Full text of The Employment Situation : November 1978
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News
Bureau of Labor Statistics
Contact:
John Bregger
(202)
Kathryn Hoyle (202)
United States
Department
of Labor
Washington, D.C. 20212
523-1944
523-1371
523-1913
523-1208
USDL 78-1005
TRANSMISSION CF MATERIAL IN THIS RELEASE IS
EMBARGOED UNTIL 9:00 A.M. (EST) FRIDAY,
DECEMBER 8, 1978
THE EMPLOYMENT SITUATION:
NOVEMBER 1978
Employment rose sharply in November and unemployment was unchanged, the Bureau of labor
Statistics of the U.S. Department of Labor reported today.
The Nation's overall unemployment
rate was 5.8 percent, the seme as in October but down slightly fron the rates prevailing early
this year.
Total employment— as measured by the monthly survey of households— advanced by 540,000 in
November to 95.7 million.
Over the past year, total employment has grown by 3.3 million.
Nonfarm payroll employment— as measured by the monthly survey of establishments— rose by
465,000 in November to 87.0 million.
Payroll jobs have increased by 3.5 million fron the year-
ago level.
Unemployment
Both the unaiployment rate of 5.8 percent and the number of unemployed persons, 5.9 million,
were unchanged from October levels.
The November rate was almost a full percentage point lower
than a year earlier and 0.4 point belcw the first quarter 1978 average.
unemployment rates for adult men (4.0 percent), adult women (5.8 percent), and teenagers
(16.2 percent) were also little changed from October.
percent) and white workers
in November.
past year.
Likewise, joblessness among black (11.8
(5.0 percent) and most other groups showed little or no movement
However, virtually all worker categories have shared in the improvement over the
(See tables A-l and A-2.)
The median duration of unemployment declined from 6.1 weeks in October— where it had held
for several months— to 5.5 weeks in November.
table A-4.)
Median duration was 7 weeks in November 1977. (See
- 2 Total Employment and the Labor Force
Total employment registered a strong gain in November, rising by 540,000 to 95.7 million.
Nearly all of the over-the-month increase was among adult men, whose employment level had
remained fairly steady since early simmer.
Over the year, total employment has risen by 3.3
•million (after adjustment for changes in the survey introduced in January— see the box on table
A-l), with adult women accounting for over half of the increase.
The employment-population ratio— the proportion of the total noninstitutional population
that is employed— reached a record high of 59.1 percent, continuing a generally upward trend
which has reflected to a great extent the increased jobholding among adult women and teenagers.
(See table A-l.)
Table A. Major indicators of labor market activity, seasonally adjusted
Quarterly averages
1977
Selected categories
III
M onthly data
1978
IV
I
II
1978
III
S e p t.
O c t.
N ov.
Thousands of persons
HO USEHO LD D A T A
Civilian labor f o rc e ......................
Total employment ..................
Unemployment ......................
Not in labor force ......................
Discouraged workers .............
9 7 ,5 5 9
9 8 ,6 2 2
9 9 ,2 0 4
1 0 0 ,2 0 6
1 0 0 ,6 7 9
LOO,870
L 0 1 ,0 6 2
1 0 1 ,6 4 7
9 0 ,8 2 3
6 ,7 3 6
5 9 ,2 0 5
1 ,0 6 7
9 2 ,0 6 9
6 ,5 5 4
5 8 ,7 7 7
9 3 ,0 5 0
6 ,1 5 4
5 8 ,8 0 0
9 4 ,2 4 4
9 4 ,8 6 8
5 ,9 6 2
5 8 ,3 9 9
9 4 ,6 2 5
6 ,0 5 4
5 8 ,5 5 6
6 ,0 0 2
5 8 ,5 7 7
9 5 ,1 9 2
5 ,8 7 0
5 8 ,6 4 5
9 5 ,7 3 5
5 ,9 1 2
5 8 ,2 6 9
969
903
842
891
N .A .
N .A .
N .A .
Percent of labor force
Unemployment rates:
All workers ............................
Adult men ...............................
Adult women ........................
Teenagers ...............................
White .......................................
Black and other ......................
Full-time workers
................
j
i
6 .9
6 .6
6 .2
5 .9
5 .0
7 .0
1 7 .6
6 .1
1 3 .6
4 .8
6 .8
1 6 .7
5 .8
1 3 .3
4 .6
5 .9
1 6 .9
5 .4
1 2 .3
4 .1
6 .5
j
6 .2
|
5 .7
j
5 .1
1 2 .0
6 .2
1 6 .2
5 .2
1 1 .8
5 .4
5 .6
6 .0
4 .0
6 .0
1 6 .6 .
5 .3
1 1 .2
*
5 .8
5 .8
4 .0
5 .6
1 6 .3
5 .1
1 1 .4
4 .0
5 .8
1 6 .2
5 .0
1 1 ,8
5 .5
5 .3 J
5 .2
Thousands of jobs
ICUMCUT
A
tCCTADI
o 1AbLIoM
M cN 1 n
UAATIA
Nonfarm payroll employment . . .
Goods-producing industries.. .
Service-producing industries . .
6 .1
1 5 .9
6 .0
4 .1
8 2 ,6 7 7
2 4 ,4 1 7
8 3 ,4 8 9
2 4 ,5 8 3
8 4 ,2 6 2
2 4 ,7 6 6
8 5 ,6 7 7
2 5 ,3 7 6
8 6 ,1 1 5
2 5 ,4 7 8
8 6 ,1 6 3
2 5 ,4 7 1
8 6 , 567p
2 5 ,6 6 4 p
8 7 ,0 3 4 p
2 5 ,8 7 8 p
5 8 ,2 6 0
5 8 ,9 0 6
5 9 ,4 9 5
6 0 ,3 0 2
6 0 ,6 3 7
6 0 ,6 9 2
6 0 , 903p
6 1 , 156p
Hours of work
Average weekly hours:
Total private nonfarm.............
Manufacturing . . ..................
Manufacturing overtim e.........
p ~ p r « lim in « r y .
3 5 .9
3 6 .0
3 5 .7
3 6 .0
3 5 .8
3 5 .8
3 5 . 8p
3 5 . 9p
4 0 .3
3 .4
4 0 .5
4 0 .2
4 0 .6
4 0 .4
4 0 .4
4 0 . 4p
4 0 . 6p
3 .6
3 .6
3 .6
3 .5
3 .6
3 .6 p
3 . 7p
N .A .-n o t available.
- 3 There was substantial growth in the civilian labor force in November, as it increased
580,000 to 101.6 million.
The labor force has risen by 2.6. million (after adjustment) since
last November, with adult women accounting for about 60 percent of this advance.
The civilian
labor force participation rate jumped to an all-time high of 63.6 percent in November, after
holding at 63.3 percent during 4 of the prior 5 months.
This percentage was 0.7 percentage
point above the year-earlier level (as adjusted).
Industry Payroll Employment
Nonagricultural payroll employment rose by 465,000 in November to 87.0 million, the second
consecutive month of substantial growth.
Employment increased in 80 percent of the 172
industries that comprise the ELS diffusion index of private nonagricultural payroll employment.
Ncnfarm jobs have increased by 3.5 million over the past year.
(See tables B-l and B-6.)
Over-the-month employment gains were recorded in every major industry group.
Manufacturing
posted the largest advance for the second straight month, following 5 months of sluggishness.
The Noventer gain in factory employment (160,000) was split proportionately between the durable
and nondurable goods industries.
Within durable goods, employment rose in every industry, but
the strength was once again concentrated in the major metals and metal-using industries, led by
primary and fabricated metals and transportation equipment.
In nondurables, food processing
and printing and publishing registered the largest increases, but much of the latter resulted
from striking workers returning to their jobs.
Elsewhere in the goods sector, construction jobs increased by 40,000 in Noventer, the
second month of employment growth following a pause late in the sunner, and mining employment
continued to expand with a pickup of 10,000.
In the service-producing sector, the largest employment increases occurred in services
(95,000) and trade (65,000).
and local jurisdictions.
The government increase (45,000) occurred entirely in the State
There was also continued growth in the other two industries in the
sector— transportation and public utilities and finance, insurance, and real estate.
Hours
The average workweek for production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls edged up 0.1 hour to 35.9 hours in Noventer.
At 40.6 hours, the manufacturing work-
- 4 week increased 0.2 hour, while factory overtime, at 3.7 hours, was up 0.1 hour over the month.
Both the total private and manufacturing workweeks were little changed from year-earlier levels.
(See table B-2.)
Substantial over-the-month employment growth, coupled with the small increase in hours,
caused the index of aggregate hours of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural payrolls to jump a full percentage point in November to 122.4 (1967=100).
was 4.3 percent higher than the year-earlier level.
The index
(See table B-5.)
Hourly and Weekly Earnings
Average hourly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private nonagricultural
payrolls increased 0.7 percent in November and 8.7 percent from a year ago (seasonally adjusted).
Average weekly earnings were up 1.0 percent over the month? weekly earnings have risen by 8.4
percent since November 1977.
Before adjustment for seasonality, average hourly earnings .edged up by 1 cent to $5.87, 47
cents above last November? average weekly earnings were $210.15, 22 cents below their October
level but $16.29 higher than a year earlier.
(See table B-3.)
The Hourly Earnings Index
The Hourly Earnings Index— earnings adjusted for overtime in manufacturing, seasonality,
and the effects of changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage and low-wage industries—
was 218.9 (1967=100) in November, 0.4 percent higher than in October.
above November a year ago.
The index was 8.1 percent
During the 12-month period ended in October, the Hourly Earnings
Index in dollars of constant purchasing power decreased 0.5 percent.
(See table B-4.)
i
N O TE: "1978 seasonally-adjusted household data shown in tables A-1 through A-7 for periods prior to
November may differ slightly from those previously published. These estimates are derived with new computer
procedures which maintain more precision in calculations than did the procedures previously used."
Explanatory Note
This release presents and analyzes statistics from
two major surveys. Data on labor force, total employ
ment, and unemployment. (A tables) are derived from
the Current Population Survey— a sample survey of
households which is conducted by the Bureau of the
Census for the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Beginning in
September 1975, the sample was enlarged by 9,000
households in order to provide greater reliability for
smaller States and thus permit the publication of annual
statistics for all 50 States and the District of Columbia.
These supplementary households were added to the
47,000 national household sample in January 1'978; thus
the sample now consists of about 56,000 households
selected to represent the U.S. civilian noninstitutional
population 16 years and over.
Statistics on nonagricultural payroll employment,
hours, and earnings (B tables) are collected by the
Bureau of Labor Statistics, in cooperation*with State
agencies, from payroll records of a sample of approxi
mately 165,000 establishments. Unless otherwise indi
cated, data for both statistical series relate to the week
containing the 12th day of the specified month.
Comparability of household and payroll
employment statistics
Employment data from the household and payroll
surveys differ in several basic respects. The household
survey provides information on the labor force activity
of the entire civilian noninstitutional population, 16
years of age and over, without duplication. Each person
is classified as. either employed, unemployed, or not in
the labor force. The household survey counts employed
persons in both agriculture and nonagricultural
industries and, in addition to wage and salary workers
(including private household workers), counts the selfemployed, unpaid family workers, and persons "with a
job but not at work" and not paid for the period absent.
The payroll survey relates only to paid wage and
salary employees (regardless of age) on the payrolls of
nonagricultural establishments. Persons who worked at
more than one job during the survey week or otherwise
appear on more than one payroll are counted more than
once in the establishment survey. Such persons are
counted only once in the- household survey and are
classified in the job at -which they worked the greatest
number of hours.
Unemployment
To be classified in the household survey as
unemployed an individual must: (1) Have been without a
'job during the survey week; (2) have made specinc
efforts to find employment sometime during the prior 4
weeks; and (3) be presently available for work. In
addition, persons on layoff and those waiting to begin a
new job (within 30 days), neither of whom must meet
the jobseeking requirements, are also classified as
unemployed. The unemployed total includes all persons
who satisfactorily meet the above criteria, regardless
of their eligibility for unemployment insurance benefits
or any kind of public assistance. The unemployment rate
represents the unemployed as a proportion of the
civilian labor foroe (the employed and unemployed
combined).
The Bureau regularly publishes a wide variety of
labor market measures. See, for example, the demo
graphic, occupational, and industry detail in tables A -2
and A -3 of this release and the comprehensive
data package in Employment and Earnings each month-.
A special grouping of seven unemployment measures is
set forth in table A -7 . Identified by the symbols U - l .
through U-7, these measures represent a range of
possible definitions of unemployment and of the labor
force— from the most restrictive ( U - l ) to the most
comprehensive (U -7 ). The official rate of unemployment
appears as U -5 .
Seasonal adjustment
Nearly all economic phenomena are affected to
some degree b y . seasonal variations. These are
recurring, predictable events which are repeated more
or less regularly each year— changes in weather, opening
and closing of schools, major holidays, industry produc
tion schedules, etc. The cumulative effects of these
events are often large. For example, on average over
the year, they explain about 95 percent of the monthto-month variance in the unemployment figures. Since
seasonal variations tend to be large relative to the
underlying cyclical trends, it is .necessary to use
seasonally-adjusted data to interpret short-term
economic developments. A t the beginning of each year,
seasonal adjustment factors for unemployment and
other labor force series are calculated for use during
the entire year, taking into account the prior year's
experience, and revised seasonally-adjusted data are
introduced in the release containing January data.
A ll seasonally-adjusted civilian labor force and
unemployment rate statistics, as well as the major
employment and unemployment estimates, are com
puted by aggregating independently adjusted series.
The official unemployment rate for all civilian workers
is derived by dividing the estimate for total unem-
ploymcnt (the sum of four seasonally-adjusted age-sex
components) by the civilian labor force (the sum of 12
seasonally-adjusted age-sex components).
For establishment data, the seasonally-adjusted
series for all employees, production workers, average
weekly hours, and average hourly earnings are adjusted
by aggregating the seasonally-adjusted data from the
respective component series. These data are also
revised annually, often in conjunction with.benchmark
(comprehensive counts of employment) adjustments.
(The most recent revision of seasonally-adjusted data
was based on data throuigh August 1977.)
templing variability
Both the household and establishment survey
statistics are subject to sampling error, which should be
taken into account in evaluating the levels of a series as
well as changes over time. Because the household
survey is based upon a probability sample, the results
may differ from the figures that would be obtained if it
were possible to take a complete census using the same
questionnaires and procedures. The standard error is the
measure of sampling variability, that is, of the variation
that occurs by chance because a sample rather than the
entire population is surveyed. The chances are about 68
out of 100 that an estimate from the survey differs
from a figure that would be obtained* through a
complete census by less than the standard error. Tables
A through H in the "Explanatory Notes" of Employment
and Earnings provide approximations of the standard
errors for unemployment and other labor force
categories. To obtain a 90-percent level of confidence,
the confidence interval generally used by BLS, the
errors should be multiplied by 1.6. The following
examples, provide an indication of the magnitude of
sampling error: For a monthly change in total em
ployment, the standard e;ror is on the order of plus or
minus 182,000. Similarly, the standard error on a change
in total unemployment is approximately 115,000. The
standard error on a change in the national unemploy
ment rate is 0.12 percentage point.
Although the relatively large size of the monthly
establishment survey'assures a high degree of accuracy,
the estimates derived from it also may differ from the
figures obtained if a complete census using thO same
schedules and procedures*, were possible. However, since
the estimating procedures utilize the previous months
level as the base in computing the current months level
of employment (link-relative technique), sampling and
response errors may accumulate over several months.
To remove this accumulated error, the employment
estimates
are
adjusted
to
new
benchmarks
(comprehensive counts of employment), usually on an
annual basis. In addition to taking account of sampling
and response errors, the benchmark revision adjusts the
estimates for changes in the industrial classification of
individual establishments. Employment estimates are
currently projected ft;om March 1974 levels, plus an
interim benchmark adjustment based on December 1975
levels.
One measure of the reliability of the employment
estimates for individual industries is the root-meansquare error (RMSE). The RMSE is the standard devia
tion adjusted for the bias in estimates. If the bias is
small, the chances are about 68 out of 100 that an
estimate from the sample would differ from its bench-
mark by less than the RMSE. For total nonagricultural
employment, the RMSE is on the order of plus or minus
81,000. Measures of reliability (approximations of the
RMSE) for establishment-survey date, and actual
amounts of revision due to benchmark 'adjustments are
provided in tables J through O in the "Explanatory
Notes" of Employment and Earnings.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-1. Employment status of the noninstitutional population
l
Net saesewaBy edjuaaad
lm * * m .K * * m
t
(Numbers in thousand!)
Bov.
O c t.
M ov.
M ov.
Ju ly
A ttq .
S e p t.
O c t.
M ov.
1977
1978
1978
1977
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
1 5 9 ,5 2 2
2 ,1 3 2
1 5 7 ,3 8 9
9 8 ,8 1 9
6 2 .8
9 2 ,4 7 3
5 8 .0
3*181
8 9 ,2 9 2
6 ,3 4 6
6 .4
5 8 ,5 7 0
1 6 1 ,8 2 9
2 ,1 2 2
1 5 9 ,7 0 7
1 0 1 ,5 5 5
6 3 .6
9 6 ,0 9 5
5 9 .4
3 ,5 5 3
9 2 ,5 4 1
5 ,4 6 0
5 .4
5 8 ,1 5 2
16 2, 033
2 ,1 1 7
1 5 9 ,9 1 6
1 0 1 ,6 5 9
6 3 .6
9 6 ,0 2 9
5 9 .3
3 ,1 0 0
9 2 ,9 2 9
5 ,6 2 9
5 .5
5 8 ,2 5 8
1 5 9 ,5 2 2
2 ,1 3 2
1 5 7 ,3 8 9
9 8 ,8 7 7
6 2 .8
9 2 ,2 1 4
5 7 .8
3 ,3 5 7
8 8 ,8 5 7
6 ,6 6 3
6 .7
5 8 ,5 1 2
1 6 1 ,1 4 8
2 ,1 1 6
1 5 9 ,0 3 2
1 0 0 ,6 1 8
6 3 .3
9 4 ,4 2 5
5 8 .6
3 ,3 8 7
9 1 ,0 3 8
6 ,1 9 3
6 .2
5 8 ,4 1 4
1 6 1 ,3 4 8
2 ,1 2 2
1 5 9 ,2 2 6
1 0 0 ,5 5 0
6 3 .1
• 9 4 ,5 8 2
5 8 .6
3 ,3 6 0
9 1 ,2 2 1
S ,9 6 8
5 .9
5 8 ,6 7 7
1 6 1 ,5 7 0
2 ,1 2 3
1 5 9 ,4 4 7
1 0 0 ,8 7 0
6 3 .3
9 4 ,8 6 8
5 8 .7
3 ,4 1 1
9 1 ,4 5 7
6 ,0 0 2
6 .0
5 8 , 577
1 6 1 ,8 2 9
2 ,1 2 2
1 5 9 ,7 0 7
1 0 1 ,0 6 2
6 3 .3
9 5 ,1 9 2
5 8 .8
3 ,3 8 0
9 1 ,8 1 1
5 ,8 7 0
5 .8
5 8 ,6 4 5
1 6 2 ,0 3 3
2 ,1 1 7
1 5 9 ,9 1 6
1 0 1 ,6 4 7
6 3 .6
9 5 ,7 3 5
5 9 .1
3 ,2 6 5
9 2 ,4 7 0
5 ,9 1 2
5 .8
5 8 ,2 6 9
6 7 ,9 4 8
6 6 ,2 5 7
5 2 ,8 9 0
7 9 .8
5 0 ,5 7 8
7 4 .4
2 ,2 8 3
4 8 ,2 9 5
2 ,3 1 2
4 .4
1 3 ,3 6 7
6 9 ,0 8 1
6 7 ,3 8 2
5 3 ,7 8 8
7 9 .8
5 1 ,8 8 9
7 5 .1
2 ,4 6 2
4 9 ,4 2 8
1 ,8 9 9
3 .5
1 3 ,5 9 3
6 9 ,1 8 2
6 7 ,4 8 6
5 3 ,9 2 4
7 9 .9
5 1 ,9 5 5
75. 1
2 ,2 7 7
4 9 ,6 7 8
1 ,9 6 9
3 .7
1 3 ,5 6 3
6 7 ,9 4 8
6 6 ,2 5 7
5 2 ,9 7 1
7 9 .9
5 0 ,4 5 9
7 4 .3
2 ,3 3 0
4 8 ,1 2 9
2 ,5 1 2
4 .7
1 3 ,2 8 6
6 8 ,7 2 9
6 7 ,0 3 9
5 3 ,3 9 1
7 9 .6
5 1 ,2 1 3
7 4 .5
2 ,4 2 0
4 8 ,7 9 3
2 ,1 7 8
4 .1
1 3 ,6 4 8
6 8 ,8 2 7
6 7 ,1 2 7
5 3 ,3 0 6
7 9 .4
5 1 , 13 4
7 4 .3
2 ,3 5 8
4 8 ,7 7 7
2 ,1 7 1
4 .1
1 3 ,8 2 1
6 8 ,9 3 7
6 7 ,2 3 6
5 3 ,3 8 7
7 9 .4
5 1 ,2 2 9
7 4 .3
2 ,4 2 2
4 8 ,8 0 7
2 ,1 5 8
4 .0
1 3 ,8 4 9
6 9 ,0 8 1
6 7 ,3 8 2
5 3 ,5 5 9
7 9 .5
5 1 ,3 9 6
7 4 .4
2 ,3 6 1
4 9 ,0 3 6
2 ,1 6 3
4 .0
1 3 ,8 2 3
6 9 ,1 8 2
6 7 ,4 8 6
5 3 ,9 9 3
8 0 .0
5 1 ,8 5 3
7 5 .0
2 ,3 2 3
4 9 ,5 2 9
2 ,1 4 0
4 .0
1 3 ,4 9 3
7 4 ,7 6 8
7 4 ,6 6 9
3 6 ,8 9 6
4 9 .4
3 4 ,4 0 5
4 6 .0
548
3 3 ,8 5 7
2 ,4 9 1
6 .8
3 7 ,7 7 2
7 5 ,9 9 8
7 5 ,8 8 9
3 8 ,5 0 3
5 0 .7
3 6 ,3 7 2
4 7 .9
690
3 5 ,6 8 2
2 ,1 3 1
5 .5
3 7 ,3 8 7
7 6 , 110
7 6 ,0 0 1
3 8 ,5 4 3
5 0 .7
3 6 , 362
4 7 .8
534
3 5 ,8 2 7
2 ,1 8 1
5 .7
3 7 ,4 5 8
7 4 ,7 6 8
7 4 ,6 6 9
3 6 ,4 5 1
4 8 .8
3 3 ,9 2 3
4 5 .4
589
3 3 ,3 3 4
2 ,5 2 8
6 .9
3 8 ,2 1 8
7 5 ,6 4 3
7 5 ,5 3 7
3 7 ,5 4 2
4 9 .7
3 5 ,1 1 0
4 6 .4
587
3 4 ,5 2 3
2 ,4 3 2
6 .5
3 7 ,9 9 5
7 5 ,7 5 3
7 5 ,6 4 5
3 7 ,4 6 1
4 9 .5
3 5 ,1 9 3
4 6 .5
579
3 4 ,6 1 3
2 ,2 6 9
6 .1
3 8 ,1 8 4
7 5 ,8 7 3
7 5 ,7 6 4
3 7 ,9 5 3
5 0 .1
3 5 ,6 8 8
4 7 .0
592
3 5 ,0 9 6
2 ,2 6 5
6 .0
3 7 ,8 1 1
7 5 ,9 9 8
75, 889
3 7 ,8 8 0
4 9 .9
3 5 ,7 4 2
4 7 .0
588
3 5 ,1 5 5
2 ,1 3 7
5 .6
3 8 ,0 0 9
7 6 ,- 1 1 0
7 6 ,0 0 1
3 8 ,0 4 9
5 0 .1
3 5 ,8 3 7
4 7 . 1*
574
3 5 ,2 6 3
2 ,2 1 2
5 .8
3 7 ,9 5 2
1 6 ,8 0 6
1 6 ,4 6 3
9 ,0 3 3
5 4 .9
7 ,4 9 0
4 4 .6
350
7 ,1 4 0
1 ,5 4 3
1 7 .1
7 ,4 3 1
1 6 ,7 5 0
1 6 ,4 3 6
9 ,2 6 4
5 6 .4
7 ,8 3 4
4 6 .8
402
7 ,4 3 2
1 ,4 3 1
1 5 .4
7 ,1 7 2
1 6 ,7 4 1
1 6 ,4 2 9
9 ,1 9 2
5 5 .9
7 ,7 1 2
4 6 .1
289
7 ,4 2 4
1 ,4 7 9
1 6 .1
7 ,2 3 7
1 6 ,8 0 6
1 6 ,4 6 3
9a 4 5 5
5 7 .4
7 ,8 3 2
4 6 .6
438
7 ,3 9 4
1 ,6 2 3
1 7 .2
7 ,0 0 8
1 6 ,7 7 6
1 6 ,4 5 5
9 ,6 8 5
5 8 .9
8 ,1 0 2
4 8 .3
380
7 ,7 2 2
1 ,5 8 3
1 6 .3
6 ,7 7 0
1 6 ,7 6 8
1 6 ,4 5 5
9 ,7 8 2
5 9 .5
8 ,2 5 4
4 9 .2
423
7 ,8 3 1
1 ,5 2 8
1 5 .6
6 ,6 7 3
1 6 ,7 6 0
1 6 ,4 4 6
9 ,5 3 0
5 7 .9
7 ,9 5 1
4 7 .4
397
7 ,5 5 4
1 ,5 7 9
1 6 .6
6 ,9 1 6
1 6 ,7 5 0
1 6 ,4 3 6
9 ,6 2 3
5 8 .5
8 ,0 5 3
4 8 .1
432
7 ,6 2 1
1 ,5 7 0
1 6 .3
6 ,8 1 3
1 6 ,7 4 1
1 6 ,4 2 9
9 ,6 0 5
5 8 .5
8 ,0 4 5
4 8 .1
367
7 .6 7 8
1 ,5 6 0
1 6 .2
6 ,8 2 4
1 4 1 ,3 6 6
1 3 9 ,6 6 0
8 8 ,5 2 1
6 3 .4
8 3 ,8 6 2
5 9 .3
4 ,6 5 9
5 .3
5 1 , 139
1 4 1 ,5 2 0
1 3 9 ,8 1 7
8 8 ,6 7 2
6 3 .4
8 4 ,0 4 2
5 9 .4
4 ,6 3 0
5 .2
5 1 ,1 4 5
1 4 1 ,6 9 3
1 3 9 ,9 9 0
8 8 ,8 1 3
6 3 .4
8 4 ,1 4 1
5 9 .4
4 ,6 7 2
5 .3
S 1 ,1 7 7
1 4 1 ,8 7 3
1 4 0 ,1 7 0
8 9 ,1 2 0
6 3 .6
8 4 ,5 6 9
5 9 .6
4 ,5 5 1
5 .1
5 1 ,0 5 0
1 4 2 ,0 3 1
1 4 0 ,3 3 2
8 9 ,4 6 0
6 3 .7
8 4 ,9 5 7
5 9 .8
4 ,5 0 2
5 .0
5 0 ,8 7 2
1 9 ,7 8 2
1 9 ,3 7 1
1 1 ,9 9 8
6 1 .9
1 0 ,4 9 6
5 3 .1
1 ,5 0 2
1 2 .5
7 ,3 7 3
1 9 ,8 2 8
1 9 ,4 0 9
1 1 ,9 7 6
6 1 .7
1 0 ,5 7 8
5 3 .3
1 ,3 9 8
1 1 .7
7 ,4 3 3
1 9 ,8 7 6
1 9 ,4 5 7
1 2 ,0 5 7
6 2 .0
1 0 ,7 0 7
5 3 .9
1 ,3 5 0
1 1 .2
7 ,4 0 0
1 9 ,9 5 5
1 9 ,5 3 6
1 2 ,0 7 8
6 1 .8
1 0 ,7 0 5
5 3 .6
1 ,3 7 3
1 1 .4
7 ,4 5 8
2 0 ,0 0 2
1 9 ,5 8 5
1 2 ,1 4 4
6 2 .0
1 0 ,7 0 5
5 3 .5
1 ,4 3 8
1 1 .8
7 ,4 4 1
TO TA t
Total noninstitutional population1 ......................................................
Armed Forces1 .................................................................................
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .............................................
Civilian labor force ............... ..................................................
Participation ra ta ..........................................................
Employed...............................................................................
Employment-population ratio*.....................................
Agriculture.........................................................................
Nonagricultural industries ...............................................
Unemployed...........................................................................
Unemployment rate.....................................................
Not in labor force ......................................................................
Man, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1 ......................................................
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .............................................
Civilian labor force ....................................................................
Participation rate ................. ..
Employed...............................................................................
Employment-population redo*.................... .............
Agriculture.........................................................................
Nonagricultural industries ...............................................
---------*-------*
UMmptaymtntritA ............. .....................................
e» ^ t- laLir Inrna
Women, 20 years and over
Total noninstitutional population1 ................... ..................................
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ............................................. .
Civilian labor force ........... ...........................................................
Participation rate..........................................................
Em ployed...............................................................................
Employment-population ratio3 ...................................
Agriculture .........................................................................
Nonagricultural industries.................................................
Unemployed...........................................................................
Not in labor force .......................................................................
Both sexes. 18-19 years
Total noninstitutional population1 ......................................................
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .............................................
Civilian tabor f o r c e . . . ..............................................................
Participation rate ........................
Em ployed...............................................................................
Employment-population ratio*..................................
Agriculture.........................................................................
Nonagricultural industries ...............................................
Unemployment rata ...................................................
Not in labor force .......................................................................
White
Total noninstitutional population1 ......................................................
Civilian noninstitutional population1 .....................................
Civilian labor force .....................................................................
Rtrtidpetion rate..........................................................
Employed...............................................................................
Employment-population ratio*.....................................
Unemployed...........................................................................
UfMmploymtfit ritf
Not In labor force.......................................................................
1 4 0 ,0 9 5
1 3 8 ,3 5 1
8 7 ,2 8 7
63. 1
8 2 ,4 5 1
5 8 .9
4 ,8 3 6
5 .5
5 1 ,0 6 4
1 4 1 ,8 7 3 .
1 4 0 ,1 7 0
8 9 ,4 7 5
6 3 .8
8 5 ,2 9 7
6 0 .1
4 ,1 7 8
4 .7
5 0 ,6 9 6
1 4 2 ,0 3 1
1 4 0 ,3 3 2
8 9 ,5 2 1
6 3 .8
8 5 ,2 6 1
6 0 .0
4 ,2 6 0
4 .8
5 0 ,8 1 1
1 4 0 ,0 9 5
1 3 8 ,3 5 1
8 7 ,2 9 2
63. 1
8 2 ,1 8 1
5 8 .7
5 ,1 1 1
5 .9
5 1 ,0 5 9
1 9 ,4 2 7
1 9 ,0 3 8
1 1 ,5 3 2
6 0 .6
1 0 ,0 2 2
5 1 .6
1 ,5 1 0
1 3 .1
7 ,5 0 6
1 9 ,9 5 5
1 9 ,5 3 6
1 2 ,0 8 0
6 1 .8
1 0 ,7 9 8
5 4 .1
1 ,2 8 3
1 0 .6
7 ,4 5 6
2 0 ,0 0 2
1 9 ,5 8 5
1 2 ,1 3 7
6 2 .0
1 0 ,7 6 8
5 3 .8
1 ,3 6 9
1 1 .3
7 ,4 4 7
1 9 ,4 2 7
1 9 ,0 3 8
1 1 ,5 5 1
6 0 .7
9 , 966
5 1 .3
1 ,5 8 5
1 3 .7
7 ,4 8 7
Mack and other
Total noninstitutionsl population1 ......................................................
Civitien noninstitutional population1 ..............................................
Civilian labor force ...................................................................
Participation ra te ............. ..
■ Em ployed...............................................................................
Employment-population ratio*.....................................
Unemployed...........................................................................
Nat in lahar force .......................................................................
1 The population and Armad Foam Spree aaa not ad|e*Sed far seasonal variation*; therefore,
* Civilian employment aa a paroant of tha total noninstitutionai population (including Armed
N O T E ; Household survey data for periods prior to January 1978 shown in tables A-1 through A -7 are not
strictly comparable w ith current data because of the introduction of an expansion in the sample and re
visions in the estimation procedures. As a result, the overall civilian labor force and employment totals in
January were raised b y roughly a quarter of a million; unemployment levels and rates were essentially un
changed. A n explanation of the procedural changes and an indication of the differences appear in "Revisions
in the Current Population Survey in January 1978," EmploymentandEarning*. February 1978 Vol. 26 No. 2.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A -2 . Major unemployment indicators, seasonally adjusted
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Ta b l. A-3. Selected employment Indicatore
[In thousands!
i
1
i
Selected categories
H ov.
Nov.
Nov.
Ju ly
Aug.
S ept.
O c t.
N ov.
1977
1978
1977
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
92*473
54*590
37*884
38*716
21*839
96*029
5 5 ,9 7 6
40*054
39*136
22*845
92*214
54*745
37*469
3 8 ,5 3 1
21*278
94*425
55*534
38*891
38*642
21*766
9 4 * 5b
5 5 *5 2 S
3 9 * 0 '. J
38*467
21*667
94*868
55*504
39*364
38*726
2 2 . 175
95*192
5 5 ,7 0 2
39*490
38*748
22*132
95*735
5 6 ,1 3 4
39*601
38*9 41
22*266
46*689
14*224
9*995
5*786
1b *68 4
30*554
12*100
10*507
3*556
4*391
12*557
2*674
48*355
1 4 ,6 4 2
10* 1 4 8
6 , 17 4
17*392
32*110
12*650
11*206
3*669
4*585
12*978
2*586
46*251
1 3 ,9 1 8
9*894
5*804
1 6 ,6 3 5
30*603
12*116
10*423
3*525
4*539
12*590
2*809
47*192
1 4 ,2 3 9
10* 182
b* 0 17
1 6 .7 5 4
31*225
12*229
10*841
3*452
4*703
12*838
2*803
4 7 ,2 3 6
1 4 ,^ 5 ^
10*174
5 ,8 7 2
1b*935
3 1 .4 6 3
1 2 ,5 5 9
1 0 .7 C 2
3*404
4*817
12*884
2 .8 C 9
47*456
14* 105
10*056
5*872
1 7 ,4 2 2
3 1 ,7 3 8
12*640
10*823
3*577
4*698
12*800
2*875
47*777
14*333
9*948
5*959
1 7 .5 3 6
J 1*864
12*502
11*120
3*583
4*658
12*920
2*833
4 7 ,9 0 7
14*327
1 0 ,0 4 8
6*193
17*340
32*157
12*663
11*1 17
3*636
4 ,7 4 1
13*018
2*713
1*283
1*589
310
1*298
1*561
241
1 *405
1*590
368
1*364
1 ,6 5 2
348
1*423
1 ,6 1 7
317
1*442
1 .6 5 5
298
1*421
1*666
323
1*422
1*563
286
82*787
15*576
67*211
1*409
65*802
6*062
444
86* 168
15*604
70*564
1*361
69*203
6*341
419
82*281
15*415
66 * 8 6 6
1*403
6 5 ,4 6 3
6 .0 8 2
467
84*016
15* 129
68*887
1*394
67*493
6*206
496
8 4 .4 C 6
15*283
6 9 , 1 23
1*369
6 7 ,7 5 4
6*221
440
84*842
15*413
69*429
1*370
6 8 ,0 5 9
6*200
471
85*252
15*421
69*831
1*297
68*534
6*271
441
85*665
1 5 ,4 5 0
70*215
1*356
68*860
6 ,3 6 0
442
85*823
69*713
3*083
1*189
1*894
13*027
89*170
72*797
2*977
1*24 1
1*736
13*396
83*347
68*240
3*285
1 ,2 5 5
2*030
11*822
86*205
71*095
3*330
1*385
1*945
11*780
86*469
7 1 ,3 3 8
3*294
1*391
1*903
1 1 ,8 3 7 '
86*310
70*939
3*231
1*311
1*920
12*140
86*441
71*192
3*207
1*171
2*036
12*042
86*557
71*230
3*171
1*310
1 ,8 6 1
12*156
CHARACTERISTICS
Total employed, 16 years and a v e r..................................
Men.................................................................................
Women...........................................................................
Married men, spouae present.........................................
Married women, spouse present ...................................
OCCUPATION
White-collar workers....................................................
Professional and technical.......................................
Managers and administrators, except farm.............
Sales workers..........................................................
Clerical workers......................................................
Blue-collar workers......................................................
Craft and kindred w orkers.....................................
Operatives, except transport ................................
Transport equipment operatives..........................
Nonfarm laborers....................................................
Service workers............................................................
Farmworkers.................................................................
MAJOR IN DUSTRY AND CLASS
OF WORKER
j
Agriculture:
Wage and salary workers.........................................
Self-employed workers...........................................
Unpaid family workers...........................................
Nonagriculturai industries:
Wage and salary workers.........................................
Government..................................................
Private industries .............................................
Private households.........................................
Other industries.............................................
Self-employed workers...........................................
Unpaid family workers...........................................
PERSONS A T W ORK1
Nonagriculturai industries...........................................
Full-time schedules..................................................
Pert time for economic reasons..............................
Usually work full tim e .......................................
Usually work part time .....................................
Part time for noneconomic reasons........................
1 Excludes persons "with e job but not at work" during the survey period for such
Table A-4. Duration of unemployment
[Numbers in thousends]
Season,1hir adjusted
Mot MMonally idjuitid
“""'to’'"".
NOV.
N ov.
N ov.
J u ly
Aug.
Sept.
O c t.
Nov.
1977
1978
1977
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
Less than 5 weeks................................................................
5 to 14 weeks .......................................................................
15 weeks and over .*..............................................................
15 to 26 weeks................................................................
27 weeks and over ..........................................................
2*781
1 .9 9 7
1*568
768
6 0 0
2*757
1*800
1 ,0 7 2
601
472
2*851
2*037
1*829
936
893
3*025
1*854
1*292
665
627
2*8^
1 ,9 8 b
1 ,2 1 5
631
584
2*786
1 .8 2 8
1 .2 9 3
687
606
2 ,7 0 9
1*824
1*370
763
607
2*825
1*837
1*251
724
527
Average (mean) duration, in weeks.....................................
Median duration, in weeks....................................................
1 3 .3
6 .6
1 0 .9
5 .2
1 3 .7
7 .0
1 1 .8
5 .9
1 1 .2
6 .0
1 1 .6
5 .9
1 1 .8
6. 1
1 1 .2
5 .5
1 0 0 .0
4 3 .8
3 1 .5
2 4 .7
1 2 .1
1 2 .6
1 0 0 .0
4 9 .0
3 2 .0
1 9 .0
1 0 .7
8. 4
1 0 0 .0
4 2 .4
3 0 .3
2 7 .2
1 3 .9
1 3 .3
1 0 0 .0
49. C
3 0 .0
2 0 .9
1 0 .8
1 0 .2
100. 0
4 6 .8
3 3 .0
2 0 .2
1 0 .5
9 .7
1 0 0 .0
4 6 .4
3 2 .1
2 1 .5
1 1 .4
1 0 .1
DU R ATIO N
PERCENT D ISTRIB UTIO N
Total unemployed ..............................................................
Lass than 5 weeks............................................................
5 to 14 weeks..................................................................
15 weeks and over ..........................................................
16 to 26 weeks ..........................................................
27 weeks and o v e r......................................................
1 0 0 .0
4 5 .9
3 0 .9
2 3 .2
1 2 .9
1 0 .3
1 0 0 .0
4 7 .8
31. 1
2 1 .2
1 2 .2
8 .9
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Ta blu A -5 .
Reasons for unem ploym ent
(Num ben in thousands!
N ot seasonally adjusted
hov.
Nov.
N ov.
J u ly
Aug.
Sept.
O c t.
NOV.
1*77
1 9 78
1977
1978
1976
1978
1978
1978
2 ,7 3 3
b . lb
2 ,0 9 7
690
1, obS
6 J3
*.,1 J b
4 ,9 6 9
760
2 , 189
06 1
1 ,6 9 1
901
2 ,5 5 2
714
2 ,5 5 3
770
1 ,7 6 3
841
2 ,3 9 7
719
1 ,6 7 7
852
1 ,9 2 7
805
2 ,9 3 8
640
1 ,8 9 8
799
1 , 7 10
793
2 ,4 2 8
777
1 ,6 5 1
8 14
1UU. J
43. 1
1 0 0 .0
j 9. 8
11. 3
2 8 .5
1 4 .6
31. 4
14. 2
1 0 0 .0
4 4 .7
1 1 .7
3 3 .0
1 3 .3
2 d .o
1 3 .6
1 0 0 .0
4 1 .3
1 1 .5
2 9 .7
1 4 .0
3 0 .4
1 4 .2
1 2 .8
2 9 .6
1 4 .C
2 8 .8
1 4 .8
1 0 0 .0
4 0 .1
1 2 .0
2 8 .0
1 4 .3
3 2 .2
1 3 .5
1 0 0 .0
4 3 .9
1 1 .0
3 2 .9
1 3 .7
2 9 .3
1 3 .6
1 0 0 .0
4 1 .3
1 3 .2
2 8 .1
1 3 .8
3 0 .1
1 4 .8
2 .2
. o
1 .7
. 6
3 .0
.9
1 .9
•9
2 .5
.9
1 .9
..9
2 .5
.6
1 .7
.9
2 .4
.8
1 .9
.8
2 .5
.8
1 .7
2 .4
.8
1 .7
.9
N U M B ER O F U N E M P L O Y E D
Lost last job ....................................................................................
On layoff ....................................................................................
Other job to w n
......................................................................
Left last job ....................................................................................
Reentered labor force ..................................................................
Seeking first job ...........................................................................
6J j
1 ,6 0 3
6* 2
1 ,7 / C
802
1 ,8 3 9
669
1 ,8 6 3
860
1 ,7 J J
893
1 ,7 7 2
870
P E R C E N T O F D IS T R IB U T IO N
Total unemployed .........................................................................
Job losers....................................................................................
On layoff .............................................................................
Other job losers....................................................................
Job leaven ................................................................................
Reentrants ................................................................................
New entrants .............................................................................
1 0 .0
JJ. 1
1 4 .0
2 9 .6
13. 1
1 0 0 .0
4 2 .4
U N E M P L O Y E D AS A P E R C E N T O F T H E
C IV IL IA N LA B O R FO R C E
Joblosen ............................................ ........................................
Jo b leaven
.............................................
Reentrants .......................................................................................
New entrants ..................................................................................
Ta b le A -6 .
2 .7
. *
1 .9
. 8
.8
Unem ploym ent by eex and age. seasonally adjusted
Number of
unemployed persons
(In thousand!)
Unemployment rates
Sex and age
Nov.
Nov.
Nov.
July
Auq.
Sept.
oct.
Nov.
1977
1978
1977
1978
1978
1978
1978
1978
Total, 16 yean and over ..................................................................................
16 to 19 yean ..............................................................................................
18 to 17 years .........................................................................................
18 to 19 yean ..........................................................................................
20 to 24 y ta n ..............................................................................................
25 yean and o v e r .........................................................................................
26 to 54 years .........................................................................................
56 yean and over .............. ................................................................
6 ,6 6 3
1 ,6 2 3
756
871
1 ,5 1 9
3 ,4 9 3
2 ,9 0 9
60 5
5 ,9 1 2
1 ,5 6 0
767
796
1 ,3 7 5
2 ,9 5 4
2 ,5 3 0
449
6 .7
1 7 .2
1 9 .0
15. 9
1 0 .4
4 .7
4 .8
4. 1
6 .2
1 6 .3
20. 1
1 3 .6
9 .9
4 .2
4 .4
3 .2
5 .9
1 5 .6
1 8 .9
1 3 .3
9 .0
4 .2
4 .4
3 .0
6 .0
1 6 .6
1 9 .2
1 4 .3
9 .3
4 .0
4 .2
3 .3
Men, 16 yean and over ..............................................................................
16 to 19 years ..........................................................................................
16 to 17 yean . . >..............................................................................
18 to 19 y e a n .....................................................................................
20 to 24 y e a n ..........................................................................................
26 yean and over ...................................................................................
25 to 54 yaan ...................................................................................
55 yean and over ..............................................................................
3 ,3 5 2
640
403
438
777
1 ,7 1 4
2 ,9 5 0
d 10
431
379
700
1 ,-4 2 0
1 ,2 0 1
237
5 .8
1 6 .4
1 8 .2
1 5 .0
9 .8
3 .8
5. 1
1 5 .4
1 8 .8
1 3 .0
8 .9
3 .3
5 .0
1 4 .7
1 7 .7
1 2 .4
8 .7
3 .4
3 .9
3 .7
3 .3
3 .4
3 .5
2 .9
5. 1
1 5 .8
1 9 .1
1 2 .6
8 .6
3 .4
3 .4
Women, 16 yean and over .........................................................................
3 ,3 1 1
783
^ ,9 6 2
8 .1
18. 1
20. 1
1 6 .8
7 .7
1 7 .4
7 .2
1 6 .7
2 0 .3
1 4 .4
16 to 19 yaan ..........................................................................................
18 to 17 y a a n .....................................................................................
18 to 1 9 y a a n .....................................................................................
20 to 24 y e a n ..........................................................................................
26 yaan and over ...................................................................................
25 to 64 yaan ...................................................................................
55 yean and over ..............................................................................
1 ,3 9 2
337
353
433
742
1 ,7 7 9
1 ,5 1 7
268
750
336
417
675
1 ,5 3 5
1 ,3 2 9
212
1 1 .1
6 .0
6 .3
4 .8
2 1 .6
1 4 .6
1 1 .0
5 .6
6 .0
2 .9
9 .2
5 .3
5 .8
3 .3
3 .0
7 .2
1 7 .4
1 9 .3
1 6 .1
1 0 .1
5 .0
5 .3
3 .9
5 .8
1 6 .3
1 9 .0
1 4 .2
8 .7
4 .0
4 .2
3 .1
5 .8
1 6 .2
1 9 .0
1 4 .3
9 . 1
3 .8
4. 1
3 .0
5 .1
1 6 .5
5 .0
1 5 .9
1 9 .9
1 2 .9
8 .6
3 .1
3 .3
2 .6
2 0 .2
1 3 .5
8 .6
3 .4
3 .5
3 .0
6 .7
7 .0
16. 1
1 6 .6
1 7 .7
1 5 .0
8 .7
1 8 .0
1 5 .8
4 .9
5 .3
3 .4
4 .9
5 .2
3 .7
9 .8
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-7. Range of unemployment measures based on varying definitions of unemployment and the labor force,
seasonally adjusted
Monthly dete
Quarterly averages
1977
Measures
I I I
1978
IV
I
• II
1978
I I I
Sept.
Oct.
Nov.
U-1 — Persons unemployed 15 weeks or longer as a percent of the
1 .9
1 .9
1.6
1.3
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.2
...................................................................................
3 .2
3 .0
2 .6
2 .5
2 .5
2.4
2 .5
2 .4
U -3 — Unemployed persons 25 years and over as a percent of the civilian
labor force 25 years and ove r...........................................................................................................................................
4 .9
4 .7
4 .0
4 .0
4. 1
4 .0
4 .0
3 .8
b .5
6 .2
5 .7
5 .4
5 .6
5 .5
5 .3
5.2
U -5 — Total unemployed as a percent of the civilian labor force
(official m a n u r e ).......................................... ............................................................................................................. ..
6 .9
6 .6
6. 2
5 .9
6 .0
6 .0
5 .8
5.8
U-6— Total full-time jobseekers plus ft part-time jobseekers plus ft total
on part time for economic reasons as a percent of the civilian
labor force less K of the part-time labor force ..........................................................................................................
8. b
8 .2
7 .6
7 .5
7 .6
7 .5
7 .3
7 .2
U-7 — Total full-time jobseekers plus ft part-time jobseekers plus % total
on part time for economic reasons plus discouraged workers as a
percent of the civilian labor force plus discouraged workers less
ft of the part-time labor force ......................................................................................................................................
9 .7
9 .2
8 .5
8.3
8 .5
11. A .
11. A .
N . A.
civilian later force ............................................................................................................................
U-2— ,|ot> Igffrf
3 percent of the civilian labor force
U -4 — Unemployed full-time jobseekers as a percent of the full-time labor
N . A . - not available.
HOUSEHOLD DATA
HOUSEHOLD DATA
Table A-8. Employment status of the noninstitutional population for ten large States
{Numbers in thousands)
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted *
State and employment status
N ov.
1977
O c t.
1978
N ov.
1978
Nov.
1977
July
Aug.
Sept.
1978
1978
1978
O c t.
1978
N ov.
1978
1 6 ,0 6 2
1 0 ,3 3 1
9 ,5 1 0
821
7 .9
1 6 ,3 4 4
1 0 ,6 3 9
1 0 ,0 0 7
633
5 .9
1 6 ,3 7 2
1 0 ,6 1 9
9 ,9 7 7
642
6 .0
1 6 ,0 6 2
1 0 ,3 5 5
9 ,5 2 9
826
8 .0
1 6 ,2 5 9
1 0 ,5 6 1
9 ,7 4 2
819
7 .8
1 6 ,2 8 3
1 0 ,5 8 6
9 ,8 0 7
.7 7 9
7 .4
1 6 ,3 1 2
1 0 ,6 6 7
9 ,9 4 8
719
6 .7
1 6 ,3 4 4
1 0 ,6 4 2
9 ,9 5 0
692
6 .5
1 6 ,3 7 2
1 0 ,6 4 4
9 ; 996
648
6 .1
6 ,4 3 5
3 ,6 4 3
3 ,3 6 8
275
7 .6
6 ,6 2 5
3 ,7 6 4
3 ,5 0 0
264
7 .0
6 ,6 4 3
3 ,7 4 3
3 ,5 1 0
233
6 .2
6 ,4 3 5
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
6 ,5 6 9
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
6 ,5 8 5
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
6 ,6 0 5
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
6 ,6 2 5
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
6 ,6 4 3
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
(2 )
8 ,1 8 7
5 ,2 7 5
4 ,9 4 5
331
6 .3
8 ,2 4 5
5 ,4 1 6
5 ,1 2 7
289
5 .3
8 ,2 5 1
5 ,4 2 4
5 ,1 4 3
281
5 .2
8 ,1 8 7
5 ,3 0 5
4 ,9 3 6
369
7 .0
8 ,2 2 4
5 ,2 8 9
4 ,9 7 5
314
5 .9
8 ,2 3 0
5 ,3 7 7
5 ,0 5 2
325
6.0
8 ,2 3 6
5 ,3 5 3
5 ,0 6 0
293
5 .5
8 ,2 4 5
5 ,4 1 0
5 ,1 0 9
301
5 .6
8 ,2 5 1
5 ,4 4 8
5 ,1 3 4 '
314
5 .8
4 ,3 1 3
2 ,8 0 0
2 ,6 0 6
194
6 .9
4 ,3 5 3
2 ,8 0 5
2 ,6 8 4
121
4 .3
4 ,3 5 7
2 ,8 4 3
2 ,6 9 4
149
5 .2
4 ,3 1 3
(2 )
2 ,5 9 1
(2 )
(2 )
4 ,3 3 9
<2)
2 ,6 9 1
(2 )
(2 )
4 ,3 4 3
(2 )
2 ,6 7 0
(2 )
(2 )
4 ,3 4 7
(2 )
2 ,6 7 9
(2 )
(2 )
4 ,3 5 3
(2 )
2 ,6 6 0
(2 )
(2 )
4 ,3 5 7
(2 )
2 ,6 7 9
(2 )
(2 )
6 ,5 8 2
4 ,1 8 3
3 ,8 6 0
323
7 .7
6 ,6 5 4
4 ,1 8 2
3 ,9 5 3
229
5 .5
6 ,6 6 1
4 ,2 2 9
3 ,9 4 9
279
6 .6
6 ,5 8 2
(2 )
(2 )
356
(2 )
6 ,6 3 0
(2 )
(2 )
289
(2 )
6 ,6 3 7
(2 )
(2 )
348
(2 )
6 ,6 4 4
(2 )
(2 )
280
(2 )
6 ,6 5 4
(2 )
(2 )
299
(2 )
6 ,6 6 1
(2 )
(2 )
311
(2 )
5 ,4 3 5
3 ,4 2 0
3 ,1 4 9
271
7 .9
5 ,4 8 5
3 ,5 3 8
3 ,3 1 8
220
6 .2
5 ,4 9 0
3 ,5 9 2
3 ,3 7 3
220
6 .1
5 ,4 3 5
3 ,4 4 1
3 ,1 4 1
3 00
8 .7
5 ,4 6 8
3 ,3 8 5
3 ,1 2 7
258
7 .6
5 ,4 7 3
3 ,4 1 8
3 ,1 7 7
241
7 .1
5 ,4 7 8
3 ,5 4 4
3 ,2 8 2
262
7 .4
5 ,4 8 5
3 ,5 6 3
3 ,3 1 7
246
6 .9
5 ,4 9 0
3 ,6 1 3
3 ,3 6 5
248
6 .9
1 3 ,3 2 1
7 ,7 8 0
7 ,0 7 5
704
9 .1
1 3 ,3 5 6
7 ,9 3 8
7 ,3 1 4
624
7 .9
1 3 ,3 6 1
7 ,9 6 1
7 ,3 9 2
570
7 .2
1 3 ,3 2 1
7 ,8 6 3
7 ,1 6 0
703
8 .9
1 3 ,3 3 9
7 ,7 9 2
7 ,2 0 0
592
7 .6
1 3 ,3 4 1
7 ,8 5 7
7 ,2 5 7
600
7 .6
1 3 ,3 4 7
7 ,8 8 8
7 ,2 7 5
6 13
7 .8
1 3 ,3 5 6
7 ,9 8 8
7 ,3 2 1
667
8 .4
1 3 ,3 6 1
8 ,0 4 5
7 ,4 7 6
569
7 .1
7 ,8 0 7
4 ,9 1 0
4 ,6 1 2
298
6 .1
7 ,8 6 3
5 ,0 8 6
4 ,8 4 6
241
4 .7
7 ,8 6 9
5 ,0 8 8
4 ,8 3 8
250
4 .9
7 ,8 0 7
4 ,9 2 1
4 ,5 9 8
323
6 .6
7 ,8 4 4
4 ,9 3 0
4 ,6 5 4
276
. 5 .6
7 ,8 4 9
4 ,8 9 1
4 ,6 2 7
264
5 .4
7 ,8 5 6
5 ,0 3 8
4 ,7 4 8
*
290
5 .8
7 ,8 6 3
5 ,0 8 4
4 ,8 1 4
270
5 .3
7 ,8 6 9
5 ,0 9 9
4 ,8 2 4
275
5 .4
8 ,8 4 0
5 ,1 5 9
4 ,8 1 3
346
6 .7
8 ,8 9 3
5 ,3 4 2
4 ,9 7 1
371
6 .9
8 ,8 9 9
5 ,3 5 0
4 ,9 9 6
354
6 .6
8 ,8 4 0
5 ,1 8 2
4 ,7 9 0
392
7 .6
8 ,8 7 4
5 ,2 8 4
4 ,8 9 3
391
7 .4
8 ,8 7 8
5 ,2 4 8
4 ,8 9 7
351
6 .7
8 ,8 8 5
5 ,3 0 5
4 ,8 9 9
4 06
7 .7
8 ,8 9 3
5 ,3 2 1
4 ,9 2 2
399
7 .5
8 ,8 9 9
5 ,3 7 3
4 ,9 7 3
4 00
7 .4
9 ,0 8 3
5 ,8 7 1
5 ,5 7 9
291
5 .0
9 ,2 7 2
6 ,0 7 9
5 ,8 1 9
260
4 .3
9 ,2 9 0
6 ,1 1 2
5 ,8 1 9
292
4 .8
9 ,0 8 3 .
5 ,8 7 2
5 ,5 7 0
302
5 .1
9 ,2 1 5
5 ,9 8 9
5 ,6 9 0
299
5 .0
9 ,2 3 3
5 ,9 7 9
5 ,6 8 4
295
4 .9
9 ,2 5 1
5 ,9 2 8
5 ,6 4 8
280
4 .7
9 ,2 7 2
6 ,0 4 6
5 ,7 7 2
274
4 .5
9 ,2 9 0
6 ,1 1 2
5 ,8 1 0
302
California
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ........................................
Civilian labor fo rc e ...................................................................
Employed ............................................................................
Unemployed .......................................................................
Unemployment rate ..........................................................
Florida
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ........................................
Civilian labor fo rc e ...................................................................
Employed ............................................................................
Unemployed .......................................................................
Unemployment rate ..........................................................
Illinois
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ........................................
Civilian labor fo rc e ...................................................................
Employed ......... ..................................................................
Unemployed .......................................................................
Unemployment rate ............................................................
Massachusetts
Civilian noninstitutional population1..........................................
Civilian labor fo rc e ...................................................................
Employed ............................................................................
Unemployed .......................................................................
Unemployment rate ..........................................................
Michigan
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ........................................
Civilian labor force .................................................................
Employed ............................................................................
Unemployed .......................................................................
Unemployment rate
........................................................
New Jersey
Civilian noninstitutional population1..........................................
Civilian labor fo rc e ...................................................................
Employed ............................................................................
Unemployed .......................................................................
Unemployment ra te ............................................................
New York
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ........................................
Civilian labor fo rc e ...................................................................
Employed ............................................................................
Unemployed..........................................................................
Unemployment ra te ............................................................
Ohio
Civilian noninstitutional population1 ........................................
Civilian labor fo rc e ...................................................................
Employed ............................................................................
Unemployed .......................................................................
Unemployment ra te ............................................................
Pennsylvania
Civilian noninstitutional ooDulation 1
Civilian labor fo rc e ...................................................................
Employed ............................................................................
Unemployed .......................................................................
Unemployment ra te ............................................................
Texas
Civilian noninstitutional population 1
Civilian labor fo rc e ........................
Employed
................
Unemployed ........................
Unemployment rate . .
...............................
...............................
...........................
1
................................. ;
.................. j
1 The population figures are not adjusted for seasonal variations; therefore, identical
numbers appear in the unadjusted and the seasonally adjusted columns.
* These are the official Bureau of Labor Statistics' estimates used in the administration
of Federal fund allocation programs.
N O T E : A comprehensive reappraisal of the seasonal adjustment of the employment and
unemployment series for all 10 States is now underway. Revisions in certain series will be
introduced in the near future.
4 .9
3 Seasonal Iy-adjusted data are not presented for this series, because the variations that are
due to seasonal influences cannot be separated with sufficient precision from those which stem
from the trend-cycle and irregular components of the original time series.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-1. Employees on nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
jin thousands!
N ot seasonally adjusted
Seasonally adjusted
Industry
NOV*
1977
SEPT.
1978
QCT. p
1978
NOV • p
1578
NOV*
1977
JULY
1978
AUG*
1978
.................................................................
84*276
8 6 ,6 8 8
8 7 ,2 9 8
87*798
83*549
86*033
G O O D S -P R O D U C IN G .........................................................
2 4 ,8 8 0
2 6 ,1 3 1
2 6 ,1 5 6
26*162
24*617
.............................................................................
8 41
894
898
90 5
C O N S T R U C T I O N .............................................................
4 ,0 6 2
4 ,5 8 6
4 ,5 9 8
M A N U F A C T U R I N G ........................................................
Production workers ...........................................................
1 9 ,9 7 7
1 4 ,3 8 7
2 0 ,6 5 1
1 4 ,8 7 7
11*816
8*503
12*345
8 ,8 7 1
TOTAL
MINING
D U R AB LE GOODS
................................................................
Production workers..............................................................
Furniture and fixtures.........................................................
Stone, da y, and glass p ro d u c ts ........................................
Primary metal industries....................................................
Fabricated metal products ...............................................
Machinery, except electrical .............................................
' Electric and electronic equipment .................................
Transportation equipment. .............................................
Instruments and related p ro d u c ts ....................................
Miscellaneous manufacturing.............................................
N O N D U R A B L E G O O D S .......................................................
Production workers ...........................................................
Food and kindred products .............................................
Tobacco-manufacturers......................................................
Textile mill products .........................................................
Apparel and other textile p ro d u cts .................................
Paper and allied products ..................................................
Printing and p ublishing......................................................
Chemicals and allied pro du cts...........................................
Petroleum and coal products ......................................
Rubber and misc. plastics products ...............................
Leather and leather products
...........................................
S E R V I C E - P R O D U C I N G .......................................................
SEPT*
197 8
OCT.
1978P
86*149
86*163
8 6 ,5 6 7
8 7*034
2 5 *501
25*463
25*471
2 5 ,6 6 4
25*878
840
882
887
887
894
904
4*529
3*928
4 ,3 1 7
4 ,2 9 8
4 ,2 9 8
4 ,3 3 8
4 ,3 8 0
2 0 ,6 6 0
1 4 ,8 8 0
20*728
1 4 ,9 5 0
19*849
14*263
20*302
1 4 ,5 6 9
20*278
14*532
20*286
14* 5 3 6
2 0 ,4 3 2
14*657
2 0 ,5 94
1 4 ,8 2 1
1 2 ,4 0 8
8 ,9 2 8
1 2 ,4 7 3
8 *9 93
11*746
8*429
12*138
8*694
12* 1 4 6
8*693
12*166
8*706
12*302
8*818
1 2 ,3 9 8
8 ,9 1 6
741*3
760*7
764*5
755*4
480*9
4 8 8 .7
4 9 1 .4
4 9 1 .8
687*9
708*8
712*0
712*7
1 * 1 7 4 .0 1 * 2 2 3 .3 1 * 2 2 0 .1 1 * 2 3 3 .6
1 * 6 1 7 .9 1 * 6 7 4 .7 1 * 6 8 4 .3 1*691*4
2 * 2 3 4 .5 2*365*3 2 * 3 8 2 .0 2 *4 0 1 .7
1 * 9 2 2 . 3 1 * 9 9 4 . 0 2 * 0 0 6 * 0 2* 0 1 8 * 0
1* 8 7 8 . 8 1 * 9 9 3 . 1 2 * 0 1 1 . 7 2 * 0 2 6 . 3
6 2 5 .6
6 6 2 .9
6 6 5 .1
6 7 2 .0
452*9
469*4
474*2
469*9
745
475
680
1*180
1*608
2*232
1*903
1*860
623
440
743
485
698
1*199
1*643
2*345
1*977
1*937
660
451
743
481
692
1*205
1*646
2*351
1*975
1*941
66 1
451
7 44
480
692
1*214
1*650
2*358
1*972
1*943
662
4 51
748
484
699
1*220 •
1*666
2*389
1*986
l r 992
663
455
759
486
704
1 ,2 4 0
1*681
2*399
1*998
2*006
*669
456
8*255
5*957
8*103
5*834
8* 164
5*875
8 ,1 3 2
5*839
8*120
5*830
8* 1 3C
5*839
8*196
5*905
1 ,7 0 9 . 4 1*790*4 1 * 7 3 4 .9 1 * 7 0 7 .0
77*4
78*0
78*7
7 7 .3
9 2 0 .6
913*6
911*9
912*5
1 * 3 3 3 . 7 1 * 3 2 5 . 8 1 * 3 2 7 . 4 1* 3 2 7 . 9
697. 0
702*9
697*1
705*8
1 * 1 5 5 .4 1 * 1 7 9 .5 1 * 1 8 4 .1 1 * 2 0 2 .6
1 * 0 7 3 .9 1*093*8 1*092*7 1*095*2
2 0 5 .4
211*8
2 1 2 .2
2 1 1 .6
7 3 3 .0
758*2
763*1
7 6 7 .5
2 5 5 .3
2 4 7 .5
250. 1
2 5 2 .2
1 *693
71
918
1*318
693
1*152
1*073
205
726
254
1*688
73
909
1*307
n o
1*187
1*091
207
749
243
1*670
69
903
1*309
698
1*188
1*089
209
7 46
251
1*665
70
907
1*309
697
1*178
1*088
209
744
253
1*667
71
908
1*308
693
1*181
1*089
210
752
251
1*690
71
910
1*312
702
1*199
1*094
211
760
247
60*532
60*686
60* 6 9 2
60*903
61*156
8*161
5*884
5 9 ,3 9 6
8*306
6*006
6 0 ,5 5 7
8*252
5*952
.
61*142
6 1 ,6 3 6
58*932
4*971
4*736
4*827
4*846
4 ,8 5 5
4*920
4*946
19*523
1 9 ,5 4 6
19*640
19*705
4*905
14*618
4 ,9 1 7
1 4 ,6 2 9
4* 9 4 6
14*694
4*978
14*727
T R A N S P O R T A T I O N A N D P U B L IC
U T I L I T I E S .....................................................................
4 ,7 6 0
4*908
4*950
W H O L E S A L E A N D R E T A I L T R A D E .......................
1 9 ,0 8 8
1 9 ,6 3 4
1 9 ,7 0 9
19*975
18*830
19*469
W H O L E S A L E T R A D E ....................................................
R E T A I L T R A D E ...............................................................
4 ,7 8 0
1 4 ,3 0 8
4 ,9 3 2
14* 7 0 2
4 ,9 7 1
1 4 , 73 8
4*998
14*977
4*761
14*069
4*901
1 4 *568
4*745
..
4 ,5 2 1
4*724
4 ,7 3 2
4*535
4*690
4*707
4 ,7 1 9
4 ,7 3 7
4 ,7 5 9
..........................................................................
1 5 ,5 3 7
16*159
1 6 ,1 8 1
1 6 ,2 1 3 . 15*568
15*989
16*074
1 6 ,1 2 7
1 6 ,1 4 9
1 6 ,2 4 5
...............................................................
1 5 ,4 9 0
15*132
15*570
15*732
15*263
15*557
15*536
1 5 ,4 4 5
1 5 ,4 5 7
1 5 ,5 0 1
.....................................................................
2*716
1 2 ,7 7 4
2*744
12*388
2* 75 3
12*817
2*756
12*976
2*727
12*536
2*765
12*792
2*765
12*771
2 ,7 5 2
12*693
2*767
12*690
2 ,7 6 7
12*734
F IN A N C E , I N S U R A N C E , A N D R E A L E S T A T E
Se
r v ic e s
NOV* n
1978 P
GOVERNMENT
federal
s ta te an d
Lo c a l
..............................................................
•
N O T E : Establishment data shown in tables B-1 through B-6 have been revised to conform to the 1972
Standerd Industrial Classification and adjusted to March 1977 benchmark levels; consequently, they are
not comparable with data published prior to the October 6,19 7 8 release. For a discussion of the effect of
these revisions, see " B L S Establishment Estimates Revised to Reflect New Benchmark Levels and 1972 SIC "
Employment and Earnings, October 1978, Vol. 25. No. 10.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B-2. Average weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers, on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
Seasonally adjusted
Not seasonally adjusted
Industry
NOV.
S EP T.
1977
1976
O C T.
1978p
NOV.
1978 p
NOV.
1977
JULY
1978
AUG.
1978
S E P T.
1978
CCT .
1978 p
NOV. p
1978
TO TA L P R IV A TE .....................................
35 .9
3 6 .0
3 5 .9
3 5 .8
36 .0
35 .9
3 5 .8
3 5 .8
3 5 .8
3 5 .9
M IN IN G ....................................................................
94 .*
4 3 .5
4 3 .8
4 3 .3
4 3 .7
43 .0
4 3 .6
4 3 .0
43* 1
4 2 .8
CO N STR UCTIO N.....................................................
36 .x
37 .5
3 7 .9
3 6 .5
3 6 .4
37 .3
3 7 .1
37. C
3 6 .9
3 6 .8
40 .7
3 .o
40 .7
3 .9
4C .6
3 .8
4C .8
3 .6
4 0 .5
3 .6
4 0 .5
3 .6
4 0 .3
3 .4
4 0 .4
3 .6
4 0 .4
3 .6
4 0 .6
3 .7
1 . ‘t
3.9
• e l.4
4 .2
4 1 .3
4 .1
4 1 .5
4 .1
4 1 .2
3 .8
4 1 .2
3 .8
41. C
3 .6
4 1 .1
3 .8
4 1 .2
3 .9
4 1 .3
4 .0
4 0 .0
39 .4
4 2 .1
4 2 .2
4 1 .2
4 2 .x
4 0 .5
4 2 .7
4 1 .1
3 9 .2
4 0 .3
3 9 .5
4 2 .3
4 2 .0
4 1 .0
4 2 .0
4 0 .3
4 2 .6
4 1 .0
39 .1
3 9 .8
3 9 .4
4 2 .1
42.1
4 1 .3
4 2 .5
4 0 .7
4 2 .8
4 1 .0
39 .3
4 0 .0
3 9 .5
4 1 .5
4 1 .5
4 1 .0
4 1 .9
4 0 .5
4 2 .6
4 0 .6
3 8 .9
3 9 .8
39 .3
4 1 .7
4 1 .8
4 1 .0
42.2
40 .7
4 2 .1
4 0 .7
3 8 .8
3 9 .3
3 9 .0
4 1 .6
4 2 .0
4 0 .9
4 1 .8
4 C .4
4 1 .8
4 1 .0
3 9 .0
35. 6
3 8 .8
4L8
4 1 .8
4C. 9
4 1 .9
40. 1
4 2 .5
4 0 .9
3 9 .0
40. C
3 8 .9
4 1 .8
4 2 .2
4 0 .8
4 2 .0
4 0 .2
4 2 .5
4 0 .9
3 8 .8
4 0 .0
3 9 .1
4 1 .9
4 2 .2
4 1 .0
4 2 .2
4 0 .4
4 2 .7
4 0 .6
3 8 .8
M AN UFACTUR ING.................................................
Overtime h ours ...........................................................................
D U R A B LE G O O D S ....................................................................
Overtime h ours ...........................................................................
4
......................................................
39 .6
F u rn iture and f ix t u r e s ...................................................................
3 5 .o
Stone, clay, and glass products
41 .7
41 .4
<61 *4
4 2.*
4 0 .b
4 2. 7
41 .u
39 .4
L u m b e r and w o o d products
Prim ary metal industries
.................................................
..............................................................
Machinery, except electrical ......................................................
Electric and electronic e a u io m e n t ...........................................
T ransportation equi pm ent
........................................................
Instrum ents and related products
...........................................
Miscellaneous m a n u fa c tu rin g ......................................................
.................................................................................
3 .3
39 .8
3 .6
3 9 .5
3 .4
3 9 .7
3 .3
3 9 .5
3 .2
3 9 .4
3 .2
3 9 .3
3 .2
39. 4
3 .2
3 9 .3
3 .2
3 9 .5
3 .2
Fo o d and kindred p r o d u c t s ........................................................
4 0 .*
4 0 .3
Tob a c c o m a n u fa c tu re rs .................................................................
39.7
4 0 .9
36.*
4 3 .0
3 8 .5
3 9 .9
3 8 .4
4 0 .7
3 6 .1
43 .3
36. 1
4 2 .2
44 .0
4 1 .5
3 6 .7
4 0 .1
3 8 .5
4 0 .7
3 5 .8
4 2 .8
3 7 .8
4 1 .7
4 2 .8
4 0 .8
3 7 .4
39 .8
3 8 .6
4 0 .2
3 5 .8
42 .9
3 7 .6
4 1 .8
4 3 .9
4 0 .9
37 .2
3 9 .5
3 7 .7
4 0 .4
3 5 .6
4 2 .7
3 7 .4
4 1 .9
4 4 .3
4 0 .9
3 7 .1
3 9 .5
3 7 .9
4C. 4
3 5 .7
42. 7
3 7 .8
41. 8
4 3 .8
41. C
3 7 .2
3 5 .8
3 6 .9
4 0 .4
3 5 .1
4 2 .7
37 .7
42. C
4 3 .8
4 1 .0
3 6 .8
3 9 .8
3 7 .2
4 0 .5
35 .8
43 .1
3 7 .9
4 2 .0
4 3 .7
4 1 .2
3 6 .5
4 0 .1
4 0 .2
35 .6
3 9 .9
40. 1
4 0 .1
40 .1
N O N D U R A B L E G O O D S ...........................................................
Overtime hours
39.7
3 8 .U
3 6 .1
Leather and leather p r o d u c t s ......................................................
41.9
4 3 .x
41 .1
3 7 .0
4 1 .9
4 4 .4
4 1 .3
37 .0
39 .9
3 7 .7
4 0 .4
3 5 .5
4 2 .9
3 7 .8
4 2 .0
44. 2
4 1 .3
3 6 .8
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
U TIL ITIE S ........................................................
4 0 .*
4 0 .2
4 0 .1
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL T R A D E ..................
32 .9
3 2 .8
32. 7
32. 6
3 3 .1
3 2 .9
3 2 .8
3 2 .8
3 2 .8
3 2 .9
WHOLESALE T R A D E .........................................
RETAIL T R A D E ...................................................
3 6. b
31 .x
3 9 .0
3C .S
3 9 .0
3 0 .7
3 8 .9
30. 7
3 8 .8
3 1 .4
3 8 .7
3 1 .1
3 8 .8
3 0 .9
3 9 .0
3 0 .9
3 8 .9
3 0 .9
3 8 .9
3 1 .0
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL ESTATE ................................................
3 6 .4
3 6 .4
3 6 .6
3 6 .3
3 6 .4
3 6 .6
3 6 .5
3 6 .5
3 6 .6
3 6 .3
3 2 .8
3 2 .7
3 2 .8
3 2 .8
3 2 .7
Te x tile mill products
...................................................................
Apparel and other textile products
........................................
Paper and allied p ro d u c ts ..............................................................
Printing and publishing
.................................................................
Chemicals and allied p roducts ................................................... |
Petroleum and coal p r o d u c t s ......................................................
Rubber and misc. plastics pro ducts
......................................
SERVICES '. ..........................................................
1
32 .9
4 0 .7
3 5 .9
43 .1
3 2 .7
3 2 .7
3 2 .6
3 3 .0
Data relate to p ro d u ctio n workers in m in in g and m anufacturing: to con stru ctio n w orkers in c on stru ctio n ; a n d t o nonsupervisory workers in transportat|on arKl p u b lic utilitie s; w h o le sale a nd
retail trade; finance, insurance, and real estate; and services. These groups account fo r ap p ro xim a te ly fo u r-fifth s o f the total e m p lo y m e n t o n private nonagricultural p ayrolls.
p * prelim inary.
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
i
Table B-3. Average hourly and weekly earnings of production or nonsupervisory workers on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry
Average hourly earnings
Average weekly earnings
Industry
TO TA L P R IV A TE..............................................................................
Seasonally a d ju ste d .............................................................................
NOV.
1977
S EP T.
1978
O CT. p
1978
NOV. p
1978
* 5 .4 0
5 .3 9
$5 .82
5.77
$ 5 .8 6
5.8 2
$ 5 .8 7
5. 66
NOV.
1977
SEPT.
19 78
O CT. p
1978-
NCV.
1978
$1 9 3 .8 6 $209.52 $210.37 $210.15
19 4.04
20 6 .5 7 2C 8.3 o
21 0.37
M IN IN G ................................................................................. ............................
7.1 9
7.94
7.9 7
8 .0 7
3 1 7 .8 0
3 4 5 .3 9
3 4 9 .0 9
34 9.43
CONSTRUCTION ..............................................................................................
b . 26
€.8 7
8. 89
8 .9 0
2 9 8 .1 9
33 2.63
33 6.93
3 2 4.85
25 9.90
5.8 5
6 .2 8
6.3 3
6 .3 7
2 3 8 .1 0
25 5 .6 0
257.00
6 .2 5
6.71
6 .7 6
6 .8 1
2 5 8 .7 5
277. 79
279. 19
282.62
.............. ............................................................................
5.2 5
4 .4 7
5 .9 8
7.7 1
6 .0 8
6 .4 6
5 .5 5
7.5 7
5.4 3
4 .4 7
5 .7 5
4 ,7 6
6 .4 6
8.4 2
6 .4 5
6 .8 8
5.94
8 .0 4
5.76
4 .7 4
5.7 6
4 .7 7
6 .4 7
8 .4 4
6 .4 8
6 .9 6
5.9 8
8 .2 0
5.80
4 .7 7
5. 75
4 .7 9
6 .5 1
8 .4 9
6 .5 3
7 .0 1
5 .9 8
8 .2 6
5. 85
4 .8 3
2C 8.9 5
1 7 7 .9 1
2 4 9 .3 7
3 1 9 .1 9
2 5 1 .1 0
2 7 2 .6 1
2 2 6 .4 4
3 2 3 .2 4
2 2 2 .6 3
17 6 .1 2
2 3 0.00
187.54
27 1 .9 7
35 5.32
2 6 5.74
28 9 .6 5
2 4 0 .5 7
343.31
2 3 6 .7 4
185. 81
232.13
188.42
27 3.68
3 5 4.48
2 6 5.68
2 9 2.32
2 4 0.99
3 4 9 .3 2
237.80
186. 51
2 2 8.85
186. 73
27 4 .0 7
357.43
2 6 9 .6 9
2 9 7.93
2 4 3.39
35 3.53
2 3 9.85
189.82
N O N D U R A B L E G O O D S ...................................................................................................................
5.2 4
5.62
5 .6 4
5 .6 8
2 0 8 .0 3
22 3 .6 8
2 2 2.78
2 2 $ .5 0
F o o d and kin d re d p r o d u c t s ................................................... ............................................................................
5 .5 3
5 .7 1
4 .1 2
3.7 1
6 .1 7
6 .2 6
5 .8 7
6.1 0
4 .4 2
3 ,9 9
6 . 68
6.5 8
7 .1 3
8.6 7
5 .5 8
3.92
5 .8 8
5.9 7
4 .4 2
4 .0 2
6 .6 8
6 .5 7
7.18
8 .6 7
5 .6 6
3 .9 3
5 .9 6
6 .1 0
4 .4 5
4 .C 3
6 .7 4
6 .6 0
7 .2 2
8.7 1
5.7 0
3 .9 8
2 2 2.31
2 2 6 .6 9
1 6 8 .5 1
13 3.93
2 6 5 .3 1
2 3 7 .8 8
2 7 9 .0 5
34 0 .9 2
2 1 5 .7 8
13 8.37
2 3 6.56
234. 15
17 9.89
143.24
28 7 .9 1
2 5 0 . 7C
29 8 .7 5
3 8 4 .9 5
2 3 0.45
14 5.04
23 4.61
22 5. 07
178.57
142.71
28 6.57
24 8 .3 5
30 1.56
383.21
23 3 .1 6
144.62
2 3 7.80
2 3 4 .2 4
18 1.12
14 5.48
29 1.84
2 5 1.46
3 0 4.68
38 3 .2 4
23 6.55
14 6.07
3 0 9.57
M A N U FA CTUR IN G ............................................................
...................
D U R A B L E G O O D S ......................................................................................
L u m b e r and w o o d p ro d u c ts ........................................................................................................................
F u rn itu re and f i x t u r e s ......................................................................................
S tone, c la y, a nd glass p roducts
,
...............................................................................................................
Prim ary metal in d u strie s.................................................................................................................................
Fabricated metal p r o d u c t s ...........................................................................................................................
M achinery, except e le c tric a l......................................................................................... ...............................
Ele ctric and electronic e q u i p m e n t ...........................................................................................................
Tra n sp o rta tio n e q u ip m e n t ...........................................................................................................................
Instrum ents arid related p ro d u c ts ..........................................................................................................................
Miscellaneous m a n u f a c tu rin g ..............................
T o b a c c o manufacturers................................................................. . . .........................................................
T e x tile mill pro ducts................................................................... ............................................................................
Ap p a re l and other textile p ro d u c ts .....................................................................
Paper and allied p ro d u c ts ......................
Prin tin g a nd publishing
...................................
..............................................................................................................
........................................ .................................................................................................
Chem icals and allied p ro d u c ts ..................................................................................................................................
6 .6 6
Petroleum and coal p r o d u c t s ......................................................................................................................
7 .9 i
R ubber and misc. plastics p r o d u c t s ........................................................................................................
5 .2 5
Leather and leather p ro d u c ts . ..................................................................................................................................
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC UTILITIES
3.6 8
p
.................................
7.2 5
7.71
7. 73
7 .7 2
2 9 1 .4 5
3 0 9 .9 4
30 9 .9 7
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL TR A D E ................... .........................................
4 .3 8
4 .7 4
4 .7 8
4 .7 9
1 4 4 .1 0
155.47
156.31
15 6.15
WHOLESALE T R A D E ...................................................................................
RETAIL T R A D E ..............................................................................................................................................
5 .5 5
3. 94
6 .0 2
4 .2 5
6 . C5
4 .2 8
6 . C6
4 .3 0
2 1 5 .3 4
1 2 2 .5 3
2 3 4 .7 8
1 3 1 .3 3
235. 95
1 3 1 .4 0
23 5. 73
132.01
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND REAL E S TA TE ............ ...............................
4 .6 3
4 .9 7
5 .0 3
5 .0 2
.1 6 8 .5 3
18C.91
18 4.10
182.23
S E R V IC E S .....................................................................................................
4 .7 8
5 .0 6
5 .1 1
5 .1 3
157.26
1 6 5.46
167. 10
167.24
See fo o tn o te 1, table B -2 .
See fo otn o te 2 , table B -2 .
(^ p r e lim in a r y .
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B -4 .
Hourly earnings index for production or nonsupervisory w o rke rs1 on private nonagricultural
payrolls, by industry division, seasonally adjusted
[1967=1001
Percent change from
1977
June
1978
J u ly
1978
202.4
109.3
221.2
196.7
205.3
220.2
194.6
185.4
202.6
212.3
108.7
239.8
207.6
214.7
229.6
205.2
194.6
211.5
214.1
109.0
NOV.
Aug.
1978
Sept.
1978
214.6
108.7
244.5
209.2
217.5
231.2
208.3
196.0
212.9
216.2
108.7
. 247.1
209.9
218.9
233.3
209.9
198.2
214.8
Oct. P
1978
Nov. P
1978
217.9
108.7
249.8
210.7
220.8
234.2
211.4
199.9
217.1
218.9
N.A.
250.0
211.9
222.2
234.7
212.5
200.6
217.7
Nov. 1977Nov. 1978
Oct. 1978Nm .
1078
TO T A L PRIVATE NONFARM:
Current dollars..................................................................
Constant (1967) d ollars..................................................
M I N I N G .....................................................................................
C O N T R A C T C O N S T R U C T I O N ...........................................
M A N U F A C T U R I N G ................................................................
T R A N S P O R T A T IO N A N D P U B L IC U T I L I T I E S ...............
W H O L E S A L E A N D R E T A I L T R A D E .................................
F IN A N C E . IN S U R A N C E . A N D R E A L E S T A T E ...............
S E R V IC E S ...................................................................................
244.3
207.9
216.7
230.4
207.6
196.9
213.2
8.1
(2 )
13.1
7.7
8.2
6.6
9.2
8.2
7.5
0.4
(3 )
.6
.6
#5
.3
.3
1 See footnote 1, table B-2.
j
3
Percent change was -.5 from October 1977 to October 1978, the la te st month available.
Percent change was .0 from September 1978 to October 1978, the la te st month available.
N -A . - not available,
p-preliminary.
N O T E : A ll senes are in current dollars except where indicated. Th e index excludes effects o f tw o types of changes that are unrelated to underlying wage rate developments: Fluctuations in over
time pre m ium in manufacturing (the only sector for which overtime data are available) and the effects of changes in the proportion of workers in high-wage and low wage industries.
Table B -5 . Indexes of aggregate weekly hours of production or nonsupervisory workers,' on private
nonagricultural payrolls, by industry, seasonally adjusted
[1967-100]
1977
1978
Industry division and group
NOV.
TO TA L P R IV A TE ................................
GOODS-PRODUCIN6 ..........................................
M IN IN G.............................................................
CO N STR UCTIO N.......................
.........
DEC*
JA N .
FEB.
MAR.
APR.
MAY
JUNE
JULY
AUG.
S E P T . G C T .P NOV. P
1 1 7 .4 1 1 7 .5 1 1 6 .2 1 1 7 .1 11 9.1 120. 4 1 2 0 .0 120*6 1 2 0 .6 1 2 0 .4 1 2 0 .8 121*4 1 2 2 .4
1 0 2 .0
1 0 1 .6
9 9 .3 1 0 0 .9 1C 3 .6 106. C 105.1 1 0 6 .0 106*1 1 0 5 .4 105*5 1 0 6 .5
10 7.9
1 3 9 .7 1 0 7 .8 1 0 5 .6 106*8 111*3 1 4 4 .2 1 4 3.1 144*0 143*5 145*7 144*4 1 4 5 .8 1 4 6.5
10 8*7 1 0 8 .6 100*3 1 0 4.2
11 1.5 1 1 8 .8 117.1 12 2.8 1 2 4 .2 122*8 122*6 1 2 3.7 124*5
10 0.1 1C2.0 1 0 2.5 1C 1.6 10 1.7 1 0 1 .6 1 0 1 .C 1 0 1 .2 102*1 103*7
MANUFACTURING .........................................
9 9 .5
1 0 0 .2
9 8 .9
DURABLE GOODS................ .........................
Lumber and wood products. : ...........................
Furniture and fixtures ...................................
Stone, clay, and glass products.........................
Primary metal industries..............................
Fabricated metal products .......................
Machinery, except electrical ............................
Electric and electronic equipment ....................
Transportation equipment................................
Instruments and related products.....................
Miscellaneous manufacturing industry ..............
1 0 0 .8
1 1 3 .2
1 0 7.0
1 0 8 .6
9 1 .6
100*1
105*1
9 8 .1
94*1
115*1
97*7
1 0 1 .7
114*5
108*9
109*0
9 1 .9
10 1.1
1 0 6 .2
98 .6
95*7
1 1 6 .0
99*0
1 0 0 .5
1 1 3 .2
106. 1
106*4
9 2 .2
99*4
104*6
9 7 .3
94*9
116*3
9 7 .4
1C 2.9
114*3
1 1 2 .5
111*0
92 .8
102*9
1 09 .4
101*2
97*2
1 2 0 .5
102*0
1 0 4 .2
115*0
1 1 2 .5
112*7
9 2 .9
103*5
1 1 0 .1
100*4
97*5
1 2 1 .7
102*6
1C 3.5
111*8
1 1 0 .3
11 1.4
9 3 .9
1 0 3.3
1 0 9 .5
9 9 .8
'96*6
1 2 0 .8
101*5
103.8
113*6
1 0 9 .5
112*4
94 .1
1 0 2.4
1 1 1 .3
99*8
95*8
1 2 2 .4
10.1*4
1 0 4 .0
112*3
1 0 8 .3
111*1
94*4
102. C
1 1 2 .1
1 0 1 .8
9 6 .2
123*6
99*8
NONDURABLE GOODS.....................................
Food and kindred products..............................
Tobacco manufacturers.............. ..................
Yextile mill products.......................................
Apperel and other textile products ...................
Paper and allied products.................................
Printing and publishing...................................
Chemicals and allied products...........................
Petroleumand coal products . ..........................
Rubber and misc. plastics products ...........
Leather and leather products ...........................
9 7 .9
97*6
96*5 97*4 99*2
9 4 .6 94*5 9 4 .7
94*4
96.2
82*0
7 8 .7
7 7 .9
7 9 .4
77*1
9 3 .7
9 3 .7
9 3 .0 92*6 9 2 .5
91*1
91 *6
90*8
85*6 90*1
98*6
9 8 .7
9 9 .1 1 C 1.6
9 9 .6
9 9 .3
96*9 96*7 96*7 96*9
104*0 1 0 4.5 1 0 4 .4 104*8 1 0 6 .0
117*3 119*8 119*9 119*0 1 2 1 .3
141*3 14 2.1 1 4 1 .0 14 0.1 1 4 4 .5
69*1
68*0
6 7 .8
-
99*9
9 6 .4
80*2
9 3 .4
93 *2
1 0 2 .4
99*1
1 0 6 .5
12 2.1
1 4 7.3
71*3
98*9
94*6
81 *5
9 2 .6
*91.9
1 0 1 .9
98 *2
1 0 6 .9
118*4
1 4 6 .6
7 0 .4
9 8 .7
9 4 .0
84*1
9 1 .8
9 1 .4
10 1.9
9 8 .6
10 6.9
1 2 0.4
1 4 7 .0
70*1
98*9
~98. 1 9 7 .2 9 7 .2
97*2
9 2 .0
93*9
93*6 9 1 .4 9 1 .3
71*5 74*5 73*8
74*4
78*6
9 1 .2
9 1 .8
9 1 .9
92*5
9 1 .5
9 0 .1
90*1 9 0 .1
88*6 90*7
9 9 .2
99*0 9 8 .8 101 *6
1 0 1 .9
99*1 98*3 97*6
96*0 100*8
1 0 6 .6 1 0 6 .0 106*0 1 0 6 .3 1 0 6.8
121*2 123*2 1 2 2 .7 122*7 124*2
1 4 6 .2 1 4 5 .4 145*0 147*0 150*3
69*6 68*3 6 6 .1
6 7 . 1 6 9 .1
SERVICE-PRODUCING.........................................
IC i.S
114*0
111*1
108*4
9 3 .4
101*4
107.1
9 8 .8
9 3 .7
117*5
99*0
1 0 3 .5
110*7
1 0 6 .4
109*8
95*3
101*6
110*8
101*1
9 6 .1
1 2 3 .9
100*6
1 0 3 .9
1 1 1 .6
1 0 6 .2
110*1
9 5 .5
102*0
1 1 1 .5
100. 1
9 7 .7
1 2 3 .9
100*3
105*5
113*6
107*2
111*4
9 7 .1
103*1
113*7
101*1
100*3
1 2 3 .9
100*6
107*0
114*8
10 8.3
112*8
9 9 .2
104*7
114*4
102*6
102*5
125*7
101*2
128*1 1 2 8 .5 1 2 7 .9 1 2 8 .4 1 2 9 .8 1 3 0.5 1 3 0.5 1 3 0 .7 130. 7 1 3 0 .8 1 3 1 .4 131*8 132 .4
TRANSPORTATION AND PUBLIC
U T IL IT IE S .....................................................
1 0 7 .2
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
TRADE .................................. .....................
124*2 1 2 4 .7 12 3.7 124*2 1 2 5 .9 1 2 6 .4 126*8 126 .8
WHOLESALE T R A D E .....................................
RETAIL T R A D E ...............................................
122*4 123*0 123*1 123*9 1 2 5 .3 1 2 6.0 125*2 12 6.1 125*7 12 6.1 12 7.1 1 2 7.2 .128*3
124*9 1 2 5 .4 1 2 3 .9 1 2 4 .4 12 6.1 12 6.6 1 2 7 .3 1 2 7 .0 r28*0!1 2 7 .7 1 2 7 .7 1 2 8.1 1 2 9 .0
1 0 6 .9 1 0 7 .0
1 0 7 .7 1 0 9.1 108*7 1 0 9 .0 109*4 1 0 6 .5 1 0 7 .7
1 2 7 .4 1 2 7 .2 12 7 .5 127*9 128*8
FINANCE, INSURANCE, AND
REAL E S T A T E .............................................
133*6 1 3 3 .9 1 3 4 .3
S E R V I C E S ...................................................................
141*6 1 4 2 .1 1 4 1 .7 1 4 1 .8 14 3. 3 14 4.1 1 4 3 .8 143 .9 1 4 4 .1
• Sm footnote 1, table B-2.
’ Sm footnote 2, t«W* B-2.
10 8.2 1 0 9 .9 110*5
13 5.1 1 3 5.4 1 3 7 .5 1 3 6 .2 1 3 7 .9 1 3 9 .0 1 3 9 .2 1 3 9 .6 1 4 0 .5 140*3
pnwlimir**
1 4 4 .1 1 4 5 .1 1 4 4 .7
1*5f.l-
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
ESTABLISHMENT DATA
Table B -6. Indexes of diffusion: Percent of industries in which employment1increased
Qwr 1'month span
Ovar 3-month span
Oyar 6-month span
Oyar 12-month span
J a n u a r y ..................... • • ••••
F e b r u a r y ......................... . •
M a r c h . ..................... . . . . . . .
18.0
21.2
26.5
13.1
12.8
20.1
11.9
1?. 8
18.6
1 5.7
16. 9
18. 3
A p r i l ...................... ........
M a y ................ ..............• • •
J u n e , ...............................
41.0
51.5
43.0
36. 6
43.0
53.2
29.4
48.3
57.3
20 . 9
27.0
41.0
J u l y ..... ..................... .
S e p t e m b e r .• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ......
56.1
73.3
67.4
61.6
73.5
77.3
67.2
69.2
75.9
54.1
64.5
74 . 1
O c t o b e r . ......... ........ .
N o v e m b e r ........ .
D e c e m b e r .........................
68.3
60.5
71.5
7 0.6
74.4
78.2
80.5
84.0
83.7
79.7
82.3
86.3
J a n u a r y ............ .
F e b r u a r y ••••'••«
........... •...
M a r c h . . • • • • ........ .
78.2
72.4
69.5
85.8
84.9
81.4
87.2
85.8
82.0
85.2
84.0
85.2
A p r i l ................ ...... ........
M a y . ............................. .
J u n e . . . • • • • • • • • • • • • ......... .
70.1
58.1
57.8
72.4
67.2
•65.1
75;6
68.3
71.2
78.8
82.6
79.9
J u l y . • • • • • • • • .............. .....
A u g u s t • • • . . • • • • • • • • • • • ........
S e p t e m b e r . ........ ........ .
58.4
49.1
64.8
57.8
64.0
53.8
63.1
65.1
66.3
78.5
77.6
80.2
O c t o b e r . • • • • • • • • ........ * .......
N o v e m b e r ......... .............••••
D e c e m b e r . •••.•••••.. ••••••••••
47.1
67.4
66.6
65.1
64.2
81.4
73.3
78.8
81.4
80.8
80.8
82.6
J a n u a r y ..........*•..........• • • • • •
F e b r u a r y ........ ...................
M a r c h . . ........ ...............
76.2
66.0
74.7
83. 1
86.3
81.1
88.1
87.8
85.2
78.8
80*5
80.2
A p r i l ...............................
M a y .................... ............ .
J u n e . • • • • • • • • • • .......• • • • • • • • •
68.0
64.8
71.2
79.4
76.2
68.0
79.4
75.9
72.1
84.6
84.0
83.1
J u l y ............................... .
S e p t e m b e r . .........................
59.3
51.7
>0.8
63.4
58.7
62.5
69.8
74.1
72.1
82.6
83.7
82.6
O c t b b e r .............................
N o v e m b e r ..... .....................
December. •••••••••••••••••••••
60.5
73.8
72. 1
7 3.8
75.3
7 9.7
77.9
82.0
83.1
81.1
81.1
80.8
J a n u a r y ••••••........... *.........
F e b r u a r y ................... ........
M a r c h ............ ........ .
69.8
70.3
7 0.1
80.2
80.2
7 5.9
85.5
79.9
77.9
80.5
79.1
77.6
A p r i l ...............................
M a y ............. ’
• ...... ........ .
J u n e ........ .......... ...........
62.8
56.4
67. 2
67.4
63.7
62.5
68.9
67.7
59.6
7 7 . 6p
7 9 . 4p
J u l y . • • • • • • • • ..... • • • • • • • • • • • •
A u g u s t . • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • ..... .
S e p t e m b e r ............. ........... •
54.9
51.7
57.6
57.0
49.7
58. 7p
5 9 . 9p
7 0 . 9p
O c t o b e r .............. • • • • .........
N o v e m b e r . ........ .................
D e c e m b e r ................. • • • • • • • •
70 . 3p
7 9 . 9p
76. 5p
Year and month
1975
1976
197 7
1978
1 Number of employees. »asonatlv adiusted. on oavrolts of 172orlvate nonaaricultural industries,
p = preliminary.
@FedFRASER