Full text of The Employment Situation : November 1981
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News Bureau of Labor Statistics Contact: Diane W e s t c o t t P h i l Rones Kathryn Hoyle (202) (202) 523-1371 523-1944 523-1913 523-1208 United States Department of Labor Washington, D.C. 20212 USDL 81-554 TRANSMISSION OF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS EMBARGOED UNTIL 9:00 A.M. (EST), FRIDAY, DECEMBER 4, 1981 Advance copies of this release are made available to the press with the explicit understanding that, prior to '9 a.m. Eastern time: (1) Wire services will not move over their wires copy based on information in this release, (2) electronic media will not feed such information to member stations, and (3) representatives of news organizations will not contact anyone outside the Bureau of Labor Statistics to ask questions or solicit comments about information in this release. THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION: NOVEMBER 1981 Unemployment rose sharply for the second straight month and employment declined, the Bureau of Labor Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today in releasing data on the Nation's employment situation for November. The jobless rate was 8.4 percent, up from 8.0 percent in October and 7.5 percent in September. Total employment—as measured by the monthly survey of households—fell November to 98.0 million. Since July, employment has declined by 940,000. by 190,000 in Nonfarm payroll employment—as measured by the monthly survey of establishments—dropped by 235,000 for the second month in a row. Nearly all of this decline took place in manufacturing. Unemployment The unemployment rate rose 0.4 percentage point in November to 8.4 percent, its highest point since the 1974-75 recession. Unemployment has risen each month since July, when the rate was 7.0 percent, with particularly large increases taking place during the last 2 months. The number of unemployed workers reached 9 million, up 485,000 from October. Most of this rise was accounted for by workers who lost their jobs as a result of layoff or for other reasons. There was also an increase in the number of jobless persons who had reentered the labor force after a period of absence. Since July, unemployment has risen by 1.5 million; job losers, who comprise about half of the total unemployed, made up about three-fourths of the 4-month increase. (See tables A-l and A-7.) Although the November increase in unemployment affected most worker groups, it was particularly pronounced for adult men, whose jobless rate went from 6.7 to 7.2 percent, just below the post-World War II high of 7.3 percent reached in May 1975. The jobless rate for adult women rose from 7.0 to 7.3 percent, while that for teenagers moved up to 21.8 percent. The rate for white workers increased from 6.9 to 7.4 percent, while joblessness among black and other workers was unchanged at the record high of 15.5 percent. (See tables A-l and A-2.) As in the previous 2 months, unemployment increases were especially large for workers in blue-collar occupations; the rate for workers in the manufacturing industries also continued to rise sharply. The jobless rate for workers in the construction industry, at 18.2 percent, was about unchanged in November following a large increase in the previous month. (See table A-5.) The average duration of unemployment fell from 13.7 to 13.2 weeks, as the number of newly unemployed workers and those who had bee'n jobless for 1 to 3 months increased over the month. (See table A-6.) - 2 Total Employment and the Labor Force Total employment continued to decline in November. At 98.0 million, the employment level was down by 940,000 since July. Adult men made up 70 percent of the July-November employment reduction, and teenagers accounted for the remainder. The overall employment-population ratio also edged down over the month to 57.9 percent, its lowest level in about 4 years. (See table A-l.) The civilian labor force grew by 290,000 in November. Over the year, the labor force has increased by 1.6 million, with adult women accounting for most of this advance. Since last November, the participation rate for adult women has risen a full percentage point (to 52.5 percent), while participation for adult men and teenagers has declined. (See table A-l.) Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted I 1 1 Category I Civilian labor force Total employment Unemployment Not in labor force Discouraged workers ESTABLISHMENT DATA Nonfarm payroll employment Goods-producing industries Service-producing industries Average weekly hours: Total private nonfarm p=preliminary. I | 1 1 I Monthly data I I 1 1 Oct. - I 1980 | 1981 | 1981 | Nov. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 change I III | II | III | Sept. | Oct. | Nov. | | I Thousands of persons 1104,982 1106,768 1106,4341106,2361106, 7361107,0291 293 | 97,0611 98,868 i 98,725 | 98,2701 98,217 | 98,025 | -192 | 7,921| 7,900| 7,709| 7,9661 8,5201 9,0041 484 I 59,4931 59,377 | 60,274 | 60,648| 60,3591 60,248| -111 | 9611 1,0181 1,050| N.A. | N.A.| N.A. | N.A. 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 HOUSEHOLD DATA Unemployment rates: All workers Adult men Adult women..... Teenagers White Black and other Hispanic origin Full-time workers Quarterly averages • | Percent of labor force 1 t 1 1 1 1 1 I 7.5| 7.4| 7.2| 7.5| 8.0| 8.4| I 6.6| 6.1| 5.9| 6.2| 6.7| 7.2| | 6.4| 6.6| 6.6| 6.8| 7.0| 7.3| I 18.4| 19.2| 18.7| 19.3| 20.6| 21.8| I 6.71 6.5| 6.2| 6.5| 6.9| 7.4| | 13.9| 13.7| 14.6| 15.1| 15.5| 15.5| | 10.8| 9.8| 9.6| 9.3| 10.9j 11.6| .| 7.3| 7»1| 6.9| 7.2| 7«7| 8.1| 1 1 1 1 1 I I | I Thousands of jobs | 90,2131 91,5461 91,9381 92,033|91,798p|91,561p| | 25,3061 25,7411 25,933| 25,930125,651p|25,459p| | 64,907| 65,805 I 66,0051 66,103|66,147p|66,102p| 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 35.21 1 35.31 1 1 1 Hours of work 1 1 1 1 35.11 34.91 35.0DI 35.ID! 1 1 1 1 N.A.=not available. 0.4 0.5 0.3 1.2 0.5 0 0.7 0.4 -237p -192p -45p 0.1D - 3 Indus try Payroll Emp1oyment Total nonagricultural payroll employment fell by 23 5,000 in November to 91.6 million, following a decline of the same magnitude in October. Sharp employment reductions in November occurred in the manufacturing industries and retail trade. In manufacturing, employment decreased by 190,000, with four-fifths of this decline in the durable goods industries. Particularly heavy losses (about 30,000 each) took place in fabricated metals, electrical equipment, and transportation equipment. Five other durable goods industries posted declines of 10,000 or more. Since July, manufacturing employment has fallen by 500,000. In retail trade, pre-Christmas hiring fell short of seasonal expectations, resulting in a November decline of 85,000. (See table B-l.) The only significant job gains in November were in services (almost 50,000) and mining (15,000). Each of these industries has shown considerable strength over the past year. Construction employment was about unchanged (on a seasonally adjusted basis), as was employment in transportation and public utilities; finance, insurance, and real estate; and government. Hours of Work The average workweek of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls was about unchanged in November at 35.1 hours. (See table B-2.) This level was only slightly below that which prevailed through the summer months. However, the manufacturing workweek dropped 0.2 hour to 39.3 hours, a full hour below its 1981 peak reached in May. Reduced overtime accounted for the bulk of that 6-month decline. The index of aggregate weekly hours—a comprehensive measure of changes in both hours and employment—fell by two-tenths of a percent in each of the last 2 months, a result of overall employment declines. Since July, the index has dropped by 1.1 percent to 108.2 (1977=100). This decline was due primarily to weakness in the manufacturing sector, as the factory index fell by more than 5 percent. (See table B-5.) Hourly and Weekly Earnings Average hourly earnings rose 0.7 percent and weekly earnings rose 1.0 percent in November, seasonally adjusted. Before adjustment for seasonality, average hourly earnings were up 4 cents to $7.46, a 54 cent over-the-year rise. Weekly earnings, at $261.85, increased $1.41 over the month and $17.57 over the year. (See table B-3.) The Hourly Earnings Index The Hourly Earnings Index (HEI) was 143.1 (1977=100) in November, seasonally adjusted, 0.9 percent higher than in October. For the 12 months ended in November, the increase (before seasonal adjustment) was 8.3 percent. The HEI excludes the effects of two types of changes unrelated to underlying wage rate movements—fluctuations in overtime in manufacturing and interindustry employment shifts. In dollars of constant purchasing power, the HEI decreased 1.4 percent during the 12-month period ended in October. (See table B-4.) I Revisions to Household Data Series I Effective with data for January 1982, population counts derived I from the 1980 Decennial Census will be introduced into the estimation procedures used in the Current Population Survey. Data for 1981 will |be revised based on the new census population estimates. Provisional adjustments in the major data series for 1980 back to 1970 will also be made and will be introduced with the release of January 1982 data. Explanatory Note This news release presents statistics from two major surveys, the Current Population Survey (household survey) and the Current Employment Statistics Survey (establishment survey). The household survey provides the information on the labor force, total employment, and unemployment that appears in the A tables, marked HOUSEHOLD DATA. It is a sample survey of about 60,000 households that is conducted by the Bureau of the Census with most of the findings analyzed and published by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS). The establishment survey provides the information on the employment, hours, and earnings of workers on nonagricultural payrolls that appears in the B tables, marked ESTABLISHMENT DATA. This information is collected from payroll records by BLS in cooperation with State agencies. The sample includes approximately 166,000 establishments: employing about 35 million people. For both surveys, the data for a given month are actually collected for and relate to a particular week. In the household survey, unless otherwise indicated, it is the calendar week that contains the 12th day of the month, which is called the survey week. In the establishment survey, the reference week is the pay period including the 12th, which may or may not correspond directly to the calendar week. The data in this release are affected by a number of technical factors, including definitions, survey differences, seasonal adjustments, and the inevitable variance in results between a survey of a sample and a census of the entire population. Each of these factors is explained below. Coverage, definitions and differences between surveys The sample households in the household survey are selected so as to reflect the entire civilian noninstitutional population 16 years of age and older. Each person in a household is classified as employed, unemployed, or not in the labor force. Those who hold more than one job are classified according to the job at which they worked the most hours. People are classified as employed if they did any work at all as paid civilians; worked in their own business or profession or on their own farm; or worked 15 hours or more in an enterprise operated by a member of their family, whether they were paid or not. People are also counted as employed if they were on unpaid leave because of illness, bad weather, disputes between labor and management, or personal reasons. People are classified as unemployed, regardless of their eligibility for unemployment benefits or public assistance, if they meet all of the following criteria: They had no employment during the survey week; they were available for work at that time; and they made specific efforts to find employment sometime during the prior 4 weeks. Also included among the unemployed are persons not looking for work because they were laid off and waiting to be recalled and those expecting to report to a job within 30 days. The civilian labor force equals the sum of the number employed and the number unemployed. The unemployment rate is the percentage of unemployed people in the civilian labor force. Table A-4 presents a special grouping of seven measures of unemployment based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force. The definitions are provided in the table. The most restrictive definition yields U-l, and the most comprehensive yields U-7. The official unemployment rate isU-5. Unlike the household survey, the establishment survey only counts wage and salary employees whose names appear on the payroll records of nonagricultural firms. As a result, there are many differences between the two surveys, among which are the following: —-The household survey, although based on a smaller sample, reflects a larger segment of the population; the establishment survey excludes agriculture, the self-employed, unpaid family workers, and private household workers; —The household survey includes people on unpaid leave among the employed; the establishment survey does not; -—The household survey is limited to those 16 years of age and older; the establishment survey is not limited by age; —The household survey has no duplication of individuals, because each individual is counted only once; in the establishment survey, employees working at more than one job or otherwise appearing on more than one payroll would be counted separately for each appearance. Other differences between the two surveys are described in ''Comparing Employment Estimates from Household and Payroll Surveys," which may be obtained from the BLS upon request. Seasonal adjustment Over a course of a year, the size of the Nation's labor force and the levels of employment and unemployment undergo sharp fluctuations due to such seasonal events as changes in weather, reduced or expanded production, harvests, major holidays, and the opening and closing of schools. For example, the labor force increases by a large number each June, when schools close and many young people enter the job market. The effect of such seasonal variation can be very large; over the course of a year, for example, seasonality may account for as much as 95 percent of the month-to-month changes in unemployment. Because these seasonal events follow a more or less regular pattern each year, their influence on statistical trends can be eliminated by adjusting the statistics from month to month. These adjustments make nonseasonal developments, such as declines in economic activity or increases in the participation of women in the labor force, easier to spot. To return to the school's-out example, the large number of people entering the labor force each June is likely to obscure any other changes that have taken place since May, making it difficult to determine if the level of economic activity has risen or declined. However, because the effect of students finishing school in previous years is known, the statistics for the current year can be adjusted to allow for a comparable change. Insofar as the seasonal adjustment is made correctly, the adjusted figure provides a more useful tool with which to analyze changes in economic activity. Measures of civilian labor force, employment, and unemployment contain components such as age and sex. Statistics for all employees, production workers, average weekly hours, and average hourly earnings include components based on the employer's industry. All these statistics can be seasonally adjusted either by adjusting the total or by adjusting each of the components and combining them. The second procedure usually yields more accurate information and is therefore followed by BLS. For example, the seasonally adjusted figure for the civilian labor force is the sum of eight seasonally adjusted employment components and four seasonally adjusted unemployment components; the total for unemployment is the sum of the four unemployment components; and the official unemployment rate is derived by dividing the resulting estimate of total unemployment by the estimate of the civilian labor force. The numerical factors used to make the seasonal adjustments are recalculated regularly. For the household survey, the factors are calculated for the January-June period and again for the July-December period. The January revision is applied to data that have been published over the previous 5 years. For the establishment survey, updated factors for seasonal adjustment are calculated only once a year, along with the introduction of new benchmarks which are discussed at the end of the next section. Sampling variability Statistics based on the household and establishment surveys are subject to sampling error, that is, the estimate of the number of people employed and the other estimates drawn from these surveys probably differ from the figures that would be obtained from a complete census, even if the same questionnaires and procedures were used. In the household survey, the amount of the differences can be expressed in terms of standard errors. The numerical value of a standard error depends upon the size of the sample, the results of the survey, and other factors. However, the numerical value is always such that the chances are 68 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than the standard error from the results of a complete census. The chances are 90 out of 100 that an estimate based on the sample will differ by no more than 1.6 times the standard error from the results of a complete census. At the 90-percent level of confidence-the confidence limits used by BLS in its analyses-the error for the monthly change in total employment is on the order of plus or minus 279,000; for total unemployment it is 194,000; and, for the overall unemployment rate, it is 0.19 percentage point. These figures do not mean that the sample results are off by these magnitudes but, rather, that the chances are 90 out of 100 that the "true" level or rate would not be expected to differ from the estimates by more than these amounts. Sampling errors for monthly surveys are reduced when the data are cumulated for several months, such as quarterly or annually. Also, as a general rule, the smaller the estimate, the larger the sampling error. Therefore, relatively speaking, the estimate of the size of the labor force is subject to less error than is the estimate of the number unemployed. And, among the unemployed, the sampling error for the jobless rate of adult men, for example, is much smaller than is the error for the jobless rate of teenagers. Specifically, the error on monthly change in the jobless rate for men is .24 percentage point; for teenagers, it is 1.06 percentage points. In the establishment survey, estimates for the 2 most current months are based on incomplete returns; for this reason, these estimates are labeled preliminary in the tables. When all the returns in the sample have been received, the estimates are revised. In other words, data for the month of September are published in preliminary form in October and November and in final form in December. To remove errors that build up over time, a comprehensive count of the employed is conducted each year. The results of this survey are used to establish new benchmarks—comprehensive counts of employment—against which month-to-month changes can be measured. The new benchmarks also incorporate changes in the classification of industries and allow for the formation of new establishments. Additional statistics and other information In order to provide a broad view of the Nation's employment situation, BLS regularly publishes a wide variety of data in this news release. More comprehensive statistics are contained in Employment and Earnings, published each month by BLS. It is available for $3.25 per issue or $28.00 per year from the U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. 20204. A check or money order made out to the Superintendent of Documents must accompany all orders. Employment and Earnings also provides approximations of the standard errors for the household survey data published in this release. For unemployment and other labor force categories, the standard errors appear in tables B through J of its "Explanatory Notes." Measures of the reliability of the data drawn from the establishment survey and the actual amounts of revision due to benchmark adjustments are provided in tables M, P, Q, and R of that publication. HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-1. Employment status of the population by sex and age (Numbers in thousands) adjuttad Employment, statin, tax, and aft Nov. 1980 Oct. 1981 Nov. 1981 July 1981 Nov. 1980 &ug. 1981 Sept. 1981 Oct. 198 1 I'D V. 1981 TOTAL Total noninstitutional population1 Armed Forces' Civilian noninstitutional population1 Civilian labor force Participation rate Employed Employment-population ratio2 • • Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 167,201 2 , 119 165,082 105,287 63.8 97,801 58.5 3,214 94,586 7,486 7.1 59,795 169,252 2,158 167,095 106,926 64.0 98,902 58.4 3,517 95,385 8,024 7.5 60,169 169,435 2 , 158 167,277 106,864 167,201 2 , 119 165,082 105,285 63.9 98,393 6 3.8 97,339 58.1 3,238 95,155 8,470 58.2 3,340 7.9 60,413 93,999 7,946 7.5 59,797 168,685 2,139 166,546 106,464 63.9 98,962 58.7 , 3,258 95,704 7,502 7.0 60,082 168,855 2,160 166,695 106,602 64.0 98,944 58.6 3,370 95,574 7,657 7.2 60,093 169,049 2,165 166,884 106,236 63.7 98,270 58.1 3,310 94,959 7,966 7.5 60,648 16 9 , 2 5 2 2, 158 167, 095 106,736 6 3.9 98,217 58.0 3,337 94,880 8,520 8.0 60,3*9 16^,435 2,158 167,277 107,029 64. 0 98,025 57.9 3,3(3 94,662 9,004 8.4 60,248 Man, 16 yean and over Total noninstitutional population1 Armed Forces1 Civilian noninstitutional population1 Civilian labor force Participation rate Employed Employment-population ratio3 . . Unemployed Unemployment rata 80,091 1,954 78,137 59,972 76.8 55,826 69,7 81,051 1,976 79,075 60,443 76.4 56,269 69.4 4,146 4,174 6.9 6.9 71,768 1,673 72,915 1,707 71,208 81,136 1,974 79,162 60,334 76.2 55,668 68.6 4,666 7.7 80,091 1,954 78^137 60,388 77.3 55,897 69.8 4,491 7-4 80,783 1,960 78,823 80,863 60,473 76.7 56,494 69.9 3,979 6-6 60,584 76.8 56,368 69.7 4,216 7.0 60,699 72,586 1,692 70,894 72,687 1,709 70,978 72,798 1,713 71,086 55,957 56,045 79.0 52,724 72.5 2,402 50,323 1,980 78,884 80,955 1,983 78,972 76.9 56,349 69.6 4,349 7.2 81,051 1,976 79,075 60,734 76.8 56,046 69.1 4,688 7.7 81,13o 1,974 79,162 60,851 76 .9 55,783 68.8 5,068 9.3 Men, 20 yean and over Total noninstitutional population1 Armed Forces1 Civilian noninstitutional population1 Civilian labor force Participation rate Employed Employment-population ratio3 . . Agriculture, NonaoricuHural industries Unemployed Unemployment rata 70,095 55,408 79.0 52,199 72.7 2,375 49,824 3,209 56,065 78.7 52,733 72.3 2,495 50,239 3,332 5.8 5.9 87,110 165 86,945 45,315 52.1 41,975 48.2 3,340 7.4 88,201 181 88,020 46,482 52.8 42,633 48.3 3,850 8.3 73,020 1,689 71,331 55,970 78.5 52,303 71.6 71,768 1,673 2,360 49,943 3,667 6.6 70,095 55,539 79.2 52,007 7 2.5 2,372 49,635 3,532 6.4 88,299 87,110 78- 9 52,811 72.8 2,329 50,482 3,147 5-6 3,321 .5.9 52,608 72.3 2,, 3 4 3 72,915 1,707 71,208 56,100 78.8 52,327 71.3 2,388 73,020 1,6 89 71,331 56,194 78.8 52,151 71 . 4 2 , 3 58 50,264 3,455 6.2 49,939 3,773 6.7 49 ,794 4,043 7.2 88,094 182 87,912 45,537 51.8 41,920 88,201 181 88,020 88,299 184 88,115 46,178 52 . 4 42,241 47.8 56,063 78.9 Woman, IB yean and over Total noninstitutional population1 Armed Forces1 Civilian noninstitutional population1 Civilian labor force Participation rate Employed Employment-population ratio3 . . Unemployed Unemployment rate 51.6 87,901 179 87,723 45,991 52.4 41,442 42,467 48.4 3,804 8.2 47.6 3,455 7.7 48. 3 3,524 7.7 80,248 154 80,366 155 80,095 80,211 42,572 53.1 78,979 137 78,842 184 88,115 46,530 52.8 42,726 165 86,945 44,897 87,991 180 87,811 46,018 52.4 42,577 48.4 3,441 7.5 47.6 3,617 7.9 46,002 52.3 42,174 47.8 3,831 8.3 3,9 36 8 .5 Woman, 20 yeen and over Total noninstitutional population1 Armed Forces1 Civilian noninstitutional population1! Civilian labor force Participation rata Employed Employment-population ratio3 . . Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rata 78,979 137 78,842 41,150 52.2 38,497 48.7 532 37,964 2,653. 6.4 42,515 53.1 39,497 39,579 49.2 608 49.2 661 38,836 38,971 3,018 7.1 2,992 7-0 16,089 16,049 297 15,792 314 15,735 8,322 52.9 6,511 79,889 150 79,999 80,122 154 79,968 41,395 51.8 38,576 48.1 80,248 154 48.0 574 37,335 2*720 41,879 52.5 39,082 48.9 575 38,507 2,797 151 79,848 41,857 52.4 39,155 48.9 601 38,554 2,701 6.7 6.7 6.5 6.8 16,454 309 16,210 16,145 9,117 15,913 8,628 54.2 16,169 300 15,869 8,700 54.8 16,129 298 15,831 8,778 55.4 7,065 43.7 368 6,697 1,635 7,086 36 4 6,722 1,692 366 6,565 18.8 19.3 20.6 40,629 51.5 37,909 79,739 603 37,973 2,819 80,366 155 80,211 42,113 52.5 3 9 , 0 50 48.6 80,095 41,911 52.3 38,958 48.5 583 38,376 3 8 , 3 95 2,953 7.0 3,062 7.3 16,089 16,049 314 15,735 8,722 55 . 4 6,923 42.5 350 6 55 Both sexes, 16-19 yeert Total noninstitutional population1 Armed Forces1 Civilian noninstitutional population1 Civilian labor force Participation rate Employed Employment-population ratio3 . . Agriculture Nonagricultural industries Unemployed Unemployment rata 1 The population and Armed Forces figures are not identical numbers appear in the unadjusted and seasonally 16,454 309 16,145 8,730 54.1 7,105 43.2 308 6,798 1,625 18.6 ne* variatJoi 8,345 52-8 6^671 4.1.5 361 6,311 1,674 20.1 40.6 270 6,241 1,811 21.8 56.5 7,-423 45.1 394 7 , 029 1,694' 18.6 297 7,069 43.6 354 6,715 1,559 18.1 43.9 297 15,792 8,724 55.2 6,931 43.1 1,79 3 6,473 1,899 21 . 8 QMNMLfl tIRplOyVVIeM'Vt a{ • percent of trie tool nenfctttaJttonaJ population (induolnt Armed Forces). HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-2. Employment status of the population by race, sex, and age (Numbers in thousands) Employment status, raoa, tax, and age Nov. 1980 Oct. 1981 Nov. 1981 Nov. 1980 July 1981 Aug. 1981 Sept. 1981 Oct. 1981 WHITE Total noninttitutional population1 Armed Forces' Civilian noninttitutional population1 Civilian labor force Participation rate Employed Employment-populatio* ratio 2 . . . . Unemployed Unemployment rate 145,995 1r636 144,359 92,585 64.1 86,785 59. 4 5,801 6.3 147,524 1,654 145,871 93,957 64.4 87,894 59.6 6,063 5.5 147,656 1,649 146,007 93,920 64,3 87,365 59,2 6,555 7.0 145,995 1,636 144,359 92,562 64. 1 86,409 59.2 6 , 153 6.6 147,105 1,641 145,464 93,767 64.5 87,979 59.8 5,787 6,2 147,232 1,657 145,575 93,789 64.4 88,046 59.8 5,743 6.1 147,374 1,659 145,715 93,355 64. 1 87,329 59.3 6,026 6,5 147,524 1,654 145,871 93,845 64. 3 87,344 59.2 6,501 6.9 Man. 20 year* and over Civilian labor force Participation rate Employed Employment-population ratio* . . . . Unemployed Unemployment rata 49,355 79.6 46,837 74.0 2,519 5.1 4 9 , 8 69 79.3 47,312 73.7 2,557 5.1 49,820 79.1 46,977 73.0 2,843 5.7 49,481 79.8 46,684 73.7 2,797 5,7 49,952 79.7 47,501 74.2 2,451 4.9 49,898 79.5 47,338 73.9 2,561 5.1 49,888 79.4 47, 231 73.6 2,658 5.3 U9,932 79.4 46, 983 73.1 2,94 9 5.9 Woman, 20 yean and over Civilian labor force Participation rata Employed Employment-population ratio3 . . . . Unemployed Unemployment rate 35,444 51.6 33,448 48.6 1,996 5.6 36,627 52.5 34,398 49.3 2,229 6.1 36,675 52.5 34,404 49.2 2, 271 6,2 34,972 50.9 32,94 4 47.9 2,028 5.8 36,106 52.0 34 , 0 1 1 48.9 2,095 5.8 36,047 51.8 34,087 49.0 1,960 5.4 35,643 51.2 33,603 48.2 2,040 b. 7 36,180 51.9 33,990 48.7 2,190 6. 1 7,786 57.3 6,500 47.0 1,286 16.5 18.6 14.3 7,461 56.4 6,184 45.9 1,276 17.. 1 16.9 17.3 7,425 56.3 5,98 3 44.6 1*441 19.4 20.8 17.8 8,109 59.7 6,781 49.1 1,328 16.4 17.7 14.9 7,709 57.7 6,467 47.6 1,242 16. 1 16.1 16.2 7,843 58.9 6,621 48.9 1,222 15.6 16.1 15.0 7,823 59.0 6 , 4 95 48. 1 1,328 17.0 17.2 16.8 7,733 58.4 6,371 47.3 1, 362 17.6 17.5 17.7 Both sexes, 16-19 yean Civilian labor force Participation rate Employed Employment-population ratio3 . . . . Unemployed Unemployment rate BLACK AND OTHER Total noninstitutional population1 Armed Forcesi Civilian noninttitutional population1 Civilian labor force , Participation rate Employed Employment-population ratio 1 . . . . Unemployed. Unemployment rata 21,206 483 20,723 12,702 61.3 11,016 51.9 1,686 13.3 21,728 504 21,224 12,969 61.1 11,008 50.7 1,961 15.1 21,779 509 21,270 12,944 60.9 11,029 50.6 1,915 14„8 21,206 483 20,723 12,706 61.3 10,922 51.5 1,784 14.0 21,579 498 21,081 12,658 60.0 10,939 50.7 1,719 13.6 21,623 503 21,120 12,793 60.6 10,877 50-3 1,916 15^0 21,675 506 2 1 , 169 12,872 60.8 10,924 5Q.4 1,94 8 15.1 21,728 5 04 21,224 12,913 60.8 10,905 50.2 2,008 15.5 Man, 20 yean and ovar Civilian labor force Participation rata Employed Employment-population ratio3 . . . . Unemployed Unemployment rate 6,052 75.0 5,362 63.5 690 11.4 6,197 74.8 5,422 62.5 775 12.5 6,150 7*C0 5,326 61.2 824 13.4 6,042 74.9 5,315 63.0 727 12.0 6,028 73.3 5,326 61.9 702 11.6 6,136 7 4.5 5,373 62.3 763 12.4 6,170 74.7 5,366 62.0 804 13.0 6,157 74.3 5,337 61.5 820 13.3 Woman, 20 yean and ovar Civilian labor force Participation rata Employed Employment-population ratio3 Unemployed Unemployment rata 5,706 56.5 5,049 49.8 657 11.5 5,888 56.7 5,100 48.9 788 13.4 5,897 56.7 5,175 49.5 721 12.2 5,652 56.0 4„965 49.0 687 12.2 5,729 55.6 5,040 48.8 689 12.0 5,751 55.7 5,012 48.4 739 12.8 5,767 55.7 4,974 47.9 793 13.7 5,787 55.8 5,015 48. 1 772 13.3 943 36.8 60 5 23.0 339 35.9 35.6 36.3 885 34.5 487 18*5 3 98 45*0 40.5 49.1 897 35. 1 528 20.1 370 41.2 40.3 •42* 1 1,012 39.5 642 24.4 370 36.6 3S..9 37.4 901 35.. 2 573 21.8 328 36.4 3a.6 33.8 906 3 5.4 492 18.7 414 45.7 47.1 4JU0 935 36.. 5 584 22.2 351 37.5 36.3 38.9 970 37.9 554 21. 1 416 42.9 39.9 45.7 Both aaxet, 16-19 yean Civilian labor force Participation rata Employed Employment-population ratio3 Unemployed Unemployment rata 1 The population and Armed Forces figurai ara not adjuatad for w o n t ! variation*; therefore, identical number* appear in tha unadjusted and seasonally adjusted eoiumna. 3 Civilian employment « a paroant of tha total noninttitutional population tindudtnf Armed Forces). HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-3. Selected employment indicators (in thousands) Catagory Oct. 1981 Nov. 198 1 98,270 38,169 23,174 4,915 98,217 38,059 23,399 4,947 98,025 37,798 23,326 4,948 52,123 16,299 11,217 6,369 18,238 31,113 12,508 10,501 3,499 4,605 13,002 2,732 51,826 16,254 11,341 6,295 17,937 30,637 12,202 10,334 3,453 4,649 13,093 2,717 52,104 16,347 11,434 6,225 18,099 30,222 12,124 10,187 3,530 4,381 13,231 2,752 51,935 16,284 11,210 6,269 18,172 2 9 , 9 04 12,096 9 , 9 13 3,364 4,531 13,419 2,791 1,457 1,568 235 1,472 1,629 250 1,416 1,649 254 1,470 1,616 264 1,395 1,631 3 33 86,643 15,651 70,992 1 , 148 69,844 6,943 405 88,291 15,349 72,942 1,211 71,731 6,886 389 88,189 15,140 73,048 1,236 71,812 6,942 378 87,457 15,111 72,346 1,052 71,294 7,093 39 2 87,556 15,151 72,405 1,114 71r291 7,033 448 87,265 15,066 72,199 1,173 71,026 7,001 4 23 88,694 72,265 4,176 1,620 2,556 12,253 90,837 74,232 4,225 1,632 2,593 12,380 89,823 72,932 4,187 1,654 2,533 12,704 88,886 72,192 4,537 1,675 2,862 12,157 89,448 72,187 5,026 2,023 3,003 12,235 89,359 7 2 , 2 76 4,988 1,898 3,090 12,094 Nov. 1980 Nov. 1981 Nov, 1980 July 1981 Aug. 1981 97,801 38,369 23,637 4,750 98,393 37,987 23,862 4,988 97,339 38,167 23,065 4,707 98,962 38,283 23,820 4,847 98,944 38,315 23,683 4,895 51 558 16 , 0 3 3 11 , 0 1 6 6 2 53 18 , 2 5 5 30 , 7 7 7 12 , 4 6 9 10 , 5 0 9 3 ,505 4, 2 9 3 12 , 8 5 4 2 ,612 52,28 1 16,447 11,165 6,369 18,299 30,085 12,120 10,141 3,448 4,377 13,357 2,670 51,148 15,863 11,016 6,155 18,114 30,550 12,424 10,247 3,429 4,450 12,888 2,729 51,857 15,966 11,418 6,220 18,254 31,038 12,575 10,567 3,481 4,415 13,284 2 , 6 89 1,332 1,602 281 1,324 1,623 291 1,417 1,612 324 87,332 15,888 71,444 1,186 70,258 6,889 3 65 87,807 15,292 72,514 1,198 71,316 6,966 382 91,095 73,668 3,902 1,532 2,370 13,525 91,642 73,649 4,665 1,788 2,877 13,328 Sept. 1981 CHARACTERISTIC Total employed, 16 years and over Married men, spouse present Married women, spouse present Women who maintain families OCCUPATION White-collar workers Professional and technical Managers and administrators, except farm Sales workers Clerical workers Blue-collar workers Craft and kindred workers Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Farm workers MAJOR INDUSTRY AND CLASS OF WORKER Agriculture: Wage and salary workers. Self-employed workers. . Unpaid family workers. . Nonagriculturai industries: Wage and salary workers. Government Private industries. . . . Private households. Other industries . . Self-employed worker!. . Unpaid family workers. . PERSONS AT WORK 1 Nonagriculturai industries Full-time schedules Part tima for economic reasons . . . Usually work full time Usually work part time Part time for noneconomic reasons. 1 Excludes persons "with a job but not at work" during the survey period for such reasons as vacation, illness, or industrial disputes. Table A-4. Range off unemployment measures based on varying definitions off unemployment and the labor fforpe, seasonally adjusted (Percent) III U-1 Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the civilian labor forca U-2 Job losers as a percent of the civilian labor force U-3 Unemployed persons 25 years and ovar as a percent of the civilian laber forca 25 years and over. U-4 Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the fuH-time labor force U-6 Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor forca (official measure) U-6 Total full-time jobseekers plus % part-time jobseekers plus K total on part tima for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian labor force less % of the part-time labor force U-7 N.A. - not available. IV II 2.0 2.2 2.1 4.1 4.0 3.7 5.5 5.4 5.2 7,3 7.3 7,1 7,1 7.5 7,5 7^4 7.4 9.6 9.6 9.4 9.3 10.5 10.5 10.5 10.2 Total full-time jobsaekars plus V4 part-time jobseekers plus % total on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a percent of tha civilian labor forca plus discouraged workers lass % of the part-tima labor force 1981 1981 1980 2.1 3.8 5^2 III Sept. Oct. • ov. 2.0 2.1 2.1 2.2 3.7 4.1 4.1 4.5 5,2 5.4 5.8 6.1 6.9 7.2 7.7 8. 1 7.2 7,5 8.0 8.4 9*6 10.% 10.8 9.3 10.2 HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-5. Major unemployment Indicators, seasonally adjusted No?. 1980 Nov. 1981 Nov. 1980 July 1981 Aug. 1981 Sept. 1981 Oct. 1981 Nov. 1981 7.0 5.6 6.7 18.1 7.2 5.9 6-5 18.8 7.5 6.2 6.8 19.3 8.0 6.7 7.0 20.6 8.4 7.2 7.3 21.8 3.9 5.3 9.8 4.3 5.9 10.6 4.7 6..1 10.7 5.1 6.6 10.9 CHARACTERISTIC Total, 16 yaart and owar Man, 20 yaart and over Woman, 20 yean and ovar Both sexes, 16-19 yaart 7,946 3,532 2,720 1,694 9,004 4,043 3,062 1,899 7.5 6-,4 6.7 18.6 Married man, tpouta prs Married woman, tpouta pratant Woman who maintain familial 1,761 1,437 513 2,044 1,654 606 4.4 5.9 9.9 Full-time workaa Part-time worker* Labor force time loct1 6,632 1,312 7,403 1>, 580 7.4 8.6 8.3 6.7 9-3 7.9 6.7 9.7 7.9 7*2 9.6 8.5 7.7 9.5 9. 1 2 , 0 68 414 273 312 1,069 3,674 951 1,531 4 07 785 1,162 11U 2,301 444 342 342 1,173 4,019 1,103 1,636 4 05 875 1,459 182 3»9 2.5 2„4 4^,8 5.6 10.7 7.1 13.0 10.6 15.0 8.3 4.0 4.1 2.8 2.7 5.1 5.7 9.4 6.7 11.1 6.9 14.2 8.0 4.5 3.9 2.4 2.8 4.7 5.6 9.3 6.9 11.0 7.9 12.9 8.9 5.6 4*1 2.8 2.7 5*2 5.7 10.2 7.6 11.5 8.9 14*4 8.9 3.7 4.1 2.6 2.7 4.9 6.1 11.0 8.4 12.8 7.9 15.7 9.3 6*1 6,028 756 2,023 1,247 776 2 76 1,576 1,288 6 81 160 6 , 6 75 904 2,130 1,288 842 316 1,731 1,502 841 235 7,8 14.8 8.9 9.0 8.6 4-9 8.2 5.5 4.2 10. 1 7.2 15.0 7.3 7.3 7.3 4.0 7.9 5.6 4.5 10.3 7.2 16.7 7.0 6.4 7.9 4.8 7.8 5.6 4.4 12.6 7.6 16..3 7.8 7.6 8.0 4.0 8.6 5.9 4.6 TO.6 8.1 18.0 8.6 8.6 8.6 4.6 8.3 6*3 4.6 13.3 3, 5. 11. OCCUPATION 3 White-collar worker* Profeetional and technical Managers and administrator*, except farm . . . Seles workert Clerical worker* Blue-collar worker* Craft and kindred worker* Operatives, except transport Transport equipment operatives Nonfarm laborers Service workers Farm workers 4.2 2.7 3.0 5.2 6.1 11 . 8 8.4 14.2 10.7 16.2 9.8 6.1 INDUSTRY 3 Nonagrkurtural private wage and salary worker*' Construction Manufacturing Durable goods Nondurable goods Ti W Finance and service industries . . . Government workers Agricultural wage and salary workers. 1 Aggregate hours lost by the unemployed and persons on part time for cent of potentially available labor force hours. 3 Unemployment by occupation indudat all experienced unemployed industry covert only unemployed wage and salary workers. Includes mining, not shown separately. that by Table A-6. Duration of unemployment (Numbers in thousands) Not saaaonaajy Nov. 1981 Nov. 1980 July 1981 Aug. 1981 Sept. 1981 Oct. 1981 NOT. 1980 3,011 2,430 2,045 1,031 1,014 3,659 2,749 2,062 1,041 1,021 3,108 2., 524 2^,329 1,213 1,116 3,187 2,196 2,100 1,068 1,032 3,161 2,.3 45 2,194 1,059 1,135 3,383 2,489 2,212 1,151 1,06 1 3,652 2,605 2,251 1,156 1,095 3,815 2,861 2,330 1,213 1,117 13.3 7.2 13.0 6.5 13.6 7.7 13.9 7.0 14.5 7.0 13.7 7.0 13.7 6.7 13.2 6.9 100.0 40.2 32.5 27.3 13.8 13.5 100.0 43.2 32-5 24.3 12.3 12. 1 100.0 39-0 31.7 29.3 15.2 14.0 100.0 42.6 29.3 28.1 14.3 13.8 100.0 41.0 30.5 28.5 13.8 14.7 100.0 41.8 30. 8 27.4 14.2 13.1 ioa.o 100.0 42 . 4 31.8 25.9 13.5 12.4 Nov. 1981 DURATION 5 to 14 weeks 15 weeks and over 27 weeks and over Average (meen) duration, in weeks Median duration, in weeks PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed Lett than 5 weeks 5 to 14 week* 15 to 26 week* | 42.9 30.6 26.5 13.6 12.9 HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-7. Reason for unemployment (Numbers In thousands) Nov. 1930 Nov. 1981 Nov. 1980 July 1981 Auq. 198 1 Sept. 1981 Oct. 1981 Nov. 198 1 3,900 1,217 2,683 4,451 1,520 2,931 894 2,219 4,229 1,453 2,776 3,691 1 , 178 2,513 897 1,896 890 898 2,022 873 3,929 1,205 2,724 838 1,939 4,338 1,412 2,925 889 1,949 4,422 1,607 2,815 962 2,172 944 953 987 4 , 7 86 1,790 2,996 3 86 2,311 9 77 100.0 53.5 18.4 35.1 11.3 24.0 11.2 100.0 49.3 15.7 33.6 12.0 27.0 11.7 100.0 51.4 15.7 35.6 11.0 25.4 12.3 100.0 51.8 18.8 33.0 11 . 3 25.4 11 . 6 100.0 53.4 20.0 33.4 9 .9 25.8 10.9 4.0 .9 3.5 .8 3.7 1.8 .8 1.9 .8 1.8 .9 NUMBER OF UNEMPLOYED Lost last job On layoff Other job losers U f t last job Reentered labor force Seeking first job 904 1,849 833 906 PERCENT DISTRIBUTION Total unemployed Job losers On layoff Other job losers Job leavers Reentrants New entrants 100. 52. 16. 35. 12. 24, 11. 100, 52. 17. 34. 10. 26, 10. 100. 53. 17. 36. 10, 24. 11. UNEMPLOYED AS A PERCENT OP THE CIVILIAN LABOR FORCE 3.7 .9 1.8 .8 2.1 .8 4. 1 .8 1.8 .9 4.1 .9 2.0 .9 2.2 .9 Table A-8. Unemployment by sex and age, seasonally adjusted mptoyment rates Sex and ate Nov. 1980 Total, 16 years and o v e r . . . 16 to 24 years. 16to19years. 16to 1 7 y e a r s . . . . 18 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years 26 years and over 26 to 64 years 56 years and over Men, 16 years and over.. 16 to 24 years. 16tDl9years. 16 to 17 years. . 18 to 19 years.. 20 to 24 years. 26 years and over 26 to 64 years. 56 years and over . . Women, 16 years and over. 16 to 24 years. 16 to 19 years. 16 to 17 years... 18 to 19 years... 20 to 24 years. 26 years and over 26 to 54 years. 66 years and over . . Nov. 1981 7,946 3,567 1,694 794 893 1,873 4,342 3,874 . 489 9,004 3,914 1,899 808 1,084 2,015 5,034 4,525 538 4,491 2,054 959 450 504 1,095 5,068 2,233 1,025 435 587 1,208 2,406 Nov. 1980 7.5 14.5 July 1981 5.9 3*3 7.0 13.7 18.1 19.3 17.7 11.3 5.1 5.4 3.5 2,790 7.4 15.6 19.8 22.3 17.8 13.2 5.1 13,8 18.4 19.8 17.8 11.3 4.7 2,149 293 2,514 317 5.6 3.3 4.9 3.4 3,455 1,513 735 344 3,936 7.7 13.6 17.7 389 497 778 807 2,244 2,011 222 7.7 13.2 17.2 20.3 15.1 10.8 5.8 1,936 1,725 196 1,681 874 373 18.6 21.4 1.6.5 12..1 5.4 6.2 3.4 6.6 18.7 17.5 11.3 5.7 6. 1 3.7 Auq. 1981 7.2 14.3 18.8 20.5 17.4 11.8 5.1 5..4 3.5 7.0 15.2 19.7 21.5 18.1 12.7 4.8 5.0 3.4 7.5 13.4 17.8 19.5 16.8 10*8 5.5 5.9 3.6 Sept. 1981 7.5 14.7 19.3 21.2 18.1 12.1 5.4 5.8 3.8 7.2 15.2 19.3 Oct. 1981 8.0 15.6 20.6 21.4 19,9 12.8 5.8 6.1 3.9 7.7 16.0 21.2 19.7 20.6 18.1 12.9 5.0 5.5 3.5 19.1 13.9 5.5 5.9 3.8 7.9 21.1 18.1 11.2 8.3 15.1 21.5 22.4 20.8 11.5 5.9 6.3 4.4 4.1 14.2 19.3 6.1 6^5 Nov. 1981 8.4 16.2 21.8 23.1 20.7 13.0 6.1 6.6 3.7 8.3 17.3 22.0 23.0 21.2 14 . 6 5.8 6.4 3.6 6.9 3.8 HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Table A-9. Employment status of the black and Hispanic-origin population (Numbers in thousands) Employment status Nov. 1980 Nov. 1981 Nov. 1980 July 1981 Aug. 1981 Sept. 1981 Oct. 1981 Nov. 1981 17,579 10,710 60.9 9,174 1,536 14.3 6,869 17,952 10,927 60.9 9,173 1r754 16.1 7,025 17,579 10,716 61.0 9,097 1 , 619 15.1 6,863 17,828 10,654 59.8 9,118 1,536 14.4 7,174 17,852 10,764 60.3 9,016 1,748 16.2 7,088 17,886 10,900 60.9 9,119 1,781 16.3 6 , 986 17,923 10, 920 60.9 9 , 0 92 1,82 8 16.7 7 , 003 17,952 10,936 60.9 9,104 1,833 16.8 7,016 8,82U 5,643 64.0 5,088 555 9.8 3,181 9,188 5,902 64.2 5,247 655 11.1 3,287 8,824 5,696 64.6 5,116 580 10.2 3 , 128 8,950 5,656 63.2 5,096 559 9.9 3,294 9,050 5,665 62.6 5,116 549 9.7 3,385 9,098 5,757 63.3 5,224 533 9.3 3,34 1 9 , 189 5,878 64.0 5,238 640 10.9 3,311 9,188 5,970 65.0 5,279 6 92 11.6 3,218 BLACK 1 Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Participation rate Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force HISPANIC ORIGIN 1 Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Participation rate Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Not in labor force 1 Data relate to black workers only. In the 1970 census, they constituted about 88 percent of the "black and other" population group. census, approximately 98 percent of t Table A-10. Employment status of male Vietnam-era veterans and nonveterans by age, not seasonally adjusted (Numbers in thousands) Unemployed Employed Total, 25 years and o v r . 25 to 39 years. . . 25 to 29 years. . . 30 to 34 years. . . 35 to 39 year*. . . . 40 years and over . . . NOV. 1980 Nov. 1981 Nov. 1980 Nov. 1981 Nov. 1980 Nov. 1981 8,401 7,323 1,625 3,531 2,167 1,078. 8,638 7,300 1,401 3,200 2,699 1,338 7,972 7,033 1,529 3,406 2,098 939 8,190 7,015 1,304 3,082 2 , 6 29 1,175 7,514 6,611 1,395 3,217 1,999 903 7,661 6,538 1,155 2,891 2,492 1,123 458 422 134 189 99 36 15,028 6,812 4,597 3,619 15,809 7,056 5,165 3,588 14,173 6,326 4,355 3,492 14,739 6,479 4,865 3,395 855 486 242 127 NOV. 1980 Nov. 1980 Nov. 1981 529 477 149 191 137 52 5.7 6.0 8.8 5.5 4.7 3.8 6.5 6.8 11 . 4 6.2 5.2 4,4 1,070 577 300 193 5.7 7.1 5.3 3.5 6,8 8.2 5.8 5.4 Nov. 1981 NONVETERANS Total, 25 to 39 years . 25 to 29 years. . . . 30 to 34 years. . . . 35 to 39 years. . . . 15,791 7,214 4,797 3,780 16,669 7,490 5,405 3,774 NOTE: Vietnam-era veterans are males Who served in She Armed Forces between August 5, 1964 and May 7, 1975. Nonveterans are males who have nmm served in the Armed Forces; published data are limited to those 25 to 39 years of aga, the group that most closely corresponds to the bulk of the population. Data for 2TMo-24-yeer-o»d « disappearing (into the 25-29 aga category) i : their continued publication. not large enough to HOUSEHOLD DATA HOUSEHOLD DATA Tabta A-11. Employmant status of tha noninstitutional population for tha tan largast Statas [Numbers in thousands) Not seasonally adjuitad State and amploymant ttatui California , Civilian noninstitutional population' Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate • • • • • • • Nov. 1980 Oct. 1981 Nov. 1981 Nov. 1980 July 1981 Aug. 1981 17,236 11,325 10,540 785 6.9 17,521 11,485 10,607 878 7.6 17,546 11,506 10,6.08 898 7.8 17,236 11,312 10,497 815 7.2 17,444 11,340 10,521 819 7.2 17,466 11,397 10,62 9 768 6.7 7,044 3,989 3,766 223 5.6 7,225 4,192 3,864 328 7.8 7,241 4,165 3,850 314 7.5 7,044 4,023 3,799 224 5.6 7,175 4,125 3,880 245 5.9 8,345 5,522 5,062 460 8.3 8,391 5,560 5,110 451 8. 1 8,396 5,526 5,065 461 8.3 8,345 5,491 5,001 490 8.9 4,430 2,947 2,812 135 4.6 4,464 3,043 2,831 212 7.0 4,468 3,062 2,867 195 6.4 6,830 4,305 3, 756 549 12.8 6,895 4,438 3,926 512 11. 5 5,584 3,581 3,330 252 7.0 13,328 7,93 9 7,358 581 7.3 Sept. 1981 Oct. 1981 Nov. 1981 17,493 11,348 10,528 820 7.2 17,521 11,488 10,556 932 8. 1 17,546 11,504 10,566 938 8,2 7,189 4, 165 3,900 265 6.4 7,207 4,131 3,829 302 7.3 7,225 4, 198 3,893 305 7.3 7,241 4,211 3,890 321 7.6 8,379 5,530 5,117 413 7.5 8,381 5,544 5,076 468 8.4 8,386 5,520 5,057 463 8.4 8,391 5,519 5,060 459 8,3 8,396 5,496 5,008 488 8. 9 4,430 2,964 2,811 153 5.2 4,455 2,966 2,771 195 6.6 4,457 2,992 2,785 207 6.. 9 4,461 2,962 2,773 189 6.4 4,464 3,060 2,819 241 7.9 4,468 3,073 2,857 216 7.0 6, 901 4,404 3,883 521 11.8 6,830 4,296 3,718 578 13.5 6,878 4,423 3,923 500 11.3 6,882 4,456 3,963 493 11.1 6,888 4,388 3,874 514 11.7 6,895 4,445 3,882 563 12.7 6,901 4,392 3,843 549 12.5 5,627 3,566 3,337 229 6.4 5,631 3,559 3,310 249 7.0 5,584 3,554 3,284 270 7.6 5,615 3,556 3,342 214 6.0 5,618 3,520 3,282 238 6.8 5,622 3,497 3,265 232 6.6 5,627 3,566 3,312 254 7.1 5,631 3,550 3,283 267 7.5 13,342 7,887 7,357 530 6.7 13,342 7,852 7,278 574 7.3 13,328 7,972 7,379 593 7.4 13,339 7,963 7,361 602 7.6 13,337 7,931 7,370 561 7.1 13,338 7,962 7,417 ,54 5 6.8 13,342 7,965 7,412 553 6.9 13,342 7,894 7,303 591 7.5 8,006 5,112 4,649 463 9. 1 8,055 5,112 4,607 505 9.9 8,060 5,151 4,589 562 10.9 8,006 5,067 4,578 489 9.7 8,042 5,144 4,686 458 8.9 8,045 5,111 4,624 487 9.5 8,049 5,048 4,528 520 10.3 .8,055 5,051 4,524 527 10.4 8,060 5,119 4,534 585 11.4 8,974 5,440 5,028 412 7.6 9,015 5,472 5,005 467 8.5 9,018 5,463 4,991 473 8.7 8,974 5,401 4,973 428 7.9 9,004 5,474 5,042 432 7.9 9,005 5,485 5,070 415 7.6 9,009 5,405 4,962 443 8.2 9,015 5,443 4,973 470 8.6 9,018 5,426 4,938 488 9.0 9,822 6,510 6, 148 3.6 3 5.6 10,012 6,726 6,416 311 4.6 10,029 6,767 6,3 94 373 5.5 9,822 6,481 6,119 362 5.6 9,960 6,646 6,307 339 5.1 9,976 6,625 6,271 354 5.3 9,993 6,723 6,349 374 5.6 10,012 6,713 6,370 343 5. 1 Florida Civilian noninstitutional population 1 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate III! Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Massachusetts Civilian noninstitutional population Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Mk Civilian noninstitutional population ' Civiliafi labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate New Jar say Civilian noninstitutional population ' . Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate New York Civilian noninstitutional population 1 Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Ohio Civilian noninstitutional population 1 Civilian labor force * Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Pfcnn Civilian noninstitutional population' Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate Texas Civilian noninstitutional population' Civilian labor force Employed Unemployed Unemployment rate 1 Tha population figuras are not adjusted for seasonal variations; tharafora, idantical numban appaar in tha unadjusted and tha seasonally adjusted columns. * These are tha official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates usad in tha administration of Federal fund allocation programs. 10,029 6,760 6,390 370 5 ^ ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls by industry (In thousands) Seasonally adjusted Not seasonally adjusted Industry Total Goods-producing Mining Nov. 1980 Sept. 1981 Oct. 1981 Nov. 1981 91,599 92,159 92,389 25,8771 26,285 26,013! 1,051 1,169 1,166 Nov. 1980 July 1981 Aug. 1981 92,331 90,844 91,880 91,901 92,033 25,701 25,629 25,939 25,931 25,930 25,459 1,151 1,162 1,179 1,177 1,052 4,382 1,132 Sept. 1981 Oc t. 1981 Nov. 1981 4,533 4,516 4,494 4,389 4,272 4,275 4,272 Manufacturing Production workers 20,293 14,190 20,600 14,376 20,353 14,138 20,142 20,188 13,935 14,081 20,535 14,327 20,505 14,294 20,496 14,281 227 018 20,038 13,825 Durable goods Production workers 12,156 8,391 12,292 8,440 12,157 8,312 12,021 8,173 12,090 8,320 12,333 8,491 12,332 8,485 12,311 8,465 108 265 11,953 8,103 691.0 484.7 664.5 1,138.8 1,607.5 2,540.7 2,164.8 1,848.3 723.1 428.7 666.1 482.0 653.a 1,108.0 1,584.3 2,527.8 2,157.7 1,829.9 719.2 429.3 647 473 642 1,097 1,562 2,525 2,133.1 1,796.9 715.3 426.6 683 463 658 1,126 1,582 2,489 2,096 1,874 712 407 702 488 658 1,140 1,614 2,533 2,163 1,886 723 426 686 487 660 1,148 1,610 2,542 2,166 1,889 727 417 677 654 485 479 655 645 1, 139 1 ,1 12 1,606 1 ,575 ! 2,551 I 2 ,548 j 2,163 ,149 j 1,889 808 | 727 722 i 419 416 | 8,308 5,936 8,196 5,826 8,121 5,762 8,098 5,761 8,202 5,836 8,173 5,809 8,185 5,816 ,119 I 719, 75. 847. 262. 691. 268. 100. 209. 730. 232. 1,776.1 77.7 850.2 1,287.3 702.0 1,294.1 1,110.5 212.7 760.8 237.0 1,721.8 77.1 833.7 1,272.7 692.8 1,298.7 1,103.3 211.0 748.2 236.7 1,674.2 75.4 827.3 1,260.4 691.5 1,308.6 1,101.3 210.2 738.2 '234.2 1,705 71 844 1,253 692 1,265 1,103 209 725 231 1,691 71 856 1,278 696 1,290 1,110 212 760 238 1,668 73 849 1,272 698 1,295 1,106 212 764 236 1,669 71 849 1,273 703 1,301 1,112 211 760 236 668 70 833 258 693 301 ,107 210 744 235 65,722 65,874 66,376 66,630 65,215 5,147 5,222 5,200 Wholesale and retail trade 20,761 20,919 Wholesale trade 5,312 15,449 5,370 15,549 5,223 5,361 5,348 18,118 18,812 16,473 15,560 Construction Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products Primary metal products Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment . Transportation equipment Instruments and related products ., Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Production workers Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products , Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products Service-producing Transportation and public utilities 687, 468. 665. 1,123. 1,597. 2,479. 2,109. 1,894, 711, 417. 8,137 5,799 4,242 ! I ,753 ; ! i | ! | ; I j I ! 642 468 635 1,099 1, 545 2, 536 2, 120 1,777 715 416 8,085 5,722 ,661 71 823 ,252 692 ,306 , 105 210 733 232 65,941 |65,970 66,103 147 ,102 5,114 5,167 5,170 5,186 164 ,161 20,993 21,136 20,464 20,796 |20,862 20,872 910 ,826 5,381 15,612 5,378 5,296 15,758 15,168 5,360 15,436 5,375 15,487 5,370 15,502 360 550 5,,362 15,,464 5,235 5,344 5,354 5,366 ,359 355 18,820 18,790 18,160 18,642 8,667 18,774 ,7 82 828 16,015 16,163 16,242 15,992 15,917 15,905 ,932 932 2,796 13,446 2,777 13,215 2,770 13,147 2,765 13,140 ,756 ,176 757 175 5,197 Retail trade 5,344 Finance, insurance, and real estate Services Government Federal government State and local government p = preliminary. 2,776 13,697 2,735 12,825 2,734 13,281 2,738 13,425 P ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-2. Average weekly hours off production or nonsupervlsory workers1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by Industry Seasonally adjusted Not seasonally adjusted Industry Nov. 1980 Total private Mining Sept. 1981 Oct. 1981 pj 35.3 35.0 35.1 43.6 43.8 44.4 Nov. Nov. 1981 P| 1980 35.1 July 1981 Aug. 1981 Sept. 1981 Oct. 1981 Nov. 1981 35.3 35.3 35.2 34.9 35.0 35. 1 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Construction 36.8 35.7 37.3 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) Manufacturing Overtime hours 40.2 3. 1 39.5 2.9 39.6 2.8 39.7 2.6 39.8 3.0 40.0 3.0 40.0 3.0 39.3 2.7 39.5 2.7 39.3 2.5 Durable goods Overtime hours 40.7 3. 1 39.8 2.8 40.0 2.7 40.0 2.5 40.4 3.0 40.5 3.0 40.5 3.0 39.7 2.6 39.9 2.6 39.7 2.4 39.2 38.4 41.4 40.8 40.9 41.3 40.4 41.7 40.9 39. 1 37.9 37.7 40.6 40.8 39. 40. 39. 39. 40. 38. 38. 1 38.8 40, 39. 40. 40, 40. 40. 40. 39. 37. 38. 40. 39. 40. 40. 39. 40. 40. 39. 39.1 38.0 40.9 40.8 40, 41, 39. 41. 40. 38. 38, 40, 40. 40. 41. 40. 41. 40. 39. 38 38 40 40 40 41 40 41 40.8 39.1 37, 37, 40. 40. 39. 40, 39, 39. 40. 38. 37.5 38.3 40.1 39.8 4 0 .. 0 4 0 .. 7 4 0 .. 0 40.1 40, 38, 37.7 37.7 40.4 39.6 39.6 40.5 39.2 40.4 40.0 39.0 39.4 3.0 39. 1 3. 1 39.1 2.9 39.2 2.8 39.1 2.9 39.3 2.9 39.3 2. 9 38.9 2.8 39.0 2.8 38.8 2. 7 40. 1 40.1 40.3 35.4 42.8 37.2 42.0 43.6 41.1 36.3 39.8 40.2 38.9 35.2 43.2 37.4 42.2 44.4 39.8 36.0 39.6 39.6 39.5 35.9 42.5 37.2 41.4 43.8 40.3 36.7 39.8 38.9 39.4 35.9 42.6 37.2 42.0 43.8 39, 36. 39.8 (2) 39.9 35.2 42.4 36.8 41.6 42.9 40.8 36.3 39.4 (2) 40.4 35.9 42.7 37.3 41.8 43.1 40.5 36.5 39.4 (2) 40.3 36.1 42.7 37.3 41.7 42.8 40.6 36.9 39.2 (2) 38.9 35. 43, 37, 42, 43, 39, 36, 39.5 (2) 39.4 35.8 42.5 37.1 41.4 42.8 40. 1 36.8 39.5 (2) 39.0 35.7 42.2 36.8 41.6 43.1 39.4 36.7 39.7 39.2 39.4 39.5 (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) (2) 32.2 32. 1 32. 1 31.9 32.0 38.4 29.9 38.8 29.9 Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass p r o d u c t s . . . Primary metal products Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment Transportation equipment Instruments and related products . Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Overtime hours Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products . Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products . . . . Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade 32.1 32.? 31.9 31.9 32.2 Wholesale trad<J 38.5 30.0 38.5 30.2 38.6 29.8 38.8 29.8 38. 5 30.2 38.7 30.1 38.6 30.1 38.5 30.1 36.3 36.0 36.2 36.4 (2) (2^ (2) (2) (2) (2) 32.6 32.4 32.5 32.5 32.7 32.5 32.4 32.4 32.5 32.6 Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate P Services 1 Data relate to production workers in mining and manufacturing; to construction workers in construction; and to nonsupervlsory workers in transportation and public utilities; wholesale and retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account for approximately four-fifths of the total employees on private nonagricultural payrolls. * This series is not published seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or irregular components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagricultural payrolls by industry Average hourly earnings Average weekly earnings Industry Total private Nov. 1980 Sept. 1981 $6.92 6.90 $7.40 7.37 Nov . 1980 $7.42 7.39 $7.46 7.44 Sept. 1981 Nov. 1981 $244.28 $259.00 $260.44 $261.85 261. 14 257.2 1 243.57 258.65 Seasonally adjusted 9.49 10.29 10.24 11.02 7.60 8. 15 8. 1 1 468.30 Mining 393.41 406.64 Construction 324.75 8. 18 Manufacturing Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products . . . Primary metal products Fabricated metal products . Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment . Transportation equipment Instruments and related products . Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products . Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products Transportation and public utilities Wholesale and retail trade Wholesale tTade 8.68 8.69 8.74 330.08 345.46 347.60 349.60 6.76 5.63 7.81 10.29 7.77 8.38 7.27 9.87 7.01 5.62 7.15 6.00 8.53 11.22 8.34 8.98 7.79 10.41 7.60 6.07 7.11 6.04 8.49 10.99 8.37 9.04 7.84 10.59 7.60 6.08 7.17 6.04 8.50 11.13 8.39 9.10 7.87 10.57 7.71 6. 13 264.99 216.19 323.33 419.83 317.79 346.09 293.71 411.58 286.71 219.74 270.99 226.20 346.32 457.78 330.26 362.79 309.26 415.36 307.04 234.91 270.89 234.35 344.69 435.20 335.64 367.02 313.60 428.90 305.52 238.34 271.03 230.12 347.65 440.75 335.60 371.28 312.44 432.31 312.26 242.14 6.82 7.37 7.34 7.38 268.71 288.17 286.99 289.30 7.09 7.86 5.31 4.75 8. 18 7.79 8.60 10.52 6.88 4. 69 7.58 8.66 5.69 5.06 8.95 8.40 9.38 11.53 7.38 5.08 7.53 8.61 5.73 5.07 8.81 8.43 9.34 11.47 7.40 5.07 7.61 8.99 5.74 5.05 8.91 8.45 9.39 11.53 7.33 5.07 284.31 315.19 213.99 168.15 350.10 289.79 361.20 458.67 282.77 170.25 301.68 348.13 221.34 178.11 386.64 314.16 395.84 511.93 293.72 182.88 298.19 340.96 226.34 182.01 374.43 313.60 386.68 502.39 298.22 186.07 302.88 349.71 226.16 181.30 379.57 3 14..3 4 394.38 505.01 291.00 185.56 9.27 9.97 9. 97 10.04 368.02 390.82 392.82 396.58 5.64 6.04 6.00 6.05 181.04 194.49 191.40 7.19 5.02 7.71 5.37 7. 74 5.30 7.79 5.34 276.82 150.60 296.84 298.76 157.94 Retail trade 6.02 6.38 6.42 6.54 218.53 6.09 6.51 6.57 6.65 198.53 210.92 Services See footnote 1, table B-2. 232.40 238.06 213.53 216.13 229.68 Finance, insurance, and real estate 1 302.25 159.13 162.17 p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-4. Hourly Earnings Index for production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by industry (1977=100) Not seasonally adjusted Seasonally adjusted Percent chang* from: Percent change from: Industry Nov. 1980 Sept. 1981 Oct. 1981 P Nov. 1981 P 132.1 93.5 139.2 125.7 134.6 133.3 131.8 141.8 92.2 151.5 135.2 144.8 143.1 141.2 142.0 92.2 151.6 135.7 145.4 143.2 140.3 143.0 N.A. 154.4 135.3 146.1 144.2 141.2 131.9 139.9 I 30.8 140.9 14 0 . 6 143.3 '42.1 Nov. 1980 July 1981 Aug. 1981 Sept. 1981 Oct. 1981 P Nov. 1981 P 8.3 (2) 11.0 7.6 8.5 8.2 7.2 132.1 93.3 (4) 125.2 134.6 132.6 132.3 139.0 92.2 (4) 131.8 142.5 139.3 138.4 140.7 .92.7 (4) 132.5 143.6 141.8 140.0 141.5 92.1 (4) 132.9 144.8 141.7 141.2 141.8 92.0 (4) 134.1 145.4 142.1 140.6 143.1 N.A. (4) 134.7 146.0 143.4 141.8 8.6 9.0 132.4 130.5 137.4 136.9 140.4 139.4 140.3 139.8 141.0 140^6 143.9 142.3 Nov. 1980Nov. 1981 Oct. 1981Nov. 1981 Total private nonfarm: Constant (1977) dollars Mining Construction Manufacturing Transportation and public utilities . Wholesale and retail trada Financa, Insurance, and real estate Services 1 2 3 4 See footnote 1, table B-2. Percent change was -1.4 from October 1980 to October 1981, the latest month available. Percent change was -.1 from September 1981 to October 1981, the latest month available. Mining is not seasonally adjusted since the seasonal component is small relative to the trend-cycle and/or components and consequently cannot be separated with sufficient precision. N.A. - not available, p « preliminary. 0.9 (3) (4) .5 .5 1.0 .9 2. 0 _ _ . irregular Table B-5. Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers1 on private nonagrlcultural payrolls by industry (1977 = 100) Seasonally adjusted Not seasonally adjusted Industry Total private Goods-producing Nov. 1980 Sept. 1981 Oct. Nov. Nov. 1981 Pi 1981 Pi 1980 July 1981 108.7 109.7 109.5 109.0 107.7 104.0 103.6 103.3 101.4 102.0 103.5 Aug. 1981 Sept. 1981 Oct. Nov. 1981 Pi 1981 109.2 108.6 108.4 108.2 103.4 101. 1 100.7 99.5 Mining 126.5 141.1 142.2 144.0 126.6 136.5 139.8 139.0 140.1 142.9 Construction 119.3 115.0 119.5 113.9 114.4 110.9 110.0 105.2 109.3 110.5 Manufacturing 100.0 99.6 98.3 96.9 98.4 100.5 100.4 98.5 97.1 95.3 98.6 88.8 98.9 94.9 93.9 96.0 110.2 108.4 85.6 112.0 95.2 97. 6 85. 7 1 92. 9 88. 1 95.3 110. 1 108.3 85.9 110.9 96.5 96.0 82. 1 97.1 91.6 87 93 110 105 83 1 11 96 98.6 90.6 95. 1 94.5 92. 6 96. 4 109. 8 105. 3 91. 3 111. 7 100.9 92.5 102.3 94.5 93.5 98.8 111.7 110.9 91.1 113.3 95.4 100.9 89.8 102.3 94.6 94.4 98.4 112.9 1 10.5 91.6 113.9 92.8 98.6 85.5 98.4 92.5 93.6 95.5 110.9 108.2 88.8 1 13.0 91.4 96.7 82.6 98.7 90.2 89.0 94.4 111.4 108.0 83.6 111.4 92.0 94.3 81. 2 94.6 89.3 87.5 91.3 109.7 102.9 81.5 109.6 92.8 101. 1 106.7 1 15.2 89.8 96.3 103. 1 109.4 103.3 104.8 102.3 89.9 99.3 101.9 112.2 89.2 96.7 99.7 109.3 99.9 102.2 101.6 91.6 98. 2 98. 5 1 0 7 . ,7 88.0 96.1 100.0 110.6 101.7 100.9 98.5 90.4 98. 100. 102. 91. 93. 99. 106. 100. 102. 99. 87, 99.8 98.4 103 93 97 100 108 102 102 103 91.4 99.5 96.8 1 10.1 92 97 101 109 102 100 105 91 98.5 96.3 103.3 89.6 95.0 103.0 109.3 103.8 101. 1 101.7 89.5 97.7 97.3 98.7 88.8 95.3 9 9.7 109.3 100.5 98.4 100.3 91.3 96.7 96.7 96.1 86.6 94.7 99.0 109.0 101. 1 98.3 96.7 90.1 1 10.9 112.6 1 12.5 112.8 1 12. 7 113.0 105.5 104.6 105.5 Durable goods Lumber and wood products Furniture and fixtures Stone, clay, and glass products . . . Primary metal products Fabricated metal products Machinery, except electrical Electric and electronic equipment . Transportation equipment Instruments and related p r o d u c t s . . Miscellaneous manufacturing Nondurable goods Food and kindred products Tobacco manufactures Textile mill products Apparel and other textile products . Paper and allied products Printing and publishing Chemicals and allied products Petroleum and coal products Rubber and misc. plastics products Leather and leather products Service-producing 99.5 02.2 10.8 92.9 95.2 00.2 07.6 00.9 04.4 01. 1 88.6 111.2 113.0 113.0 113.3 Transportation and public utilities 106.4 106.1 106. 1 106.2 105.7 106.0 105.2 Wholesale and retail trade 107.6 108.5 108.0 108.7 106.3 107.8 107.9 108.0 107.6 107.4 111.0 106.3 111.6 107.3 112.4 106.3 112.9 107. 1 110.5 104.7 112.3 106.0 112. 1 106.2 111.8 106.6 111.3 106. 1 112.6 105.4 1 15.9 117.7 118.0 1 18. 5 116.2 1 18. 1 1 18.7 1 18.3 118.4 1 19.0 1 16.1 119.7 120.2 1 19.9 1 16.9 119.3 1 19.0 1 19.6 120. 1 ] 20.7 Wholesale trade Retail trade Finance, insurance, and real estate Services 1 See footnote 1, table B-2. p = preliminary. ESTABLISHMENT DATA ESTABLISHMENT DATA Table B-6. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment 1 increased Over 6-month span Over 12-month span Over 1-month span Over 3-month span January . . February. March. .. . 66. 66, 72.1 77.0 76.5 80.2 80.8 8 2.8 8 3.7 79.9 82.8 82.3 April. May. . . June. . 73.3 6 5.4 70.6 78.2 78.2 73.0 77.9 80.2 78.2 85.2 33. 7 83.4 July August. . . . September. 62, 66, 67. 71. 69. 72. 1 74. 77. 77. 81.7 8 0.8 79.4 Octobe r. . Novembe r. December. 6 6.3 72.4 70.9 76.2 76.7 77.6 79. 73, 74. 75.0 77.6 75.0 January . . February . March 65, 66. 64. 72.1 68.6 65.7 72.1 71.8 70.1 74.7 70.6 69.5 April. May... June.. 54, 60. 62. 65.7 62.8 63.7 64.8 59.6 54.4 67.2 59.6 58. I July Au g u s t. . . . September . 57. 53. 49. 55, 50. 53, 56.7 51.5 52.0 55. 55. 50. October . . Novembe r. Decembe r. 61.6 49.4 49.7 5 2.0 53.5 49.4 50. 51, 47. 46. 38. 35. January . . February . March 52.6 53.2 49.4 50.6 46.8 38.7 40.4 3 3.4 30.8 April*. May .... June•.. 34, 32, 31, 30. 27. 25. 24. 26. 28. 32. 31, 31. July August...v Septembe r. 36. 64, 35. 54. 71. 35.2 45.1 61.0 31. 32. 34. October. . November. • Decembe r . . 61 , 63, 56, 69.8 .6 4.8 64.0 73.5 72.7 65.4 43.6 55.3 70.3 January . . February. March . . . . 59.6 55.8 52.3 61, 61, 64. 68. 68. 67. 78.8 75.6 73.3 April. May. . . June• • 69.8 62.5 51.5 68. 66. 68. 70. 67. 71. 64.3p 53.2p July August.... Septembe r. 67. 49. 59. 60.2 66.6 39.Op 53.2p 37.2p Oc tober.. November. Decembe r . 30.8p 31.4p 31.7p Year and month 19 78 1979 3 2.0 ' 32.6 3 1.7 1981 Number of employees, seasonally adjusted, on payrolls of 172 private nonagricultural industries, p » preliminary. U.S. DEPARTMENT OF LABOR First Class Mail B U R E A U OF L A B O R S T A T I S T I C S WASHINGTON, D . 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