,4 6 3
60,643p 6 0 ,6 8 6
8 6 , 167p
8 6 , 597p
2 5 ,4 5 5 p
6 0 ,7 1 2 ; j
2 5 ,6 6 0 p
uO,
/p
Hours of work
Average weekly hours:
Total private non farm ..............
Manufacturing ..........................
Manufacturing o v e rtim e ..........
p - p r « li m in er y.
3 5 .9
4 0 .3
3 .4
3 6 .0
4 0 .5
3 .6
3 5 .7
4 0 .2
3 .6
3 6 .0
4 0 .6
3 .6
3 5 .8p
4 0 .4p
3.5p
N.A.-not available.
3 5 .8
4 0 .3
3 .4
3 5 . 8p
4 0 .4 p
3.6p
3 5 . 8p
4 0 . 5p
3 .6 p
-
3 -
Over-the-month employment gains were widespread in goods-producing as well as in serviceproducing industries.
The largest increase among the major industry groups was in manufacturing
(140.000) , with virtually all of the gain occurring among durable goods industries.
Within
durable goods, most of the strength was in the major metals and metal-using industries, particu
larly transportation equipment and machinery.
the early part of this year.
Total factory ’employment had beei: iw^ady since
Similarly, an over-the-month employment increase in the construction
industry (60,000) followed several months of relatively small movements*
In the service-producing sector, large employment gains occurred in trade (100,000), services
(55.000)
, and transportation and public utilities (50,000).
There was also continued growth in
finance, insurance, and read, estate, while State and local government employment remained weak.
Hours
The average workweek for production or ncnsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls vas 35.8 hours in October, unchanged from both August and September.
The manufacturing
workweek edged ip 0.1 hour to 40.5 hours, while factory overtime, at 3.6 hours, was unchanged from
the September level.
(See table B-2.)
Because of the substantial over-the-month employment growth, the index of aggregate hours of
production or ncnsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls rose to 121.4 (1967=100)
in October, 0.5 percent above the September level.
The index, which had shown little growth
between June and September, was 3.8 percent higher than the year-earlier level.
(See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings
Average hourly earnings of production or ncnsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls increased 0.9 percent in October and 8.6 percent from a year ago (seasonally adjusted).
Average weekly earnings also increased 0.9 percent over the month; weekly earnings have risen by
7.7 percent since October 1977 (seasonally adjusted).
Before adjustment for seasonality, average hourly earnings rose 5 cents to $5.86, 47 cents
above the level of last October; average weekly earnings were $210.37, $1.79 above their
September level and $15.79 higher than a year earlier.
(See table B-3.)
-
4 -
The Hourly Earnings Index
The Hourly Earnings Index— earnings adjusted far overtime in manufacturing, seasonality, and
the effects of changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage and lew-wage industries— was
217.7 (1967=100) in October, 0.8 percent higher than in September.
above October a year ago.
The index was 8.1 percent
During the 12-month period ended in September, the Hourly Earnings
Index in dollars of constant purchasing power rose 0.1 percent.
(See table B-4.)
The data in
table B-4 have been revised to conform to the industry definitions of the 1972 Standard Industrial
Classification (SIC) Manual and to reflect employment benchmark levels (comprehensive counts of
payroll employment) far March 1977.
based on experience through May 1978.
In addition, all seasonally adjusted data have been revised,
Historical series of revised seasonally adjusted data, to
gether with the new seasonal factors far use in current adjustment, are available from the ELS
upon request.
Explanatory Note
This release presents and analyzes statistics from
two major surveys. Data on labor force, total employ
ment, and unemployment (A tables) are derived from
the Current Population Survey—a sample survey of
households which is conducted by the Bureau of the
Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Beginning in
September 1975, the sample was enlarged by 9,000
households in order to provide greater reliability for
smaller States and thus permit the publication of annual
statistics for all $0 States and the District of Columbia.
These supplementary households were added to the
47,000 national household sample in January 1978; thus
the sample now consists of about 56,000 households
selected to represent the U.S. civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years and over.
Statistics on nonagricultural payroll employment,
hours, and earnings (B tables) are collected by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation with State
agencies, from payroll records of a sample of approxi
mately 165,000 establishments. Unless otherwise indi
cated, data for both statistical series relate to the week
containing the 12th day of the specified month.
Comparability of household and payroll
employment statistics
Employment data from the household and payroll
surveys differ in several basic respects. The household
survey provides information on the labor force activity
of the entire civilian noninstitutional population, 16
years of age and over, without duplication. Each person
is classified as either employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force. The household survey counts employed
persons in both agriculture and nonagricultural
industries and, in addition to wage and salary workers
(including private household workers), counts the selfemployed, unpaid family workers, and persons "with a
job but not at work" and not paid for the period absent.
The payroll survey relates only to paid wage and
salary employees (regardless of age) on the payrolls of
nonagricultural establishments. Persons who worked at
more than one job during the survey week or otherwise
appear on more than one payroll are'counted more than
once in the establishment survey. Such persons are
counted only once in the household survey and are
classified in the job at which they worked the greatest
number of hours.
Unemployment
To be classified in the household survey as
unemployed an individual must: (1) Have been without a
job during the survey week; (2) have made specific
efforts to find employment sometime during the prior 4
weeks; and (3) be presently available for work. In
addition, persons on layoff and those waiting to begin a
new job (within 30 days), neither of whom must meet
the jobseeking requirements, are also classified as
unemployed. The unemployed total includes all persons
who satisfactorily meet the above criteria, regardless
of their eligibility for unemployment insurance benefits
or any kind of public assistance. The unemployment rate
represents the unemployed as a proportion of the
civilian labor force (the employed and unemployed
combined).
The Bureau regularly publishes a wide variety of
labor market measures. See, for example, the demo
graphic, occupational, and industry detail in tables A-2
and A-3 of this release and the comprehensive
data package in Employment and Earnings each month.
A special grouping of seven unemployment measures is
set forth in table A-7. Identified by the symbols U-l
through U-7, these measures represent a range of
possible definitions of unemployment and of the labor
force—from the most restrictive (U-l) to the most
comprehensive (U-7). The official rate, of unemployment
appears as U-5.
Seasonal adjustment
Nearly all economic phenomena are affected to
some degree by seasonal variations. These are
recurring, predictable events which are repeated more
or less regularly each year—changes in weather, opening
and closing of schools, major holidays, industry produc
tion schedules, etc. The cumulative effects of these
events are often large. For example, on average over
the year, they explain about 95 percent of the monthto-month variance in the unemployment figures. Since
seasonal variations tend to be large relative to the
underlying cyclical trends, it is necessary to use
seasonally-adjusted data to interpret short-term
economic developments. At the beginning of each year,
seasonal adjustment factors for unemployment and
other labor force series are calculated for use during
the entire year, taking into account the prior year's
experience, and revised seasonally-adjusted data are
introduced in the release containing January data.
All seasonally-adjusted civilian labor force and
unemployment rate statistics, as well as the major
employment and unemployment estimates, are com
puted by aggregating independently adjusted series.
The official unemployment rate for all civilian workers
is derived by dividing the estimate for total unem
ployment (the sum of four seasonally-adjusted age-sex
components) by the civilian labor force (the sum of 12
seasonally-adjusted age-sex components).
For establishment data, the seasonally-adjusted
series for all employees, production workers, average
weekly hours, and average hourly earnings are adjusted
by aggregating the seasonally-adjusted data from the
respective component series. These data are also
revised annually, often in conjunction with benchmark
(comprehensive counts of employment) adjustments.
(The most recent revision of seasonally-adjusted data
was based on data through May 1978.)
Sampling variability
Both the household and establishment survey
statistics are subject to sampling error, which should be
taken into account in. evaluating the levels of a series as
well as changes over time. Because the household
survey is based*upon a probability sample, the results
may differ from the figures that would be obtained if it
were possible to take a complete census using the same
questionnaires and procedures. The standard errer is the
measure of sampling variability, that is, of the variation
that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed. The chances are about 68
out of 100 that an estimate from the survey differs
from a figure that would be obtained through a
complete census by less than the standard error. Tables
A through H in the "Explanatory Notes" of Employment
and Earnings provide approximations of the standard
errors for unemployment and other labor force
categories. To obtain a 90-percent level of confidence,
the confidence interval generally used by BLS, the
errors should be multiplied by 1.6. The following
examples provide an indication of the magnitude of
sampling error: For a monthly change in total em
ployment, the standard error is on the order of plus or
minus 182,000. Similarly, the standard error on a changein total unemployment is approximately 115,000. The
standard error on a change in the national unemploy
ment rate is 0.12 percentage point.
Although the relatively large size of the monthly
establishment suhrey assures a high degree of accuracy,
the estimates derived from it also may differ from the
figures obtained if a complete census using the same
schedules and procedures were possible. However, since
the estimating procedures utilize the previous month's
level as the base in computing the current month's level
of employment (link-relative technique), sampling and
response errors may accumulate over several months.
IP remove this Accumulated error, the employment
estimates
are
adjusted
to
new benchmarks
(comprehensive counts of employment), usually on an
annual basis. In addition to taking account of sampling
and response errors, tne benchmark revision adjusts the
estimates for changes in the industrial classification of
individual establishments. Employment estimates are
currently projected from March 1977 levels.
One measure of the reliability of the employment
estimates for individual industries is the root-meansquare error (RMSE). The RMSE is the standard devia
tion adjusted for the bias in estimates. If the bias is
small, the chances are about 68 out of 100 that an
estimate from the sample would differ from its bench
mark by less than the RMSE. For total nonagricultural
employment, the RMSE is on the order of plus or minus
81,000. Measures of reliability (approximations of the
RMSE) for establishment-survey data and actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are
provided in tables J through O in the "Explanatory
Notes" of Employment and Earnings.
I ------------------------- ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
j
H O U SEH O LD D A TA
NOTE: Household survey deta for periods prior to January 1978 shown in tables A-1 through A-7 are not
strictly comparable with current data because of the introduction of an expansion in the sample and re
visions in the estimation procedures. As a result, the overall civilian labor force and employment totals in
January were raised by roughly a quarter of a million; unemployment levels and rates were essentially un
changed An explanation of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences appear in “ Revisions
..i tne Curieni Population Surrey in Januaiy 1978." Employment and Earnings. February 1978 Vol 25 No. '2
H O USEH OLD D A TA
Table A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status
O c t.
1977
S e p t.
1978
O c t.
1978
O c t.
1977
June
1978
J u ly
1978
A ug.
1978
S e p t.
1978
O c t.
1978
TOTAL
Total noninstitutional population1 ........................................
Armed Forces1 .................................................................
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ................................
Civilian labor force ......................................................
Participation r a te ............................................
E m ployed................................................................
Employment-population ratio3........................
Agriculture..........................................................
Nonagricultural industries ..................................
Unem ployed............................................................
Unemployment rate........................................
Not in labor force ........................................................
1 6 1 ,5 7 0
2 ,1 2 3
1 5 9 ,4 4 7
1 0 0 ,8 3 8
6 3 .2
9 5 ,0 4 1
5 8 .8
3 ,5 4 9
9 1 ,4 9 2
5 ,7 9 7
5 .7
5 8 ,6 0 9
1 6 1 ,8 2 9
2 ,1 2 2
1 5 9 ,7 0 7
101 ,5 5 5
6 3 .6
9 6 ,0 9 5
5 9 .4
3 ,5 5 3
9 2 ,5 4 1
5 ,4 6 0
5 .4
5 8 ,1 5 2
159 ,3 3 4
2 ,1 3 4
1 5 7 ,2 b l
9 8 ,0 7 1
6 2 .4
9 1 ,3 8 3
5 7 .4
3 ,2 4 3
8 8 ,1 4 0
6 ,6 8 8
6 .8
5 9 ,1 3 0
1 6 0 ,9 2 8
2 ,0 9 8
1 5 8 ,8 3 0
1 0 0 ,5 7 3
6 3 .3
9 4 ,8 1 9
5 8 .9
3 ,4 7 3
9 1 ,3 4 6
5 ,7 5 4
5 .7
5 8 ,2 5 7
1 6 1 ,1 4 8
2 ,1 1 6
15 9 ,0 3 2
1 0 0 ,6 1 8
6 3 .3
9 4 ,4 2 5
6 7 ,8 5 2
6 6 ,1 6 1
5 2 ,9 1 0
8 0 .0
5 0 ,6 1 0
7 4 .6
2 ,4 2 7
4 8 ,1 8 2
2 ,3 0 0
4 .3
13,251
6 8 ,9 3 7
6 7 ,2 3 6
5 3 ,5 8 4
7 9 .7
6 9 ,0 8 1
6 7 ,8 5 2
66,1 6 1
5 2 ,7 3 9
7 9 .7
5 0 ,1 1 8
7 3 .9
2 ,3 2 6
4 7 ,7 9 2
2 ,6 2 1
5 .0
1 3 .4 2 2
6 8 ,6 2 3
6 6 ,9 4 7
5 3 ,5 2 2
5 1 ,7 0 9
7 5 .0
2 ,5 1 2
4 9 ,1 9 7
1 ,8 7 5
3 .5
1 3 ,6 5 2
6 7 ,3 8 2
5 3 ,7 8 8
7 9 .8
5 1 ,8 8 9
7 5.1
2 ,4 6 2
4 9 ,4 2 8
1 ,8 9 9
3 .5
1 3 ,5 9 3
7 4 ,6 6 0
74,561
3 6 ,5 4 9
4 9 .0
3 4 ,1 0 9
4 5 .7
617
3 3 ,4 9 3
2 ,4 4 0
6 .7
3 8 ,0 1 2
7 5 ,8 7 3
7 5 ,7 6 4
3 8 ,1 3 8
5 0 .3
3 5 ,7 2 8
4 7 .1
632
3 5 ,0 9 6
2 ,4 1 0
6 .3
3 7 ,6 2 6
7 5 ,9 9 8
7 5 ,8 8 9
3 8 ,5 0 3
5 0 .7
3 6 ,3 7 2
4 7 .9
690
3 5 ,6 8 2
2 ,1 3 1
5 .5
3 7 ,3 8 7
16,8 2 2
1 6 ,4 8 0
8 ,9 9 2
5 4 .6
7 ,511
4 4 .6
364
7 ,1 4 7
1,4 8 0
1 6 .5
7 ,4 8 8
1 6 ,7 6 0
1 6 ,4 4 6
9 ,1 1 5
5 5 .4
7 ,6 0 4
4 5 -4
405
7 ,1 9 9
1 ,5 1 2
. 1 6 .6
7,3 3 1
1 6 ,7 5 0
1 6 ,4 3 6
9 ,2 6 4
5 6 .4
7 ,8 3 4
4 6 .8
402
7 ,4 3 2
1,431
1 5 .4
7 ,1 7 2
13 9 ,9 6 2
1 3 8 ,2 1 8
8 7 ,0 8 1
6 3 .0
8 2 ,3 0 7
5 8 .8
4 ,7 7 4
5 .5
5 1 ,1 3 7
1 4 1 ,6 9 3
1 3 9 ,9 9 0
8 8 ,8 0 3
6 3 .4
8 4 ,3 2 5
5 9 .5
4 ,4 7 8
5 .0
5 1 ,1 8 7
1 4 1 ,8 7 3
1 4 0 ,1 7 0
8 9 ,4 7 5
6 3 .8
8 5 ,2 9 7
6 0 .1
4 ,1 7 8
4 .7
5 0 ,6 9 6
1 9 ,3 7 2
1 9 ,8 7 6
1 9 ,4 5 7
1 9 ,9 5 5
1 9 ,5 3 6
1 2 ,0 3 5
1 5 9,334
2 ,1 3 4
157,201
98,4 5 1
6 2 .6
9 2 ,2 3 0
5 7 .9
3 ,4 0 8
8 8 ,8 2 2
6 ,2 2 1
6 .3
5 8 ,7 5 0
5 8 .6
3 ,3 8 7
9 1 ,0 3 8
6 ,1 9 3
6 .2
5 8 ,4 1 4
1 6 1 ,3 4 8
2 ,1 2 2
1 5 9 ,2 2 6
1 0 0 ,5 4 9
63 .1
9 4 ,5 8 1
5 8 .6
3 ,3 6 0
9 1 ,2 2 1
5 ,9 6 8
5 .9
5 8 ,6 7 7
1 6 1 ,5 7 0
2 ,1 2 3
1 5 9 ,4 4 7
1 0 0 ,8 7 0
6 3 .3
9 4 ,8 6 8
5 8 .7
3 ,4 1 1
9 1 ,4 5 7
6 ,0 0 2
6 .0
5 8 ,5 7 7
1 6 1 ,8 2 9
2 ,1 2 2
1 5 9 ,7 0 7
101 ,0 6 2
6 3 .3
9 5 ,1 9 2
5 8 .8
3 ,3 8 0
9 1 ,8 1 2
5 ,8 7 0
5 .8
5 8 ,6 4 5
7 9 .9
5 1 ,4 3 3
7 5 .0
2 ,4 3 7
4 8 ,9 9 6
2 ,0 8 9
3 .9
1 3 ,4 2 5
6 8 ,7 2 9
6 7 ,0 3 9
5 3 ,3 9 1
7 9 .6
5 1 ,2 1 3
7 4 .5
2 ,4 2 0
4 8 ,7 9 3
2 ,1 7 8
4 .1
1 3 ,6 4 8
6 8 ,8 2 7
6 7 ,1 2 7
5 3 ,3 0 6
7 9 .4
5 1 ,1 3 5
7 4 .3
2 ,3 5 8
4 8 ,7 7 7
2 ,1 7 1
4 .1
1 3 ,8 2 1
6 8 ,9 3 7
6 7 ,2 3 6
5 3 ,3 8 7
79 .4
5 1 ,2 2 9
74 .3
2 ,4 2 2
4 8 ,8 0 7
2 ,1 5 8
4 .0
1 3 ,8 4 9
\ 69,081
6 7 ,3 8 2
5 3 ,5 5 9
7 9 .5
5 1 ,3 9 6
74.4
2 ,3 6 0
4 9 ,0 3 6
2 ,1 6 3
4 .0
1 3 ,8 2 3
7 4 ,6 6 0
74,5 6 1
3 5 ,9 8 4
4 8 .3
3 3 .5 3 7
4 4 .9
525
3 3 ,0 1 2
2 ,4 4 7
6 .8
3 8 ,5 7 7
7 5 ,5 2 7
7 5 ,4 2 2
3 7 ,4 3 9
4 9 .6
3 5 ,1 3 7
4 6 .5
623
3 4 ,5 1 4
2 ,3 0 2
6 .1
3 7 ,9 8 3
7 5 ,6 4 3
7 5 ,5 3 7
3 7 ,5 4 2
4 9 .7
3 5 ,1 1 0
4 6 .4
587
3 4 ,5 2 3
2 ,4 3 2
6 .5
3 7 ,9 9 5
7 5 ,7 5 3
7 5 ,6 4 5
3 7 ,4 6 1
4 9 .5
3 5 ,1 9 2
4 6 .5
579
3 4 ,6 1 3
2 ,2 6 9
6 .1
3 8 ,1 8 4
7 5 ,8 7 3
7 5 ,7 6 4
3 7 ,9 5 3
50 .1
3 5 ,6 8 8
4 7 .0
592
3 5 ,0 9 6
2 ,2 6 5
6 .0
3 7 ,8 1 1
7 5 ,9 9 8
7 5 ,8 8 9
3 7 ,8 8 0
4 9 .9
3 5 ,7 4 3
4 7 .0
588
3 5 ,1 5 r
2 ,1 3 7
5 .6
3 8 ,0 0 9
1 6 ,8 2 2
1 6 ,4 8 0
9 ,3 4 8
5 6 .7
7 ,7 2 8
4 5 .9
392
7 ,3 3 6
1 ,6 2 0
1 7 .3
7 13?
1 6 ,7 7 9
1 6 ,461
9-, 612
5 8 .4
8 ,2 4 9
4 9 .2
413
7 ,8 3 6
1 ,3 6 3
1 4.2
6 ,8 4 9
1 6 ,7 7 6
1 6 ,4 5 5
9 ,6 8 5
1 8 ,9
.8 ,1 0 2
4 8 .3
380
7 ,7 2 2
1 ,5 8 3
1 6 .3
6 ,7 7 0
1 6 ,7 6 8
1 6 ,4 5 5
9 ,7 8 2
5 9 .4
d ,2 5 4
4 9 .2
423
7 ,8 3 1
1 ,5 2 8
1 5 .6
6 ,6 7 3
1 6 ,7 6 0
1 6 ,4 4 6
Z , * JO
5 7 .9
7 ,9 5 1
4 7 .4
397
7 ,5 5 4
1 ,5 7 9
1 6 .6
6 ,9 1 6
1 6 ,7 5 0
1 6 ,4 3 6
9 ,6 2 3
5 8 .5
8 ,0 5 3
48 .1
432
7 ,6 2 1
1 ,5 7 0
16 .3
6 ,8 1 3
1 4 1 ,1 9 4
1 3 9 ,5 0 3
8 8 ,6 2 3
6 3 .5
8 4 ,2 7 0
5 9 .7
4 ,3 5 3
•
4 .9
5 0 ,8 8 0
1 4 1 ,3 6 6
1 3 9 ,6 6 0
8 8 ,5 2 1
6 3 .4
8 3 ,8 6 2
5 9 .3
4 ,6 5 9
5 .3
5 1 ,1 3 9
1 4 1 ,5 2 0
1 3 9 ,8 1 7
8 8 ,6 7 2
6 3 .4
8 4 ,0 4 2
5 9 .4
4 ,6 3 0
5 .2
5 1 ,1 4 5
14 1 ,6 9 3
1 3 9 ,9 9 0
8 8 ,8 1 3
6 3 .4
8 4 ,1 4 1
5 9 .4
4 ,6 7 2
5 .3
5 1 ,1 7 7
1 4 1 ,8 7 3
1 4 0 ,1 7 0
8 9 ,1 1 9
6 3 .6
8 4 ,5 6 8
5 9 .6
4 ,5 5 1
5 .1
51,0 5 1
1 9 ,8 7 6
1 9 ,4 5 7
19,9 5 5
19,5 3 6
1 2 ,0 5 8
6 2 .0
1 0 ,7 0 8
5 3 .9
1 ,3 5 0
1 1.2
1 2 ,0 7 8
6 1 .8
1 0 ,7 0 5
5 3 .6
1 ,3 7 3
11 .4
7 ,3 9 9
7 ,4 5 8
Men, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1 ........................................
Gvilian noninstitutional population1 ................................
Gvilian labor force ......................................................
Participation ra te ............................................
E m ployed................................................................
Employment-population ratio3........................
Agriculture..........................................................
Nonagricultural industries ..................................
Unem ployed............................................................
Unemployment rate ......................................
Not in labor force ........................................................
Women. 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1 ........................................
Gvilian noninstitutional population1 ................................
Gvilian labor force ......................................................
Participation r a te ............................................
E m ployed................................................................
Employment-population ratio3 ......................
Agriculture..........................................................
Nonagricultural industries....................................
Unem ployed............................................................
Unemployment rate ......................................
Not in labor f o r c e ...... ..............................................
Both sexes, 16-19 years
Total noninstitutioi:*l population1 ........................................
Gvilian noninstitutional population1 ................................
Gvilian labor fo rce........................................................
Participation ra te ............................................
E m ployed................................................................
Employment-population ratio3 ......................
Agriculture..........................................................
Unem ployed............................................................
•
Unemployment rate ......................................
Not in labor force ................................ ....................
WHITE
Total noninstitutional population1 ........................................
Gvilian noninstitutional population1 ................................
Civilian labor force ......................................................
Participation r a te ............................................
Em ployed................................................................
Employment-population ratio3........................
Unemployed............................................................
Unemployment ra te........................................
Not in labor fo rc e ........................................................
13 9 ,9 6 2
13 8 ,2 1 8
8 6 ,8 1 2
6 2 .8
8 1 ,6 1 4
5 8 .3
5 ,1 9 8
6 .0 ‘
5 1 ,4 0 6
BLACK AND OTHER
Total noninstitutional population1 ........................................
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ................................
Civilian labor force ......................................................
Participation r a te ............................................
Em ployed................................................................
Employment-population ratio3........................
Unem ployed............................................................
Unemployment ra te ........................................
Not in labor force ........................................................
1 8 ,9 8 3
1 1 ,3 7 0
5 9 .9
9 ,9 2 3
6 1 .9
1 0 ,7 1 6
5 1 .2
1 ,4 4 7
1 2 .7
5 3 .9
1 ,3 1 8
1 1 .0
1 2 ,0 8 0
6 1 .8
1 0 ,7 9 8
5 4 .1
1 ,2 8 3
1 0 .6
7 ,6 1 3
7 ,4 2 2
7 ,4 5 6
1 The population and Armed Forces figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations;
therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
1 9 ,372
1 9 ,7 3 4
1 9 ,7 8 2
1 9 ,8 2 8
1 8 ,9 8 3
1 1 ,3 9 8
6 0 .0
9 ,8 4 2
1 9 ,3 2 7
1 1 ,9 8 0
6 2 .0
1 0 ,5 5 3
5 3 .5
1 ,4 2 7
1 1 .9
7 ,3 4 7
1 9 ,3 7 1
1 1 ,9 9 7
1 9 ,4 0 9
1 1 ,9 7 5
6 1 .7
1 0 ,5 7 8
5 0 .8
1 ,5 5 6
1 3 .7
7 ,5 8 5
6 1 .9
1 0 ,4 9 6
5 3 .1
1 ,5 0 1
U .5
7 ,3 7 4
5 3 .3
1 ,3 9 7
1 1 .7
7 ,4 3 4
3 Civilian employment as a percent o f the total noninstitutional population (including
Armed Forces).
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A -2 . M ajor unem ploym ent indicators, seasonally adjusted
Number of
Unemployment rates
Selected categories
On thousands)
O c t*
1977
O ct.
1978
O c t.
1977
Total, 16 years and o v e r ................
Men, 20 years and over ............
Women, 20 years and o v e r ____
Both sexes, 16-19 y e a r s ............
6 ,6 8 8
2 ,6 2 1
2 ,4 4 7
1 ,6 2 0
5 ,8 7 0
2 ,1 6 3
2 ,1 3 7
1 ,5 7 0
6 .8
5 .0
6 .8
1 7 .3
White, total ................................
Men, 20 years and over ____
Women, 20 years and over .
Both sexes, 16-19 years ___
5 ,1 9 8
2 ,0 5 8
1 ,8 9 4
1 ,2 4 6
4 ,5 5 1
1 ,7 2 5
1 ,6 0 9
1 ,2 1 7
Black and other, total ...............
Men, 20 years and o v e r .........
Women, 20 years and over ..
Both sexes, 16-19 years ___
1 ,5 5 6
624
555
377
June
1978
J u ly
1978
A u g,
1978
S e p t.
1978
O ct.
1978
5 .7
3 .9
6 .1
1 4 .2
6 .2
4 .1
6 .5
1 6 .3
5 .9
4 .1
6 .1
1 5 .6
6 .0
4 .0
6 .0
1 6 .6
5 ,8
4 .0
5 .6
1 6 .3
6 .0
4 .4
6 .1
1 4 .9
4 .9
3 .4
5 .3
1 1 .6
5 .3
3 .6
5 .6
1 3 .4
5 .2
3 .6
5 .3
1 3 .6
5 .3
3 ,7
5 .3
1 4 .3
5 .1
3 .6
4 .9
14.1
1 ,3 7 3
488
530
355
1 3 .7
1 1 .3
1 1 .4
3 8 .0
1 1 .9
7 .8
1 1 .3
3 7 .1
1 2 .5
8 .4
1 1 .6
3 7 .0
1 1 .7
9 .0
1 0 .4
3 2 .4
1 1 .2
8 .3
9 .9
3 4 .6
1 1 .4
8 ,4
1 0 .1
1 ,4 4 8
1 ,4 2 3
424
1 ,0 6 3
1 ,2 4 6
368
3 .6
6 .3
9 .3
2 .7
5 .6
8 .8
2 .7
5 ,6
1 0 .1
2 .8
5 ,8
8 .?
2 .7
5 .6
7 .9
2 .7
5 .3
5 ,3 8 7
1 ,4 1 2
1 ,8 4 8
4 ,5 8 2
1,371
1 ,3 7 0
6 .4
9 .6
1 .9
7 .4
5 *2 .
8 .8
1 .2
6 .4
5 ,7
8 .8
1 .3
6 .8
5 .5
8 .6
1 .2
6 .6
5 .5
8 .8
1 .3
6 .5
5 .3
9 .1
1 .4
6 .3
1 ,9 8 9
434
265
300
990
2 ,6 4 0
674
1 ,1 2 5
225
616
1 ,0 9 3
126
1 ,6 3 2
425
178
261
768
2 ,3 6 3
655
931
183
594
987
139
4 .1
3 .0
2 .6
5 .0
5 .7
8 .0
5 .4
9 .8
6 .1
1 1 .8
8 .1
4 .4
3 .5
2 .6
1 .8
3 .0
3 -8
2 .5
2 ,2
4 .4
5 .4
6 .9
4 .0
8 .5
6 .1
1 0 .6
7 .5
3 .8
3 .5
2 .7
2 .2
4 .4
4 .7
7 .0
4 .7
8 .5
5 .2
1 0 .7
7 .4
4 .0
3 .3
2 .9
1 .8
4 .2
4 .2
6 .9
5 .0
7 .7
4 .9
1 1 .3
7 .1
4 .7
4 ,9 1 2
543
1 ,4 7 6
776
700
247
1 ,4 3 2
1 ,1 8 9
660
160
4 ,2 4 9
563
1 ,1 8 6
635
551
190
1 ,2 5 6
1 ,0 18
635
154
6 .9
1 2.1
6 .8
6 .1
7 .8
4 .8
7 .9
5 .7
4 .1
1 0 .3
5 .6
9 .3
5 ,6
4 .8
6 .7
3 .7
6 .3
4 .7
4 .0
8 .0
6 .0
9 .5
5., 6
5 .1
6 .4
4 .1
6 .8
5 .4
4 .1
1 0 .1
5 -9
3 .8
6 .6
5 .2
3 .6
8 ,3
5 .9
1 0 .7
5 .5
5 .0
6 .3
3 .6
6 .8
5 .1
3 ,8
8 .6
5 .7
1 1 .5
5 .3
4 .8
6 .0
3 .6
6 .8
4 .6
4 .0
9 .8
466
141
185
140
309
58
145
106
7 .1
1 5 .3
6 .6
5 .0
4 .3
9 .4
5 .3
2 .6
5 .1
1 1 .4
6 ,4
2 .9
6 .3
1 3 .9
7 .3
4 ,1
4 .9
10 .5
7 .3
2 .4
5 .1
9 .8
6 .9
3 .1
1 ,1 6 9
647
327
Ir95
991
591
265
135
7 .3
9 .3
6 .4
4 .9
5 .5
7 .9
5 .9
8 .4
4 .4
3 .3
* 5 .8
8 .1
4 .8
2 .7
5 .8
8 .2
4 .2
5 .9
8 .1
4 .5
3 .6
C H A R A C TE R IS TIC S
Married men, spouse present . .
Married women, spouse present
Women who head families ____
Full-time workers......... ...........
Part-time workers ......................
Unemployed 15 weeks and over1
Labor force time lost1
2 ................
,
3 4 .3
7 .6
O C C U P A TIO N 3
White-collar workers ......... .........................
Professional and technical .........................
Managers and administrators, except farm
Sales workers .............................................
Clerical workers ........................................
Blue-collar workers ........................................
Craft and kindred workers .......................
Operatives, except transport ....................
Transport equipment operatives ..............
Nonfarm laborers................. ......................
Service workers ...............................................
Farmworkers ..................................................
3 .5
2 .4
1 .8
4 .4
5 .0
6 .5
4 .2
7 .9
4 .6
9 .9
7 .2
4 .2
5 .0
7 .0
4 .4
9 -0
5 .9
9 .5
7 .1
3 .3
INDUSTRY3
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers
Construction ..........................................
Manufacturing ................................ .......
Durable goods .....................................
Nondurable goods .................................
Transportation and public utilities ............
Wholesale and retail trade .........................
Finance and service industries...................
Government workers ...................................
Agricultural wage and salary w orkers..............
5 .9
9 .1
5 .7
5 .5
VETERAN STATUS
Male Vietnam-era veterans:5
20 to 34 y e a r s ............................. ..........
20 to 24 years......................................
25 to 29 years .....................................
30 to 34 years ....................................
Male nonveterans:
20 to 34 y e a rs ..........................................
20 to 24*years.......................................
25 to 29 years . ........ .....................
30 to 34 years.......................................
1 Unemployment rate calculated as a percent of civilian labor force.
2 Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for economic reasons
as a percent of potentially available labor force hours.
3 Unemployment by occupation includes all experienced unemployed persons, whereat that
3 .8
3 .7
3 .6
by industry covers only unemployed wage and salary workers.
4 Includes mining, not shown separately.
s Vietnam-era veterans are those who served between August 5,1064, and May 7,1975.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Ta b le A - 3. Selected em ploym ent indicators
[in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Selected categories
O ct.
1977
O c t*
1978
O ct.
1977
June
1978
J u ly
1978
A u g*
1978
S ept •
1978
O c t.
1978
9 2 ,2 3 0
5 4 ,6 8 5
3 7 ,5 4 5
3 8 ,8 0 8
2 1 ,7 3 0
9 6 ,0 9 5
5 6 ,0 4 5
4 0 ,0 4 9
3 9 ,1 3 5
2 2 ,7 7 4
9 1 ,3 8 3
5 4 ,3 4 1
3 7 ,0 4 2
3 8 ,4 2 5
1 1 ,1 1 9
9 4 ,8 1 9
5 5 ,8 6 9
3 8 ,9 5 0
3 8 ,7 1 1
2 1 ,7 1 8
9 4 ,4 2 5
5 5 ,5 3 4
3 8 ,8 9 1
3 8 ,6 4 2
2 1 ,7 6 6
94 ,5 8 1
5 5 ,5 2 9
3 9 ,0 5 2
3 8 ,4 6 7
2 1 ,6 6 7
9 4 ,8 6 8
5 5 ,5 0 4
3 9 ,3 6 4
3 8 ,7 2 6
2 2 ,1 7 5
95 ,1 9 2
5 5 ,7 0 1
3 9 ,4 9 1
3 8 ,7 4 8
2 2 ,1 3 2
4 6 ,3 3 2
1 4 ,2 5 1
9 ,9 8 1
5 ,7 2 7
1 6 ,3 7 3
3 0 ,5 3 6
1 1 ,9 6 9
1 0 ,4 5 9
3 ,4 9 9
4 ,6 0 9
1 2 ,4 8 5
2 ,8 7 8
4 8 ,0 3 8
1 4 ,5 4 8
1 0 ,018
5 ,9 7 1
17,501
3 2 ,1 6 5
1 2 ,615
1 1 ,2 6 5
3 ,6 2 6
4 ,6 5 8
1 2 ,9 3 4
2 ,9 5 9
4 6 ,0 8 3
1 4 ,0 4 2
9 ,9 1 1
5 ,7 1 8
1 6 ,4 1 2
3 0 ,2 4 7
1 1 ,8 6 0
1 0 ,3 2 0
3 ,4 5 7
4 ,6 1 0
1 2 ,4 7 3
2 ,7 5 5
4 7 ,2 0 9
1 4 ,365
1 0 ,1 0 7
5 ,9 3 1
1 6 ,8 0 6
3 1 ,6 8 3
1 2 ,4 6 7
1 1 ,0 0 6
3 ,5 1 2
4 ,6 9 8
1 2 ,9 9 3
2 ,8 9 5
4 7 ,1 9 2
1 4 ,2 3 9
1 0 ,1 8 2
6 ,0 1 7
1 6 ,7 5 4
3 1 ,2 2 5
1 2 ,2 2 9
10 ,8 4 1
3 ,4 5 2
4 ,7 0 3
1 2 ,8 3 8
2 ,8 0 2
4 7 ,2 3 6
1 4 ,2 5 5
1 0 ,1 7 4
5 ,8 7 2
1 6 ,9 3 5
3 1 ,4 8 2
1 2 ,5 5 9
1 0 ,7 0 2
3 ,4 0 4
4 ,8 1 7
1 2 ,8 8 4
2 ,8 0 9
4 7 ,4 5 5
1 4 ,1 0 5
1 0 ,0 5 6
5 ,8 7 2
1 7 ,4 2 2
3 1 ,7 3 8
1 2 ,6 4 0
1 0 ,8 2 3
3 ,5 7 7
4 ,6 9 8
1 2 ,7 9 9
2 ,8 7 4
4 7 ,7 7 6
1 4 ,3 3 3
9 ,9 4 8
5 ,9 5 9
1 7 ,5 3 6
3 1 ,8 6 3
1 2 ,5 0 2
1 1 ,1 2 0
3 ,5 8 3
4 ,6 5 8
1 2 ,9 2 0
2 ,8 3 3
1 ,4 6 5
1 ,6 0 9
334
1 ,5 0 3
1 ,6 99
353
1 ,3 8 7
1 ,5 7 7
305
1 ,4 8 2
1 ,6 6 9
336
1 ,3 6 4
1 ,6 5 2
348
1 ,4 2 3
1 ,6 1 7
317
1 ,4 4 2
1 ,6 5 5
298
1 ,4 2 3
1 ,6 6 6
323
8 2 ,3 0 9
1 5 ,5 5 6
6 6 ,7 5 3
1 ,3 9 7
6 5 ,3 5 6
6 ,0 6 9
444
8 5 ,8 5 5
1 5 ,5 1 5
7 0 ,3 4 0
1 ,3 3 5
6 9 ,0 0 5
6 ,2 5 8
427
8 1 ,7 2 7
1 5 ,4 6 3
6 6 ,2 6 4
1 ,3 5 8
6 4 ,9 0 6
6 ,0 8 0
460
8 4 ,5 1 3
1 5 ,2 2 4
6 9 ,2 8 9
1 ,3 6 8
6 7 ,9 2 1
6 ,1 9 8
468
8 4 ,0 1 6
1 5 ,1 2 9
6 8 ,8 8 7
1 ,3 9 4
6 7 ,4 9 3
6 ,2 0 6
496
8 4 ,4 0 6
1 5 ,2 8 2
6 9 ,1 2 4
1 ,3 6 9
6 7 ,7 5 5
6 ,2 2 1
440
8 4 ,8 4 2
1 5 ,4 1 3
6 9 ,4 2 9
1 ,3 7 0
6 8 ,0 5 9
6 ,2 0 0
471
8 5 ,2 5 3
1 5 ,4 2 2
6 9 ,8 3 1
1 ,2 9 7
6 8 ,5 3 4
6 ,2 7 1
442
8 4 ,7 4 4
6 9 ,1 3 4 c
8 8 ,4 7 9
7 2 ,5 4 5
2 ,9 1 7
1 ,0 8 7
1 ,8 3 0
1 3 ,0 1 7
8 2 ,7 8 8
6 7 ,8 2 7
3 ,2 6 3
1 ,2 3 7
2 ,0 2 6
1 1 ,6 9 8
8 6 ,0 5 1
7 0 ,8 6 1
3 ,4 5 8
1 ,4 3 3
2 ,0 2 5
1 1 ,7 3 2
8 6 ,2 0 5
7 1 ,0 9 5
3 ,3 3 0
1 ,3 8 5
1 ,9 4 5
1 1 ,7 8 0
8 6 ,4 6 9
7 1 ,3 3 8
3 ,2 9 4
1,3 91
1 ,9 0 3
1 1 ,8 3 7
8 6 ,3 1 0
7 0 ,9 3 9
3 ,2 3 1
1 ,3 1 1
1 ,9 2 0
1 2 ,1 4 0
8 6 ,4 4 1
7 1 ,1 9 2
3 ,2 0 7
1 ,1 7 1
2 ,0 3 6
1 2 ,0 4 2
CHARACTERISTICS
Total employed, 16 years and o v e r ............................................................
Men......................................................................................................
W om en...............................................................................................
Married men, spouse present.................................................................
Married women, spouse present............................. ...........................
OCCUPATION
White-collar w orkers................... ............................................................
Professional and technical.....................................................................
Managers and administrators, execpt farm..............................................
Sales w ork ers......................................................................................
Clerical w orkers.............................................. ............ ......................
Blue-collar w orkers............................. .....................................................
Craft and kindred workers . . ................................................................
Operatives, except transport ............................................ ...................
Transport equipment operatives............................................................
Nonfarm laborers.................................................................................
Farm workers............................................................................................
MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers.......................................................................
Self-employed workers.........................................................................
Unpaid family workers........................................................................
Nonagricultural industries:
Wage and salary workers................... ...................................................
Government....................................................................................
Private industries ...........................................................................
Private households.......................................................................
Other industries...........................................................................
Self-employed workers.........................................................................
Unpaid family workers • .......................................................................
PERSONS A T W O R K 1
Nonagricultural industries.........................................................................
Full-time schedules...............................................................................
Part time for economic reasons..............................................................
Usually work full t im e .................................................... .'...............
. Usually work part time ...................................................................
Part time for noneconomic reasons................................... ....................
2 ,9 7 0
1 ,1 4 8
1 ,8 2 2
1 2 ,6 4 0
'
Ocorrected.
1 Excludes persons "with a job but not at w ork" during the survey period for such
reasons as vacation,, illness, or industrial disputes.
Table A -4 . Duration of unem ploym ent
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Weeks of unemployment
O c t.
1977
O c t.
1978
O ct.
1977
June
1978
J u ly
1978
Aug.
1978
2 ,7 3 7
1 ,9 3 6
1 ,5 4 7
729
818
2 ,6 4 4
1 ,6 6 9
1 ,1 4 7
612
535
2 ,8 0 4
2 ,1 1 7
1 ,8 4 8
920
928
2 ,7 2 7
1 ,9 1 6
1,2 31
651
580
3 ,0 2 5
1 ,8 5 4
1 ,2 9 2
6$5
627
2 ,8 2 2
1 ,9 8 8
1 ,2 1 5
631
584
2, 786
1 ,9 2 8
1 ,2 9 3
687
606
2 ,7 0 9
1 ,8 2 4
1 ,3 7 0
763
607
1 3 .3
6 .2
1 1 .4
5 .3
1 3 .8
7 .1
1 2 .0
5 .8
1 1 .8
5 .9
1 1 .2
6 .0
1 1 .6
5 .9
1 1 .8
6 .1
1 0 0 .0
4 4 .0
3 1 .1
2 4 .9
1 1 .7
1 3 .2
1 0 0 .0
4 8 .4
1 0 0 .0
4 1 .4
3 1 .3
2 7 .3
1 3 .6
1 3 .7
1 0 0 .0
4 6 .4
3 2 .6
2 1 .0
1 1.1
9 .9
1 0 0 .0
4 9 .0
3 0 .0
2 0 .9
1 0 .8
1 0 .2
1 0 0 .0
4 6 .8
3 3 .0
2 0 .2
1 0 .5
9 .7
1 0 0 .0
4 6 -4
3 2 .1
2 1 .5
1 1 .4
1 0 0 .0
4 5 .9
3 0 .9
2 3 .2
1 2 .9
1 0 .3
S e p t.
1978
O c t.
1978
DURATION
Less than 5 w eek s...........................................................................; .......
5 to 14 w e e k s ................................................................. .......................
15 weeks and over . . : ............................................................................ .'
15 to 26 w eeks....................................................................................
27 weeks and over ...............................................................................
Average (mean) duration, in w eeks........ ................................................
Median duration, in weeks.................................... ................................ .
PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Total unemployed ............................................................................ .
Less than 5 weeks................................................................................
5 to 14 weeks.....................................................................................
15 weeks and over ..............................................................................
15 to 26 weeks ..................................................... ........................
for FRASER
27 weeks and o v e r ..........................................................................
Digitized
3 0 .6
2 1 .0
1 1 .2
9 .8
,
1 0.1
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
T a b le A -5 .
Reasons fo r u n e m p lo y m e n t
[Numbers in thousands}
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Beesons
O c t*
1977
O c t.
1978
O c t.
1977
June
1978
J u ly
1978
Aug.
1978
2 ,5 2 1
604
1 ,9 1 7
952
1 ,9 4 0
807
2 ,1 0 9
460
1 ,6 4 9
868
1 ,7 4 1
743
3 ,0 3 5
840
2 ,1 9 5
876
1 ,9 0 6
857
2 ,3 4 0
606
1 ,7 3 4
849
1 ,7 6 0
810
2 ,5 5 2
714
1 ,8 3 8
869
1 ,8 8 3
880
2 ,5 5 3
770
1 ,7 8 3
841
1 ,7 3 3
893
2 ,3 9 7
719
1 ,6 7 8
852
1 ,9 2 7
805
2 ,5 3 8
640
1 ,8 9 8
799
1 ,7 1 0
793
S e p t.
1978
O c t.
1978
NUM BER O F U N EM P L O Y ED
Lost last job ...........................................................................................................
On layoff ...........................................................................................................
Other job losers ............. ........... ................................................................
Left last job ............................................ I ...........................................................
Reentered labor force ........................................................................................
Seeking first job
.................................................................................................
*
P ER C EN T D IS TR IB U TIO N
Total unemployed ................................................................................................
Job losers...........................................................................................................
On layoff ....................................................................................................
Other job losers ............................................................................................
Job leavers ......................................................................................................
Reentrants ............................................................................. ........................
New entrants .......................................................... ..........................................
1 0 0 .0
4 0 .5
9 .7
3 0 .8
1 5 .3
3 1 .2
1 3 .0
1 0 0 .0
3 8 .6
8 .4
3 0 .2
1 5 .9
3 1 .9
1 3 .6
1 0 0 .0
4 5 .5
1 2 .6
3 2 .9
13.1
2 8 .6
1 2 .8
1 0 0 .0
4 0 .6
1 0 .5
3 0 .1
1 4 .7
3 0 .6
14 .1
1 0 0 .0
4 1 .3
1 1 .5
2 9 .7
14.1
3 0 .4
1 4 .2
1 0 0 .0
4 2 .4
1 2 .8
2 9 .6
1 4 .0
2 8 .8
1 4 .8
1 0 0 .0
4 0 .1
1 2 .0
2 8 .1
14.2
3 2 .2
1 3 .5
100 .0
4 3 .5
1 1 .0
3 2 .5
13 .7
2 9 .3
1 3 .6
2 .5
1 .0
2 .0
.8
2 .1
3 .1
.9
1 .9
.9
2 .3
.8
1 .8
.8
2 .5
.9
1 .9
.9
2 .5
.8
1 .7
.9
2 .4
.8
1 .9
.8
2 .5
.8
1 .7
.8
UN EM P LO Y ED A S A P E R C E N T O F T H E
C IV IL IA N LA B O R FO R CE
Job losers ...............................................................................................................
Job leavers ...................... ......................................................................................
Reentrants .............................................................................................................
New entrants .........................................................................................................
Ta b le A -6 .
.9
1 .7
.7
U n e m p lo y m e n t by sex and a g e , seasonally adjusted
Sex mid age
Number of
unemployed persons
(In thousands)
Unemployment rates
O c t.
1977
O c t*
1978
O c t.
1977
Ju n e
1978
J u ly
1978
Aug.
1978
S e p t.
1978
O c t.
1978
Total, 16 years and over .......................................................................................
16 to 19 years ........... ......................................................................................
16 to 17 y e a rs ..............................................................................................
18 to 19 years ..............................................................................................
20to 24years . .............................................•................................................
25 years and o v e r ..............................................................................................
25 to 54 y e a r s ..............................................................................................
55 years and over ........................................................................................
6 ,6 8 8
1 ,6 2 0
736
879
1 ,5 1 5
3 ,6 4 1
3 ,0 3 7
615
5 ,8 7 0
1 ,5 7 0
776
789
1 ,3 0 4
3 ,0 6 8
2 ,6 2 1
456
6 .8
1 7 .3
1 8 .8
1 6 .2
1 0 .4
4 .9
5 .1
4 .2
5 .7
14 .2
1 6 .7
1 2 .9
9 .2
3 .9
4 .1
3 .1
6 .2
1 6 .3
20 .1
1 3 .6
9 .9
4 .2
4 .4
3 .2
5 .9
1 5 .6
1 8 .9
1 3 .3
9 .0
4 .2
4 .4
3 .0
6 .0
1 6 .6
19 .2
1 4 .3
9 .3
4 .0
4 .2
3 .3
5 .8
1 6 .3
1 9 .0
14.2
8 .7
4 .0
4 .2
3 .1
Men, 16 years and over ................................................. ................. ...............
16 to 19 y e a rs ..............................................................................................
16 to 17 years............................................................................ .............
18 to 19 years..................................................................................... ....
20 to 24 y e a rs ..............................................................................................
25 years and over .......................................................................................
25 to 54 years .......................................................................................
55 years and over ................ ...................................................................
3 ,4 6 9
848
404
3 ,0 1 3
850
441
400
697
1 ,5 4 5
1 ,2 7 6
266
6 .0
1 6 .7
1 8 .6
1 5.1
9 .9
4 .3
4 .3
4 .1
* 4 .7
1 2 .6
16.1
1 1 .3
8 .1
3 .1
3 .2
3 .0
5 .1
1 5 .4
1 8 .8
\ 1 3 .0
8 .9
3 .3
3 .3
3 .4
5 .0
1 4 .7
1 7 .7
1 2.4
8 .7
3 .4
3 .5
2 .9
5 .1
1 5 .8
19.1
1 2 .6
8 .6
3 .4
3 .4
3 .0
5 .1
1 6 .5
2 0 .2
1 3 .5
8 .6
3 .4
3 .5
2 .9
Women, 16 years and over ...............................................................................
16 to 19 y e a r s ..............................................................................................
16 to 17 years..........................................................................................
18 to 19 years.........................................................................................
20 to 24 y e a rs ...................................... ........................... ........................
25 years and over .......................................................................................
25 to 54 years .......................................................................................
55 years and over ................................................................... ...............
3 ,2 1 9
772
2 ,8 5 7
720
335
389
607
1 ,5 2 3
1 ,3 4 5
190
8 .0
1 8 .0
19.1
1 7 .4
1 1 .0
5 .8
6 .2
4 .5
7 .2
1 6 .0
1 7 .4
1 4 .8
1 0 .4
5 .2
5 .6
3 .1
7 .7
1 7 .4
21/6
1 4 .4
1 1 .0
5 .6
6 .0
2 ,9
7 .2
1 6 ,7
2 0 .3
1 4 .4
9 .2
7 .2
1 7 .4
1 9 .3
16.1
10.1
5 .0
5 .3
3 .9
6 .7
16.1
1 7.7
1 5 .0
8 .7
435
788
1 *929
1 ,5 5 6
369
332'
444
727
1 ,7 1 2
1 ,4 8 1
246
5 .3
5 .8
3 .3
4 .9
5 .3
3 .4
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A>7. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unem ploym ent and the labor force,
seasonally adjusted
{Percent!
Monthly data
Quarterly everages
1977
Measures
1978
1978
S e p t.
II
III
A u g.
l \3
1 .3
1 .2
1 .3
1 .4
2 .6
2 .5
2 .5
2 .5
2 .4
2 .5
4 .7
4 .0
4 ,0
4 .1
4 .2
4 .0
4 .0
6 .5
6 .2
5 .7
5 .4
5 ,6
5 .5
5 .5
5 .3
6 .9
6 .6
6 .2
5 .9
6 .0
5 .9
6 .0
5 .8
8 .6
8 .2
7 .6
7 .5
7 .6
7 .5
7 .5
7*3
9 .7
9 .2
8 .5
8 .3
8 .5
N .A .
N .A .
N .A .
III
IV
I
U-1— Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent o f the
civilian labor force ....................................................................
1 .9
1 .9
1 .6
U-2— Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force .............................
3 .2
3 .0
U-3— Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent o f the civilian
labor force 25 years and over........................................................
4 .9
U*4— Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent o f the full-time labor
f o r c e ................. ........................................................................
U S — Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force
(official measure)...................................................................................
U-6— Total full-time jobseekers plus % part-time jobseekers plus % total
on part time for economic reasons as a percent o f the civilian
labor force less 1
A of the part-time labor force .............................
1
O ct.
U-7 — Total full-time jobseekers plus % part-time jobseekers plus K total
on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less
% of the part-time labor force ....................................................
T
N.A.= not available.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Ta b le A -8 . E m p lo y m e n t status o f the no ninstitutio nal population fo r ten large States
(Numbers in thousands]
N ot seasonally adjusted
State and employment status
Seasonally adjusted
O c t.
1977
S e p t.
1978
O ct.
1978
O c t.
1977
June
1978
J u ly
1978
Aug.
1978
S e p t.
1978
O c t.
1978
1 6 ,0 3 4
1 0 ,225
9 ,4 7 7
748
7 .3
16 ,3 1 2
1 0 ,6 3 2
9 ,9 5 4
678
6 .4
16,344
10,639
10,007
633
5 .9
1 6 ,034
10,227
9 ,4 2 0
807
7 .9
1 6 ,232
1 0 ,5 4 4
9 ,7 8 3
761
7 .2
1 6 ,2 5 9
10,561
9 ,7 4 2
819
7 .8
1 6 ,2 8 3
1 0 ,5 8 6
9 ,8 0 7
779
7 .4
1 6 ,3 1 2
1 0 ,6 6 7
9 ,9 4 8
719
6 .7
1 6 ,344
1 0 ,6 4 2
9 ,9 5 0
692
6 .5
6 ,4 1 6
3 ,6 3 2
3 ,3 5 1
281
7 .7
6 ,6 0 5
3 ,8 0 7
3 ,5 1 8
290
7 .6
6 ,6 2 5
3 ,7 6 4
3 ,5 0 0
264
7 .0
6 ,4 1 6
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
6 ,5 5 2
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
6 ,5 6 9
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
6 ,5 8 5
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
6 ,6 0 5
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
6 ,6 2 5
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
8 , L80
5 ,2 7 4
4 ,9 6 0
314
6 .0
8 ,2 3 6
5 ,3 3 5
5 ,0 6 3
272
5 .1
8 ,2 4 5
5 ,4 1 6 .
5 ,1 27
289
5 .3
8 ,1 8 0
5 ,2 6 9
4 ,9 4 2
327
6 .2
8 ,2 1 9
5 ,3 2 1
5 ,0 4 4
277
5 .2
8 ,2 2 4
5 ,2 8 9
4 ,9 7 5
314
5 .9
8 ,2 3 0
5 ,3 7 7
5 ,0 5 2
325
6 .0
8 ,2 3 6
5 ,3 5 3
5 ,0 6 0
293
5 .5
8 ,2 4 5
5 ,4 1 0
5 ,1 0 9
301
5 .6
4 ,3 0 8
2 ,7 9 5
2 ,6 1 0
185
6 .6
4 ,3 4 7
2 ,8 1 4
2 ,6 5 1
162
5 .8
4 ,3 5 3
2 ,8 0 5
2 ,6 8 4
121
4 .3
4 ,3 0 8
(2 )
2 ,5 8 7
(2 )
(2 )
4 ,3 3 5
(2 )
2 ,6 9 0
(2 )
(2 )
4 ,3 3 9
(2 )
2 ,6 9 1
(2 )
(2 )
4 ,3 4 3
(2 )
2 ,6 7 0
(2 )
(2 )
4 ,3 4 7
(2 )
2 ,6 7 9
(2 )
(2 )
4 ,3 5 3
(2 )
2 ,6 6 0
(2 )
6 ,5 7 5
4 ,1 7 4
3 ,9 0 3
271
6 .5
6 ,6 4 4
4 ,1 8 2
3 ,9 4 0
242
5 .8
6 ,6 5 4
4 ,1 8 2
3 ,9 5 3
229
5 .5
6 ,5 7 5
(2 )
(2 )
341
(2 )
6 ,6 2 4
(2 )
(2 )
276
(2 )
6 ,6 3 0
(2 )
(2 )
289
(2 )
6 ,6 3 7
(2 )
(2 )
348
(2 )
6 ,6 4 4
(2 )
(2 )
280
(2 )
6 ,6 5 4
(2 )
(2 )
299
(2 )
5 ,4 2 9
3 ,3 8 7
3 ,0 8 5
302
8 .9
5 ,4 7 8
3 ,5 2 6
3 ,2 7 5
252
7 .1
5 ,4 8 5
3 ,5 3 8
3 ,3 1 8
220
6 .2
5 ,4 2 9
3 ,4 1 1
3 ,0 8 3
328
9 .6
5 ,4 6 4
3 ,3 7 4
3 ,1 2 8
246
7 .3
5 ,4 6 8
3 ,3 8 5
3 ,1 2 7
258
7 .6
5 ,4 7 3
3 ,4 1 8
3 ,1 7 7
241
7 .1
5 ,4 7 8
3 ,5 4 4
3 ,2 8 2
262
7 .4
5 ,4 8 5
3 ,5 6 3
3 ,3 1 7
246
6 .9
1 3 ,3 1 5
7 ,7 4 4
7 ,1 0 2
643
8 .3
1 3 ,3 4 7
7 ,8 5 0
7 ,2 4 7
603
7 .7
13,356
7 ,9 3 8
7 ,3 1 4
624
7 .9
1 3 ,315
7 ,7 9 4
7 ,1 0 8
686
8 .8
1 3 ,3 3 4
7 ,7 8 4
7 ,2 1 1
573
' 7 .4
1 3 ,3 3 9
7 ,7 9 2
7 ,2 0 0
592
7 .6
13 ,3 4 1
7 ,8 5 7
7 ,2 5 7
600
7 .6
1 3 ,3 4 7
7 ,8 8 8
7 ,2 7 5
613
7 .8
1 3 ,3 5 6
7 ,9 8 8
7 ,3 2 1
667
8 .4
7 ,8 0 1
4 ,8 8 3
4 ,6 1 4
269
5 .5
7 ,8 5 6
5 ,0 3 1
4 ,7 5 8
273
5 .4
7 ,8 6 3
5 ,0 8 6
4 ,8 4 6
241
4 .7
7 ,8 0 1
4 ,8 8 0
4 ,5 8 2
298
6 .1
7 ,8 3 8
4 ,8 7 5
4 ,6 3 4
241
. 4 .9
7 ,8 4 4
4 ,9 3 0
4 ,6 5 4
276
5 .6
7 ,8 4 9
4 ,8 9 1
4 ,6 2 7
264
5 .4
7 ,8 5 6
5 ,0 3 8
4 ,7 4 8
290
5 .8
7 ,8 6 3
5 ,0 8 4
4 ,8 1 4
270
5 .3
8 ,8 3 4
5 ,2 0 0
4 ,8 3 3
367
7 .1
8 ,8 8 5
5 ,2 7 3
4 ,9 0 0
373
7 .1
8 ,8 9 3
5 ,3 4 2
4 .9 7 1
371
6 .9
8 ,8 3 4
5 ,1 8 0
4 ,7 8 5
395
7 .6
8 ,8 6 8
5 ,2 2 1
4 ,9 1 9
302
5 .8
8 ,8 7 4
5 ,2 8 4
4 ,8 9 3
391
7 .4
8 ,8 7 8
5 ,2 4 8
4 ,8 9 7
351
6 .7
8 ,8 8 5
5 ,3 0 5
4 ,8 9 9
406
7 .7
8 ,8 9 3
5 ,3 2 1
4 ,9 2 2
399
7 .5
9 ,0 6 4
5 ,8 7 7
5 ,5 7 3
304
5 .2
9 ,2 5 1
5 ,9 3 6
5 ,6 5 1
285
4 .8
9 ,2 7 2
9 ,0 6 4
5 ,8 4 6
5 ,5 2 5
321
5 .5
9 ,1 9 8
5 ,9 9 4
5 ,7 1 9
275
4 .6
9 ,2 1 5
5 ,9 8 9
5 ,6 9 0
299
5 .0
9 ,2 3 3
5 ,9 7 9
5 ,6 8 4
295
4 .9
9 ,2 5 1
5 ,9 2 8
5 ,6 4 8
280
4 .7
9 ,2 7 2
6 ,0 4 6
5 ,7 7 2
274
4 .5
California
Civilian noninstitutional population ‘
....................................
Civilian labor f o r c e ............. ...................................................
Employed .........................................................................
Unemployed .....................................................................
Unemployment rate
...........
.........................................
Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population ‘ .......................................
Civilian labor f o r c e .................................................................
Employed
.........................................................................
Unemployed
.....................................................................
Unemployment rate
.......................................................
.
Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population * .......................................
Civilian labor f o r c e .................................................................
Employed
.........................................................................
Unemployed
.....................................................................
Unemployment r a t e ..................................................
Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population1.........................................
Civilian labor f o r c e .............................. ..................................
Employed
.........................................................................
Unemployed
, ...................................................................
Unemployment rate
......................................................
(2 )
Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ............. .......... ...............
Civilian labor force ...............................................................
Employed .........................................................................
Unemployed
......................................................................
Unemployment rate
......................................... ..............
New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population1.........................................
Civilian labor f o r c e .................................................................
Employed
..........................................................................
Unemployed
........................................... .........................
Unemployment r a t e ..........................................................
New York
Civilian noninstitutional population*
.......................................
Civilian labor f o r c e .................................................................
Employed
.........................................................................
U nem ployed.......................................................................
Unemployment r a t e ..........................................................
'
Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .................
Civilian labor f o r c e .................................................................
Employed
.........................................................................
Unemployed
.....................................................................
Unemployment r a t e ............................
........................
Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ..........................
Civilian labor f o r c e .................................................................
Employed
.........................................................................
Unemployed
.....................................................................
Unemployment r a t e ......................
................................
Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .......................................
Civilian labor f o r c e .................................................................
Employed
..
Unemployed
...
.................
Unemployment r a t e .................
..
...................
.................
................... j
6 ,0 7 9
5 ,8 1 9
260
4 .3
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations; therefore, identical
i
2 Seasonally-adjusted data are not presented fo r this series, because the variations that are
numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted columns.
due to seasonal influences cannot be separated w ith sufficient precision from those which stem
These are the official Bureau o f Labor Statistics' estimates used in the administration
of Federal fund allocation programs.
from the trend-cycle and irregular components o f the original time series.
NO TE : A comprehensive reappraisal o f the seasonal adjustment o f the employmen
rid
unemployment series for a lM O States is now underway. Revisions in certain series will be
introduced in the near future.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Ta b le B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
(in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
OCT.
1977
AUG.
1978
SEPT.
1978 p
OCT.
1578 p
OCT.
1977
JU N E
1978
JU LY
1978
...........................................................
8 3 *8 9 1
8 6 ,1 3 4
86 *6 9 1
8 7 ,3 2 7
8 3 ,1 9 9
8 5 ,9 9 6
8 6 ,0 3 3
8 6 ,1 4 9
8 6 ,1 6 7
8 6 ,5 5 7
G O O D S P R O D U C IN G ....................................................
2 4 ,9 6 8
2 5 ,9 9 7
2 6 ,1 1 4
2 6 ,1 5 2
2 4 ,5 0 7
2 5 ,4 7 3
2 5 ,5 0 1
2 5 ,4 6 3
2 5 ,4 5 5
2 5 ,6 6 0
.................................
837
902
898
501
833
879
882
887
651
857
C O N S T R U C T I O N ........................................................
4 ,1 3 9
4 ,6 3 3
4 ,5 7 2
4 ,6 0 5
3 ,9 0 5
4 ,2 7 8
4 ,3 1 7
4 ,2 9 8
4 ,2 8 5
4 ,3 4 4
M A N U F A C T U R IN G ..................... ...........................
P ro d u c tio n w o rk e rs ................................................
1 9 ,9 9 2
1 4 ,3 9 6
2 0 ,4 6 2
1 4 ,6 7 3
2 0 *6 4 4
14*8 7 0
2 0 ,6 4 6
1 4 ,8 8 4
1 9 ,7 6 9
1 4 ,1 7 7
2 0 ,3 1 6
1 4 ,5 9 6
2 0 ,3 0 2
1 4 ,5 6 9
2 0 ,2 7 8
1 4 ,5 3 2
2 0 ,2 7 5
1 4 ,5 3 3
2 0 ,4 1 9
1 4 ,6 5 8
....................................................
.................................................
1 1 ,7 9 4
8 ,4 7 6
1 2 ,1 6 2
8 ,6 8 4
1 2 ,3 4 0
8 ,8 6 4
1 2 ,4 0 2
8 ,9 2 5
1 1 ,6 9 3
8 ,3 7 1
1 2 ,1 0 5
8 ,6 8 3
1 2 ,1 3 8
8 ,6 9 4
1 2 ,1 4 6
8 ,6 9 3
1 2 ,1 6 1
8 ,7 0 2
1 2 ,2 5 7
8 ,8 1 4
Lumber and wood products ....................................
Furniture and fixtures .............................................
Stone, clay, and glass products .................................
Primary metal industries .........................................
Fabricated metal products ......................................
Machinery, except electrical ....................................
Electric and electronic equipment ...........................
Transportation equipment........................................
Instruments and related products............... ..........
Miscellaneous manufacturing..................................
7 4 8 .8
4 7 8 .0
6 8 5 .4
1 ,1 8 1 .7
1 ,6 1 4 .9
2 ,2 1 2 .2
1 ,9 0 9 .8
1 ,8 8 5 .4
6 2 1 .7
4 5 5 .7
7 7 3 .5
4 8 4 .4
7 1 2 .5
1 ,2 0 8 .4
1 ,6 5 1 .2
2 ,3 3 1 .8
1 ,9 7 2 .9
1 ,9 0 3 .4
6 6 2 .3
4 6 1 .4
7 6 5 .4
4 8 7 .2
7 0 8 .5
1 ,2 2 4 .1
1 ,6 7 4 .7
2 ,3 6 2 .5
1 ,9 9 3 .7
1 ,9 9 3 .4
6 6 1 .4
4 6 9 .5
7 6 1 .7
4 9 0 .0
7 1 1 .2
1 ,2 2 6 .3
1 ,6 8 7 .3
2 ,3 8 0 .4
2 ,0 0 2 .8
2 ,0 0 4 .2
6 6 4 .3
4 7 4 .1
736
471
673
1 ,1 8 2
1 ,5 9 7
2 ,2 1 9
1 ,8 9 1
1 ,8 6 7
620
437
747
486
701
1 ,1 9 7
1 ,6 4 5
2 ,3 3 2
1 ,9 6 2
1 ,9 2 9
654
456
743
485
658
1 ,1 9 9
1 ,6 4 3
2 ,3 4 5
1 ,9 7 7
1 ,9 3 7
660
451
743
481
692
1 ,2 0 5
1 ,6 4 6
2 ,3 5 1
1 ,5 7 5
1 ,9 4 1
661
451
745
479
651
1 ,2 1 4
1 ,6 5 0
2 ,3 5 5
1 ,9 7 2
1 ,9 4 4
660
451
749
483
698
1 ,2 2 6
1 ,6 6 9
2 ,3 8 8
1 ,9 8 3
1 ,9 8 4
662
455
NONDURABLE GOODS .............................................
P ro d u c tio n w o rk e rs ............................... .................
8 ,1 9 8
5 ,9 2 0
8 ,3 0 0
5 ,9 8 9
8 ,3 0 4
6 ,0 0 6
8 ,2 4 4
5 ,9 5 9
8 ,0 7 6
5 ,8 0 6
8 ,2 0 7
5 ,9 1 3
8 ,1 6 4
5 ,8 7 5
8 ,1 3 2
5 ,8 3 9
8 ,1 1 8
5 ,8 3 1
8 ,1 2 2
5 ,8 4 4
Food and kindred products ........ .........................
Tobacco manufacturers..................... ......................
Textile mill products ...... ........................................
Apparel and other textile products...........................
Paper and allied products ........................................
Printing and publishing .........................................
Chemicals and allied products..................................
Petroleum and coal products ................. .................
Rubber and misc. plastics products .........................
1 ,7 8 7 .1
7 4 .9
9 1 0 .5
1 ,3 1 7 .1
7 0 5 .1
1 ,1 8 7 .0
1 ,0 9 9 .5
2 1 4 .0
7 5 0 .2
2 5 4 .2
1 ,7 9 1 .2
7 8 .2
9 1 3 .7
1, 3 2 6 .6
7 0 2 .7
1 ,1 7 9 .3
1 ,0 9 3 .3
2 1 1 .6
7 5 6 .4
2 5 0 .9
1 ,7 3 8 .5
7 8 .5
9 C 5 .0
1 ,3 2 7 .5
6 5 6 .0
1 ,1 8 5 .5
1 ,0 9 1 .0
2 C 8 .9
7 6 0 .9
2 4 8 .2
1 ,6 8 2
72
914
1 ,3 1 4
694
1 ,1 4 8
1 ,0 7 3
204
720
255
1 ,7 0 2
76
908
1 ,3 2 5
709
1 ,1 8 6
1 ,0 9 1
209
749
252
1 ,6 8 6
73
909
1 ,3 0 7
710
1 ,1 8 7
1 ,0 9 1
207
749
243
1 ,6 7 0
69
5C 3
Leather and leather products ...................................
1 ,7 5 0 .6
7 9 .5
9 1 7 .5
1 ,3 3 3 .8
6 9 8 .5
1 ,1 5 0 .9
1 ,0 7 5 .9
2 0 6 .0
7 3 0 .8
2 5 4 .6
1 ,3 0 9
658
1 ,1 8 8
1 ,0 8 9
205
746
251
1 ,6 6 6
71
5C7
1 ,3 1 0
696
1 ,1 7 8
1 ,0 8 8
205
742
251
1 ,6 7 0
71
905
1 ,3 0 8
692
1 ,1 8 2
1 ,0 8 8
207
750
249
S E R V IC E -P R O D U C IN G ..................................................
5 8 ,9 2 3
6 0 ,1 3 7
6 0 ,5 7 7
6 1 ,1 7 5
5 8 ,6 9 2
6 0 ,5 2 3
6 0 ,5 3 2
6 0 ,6 8 6
6 0 ,7 1 2
6 0 ,9 3 7
T R A N S P O R T A T IO N A N D P U B L IC
U T I L I T I E S ...............................................................
4 ,7 4 9
4 ,8 7 0
4 ,9 0 8
4 ,9 3 6
4 ,7 2 1
4 ,8 8 1
4 ,8 2 7
4 ,8 4 6
4 ,8 5 5
4 ,9 0 7
1 8 ,7 9 9
1 9 ,5 1 9
1 9 ,6 2 7
1 9 ,7 0 7
1 8 ,7 3 3
1 9 ,4 1 2
1 9 ,4 6 5
1 5 ,5 2 3
1 5 ,5 3 5
1 9 ,6 3 8
4 ,7 6 9
1 4 ,0 3 0
4 ,9 3 0
1 4 ,5 8 9
4 *9 4 7
1 4 ,6 8 0
4 ,5 8 1
1 4 ,7 2 6
4 ,7 4 5
1 3 ,9 8 8
4 ,9 0 5
1 4 ,5 0 7
4 ,9 0 1
1 4 ,5 6 8
4 ,9 0 5
1 4 ,6 1 8
4 ,9 3 2
1 4 ,6 0 7
1 4 ,6 8 2
..
4 ,5 0 3
4 ,7 5 4
4 ,7 2 6
4 ,7 3 2
4 ,5 0 8
4 ,6 7 0
4 ,6 9 0
4 ,7 0 7
4 ,7 2 1
4 ,7 3 7
S E R V IC E S ...................................................................
1 5 ,5 4 1
1 6 ,2 3 5
1 6 ,1 7 5
1 6 ,2 2 9
1 5 ,5 1 0
1 5 ,9 6 3
1 5 ,9 8 9
1 6 ,0 7 4
1 6 ,1 4 3
1 6 ,1 9 7
GOVERNM ENT
............................................
1 5 ,3 3 1
1 4 ,7 5 9
1 5 ,1 4 1
1 5 ,5 7 1
1 5 ,2 2 0
1 5 ,5 9 7
1 5 ,5 5 7
1 5 ,5 3 6
1 5 ,4 5 4
1 5 ,4 5 8
FEDERAL
...............................................................
STATE AND LOCAL .................. .............................
2 ,7 1 4
1 2 ,6 1 7
2 ,7 9 3
1 1 ,5 6 6
2 ,7 4 4
1 2 ,3 9 7
2 ,7 3 2
1 2 ,8 3 9
2 ,7 2 8
1 2 ,4 9 2
2 ,7 7 2
1 2 ,8 2 5
2 ,7 6 5
1 2 ,7 9 2
2 ,7 6 5
1 2 ,7 7 1
2 ,7 5 2
1 2 ,7 0 2
2 ,7 4 6
1 2 ,7 1 2
TO TAL
M IN IN G
.................
DURABLE GOODS
..............
P ro d u c tio n w o rk e rs
W H O LE SALE A N D R E T A IL T R A D E
.....................
W H O L E S A L E T R A D E ........... ......................
R E T A I L T R A D E ................................................
F IN A N C E , IN S U R A N C E , A N D R E A L E S T A T E
..........
^preliminary.
NOTE: Establishment data shown in tables B-1 through B-6 have been revised to conform to the 1972
Standard Industrial Classification and adjusted to March 1977 benchmark levels; consequently, they are
not comparable with previously published data. For a discussion o f the effect o f these revisions, see "BLS
Establishment Estimates Revised to Reflect New Benchmark Levels and 1972 SIC." Em ploym ent and
Earnings, October 1978, Vol. 25, No. 10.
AUG.
1978
SEPT.
1978 P
OCT.
1978 P
4 ,9 5 6
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
1
ole B -2 . Average w eekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers, on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
3CT.
1977
AUG.
1978
SEPT.
1578 p
OCT.
1978 p
OCT.
1977
JU N E
1978
JU LY
1978
AUG.
1978
SEPT.
1576 p
OCT.
1978
3 6 *1
3 6 .2
3 5 .9
3 5 .9
3 6 .1
3 5 .9
3 5 .9
3 5 .8
3 5 .8
3 5 .8
M I N I N G ...........................................................................
4 4 *4
4 3 .4
4 3 .2
4 4 .0
4 3 .7
4 3 .4
4 3 .0
4 3 .6
4 2 .7
4 3 .3
C O N S T R U C T I O N .........................
............ .................
3 7 .2
3 7 .9
3 7 .5
3 7 .9
3 6 .3
3 7 .3
3 7 .3
3 7 .1
3 7 .0
3 6 .9
M A N U F A C T U R I N G ......................................................
O v e rtim e h o u r s .....................................................
4 0 .6
3 .7
4 0 .4
3 .6
4 0 .8
3 .9
4 0 .6
3 .8
4 0 .5
3 .5
4 0 .5
3 .6
4 0 .5
3 .6
4 0 .3
3 .4
4 0 .4
3 .6
4 0 .5
3 .6
DURABLE G O O D S ........................................................
O v e rtim e h o u r s ......................................................
4 1 .3
4 .0
4 0 .9
3 .7
4 1 .4
4 .2
4 1 .4
4 .1
4 1 .2
3 .8
4 1 .2
3 .7
4 1 .2
3 .8
4 1 .0
3 .6
4 1 .1
3 .8
4 1 .2
3 .9
Lumber and wood products ......................................
Furniture and fixtures . . . . . ...... ...............................
Stone, clay, and glass products ...................................
Primary metal industries ............................................
Fabricated metal products ........................................
Machinery, except electrical .....................................
Electric and electronic equipm ent..............................
3 9 .9
3 9 .5
4 2 .1
4 1 .8
4 0 .9
4 1 .6
4 0 .3
4 0 .9
4 0 .8
3 8 .9
4 0 .1
3 9 .4
4 2 .1
4 2 .2
4 1 .2
4 2 .2
4 0 .6
4 2 .6
4 1 .3
3 9 .2
4 0 .1
3 9 .4
4 2 .5
4 2 .2
4 0 .9
4 2 .0
4 0 .4
4 2 .7
4 1 .0
3 9 .2
4 0 .1
3 9 .5
4 1 .0
4 1 .5
4 1 .0
4 1 .9
4 0 .5
4 2 .9
4 0 .8
3 8 .9
4 0 .0
3 9 .5
4 1 .9
4 1 .8
4 1 .0
4 2 .3
4 0 .2
4 2 .0
4 0 .8
3 8 .8
3 9 .8
3 9 .3
4 1 .7
4 1 .8
4 1 .0
4 2 .2
4 0 .7
4 2 .1
4 0 .7
3 8 .8
3 9 .3
3 9 .0
4 1 .6
4 2 .0
4 0 .9
4 1 .8
4 0 .4
4 1 .8
4 1 .0
3 9 .0
3 9 .7
3 8 .8
4 1 .8
4 1 .8
4 0 .9
4 2 .C
4 0 .2
4 2 .4
4 1 .1
3 9 .0
3 9 .8
3 8 .8
4 2 .0
4 2 .4
Transportation equipment ........................................
Instruments and related products ...............................
Miscellaneous manufacturing......................................
4 0 .4
4 0 .1
4 1 .5
4 1 .3
4 1 .2
4 1 .9
4 0 .6
4 3 .0
4 0 .9
3 9 .2
4 0 .7
4 2 .0
4 0 .3
4 2 .6
4 0 .9
3 8 .9
NONDURABLE G O O D S ................................................
O v e rtim e h o u rs ..........................................................
3 9 .6
3 .3
3 9 .6
3 .4
3 9 .8
3 *6
3 9 .5
3 .4
3 9 .4
3 .1
3 9 .4
3 .1
3 9 .4
3 .2
3 9 .3
3 .2
3 9 .4
3 .2
3 9 .3
3 .2
Food and kindred products........................................
Tobacco manufacturers..............................................
Textile mill products ..............................................
Apparel and other textile products .............................
Paper and allied products............................................
Printing and publishing ..............................................
Chemicals and allied products ....................................
Petroleum and coal products......................................
Rubber and misc. plastics products ...........................
Leather and leather products......................................
3 9 .8
3 8 .9
4 0 .6
3 6 .0
4 3 .0
3 8 .0
4 1 .7
4 3 .3
4 1 .1
3 7 .2
4 0 .2
3 7 .5
4 0 .6
3 6 .0
4 2 .9
3 7 .7
4 1 .7
4 4 .0
4 0 .9
3 7 .3
4 0 .3
3 8 .4
4 0 .6
3 5 .9
4 3 .1
3 8 .1
4 2 .0
4 4 .4
4 1 .4
3 7 .1
3 9 .9
3 9 .0
4 0 .2
3 5 .7
4 2 .9
3 7 .7
4 1 .8
4 4 .7
4 1 .3
3 6 .3
3 9 .7
3 6 .1
4 0 .6
3 5 .6
4 2 .8
3 7 .9
4 1 .7
4 2 .9
4 0 .8
3 7 .2
3 9 .6
3 9 .6
4 0 .3
3 5 .8
4 2 .9
3 7 .5
4 1 .9
4 3 .4
4 1 .1
3 7 .4
3 9 .8
3 8 .6
4 0 .2
3 5 .8
4 2 .9
3 7 .6
4 1 .8
4 3 .9
4 0 .9
3 7 .2
3 9 .5
3 7 .7
4 0 .4
3 5 .6
4 2 .7
3 7 .4
4 1 .9
4 4 .3
4 0 .9
3 7 .1
3 9 .5
3 7 .8
4 0 .3
3 5 .7
4 2 .7
3 7 .8
4 1 .9
4 3 .8
4 1 .1
3 7 .3
3 9 .8
3 8 .2
4 0 .2
3 5 .3
4 2 .7
3 7 .6
4 1 .8
4 4 .3
4 1 .0
3 6 .3
T R A N S P O R T A T IO N A N D P U B L IC
U T I L I T I E S ..............................................................
3 9 .8
4 0 .3
4 0 .2
4 0 .1
3 9 .8
4 0 .1
3 9 .6
3 9 .9
4 0 .1
4 0 .1
W H O L E S A L E A N D R E T A I L T R A D E ...................
3 3 .2
3 3 .5
3 2 .8
3 2 .6
3 3 .4
3 * 2 .8
3 2 .9
3 2 .8
3 2 .8
3 2 .8
W H O L E S A L E T R A D E .............................................
R E T A I L T R A D E ........................................................
3 9 .0
3 1 .4
3 9 .0
3 1 .8
3 8 .9
3 0 .9
3 8 .9
3 0 .7
3 8 .9
3 1 .7
3 8 .8
3 1 .0
3 8 .7
3 1 .1
3 6 .8
3 0 .9
3 8 .9
3 0 .9
3 8 .8
3 0 .9
T O T A L P R IV A T E . . .
•
F IN A N C E , IN S U R A N C E , A N D
R E A L E S T A T E ....................................................
3 6 .5
3 6 .6
3 6 .4
3 6 .6
3 6 .5
3 6 .5
3 6 .6
3 6 *5
3 6 .5
3 6 .6
S E R V IC E S ............................. ....................................
3 3 .1
3 3 .2
3 2 .7
3 2 .7
3 3 .2
3 2 .8
3 2 .8
3 2 .7
3 2 .8
3 2 .8
1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing: to construction workers in construction; and to nonsupervisory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and
retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonagricultural payrolls,
p = preliminary.
•
P
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B -3 . Average hourly and w eekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
Average hourly earnings
Industry
Average weekly earnings
AUG.
1978
SEPT.
1978 p
CCT.
1978
OCT.
1977
AUG.
1978
SEPT.
1578 P
DCT.
1978 p
$ 5 .3 9
5 .3 6
$ 5 .7 1
5 .7 3
$ 5 .8 1
5 .7 7
$ 5 .8 6
5 .8 2
$ 1 9 4 .5 8
1 9 3 .5 0
$ 2 0 6 .7 0
2 0 5 .1 3
$ 2 0 8 .5 8
2 0 6 .5 7
$ 2 1 0 .3 7
2 0 8 .3 6
M I N I N G ........................................................................................................................
7 .1 4
7 .7 9
7 .9 4
7 .9 2
3 1 7 .0 2
3 3 8 .0 9
3 4 3 .0 1
3 4 8 .4 8
C O N S T R U C T IO N .......................................................................................................
8 .2 9
8 .7 2
8 .8 7
8 .8 9
3 0 8 .3 9
3 3 0 .4 9
3 3 2 .6 3
3 3 6 .5 3
M A N U F A C T U R I N G ...................................................................................................
5 .8 2
6 .1 6
6 .2 8
6 .3 3
2 3 6 .2 9
2 4 8 .8 6
2 5 6 .2 2
2 5 7 .0 0
D U R AB LE G O O D S ..................................................................................................................
6 .2 2
6 .5 7
6 .7 1
6 .7 6
2 5 6 .8 9
2 6 8 .7 1
2 7 7 .7 9
2 7 5 .8 6
Lumber and w ood products . ...............................................................................................
Miscellaneous m anufacturing...............................................................................................
5 .2 6
4 .4 4
5 .9 4
7 .6 5
6 .0 5
6 .4 5
5 .5 2
7 .5 4
5 .3 8
4 .4 2
5 .6 8
4 .7 2
6 .4 0
8 .3 1
6 .3 5
6 .7 4
5 .8 7
7 .7 8
5 .7 3
4 .7 0
5 .7 4
4 .7 6
6 .4 6
8 .4 4
6 .4 5
6 .6 8
5 .9 4
8 .0 5
5 .7 7
4 .7 4
5 .7 3
4 . * y5
6 .4 9
8 .4 9
6 .4 7
6 .9 2
5 .9 7
8 .2 1
5 .7 7
4 .7 7
2 1 2 .5 0
1 7 8 .0 4
2 4 6 .5 1
3 1 5 .9 5
2 4 9 .2 6
2 7 0 .2 6
2 2 4 .1 1
3 2 4 .2 2
2 2 0 .0 4
1 7 3 .2 6
2 2 6 .6 3
1 8 6 .4 4
2 6 9 .4 4
3 4 7 .3 6
2 5 9 .7 2
2 8 0 .3 8
2 3 6 .5 6
3 1 8 .2 0
2 3 3 .7 8
1 3 2 .8 3
2 3 0 .1 7
1 8 7 .5 4
2 7 1 .9 7
3 5 6 .1 7
2 6 5 .7 4
2 9 0 .3 4
2 4 1 .1 6
3 4 2 .9 3
2 3 8 .3 0
1 8 5 .8 1
2 2 9 .7 7
1 8 8 .7 3
2 7 5 .8 3
3 5 8 .2 8
2 6 4 .6 2
2 9 0 .6 4
2 4 1 .1 5
3 5 0 .5 7
2 3 6 .5 7
1 8 6 .9 8
N O N D U R AB LE G O O D S .........................................................................................................
5 .2 1
5 .5 6
5 .6 2
5 .6 5
2 0 6 .3 2
2 2 0 .1 8
2 2 3 .6e
2 2 3 .1 8
ro o d and kindred p ro d u c ts ......................................... .......................................................
5 .4 4
5 .4 8
4 .1 0
3 .6 9
6 .1 4
6 .2 4
6 .6 2
7 .9 1
5 .2 2
3 .6 6
5 .8 0
6 .3 0
4 .3 7
3 .9 3
6 .5 9
6 .5 1
7 .0 6
8 .5 9
5 .5 4
3 .8 7
5 .8 7
6 .1 0
4 .4 2
4 .0 0
6 .6 8
6 .5 8
7 .1 3
6 .6 6
5 .5 8
3 .9 2
5 .8 7
6 .1 1
4 .4 2
4 .0 3
6 .7 0
6 .6 1
7 .1 8
8 .7 7
5 .6 4
3 .9 7
2 1 6 .5 1
2 1 3 .1 7
1 6 6 .4 6
1 3 2 .8 4
2 6 4 .0 2
2 3 7 .1 2
2 7 6 .0 5
3 4 2 .5 0
2 1 4 .5 4
1 3 6 .1 5
2 3 3 .1 6
2 3 6 .2 5
1 7 7 .4 2
1 4 1 .4 8
2 8 2 .7 1
2 4 5 .4 3
2 9 4 .4 0
3 7 7 .9 6
2 2 6 .5 9
1 4 4 .3 5
2 3 6 .5 6
2 3 4 .2 4
1 7 9 .4 5
1 4 3 .6 0
2 8 7 .9 1
2 5 0 .7 0
2 9 9 .4 6
3 8 4 .5 0
2 3 1 .0 1
1 4 5 .4 3
2 3 4 .2 1
2 3 8 .2 9
1 7 7 .6 8
1 4 3 .8 7
2 8 7 .4 3
2 4 9 .2 0
3 0 0 .1 2
3 9 2 .0 2
2 3 2 .9 3
1 4 4 .1 1
T R A N S P O R T A T IO N A N D P U B L IC U T I L I T I E S .................. ........................
7 .2 2
7 .6 3
7 .6 9
7 .7 2
2 8 7 .3 6
3 0 7 .4 9
3 0 9 .1 4
3 0 5 .5 7
W H O L E S A L E A N D R E T A I L T R A D E ....................................................
4 .3 7
4 .6 7
4 .7 4
4 .7 7
1 4 5 .0 8
1 5 6 .4 5
1 5 5 .4 7
1 5 5 .5 0
W H O L E S A L E T R A D E .........
......................................................
R E T A IL T R A D E ..........
..............................................................................
5 .5 3
3 .9 2
5 .9 2
4 .1 9
6 .0 1
4 .2 4
6 .0 5
4 .2 7
2 1 5 .6 7
1 2 3 .0 9
2 3 0 .8 8
1 3 3 .2 4
2 3 3 .7 9
1 3 1 .0 2
2 3 5 .3 5
1 3 1 .0 9
F IN A N C E , IN S U R A N C E , A N D R E A L E S T A T E ........................................
4 .6 4
4 .9 1
4 .9 7
5 .0 4
1 6 9 .3 6
1 7 9 .7 1
1 6 C .9 1
1 8 4 .4 6
S E R V I C E S .......................................................................................................
4 .7 6
4 .9 4
5 .0 6 *
5 .0 9
1 5 7 .5 6
1 6 4 .0 1
1 6 5 .4 6
1 6 6 .4 4
T O T A L P R I V A T E ...............
Furniture and fix t u r e s .........................................................................................................
Stone, clay, and glass products
; .......................................... .............................................
Primary metal industries.......................................................................................................
Fabricated metal p ro d u cts.............................................................
Machinery, except electrical........................................................
. .
.
....................................
Electric and electronic e q u ip m e n t......................................................................... ............
Transportation e q u ip m en t...................................................................................................
Instruments and related products............................................. ................................
Tobacco manufacturers.........................................................................................................
Textile mill products...................................................... .......................................................
Apparel and other textile products..............................................................................
Paper and allied products ............................................
...........................................
Printing and publishing .....................................................................................................
Chemicals and allied products.*.................................................................................
Petroleum and coal p ro d u c ts ..............................................................................................
Rubber and mi sc. plastics p r o d u c ts ..............................................................................
Leather and leather products........
...................................................................................
•See footnote 1, table 8*2.
See footnote 2, table B*2.
prelim in ary.
OCT.
1977
p
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Hourly earnings index for production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry division, seasonally adjusted
[1967=1001
Percent change from—
Industry
197 8
S E PT*P
1978
OCT.
1978
2 1 4 *1
1 0 9 *0
2 1 4 *6
1 0 8 *7
2 1 6 *0
1 0 8 *7
2 1 7 .7
N *A *
8 *1
121
0 *8
(3 1
2 4 4 *3
2 0 7 .9
2 1 6 *7
2 3 0 *4
2 0 7 *6
* 1 9 6 *9
2 1 3 *2
2 4 4 .5
2 0 9 *2
2 1 7 .5
2 3 1 *2
2 0 8 *3
1 9 6 *0
2 1 2 *9
2 4 6 *9
2 0 9 *6
2 1 8 .9
2 3 2 *8
2 0 9 .6
1 9 8 .0
2 1 4 *9
2 4 8 *5
2 1 0 *8
2 2 0 .7
2 3 3 *6
2 1 1 *0
2 0 0 .7
2 1 6 *8
12*5
7 .4
8*2
6 *8
9 .1
8 *4
7 .2
.7
•6
•8
.4
.7
K 4
•9
JU LY
1978
AUG*
1978
JUNE
1 97 8
2 0 1 *5
1 0 9 *2
2 1 1 *0
1 0 9 *0
2 1 2 *3
1 0 8 .7
2 2 0 *9
1 9 6 *3
2 0 6 *0
2 1 8 *8
1 9 3 *5
1 8 5 *1
2 0 2 *2
2 3 7 *3
2 0 6 *0
2 1 3 *5
2 2 9 *2
2 0 4 *0
1 9 2 *4
2 1 0 *4
2 3 9 .8
2 0 7 *6
2 1 4 .7
2 2 9 *6
2 0 5 *2
1 9 4 .6
2 1 1 .5
OCT*
MAY
1977
Current dollars.....................................................
Constant (1967) dollars..............................................
MINING ...............................................................
CONSTRUCTION ................ .........................................
P
OCT.
OCT.
19771978
S E P T .19780 C T . 1978
T O T A L PR IV A T E NO N FARM :
MANUFACTURING ......................................................
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC U T IL IT IE S ............
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL T R A D E ............................
FINANCE. INSURANCE. AN D REAL ESTATE ..........
SERVICES ...................................................................
^ See footnote 1, table B-2.
P E R . t W CHANGE WAS . 1
1 PERCEVT CHANGE WAS . 0
FROM SEPTEMBER 1 97 7 TO SEPTEMBER 1 9 7 8 * THE L A T E S T MONTH A V A IL A B L E *
FROM AUGUST 19 7 8 TO SEPTEMBER 1 9 7 8 » THE L A T E S T MONTH A V A IL A B L E *
*
N.A. = not available.
^preliminaryNOTE: All series are in current dollars except where indicated. The index excludes effects o f two types o f changes that are unrelated to underlying wage-rate developments: Fluctuations in overtime
premiums in manufacturing (the only sector for which overtime data are available) and the effects o f changes in the proportion o f workers in high-wage and low-wage industries.
Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers/ on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted
[1967=1001
1977
197 8
Industry division and group
OCT.
NOV*
DEC*
JA N *
1 1 7 .0
1 1 7 .4
1 1 7 .5
1 0 1 *2
1 0 2 *0
1 0 1 *6
M I N I N G . . . . . . ...................................................
1 3 8 *8
1 3 9 .7
1 0 7 *8
1 0 5 *6
1 0 6 *8
C O N S T R U C T IO N ..............................................
1 0 7 *6
1 0 8 *7
1 0 8 .6
1 0 0 *3
1 0 4 *2
1 0 0 *1
1 0 2 *0
T O T A L P R I V A T E .........................
GOODS-PRODUCING ..........................................
FEB*
MAR*
A PR *
1 1 6 *2
1 1 7 .1
1 1 9 .1
9 9 .3
1 0 0 *9
1 0 3 .6
1 1 1 *3
1 4 4 *2
1 4 3 * 1 1 4 4 .0
1 4 3 .5
1 4 5 .7
1 4 4 *0
1 4 7 .1
1 1 1 .5
1 1 8 *6
1 1 7 .1
1 2 2 *8
1 2 4 *2
1 2 2 *8
1 2 2 *2
1 2 3 *7
1 0 2 *5
1 0 1 *6
1 0 1 .7
1 0 1 *6
1 0 1 .0
1 0 1 *2
1 0 2 *1
MAY
JUNE
JU LY
AUG*
SEPT*
OCT*
1 2 0 .4
1 2 0 *0
1 2 0 .6
1 2 0 .6
1 2 0 *4
1 2 0 .8
1 2 1 .4
1 0 6 *0
1 0 5 *1
1 0 6 .0
1 0 6 *1
1 0 5 .4
1 C 5 .5
1 0 6 *5
P
.............................
9 8 *8
9 9*5
1 0 0 *2
9 8*9
DURABLE GOODS........................ ..........................
1 0 0 *1
1 1 1 *9
1 0 5 .9
1 0 5 *3
9 1 .7
9 9 *2
1 0 4 *6
9 7 .4
9 4 .5
1 1 5 *0
9 6 *5
1 0 0 *8
1 1 3 *2
1 0 7 .0
1 0 8 *6
91 *6
1 0 0 *1
1 0 5 .1
9 8 .1
94 *1
1 1 5 *1
9 7 .7
1 0 1 .7
1 1 4 .5
1 0 8 *9
1 0 9 .0
9 1 .9
1 0 1 *1
1 0 6 *2
9 8 *6
9 5 .7
1 1 6 *0
9 9 *0
1 0 0 *5
1 1 3 *2
1 0 6 *1
1 0 6 *4
9 2 .2
9 9 .4
1 0 4 *6
9 7 .3
9 4 .9
1 1 6 *3
9 7 .4
1 0 1 *9 1 0 3 *9
1 1 4 .0 1 1 4 .3
1 1 1 *1 1 1 2 .5
1 0 8 * 4 1 1 1 .0
9 3 *4
9 2*8
1 0 1 *4 1 0 2 *9
1 0 7 *1 1 0 9 *4
58* 8 1 0 1 *2
9 3 .7
9 7 .2
1 1 7 *5 1 2 0 *5
9 9 .0 1 0 2 *0
1 0 4 *2 1 0 3 .5
1 1 5 *0 1 1 1 *8
1 1 ? *5 1 1 0 *3
1 1 2 .7 1 1 1 *4
9 3 .9
9 2 .9
1 0 3 *5 1 0 3 *3
1 1 0 *1 1 0 9 *5
1 0 0 *4
99*6
9 6 .6
9 7 .5
1 2 1 .7 1 2 0 *8
1 0 2 . 6 1 0 1 .5
1 0 3 *8
1 1 3 .6
1 0 9 .5
1 1 2 *4
9 4 .1
1 0 2 .4
1 1 1 .3
9 9*8
9 5 .8
1 2 2 *4
1 0 1 *4
1 0 4 *0
1 1 2 .3
1 0 8 .3
1 1 1 .1
9 4 .4
1 0 2 .0
1 1 2 .1
1 0 1 *8
96 *2
1 2 3 .6
9 9 .8
1 0 3 *5
1 1 0 .7
1 0 6 .4
1 0 9 .8
9 5 .3
1 0 1 .8
1 1 0 .8
1 0 1 .1
9 6 .1
1 2 3 .9
1 0 0 .6
1 0 3 *9
1 1 1 *8
1 0 5 .6
1 1 0 .1
9 5 .7
1 0 2 .0
1 1 1 .5
1 0 0 .3
9 7 .6
1 2 3 *9
1 0 0 *6
1 0 5 *5
1 1 2 *8
1 0 6 .7
1 1 1 .5
9 8 *3
1 0 3 .2
1 1 3 .5
1 0 1 *1
9 9 .7
1 2 5 .1
1 0 1 .2
Leather and leather products ..............................
9 6 .8
9 2 .5
7 6 *3
9 2 .9
8 9 .9
9 8 *8
9 7 .0
1 0 4 .0
1 1 7 .5
1 3 9 .6
7 0 .0
9 7 .6
94 *3
7 7 .1
9 3 .7
9 0 .8
9 8 .6
9 6 .9
1 0 4 .0
1 1 7 .3
1 4 1 *3
7 0 .3
9 7 .9
9 4 .6
7 8 .7
9 3 .0
9 1 *1
9 9 .6
’ 9 6 .7
1 0 4 *5
1 1 9 .8
1 4 2 *1
6 9*6
9 6 .5
9 4 .5
7 7 .9
92 *6
85 *6
9 8 .7
9 6 .7
1 0 4 .4
1 1 9 .9
1 4 1 *0
6 8 *0
9 7 .4
9 4 .7
7 9 .4
9 2 .5
9 0 *1
9 9 .1
96 *9
1 0 4 *8
1 1 9 .0
1 4 0 *1
6 7 *8
9 9 .2
9 6 .2
8 2 *0
9 3 .7
9 1 *6
1 0 1 *6
9 9 .3
1 0 6 .0
1 2 1 .3
1 4 4 .5
6 9 .1
9 9 .9
9 6 .4
8 0*2
9 3 *4
9 3 .2
1 0 2 .4
9 9 .1
1 0 6 *5
1 2 2 *1
1 4 7 .3
7 1 .3
9 8 .9
9 4*6
8 1 *5
92 *6
91*9
1 0 1 *9
98 *2
1 0 6 *9
1 1 8 .4
1 4 6 *6
7 0 .4
9 8 .7
9 4 .0
8 4 .1
9 1 *8
9 1 .4
1 0 1 .9
9 8 .6
1 0 6 *9
1 2 0 *4
1 4 7 .0
7 0 .1
9 8 .1
9 3 *6
7 8 .6
9 1 .5
90 *1
1 0 1 *9
9 9 .1
1 0 6 *6
1 2 1 *2
1 4 6 *2
6 7 .1
9 7 .2
9 1 *4
7 1 .5
9 1 .2
9 0*1
9 9 .2
9 8 *3
1 0 6 .0
1 2 3 *2
1 4 5 .4
6 9 .1
9 7 .3
91 *4
7 4 .3
9 1 .7
9 0 *2
9 9 .2
9 7 .8
1 0 6 .0
1 2 2 .7
1 4 5 .1
6 9 *5
9 7 .2
92*5
7 6 .4
9 1 .4
8 9 .3
9 8 *4
9 8 .1
1 0 6 *0
1 2 3 *2
1 4 6 *8
6 6 *7
S ERVIC E-PRO D U C ING .........................................
1 2 8 .0
1 2 8 *1
1 2 8 *5
1 2 7 .9
1 2 8 .4
1 2 9 *8
1 3 0 *5
1 3 0 * 5 n 1 3 0 .7
1 3 0 .7
1 3 0 *8
1 3 1 *4
1 3 1 *8
T R A N S P O R T A T IO N A N D PUBLIC
U T IL IT IE S .....................................................
1 0 5 .9
1 0 7 .2
1 0 6 *9
1 0 7 .0
1 0 7 .7
109* 1 1 0 8 *7
1 0 9 .0
1 0 9 .4
1 0 6 *5
1 0 7 .7
1 0 6 *2
1 0 9 .7
WHOLESALE A N D R E T A IL
T R A D E .............. .......... .................................
1 2 4 *3
1 2 4 .2
1 2 4 .7
1 2 3 .7
1 2 4 *2
1 2 5 .9
1 2 6 *4
1 2 6 *8
1 2 6 .8
1 2 7 *4
1 2 7 .2
1 2 7 .4
1 2 7 .9
WHOLESALE T R A D E .....................................
R E T A IL T R A D E ................................................
1 2 2 *2
1 2 5 *2
1 2 2 *4
1 2 4 *9
1 2 3 .0
1 2 5 .4
1 2 3 *1
1 2 3 *9
1 2 3 .9
1 2 4 *4
1 2 5 *3 1 2 6 *0
1 2 6 *1 1 2 6 *6
1 2 5 *2
1 2 7 .3
1 2 6 *1
1 2 7 *0
1 2 5 .7
1 2 8 *0
1 2 6 *1
1 2 7 .7
1 2 7 .2
1 2 7 .5
1 2 7 .6
1 2 8 *0
FINANCE, IN SU RAN CE, A N D
R E A L E S T A T E ..........................................
1 3 3 .2
1 3 3 .6
1 3 3 .9
1 3 4 *3
1 3 5 .1
1 3 5 .4
1 3 7 .5
1 3 6 *2
1 3 7 .9
1 3 9 *0
1 3 9 *2
1 3 9 .7
1 4 0 *4
1 4 1 *8
1 4 1 *6
1 4 2 .1
1 4 1 .7
1 4 1 *8
1 4 3 *3
1 4 4 *1
1 4 3 *8
1 4 3 .9
1 4 4 *1
1 4 4 *1 .
142*1JL£4*2__
M A N U F A C TU R IN G
.......
Lumber and wood products..................................
Furniture and fixtures ........................
Stone, day, and glass products............................
Primary metal industries................ ......................
Fabricated metal products ..................................
Machinery, except electrical .................. ..........
Electric and electronic equipment ......................
Transportation equipment....................................
Instruments and related products — ..................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industry ................
NONDURABLE GOODS..........................................
Food and kindred products................................
Tobacco manufacturers............ ........ ................
Textile mill products............................ ............
Apparel and other textile products ......................
Paper and allied products......................................
Printing and publishing........................................
Chemicals and allied products..............................
Petroleum and coal products................................
Rubber and misc. plastics products ....................
SER V IC ES .......................................
http://fraser.stlouisfed.org/
* See footnote 1. table B-2.
3 See footnote
table B-2.
Federal Reserve Bank
of St. 2,Louis
....................
p-preliminary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
T a b le B -6 .
Indexes of d iffu sio n :
Year end month
P e rce n t of industries in w h ic h e m p lo y m e n t1 increased
Over 1>month span
Over 3-month span
Over 6-month span
Over 12-month span
1975
J a n u a r y ..................... .
F e b r u a r y .......... ............ .
M a r c h • • . • • • • • • • • • • • • • ......... .
1 8 .0
2 1 .2
2 6 .5
13. 1
1 2 .8
2 0 .1
1 1 .9
1 2 .8
1 8 .6
1 5 .7
1 6 .9
1 8 .3
A p r i l ...............................
M a y ..................................
J u n e ....... • • • • ...... • • • • • • • • • • •
4 1 .0
5 1 .5
4 3 .0
3 6 .6
4 3 .0
5 3 .2
2 9 .4
4 8 .3
5 7 .3
2 0 .9
2 7 .0
4 1 .0
J u l y .................................
A u g u s t ... .’• • • • • • • • • . ............
S e ptember.....................
5 6 .1
7 3 .3
6 7 .4
6 1 .6
7 3 .5
7 7 .3
6 7 .2
6 9 .2
7 5 .9
5 4 .1
6 4 .5
7 4 .1
O c t o b e r .............................
N o v e m b e r ............. ........... .
D e c e m b e r ........ ......... . . . . . . .
6 8 .3
6 0 .5
7 1 .5
7 0 .6
7 4 .4
7 8 .2
8 0 .5
8 4 .0
8 3 .7
7 9 .7
8 2 .3
8 6 .3
January•
F e b r u a r y . • . . . .....................
M a r c h ...............................
7 8 .2
7 2 .4
6 9 .5
8 5 .8
8 4 .9
8 1 .4
8 7 .2
8 5 .8
8 2 .0
8 5 .2
8 4 .0
8 5 .2
A p r i l ...............................
M a y ............ ......................
J u n e • • • • • • • • • • • • .................
7 0 .1
5 8 .1
5 7 .8
7 2 .4
6 7 .2
6 5 .1
7 5 .6
6 8 .3
7 1 .2
7 8 .8
8 2 .6
7 9 .9
J u l y ............................... *
A u g u s t ........ • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
S e p t e m b e r ..........................
5 8 .4
4 9 .1
6 4 .8
5 7 .8
6 4 .0
5 3 .8
6 3 .1
6 5 .1
6 6 .3
7 8 .5
7 7 .6
8 0 .2
O c t o b e r .............................
N o v e m b e r ...................... • •. .
D e c e m b e r . •. . ................. •. • •
4 7 .1
6 7 .4
6 6 .6
6 5 .1
6 4 .2
8 1 .4
7 3 .3
7 8 .8
8 1 .4
8 0 .8
8 0 .8
8 2 .6
J a n u a r y .............................
F e b r u a r y ............... . . . . . . . . . .
M a r c h .................. • • • • • • • • • •
7 6 .2
6 6 .0
7 4 .7 .
8 3 .1
8 6 .3
8 1 .1
8 8 .1
8 7 .8
8 5 .2
7 8 .8
8 0 .5
8 0 .2
A p r i l . .*.............................
M a y ..................................
J u n e . • • • ......... ...........
6 8 .0
6 4 .8
7 1 .2
7 9 .4
7 6 .2
6 8 .0
7 9 .4
7 5 .9
7 2 .1
8 4 .6
8 4 .0
8 3 .1
J u l y ................................
A u g u s t ............ '........... .
S e p t e m b e r .............. ...........
5 9 .3
5 1 .7
6 0 .8
6 3 .4
5 8 .7
6 2 .5
6 9 .8
7 4 .1
7 2 .1
8 2 .6
8 3 .7
8 2 .6
O c t o b e r . . . . . . . ........ ........ . .
N o v e m b e r ............. • • • • • • • • • • •
D e c e m b e r ...........................
6 0 .5
7 3 .8
7 2 .1
7 3 .8
7 5 .3
7 9 .7
7 7 .9
8 2 .0
8 3 .1
8 1 .1
8 1 .1
8 0 .8
J a n u a r y ......................... .
F e b r u a r y ......... ........... .
M a r c h ...............................
6 9 .8
7 0 .3
7 0 .1
8 0 .2
8 0 .2
7 5 .9
8 5 .5
8 0 .5
7 9 .9
7 7 .9
7 9 .1
7 7 . 3p
A p r i l . ............. ................
M a y ..................... ............
J u n e ...................... ..........
6 2 .8
5 6 .4
6 7 .2
6 7 .4
6 3 .7
6 2 .5
6 8 .9
6 7 .7
5 7 . 3p
7 7 . 6p
J u l y ................................
A u g u s t ..............................
S e p t e m b e r . ................. .
5 4 .9
5 1 .7
5 4 . Ip
5 7 .0
5 0 . Op
5 9 . 9p
6 2 . 5p
O c t o b e r .................... .
N o v e m b e r ......... ................ .
D e c e m b e r . . . . . . . . . .......... ••••
6 8 • Op
1976
1977
1978
1 Number of employees, seesooally adiusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagricultural industries,
p * preliminary.
@FedFRASER