Full text of The Employment Situation : November 2023

The full text on this page is automatically extracted from the file linked above and may contain errors and inconsistencies.

Transmission of material in this news release is embargoed until
8:30 a.m. (ET) Friday, December 8, 2023

USDL-23-2530

Technical information:
Household data:
(202) 691-6378 • cpsinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/cps
Establishment data: (202) 691-6555 • cesinfo@bls.gov • www.bls.gov/ces
Media contact:

(202) 691-5902 • PressOffice@bls.gov

THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION — NOVEMBER 2023
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 199,000 in November, and the unemployment rate
edged down to 3.7 percent, the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics reported today. Job gains occurred in
health care and government. Employment also increased in manufacturing, reflecting the return of
workers from a strike. Employment in retail trade declined.
Chart 1. Unemployment rate, seasonally adjusted,
November 2021 – November 2023

Chart 2. Nonfarm payroll employment over-the-month change,
seasonally adjusted, November 2021 – November 2023

Percent

Thousands

5.5

1,000
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
-100

5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
Nov-21 Feb-22 May-22 Aug-22 Nov-22 Feb-23 May-23 Aug-23 Nov-23

Nov-21 Feb-22 May-22 Aug-22 Nov-22 Feb-23 May-23 Aug-23 Nov-23

This news release presents statistics from two monthly surveys. The household survey measures labor
force status, including unemployment, by demographic characteristics. The establishment survey
measures nonfarm employment, hours, and earnings by industry. For more information about the
concepts and statistical methodology used in these two surveys, see the Technical Note.
Household Survey Data
The unemployment rate edged down to 3.7 percent in November, and the number of unemployed
persons showed little change at 6.3 million. (See table A-1.)

Among the major worker groups, the unemployment rate for teenagers (11.4 percent) edged down in
November. The jobless rates for adult men (3.7 percent), adult women (3.1 percent), Whites (3.3
percent), Blacks (5.8 percent), Asians (3.5 percent), and Hispanics (4.6 percent) showed little or no
change over the month. (See tables A-1, A-2, and A-3.)
In November, the number of long-term unemployed (those jobless for 27 weeks or more) edged down
to 1.2 million. These individuals accounted for 18.3 percent of all unemployed persons. (See table
A-12.)
The employment-population ratio increased by 0.3 percentage point to 60.5 percent in November. The
labor force participation rate was little changed at 62.8 percent and has been essentially flat since
August. (See table A-1.)
The number of persons employed part time for economic reasons decreased by 295,000 to 4.0 million
in November. These individuals, who would have preferred full-time employment, were working part
time because their hours had been reduced or they were unable to find full-time jobs. (See table A-8.)
In November, the number of persons not in the labor force who currently want a job was 5.3 million,
little different from the prior month. These individuals were not counted as unemployed because they
were not actively looking for work during the 4 weeks preceding the survey or were unavailable to take
a job. (See table A-1.)
Among those not in the labor force who wanted a job, the number of persons marginally attached to
the labor force changed little at 1.6 million in November. These individuals wanted and were available
for work and had looked for a job sometime in the prior 12 months but had not looked for work in the 4
weeks preceding the survey. The number of discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached
who believed that no jobs were available for them, was 421,000 in November, essentially unchanged
from the previous month. (See Summary table A.)
Establishment Survey Data
Total nonfarm payroll employment increased by 199,000 in November. Employment growth is below
the average monthly gain of 240,000 over the prior 12 months but is in line with job growth in recent
months. In November, job gains occurred in health care and government. Employment also increased in
manufacturing, reflecting the return of workers from a strike. Employment in retail trade declined. (See
table B-1.)
In November, health care added 77,000 jobs, above the average monthly gain of 54,000 over the prior
12 months. Over the month, job gains continued in ambulatory health care services (+36,000), hospitals
(+24,000), and nursing and residential care facilities (+17,000).
Government employment increased by 49,000 in November, in line with the average monthly gain of
55,000 over the prior 12 months. Employment continued to trend up in local government (+32,000) and
state government (+17,000) over the month.
Employment in manufacturing rose by 28,000 in November, reflecting an increase of 30,000 in motor
vehicles and parts as workers returned from a strike. Employment in manufacturing has shown little net
change over the year.

-2-

In November, employment in leisure and hospitality continued to trend up (+40,000), almost entirely
in food services and drinking places. Leisure and hospitality had added an average of 51,000 jobs per
month over the prior 12 months.
Employment in social assistance continued to trend up in November (+16,000). The industry had added
an average of 23,000 jobs per month over the prior 12 months. Over the month, employment continued
to trend up in individual and family services (+9,000).
Retail trade employment declined by 38,000 in November and has shown little net change over the
year. Employment decreased in department stores (-19,000) and in furniture, home furnishings,
electronics, and appliance retailers (-6,000) over the month.
In November, employment in information changed little (+10,000). Motion picture and sound recording
industries added 17,000 jobs, mostly reflecting the resolution of labor disputes in the industry. Overall,
employment in the information industry has declined by 104,000 since reaching a peak in November
2022.
Employment in transportation and warehousing changed little in November (-5,000). A job loss in
warehousing and storage (-8,000) was partially offset by a gain in air transportation (+4,000).
Employment in transportation and warehousing has declined by 61,000 since a peak in October 2022.
Employment showed little change over the month in other major industries, including mining,
quarrying, and oil and gas extraction; construction; wholesale trade; financial activities;
professional and business services; and other services.
In November, average hourly earnings for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls rose by 12 cents,
or 0.4 percent, to $34.10. Over the past 12 months, average hourly earnings have increased by 4.0
percent. In November, average hourly earnings of private-sector production and nonsupervisory
employees rose by 12 cents, or 0.4 percent, to $29.30. (See tables B-3 and B-8.)
The average workweek for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 34.4
hours in November. In manufacturing, the average workweek was unchanged at 40.0 hours, and
overtime remained at 2.9 hours. The average workweek for production and nonsupervisory
employees on private nonfarm payrolls edged up by 0.1 hour to 33.8 hours. (See tables B-2 and B-7.)
The change in total nonfarm payroll employment for September was revised down by 35,000, from
+297,000 to +262,000, and the change for October remained at +150,000. With these revisions,
employment in September and October combined is 35,000 lower than previously reported. (Monthly
revisions result from additional reports received from businesses and government agencies since the last
published estimates and from the recalculation of seasonal factors.)
_____________
The Employment Situation for December is scheduled to be released on Friday, January 5, 2024,
at 8:30 a.m. (ET).

-3-

Revision of Seasonally Adjusted Household Survey Data
In accordance with usual practice, The Employment Situation news release for December 2023,
scheduled for January 5, 2024, will incorporate annual revisions in seasonally adjusted household survey
data. Seasonally adjusted data for the most recent 5 years are subject to revision.

-4-

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Summary table A. Household data, seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Category

Nov.
2022

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023

Change from:
Oct. 2023Nov. 2023

Nov.
2023

Employment status
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force.......................................................... .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed.................................................................. .
Employment-population ratio......................................... .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

264,708
164,527
62.2
158,527
59.9
6,000
3.6
100,181

267,428
167,929
62.8
161,570
60.4
6,360
3.8
99,498

267,642
167,728
62.7
161,222
60.2
6,506
3.9
99,914

267,822
168,260
62.8
161,969
60.5
6,291
3.7
99,562

180
532
0.1
747
0.3
-215
-0.2
-352

Unemployment rates
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult men (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Adult women (20 years and over). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Teenagers (16 to 19 years). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
White. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Black or African American. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Asian. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hispanic or Latino ethnicity................................................ .

3.6
3.3
3.3
11.3
3.3
5.7
2.6
4.0

3.8
3.8
3.1
11.6
3.4
5.7
2.8
4.6

3.9
3.7
3.3
13.2
3.5
5.8
3.1
4.8

3.7
3.7
3.1
11.4
3.3
5.8
3.5
4.6

-0.2
0.0
-0.2
-1.8
-0.2
0.0
0.4
-0.2

Total, 25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Less than a high school diploma. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
High school graduates, no college. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Some college or associate degree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Bachelor’s degree and higher............................................. .

3.0
4.4
3.9
3.2
2.0

3.1
5.5
4.1
3.0
2.1

3.1
5.8
4.0
3.1
2.1

3.1
6.3
4.1
2.8
2.1

0.0
0.5
0.1
-0.3
0.0

Reason for unemployment
Job losers and persons who completed temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers..................................................................... .
Reentrants...................................................................... .
New entrants................................................................... .

2,761
829
1,798
558

2,858
797
2,043
568

3,059
800
1,884
612

3,100
820
1,782
571

41
20
-102
-41

Duration of unemployment
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks.................................................................. .
15 to 26 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
27 weeks and over............................................................ .

2,244
1,694
821
1,215

2,051
2,044
1,072
1,216

2,268
1,836
1,081
1,282

2,068
2,080
994
1,150

-200
244
-87
-132

Employed persons at work part time
Part time for economic reasons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons......................................... .

3,688
2,546
826
21,226

4,065
2,793
938
22,152

4,283
2,982
1,002
21,539

3,988
2,793
932
21,862

-295
-189
-70
323

Persons not in the labor force
Marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers....................................................... .

1,491
406

1,457
367

1,417
416

1,585
421

168
5

NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will
not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced
annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Summary table B. Establishment data, seasonally adjusted
Category

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

EMPLOYMENT BY SELECTED INDUSTRY
(Over-the-month change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicles and parts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private education and health services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

290
228
41
8
19
14
14
5.7
0
187
-0.4
-45.6
-37.1
-0.9
13
11
0
-48.5
95
82.6
123
29
62

262
199
21
1
9
11
10
9.2
1
178
15.6
1.7
12.4
2.0
-6
0
-17
-22.3
86
85.6
76
8
63

150
85
-10
0
25
-35
-34
-32.0
-1
95
11.2
-4.7
-12.4
0.6
-19
-5
2
0.2
83
75.1
42
-3
65

199
150
29
-1
2
28
36
30.0
-8
121
8.3
-38.4
-5.0
0.1
10
4
-9
-13.6
99
93.2
40
12
49

(3-month average change, in thousands)
Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

321
290

221
153

192
133

204
145

WOMEN AND PRODUCTION AND NONSUPERVISORY EMPLOYEES
AS A PERCENT OF ALL EMPLOYEES2
Total nonfarm women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private women employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private production and nonsupervisory employees. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
HOURS AND EARNINGS
ALL EMPLOYEES
Total private
Average weekly hours. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average hourly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Average weekly earnings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly hours (2007=100)3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Index of aggregate weekly payrolls (2007=100)4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Over-the-month percent change. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
DIFFUSION INDEX
(Over 1-month span)5
Total private (250 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing (72 industries). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Nov.
2022

49.8
48.4
81.4

34.5
$32.80
$1,131.60
114.3
-0.1
179.2
0.3

63.4
59.7

49.8
48.4
81.4

34.4
$33.91
$1,166.50
115.6
0.2
187.4
0.4

57.8
47.2

49.9
48.4
81.4

34.3
$33.98
$1,165.51
115.4
-0.2
187.4
0.0

52.2
44.4

49.9
48.4
81.4

34.4
$34.10
$1,173.04
115.8
0.3
188.8
0.7

54.6
48.6

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory employees in the
service-providing industries.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding annual average aggregate
hours.
4
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the corresponding annual average
aggregate weekly payrolls.
5
Figures are the percent of industries with employment increasing plus one-half of the industries with unchanged employment, where 50 percent indicates an equal
balance between industries with increasing and decreasing employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

Frequently Asked Questions about Employment and Unemployment Estimates
1. Why are there two monthly measures of employment?
The household survey and establishment survey both produce sample-based estimates of
employment, and both have strengths and limitations. The establishment survey employment series
has a smaller margin of error on the measurement of month-to-month change than the household
survey because of its much larger sample size. An over-the-month employment change of about
130,000 is statistically significant in the establishment survey, while the threshold for a statistically
significant change in the household survey is about 600,000. However, the household survey has a
more expansive scope than the establishment survey because it includes self-employed workers
whose businesses are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, agricultural workers, and private
household workers, who are excluded by the establishment survey. The household survey also
provides estimates of employment for demographic groups. For more information on the differences
between the two surveys, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/ces_cps_trends.htm.
2. Are undocumented immigrants counted in the surveys?
It is likely that both surveys include at least some undocumented immigrants. However, neither the
establishment nor the household survey is designed to identify the legal status of workers. Therefore,
it is not possible to determine how many are counted in either survey. The establishment survey does
not collect data on the legal status of workers. The household survey does include questions which
identify the foreign and native born, but it does not include questions about the legal status of the
foreign born. Data on the foreign and native born are published each month in table A-7 of The
Employment Situation news release.
3. Why does the establishment survey have revisions?
The establishment survey revises published estimates to improve its data series by incorporating
additional information that was not available at the time of the initial publication of the estimates.
The establishment survey revises its initial monthly estimates twice, in the immediately succeeding
2 months, to incorporate additional sample receipts from respondents in the survey and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. For more information on the monthly revisions, please visit
www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cestn.htm#section7.
On an annual basis, the establishment survey incorporates a benchmark revision that re-anchors
estimates to nearly complete employment counts available from unemployment insurance tax
records. The benchmark helps to control for sampling and modeling errors in the estimates. For more
information on the annual benchmark revision, please visit www.bls.gov/web/empsit/cesbmart.htm.
4. Does the establishment survey sample include small firms?
Yes; about 40 percent of the establishment survey sample is comprised of business establishments
with fewer than 20 employees. The establishment survey sample is designed to maximize the
reliability of the statewide total nonfarm employment estimate; firms from all states, size classes, and
industries are appropriately sampled to achieve that goal.

5. Does the establishment survey account for employment from new businesses?
Yes; monthly establishment survey estimates include an adjustment to account for the net
employment change generated by business births and deaths. The adjustment comes from an
econometric model that forecasts the monthly net jobs impact of business births and deaths based
on the actual past values of the net impact that can be observed with a lag from the Quarterly Census
of Employment and Wages. The establishment survey uses modeling rather than sampling for this
purpose because the survey is not immediately able to bring new businesses into the sample. There
is an unavoidable lag between the birth of a new firm and its appearance on the sampling frame and
availability for selection. BLS adds new businesses to the survey twice a year.
6. Is the count of unemployed persons limited to just those people receiving unemployment
insurance benefits?
No; the estimate of unemployment is based on a monthly sample survey of households. All persons
who are without jobs and are actively seeking and available to work are included among the
unemployed. (People on temporary layoff are included even if they do not actively seek work.) There
is no requirement or question relating to unemployment insurance benefits in the monthly survey.
7. Does the official unemployment rate exclude people who want a job but are not currently
looking for work?
Yes; however, there are separate estimates of persons outside the labor force who want a job,
including those who are not currently looking because they believe no jobs are available (discouraged
workers). In addition, alternative measures of labor underutilization (some of which include
discouraged workers and other groups not officially counted as unemployed) are published each
month in table A-15 of The Employment Situation news release. For more information about these
alternative measures, please visit www.bls.gov/cps/lfcharacteristics.htm#altmeasures.
8. How can unusually severe weather affect employment and hours estimates?
In the establishment survey, the reference period is the pay period that includes the 12th of the
month. Unusually severe weather is more likely to have an impact on average weekly hours than
on employment. Average weekly hours are estimated for paid time during the pay period, including
pay for holidays, sick leave, or other time off. The impact of severe weather on hours estimates
typically, but not always, results in a reduction in average weekly hours. For example, some
employees may be off work for part of the pay period and not receive pay for the time missed,
while some workers, such as those dealing with cleanup or repair, may work extra hours.
Typically, it is not possible to precisely quantify the effect of extreme weather on payroll
employment estimates. In order for severe weather conditions to reduce employment estimates,
employees have to be off work without pay for the entire pay period. Employees
who receive pay for any part of the pay period, even 1 hour, are counted in the payroll
employment figures. For more information on how often employees are paid, please visit
www.bls.gov/ces/publications/length-pay-period.htm.
In the household survey, the reference period is generally the calendar week that includes the 12th
of the month. Persons who miss the entire week's work for weather-related events are counted as
employed whether or not they are paid for the time off. The household survey collects data on the
number of persons who had a job but were not at work due to bad weather. It also provides a measure
of the number of persons who usually work full time but had reduced hours due to bad weather.
Current and historical data are available on the household survey's most requested statistics page,
please visit data.bls.gov/cgi-bin/surveymost?ln.

Technical Note
This news release presents statistics from two major
surveys, the Current Population Survey (CPS; household
survey) and the Current Employment Statistics survey (CES;
establishment survey). The household survey provides
information on the labor force, employment, and
unemployment that appears in the "A" tables, marked
HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000
eligible households conducted by the U.S. Census Bureau for
the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS).
The establishment survey provides information on
employment, hours, and earnings of employees on nonfarm
payrolls; the data appear in the "B" tables, marked
ESTABLISHMENT DATA. BLS collects these data each
month from the payroll records of a sample of
nonagricultural business establishments. Each month the
CES program surveys about 122,000 businesses and
government agencies, representing approximately 666,000
individual worksites, in order to provide detailed industry
data on employment, hours, and earnings of workers on
nonfarm payrolls. The active sample includes approximately
one-third of all nonfarm payroll jobs.
For both surveys, the data for a given month relate to a
particular week or pay period. In the household survey, the
reference period is generally the calendar week that contains
the 12th day of the month. In the establishment survey, the
reference period is the pay period including the 12th, which
may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week.

unemployment rate is the number unemployed as a percent
of the labor force. The labor force participation rate is the
labor force as a percent of the population, and
the employment-population ratio is the employed as a
percent of the population. Additional information
about the household survey can be found at
www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm.

Coverage, definitions, and differences between surveys

Differences in employment estimates. The numerous
conceptual and methodological differences between the
household and establishment surveys result in important
distinctions in the employment estimates derived from the
surveys. Among these are:

Household survey. The sample is selected to reflect
the entire civilian noninstitutional population. Based on
responses to a series of questions on work and job search
activities, each person 16 years and over in a sample
household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force.
People are classified as employed if they did any work
at all as paid employees during the reference week; worked
in their own business, profession, or on their own farm; or
worked without pay at least 15 hours in a family business or
farm. People are also counted as employed if they were
temporarily absent from their jobs because of illness, bad
weather, vacation, labor-management disputes, or personal
reasons.
People are classified as unemployed if they meet all of
the following criteria: they had no employment during the
reference week; they were available for work at that time;
and they made specific active efforts to find employment
sometime during the 4-week period ending with the
reference week. Persons laid off from a job and expecting
recall need not be looking for work to be counted as
unemployed. The unemployment data derived from the
household survey in no way depend upon the eligibility for
or receipt of unemployment insurance benefits.
The civilian labor force is the sum of employed and
unemployed persons. Those persons not classified as
employed or unemployed are not in the labor force. The

Establishment survey. The sample establishments are
drawn from private nonfarm businesses such as factories,
offices, and stores, as well as from federal, state, and local
government entities. Employees on nonfarm payrolls are
those who worked or received pay for any part of the
reference pay period, including persons on paid leave.
Persons are counted in each job they hold. Hours and
earnings data are produced for the private sector for all
employees and for production and nonsupervisory
employees. Production and nonsupervisory employees are
defined as production and related employees in
manufacturing and mining and logging, construction
workers in construction, and non-supervisory employees in
private service-providing industries.
Industries are classified on the basis of an
establishment's principal activity in accordance with the
2022 version of the North American Industry Classification
System. Additional information about the establishment
survey can be found at www.bls.gov/ces/.

•

The household survey includes agricultural
workers, self-employed workers whose businesses
are unincorporated, unpaid family workers, and
private household workers among the employed.
These groups are excluded from the establishment
survey.

•

The household survey includes people on unpaid
leave among the employed. The establishment
survey does not.

•

The household survey is limited to workers 16 years
of age and older. The establishment survey is not
limited by age.

•

The household survey has no duplication of
individuals, because individuals are counted only
once, even if they hold more than one job. In the
establishment survey, employees working at more
than one job and thus appearing on more than one
payroll are counted separately for each appearance.

Seasonal adjustment

Reliability of the estimates

Over the course of a year, the size of the nation's labor
force and the levels of employment and unemployment
undergo regularly occurring fluctuations. These events may
result from seasonal changes in weather, major holidays, and
the opening and closing of schools. The effect of such
seasonal variation can be very large.
Because these seasonal events follow a more or less
regular pattern each year, their influence on the level of a
series can be tempered by adjusting for regular seasonal
variation.
These
adjustments
make
nonseasonal
developments, such as declines in employment or increases
in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to
spot. For example, in the household survey, the large number
of youth entering the labor force each June is likely to
obscure any other changes that have taken place relative to
May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic
activity has risen or declined. Similarly, in the establishment
survey, payroll employment in education declines by about
20 percent at the end of the spring term and later rises with
the start of the fall term, obscuring the underlying
employment trends in the industry. Because seasonal
employment changes at the end and beginning of the school
year can be estimated, the statistics can be adjusted to make
underlying employment patterns more discernable. The
seasonally adjusted figures provide a more useful tool with
which to analyze changes in month-to-month economic
activity.
Many seasonally adjusted series are independently
adjusted in both the household and establishment surveys.
However, the adjusted series for many major estimates, such
as total payroll employment, employment in most major
sectors, total employment, and unemployment are computed
by aggregating independently adjusted component series.
For example, total unemployment is derived by summing the
adjusted series for four major age-sex components; this
differs from the unemployment estimate that would be
obtained by directly adjusting the total or by combining the
duration, reasons, or more detailed age categories.
Percentage distributions of unemployment by reason and
duration are derived from the sum of the independently
seasonally adjusted component series and will not
necessarily match calculations made using the seasonally
adjusted total unemployment level. Additional information
about seasonal adjustment in the household survey can be
found at www.bls.gov/cps/documentation.htm#sa.
For both the household and establishment surveys, a
concurrent seasonal adjustment methodology is used in
which new seasonal factors are calculated each month using
all relevant data, up to and including the data for the current
month. In the household survey, new seasonal factors are
used to adjust only the current month's data. In the
establishment survey, however, new seasonal factors are
used each month to adjust the three most recent monthly
estimates. The prior 2 months are routinely revised to
incorporate additional sample reports and recalculated
seasonal adjustment factors. In both surveys, 5-year
revisions to historical data are made once a year.

Statistics based on the household and establishment
surveys are subject to both sampling and nonsampling error.
When a sample, rather than the entire population, is
surveyed, there is a chance that the sample estimates may
differ from the true population values they represent. The
component of this difference that occurs because samples
differ by chance is known as sampling error, and its
variability is measured by the standard error of the estimate.
There is about a 90-percent chance, or level of confidence,
that an estimate based on a sample will differ by no more
than 1.6 standard errors from the true population value
because of sampling error. BLS analyses are generally
conducted at the 90-percent level of confidence.
For example, the confidence interval for the monthly
change in total nonfarm employment from the establishment
survey is on the order of plus or minus 130,000. Suppose the
estimate of nonfarm employment increases by 50,000 from
one month to the next. The 90-percent confidence interval on
the monthly change would range from -80,000 to +180,000
(50,000 +/- 130,000). These figures do not mean that the
sample results are off by these magnitudes, but rather that
there is about a 90-percent chance that the true over-themonth change lies within this interval. Since this range
includes values of less than zero, we could not say with
confidence that nonfarm employment had, in fact, increased
that month. If, however, the reported nonfarm employment
rise was 250,000, then all of the values within the 90-percent
confidence interval would be greater than zero. In this case,
it is likely (at least a 90-percent chance) that nonfarm
employment had, in fact, risen that month. At an
unemployment rate of around 6.0 percent, the 90-percent
confidence interval for the monthly change in unemployment
as measured by the household survey is about +/- 300,000,
and for the monthly change in the unemployment rate it is
about +/- 0.2 percentage point.
In general, estimates involving many individuals or
establishments have lower standard errors (relative to the
size of the estimate) than estimates which are based on a
small number of observations. The precision of estimates
also is improved when the data are cumulated over time, such
as for quarterly and annual averages.
The household and establishment surveys are also
affected by nonsampling error, which can occur for many
reasons, including the failure to sample a segment of the
population, inability to obtain information for all respondents
in the sample, inability or unwillingness of respondents to
provide correct information on a timely basis, mistakes made
by respondents, and errors made in the collection or
processing of the data.
For example, in the establishment survey, estimates for
the most recent 2 months are based on incomplete returns;
for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the
tables. It is only after two successive revisions to a monthly
estimate, when nearly all sample reports have been received,
that the estimate is considered final.
Another major source of nonsampling error in the
establishment survey is the inability to capture, on a timely

basis, employment generated by new firms. To correct for
this systematic underestimation of employment growth, an
estimation procedure with two components is used to
account for business births. The first component excludes
employment losses from business deaths from sample-based
estimation in order to offset the missing employment gains
from business births. This is incorporated into the samplebased estimation procedure by simply not reflecting sample
units going out of business, but imputing to them the same
employment trend as the other firms in the sample. This
procedure accounts for most of the net birth/death
employment.
The second component is an ARIMA time series model
designed to estimate the residual net birth/death employment
not accounted for by the imputation. The historical time
series used to create and test the ARIMA model was derived
from the unemployment insurance universe micro-level
database, and reflects the actual residual net of births and
deaths over the past 5 years.

The sample-based estimates from the establishment
survey are adjusted once a year (on a lagged basis) to
universe counts of payroll employment obtained from
administrative records of the unemployment insurance
program. The difference between the March sample-based
employment estimates and the March universe counts is
known as a benchmark revision, and serves as a rough proxy
for total survey error. The new benchmarks also incorporate
changes in the classification of industries. Over the past
decade, absolute benchmark revisions for total nonfarm
employment have averaged 0.1 percent, with a range from
-0.3 percent to 0.3 percent.
Other information
If you are deaf, hard of hearing, or have a speech
disability, please dial 7-1-1 to access telecommunications
relay services.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the civilian population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

Nov.
2022

Oct.
2023

Nov.
2023

Nov.
2022

July
2023

Aug.
2023

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023

Nov.
2023

TOTAL
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

264,708
164,272
62.1
158,749
60.0
5,523
3.4
100,436
5,211

267,642
167,774
62.7
161,676
60.4
6,098
3.6
99,868
5,037

267,822
167,977
62.7
162,149
60.5
5,827
3.5
99,845
5,006

264,708
164,527
62.2
158,527
59.9
6,000
3.6
100,181
5,528

267,002
167,103
62.6
161,262
60.4
5,841
3.5
99,899
5,247

267,213
167,839
62.8
161,484
60.4
6,355
3.8
99,374
5,370

267,428
167,929
62.8
161,570
60.4
6,360
3.8
99,498
5,450

267,642
167,728
62.7
161,222
60.2
6,506
3.9
99,914
5,373

267,822
168,260
62.8
161,969
60.5
6,291
3.7
99,562
5,324

Men, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

128,983
87,441
67.8
84,455
65.5
2,986
3.4
41,542

130,816
88,730
67.8
85,384
65.3
3,345
3.8
42,087

130,903
89,258
68.2
85,910
65.6
3,347
3.8
41,646

128,983
87,793
68.1
84,557
65.6
3,236
3.7
41,189

130,507
88,695
68.0
85,492
65.5
3,203
3.6
41,811

130,608
89,082
68.2
85,493
65.5
3,589
4.0
41,527

130,713
89,331
68.3
85,633
65.5
3,697
4.1
41,382

130,816
88,871
67.9
85,217
65.1
3,654
4.1
41,945

130,903
89,592
68.4
86,010
65.7
3,582
4.0
41,312

Men, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

120,301
84,329
70.1
81,731
67.9
2,598
3.1
35,972

122,029
85,542
70.1
82,663
67.7
2,879
3.4
36,487

122,111
86,094
70.5
83,128
68.1
2,966
3.4
36,017

120,301
84,525
70.3
81,698
67.9
2,827
3.3
35,776

121,735
85,739
70.4
82,922
68.1
2,817
3.3
35,997

121,832
85,934
70.5
82,777
67.9
3,157
3.7
35,898

121,931
86,130
70.6
82,837
67.9
3,293
3.8
35,801

122,029
85,597
70.1
82,423
67.5
3,174
3.7
36,432

122,111
86,293
70.7
83,114
68.1
3,179
3.7
35,817

Women, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

135,725
76,831
56.6
74,294
54.7
2,537
3.3
58,894

136,826
79,045
57.8
76,292
55.8
2,753
3.5
57,781

136,919
78,719
57.5
76,239
55.7
2,480
3.2
58,199

135,725
76,734
56.5
73,970
54.5
2,764
3.6
58,991

136,496
78,408
57.4
75,769
55.5
2,638
3.4
58,088

136,605
78,757
57.7
75,991
55.6
2,766
3.5
57,847

136,715
78,599
57.5
75,936
55.5
2,662
3.4
58,116

136,826
78,857
57.6
76,005
55.5
2,852
3.6
57,969

136,919
78,668
57.5
75,959
55.5
2,709
3.4
58,251

Women, 20 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

127,283
73,766
58.0
71,516
56.2
2,250
3.1
53,517

128,342
75,888
59.1
73,499
57.3
2,390
3.1
52,454

128,430
75,681
58.9
73,504
57.2
2,177
2.9
52,749

127,283
73,532
57.8
71,088
55.9
2,444
3.3
53,750

128,028
75,205
58.7
72,877
56.9
2,328
3.1
52,822

128,132
75,541
59.0
73,121
57.1
2,419
3.2
52,591

128,237
75,497
58.9
73,163
57.1
2,334
3.1
52,740

128,342
75,584
58.9
73,115
57.0
2,469
3.3
52,759

128,430
75,493
58.8
73,122
56.9
2,371
3.1
52,937

Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

17,124
6,177
36.1
5,502
32.1
675
10.9
10,947

17,270
6,344
36.7
5,514
31.9
830
13.1
10,927

17,281
6,202
35.9
5,517
31.9
685
11.0
11,079

17,124
6,469
37.8
5,740
33.5
729
11.3
10,655

17,239
6,159
35.7
5,462
31.7
696
11.3
11,080

17,249
6,365
36.9
5,586
32.4
779
12.2
10,885

17,260
6,303
36.5
5,570
32.3
733
11.6
10,957

17,270
6,547
37.9
5,685
32.9
863
13.2
10,723

17,281
6,473
37.5
5,733
33.2
740
11.4
10,808

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age

WHITE
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
BLACK OR AFRICAN AMERICAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

Nov.
2022

Oct.
2023

Nov.
2023

Nov.
2022

July
2023

Aug.
2023

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023

Nov.
2023

203,617
125,707
61.7
121,967
59.9
3,741
3.0
77,910

204,867
127,686
62.3
123,623
60.3
4,063
3.2
77,181

204,949
127,720
62.3
123,849
60.4
3,871
3.0
77,229

203,617
125,902
61.8
121,807
59.8
4,094
3.3
77,716

204,536
127,329
62.3
123,393
60.3
3,936
3.1
77,207

204,645
127,976
62.5
123,571
60.4
4,405
3.4
76,669

204,756
127,829
62.4
123,456
60.3
4,373
3.4
76,926

204,867
127,651
62.3
123,220
60.1
4,431
3.5
77,216

204,949
127,892
62.4
123,671
60.3
4,221
3.3
77,058

65,590
69.8
63,771
67.9
1,819
2.8

66,334
70.0
64,359
67.9
1,975
3.0

66,627
70.2
64,660
68.2
1,967
3.0

65,759
70.0
63,767
67.9
1,992
3.0

66,414
70.2
64,423
68.0
1,991
3.0

66,565
70.3
64,324
67.9
2,241
3.4

66,643
70.3
64,321
67.9
2,322
3.5

66,360
70.0
64,135
67.6
2,225
3.4

66,762
70.4
64,628
68.1
2,134
3.2

55,381
57.0
53,910
55.5
1,471
2.7

56,501
57.9
55,002
56.4
1,498
2.7

56,373
57.8
54,995
56.4
1,378
2.4

55,174
56.8
53,562
55.1
1,611
2.9

56,188
57.7
54,690
56.2
1,498
2.7

56,451
58.0
54,826
56.3
1,625
2.9

56,401
57.9
54,810
56.2
1,591
2.8

56,255
57.7
54,662
56.1
1,593
2.8

56,178
57.6
54,658
56.0
1,520
2.7

4,736
37.9
4,286
34.3
450
9.5

4,851
38.7
4,262
34.0
589
12.1

4,720
37.7
4,194
33.5
526
11.1

4,969
39.7
4,478
35.8
491
9.9

4,727
37.8
4,281
34.2
447
9.5

4,960
39.6
4,421
35.3
539
10.9

4,785
38.2
4,324
34.5
460
9.6

5,036
40.2
4,423
35.3
613
12.2

4,951
39.5
4,385
35.0
566
11.4

34,272
21,354
62.3
20,203
59.0
1,151
5.4
12,917

34,788
21,996
63.2
20,716
59.5
1,281
5.8
12,792

34,821
22,149
63.6
20,924
60.1
1,225
5.5
12,672

34,272
21,365
62.3
20,139
58.8
1,226
5.7
12,907

34,678
21,751
62.7
20,496
59.1
1,255
5.8
12,927

34,714
21,746
62.6
20,596
59.3
1,150
5.3
12,969

34,751
21,868
62.9
20,616
59.3
1,253
5.7
12,883

34,788
21,871
62.9
20,601
59.2
1,270
5.8
12,918

34,821
22,157
63.6
20,865
59.9
1,292
5.8
12,664

9,935
68.2
9,433
64.7
502
5.1

10,063
67.8
9,547
64.3
516
5.1

10,279
69.1
9,651
64.9
628
6.1

9,947
68.3
9,408
64.6
539
5.4

10,114
68.3
9,576
64.7
538
5.3

10,131
68.4
9,620
64.9
511
5.0

10,185
68.6
9,611
64.8
574
5.6

10,025
67.5
9,494
63.9
531
5.3

10,290
69.2
9,633
64.8
657
6.4

10,660
62.0
10,133
58.9
527
4.9

11,148
64.1
10,517
60.5
630
5.7

11,086
63.7
10,575
60.8
511
4.6

10,633
61.8
10,077
58.6
556
5.2

10,922
63.0
10,353
59.7
569
5.2

10,872
62.7
10,359
59.7
514
4.7

10,873
62.6
10,389
59.8
485
4.5

11,055
63.6
10,464
60.2
590
5.3

11,060
63.6
10,523
60.5
536
4.8

759
30.4
637
25.5
122
16.0

786
30.8
651
25.5
135
17.2

784
30.7
698
27.3
85
10.9

785
31.4
654
26.2
131
16.7

715
28.2
568
22.3
148
20.7

742
29.2
617
24.3
125
16.9

810
31.8
616
24.2
194
24.0

791
31.0
642
25.2
148
18.8

807
31.6
708
27.7
99
12.2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-2. Employment status of the civilian population by race, sex, and age — Continued
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, race, sex, and age
ASIAN
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Nov.
2022
16,980
10,968
64.6
10,686
62.9
282
2.6
6,011

Oct.
2023
17,593
11,443
65.0
11,094
63.1
349
3.1
6,150

Nov.
2023
17,769
11,494
64.7
11,096
62.4
398
3.5
6,275

Nov.
2022
16,980
10,995
64.8
10,704
63.0
291
2.6
5,984

July
2023
17,600
11,556
65.7
11,288
64.1
267
2.3
6,044

Aug.
2023
17,515
11,486
65.6
11,131
63.6
355
3.1
6,029

Sept.
2023
17,633
11,580
65.7
11,250
63.8
330
2.8
6,053

Oct.
2023
17,593
11,480
65.3
11,129
63.3
351
3.1
6,112

1
The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted columns.
NOTE: Estimates for the above race groups will not sum to totals shown in table A-1 because data are not presented for all races. Updated population controls are
introduced annually with the release of January data.

Nov.
2023
17,769
11,543
65.0
11,141
62.7
402
3.5
6,226

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-3. Employment status of the Hispanic or Latino population by sex and age
[Numbers in thousands]
Seasonally adjusted1

Not seasonally adjusted
Employment status, sex, and age

HISPANIC OR LATINO ETHNICITY
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Men, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women, 20 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Both sexes, 16 to 19 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio.............. .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Nov.
2022

Oct.
2023

Nov.
2023

Nov.
2022

July
2023

Aug.
2023

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023

Nov.
2023

46,545
30,694
65.9
29,555
63.5
1,139
3.7
15,850

47,877
32,071
67.0
30,641
64.0
1,429
4.5
15,807

47,974
32,202
67.1
30,822
64.2
1,379
4.3
15,772

46,545
30,600
65.7
29,382
63.1
1,218
4.0
15,944

47,569
32,052
67.4
30,637
64.4
1,416
4.4
15,517

47,671
31,977
67.1
30,420
63.8
1,557
4.9
15,694

47,774
32,144
67.3
30,660
64.2
1,484
4.6
15,630

47,877
32,028
66.9
30,498
63.7
1,529
4.8
15,850

47,974
32,127
67.0
30,664
63.9
1,462
4.6
15,847

16,530
78.4
15,982
75.8
547
3.3

17,124
78.7
16,464
75.7
660
3.9

17,271
79.2
16,597
76.2
674
3.9

16,526
78.4
15,925
75.5
601
3.6

17,290
80.0
16,599
76.8
691
4.0

17,164
79.2
16,433
75.9
731
4.3

17,262
79.5
16,523
76.1
739
4.3

17,120
78.7
16,407
75.4
714
4.2

17,271
79.2
16,546
75.9
725
4.2

12,743
60.2
12,301
58.2
442
3.5

13,285
61.2
12,794
59.0
491
3.7

13,368
61.5
12,866
59.2
502
3.8

12,637
59.7
12,179
57.6
458
3.6

13,271
61.6
12,745
59.1
525
4.0

13,343
61.8
12,752
59.0
591
4.4

13,379
61.8
12,805
59.1
573
4.3

13,239
61.0
12,700
58.5
539
4.1

13,278
61.1
12,755
58.7
523
3.9

1,422
33.0
1,272
29.5
150
10.6

1,661
37.5
1,382
31.2
279
16.8

1,562
35.2
1,359
30.6
203
13.0

1,438
33.4
1,279
29.7
159
11.0

1,492
33.9
1,292
29.4
200
13.4

1,470
33.4
1,236
28.0
235
16.0

1,503
34.0
1,331
30.1
172
11.4

1,668
37.7
1,391
31.4
277
16.6

1,578
35.6
1,364
30.7
214
13.6

The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variation; therefore, identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally adjusted
columns.
NOTE: Persons whose ethnicity is identified as Hispanic or Latino may be of any race. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the
release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-4. Employment status of the civilian population 25 years and over by educational attainment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Educational attainment

Nov.
2022

Oct.
2023

Nov.
2023

Seasonally adjusted
Nov.
2022

July
2023

Aug.
2023

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023

Nov.
2023

Less than a high school diploma
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

8,944
45.8
8,603
44.0
341
3.8

9,176
47.3
8,725
45.0
451
4.9

9,549
48.5
8,992
45.7
557
5.8

8,901
45.6
8,506
43.5
395
4.4

8,926
47.7
8,459
45.2
467
5.2

9,239
47.6
8,743
45.0
496
5.4

9,185
46.9
8,683
44.4
501
5.5

9,299
47.9
8,764
45.2
535
5.8

9,496
48.3
8,894
45.2
602
6.3

High school graduates, no college1
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

35,227
55.8
33,902
53.7
1,325
3.8

35,758
57.1
34,377
54.9
1,381
3.9

35,817
57.4
34,413
55.1
1,404
3.9

35,192
55.7
33,816
53.5
1,377
3.9

35,980
56.5
34,763
54.6
1,217
3.4

36,243
56.5
34,851
54.4
1,391
3.8

36,205
56.8
34,722
54.5
1,484
4.1

35,624
56.9
34,197
54.6
1,427
4.0

35,808
57.4
34,350
55.0
1,458
4.1

Some college or associate degree
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

36,113
63.3
35,029
61.4
1,084
3.0

36,188
62.9
35,098
61.0
1,090
3.0

36,164
62.6
35,215
61.0
949
2.6

35,880
62.9
34,748
60.9
1,133
3.2

35,730
62.7
34,612
60.7
1,118
3.1

35,867
63.3
34,780
61.4
1,087
3.0

35,960
62.8
34,886
60.9
1,074
3.0

35,826
62.3
34,703
60.3
1,123
3.1

35,900
62.2
34,899
60.4
1,001
2.8

Bachelor’s degree and higher2
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

63,142
72.6
61,944
71.3
1,198
1.9

64,670
72.9
63,362
71.5
1,308
2.0

64,518
72.8
63,230
71.4
1,289
2.0

63,041
72.5
61,781
71.1
1,260
2.0

64,817
73.4
63,522
71.9
1,295
2.0

64,398
73.5
62,986
71.9
1,412
2.2

64,277
73.5
62,907
71.9
1,370
2.1

64,535
72.8
63,172
71.3
1,363
2.1

64,458
72.7
63,104
71.2
1,355
2.1

1

Includes persons with a high school diploma or equivalent.
Includes persons with bachelor’s, master’s, professional, and doctoral degrees.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals for those 25 years and over because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-5. Employment status of the civilian population 18 years and over by veteran status, period of service,
and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status, veteran status, and period of service

Nov.
2022

Men
Nov.
2023

Nov.
2022

Women
Nov.
2023

Nov.
2022

Nov.
2023

VETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

18,271
8,709
47.7
8,468
46.3
241
2.8
9,562

17,754
8,699
49.0
8,456
47.6
243
2.8
9,055

16,238
7,522
46.3
7,302
45.0
220
2.9
8,716

15,713
7,495
47.7
7,293
46.4
202
2.7
8,218

2,033
1,187
58.4
1,166
57.4
21
1.8
846

2,041
1,204
59.0
1,163
57.0
42
3.5
837

Gulf War-era II veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

5,026
4,016
79.9
3,895
77.5
121
3.0
1,009

5,186
4,163
80.3
4,035
77.8
128
3.1
1,023

4,082
3,298
80.8
3,190
78.2
107
3.3
784

4,226
3,423
81.0
3,330
78.8
93
2.7
802

944
719
76.1
704
74.6
14
2.0
225

960
740
77.0
705
73.4
35
4.7
220

Gulf War-era I veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,169
2,178
68.7
2,134
67.3
45
2.0
991

2,863
2,101
73.4
2,053
71.7
47
2.3
762

2,732
1,911
69.9
1,866
68.3
45
2.3
821

2,443
1,808
74.0
1,760
72.1
47
2.6
635

437
268
61.2
268
61.2
0
0.0
170

420
293
69.7
293
69.7
0
0.0
127

World War II, Korean War, and Vietnam-era veterans
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,130
911
14.9
869
14.2
42
4.6
5,219

5,832
770
13.2
747
12.8
23
3.0
5,062

5,886
869
14.8
832
14.1
37
4.2
5,017

5,587
756
13.5
733
13.1
22
2.9
4,831

244
42
17.1
37
15.2
5
–
202

245
14
5.9
13
5.5
1
–
231

Veterans of other service periods
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,946
1,604
40.7
1,570
39.8
34
2.1
2,342

3,873
1,665
43.0
1,621
41.8
45
2.7
2,208

3,538
1,445
40.8
1,413
39.9
32
2.2
2,093

3,457
1,508
43.6
1,469
42.5
39
2.6
1,949

408
159
39.1
157
38.6
2
1.3
249

416
157
37.8
152
36.5
6
3.6
259

NONVETERANS, 18 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployment rate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not in labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

237,100
153,130
64.6
148,117
62.5
5,013
3.3
83,970

240,769
156,837
65.1
151,521
62.9
5,316
3.4
83,932

108,013
78,739
72.9
76,163
70.5
2,576
3.3
29,274

110,453
80,587
73.0
77,603
70.3
2,984
3.7
29,866

129,087
74,390
57.6
71,954
55.7
2,436
3.3
54,697

130,316
76,251
58.5
73,918
56.7
2,332
3.1
54,066

NOTE: Veterans served on active duty in the U.S. Armed Forces and were not on active duty at the time of the survey. Nonveterans never served on active duty in the
U.S. Armed Forces. Veterans could have served anywhere in the world during these periods of service: Gulf War era II (September 2001-present), Gulf War era I (August
1990-August 2001), Vietnam era (August 1964-April 1975), Korean War (July 1950-January 1955), World War II (December 1941-December 1946), and other service
periods (all other time periods). Veterans who served in more than one wartime period are classified only in the most recent one. Veterans who served during one of the
selected wartime periods and another period are classified only in the wartime period. Dash indicates no data or data that do not meet publication criteria (values not
shown where base is less than 75,000).

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-6. Employment status of the civilian population by sex, age, and disability status, not seasonally
adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Persons with a disability
Employment status, sex, and age

Nov.
2022

Nov.
2023

Persons with no disability
Nov.
2022

Nov.
2023

TOTAL, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population..................................................... .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

32,762
7,769
23.7
7,318
22.3
451
5.8
24,993

33,922
8,396
24.8
7,779
22.9
616
7.3
25,526

231,946
156,503
67.5
151,431
65.3
5,072
3.2
75,443

233,900
159,581
68.2
154,370
66.0
5,211
3.3
74,319

Men, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

3,183
39.3
2,974
36.7
209
6.6
4,926

3,526
42.7
3,169
38.4
357
10.1
4,722

78,099
82.5
75,521
79.8
2,578
3.3
16,580

79,430
82.8
76,623
79.9
2,806
3.5
16,509

Women, 16 to 64 years
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

3,161
38.4
2,988
36.3
173
5.5
5,078

3,482
40.4
3,291
38.1
191
5.5
5,146

68,744
71.5
66,526
69.2
2,218
3.2
27,455

70,008
72.9
67,883
70.7
2,125
3.0
26,064

Both sexes, 65 years and over
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate.................................................................... .
Employed............................................................................ .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed......................................................................... .
Unemployment rate.............................................................. .
Not in labor force...................................................................... .

1,425
8.7
1,356
8.3
68
4.8
14,989

1,388
8.1
1,319
7.7
69
5.0
15,657

9,660
23.5
9,384
22.8
276
2.9
31,408

10,144
24.2
9,864
23.5
280
2.8
31,747

NOTE: A person with a disability has at least one of the following conditions: is deaf or has serious difficulty hearing; is blind or has serious difficulty
seeing even when wearing glasses; has serious difficulty concentrating, remembering, or making decisions because of a physical, mental, or
emotional condition; has serious difficulty walking or climbing stairs; has difficulty dressing or bathing; or has difficulty doing errands alone such as
visiting a doctor’s office or shopping because of a physical, mental, or emotional condition. Updated population controls are introduced annually with
the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Employment status of the civilian population by nativity and sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Employment status and nativity

Nov.
2022

Men
Nov.
2023

Nov.
2022

Women
Nov.
2023

Nov.
2022

Nov.
2023

Foreign born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

46,190
30,542
66.1
29,618
64.1
924
3.0
15,649

47,412
31,507
66.5
30,422
64.2
1,085
3.4
15,906

22,615
17,480
77.3
16,937
74.9
543
3.1
5,135

23,211
18,048
77.8
17,396
75.0
652
3.6
5,163

23,576
13,062
55.4
12,681
53.8
381
2.9
10,514

24,202
13,459
55.6
13,026
53.8
433
3.2
10,743

Native born, 16 years and over
Civilian noninstitutional population.................................. .
Civilian labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Participation rate................................................. .
Employed......................................................... .
Employment-population ratio. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Unemployed...................................................... .
Unemployment rate........................................... .
Not in labor force................................................... .

218,517
133,730
61.2
129,131
59.1
4,599
3.4
84,787

220,410
136,470
61.9
131,727
59.8
4,743
3.5
83,940

106,368
69,961
65.8
67,518
63.5
2,443
3.5
36,407

107,693
71,210
66.1
68,514
63.6
2,696
3.8
36,483

112,150
63,769
56.9
61,613
54.9
2,156
3.4
48,381

112,717
65,260
57.9
63,213
56.1
2,047
3.1
47,457

NOTE: The foreign born are those residing in the United States who were not U.S. citizens at birth. That is, they were born outside the United States
or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam, to parents neither of whom was a U.S. citizen. The native born are persons who were born
in the United States or one of its outlying areas such as Puerto Rico or Guam or who were born abroad of at least one parent who was a U.S. citizen.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employed persons by class of worker and part-time status
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Category

CLASS OF WORKER
Agriculture and related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wage and salary workers1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government.................................... .
Private industries.............................. .
Private households. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other industries............................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . .
Unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
PERSONS AT WORK PART TIME2
All industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonagricultural industries
Part time for economic reasons3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Slack work or business conditions. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Could only find part-time work. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part time for noneconomic reasons4. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Seasonally adjusted

Nov.
2022

Oct.
2023

Nov.
2023

Nov.
2022

July
2023

Aug.
2023

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023

Nov.
2023

2,191
1,472
695
24
156,558
147,532
21,189
126,344
671
125,673
8,979
46

2,283
1,519
719
45
159,393
150,305
21,741
128,564
768
127,796
9,054
34

2,234
1,535
683
16
159,916
150,878
22,072
128,807
771
128,035
9,011
26

2,228
1,492
715
–
156,344
147,381
21,084
126,468
–
125,819
8,970
–

2,261
1,519
688
–
159,099
149,974
21,161
128,778
–
128,166
8,814
–

2,296
1,559
695
–
159,321
150,217
21,199
128,891
–
128,282
8,809
–

2,303
1,571
693
–
159,388
150,090
21,601
128,821
–
128,209
9,033
–

2,207
1,463
707
–
159,299
150,154
21,655
128,699
–
128,076
8,943
–

2,272
1,553
701
–
159,868
150,798
21,891
129,077
–
128,371
8,998
–

3,580
2,463
815
22,062

3,973
2,790
964
22,008

3,871
2,700
911
22,662

3,688
2,546
826
21,226

4,000
2,717
1,014
21,971

4,221
2,799
1,021
21,975

4,065
2,793
938
22,152

4,283
2,982
1,002
21,539

3,988
2,793
932
21,862

3,498
2,415
812
21,671

3,923
2,754
958
21,649

3,796
2,654
903
22,210

3,623
2,497
819
20,844

3,913
2,657
1,012
21,539

4,110
2,757
1,021
21,522

3,991
2,752
929
21,723

4,182
2,944
995
21,175

3,927
2,745
921
21,427

Includes self-employed workers whose businesses are incorporated.
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the survey reference week and excludes employed persons who were absent from their jobs for
the entire week.
3
Refers to those who worked 1 to 34 hours during the reference week for an economic reason such as slack work or unfavorable business
conditions, inability to find full-time work, or seasonal declines in demand.
4
Refers to persons who usually work part time for noneconomic reasons such as childcare problems, family or personal obligations, school or
training, retirement or Social Security limits on earnings, and other reasons. This excludes persons who usually work full time but worked only 1 to
34 hours during the reference week for reasons such as vacations, holidays, illness, and bad weather.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.
2

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-9. Selected employment indicators
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Seasonally adjusted

Nov.
2022

Oct.
2023

Nov.
2023

Nov.
2022

July
2023

Aug.
2023

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023

Nov.
2023

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

158,749
5,502
2,164
3,338
153,247
13,769
139,478
101,922
35,304
34,919
31,699
37,555

161,676
5,514
2,162
3,352
156,162
14,600
141,562
103,741
35,939
35,625
32,177
37,821

162,149
5,517
2,172
3,345
156,632
14,781
141,851
103,930
35,953
35,832
32,145
37,921

158,527
5,740
2,241
3,500
152,787
13,759
138,845
101,400
35,073
34,777
31,550
37,446

161,262
5,462
2,083
3,353
155,799
14,559
141,160
103,539
36,168
35,379
31,992
37,620

161,484
5,586
2,098
3,461
155,898
14,606
141,194
103,531
35,974
35,478
32,080
37,663

161,570
5,570
2,119
3,427
156,000
14,676
141,293
103,537
35,940
35,518
32,079
37,756

161,222
5,685
2,161
3,517
155,537
14,550
140,911
103,299
35,778
35,491
32,030
37,612

161,969
5,733
2,238
3,513
156,236
14,780
141,254
103,468
35,779
35,691
31,997
37,786

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

84,455
2,724
991
1,734
81,731
7,049
74,682
54,331
18,655
18,813
16,863
20,351

85,384
2,721
1,054
1,667
82,663
7,238
75,426
55,191
19,037
19,099
17,055
20,235

85,910
2,783
1,014
1,769
83,128
7,406
75,722
55,420
19,144
19,149
17,127
20,302

84,557
2,859
1,059
1,809
81,698
7,071
74,451
54,119
18,548
18,761
16,810
20,332

85,492
2,570
943
1,606
82,922
7,435
75,462
55,358
19,338
19,103
16,917
20,104

85,493
2,716
1,009
1,668
82,777
7,369
75,297
55,300
19,215
19,053
17,032
19,997

85,633
2,797
1,060
1,720
82,837
7,310
75,466
55,291
19,114
19,120
17,057
20,175

85,217
2,794
1,069
1,725
82,423
7,252
75,100
54,997
18,956
19,045
16,997
20,103

86,010
2,896
1,074
1,844
83,114
7,445
75,525
55,267
19,084
19,112
17,071
20,259

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
35 to 44 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
45 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

74,294
2,778
1,173
1,605
71,516
6,721
64,795
47,591
16,649
16,106
14,836
17,204

76,292
2,793
1,108
1,685
73,499
7,363
66,136
48,550
16,902
16,526
15,122
17,586

76,239
2,735
1,158
1,577
73,504
7,375
66,129
48,510
16,809
16,683
15,017
17,619

73,970
2,881
1,182
1,691
71,088
6,688
64,394
47,281
16,525
16,016
14,740
17,113

75,769
2,892
1,140
1,746
72,877
7,125
65,697
48,181
16,830
16,276
15,075
17,516

75,991
2,870
1,089
1,793
73,121
7,237
65,897
48,232
16,759
16,425
15,048
17,665

75,936
2,773
1,059
1,708
73,163
7,366
65,827
48,245
16,826
16,398
15,022
17,582

76,005
2,890
1,092
1,792
73,115
7,298
65,811
48,302
16,822
16,447
15,033
17,509

75,959
2,837
1,164
1,668
73,122
7,335
65,729
48,202
16,695
16,580
14,927
17,527

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

46,014
36,617
9,832

45,960
37,130
9,963

46,384
37,118
9,916

45,988
36,322
–

45,886
37,413
–

45,911
37,430
–

46,357
37,279
–

45,990
37,077
–

46,310
36,906
–

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

132,154
26,595

134,824
26,853

134,634
27,515

132,300
26,115

134,274
27,153

134,189
27,185

134,167
27,336

134,493
26,666

134,840
27,005

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Percent of total employed. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,782
4.9

8,542
5.3

8,463
5.2

7,676
4.8

8,113
5.0

8,028
5.0

8,151
5.0

8,356
5.2

8,341
5.1

SELF-EMPLOYMENT
Self-employed workers, incorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,028
9,674

6,626
9,773

6,872
9,695

–
9,686

–
9,502

–
9,504

–
9,726

–
9,650

–
9,699

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to persons in opposite-sex
married couples only.
2
Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020,
referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an opposite-sex spouse.
3
Employed full-time workers are persons who usually work 35 hours or more per week.
4
Employed part-time workers are persons who usually work less than 35 hours per week.
- Data not available.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment of the various series.
Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-10. Selected unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
Characteristic

Number of
unemployed persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment rates

Nov.
2022

Oct.
2023

Nov.
2023

Nov.
2022

July
2023

Aug.
2023

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023

Nov.
2023

AGE AND SEX
Total, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,000
729
290
447
5,271
1,011
4,250
3,318
1,507
945
865
947

6,506
863
370
505
5,643
1,103
4,508
3,457
1,589
1,077
791
1,059

6,291
740
284
455
5,551
1,057
4,508
3,365
1,466
1,055
844
1,141

3.6
11.3
11.5
11.3
3.3
6.8
3.0
3.2
4.1
2.6
2.7
2.5

3.5
11.3
11.2
11.4
3.2
6.7
2.8
3.0
3.6
3.0
2.3
2.3

3.8
12.2
11.8
12.7
3.5
7.2
3.0
3.1
3.9
3.0
2.5
2.7

3.8
11.6
12.7
11.1
3.5
7.1
3.1
3.2
4.0
2.8
2.8
2.7

3.9
13.2
14.6
12.6
3.5
7.0
3.1
3.2
4.3
2.9
2.4
2.7

3.7
11.4
11.3
11.5
3.4
6.7
3.1
3.2
3.9
2.9
2.6
2.9

Men, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,236
409
195
222
2,827
588
2,243
1,701
795
459
447
542

3,654
480
206
289
3,174
621
2,533
1,973
938
584
450
560

3,582
402
161
245
3,179
577
2,629
1,946
848
631
467
683

3.7
12.5
15.6
10.9
3.3
7.7
2.9
3.0
4.1
2.4
2.6
2.6

3.6
13.0
13.2
12.9
3.3
7.2
2.9
3.1
3.8
2.8
2.6
2.2

4.0
13.7
12.0
15.3
3.7
8.4
3.1
3.2
3.9
3.0
2.7
2.8

4.1
12.6
15.2
11.4
3.8
8.4
3.3
3.6
4.6
3.0
3.1
2.5

4.1
14.7
16.2
14.3
3.7
7.9
3.3
3.5
4.7
3.0
2.6
2.7

4.0
12.2
13.1
11.7
3.7
7.2
3.4
3.4
4.3
3.2
2.7
3.3

Women, 16 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
16 to 19 years.................................... .
16 to 17 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
18 to 19 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
20 to 24 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 years and over............................. .
25 to 54 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
25 to 34 years............................ .
35 to 44 years............................ .
45 to 54 years............................ .
55 years and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,764
320
95
225
2,444
423
2,007
1,617
712
486
419
400

2,852
383
164
217
2,469
482
1,975
1,484
651
493
341
502

2,709
338
123
211
2,371
479
1,879
1,420
618
424
377
462

3.6
10.0
7.4
11.7
3.3
5.9
3.0
3.3
4.1
2.9
2.8
2.3

3.4
9.7
9.4
10.0
3.1
6.2
2.7
2.8
3.3
3.2
1.9
2.3

3.5
10.8
11.6
10.2
3.2
5.8
2.9
3.0
3.8
2.9
2.2
2.5

3.4
10.6
9.9
10.8
3.1
5.7
2.8
2.8
3.3
2.5
2.4
2.7

3.6
11.7
13.1
10.8
3.3
6.2
2.9
3.0
3.7
2.9
2.2
2.8

3.4
10.6
9.5
11.2
3.1
6.1
2.8
2.9
3.6
2.5
2.5
2.6

MARITAL STATUS
Married men, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Married women, spouse present1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Women who maintain families2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

921
752
507

942
798
485

966
767
495

2.0
2.0
4.9

1.7
2.0
4.5

2.0
2.1
4.9

2.1
2.2
4.0

2.0
2.1
4.6

2.0
2.0
4.8

FULL- OR PART-TIME STATUS
Full-time workers3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Part-time workers4. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

4,801
1,200

5,236
1,286

5,184
1,112

3.5
4.4

3.4
4.1

3.7
4.4

3.7
4.3

3.7
4.6

3.7
4.0

1

Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to persons in both opposite-sex and same-sex married couples. Prior to January 2020, referred to
persons in opposite-sex married couples only.
2
Data are not seasonally adjusted. Beginning with data for January 2020, refers to female householders residing with one or more family members,
but not a spouse of either sex. Prior to January 2020, referred to female householders residing with one or more family members, but not an
opposite-sex spouse.
3
Full-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work full time (35 hours or more per week) or are on layoff from full-time
jobs.
4
Part-time workers are unemployed persons who have expressed a desire to work part time (less than 35 hours per week) or are on layoff from
part-time jobs.
NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to totals because of the independent seasonal adjustment
of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-11. Unemployed persons by reason for unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Reason

Nov.
2022

Oct.
2023

Seasonally adjusted

Nov.
2023

Nov.
2022

July
2023

Aug.
2023

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023

Nov.
2023

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Permanent job losers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who completed temporary jobs. . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

2,487
608
1,879
1,293
585
818
1,688
530

2,744
572
2,172
1,617
555
823
1,895
636

2,816
720
2,096
1,536
560
810
1,660
541

2,761
806
1,956
1,351
605
829
1,798
558

2,620
667
1,953
1,372
581
852
1,853
503

2,914
789
2,125
1,538
587
801
1,930
597

2,858
781
2,077
1,441
636
797
2,043
568

3,059
873
2,186
1,605
581
800
1,884
612

3,100
892
2,209
1,629
580
820
1,782
571

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Not on temporary layoff. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

45.0
11.0
34.0
14.8
30.6
9.6

45.0
9.4
35.6
13.5
31.1
10.4

48.3
12.4
36.0
13.9
28.5
9.3

46.4
13.5
32.9
13.9
30.2
9.4

44.9
11.4
33.5
14.6
31.8
8.6

46.7
12.6
34.0
12.8
30.9
9.6

45.6
12.5
33.2
12.7
32.6
9.1

48.1
13.7
34.4
12.6
29.6
9.6

49.4
14.2
35.2
13.1
28.4
9.1

UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OF THE
CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE
Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Job leavers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Reentrants........................................... .
New entrants........................................ .

1.5
0.5
1.0
0.3

1.6
0.5
1.1
0.4

1.7
0.5
1.0
0.3

1.7
0.5
1.1
0.3

1.6
0.5
1.1
0.3

1.7
0.5
1.2
0.4

1.7
0.5
1.2
0.3

1.8
0.5
1.1
0.4

1.8
0.5
1.1
0.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-12. Unemployed persons by duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Duration

Nov.
2022

Oct.
2023

Nov.
2023

Seasonally adjusted
Nov.
2022

July
2023

Aug.
2023

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023

Nov.
2023

NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,051
1,562
1,910
716
1,194

2,104
1,726
2,268
975
1,292

1,873
1,939
2,016
897
1,119

2,244
1,694
2,036
821
1,215

2,004
1,698
2,161
997
1,164

2,221
1,877
2,298
1,002
1,296

2,051
2,044
2,288
1,072
1,216

2,268
1,836
2,363
1,081
1,282

2,068
2,080
2,145
994
1,150

Average (mean) duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Median duration, in weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

22.0
8.7

22.2
9.1

19.9
9.3

21.4
8.8

20.6
8.7

20.4
8.7

21.5
9.2

21.6
8.9

19.4
9.2

PERCENT DISTRIBUTION
Less than 5 weeks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
5 to 14 weeks....................................... .
15 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
15 to 26 weeks................................... .
27 weeks and over. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

37.1
28.3
34.6
13.0
21.6

34.5
28.3
37.2
16.0
21.2

32.1
33.3
34.6
15.4
19.2

37.6
28.4
34.1
13.7
20.3

34.2
29.0
36.9
17.0
19.9

34.7
29.3
35.9
15.7
20.3

32.1
32.0
35.8
16.8
19.1

35.1
28.4
36.5
16.7
19.8

32.9
33.1
34.1
15.8
18.3

NOTE: Detail for the seasonally adjusted data shown in this table will not necessarily add to total unemployed in table A-1 because of the
independent seasonal adjustment of the various series. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-13. Employed and unemployed persons by occupation, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Employed
Occupation

Total, 16 years and over1............................................ .
Management, professional, and related occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Management, business, and financial operations
occupations.................................................... .
Professional and related occupations......................... .
Service occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and office occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sales and related occupations................................. .
Office and administrative support occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Natural resources, construction, and maintenance
occupations....................................................... .
Farming, fishing, and forestry occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction and extraction occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Installation, maintenance, and repair occupations. . . . . . . . . . .
Production, transportation, and material moving
occupations....................................................... .
Production occupations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and material moving occupations. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Unemployment
rates

Unemployed

Nov.
2022

Nov.
2023

Nov.
2022

Nov.
2023

Nov.
2022

Nov.
2023

158,749
69,156

162,149
71,350

5,523
1,247

5,827
1,301

3.4
1.8

3.5
1.8

29,811
39,345
25,448
29,983
14,204
15,779

31,091
40,259
25,711
30,174
14,514
15,660

584
663
1,173
1,019
487
532

533
768
1,126
1,123
565
559

1.9
1.7
4.4
3.3
3.3
3.3

1.7
1.9
4.2
3.6
3.7
3.4

14,148
906
8,499
4,744

14,476
1,053
8,545
4,878

662
65
467
130

646
85
462
99

4.5
6.7
5.2
2.7

4.3
7.5
5.1
2.0

20,014
8,243
11,771

20,439
8,432
12,007

871
254
617

1,079
306
773

4.2
3.0
5.0

5.0
3.5
6.0

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, occupations reflect
the introduction of the 2018 Census occupational classification system into the Current Population Survey, or household survey. This classification
system is derived from the 2018 Standard Occupational Classification (SOC). No historical data have been revised. Data for 2020 are not strictly
comparable with earlier years.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-14. Unemployed persons by industry and class of worker, not seasonally adjusted

Industry and class of worker

Total, 16 years and over1............................................................... .
Nonagricultural private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction................................... .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale and retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Education and health services.................................................... .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .
Agriculture and related private wage and salary workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Government workers.................................................................. .
Self-employed workers, unincorporated, and unpaid family workers. . . . . . . . . . . .
1

Number of
unemployed
persons
(in thousands)

Unemployment
rates

Nov.
2022

Nov.
2023

Nov.
2022

Nov.
2023

5,523
4,253
19
393
401
254
148
666
360
57
200
702
521
769
165
85
332
323

5,827
4,676
13
496
487
286
201
735
346
100
232
747
528
758
234
105
305
201

3.4
3.3
3.1
3.9
2.7
2.6
2.7
3.5
4.2
2.1
1.9
3.7
2.1
5.8
2.5
5.6
1.5
3.2

3.5
3.5
2.2
4.8
3.1
2.9
3.5
3.6
4.1
3.7
2.3
3.9
2.0
5.5
3.4
6.6
1.4
2.0

Persons with no previous work experience and persons whose last job was in the U.S. Armed Forces are included in the unemployed total.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data. Effective with January 2020 data, industries reflect the
introduction of the 2017 Census industry classification system into the Current Population Survey. This industry classification system is derived from
the 2017 North American Industry Classification System (NAICS). No historical data have been revised.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-15. Alternative measures of labor underutilization
[Percent]
Not seasonally adjusted
Measure

U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer,
as a percent of the civilian labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-2 Job losers and persons who completed
temporary jobs, as a percent of the civilian
labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-3 Total unemployed, as a percent of the
civilian labor force (official unemployment
rate). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-4 Total unemployed plus discouraged
workers, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus discouraged workers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
U-5 Total unemployed, plus discouraged
workers, plus all other persons marginally
attached to the labor force, as a percent of
the civilian labor force plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force. . . . . . . . .
U-6 Total unemployed, plus all persons
marginally attached to the labor force, plus
total employed part time for economic
reasons, as a percent of the civilian labor
force plus all persons marginally attached to
the labor force.................................... .

Seasonally adjusted

Nov.
2022

Oct.
2023

Nov.
2023

Nov.
2022

July
2023

Aug.
2023

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023

Nov.
2023

1.2

1.4

1.2

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.4

1.4

1.3

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.6

1.7

1.7

1.8

1.8

3.4

3.6

3.5

3.6

3.5

3.8

3.8

3.9

3.7

3.6

3.9

3.7

3.9

3.7

4.0

4.0

4.1

4.0

4.2

4.4

4.4

4.5

4.3

4.6

4.6

4.7

4.6

6.4

6.8

6.7

6.7

6.7

7.1

7.0

7.2

7.0

NOTE: Persons marginally attached to the labor force are those who currently are neither working nor looking for work but indicate that they want and
are available for a job and have looked for work sometime in the past 12 months. Discouraged workers, a subset of the marginally attached, have
given a job-market related reason for not currently looking for work. Persons employed part time for economic reasons are those who want and are
available for full-time work but have had to settle for a part-time schedule. Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of
January data.

HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-16. Persons not in the labor force and multiple jobholders by sex, not seasonally adjusted
[Numbers in thousands]
Total
Category

Nov.
2022

Men
Nov.
2023

Nov.
2022

Women
Nov.
2023

Nov.
2022

Nov.
2023

NOT IN THE LABOR FORCE
Total not in the labor force. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Persons who currently want a job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Marginally attached to the labor force1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Discouraged workers2........................................ .
Other persons marginally attached to the labor force3. . .

100,436
5,211
1,501
430
1,071

99,845
5,006
1,625
455
1,170

41,542
2,570
751
298
453

41,646
2,371
867
275
592

58,894
2,642
750
133
618

58,199
2,635
757
180
577

MULTIPLE JOBHOLDERS
Total multiple jobholders4............................................ .
Percent of total employed......................................... .
Primary job full time, secondary job part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both part time. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary and secondary jobs both full time...................... .
Hours vary on primary or secondary job. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

7,782
4.9
4,507
1,866
336
1,017

8,463
5.2
5,002
2,022
363
1,012

3,702
4.4
2,409
599
191
491

3,833
4.5
2,506
605
178
511

4,080
5.5
2,098
1,267
146
526

4,630
6.1
2,495
1,417
185
501

1

Data refer to persons who want a job, have searched for work during the prior 12 months, and were available to take a job during the reference
week, but had not looked for work in the past 4 weeks.
2
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for reasons such as thinks no work available, could not find work, lacks
schooling or training, employer thinks too young or old, and other types of discrimination.
3
Includes those who did not actively look for work in the prior 4 weeks for such reasons as school or family responsibilities, ill health, and
transportation problems, as well as a number for whom reason for nonparticipation was not determined.
4
Includes a small number of persons who work part time on their primary job and full time on their secondary job(s), not shown separately.
NOTE: Updated population controls are introduced annually with the release of January data.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Seasonally adjusted

Nov.
2022

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Nov.
2022

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

155,642
132,866
21,501

156,906
133,981
21,805

157,984
134,714
21,808

158,461
135,032
21,742

154,296
131,972
21,425

156,738
133,885
21,643

156,888
133,970
21,633

157,087
134,120
21,662

Change
from:
Oct.2023 Nov.2023p
199
150
29

Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining, quarrying, and oil and gas extraction.. .
Oil and gas extraction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining (except oil and gas). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Coal mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Metal ore mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral mining and
quarrying. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Support activities for mining. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

627
45.9
581.0
117.1
187.9
41.0
43.1

650
48.2
601.4
119.3
189.2
41.3
44.1

650
48.1
601.6
119.7
188.3
41.0
44.0

645
45.8
599.1
119.5
187.8
40.9
44.3

624
45.6
578.6
117.1
187.1
41.1
43.3

645
47.3
597.5
118.8
186.9
41.4
44.2

645
47.2
597.3
119.0
186.6
41.0
44.1

644
45.5
598.5
118.4
187.1
41.0
44.6

-1
-1.7
1.2
-0.6
0.5
0.0
0.5

103.8
276.0

103.8
292.9

103.3
293.6

102.6
291.8

102.6
274.4

101.4
291.8

101.5
291.7

101.5
293.0

0.0
1.3

Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction of buildings. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential building construction. . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonresidential building construction. . . . . . . . .
Heavy and civil engineering construction. . . . . .
Specialty trade contractors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential specialty trade contractors. . . . . .
Nonresidential specialty trade contractors. . .

7,900
1,782.3
934.2
848.1
1,101.4
5,016.5
2,335.9
2,680.6

8,160
1,824.0
936.4
887.6
1,181.4
5,154.9
2,391.4
2,763.5

8,194
1,842.2
948.9
893.3
1,182.3
5,169.1
2,402.5
2,766.6

8,103
1,827.0
938.8
888.2
1,151.6
5,124.0
2,388.9
2,735.1

7,833
1,772.9
929.0
843.9
1,078.4
4,981.2
2,321.9
2,659.3

8,006
1,808.5
931.1
877.4
1,129.8
5,067.7
2,359.4
2,708.3

8,031
1,818.5
935.4
883.1
1,131.9
5,080.5
2,367.5
2,713.0

8,033
1,815.7
933.7
882.0
1,135.2
5,082.4
2,370.2
2,712.2

2
-2.8
-1.7
-1.1
3.3
1.9
2.7
-0.8

Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wood product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nonmetallic mineral product
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Primary metal manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Fabricated metal product manufacturing. . . .
Machinery manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and electronic product
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer and peripheral equipment
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Communications equipment
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Semiconductor and other electronic
component manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Navigational, measuring, electromedical,
and control instruments
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing and reproducing magnetic
and optical media and audio and video
equipment manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Electrical equipment, appliance, and
component manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation equipment manufacturing1. . .
Motor vehicles and parts2. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and related product
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Miscellaneous manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Textile product mills. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Apparel manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Paper manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Printing and related support activities. . . . . . .
Petroleum and coal products
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Chemical manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Plastics and rubber products
manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

12,974

12,995

12,964

12,994

12,968

12,992

12,957

12,985

28

8,072
428.1

8,138
420.6

8,108
420.3

8,154
421.7

8,073
429.0

8,147
421.8

8,113
421.2

8,149
422.2

36
1.0

429.4
366.4
1,444.3
1,115.9

437.5
369.3
1,453.8
1,129.7

438.6
368.4
1,455.6
1,128.6

438.8
367.0
1,458.4
1,132.7

428.7
365.6
1,447.4
1,119.1

434.1
370.4
1,456.3
1,135.2

434.4
369.4
1,456.3
1,133.9

435.0
368.2
1,458.0
1,135.5

0.6
-1.2
1.7
1.6

1,100.4

1,096.3

1,096.3

1,097.7

1,099.9

1,099.2

1,098.1

1,098.9

0.8

166.9

166.7

166.2

166.2

166.4

166.9

166.1

166.1

0.0

84.8

85.3

86.4

86.2

84.9

85.8

86.4

86.3

-0.1

392.9

382.8

382.3

383.8

393.4

384.5

383.6

384.2

0.6

423.1

428.2

428.5

428.7

422.9

428.8

429.0

429.5

0.5

32.7

33.3

32.9

32.8

32.3

33.2

32.9

32.8

-0.1

404.5
1,772.0
1,044.4

406.0
1,840.5
1,083.7

406.3
1,810.5
1,050.3

406.6
1,845.8
1,081.3

405.1
1,766.8
1,038.6

406.5
1,835.5
1,078.7

407.3
1,807.4
1,046.7

407.2
1,840.6
1,076.7

-0.1
33.2
30.0

375.9
634.8

355.2
628.8

355.2
628.4

356.9
628.2

376.6
634.9

358.0
629.9

356.9
628.1

356.2
627.0

-0.7
-1.1

4,902
1,719.7
96.6
102.7
94.7
360.7
384.3

4,857
1,726.9
93.2
98.5
90.9
346.9
371.1

4,856
1,732.4
93.0
97.4
90.7
347.3
372.9

4,840
1,727.1
92.7
97.8
90.1
348.0
373.6

4,895
1,714.5
96.5
102.8
93.8
360.9
381.2

4,845
1,719.5
93.0
98.8
91.1
347.8
372.3

4,844
1,724.5
93.0
97.9
90.7
348.1
372.2

4,836
1,723.7
92.9
97.8
90.0
347.6
371.2

-8
-0.8
-0.1
-0.1
-0.7
-0.5
-1.0

106.8
921.9

106.5
912.9

106.7
910.4

106.0
908.1

106.1
922.0

105.4
916.1

105.1
913.3

106.5
911.5

1.4
-1.8

757.0

741.9

739.3

737.3

759.7

742.5

739.4

736.0

-3.4

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Nov.
2022

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023p

Seasonally adjusted
Nov.
2023p

Nov.
2022

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Change
from:
Oct.2023 Nov.2023p

Nondurable goods - Continued
Beverage, tobacco, and leather and allied
product manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

357.4

367.7

366.1

359.1

357.0

358.6

359.6

359.1

-0.5

Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

111,365

112,176

112,906

113,290

110,547

112,242

112,337

112,458

121

Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

29,272

28,723

28,963

29,371

28,731

28,873

28,868

28,833

-35

Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Merchant wholesalers, durable goods. . . . . . .
Merchant wholesalers, nondurable goods. . .
Wholesale trade agents and brokers. . . . . . . .

6,023.1
3,320.2
2,176.4
526.5

6,076.5
3,362.9
2,184.4
529.2

6,102.1
3,374.0
2,194.3
533.8

6,108.1
3,381.0
2,194.5
532.6

6,019.2
3,324.2
2,170.8
524.2

6,080.9
3,367.7
2,184.3
528.9

6,092.1
3,374.3
2,186.7
531.1

6,100.4
3,380.0
2,189.7
530.7

8.3
5.7
3.0
-0.4

Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motor vehicle and parts dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automobile dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other motor vehicle dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Automotive parts, accessories, and tire
retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Building material and garden equipment
and supplies dealers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food and beverage retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture, home furnishings, electronics,
and appliance retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Furniture and home furnishings retailers.. .
Electronics and appliance retailers. . . . . . . .
General merchandise retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Department stores. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehouse clubs, supercenters, and
other general merchandise retailers. . . .
Health and personal care retailers. . . . . . . . . . .
Gasoline stations and fuel dealers. . . . . . . . . .
Clothing, clothing accessories, shoe, and
jewelry retailers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Sporting goods, hobby, musical instrument,
book, and miscellaneous retailers. . . . . . . . .

15,765.7
2,024.4
1,260.8
174.7

15,414.9
2,058.6
1,267.4
177.4

15,564.2
2,063.3
1,273.2
174.5

15,828.4
2,062.3
1,276.3
168.3

15,451.1
2,025.4
1,261.2
178.4

15,533.8
2,054.1
1,267.2
175.5

15,529.1
2,059.0
1,273.0
174.0

15,490.7
2,059.8
1,275.1
172.1

-38.4
0.8
2.1
-1.9

588.9

613.8

615.6

617.7

585.8

611.4

611.9

612.6

0.7

1,395.0
3,244.1

1,356.3
3,230.3

1,349.0
3,249.9

1,344.2
3,281.8

1,421.8
3,219.3

1,371.9
3,249.9

1,368.9
3,253.3

1,365.3
3,255.8

-3.6
2.5

900.6
458.4
442.2
3,228.4
1,009.8

837.7
428.9
408.8
3,124.3
927.2

845.5
437.5
408.0
3,192.3
957.7

855.6
444.3
411.3
3,300.8
1,007.9

881.2
447.3
425.7
3,051.8
915.7

844.9
434.3
409.4
3,169.4
948.9

840.9
435.3
404.2
3,167.2
945.9

835.1
431.1
402.2
3,142.4
926.5

-5.8
-4.2
-2.0
-24.8
-19.4

2,218.6
1,131.9
1,052.8

2,197.1
1,090.2
1,082.0

2,234.6
1,105.6
1,076.6

2,292.9
1,120.2
1,081.5

2,136.1
1,110.4
1,051.1

2,220.5
1,100.2
1,077.9

2,221.4
1,099.4
1,074.3

2,215.9
1,096.9
1,076.0

-5.5
-2.5
1.7

1,204.0

1,112.9

1,139.1

1,202.0

1,151.0

1,132.6

1,133.0

1,127.4

-5.6

1,584.5

1,522.6

1,542.9

1,580.0

1,539.1

1,532.9

1,533.1

1,532.0

-1.1

Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Air transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rail transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Water transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Truck transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transit and ground passenger
transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Pipeline transportation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scenic and sightseeing transportation. . . . . . .
Support activities for transportation. . . . . . . . . .
Couriers and messengers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Warehousing and storage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

6,926.8
519.3
148.4
63.3
1,616.4

6,672.4
552.7
150.2
70.7
1,589.7

6,735.7
555.0
150.1
70.5
1,591.9

6,872.9
556.2
150.1
67.2
1,591.8

6,704.6
520.7
148.4
64.8
1,605.5

6,698.2
551.4
150.0
68.8
1,584.2

6,685.8
554.3
149.9
69.6
1,580.6

6,680.8
558.4
149.6
68.7
1,581.3

-5.0
4.1
-0.3
-0.9
0.7

439.6
48.2
28.9
814.1
1,263.8
1,984.8

451.0
48.3
41.6
818.1
1,079.6
1,870.5

455.0
47.8
37.2
818.7
1,109.3
1,900.2

452.5
48.1
33.8
817.2
1,237.3
1,918.7

422.7
48.2
32.0
805.7
1,121.0
1,935.6

435.2
48.5
36.6
815.8
1,125.6
1,882.1

435.5
47.9
36.1
813.9
1,128.9
1,869.1

436.2
48.0
36.7
811.8
1,129.1
1,861.0

0.7
0.1
0.6
-2.1
0.2
-8.1

Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

555.9

Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Motion picture and sound recording
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Publishing industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Broadcasting and content providers. . . . . . . . . . .
Telecommunications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computing infrastructure providers, data
processing, web hosting, and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Web search portals, libraries, archives, and
other information services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,145

Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Finance and insurance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Monetary authorities-central bank. . . . . . . . . . .
Credit intermediation and related
activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

559.3
3,037

561.3
3,026

561.6
3,048

556.0
3,129

560.4
3,034

561.0
3,015

561.1
3,025

0.1
10

487.7
954.3
359.3
662.3

431.5
935.8
346.4
638.8

435.6
919.8
350.1
634.9

462.6
913.5
349.0
636.0

477.8
953.5
357.3
661.2

433.1
930.1
347.3
638.3

427.6
919.2
349.3
635.4

444.8
914.0
347.2
634.8

17.2
-5.2
-2.1
-0.6

480.9

494.6

494.1

494.1

479.7

494.4

493.1

493.7

0.6

200.8

190.3

191.8

192.4

199.8

190.7

190.6

190.4

-0.2

9,116
6,710.0
21.7

9,151
6,700.9
22.0

9,173
6,715.5
21.9

9,172
6,714.8
21.9

9,097
6,697.0
21.8

9,153
6,715.1
22.0

9,148
6,706.9
21.9

9,152
6,702.8
22.0

4
-4.1
0.1

2,684.3

2,642.7

2,636.4

2,629.6

2,685.2

2,648.3

2,638.4

2,630.2

-8.2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry

Seasonally adjusted

Nov.
2022

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Nov.
2022

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Change
from:
Oct.2023 Nov.2023p

1,779.4
1,374.4
581.6
323.3

1,771.7
1,361.0
561.0
310.0

1,767.2
1,355.1
560.5
308.7

1,767.1
1,354.4
556.3
306.2

1,780.8
1,376.1
581.1
323.3

1,778.3
1,366.4
560.4
309.6

1,772.6
1,360.3
557.8
308.1

1,769.3
1,357.0
554.7
306.1

-3.3
-3.3
-3.1
-2.0

1,070.9
2,933.1
2,405.7
1,850.6
532.4

1,084.3
2,951.9
2,449.7
1,854.2
572.9

1,096.1
2,961.1
2,457.9
1,871.6
563.4

1,097.9
2,965.4
2,456.9
1,875.9
558.1

1,068.1
2,921.9
2,399.8
1,841.9
535.4

1,089.4
2,955.4
2,438.2
1,853.3
562.2

1,092.6
2,954.0
2,441.2
1,857.0
561.5

1,095.1
2,955.5
2,449.6
1,863.8
563.0

2.5
1.5
8.4
6.8
1.5

Credit intermediation and related Continued
Depository credit intermediation1. . . . . . . . . .
Commercial banking. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondepository credit intermediation. . . . . . .
Activities related to credit intermediation.. .
Securities, commodity contracts, funds,
trusts, and other financial vehicles,
investments, and related activities. . . . . . . .
Insurance carriers and related activities. . . . .
Real estate and rental and leasing. . . . . . . . . . . .
Real estate. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Rental and leasing services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Lessors of nonfinancial intangible assets
(except copyrighted works). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional, scientific, and technical
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Legal services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accounting, tax preparation, bookkeeping,
and payroll services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Architectural, engineering, and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Specialized design services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Computer systems design and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management, scientific, and technical
consulting services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Scientific research and development
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Advertising, public relations, and related
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other professional, scientific, and technical
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Management of companies and enterprises. . .
Administrative and support and waste
management and remediation services. . . . .
Administrative and support services. . . . . . . . .
Office administrative services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Facilities support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Employment services1. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Temporary help services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Business support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Travel arrangement and reservation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Investigation and security services. . . . . . . .
Services to buildings and dwellings. . . . . . .
Other support services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Waste management and remediation
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . .
Private educational services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care and social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Health care3. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Ambulatory health care services. . . . . . . . . .
Offices of physicians. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of dentists. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Offices of other health practitioners. . . . .
Outpatient care centers. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Medical and diagnostic laboratories. . . .
Home health care services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other ambulatory health care
services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Hospitals. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

See footnotes at end of table.

22.7

22.6

22.9

22.9

22.5

22.7

22.7

22.8

0.1

23,028

23,047

23,266

23,231

22,791

22,978

22,980

22,971

-9

10,714.5
1,186.8

10,849.4
1,175.4

10,963.1
1,189.3

10,994.0
1,194.5

10,684.8
1,180.1

10,927.2
1,182.4

10,938.7
1,183.4

10,955.2
1,186.7

16.5
3.3

1,109.3

1,105.4

1,118.9

1,132.0

1,133.0

1,155.9

1,154.4

1,151.9

-2.5

1,643.9
156.6

1,687.5
159.6

1,697.5
161.6

1,698.5
161.2

1,638.9
154.9

1,684.7
160.2

1,687.7
160.5

1,693.6
159.7

5.9
-0.8

2,504.3

2,499.2

2,530.4

2,537.2

2,489.6

2,514.8

2,519.0

2,521.9

2.9

1,841.2

1,886.2

1,911.0

1,910.6

1,823.2

1,889.5

1,889.9

1,892.8

2.9

910.4

945.7

946.8

950.8

910.7

948.5

947.1

951.3

4.2

493.5

499.4

506.1

507.6

493.6

500.3

503.3

504.5

1.2

868.5
2,509.8

891.0
2,525.3

901.5
2,525.8

901.6
2,524.0

860.9
2,507.9

890.9
2,527.0

893.4
2,525.5

893.0
2,522.9

-0.4
-2.6

9,804.1
9,315.6
609.5
159.2
4,023.9
3,222.3
785.0

9,671.9
9,170.1
630.9
166.8
3,750.1
2,974.4
741.5

9,777.1
9,277.0
638.3
166.7
3,858.5
3,072.0
744.8

9,713.0
9,210.3
640.6
166.3
3,842.4
3,056.8
751.9

9,598.0
9,114.0
609.0
157.9
3,875.9
3,092.9
765.6

9,524.1
9,026.2
629.2
165.4
3,693.4
2,928.5
745.6

9,515.6
9,018.4
633.7
165.3
3,684.9
2,928.7
739.3

9,493.3
8,993.3
637.6
165.7
3,660.3
2,915.1
735.0

-22.3
-25.1
3.9
0.4
-24.6
-13.6
-4.3

176.5
976.5
2,245.6
339.4

187.1
985.8
2,359.6
348.3

187.5
989.2
2,337.5
354.5

187.8
993.4
2,273.3
354.6

177.2
969.4
2,220.8
338.2

185.8
983.0
2,279.9
344.0

186.2
984.9
2,276.0
348.1

188.5
987.2
2,267.6
351.3

2.3
2.3
-8.4
3.2

488.5

501.8

500.1

502.7

484.0

497.9

497.2

500.0

2.8

25,024
4,043.1
20,981.2
16,607.0
8,288.3
2,860.1
1,033.8
1,114.0
1,054.6
320.8
1,570.2

25,572
3,942.8
21,629.5
17,071.4
8,492.6
2,929.3
1,036.6
1,146.0
1,063.6
325.3
1,648.6

25,902
4,099.2
21,803.1
17,185.4
8,570.2
2,958.1
1,037.1
1,160.2
1,074.6
325.3
1,670.3

26,069
4,136.5
21,932.6
17,286.6
8,621.2
2,978.1
1,041.5
1,166.1
1,083.7
328.6
1,678.3

24,756
3,859.2
20,897.1
16,543.3
8,250.3
2,847.4
1,029.2
1,108.8
1,051.3
320.4
1,558.9

25,611
3,943.0
21,668.1
17,077.4
8,510.4
2,934.6
1,040.3
1,149.4
1,067.0
326.6
1,649.8

25,694
3,950.7
21,743.2
17,137.1
8,540.4
2,945.8
1,036.7
1,154.3
1,074.4
325.1
1,659.7

25,793
3,956.4
21,836.4
17,213.9
8,576.2
2,959.4
1,039.8
1,158.9
1,079.6
328.2
1,665.6

99
5.7
93.2
76.8
35.8
13.6
3.1
4.6
5.2
3.1
5.9

334.8
5,247.3

343.2
5,385.1

344.6
5,407.4

344.9
5,436.4

334.4
5,229.3

342.7
5,374.9

344.3
5,395.5

344.7
5,419.2

0.4
23.7

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector and selected industry detail
— Continued
[In thousands]
Not seasonally adjusted

Seasonally adjusted

Nov.
2022

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Nov.
2022

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Change
from:
Oct.2023 Nov.2023p

Nursing and residential care facilities. . . . .
Skilled nursing care facilities. . . . . . . . . . . .
Residential intellectual and
developmental disability, mental
health, and substance abuse
facilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Continuing care retirement
communities and assisted living
facilities for the elderly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other residential care facilities. . . . . . . . . .
Social assistance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Individual and family services. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Community food and housing, and
emergency and other relief services. . . .
Vocational rehabilitation services. . . . . . . . .
Child care services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

3,071.4
1,375.1

3,193.7
1,431.2

3,207.8
1,439.2

3,229.0
1,445.6

3,063.7
1,369.6

3,192.1
1,428.9

3,201.2
1,432.4

3,218.5
1,438.1

17.3
5.7

620.5

644.4

645.7

649.7

619.7

643.6

645.0

649.3

4.3

920.8
155.0
4,374.2
2,905.9

961.3
156.8
4,558.1
3,058.1

965.3
157.6
4,617.7
3,095.6

975.9
157.8
4,646.0
3,109.5

920.0
154.4
4,353.8
2,895.9

962.6
157.0
4,590.7
3,077.3

966.3
157.4
4,606.1
3,087.6

973.9
157.2
4,622.5
3,096.2

7.6
-0.2
16.4
8.6

207.1
273.1
988.1

217.4
282.1
1,000.5

220.3
284.7
1,017.1

223.5
286.1
1,026.9

206.2
272.6
979.0

220.2
283.1
1,010.1

221.2
283.6
1,013.7

222.0
284.8
1,019.4

0.8
1.2
5.7

Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Arts, entertainment, and recreation. . . . . . . . . . . .
Performing arts, spectator sports, and
related industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Museums, historical sites, and similar
institutions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Amusement, gambling, and recreation
industries. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation and food services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Accommodation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Food services and drinking places. . . . . . . . . .

15,998
2,248.5

16,775
2,514.7

16,688
2,473.6

16,508
2,360.5

16,258
2,380.2

16,705
2,482.0

16,747
2,506.7

16,787
2,507.5

40
0.8

495.4

580.5

580.5

553.5

510.3

553.4

568.1

564.8

-3.3

164.5

176.0

176.4

172.7

165.5

174.0

174.5

175.1

0.6

1,588.6
13,749.3
1,772.7
11,976.6

1,758.2
14,260.4
1,908.0
12,352.4

1,716.7
14,214.2
1,879.4
12,334.8

1,634.3
14,147.1
1,833.5
12,313.6

1,704.4
13,877.6
1,834.5
12,043.1

1,754.6
14,223.0
1,886.1
12,336.9

1,764.1
14,239.8
1,893.4
12,346.4

1,767.6
14,279.2
1,894.5
12,384.7

3.5
39.4
1.1
38.3

5,782
1,418.7
1,515.5

5,871
1,456.1
1,546.9

5,888
1,464.7
1,553.0

5,891
1,459.4
1,555.2

5,785
1,414.1
1,517.9

5,888
1,456.6
1,553.6

5,885
1,458.2
1,549.8

5,897
1,459.8
1,553.9

12
1.6
4.1

Industry

Health care - Continued

1

Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Repair and maintenance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Personal and laundry services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Religious, grantmaking, civic, professional,
and similar organizations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

2,847.6

2,867.6

2,869.9

2,876.3

2,853.2

2,877.4

2,877.4

2,883.3

5.9

Government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Federal, except U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . .
U.S. Postal Service. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
State government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .
Local government. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government education. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Local government, excluding education. . . . . . . . . .

22,776
2,884
2,281.0
603.2
5,290
2,633.8
2,656.3
14,602
8,136.0
6,466.3

22,925
2,960
2,357.5
602.5
5,373
2,641.4
2,731.7
14,592
7,955.4
6,636.3

23,270
2,959
2,354.0
605.4
5,482
2,744.5
2,737.6
14,829
8,212.8
6,616.3

23,429
2,968
2,360.7
607.0
5,529
2,781.0
2,747.7
14,932
8,304.3
6,627.4

22,324
2,873
2,276.5
596.6
5,116
2,453.1
2,663.2
14,335
7,848.3
6,486.6

22,853
2,949
2,342.1
606.4
5,288
2,561.7
2,726.4
14,616
7,971.7
6,644.0

22,918
2,953
2,345.7
607.1
5,317
2,579.3
2,738.1
14,648
7,993.4
6,654.6

22,967
2,953
2,350.3
603.0
5,334
2,585.1
2,748.4
14,680
8,007.4
6,672.3

49
0
4.6
-4.1
17
5.8
10.3
32
14.0
17.7

Includes other industries, not shown separately.
Includes motor vehicle manufacturing, motor vehicle body and trailer manufacturing, and motor vehicle parts manufacturing.
3
Includes ambulatory health care services, hospitals, and nursing and residential care facilities.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.
2

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours and overtime of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Nov.
2022

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

34.5
39.8
46.3
38.5
40.2
40.6
39.6
33.4
34.2
38.8
30.3
38.4
42.1
36.7
37.4
36.5
33.4
25.5
32.2

34.4
39.9
44.9
39.1
40.1
40.6
39.2
33.3
33.9
38.8
29.8
38.2
41.7
36.3
37.4
36.5
33.3
25.6
32.3

34.3
39.9
44.6
39.2
40.0
40.5
39.3
33.3
33.9
38.6
29.8
38.3
42.0
36.2
37.4
36.4
33.3
25.5
32.3

34.4
39.9
45.2
39.3
40.0
40.4
39.4
33.3
34.1
38.8
30.3
38.1
41.8
36.0
37.4
36.5
33.2
25.5
32.3

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.1
3.2
2.9

3.0
3.1
2.7

2.9
3.0
2.7

2.9
3.0
2.7

Industry

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Nov.
2022

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Nov.
2022

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$32.80
33.00
36.45
35.43
31.40
32.98
28.74
32.76
28.17
35.68
23.46
28.11
48.14
47.46
42.13
39.40
32.47
20.61
29.41

$33.91
34.46
38.68
36.84
32.80
34.35
30.09
33.78
29.25
37.16
24.05
29.46
50.01
48.29
44.17
40.71
33.18
21.29
30.14

$33.98
34.57
38.58
37.00
32.87
34.50
30.05
33.85
29.24
36.95
24.05
29.60
50.20
48.33
44.22
40.87
33.25
21.42
30.26

$34.10
34.76
38.60
37.18
33.07
34.69
30.28
33.95
29.34
37.23
24.14
29.66
50.44
48.56
44.44
41.03
33.28
21.55
30.27

$1,131.60
1,313.40
1,687.64
1,364.06
1,262.28
1,338.99
1,138.10
1,094.18
963.41
1,384.38
710.84
1,079.42
2,026.69
1,741.78
1,575.66
1,438.10
1,084.50
525.56
947.00

$1,166.50
1,374.95
1,736.73
1,440.44
1,315.28
1,394.61
1,179.53
1,124.87
991.58
1,441.81
716.69
1,125.37
2,085.42
1,752.93
1,651.96
1,485.92
1,104.89
545.02
973.52

$1,165.51
1,379.34
1,720.67
1,450.40
1,314.80
1,397.25
1,180.97
1,127.21
991.24
1,426.27
716.69
1,133.68
2,108.40
1,749.55
1,653.83
1,487.67
1,107.23
546.21
977.40

$1,173.04
1,386.92
1,744.72
1,461.17
1,322.80
1,401.48
1,193.03
1,130.54
1,000.49
1,444.52
731.44
1,130.05
2,108.39
1,748.16
1,662.06
1,497.60
1,104.90
549.53
977.72

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-4. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for all employees on private nonfarm payrolls by
industry sector, seasonally adjusted
[2007=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours1

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls2

Industry

Nov.
2022

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Percent
change
from:
Oct.
2023 Nov.
2023p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Private education and health services.. .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

114.3
97.1
90.8
104.0
93.8
92.3
96.8
118.9
107.4
103.0
95.3
147.9
101.3
104.9
111.5
130.1
135.0
118.3
107.4

115.6
98.4
91.0
107.9
93.7
93.1
94.8
120.3
106.9
104.1
94.2
147.0
101.1
100.6
112.1
131.2
139.3
122.0
109.7

115.4
98.3
90.4
108.5
93.2
92.5
95.0
120.4
106.9
103.7
94.2
147.1
101.9
99.7
112.1
130.9
139.7
121.8
109.6

115.8
98.5
91.5
108.8
93.4
92.7
95.1
120.6
107.4
104.4
95.5
146.3
101.5
99.5
112.1
131.2
139.8
122.1
109.8

0.3
0.2
1.2
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.5
0.7
1.4
-0.5
-0.4
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.1
0.2
0.2

1

Nov.
2022

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Percent
change
from:
Oct.
2023 Nov.
2023p

179.2
144.9
132.9
160.0
136.9
135.2
141.1
189.3
163.1
153.8
147.8
211.5
161.1
177.2
183.1
207.7
210.9
196.7
173.1

187.4
153.2
141.3
172.7
143.0
142.1
144.7
197.6
168.7
161.8
149.8
220.3
167.1
173.0
193.2
216.4
222.3
209.6
181.1

187.4
153.7
140.0
174.5
142.5
141.7
144.9
198.2
168.6
160.3
149.8
221.6
169.1
171.6
193.3
216.6
223.5
210.6
181.8

188.8
154.7
141.8
175.8
143.7
142.8
146.1
199.0
170.0
162.6
152.5
220.7
169.1
172.0
194.4
218.0
223.9
212.4
182.2

0.7
0.7
1.3
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.8
0.4
0.8
1.4
1.8
-0.4
0.0
0.2
0.6
0.6
0.2
0.9
0.2

The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2007
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2007 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-5. Employment of women on nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted
Women employees (in thousands)

Percent of all employees

Industry

Nov.
2022

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Nov.
2022

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Total nonfarm. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods................................. .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................... .
Information........................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................... .
Government............................................ .

76,844
63,848
4,955
80
1,110
3,765
2,008
1,757
58,893
11,309
1,833.5
7,504.3
1,828.7
142.8
1,262
5,069
10,508
19,059
8,595
3,091
12,996

78,118
64,799
4,997
83
1,139
3,775
2,027
1,748
59,802
11,278
1,862.2
7,479.2
1,788.6
147.6
1,238
5,096
10,582
19,671
8,786
3,151
13,319

78,248
64,890
4,998
85
1,145
3,768
2,022
1,746
59,892
11,276
1,869.3
7,479.4
1,779.1
148.3
1,233
5,098
10,583
19,744
8,803
3,155
13,358

78,358
64,965
5,005
86
1,150
3,769
2,024
1,745
59,960
11,258
1,867.3
7,464.7
1,777.0
149.1
1,232
5,104
10,561
19,809
8,834
3,162
13,393

49.8
48.4
23.1
12.8
14.2
29.0
24.9
35.9
53.3
39.4
30.5
48.6
27.3
25.7
40.3
55.7
46.1
77.0
52.9
53.4
58.2

49.8
48.4
23.1
12.9
14.2
29.1
24.9
36.1
53.3
39.1
30.6
48.1
26.7
26.3
40.8
55.7
46.1
76.8
52.6
53.5
58.3

49.9
48.4
23.1
13.2
14.3
29.1
24.9
36.0
53.3
39.1
30.7
48.2
26.6
26.4
40.9
55.7
46.1
76.8
52.6
53.6
58.3

49.9
48.4
23.1
13.4
14.3
29.0
24.8
36.1
53.3
39.0
30.6
48.2
26.6
26.6
40.7
55.8
46.0
76.8
52.6
53.6
58.3

p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-6. Employment of production and nonsupervisory employees on private nonfarm payrolls by industry
sector, seasonally adjusted1
[In thousands]
Industry

Nov.
2022

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................................................... .
Manufacturing....................................................................... .
Durable goods.................................................................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .......................... .
Wholesale trade.................................................................. .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing............................................... .
Utilities............................................................................. .
Information........................................................................... .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services.............................................. .
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services....................................................................... .

107,392
15,370
467
5,789
9,114
5,608
3,506
92,022
24,183
4,778.0
13,119.4
5,843.5
442.2
2,488
6,857
18,171
21,534
14,086
4,703

108,961
15,468
498
5,868
9,102
5,615
3,487
93,493
24,348
4,801.7
13,259.0
5,841.2
446.0
2,422
6,862
18,172
22,296
14,591
4,802

108,990
15,432
497
5,875
9,060
5,575
3,485
93,558
24,345
4,808.6
13,254.8
5,833.9
447.4
2,415
6,869
18,151
22,369
14,608
4,801

109,156
15,464
497
5,880
9,087
5,606
3,481
93,692
24,297
4,810.8
13,217.9
5,820.4
447.9
2,424
6,877
18,140
22,461
14,686
4,807

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-7. Average weekly hours and overtime of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Nov.
2022

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

AVERAGE WEEKLY HOURS
Total private............................................................................ .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging............................................................... .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods............................................................. .
Private service-providing........................................................... .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade..................................................................... .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities.......................................................................... .
Information........................................................................ .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services.................................................................... .

33.9
40.4
47.3
39.2
40.8
41.1
40.4
32.9
34.2
38.9
30.5
37.9
42.7
36.5
37.0
36.3
32.6
24.5
31.1

33.8
40.5
47.9
39.7
40.7
40.9
40.4
32.7
34.0
38.8
30.5
37.5
42.0
35.9
36.9
36.3
32.4
24.4
31.3

33.7
40.6
47.8
39.9
40.7
40.9
40.4
32.6
33.9
38.5
30.3
37.6
42.1
36.0
36.6
36.2
32.4
24.2
31.2

33.8
40.6
48.5
40.0
40.6
40.7
40.2
32.6
34.0
38.7
30.5
37.4
42.0
35.6
36.8
36.3
32.4
24.3
31.2

AVERAGE OVERTIME HOURS
Manufacturing.......................................................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods.................................................................. .

3.7
3.9
3.5

3.6
3.7
3.4

3.4
3.5
3.3

3.4
3.4
3.3

Industry

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-8. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production and nonsupervisory employees on private
nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
Average hourly earnings

Average weekly earnings

Industry

Nov.
2022

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Nov.
2022

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing...................................... .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction......................................... .
Manufacturing....................................... .
Durable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities................ .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Utilities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities.................................. .
Professional and business services. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private education and health services. . . . . . . . . . . .
Leisure and hospitality............................. .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

$28.09
28.58
33.26
33.00
25.60
26.87
23.53
27.99
24.47
29.76
20.04
26.44
43.09
38.56
32.75
33.13
29.57
18.24
25.26

$29.08
29.90
35.08
34.54
26.64
27.79
24.77
28.91
25.40
30.60
20.63
28.13
44.58
39.80
34.30
34.40
30.30
18.88
25.95

$29.18
29.97
34.67
34.69
26.67
27.85
24.76
29.02
25.43
30.60
20.61
28.22
44.83
39.50
34.54
34.51
30.41
19.06
26.06

$29.30
30.20
34.60
34.96
26.87
28.01
25.03
29.11
25.48
30.72
20.65
28.26
45.03
39.97
34.86
34.64
30.40
19.25
26.12

$952.25
1,154.63
1,573.20
1,293.60
1,044.48
1,104.36
950.61
920.87
836.87
1,157.66
611.22
1,002.08
1,839.94
1,407.44
1,211.75
1,202.62
963.98
446.88
785.59

$982.90
1,210.95
1,680.33
1,371.24
1,084.25
1,136.61
1,000.71
945.36
863.60
1,187.28
629.22
1,054.88
1,872.36
1,428.82
1,265.67
1,248.72
981.72
460.67
812.24

$983.37
1,216.78
1,657.23
1,384.13
1,085.47
1,139.07
1,000.30
946.05
862.08
1,178.10
624.48
1,061.07
1,887.34
1,422.00
1,264.16
1,249.26
985.28
461.25
813.07

$990.34
1,226.12
1,678.10
1,398.40
1,090.92
1,140.01
1,006.21
948.99
866.32
1,188.86
629.83
1,056.92
1,891.26
1,422.93
1,282.85
1,257.43
984.96
467.78
814.94

1

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.

ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-9. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours and payrolls for production and nonsupervisory employees on
private nonfarm payrolls by industry sector, seasonally adjusted1
[2002=100]
Index of aggregate weekly hours2

Index of aggregate weekly payrolls3

Industry

Nov.
2022

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Percent
change
from:
Oct.
2023 Nov.
2023p

Total private. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Goods-producing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Mining and logging. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Construction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Manufacturing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Durable goods.......................... .
Nondurable goods. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Private service-providing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Trade, transportation, and utilities. . . . . . .
Wholesale trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Retail trade. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Transportation and warehousing. . . . . .
Utilities................................... .
Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Financial activities. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Professional and business services. . . . .
Private education and health services.. .
Leisure and hospitality. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Other services. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

121.3
94.9
117.4
113.6
85.4
86.6
83.5
129.0
115.8
110.3
101.5
167.6
96.6
103.7
119.4
147.2
149.7
126.4
102.6

122.7
95.7
126.8
116.6
85.0
86.3
83.0
130.3
115.9
110.6
102.5
165.8
95.8
99.2
119.2
147.3
154.0
130.4
105.4

122.4
95.7
126.2
117.4
84.6
85.7
83.0
130.0
115.5
109.9
101.8
166.0
96.3
99.2
118.3
146.7
154.5
129.5
105.1

122.9
95.9
128.1
117.8
84.7
85.7
82.4
130.1
115.6
110.5
102.2
164.7
96.2
98.5
119.1
147.0
155.2
130.7
105.2

0.4
0.2
1.5
0.3
0.1
0.0
-0.7
0.1
0.1
0.5
0.4
-0.8
-0.1
-0.7
0.7
0.2
0.5
0.9
0.1

1

Nov.
2022

Sept.
2023

Oct.
2023p

Nov.
2023p

Percent
change
from:
Oct.
2023 Nov.
2023p

227.8
166.1
227.1
202.5
142.9
145.3
138.8
247.6
202.5
193.8
174.3
282.1
173.7
197.9
240.6
290.2
292.1
261.8
188.8

238.5
175.3
258.6
217.5
148.2
149.7
145.3
258.3
210.4
199.7
181.4
296.8
178.3
195.5
251.5
301.3
308.0
279.6
199.3

238.7
175.7
254.6
219.9
147.6
148.9
145.1
258.7
210.0
198.4
180.0
298.2
180.3
194.1
251.4
301.1
310.2
280.3
199.5

240.8
177.4
257.8
222.3
148.8
149.9
145.8
259.8
210.6
200.3
181.0
296.3
180.8
194.9
255.5
302.9
311.3
285.8
200.2

0.9
1.0
1.3
1.1
0.8
0.7
0.5
0.4
0.3
1.0
0.6
-0.6
0.3
0.4
1.6
0.6
0.4
2.0
0.4

Data relate to production employees in mining and logging and manufacturing, construction employees in construction, and nonsupervisory
employees in the service-providing industries. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employment on private nonfarm
payrolls.
2
The indexes of aggregate weekly hours are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate hours by the corresponding 2002
annual average aggregate hours. Aggregate hours estimates are the product of estimates of average weekly hours and employment.
3
The indexes of aggregate weekly payrolls are calculated by dividing the current month’s estimates of aggregate weekly payrolls by the
corresponding 2002 annual average aggregate weekly payrolls. Aggregate payrolls estimates are the product of estimates of average hourly
earnings, average weekly hours, and employment.
p Preliminary
NOTE: Data have been revised to reflect March 2022 benchmark levels and updated seasonal adjustment factors.